:ffillINO:l#ffiSABEOaB mamsBsssamm YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1936 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE BEING THE SPEECHES AND MESSAGES OF HIS MAJESTY GEORGE V AS PRINCE AND SOVEREIGN 5^ lpul)lisbe6 bg ©ctmfsslon LONDON WILLIAMS AND NORGATE 14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C. 1911 CHISWICK PRESS : TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. PREFACE \ ^ T^HILE His Majesty has been graciously pleased to give permission for the pub lication of a volume of his speeches, the Publishers are, of course, solely responsible for the arrangement and issue of the collec tion -which follows. As to this arrangement, therefore, an explanatory word may be offered. Neither the list of speeches included nor the text of every one is absolutely complete. The Prince had to deliver many short benedictory addresses on occasions of only local or pass ing moment ; in speaking at recurrent gather ings of bodies like the Royal Naval Fund, the Royal College of Music, and King Edward's vi PREFACE Hospital Fund, he had to deal with facts and figures which may now properly be left to the publications of those bodies; and, however much the phrasing of replies to those who greeted him, for instance, on his tours through the Colonies and India, might be varied, they necessarily repeated the same idea of appre ciation and goodwill. But an effort has been made to include every speech and preserve every passage that is still significant. The measure in which this has been accomplished is largely due to the generosity of "The Morning Post " in permitting us to make full use of their files, and of "The Times" in giving leave to borrow several of their reports. King George lived so long under the shadow of the fame of Queen Victoria and King Edward, and he has so recently been crowned, that it may come as a surprise to PREFACE vii many readers to realize how multifarious have been the interests of his adult life, how various the activities, and how rarely valuable the experiences, of his dutiful wander - years. Something of this should be reflected in the following pages, wherein he is seen now urg ing upon the industrial magnates of Lanca shire the importance of higher education, and anon haranguing a group of Maori or Ojibway chiefs; visiting Indian famine works, or praising the water supply of London and Liverpool; recalling the gloom and pride of South African battlefields; cheering the pioneers of trade in the Far East and the founders of Universities in the Far West; testifying impartially to the merits of Scots and Germans as colonists, and the benefits of good nursing everywhere; bidding school boys be thorough, have courage, push ahead; X CONTENTS PAGE The Defence of Ladysmith 42 Pietermaritzburg' (Aug'. 14: opening of To'wn Hall — Zulu chiefs) ; Capeto'wn (Aug. 19). In French Canada 48 Quebec (Sept. 16: Various addresses — Laval Uni versity) ; Montreal (Sept. 18). Freedom and Federation 53 Ottawa (Sept. 20 : Various addresses ; Sept. 21: statue of Queen Victoria). Out West 57 Winnipeg (Sept. 26) ; Regina (Sept. 27). To the Indian Chiefs 60 Calgary (Sept. 29). Empire and Self-Government 65 Victoria, B.C. (Oct. i); Toronto (Oct. 10: Various ad dresses; Oct. II, the University); Kingston, Ont. (Oct. IS); St. John, N.B. (Oct. 17). The Elder Colonies 71 Halifax, N.S. (Oct. 19: Various addresses — war me morial — colours to 66th Fusiliers); St. John's, New foundland (Oct. 24). Looking Backward 77 Portsmouth (Nov. 3 : on the royal yacht ; to the Mayor). "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" The Strength of the Empire 81 Dec. S, 1901. At Guildhall ; the welcome home. The Royal Society gi Feb. 6, 1902. The Prince admitted to Fellowship. The Renown of Bristol 93 March 5, 1902. The dock extension scheme. Education and Trade 97 March 12, 1902. Opening Whitworth Hall on soth anniversary of Owens College, Manchester. CONTENTS xi PAGE The Oldest and Youngest Ports 103 March 12, 1902. Luncheon at Manchester Town Hall. A National Laboratory 105 March 19, 1902. Opening of the National Physical Laboratory. London Orphan Asylum 1 1 1 April 23, 1902. The 8gth annual festival. The King's Colonials 117 May 16, 1902. Opening new drill hall at Chelsea. The Blessed Nurse 119 July 7, 1902. At Guy's Hospital ; opening the Hen rietta Raphael Home. The Education of Girls 123 March 14, 1903. New buildings of St. Saviour's and St. Olave's Grammar School for Girls, New Kent Road, London, S.E. April 15, 1904. New buildings of St. Paul's School, Hammersmith. The Royal Marines 126 April 215, 1903. Unveiling memorial in St. James's Park. The Housing Problem 128 April 27, 1903. New workmen's dwellings on the site of Millbank Prison. Hull, Old and New 130 May 12, 1903. Statue of Queen Victoria; opening city square. The Doctor 132 June 10, 1903. Royal Medical Benevolent College, Epsom. Lux IN Tenebris 138 June 10, 1903. Presiding at Trinity House dinner. Truro Cathedral 145 July 15, 1903. At Truro. The Polytechnics i47 February 24, 1904. At Battersea Polytechnic. xii CONTENTS PAGE Bradford and Worstead 152 May 4, 1904. Opening of the Bradford Exhibition. Rich and Poor 155 July II, 1904. At the Leysian Mission, City Road, E.C. Advice TO " Worcester " Boys 157 July 22, 1904. Distributing prizes to cadets. A Century of Medicine 159 May 22, 1905. Centenary dinner of the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London. Cardiff AND THE " New Teaching " . . . . 161 June 29, 1905. Foundation-stone of new University College Buildings, Cardiff. The Value of Statistics 164 July 31, 1905. Opening the loth session of the Inter national Statistical Institute. WITH THE PRINCES AND PEOPLES OF INDIA (Nov. 1905 — May, 1906) : The Western Capital 169 Bombay (Nov. g, 1905: on landing; Nov. 11 : founda tion-stone of new Museum). The Importance of Ceremonial 176 Indore (Nov. 17 : at the Durbar). Udaipur (Nov. 18). The Famine Fund 179 Jaipur (Nov. 22). The Irrigation Works 182 Lahore (Nov. 28); Satwari (Dec. 10). A New Taj Mahal 185 Calcutta (Jan. 4, 1906: Foundation-stone of Victoria Memorial Hall). The Essence of British Rule 188 Rangoon (Jan. 13); Mandalay (Jan. 16); Mysore (Jan. 30-31); Benares (Feb. 19); Quetta (March 12). CONTENTS XlU Regimental Colours 194 Bangalore (Feb. 6: the Carabiniers, 6th Dragoon Guards); Haidarabad (Feb. 9: 2nd Queen's Own Rajput Light Infantry); Benares (Feb. 21: 2nd Bat. South Staffs. Regt.); Cairo (March 30: 2nd Bat. Royal Inniskillings). Lessons of the Grand Tour 199 Karachi (March 17). A Panorama of India 202 May 17, 1906. At the Guildhall. TRADE, EDUCATION, AND HEALTH (1906- 1910) : Cotton Problems 215 Nov. 30, 1906. In opening the Cotton Exchange at Liverpool. The Call OF THE Sea 217 March 11, 1907. At the 14th annual meeting of the Royal Naval Fund. The Progress of Glasgow 218 April 23, 1907. On receiving the Freedom of the city of Glasgow, and the degree of LL. D. at Glasgow Uni versity. April 24. At the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow. Work on the Clyde 224 April 25, 1907. Opening the Rothesay Dock; reply ing to an address at Clydebank. The S.P.G 226 April 27, 1907. Foundation-stone of new building in Wood Street, Westminster. India for Artists 228 May 4, 1907. At the Royal Academy banquet. Fighting THE White Plague 231 May 14, 1907. Dinner in aid of the National Associa tion for Sanatoria for Workers suffering from Tuber culosis. xiv CONTENTS PAGE The Union Jack Club 239 July 21, J904: Laying foundation-stone. July i, 1907. Opening of the Club. Cancer Research 244 July I, 1907 and July 9, 1909: Committee of the Im perial Cancer Research Fund. "Bart's" 251 July 23, 1907. Opening new out-patients' department at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Landlord and Friend 253 April 29, 1908. Opening Lambeth Town Hall. June 8, igog, at Launceston. June 9, at St. Colomb. June 10, at Liskeard. Hands Across the Sea 259 May 4, 1908. Annual dinner of the Royal Colonial Institute. The Entente Exhibition 267 May 14, 1908. Opening the Franco-British Ex hibition. A Carnegie Library 269 May 28, 1908. Opening public library at Hackney. The Thames Tunnels 271 June 12, igo8. Opening new Rotherhithe tunnel. Seven Centuries of Stockport 273 July 7, 1908. Opening Town Hall. The Birthday of Quebec 275 Quebec (July 22, 1908: the Tercentenary Cele brations). Champlain and the World's Peace .... 278 Quebec (July 23, 1908 : reply to an address read by the Mayor; July 25: banquet in the Citadel). Cadet Corps Movement 287 March 13, 1909. Distribution of prizes at Guildhall. CONTENTS XV PAGE Trade and Exhibitions 291 April s, igog. As President of Royal Commission for Brussels, Rome, and Turin Exhibitions. The New Universities 300 April 26, igog. Opening the University Library at Sheffield. The Noble Art of Printing 302 May 21, igog. Festival of Printers' Pension, Alms house, and Orphan Asylum Corporation. The Rule of Science 312 May 27, igog. 7th International Congress of Applied Chemistry. 'An Ancient See 314 June 22, 1909. Millenary Commemoration of the See of WeUs. Furthest South 316 June 28, igo8. Presentation of Royal Geographical Society medal to Mr. (Sir E.) Shackleton. Rifle Shooting 318 July 8, igog. Jubilee of National Rifle Association. For Homeless Children 324 July 21, igog. Church of England Waifs and Strays Society. Dover Harbour 326 Oct. 15, igog. Completion of the works. Mind, Muscle, and Water Supply .... 328 March 17, igio. Opening Liverpool Waterworks at Lake Vyrnwy. The Royal Academy 331 April 30, igio. At the annual banquet. Hospital Problems 334 Dec. 17, igo6 to March 3, igio. Passages from speeches at Council meetings of King Edward's Hos pital Fund. d xvi CONTENTS PAGE ACCESSION OF KING GEORGE (May, 1910 — May, 1911): " The Object OF My Life " 353 May 7, 1910. Announcement of the death of King Edward, at St. James's Palace. The Queen-Mother's Prayer 35^ Queen Alexandra's letter to the nation. To the Navy and Army 35^ May 9, igio. Proclamations from Marlborough House. To THE Princes and Peoples of India . . . 361 May lo, igio. Reply to the Viceroy's message. "To My People" 363 May 22, igio. Letter issued through the Home Secretary. To THE Overseas Dominions 365 May 24, 1910. To Officers Administering the Colonial Governments. A Pledge to India 368 May 24, igio. Letter to Princes and People of India. The Perfect Standard 371 July 8, igio. Replies to addresses from the Con vocations of Canterbury and the Northern Province. In the Steps of the Peacemaker 374 June g, igio. Replying to address from City Council. June 22. Replies to Protestant Dissenting Ministers, Scottish General Assembly, London Presbyterian Ministers, Society of Friends, St. George's Chapel, Windsor, Conjoint Jewish Committee, City of Edin burgh, and other addresses. King Edward and the Universities .... 381 June 9 and 22, igio. Replies to the Royal Society and the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Edin burgh, London, and Dublin. CONTENTS xvii PAGE The Service of London 386 June 9, 1910. Reply to the London County Council. The Festival of Empire 388 May 12, 191 1. At the Crystal Palace. Replies to Camberwell Borough Council, and Penge Urban District Council. To the Memory of Queen Victoria .... 390 May 16, 1911. Unveiling the Imperial Memorial, be fore Buckingham Palace. AFTER THE CORONATION " Our Surest Strength " 394 June 29, igii. Letter "To My People" after the Coronation Ceremonies, and telegram to the United States. The Greatness of London 397 June 23, igii. The Royal Progress. Replies to Westminster City Council, London County Council, North and South London Municipalities. June 29. Visit to the City. Replies to the City Council and Metropolitan Water Board. The Fishermen of Newfoundland .... 405 June 22, 1911. Foundation-stone of Seamen's In stitute laid by electric current. The Fleet . 407 June 24, 191 1. Review at Spithead. Signalled mess age ; reply to Portsmouth Corporation ; speech to Veterans. The Importance of Agriculture 409 June 28, 191 1. Royal Show at Norwich. Reply to the City Council. The Integrity OF THE Law 411 June 29, igii. To the Benchers of Gray's Inn. Christ's Hospital 413 July 29, 191 1. Reply to address. xviii CONTENTS PAGE The Children's Day 415 June 30, 191 1. Letter to Hon. Secretary of the King's Coronation F^te to London Children. Home Again 417 July I, igii. At Windsor: replies to Buckingham shire Magistrates, County Council, and Territorial Association, Slough Council, Thames Conservators, and Windsor Corporation. Boy Scouts 421 July 3 and 4^ 191 1. Letters to Lord Haldane and Sir Robert Baden-Powell. ' ' The Hardest Service '' 423 July I, 191 1. Replies to address from Eton College. Happy Days in Ireland 426 July 8-10, 191 1. Replies to addresses on visit to Dub lin ; Queen Mary and the women of Ireland. Farewell to Erin 433 July 12, 191 1. Letter addressed from Dublin Castle. Wales and the Young Prince 435 July 13, 191 1. The Investiture at Carnarvon. Reply to the Corporation of Carnarvon ; and Prince Edward's replies. Welsh Education and Ideals 439 July 14 and 15, 191 1. Visits to Bangor, to open the University College, and Aberystwyth to lay founda tion-stone of the Welsh National Library. Replies to addresses! Scotland's Welcome 447 July 18 and ig, 191 1. In Edinburgh: replies to Church, City, Universities' and Burghs' addresses. The Oldest Regiment 45 1 July 20, 191 1. New colours to the 2nd Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment). THE IMPERIAL TOUR OF 1901 THE EYES AND EARS OF TRADE Colombo {12th April, 1901): I sincerely thank you, members of the Legislative Council and representatives of the people of Ceylon, for having renewed to-day the loyal and hearty welcome accorded to me nineteen years ago, and for extending your generous greetings to the Duchess. We re joice with you that during our voyage to Australia it is possible to visit your beautiful island. We look forward with pleasure to some personal acquaintance with its people, varied in race but united in loyalty, to the charm of its lovely scenery, and to the interest of its relics of ancient days. I thank you for the assurance of your sympathy in the joys and sorrows experienced by my family in the past. I know how our late beloved Sovereign deeply B 2 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE appreciated your expressions and outward proof of such sentiments. In more recent times her Majesty realized with admiration and gratitude that spirit of patriotism and self-sacrifice which gave the flower of your manhood to defend the Empire's cause in South Africa. It is this sympathy and readiness for the common burden that forged links in the chain which, it is hoped, will make ever one the countries of his Ma jesty's dominions. ^ The fact that my father during his visit to Ceylon in 1875 laid the foundation-stone of the great breakwater which has so largely contributed to the growth and prosperity of Colombo gives me special interest in its wel fare. The rapid expansion of the city throws a constantly-increasing responsibility upon its municipal administration. I have no doubt that you discharge your duties with that intel ligent appreciation of the needs of a growing ' To the Municipal Council. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 3 community in modern times which charac terizes the other municipalities of the Empire. ^ I congratulate you on the general com mercial prosperity of the island, favoured in its climate and the fertility of its soil, and happy in the enterprise and industry of its planters. The producing powers of Ceylon have steadily increased, until to-day her trade and shipping are more than double what they were at the time of my last visit here in 1882. Meanwhile, the harbour works, inaugurated by my father in 1875, have been vigorously pushed forward; and the railway and other land com munications have been extended. Yet, emin ently satisfactory as is such a condition of affairs, never, perhaps, was there greater scope for the work of those highly responsible bodies to which you belong. We live in an age of competition. The struggle between nations is one not of arms, but of trade; and it is to Chambers of Com- ^ To the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce. 4 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE merce, the eyes and ears of our national com mercial system, that we turn for help and guidance. They it is who can collect and promptly distribute information, stimulate the home manufacturer towards meeting the wants of the consumer, watch over and protect their local interests, and bring to the solution of the vast and complex problems of inter national trade their knowledge, experience, and counsel. Kandy ( I '^th April) : ^ One of the most pleasant memories of my visit to Ceylon nineteen years ago in company with my dear brother is the loyal and enthusi astic reception accorded to us by the planters of Ceylon. The same kindly spirit has been displayed towards the Duchess and me on this occasion ; and we sincerely thank you for your hearty welcome and for the loyal sentiments expressed in your address. In 1882, the great ' To the Planters of Ceylon. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 5 tea cultivation was yet in its infancy, and the Ceylon planters were still engaged with the one hand in combating the disease which threatened their staple — coffee — and with the other in seeking for new products to replace or to supplement it. To add to these difficulties came a serious financial crisis ; but the com bination of misfortunes was faced with intelli gent and skilful resource, with that pluck, patience, and determination which have ever characterized the planters of Ceylon. It is owing to these qualities that your pro ducts have won the high position in the markets of the world which they now enjoy. I feel sure you are fully alive to the necessity, in these days of keen competition, of maintain ing the same high standard of skill and energy in order to keep and to extend the position you have secured. ' I confide to your keeping this colour, not ^ Presentation of Colours to Ceylon Mounted Infantry, and of South African war medals. 6 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE only as a record of past services, but as an emblem of patriotism, loyalty, and brother hood, round which you may rally whenever occasion shall arise for you again to give your services for the defence of the interests of the Empire. I regret that, as hostilities still con tinue, many of your comrades cannot be pre sent to-day. There are some, alas, who can only be here in memory. We sympathize heartily with all who mourn dear ones, such as Lieutenant Thomas, one of three brothers belonging to an old and respected planter family, and others who have laid down their lives or sacrificed their health, following the call of duty. I take this opportunity of ac knowledging the valuable services rendered by the planters. They not only sent a large num ber of volunteers to the front, but they formed among themselves a rifle club, which I am glad to see represented here to-day, for the protec tion of your own shores against a possible foe. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 7 Melbourne {'jth May): ^ I am deeply touched by your references to the mournful event which has so recently plunged the whole Empire into grief and mourning, the death of my beloved and re vered grandmother, the Queen. Her Majesty's great qualities and wise rule have proved an inestimable blessing to the people over whom she reigned for over half a century, and have left a noble example to her successors for all time. I join with you in the hope that the journey which we have undertaken may not only be fraught with much pleasure and interest to ourselves, but may also have the effect of pro moting in no small degree the unity and solid arity of the King's dominions. The happiness which I enjoyed during my former visit to Australia in company with my dear brother is ever fresh in my memory. ' To the Corporation of Melbourne. 8 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE COMMONWEALTH PARLIAMENT^ Gentlemen of the Senate, and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives, — My beloved and deeply-lamented grandmother. Queen Vic toria, had desired to mark the importance of the opening of this, the first Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, and to manifest her special interest in all that concerns the welfare of her loyal subjects in Australia, by granting to me a special commission to open the first session. That commission had been duly signed before the sad event which has ^ The opening of Parliament at Melbourne, 9th May. It is said that the Prince shook hands with 4,000 persons in one morning at Melbourne, and that, when a rest was suggested by one of his suite, he replied : " Oh, no, I'll see it through.'' THE IMPERIAL TOUR 9 plunged the whole Empire in mourning; and the King, my dear father, fully sharing her late Majesty's wishes, decided to give effect to them. Though his Majesty stated on the oc casion of his opening his first Parliament that a separation from his son at such a time could not be otherwise than deeply painful to him, his Majesty has been pleased to consent to this separation, moved by his sense of the loyalty and devotion which prompted the generous aid afforded by all the colonies in the South African War, both in its earlier and more recent stages, and of the splendid bravery of the colonial troops. It is also his Majesty's wish to acknowledge the readiness with which ships of the Special Australian Squadron were placed at his disposal for service in China, and the valuable assistance rendered there by the naval contingents of the several colonies. His Majesty further desired in this way to testify his heartfelt gratitude for the warm sympathy extended by every part of his dominions to himself and his family in the irreparable loss ID THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE which they have sustained by the death of his beloved mother. His Majesty has watched with the deepest interest the social and material progress made by his people in Australia, and has see n with thankfulness and heartfelt satisfaction the completion of that political union of which this Parliament is the embodiment. The King is satisfied that the wisdom and patriotism which have characterized the exercise of the wide powers of self-government hitherto enjoyed by the Colonies will continue to be displayed in the exercise of the still wider powers with which the united Commonwealth has been fully en dowed. His Majesty feels assured that the enjoyment of these powers will, if possible, enhance the loyalty and devotion to his Throne and Empire of which the people of Australia have already given such signal proof. It is his Majesty's earnest prayer that this union, so happily achieved, may, under God's blessing, prove an instrument for still further promoting the welfare and advancement of his subjects in THE IMPERIAL TOUR ii Australia, and for the strengthening and con solidation of his Empire. Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives, it affords me much pleasure to convey to you this message from his Majesty : " My thoughts are with you on this auspicious occasion. I wish the Com monwealth of Australia every happiness and prosperity." I now, in his Majesty's name and on his behalf, declare this Parliament open. 12 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE ''HAVE COURAGE, BE THOROUGH!" Victoria Scottish College (14/^ May): My young friends, on these occasions we are, I think, sometimes apt to forget the un successful. Many of these have no doubt been equally assiduous, thus meriting no less praise than their more fortunate competitors. They, also, have my best wishes. We cannot all be winners. I would say to them. Have courage, and to all. Do not relax your efforts. Let both success and failure serve to stimulate to new endeavours, for this is an age of keen competition, intellectual and phy sical ; and we look to you, the rising genera tion, not only to hold and to keep what your forefathers have bequeathed to you, but to push ahead, ever striving to promote what is good and what is beneficial to the cause of civilization, and to moral and material pro- THE IMPERIAL TOUR 13 gress. Public school life develops in many ways that characteristic which conduces to national greatness. From it we learn dis cipline, whether in the class-room or in the playing field. It generates manliness and that courage which begets truthfulness, esprit de corps, and the faculty of sticking together, the combination of which qualities, whether in men or nations, must tend towards pre-emi nence. You whom I address will, please God, re member longest the stirring and historical events of the past days, and many of you may, by your lives and example, influence the growth and development of the Common wealth whose birth you have witnessed. Keep up your traditions, and think with pride of those educated in your schools who have be come distinguished public servants of the State, or who have fought or are still fighting for the Empire in South Africa and China. May your lives be happy and prosperous, but do not forget that the youngest of us have our 14 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE responsibilities, which increase as time goes on. If I may offer you advice, I should say, Be thorough, do your level best in whatever work you may be called on to perform. Re member that we are all fellow-subjects of the British Crown. Be loyal, yes, to your parents, your country, your king, and your God ! Brisbane (20^^ May): ^ It is gratifying to observe the progress Queensland has made, a progress which has enhanced rather than diminished that charac teristic loyalty of its people to the Throne and to the Empire to which the gallantry of her sons has of late rendered such inestimable ser vice. I fully share your confidence in the great future in store for the Commonwealth, and it has been a great pleasure to me to be entrusted with a mission which has so prominently associ ated me, as representative of His Majesty King Edward, with the inauguration of the Federal ' To the Municipality. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 15 Legislature. I again offer you our hearty thanks for your cordial welcome, and trust that this renewal of my acquaintance with the people of Queensland will be as happily remembered by them as it will assuredly be by us. ^ I trust that the record of progress which your borough presents may continue unbroken, and that in the future, as in the past, its citizens will enjoy the inestimable boon of an energetic and enlightened municipal admin istration. I note with special satisfaction your recogni tion of the position of your community as a sharer not only in the advantages, but also in the responsibilities, of the Empire to which you belong. Like other communities of Aus tralia, you have proved the sincerity of your sentiments by ready action and generous sacri fices. As you are aware, it is one of the special objects of my mission to Australia to ^ Visit to South Brisbane. i6 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE express to you and to the rest of His Majesty's subjects in the Commonwealth the pleasure and gratitude with which the King and the people of the Motherland welcome your deter mination to becoming active partners in the Empire. I thank you sincerely for your kind expressions with regard to the Duchess and myself, for whatever sacrifices we had to make in undertaking this visit are fully compensated by the heartiness and cordiality of the recep tions we have everywhere met with, and by the clear manifestation of the resolution of the people of Australia to adhere to the great principle you quote, "One life, one flag, one fleet, one throne ! " ^ Queensland, indeed, gave ample proof of her loyalty when she came forward, the first of the Australian Colonies, and offered her assistance to the Mother Country in the South African War. ' At Government House, Brisbane. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 17 I regret that it is not possible for us further to prolong our stay in Queensland, but I am glad to know that we shall have the oppor tunity of seeing some of the varied products of its fertile soil as well as of its industries. I heartily sympathize with you in the severe trial which you have experienced during the last six years of drought, and congratulate you that it has been partially broken; and I earnestly trust that through Divine Providence prosperity may be speedily restored through out the land. Since my last visit I find that the trade and commerce of Queensland have increased beyond all expectations ; and I feel sure that your authorities will in the future do all in their power to foster and promote the commercial relations between the State and the Mother Country and the Empire at large. Sydney (29M May) : ^ Circumstances have arisen which have en- ' To the Sydney Corporation. C i8 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE abled us to see more of New South Wales than was at first anticipated; and, though our visit to your country and district has been in the strictest sense of the word a transitory one, I am, nevertheless, in the position to congratu late you on being citizens of a State so remark able for its beauty, and so richly endowed by nature with all the elements of a great and prosperous future. The review of yesterday gave me a gratifying opportunity of seeing the army of the Mother State, and also en abled me to form an opinion of the material of those splendid contingents which were organ ized and despatched to South Africa from among your citizens, and that rendered ser vices of which you have every reason to be proud, and which earned the lasting gratitude and admiration of your Sovereign, and your fellow-countrymen at home. I fervently trust that the great work which has been accom plished by your statesmen and your people, and in the consummation of which I was privi leged to assist, may, with God's help, prove THE IMPERIAL TOUR 19 a daily increasing blessing, and give to your vast continent, and to the Empire generally, greater strength, greater prosperity, and last ing peace. ^ In the first place, I like to hope that pos sibly my presence here to-day may conduce, even though in the smallest degree, to the ad vancement of the great work which it is hoped will be accomplished by the Prince Alfred Hospital. Then, I am proud to think that, whether I turn to the past history of the hos pital, or try to look into its future, I find a close association between it and my family. His Majesty the King is its patron. It found its birth in the loyal outburst of thankfulness on the part of the people of Sydney for the re covery of my dear uncle, the Duke of Edin burgh, from the dangerous results of an attack on his life. In the title, the Queen Victoria ^ Laying the foundation-stone of the Queen Victoria Memorial Pavilion, Sydney, 31st May. 20 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE Memorial Pavilion, chosen for the new build ings, you identify them with the ever imperish able memory of our late dearly loved Sovereign. I doubt whether in the circumstances any more fitting memorial of that great life could have been chosen, for sympathy with sufferers was an all-pervading element of the noble and beautiful character of her who was your first patron, and with whose name this hospital will now be associated for all time. The rapidly growing population of your city brings a daily increasing demand on such an establishment, and it is hoped that the new additions will meet the pressing needs for further accommodation. I am glad to learn that, thanks to generous people, the necessary funds have now been almost guaranteed ; and I feel confident that you will gladly join me in offering hearty congratulations to Professor Stuart and his brother directors, for such liberal support may be taken as a proof of the recognition by the Government and the com munity at large of the inestimable benefits THE IMPERIAL TOUR 21 which have been conferred on our suffering fellow-creatures by the institution whose direc tion so fittingly rests in their hands. Auckland {nth June): •' The readiness and promptitude with which the Government and people of New Zealand sprang to the assistance of the Mother Coun try in the struggle which is still unhappily proceeding in South Africa will ever be re membered with gratitude by his Majesty and the people of the United Kingdom. Your action in that matter has proved to the world that your appreciation of the benefits you enjoy as citizens of the British Empire will, whenever the occasion arises, be shown by deeds, not words, and that you are prepared to share in the responsibility of maintaining the glorious traditions and heritage which is ^ Reply to address presented by Mr. Seddon on be half of the people of New Zealand. 22 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE your birthright as much as that of the people of the Motherland. I am glad to learn that the inhabitants of New Zealand are prosperous and happy, and that the Maoris, whose numbers are now in creasing, are living in complete amity with their fellow-subjects, and are co-operating with them in the work of self-government. The inclusion in this Colony of the Cook and other Islands is a step which, I understand, has the full concurrence of their inhabitants; and the same wise and sympathetic system of govern ment which has secured the contentment and happiness of the Maoris will, I have no doubt, be of lasting advantage to the people of those islands. ^ It gives us very great pleasure to have at last reached your shores, and to receive in your oldest and most populous city addresses of welcome from its representative bodies, and ^ Reply to addresses from various public bodies pre sented at Government House. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 23 from those of the Auckland district. I look forward to making known to his Majesty how strong I have found the feeling of com mon brotherhood and readiness to share the responsibilities of the Empire; and I earnestly trust that the result of my journey may be to stimulate the interest of the different countries in each other, and to draw even closer the bonds which now unite them together. I am, indeed, touched by your feeling allu sions to the great life and cherished memory of our late beloved Queen. Her Majesty, ever mindful that New Zealand was the first new possession acquired after her accession, watched with thankfulness and satisfaction the courage and perseverance of its early pioneers, its steady development and pro gress, and the growth of good understanding between the two races ; and before the close of her glorious reign she was proud to know that they were living together harmoniously, and vying with each other in loyalty to the Throne. Though we have now reached the farthest 24 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE point from home, I am dertain that nowhere does the heart of the people beat more warmly to the Mother Country. You have testified to this in your acts ; and it is with true satis faction that I come here expressing to you those feelings of gratitude so keenly enter tained by our ever-lamented Sovereign, and equally shared by his Majesty the King, for the noble manner in which New Zealand de sired a place for her gallant sons in the fore front of the battlefields of South Africa. You have the proud satisfaction of knowing that from these islands has been despatched a force which, in proportion to the population, was larger than that from any other of his Majesty's Colonies. Many, alas, have not returned to receive the loving welcome of their proud fellow-countrymen. To their families I would ask to offer my sincerest sympathy; may some comfort be found in the thought that their names are added to the nation's roll of fame, for each one, trooper or officer, has given his life in the noble cause of duty. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 25 I rejoice to learn that your country is pro sperous, and that trade and commerce flourish; and I feel confident that, in these days of keen competition, your responsible authorities will do all in their power to maintain and to pro mote the best commercial interests of the Empire. ^ I congratulate the Governor on having brought about this union of what, perhaps, I may be allowed to call the past and the pre sent. I am proud to think that I meet here to-day not only you fine old soldiers who, after serving your Queen in various cam paigns, chose your homes in New Zealand, but also your sons, who, inspired by the gallant spirit of their fathers, and keen to emulate their deeds, have, when their turn came, cheerfully given their services in de fence of the old flag. Yes, I say, I am proud ' In answer to the proposal of the toast of "The King and Queen, and the Duke and Duchess of Corn wall " by the Governor. 26 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE to be addressing two generations of soldiers. I like what my friend Mr. Seddon would call your " continuity of policy." There is nothing like a chip of the old block. One knows that the old block was wood of good grain, and sound to the core. And if in the future, when ever and wherever the mother hand is stretched across the sea, it can reckon on a grasp such as New Zealand has given in the present in stance — well, I think you all agree with me that the dear old country can look ahead with confidence. It was a most pleasant duty to me to pre sent, on behalf of the King, the South African medals to those whom I see at the other end of the hall to-day. May you live to wear the decorations as long as, I am glad to see, your seniors here present have worn theirs ! May every blessing be given to you all, soldiers old and young ! I will now ask you to drink a toast to the veterans, and also to those troopers who have returned from South Africa. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 27 TO THE MAORI CHIEFS Rotorua {i2,thjune): The Duke said he thanked the Maoris for their warm welcome, and explained how the late Queen, who was mourned by all races of the Empire, had desired the Duchess and himself to visit her peoples beyond the seas, and to express her gratitude for the loyal spirit they had shown in standing side by side with their brethren in the field of battle, and how the King, though naturally reluctant to part from his children, had said he would not allow her wishes to remain unfulfilled. The Duke thanked the Maoris for the loving sympathy so reverently expressed by them, heartily accepting in the name of the King their renewed oath of allegiance and pledges of loyalty. His Majesty, he added, wished to see the peoples under his rule living together 28 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE in bonds of peace and friendship, and he prayed that they might continue to be united for the permanent good of the Empire. In conclusion, his Royal Highness assured the Maoris that he and the Duchess would carry away from their brief visit to Maoriland lasting memories of the loyal affection and generous kindness of the Maori people, to whom he wished peace, prosperity, and every blessing. ^ The Duke of Cornwall and York expressed the highest appreciation of the dances, adding that he had come many miles to see them. He believed they were the greatest novelty he had seen on his trip. He was greatly pleased, and would never forget their kindness. He would tell the King of all he had witnessed, and expressed the wish that God might for ever and ever protect the Maoris and give them prosperity. ' Presentation of medals to thirty-nine Chiefs, and the Maori Members of Parliament, 15th June. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 29 PIONEERS AND PENSIONERS Wellington {igthjune): The Duke, replying to addresses, said that though it was their first visit, it did not seem to himself and the Duchess that they came as strangers. The warmth of friendliness ex tended to them both from the moment they set foot in the country had made them feel already at home among the people. His Majesty the King and the whole nation would never forget how the flower of New Zealand's manhood, abandoning personal avocations and civilian life, promptly and with eagerness hastened to arms in support of the Mother land, and how gallantly they fought and died in the Empire's service. The vitality and prosperity of the Colony, as evinced by its new works, must be gratify- 30 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE ing to the survivors of the first pioneers, whose address he had received with much interest and satisfaction. To the pluck and perse verance of these men and their fellow- workers must be attributed to a large extent the flour ishing condition of the Colony. During the past week the Duchess and he had experienced great pleasure in becoming acquainted with the Maori people, by whom they had been received with an enthusiasm and kindness which had greatly touched them. They re joiced to think that this splendid race was living in peace and contentment in steadily improving conditions under British rule. His Royal Highness concluded with the Maori friendly greeting, "Kiora." Christchurch {22,rd June) : ^ I am especially interested in the greeting accorded to us by the old age pensioners of ^ In answer to addresses presented by the Mayor, and Old Age Pensioners. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 31 this district. The working of the system which has been established in New Zealand is being closely watched in the Mother Country ; and I am glad to be able to gather some informa tion respecting it during our visit. It is a great pleasure to us to come among you and to see for ourselves the remarkable progress which has been made by this city and district since the Canterbury Pilgrims landed here fifty years ago. ^ We are happy to be here and to be associ ated with this tribute of affection to the late dearly-beloved Queen. I should say to you : ' ' Teach your children to look up to it as a memorial of her whose life was a noble ex ample of devotion to duty, of tender sympathy with and loving regard for the well-being of her people and all its priceless heritage." ' After laying the foundation-stone of the statue of Queen Victoria. 32 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE SCOT AS COLONIST Dunedin {2^th June) : ^ If proofs were needed of their loyalty they had been given a hundredfold in the gallant services rendered to the Empire by their sons and brothers, and in the glorious and unfading memory of their loved ones who, alas! slept on the African veldt. The great and noble life of the late Queen would be found one of the most certain sources of that spirit of loyalty and unity, and of that solemn determination to share a common burden, which had now de clared itself with such irresistible force through out the free nations which formed the British Empire. He had greatly looked forward to visiting ' In reply to addresses presented by the Burns Club, and other Scottish societies. -THE IMPERIAL TOUR 33 this favoured district of New Zealand, know ing that he would find here a community of pure Scottish origin. His Royal Highness paid a high tribute to the national inborn capacity for colonization, and said that they had not only transplanted their national institutions, but had infused into their new life that cour age, perseverance, and tenacity of purpose which, together with the spirit of enterprise, were inherent characteristics of their race. They had converted a mere hamlet, on which they had conferred the Celtic name of that fairest of cities, the historic capital which was the pride of Scotland, into one of the most progressive communities in the Colony. They had proved that their hearts still beat strongly for the Mother Country. The fourth contingent which they sent to South Africa was renowned, manned, as it was, by their sons, and equipped and mounted by the gen erosity of the people of the province; while Dunedin stood unique in having sent so many brave daughters to tend the sick and wounded. D 34 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE He most heartily reciprocated their hope that his visit would enhance the spirit of goodwill which should bind in one great solid union of hearts the scattered portions of the Empire. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 35 IN ME MORI AM Hobart (a^th July): ^ They had met to do honour to their gallant brothers who had fallen in South Africa. Tas mania had every reason to be proud of the services she had rendered to the Empire, for nearly six hundred officers and men had left the island for the war, and this force had en joyed the honourable and unique distinction of having gained the first two Victoria Crosses- which had been bestowed on members of the Colonial Corps in the campaign. Of this splendid muster sixteen, alas, had not re turned, and it was to perpetuate their memory that they were assembled. The memorial was not only a tribute to the dead, but also a tes- ' On laying the foundation-stone of a monument to soldiers who had fallen in the South African War. 36 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE timony to the living spirit and pride of race of their gallant comrades. Their names would be engraved, not only on the monument, but also on the hearts of their loving fellow-coun trymen. Adelaide {loth July): He was proud that the Duchess was the first Princess of the Royal House to visit that great continent, and gratified that he was permitted to put the finishing touch to the last great work of the Queen — the establishment of the Australian Commonwealth. He bore a mes sage of gratitude from the Motherland for the gallant self-sacrifice of those States that hastened to arms in South Africa. He found in the diary of his voyage twenty years ago that the South Australians had volunteered to ^o to the Transvaal, and had meant it, too, but that the home government had declined the offer. The Colony evidently considered it self to be a real living portion of the Empire, quite willing to share the burden of citizenship THE IMPERIAL TOUR 37 with the Mother Country. Their deeds had more than fully proved how true was his inter pretation of the spirit of that offer. He noted with interest and satisfaction the presence of the survivors of the first settlers ; and he trusted that the several States of the Commonwealth would grow ever stronger and more united in working out the great destiny of the race for the spread of freedom, peace, progress, and civilization. Perth {2T,rd July): It fills me with pride and satisfaction that, in one of the last public acts in which I take part before leaving Australia, I join with you in putting a stone to the memory of your fellow-countrymen who have fallen in the war, and in offering the deepest sympathy to all who have lost their loved ones. During those anxious days at the close of 1899, nothing was more cheering than the eagerness of the citi zens of Australia to see the Mother Country through the difficulties confronting her in 38 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE South Africa. This determination to take part in the defence of the great Empire indicated a fresh starting-point in your history, so appro priately inaugurated with the new political birth of the Commonwealth. In no portion of the whole Empire was this spirit more enthusi astically manifested than in Western Aus tralia; and deeds have fully justified the praise of a well-known author who said that, through out the whole of the African army, there was nothing but the utmost admiration for the dash and spirit of the hard-riding sons of Australia and New Zealand, and that in a host which held many brave men none were braver than they. I would like to see throughout the land memorials, no matter how humble, which should constitute emblems of patriotism, self- sacrifice, and brotherhood, round which, in the hour of danger, the youth and manhood of succeeding generations might rally in the resolve to follow the noble example of those who had given their all, their lives, to their King and country. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 39 Mauritius {e^th August): His Royal Highness said that he had noted with especial satisfaction, from the addresses of those non-European communities who made their home in Mauritius, that they were living in contentment under the rule of their King and Emperor. He had looked forward with keen interest to visiting their beautiful island, rich with its honourable traditions in history, literature, and statesmanship, and proud of its association with the naval achievements that shed equal glory on Great Britain and France. The Duke expressed his sympathy with the combination of adversities which they had suffered in the past ten years. The whole Empire had watched with sympathetic ad miration the constancy and courage by which they overcame their difficulties and contributed to the relief of their suffering fellow-subjects in India, the West Indies, and South Africa. He rejoiced to know that a day of brighter promise had dawned, that the great staple of 40 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE the island continued to enjoy its long-estab lished reputation, and that it was their earnest endeavour to keep pace with the rest of the Empire in maintaining its commercial and mercantile pre-eminence; and he trusted that the people of Mauritius would ever remain a united, loyal, and prosperous community. Durban (13/A August): Ample and lasting testimony of the strength of your loyalty and patriotism has been given in the noble sacrifices which you have made in defence of his Majesty's dominions during the lamentable struggle which is unhappily not yet ended. Our heartfelt sympathy is with all who mourn for their dear ones who have given their lives for the cause of the Empire. It affords the Duchess and myself much pleasure to visit for the first time your Colony and to witness the great development which has been accomplished through the enterprise and industry of the inhabitants. I earnestly THE IMPERIAL TOUR 41 trust that these efforts will be blessed with the prosperity which they justly merit, and that peace and unity may prevail throughout the land. 42 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE DEFENCE OF LADYSMITH Pietermaritzburg {\\th August): Among these addresses is one which is surrounded with especial interest, for it speaks on behalf of the people of Ladysmith. Up to the later days of 1899 the name of that little town was scarcely known outside the limit of your Colony, but from the 2nd of November of that year it became day by day the very centre of interest and anxious concern in the eyes of the whole Empire. It was rigorously invested during 118 days, and heroically and with dogged resolve kept the flag flying and resisted the attacks of the enemy, of hunger, and of disease; while the outside world looked on with breathless suspense, at times hardly daring to hope, at the repeated gallant attempts to bring relief. It was the stubborn defence of THE IMPERIAL TOUR 43 that outwork which stayed the advance against the Capital of your country; and, in thanking the people of Ladysmith for their loyal address, I can confidently give expression to the un dying gratitude of their fellow-subjects for the noble manner in which they shared with their brethren in arms the glorious defence of that ever memorable siege. ^ Here, at the heart of the Colony, the thought comes home with increased intensity how few among those I am addressing have not suffered and made sacrifices on account of the war. We offer our deepest sympathy to all who sent their dear ones to the front, never to re turn. The sacrifices have not been in vain. Never in our history did the pulse of the Empire beat more in unison, and the blood which has been shed on the veldt has sealed for ever our unity, based on a common loyalty and determination to share, each according to The opening of the Town Hall. 44 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE his strength, the common burden. It is our fervent hope that peace may soon be restored throughout the continent of South Africa, and that Natal may continue to advance along her former paths of progress, happiness, and prosperity. ^ He had long looked forward to meeting the Chiefs of the Zulu people, and he was glad to receive their declarations of loyalty to their King. It was especially gratifying to receive such assurances from those whom they had found to be worthy foes, and who had proved themselves to be loyal and faithful subjects. His Royal Highness proceeded as follows: I am deeply touched by your words of loving sorrow for the loss of your illustrious mother, the Queen. I share in your grief, knowing as I do how warm and tender was her heart towards her native children; but I 1 In reply to an address presented by seventy chiefs from Natal and Zululand. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 45 do not think that with this great calamity the sun has set for ever. It has risen again in the reign of the great King, my father, who will watch over you with the same unceasing care, and to whom I will convey the assurances of your devoted attachment to his Throne and person. Repeat carefully the words I have spoken to those not here to-day. We shall carry away with us to our home across the sea the memory of this meeting and of the kindness you have shown us. We bid you farewell. We shall for ever pray God for the welfare of your people. Capetown (19/A August) : The fact that during the last two years you have been passing through such troublous times, and that, in addition to your other trials, the Colony has suffered from an out break of plague, from which it is not yet entirely free, might well have detracted from the warmth of your greeting; but, in despite of all your trials and sufferings, you have 46 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE offered us a welcome the warmth and cordi ality of which we shall never forget. I should also like to express our admiration of the ap pearance the City of Capetown presents to day. Apart from their tasteful decoration, the principal streets through which we have passed offer an aspect very different from that which they possessed twenty years ago when I visited your Colony. I congratulate you on the abundant evidence of the progress achieved during that time, and notably on your trade and commerce and the development of your harbours and railways. I greatly deplore the continuance of the lamentable struggle which has so long pre vailed within South Africa, and for the speedy termination of which the whole community fervently prays. During this time you have had to make grievous sacrifices. Numbers have personally suffered trials and privations, while many of the flower of your manhood have fallen in the service of their King and Country. To all who have been bereaved of THE IMPERIAL TOUR 47 their dear ones by the war we offer our heart felt sympathy and condolence. May time, the great healer, bring consolation. That South Africa may soon be delivered from the troubles which beset her is our most earnest prayer, and that ere long the only struggle she knows will be eager rivalry in the arts of peace, and in striving to promote good government and the well-being of the community. 48 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE IN FRENCH CANADA Quebec {i^th September): It is my proud mission here in the ancient and historic capital of Canada, hallowed, as you say, by the struggles of nations and en riched by the blood of heroes such as Wolfe and Montcalm, to come among you as a token of that feeling of admiration and pride with which the King and the whole Empire have seen the sons of the Dominion rallying round the flag of their common allegiance. They have fought to secure for their fellow-subjects the same freedom and liberty which they on their part have secured and vindicated for them selves. The blood of your gallant sons has not been shed in vain, for posterity will never forget that of the Canadians was recorded their magnificent tenacity in attack, and that THE IMPERIAL TOUR 49 to them the credit was immediately due that the flag on the anniversary of Majuba Day fluttered over the Boer lines at Paardeberg. May we not take it to heart, in the belief that the blood shed on that and other battle-fields in South Africa may, like that shed by your fathers in 1775 and 181 2, weave fresh strands in the cord of brotherhood that binds together our glorious Empire? I rejoice to hear that the depression from which your city and port have so long suffered has now passed away; and I earnestly trust that in the future pro sperity may crown the enterprise and industry of its citizens. I take this, the first, opportunity to express, in common with the whole civilized world, my horror at the detestable crime ' which has plunged into mourning the great and friendly nation on your border, and has robbed the United States of the precious life of their first Magistrate in the midst of the fulfilment of 1 The assassination of President McKinley. E 50 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE the high and honourable duties of his proud position. The Duchess and I share with you to the fullest extent the feelings of sympathy which you have manifested towards a people with whom we are connected by ties of kin ship and of national esteem; and our hearts go out to the widow and bereaved family of their late distinguished and beloved President. ^ He was glad to acknowledge the noble part which the Roman Catholic Church of Canada had played throughout its history. Referring to the signal service which the Church had rendered to Canada and the Em pire, the Duke said: Abundant proof of the success of your efforts has been afforded by the readiness with which the French Canadians have sprung to arms and shed their blood, not only in times long gone by, but also in the present day, on behalf of their King and his ^ On receiving the degree of LL.D. at Laval Uni versity. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 51 Empire. If the Crown has faithfully and hon ourably fulfilled its engagement to protect and to respect your faith, the Catholic Church has amply fulfilled its obligation not only to teach reverence for law and order, but also to instil sentiments of loyalty and devotion into the minds of those to whom it ministers. I am deeply sensible of the honour which I have received at your hands, and I shall value it all the more that it is one which I shall share with my father. You may rest assured that I shall ever watch with the keenest interest and sympathy the work of Laval University. Montreal {i8tA September): It is gratifying to me to hear that in this, the commercial metropolis of Canada, two great races form one happy and united com munity, and that you joyously accept the obligations of your proud membership of the British Empire. A notable proof of this spirit of patriotism is to be found in your past his tory, and in the gallant deeds and noble sacri- 52 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE fices which have given Canada so honourable a place in the roll of fame which is contained in the records of the British Army in South Africa. ^ It will be gratifying to the King to receive from you, as representing this part of the Dominion National Church of England, a renewal of your assurance of devotion to his Throne, and to know that by your zealous, patient, and self-sacrificing labour is main tained in Canada the noble tradition of the Anglican Church. ' In reply to an address read by the Bishop of Toronto at the Provincial Synod, on 19th September. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 53 FREEDOM AND FEDERATION Ottawa {20th September): ^ Standing here in the capital of Canada, in the shadow of this noble pile, it is impossible without a feeling of pride to reflect how far short of the actual results were the hopes and aspirations of that day, now more than forty years ago, when the corner-stone was laid by my dear father. Ottawa was then but the capi tal of provinces yoked together in an uneasy union. To-day it is the capital of a great and prosperous Dominion stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, the centre of the political life and administration of a con- ' In reply to addresses presented at Parliament Build ings from the cities of Ottawa and Hull and other neighbouring towns, the Canadians of Massachusetts, and the Oj'ibway Indians. 54 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE tented and united people. The federation of Canada stands pre-eminent among the political events of the century just closed for its fruitful and beneficent results on the life of the people concerned. As, in ancient times, by the union of Norman and Saxon the English nation was produced, so by the federation of Canada the two great nations which form its population have been welded into a harmonious people, and afforded free play and opportunity to con tribute each its best service to the public well- being. Creditable as this achievement is to the practical wisdom and patriotism of the states men who founded the Union, and who have since guided its destinies, it is no less honour able to the people on whose support they had to rely, and who have, in a spirit of mutual toleration and sympathy, sustained them in the great work of union. This spirit is no less necessary now than it was in the past; and I am confident that the two races will continue, each according to its special genius THE IMPERIAL TOUR 55 and opportunity, to aid and to co-operate in building up the great edifice of which the foundations have been so well and truly laid since the federation was accomplished. Proofs are apparent on every side, and I rejoice to know that the unexampled prosperity of this, the first year of the century, has crowned the abundant years you have recently enjoyed. May we not believe that this feeling is shared by your fellow-subjects throughout the Empire, now united as it never was before, and becom ing more and more conscious and appreciative of those ties of common interest and sympathy that bind it together, and more than ever determined to hold fast and to maintain the proud privileges of British citizenship? ^ It is with great pleasure that the Duchess and myself assist at the inauguration of the national monument to our late dearly-loved ' On unveiling the statue of Queen Victoria on Parlia ment Hill on 2ist September. 56 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE Queen. May each succeeding generation look up to this beautiful statue with feelings of gratitude for all that her long and glorious reign achieved for Canada, and with loving respect and admiration for the bright example she bequeathed to them. In that great and noble life she was, as has been truly said, the mother of her people. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 57 OUT WEST Winnipeg (26^^ September) : The pleasant associations which you hope we shall derive from our visit will be empha sized by the interesting experience of our first acquaintance with the Canadian West, and by the memory of to-day's welcome to its chief city. During our long and memorable journey to the extreme eastern, and thence to the far western limit of our vast Empire, we have seen everywhere many and varied proofs of its steady but certain progress, both material and political; but I doubt whether, in the whole course of that experience, a more striking ex ample is to be found than in the comparison of the Fort Garry of our childhood with the Winnipeg of to-day, then, as you say, "a village hamlet in a solitude " broken only by 58 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE the presence of the passing hunter and fur- trader, to-day the busy centre of what has become the great granary of the Empire, and the political centre of an active and enterpris ing population in full enjoyment of the privi leges and institutions of British citizenship. I rejoice that we have come among you at a time when we can join in the congratulations of your fellow subjects on the year of unprece dented prosperity which you are enjoying; and we pray that the years to come may show no diminution of that prosperity, or of that energy and determination which have charac terized the pioneers and settlers in this province. Regina {21th September) : We are glad to find ourselves here in a town whose name will be for ever linked with the memory of our beloved and deeply-mourned Queen. We have been greatly interested in our journey through this boundless land, rich and fertile in its soil, great in its possibilities THE IMPERIAL TOUR 59 of development; and we look forward to the time when it may be the home of a great, prosperous, and loyal people. Contrasting the free, healthy, and useful life which is en joyed in the country with the narrow and, alas, too often unwholesome existence of the thousands in our great cities at home, one cannot help wishing that the prospects here offered were more widely known and more freely taken advantage of. 6o THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE TO THE INDIAN CHIEFS Calgary (29^?/^ September): Chiefs and men of the great Blackfeet Con federation, — I have listened with much pleasure and satisfaction to the loyal words of greeting in your address, and shall hasten to convey to my dear father, the great King, your assur ances of loyalty and unswerving devotion. His Government thanks you very much for the welcome you have given the Duchess and me in words that come warm from your hearts. We know of your affection for the beloved Queen who is now no more, the Great Mother who loved you so much, and whose loss makes your hearts bleed and the tears fill your eyes. We know this not alone from your words, but from the steadfast loyalty you displayed at a time when there was trouble in the land, and THE IMPERIAL TOUR 6i when ill-advised persons sought to create dis satisfaction among you, but failed to do so. (Cries of "True" from the chiefs.) The attachment you then showed to the Throne of the Great Oueen has never been and never will be forgotten. The great King, my father, still cherishes the remembrance of your fidelity in those sad days; and it is a source of satis faction and gratification to his Majesty that now, as then, he can regard you as faithful children of the grand Empire of which you form a part. I am glad to learn of the prosperity that now surrounds the Indian's Tepee, and of the beautiful and abundant crops, herds of cattle, and the bands of horses. Those of you who remember the day when the Government of the Great Mother first came to you, or who have heard with your ears what your fathers have said, will recollect that your people were then hungry and wretched. Their pipes were often cold, their tents melancholy. You know that you did not cry to deaf ears, and that the 62 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE Great Mother listened to you and stretched forth her hands to help you; and now these sad faces have passed away never to return. You asked also of the Queen that your children should be educated; and the presence here to day of the children from schools shows how wise you were in proffering that request, and how faithfully and generously your desires have been met. There are few things that have interested me more in this, my journey across the British Empire, than meeting these young Indians; and I am pleased to notice the advances they are making in that civiliza tion which increases the happiness of every man, woman, and child who comes within its influence. You may still have wants such as must every one on this earth ; but your requests will always be patiently listened to by those who have been sent by the King among you. The Indian is a true man, and his words are true words, and he never breaks them. He knows that it is the same with the Great King, THE IMPERIAL TOUR 63 my father, and with those whom he sends to carry out his wishes. His promises last as long as the sun shall shine and water shall flow ; and care will ever be taken that nothing shall come between the love that there is be tween the Great King and you, his faithful children. I have spoken of you as children of our great Empire; and I know that its flag floats on your tents, and that you wear the King's colours. I feel that your . generous hearts have already told you that it is no mean thing to be part of such an Empire, and to share in its glories, its liberty, and its privi leges, as you know that it is an Empire on which the sun never sets, but, rising or setting, shines on the subjects of the Great King; and I wish to assure you that his Majesty, your Great Father, has as much love for you, his children of the setting sun, as for his children of the rising sun. We are glad to have seen you ; and we have come a long way, many thousand miles over the deep waters and across vast prairies to see 64 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE and to speak to you. We shall always re member this day with pleasure, and will only add a prayer that, with the help of the Great Spirit, peace, prosperity, contentment, and happiness may be your lot and rest among you always. From the warmth of your recep tion I feel that you will also long remember this day. The Great King has ordered silver medals to be struck to commemorate the day; and one medal will be presented to each of the head chiefs, which will always be kept by him as long he remains in office, and afterwards by his successor. I wish you "good-bye," and hope you will all return safely to your homes. I have arranged that you shall be supplied with provisions during your stay here and until you are at home again. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 65 EMPIRE AND SELF-GOVERNMENT Victoria, B.C. {ist October): I shall have much pleasure in informing my dear father, the King, with what especial satis faction I have noticed your strong declaration of loyalty to the Constitution, of pride in your heritage in British citizenship, and of your un faltering resolution to share in the responsi bilities of upholding the glory and the integrity of that heritage. I know what proof of this spirit you have already given in the blood of your sons which has been shed on the South African veldt. I am confident that the sacri fices you have made will not be in vain. They have forged another link in the golden chain which binds together the brotherhood of the Empire. 66 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE Toronto (io^^ October): Passing through your brilliantly decorated streets and witnessing your splendid public works, we are reminded of the value of that extended municipal government in the estab lishment of which this province led the way, and which it has so thoroughly developed. I rejoice to think of the prosperity, material progress, and intellectual advancement which characterize the general condition of Ontario at the opening of a new century, and to know that side by side with this progress is a spirit of deep contentment and unswerving loyalty. The free and liberal institutions secured to the people of the Dominion have relieved them from the struggle for the right to manage and to control their local affairs. As they have grown in power and influence their aspirations have been lifted to a higher plane, their patriotism has broadened and intensified, they have realized how closely they are concerned in the general welfare of the Empire, and in THE IMPERIAL TOUR 67 no uncertain manner they have shown their readiness to share the task of defending its interests and maintaining its honour and in tegrity. The deeds of your fellow-countrymen during the war in South Africa have, indeed, testified not only to the strength of your loy alty, but also to the strong military instinct and capacity inherent in the sons of the Dom inion. They have fully maintained the noble traditions of your forefathers, who fought for hearth and home under the leadership of the heroic Brock. I have received with pleasure the address from the German residents of Toronto, in which they testify to the appreciation of the advantages of British citizenship. Throughout our long journey we have been interested to find in what high regard German emigrants are held as useful and industrious members of the community in the country of their adop tion. 68 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE Toronto University (iitk October): ^ Looking at this handsome pile of buildings and its ample equipment, we feel that you and the Government of the Province are to be con gratulated on the courage and energy with which you have faced the task of re-creating your university after the disastrous fire to which you refer, and on the success which has crowned your efforts. You have earned the gratitude of all Canadians for the steady ad vance of your steps with the onward march of the mind, throwing wide your doors to welcome whatever may conduce towards the increase of intellectual culture and scientific development. It is a fitting crown to the admirable and com plete system of education of which Ontario justly boasts. I deeply appreciate the high honour of the degree in your distinguished university which you have just conferred on ' After receiving the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws at the University. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 69 me. At the same time you have reminded me that the undergraduates' roll bears the name of my dear father, and I further notice that he has remained in that position for more than forty years (laughter). The Duchess joins me in wishing that, as the years roll on, the Uni versity of Ontario may continue to send forth from its halls not only men of cultured mind, but leaders in thought and in action to take part in guiding the destinies of this Province and of the great Dominion. Kingston, Ont. (15M October): The Dominion has boldly pushed forward a system of liberal and comprehensive educa tion. Considering the enormous area com prised within its limits, it was a wise and far-seeing policy to establish many centres of learning, and so to place within easy reach of all the means of acquiring that higher educa tion and culture which universities alone can furnish. 70 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE St. John, N.B. (17M October): Your forefathers, the founders of this city, gave proof of their loyalty to their King and of their attachment to British institutions by heavy privations and by hardships patiently and heroically borne. The same sentiments animate their descendants at the present day. They have emulated the example of their an cestors in devotion to their Sovereign by serv ices gladly rendered, and by lives nobly sacri ficed to uphold the principles of freedom and justice. I am glad to find, from the kind words of the address from the British societies resid ent in Boston, that, though they have trans ferred their homes to a foreign land, their hearts still beat in sympathy with the aspira tions and ideals of the Empire of their birth. I also rejoice to learn that the people of different origin of this province are living together under happy conditions, united under the old flag, and vying with each other in fealty to the Crown and in upholding those liberties which are the birthright of British citizenship. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 71 THE ELDER COLONIES Halifax, N.S. (19M October): It is, perhaps, fitting that we should take leave of Canada in the province that was the first over which the British flag waved — a province so full of moving and chequered his torical memories — and that in embarking from your capital, which stands unrivalled among the naval ports of the world, we should pass through waters that are celebrated in the an nals of our glorious navy. I am glad to gather from the address of the University of Dalhousie that in the midst of the material prosperity which you happily en joy you have not neglected the interests of higher education. You recognize that nothing is so essential to the advancement of a people as adequate provision for the training which 72 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE will keep the coming generation abreast of the march of intellectual progress and scientific knowledge. In bidding you farewell, we wish to make known how greatly we have been impressed by the affectionate sympathy with which we have been received by the people of the Dominion ; and we pray that the Divine blessing may rest on them and theirs, and on those in whose hands is placed the guidance of its des tinies. ^ It will always be a pleasant remembrance to us that one of the last ceremonies in which we both took part during our long tour throughout the Dominion was to join with the people of Nova Scotia in paying homage to the memory of their fellow-countrymen who bravely gave their lives in defence of the old flag. This monument will also stand as a tes- ' After laying the corner-stone of a memorial erected to soldiers who had fallen in the South African War. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 73 timony of grateful recognition of the gallant services rendered by those of your sons in the South African campaign who, by the mercy of Providence, have been restored to their dear ones at home. They, the dead and the living, have proved themselves to be of the same trusty stock as those who in days gone by fought and died for King and country. The traditions of our great Empire are safe in the keeping of such people, with whom the Duchess and I are proud to have been associated on this memor able occasion. ^ Your regiment bears the name of my dear Aunt, who, I assure you, still cherishes the happiest recollections of the years she spent in Canada. There is, also, additional interest in the fact that the first colours which your regiment carried, and which are to-day re- ' On presenting new colours to the 66th (Princess Louise) Fusiliers. 74 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE placed by these new ones, were presented to it by my great-grandfather, the Duke of Kent, more than a hundred years ago. The old col ours have never been unfurled in the face of an enemy, nor is it likely that any colours will again be taken into action ; but I feel sure that the sentiment which surrounds them is a most precious element in that esprit de corps, to maintain which is the pride of every regiment. Viewed in this light, I look on this trust as no less sacred to-day than it was in the days of old, and I am sure that it will be ever safe in your keeping. St. John's, Newfoundland (24M October): Situated, as you are, without any provision for local defence, you were unable to give the public any significant proof of your loyalty such as was furnished by other parts of the Empire in sending contingents of troops to fight side by side with the regular forces and to win laurels on the battle-fields of South Africa; but you have shown in other ways, no THE IMPERIAL TOUR 75 less helpful, that the feeling which animated them animates you, and that so far as your ability and opportunity extend you are ready and willing to accept the responsibilities at taching to you as members of the Empire to which you are proud to belong. Having so nearly arrived at the close of the long journey, which will form one of the most memorable and interesting chapters in our lives, we join in your expression of gratitude for the Divine protection which has guarded us throughout. Our hearts are full of thank fulness for the abundant personal kindness and affection which have been shown to us, and for the display of that strong feeling of pride in our institutions and our Empire which our tour has afforded us. If further proof were needed of the strength and enduring nature of that feeling, it is furnished by our reception here to-day by a people whose history for more than three hundred years is one of con tinuous and unbroken attachment through many trials and difficulties to the nation from 76 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE which it sprang, and whose loyalty is still as staunch and their devotion as true as it was in the days when their forefathers fought the Great Armada in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. That every success may attend you, that hap piness may remain in your midst, and that prosperity may rest on your land, is my earnest desire and heartfelt prayer. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 77 LOOKING BACKWARD Portsmouth {yd November) : Sir,' I thank you from the bottom of my heart for the more than kind words of welcome in which you have proposed the health of your daughter-in-law and myself. You entrusted me with an important mission, which I was proud to undertake, namely, to open in your name the first Parliament of the Australian Commonwealth, and to take a message to your Dominions beyond the sea, thankirtg them for the valuable services rendered to the Mother Country during the South African campaign. I hasten to take the first opportunity on our arrival here to-day to tell you of the intense and enthusiastic loyalty shown by the people ' In reply to the speech read by King Edward, on board the royal yacht. 78 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE everywhere to you, sir, personally, and to the Throne, as also of their deep love of the Mother Country, which they all speak of as home. Though the majority of them have never been in the Old Country, and probably never will be, they often use the word "home" in speaking of it and teach it to their child ren. If our tour has been a success, which it is not for me to say, it is largely due to the loyal way in which we have been assisted by the ladies and gentlemen who accompanied us. Certainly it was a great privation for us to be so long separated from those dear to us; but if we have gained your approval, sir, and that of the nation, we are indeed fully rewarded for any sacrifices we have made, and any hard work we have gone through in the course of a tour which will ever remain a memorable chapter of our lives. I ask you, ladies and gentlemen, to drink the health of my dear father and mother, the King and Oueen. THE IMPERIAL TOUR 79 'We rejoice to be at home again, and our hearts are full of thankfulness for the protec tion which has been vouchsafed to us during our long and deeply interesting journey. Out of our total number of 577, I regret to say one has been removed by the hand of death. In this moment of happiness we do not forget those who, alas, cannot share in our joy of home-coming. Our journey has extended over 33,000 miles by sea and 12,500 by land. Everywhere we have been profoundly im pressed by the kindness and affectionate enthu siasm extended to us, by the universal declara tions of loyalty to the Throne, and by the conscious pride in membership of our great Empire which so unmistakably declared itself. We have gained great, pleasant, and profit able experience, and we have made many friends. ^May we hope that some good results will be secured by drawing more closely to gether the various parts of the Empire through ^ In reply to an address presented by the Mayor. 8o THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE the sympathy and personal regard which we feel has been developed during the fulfilment of the proud mission entrusted to me by my father the King? "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" THE STRENGTH OF THE EMPIRE ^ I desire to take this opportunity to express our deepest gratitude for the sympathetic in terest with which our journey was followed by our fellow-countrymen at home, and for the warm welcome with which we were greeted on our return. You were good enough, my Lord Mayor, to refer to his Majesty having marked our home-coming by creating me Prince of Wales. I only hope that I may be worthy to hold that ancient and historical title, which was borne by my dear father for upwards of fifty-nine years. My Lord Mayor, you have ' 5th December, 1901. On the occasion of the wel come of the Prince and Princess of Wales at the Guild hall on their return from the Colonies. G 82 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE attributed to us more credit than I think we deserve. For I feel that the debt of gratitude is not the nation's to us, but ours to the King and Government for having made it possible for us to carry out, with every consideration for our comfort and convenience, a voyage unique in its character, rich in the experience gained and in memories of warm and affection ate greetings from the many races of his Majesty's subjects in his great Dominions be yond the seas. And here, in the capital of our great Empire, I would repeat how profoundly touched and gratified we have been by the loyalty, affection, and enthusiasm which in variably characterized the welcome extended to us throughout our long and memorable tour. It may interest you to know that we travelled over 45,000 miles, of which 33,000 were by sea; and I think it is a matter of which all may feel proud that, with the exception of Port Said, we never set foot on any land where the Union Jack did not fly. Leaving England "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 83 in the middle of March, we first touched at Gibraltar and Malta, where, as a sailor, I was proud to meet the two great fleets of the Channel and Mediterranean. Passing through the Suez Canal — a monument of the genius and courage of a gifted son of the great friendly nation across the Channel — we entered at Aden the gateway of the East. We stayed for a short time to enjoy the unrivalled scenery of Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula, the gorgeous displays of their native races, and to see in what happy contentment these various peoples live and prosper under British rule. Perhaps there was something still more striking in the fact that the government, the commerce, and every form of enterprise in these countries are under the leadership and direction of but a handful of our countrymen, and to realize the high qualities of the men who have won and who keep for us that splendid position. Australia saw the consummation of the great mission which was the more immediate object of our journey; and you can imagine the feel- 84 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE ings of pride with which I presided over the inauguration of the first representative Assem bly of the new-born Australian Commonwealth, in whose hands are placed the destinies of that great island continent. During a happy stay of many weeks in the different States, we were able to gain an insight into the working of the commercial, social, and political institu tions, of which the country justly boasts, and to see something of the great progress which it has already made, and of its great capabil ities, while making the acquaintance of many of the warm-hearted and large-minded men to whose personality and energy so much of that progress is due. New Zealand afforded us a striking example of a vigorous, independent, aiad prosperous people, living in the full enjoy ment of free and liberal institutions, and where many interesting social experiments are being put to the test of experience. Here we had the satisfaction of meeting large gatherings of the Maori people — once a brave and resolute foe, now peaceful and devoted subjects of the "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 85 King. Tasmania, which in natural character istics and climate reminded us of the old country, was visited when our faces were at length turned homeward. Mauritius, with its beautiful tropical scenery, its classical, literary, naval and historical as sociations, and its population gifted with all the charming characteristics of old France, was our first halting-place on our way to receive, in Natal and Cape Colony, a welcome remarkable in its warmth and enthusiasm, which appeared to be accentuated by the heavy trial of the long and grievous war under which they have suffered. To Canada was borne the messag'e — already conveyed to Australia and New Zealand — of the Motherland's loving appreciation of the services rendered by her gallant sons. In a journey from ocean to ocean, marvellous in its comfort and organiza tion, we were enabled to see something of its matchless scenery, the richness of its soil, the boundless possibilities of that vast and but partly explored territory. We saw, too, the 86 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE success which has crowned the efforts to weld into one community the peoples of its two great races. Our final halting-place was, by the express desire of the King, Newfoundland — the oldest of our colonies, and the first visited by his Majesty in i860. The hearty seafaring population of this island gave us a reception the cordiality of which is still fresh in our memories. If I were asked to specify any particular impressions derived from our journey, I should unhesitatingly place before all others that of loyalty to the Crown, and of attachment to the old country ; and It was touching to hear the invariable references to home, even from the lips of those who never had been or were ever likely to be in these islands. And with this loyalty were unmistakable evidences of the consciousness of strength, of a true and living membership in the Empire, and of power and readiness to share the burden and responsibility of that membership. And were I to seek for the causes which have created "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 87 and fostered this spirit, I should venture to attribute them, in a very large degree, to the life and example of our late beloved Sovereign. It would be difficult to exaggerate the signs of genuine sorrow for her loss, and of love for her memory, which we found amongst all races, even in the most remote districts which we visited. Besides this, may we not find another cause — the wise and just policy which, in the last half century, has been continuously maintained towards our colonies? As a result of the happy relations thus created between the Mother Country and her colonies, we have seen their spontaneous rally round the old flag in defence of the nation's honour in South Africa. I had ample opportunities to form some esti mate of the military strength of Australia, New Zealand, and Canada, having reviewed upwards of 60,000 troops. Abundant and excellent material is available, requiring only that moulding" into shape which can be readily effected by the hands of capable and ex- 88 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE perienced officers. I am anxious to refer to an admirable movement which has taken strong root in both Australia and New Zealand — and that is the cadet corps. On several occasions I had the gratification of seeing march past several thousand cadets, armed and equipped, and who, at the expense of their respective Governments, are able to go through a military course, and in some cases with an annual grant of practice ammuni tion. I will not presume, in these days of army reform, to do more than call the attention of my friend, the Secretary of State for War, to this interesting fact. To the distinguished representatives of the commercial interests of the Empire, whom I have the pleasure of seeing here to-day, I venture to allude to the impression, which seemed generally to prevail among their brethren across the seas, that the old country must wake up if she intends to maintain her old position of pre-eminence in her colonial trade against foreign competitors. No one "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 89 who had the privilege of enjoying the ex periences which we have had during our tour could fail to be struck with one all-prevailing and pressing demand — the want of population. Even in the oldest of our colonies there were abundant signs of this need — boundless tracts of country yet unexplored, hidden mineral wealth calling for development, vast expanses of virgin soil ready to yield profitable crops to the settlers. And these can be enjoyed under conditions of healthy living, liberal laws, free institutions, in exchange for the overcrowded cities and the almost hopeless struggle for existence, which, alas, too often is the lot of many in the old country. But one condition, and one only, is made by our colonial brethren, and that is, "Send us suitable emigrants." I would go further, and appeal to my fellow- countrymen at home to prove the strength of the attachment of the motherland to her children by sending to them only of her best. By this means we may still further strengthen, or, at all events, pass on unimpaired, that go THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE pride of race, that unity of sentiment and purpose, that feeling of common loyalty and obligation, which knit together and alone can maintain the integrity of our Empire. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 91 THE ROYAL SOCIETY ' I am, indeed, proud that my name should be added to those on your illustrious roll, which has been inscribed by nearly every Sovereign since the reign of Charles II, and by all the most distinguished men of science since those days, such as Wren, Newton, Davy, Faraday, Darwin, and many others. I wish to offer my sincere thanks to Sir William Crookes for his interesting lecture, which I am sure we have all listened to with great pleasure. If I may be allowed to do so, I should like to congratulate him on his power ^ 6th February, 1902. The Prince of Wales was ad mitted to Fellowship of the Royal Society. The title of the lecture by Sir William Crookes which " rather alarmed " the Prince was " The Stratification of Hydro gen," and " Radio-activity and the Electron Theory." 92 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE of treating such an abstruse question, for I must confess that the title rather alarmed me, so as to make it intelligible and attractive to those who, like myself, unfortunately cannot lay claim to much scientific knowledge. But, while fully realizing how far beyond my reach this knowledge lies, I can assure you of my hearty sympathy with that scientific study and research which now, more than ever, has become so important an essential in our national life. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 93 THE RENOWN OF BRISTOL ^ When my friend Sir Michael Hicks Beach conveyed to me your wish that I should be present on this occasion, I gladly consented. I realized that the object which prompted the invitation was unique in the historic memory of your ancient and enterprising city. I shall always endeavour to the best of my ability to follow the example of my dear father, who, during many years, has shown his readiness to assist in such undertakings as were likely to conduce to the general welfare and pro sperity of the country. In determining to carry out this colossal scheme of dock exten sions, Bristol is true to her ancient traditions. Favourably situated on the river, only seven ' 5th March, 1902, at Bristol; replying to the toast proposed by the Lord Mayor. 94 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE miles from the sea, Bristol has been renowned as a seaport. Her citizens were ever foremost in furnishing vessels of war when the services of the country demanded them. It was a Bristol sailor, John Cabot, who, returning from his daring voyage across unknown seas, brought the first tidings of the newly dis covered Western Continent. Towards the end of the eighteenth century she was the first seaport, and in population ranked next to the capital. That period saw a growth of her vast trade with the West Coast of Africa, and with the highly prosperous West Indian colonies. Lord Macaulay has told us of the splendour of the city, and has given historical fame to Bristol Milk, that excellent wine with which to-day you have tempted us. It was Bristol that built and equipped the first Atlantic steamer that left our shores. I understand that after many years of this prosperity there was, owing to various causes, a falling-off in the trade of the port, and the relative commercial progress of Bristol for a "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 95 time somewhat suffered. But again prosperity and enterprise reasserted itself, and since then Bristol has moved with the times. The city authorities recognized that the existing dock, though affording excellent accommodation so far as it goes, was inadequate for the require ments of modern trade. To-day's striking ceremony is a proof of the large-minded, liberal manner in which they have handled the difficulty and intend to meet the require ments. Since the opening of the Avonmouth dock a quarter of a century ago, the trade has increased nearly tenfold. From Canada, Bristol has received her greatest imports. There is in the United States a population of seventy- seven millions; and it would seem that its commerce was still in its infancy. We may be sure from to-day's experience that Bristol will share in the certain development of that commerce. There is a monthly line of steamers to Australian ports, connecting also with India; and it is believed that the new dock when opened will attract the large trade of South 96 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE Africa. Only a year ago a new line of steamers was established between Avonmouth and the West Indies. I gather that this undertaking has been a complete success. We have to-day had an interesting proof of what splendid car goes of fruit can be brought here in good condition from these islands. Most heartily the Princess and I wish all success to the Royal Edward dock, in the future of which we shall always take a great personal interest. And the benefits of this great municipal effort will not only be realized in Bristol and the Mother Country, but will be felt throughout his Majesty's dominions. The increased facilities for commerce and in tercommunication will inevitably strengthen the grip of hands across the sea, will tend to increase that community of interest, that mutual trust, and that sense of kinship which are the sources that make for the unity and strength of the Empire. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 97 EDUCATION AND TRADE * On this first jubilee day of your college, the question may be fairly asked whether it has fulfilled the object of the founder. We are told that his idea was to provide in a great centre of population, commerce, and industry, higher education in such branches of learning and science as were usually taught in the English universities. Those who joined with Mr. Owens in this scheme recognized that, in a great commercial centre, there was both the oppor tunity for, and the need of, something in the nature of real university life. They were de sirous of founding a college in which every- ' 1 2th March, 1902. The Prince opens Whitworth Hall, Manchester, on the occasion of the fiftieth anni versary of the foundation of Owens College. Reply to an address read by Mr. Alfred Hopkinson, Principal of the College. H 98 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE thing should be taught which could be dignified by the name of knowledge ; and, faithful to the spirit of this trust, and in earlier times in spite of many discouragements, those who have developed the foundation, have, I hear, been loyal to the founders. A college which, after five years of its existence, is reduced to thirty-three students, and can yet persevere in the path which was originally marked out, which can now boast of thirty-two professors and over a thousand students, has, indeed, earned the just right to celebrate with pride and satisfaction its first jubilee. Perhaps the best proof of the wisdom of the policy adopted in the case of Owens College is the fact that, in nearly all the largest towns of the country, there have been founded, during the last thirty years, colleges to a very large extent on similar lines. Owens College has sent many teachers, not only to these, but to the old Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. And we may also, on this jubilee day, take stock of those influences which have been "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 99 instrumental in thus successfully developing and carrying out the original scheme of the founders. Will Owens College ever cease to venerate the names of Owens, Beyer, Christie, Whitworth, and other noble benefactors to whose munificence is chiefly due her creation, endowment, and material prosperity? Can she ever be sufficiently grateful to those great teachers and students who have not only, by their genius and force of intellect, maintained in the college a high standard of learning, but also by their personal example have helped to form the characters that guide the lives of those who have been so fortunate as to come under their influence? But, great as have been those different forces in building you this vast and important educa tional machinery, they would not be sufficient without the strength and sustenance which have been secured by local patriotism and local enthusiasm. Renowned as Manchester has always been for a broad and generous municipal life, may we not ask ourselves how loo THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE far the spirit which has created and inspired that life is due to the influence of Owens College; and, on the other hand, would the college have had the courage to persevere in the path marked out for it if it had not been sustained and aided by steady municipal sup port? The presence on the governing body of the representatives of the municipality of Manchester and the neighbouring towns in timately associated with it should serve to strengthen this mutual sympathy, guide the college in its work of elevation and culture, and, at the same time, serve to bring home to the municipal authorities the importance of furthering to the utmost of their power the development of the college. The work of an institution of this nature must continually expand, and it must not be forgotten that its material resources must also expand as the work grows. I feel sure that Owens College may always count with confidence on a gener ous local and municipal support to enable it to keep abreast of the ever-growing demands "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" loi of modern life, whether it be in the arts, in science, or other departments of a liberal education. In conclusion, I would call attention to the special effort recently made to raise a fund to pay the amount of the indebtedness of the College, which was very considerable, and to provide against the annual deficit. In spite of the depression in trade this year, and other ad verse causes, the fund now reaches ;^ 100,000. This is only enough to carry on the existing work of the College, without making the addi tions to the staff and appliances which it is desirable should be made. It would, indeed, be a matter of pride and satisfaction to us if the outcome of to-day's proceedings were to be the wiping out of this debt ; and I am sure that Manchester men will not allow this institution, of which they are very justly proud, to suffer in any way for want of funds, and that, through the generosity of the Lancashire and local funds of the College, a permanent increase of the annual income of the College will be secured. I02 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE I am told that among the arms emblazoned on the windows which we face are those of the benefactors of the college during the past half century. You will, I feel sure, join with me in hoping that, before another fifty years have passed away, many more windows, bear ing many more such significant heraldic re cords, may ornament this splendid building. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 103 THE OLDEST AND YOUNGEST PORTS ^ With regard to our visit to the Colonies, I sometimes think that undue credit has been given to us respecting the mission with which we were entrusted, for it should always be remembered that it has never fallen to the lot of anyone except ourselves to have the privi lege of enjoying such an experience. There are, of course, responsibilities and anxieties, but the recollections of these vanish in the happy memories of those eventful eightmonths; and among those reminiscences is the ever- present feeling that the hearts and sympathies of our fellow-countrymen abroad are with us, I cannot help being pleased that, by a happy coincidence, the first two cities which I have ^ 12th March, 1902. In reply to the toast proposed by the Lord Mayor at luncheon in the Manchester Town Hall, I04 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE had the pleasure of visiting as Prince of Wales should be Bristol, one of the oldest ports, and Manchester, one of the youngest British ports. I am glad to hear that Manchester has found, if I may be permitted to say so, her sea legs, that her material prosperity has in con sequence vastly increased, and that she now ranks prominently among the ports of the United Kingdom. The interesting ceremony in which we took part this morning at Owens College was a proof that the same spirit of local enterprise and patriotism which has raised Manchester to her present prominent position in the commercial world has been no less active in securing for her citizens and the people of the surrounding districts the best facilities for obtaining higher education and scientific knowledge. I am sure we are all happy to see here present among us many eminent and distinguished representatives from foreign and colonial universities; and I am sure we feel it a great honour that they should have participated in the proceedings at Owens College. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 105 A NATIONAL LABORATORY ^ I am glad that my first duty as a Fellow of the Royal Society should be to join with my distinguished brethren in opening this in stitution, the direction and administration of which have been entrusted to the Society by the Government. It is also a great pleasure to assist in the inauguration of what may fairly be called a new departure, for I believe that in the National Physical Laboratory we have almost the first instance of the State taking part in scientific research. The object of the scheme is, I understand, to bring scientific knowledge to bear practic ally upon our everyday industrial and com- ^ 19th March, 1902. On the occasion of the opening of the National Physical Laboratory. io6 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE mercial life, to break down the barrier between theory and practice, to effect a union between science and commerce. This afternoon's cere mony is not merely a meeting of the repre sentatives of an ancient and world-renowned scientific society for the purpose of taking over a new theatre of investigation and re search. Is it not more than this? Does it not show in a very practical way that the nation is beginning to realize that, if her commercial supremacy is to be maintained, greater facil ities must be given for furthering the applica tion of science to commerce and manufacture? In the profession to which I am proud to belong, there are, perhaps, special oppor tunities of gaining a certain insight into the general trade and commerce of the world, and of comparing the commercial vitality of the different countries. And, certainly, abroad one finds an existing impression, which was confirmed by the experience of my recent and interesting colonial tour, that the superior technical and scientific knowledge of our "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 107 foreign competitors is one reason why our hitherto pre-eminent position in manufactures and commerce is so considerably threatened. As a simple example, I may quote the opinion of an expert authority in Australia that the aniline dyes of Germany had given to a cer tain class of German-made goods a decided superiority over those of British manufac ture- In Germany and America much valuable work has been carried out by the State. In this country the Government have provided these buildings and found machinery for the supply of light, heat, and power. They are at present not inclined to spend more money upon equipping the laboratories. It is, there fore, to the liberality of the public that we must look not only for money, but for pre sents in machinery and necessary appliances. Already the institution has benefited in the latter respect by gifts from Sir Andrew Noble, the Drapers' Company, Messrs, Willans and Robinson, Lady Galton, and others. io8 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE The old-established Kew Observatory now forms part of the laboratory. Important and growing work is carried out in the testing of telescopes, binoculars, sextants, and, more particularly, telescopic sights for the navy. Most of the scientific outfit supplied for the Antarctic Expedition was tested at Kew. The laboratory will also supply a want which is much felt for standardizing and testing the many forms of apparatus in daily use ; while investigations will be carried out on points of importance to the manufacturer or the mer chant from the solution of which valuable results may be expected to accrue. I am par ticularly pleased to know that it is possible within the precincts of this laboratory there will be established a work of the utmost im portance—namely, a tank, after the design of the late Mr, Froude, in which the performance of a ship can be predicted from experiments on a model. At present there is such a tank at Haslar, which is fully occupied in Govern ment work. The Institution of Naval Archi- "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 109 tects, impressed with the demand for this work, have proposed to raise the sum required to erect the tank and for the necessary appli ances. But the funds at present at the dis posal of the laboratory will require to be considerably supplemented if they are to un dertake this much-needed work. No doubt the working expenses of the tank will ultim ately be met by fees. But a difficulty may arise in tiding over the interval which must elapse before such fees are available. I am confident that, through the generosity of the public, the necessary means will be forth coming to meet these difficulties and to secure that which is almost an essential to the ship building industry of a country possessing the largest mercantile marine in the world. Before such an audience, I have not pre sumed to speak of the value to science of this institution. Though the navy has given many notable names to scientific theory, it is the practical results which naturally appeal more to the mind of a sailor; and I am sure you no THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE will accept this as my excuse for having ven tured to make my few remarks upon the future of this institution from merely a utilitarian point of view. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" in LONDON ORPHAN ASYLUM •^ These annual festivals are important events in the life of a charitable institution, for they enable its friends and well-wishers to meet to gether unofficially In social brotherhood to recall its past, to review its present, and, as far as possible, to assist in providing for its future. And such commemorations help to testify to the pride with which we justly regard these institutions that are unique characteristics of our national life. The object of the London Orphan Asylum was, in the words of its founder. Dr. Andrew Reed, "the maintenance, instruction, and education of fatherless children of both sexes who were In necessitous circumstances; and ^ 23rd April, 1902. Presiding at the 89th annual festival in connection with the London Orphan Asylum at Watford. 112 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE only children respectably descended, and es pecially those whose parents have lost their lives in the Army, Navy, and manufacturing services, should be esteemed the first claimants on the charity." Now, the question which naturally suggests itself is, has the London Orphan Asylum fulfilled this object? As a first and practical answer, I should suggest a visit to the asylum at Watford. It was my privilege to go there on Saturday last, and I cannot exaggerate the favourable impression left on my mind by everything I saw. I felt that the ideals of the founder had been more than fulfilled. All that I saw seemed to indi cate care and solicitude for the moral, intel lectual, and physical well-being of the children. Whether it was a squad of boys performing their Sandow exercises — which, by the way, they did remarkably well, as also did the girls their musical physical drill — the appearance of the chapel, the class-rooms, the dormitories, or the sight of the bright, happy faces of them all at dinner, there was something which told its "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 113 own tale of a healthy tone, a sympathy be tween teachers and pupils, I understand that demands for the boys from mercantile houses and warehouses in the city are generally in excess of the supply. Many ex-scholars are now occupying very honourable positions in the commercial world, a fair sprinkling have gone into the Church and the Law, a good many have entered the Army and Navy, at least seven joined the ranks of the C.I.V. when they went to South Africa; and I am proud to think that I have the pleasure of meeting here to-night more than one who received their education at the asylum. There is one point which seems to me to speak volumes for the institution, and that Is the love which is displayed towards it by former pupils. They have formed themselves into a club or association, their object being to help old scholars in distress, to promote mutual intercourse, and to encourage manly and athletic sports; but the chief aim is to help the funds of the institution. Already it I 114 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE has contributed over ;^2,5oo, besides raising jCsoo toward a perpetual presentation. The chapel in which the children worship is the gift of one who was herself educated in the asylum. And, if force were needed to the appeal on behalf of this ancient and admirable institution, is it not to be found in this touch ing fact — that large numbers of those who in childhood have been educated and maintained in the Institution are now, in grateful remem brance of the old home, generously contribut ing towards the funds of the charity from which they themselves have in the past bene fited? In 1813 the Institution began with three children ; to-day it numbers about 500. The first list of subscribers showed only 265 ; now It can boast of many thousands. Looking through the list of children, it is interesting to notice that almost all classes of society are represented, and that they come from every part of the Empire. During 88 years the charity has maintained, clothed, and educated 6,352 fatherless children. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 115 You will, I feel sure, agree that the London Orphan Asylum has stood the greatest of all tests — the test of time. The founders, in their original report, dwelt upon the stimulus which the hope of success gave them. Their aspira tions have indeed been fully realized. But, needless to say, the demands upon the charity are ever Increasing. Every child costs over ;^30 a year, necessitating an income of at least ;^ 1 5, 000; and, as the funded property yields only an income of ^1,400, the charity depends on voluntary aid for nearly ;^i4,ooo a year. Alas ! the widows' and orphans' claims on our benevolence come especially home to us in these times. But can we not also say that we live in a period of benevolence and philanthropy? The heart of the metropolis beats no less warmly now than it did a hundred years ago. No appeal on behalf of a good cause is ever made in vain to the London public. I hope that I have said sufficient to bring before your minds the objects and needs of this charity. I am happy to have been asso- ii6 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE ciated with you this evening, and I earnestly trust that in the endeavour to fulfil my duty I may have contributed to the furtherance of its noble work. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 117 THE KING'S COLONIALS ^ I am very glad to have been able to come here to-day as your honorary colonel, a posi tion which I am very proud to hold, in order to open your new drill hall and to see you on parade. I am much pleased with your strong muster and smart appearance, which show that both officers and men have worked well together to reach so creditable a result in so short a time. I am sure I can fully endorse the very complimentaryorder which theGeneral Officer commanding the Home District issued after he had inspected you the other day. I am also glad to meet so many of the Agents- General and others who have assisted In the formation and equipment of the regiment, ^ i6th May, 1902. In opening a new Drill Hall for the King's Colonials in King's Road, Chelsea. iiS THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE We must remember that we are a young and newly-formed regiment, and that we have to make our own name, our own prestige, and our own esprit de corps. We are fortunate enough to have the sympathy and support of the Mother Country and of our Colonies be yond the seas; and we must not forget that their eyes are on us. Our career will no doubt be followed with critical interest both here and in the great Dominions beyond the seas, all of which I hope will be represented in the regiment. I am sure that every man now in the King's Colonials, as well as those who will hereafter join our ranks, will strain every nerve and do the utmost in their power to make their regiment worthy of the unique position which, by its very constitution, it occupies. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 119 THE BLESSED NURSE ^ Before I allude to the object for which we are met together to-day, I am sure that all who are here will join with me In expressing our feeelings of unbounded thankfulness to God for the merciful recovery of my dear father, the King. And I wish to take this first oppor tunity which offers itself to say how his Majesty the King, the Queen, and the whole of our family have been cheered and supported during a time of severe trial by the deep sym pathy which has been displayed towards them from every part of the Empire. Speaking be fore the authorities of one of our leading hos pitals, I should also like to say that we who have watched at the sick bed of the King fully ' 7th July, 1902. Reply to address read by Mr. H. Cosmo Bonsor, treasurer of Guy's Hospital, on the opening of the Henrietta Raphael Home. I20 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE realize how much, humanly speaking, is due to the eminent surgical and medical skill, as well as to the patient and highly-trained nurs ing, which it has been his Majesty's good fortune to enjoy. So It seems almost fitting that one of the first public ceremonies that the Princess and I should take part in since the King's serious Illness should be to open this beautiful home for nurses within the precincts of this great hospital. It is only in comparatively recent times that the role of the nurse in the sick room has been fully recognized ; but are there not many here who, like myself, will through out their lives remember with the deepest gratitude the soothing comfort — indeed, I may say the blessing — of efficient nursing? Once the value of this work was recognized, nursing has been more and more looked on as a proud and honourable career. The recent war has shown us what a benefit the country derives from having in its civil hospitals a reserve of nurses available for services in the field. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 121 We know how much splendid work was done in South Africa by the trained nurses, largely brought from such training schools as this hospital which exist In this country; and I am sure the thanks of the nation are, indeed, due to the general hospitals that sent their best nurses to assist to cope with the serious difficulties with which the military medical authorities were at one time confronted. We recognize, then, the high and Indispensable position which the nurses occupy; and the least that can be done for them is to provide the comforts of a home where rest and recrea tion, after hours of arduous and self-sacrificing work, can be had. There was one who most strongly held this view and gave practical effect to it. The treasurer has already referred to that gift. I am glad to congratulate Mr. Raphael, who I am happy to think is one of our governors, on the consummation of the work of which his father was the founder, and which will for all time bear the name of his mother. 122 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE It is not too much to say that the King, on his accession, laid down with great regret his work as president of this hospital, and also of the Hospital Fund for London, which he founded and which still bears his name. I am sure you all know his Majesty continues to take the keenest interest in the progress of that fund and in the excellent work which It has done; and he looks forward to the still greater work which the organization now created Is ready to carry out whenever the in creased funds are available. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 123 THE EDUCATION OF GIRLS ^It is interesting to note, from the short historical sketch which has been given to us, that the two grammar schools of St. Saviour's and St. Olave's can boast of a royal charter from the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and that they owe their origin to gifts from residents in the neighbourhood. The original buildings of the schools have had to give way to modern requirements and the advance of civilization, as represented by our railways. In fact, I believe, they have already been removed three or four times. Meanwhile, the object of the schools has equally kept pace with the march ' 14th March, 1903. In opening the new buildings of the St. Saviour's and St. Olave's Grammar School for Girls, in New Kent Road. 124 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE of progress; and, whereas the scheme of its founders restricted the endowments to the education of boys, to-day we see the work extended in order to afford liberal, thorough, and useful education for girls in the case of those residing in the original ancient parishes, at what we may call an almost nominal pay ment. Every day we recognize more fully the im portance of education, not only to the in dividual life, but to the life of the nation. Competition grows daily keener; much work, which, within the last ten or twenty years, was considered as essentially belonging to men, has gradually been wrested from them, and, I understand, Is no less capably performed by women. I venture to think, and I earnestly hope, that the training which will be secured to the pupils of St. Saviour's and St. Olave's Grammar School will be such as to fit them to enter with confidence into the struggle of life, no matter where their lines may be cast. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 125 ^ It has been said that the system of middle- class education, which by the close of the sixteenth century had changed the very face of England, was the direct result of Dean Colet's foundation of St. Paul's School. It was the Mercers' Company which Dean Colet ap pointed to be trustees of his newly-founded institution ; and it must be gratifying to the Mercers' Company of to-day to find their property so largely increased in value as to enable them to create a school for girls similar to that established for boys by the founder at the commencement of the sixteenth century. As a member of that ancient guild, I am especially pleased to be here to-day, and both the Princess and I trust that the future work of this institution will be as vigorous and useful as that of the old school has been through its long and distinguished history. ' 15th April, 1904. In opening the new buildings of St. Paul's School, Hammersmith. 126 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE ROYAL MARINES ^ We must all experience mixed feelings on such an occasion as this. While we deeply regret that we are the poorer for the loss of those comrades to whose memory we are as sembled to do honour, we are justified in feel ing both pride and satisfaction that we are adding their names to the already glorious roll of fame of our corps. This memorial has had from the first my heartiest sympathy, and more especially the proposal that it should occupy some prominent position in the capital of the Empire. The site chosen seems to me to be particularly suitable, for, as our motto Implies that the Marines serve both afloat and on shore, it is only right that this memorial ' 25th April, 1903. Unveiling of the Royal Marines Memorial in St. James's Park. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 127 should stand in close proximity to the build ings of the Admiralty, and of the Horse Guards, the historical headquarters of the Army. I venture to think that there are few corps whose annals record deeds nobler than those achieved on the slopes of Graspan and In the grounds of the British Legation at Pekin. As you. General French, have reminded us, in the former case the Marines, shoulder to shoulder with their comrades the bluejackets, bravely carried the position in the face of a withering fire and with the loss of nearly half their number. In the latter case, the gallantry and indomitable pluck of a handful of Marines successfully maintained an arduous struggle during those long and anxious days at Pekin. 128 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE HOUSING PROBLEM * The Princess and I are very glad to be here to-day and to assist In the Inauguration of what you have described as a new era in the solution of the housing problem in London. Those who know the happiness of home life can fully sympathize with every effort to secure similar blessings to their fellow creatures. The City of Westminster is to be congratulated on having been the first to avail Itself of those fuller powers given by the law which enable municipal authorities to meet the great de mand for suitable dwellings for the workman and his family within easy reach of his em- ^ 27th April, 1903. Reply to the speech of the Mayor of Westminster, after laying the foundation-stone of the new workmen's dwellings erected on the site of Millbank Prison. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 129 ployment; and, speaking as a citizen of West minster, which I claim to be, you, Mr. Mayor, and your Council are further to be congratu lated that there is every hope that the scheme may be self-supporting, and not necessitate any increase of the rates. It is satisfactory to know that this hopeful prospect is partly due to the sympathetic co-operation of the Ecclesi astical Commissioners, the late owners of the land, and also that in the planning and carry ing out of the work you have adopted all the latest improvements suggested by the most recent experience. It is an additional pleasure to me that, in taking part in this ceremony, I am in some slight degree identifying myself with a move ment in which the King has for many years taken an active personal part. I trust that before long these buildings will be completed and occupied. K I30 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE HULL, OLD AND NEW ^ He congratulated the city on having re moved insanitary areas and replaced them by open streets. The amelioration of the condi tion of the working classes was a question with which his father, the King, had been a long time identified. He was struck to find how closely the history of Hull had been as sociated in the past with the Sovereigns of the country. He was pleased to find that the martial and patriotic spirit that characterized the town in the time of Edward III had again asserted its vitality in the reign of Edward VII, and that, when his old friend and host. Lord ^ i2th May, 1903. Visit to Hull, when the Prince un veiled a memorial statue of Queen Victoria, opened the city square where the statue stands, and unveiled a memorial tablet in the new wing of the Royal Infirmary. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 131 Wenlock, recently undertook to raise a regi ment of Yeomanry in the East Riding, Hull had given him a large proportion of excellent recruits. The ancient corporate bodies through out the kingdom were in many respects the guardians of the traditions and customs of past ages; and, in thanking the Mayor, he was confident that, if the shade of the chron icler of the visits of Henry VI to Hull were now present, he would re-echo the words written upwards of five hundred years ago, that they had been entertained that day ' * with all possible magnificence." 132 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE DOCTOR * No excuse is necessary for pleading the cause on behalf of which we are assembled here to-night. The charitable institutions of our country are among those national char acteristics of which we are justly proud ; and I can hardly imagine that there are any more deserving of public support than those whose object is to help members of the medical pro fession or their families who, through mis fortune or otherwise, are brought to reduced circumstances. I feel I am uttering a mere commonplace in stating that we all owe a deep debt of gratitude to the doctor. We cannot get on without him. He is with us on our entry into the world and when we leave it, and is our confidential friend from the cradle to the ^ loth June, 1903. Presiding at the twenty-ninth fes tival of the Royal Medical Benevolent College, Epsom. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 133 grave. We consult him, confide in him, trust him, though he often has to tell us disagree able truths. There are few of us who have not reason to be deeply grateful for bis knowledge, tender care, and patient watchfulness by which we have been brought through a severe and dangerous illness. Certainly I myself can speak feelingly as one of that number. But I go further, for over and above our individual thanks you will, I know, agree that our medi cal profession has earned the heartfelt grati tude of the whole nation ; for, thanks to the marvellous progress in medicine and surgery and individual knowledge and skill, the life of our beloved Sovereign was, under the blessing of Providence, preserved to us during the past year. We must also remember, in estimating the splendid work accomplished by our hos pitals, that nine-tenths of the medical advice — and this is certainly the best in the country — is given practically gratuitously. But the debt to the doctor is not merely one which is to be considered as discharged as soon as his bill for 134 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE professional service has been paid. There re mains the sense of gratitude which, I am glad to say, often not only finds expression in a sincere and lasting friendship between doctor and patient, but in thank-offerings by which this institution, with other medical charities, has materially benefited. The question may be asked whether the medical profession should not be able to sup port its own charities without appealing to the public. In answer, I would remind you that the popular idea that doctors are rich men is a very erroneous one. True it is that there are a few wealthy members of the profession; but these you may probably count on your fingers. I know also that great generosity is shown among these few to their necessitous brothers. Some are able to make a fair income, and per haps to save money ; but too many are under paid and struggle in an overstocked market, and the fact remains that there is an enormous residuum of medical men who only live from hand to mouth. Another common idea seems "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 135 to be that doctors live for ever. Unfortun ately, here again is another fallacy. Too many succumb to a hard life of exposure, by which their constitutions are undermined, or to the dangers of infection. The two following cases are among those recently before the notice of the College. A medical man was summoned to go over the Wiltshire Downs to see a child who had been burned. On the way there he himself was struck by lightning and killed, leaving a widow and a large family. A surgeon-major In the Army Medical Staff was compelled to retire from the service on account of complete loss of sight resulting from overwork and hardship on active service. He has a wife and five young children, is not strong himself, possesses but limited means, and partly supports his mother. But It Is not only with these conditions of everyday life that the medical practitioner has to contend. We know how In actual warfare he risks, and in deed often loses, his life while tending those who have fallen in battle; and we must not 136 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE forget that many — I know some of them that are here to-night — gave up the comforts of home life, and, regardless of any pecuniary sac rifice, volunteered for service in South Africa. To meet this distress, about ;^i4,ooo a year is given by three great medical societies in the metropolis — the Medical Benevolent Fund, of which my old friend Sir William Broadbent Is President, the Society for the relief of Widows and Orphans of Medical Men, and the Epsom Medical College. The College was founded by Mr. John Probert in 1855 to supply the want which his experience as a family and medical practitioner forced upon his notice. The school supports fifty boys on the foundation, the boys being clothed, educated, and maintained. There are also fifty aged or necessitous medical men or their widows who receive ;^30 a year, and to maintain these ;^8,ooo a year is necessary. I am very glad to have had the opportunity yesterday of personally visiting the College at Epsom. I was delighted with everything that I saw there; indeed, one could not help feel- "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 137 ing that the wishes and aspirations of the founder have been to a great extent fulfilled. I heartily congratulate the headmaster, Mr. Hart Smith, on the happy and healthy-look ing boys under his charge whom I had the pleasure of seeing in the cricket-field. But I wish It to be clearly understood that this appeal is not for the school proper, which is conducted as a public school and is self-supporting; it is for necessary funds to support its medical foundations — that is, the education of the fifty foundationers, and to malnliain the pensions to which I have just referred ; and I am glad to be able to state that there are strong reasons for believing that, if we receive to-night liberal support, it will not be necessary to have recourse to further special appeals. My only regret is that this appeal has not been urged by some one more eloquent than myself; but none would speak with more profound conviction than I do of the worthiness of the claim which the Royal Benevolent College has upon the sympathy and generosity of us all. 138 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE LUX IN TENEBRIS ' The association between the Crown and the Trinity House dates back to its earliest days. There were times when the Corpora tion seems to have acted as advisers to the Sovereign on matters which nowadays are far beyond its jurisdiction. For instance, in 1634 King Charles I was advised by the Brethren not to construct a vessel which was designed to be 124 feet in length, as " there is no port within the kingdom that can safely harbour this ship, so that she must be in continual danger." It was. In fact, suggested to his Majesty that he should get out of the difficulty by building two small vessels instead of the big one. And, while speaking about olden ' loth July, 1903. Presiding as Master at the dinner at Trinity House, "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 139 days, the picture on our menus to-night re minds us of the bi-centenary of the death of one who filled the position which I now occupy. Samuel Pepys was Master of the Trinity House In 1676, and again in 1685. To him we owe a debt of special gratitude, for, with slight modifications, the Royal Charter we hold to-day was secured through his exertions. I have already reminded you that the King has been an Elder Brother since 1869, and my uncle, the Duke of Connaught, since 1898. The Duke of Cambridge has been an Elder Brother for twenty years. As to myself, it is gratifying to feel that, as Master of the Trinity House, I succeeded to a position occupied in the past by other members of my family. Including the Duke of Clarence, afterwards King William IV ; my grandfather, the Prince Consort, and the Duke of Edinburgh, who was Master for over thirty years. I have four sons, and perhaps in the future one or more of them may follow in the footsteps of their I40 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE father, and join the navy, and in their turn also they may become associated with this ancient corporation. ^ I have received two messages since the Lord Chief Justice spoke, referring to his question who St. Clement was. The first message was that I might suggest that I was very much surprised that Sir Francis Jeune did not know who St. Clement was, and that it was quite clear that he was the first Judge Advocate-General ! The second message I received was that St. Clement was the patron saint of the parish church in the district where the Trinity House was established at Deptford over one hundred years ago. I do not know in the least which is the right answer; and I will leave it to the Lord Chief Justice to judge. Speaking before so representative a com pany, I may, perhaps, be allowed to remind ' In answer to the toast proposed by Lord Alverstone for "The Corporation of Trinity House," "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 141 you what is the nature and scope of our work. To the Trinity House is entrusted the duty of placing and maintaining lights, buoys, sea marks, and fog signals to assist the mariner in navigating his vessel safely through the fringes of dangerous shoals and rocky places which surround our shores. Who can tell how many lives and how much valuable pro perty have been saved by the proper marking of these dangerous waters? Those who are aware of the work done will, I am sure, be ready to give credit to Trinity House, which, since the Dark Ages, has ever kept its lights burning, and endeavoured with watchful eye to find out and supply the needs of the seaman as he approaches or leaves our shores. And we claim that our work has been and is pro gressive. Scientific discoveries, engineering skill, mechanical applications, have all con tributed to the development of the coast- marking system as it now exists. The wood and coal fires of the earliest days gave way to candles and smoky oil lamps. These, In their 142 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE turn, were superseded by very powerful burners with elaborate combination of lenses, through which blaze beams of light — electric, oil, or gas. During the last few years much has been accomplished in the development of the light house service. Seven new lighthouses have been set up on different points of the coast. That on the foreshore at Beachy Head is of special interest, it having been substituted for the old lighthouse on the summit of the cliff, which was often rendered useless by fog. The number of light vessels round the coast has not been increased, except by a very useful one moored outside the end of the new pier works at Dover. This vessel affords great assistance both to passing navigation and to the mail steamers going into Dover. We ought not to forget the services and devotion to duty of the lighthouse-keepers and the men in the lightships. Though their responsibilities are great their lives are monotonous, and, in the case of the lightships, lives of some danger, "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 143 three light vessels having been run down within a very short time. The question of fog-signals is, as ever, a perplexing one. Ex periments are continually being made, and it is hoped that a sound-signal for use in fog, trustworthy in all conditions of weather, will be ultimately developed. But, speaking as a sailor, I heartily endorse the advice of the committee which dealt with this question, who reminded us that a fog-signal can only be re garded as an auxiliary aid to navigation, and that the lead must always be the one reliable test. With regard to wireless telegraphy, we intend to utilize it for communicating between some six of the lightships and their respective stations on shore. The remarkable change during late years is the illumination of buoys placed where navigation is much dependent upon them. Of these, there are now forty- three, as against twenty-eight in 1897, and perhaps the time will come when all buoys will be lighted, thus rendering them equally serviceable by night as they are by day. Mr. 144 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE Matthews, our engineer, has recently devel oped a lighthouse burner in which oil, vapor ized on the Kitson System, is burned with a Welsbach mantle. The illuminating power thus obtained is more than twice that of a similar sized oil burner of the ordinary type, while the consumption of oil is decreased by at least two-thirds. I should like also to mention that the char ities of the Trinity House, the administration of which is entirely separate from its work as a lighthouse authority, have recently benefited by an increase of revenue from certain pro perty held in trust for charitable purposes, and consequently we have been able to add fifty names to the pension list. Speaking generally in the name of the Corporation, I can assure you that our guiding principle will be to keep ourselves abreast of the times, and to the utmost of our power and means main tain in the highest possible state of efficiency the very responsible service entrusted to us. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 145 TRURO CATHEDRAL ^ In 1880, I was present with my dear parents on that memorable occasion when the King, then Duke of Cornwall, laid the foundation- stone of the first cathedral which has been built in England since the Reformation, and to celebrate the completion of which we have gathered together here to-day. Without dwell ing too much on the past, I think that no one who was present on 20th May, 1880, and took part in the solemn and beautiful service of this morning, could fail to remember him who on that day was the central figure, whose heart and soul were in the great undertaking which was then inaugurated. Needless to say I refer to Edward White Benson, first Bishop of Truro. . . . ^ 15th July, 1903. At Truro. L 146 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE I am interested to find from Canon Donald son's book on the Bishopric of Truro that probably Wales gave to Cornwall her first Christian evangelists, and that the two coun tries whose titles I bear long retained many links, racial and religious. As you are aware, circumstances, geographical and other, neces sitate the separation of the Duke of Cornwall from his Duchy, but I am looking forward with pleasure during the next ten days to seeing as much as possible of the Duchy. I hope we shall visit the Castle of Restormel, one of the most ancient of the former numerous residences of the Dukes of Cornwall, and shall meet some of my Cornish tenants, who are well known to be industrious and practical farmers. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 147 THE POLYTECHNICS ^ In coming here to present the prizes to some of the 700 successful students and to assist in the inauguration of the new build ings, we are glad to have an opportunity of showing that we fully share the sympathy and interest hitherto displayed towards the Batter sea Polytechnic by the King 'and Queen, and some other members of our Family. Ten years have now elapsed since the institution was opened by the King, who personally identified himself with the movement from its inception. If the large and successful work accomplished during that period at Battersea is an indication of what is done by the London polytechnics generally, how deeply indebted ^ 24th February, 1904. At the Prize Distribution of the Battersea Polytechnic. 148 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE we ought to be to the Charity Commissioners, who, twenty-one years ago, with far-seeing thought, suggested that the funds of certain ancient City charters should be devoted to the establishment in different parts of London of polytechnic institutes. And none the less grateful must all well-wishers of the scheme be for the liberal support received from the City parochial foundations and the Technical Education Board of the London County Council. Among the twelve polytechnics in London, in a roll-call of some 30,000 students, Batter sea can boast of an almost unique record in its growth and success. It affords a note worthy example of the extension of higher work without departing from the main object of the original scheme. While its association with the London University and other bodies places it in a leading position among institu tions of that class, and encourages the develop ment of higher work, it has very largely ex tended its day, secondary, and adult work, "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 149 and its work for women. At the same time, at the evening classes increasing opportunities have been offered to those who must work during the day as a means of livelihood to receive instruction either in their particular trades or professions, or in any special sub jects which they may wish to study. The notable case may be quoted of the London and South Western Railway Company, who enable upwards of seventy apprentices in the locomotive works to attend early morning classes in this polytechnic before their day's work commences. I have listened with much interest and satisfaction to the record, not only of success gained in examinations, but also of the careers in after life of both teachers and students who have been trained in this Institution. Probably at no time in the history of our country has there been a greater demand upon the intel lectual powers than there is to-day. Keen competition and rivalry characterize the ex isting relations between communities and ISO THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE nations. Professor Huxley some years ago pointed out with regard to our industries that we were in the presence of a new struggle for existence; and more recently Sir Norman Lockyer, in his address to the British Asso ciation last year, goes further, and declares that the scientific spirit, the brain power, must not be limited to the workshop when other nations utilize it in all branches of their administration; and he declares that uni versities and other teaching centres are as im portant as battleships and big battalions, and are in fact essential parts of a modern state's machinery. The record of the ten years' work which was issued in connection with this an niversary tells us that the polytechnic is to educate its students in the widest sense of the term. I share the belief that in providing gym nasia, in maintaining athletic and recreative clubs and societies, in encouraging meetings for social intercourse, and providing rational and healthy entertainment, the polytechnic is only invoking agencies which make the accom- "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 151 plishment of its purpose more sure and far- reaching. The people of South London have reason to be proud of this great institution ; and I feel sure that all those who realize the work it performs, and the success it achieves, will join with me In thanking the governing body, the principal, and the staff for their efforts, and In congratulating them upon the results which have been accomplished during the first ten years of its vigorous and useful life. 152 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE BRADFORD AND WORSTEAD ^ Surely throughout the King's dominions there are few places where a statue of Queen Victoria is more appropriate than in Bradford, for is it not essentially a city of the Victorian Age? In 1847, with a population of some 66,000, it was granted a charter of incorpora tion. Fifty years later, that population had increased to 279,000, and the title of city was conferred upon it on the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee of our late beloved Sover eign. When our visit to Bradford was de cided upon, the Princess was desirous of becoming further acquainted with its staple manufactures, and has been much interested in seeing and selecting various materials ; and ^ 4th May, 1904. Visit to Bradford for the opening ot the Exhibition. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 153 she is very pleased to be wearing to-day a product of Bradford looms. I venture, not without some pride and satis faction, to recall the fact that it was from the county of Norfolk — my native county — that the worsted trade, now your great staple, was introduced. Yes, it was in Worstead, to-day only a little Norfolk village, then a thriving town, that a new industry was created, it is said chiefly by Flemish weavers brought there by King Edward III in order to improve the then existing woollen manufactures. Soon after, however, the inhabitants of Norwich petitioned for the removal of the trade to the city; and there it remained until about the end of the seventeenth century, when the enter prising merchants of Bradford managed to transfer it to their own growing town, which, through the energy and skill and perseverance of successful generations, now occupies a unique position as centre of the worsted trade of the world. The story is told of one William Ryder, an ingenious apprentice, who. 154 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE about the year 1564, discovered a way of knitting worsted stockings. To establish his reputation, he presented a pair to William Herbert, second Earl of Pembroke, and Lord Steward of the Household of Queen Eliza beth. Is it not a singular coincidence that to-day among the guests present here in the seat of the worsted trade is my noble friend Sidney Herbert, the fourteenth Earl of Pem broke, and Lord Steward of the Household of King Edward VII? But, as I understand, the worsted stocking of to-day is not made in Bradford; and I am afraid the parallel has not been quite completed by Lord Pembroke becoming recipient of a gift similar to that. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 155 RICH AND POOR ^ Founded only eighteen years ago, this noble enterprise has steadily progressed until to-day, when a crowning point has been reached in its history. The efforts which for some time past have been made to bring the members of the Universities and of the public schools into closer touch with the lives of their poorer fellow-citizens of London have gradu ally developed a powerful movement in its social history. But the double benefits arising from the movement have hardly yet been real ized. For not only do the young workers bring to their poorer and less fortunate friends the good influences of their religious, educational, ' nth July, 1904. Visit to the Leysian Mission, City Road, E.C, when the Princess of Wales opened the Queen Victoria Hall. 156 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE and social activity, but they themselves gain valuable lessons and much experience in their intercourse with those whose lot in life is cast differently from their own, while the home life of the working classes affords a boundless field for their labours, and does much to establish a brotherhood between rich and poor. I am glad to think that the physical and recreative element enters considerably into the scheme, and that everything conducive to manliness and physical well-being will be provided for within these buildings. It has been written of the Leysian Mission that "all the daring and enterprise of this scheme denote enthusiasm, and possibly such enthusiasm could not have been aroused were it not that the mission is and always has been a young men's move ment." May successive generations of young Leyslans be inspired with the same enthu siasm and with a determination to carry on the work which we to-day inaugurate ! May the blessing of Providence guide and prosper your efforts ! "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 157 ADVICE TO " WORCESTER "BOYS ^ I would like to remind those cadets who are about to leave this ship that they must not think that their studies have come to an end. We live in an age of education, and it is neces sary for success in any walk of life that we should work hard ; and in your case you must not count upon assistance so much, but you must learn to study for yourselves. On an occasion like this, I feel that perhaps I may be allowed to speak as a sailor with some twenty years' experience, especially as I have gone through, practically, exactly the same training which you have been through on board this ship. And the advice I should like to offer to you is based on that experience. There are, ^ 22nd July, 1904. In distributing prizes to the cadets on board the " Worcester," moored ofFGreenhithe, Kent. 158 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE perhaps, two points that I think you should keep before you as guiding principles. I should say, above all things, be loyal — be loyal to your King, loyal to your country, and loyal to your ship ! And the other is, be thorough ! Whatever you do, do it as well as you can, and put your whole heart and soul into that work. The sea-service, to my mind, is the finest service which any man can adopt, and the particular branch which you have chosen affords ample field for your ambition. Every Worcester boy, I think, past and present, must feel proud of the man whose name has become celebrated as a great naval commander, and who served in this ship, I believe, for eighteen months — I mean Admiral Togo. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 159 A CENTURY OF MEDICINE 'The advances which have been made in the science of medicine and surgery during the last hundred years are almost without parallel in the history of human progress. During this period physiology has been established as a precise branch of learning, while the new science of bacteriology would seem to have laid bare the very foundations of disease. Anti septics and the clinical thermometer have been invented, and methods of investigation intro duced of which, I am sure, the medical pro fession of 1805 had never even dreamt. In the foundation of antiseptic surgery by Lord Lister, this country can claim one of the greatest ' 22nd May, 1905. At a dinner to celebrate the Cen tenary of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London. i6o THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE achievements in the cause of humanity. In the sphere of public hygiene, nothing short of a revolution has been effected. Our hospitals, which a hundred years ago were little more than mere refuges for the sick, have become institutions in which the most beneficent treat ment is carried out with scientific thorough ness. With this great century of progress this society has, indeed, been actively concerned; and it can look back upon its record of a hundred years with the assurance that it has taken no little share in a memorable scientific advance. Its deliberations can only result in the widening of the capabilities of medicine and surgery, and in a lessening of the mass of human suffering. With it, also, rests the grave responsibility of passing judgment upon new projects and new theories, of directing investigations into right channels, and of keep ing a jealous watch upon the scientific reputa tion of a great profession. "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" i6i CA RDIFF A ND THE ''NEW TEACHING" ^ I congratulate you and all here present to day on the proud fact that it is the liberality of the people of South Wales and Monmouth shire that makes it now possible to carry out a portion of the great scheme for the estab lishment in Cardiff of buildings worthy or their University College, and worthy of the conception of its founders, I further note with great satisfaction that one of the largest of the City Companies has shown a practical sympathy in this great undertaking, and that the library buildings, one of the most Important ^ 29th June, 1905. The Prince of Wales, as Chancellor of the University of Wales, laid the foundation stone of the New University College Buildings in Cathays Park, Cardiff. M i62 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE features in any college, will be the gift of the Worshipful Company of Drapers. It is interesting to learn that we are gathered together here on ground where in days gone by stood monastic centres of learning renowned both at home and abroad. Cardiff, by her large-minded generosity and enterprise, has re-established the work of education in her midst; but the new teaching and training differ in character from that which in the past ren dered her colleges famous, for the Welsh people have determined that their university education shall be compatible with the modern wants of a new world. Its promoters and Its authorities have recognized that this University should not exist merely for the purpose of the literary or the academic life, but should place itself in touch with and try to serve every form of intellectual activity. To-day Cardiff is a constituent of the University, for under the charter the Town Council appoints two mem bers of the University court ; and by a stand ing ordinance of the Town Council the mayor "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 163 is ex-officio one of the members. So our University is by its constitution interwoven more closely, perhaps, than any other with the national life of the country. This is no mere sentiment on the part of the people of Cardiff; for they have not only given this site for the college, but have presented to the Uni versity itself another site in this park, and ^6,000 for the erection of Its registry. I share the regret expressed that some of the truest and most helpful of the friends of the college are no longer with us ; but in you, Mr. Pre sident, In your Principal, and in the other authorities of the college we have that confi dence which enables us to face the future with faith and courage. i64 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE VALUE OF STATISTICS ' As honorary president of the Royal Statis tical Society, and on behalf of Its members, I offer a most hearty welcome to the representa tives of the International Statistical Institute who are assembled here to-day for the opening of its tenth session. I feel that, perhaps, on this occasion it would not be out of place if I recalled to your memory a fact which to me personally is of peculiar Interest. My revered grandfather, the late Prince Consort, who did so much for the progress of science, was Instrumental In rendering special assistance to the first effort of statistical science to secure for itself an assured and prominent ' 31st July, 1905. In opening the tenth session of the International Statistical Institute, at the Imperial In stitute, "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 165 position in the ranks of the older and better recognized sciences. Quetelet, whose name stands pre-eminent in that science, was at one time the Prince Consort's mathematical teacher, and later on his close personal friend. On the occasion of our great Exhibition of 1851, a large and distinguished company of statistic ians was assembled in London. It was chiefly at the Instigation of Quetelet that the question of Instituting periodical international con gresses for the discussion of questions of com mon Interest and international concern was proposed. In consequence of this proposal an International organization was formed, and the first International Statistical Congress was held In Brussels In 1853, Later on, in i860, London welcomed the Congress, which met under the presidency of the Prince Consort. I feel that on this occasion you will allow me to quote the following words from his opening address: "It is the social condition of man kind, as exhibited by enumerated facts, which forms the chief object of the study and investi- i66 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE gation undertaken by this Congress. The results of its labours will doubtless afford to the statesman and legislator a sure guide in his endeavours to promote the social develop ment and happiness of the nation. The im portance of these international congresses cannot be over-rated. They not only awaken public attention to the value of these pursuits by bringing together men of all countries who devote their lives to this work, and who are thus enabled to exchange their thoughts and varied experiences ; they also pave the way to an agreement among different governments and nations to follow up these common in quiries in a common spirit, by a common method, and for a common end." This watchword of the Congress of i860 I would endeavour to commend to the Congress of 1905 as worthily embodying its aims and Its objects. Once again, in 1885, London was the scene of the labours of an international statistical assembly. That occasion was a trebly historical one. The Royal Statistical "WAKE UP, ENGLAND!" 167 Society had at one and the same time the gratification of celebrating the jubilee of Its existence, the privilege of entertaining illustri ous statisticians, and that of assisting the formation of the present International Statis tical Institute. The Royal Statistical Society will always look back with pride on the happy coincidence of its jubilee with what may be described as a second birth of international statistical co-operation. This period of over fifty years has seen a rapid and unexpected development of statistical science. Every widening of the field of its operations, every Improvement in the care with which the increased area is nurtured, brings in a more than proportionate harvest. National and social tendencies are to-day capable of In creasingly accurate measurement with the aid of the very numerous statistical tabulations which now exist. In the future all branches of social science must look for their advancement and increase of precision to the continually Improving character of the raw material fur- i68 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE nished them by statisticians. For scientific progress, however, a primary essential is active and effective co-operation among scien tific workers in all countries, in order that publicity can be given to their results, and uniformity obtained in the collection and arrangement of data for the purpose of their common employment. This is the high office you, gentlemen, are called upon to fulfil. The eminence of your positions as statistical workers, and your ardour in the pursuit of your aims could not be better indicated than by your presence at such a congress as this. WITH THE PRINCES AND PEOPLES OF INDIA November 1905 — May 1906 THE WESTERN CAPITAL Bombay {<:)th November, 1905) : I thank you most sincerely for the kind and enthusiastic welcome which you have given the Princess of Wales and myself. We are both deeply moved by your touching allusion to her presence here. She is, indeed, proud to be the first Princess of Wales to have set her foot on these shores. The words of your address, eloquent as they are, will not convey to our fellow-subjects in other parts of the Empire what we see here to-day. Nor do they render full justice to the efforts and goodwill of the citizens of this great western port of India, which have culmi- 169 I70 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE nated in this splendid ceremony. Thirty years ago, all but a day, my dear father, the King- Emperor, was standing not far from this very spot, and was saying that it had been the dream of his life to see India. In thus follow ing in the footsteps of my father, we are but carrying out the tradition established by him — one which, we trust, will be repeated as generation succeeds generation. I hope, and, indeed, am confident, that the same loving interest in this great continent which was in spired in my father's heart by his visit to India, and which has never abated, will equally come to us. If, as we travel through the various countries which make up this great Empire, the Princess and I can win the sym pathy and goodwill of the peoples of India, we shall secure a precious result from the voyage we have been privileged to undertake. It is the last stage in our memorable and happy mission of four years ago through his Majesty's great Dominions across the seas. Though we are strangers to this beautiful WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 171 city, I have read much and heard much of your trials and achievements. As the capital of Western India and the port which links this Eastern Continent with the capitals of Europe, Bombay has had to adapt herself, more per haps than any other Oriental city, to the re quirements of modern life. She has to live up to her position. That position Is somewhat exacting; but. If I may judge from a brief Im pression as I stood on the threshold of this picturesque and fascinating land, from the sea, and from what I have observed here, Bombay does not fall short of her obligations. Apart from the beauty of her buildings and her natural advantages, she has thoughts for trade facilities, and for what Is of equal or perhaps greater importance — for the health and well-being of nearly 800,000 people. I am delighted to be associated with the new dock and with the opening of the first large street which the City Improvement Trust has constructed. Like all great cities which de pend on commerce, Bombay has had her vicis- 172 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE situdes; and your municipal history has its counterpart In many other cities of our Empire which I have had the pleasure of visiting. Your period of prosperity has endowed you with buildings and other possessions of which you may well be proud. But it has also brought you a population perhaps incon veniently large; and you are now wisely grap pling with the problems which have beset us in the West — the problems of wide streets and healthy industrial quarters. I wish you, Mr. Chairman, and all who are working for the welfare of Bombay, God speed ! I can imagine no nobler work than the endeavour of the in dividual to do something for his town. There Is one drawback to journeys such as that on which the Princess and I are now starting. Time is all too short to see every thing, and to tell everyone who has joined in greeting us how heartily grateful we are. I have inherited from my father and from our late beloved Sovereign, your first Queen-Em press, a love for India and Indians, From WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 173 my youth I have associated the name of India with qualities of kindness, loyalty, courtesy, and bravery, and doubt not that these early ideas will be confirmed and strengthened by the experiences which await me during the next few months. '¦ If we had been asked to suggest an object for your warm-hearted and generous efforts, we should have chosen an institution such as you contemplate, for we have heard of the pleasure which museums in other parts of India afford the people. It Interests me to find that in this land, so strange at present to me, you are following ideas which are very familiar to us in Great Britain and throughout the Empire, Day by day we are grasping the importance of education by object-lessons; and I anticipate the happiest results from the museum, library, and art gallery which will ' nth November, 1905. In laying the foundation- stone of the new Museum at Bombay. 174 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE one day stand on this spot. If, as you assure us, the buildings are to be fully in keeping with the other architectural adornments of this beautiful city, then we shall feel that our visit has not only brought pleasure to our selves, but permanent advantage and happi ness to the citizens of Bombay, and the thou sands of strangers who visit this busy centre of commerce and government. To-day's ceremony is a practical proof of the public spirit of the people of Bombay, about which I have so often heard. At the same time you were fortunate to have in Lord Lamington a Governor quick to see the local want. I must also congratulate you on your corporation, which has been wise to recognize that a great capital like this has its Intel lectual as well as its material requirements, and last, but by no means least, on having in your midst such citizens as your Sheriff, Mr. Sassoon J. David, and Mr. Carrimbhoy Ibra him. I hope that they and all you who have helped to bring this public-spirited idea to a WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 175 fulfilment will live long to see and enjoy what, under wise and experienced direction, may prove to be one of the most important bene ficial institutions of Bombay. 176 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE I M PORTA NCE OF CEREMONIA L Indore (17M November): ^ Major Daly, will you tell the chiefs of Central India how glad I am to have this opportunity of seeing them? As they already know, I had hoped to meet some of them at Agra, where I should have exchanged visits with them ; but owing to the scarcity which has befallen Rajputana, our tour has been changed at the last moment, and I have been enabled to come to Indore, where, by a fortu nate chance, nearly all the chiefs of Central India are assembled. I wish you to explain to them that I, like all the members of my House, attach great importance to the ob- ^ When the last chief at the Durbar had made his obeisance, the Prince thus addressed Major Daly, official agent to the Governor-General. WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 177 servance of ceremonial customs, and, if time had allowed, should have exchanged visits with the chiefs as I did at Bombay. But time does not allow ; and I must count myself for tunate that I am able to see them at to-day's Durbar. My visit here is of a somewhat in formal character, and I wish you clearly to explain to all present that any omission which arises purely from lack of time is not to form a precedent, nor to detract from the privileges and customs which I cherish and esteem as dearly as any chief in India. Udaipur (iStk November): We are both delighted that our first visit as guests of an Indian Chief should have been to your beautiful capital. Here we are truly in a new world, and, from the moment when we arrived in your State to this hour, one charming impression has been quickly fol lowed by another. We have heard much of the Rajputs, and have had the pleasure of meeting those of other clans in England; but n 178 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE to realize the splendid traditions of chivalry, freedom, and courtesy which are the proud possession of the Rajput, one must see him in his own home; and for the Princess and my self, I say in all sincerity that all we have heard and read in praise of Rajputana is dwarfed by what we have seen in one short day. It would be almost superfluous to say to those present anything about the noble reputa tion your Highness has won for yourself in Rajputana and in India, for they have all en joyed the pleasure and privilege experienced by the Princess and myself to-day in seeing and conversing with the famous Chief of the Sesodins. WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 179 THE FAMINE FUND Jaipur {12nd November): In all the brilliant company which assembled in London to take part in the Coronation of the King-Emperor, there was no more striking or respected personality than that of the Maha raja of Jaipur, and his retinue on that occasion, for your Highness travelled to England with all the circumstance of a Rajput Chief, and the observances of a great Hindu prepared us In some measure for the feudal splendours which we see around us In this exquisite capital. But we had no idea of Jaipur Itself, Its perfect city, and the well-ordered administration of the State. We have, most unfortunately, ar rived in your HIghness's country when your people are threatened by scarcity; but the Chief who, with noble munificence, founded i8o THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE the Indian People's Famine Fund may well be trusted to see that every measure shall be taken to alleviate want among his own sub jects. We have listened with feelings of the deepest satisfaction to your HIghness's an nouncement that you and the Maharanee in tend to commemorate our visit to Jaipur by respectively presenting three lakhs and one lakh of rupees to the Indian People's Famine Fund. We are greatly touched by this fresh proof of your HIghness's generosity and your sympathy with those in distress. Believe me that no building — indeed no form of memorial of our visit — could be more acceptable to us than this addition to the funds of the great national work of mercy of which you yourself were the founder. I was much interested yesterday in seeing the Imperial Service Transport Corps main tained by you in so efficient a condition, primarily for the defence of India. I rejoice to think that the corps has been able to win laurels not only in military campaigns, but WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA i8i also in the strenuous war your Highness wages against famine. The hospitality of the Rajputs is proverbial ; we shall carry away with us the happiest recollections of our stay in Jaipur, and I shall always remember with the greatest pleasure that I shot my first tiger In your forest. i82 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE IRRIGATION WORKS Lahore (28^^ November) : Grieved as the Princess and I are that the Punjab should be afflicted with earthquakes and scarcity, it is some consolation to think that these disasters bring the peoples and the official classes closer together. It interests me everywhere to realize the great changes which have taken place since my dear father visited India. Perhaps in no part of the Empire are those changes more marked than in the Pun jab. Railways have greatly altered the condi tions of your province; but you have justly selected irrigation as the most noteworthy of the agencies of change. Until quite recently I had no idea of the boldness and magnitude of the great schemes which are rapidly adding new districts to the Punjab. All honour is WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 183 due to the engineers of the Irrigation Depart ment, who have devised these splendid works ; but we may be thankful, too, that in this fine country people are ready to move their homes to the new lands. I am glad that your town shares the general prosperity of the provinces, I trust that it will continue and increase. We shall in a short time have an opportunity of seeing the men who have won for the Punjab the name of the sword hand of India, Lahore has reason to be proud of being the capital of such a nursery of devoted and loyal soldiers. The King-Emperor will rejoice to receive your testimony that the people are happy and con tented, and will be touched by your eloquent expressions of love and attachment. Satwari {lotk December) : In England we are, perhaps, more familiar with the beauty and fair fame of the Vale of Kashmir than with the less known but not less honourable record of Jammu. I wish on this occasion to record the appreciation which i84 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE is felt by me and by my fellow countrymen of the brave and important services which his Highness and his Imperial Service troops have rendered to our Empire on the distant frontier of his State. I am rejoiced to hear of the great public works which his Highness is so wisely undertaking. These will undoubtedly add to the prosperity of his State and subjects, and are of a magnitude sufficient to make Kashmir famous even in this progressive age. I am glad, too, that the Maharaja is making efforts to give the advantages of higher educa tion to his people, and am delighted to think that our stay here is to be associated with a college called after me. Our visit to Jammu happily coincides with a constitutional change in the Government of Jammu and Kashmir; and we shall all most fervently wish that the change to which I have alluded will bring to his Highness the Maharaja honour and peace, and to his people security and happiness. WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 185 A NEW TAJ MAHAL Calcutta {^th January, 1906): ^ We are met to-day to commemorate a great sorrow and a great love. Everywhere the Princess of Wales and myself, in our journey through this vast and varied land, have had almost daily evidence of the ample manner in which India has returned the affection of her first Queen - Empress. This sentiment, so touching and so precious, finds its highest and most universal expression in the national monument with which the Princess and I are proud to be associated. To-day we have heard from Sir Andrew Eraser of the difficulties which attended the Initial stages of this great memorial ; and we ' In laying the foundation-stone of the Victoria Memorial Hall, i86 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE must all of us recognize that it is to Lord Curzon's untiring energy and devotion that the tribute to the late Queen-Empress has taken this national and far-reaching aspect. I am glad to know that the interest which he took in the building of this great hall will not cease with his departure from India, and that he will continue to show his sympathy with the undertaking. It is right and befitting that there should be memorials in all parts of India in honour of one who, though never privileged to see her Indian subjects in their own countries, seemed to have a peculiar power of being in touch and sympathy with all classes of this Continent. But it is still more befitting that there should be one memorial in India, a sym bol of the unity and concord which came from her all-embracing love for her people, and an enduring token of the affection which all Europeans and Indians, princes and peasants, felt for Queen Victoria. To us this wonderful expression of grati- WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 187 tude brings a natural pride. The Taj, which has delighted and fascinated us by its beauty and by its story, can never be rivalled in its grace; but, in generations to come, this me morial to a great Queen, whose sympathy conquered distance and space, may present to the historians reflections as hallowed as those which are inspired by the Taj Mahal. I congratulate the Executive Committee and the Trustees of this all-Indian Trust on the success which attended their patient labour of love. It will gain in the Earl of Minto further strength and encouragement; and I feel sure that the same spirit of affection and veneration which has brought this splendid and most worthy memorial into being, will, under his Excellency's guiding influence, cherish and quicken Its future progress. i88 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE ESSENCE OF BRITISH RULE Rangoon (132*/^ Jamtary) : It Is a source of never-ending wonder and satisfaction as I notice the extraordinary variety of races, religions, and languages so harmoniously blended in the large centres of the Indian Empire. This harmony is due to the wise policy of tolerance for all creeds and equal justice for all races, and is the basis and secret of the marvellous administration of which we in England are so proud, and for which you, and all those working for this country, whether officials or not officials, British or Oriental's, are entitled to all praise. Mandalay {i6th January): The Prince expressed his pleasure at visit ing the picturesque headquarters of Upper WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 189 Burma, which possessed a peculiar interest as being the latest addition to the Indian Em pire. Judging from what he had heard and what he now saw. Upper Burma had very rapidly advanced to the level and standard of British India. Mysore {^oth January): The Prince expressed his pleasure at the opportunity afforded of showing his sympathy with the artisans of India. He greatly admired their work, which he had seen In the various places he had visited; and he was heartily in favour of any movement which would tend to improve the handicrafts and raise the social position of the artisan. * It was a great regret to my dear father that he could not visit your State in 1875, ^"^ we consider ourselves fortunate In being able to ' 31st January. In reply to a loyal address read by the Maharaja. I90 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE avail ourselves of your most kind invitation to Mysore. We are delighted thus to become personally acquainted with your Highness, and to have an opportunity of gaining some experience of your State in these early years of your administration, and to visit the scenes of those stirring incidents which will live for ever in the history of Mysore, and, indeed, of India. It is, perhaps, superfluous for me to dilate on the attitude of the King-Emperor and of the late Queen-Empress towards the great rulingchiefsof the Indian Empire; but I may take the opportunity of saying that all I have seen during my visit to India has confirmed me in my high opinion and warm appreciation of those who, like your Highness, so steadily and loyally support the Government of the King-Emperor. If any proof were required of the wisdom of the policy of 1881 which re stored to your father the Province of Mysore, after fifty years of British administration, it is surely to be found in the contentment and WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 191 prosperity which the people of Mysore enjoy under the government of your Highness. It is interesting to hear of many enterprises, notably that of the Canvery electric works, and the general policy of irrigation and public works. Under the lead which we may expect from such a capable and enlightened ruler as our kind host, and with the assistance of statesmen of the type of the late Sir Shesha- dri Jyer, your province may look forward with confidence to making still greater strides. It was most gratifying to listen to your HIghness's allusion to the Imperial Service troops, and to hear from you that among those that formed our escort are men whose ancestors fought so gallantly at Seringapa- tam and Deccan. I am told that the old fight ing spirit of the South still pervades Mysore ; and my own brief observations have given me some idea of the efficiency of your cavalry. I learn that your transport is equally well organ ized and efficient; and I truly congratulate your Highness on the valuable troops Mysore 192 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE contributes towards the defence of the Indian Empire. Benares {\<^th February): The Princess of Wales and myself have been deeply touched by the affectionate greet ings accorded us in the great centres of India, and nowhere more than in this historic city, so dear and so sacred to the millions of the Hindu people. I feel that I cannot do better than recall the words of my dear father, spoken thirty years ago, when he expressed the intense pleasure he felt at being received in the centre of all the nations and all the peoples of Hindu origin; and, as our time in India is rapidly drawing to an end, we feel special satisfaction that our visit to this im portant and interesting home of Hinduism should be one of the last impressions of our delightful tour. WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 193 Quetta {i2tk MarcJi): The address which has just been read pre sents in very graphic language a story of which we may all feel proud. We, who are familiar with the older and more slowly-grow ing institutions of the West, are naturally struck with the rapid career of Quetta, You have mentioned the honoured name of Sir Robert Sandeman, who won the people of Baluchistan to ways of peace, and I doubt not that the traditions of that great man inspire and direct you in your labours ; and I can de tect in your address two of his qualities — courage and hope. May every success and prosperity attend your useful labours ! o 194 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE REGIMENTAL COLOURS Bangalore (6M February) : This is the first time I have presented a Standard to a Cavalry regiment; and I am especially glad to do so to a regiment which has a history so distinguished as yours (the Carabiniers, 6th Dragoon Guards). The re giment has served ten Sovereigns. It was founded in 1685, and its services were re warded only eight years later by King Wil liam III, who granted it the title of Cara biniers, by which name the regiment has ever since been known. It gained renown upon the battle-fields of the Duke of Marlborough, while In the past century it earned fresh laurels in the campaigns of the Crimea, the Indian Mutiny, and South Africa, On such an occa sion as this, it Is only right that the regiment WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 195 should recall with pride the deeds done in the past. I entrust this consecrated Standard to your care, and I know you will look up to It with those same feelings of loyalty to your King and country as have ever characterized the Carabiniers. Haidarabad (9^^ February) : In presenting colours to the Second Queen's Own Rajput Light Infantry, he became associ ated with a regiment whose career since its formation more than a century ago had been one continuous record of loyalty and gallantry in the field of battle, a regiment which was honoured In having the King-Emperor as its Colonel-in-Chief, and which received the title of " Queen's Own " in commemoration of King Edward's visit to India as Prince of Wales In 1875, when His Majesty was made Honorary Colonel. He became associated, he repeated, with a regiment which for distin guished service at the storming of Aligarh was permitted to bear a third colour, and for 196 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE steadfast and memorable loyalty to the Crown during the trying days of 1857 was made a Light Infantry Regiment, and which bore on its colours the names of no fewer than four teen campaigns or battles. These colours reminded them of deeds of fame and of that splendid page In their history which told how the regiment lost two hundred men in the first and unsuccessful siege of Bhurtpore, and how, twenty years later, before the second siege, strips of the colours borne in the first siege were produced by men who swore on them to earn as high a reputation as their predecessors. The record showed that they kept their oath. He knew that whenever they were called upon they would equally keep the oath taken upon the colours and add fresh lustre to the noble tradition which they had Inherited. Benares {21st February): During the one hundred and twelve years which had elapsed since the 2nd Battalion WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 197 South Staffordshire Regiment was raised, some of its most brilliant services were achieved in this portion of the Empire. In regard to its gallant conduct at Ferozeshah in 1845, Lord Hardinge, who was then Governor-General, described It as "that regiment which has earned immortal fame in the annals of the British Army." Not only on the field of battle had the regiment gained renown, for no fewer than three times had it suffered shipwreck in Eastern waters. There was no greater test of discipline than such terrible experiences; and the conduct of the 8oth Regiment at the last disaster of this nature, in 1844, was brought under the notice of Queen Victoria, and com mended In a General Order by the Governor- General. He was convinced that the regiment would be ever inspired by the same spirit of loyalty to King and country. Cairo (30^^ March) : I am very pleased to present these new colours to you [the 2nd Battalion Royal In- 198 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE niskilling Fusiliers] here to-day, on my way home from India. It was in that country that your battalion was first raised in 1853, and where it saw most of its active service. These colours bear the names of the campaigns and battles in which the regiment has taken part; and they will be rightly venerated as an em blem of the gallant deeds of those who served, and of the many who died for their Sovereign and country. I feel sure that the colours will be an incentive to all ranks to maintain the great tradition of the regiment, and to add fresh honourable records to Its history. WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 199 LESSONS OF THE GRAND TOUR Karachi {I'jth March): Your progress, in this rising and prosperous seaport, the capital of Sind, is remarkable even in an age of progress; but the figures which you have quoted and the strenuous policy of extending irrigation In Sind and the Punjab suggest the Idea that vast develop ments await your city and harbour in the immediate future. I am conscious of the fact that this place is destined to play an Important part in the future of our Empire; and if I may judge of the spirit of the inhabitants of Karachi from the sentiments expressed in your address, I have little fear but that you and your successors in office will be able to grapple with the difficult question of develop ment in a large and far-sighted manner. 200 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE Your concluding words of "God speed," for which we are both most grateful, remind us, alas! that our visit to India is near its end. I can assure you and our other friends in all parts of this great and wonderful land that we leave India with feelings of gratitude and affection. We have seen enough to make India a living reality to us, and enough to make us wish that we could see more, and to implant for ever in our hearts sympathy and interest in all that affects our fellow-subjects in India, of whatever creed or race. Although our receptions everywhere were scenes of brightness and splendour, and we have been greeted by thousands of cheerful and happy faces, we have not forgotten the hard lives led by those in the trying climates of the plains; and we know the miseries which beset the patient and hard-working peasant when the rains do not come in due season. We are both sincerely thankful to have been privileged to visit India, and to have gained Impressions that with future study and observation will WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 201 enable me to try to understand some of the problems of British administration; for I fully appreciate the advantages that a visit to this great continent must give to anyone In con sidering even the simplest Indian questions. Our journey has in all parts of India been most happy and delightful, thanks to the love and good-will that have been evinced by all classes. In bidding India farewell we can truly say that our visit has been to us an unending, an unbroken series of happy and most instructive experiences. [The Prince's last words were in unveiling a statue of Queen Victoria, and in reference to the figures of Peace and Justice at its base :] You do right to connect them with the memory of Queen Victoria, for she greatly desired that her Indian subjects should ever enjoy these blessings. 202 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE A PANORAMA OF INDIA At Guildhall (17^^ May, 1906): The seven months' absence has been to us a happy and interesting experience. Still, we rejoice to be at home again, and are thankful to God that He has spared us to return to our children and to those that are dear to us. It is nearly five years ago that the Princess of Wales and I were entertained by the Lord Mayor and the City of London In this ancient hall on the termination of our memorable tour to our sister nations beyond the seas. We are met here to-day under similar circum stances, and the conclusion of our visit to the great Indian Empire may, I think, be regarded as the completion of the mission originally en trusted to us by the King. It is a great satis faction to us that we have been privileged to WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 203 visit nearly every part of the British Empire. In thus accomplishing what has been the am bition of our lives, the Princess and I desire to express our sincere gratitude to the country for having enabled us to make this long voy age in such a fine vessel as the Renown. No less warmly do we thank the Government of India for the admirable arrangements for our railway journeys of nearly nine thousand miles, which were made with every possible consideration for our convenience and safety. It may, perhaps, interest you to know that we spent twenty-eight nights in our comfortable train. From the 9th of November, the day of our brilliant reception on landing at Bombay, until the moment of our departure from Karachi on the 19th of March, we were wel comed everywhere with a display of enthusi asm and affection which profoundly touched us, and the memory of which will never fade from our minds. We were still more Impressed by the unmistakable proofs of genuine devotion and personal attachment to the King-Em- 204 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE peror. At every place we visited where my dear father had been thirty years ago, the event was spoken of with the keenest interest and pride, not only by those who remember seeing him, but also by the younger genera tion. Although we were welcomed everywhere by happy, holiday-making crowds which thronged the gaily-decorated streets, we did not forget the misery and poverty which, alas! existed in certain districts afflicted by famine through which we passed. When at Gwalior, I had the opportunity of inspecting a famine camp, and saw with sad interest, but with satisfac tion, the excellent arrangements effectively carried out for mitigating the sufferings of upwards of 6,000 men, women, and children, who were there employed, fed, and cared for. Our visits to several of the great Feudatory States will always be reckoned among the happiest and most interesting of our experi ences. We were received by the respective rulers and their peoples with the warmest en- WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 205 thusiasm, with all the gorgeousness and cir cumstance of old Indian customs, and by them entertained with magnificent hospitality, I enjoyed social Intercourse with many of these great Princes, and I was impressed with their loyalty and personal allegiance to the Crown, their nobility of mind, their chivalrous nature, and the great powers which they possess for doing good. I might mention that in several of these States the Imperial Service troops are an important feature. They are raised, equipped, and maintained by the Princes themselves, to be placed at our dis posal in case of war. Though these States supply their own officers, these regiments are under the guidance and inspection of British Officers; and it is to be hoped that this excel lent movement may be extended throughout all the Feudatory States. No one could possibly fail to be struck with the wonderful administration of India. Time did not permit of our leaving the beaten track for the interior of the country, and thereby 2o6 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE gaining an insight into the machinery of that most efficient organisation, the Government of a district. But we had opportunities of see ing at the headquarters of the Presidencies and of the different Provinces the general and admirable working of the Civil Service. At the same time, we realized that it is a mere handful of highly-educated British officials, often living a hard and strenuous life, fre quently separated from their fellow-country men, and subject to the trials and discomforts of the plains, who are working hand-In-hand with representatives of the different races In the administration of enormous areas, in the government of millions of people. During the month of December, in the neighbourhood of Rawal PIndl, I had the pleasure of staying with Lord Kitchener in his camp of manoeuvres, and witnessed opera tions on an extended scale between two armies numbering in all over 55,000 men, terminating in a review and march past of the largest force ever brought together in India in time of WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 207 peace. I was struck with the general fitness and the splendid appearance of the British troops, with the physique and power of en durance of the Native Army, and the dash of its cavalry, while throughout the army I found an earnest desire for increased efficiency and for readiness to take the field. I was specially glad to have this opportunity of being associ ated with our magnificent army in India under such practical conditions. I am proud to say that during my tour I was able to inspect 143,000 troops. Having seen several colleges and other educational institutions in different parts of India, I gained some slight idea of the efforts that are being made to place within the reach of all classes a liberal education. Let me take as an example the great Mohammedan college and school at Aligarh, which Is supported and controlled by the private enterprise of Mo hammedan gentlemen from all parts of India. A residential system similar to that at Oxford and Cambridge has been adopted. At the 2o8 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE same time athletics are not neglected, and in all schools and colleges there is much emula tion in cricket and football. Undoubtedly, such institutions must materially affect the formation of character in future generations. If I were asked to name any general im pressions which I have formed during this exceptional but all too short experience, they would be that I have learnt to appreciate the fact that India cannot be regarded as one country. We talk casually of going to India. But the majority of us, perhaps, do not realize that it is a continent with an area equal to the whole of Europe, without Russia, containing a population of 300,000,000 of diverse races, languages, and creeds, and many different grades of civilization. I was struck with its Immense size, its splendour, its numerous races, its varied climate, its snow-capped mountains. Its boundless deserts, its mighty rivers, its architectural monuments, and its ancient traditions. I have realized the patience, the simplicity of life, the loyal devotion, and WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 209 the religious spirit which characterizes the Indian peoples. I know also their faith in the absolute justice and integrity of our rule. I cannot help thinking from all I have heard and seen that the task of governing India will be made the easier if we, on our part, infuse into it a wider element of sympathy. I will venture to predict that to such sympathy there will be an ever-abundant and genuine response. May we not also hope for a still fuller measure of trust and confidence in our earnest desire and efforts to promote the well-being, and to further the best interests, of every class? In speaking of my impressions, I should like very briefly to record a few of those scenes and incidents which will be to us of lasting value. Would that I were able in any way to picture our arrival in Bombay, amid the greet ings and hearty acclamations of its cosmopoli tan population, dressed in every conceivable colour, and all beneath the clearest blue of an Eastern sky. Quitting Bombay in tropical heat, my thoughts carry me from there over p 2IO THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE hundreds of miles, almost as far as from Lon don to Constantinople, to the rigorous climate of the Khyber pass. The Union Jack, floating over the fortress of Jamrud, reminds us that British protection is guaranteed to the cara vans that pass twice a week to and from Afghanistan, throughout this twenty-five miles of neutral territory. At Lundi Kotal, the further entrance of the Pass, five British officers and a regiment of Afridis — that tribe which only a few years ago was fighting against us — now garrison this lonely outpost to our Indian Empire. To the historic strong hold of AH Musjid came the leading Khans, each bringing offerings of goodwill in the shape of the pick of their flocks of sheep, and the finest specimens of their honey. Contrast such wild and semi-civilized scenes with Delhi and Agra, those centres of artistic wealth and of priceless architectural monu ments, for the preservation of which, and the great care bestowed upon them, universal thanks are due to the late Viceroy, Lord WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 211 Curzon. Imagine us next at Gwalior, and later on at Benares, making our public entry under conditions impossible in any other part of the world, mounted as we were on ele phants, gorgeously caparisoned, and passing amid escorts and troops clothed and equipped in all the picturesqueness of mediaeval page antry. But, among all these varied and striking impressions, none have stirred our hearts as did the Ridge at Delhi, and the grounds and ruins of the Lucknow Residency. They re called with vivid reality those glorious heroes and those thrilling deeds which will for ever make sacred the story of the Indian Mutiny. I think you will be interested to know that Colonel Bonham, one of the few survivors of the siege of Lucknow, is present here among us to-day. Although he was wounded three times during the siege, I am glad to say he Is still fit and well, and was good enough to act as our guide when we were at Lucknow in December last. The New Year saw us in Calcutta, the capital 212 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE of India, and the second largest city of the British Empire, where our reception was most cordial and sympathetic. Here I had the satis faction of laying the foundation-stone of the Queen Victoria Memorial Hall, a great and national memorial, the inception of which is chiefly due to Lord Curzon, to be a treasure- house of relics and records of the life and reign of our late beloved Sovereign, whose memory is held in loving veneration by every race throughout the Continent of India. If time permitted, I should like to dwell upon Burma, so different, as it is, from India in the nature of its people and in its social character istics; to speak of the famous golden pagoda at Rangoon, of the interesting sights at Man dalay, and of three delightful days spent on the great River Irrawaddy. Let us change the scene to Madras and its historic associations, so closely connected with the foundation of our Indian Empire. Let us pass thence through the hot plains of Southern India, journeying northwards through Benares, the metropolis WITH THE PEOPLES OF INDIA 213 of Hinduism, with its sacred river and famous shrines, until at length we re-enter the region of frost and snows at Quetta, with its outpost at Chaman, another gateway in that wild and mountainous district which constitutes our north-west frontier of India. Leaving Quetta, we retrace our steps through that triumph of engineering skill, the railroad through the Bolan Pass; and, descending from an altitude of 5,500 feet, we pass through the burning plains of Sind and reach Karachi, the rapidly growing port of that province. And here we bid farewell to the country, where for many months we had found a second home, and for whose people we shall preserve a lasting affection. But these are mere first impressions. I am fully aware how Impossible it is to gain ac curate and Intimate knowledge of so vast a country by a visit of only four and a half months. Yet I would strongly suggest to those who are interested in the great ques tions which surround the India of to-day 214 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE to go there and learn as much as is possible by personal observation on the spot. I can not but think that every Briton who treads the soil of India is assisting towards a better understanding with the Mother Country, help ing to break down prejudice, to dispel mis apprehension, and to foster sympathy and brotherhood. Thus he will not only strengthen the old ties, but create new ones, and so, please God, secure a better understanding and a closer union of hearts between the Mother Country and her Indian Empire. TRADE, EDUCATION, AND HEALTH 1906 — 1910 COTTON PROBLEMS ^ It is with much satisfaction that we re visit Liverpool, where on previous occasions we have always been accorded a most kind and friendly reception; and I am especially glad to be Identified with this important un dertaking, for it is a proof of the spirit of enterprise and progress inherent in your as sociation that you recognize the necessity of endeavouring to hold your own in the com petition of other nations, in order to maintain the high position of the Empire in the trade of the world. ' 30th November, 1906. In opening the Cotton Ex change at Liverpool. 215 2i6 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE I have followed with interest the efforts which are being made to encourage and de velop the cultivation of British cotton. I had an opportunity of seeing an exhibition illustrating British cotton growing which was held last year at the Imperial Institute, and afforded proofs of the progress made in cotton growing in the West Indies, West Africa, and elsewhere In the British dominions. I feel sure that representatives of the cotton trade of Lancashire will share my hope that this move ment will ultimately prove successful. I re joice to hear of the remarkable prosperity which has attended the cotton-spinning in dustry in Lancashire during the past two years. I learn that last year over ten million bales of cotton were consumed in Europe for manu facturing purposes, and of this nearly one-half was taken by British manufacturers; and we all know that the greatest part of that enor mous supply must have been landed in your world-renowned port. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 217 THE CALL OF THE SEA ^ In returning thanks for the congratula tions on his promotion to Admiral, the Prince expressed the wish that he could fly his flag at the main, but he was afraid that this was now impossible. It was just thirty years ago that he joined the Navy. As there were so many of his brother officers present at the meeting, he would like to tell them, as a measure of his interest in the Service, that he had decided that his eldest son should go to Osborne College In the following May, should he pass the examination, as he hoped. Al though, perhaps, his eldest son might not be able to make the Navy his career, he hoped one of his other sons, perhaps, might be able to do so. ' nth March, 1907. In presiding at the 14th annual meeting of the Royal Naval Fund. 2i8 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE PROGRESS OF GLASGOW ^ He realized that the years Intervening since their former visit ten years before, had wit nessed a great development in the commercial prosperity of Glasgow. On the occasion of their last visit, they opened a new and extensive dock of sufficient capacity, as was then thought, to meet all the demands of their great sea-borne trade. That week they were to assist in in augurating a further dock extension no less vast and important, which the ever-growing demands of their port had rendered necessary. They were glad to know that the Glasgow citizens had been fully alive to their duties and responsibilities, that insanitary areas had been swept away, that improved and healthy ' 23rd April, 1907. On receiving the Freedom of the City of Glasgow. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 219 dwellings for the working classes had been built, that parks and other open spaces had been reserved, and that cheap means of loco motion had been provided. It was interesting to learn that, during the last forty years, while Glasgow's population had doubled, the death- rate had diminished by almost one-half, a fact which bore striking testimony to the success ful efforts of those to whom the health and sanitation of their city had been entrusted. It was a pleasant satisfaction to them that their first duty as the youngest burgesses- of Glasgow should be to take part in the cere mony of laying the foundation-stone of what would be a complete reconstruction of their Royal Infirmary, a work which testified to the liberality of the richer members of the com munity in providing the best and most efficient means of alleviating the sufferings of the sick and poor. Amidst all the kind and generous arrangements which had been made in honour of their visit, they rejoiced to think that Glas gow had undertaken to entertain on the mor- 220 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE row twelve thousand of the poorer citizens. Once more he begged to assure them how greatly the Princess and he appreciated the honour which had been done them in enrolling them as burgesses and guild brother and sister of the Royal Burgh of Glasgow. ^ He was glad to think that his first act as a member of the University of Glasgow should be to open its new buildings, particulars of which had been read by the Convener of the Committee. His interesting historical sketch of the growth of the buildings might be re garded as a proof of the vitality of that ancient seat of learning, and its prompt recognition of the scientific study of teaching which was re quired by the practical spirit of the age in which we were living. Necessary means for the carrying out of that new building scheme had been found through the liberality of the ever-generous public of the West of Scotland. ^ On receiving the degree of Doctor of Laws at Glasgow University. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 221 But, while money was, of course, the chief motive-power of any such undertaking, it was also essential that the right man should be at hand to guide and control that force with en thusiasm and judgment. In this instance, for tunately for that University, the movement was inspired by the strong personality of its late Principal, Dr. Story, who was, alas ! not permitted to see the accomplishment of a scheme which he had so very much at heart. They could, however, congratulate their re vered Chancellor on the satisfaction and thank fulness which that day's ceremony must bring to him, for he saw in those splendid buildings the gratifying results of the labours, investiga tion, and research commenced by him sixty years before. He earnestly trusted that the new buildings might in every way fulfil the conditions for which they were designed. If in years to come still further extensions were re quired, he felt confident that they would be carried out In the same liberal spirit which had characterized that undertaking. 222 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE ^ When invited to visit Glasgow, it was with especial satisfaction that I found we should be asked to join In the important undertaking which we are about to Initiate, the reconstruc tion of your Royal Infirmary, for I sympathize with the progressive spirit of the citizens of Glasgow, who, while recognizing the great work accomplished by this Institution for more than a century, at the same time realize that neither in construction nor equipment is it capable of meeting the various requirements, medical and surgical, of the present day. They evidently see that it must keep pace with the results of scientific research and the discoveries of those like Lord Lister, of whose connection with this hospital you are so rightly proud. Every year's experience in the work of our hospitals, so nobly supported by voluntary aid and the gratuitous services of those most eminent in medicine and surgery, impresses me with the vital Importance of guaranteeing ' 24th April, at the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 223 to the public, through whose liberality these enormous institutions are maintained, that they are administered in a wise, sound, and business-like way. 224 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE WORK ON THE CLYDE ' {a) We are very glad to assist in the ceremony of laying the memorial stone of this important dock, to declare it open for traffic, and to name It after one of the ancient Scottish titles which I am proud to bear. We are touched that our coming here should be associated In your mind with my illustrious grandmother, Queen Vic toria, who visited the Clyde to open the first important dock nearly sixty years ago. We have not forgotten the occasion, in 1897, when we had the satisfaction of opening and naming the Princes Dock, which your address tells us, in spite of its vast area, is already over crowded with vessels of the highest class. All you tell us of the construction of the new tidal ' 25th A^ril, 1907. {a) In opening the Rothesay Dock, and [b) in reply to an address at Clydebank. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 225 dock is of the utmost interest, for it shows that, by the adoption of the latest scientific dis coveries and inventions, you are alive to the importance of keeping pace with the times and doing all in your power to cope with the rapidly Increasing trade and growth of local in dustries generally, and so to give greater means of employment to the ever-growing population of Glasgow and its neighbourhood. (3) As a sailor, I congratulate your shipyards on the production of battleships and cruisers of the most recent type, and also one of the largest ocean liners afloat. The Princess, on her part. Is interested to learn that, in the mar vellous production of a million sewing machines in one year, you have largely helped to supply what has become almost a necessity in every home. We are glad to be associated with an undertaking which is calculated to Increase further the prosperity of a rapidly-developing district. Q 226 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE S. P. G. ^ We are here to-day to carry out the pleas ant and important ceremony of inaugurating what will be the centre of the work of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel In Foreign Parts. From personal observation in almost every part of the Empire, I can testify to the great results it has achieved, to the strenuousness and self-denying life of its workers, and to its remarkable success in sup plying to our fellow-countrymen who may be dwelling abroad in the remotest districts of India or the Colonies the religious oppor tunities which they have learned to value as members of the national Church of England. But it is almost unnecessary to remind our- ' 27th April, 1907. Laying the foundation stone of the new S. P. G. building in Wood Street, Westminster. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 227 selves that these objects cannot be attained, at all events in the earlier days of a colony's life and progress, without the generous support of the Church at home. I know all here will join us in wishing God-speed to the labours of the Society. 228 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE INDIA FOR ARTISTS ^ I recall the fact that, thirty years ago this month, my dear brother and I joined the Navy. Yesterday I took my eldest son to the Royal Naval College at Osborne. Although I fear my son will not be able to make the Navy his profession, as I did, I know he will receive an excellent education there, and he will become connected with that splendid service to which I am myself so devoted. I hope, too, that he will make many friends among those who are to be our future naval officers. The last time I had the pleasure of speaking at the Academy dinner, two years ago, the Princess and I were about to visit India. All our anticipations were more than realized in ' 4th May, 1907. At the Royal Academy banquet, Sir E. J. Poynter presiding. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 229 that marvellous country. Alas, I am not an artist; but, in speaking to this distinguished company, I am bold enough to suggest a visit to that wonderful land, which everywhere seemed to appeal to one's artistic feelings and sympathies. You must remember that in India, as elsewhere, times are changing; the streets in the ancient cities are vanishing, and Western ideas, tastes, and fashions are slowly but surely asserting themselves. Still, I venture to say there is ample scope for the painter in landscape. He will find, for instance, all the picturesque surroundings of the old-world customs of the Rajput prince, the quaint, peaceful life of the villages, the beauty of the great and silent jungles, and the gorgeous sun set effects of the desert. The student of archi tecture will find endless resources in the earlier Middle Age buildings, both Mohammedan and Hindu. To my mind I have never seen anything more beautiful than the palaces, mosques, and tombs at Agra and Delhi; and surely the portrait painter would find a large 230 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE and possibly a profitable field for his talent. I should like to remind you that one of the earliest Royal Academicians journeyed to India more than 120 years ago, and did much work there, I believe, with some considerable pecuni ary profit. I have had the pleasure of seeing one of his most famous works in the church of St. John at Calcutta. I am happy to think that the beautiful monuments of India are so well cared for. No one who went to India could fail to be grateful to Lord Curzon for all that he did to preserve the great architectural treasures of that country. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 231 FIGHTING THE WHITE PLAGUE ^ Among the many duties discharged by the different members of our family, I know there Is nothing with which they sympathize more truly than the efforts to improve and brighten the lives of those whose lot is cast amidst poverty and suffering. The King, as his Excellency is kind enough to remind us, has always taken a keen interest in all endeavours directed towards the object for which we are met here this evening. The Sanatorium for Consumption at MIdhurst, which bears his name, was one of the first of those Institutions ' 14th May, 1907. The Prince presided at the Hotel Cecil at a dinner in aid of the National Association for the Establishment of Sanatoria for Workers Suffering from Tuberculosis, spoke in reply to a toast proposed by the American Ambassador, and then proposed " Suc cess to the Association." 232 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE established in this country. In the early days of the existence of this Association the Com mittee was fortunate enough to obtain the patronage of Princess Christian. I am very proud to have been asked to preside at this dinner to-night, and with your help to further the work which has been begun under such happy and hopeful auspices. I hope you will allow me to mention a few of the most important points connected with the history of the Association. The scheme was initiated through a deputation from the National Society for the Prevention of Tuber culosis to the Hospital Saturday Fund. That charity was lucky in having as its secretary Mr. Bunn, who from the first sympathized keenly with the undertaking; and it was mainly due to him that the Committee was able to draw up a practical plan and put it into effect. Representatives of the Saturday Fund were sent to Germany, which country has taken a leading part in combating the evil of tuber- TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 233 culosis. On their return, meetings were held at which all the great Friendly Societies and Trade Unions were represented; and finally the National Association for the Establish ment and Maintenance of Sanatoria for Work ers suffering from Tuberculosis was founded, and started work under the patronage of Prin cess Christian. As a commencement, it was decided to start a parent society having a sanatorium of two hundred beds, hoping that, if It were proved to be a financial as well as an educational success, inducementwould be given to form branches around London and in differ ent parts of the country. But it was found that, although the Friendly Societies could legally maintain beds in these Institutions, they could not draw upon their capital to build sanatoria. Hence the appeal to the public — and with such successful results that land was bought at Benenden in Kent, building was commenced, the foundation stone was laid by Princess Christian on 14th July, 1906, and the first patient was admitted on 4th March, 1907. 234 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE The sanatorium at Benenden has been es tablished for so short a time that it is impos sible to give many particulars as to the results of its work. Among the patients are to be found telegraphists, sorters and postmen, artisans and labourers. As an instance of the benefits derived from their treatment, I might mention that the average increase in weight up to the present time of these first inmates is two pounds per man; and in one Instance a patient sent by the Hearts of Oak Benefit Society, who had very slight Indications of tuberculosis, was admitted and progressed so satisfactorily that he Is now back again at full work. Additional accommodation is already urgently required. Cases have occurred in which payment was guaranteed for patients, but for whom no beds were available, and who have, alas, since died. If we are successful in raising the funds necessary to complete the building of the present institution, and If it can be proved to be financially successful, it is hoped that the affiliated societies may con- TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 235 sider themselves justified in applying for powers to build their own sanatoria out of their invested funds. The sanatorium treatment aims at giving its patients, as has been said, "double ra tions of food and rest and half rations of work." The farm colony is an Important de partment of the sanatorium, for it enables the patient to be retained for an after-cure, and to be gradually hardened so that he can resume full work on his discharge with a minimum risk of another break-down of health. It is greatly to be hoped that funds will be available to carry out this essential feature of the treatment. Here let me call your attention to one special advantage of the scheme, namely, that during the whole period of treatment In the sanatorium and farm colony the patients' sick pay from his society goes to his wife and family. The societies already affiliated to the National Association number over 3,000,000 of the working men who make provision for 236 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE themselves in case of sickness. This is exclu sive of their wives and families, who are also eligible for admission. The maintenance of the beds is guaranteed without any further calls upon the public. The working man Is paying for his own cure, and so rendering himself independent of charity. The scheme has great educational benefits, for it teaches the patient how to live cleanly, soberly, and healthily, so that when he returns home he may bring into his daily life those habits which he has learnt during his sojourn in the sanatorium. It will relieve existing charities, as hitherto many working men could only have recourse to sanatoria or hospitals which are supported by voluntary contributions. And, above everything, the scheme proves that British men and women are ready to help those who make an effort to help themselves. It seems to me an ideal work of benevolence — the highest and best form of co-operation. But it is obvious that, in any way to grapple with what has been truly called "the great TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 237 white plague," our means must be vastly In creased. At the present moment there are less than 1,000 beds in this country for the open- air treatment of our working classes — yet the mortality among the 15,000,000 who are members of the Friendly Societies and Trade Unions is upwards of 28,500 lives per year from this disease. No apology seems neces sary when asking for public support for this noble work, for its claim upon our benevolence is overwhelming. The object of the National Association is to bring the most powerful forces which can be enlisted to attack in its earliest stages that insidious disease which slowly saps the vitality of the breadwinner. It claims as its yearly victims in London alone upwards of 16,000 persons — a greater disaster to the national life than any war, for It is a perennial loss. Moreover, it robs the suf ferer of his wages, and it is estimated that the working classes of London lose annually ;^4,ooo,ooo in wages from this cause. Is it not the bounden duty of us who are blessed 238 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE with health to do everything in our power, and according to our means, to cope with this terrible scourge, which entails acute misery in thousands of homes, and brings too often the individual sufferer to end his days in abject poverty? I have endeavoured to bring home to your hearts the high ideals of the great enterprise with which by our presence here this evening we identify ourselves. Would that you had been addressed by words more eloquent than mine on behalf of a work which seems to me unique in its conception, unique in its possi bilities ! But, though words may fail me, they are Inspired by the conviction that never have I pleaded for a cause more noble or more righteous than that for which I now earnestly crave your generous aid. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 239 THE UNION JACK CLUB ^ The creation in London of this club, as a national tribute to the memory of the sailors, soldiers, and marines who fought and died in the service of their country, is of especial significance, for it testifies to a sympathy be tween the public generally and the services; and I venture to think that everything which is done to foster this feeling is not only a benefit to the services themselves, but to the State. The enthusiasm naturally evoked by war soon abates when a nation relapses into conditions of peace. But this institution will, I hope, stand as a lasting testimony to those sentiments of grateful admiration which were ^ 2ist July, 1904. In laying the foundation-stone of the Union Jack Club, Waterloo Road, S.W. 240 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE aroused throughout the country by the gallant deeds of our sailors and soldiers during the South African campaign, and serve as a fresh link between civilians and the services. It will also be a means of bringing together the members of the two sister services, teaching them to better appreciate one another, and to thus effect a closer union between Navy and Army. I fully share the opinion expressed that the Union Jack Club will contribute to the moral interests of the Navy and Army. I can personally testify to the excellent results of the sailors' and soldiers' homes, many of which I have inspected both at home and in distant parts of the Empire. Among the latter, I should like to mention the Royal Navy House at Sydney, which for many years has done much for the bluejackets and marines on the Australian station. There is an in creased satisfaction to me in assisting at this ceremony, for, though my professional career has been a naval one, circumstances have in TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 241 more recent times associated me with the army, to which I am equally proud to belong, * It is now rather more than four years ago that the project of founding, as a national memorial to the men of both services who have lost their lives in recent campaigns, an institution in the nature of a Club for the use of the many thousands of sailors, soldiers, and marines who yearly pass through London, first took concrete shape, when the Lord Mayor presided over an influential meeting at the Mansion House. Such an institution, it was hoped, would provide a comfortable temporary home and meeting-place where food and ac commodation could be obtained at prices within the means of the men, and would prove a potent factor for good In keeping them from the many temptations which beset sailors and soldiers in uniform on arrival in the metro- ^ 1st July, 1907. At the opening of the Club, ad dressing his Majesty the King. R 242 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE polls. Contributing, as it would, both to the moral and material welfare of the sailor and soldier, so good an object could not fail to enlist the generosity and support of all who desired to mark their appreciation of the gal lantry and self-sacrifice of the defenders of their country. After four years of work, the Council have the honour to-day, on behalf of the general body of subscribers, to offer to your Majesty, as head of the Navy and Army, and for their use, this Club, built in a position exception ally favourable for its purpose, opposite the great terminus through which nearly 200,000 men pass annually, containing over 200 bed rooms (mostly dedicated to ships or regiments, or as memorials to fallen comrades), with all the public rooms and accessories of an ordinary club-house, and fully equipped for immediate occupation. The completion of the scheme has involved a capital outlay of some ;^8o,ooo, the whole of which amount the Council are glad to say has now been raised. The in- TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 243 auguration of the Club under the happy auspices of your Majesties' presence is a good omen for its future success, to ensure which no effort will be spared by those who are asso ciated with the conduct of its affairs. 244 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE CANCER RESEARCH^ ^ («) I have been much interested in listening to Sir William Church's remarks on this year's report of the general superintendent. We have every reason to be satisfied with the growing confidence of the public in the work of the Fund. This Is evident from the wide development of its investigations, in which workers in all parts of the world are now taking part; from the endeavours which are now being made in France, Belgium, Scan dinavia, and the United States to organize similar investigations ; and last, but not least, from the munificent donation of ;^40,ooo from Mr. Bischoffsheim, a vice-president, and Mrs. Bischoffsheim, in celebration of the happy ^ (a) ist July, 1907. At the sixth meeting of the General Committee of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund. (5) Meeting on 9th July, 1909. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 245 event of their golden wedding. I am glad to have this opportunity of publicly expressing my deep appreciation of their splendid and unexpected gift. The broad lines of inquiry undertaken by the Imperial Cancer Research Fund have, we feel certain, influenced the whole nature of in vestigation at home and abroad. It Is recog nized that the work is conceived and carried out in a liberal spirit, and whatever facts are ascertained are immediately made known to everyone ; that our material is freely placed at the disposal of all who are qualified to use it to good advantage ; that our staff is not work ing for its own ends, but with a whole-hearted desire to help on a solution of the problem. From the general superintendent's report, we may gather that the result of the research has been to leave behind various vague issues which it was necessary to investigate In order to clear away doubts, and to narrow down the issue to a certain definite line of investiga tion in which the clue to the nature of cancer 246 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE must be sought. Although many new facts have been ascertained, they do not as yet justify hopes of a new treatment. Good progress is being made in a scientific sense, which is, after all, the object of the work; and, as scientific research must be sure and accurate, so must It be laborious and slow. It is hoped, therefore, that the public will continue by its sympathy and financial assist ance to support the work of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund, and be willing to ex ercise the patience necessary for prolonged and systematic investigation. Compared with other diseases, cancer has, alas, such peculiar terrors of its own that impatience for the dis covery of the cause and of successful treatment is only natural. But the fact that alleged cures are being submitted to Impartial tests, such as the report shows to have been done in the case of Trypsin, will, I hope, assure the public that everything will be done to take full advan tage of any means that may be discovered to alleviate suffering. Another tribute to the sue- TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 247 cess of the efforts of the fund is the number of applications from skilled investigators to take part in the work. Thanks to the liberality of the Royal Colleges, further accommodation has been placed at the disposal of the general superintendent; and he has therefore been enabled to add materially to the staff. (b) I think we may congratulate ourselves upon the results of the work of the fund in the past year. In the report of the Executive Com mittee, reference Is made to a petition which was presented by the International Association for Cancer Research In Berlin to his Majesty the King during his visit to Germany. The corre spondence which has taken place and all the proceedings of the Executive Committee on this subject were submitted to me; and I wish now to say that I gave my approval to the decision of the Executive Committee, feeling convinced that the methods adopted by the Imperial Cancer Research Fund of freely dis tributing their material to workers in every 248 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE country, of permitting anyone with satisfactory credentials to study our methods in our labor atories, and of encouraging international col laboration among the workers in the various cancer laboratories, are the wisest and most efficient means of advancing the study of cancer. This policy of active laboratory col laboration, as distinct from conferences, has been productive of much good work already, because, whilst the Fund has achieved a recog nition of Its position as a national and im perial Institution, the scientific standing of the staff, and the freedom with which it accords assistance to foreign laboratories and workers, are rapidly establishing for it a position of in ternational importance. When presiding over this committee on pre vious occasions, I have expressed the view that immediate results In regard to the cure of cancer must not be counted upon, but that rather we must look forward to steady and consistent progress in accordance with the ex perience of all scientific investigation. There TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 249 can be no doubt, however, that the seven years' work already accomplished by the Im perial Cancer Research Fund has brought about a complete change in the standpoints from which cancer should be studied. The many and varied lines of research are being pursued with the utmost perseverance; and every development as it occurs is followed up with the minutest care. During the past year an important work — the Third Scientific Report — has been issued from our laboratories, and has been received with high appreciation by all those at home and abroad who are com petent to express opinions on these highly technical researches. This, of itself, marks a steady and valuable advance, and one with which we have every reason to be satisfied. The number of applicants to work under the general superintendent, coming as they do from all parts of Europe and from the United States, as well as from Japan, is evidence of the high value which is attached to the work in our laboratories. 250 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE Looking to the possible duration of these researches, the realization of capital is to be deplored, but this will be unavoidable unless further assistance in the shape of annual sub scriptions and donations is forthcoming. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 251 "BART'S" ^ It is Interesting to note how from the ear liest days the British sovereigns or their families have been personally associated with St. Bartholomew's, and I am proud to think that the presidency, so long held by my father, should have been continued In me after his accession to the throne. We have good reason to congratulate our selves upon the achievement which, thanks to the generous support of the public, we are able to inaugurate to-day, for the building will add greatly to the efficiency of the hospital, and will afford the most perfect methods of ob servation and treatment for out-patients, and will at the same time provide suitable accom- ' 23rd July, 1907. In opening the new out-patients' department at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. 252 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE modation for those of the medical staff who by day and night are in attendance upon the patients. Better accommodation for the nurses still remains to be provided, and I wish all success to the fund for the erection of a Nurses' Home which has been started by Lady Ludlow, the wife of our treasurer. I trust that at no distant date this most important addition may be carried out. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 253 LANDLORD AND FRIEND ^ It gives us much pleasure to visit Lambeth and to associate ourselves with the opening of your new Town Hall. There is an especial interest to me in the fact that the London estates of the Duchy of Cornwall are situated entirely within this borough; and I much appreciate the kindly allusions In the address respecting the management of that property. The amelioration of the housing of the work ing classes on the estates initiated by the King, when Duke of Cornwall is a matter in which I take the deepest interest, and one which occupies the constant attention of my council. It will always be my earnest endeavour, so far as lies in my power, to advance the well- being of the tenants of the Duchy property. ' 29th April, 1908. 254 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE The remarkable statistics quoted in the ad dress testify to the rapid growth of the popu lation of your borough, and the consequent increase In the work of administering its government. You have every reason to be proud of the possession of this new building, erected upon a site so well adapted to the general convenience and commercial interests of the community. May this new Town Hall in all ways meet the growing needs of the borough ; and, in declaring it open, I cordially re-echo the prayer that among your people may always be found faithful, devoted workers, ever ready to undertake those arduous duties and responsibilities which are inseparable from the life of all vigorous and efficient self-govern ing bodies. ^ The Duchess of Cornwall and I thank you for your loyal and hearty welcomeatDunheved, otherwise Launceston, the ancient capital of ' 8th June, 1909, at Launceston. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 255 the county of Cornwall. It is with special pleasure that we receive your dutiful address at the gates of this historic castle, where, in olden times, it was the custom for many of the manors in the county to render their services and gifts to my predecessors. We are deeply interested In the history of your borough, and are confident that the privileges conferred by kings and queens In the past, as well as by my great predecessor, Edward the Black Prince, were the just reward of industry and enterprise, which, we are informed, are in herited to a marked degree by the inhabitants at the present day. We are well aware of the prominent part which the town of Dunheved has played in the history of the West. It is, however, not on historical grounds only that we take an exceptionallnterestinyour borough, but on the close relations which have always existed between it and the Duchy of Cornwall. As you are aware, the Castle, Borough, Manor, and Honour of Launceston were among the more ancient possessions of the 256 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE Duchy, and many of the Manors next to the Duchy were at a later date the property of the Priory. We thank you for your good wishes for our future, and we pray that God may ever prosper the borough and its inhabitants in all happiness. ^ Although other duties prevent us from visiting the Duchy as often as we could wish, our interest in the welfare of our tenants never ceases, and especially in that of the poorer and not least industrious tenants, who, perhaps, stand most in need of sympathy and considera tion. Your kind words with reference to the management of the estate are a great en couragement to me. My chief object Is, and ever will be, to maintain the good feeling which, I am proud to say, exists between my self and my tenants, many of whose ances tors have been associated with the Duchy without interruption for several hundred years. ^ 9th June, 1909. Visit to the Agricultural Show at St. Colomb, in reply to an address from the tenantry. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 257 I consider it to be my first duty to secure your happiness and comfort ; and I should like you to regard me as your friend first, and your landlord afterwards. We thank you for your good wishes for our future, and I am sure that by endeavouring to promote your happi ness we shall increase our own. We pray that the blessing of Providence may rest on you all and upon this beautiful county. ^ It is, indeed, not without reason that you are proud of the antiquity of your town, which from Roman times has played no inconsider able part in the history of the county. Nor must we forget that, as one of the Stannary towns, Liskeard has always been closely con nected with the greatest of Cornish industries, which in recent years has been somewhat un der an eclipse. We all believe that, like solar and lunar eclipses, the present phase is a pass ing one. The operations of centuries have no * loth June, 1909, at Liskeard. s 258 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE more exhausted the mineral resources of Corn wall than has Tregeagle with his limpet shell drained the waters of Dozmary. Our miners are not surpassed by any in the world. Let us, therefore, look forward to the day, perhaps no distant one, when with the advantages of the most modern machinery, and with the most economical methods of working, the land may again become the busy hive of industry which it was in the past. Your kind reference to the management of the Duchy lands Is very gratifying to me. I am most anxious to do everything in my power to promote the welfare and interest of those with whom I am connected as Duke of Corn wall. I can assure you there Is no title of which I am more proud. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 259 HANDS ACROSS THE SEA ^ As president of the Royal Colonial Insti tute, to which office I had the honour of being appointed on the resignation of the King after his Majesty's accession, it is most gratifying to find myself supported here to-night by so many distinguished persons, some of whom I had the pleasure of meeting in different parts of the world. For I see around me citizens of our overseas Dominions ; others who have in the past directed the government of those Dominions; some who now occupy, or have occupied, the highest positions in the colonial service. And we welcome with pleasure to night a future Governor-General of the Com monwealth of Australia — my old friend Lord Dudley. He takes with him our heartiest ^ 4th May, 1908, at the annual dinner of the Royal Colonial Institute. 26o THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE good wishes on his appointment to that high and responsible post, in which he succeeds Lord Northcote, whose departure from Aus tralia is, I am well aware, most deeply regret ted by its people. With our thoughts for the moment on the Commonwealth, I cannot re frain, even at the risk of striking a note of sadness, from alluding to him who was chosen as the first Governor-General of federated Australia, Lord Linlithgow, whose loss we, who knew and loved him, so keenly deplore. During the time that has elapsed since I first went to sea, in 1879, ^ have been able to visit almost every part of our Empire. I am deeply sensible of my good fortune ; and, without boast, I may claim that probably no one in this room has landed on so many different portions of British soil as I have. Under the circumstances it would be strange, indeed, if I had not acquired some of that knowledge of Greater Britain with which Mr. Price so kindly credits me ; still more if I did not take a deep and continuing interest in the TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 261 progress and welfare of these Dominions be yond the seas. And there is, moreover, the lasting impression of the loyal, affectionate welcome, the generous hospitality, which, whether to my dear brother and me as boys, or to the Princess and myself in later days, was universally extended to us. Nor shall we ever forget the many kind friends made during those happy and memorable experiences. This summer I shall again cross the Atlantic in order to represent the King at the celebrations of the first colonization of Canada by Champ- lain three hundred years ago. Such experiences have, of course, only afforded glimpses and impressions, but suffici ent to gain at all events a slight acquaintance with these countries, with their peoples and institutions. They have enabled me to form some idea of our Empire, to realize its vast- ness, its resources, its latent strength. They have brought home to me the fact, so well expressed in a recent article in one of our re views, that "to-day, by England, we do not 262 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE mean these islands in the Western Sea, but an England which is spread over the whole surface of the world.'* I have ventured to introduce a toast which has not been hitherto proposed at these annual gatherings; it is the toast of "The British Dominions beyond the Seas." It does not seem to be out of place when we consider that one of the first objects of this Institute is to develop the true spirit of Empire, and to strengthen those links of kinship which will bind for ever the vast and varied portions of the oversea Dominions with the Mother Country. Events move so quickly that we are apt to forget how much has been achieved in this direction. Modern Science has done wonders In making time and distance vanish. It is astounding to realize what has been accomplished in securing quick, constant, and continuous communication between the differ ent provinces of the Empire since, say, the accession of Queen Victoria. At that time TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 263 there was only one small railway in the colonies, and that was in Canada. The first steamer from England to Australia did not run till 1852; it Is only fifty years ago that the first submarine cable was laid between Great Britain and America; telegraphic com munication was only established with Australia in 1872, with New Zealand In 1876, and South Africa in 1879, But in this short space of time how marvellous has been the progress! We have seen how the Canadian Pacific Rail way has helped to make a nation, how railways have transformed South Africa and spanned the Zambesi at the Victoria Falls, To-day, thanks to railway development, we are open ing up fresh and important cotton-growing areas in Nigeria and elsewhere. Mr. Price has told us of the great scheme of the Murray navigation, with its enormous possibilities. We also hear rumours of the promotion of similar enterprises in other parts of the world. Electricity now carries In a few minutes mes sages between every portion of the Empire, 264 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE and even keeps us in touch with our fleets, and with those powerful steamers which have brought us within a few days of the great continent of America. But, though we have been successful in many ways, we must not lose sight of our common interests, aims, and objects, in the fulfilment of which there must be mutual efforts, mutual self-sacrifice. Does such co-operation as we would desire really and fully exist? Undoubtedly, there has been a great improve ment in this direction. We earnestly hope that progress may be made in thoroughly grappling with imperial defence, and in strengthening military organization in time of peace no less than in war. I also commend to your con sideration the importance of reciprocity in educational matters. As Chancellor of the University of the Cape of Good Hope, I trust that the old Universities of these islands will always maintain sympathetic relations with those of younger portions of the Empire. We know what has been done through the Rhodes TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 265 Scholarships. Oxford four years ago chose for her Regius Professor of Medicine Dr. Os ier, one of Canada's most distinguished sons ; while Professor Bovey, though born in Eng land, has been brought from McGill University to be Rector of the important Imperial College of Science and Technology now being estab lished at Kensington. A new means of inter course and interchange of thought between the members of the Anglican Church through out the Empire has been initiated in the coming Pan-Anglican Congress, which as sembles in London next month; and I believe that every preparation is being made to give to its members a hearty welcome throughout the country. Is there not much to be accom plished by strengthening these social relations; by the Mother Country making it clear to her children that they are always certain of finding here a home, not in name only, but in reality, and the same warm-hearted hospitality as is always extended to us in every portion of the globe where the British flag flies? 266 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE I have endeavoured to touch lightly on the vital necessity for reciprocal action between those at home and our brethren beyond the seas. We must foster now and always the strongest feelings of mutual confidence and respect. By methods of education, by unity of action in everything that leads towards the noblest ideals of civilization, by utilizing the great powers of science, and by means of de fence by sea and land, we must strive to main tain all that we esteem most dear. If we hold hands across the sea, we shall preserve for future generations a noble heritage, founded upon the highest patriotism, and knit together by the ties of race and of mutual sympathy and regard. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 267 THE ENTENTE EXHIBITION ^ It gives the utmost gratification to the Princess and me to be present on this important and memorable occasion. We are specially glad to assist in the inauguration of this Exhibition, the outcome of the generous co operation of that great French nation with which we are connected by close and friendly relations. I cordially join In the general feel ing of gratitude towards the French Govern ment for the hearty and liberal manner In which it has supported this undertaking; and we offer our warm welcome to the representa tives of France who are present here to-day. I rejoice that the movement has been also keenly and generously supported by most of ' 14th May, 1908. In opening the Franco-British Exhibition at Shepherd's Bush. 268 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE the oversea Dominions of our Empire. I congratulate all those who were responsible for this marvellous and beautiful creation. May the Franco - British Exhibition encourage healthy rivalry, stimulate interchange of know ledge and ideas, strengthen the brotherhood of nations, and, in so doing, help on the work of civilization and promote peace and prosperity throughout the world. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 269 A CARNEGIE LIBRARY ¦' The object of our visit Is an important one to your borough. For you ask us to In augurate what will prove an inestimable boon to the thousands of its inhabitants by giving them access to a well-equipped and in every way suitable free library. It is difficult to realize the enormous benefits which such in stitutions confer upon those who cannot enjoy the peaceful recreation of study in their own homes. And we all recognize that the estab lishment of this library has been made possible through the generosity of that munificent benefactor, Mr. Andrew Carnegie, who thus adds one more to the many which he has endowed throughout the Kingdom. We are ^ 28th May, 1908. In opening the Public Library at Hackney. 270 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE happy to think that in the laying of its first stone and in celebrating its completion my family have been associated with the Hackney Central Library. We earnestly trust that every blessing may rest upon this work and upon all other efforts to promote the welfare and happiness of the people of Hackney. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 271 THE THAMES TUNNELS ^ It gives me much pleasure to again asso ciate myself in an important enterprise under taken by the London County Council on behalf of the millions of the population which that body represents. I trust that the Rotherhithe Tunnel, through which we have just passed, may become another valuable means of inter communication in the vast area which is administered by your Council. I heartily con gratulate you and all concerned upon the success which has attended this splendid engineering work, and especially upon the fact that It has been accomplished entirely by British minds, muscle, and material. Still more do I rejoice to think that the arduous ' i2th June, 1908. In opening the new Thames Tunnel at Rotherhithe. 272 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE and at many times dangerous operations, which have extended over four years, should have been marred by very few accidents. I remember with interest that the first tunnel constructed by the County Council at Black- wall was opened by the King eleven years ago, and that I accompanied him . on that occasion. It will be an additional satisfaction to me if, by assisting at ceremonies which have for their object the promotion of the wel fare of the metropolis, I am fulfilling, as you suggest, the traditions of my family. I thank you sincerely for your kind reference to the Princess of Wales, who Is delighted to be present on this occasion. She joins with me in the hope that the great undertaking which we have to-day inaugurated may prove not only a benefit to the trade and commerce of the metropolis, but a lasting boon to the daily workers whose occupations necessitate frequent intercourse between those districts hitherto separated by the ebb and flow waters of the River Thames. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 273 SEVEN CENTURIES OF STOCKPORT ^ It is with much satisfaction that we come here to be associated with the opening cere mony of the first Town Hall possessed by your ancient borough; and we congratulate the people of Stockport in now having a build ing which will be of inestimable advantage in the efficient discharge of their municipal gov ernment. It is especially interesting to me that the Charter which created Stockport a free borough in 1220 was granted by the seventh Earl of Chester; and I, the twenty- second holder of the title, have pleasure in assisting in the inauguration of the building which, seven centuries after the grant of the Charter, is to become the home of your civic life. I am glad to learn from your address ' 7th July, 1908. T 274 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE of the steady progress which Stockport has hitherto made. We sincerely hope that, under the blessing of Providence, the people of Stock port may advance towards the attainment not only of material prosperity, but of the highest ideals of moral and social welfare. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 275 THE BIRTHDAY OF QUEBEC ^ I am greatly touched by the loyal and sympathetic words of the Address with which you, in the name of the people of Canada, welcome me on this occasion of my sixth visit to the Dominion. I am fully sensible of the honour and responsibility of my position as the representative of your Sovereign, who, ever mindful of the unswerving loyalty of his Canadian subjects, follows with affectionate interest everything which concerns the welfare and development of the Dominion. My privi lege is, therefore, twofold, for I join with you ' 22nd July, 1908. At Quebec, on the occasion of the Tercentenary celebrations ; after the presentation by Sir Wilfrid Laurier of an address in French and English, his Royal Highness replying first in English and then in French, 276 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE both as the representative of the King and on my own behalf in celebrating the 300th anni versary of the founding of your famous city by Samuel de Champlain. I look forward with keen interest to the impressive ceremonies of the next few days, during which the past and present will appear before us upon a stage of unsurpassed natural beauty. And here, in Quebec, I recall with much pleasure the not uncertain proofs which I have received on my several visits to Canada of the loyalty of the King's French-Canadian sub jects. Their proved fidelity in time of difficulty and danger, happily long passed, is one of the greatest tributes to the political genius of England's rule ; and the knowledge that they and their fellow-Canadians of British origin are working hand in hand in the upbuilding of the Dominion is a source of deep satisfac tion to the King, as well as to all those who take pride in British institutions. I cordially agree with you in the propriety of setting apart, as a memorial for present and TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 277 future generations, the battle grounds of the Plains of Abraham, hallowed by the associa tion of past years ; and I heartily congratulate all concerned in this noble undertaking upon the success which has attended their patriotic efforts. 278 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE CHAMPLAIN, AND THE WORLD'S PEACE * I feel it, indeed, a privilege to be with you to-day, and to join in this celebration of the three-hundredth anniversary of the foundation of the city of Quebec by the immortal discoverer whose statue, so fittingly erected on this spot, looks down upon a scene which even his bold imagination could scarcely have pictured. The history of New France is singularly attractive, both by reason of the stirring events recorded in its pages, and by the heroism of its leading characters. Among these, none is more full of interest than the romantic figure of Samuel de ' Quebec, 23rd July, 1908. Reply to an address read by the Mayor in French on the occasion of the Champlain Festival, His Royal Highness replied in French, which is here translated. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 279 Champlain. The story of his adventures is mainly derived from his own writings; yet these, by the evident sincerity and modesty which characterize them, bear in every page the visible impress of truth. Most heartily do I congratulate you upon your hero, and trust that his statue may long adorn its lofty ped estal, to remind the citizens of Quebec of the great virtues, of piety and courage, humanity, fortitude, and loyalty, which distinguished this faithful servant of his God and King. While recognizing that this is essentially the birthday of Quebec, I do not overlook the fact that the celebration possesses an interest for the whole Dominion, and that all Canada re joices with us to-day. The desire to honour the memory of the great Champlain is not re stricted within the limits of this vast Do minion. In the Mother Country we welcome the opportunity to do him honour, and, from the farthest limits of Empire, our fellow-sub jects have sent their representatives, whom I am glad to see here to-day, to celebrate his 28o THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE immortal memory. Nor is the knowledge of Champlain bounded by the British Empire. His fame Is spread into many lands, and, as is most fitting, that great nation which claimed his allegiance, and which he dearly loved, not unmindful of her illustrious son, has sent a distinguished representative to grace this oc casion. Standing here by his monument, I desire to a;dd a few words of appreciation of the memory of Champlain, and of the satisfaction that such a distinguished company should have assem bled In his city to do honour to the birthday of Quebec. Our minds are full of thoughts of Champlain, the founder of this beautiful city, and are filled with recollections of the wonder ful events in history which followed from his foresight and determination; but I myself, a sailor fresh from a voyage across the broad Atlantic, also like to think of your hero as the all-intrepid navigator, braving the perils of the deep, visiting new lands, and unconsciously helping to lay the foundations of the great TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 281 civilizations of this continent. His work, na tional in its inception, has with time proven to be of immense international importance, and it is from this interesting aspect of our pro ceedings that we derive special pleasure in welcoming the distinguished representatives of France and the United States of America. The King, whose earnest desire is always to promote the best and closest relations be tween the nations, has specially desired me, as his representative, to convey to you, Mr. Vice- President of the United States, and to you. Monsieur I'Amiral and your colleagues, not only a hearty welcome but also a warm ex pression of thanks both to you and to your Government for your presence on this aus picious occasion. Your attendance is not merely an indication of your interest in the proceedings attending the celebration of the tercentenary; it is an outward and visible sign of the friendship, concord, and goodwill be tween ourselves and the great countries you represent with so much distinction. We think 282 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE to-day of the United States as having set an example of energy and courage in conquering and cultivating forests and boundless prairies which now yield harvests of illimitable wealth. We think of France as the giver of the man whose greatest deed we are here to celebrate, one of the first of those heroes who found his way from the Old World to the New and left an imperishable name. We recognize that the presence ot repre sentatives of France and the United States among us testifies to the growth of the spirit of friendliness between the nations. On that spirit the progress of humanity largely depends; in it, I hope and believe, true progress will express itself more and more during the years to come. The high ideal of universal peace and brotherhood may be far from realization ; but every act that promotes harmony among the nations points the way towards its attain ment. This celebration is such an act, for it appeals to Canada, to the British Empire, and to the whole civilized world. I therefore rejoice TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 283 to be here to take my part with you, during these memorable days, in paying homage to Champlain and in doing honour to Quebec. ^ Your Excellency has referred to the fact that this is my sixth visit to Canada. I cannot, I regret to say, hope to rival the hero of these celebrations, the founder of Quebec, who crossed the Atlantic no less than twenty times in the interest of his infant settlement, and even made something like a record passage for those times, passing from Honfleur to Tad- ousac in eighteen days. There is one differ ence, however, on which I cannot but con gratulate myself and my companions on the voyage. Champlain's vessels were of sixty to eighty tons. Our ship was nearer 20,000, and I suspect rather more comfortable; but the navigators of those days disregarded the dangers and discomforts of their voyages. Their minds were fixed on great discoveries * 25th July, 1908, At the banquet in the Citadel, Quebec. 284 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE and in speculations upon the benefits which would be conferred on mankind. I am confident that Champlain, and others like him, thought less of present success or failure than of the results which he and they foresaw would follow from their energy and enterprise. I was much struck, for instance, when reading Champlain's life, to find that he had in fact recommended the linking of the two oceans by the construction of a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. We, in the Indomitable, that splendid ship, the largest and most modern of our cruisers, which has been so kindly placed at my disposal, tossed about in the North Atlantic gale, thought much of Champlain and his little craft, and of the many great men, soldiers and sailors, who crossed the ocean to visit Canada on errands of peace or war, of the heroic Montcalm, who was never to return to his beloved France, and of Wolfe, who was borne home to his last resting-place. Even if our voyage had in any way entailed TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 285 the discomfort suggested by his Excellency, it would certainly have been more than com pensated for by the welcome which awaited me on my arrival. On each occasion when I have been to Canada, I have found and made friends, friends whom neither I nor the Prin cess of Wales, who accompanied me on the last occasion, will ever forget. I delight to see old friends again and to make new ones; but, apart from such personal feelings, there is the wider satisfaction of realizing how enormously Canada has prospered during recent years, thanks to the fostering care of successive Gov ernments and the wonderful enterprise of its people. I can assure you that everything which conduces to the prosperity and well- being of the Dominion is watched with the keenest interest by the Mother Country. As the representative of the King I knew that an enthusiastic greeting awaited me in Quebec, but the marked affection of that greeting touched me most deeply. Indeed, it is not pos sible to express all I feel. 286 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE The three hundredth birthday of Quebec has been made an occasion not of parochial or provincial, but of national and imperial im portance. We rejoice that from all quarters of the globe, from the great self-governing Dominions of Australia, New Zealand, and Africa, warm interest has been taken in Que bec's Tercentenary. In its celebrations Canada undertook a magnificent work. Success could not have been achieved without considerable self-sacrifice by individuals and by the State itself. If, as his Excellency suggests, my com ing here to take part in these ceremonies may stimulate the true spirit of citizenship, then, indeed, shall I look back with pride and satis faction upon my association with events unique and memorable in the history of Canada. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 287 THE CADET CORPS MOVEMENT ^ It is, I think, needless for me to dwell upon the great advantages derived from the physical training of a corps such as this, especially in a part of London where the means of enjoying open-air exercises are not easily available. Nor is it, perhaps, necessary to point out what moral influences are at work in your training and discipline — habits of obedience, punctuality, and scrupulous atten tion to personal neatness. These obvious ad vantages must, I am sure, appeal to the parents of you cadets; and they must, believe me, appeal to you yourselves more strongly when in the days to come you look back with grati- ' 13th March, 1909, Distribution of prizes to the ist Cadet Battalion of the King's Royal Rifle Corps at the Guildhall, London. 288 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE tude upon the educational benefits, both moral and physical, secured to you by your service in this battalion. During my voyage round the world nearly eight years ago, I was especially struck with the way in which the cadet corps movement had taken root in the King's Dominions be yond the Seas. Since then it has grown rapidly. At the present moment Australia musters over 40,000 cadets between the ages of twelve and nineteen. They are well-equipped and armed with a serviceable rifle, passing through an annual course of musketry, during which each cadet fires forty rounds, in addition to attending annual training camps, and as I can testify from my own experience, present ing a very smart and soldier-like appearance while on parade. Miniature rifle-ranges also are now being erected in their school-grounds; and, what I consider a very important fact, certificates are issued to the cadets on leaving school. These certificates are much valued, as they specify the length of service and general TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 289 conduct of the recipients, and are often very useful to them in after-life. It is a gratifying fact also to know that the movement is popular alike with the parents and with the boys. Do not these successful results testify to a healthy public spirit among our brethren across the seas? Yes, and it is the same spirit which has animated those who have for nineteen years supported the Cadet movement in the City of London, for It must be remembered that this battalion is entirely the result of private enterprise, whereas in Australia the cadet corps are maintained by the State; and, while we recognize with gratitude and admira tion the public spirit of those individuals through whose liberality the movement is supported, we must not at the same time for get that every cadet makes some self-sacrifice, gives up something — many of them a great deal — in order to become efficient. It is not every one who, at the end of a day's work, is willing to devote several evenings a week to training. 290 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE both physical and intellectual, such as the cadets of this battalion undergo. There must be a strong motive power which induces a service of this nature — a voluntary effort to become a more useful citizen and an effective instrument in the defence of one's country. This is patriotism; and all you, my young friends, by your work and example are foster ing that spirit, which " originating in love of country, inspires us to support and defend its existence." TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 291 TRADE AND EXHIBITIONS ^ The Brussels Exhibition next year will be the first occasion on which his Majesty's Gov ernment has taken part officially on an im portant scale in an exhibition in Belgium. It affords, therefore, an opportunity of further strengthening the commercial and political relations between the two countries, of which I trust the fullest advantage will be taken. The Exhibitions at Rome and Turin in 191 1 are being held to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the proclamation of the King dom of Italy, an event which cannot fail to evoke a very special interest In this country, and which I hope we may be able to celebrate ^ 5th April, 1909. At Marlborough House, as Pre sident of the Royal Commission for the Brussels, Rome, and Turin Exhibitions, at its first meeting. 292 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE in a very fitting manner. The Rome Exhibi tion will be devoted to arts and archaeology, while the Turin Exhibition will be confined to agriculture, industries, and commerce. The preliminary work of organizing the British sections for these Exhibitions has been carried out by the new Exhibitions Branch of the Board of Trade, which will aid us in our labours throughout. The formation of this special branch, which will in future deal with all matters connected with exhibitions abroad, was undertaken as the result of the recom mendations made by a Departmental Com mittee of Inquiry, which was appointed by the President of the Board of Trade In 1906 to consider the subject of the participation of Great Britain in great international exhibitions. This committee found that in the past British exhibitors have been at a disadvantage com pared with those of other countries owing to the lack of any permanent machinery for col lecting and preserving information with regard to exhibitions, and for organizing and manag- TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 293 ing the British Section at exhibitions in which his Majesty's Government might decide to take part officially. In future this disadvan tage will be removed, and the establishment of a permanent department to deal with ex hibitions will lead to a considerable saving of time, avoid unnecessary repetition of labour, accumulate Information and experience for future guidance, and enable this country to compete at all international exhibitions on the most advantageous footing. The present Royal Commission is the first to benefit by the new conditions, and the Exhibitions Branch has already proved of great value by securing extremely advantageous sites for the British Sections at Brussels and Turin. The Lords Commissioners of the Treasury have consented to ask Parliament for a grant in aid of the cost of organizing exhibits for the three exhibitions; and the principal rail way and steamship companies have expressed their willingness to assist In promoting the success of the British Sections by according 294 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE substantial reductions of their usual rates of freight for the return of unsold exhibits at the close of the respective exhibitions. The Ex hibitions Branch have prepared the necessary circulars to exhibitors in which full informa tion is given with regard to the terms upon which it is proposed that exhibits should be admitted in the British Section at the Brussels Exhibition, Special attention has been paid, in respect of these exhibitions, to the provision of facilities which will enable exhibitors to display their goods with the minimum amount of trouble and expense to themselves. One of the most important points, it will be remem bered, to which attention was directed by the recent Committee of Inquiry, was the lack of uniformity which has been noticeable in the arrangement and decoration of the British Sections at previous exhibitions. To remedy this, it is now proposed that the Royal Com mission shall undertake the entire cost of the decoration of the British Section, and more over shall supply, without further charge be- TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 295 yond that made for space occupied, all show cases, stands, platforms, railings, and screens which may be required by exhibitors for the display of their goods. Especial care will, however, be taken to avoid any suppression of individuality in connection with this scheme; and the space allotted to each exhibitor will be separated from adjoining exhibits in such a manner as to permit of a distinctive individual display being made by each firm. It is also proposed that the Royal Commission shall undertake the handling of exhibitors' goods within the exhibition grounds free of charge. Exhibitors will thus be relieved of all trouble in connection with the installation of their exhibits beyond the actual unpacking and arrangement of the goods and repacking them at the close of the exhibition, for which an adequate supply of unskilled labour will be provided. Finally, with a view to encouraging exhibitors to make an effective display of machinery in motion, it is proposed that the Royal Commission shall defray fifty per cent. 296 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE of the charges made by the exhibition author ities for the supply of motive power. Exhibit ors will be assisted in the construction of foundations required for this purpose, and crane power will be provided free of charge. These unprecedented facilities should be a potent factor in overcoming the reluctance to take part in foreign exhibitions which has un fortunately been shown in the past by some of the large firms In this country. In some cases, this reluctance has sprung from the fact that the trouble and cost of preparing an effective exhibit appears to be out of proportion to the direct commercial results obtained in the shape of Increased orders. The extent of the benefit resulting to any particular industry from the display of its manufactures at an exhibition cannot, however, be measured solely by the amount of direct orders received by individual exhibitors. In the opinion of the recent Com mittee of Inquiry, the same causes which render it necessary for individual firms to spend large sums of money on advertisements, TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 297 in order to maintain their position in a par ticular trade, also rendering it imperative that every effort should be made at the present day to maintain and improve the reputation of British manufactures as a whole. Experience has shown that, even in the case of firms having an established reputation and world wide connections, attempts to discontinue ad vertising have usually been followed by a diminution in the sales effected ; and it is not unreasonable to assume that the neglect by Great Britain of one of the most important forms of national advertisement would be equally detrimental to her interests as a manu facturing country. But, as there can be no profit either to the individual or to the nation as a whole in dis playing inferior British exhibits by the side of the best productions of our commercial com petitors. If we participate at all in inter national exhibitions we must see that the great industries of this country are represented in the most complete and effective manner. In 298 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE addition to the preliminary arrangements to which I have already referred, there is a great deal of work to be done which is beyond the province of a Government Department; and it is for this purpose that the present Royal Commission has been appointed. We are for tunate in having obtained the assistance of many leading representatives of the great in dustries from which we hope to draw exhibits. It is, therefore, upon you, my Lords and gentlemen, that I rely to maintain the credit of this country at the three exhibitions. I ap peal to you to do everything that is possible to secure a worthy exhibit, and, in addition to the general work of organization with which you will be occupied, to use your personal in fluence to the fullest extent in persuading the commercial community to co-operate with us in making a striking success of the British Sections which we are called upon by his Majesty the King to organize. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 299 ' Sir Edward Poynter has been good enough to refer to my recent appointment as President of the Royal Commission for the Exhibitions to be held in Brussels, Rome, and Turin during the next two years. I can only say that I am very proud to be at the head of so representative and responsible a body, includ ing, I am glad to say, the President of the Royal Academy himself. Now that the Gov ernment has established a special department for Exhibitions, I trust that the public will support the movement more heartily than has hitherto been the case. I feel sure that all artists and owners of works of art will respond as readily as in the past to our appeal for con tributions, so that future displays of the works of the British School may be predominant at these great Exhibitions. ' 30th April, 1909. At the annual banquet of the Royal Academy. 300 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE NEW UNIVERSITIES 'The great development of the University movement is a remarkable feature In the march of education during the latter part of the nine teenth century. Our important industrial centres recognized that there were problems to be solved differing widely from those dealt with in the more ancient Universities. Shef field was quick to see the necessity of adapt ing herself to the industrial needs of the people, and to realize that scientific and tech nical knowledge is indispensable to success in the strenuous commercial struggle among the nations of the West. Thanks to the liberality of the late Mr. Mark Firth, the college which bore his name was founded in 1879, and in- ^ 26th April, 1909. In opening the University Library at Sheffield. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 301 corporated twenty-six years later with those other institutions which constitute the Univer sity of Sheffield, including among them Schools of Engineering and Metallurgy which are famous throughout the land. I cannot imagine a more important essential to our modern Universities than the addition which we are about to inaugurate, containing accommoda tion for 120,000 volumes. May the shelves of the Edgar Allen Library be stored with all standard and other rare works which other wise are beyond the reach of the individual student, thus furnishing him with an intel lectual equipment which will help him to com pete and triumph In the professional career to which he is called. 302 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE NOBLE ART OF PRINTING ^ I am sure that the Queen and the Princess of Wales — indeed, all the members of our Family — are ever ready to identify themselves with and support the charitable undertakings which, as the Duke of Marlborough has truly said, are an essential feature of our public life. He has been good enough to allude to the visit which the Princess and I made to the establishment of the King's printers and to the offices of the " Daily Telegraph." It was most interesting to have this glimpse Into the great printing world, where we were aston ished at the wonderful mechanical appliances both in the work of the compositor, in the * 2 1 St May, 1909. At the eighty-second anniversary festival of the Printers' Pension, Almshouse, and Orphan Asylum Corporation. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 303 stereotyping, and in the actual printing machinery ; and it was a pleasure to see the favourable conditions and surroundings In which this work was carried out. As to my self, the Duke was far too flattering in his allusions to whatever I have been able to do in the discharge of my many public duties. I can only assure you how happy I am to be associated with you all in helping a charity on behalf of those from whose labours we derive some of the most precious blessings of life. In proposing this toast, I recall the names of those to whom this duty has been entrusted in the past. The King presided at your dinner in 1895. Lord John Russell did so at the first festival in 1828, and among his many dis tinguished successors were Mr. Disraeli, Mr. Gladstone, Charles Dickens, Tom Taylor, Dean Stanley, and my late uncle the Duke of Cambridge. Those came to plead the cause of this great charity — and is it not one which has claims upon us? The printer Is the invisible friend 304 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE of all who have written, all who have read. The printing press is the source of the life- blood of the civilized world. Stop its pulsa tions, and collapse, social, commercial, and political, must inevitably follow. The noble art of printing has been the generous giver of knowledge, religious, scientific, and artistic. It has been the instrument of truth, liberty, and freedom ; and it has added to life comfort, recreation, and refinement. And yet how comparatively recently in the world's history did mankind become possessed of this price less gift! In 1637, we are told, the Star Chamber limited the number of printers in England to twenty. Fifty years later, except in London and at the two Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, there was scarcely a printer in the kingdom. The only printing press north of the Trent was at York. In 1724, there were thirty-four counties, including Lancashire, in which there were no printers. I n 1 90 1 , the last Census showed that in England and Wales there were over 107,000 men and TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 305 nearly 11,000 women employed in printing and lithographic trades. Until the Licence Act was abolished in 1695, there was only one newspaper in these islands, the " London Gazette. " I ts total circulation was 8, 000 copies, much less than one to each parish in the kingdom; and no political intelligence was allowed to be published without the King's licence. Since 1760, the "London Gazette" has been printed by the house of Harrison; and the head of that firm, the fourth direct descendant, is present here to-night. To-day there are some 1,300 daily, weekly, and monthly publications In London alone. In 177 1, the House of Commons issued a pro clamation forbidding the publication of de bates, and those printers who defied it were summoned to the Bar of the House. To-day "The Times" supplies us with almost a ver batim report of Parliamentary debates by five o'clock the next morning. In 1852, we are told in the life of Delane, the daily issue of "The Times" was 40,000, the "Morning X 3o6 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE Advertiser " 7,000, and the remaining princi pal London papers an average slightly over 3,000 each. To-day the machines of many of the London morning papers turn out upwards of 20,000 copies per hour, so that within a period of more than half a century the circula tion of the London Daily Press has increased from tens to hundreds of thousands. In the Colonies and India there has been a corre sponding development in the art of printing. The official account of the visit which the Princess and I paid to India in 1905 was pub lished in Bombay, and in all its details was the result of Indian work, and would, I ima gine, bear comparison with the best of our home production. With regard to the printer's life, while legislation and the general advance of civiliza tion have done much both as regards his wages, hours of work, and his surroundings, it is probable that the keen competition and modern requirements render it more strenuous than ever before. The profession is to be con- TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 307 gratulated upon still maintaining the old sys tem of apprenticeship for a term of seven years ; while within the excellent classes formed in the technical institutions, both in London and in the provinces, the apprentices are able to supplement the knowledge obtained in the workshop, where the work has become every year more and more specialized. I hope it will not be considered out of place if I remind my friend the American Ambassador, who has been kind enough to support me this evening, that the great Benjamin Franklin worked as a printer for nearly two years in London, and that the printing press which he used is now in the possession of the Philosophical Society in Philadelphia. It is an interesting fact that various circumstances have combined to re move to a considerable extent book printing from London to the country; but, beside the daily and weekly newspapers, most of the magazines and periodicals are still printed in London. As most of the daily papers go to press after midnight, we may say that, prac- 3o8 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE tically, London sleeps while the printers are working; and, while we regard it as a matter of course that our newspapers are on the breakfast table every morning, do we realize the industry, thought, attention, and accuracy which have been bestowed on their pages not only by the printer but by the correspondent and the reporter? Members of Parliament and public men are, I imagine, quick to re cognize with gratitude and consideration the care with which their utterances are dealt with in the columns of our newspapers. Sir Robert Peel, speaking once on this subject, said : " We ought to consider ourselves greatly indebted to the gentlemen of the Press, for who of us, as we sit at our breakfast table in the morning, would like to see our speeches of the previous night reported verbatim?" Perhaps I have said enough to recall what we owe to those on whose behalf this charity was founded some eighty years ago, a charity that was incorporated by Royal Charter in 1865. Its work is excellent; and in my TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 309 humble opinion it possesses one special char acteristic which should appeal to the charit able public — It is provident, it is based upon self-help, and therefore it encourages thrift. Every member contributes ^s. annually, and the pensions are fixed according to the number of years of membership. At the same time, the funds of the institution are largely supported by those who are not candidates for its assist ance, I mean the general public. At present a sum of ^6,868 is distributed annually among 418 recipients. The almshouses accommodate thirty-two inmates, while the orphan children of the printers are supported, clothed, and edu cated in selected schools. Two days ago the Princess and I had the pleasure of visiting the almshouses. We can testify to the bright, cheerful, and comfortable homes In which the inmates pass the declining days of their life. The past year has been a successful one, and there is still much to be done. More than a hundred deserving cases, many of them over seventy years of age, still remain upon the 3IO THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE candidates' list. The most prominent feature of the year has been the continued issue of " Printers' Pie." Apart from the substantial sum which it has contributed to the fund, its issue has been of the greatest benefit in bring ing the work of the Corporation before the benevolent public. But the success of the Corporation is largely due to that host of helpers who sacrifice valuable time and work to assisting in its administration and manage ment. To, those who have generously acted as stewards of this festival and to Mr. Mor timer, the Corporation's most excellent secre tary, I ask you to join with me in expressing our heartfelt thanks. May I refer to one of our guests present here to-night, Mr. J. R. Haworth, who worked for many years as a compositor in London. He has founded a pen sion, and In other ways has contributed most generously to the funds of this charity. I trust he will forgive me for mentioning the fact that he is in his eighty-ninth year. He is also one of the ablest bell-ringers in the Kingdom. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 311 I feel that I have but imperfectly described the history, the aims, and achievement of this splendid institution. So, in conclusion, I will quote Dean Stanley's beautiful words, which were used by him thirty-seven years ago when he appealed on its behalf. He said: "Those of us who have read the endless works which come from the teeming Press of our day must remember that, behind the Innumerable sheets, the vast mountains of type, and the constant whirl of machinery, there stands an army of living friends, unknown, unseen, through whose attentive eyes, and over whose busy fingers, the light of God, the light of the world, the light of knowledge, the light of grace, streams out in continuous rays to every corner of our streets and of our homes. It is for us to repay that anxious labour, that straining care, that wasting vigilance, and to see that, when they are dead and gone, to those also in the dark corners of their be reaved homesteads shall flow the light of con solation, cheerfulness, and comfort." 312 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE RULE OF SCIENCE ^ These Congresses have already been held in the various capitals of Europe; but this is the first time that you have assembled in London, and in the name of the King, who is patron of this Congress, I offer you his Majesty's most hearty welcome. The main object which you all have in view is, I assume, to discuss in your numerous sections the many topics of interest and importance that are con tinually arising owing to the marvellous dis coveries which the science of Chemistry, both pure and applied, is making from day to day. Those interested In some special branch meet in the different sections their confreres from other lands, to their mutual benefit. In the '-^ ' 27th May, 1909. In opening the seventh Interna tional Congress of Applied Chemistry at the Albert Hall. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 313 larger gatherings, which I am glad to see have been arranged by the Committee, members will have a further opportunity of social meet ing. These conferences, whether of a scientific or of a more intimate character, between men living in distant lands all working for the same object, though under different condi tions, cannot but be favourable to the progress of science, and of the industries to which many of you have devoted your lives, as well as to the general peace of the world. I fully appreciate the important part which chemistry plays In almost every branch of our modern industry. We all recognize that with out a scientific foundation no permanent super structure can be raised. Does not experience warn us that the rule of thumb is dead, and that the rule of science has taken its place, that to-day we cannot be satisfied with the crude methods which were sufficient for our forefathers, and that those great industries which do not'keep abreast of the advance of science must surely and rapidly decline? 314 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE AN ANCIENT SEE ^ It is impossible to take part In to-day's celebrations without feelings of emotion as we look back upon the ten centuries which separ ate us from the founding of the See of Wells, and recall the memory of those great men of thought and action identified with its history. It is interesting to trace how the civic life gradually came into existence and grew up side by side with that of the Church, until, 300 years after the consecration of the See, King John granted the burghership to the city. Since then, thanks to numerous Royal charters, there has been a steady development in your corporate life, often assisted by the * 22nd June, 1909, At the Millenary Commemoration of the See of Wells. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 315 active co-operation of the Bishops of the diocese. I earnestly trust that Divine Provi dence may watch over and guide In all things the city of Wells and its people. 3i6 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE FURTHEST SOUTH ' It remains for me as Vice-President of the Royal Geographical Society, to present to Mr. Shackleton a special gold medal, which has been struck by the Society in recognition of his great and unique achievement of having reached a point within lOO miles of the South Pole. He not only traversed about six degrees of absolutely unknown ground, but the results obtained by him and his able staff will be most valuable to scientific knowledge. I have list ened with the deepest interest to the graphic descriptions of his wonderful journey, illus trated as they have been by the beautiful photographs which he has shown us. At the saifte time, we can realize, perhaps only to a certain extent, the terrible hardships which he and his brave comrades successfully overcame. ' 28th June, 1909. At the Albert Hall, TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 317 It Is now just two years ago that I took leave of Mr. Shackleton and his comrades in Cowes Roads. I am, indeed, happy that at this moment I can congratulate him and his com rades most heartily on their safe return home, and, as a brother sailor, I am proud to hand him this medal. Mr. Shackleton has spoken in the highest praise of his comrades. We know how loyally they served him, and this greatly conduced to the success of this expedition. In recognition of their services the Royal Geographical Society has conferred upon them replicas in silver of the special gold medal. 3i8 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE RIFLE SHOOTING Mn proposing to you the toast, "The National Rifle Association," on the completion of the first fifty years of its existence, and in wishing It continued and increasing prosperity, I will endeavour to lay before you very briefly what it has accomplished in that period. Be fore doing so, I should like to say how de lighted I am to see my old and valued friend Lord Wemyss present on this occasion. He was one of the original founders of the Associa tion fifty years ago ; and I can assure him how all the members of the Association here to night welcome him and rejoice to think that he is still with us full of life and enthusiasm. Formed in i860, when there seemed a dan ger of foreign invasion, the Association has ' 8th July, igog. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 319 continually striven to fulfil the terms of its charter, " to encourage rifle scooting through out the Empire." At the same time, it has largely contributed to the development of our military arms. The competitions and standard of excellence set up by our Association have appealed to the best instincts of our country and the King's Oversea Dominions; and men have assembled from far and near to compete in friendly and sporting rivalry. In this way we may claim that the Association has become a strong link in the chain which, I fervently trust, will ever unite us with our brothers across the seas. In i860 few men In this country were accustomed to the use of the rifle ; and the Swiss were Invited to attend our first meeting to show us their skill, while only 299 of our riflemen competed that year for the Queen's prize. But the development of shoot ing under the direction of this Association was rapid, and by 1878 more than 2,200 assembled in annual competition. In this country, and throughout the Empire generally, thousands 320 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE of men were encouraged and took up shooting, and soon created a spirit of healthy rivalry among themselves. Unfortunately, an erro neous idea has grown up that the competitor at Bisley and elsewhere makes profit out of his skill. A very limited number may perhaps do so; but the expenses of the vast majority are certainly double what they may win in prizes. The spirit of this Association has been the true British spirit of doing well for the sake of doing well ; and I feel that the public understand how greatly the Association has contributed to the development of all forms of rifle shooting in the Dominions. We must all recognize the Immense changes that have taken place in rifle shooting in the past few years, and how much more important the rifle shooting of an army becomes year by year. I feel sure that the endeavour of the Association will always be to combine as far as possible the requirements of military shoot ing with the sentiment of that large number of civilian riflemen who attend our meeting at TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 321 Bisley. In spite of the great difficulty in obtain ing range accommodation, and bearing in mind that the rifleman must largely pay his own travelling expenses and the cost of his practice, still, this Association, starting with deliberate firing at fixed distances annually, has now established competitions to meet with every requirement. Willingly do its members sub scribe and enter for contests under rapid-firing conditions, atdisappearingand moving targets, with miniature rifles, with revolvers and pis tols, and no less with weapons of the highest precision at long ranges; and there has been a remarkable increase of youthful competitors in the Ashburton Shield, the Cadets Match, and other similar competitions. In 1908 the competitors devoted quite one-sixth of their money towards competitions under other than fixed bull's-eye conditions. While the Associa tion has encouraged direct competition with the service arm at its annual meetings, it has done more by its system of awards, which has developed shooting in the counties, and has Y 322 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE attracted our brothers from all parts of the Empire. It has been the means of establish ing no less than 1,788 clubs for miniature rifle shooting, and upon the initiative of its present Chairman has started a boys' camp which gives promise of the greatest success. With regard to the development of arms, in i860 the service weapon was the long Enfield muzzle-loader, but the competitions of this Association created a rivalry amongst gun- makers. To show how far from perfect was our then service weapon, the experiments of the late Mr. Metford both with rifles and with ammunition, commencing about 1862, resulted in our present weapon. He, in concert with the late Sir Henry Halford, established a standard which has survived till now. These men, with many others, have shown what can be done with the rifle in long-range shooting, and have been instrumental through this Association In producing weapons and ammu nition of their present marvellous accuracy and rapidity of fire. I trust that all here will agree TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 323 with me that the Association has always dis charged a national duty in a truly national spirit; and I ask you to join in wishing that its useful work may ever Increase and prosper. 324 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE FOR HOMELESS CHILDREN ^ It gives sincere pleasure to the Princess of Wales and myself to associate ourselves with an event so important in the history of the Church of England Waifs and Strays Society as the opening of its new headquarters. We have listened with feelings of wonder and thankfulness to the few but important statistics given in your address. They are sufficient to show how much had been achieved in twenty- eight years by this officially recognized organ ization of the National Church on behalf of outcast, destitute, and neglected children. To those who treasure with affection the happy memories of childhood, it is difficult to realize how, in our very midst, there are little ones to whom the joy of home and the love of * 2 1 St July, 1909. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 325 parents are unknown, and who are suffering from want, neglect, and even from actual cruelty. Our hearts go out to them ; and we thank God for the work of this Society, which finds for these young, innocent, ill-fated fellow- beings new homes, in many cases foster-par ents, good influences and surroundings, and so gives them a fresh start in life. This powerful organization, ably directed by the zealous and capable secretary, Mr. Rudolf, who was also the founder of the Society, has gradually been extended throughout the British Isles and to Canada. Such development has necessitated increased accommodation for the administrative staff, for which purpose these premises have been acquired. It is my fervent hope that, under Divine blessing, the noble work of the Society may ever progress and prosper. 326 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE DOVER HARBOUR * I desire to thank Sir William Matthews for the very interesting particulars which he has related to us with regard to the history of the Admiralty Harbour at Dover. It is to him we owe the original design of this vast undertaking', to the details of which we have listened with wonder and admiration; and I feel sure that all present here will join with me in offering him our heartiest congratula tions on the successful completion of the pro ject, and also on the fact that it has been executed practically as designed. Our con gratulations are equally offered to the con tractors on their marvellous achievement, due in no small degree to the fine body of men employed by them on the works, and to the ' 15th October, igog. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 327 splendid equipment of plant and appliances. It will be a matter of deep satisfaction to the public at large to know that, during the eleven years of construction, the number of accidents has been comparatively small, when the hazardous character of the work is considered, and that no deaths or permanent injuries have been caused through the under-water operations. Being a naval officer, I am especially glad to be here and to take part in the inauguration of what I trust will become an Important and valuable addition to our naval bases, and form a secure shelter for our fleets In home waters. 328 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE MIND, MUSCLE, AND THE WATER SUPPLY * It gives me great pleasure to take part in this ceremony, and to perform the crowning act of a vast scheme for providing an adequate water supply, the completion of which has occupied upwards of twenty-nine years. The short description which you have read to us of the inception and carrying out of this immense undertaking is a record of engineering science and a monument of municipal enterprise. We can see for ourselves how the genius of man has transformed the valley of a mountain stream and its tributaries into a lake of more ^ 17th March, 1910. Visit to Lake Vyrnwy to open the last completed portion of the Liverpool Corporation Waterworks, a scheme in which nearly three million pounds had then been expended. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 329 than one thousand acres, capable of yielding between fifty and sixty million gallons of water a day through an aqueduct nearly seventy miles in length, and supplying not only Liver pool, but many other districts with that in estimable blessing, an abundance of pure water. And the work has been carried out not only efficiently, but economically, so that this boon is obtained at a moderate cost. I do not forget that the first introduction of water into Liverpool from this source was in augurated in the city by my uncle, the Duke of Connaught, eighteen years ago. To me, as Prince of Wales, there is an additional satis faction, that in availing myself of your invita tion to be here to-day I have had an opportunity of seeing a district of the Principality which I have not been able to visit before. You all will, I know, join with me in paying tribute to those who were the original pro moters of the scheme, to the engineers who designed and executed the work, not forgetting the men of mind and muscle to whose labours 330 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE this magnificent undertaking is a striking testimony; and I congratulate the city on having secured for many years to come an ample provision from this beautiful Welsh watershed. You have asked me to turn on to day into this great lake the water which you have collected from the Marchmant River, a large and important addition to the scheme, the carrying out of which is due to your trusted Engineer-In -Chief. I shall do so with the greatest pleasure, and with every good wish. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 331 THE ROYAL ACADEMY ^ I much appreciate the graceful allusions made by Sir Edward Poynter to the Queen's love of art, and the keen interest which she always takes on the occasion of her visits to Burlington House. I cannot refrain from alluding to the sad loss which we have all sustained in the death of Sir William Orchard- son. He had been a member of the Royal Academy for upwards of thirty- three years; we have all admired very often his works in these rooms; and I look back with plea sure to the sittings which I gave him about twelve years ago for the picture which he painted of the " Four Generations," and which now belongs to the Royal Agricultural Society. With regard to Sir Edward's refer- ^ 30th April, igio. At the Royal Academy Banquet, 332 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE ence to the Fine Arts Exhibition to be held next year in Rome, I am glad to say that the owners of pictures and works of art have generously responded to the appeal which I made last year as President of the Royal Commission; and I feel sure that the artists will give similar liberal support. . . . In his speech the President mentioned the great variety of works collected on these walls, and I am sure we are all much struck by the fact of how fully the different schools of modern art are represented in these annual exhibitions. At the same time, we realize that there must always be disappointment among those whose efforts prove unsuccessful ; and I am sure that we all sympathize with the responsible authori ties upon whom falls the difficult task of selection. Sir Edward was good enough to refer to the approaching visit of the Princess of Wales and myself to South Africa this autumn. I am, indeed, proud to have been chosen by the King to represent him on this important occa- TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 333 sion, and to open in his name the first Parlia ment of United South Africa. This will be the third time that I land in South Africa; and I am glad to think that my stay there will be longer than on the two previous occa sions, and that we shall have an opportunity to visit each of the provinces of that vast and interesting country. The remembrance of the hearty receptions always given to me on South African shores increases the pleasure with which the Princess and I look forward to our visit.' ^ Owing to the death of King Edward, the visit was abandoned, the Duke of Connaught going instead. 334 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE HOSPITAL PROBLEMS^ (a) Through the death of Mrs, Lewis-Hill we shall receive ^^250,000, left to us by Mr. Lewis, her late husband. I am sure that this meeting will share my feelings of sincere regret at our loss through the death of this charitable lady, who was one of our most lib eral supporters. For it must be remembered that, although that sum was left to Mrs. Lewis- Hill for her life, she contributed to the Fund during her lifetime the income of it — ;^io,ooo ^ These are short passages from the periodical speeches of the Prince of Wales from the chair of the General Council of King Edward's Hospital Fund, and are here included to show the character of the large adminis trative problems with which they have had to deal, (a) 17th December, igo6; (b) i6th December, igo7; {c) 20th March, 1908; (d) 17th December, 1908; {e) 13th Decr ember, 1909; {/) 3rd March, 1910. TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 335 a year. We shall now receive the capital sum, together with half the residue of Mr. Lewis's estate. And there is another loss which we have to deplore, one whose name will never be forgotten as the true friend and the noble- minded benefactor of the sick and poor, Mr. George Herring. From him we also re ceive a considerable bequest in favour of the Fund. These sums, together with the large gifts received in recent years, and legacies of ;^20,ooo from Mr. Beit, ^10,000 from Mr. John Nicholas, ;^6,7oo from Mr. Finnie, and a large amount to be received from the estate of the late Mr. Heigham, as well as a gift of ;^io,ooo from Mr. and Mrs. Bischoffsheim, and an equal sum from an anonymous donor, will bring our capital up to a large figure. You will all, I believe, agree that the time has come when a committee should be ap pointed in order to assist Lord Rothschild and Mr. H. C. Smith, who have hitherto so ably attended to the investment of our capital. With their approval, I have asked and have 336 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE been lucky enough to obtain the valuable as sistance of Lord Revelstoke, Sir Ernest Cassel, and Mr. Fleming, who have joined that com mittee. After careful consideration, acting on legal advice, I have, with the sanction of the King, determined to apply to Parliament for a short Act to incorporate the Fund, and to place its administration upon a strictly legal basis. Though our capital is large, we still look and hope for more support from annual sub scribers of small sums. And I cannot but think that many who have been treated in the London hospitals, or their friends, would, if the matter were suggested to them in the proper light, contribute something — no matter how small — as a thankoffering. I watch with the liveliest interest and pride the develop ment of our great charity; but I should like to feel that it had the general support of the people of London, and this can only be proved by a constantly increasing number of annual subscribers. As Sir Henry Burdett has just told us, the TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 337 League of Mercy has again given us splendid support — ^18,000, an increase of ^3,000 upon the sum given last year. It Is with much pleasure that I make this announcement, as it is a testimony of the steady growth and ex pansion of the work of the League. I know that these results are not attained without very considerable efforts; and I heartily congratu late the members of the League on the gratify ing results of their labours. I am glad that we have been able to increase the sum to be dis tributed this year to ;^i 11,000. We have continued the issue of our Statist ical Report on Hospital Expenditure and Prices, which began in 1904 with the sixteen large general hospitals. The value of Mr. Dan- vers Power's work In this respect cannot be too highly appreciated. It now includes forty- eight hospitals. The sixteen hospitals reported on in 1904 showed a large reduction of ex penditure last year, the value of which, taking into consideration the Increase in the number of beds, is equal to a saving of about ;^20,ooo. z 338 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE When the other hospitals have had time to take advantage of the information which our reports provide, we hope this satisfactory saving will be largely increased. I desire to acknowledge the ready way in which many of the hospitals have seconded our efforts by the appointment of Economy Committees. Besides specifying the honorary officials of the Fund, I am anxious to assure every mem ber of the Council and Committees how deeply I realize and appreciate the fact that it is by the gift of such of their valuable time and services as they are able to offer that this great and ever-increasing work of charity is admin istered, and I venture to say well and success fully administered, and to them all I offer my expressions of heartfelt gratitude, (b) The receipts for 1907 have included some very large sums, such as the munificent gift of ;^ 100,000 from Mr. Carnegie, which will prob ably be placed to capital. We have also had exceptional sums from legacies; but even in TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 339 this specially fortunate year it seems advisable not to distribute more than the average amount of the legacies received in past years, which has hitherto been our custom. The sum recommended for distribution to hospitals this year has, I am pleased to say, reached ;^ 1 20, 000. There are one or two items in the grants which require a word of explanation. A very exceptional sum of ;^i5,ooo has been al located to Guy's Hospital; and I cannot help thinking that the policy of occasionally making such grants is a sound one, and one which I trust will not be misunderstood. The most im portant work of rebuilding the out-patient department was being delayed, to the detriment of patients in a very poor part of London, for the want of ;^i 0,000. The King's Fund, in any case, would have ultimately contributed as much as ;^io,ooo to this object; but the con tributions would have probably been spread over several years. Instead of this, we propose to pay the whole sum now ; and the work will be carried out at once. 340 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE A matter which I am sure you will agree ought to engage our most serious attention in the future is that relating to the treatment of con sumption ; and I am glad to see that the Dis tribution Committee in the awards to consump tion hospitals are giving special attention to the necessity for sanatoria. Whether this sub ject should be treated as distinct from the ordinary hospital work of London I need not at present discuss; but I feel sure that the want of consumption sanatoria in the country for London patients is very great, and I think that the King's Fund should do all in its power to encourage the establishment of these useful institutions. Another question for consideration is that which relates to the publishing in our reports of the names of hospitals which, having ap plied, yet do not receive any grant. I hope the Distribution Committee will carefully weigh the matter in all its bearings and advise us what ought to be done. The system which was adopted last year of not paying grants for TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 341 special purposes until the occasion for expending the money actually arises, has appeared to work very satisfactorily. In order to avoid money being left idle indefinitely, special grants are now always accompanied by the condition that the fund shall have an opportunity of recon sidering the matter in two years if the money has not been spent on the object for which it was given. For some years we have had occa sion to notice that certain hospitals do not issue their annual reports and accounts until rather late in the following year, and I think our committee have done wisely to propose that these should be issued not later than 15th April in future. The amalgamation of the orthopaedic hos pitals is fortunately complete, and there is now only one Orthopaedic Hospital, which, I trust, will worthily take Its place among the special hospitals of London. The efforts to promote an amalgamation between the five throat and ear hospitals are continuing, and I trust they may ultimately be successful. The 342 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE fund has made a liberal offer to the Hamp- stead General Hospital, provided it takes over the work of the North- West London Hospital on certain conditions, and we hope to be able to report favourably on the next year also. Another subject to which I wish to call your attention is that of the Workmen's Compensa tion Act and Insurance Companies. I am aware of the difficulties which insurance com panies have to deal with in the matter of sub scriptions to charities and institutions which affect the risks they take. The premiums charged must naturally be based on all sur rounding circumstances, among which the ex istence of hospitals is, I suppose, an important factor. (c) Since our Council Meeting in December, acting on the advice of the Executive Com mittee, and in accordance with the powers given under the Act, I have decided to ap point a Committee to inquire into the system prevailing in the London Voluntary Hospitals TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 343 regarding the admission of out-patients. It is to be hoped that the labour involved in the holding of such an inquiry may, perhaps, to some extent, be lightened by the results of the work of the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws. Another matter to be brought to your notice is a development of the scope of the operations of the fund which I have approved upon the recommendation of the Distribution Com mittee. Hitherto the hospitals with which we have dealt have been those lying in the County of London, or within seven miles of Charing Cross, This limitation was wisely imposed when the Fund was instituted in 1897. But in the eleven years which have since elapsed London has grown rapidly, and it is felt that the time has come when we should enlarge our area. The radius from Charing Cross has, therefore, been extended from seven to nine miles. We also propose this year to consider the claims of consumption sanatoria in the country. 344 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE which take a large proportion of their patients from London. It must be obvious that such institutions are better situated in the country than in London, or even in the suburbs. These extensions of our work will not, at any rate this year, involve very great additional de mands upon the Fund's resources. But a larger area may necessitate a larger distribution, and we must not forget that, even for the smaller area, there has been an ever-steadily increas ing distribution. The total of last year's dis tribution exceeded the income from Investments by ;^7o,ooo. With the extended area an in creased income from subscriptions and dona tions will be necessary, and I trust that the public will recognize this and continue to give us their substantial support. (d) The donations for 1908 include the munificent gifts of ;^ 100, 000 from Lord Mount Stephen, which, in accordance with the direc tion of the donor, has been placed to capital, and ;^ 1 0,000 from Lord Iveagh, which has TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 345 been similarly disposed of. I am very glad to announce that the Fund has been in a position to allocate jCi ^0,000 for distribution among hospitals, convalescent homes, and country consumption sanatoria. This is an increase of ;^ 1 9, 000 over the sum distributed last year; and it is most encouraging to think that in the past ten years, almost without any exception, there has been a steady Increase in the annual amount available for distribu tion. The Fund continues to encourage the amal gamation of the smaller hospitals which are working on more or less parallel lines. It is hoped that the throat, nose, and ear hospitals may before long be willing to take action In this direction. The maintenance grants which would probably have been made to them in their separate existence have justly been re served until the negotiations have assumed some more definite shape. It will be noticed from the Distribution Committee's report that the Fund adheres to the policy of aiding 346 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE the extension of hospitals situated in or near to the poorer districts, and remote from the larger general hospitals, thus meeting the urgent needs of the dwellers in those localities. The principle is one which involves a wide and detailed survey of the requirements of the metropolis as a whole, and of the abundance or scarcity of hospital accommodation in its various parts. Following upon the introduction of the re vised uniform system of accounts, the statis tical report which the Fund prepares every year upon the expenditure of the various hospitals has been considerably enlarged and extended. Eighteen more hospitals have been included, bringing the total number up to sixty-six, and the expenditure on in-patients has now, for the first time, been separated from that of out-patients. This has removed one possible source of error in the comparisons of cost per bed, and there is every reason to hope that the new series of reports will still further assist the control over expendi- TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 347 ture which followed the initiation of the first series. Last year, in nominating members of com mittees, I stated that I proposed to proceed on the principle of not nominating any indi vidual to more than one committee. This principle has worked satisfactorily during the past year, and for the ensuing year I do not propose to make any change in this respect. The fact that we have over 100 members of the Fund serving either as visitors or on this Council, or on the various committees, is, I think, a guarantee to our subscribers, and to the general public, that the management of the Fund is widely distributed. (e) The largest donation received during the year was one of .;^4,775, representing one- half of the present available surplus of the Franco-British Exhibition. The legacies this year have not equalled the exceptional amounts received In 1907 and 1908. But, by following the practice adopted in those years of distri- 348 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE buting a proportion based approximately on a five years' average of the amount received from this source, it has been possible, with due regard to the future, to distribute the sum of ^150,000 this year. This amount has more than once been publicly referred to as our aim. Its attainment, therefore, represents, like the distribution of ^50,000 in 1900, and ^100,000 in 1903, a landmark in the history of the Fund. It is my pleasing duty to convey to you from the King the expression of his gratification at this achievement, upon which his Majesty offers us his hearty congratula tions. But it does not follow that a distribution of ^150,000 can be maintained without effort. The income from investments is not yet ;^7o,ooo, and for the balance we have to rely upon annual subscriptions, donations, includ ing the contributions of the League of Mercy, and legacies. I am sorry to find that there has been a diminution in the annual sub scriptions. It is to be hoped that this may TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 349 only be a temporary loss, and that with a revival of trade there may be a corresponding increase in our Income obtained from this source. In three or four cases, you will notice that the Distribution Committee recommends that the Fund should make specially large grants to hospitals which were in pecuniary difficulties and were hampered by debt. These grants are not recommended without most careful inquiry. I think that the power of assisting institutions in exceptional difficulties, after such inquiries, is of the greatest benefit to the hospitals gener ally. The Report of the Distribution Com mittee calls attention to two successful amal gamations, that of the Orthopaedic Hospitals, and that of the Hampstead and North- West London Hospitals; and I am sure that the Council will be right in making substantial grants to these amalgamated Institutions. I regret that the hope expressed last year of similar action on the part of the throat, nose, and ear hospitals has not yet been fulfilled. 350 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE It will be noticed that the consideration of proposals for the extension or improvement of hospital accommodation has again occupied the attention of the Distribution Committee. These schemes arise from the necessity for hospitals to keep pace with the improvements in medical science, and from the growth or shifting of population both in the centre and in the suburbs. The examination of them has added greatly to the labours of the Committee. After reading the minutes of each meeting I can bear witness to the time and trouble ex pended on this work, no schemes of any magnitude being passed without a visit and report by members of the Committee specially deputed. The Executive Committee have this year had under consideration the question of the expenses of charity entertainments. On their recommendation I appointed a special sub committee, which, under the chairmanship of Lord Richard Cavendish, collected evidence on the subject and presented a report published TRADE, EDUCATION, HEALTH 351 last August. The conclusion arrived at was that, while there was no evidence of widespread extravagance or abuse, there were certain dangers to be avoided, and these the report dealt with In detail. It is by no means easy to suggest rules to enable hospitals to protect their interests without hampering the legiti mate and valuable efforts of their friends. The Executive Committee, I think, wisely decided not to lay down definite regulations, but to circulate the report, thus hoping to assist the hospitals in framing their own regulations and to elicit their views as to further action by the Fund in the matter. (/) I think we are justified in congratulating ourselves upon the fact that the total sum dis tributed among hospitals, convalescent homes, and sanatoria since the foundation of the Fund, thirteen years ago, now exceeds one million sterling, the exact figures being ;^i, 134,916 8.y. $d. I would like to refer to the satisfactory list of legacies received during the past year, 352 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE amounting to ;^46,4oo, not including ;^75,ooo from the estate of the late Mr. Samuel Lewis, from which latter source the Fund has benefited to the extent of ;^328,ooo. THE ACCESSION OF KING GEORGE May 1910 — May 1911 " THE OBJECT OF MY LIFE " ^ My heart is too full for me to address you to-day in more than a few words. It is iny sorrowful duty to announce to you the death of my dearly loved father, the King. In this irreparable loss which has so suddenly fallen upon me and upon the whole Empire, I am comforted by the feeling that I have the ' King Edward VII died on 6th May, 1910; and on 7th May, in the Throne Room of St. James's Palace, the accession of King George V to "the Imperial Crown of the United Kingdom " was proclaimed by the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, members of the Privy Council, "with numbers of other principal gentlemen of quality, with the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of London," to whom his Majesty made the above reply. A A 354 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE sympathy of my future subjects, who will mourn with me for their beloved Sovereign, whose own happiness was found in sharing and promoting theirs. I have lost not only a father's love, but the affectionate and intimate relations of a dear friend and adviser. No less confident am I in the universal loving sympathy which is assured to my dearest mother in her overwhelming grief. Standing here a little more than nine years ago, our beloved King declared that, as long as there was breath in his body, he would work for the good and amelioration of his people. I am sure that the opinion of the whole nation will be that this declaration has been fully carried out. To endeavour to follow in his footsteps, and at the same time to uphold the Constitutional Government of these realms, will be the earnest object of my life. I am deeply sensible of the heavy responsi bilities which have fallen upon me. I know that I can rely on Parliament, and upon the people of these islands, and of my Dominions THE ACCESSION 355 beyond the seas, for their help in the discharge of these arduous duties, and for their prayers that God will grant me strength and guidance. I am encouraged by the knowledge that I have, in my dear wife, one who will be a constant helpmate in every endeavour for our people's good. 356 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE QUEEN-MOTHER'S PRAYER On the evening of loth May, the following letter from Queen Alexandra to the Nation was issued: Buckingham Palace \oth May, 19 lo. From, the depth of my poor broken heart I wish to express to the -whole Nation and our kind people we love so well my deepfelt thanks for all their touching sympathy in my overwhelming sorrow and unspeak able anguish. Not alone have I lost everything in him, my be loved Husband, but the Nation, too, has suffered an irreparable loss by their best friend, father, and Sovereign, thus suddenly called away. May God give us all His divine help to bear this heaviest of crosses which He has seen fit to lay upon us — ' ' His Will be done. ' ' Give me a thought in your prayers, which will comfort and sustain me in all I still have to go through. Let me take this opportunity of expressing my heartfelt thanks for all the touching letters and THE ACCESSION 357 tokens of sympathy I have received from all classes, high and low, rich and poor, which are so numerous that I fear it will be impossible for me ever to thank everybody individually. I confide m.y dear Son into your care, who I know will follow in his dear Father's footsteps, begging you to show him the same loyalty and devotion you showed his dear Father. I know that both my dear Son and Daughter-in-latv will do their utmost to m.erit and keep it. Alexandra. 358 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE KING TO THE NA VY AND ARMY Marlborough House, <^th May, 1910. It Is my earnest wish on succeeding to the Throne to make known to the Navy how deeply grateful I am for its faithful and dis tinguished services rendered to the late King my beloved father, who ever showed the great est solicitude in Its welfare and efficiency. Educated and trained In that Profession which I love so dearly, retirement from active duty has in no sense diminished my feelings of affection for it. For thirty-three years I have had the honour of serving in the Navy; and such Intimate participation in Its life and work enables me to know how thoroughly I can depend upon that spirit of loyalty and THE ACCESSION 359 zealous devotion to duty of which the glorious history of our Navy is the outcome. That you will ever continue to be, as in the past, the foremost defender of your country's honour I know full well; and your fortunes will always be followed by me with deep feel ings of pride and affectionate interest. George R.I. Marlborough House, gM May. My beloved father was always closely asso ciated with the Army by ties of strong personal attachment, and from the first day that he en tered the Service he identified himself with everything conducive to its welfare. On my accession to the Throne, I take this the earliest opportunity of expressing to all ranks my gratitude for their gallant and de voted services to him. Although I have always been interested in the Army, recent years have afforded me special opportunities of becoming more intim- 36o THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE ately acquainted with our Forces both at Home and in India, as well as in other parts of the Empire. I shall watch over your interests and effici ency with continuous and keen solicitude, and shall rely upon that spirit of loyalty and devo tion which has in all times animated and been the proud tradition of the British Army. George R.I. THE ACCESSION 361 TO THE PRINCES AND PEOPLES OF INDIA ^ I have received with profound appreciation the expression of sympathy and loyalty con veyed in your Excellency's message from the Princes and People of all the races and creeds In my Indian Empire on the occasion of the death of my dearly-loved father, the King- Emperor, I am deeply touched by this ex pression of their universal sorrow for his death. He always remembered with affection his visit to India, and its welfare was ever In his thoughts. From my own experience I know the profound loyalty felt for my Throne by the Princes and People of India, to whom ' loth May, 1910. His Majesty's reply, through the Secretary of State, to the Viceroy's message of sym pathy on behalf of ' ' the Princes and Peoples of all races and creeds in India." 362 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE I desire that my acknowledgments of the homage they have tendered to me on my Ac cession may be made known. The prosperity and happiness of my Indian Empire will al ways be to me of the highest interest and con cern, as they were to the late King-Emperor and the Queen-Empress before him. THE ACCESSION 363 "TO MY PEOPLE" ^ The voice of affection and of loving devo tion to the memory of my dear father which has come from every part of the Empire, the outward public demonstrations, especially those in the Capital during the two stages of his passing to his last resting-place, and the pathetic manner in which vast multitudes of his loving subjects patiently and reverently awaited opportunity to pay a last tribute to his memory, have profoundly touched me and my whole family. A sorrow so sudden and unlooked for might well have been overwhelming. But the senti ments evoked by it have made me realize that ^ 22nd May, 1910. This letter was addressed from Marlborough House to, and issued by, the Home Secretary. 364 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE It is a loss common to me and my people : they share it with me : I do not stand alone. With such thoughts I take courage, and hopefully look Into the future : strong in my faith in God, trusting my people, and cherish ing the Laws and Constitution of my beloved country. George R.I. THE ACCESSION 365 TO THE OVERSEA DOMINIONS ^ The innumerable messages of kindness from my loyal subjects beyond the seas have deeply touched my heart, and have assured me that I have in full measure their sympathy in the great trial which has befallen me and them, that my sorrow is their sorrow, that we share a common loss. The happiness of all his people throughout his Dominions was dear to the heart of my beloved father. For them he lived and worked ; in their service he died; and I cannot doubt that they will hold his name in grateful re- ' Addressed to the Officers Administering the Govern ments of all British Dominions Beyond the Seas, British Colonies, and Protectorates. Issued to the Press and published 24th May, 1910. 366 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE membrance. I am now called to follow in his footsteps and carry on the work which pro spered in his hands. As a sailor, I have been brought into con stant touch with the oversea Dominions of the Crown, and I have personally realized the affectionate loyalty which holds together many lands and diverse peoples in one glorious fellowship. Nine years ago I travelled through the Empire, accompanied by my dear wife; and had the late King lived we should together, at his expressed wish, have visited South Africa in the coming autumn to open the first Parliament of the South African Union, the latest and greatest evidence of that peace and harmony which my father ever loved to pro mote. It will be my earnest endeavour to uphold constitutional government and to safeguard in all their fullness the liberties which are en joyed throughout my dominions; and, under the good guidance of the Ruler of all men, I THE ACCESSION 367 will maintain upon the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace the great heritage of the united British Empire. George R.I. 368 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE A PLEDGE TO INDIA ^ The lamented and unlooked-for death of my dearly loved father calls me to ascend the Throne that comes to me as the heir of a great and ancient line. As King and Emperor, I greet the Princes, the Ruling Chiefs, and all the other dwellers in my Indian dominions. I offer you my heartfelt thanks for the touch ing and abundant manifestation that this event has called forth from all the diverse races, classes, and faiths in India, of loyalty to the Sovereign Crown, and personal attachment to its wearers. Queen Victoria, of revered memory, ad dressed her Indian subjects and the heads of ' This letter to the Princes and People of India was issued to the Press and published on 24th May, 1910. THE ACCESSION 369 Feudatory States when she assumed the direct government in 1858; and her august son, my father, of honoured and beloved name, com memorated the same most notable event In his Address to you fifty years later. These are the charters of the noble and benignant spirit of Imperial rule, and by that spirit in all my time to come I will faithfully abide. By the wish of his late Majesty, and fol lowing his own example, I visited India five years ago, accompanied by my Royal Consort. We became personally acquainted with great kingdoms known to history, with monuments of a civilization older than our own, with ancient customs and ways of life, with native Rulers, with the peoples, the cities, towns, villages, throughout those vast territories. Never can either the vivid impressions or the affectionate associations of that wonderful journey vanish or grow dim. Firmly I confide in your dutiful and active co-operation in the high and arduous tasks that lie before me; and I count upon your B B 370 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE ready response to the earnest sympathy with the well-being of India that must ever be the inspiration of my rule. George R.I. THE ACCESSION 371 THE PERFECT STANDARD ^ {a) The tributes of respect and honourwhich you pay to King Edward's memory are precious to those who have most deeply suffered by his loss. It is my desire to follow In my father's steps, and, so far as may be in my power, to promote the peace and unity of nations, to second all efforts for the alleviation of sickness and suffering, and to support every wise and well-considered scheme for the public good. I am encouraged in all this by your good wishes ^ 8th July, 1910. Reply to addresses presented at St. James's Palace from (a) the Convocation of Canterbury, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and {h) the Convoca tion of the Northern Province, by the Archbishop of York. The latter address recalled the following words of King Edward VII: " It is my desire that the power of the Church to aid my people may be strengthened as the years unfold." 372 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE and your prayers for God's blessing upon my endeavours. I am fortified by the belief that the ends which we pursue are In harmony with the teachings of the Church, and that they will be achieved only while we seek In faith and humility that perfect standard of conduct and sacrifice which has been revealed to Christian men. (b) I am grateful in my sorrow for the ex pression of your profound sympathy, and for the honour and affection with which you re gard the memory of my beloved father. The message of good will and good cheer which King Edward spoke to you but a few months ago was the last public utterance of his life. I adopt his words on that occasion as my own, and you may count on my aid and fer vent sympathy in all your beneficent labours. The foundations of national glory are set in the homes of the people. They will only re main unshaken while the family life of our race and nation is strong, simple, and pure. THE ACCESSION 373 Amid the multiplying complexities of mod ern social conditions, in the hurry of the age, and with the ever-growing needs of millions for moral guidance and spiritual consolation, the work of the Church, both religious and charitable, assumes each year a deeper prac tical significance. That the Church may prosper in her sacred mission, that her teaching may become ever more profoundly interwoven with the real lives and thoughts of the people, and that in en lightened unity with all other Christian effort she may sustain and uplift the hearts of men, will always be my prayer. 374 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE IN THE STEPS OF THE PEACE MAKER ^ (a) It is a source of consolation to me to feel that the hearts of my subjects in my Capital City are deeply moved in sorrow by our bereavement, and that, as you truly say, the loss which falls upon me and my family Is shared by the many peoples who dwell securely within the circle of the British Empire, and whose welfare and contentment were the main object of King Edward's life. I humbly join * («) gthjune, 1910: Reply to address from the Common Council of the City of London. 22nd June, 1910: replies to addresses from (V) the Protestant Dissenting Ministers of the Three Denominations, (c) the Scottish General Assembly, (d) Presbyterian Ministers in and about the cities of London and Westminster, (e) the Society of Friends, (/) the Dean and Canons of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, (^) the Conjoint Jewish Committee, (A) the City of Edinburgh, (i) other addresses. THE ACCESSION 375 In the prayer which you offer to Almighty God that He in His great mercy may give me strength to follow In the footsteps of my father, and that I may be enabled to continue his efforts to consolidate the foundation of peace among the Powers of the world, and to pro mote the spirit of goodwill among all classes of my subjects here at home. (b) On behalf of the Queen and myself, I thank you most cordially for your loyal and dutiful address on the death of my beloved father. I am deeply touched by your affection ate appreciation of his character, and by your recognition of his sincere desire to promote the happiness of his subjects and to promote peace among the nations. Adopting as my own his words which you have quoted, I assure you that it will ever be my desire to preserve to all my subjects liberty of conscience and equal justice. It Is my earnest prayer that in this and other ways I may, with God's help, follow in King Edward's footsteps, and that. 376 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE as the years pass, my people may prosper in wealth and happiness, that they may be con firmed in their love of justice, in strength of character, and in devotion to those exalted moral and spiritual conceptions which are set before them in the teaching of your churches. (c) The recent meeting of your General Assembly afforded me an opportunity of which I gladly availed myself through my Commis sioner to renew to your venerable body the assurance of my firm determination to main tain undiminished the rights and privileges of the Church of Scotland by law established. I know well how great are the services rendered by the Church of Scotland to the cause of religion and humanity, and it is my firm trust that under the hand of God your labours will have issues more and more manifest in the future that lies before you. (d) I am deeply touched by the words in which you have given expression to your sym- THE ACCESSION 377 pathy on the occasion of my beloved father's death, and have testified to the grief which his loss has universally awakened. Your appre ciation of the way in which he did his duty for the good of his people and the cause of peace among the nations brings me a measure of consolation and encouragement In this time of sorrow. It is my earnest desire, with God's help, to labour for the unity, peace, and pros perity of my Empire, to promote its moral interests, and to maintain the civil and reli gious liberty which is the basis of progress and of spiritual vitality. (e) I welcome your recognition of King Edward's efforts to spread those principles of peace and goodwill which you especially cherish ; and I know that I may count on the steadfast support of the Society of Friends in carrying on his labours for the establishment of friendship and mutual sympathy among the peoples of the Empire and the nations of the world. I echo with all my heart your prayers 378 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE that God may ever guide myself and my advisers in grace and wisdom through the difficulties and perils of our course. (/) King Edward dwelt long and often in your midst, and you had intimate opportunities of learning the nobility of his character. It is my earnest desire that I may follow in my father's footsteps, and, by the help of God, may be enabled to promote trust and tran quillity among the nations, to sustain a spirit of true religion, and to widen the oppor tunities and fortify the welfare of my people. (g) It gives me entire satisfaction to receive the dutiful address of two such important and beneficent bodies, and to know that these loyal sentiments are expressed on behalf of my Jewish subjects throughout the Empire. I derive not a little consolation from your sympathy in my bereavement, and from your testimony that my beloved father's constant solicitude for the welfare of every class and community within his Dominions during his THE ACCESSION 379 life has attached the enduring gratitude of his people to his memory. On behalf of the Queen and myself, I thank you for your good wishes and for the assurance of your unswerving devotion to the Throne. {h) In discharging the duties to which I have been called, I rely with confidence upon the loyal support of my Scottish subjects, and am sure that no less distinguished in zeal and earnestness will be the people of the City of Edinburgh, which has ever been a notable centre of light and civilization In the history of these realms. {i) It is a consolation to me in this time of sorrow to feel that my grief Is shared by my subjects in all parts of this great Empire over which I have been called to reign, and to know that the character and aims of my be loved father were appreciated by those whose prosperity and welfare were ever in his thoughts. You may be assured that It will be my con- 38o THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE stant endeavour to justify the confidence which you repose In me, and to follow, with the help of Almighty God, in my father's footsteps, to uphold the honour of our country, and to labour, so far as in me lies, for the prosperity and progress of my people. THE ACCESSION 381 KING EDWARD AND THE UNIVERSITIES ^ (a) Your words of appreciation of the char acter of the late King are very welcome to • me. He always regarded with the deepest in terest those scientific discoveries already made which have been of such supreme Importance in the advancement of civilization. I also have watched with close attention the work of your Society; and it Is my sincere hope that its prosperity will continue, and that a Fellow ship of the Royal Society will always be esteemed one of the highest honours which ' gth June and 22nd June, 1910: Replies to addresses of sympathy and loyalty presented at St. James's Palace by deputations from {a) the Royal Society, (5) on the latter date, the University of Oxford, {c) Cambridge University, [d] Edinburgh University, (e) London Uni versity, (f) Dublin University. 382 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE can be earned by devotion to the cause of science. {b) I know that the death of my beloved father will nowhere have awakened a keener sense of personal loss than In the ancient and glorious University of Oxford, towards which he always bore a true affection cherished In his heart from the days of his youth. It con soles me in my grief to know that King Edward's labours as ruler of this Empire and peacemaker among the nations met with so full a measure of your appreciation and gratitude. Your assurances of loyalty and loving confidence strengthen me in the duties and responsibilities to which I have succeeded ; and I thank you for your wishes that my reign may be long and prosperous. It is my desire to follow the example of my father and of Queen Victoria in sustaining and fortifying those seats of learning on whose prosperity and influence the character and repute of our civilization largely depend. Among them the THE ACCESSION 383 University of Oxford, with its world-famous traditions of steadfastness and loyalty, will ever hold an honoured place. (c) The grief that I feel for the loss of my beloved father is mitigated by the thought that others feel with me. I am moved by the appreciation which you have shown for my father's character and for the aims by which his life was influenced. His wish was ever to do his duty, and to guard and maintain the highest interests of his people. I thank you for your congratulations on my Accession to the Throne and for your good wishes for the Queen and myself. It Is my resolve, by the help of Almighty God, to continue the work in which my father laboured, and to tread his path. Your famous University may count upon my sincere good-will ; and, like King Edward, I shall watch its progress and expansion with lively interest. I am convinced that you will not fail In the responsibilities with which you are charged, and that the zeal for truth, love 384 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE of learning, and a high ideal of character and conduct will ever be cherished and fostered in your midst. I pray that the blessing of God may attend your labours. (d) It gave me great pleasure to listen to the record which you have recited of the growth and increasing prosperity of the University of Edinburgh since the time when, as Prince of Wales, my dear father matriculated as a student. The work of the Universities is of far-reaching importance to the welfare of my people; and I feel confident that every expan sion of the sphere of their influence will be attended with beneficial results. I shall follow with deep interest the work which is being done by your University In furthering the advance of sound learning and education. t» (e) King Edward watched with keen interest the continuing prosperity and progress of the London University. He understood how much the strength and reputation of our country THE ACCESSION 385 depended upon the moral and intellectual cul ture of her sons and daughters. He saw with pleasure the distinction and thoroughness with which the London University invested higher education in the capital. You may be assured that the fortunes of your University will ever be near my heart, and that I shall always take a lively interest In your welfare. (/) King Edward was anxious to show by those marks of affection and interest of which you speak that he recognized to the full that you have never failed In the faithful execution of the great and honourable trust imposed upon you, and that you have sent forth many sons of Ireland to carry on their country's great traditions of strenuous service in every calling. Your welfare will remain as dear to me as to my beloved father ; and I shall watch with constant interest the progress of your work. cc 386 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE SERVICE OF LONDON ^ I have long watched with interest the pro gress of the many duties undertaken by the Council. I am aware of the difficulties they have to meet, and of the labour and effort by which they are overcome. Great advance has been made in the provision of accommodation for persons of the working class ; and the edu cational work of the Metropolis has never been more efficientlyconducted than at present. The broad and noble streets which you have opened through crowded areas, the vast net work of tramways by which you have enabled workmen employed in the central districts to live on the confines of the country, the tun- ' gth June, igio. Reply to an address of condolence on the death of King Edward from the London County Council. THE ACCESSION 387 nels by which you have united the two sides of the river, the great parks which you have pro vided for the recreation of the people, are works of lasting public utility of which you and the officers who have worked for you may well be proud. I desire to assure you of my confidence In the successful continuance of your work in every department, and in the maintenance of that high standard of public spirit which has rendered you worthy to pre side over the destinies of the great Metro politan County. 388 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE THE FESTIVAL OF EMPIRE ^ (a) We are very glad to visit your borough, and receive so warm an assurance of the loyalty and devotion of its inhabitants. Camberwell is rich, as you remind us, in places and memories of historic, literary, and artistic in terest. In the Crystal Palace you have close at hand the monumentof that first great National Exhibition which owed its inspiration and its success to the personal effortsof Queen Victoria and Prince Albert; and with their example before us we rejoice to be able to encourage by our presence to-day the Festival of Empire ' 1 2th May, igii. Their Majesties drove through South London to be present at the opening of the Festival of Empire at the Crystal Palace, and received addresses, to which these are the replies, (a) from the Camberwell Borough Council, and {b) from the Penge Urban District Council. THE ACCESSION 389 and the Pageant of London, which are de signed to further the imperial and national interests they had at heart. (b) We hope that every success will crown the labours of those who, in promoting this Festival of Empire, have striven to serve the cause of Imperial unity and to awaken interest in the historic past of our great Mother City. The inhabitants of Penge will, I am sure, give the Festival their generous support, so that it may worthily uphold the traditions of the great Exhibition of sixty years ago. 390 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE TO THE MEMORY OF QUEEN VICTORIA ^ We are met together to celebrate the com pletion of the noble Monument which has been raised to Queen Victoria by her people all over the world. Ten years have passed since those who were chosen for this Trust from the foremost men of both great parties in the State began their labours. My beloved father during his period had watched over and guided the work with interest and close attention, anxiously looking forward to the ceremony now to be performed. ^ i6th May, igii. King George unveiled the Im perial Memorial to Queen Victoria (executed by Sir Thomas Brock), in front of Buckingham Palace, in presence of a distinguished company which included the German Emperor and Empress, other foreign Princes, and many Imperial and foreign representatives. THE ACCESSION 391 Though, alas, not spared to see the comple tion of the Memorial, King Edward VII is more than ever in our loving thoughts to-day. The Committee have deserved the public approbation for the care and judgment which they have bestowed upon the honourable duty confided to them. The Memorial itself, alike In beauty and situation, does justice to the art of the sculptor and the skill of the archi tect. It now stands complete before our eyes to revive for us and to convey to our descend ants the lustre and fame which shine upon that happy age of British history, when a woman's hand held, for a period which almost equalled the allotted span of human life, the sceptre of the Empire, and when the simple virtues of a Queen comforted the hearts of nations. The Dominions and Colonies beyond the seas, which grew greatly in prosperity and strength during her reign, and whose loyalty centred ever more directly upon her august person, have from every part and quarter of 392 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE the globe united to enshrine her memory; this monument represents the tribute of races and regions more various in character and circumstance than have been combined before upon a common purpose. It is a source of deep satisfaction to me and to my family that my dear cousin the German Emperor, accom panied by the Empress, is present at this his toric ceremony. His Imperial Majesty Is the eldest grandson of Queen Victoria, whom he always loved and venerated with natural affec tion ; and his presence and sympathy with us during the last days of her life and afterwards will never be forgotten by me and my people. Strong and living ties of kinship and friend ship unite our thrones and persons. The nation rejoices with me that he is here to-day to share in the unveiling of this Memorial. I pray this monument may stand for ever in London to proclaim the glories of the reign of Queen Victoria, and to prove to future generations the sentiments of affection and reverence which her people felt for her and for THE ACCESSION 393 her memory. As time passes and years un fold, events are revealed in their true character and proportion. We are sure that the tributes we pay to-day will not be disputed by pos terity. Her life was devoted to the discharge of her solemn public duty. Her authority was exercised on all occasions with sincere respect for constitutional usage and tradition. No Sovereign in history reigned so long over so many millions of mankind ; no ruler saw so many wonderful changes come to pass, or wit nessed such a vast expansion in the scale and power of human arrangements ; no reign in this kingdom ever gathered up more carefully the treasure of the past, or prepared more hopefully the path of the future. No woman was ever held in higher honour. No Queen was ever loved so well. AFTER THE CORONATION "OUR SUREST STRENGTH" Buckingham Palace, 2^thfune, igii. ^To MY People — Now that the Coronation and its attendant ceremonies are over, I desire to assure the people of the British Empire of my grateful ' This letter was issued through the Home Secretary and published on ist July, igi i. His Majesty had already issued messages of satisfaction to Lord Kitchener for the military and naval arrangements for the Coronation and the Progresses of 23rd and 29th June ; to the Earl Marshal for the arrangements at the Abbey; to the Home Secretary and Lord Mayor for the conduct of the Metropolitan and City police; and to the Dean of St. Paul's for the service there. The following reply was sent to a congratulatory telegram from the United States : "I heartily thank you, the people of the United States, for the kind congratulations which you offer me 394 AFTER THE CORONATION 395 sense that their hearts have been with me through it all. I felt this in the beautiful and impressive Service in the Abbey — the most solemn ex perience of my life — and scarcely less in the stirring scenes of the succeeding days, when my people have signified their recognition and their heartfelt welcome of me as their Sove reign. For this has been apparent not only in the loyal enthusiasm shown in our passage to and from Westminster, and in the Pro gresses which we have made in different dis tricts of London, but also in the thousands of messages of goodwill which have come to me across the seas from every part of the Empire. Such affectionate demonstrations have pro foundly touched me, and have filled me afresh on this great and solemn day, and for the good wishes you express for the prosperity of the British Dominions and the welfare of myself and my family. I heartily reciprocate your wishes that the friendly relations be tween the United States and my country should ever continue." 396 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE with faith and confidence. Believing that this generous and outspoken sympathy with the Queen and myself is, under God, our surest source of strength, I am encouraged to go forward with renewed hope. Whatever perplexities or difficulties may lie before me and my people, we shall all unite in facing them resolutely, calmly, and with public spirit, confident that, under Divine guidance, the ultimate outcome will be to the common good. George R.I. AFTER THE CORONATION 397 THE GREATNESS OF LONDON ^ («) On behalf of Queen Mary and myself, I desire to express our special pleasure at re ceiving this loyal address of congratulation from the inhabitants of the great city in which we live. Westminster, as the ancient seat, first, of the Government of England, then of the United Kingdom, and now of the whole Empire, is rightly proud to have been the theatre of many ' 23rd June, 1911. The Royal Progress which was called the "people's day" of the Coronation. RepHes to addresses from (a) the Westminster City Council, (6) the London County Council, (c) the Councils of Metro politan boroughs on the north side of the Thames (pre sented by the Mayor of Poplar), (d) the South London Municipalities (presented by the Mayor of Southwark). 2gth June. Replies to addresses, on visit to the City, from (e) the City of London Common Council, and (/) the Metropolitan Water Board, 398 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE events which have made their mark upon the history of mankind. Among these scenes, sometimes of triumph, and sometimes of tribu lation, which have marked the fortunes of our State and nation, no happier series can be found than the crownings of the long line of Sovereigns who have carried forward the tradi tions and inheritance of a British Monarchy from the earliest periods of our island's records to the bright light of modern times. The solemn ceremony of yesterday, in which you so earnestly shared, has added fresh lustre to the City's ancient renown, and has made more secure than ever the special place which you hold in our affections. (b) Amid the countless signs of loyalty and affection which have greeted us on every side on our Coronation, this tribute from the London County Council claims special recognition. The prosperity and contentment of the vast population whose lot Is cast within the boun daries of the Council's municipal rule are, in AFTER THE CORONATION 399 many important respects, dependent upon your zeal and foresight. You conduct the affairs of a population and administer revenues which would not be unworthy of an important Sove reign State. In the zealous and successful discharge of this solemn trust, the Council and its officers afford the largest and most striking example of the British system of local self-government. We are very glad to have this opportunity of assuring you that we shall always lend you our encouragement in your efforts to hold London in the forefront of every movement of social progress. I join in your prayers for the prosperity and happiness of the Empire over which I have been called to reign, and of this great City which is its centre and capital. (c) The Queen and I thank you for this cordial expression of the loyalty and affection of the millions who dwell in the great Metro politan boroughs Nprth of the Thames. We 400 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE shall treasure your words of congratulation on our Accession and Coronation; and we are sensible of your sympathy in our endeavours to discharge the duties to which we have been called. We recognize especially the support afforded to us by the public spirit and disinterested zeal of those who, whether as Councillors or officers, devote themselves to the government of the seventeen Municipalities which you re present. The development and maintenance of a vigorous civic life in the many boroughs of London are confronted with some difficulty to which communities less vast and less varied are not exposed; and, at the same time, social problems in the Metropolis have assumed a scale and a complexity unequalled elsewhere. Our special commendation is, therefore, due to those who, through their sense of local pat riotism, are willing to bear the burden and to conduct the administration, with a resolve that all difficulties shall be faced and overcome. We join in your prayers for the peace and AFTER THE CORONATION 401 contentment of all our people; and, so long as God is pleased to spare us, we will strive to deserve the blessings you ask on our behalf. (d) The Queen and I are grateful to you for your appreciation of the efforts we make to know and understand the interests of all our subjects. It Is our earnest wish that the most distant of our Dominions may feel that they are as much within our thoughts and our care as the heart of the great Capital which we traverse to-day. By the improvement in the South London estates of the Duchy of Cornwall, to which you make such generous reference, I hope to do something locally to mitigate and alleviate the conditions under which so many of the poorer classes dwell. The Queen and I will gladly do anything we can to encourage and aid you in all wise measures which you may take for the im provement of the condition of the people, and in the discharge of all the heavy responsibilities D D 402 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE which are involved in the municipal govern ment of the Metropolis. If your good wishes and prayers are realized, we hope to have occasion in future to assure you of our per sonal sympathy in your work ; and we know that we shall never fail to find the same loyalty and dutiful devotion that have hitherto characterized your relations with the Throne. (e) In the name of the Queen and for my self, I most earnestly thank you, my Lord Mayor, the Corporation, and the citizens of London for the well-chosen words in which you have welcomed us to the Guildhall on our first visit to the City of London after our Coronation, and for all the goodwill to which your Address gives expression. I thank you, also, for your allusion to the presence here to day of my dear son, the Prince of Wales. In the responsibilities which attach to the administration of the Empire, I am confident that my advisers will be strengthened by the steadfast loyalty and public spirit of the citi- AFTER THE CORONATION 403 zens of London ; and I rejoice to hear renewed in this historic Guildhall the assurances of patriotism and devotion which have ever sus tained my predecessors. I beg you to believe, my Lord Mayor, that I shall strive by every means in my power to preserve the prosperity and pre-eminence of my capital city, and to promote the welfare of every part of my Em pire. And I join In your prayer that God's blessing may abide with us and with our people. (/) I am well aware of the extreme im portance of the duties entrusted to the Metro politan Water Board, and of the difficulties which have been successfully surmounted in ensuring to the population of London a con tinuance of that pure and abundant water supply upon which the health of the Metro polis largely depends. Dwellers in London are, perhaps, too ready to accept this great boon as a matter of course; and it is well that we should have an 404 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE opportunity of acknowledging the great debt we all owe to you and to your predecessors, and above all to Sir Hugh Myddelton, for the enterprise and energy which have contributed to make the water supply of London the finest In the world. AFTER THE CORONATION 405 THE FISHERMEN OF NEW FOUNDLAND ^ I desire, on the occasion of the laying of the foundation-stone of the new Institute for Seamen in Newfoundland, to express my high appreciation of the admirable work which is being done for the welfare of the seamen and fishermen in the Colony under the direction of Dr. Grenfell, from whom, on the occasion of his last visit to England, I learned the details of the arduous lives of those of my people who are engaged in the Newfoundland fisheries. It is my earnest wish that this In stitute may prove of the greatest benefit to ^ 22nd June, igii. This cabled message followed the laying of the foundation-stone, by means of an electric current direct from Buckingham Palace which fused a wire at St. John's, Newfoundland, when the King pressed a button in London. 4o6 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE the people of Newfoundland ; and I have been glad to consent to a request that it may be named King George V Seamen's Institute, and to extend to it my patronage. AFTER THE CORONATION 407 THE FLEET ^ {a) I wish to express the gratification with which I have reviewed the Fleet to-day, and my highest appreciation of the admirable ap pearance of the ships and the marked precision of the lines. {b) From my earliest years I have been familiar with your borough, and I have looked forward with pleasure to my visits. On each occasion I have found some fresh improve ment in the construction or organization of my Fleet, some new development of naval power to study and approve. I have seen ^ 24th June, 191 1. Review of The Fleet at Spithead. {a) Message signalled by the King at the close of the review; (6) reply to address by the Portsmouth Cor poration on their Majesties' arrival; (c) speech to Veterans of the port. 4o8 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE from time to time the admirable work which has been performed by the municipality of my first naval port; and I am confident that in your hands that work will be continued for the benefit of your townsmen and for the in creasing prosperity of the borough. (c) It has given the Queen and myself great pleasure to see so many old sailors and soldiers who have distinguished themselves in many parts of the world in rendering great service to their country and their Sovereign. I trust you will be spared for many years to enjoy your well-earned pension and rest. Good-bye ! AFTER THE CORONATION 409 THE IMPORTANCE OF AGRICUL TURE ^ My earliest associations are connected with the county of Norfolk; and it gives me the greatest pleasure to revisit your ancient city so shortly after the memorable ceremony of my Coronation, and to receive the loyal congratu lations of its citizens. You may feel assured that the special interest in your city, which my beloved father showed on many occasions, and which I retain and renew, will not be forgotten. My presence here as President of the Royal ' 28th June, 1911. Visit to Norwich for the Royal Show. Reply to address from the City Council. His Majesty afterwards sent thanks to the Lord Mayor (Sir Eustace Gurney) for the " real Norfolk welcome " he had received, and congratulations to Sir Ailwyn Fellowes on the great success of the Show. 4IO THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE Agricultural Society of England indicates my wish and intention to promote, so far as in me lies, the advancement and interests of agriculture and the breeding of stock, an in dustry not only of value to this locality, but of capital importance to the Kingdom and my whole Empire. It is my earnest wish to follow in my father's footsteps and to give encouragement, count enance, and support to all well-directed efforts for the benefit of agriculture, and for the wel fare of all classes of my people who are en gaged in agricultural production. You may be assured of my most sincere good wishes for the well-being of your citizens and the pro gress and prosperity of your city. AFTER THE CORONATION 411 THE INTEGRITY OF THE LA W * This ancient Society has for centuries occu pied an honourable place among the Inns of Court. The training of those who devote their lives to the study and practice of the law is a function of primary importance in a civilized State. That great structure of reason and ex perience to which each generation makes its contribution, and which has been building since the remotest antiquity, has in our age reached a form and refinement worthy of the respect of all nations. But no system of jurisprudence, however modern, however elaborate, can secure justice unless it is conducted by men of simple in- ' 29th June, 191 1. Reply to address of the Benchers of Gray's Inn (presented by Mr. E. Clayton, K.C.) on their Majesties' visit to the City after the Coronation. 412 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE tegrity and honour. The personal character of individuals, the observance of a strict profes sional standard, are the necessary allies of good laws and careful judgments. Your duty has been to safeguard and renew the honour able traditions of the Bar. The Courts of Justice, those who resort to them, and the public in general owe much to the Inns of Court and to their Benchers for the vigilance with which they maintain the reputation of the Bar of this country for fearless integrity and instructed good feeling. These are above the value of the highest gifts of forensic elo quence, and not less necessary than learning itself. We thank you heartily for your warm ex pressions of devotion and affection to our Throne and persons. You may be assured of our cordial good wishes for the prosperity of your Society, which has had in the past the favour of our predecessors, and to-day in cludes two members of our family on its Bench. AFTER THE CORONATION 413 CHRIST'S HOSPITAL *We are greatly touched by these loyal greetings from the children of the pious and venerable foundation of Christ's Hospital, which has been so closely connected by ties of loyalty and favour with our Throne and Family. The words of your address recall the occasion on which my beloved father, on behalf of Queen Victoria, laid the foundation- stone of the new schools at Horsham, and expressed the hope that the tradition of the old school would be continued, and would flourish in its new surroundings. As President of your Foundation I have watched over your interests, and I know that the name of Christ's Hospital never stood higher than to-day, or better sustained the ^ 29th June, 191 1, 414 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE honour of its Royal founder and the long line of its Royal benefactors. You will remain an object of our special care, and it is our earnest prayer that the blessing of God may attend the future of the school. AFTER THE CORONATION 415 THE CHILDREN'S DA Y ^The splendid result of the Committee's labours more than justified the confidence that the King reposed in their judgment, ability, and kindness of heart. His Majesty and the Queen will ever remember to-day's great gathering, most striking in its vast array and dignified simplicity, in its perfect order and touching spirit. The King feels that London may well be proud of its children. Their eagerness to carry out their instructions and to uphold the credit * 30th June, 1911. Letter from Sir Wm. Carington to Mr. E. J. Husey, Honorary Secretary of the King's Coronation Fete to London Children at the Festival of Empire, Crystal Palace, at which 100,000 London school children were present, and over 6,000 teachers and 4i6 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE of their schools, together with their marvellous self-restraint, augurs well for their own and their country's future. To the children who were at the Fete to-day, as well as to those who, to the King's regret, were absent through lack of space, to each and to every boy and girl his Majesty sends a heartfelt and kindly greeting, praying that God in His mercy may bless them now and always. AFTER THE CORONATION 417 HOME AGAIN ^ (a) It is a source of satisfaction to us to be assured so cordially of the loyalty and devo tion of men who occupy a position in the State which carries with it so much responsi bility for the peace and contentment of my people. I am confident that you will worthily uphold the traditions of British liberty and justice. (b) We shall often, when at Windsor, have occasion to visit your county; and we feel sure that the loyalty and affection to which the ' ist July, 191 1. Their Majesties' return to Windsor Castle after their Coronation. Replies to addresses from (a) the Magistrates of the County of Buckingham, (b) the Buckingham County Council, (c) the Bucks Terri torial Association, (d) the Slough Urban District Coun cil, (e) the Thames Conservators (presented by Lord Desborough), and (/) the Corporation of Windsor. E E 4i8 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE earnestness of your welcome bears witness to day will never fail us. The welfare of my people will ever be the first object in my thoughts ; and I trust that, by God's blessing, my reign may be marked by peace and pro sperity throughout the realm. (c) It is my wish and intention to follow in the steps of my father and to strive, as he did, to prJmote the welfare of the Territorial force, (d) The strong Impression which we have sustained of the spontaneous loyalty shown us by the immense assemblies during our progresses through the Capital in no way diminishes our pleasure in the personal good will of our neighbours and those who know us in our home at Windsor. We are always glad to be among you, and if God is pleased to grant your prayer we are sure that the years as they pass will strengthen the ties that now exist between us. (e) The Thames is the pride of every AFTER THE CORONATION 419 Englishman who has learned its story or experienced the fascination of its summer beauty. The upper reaches which you con trol contribute to the health and enjoyment of our people, as its tidal waters serve in the development of their commerce and industries. We have seen from year to year the great improvements which are constantly being effected under your direction ; and we are sure that your efforts will continue to be attended by an increasing measure of success. (/) The Queen and I thank you heartily for this renewed assurance of loyalty and affection on this first visit to our beautiful home at Windsor after the Coronation, We are grateful to you for your kindly and well-considered words. It is my earnest wish to know and understand the legitimate interests and feel ings of all classes of my subjects at home and overseas. The progress and prosperity of Windsor hold an intimate place in our thoughts. It has 420 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE given me pleasure to be able to set aside for your use as a recreation ground a portion of the Royal Park. The cultivation of physical efficiency is of peculiar importance in the present age of mental exertion ; and I feel sure that the youth of Windsor will take full ad vantage of the opportunities which will thus be afforded them for healthful and manly recreation. Here, beneath the statue of the great Queen Victoria, our hearts must be filled with thank fulness for the influence and example of her home life at Windsor, We look forward with feelings of pleasure and gratitude to the creation of a similar memorial which is to be erected by the people of Windsor to my beloved father. We remember his pride in the Castle and all its surroundings, and the keen per sonal interest with which he followed the many improvements carried out here during his reign. Such memories of the past will ever endear to us Windsor and its people, and their pro sperity and welfare will be our abiding trust. AFTER THE CORONATION 421 BOY SCOUTS ^(a) I am commanded to inform you that the King was very much pleased to see so many detachments of the Boy Scouts from all parts of the United Kingdom, including some from the Oversea Dominions, at the rally to-day. His Majesty welcomes this opportunity of showing his appreciation of the great voluntary work which Is being carried out by men and women of all classes who are striving to further the advance of sound training and education among the rising generation of the Empire. The healthy appearance, as well as the smart- ' These letters from Major Clive Wigram, at Windsor Castle, addressed (a), on 4th July, to Sir Robert Baden- Powell, and (b), on 3rd July, 191 1, to Lord Haldane, fol lowed His Majesty's reviews of the Boy Scouts and Officers' Training Corps at Windsor. 422 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE ness and keenness, of the boys surprised his Majesty. I am further to heartily congratulate you and your workers on the widespread interest the Boy Scout movement has aroused, and on the remarkable results already achieved. The King feels sure that the boys of the Empire will show their gratitude for the encourage ment so generously given by the various organizations, both at home and abroad, and will endeavour to become God-fearing and useful citizens. (b) His Majesty was struck with the physical fitness and steadiness on parade of all ranks, and considered the march past most creditable. I am to assure you that the development of this patriotic effort on the part of the Univers ities, the Public Schools, and other seats of learning to take their share of the responsi bilities of National Service, and to do their best to train our future leaders, will be followed with much interest by his Majesty. AFTER THE CORONATION 423 " THE HARDEST SERVICE" ^ (a) The warmth of your greeting is in har mony with the loyalty of your ancient founda tion. We thank you for your words of sym pathy and encouragement. We count upon you to serve us still further by fostering in those committed to your care a standard of manliness, knowledge, courtesy, and public spirit which will not be unworthy of the re nown of Eton. (b) It is a great pleasure to us to visit Eton again and to receive, so soon after the solemn ' ist July, 191 1. Replies to addresses from (a) the Provost, Fellows, and Masters of Eton College, (i) from the King's Scholars and Oppidans of Eton College and School. 424 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE ceremony of our Coronation, the assurance of the loyalty and devotion to the Crown which is one of the firmest traditions of your school. Hereyouenjoy many advantages in the educa tion you receive, and in the circumstances of your lives. The British Empire requires at the present time hard service from all its sons. It requires the hardest service from those to whom most has been given. You will, I am sure, in the course of your lives lose no opportunity of rendering service to your country and to the nation. These opportunities occur in times of peace as often as in times of war. By seizing them and turning them to the fullest account, you will be able to take your part in the work which my people have to do all over the world, and so continue to send out from these historic walls men as great and as useful as those who have gone before. I shall always take a keen interest In Eton, not only in memory of this ancient Royal foundation, but as a neighbour and as a friend. AFTER THE CORONATION 425 I am confident that, in the future, you will never forget that upon you rests the responsi bility of upholding the honour of Eton and her world-wide fame. 426 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE HAPPY DA YS IN IRELAND ^ {a) Our previous visits to Ireland and your beautiful town, with its historical associations, have given us unmixed pleasure. We antici pate to-day a repetition of these happy ex- ' 8thjuly, igii. Visit to Ireland. Replies to addresses (a), on landing, from the Urban District Council of Kingstown; {b) from the Blackrock Reception Com mittee (read by the Earl of Pembroke); {c) from the Reception Committee at Ballsbridge (read by Sir Robert Gardner); [d) from Dublin University (read by Lord Iveagh) ; (e) on gth July, at Maynooth College, from the Cardinal, Primate, and Bishops of Ireland and the College staff (read by Monsignor Mannix); (/) on loth July, at the Castle, from the Dublin Citizens' Com mittee; (^) from the National University of Ireland; {h) to other addresses. "Nowhere in the wide Empire," said the "Morning Post" Correspondent, "could King George have had a truer, more whole-hearted, or more enthusiastic welcome than that given to him and to Queen Mary by the people of the Irish capital." AFTER THE CORONATION 427 periences. Our stay in Ireland must of necessity be brief; but we desire to take the earliest opportunity of coming among our Irish people, in whose welfare our interest is deep and abiding. I thank you for your good wishes, and I pray for the continued pro sperity of your famous harbour and township and for the happiness of your people. (b) Your kindly Irish welcome is very gratifying to the Queen and myself. We are deeply interested in the improvement of the conditions under which our people live and labour. Healthy homes, good sanitation to ward off preventable disease, provision for open-air amusements, for mental culture, and for the acquisition of technical skill are in these days essential conditions of efficiency and prosperity in any community. I con gratulate you that the enjoyment of these ad vantages has been secured for your district in such abundant measure. May your efforts to promote the physical and moral well-being of 428 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE the people be blessed with ever-increasing success! (c) I can assure you it has given the Queen and myself great pleasure to revisit Ireland, where we have been invariably received with kindness and goodwill. We regret only that circumstances make it impossible for us at present to prolong our stay or to extend our visit beyond the capital and its immediate neighbourhood. I thank you for your kindly welcome, and I offer my best wishes for the welfare of all classes of the people in the im portant district which you represent. {d) As a graduate of Trinity, I feel at home within your famous walls, and claim the right to share in its great traditions, to which you have so properly referred. Your University, both in the width of its studies and its tolera tion, has long set a great example to kindred institutions ; and I am glad to observe that you anticipate nothing but good from the changes AFTER THE CORONATION 429 indicated by the terms of my Royal letter. Trinity College will, I am sure, continue to hold its high place in the estimation both of Ireland and the world. I am particularly glad to hear what you say as to your recently estab lished Officers' Training Corps. May success ever attend its efforts ! (e) The Queen and I thank you most heartily for your loyal address of welcome to St. Patrick's College, Maynooth. We are touched by your sympathetic allusions to our Coronation, and by the thought that you shared in the joy of that great and sacred oc casion in our lives. It gives us great pleasure to be able to pay a visit to this College, and to receive within its walls so kind an expres sion of feeling towards us from all connected with the important work here carried on. The reception given us here to-day is but an ex ample of the affectionate greeting which is always accorded us by the warm-hearted Irish people. 430 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE (/) My first visit to your city was made twenty-four years ago, in the year 1887, and I well remember the pleasure it gave me, and also how that pleasure was renewed on my two subsequent visits in 1897 and 1905. When, in July, 1903, the citizens of Dublin presented a similar address to my beloved father, he re plied that there was no part of his Dominions in which he took more interest or visited with greater enjoyment than Ireland. I can repeat his words, and add the assurance that both the Queen and myself are delighted that our first visit after the Coronation ceremonial should be to the capital of Ireland, for whose prosperity we will ever pray. (g) Although the University you represent is, as you remind me, of recent creation, I re joice to know that already it is successfully started on an academic career which will, I am sure, as years roll by, earn for the National University of Ireland a great and enduring reputation as a true seat of learning. Ere longj AFTER THE CORONATION 431 I hope to be able to visit you in your own home and buildings ; and I am glad to notice that, aided by the generosity of a leading citizen of Dublin, a site worthy of a University can be found for you in the centre of the city. {h) During past years I have spent many happy days in Ireland, and I hope to enjoy many more in the years that lie before us. I am glad to be told of the increasing prosperity and well-being of my Irish people in all four Provinces, and to be able to observe signs of reviving activity in many of the arts and crafts, sciences, and callings which contribute so much to building up the character of a people and to provide outlets, I notice with filial pride and pleasure that, in almost every one of your addresses, refer ence is made to the deep affection my beloved father entertained for your country, and to the influence he exerted to secure its advance ment to prosperity. It Is, I do assure you, my intention to follow in my father's footsteps 432 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE in the same direction, and to do everything that lies within my power to promote the hap piness and general well-being of the Irish people. I pray that God's blessing may at tend all your efforts for the health, wealth, and happiness of Ireland. In reply to an address from 165,000 of the xvomen of Ireland, bound most beautifully in separate volumes for every province, Her Majesty the Queen said: I thank you with all my heart for the warm and affectionate welcome which you have conveyed to me on behalf of the many thousands of women who have signed the address which you have tww presented to me. I greatly admire the design and execution of the beautiful illuminations and the binding of the volumes containing the address; and I shall value them, and the handsome stand in which they are placed and its embroidered cover, all the more because I know that all the details have been carried out by Irish brains and Irish hands. This unique and touching expression of greeting from women repre senting all creeds and sections of the people on the occasion of my first visit to Ireland as Queen will always be a treasured possession and souvenir. AFTER THE CORONATION 433 FAREWELL TO ERIN Dublin Castle, 12th fuly, 191 1. ^ I cannot leave Ireland without at once giving expression to the feelings of joy and affection inspired by the wonderful reception which the people of Dublin have just given to the Queen and myself Wherever we have gone, we and our child ren have been welcomed with a spontaneous and hearty loyalty that has greatly touched our hearts, and made a permanent impression upon us. Without effort and without restraint, and in obedience to what seemed a natural ^ On their Majesties' return to England, "with the hearty cheers of the Irish people ringing in our ears," the King also telegraphed thanks to the Lord Lieu tenant, and in separate messages expressed appreciation of the conduct and appearance of the troops and police. F F 434 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE impulse of goodwill, the entire populace, men, women, and children, came out into the streets and parks to give us a true Irish welcome. We shall never forget It. We greatly admired the decoration of your streets, and feel grateful for the efforts we know were made in all parts of the city to add to the pleasure of our visit. Lookingforward,aswedo,tocomingamongst our Irish people again, and at no distant date, and repeating In other parts of the country the delightful experiences of the last few days, we can now only say that our best wishes will ever be for the increased prosperity of your ancient capital, and for the contentment and happiness of our Irish people. George R.I. AFTER THE CORONATION 435 WALES AND THE YOUNG PRINCE ^ The history and situation of Carnarvon make a special appeal not only to the imagina tion of the Welsh people, but to the whole Empire. The solemn ceremony which is about to be enacted within the walls of your historic Castle carries us back more than six hundred years. In those stern and troubled times, Car narvon was a stronghold in a land of continual war; and my ancestor. King Edward the First, sought to establish peace among these moun tains by associating the title and honours of the Prince of Wales with the heir to the Crown of England. The centuries that have since ' 13th July, igii. Visit to Carnarvon for the In vestiture of the Prince of Wales. His Majesty's reply to an address from the Corporation of Carnarvon. 436 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE elapsed have seen that peace develop into the closest union of England and Wales ; and the title "Prince of Wales " is now prized by both countries as the highest dignity of their Sove reign's eldest son. The union between the two countries was strengthened in the fifteenth century by the accession of a Welsh Prince to the Throne of England; and I do not need to remind you that, by his descent through the House of Tudor, my dear son derives a natural and intimate claim upon your allegiance. In ac ceding to the wish of the Principality that his advancement to the title should receive the confirmation and consecration of an Investiture in the land which, by his patent, he is called upon to protect and defend, I knew that the ceremony would not only revive the treasured memories of an ancient and famous past, but would create a lively sense of personal affection between Prince and people. I believe that the occasion will serve a still better purpose in assembling in union and AFTER THE CORONATION 437 power round his person all the forces of Welsh national life, which preserves the fame and achievements of your heroic ancestors, and will sustain in the modern world the virtues of the British race and the glories of the British Empire. We may properly interject here the two replies of the Prince of Wales to addresses presented on the same day on the occasion of the Investiture. To the Corporation of Carnarvon: I thank you most sincerely for your kind welcome and address. It gives me great pleasure to visit your historic town. I have read how Segontium was famous in the days of the Romans; and your noble Castle has a special interest for me. I have already heard some of your far-famed singing, of which I have been told so much. It gave me great delight. It touches all who hear it, coming as it does from the heart as well as from the head. As we say, '¦'¦Mor 0 Gdnyw Cymru i gyd" (All Wales is a sea of song). When I think of the many links which bind me to our beauti ful country, the title I bear seems more real to me than ever. You greet me on behalf of all in your 438 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE ancient mother tongue with " Croesaw" (Welcome); and so let m,e end by saying, "Diolch o waelod fy nghalon i hen wlad fy nhadau " (Thanks from the bottom of my heart to the old land of my fathers). To the National Address read by Sir John Rhys and the Arch Druid: I thank you with all my heart for your cordial welcome; and with you I wish that this may be the first of many visits to our beautiful country. As your Address reminds me, the many links of the past, my Tudor descent, the great title that I bear, as well as my name David, all bind m,e to Wales; and to-day I can safely say that I am in "hen wlad fy nhadau," the old land of my fathers. I assure you that I shall never forget to-day as long as I live;' and I hope sincerely that it will always mark a happy day in the Principality as one which brought you a new friend. He is, it is true, a young friend — / am very young — but I have great ex amples before me. I have my dear father and my dear mother and good friends to help me; and so, bearing in mind our ancient and beautiful saying, "Heb Dduw, heb ddim; Duw a digon," " Without God, without anything; God is enough," I hope to do my duty to my King, to Wales, and to you all. AFTER THE CORONATION 439 WELSH EDUCA TION AND IDEALS ^ (a) The occasion of our visit is to me a source of particular gratification. The Interest felt by my beloved father in higher education is well known, and the establishment of the University College of North Wales will always rank as one of the important events of his reign. I fully share his feelings; and the sac- ' 14th July, 1911, Visit of their Majesties to Bangor to open the University College of North Wales. Replies to addresses (a) from the Corporation of Bangor, and (6) from the College, the latter read by Lord Kenyon. iSth July, igii. Visit to Aberystwyth to lay the foundation-stone of the Welsh National Library, and to see the University College. Replies to addresses from (c) the Corporation of Aberystwyth, (d) the Cardigan County Council, (e) the County Justices, (/) the Pre sident, Governors, and Council of the National Library (read by Sir John Williams), (g) speech at the University College. 440 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE rifices which have been made by the people in this part of my Dominions to complete the institution are to me an assurance of the great results which will spring from the educational work of the College. You may be certain that I shall ever feel the warmest interest in the welfare and prosperity both of the College and of your ancient city. (b) It gives the Queen and myself the greatest pleasure to revisit your College, and to have such an early opportunity of intro ducing our dear son to the University. This great national Institution is the truest and most practical manifestation of the unity and patriotism of the people who yesterday gathered round the historic Castle of Carnarvon to ac claim their Prince. On his behalf, I thank you most sincerely for your congratulations on that memorable event. The enthusiastic demon strations of loyalty which the Investiture in voked throughout the Principality have deeply moved our hearts. AFTER THE CORONATION 441 I have not forgotten the occasion of my previous visit in 1902. I assumed the office of Chancellor of the University in succession to my dear father; and I well remember how, only four years ago. King Edward came to lay the foundation-stone of the fine building which to-day stands forth on this hillside as the worthy realization of our joint hopes. No happier duty could fall to me than that of com pleting the enterprise at whose inception my beloved father presided in person, and over whose progress he watched with so much interest. These buildings will give proper scope for the work of the College. They will be worthy of that love of learning and culture for which the Welsh people are renowned. They will be a memorial of that public spirit which has prompted all classes to unite in contributing, according to their means, to the cost of the work. I am very pleased to declare the buildings open, and to promise you every encourage- 442 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE ment in the task of carrying to final com pletion a scheme which has already gained so large a measure of fruition. (c) This visit to your beautiful town will be treasured among our happy recollections. Aberystwyth is justly proud of being the seat of the oldest University College in Wales ; and it is now to be further distinguished as the home of the National Library. It merits these honours both by its happy situation as a gate way between North and South Wales, and by the important part it has played in the history. of Welsh education. (d) It is a source of great pleasure and satisfaction to us to come to Aberystwyth to lay the foundation-stone of the Library which is destined to be the treasure house of your national records and national literature. We shall always follow with interest the progress of the Library and of the University College of Wales, the oldest of the constituent colleges AFTER THE CORONATION 443 of the national University. We shall ever retain a very happy recollection of the hearty welcome which we have received in the Prin cipality; and you may be assured of our earnest wishes for its future welfare and pro sperity. (e) It gives us great pleasure to visit the beautiful county of Cardigan, which has been the scene of many great events in the history of Wales. I am confident that you will con tinue successfully to discharge the responsi bilities which attach to your office, and that you will maintain a loftyand Impartial standard of justice and humanity. (/) Wales has always been remarkable for the consistent energy and self-sacrifice with which its people make common cause for the furtherance of moral, intellectual, and aesthetic ideals. The movement for the creation of this National Library was fostered by the success ful establishment, through voluntary effort. 444 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE of the University College of Wales at Aberyst wyth, and both institutions are very striking monuments of national enterprise. The patri otic initiative of the leaders of the movement, the generous labours of the Welsh Library Committee, and the whole-hearted co-operation of rich and poor received a generous recogni tion in the Royal Charter granted to the University by my beloved father. The building of which I am to lay the first stone to-day will provide a worthy home for the books, manuscripts, pictures, and works of all kinds which are now housed in a tem porary building, or have been promised by generous benefactors. When these great col lections are gathered together under one stately roof, they will constitute a library which will achieve the aim of its originators, in that it will not only represent the language, literature, and art of Wales, but will reflect every phase of the national life and industries. I am con fident that the Governors and Council of the Library realize the greatness of their trust, and AFTER THE CORONATION 445 will be faithful custodians of the treasures committed to their keeping. (g) The College at Aberystwyth, the oldest of the constituent Colleges of the University, has, ever since its foundation, played a leading part in raising the standard of higher educa tion throughout the Principality. No object could be more worthy of the most strenuous effort in these days, when the demand for knowledge is growing among all classes of the population, and when the prosperity of the nation is increasingly dependent upon the training of the character and intellect which the highest education connotes; and future generations will have good cause to be grate ful to you for the energy and perseverance which you have brought to this great task. It has been particularly gratifying to me to have an opportunity of associating myself in so close a manner with the work of the University College by laying the foundation- stone of the great Library, which Is likely to 446 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE give a further impulse to the studies fostered by the College, and to exercise a powerful influence on Welsh literature and learning. It is the unremitting labour and liberality and the self-sacrifice of every class that have en abled the ideal of the National Library for Wales, cherished for so many years, to be at length successfully realized. The establish ment here of this store-house for the literary and historic archives of the nation will attract students from all parts of the Principality. Those researches will throw light on your past, and stimulate the national development in the future. AFTER THE CORONATION 447 SCOTLAND'S WELCOME ^ {a) Your assurances of the enduring loyalty and devotion of my subjects in Scotland, among whom you labour, strengthen me in the duties and responsibilities to which I have succeeded; and you may rest assured of my warm interest in the affairs of the Church of Scotland, and in the furtherance of all religious effort. The Queen and I are greatly touched by the fervent prayer which you offer for us and our Family. With God's help, I shall ever strive towards the fulfilment of the best and highest aspirations of my Scottish people. ' i8th July, 191 1. Replies to addresses of welcome on his Majesty's first visit to Edinburgh after his Corona tion by («) the Church of Scotland, (b) the City of Edin burgh, (c) the Scottish Universities, (d) the Convention of Burghs, representing a hundred municipalities, and, on igth July, (e) the Edinburgh University Union. 448 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE (b) We are delighted to pass a few days in your beautiful city; and it affords me great pleasure to hear renewed in this historic Palace of Holy rood House the assurances of your unabated loyalty and devotion to the Throne. Edinburgh holds an honoured place in my regard as the capital of the country In which, ever since my childhood, I have en joyed many happy experiences — a land endeared to me by affectionate memories and associa tions. I join with the Queen in thanking you for your good wishes and in expressing the heartfelt prayer that you may be blessed with all that tends to your prosperity and general well-being. (c) It is an especial pleasure to Queen Mary and to myself to receive, with the representa tives of the University of Edinburgh, those of the other Universities who attend here to day in the exercise for the first time of the privilege which I granted to them with great satisfaction. It is my earnest desire by every AFTER THE CORONATION 449 means in my power to foster the interests of those ancient and truly national foundations, on whose prosperity depends so largely the moral and intellectual culture of the youth, not only of Scotland, but of many distant parts of my Dominions. Among the seats of learning, the Universities of Scotland occupy a distinguished position, and I have every confidence that they will continue faithfully in the execution of the great and honourable trust committed to them. {d) I am very glad to have this opportunity of assuring you of my interest in all that con cerns the welfare of the Scottish Burghs, whose history has been so intimately connected with that of the Royal House of Scotland; and I offer my best wishes for the welfare of all classes of the community represented here to day. I am well aware of the public spirit and devotion to duty of those who conduct the affairs of the Municipalities of whom you are the chosen representatives; and on behalf of G G 450 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE Queen Mary and myself I tender to one and all of you our thanks for the kindly welcome on the occasion of our visit to Scotland. (e) We rejoice to hear of the world-wide membership of your Union as an evidence of the far-reaching influence and usefulness of the University of Edinburgh ; and we appre ciate the good offices of your society in pro moting good fellowship amongst students of such manifold origin, being assured that it will help those who have come from distant homes in my Dominions beyond the Seas, in my Indian Empire, and In foreign lands to look back to their Alma Mater with true filial affection. AFTER THE CORONATION 451 THE OLDEST REGIMENT ^ I learn from the records of your regiment that it enjoys the unique distinction of being the oldest regiment in the British Army, and that as early as 1625 your corps was playing a conspicuous part under the great Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden. The battle honours borne on your Colours testify to the many campaigns in various parts of the world in which the Royal Scots have been engaged. I am glad to hear of the splen did military spirit of the regiment as shown at the outset of the South African War, when every reservist returned to the Colours, It is of special interest to me that in 1684 my an cestor. King Charles II, conferred on you the ^ 2oth July, 1911. In presenting new Colours to the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment), at Edinburgh. 452 THE KING TO HIS PEOPLE title of the Royal Regiment of Foot, and that my great-grandfather, the Duke of Kent, was your Colonel from 1801 till his death in 1820, while my beloved grandmother. Queen Vic toria, thirty-five years ago presented Colours to your 1st Battalion. I, too, remember in specting a guard of honour from your battalion at Bombay when, as Prince of Wales, I landed In India for the first time. Though the Colours are no longer carried Into action, they still are to a regiment its most valued and sacred possession as emblems of its past achievements. While reminding all ranks to-day and In the future of their duty to God, their country, and their Sovereign, I feel confident that these new Colours which I now entrust to your care and keeping will ever stimulate and inspire the Royal Scots to up hold the great and honourable traditions which they have inherited. YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 03747 8741 WILLIAMS AND NORGATE HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS OF LITERATURE. A volume of Original Studies. By HUGH FARRIE. Large Crown 8vo, art linen, 5s. net, postage 4d. extra. " Much to interest and delight .... there is here something for almost everyone, and it is all good." — Yorkshire Post. ¦ ¦¦¦¦¦ MAD SHEPHERDS AND OTHER HUMAN STUDIES. By L. P. JACKS, editor of "The Hibbert Journal." 250 pp., crown 8vo, 4s. 6d. net. " It seems to contract after you have read it into an intense and powerful lyric, full of the spirit of poetry." — Times. *' Full of the sardonic grimness of human comedy. In this book is the Omar Khayyam of EngUsh rustic life, and there seems no element of fiction about this pregnant human document." — The Outlook. THE SEASONS, An Anthology in Prose and Verse. By HELEN and LEWIS MELVILLE. The volume is designed for the busy man with liter ary tastes, who has not time to wade through the works of many writers to find favourite passages for himself, but who is content to rely for his selections on the expert. Bound in art linen, 3s. 6d. net, post age 4d. extra. SCIENCE, MATTER AND IMMORTALITY. By RONALD CAMPBELL MACFIE, M.A., M.B., CM., author of "The Romance of Medicine," "Air and Health," etc. Crown 8vo, cloth 55. net, postage 4d. extra. 14 HENRIETTA ST., COVENtT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. [P.T.O. ¦.' 'r. 'Mm ,-i.Aa.n% ', ,.4 .K'.'-^r'-'-''.-. J