YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Purchased from the income of the bequest of WILLIAM ROBERTSON COE Honorary M.A. 1949, for material in the field of American Studies THE HISTORY OF Adams County,, ILLINOIS CONTAINING A HISTORY OF THE COUNTY-ITS CITIES, TOWNS, ETC. A BIOGRAFfflCAL DIRECTORT OF ITS CITIZENS, WAR RECORD OF ITS VOLUNTEERS IN THE LATE REBELLION; GENERAL AND LOCAL STATISTICS. PORTRAITS OF EARLY SETTLERS AND PROMINENT MEN. History of the Northwest, History of Illinois, Map of Adams County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, Etc., Etc. ILLUSTRATED. CHICAGO: MURRAY, WILLIAMSON & PHELPS, 85 Washington St. 1879. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S79, by MURRAY, WILLIAMSON & PHELPS, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington; D. C. Blakely, Bkown & Marsh, Manufactured by Printers, Donohue & Henneberry, ^ 155 and 157 Dearborn Street, Chicago. Chicago. ,S PREFACE. Oould Time's eternal scroll have been unrolled by some magic hand, and three score years of his close-mouthed secrets been portrayed in panoramic view to the astonished gaze of John Wood, as he stood upon the rugged crest of the bluff where the city of Quincy now is, and took a survey of the Great River, as it flowed on in silent, resistless grandeur, with bosom unruffled by paddle or oar ; or turning to greet the sunrise, scanned Nature's un dressed and ever varying landscape of undulating woodland and prairie, stretching far away until the green and blue blent in misty haze, how would his brave heart, like a caged bird, have fluttered to be free from its narrow house, that the disenthralled spirit might rise heavenward to mingle with the forest choristers his meed of praise to the God of Na ture and of Time. More than fifty-eight eventful years have been erased from the eternity of the future and written in the eternity of the past since that day, and still the grand old man lives to see the scroll of time unrolled. When Mr. Wood stood upon the site of Quincy, in February, 1819, and resolved that he would plant civilization on that spot, there was no mark of the white man's presence in the unbroken wilderness of what is now Adams' County. The woodman's despoiling ax had leveled no tree of the primitive forest, nor had the then rude implements of the husband man disturbed a wisp of the prairie virgin sward. The herds of sleek deer leisurely cropped the tender herbage of the thicket, or lay lazily ruminating in the shaded glen, without knowledge or fear of the argus-eyed huntsman ; the saucy wolves galloped in gangs about the prairies, in search of victims on which to glut their greed for blood, regardless of the near coming of their most deadly foe; while the wild Indian indolently floated about in his bark canoe fishing, or wandered over his " happy hunting grounds " in search of game, with no thought of being disposessed of his domain by the encroachments of the greedy pale face. But what change busy mind and hand hath wrought in little more than half a century ! In the year 1822, John Wood returned to put his former resolution into execution and planted the nucleus of the new order of things by erecting the first cabin, in December of that year. Willard Keyes built the second one, on the site of Quincy, while Justice I. Perigo and Daniel Lisle settled in other parts of the county about the same time. Thus began white man's history in Adams county, now one of the most populous and wealthy in the great " North West." It is to gather up and arrange in chronological order and historic form the important events that have transpired during this marked transition of the wild wilderness to the beautiful cultivated farms, the "Red man's" wigwam to the palatial home, and the teeming towns and cities, with their fine business blocks, their splendid school houses, colleges and church edifices, and from the diminutive Indian pony to the iron horse and the harnessed lightning, as vehicles of burden and thought, that we, with our corps of helpers have many months been engaged. This volume is the result of these months of diligent labor and earnest research. The value of a history depends upon its accuracy. Truth must ever be the motto ot the historian, else his book is but a prosy, pointless fable. It has been the purpose and ef fort of the publishers of this work to compile a reliable and valuable reference book for the posterity of those heroic fathers and mothers who battled with nature and won. Many were their labors, hardships and privations during those years of pioneer life, but grand have been the results. To gather up the fragmentary facts of nearly sixty years, many of them hitherto unwritten, and only treasured in the minds of those early settlers who were the actors in, or observers of, what transpired, the details and important connections of which have slipped through the meshes of memory — and rivet them into a faultless chain of history, is beyond mortal ken. But neither time nor effort has been spared to procure the " missing links " and bridge the chasms, so as to present to our readers as complete a record as possible. How well we have succeeded in the object sought they must judge ; but we trust not rashly, for in seeking for information to establish points of historical in terest, while generally we and our assistants received the kindest of treatment and raidy responses to such inquiries, there are other instances where every attempt was baffled, either by the- inexcusable delay in furnishing promised matter, or willful indifference of the persons appealed to. Then, too, there are frequently differences of opinion as regards PREFACE. IV the dates, names, etc., in which cases some one will declare the record of them m this worki at fault ; but in every instance the most reliable data were obtained and published. As far as the history is founded upon recorded facts, it can be safely said to be trustworthy for it was written with great care with reference to dates and proper names. , The war record was compiled from the Adjutant General's, and other published re ports, and carefully re-read and compared, and will be found very correct. ..-,,. The history of the county seat contest, which is quite full, was also obtained from published facts and records, and from living witnesses, and prepared with special pre caution. Quite a large portion of the history of the early settlement of the county was procured;: through ex-Governor John Wood, and from the records of the "Old Settlers' Association," and from General John Tillson's carefully kept memorabilia of dates and occurrences, as he has gathered them from the most authentic sources, and from his own acute observations and wonderful memory. Whatever of merit this volume possesses as a work of' history, is very largely due to the material furnished and other invaluable aid, so cheerfully rendered in many ways, to the publishers and their agents, by the persons whose names we here mention in grateful acknowledgement : Ex-Gov. John Wood, Gen. John Tillson, Willis Haselwood, County Clerk, and his ef ficient deputy, Mr. Head; Gen. James W. Singleton, Hon. O. H. Browning, Gen. J. D. Morgan, Anton Binkert, County Treasurer ; George Brophy, Circuit Clerk ; Col. Edward Prince, Cadogan & Gardner, of the Quincy Herald; D. Wilcox & Sons, Quincy Whig; Addison L. Langdon, Quincy Commercial Review; Quincy Daily News; G. L. Hoffmann, Editor of the Germania ; W. D. Perry, Proprietor of the County News ; Geo. W. Cyrus, Proprietor of Camp Point Journal, ; Orestes Ames, Esq. ; Albert Beebe, Esq. ; Dr. Joseph Bobbins, Dr. M. F. Bassett, Lorenzo Bull, Esq. ; Wm. McFaden, Esq, ; Chas. W. Keyes, Ben. H. Miller, John Wessels, Michael Farrell, John Williams, E. K. Stone, Gen. E. B. Hamilton, A. W. Blakesley, John J. Metzger, John M. Grimes, Hon. J. N. Carter, Mayor W. T. Rogers, Mrs. Sarah Denman, Mrs. Chas. H. Morton, Mrs. Jacob Dick, Col. K. K. Jones, Joseph H. Stewart, John M. Sterne, John T. Turner, Col. S. B. Chittenden, S. H. Bradley, Adam E. Horn, Thomas Bailey, Richard Seaton, E. B. Curtis, Prof. S. F. Hall, Hon. Maurice Kelly, Dr. T. G. Black, James Campbell, Charles Ballow, Wm. Montgomery, S. M. Irwin, Solomon Wigle, Edw'd F. Humphrey, Perry Alexander, Rev. Wm. Stewart, Henry Summers, J. O Bernard, Woodford Lawrence, W. A. Mitchell, Rev. H. C. Adams, H. E. Wharton, R. F. Edmunds, W. C. Taylor, Osker Wagy, Rev. G. W. Huntley, Philo E. Thompson, Joel K. Scarborough, Brackett Pottle, Geo. H. Walker, J. B. Fraizer, Alex M. Smith, D. Whitlock, Hon. Ira Tyler, Philip Fahs, C. J. Tenhaeff, J. J. Graham. Charles M. Gammer, James Sykes, M. D., James Richardson, Sr., Hon. W. T. Yeargain, Michael Ste vens, Christopher Seals, Paris T. Judy, Geo. Phirman, Henry Renken, A. C. Robertson, Wm. Sykes, Geo. Hughes, E. W. Lierly, Geo. Cutforth, Laris Pulman, Irwin Anderson, W. D. Dodd, J. W. Steffen. To the above persons, to the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Adams county, to the members of the Newspaper Press of the county generally, to the Pastors and Officers of the various churches, and to the many citizens throughout the county who have so courteosly assisted us in this arduous labor, we tender our most sincere thanks. And now we write the word Finis. Our work conscientiously performed, is complete. The result we hand you, believing that when you have carefully examined it, you will find it comparatively free from errors, and to contain much that you will be proud to transmit to posterity; and we hope and trust you can truthfully award us the verdict, "well done." To our numerous subscribers and their families, this volume is respectfully dedicated by the publishers, Moebay, Williamson & Phelps. July, 1879. , INDEX. HISTORICAL The Northwest Territory : Early French Explorations in the Mississippi Yalley , 1 Early Settlements in the Northwest 14 The Northwestern Territory 22 The Louisiana Purchase 28 Indian Wars in the Northwest 34 Sketches of Black Hawk and Other Chiefs. . . 42 Early Navigation of Western Rivers 56 Archeology of the NorthweBt 59 . Sketches of the Western and Northwestern States 67 Expedition of Lewis and Clark 86 Sketch of Chicago j 96 History of Illinois: Former Occupants 17 .Indians 21 Early Discoveries 31 . French Occupation 44 English Rule 47 County of Illinois 55 Northwestern Territory 55 Ordinance of 1787 56 Illinois Territory 59 Warofl812. The Outbreak :. 59 Hlinois as a Stale 74 Indian Troubles 83 Black HawkWar 84 From 18S4 to 1842 95 Prairie Pirates 102 Morman War - 104 Mexican War 118 Dress and Manners 149 Physical Features of Illinois 154 Agriculture 155 , Governors of Illinois 157 United States Senators 162 Representatives in Congress 165 Chicago/ : 170 States it the Union 177 Digest of State Laws 187-238 History of Adams County 239 Chapter I. Boundaries— Geological —Carboniferous— St. Louis Sand Stone — Kinderhook Group— Economical Geology — Bituminous Coal — Limestone for Lime — Clay and Sand for Brick— Soil and Timber 239 Chaptek II. French Missionaries— Discovery of the Mississippi- History Prior to State Organization— First White Settlement of the County— Organization of the County— Origin of Names of County and County Seat— First Election— Court Seals — Entry of County Seat Land— Quincy Platted— First Sale of Town Lots— First Marriage 257 Chapter III. First Court House— County Commissioners' Court— Town Rates— Rules of County Commis sioner's Court— Lead Mine Excitement— Suck ers— School and Temperance— First Stock of Goods-pFirst Ferry Rates— Maine Street Opened* in Quincy— Fiscal — First County Jail— First Preaching— Brick Made— Deep Snow 266 Chaptek IV First Flouring Mill— Land Office Investigation— Tavern Rates Established— Weather in 1832 — Black Hawk War— Anecdotes— Causes of Slow Growth— Cholera— Population— Prices of Pro duce — Wild-cat Schemes — Agricultural — Mails— Prices in Quincy— The Jail — Election Precincts — Incorporation — County Seat Con test—Columbus—Highland County 272 Chapter V. The Mormons— The Quincy Riflemen— The Mexican War : .296 Chapter VI. The California Excitement— The Asiatic Cholera. Etc 307 Chapter VII. Township Organization— Origin — Report of Com missioners—Division of County into Town ships— First Meeting of Board— Names of Mem bers—Election Precincts— Aid to Soldiers' Fam ilies—Difficulties in Paying Taxes — Bounty Act— County Line 312 Chapter VIII. Burning of the Court House— County Seat Elec tion—The New Court House — Proceedings of the Board of Supervisors in Relation to the Building— Description of the Building as Com pleted—Occupancy 322 Chapter IX. The* Civil War— Cairo Expedition— Col. B. M. Pren tiss takes Command — Ten Regiments of Infantry and Cavalry — Cavalry — Independent Regiments —New Call — General Call — Recruiting again Stopped — Recruiting for Old Regiments — Ex citement in May — Last Calls — Appointments and Promotions 330 .351 Chapter X. Adams County — War Record Chapter XI. Early Settlements — By Whom and How Made— Firs^ Settlers— Old Settlers' Society— List of Mem. bers — Early Experiences — First Ferry — Eirly Customs — Lost Children— First Mill— Their Life and Work , .' .395 Chapter XII. Bench and Bar— Judges of Circuit Court — Primi tive Practice — Early Members— Legal Contests —Bar Association 407 Chapter XIII. Miscellaneous Mention — County Officials— Precinct Elections, 1835— First Courts-First Probate Mat ters—High Water— Agricultural Society 420 Chapter XIV. The Press Chapter XV. Horticultural— Medical Society 435 Chapter XVI. HISTORT 0» QUINCY. Historical— City Officers— Commercial and Manufac turing—Ice Harvest— Churches— Water Works VI INDEX. HISTORICAL.— CONTINUED. —Fire Department— Schools— Academy of Mu sic—Opera House— Railroad Bridge— Military- Societies — Railroads — Building Association— Gas Company— Cemeteries *53 Chapter XVII. TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. Beverly — Benton— Camp Point— Clayton— Concord —Columbus— Ellington — Fall Creek— Gilmer- Houston— Honey Creek— Keene— Lima— Liberty « — Mendon— Melrose — McKee— Northeast— Pay- son— Richfield— Ursa 5°3 Concluding Chapter- Mounds and Mound-Builders— Swamp and OverSj flowed Lands— The Soldiers' Monument— The| County Poor— Temperance— Educational— Pubjj lie Buildines— Benevolent Societies— Firemens^ Benevolent Association— Quincy Free Reading Room-Quincy Library— Toe Young Mens' Chris tian Association — Chadtable Aid and HoBpi=] tal Association— Quincy Work House— Hotels— " Manufactories— The Wholesale Trade of Quincy —Quincy Horse Railway and Carrying Com pany—United Presbyterian Church, of Clayton— ,- Christian Church, Pleasant View — Christian Church, Ursa 933 IIXUSTRATIONS-NORTHWEST HISTORY. Westward, the Star of Empire takes its way 17 An Indian Camp « 33 Indians trying a Prisoner 49 A,Pioneer Winter 65 Lincoln Monument, Springfield 72 Chicago in 1820 97 Present site of Lake Street Bridge, Chicago, 1833. 97 Old Fort Dearborn, 1830 103 The Old Kinzie House 103 IIXUSTRATIONS- STATE HISTORY, ETC. Illinois State Capitol 17 Starved Rock on Illinois River near Peru 25 Iroquois Chief 37 Gen. George Rogers Clark 49 Gen. Arthur St. Clair 59 • Pontiac, The Ottawa Chief 69 Black Hawk, The Sac Chief 85 Insane Hospital, Jacksonville 99 Illinois Industrial University 99 Illinois Institute lor Deaf and Dumb Ill Illinois Charitable Bye and Ear Infirmary 115 Sonthern Illinois Normal University, Carbon- dale 121 Illinois Asylum for Feeble Minded Children 143 Scene on Fox River 151 Passenger Depot L. S. &. M. S., and C. R. I. & P. R. R. Companies, Chicago 167 Sectional View of LaSalle Street Tunnel 170 Inter-State Industrial Exposition 173 Lake Crib Chicago Water Works 177 Adams County Court House 238 Franklin School, Quincy 478 The Jefferson School, Quincy 4S2 Maplewood High School, Camp Point 514 Chart deck College, Quincy .940 St. Francis Solanus College, Quincy 942 PORTRAITS. PAGE. Abel Christian 540 Artus Joseph 460 Bailey Thomas 752 Baker Aaron 888 Baker George 552 Bassett M . F 596 Batschy C 760 JBeebe Silas 398 Behrensmeyer C.F. A 374 Binkert A 310 Black T. G 734 Booth Stephen 800 Bowles A. E 286 Bowles Holmarj 366 Bradley Daniel 786 Bradley S . H 794 Bredeweg John G. H 718 Browning Hon. O. H 406 Brophy George 318 Buttz A. H. D 402 Byrd Wm. A., M. D 608 Cadogan John P 433 Campbell James 278 Castle T. H 264 Chapman E.- W 286 Chase Charles 886 Chittenden John B 788 Chittenden S. R 790 Church Samuel P 270 Calvin D. P 810 Cooley Hon. H. S 160 Cranshaw Theophilus 846 Crippen Samuel L , 382 Curtis C. R. S 612 Cntf orth George 366 Cyrus George W 512 DaughertyM 810 Davis Levi 854 Fairchild M. Augusta 622 Frazer James 286 page. Gardner Henry J 432 GayV. P 760 GeiselHenry 590 HallS.F 294 HardyJ.P 534 Hasel wood Willis 302 Hulse Wm 724 Ingraham Thos 760 Jarrett James 456 Jones K. K 390 Judy Paris T 366 Kelley Hon. Maurice 880 Kendall Lewis 724 Keyes Willard 258 KingE. M 902 Kinney Benj amin 502 Langdon Addison L 430- Larimore Albert W 552 Larimore J. W 552 Lawrence Woodford 552 Lewis Eber 728 Likes A. H ¦. 888 Likes Wm 888 Logue J . C 518 Lowery Thos 760 Mclntyre Robert 540 Moecker H 664 Montgomery Wm 748 Moore F. C 486 Moore John, M. D 494 Morgan Gen. Jas. D 352 Morris George 3H6 Morrison Hugh C 888 Morton CM 510 NicholsJames 810 Norwood J. E 670 Ording Henry 326 PfanschmidtH. C 724 PfeifferF 590 Powell John 526 INDEX. Vll PORTRAITS— CONTINUED. PAGE. Powell Wm . C j, 526 BalstonJ. N (P. 680 RankinRobert 910 Redmond Thos 472 Richardson Gen. James 502 Robertson John B 502 Roeschlaub M. J 448 Rogers W. T 452 Ruddell J.M 800 -Satage Chas. A 728 Seals C 534 Seals Joseph 534 'SegerS.E 466 Sheer David 540 Singleton Gen. Jas. W 498 Steiner Michael 534 Sterne John W 626 PAGE. StewartJ.H 434 Summers Henry 540 Summers Richard 526 Sykes JaS&es Sen 820 Tenhoeff C. J 874 TenhoeffW ....- 800 Terrill Geo. F 508 Thompson W. H 566 Tillaou Gen . John 330 Van Der Wall Peter 502 Wagner Jacob 590 Walker Geo. H 810 Wible Daniel 800 Wilcox Daniel 428 Williams Archibald 414 Wiskiarchen Heinrich 590 Wood Ex-Gov. John Frontispiece BIOGRAPHICAL TOWNSHIP DIRECTORY. PAGE. City of Quincy 591-716 Ellington 734 Clayton 753 Camp Point 772 Melrose 787 Mendon 800 Ursa 811 Beverly 821 Payson 841 McKee , 847 Lima /tsv. 856 PAGE. Keene 863 Northeast 876 Liberty 883 Richfield 891 Honey Creek 901 Gilmer 907 Fall Creek 914, Burton 920 Columbus 921 Houston 928 Miscellaneous -. 931 MISCELLANEOUS. PAGE. Map of Adams County Front. Official Vote of Adams County 450-451 Tabular statement 452 8th Regiment Illinois National Guards 561 Constitution of United States 567 Electors of President and Vice-President, 1876.. 579 Fractical Rules for Every Day Use 579 U. S. Government Land Measure 582 Surveyors' Measure - 583 How to Keep Accounts 583 PAGE. Interest Table '. 584 Miscellaneous Table -. -. 584 Population of the United States 585 Population of Fifty Principal Cities. . 8,. 585 Population of Illinois 586-587 Agricultural Productions of Illinois by Coun ties 1870,. „ 588-589 Population and Area of th~ United States 590 Population and Area of the Principal Conn- tries of the world 590 8.&IV! COUNTY W-V WFTMWm B.S.rf. The Northwest Territory. EAKLY FRENCH EXPLORATIONS IN THE. MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. De Soto — Lo Caron — Samuel de Champlain — French Adventurers — James Marquette — Louis Joliet — Embarkation to Explore New Countries — Lake Michigan and" Green Bay — The "Ouisconsin" — Indian Accounts of the Country — Discovering' the Great River — Indian Name of the River — Joy of the Explorers — Interview with Indians on Iowa Soil — Feast — Speech of an Indian Chief— The Des Moines River — "Muddy Water" — The Arkansas — Return — Indian Nations — Marquette's Record — His Subsequent Voyage — La Vantum — Marquette's Death — Removal of His Remains — Joliet's Subsequent Explorations — Robert La Salle — Louis Hennepin — Chevalier de Tonti — De La Motte — Fort Crevecreur — Henne pin's Voyage — Fails of St. Anthony — Seur de Luth — Hennepin's Claims as an Explorer — Colonization of Louisiana — Dissensions — Murder of La Salle. The three great colonizing powers of the Old World first to raise the standard of civilization within the limits of North America were France, England, and Spain. The French made their earliest settlements in the cold and inhospitable regions of Quebec; the English at Jamestown, Vir ginia, and at Plymouth, Massachusetts; and the Spaniards on the barren sands of Florida. To the French belongs the honor of discovering and colo nizing that portion of our country known as the Valley of the Mississippi, including all that magnificent region watered by the tributaries of the Great River. It is true that more than one hundred years earlier (1538-41) the Spanish explorer, De Soto, had landed on the coast of Florida, penetrated the everglades and unbroken forests of the south, finally reaching the banks of the Great River, probably near where the city of Memphis now stands. Crossing the river, he and his companions pursued their journey for some distance along the west bank, thence to the Ozark Mountains and the Hot Springs of Arkansas, and returning to the place of his death on the banks of the Mississippi. It was a perilous expedition indeed, characterized by all the splendor, romance and valor which usually attended Spanish adventurers of that age. De Soto and his companions were the first Europeans to behold the waters of the Mississippi, but the expedition was a failure so far as related to colonization. The requiem chanted by his companions as his remains were committed to the waters of the great river he had discovered, died away with the solemn murmurs of the stream, and the white man's voice was not heard again in the valley for more than a hundred years. De Soto had landed at Tampa Bay, on the coast of Florida, with a fleet of nine ves sels and seven hundred men. More than half of them died, and the remainder made their way to Cuba, and finally back to Spain. Four years before the pilgrims "moored their bark on the wild New Eng land shore," a French Franciscan, named Le Oaron, penetrated the region of 1 8 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. the great lakes of the north, then the home of the Iroquois and the Hurons, but a French settlement had been established at Quebec by Samuel de Champlain in 1608. This was followed- by the establishment of various colonies in Canada, and the hardy French adventurers penetrated the coun try by the way of the St. Lawrence and the lakes. In 1625 a number of missionaries of the Society of Jesus arrived in Canada from France, and during the succeeding forty years extended their missions all along the shores of Lake Superior. In 1637 a child was born at the little city of Laon, in France, whose destiny it was in the fullness of time to be instrumental in the hands of Providence in giving to the world a definite knowledge of the grandest and most fertile region ever opened up to civilization. That child was Jamesi Marquette, the descendant of a family. of Celtic nobles. He entered the Society of Jesus when seventeen years of age, and soon conceived a desire to engage in the labors of a missionary among the Indians. He sailed for Quebec in 1666, and two years later founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary. The winter of 1669-70 he spent at Point St Ignatius, where he established another mission. Here the old town of Michillimackinac, afterward called Mackinaw, was founded. It was from Indians of the different tribes who came to this mission that he received some vague intimations of the great river — the father of all the rivers. He at once conceived a desire to penetrate to the banks of the wonderful river, and carry his missionary work to the tribes which he had learned inhabited its borders. He applied to his Superior, Claude Dablon, for permission to "seek new nations toward the Southern sea." The authorities at Quebec were equally desirous of having new regions explored, and therefore appointed Louis Joliet to embark upon a voyage of discovery. Joliet was a native of Quebec and had been educated in a Jesuit College. He had at the age of eighteen taken minor orders, but had abandoned all thoughts of the priest hood and engaged in the fur trade. He was now twenty-saven years of age, with a mind ripe for adventure. He left Quebec, and arriving at Mackinaw, found Father Marquette highly delighted with the information that they were to be companions in a voyage which was to extend the domain of the King of France, as well as to carry the Gospel to new nations of people. The explorers, accompanied by five assistants, who were French Canadians, started* on their journey, May 13, 1673. Marquette has himself recorded in the fol lowing simple language their feelings on this occasion: "We were embark ing on a voyage the character of which we could not foresee. Indian corn, with some dried meat, was our whole stock of provisions. With this we set out in two bark canoes, M. Joliet, myself and five men, firmly resolved to do all and suffer all for so glorious an enterprise." They coasted along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, entered Green Bay, and passed up the Fox river, carrying their canoes across the Portage to the "Ouisconsin "now called Wisconsin At Lake Winnebago, before crossing the Portage, they stopped at an Indian village, which was the furthest outpost to which Dab lon and Allouez had extended their missionary work. Here they assembled the chiefs and old men of the village and told them of the objects of the voyage. Pointing to Joliet, Father Marquette said : " My friend is an envoy of France to discover new countries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths of the Gospel." The Indians furnished two guides to conduct them to the Wisconsin river. It is related that a tribe of Indians endeavored to dissuade them from pursuing their perilous journey THE 1TOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 9 by telling of desperate and savage tribes that they would meet; that the forests and the rivers were infested with frightful monsters ; that there were great fish in the rivers that would swallow up men and canoes together, and of a demon who could be heard from a great distance, and who destroyed all who approached. Unmoved by these frightful stories, Marquette, Joliet, and their five brave assistants, launched their little canoes on the waters of the Wisconsin, and moved slowly down the current. After a lapse of seven days, June 17th, 1673, they reached the mouth of the Wisconsin and glided into the current of the Mississippi, a few miles below the place now known as Prairie du Chien. Here, and on this day, the eye of the white man for the first time looked upon the waters of the Upper Mississippi. Marquette called the river " The Broad River of the Conception." Thelndian name is derived from the Algonquin language, one of the original tongues of the continent. It is a compound of the words Missi, signifying great, and Sepe, a river. The explorers felt the most intense joy on beholding the scene presented to their enraptured vision. Here was the great river whose waters somewhere thousands of miles away flowed into a Southern sea, and whose broad valley was the fairest and richest in the world, but unknown to civilized man, save as an almost forgotten dream or a vague romance. They had solved one of the great mysteries of the age in which they lived. As they glided down the, stream the bold bluffs reminded Marquette of the "castled shores of his own beautiful rivers in France." The far stretching prairies alternating with forests, on either side, were adorned in all the wild glories of June. Birds sang the same notes that they had sung for ages amid those " forests prime val," while herds of buffalo, deer and elk were alarmed and fled to the dense retreats of the forest or the broad prairies beyond. Not until the 25th June did they discover any signs of human habitation. Then, about sixty leagues, as they thought, below the mouth of the Wisconsin, at a place where they landed on the west bank of the river, they found in the sand the foot-prints of man. Marquette and Joliet left their five companions in charge of the canoes and journeyed away from the river, knowing that they must be near the habitation of men. They followed a trail leading across a prairie clothed in the wild luxuriance of summer for a distance of about six miles, when they beheld another river and on its banks an Indian village, with other vil lages on higher land a mile and a half from the first. The Indians greeted the two white strangers, as far as their ability permitted, with a splendid ovation. They appointed four of their old men to meet the strangers in council. Marquette could speak their language. They informed him that they were "Illini" (meaning "we are men"), and presenting the calumet of peace, invited them to share the hospitalities of their village. Marquette told them of the object of their visit, and that they had been sent by the French, who were their friends. He told them of the great God that the white man worshiped who was the same Great Spirit that they adored. In answer, one of the chiefs addressed them as follows: " I thank the Black Gown Chief (Marquette) and the Frenchman (Joliet) for taking so much pains to come and visit us; never has the earth been so beautiful, nor the sun so bright as now; never has the river been so calm, nor so free from rocks, whish your canoes have removed as they passed; never has our tobacco had so fine a flavor, nor our corn appeared so beautiful as we behold it to-day. Ask the Great Spirit to give us life and health, and come •ye and dwell with us." After these ceremonies the strangers were invited to a feast, an account of 10 THE N0ETHWE8T TEEEITOEY. which is given by Marquette. It consisted of four courses. First, there was a large wooden bowel filled with tagamity, or Indian meal, boiled in water and seasoned with oil. The master of ceremonies, with a wooden spoon, fed the tagamity to their guests as children are fed. The second course con sisted of fish, which, after the bones were taken out, was presented to the mouths of the strangers as food may be fed to a bird. The third course was a preparation of dog meat, but learning that the strangers did not eat that it was at once removed. The fourth and final course was a piece of buffalo meat, the fattest portions of which were put into the mouths of the guests. The stream on whose banks took place this first interview between the explorers and the untutored Indians, after parting with their guides, was the Des Moines river, and the place of their landing was probably about where the town of Montrose is now located, in Lee county, Iowa. One of our sweetest American poets has rendered Marquette's narrative in verse, as follows: " Came a people From the distant land of Wabun; From the farthest realms of morning Came the Black Robe Chief, the Prophet, He the Priest of Prayer, the Pale-face, With his guides and his companions. And the noble Hiawatha, With his hand aloft extended, Held aloft in sign of welcome, Cried aloud and spoke in this wise: ' Beautiful is the sun, 0 strangers, When you come so far to see us; All our town in peace awaits you; All our doors stand open for you; You shall enter all our wigwams; For the heart's right hand we give you. Never bloomed the earth so gayly, Never shone the sun so brightly, As to-day they shine and blossom When you came so far to see us.' And the Black Robe Chief made answer, Stammered in his speech a little, Speaking words yet unfamiliar: ' Peace be with you, Hiawatha, Peace be with you and your people, Peace of prayer, and peace of pardon, Peace of Christ, and joy of Mary ! ' Then the generous Hiawatha, Led the strangers to ,his wigwam, Seated them on skins of bison, Seated them on skins of ermine, Brought them food in bowls of bass-wood, Water brought in birchen dippers, And the calumet, the peace-pipe, Filled and lighted for their smoking. All the warriors of the nation, Came to bid the strangers welcome- ' ™ls wel1'' they said- '° Mother, That you came so far to see us.'" Marquette and Joliet remained at the Indian villages six days, and were then accompanied to their canoes by an escort of six hundred Indians In vitations were extended to the strangers to renew their visit, after which the explorers embarked m their boats and floated on down the stream, passing the sites of future great cities of the valley, and passing the mouths of thl, Missouri and Ohio rivers, and as far rlr,wn QC, +i,„ ™„„ru _j? ^i » -, THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 11 Marquette named the Missouri river Pekitcmoui, or " Muddy Water," on account of the now well-known character of that stream. After extending their voyage to the mouth of the Arkansas, where they found a village of the Arkansas tribe, they ascended the Mississippi to the mouth of the Illinois. They ascended the latter river to its source. Along this stream they found many villages of the Illinois, or Illmi, a large and powerful tribe, who were subdivided into five smaller tribes — the Tamaroas, Michigamies, Kahokias, Kaskaskias, and Peorias. The country between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers was inhabited by the three last named tribes. The Michigamies resided in the country bordering on Lake Michigan, and the Tamaroas occupied the territory now included in the counties of Jersey, Madison and St. Clair, Illinois. Kaskaskia/ — also designated by the early explorers as " La Vantum " and " Great Illinois Town " — was the largest of the villages, containing, according to Marquette, seventy-five lodges. With out the loss of a man, or any serious accident, the party reached Green Bay in September, and reported their discoveries. Marquette made a faithful record of what they had seen and the incidents of the voyage. That record has been preserved. The report of Joliet was unfortunately lost by the upsetting of his canoe while on the way to Quebec. At the request of the Illinois Indians, Marquette soon returned and es tablished the mission of the Immaculate Conception at La Vantum. In the spring of 1675, on account of failing health, he started to return to Green Bay. While passing along the shore of Lake Michigan, conscious that he was nearing the end of his earthly labors, he observed an elevated place near the mouth of a small river. He told his companions that the Jilace was suitable for his burial, and requested them to land. On that onely and desolate coast, May 18, 1675, at the age of thirty-eight, James Marquette ended his last earthly voyage, and received burial at the hands of his devoted companions. Two years later some Indians of the mission at Kaskaskia disinterred his remains, and conveyed them in a box made of birch bark, with a convoy of over twenty canoes, to Mackinaw, where they were reinterred at the mission church. The post was abandoned in 1706, and the church burned. The place of burial was finally lost, and remained lost for two hundred years. In May, 1876, the foundations of the old Jesuit Mission were accidentally discovered on the farm of one David Murray, with a number of church relics, the mouldering remains of the great missionary and explorer, and a cross with his name inscribed upon it. Joliet, after his return to Quebec, became again a trader with the Indians. His services were rewarded by the French government by the gift of the island of Anticosta, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Little after this is known of him. He died about 1730. The reports given of the discoveries of Marquette and Joliet, served to encourage other adventurers to engage in the effort to extend their explora tions. Robert La Salle, a French navigator, who was born at Rouen about the year 1635, had long cherished a project of seeking a route to China by way of the Great Lakes. Before the return of Marquette and Joliet, he had explored Lake Ontario and visited the different Indian tribes. In 1675 he went to France and obtained from the government a grant to a large tract of land about Fort Frontenac, the exclusive right of traffic with the Five Nations, and also a patent of nobility. He laid before his government his desire to explore the Mississippi to its mouth, and take possession of all the regions he might visit in the name of the King of France. His plans were 12 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. warmly approved, and he was provided with the means for carrying the into execution. In July, 1678, he returned to Fort Frontenac, soon aft established a trading house at Niagara, and visited the neighboring Indii tribes for the purpose of collecting furs. He engaged the services of thir mechanics and mariners and built the first ship lor the navigation of ti lakes. It was called the Griffin, and was a bark of sixty tons. Havii been joined by Louis Hennepin and Chevalier de Tonti, the latter an Indii veteran, on the 7th of August, 1679, they launched the Griffin on Niaga river, and embarked for the valley of the Mississippi. They crossed La] Erie and Lake St. Clair, reaching Green Bay, September 2d. For the pu pose of relieving himself of some pressing financial obligations at Montre; La Salle here engaged for a time in collecting furs with which he loaded ti Griffin, and sent it in the care of a pilot and fourteen sailors on its retuj trip, with orders to return immediately; but the vessel was never heard ( afterward. He waited until all hope had vanished, and then, with Fath Hennepin, Chevalier de Tonti, the Sieur de la Motte, and about thirty fc lowers, began again the voyage. They ascended the St. Joseph in canoes the portage, and carried their barks to the Kankakee, a distance of six mile descended the Kankakee and the Illinois until they reached an Indian vi lage on the latter stream, at the expansion of the same, known as Lai Peoria. The village was situated on the west bank of the lake, and mu have been passed by Marquette and Joliet on their voyage up the river : 1673, although no mention is made of it by them. La Salle, Hennepin, Ton and their followers landed at Lake Peoria, January 3d, 1680. The Indiai received them hospitably, and they remained with them for several day Here a spirit of discontent began to manifest itself among the followers La Salle, and fearing trouble between his men and the Indians, they crosse the river and moved down about three miles, where they erected a foi which La Salle named Fort Crevecoev/r (heart-break) a name expressive ( La Salle's sorrow at the loss of his fortune by the disaster to the Griffin, ar also his feelings in the fear of mutiny among his men. The party remain* here until, in February, when Tonti was placed in command of the post, ai Hennipin charged with a voyage of discovery to the sources of the Missi sippi. La Salle returned on foot with three companions to Fort Fronteni for supplies. On his arrival he learned of the certainty of the loss of ti Griffin, and also of the wreck of another vessel which had been sent wii resources for him from France. Father Hennepin, with two companions, Picard du Gay and Michel At on the 29th of February, 1680, embarked from Tort Crevecoeur in a cam down the Illinois to its mouth, which they reached in a few days. Th< -then turned up the Mississippi, reaching the mouth of the Wisconsin, Api 11th. Above this point no European had ever ascended. They continu* the voyage, reaching the Falls of St. Anthony, April 30, 1680. Hennep: so named the falls in honor of his patron Saint. When they arrived at ti mouth of St. Francis river, in what is now the State of Minnesota, th< traveled along its banks a distance of 180 miles, visiting the Sioux Indiarj who inhabited that region. The river, Hennepin so named in honor < the founder of his order. In his account of this voyage, Hennepin claims th they were held in captivity by the Indians for about three months, althouj THE N0ETHWE8T TEEEITOEY. 13 Indians allowed Hennepin and his companions to return with the traders. They descended the Mississippi to the mouth of the Wisconsin, passing up that stream and down the Fox river, and so on through Green Bay to Lake Michigan. Hennepin went to Quebec, and thence to France, where, in 1683, he published an account of his explorations and a description of the region of the Upper Mississippi. In 1697 (two years after La Salle's death) he published an enlarged work, in which he claimed that he had descended the Mississippi to its mouth. His faithful description of the valley for a time gave him credit for veracity, but the impossibility of reconciling his dates, and other circumstances, are by the best authorities regarded %s stamping his claim false. Before the time this work was published, as we shall see, La Salle had descended the Mississippi to its mouth. Henijepin explained his long silence as to his exploration to the mouth of the Mississippi, by claiming that he had feared the enmity of La Salle, who had ordered him to follow a different course, and had also prided himself upon his own claims as being the first European to descend the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mex ico. Father Hennepin died in Holland, about the year 1699. We now return to the further adventures of the brave and intrepid La Salle. He returned to Fort Crevecoeur in the latter part of the year 1680, to find that Tonti had been abandoned by his men, and obliged to take refuge among the Pottawattamies. He spent another year in collecting his scattered followers, finally succeeded, and on the 6th of February, 1682, he had reached the mouth of the Illinois. As they passed down the Mississippi La Salle noted the different streams tributary thereto. They erected a fort near the mouth of the Ohio, and a cabin at the first Chickasaw bluff. On the 9th of April they entered the Gulf of Mexico. They reascended the river a short distance, founded the Fort of St. Louis, took possession of the whole valley in the name of France, and called it by the name of Louisiana, in honor of the king. La Salle, having accomplished much for the glory of France, now retraced his steps northward. After spending one year about the great lakes, actively engaged in laying the foundations of French settlements in the new regions he had discovered, in November, 1683, he reached Quebec, and soon after embarked for France. The government, with marks of great esteem, be stowed upon him a commission placing under his authority all the French and natives of the country, from Fort St. Louis to New Biscay. An expe dition, with four vessels and 280 persons, was fitted out for the colonization of Lousiana; it sailed August 1, 1684. Associated with La Salle, in this expedition, was Beaujeu, as naval commander. The mouth of the Missis sippi was the objective point, but by mistake the fleet passed on northward. When the error was discovered La Salle desired to return, but Beaujeu per sisted in advancing. Dissensions arose,' and La Salle, with 230 colonists, disembarked. This was in February, 1685. A fortified post, which was called Fort St. Louis, was established, and attempts made at agriculture, but without success. Attempts were made to reach the Mississippi, which they thought near, but failed. La Salle and his followers traversed the wilderness toward New Mexico, and in January, 1687, by sickness and disaster, his party was reduced to thirty-seven. Some of these, following Beaujeu's ex ample, revolted. La Salle, with sixteen men, then determined to reach the country of the Illinois. Two men, who had embarked their capital in the enterprise, were bitter in malignity toward the leader of this unsuccessful expedition. Their feelings found some gratification in the murder of a 14 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. nephew of La Salle. The latter sought to investigate as to the death of his „ relative, but only shared his fate, as one of them fired upon him from ambush,! and the heroic La Salle fell, the victim of quarrels and dissensions among his own followers. This event happened after he had passed the basin of the Colorado and reached a branch of Trinity river, in Texas. We have thus briefly outlined the part taken by this energetic and ad venturous explorer, in giving to civilization a knowledge of a region that was destined to constitute the richest and most productive portion of the American continent, if not indeed, of the world. EARLY SETTLEMENTS IN THE NORTHWEST. Early French Settlements— Indian Tribes— Mission at Kaskaskia— KahoMa— Vincennes— Fort Ponchartrain— Fort Chartres— La Belle Riviere— La Salle— The English Claim "From Sea to Sea"— Treaty with Indians in 1684— English Grants— French and Indian's Attack Pick- awillany— Treaty with the Six Nations— French and English Claims— George Washington — French and Indian War — Fall of Montreal — Treaty of Paris — Pontiac's Conspiracy- Detroit — Pontiac's Promissory Notes— Pontiac's Death— France Cedes Louisiana to Spain — Washington Explores the Ohio Valley — Emigration — Land Companies — The Revolution — Colonel Clark — Surrender of French Posts m Illinois — Surrender of Vincennes — Gov. Hamilton Taken Prisoner— Daniel Boone — Simon Girty — Virginia's "Land Laws." As the French were the first to explore the region known as the North west, so they were the first to improve the opening thus made. The earliest settlements were in that part of the country east of the Mississippi and south of the Great Lakes, occupied chiefly by the Illinois tribes of the Great Algon-:f quin family of Indians. The Illinois were divided into the Tamaroas, Mich- " igamies, Kakokias, Kaskaskias, and Peorias, and were sometimes designated as the Five Nations. The three last-named tribes occupied the country between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers ; the Michigamies the region bor dering on Lake Michigan, and the Tamaroas, a small tribe, in the same region, occupied by the Kahokias, and now embraced in the counties of Jersey, Madi son, and St. Clair, in the state of Illinois. The French opened the way for colonization by the establishment of missions among these tribes, their efforts in this direction having been attended with great success in Canada. A mission was founded at Kaskaskia by Father Gravier about the year 1698. This at the time of the visit of Marquette and Joliet, in 1673; was the largest and most important of the Illinois villages, and contained seventy^ four lodges, or about fifteen hundred inhabitants. By the early explorers it; was called by the several names of " Kaskaskia," " La Vantum," and " Great Illinois Town." Here, in 1675, Father Marquette' had attempted to christian ize the Indians by establishing the mission of the Immaculate Conception. For years it was nothing more than a missionary station, occupied only by the Nations and the missionary. About the year 1700 missions were also established at Kahokia and Peoria, the latter being near the site of old Fort Crevecoeur. Another of the early French settlements was at Vincennes on the Oubache (Waba, now Wabash) river. Authorities disagree as to the date of this settlement, but it was probably about 1702. For many years this was an isolated colony of French emigrants from Canada, and several fenerations of their descendants lived and passed away in these vast solitudes, efore either they or their savage neighbors were disturbed by the encroach ments of an expanding civilization. During all this time they had maintained friendly relations with the natives. In July, 1701, a station was established THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 15 by De la Motte on the Detroit river, called Fort Ponchartrain. While these attempts to colonize the Northwest were in progress, similar efforts were being made by France in the Southwest, but without maintaining like friendly relations with the natives, for in a conflict with the Chickasaws, an entire colony at Natchez was cut off. As these settlements in the North west were isolated but little is known of their history prior to 1750. In this year Vivier, a missionary among the Illinois, near Fort Chartres, writes of five French villages, with a population of eleven hundred whites, three hun dred blacks, and sixty red slaves or savages. He says there were whites, negroes and Indians, to say nothing of half-breeds. They then raised wheat, cattle, swine and horses, and sent pork, grain and flour to New Orleans. On the 7th of November, 1750, the same priest writes : "For fifteen leagues above the mouth of the Mississippi one sees no dwell ings, the ground being too low to be habitable. Thence to New Orleans the lands are only partially occupied. New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber, bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear's grease; and above all, pork and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans plantations are again met with; the most considerable is a colony of Germans some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty-five leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues further up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners through fear of the Chickasaws. Here and at Point Coupee they raise excellent tobacco. An other hundred leagues brings us to the Arkansas, where we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of the river traders. From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred leagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at the Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the Mississippi. In the Illinois country are number less mines, but no one to work them as they deserve." The fame' of Robert Cavelier de La Salle was not achieved alone by his explorations of the Valley of the Mississippi, for, in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Marquette and Joliet, La Salle discovered the Ohio river, or La Belle Riviere (Beautiful River), as the French called it. Being conversant with several Indian dialects, he had learned from some Senecas of a river called Ohio which rose in their country and flowed a long distance to the sea. La Salle then held the belief that the river flowing to the west emptied into the Sea of California, and longed to engage in the enter prise of discovering a route across the continent. He obtained the approval of the government at Quebec, but no allowance to defray tlfe expense. He sold his property in Canada for two thousand eight hundred dollars, and with the proceeds purchased canoes and the necessary supplies. With a party of' twenty-four persons he embarked in seven canoes on the St. Law rence, July 6th, 1669. Crossing over Lake Ontario, they were conducted by Indian guides to the Genesee, about where the city of Rochester, New York, is now located. The enterprise did not receive the approbation of the Indians at the Seneca village then situated on the bank,of the Genesee at this point, and they refused to furnish him guides to conduct him further. After a month's delay he met an Indian belonging to the Iroquois tribe on Lake On tario, who conducted them to their village, where they received a more,- friendly welcome. From the chief of the Iroquois at Onondaga he obtained 16 THE ITOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. guides who conducted the party to a river south of Lake Erie. This proved to be a tributary of the Ohio. They descended it, and thence down the Ohio to the great falls where Louisville now stands. By virtue of this dig- covery the French claimed the country along the Ohio, and many years after established military and trading posts at different points. One of these was Fort Du Quesne, erected in 1654, which was taken from them by the English a few years later and called Pittsburg, in honor of William Pitt, then prime minister of England. Notwithstanding the discovery of the Ohio by the French under La Salle as early as 1669, the English claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific on the ground that her sea-coast discoveries entitled her to the sovereignty of all the country from " sea to sea." In 1684, Lord Howard, Governor of Vir ginia, held a treaty with Indian tribes known as the Northern Confederacy, to-wit: the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas and Senecas. The Tus- caroras being subsequently taken in, these tribes became known as the Six Nations, and the English assumed their protection. They purchased from them large tracts of land and aimed to obtain a monopoly of the Indian trade. The English government made grants of land west of the Alleghanies, and companies were formed for their settlement. France, seeing the Eng-, lish obtaining a foothold by planting trading posts in the Northwest, in 1749 sent Louis Celeron with a. small force of soldiers to plant in mounds at the mouths of the principal tributaries of the Ohio, plates of lead with the claims of France inscribed thereon. The English, however, still continued to make explorations and establish trading posts. One of these grants of England was to a company known as the " Ohio Company," and embraced a tract of land on the Great Miami, described as being one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. Christopher Gist was sent by this company in 1750 to inspect thier lands and to establish a trading post. In 1752 a small party of French soldiers, assisted by Ottawas and Chippewas, attacked this post and captured the traders after a severe battle. The English called this post Pickawillany — the name being subsequently contracted to Pickaway or Piqua. The location of this post was doubtless near that of- the present town of Piqua, on the Great Miami, about seventy-eight miles north of Cincinnati. Thus on the soil of what became a part of the state of Ohio was shed the first blood between the French and English for the possession of the Northwest. In 1744 the English had entered into a treaty with the Six Nations at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, by which they acquired certain lands described as being within the " Colony of Virginia." The Indians subsequently com plained of bad faith on the part of the English in failing to comply with some of the stipulations of the treaty. The Governor of Virginia appointed commissioners to hear the grievances of the Indians. They met at Logs- town, on the north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the present city of Pittsburg, in the spring of 1752. Notwithstanding the complaint of the Indians that the English had failed to supply them with arms and am munition as they had agreed, they succeeded in obtaining a confirmation of the treaty of Lancaster. In the meantime the French were quietly preparing to maintain their claims to the country in dispute. They provided cannon and military stores in anticipation of the coming conflict. The French were notified to give up their posts, but they_ failed to comply. Governor Dinwiddie finally deter mined to learn definitely their intentions, and for this purpose selected Major THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 17 18 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. George Washington, then twenty-two years of age, as a messenger. With Christopher Gist as guide, and four attendants or servants, Washington set out through the wilderness on his perilous journey. He held a conference with the chiefs of the Six Nations at Logstown in November, 1753. He learned something of the condition of the French, but the Indians desired to remain neutral and were disposed to be non-committal. Washington pro ceeded to Venango, where there was a French post called Fort Machault. Here he delivered to the French governor Dinwiddie's letter, and received the answer of St. Pierre, the commander of the fort, declining to give up without a struggle. Preparations for war were made in all the English cot onies while the French continued to strengthen their lines of fortifications. It will thus be seen that what is known as the French and Indian war had its origin in this dispute about the possession of what is now one of the fairest and richest portions of our Republic. It resulted, not only in Eng land maintaining her right to the territory in dispute, but in wresting Can ada from France. It was a war of eight years duration, commencing with the attack of the French and Indians on the English post at Piqua in 1752, and virtually ending with the fall of the city of Montreal in April, 1760. Ticonderoga, Crown Point, Niagara, and Quebec had all previously surren dered to the English, the first two without resistance. After the fall of Montreal the Governor of Canada signed a capitulation surrendering the whole of Canada to the English. One post, however, that of Detroit, still remained in possession of the French. Major Rogers was sent from Mon treal to demand its surrender. Beletre, the commander of the post, at first refused, but on the 29th of November, having heard of the defeat of the French arms in Canada, he also surrendered. September 29th, 1760, the treaty of peace between France and England, known as the treaty of Paris, was made, but not ratified until February 10th, 1763. Meantime the Northwest territory was entirely under English rule and settlements began to extend. The Indians who had been the friends and allies of the French during the war were not reconciled to the English, claiming that they had not carried out their promises. Under the famous Ottawa chief, Pontiac, they united in a general conspiracy to cut off all the English posts on the frontier. The Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawnese, Delawares and Mingoes, buried the hatchet in their local quarrels, and united to exterminate the English. Owing to treachery on the part of some of Pontiac's followers, he failed in the complete execution of his plans, but in May, 1763, several British posts fell, and many whites were victims of the merciless tomahawk. In the arrangement among the Indians it was agreed that Pontiac's own irame: diate field of action was to be the garrison at Detroit. He laid siege to the post May 12th, and continued it until October 12th. To obtain food for his warriors during this time, he issued promissory notes, drawn upon birch bark and signed with the figure of an otter. All these notes were faithfully redeemed. Being unsuccessful in reducing the garrison, the tribes generally sued for peace, but Pontiac remained as yet unsubdued. To Alexander Henry, an Englishman who visited Missillimacinac the next spring, he said: " Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not yet conquered us. We are not your slaves ! These lakes, these woods, these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, and we will part with them to none. Your nation supposes that we, like the white people, cannot live without bread, and pork and beef ; but you ought to THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 19 know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided food for us upon these broad lakes and in these mountains.?' Pontiac still entertained the hope that the French would renew the war, and finally conquer the English, and endeavored to incite the Indians on the Miami, and in other parts of the West, to continue hostilities. He applied, but unsuccessfully, to the French commander at New Orleans. Being un able to unite again those who entered so eagerly into his original conspiracy for destroying the English settlements, he went to the Illinois country, where he made a stand, and had for a time the sympathy and co-operation of the French fur traders in that region. Soon, however, all but his immediate followers deserted his cause, and he then reluctantly accepted peace on the terms offered by the English. From this time he had but little influence with the tribes. He was killed by an Illinois Indian, while drunk, at Ka- hokia, in 1769. At the time of his death he was about fifty-seven years of age. Great Britain now held sovereignty over the entire Northwest, and to pre vent Louisiana from also falling into the hands of the English, France by secret treaty, in 1762, ceded it to Spain. The next year the treaty of Paris formally gave to England possession of the Northwestern Territory. The English now began to prepare for settlement and occupation of the country. In 1770 persons from Virginia and other British provinces took up the valuable lands on the Monongahela and along the Ohio to the mouth of the Little Kanawa. • In October of the same year George Washington with a party descended the Ohio from Pittsburg to the Kenawa, which last named stream they ascended about fourteen miles, and marked out several large tracts of land. Buffalo were then abundant in the Ohio valley, and several of them were shot by Washington's party. Pittsburg was then a village of twenty houses, the inhabitants being mostly Indian traders. The British government was inclined to observe a liberal policy toward the French settlers in the West. In 1763 the king, by royal proclamation, had forbidden his subjects from making settlements beyond the sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic ; but his subjects in the colonies were little disposed to observe this restriction. Finally, in 1774, Governor Dun- more, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration to the West. A number of settlements were made in the Ohio valley, the settlers often coming in conflict with the Indians. Several battles were fought, ending in the battle of Kenawa, in July, when the Indians were defeated and driven across^ the Ohio. During the years following, up to 1776, several land companies were formed, and engaged in extensive operations. One, called the "Illinois Land Company," obtained from the Indians large tracts of land on the Mis sissippi river, south of the Illinois. An association, styling itself the " Wa bash Land Company," obtained a deed from eleven chiefs to 37,497,600 acres of land. The War of the Revolution interfered with these and many other similar schemes of speculation. The parties interested subsequently made efforts to have these land grants sanctioned by Congress, but did not succeed. In 1771, according to the best information we have, Kaskaskia contained eighty houses, and nearly one thousand inhabitants, white and black. Ka- hokia contained fifty houses, with three hundred white inhabitants, and eighty negroes. There were a few families at Prairie du Rocher, on the Mississippi river, opposite St. Louis. At Detroit, there were in 1766, about one hundred houses. This place was founded by Antoine de la Motte Ca dillac, in 1701, and is the oldest town in the Northwest. 20 THE 1TOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. When the War of the Revolution commenced the British held Kaskaskia| Kahokia, Vincennes, Detroit, and other important posts in the West. Col. George Rogers Clark, a master spirit of the frontier, who was familiar with all the important movements of the British in the West, and also with the disposition of the Indians, formed a plan unequalled in boldness, for subju gating these posts. He repaired to the capital of Virginia, Patrick Henry being then Governor, and presented to the authorities his plan of operations, which was approved by Governor Henry. He was accordingly furnished with two sets of instructions — one secret and the other open. His open in structions authorized him to enlist seven companies to go to Kentucky, sub ject to his orders, and serve three months from their arrival in the West The secret order authorized him to arm and equip his troops at Pittsburgh and proceed to subjugate the country. Col. Clark succeeded in raising but three companies, but with these and a few private volunteers, he descended the Ohio as far as the falls, in the spring of 1777. Here he fortified a small island, known as Corn Island, and then announced to his men their real des-r tination. Leaving a small garrison, on the 24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, he moved down the river. Under a burning July sun, with his chosen band, he marched to Kaskaskia, reaching that post on the evening of July 4th. Without the loss of a man on either side the fort and village were captured. He easily induced the Indians to give their allegi ance to the American cause. They accompanied him to Kahokia on the 6th, and through their influence the inhabitants of that place surrendered without resistance. The priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, hastily joined in rendering all the aid he could to forward the purposes of Clark. He estab lished a government for the colonies he had taken, and then made ready to march upon St. Vincent, or Vincennes, as it is more commonly known. But Gibault offered to go alone and induce the post on the " Oubache " to throw off the authority of England. Clark accepted the offer, and on the 14th of July Gibault started on his mission. On the 1st of August he re turned, with intelligence of entire success, the garrison at Vincennes having taken the oath of allegiance to Virginia. Col. Clark placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Kahokia, and sent orders for the erection of a fort at the Falls of the Ohio, where the City of Louisville now stands. He also sent Roche- blave, the former commander of Kaskaskia, a prisoner of war to Richmond. The county of Illinois was established in October of the same year, by the Legislature of Virginia. John Todd was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel and acting governor. Courts were established, and the colony was provided with a government complete. The Indians acknowledged allegiance to the new government. While Col. Clark was arranging for the government of the Illinois colo nies, the British Governor, Hamilton, was planning an expedition to move from Detroit down the Wabash to Vincennes, intending to recapture the posts which had surrendered to Clark, and thence extend his operations to Kentucky. He knew nothing of the capitulation of Vincennes until his arrival, when he found the fort in command of Capt. Helm, who had been sent by Col. Clark to take charge of the garrison. Hamilton demanded the surrender of the fort, and being granted the rights of a prisoner of war, Capt. Helm surrendered to a superior force. On the 29th of January, 1879,' Clark received intelligence of what had transpired at Vincennes, and of the in tended operations of Hamilton. Having sufficiently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Kahokia, and dispatched a force down the Mississippi to ascend the Ohio THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 21 and operate with the land forces in that direction, on the 5th of February he set out himself with one hundred and twenty men on his hard march to Vincennes. He reached the fort on the 22d, and was joined by the re mainder of his command, which had come by water. He immediately com menced his attack on the fort, and on the 25th Gov. Hamilton surrendered. He was sent as a prisoner of war to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement, and thus failed to accomplish his purpose of uniting the In dian tribes against the Americans. All the important posts in the North west, except Detroit, were now in the hands of the Americans. Had Clark received reinforcements, which had been promised, he would doubtless have captured Detroit also ; but Virginia and the other colonial governments at this time doubtless had all they could do to attend to the operations of the war east of the Alleghanies. The Legislature of Virginia passed resolutions complimenting Col. Clark and his men, and in 1781 he was promoted to the rank of general. Previous to this he had taken part with Steuben against Arnold, when the latter invaded Virginia, in 1780. Subsequently, Virginia gave to Gen. Clark and his men one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, wherever they might choose to locate it, north of the Ohio. They made selection of a tract opposite the Falls of the Ohio, between New Albany and Jeffersonville, Indiana. Gen. Clark died near Louisville, Ken tucky, February 13th, 1808. The years 1781 and 1782 were dark years in the history of the infant set tlements of the Northwest, in consequence of the many outrages practiced by the Indians. Many deeds of cruelty were committed under the leader ship of the outlaw, Simon Girty, occurring chiefly in the Ohio Valley. Sev eral battles between the Indians and frontiersmen occurred north of the Ohio, while in Kentucky the famous Daniel Boone and his companions were engaged in protecting the frontier outposts. In 1783 the treaty of peace, which ended the Revolutionary struggle, was concluded, and by its terms the boundaries of the West were defined as fol lows : On the north, to extend along the center of the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ; thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi river, down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude ; thence on that line east to the head of Appa- lachicola river, down its center to the junction with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's river ; and thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. For some time after the cessation of hostilities, General Haldimand, the British commander at Detroit, refused to evacuate, on the ground, as he claimed, that his king had not ordered him to do so. It shortly, however, passed under the control of the United States, and so remained, except when held by the British, through the surrender of Gen. Hull, for a few weeks in August and September, 1812. The war of independence had been fought and gained, and England, as we have seen, had renounced her claim to the Northwest, but the Indian title was not yet extinguished. From 1783 to 1786 various treaties were made, by which the Indians relinquished their title to extensive tracts of territory. The individual States also held claims to the territory surrendered by Great Britain, and acts of cession were necessary to vest the title to the soil in United States ; but of this we shall treat more fully in another place. In 1779 Virginia had passed her "land laws," by which grants made to set tlers were confirmed, and providing for selling the rest at forty cents per 22 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. acre. Kentucky was included in the territory of Virginia until 1792. It was originally explored by Daniel Boone and his compeers about the year 1769. Harrodsburg was founded in 1774, and Lexington a year or two later, when the news of the battle of Lexington was fresh in the minds of its founders. THE NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY. Territory held by States— Articles of Confederation— Objections of certain States— Delaware •; Resolutions— Action of Congress— Maryland— New York— Cession of Territory by States- Ordinance of 1787— Territorial Organization of the Northwest— Fort Washington— Wm. H. Harrison. Arthur St. Clair— Early American Settlements— New England Company-*! Gen. Rufus Putnam — John Cleves Symmes— Cincinnati Founded— Treaty with Spain- Division of the Northwestern Territory — Organization of the Territory of Indiana- Division of Indiana Territory — Territory of Michigan — Gov. Wm. Hull — Destruction of Detroit by Fire. At the time the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union were pend ing a number of the States held, or claimed, large tracts of territory not now included in those States. New York, Virginia, Massachusetts, Connecticut, South Carolina, North Carolina and Georgia, all held such territory. Vir- finia claimed all that vast region which now embraces the States of Ohio, ndiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and that part of Minnesota east of the Mississippi river. That State had made provision, by legislative enactment, to dispose of her lands to settlers. Certain States, claiming that the unoccu pied western lands were rightfully the common property of all the States, in sisted on limiting the area of those States claiming western territory. This was a subject of warm and protracted discussion in the adoption of the Arti cles of Confederation. The delegates from Maryland, under instructions from the General Assembly of that State, declined, in the Congress of the Confed eration, to sign the Articles of Confederation until provision was made for restricting the boundaries of the States, and vesting the soil of the western territories, in the Confederation for the common benefit of all the settlers. Virginia had remonstrated against this course. On the 25th of November, 1778, the act of New Jersey for ratifying the Articles of Confederation was presented in the Congress. Her delegates were directed to sign the arti cles "in the firm reliance that the candour and justice of the several States will, in due time, remove as far as possible the inequality which now sub sists." The delegation from Delaware, after having signed the articles, on the 23d of February, 1779, presented sundry resolutions passed by the legislature of that State, among which were the following: "Resolved, That this State thinks it necessary, for the peace and safety of the States to be included in the Union, that a moderate extent of limits should be assigned for such of those States as claim to the Mississippi or South Sea; and that the United States in Congress assembled, should, and ought to, have the power of fixing the western limits. "Resolved, That this State consider themselves justly entitled to a right in common with the members of the Union, to that extensive tract of country which lies westward of the frontier of the United States, the property of which was not vested in, or granted to, private individuals at the com. mencement of the present war? That the same hath been, or may be, gained from the King of Great Britain, or the native Indians, by the blood and treasure of all, and ought, therefore, to be a common estate, to be granted out on terms beneficial to the United States." THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 23 The same day, after the presentation of these resolutions, Congress passed the following: "Resolved, That the paper laid before Congress by the delegates from Delaware, and read, be filed; provided, that it shall never be considered as admitting any claim by the same set up, or intended to be set up." Eight States voted in favor of this resolution, and three against it. The State of Maryland still persisting in her refusal to ratify the Articles of Confederation, on the 30th of October, 1779, Congress, by a vote of eight States to three, and one being divided, passed the following: " Whereas, The appropriation of vacant lands by the several States, during the continuance of the war, will, in the opinion of Congress, be attended with great mischiefs: Therefore, "Resolved, That it be earnestly recommended to the State of Virginia, to reconsider their late act of Assembly for opening their land office; and that it be recommended to the said State, and all other States similarly circum stanced, to forbear settling or issuing warrants for unappropriated lands, or granting the same during the continuance of the present war." On the 19th of February, 1780, the Legislature of New York passed an act authorizing her delegates in Congress, for and on behalf of that State, by proper and authentic acts or instruments, "to limit and restrict the boundaries of the State in the western parts thereof, by such line or lines, and in such manner and form, as they shall judge to be expedient," and providing for the cession to the United States of certain " waste and uncul tivated" territory. This act was fullv carried into effect by her delegates on the 1st of March, 1781. On the 6th of September, 1780, Congress passed a resolution earnestly recommending the States having " claims to the western country, to pass such laws, and give their delegates in Congress such powers " as might effectually remove the only obstacle to a final ratification of the Articles of Confederation, and requesting the Legislature of Maryland to authorize her delegates in Congress to subscribe to the articles. On the 10th of October, 1780, a further resolution on 'this subject was passed by the Congress of the Confederation, as follows: "Resolved, That the unappropriated lands that may be ceded or relin quished to the United States, by any particular State, pursuant to the recom mendation of Congress of the 6th day of September last, shall be disposed of for the common benefit of the United States, and be settled and formed into distinct republican States, which shall become members of the Federal Union, and have the same rights of sovereignty, freedom and independence as the other States; that each State which shall be so formed shall contain a suitable extent of territory, not less than one hundred, nor more than one hundred and fifty miles square, or as near thereto as circumstances will admit; that the necessary and reasonable expenses which any particular State shall have incurred since the commencement of the present war, in subduing any British posts, or in maintaining forts or garrisons within and for the defense, or in acquiring any part of the territory that may be ceded or relinquished to the United States, shall be, re-imbursed; that the said lands shall be granted or settled at such times, and under such regulations, as shall here after be agreed on by the United States, in Congress assembled, or any nine or more of them." In pursuance of the recommendation of Congress, of September 6th, 1780, several States made cessions of territory to the United States. Virginia 2 24 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. ceded her northwestern territory March 1st, 1784, and by an act of her Legislature of December 30th, 1788, agreed to change the conditions of the act of cession of 1784, so far as to ratify the 5th article of the ordinance of 1787, passed by Congress for the government of the territory. The dele gates in Congress from Maryland signed' the Articles of Confederation at the date of the cession of territory by New York, March 1st, 1781, thus completing the confederation. On the 23d of April, 1784, Congress passed a resolution for the govern ment of the territory ceded by Virginia, which was superceded by the famous ordinance of July 13th, 1787, entitled "An ordinance for the govern ment of the territory of the United States northwest of the river Ohio." The first part of this important enactment provides for the temporary gov ernment of the territory, and concludes with six "articles of compact between the original States and the people and States in the said territory, and forever to remain unalterable, unless by common consent." The provisions of these six articles are of such importance as to justify their insertion here in full: "Aeticle 1. No person, demeaning himself in a peaceable and orderly manner, shall ever be molested on account of his mode of worship or religious sentiments, in the said territory. "Aet. 2. The inhabitants of the said territory shall always be entitled to the writ of habeas corpus, and of the trial by jury ; of a proportionate repre sentation of the people in the legislature, and of judicial proceedings accord ing to the course of the common law. All persons shall be bailable, unless for capital offenses, when the proof shall be evident, or the presumption great. All fines shall be moderate, and no cruel or unusual punishment shall be inflicted. No person shall be deprived of his liberty or property, but by the judgment of his peers, or the law of the land, and should the public exigencies make it necessary for the common preservation to take any person's property, or to demand his particular services, full compensation shall be made for the same. And, in the just preservation of rights and property, it is understood and declared that no law ought ever to be made, or nave force in the said territory, that should, in any manner whatever, in terfere with or affect private contracts or engagements, bona fide, and with out fraud previously formed. "Aet. 3. Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good gov ernment and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall be forever encouraged. The utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the Indians; their lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by _ Congress; but laws founded in justice and humanity shall, from time to time, be made for preventing wrongs being done to them, and for preserving peace and friendship with them. "Aet. 4. The said territory, and the States which may be formed therein, shall forever remain a part of this'^onfederacy of the United States of Amer ica, subject to the Articles of Confederation, and to such alterations therein as shall be constitutionally made; and to all the acts and ordinances of the United States, in Congress assembled, conformable thereto. The inhabitants and settlers in the said territory shall be subject to pay a part of the federal debts, contracted or to be contracted, and a proportional part of the expenses of government, to be apportioned on them by Congress, according to the same common rule and measure by which apportionments thereof 'shall bo THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 25 made on the other States ; and the taxes for paying their proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the dis trict or districts, or new States, as in the original States, within the time agreed upon by the United States, in Congress assembled. The legislatures of those districts, or new States, shall never interfere with the primary dis posal of the soil of the United States, in Congress assembled, nor with any regulations Congress may find necessary, for securing the title in such soil, to the bona fide purchasers. No tax shall be imposed on lands the property of the United States; and in no case shall non-resident proprietors be taxed higher than residents. The navigable waters leading into the Mississippi and St. Lawrence, and the carrying places between the same, shall be com mon highways and forever free, as well to the inhabitants of said territory as to the citizens of the United States, and those of any other States that may be admitted into the Confederacy, without any tax, impost, or duty therefor. "Aet. 5. There shall be formed in the said territory not less than three, nor more than five States; and the boundaries of the States, as soon as Vir- finia shall alter her act of cession, and consent to the same, shall become xed and established as follows, to-wit: the Western States in the said terri tory shall be bounded by the Mississippi, the Ohio and Wabash rivers; a direct line drawn from the Wabash and Post Vincents due north to the ter ritorial line between the United States and Canada, and by the said territorial line to the Lake of the Woods and Mississippi. The Middle States shall be bounded by the said direct line, the Wabash, from Post Vincents to the Ohio, by the Ohio, by a direct line drawn due north from the mouth of the Great Miami to the said territorial line and by the said territorial line. The Eastern State shall be bounded by the last-mentioned direct line, the Ohio, Pennsylvania, and the said territorial line; provided, however, and it is further understood and declared that the boundaries of these three States shall be subject so far to be altered that if Congress shall hereafter find it expedient, they. shall have authority to form one or two States in that part of the said territory which lies north of an east and west line drawn through the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan. And whenever any of the said States shall have sixty thousand free inhabitants therein, such State shall be admitted, by its delegates, into the Congress of the United States on an equal footing with the original States, in all respects whatever; and shall be at liberty to form a permanent constitution and State government, provided the constitution and government so to be formed shall be republi can, and in conformity to the principles contained in these articles, and so far as can be consistent with the general interests of the Confederacy, such admission shall be allowed at an earlier period, and when there may be a less number of free inhabitants in the State than sixty thousand. "Aet. 6. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall be duly convicted; provided, always, that any person escaping into the same from whom, labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or services as aforesaid." These articles, sometimes known as the "Compact of 1787," form the basis of the organization of the Northwestern Territory and of the several States into which it was subsequently divided, Although the original act of cession was adopted by Virginia in 17847 it will be seen that it was three years later before Congress agreed upon a plan of government. The 26 THE NOETHWEST. TEEEITOEY. subject was one of serious and earnest discussion at various times. ^ _At one time a motion prevailed to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition of slavery. Another proposition was agreed to by which the territory was to be divided into States by parallels and meridian lines, making ten States which were to be named as follows: Sylvania, Michigania, Chersonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Illenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Polypotamia and Pelisipia. When this plan was submitted to the legislatures of the States there were serious objections made, especially by Massachusetts and Vir ginia. There were objections to the category of names, but the chief diffi culty was the resolution of Congress of October 10th, 1780, which fixed the extent of each State at not less than one hundred nor more. than one hundred and fifty miles square, or as near thereto as circumstances might admit. So the subject was again taken up in 1786, and discussed during that year and until July 12th, 1787, when the ordinance finally passed, as stated above. An act of territorial organization was approved August 7th, 1789. Gen. Arthur St. Clair was appointed Governor, and William H. Harrison Secre tary. In 1788 a town had been laid out by John Cleves Symmes at Fort Washington, and was named Losantiville, but afterward Cincinnati. The place was settled by persons from the New England States and from New Jersey, but did not extensively improve until after Gen. Wayne's defeat of the Indians in 1794. This became the seat of the new territorial govern ment. The election of representatives for the territory was held February 4th, 1799. As required by the ordinance of 1787, these representatives met at the seat of the territorial government to nominate .ten persons, out of which Congress was to appoint five to serve as the territorial council. The ' following persons were commissioned: Henry Vandenburg, of Vincennes*; Robert Oliver, of Marietta; James Findlay and Jacob Burnett, of Cincin nati,- and David Vance, of Vanceville. The first Territorial Legislature met September 16th, 1799, and on the 24th both houses were duly organized, Henry Vandenburg being elected president of the council. On the 13th of October the legislature elected Wm. Henry Harrison as delegate to Congress. He received eleven of the votes cast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of the Governor. At this session thirty-seven acts were passed and approved. Eleven other acts were passed which the Governor vetoed. The greater part of the legislation of the ses- ' sion related to the organization of the militia and to revenue matters. The session closed December 19th, 1799. President Adams appointed Charles Willing Bryd as secretary of the territory to succeed Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to Congress, and the senate confirmed the nomination. James N. Varnum, S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong were appointed to the judicial bench of the territory in October, 1787. Having briefly outlined the legislation which resulted in the formation of a Territorial government, we return to notice some of the earlier American settlements in the Territory. As elsewhere stated, a few French settlements had been made by emigrants from Canada and Louisiana, on the Ohio river and in the region known as the Illinois country, but it was not until after the Virginia cession that any permanent American settlements were made. Then several treaties were made with the Indians, in which they relinquished their title to large portions of the territory. The government made several large grants to companies and individuals, for the purpose of colonizing the country. One of these was to a company from Massachusetts and Connective cut, called the New England Company, of a tract lying along the Ohio and" THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 27 Muskingum rivers, embracing 1,500,000 acres. Here the town of Marietta was laia out, in August, 1787, at the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers. Fort Harmar was built on the opposite, or west bank of the Mus kingum, the year before. The New England Company sent its first party of settlers in the spring of 1788. They consisted of eight families, and some other persons, and all under the superintendency of Gen. Rufus Put nam. The party, after a long and weary journey over the Alleghanies, and down, the Onio, arrived at Marietta on the 7th of April, 1788. This little band had the honor of being the pioneers of Ohio, unless the Moravian missionaries may be so regarded. The settlement was first known as the "Muskingum," but on the 2d of July, 1788, at a meeting of the directors and agents of the company, the name was changed to Marietta, in honor of Marie Antoinette. In 1786, John Cleves Symmes, of New Jersey, visited the country be tween the Miamies, and being pleased with its appearance, made application to the government for the purchase of a large tract of land, to be settled on similar conditions with those of the New England Company. The grant was made to Symmes and his associates the following year. Associated with Symmes, was Matthias Denman, also of New Jersey, who located, among other tracts in the Symmes purchase, the section upon which Cincinnati was laid out. Denman sold to Robert Patterson and John Filson, each one- third of his location, retaining the other third himself. ¦ In August, 1788, they laid out the first portion of what, in a few years, became one of the great cities of the West. Fort Washington was erected here in 1790, and was for some time the headquarters of both the civil, and military govern ments of the Northwestern Territory. There were but few settlers here until after 1794, when settlers began to arrive rapidly. In July, 1815, the population was 6,500. In October, 1795, the treaty was signed between the United States and Spain, which secured to the former the free navigation of the Mississippi. After this the Northwest began to settle rapidly. During the next year settlements were made at various points along the Miami and Scioto rivers, including those at Piqua and Chillicothe. In September, of the same year, the city of Cleveland was laid out. The great extent of the Northwestern Territory, and the rapid increase of population at the beginning of the new century, began to render the effi cient action of the courts impossible ; and to remedy this evil a division of the Territory was proposed. A committee in Congress, to whom the mat ter had been referred, on the 3d of March, 180Q, reported in favor of two distinct, territorial governments, and that the division be made by a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami river, and running directly to the boundary line between the United States and Canada. The report was accepted, and an act passed, which was approved May 7th, of the same year, making the division. It provided, among other things, that from and after the next 4th day of July, " all that part of the territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio river, which lies to the northward of a line beginning at a point on the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the Kentucky river, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence north until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a separate territory, and be called the Indiana Territory." The same act provided, that until the Leg islatures of the Territories, respectively, otherwise ordered, Chillicothe, on 28 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. the Scioto river, should be the seat of government of the Territory east of the line of division; and that Vincennes, on the Wabash river, should be the seat of government of the Indiana Territory. On the 3d of November, of that year, the Territorial Legislature met at Chillicothe. William Henry Harrison was appointed Governor of Indiana Territory, and entered upon his duties in 1801. The new Territory then embraced all that region now comprising the States of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and that part of Minnesota east of the Mississippi river. Nearly the whole of it was at that time in the possession of the Indians. Soon after the arrival of Governor Harrison at Vincennes, he concluded several treaties with the In dians, whereby large grants of land were obtained from the various tribes. By a treaty made at St. Louis, August 18th, 1804, he obtained a relinquish ment of Indian title to over 51,000,000 of acres. The year before the gov ernment had obtained Louisiana from France, by purchase, and that being divided, the " District of Louisiana " (the " New Northwest ") was annexed to Indiana Territory, thus extending Gov. Harrison's authority over a vast domain, occupied chiefly by savage tribes. By an act of Congress, of January 11th, 1805, Indiana Territory was di vided into two separate governments, and the new Territory of Michigan formed. William Hull was appointed Governor of the new Territory, and Detroit was designated as the seat of government. On the 30th of June the Territorial government of Michigan was to go into operation. When Gov. Hull, and the other Territorial officers, reached Detroit, they found the Elace in ruins and the inhabitants scattered. On the 11th of that month a re had destroyed almost every building in the place. Gov. Hull adopted a / new plan for rebuilding the town, and in population and importance it soon regained all it had lost by the fire. Other changes were subsequently made in the boundaries of the Western Territories, as new States were from time to time admitted into the Union, until finally, all that vast domain originally designated as the "Northwestern Territory" became sovereign States. THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. Discovery of the Mouth of the Mississippi— Founding of New Orleans— French Grant— John Law— The "Mississippi Bubble "—Territory West of the Mississippi— France Cedes to Spam — Spain Cedes Back to France - France Cedes to the United States — Right to Navigate the Mississippi— Particulars of the Negotiations With France— Extent of the Territory— Possession Taken by the United States— Division of the Territory. That vast region of territory once known as Louisiana, came under the jurisdiction of civilized men by the right of discovery — a right which has long been known and recognized among civilized nations, though often necessarily followed by conquest to render it effective. For two centuries the Spaniards had navigated the Gulf of Mexico, so far as we know, ignorant r of the fact that it received the waters of one of the largest rivers of the world. About the year 1660 the French, who had re-established themselves in Canada, received some information of this great river, but did not discover ' its mouth until 1691, when, according to some authorities, La Salle succeeded in reaching it. Iberville founded his first colony in 1699, but it did not assume importance until 1717, when the city of New Orleans was founded. In 1712 Louis XIV of France granted to M. Crozart a charter to the whole territory of Louisiana, which was so named in honor of the king. Under THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 29 the leadership of John Law, in 1716, a company was formed at Paris and incorporated as the "Mississippi Company," which purchased Louisiana from the crown. The financial disasters in France caused by Law brought about the failure of his Mississippi scheme, and the explosion of what is known in history as the " Mississippi bubble." Louisiana was then resumed by the crown, and the commerce of the Mississippi was declared free. The Erench retained possession until 1762, when they ceded it to Spain, includ ing the whole country to the head waters of the great river and west to the Rocky Mountains. The jurisdiction of France, which had continued for nearly a century, thus ended, until in 1800 Bonaparte, then first consul, induced the Spanish government to cede it back to France. During the time that Louisiana remained a Spanish dependency, that government claimed the exclusive right of navigating the Mississippi river. The free navigation of that river was essential to the prosperity and commerce of the United States. Spain then having jurisdiction also over the Floridas east of the great river, and that river for several hundred miles flowing wholly through the Spanish dominions, the question of its navigation south of the southern boundary of the United States became a serious one to our govern ment and people. The people in the western part of the United States especially demanded the free navigation of the river as a right. But Spanish military posts enforced the collection of duties on imports by way of the river for the upper region. Boats descending were forced to submit to reve nue exactions by Spanish authorities. These exactions were a constant source of trouble and disaffection, and led to a threatening state of affairs between the United States and Spain. Spain, however, by the treaty of Madrid, October 20, 1795, conceded to the United States the free navigation of the river from its source to the Gulf, and also the free use of the port of New Orleans for three years as a port of deposit. The treaty of Madrid, however, did not quiet all troubles between the United States and Spain. In 1802, during the administration of President Jefferson, there was some apprehension of a war growing out of the continued disputes respecting the southwestern boundary. These disputes had led to many difficulties between the people of the United States and the Spanish authorities. These affairs, however, assumed a new aspect, when in the spring of 1802 the government of the United States received intelligence that, by a secret treaty made in October, 1800, Spain had ceded Louisiana to France. At this time Mr. Livingston was the United States Minister to France, and President Jefferson, soon after learning of the Spanish cession to France, wrote to Mr. Livingston in reference to1 acquiring the right to deposit at the port of New Orleans, and other matters which had been in dispute between the United States and Spain. In his annual message to Congress, in December of the same year, the President alluded to the subject of the Spanish cession to France. Congress passed resolutions asserting the right of navigating the Mississippi, and insisting upon the right to the use of a port or place of deposit. At that time it was understood in the United States that the Spanish cession to France included the Floridas, which, however, was not the case. The policy of the President was to enter into a treaty with France for the purchase of New Orleans and the Floridas, and with this view, on tho 10th of January, 1803, he appointed James Monroe minister plenipotentiary to France to act in conjunction with Mr. Livingston. Mr. Monroe's nomination was confirmed by the senate. The instructions to the American ministers only asked for the cession of the city of New Orleans 30 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. and the Floridas, together with the free navigation of the Mississippi. The cession at this time of the entire Territory of Louisiana was not a subject of discussion. Mr. Monroe sailed from New York, March 8, 1803, and arrived in Paris April 1. Bonaparte was then first consul, and France was on the eve of a war with England. He supposed the American ministers were authorized to enter into more extended stipulations than they really were. Marquis de Marbois was directed to negotiate with the American ministers. Said the first con sul to his minister, as recorded by the latter: "Irresolution and deliberation are no longer in season. I renounce Louisiana. It is not only New Orleans that I will cede; it is the whole col ony, without any reservation. I know the price of what I abandon, and I have sufficiently proved the importance that I attach to this province, since my first diplomatic act with Spam had for its object the recovery of it. ' I renounce it with the greatest regret. To attempt to retain it would be folly. I direct you to negotiate this affair with the envoys of the United States. Do not even await the arrival of Mr. Monroe; have an interview this day with Mr. Livingston. But I require a great deal of money for this war, and I would not like to commence with new contributions. If I should regulate? my terms, according to the value of these vast regions to the United States,,^ the indemnity would have no limits. I will be moderate, in consideration of the necessity in which I am of making a sale. But keep this to yourself. I want fifty millions francs, and for less than that sum I will not treat; I would rather make a desperate attempt to keep those fine countries. To morrow you shall have full powers. Mr. Monroe is on the point of arriving. To this minister the President must have given secret instructions, more extensive than the ostensible authorization of Congress, for the stipulation of the payments to be made. Neither this minister nor his colleague is prepared for a decision which goes infinitely beyond anything that they are about to ask of us. Begin by making them the overture without anv sub terfuge. You will acquaint me, day by day, hour by hour, of your progress, j The cabinet of London is informed of the measures adopted at Washington,! but it can have no suspicion of those which I am now taking. Observe the greatest secrecy, and recommend it to the American ministers ; they have not a less interest than yourself in conforming to this counsel. You will correspond with M. de Talleyrand, who alone knows my intentions. If I attended to his advice, France would confine her ambition to the left bank of the Rhine, and would only make war to protect any dismemberment of her possessions. But he also admits that the cession of Louisiana is not a dismemberment of France. Keep him informed of the progress of this affair." _ On the same day that Napoleon thus confided to Marbois his determina- i tion, conferences began between the latter and Mr. Livingston. The Amer ican minister had been in Paris about two vears, endeavoring to obtain in demnities claimed by American citizens for prizes made by the French during peace, but so far, without result further than vague answers. Mr. Livingston had become distrustful of the French government, and feared the Louisiana overtures were but an artifice to gain still further time. Soon after these preliminary discussions were entered upon, Mr. Monroe arrived in Paris, and the next day began his conferences with Marbois. Rapid pro gress was made in the negotiations, for both sides had an interest in hasten ing the matter. Mr. Monroe was surprised to hear the first overtures made THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 31 so frankly by the French minister, when he proposed to cede to the United States so vast a region of country, with the largest rivers of the world, in stead of merely a town and an inconsiderable extent of territory. The offer embraced infinitely more than the American ministers were empowered to ask for, or accept. Their powers only extended to an arrangement respect ing the left bank of the Mississippi, including New Orleans. But the mo ment was a critical one with France, hostilities being about to commence with England. There Was not time for further instructions from the gov ernment of the United States before the opportunity would pass, perhaps forever. The American ministers therefore assumed the responsibility of treating for the purchase of the entire colony, or territory of Louisiana— an extent of country sufficient in itself for an empire. The terms were soon agreed upon. The United States was to pay for this vast acquisition the sum of fifteen millions of dollars. In the treaty of October 1, 1800, be tween France and Spain, the latter had reserved the right of preference in sase France should cede this territory to another power ; but here again France could not afford to wait. The treaty was concluded and subsequently submitted to the Spanish cabinet. They complained that no regard had been paid to their reserved right, and for almost a year that court delayed its approbation of the treaty. On the 10th of February, 1804, however, Don Pedro Cavallos, the Spanish minister, wrote to Mr. Pinckney, the American minister, that "His Catholic Majesty had thought fit to renounce his oppo sition to the alienation of Louisiana made by France, notwithstanding the solid reasons on which it is founded, thereby giving a new proof of his be nevolence and friendship to the United States." The important treaty that gave to the United States this vast region, with all its wonderful resources, was concluded on the 30th of April, 1803, and four days later the instru ments, in French and English, were signed by the ministers. After affixing their signatures, the ministers rose and shook hands, each expressing his sat isfaction with the result. Mr. Livingston said : " We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives. The treaty which we have just signed has not been obtained by art, or dictated by force ; equally advanta geous to the two contracting parties, it will change vast solitudes into flour ishing districts. From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank ; the English lose all exclusive influence in the affairs of America." The first consul, who had followed the negotiation with a lively interest, acquiesced in the result, and said to Marbois : " It is true, the negotiation does not leave me anything to desire. Sixty millions [francs] for an occupa tion that will not, perhaps, last for a day ! I would that France should en joy this unexpected capital, arid that it may be employed in works beneficial to the marine. This accession of territory strengthens forever the power of the United States ; and I have just given to England a maratime rival that will sooner or later humble her pride." On the 22d day of May, 1803, England commenced hostilities against France by the capture of some of her merchant vessels, and on the same day Bonaparte gave his formal ratification of the Louisiana treaty of cession. In July, the treaty was received in the United States, and on the 20th of October, 1803, it was ratified by the Senate, by twenty-four against seven votes. The country ceded by this treaty, as estimated at that time, exceeded a million of square miles, all occupied by savages, except a' few sparse settle ments, aggregating from 80,000 to 90,000 inhabitants, about 40,000 of whom were slaves. The whites were chiefly French, or descendants of French' 32 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. Congress, a few days after the ratification of the treaty by the Senate, passed an act making provision for the occupation and temporary government of the territory acquired. Eleven millions of dollars were appropriated as payment for the purchase— the remaining four millions being reserved, ac cording to a stipulation in the treaty, to indemnify citizens of the United States who had sustained losses at the hands of the French. The resolution for carrying the treaty into effect was sustained by the House of Represen tatives by a vote of ninety to twenty-five. Even before the acquisition of Louisiana, it had been a favorite object of President Jefferson to have an exploring expedition sent across the continent. to the Pacific Ocean, and in January, 1803, he had recommended an appro priation for that purpose. The appropriation was made, and the enterprise was placed under the direction of Captains Lewis and Clarke.^ The treaty with France, however, was ratified before the exploring expedition was ready to start. On the 14th of May, 1804, Captains Lewis and Clarke, with their companions, consisting in all of thirty persons, left the banks of the Missis sippi on their long ana perilous voyage of two years "and three months, to seek out and give to their country and the world some more accurate knowl edge respecting this vast region of country, of which civilization at that time knew so little. The expedition was in every way successful, and the report made by Captains Lewis and Clarke enabled the government and peo ple of the United States to form a better judgment of the immense value of the country acquired. It will be seen that the region acquired by the Louisiana purchase, com prehended not only the present State of Louisiana, but all the vast region between the Mississippi river and the Pacific Ocean, and as far north as the British possessions. The great States of Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Ne braska, Kansas, the greater part of Minnesota, and several of our great Ter ritories, are but parts of this purchase. On the 20th of December, 1803, in pursuance of authority given by act of Congress, Gov. Claiborne and Gen. Wilkinson took possession of the Loui siana purchase, and raised the American flag at New Orleans. The Span ish authorities there objected to the transfer, but early in 1804 they acqui esced and withdrew. The newly acquired territory, by authority of Con gress, was, on the first of October, 1804, divided as follows : Ali south of the 33d parallel of north latitude, was called the Territory of Orleans, and all north of that parallel became the District of Louisiana, and was placed under the authority of the officers of the then Indiana Territory. It so re mained until July 4, 1805, when the District of Louisiana was given a ter ritorial government of its own. In 1812, the Territory of New Orleans be came the State of Louisiana, and the Territory of Louisiana become the Territory of Missouri. On the 4th of July, 1814, Missouri Territory was divided— that part comprising the present State of Arkansas, and the coun try west, being organized as the Territory of Arkansas. In March, 1821, a part of Missouri Territory was organized as the State of Missouri, and ad mitted into the Union. On the 28th of June, 1834, the territory west of the Mississippi river and north of Missouri, was made a part of the Terri tory of Michigan, so remaining until July 4th, 1836, when Wisconsin Ter ritory was organized. This embraced within its limits the present States of Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. An act of Congress, approved June 12, 1838, created the Territory of Iowa, ambracing not only the present State of. Iowa, but the greater part of the present State of Minnesota, and extending northward to the British Possessions. THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 33 34 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY.. INDIAN WARS IN THE NORTHWEST. Gen. Harmar's Defeat— Gen. St. Clair— His Defeat— Gen. Wayne— His Victory— His Treaties With the Indians— British Posts Surrendered— Death of Wayne— Gen. Harrison— Tecum- seh— The Prophet— Battle of Tippecanoe— Tecumseh's Alliance With the British— Ham'- son Appointed Brigadier-General— Perry's Victory— Gen. McArthur— Battle of the Thames — Tecumseh Killed— Peace With the Indians— Indian Titles Extinguished— Military Posts Established at Belle Point, Council Bluffs, and St. Peters— The Ricarees— Gen. Cass-i: Treaty at Fort Dearborn— Fort Atkinson— Grand Council at Prairie du Chien— Indian Outrages— The Militia Called Out— Gen. Atkinson— Policy of Removing the Indians West — Treaty With the Sacs and Foxes— Black Hawk— He Refuses to Comply With Treaties —Black Hawk War— Battle of Bad Axe— Gen. Henry Dodge— Black Hawk Captured- Taken to Washington— Keokuk— Black Hawk Purchase— Gen. Winfield Scott— Treaties at Davenport— Antoine Le Claire— Removal of Sacs and Foxes to Iowa— Gen. Street- Wapello— Mai. Beach— Sac and Fox Villages on the Des Moines— Gov. Lucas— Gov. Chambers— Visit of Hard-Fish to Burlington— An Incident— Speech of Keokuk. Almost every advance of civilization on the American continent has been made at the expense of more or less conflict and bloodshed at the hands of the savage tribes who were the occupants and owners of the soil prior to the, advent of the white man. Passing over the conflicts of the colonists in the early settlements of the East, the later struggles of the pioneers of the " Dark and Bloody Ground," and the Indian wars of the South, we shall briefly refer to some of the troubles with the aborigines in the Northwest. "With the opening of the new country to white settlers it was necessary to establish military posts for the protection of the pioneers against the attacks of the Indians. In 1790, all pacific means having failed with the tribes north of the Ohio, President Washington sent Gen. Harmar with a military force against them. After destroying several of their villages, he was defeatedin two battles near the confluence of the St. Joseph's and St. Mary's rivers, and not far from the present city of Fort Wayne, Indiana. In 1781 Gen. Arthur St. Clair was promoted to the rank of major general, and was entrusted with a command against the hostile Miamis. On assuming his command, the last admonition of Washington was, " Beware of surprise." Gen. St. Clair marched with his troops to the vicinity of the Miami villages on the Mau- mee. On the 4th of November, 1791, he was surprised in camp on the St. Mary's river, and his force of 1400 ill disciplined men was cut to pieces. He soon after resigned his commission. In this defeat St. Clair's loss was about 600 men. The savages were greatly emboldened by their successes, and it was soon found that more vigorous measures were necessary. The Indians continued to commit outrages against the infant settlements. In some cases, doubtless, the whites were the aggressors, for Washington in his annual mes sage of November 6, 1792, recommended more adequate measures "for re straining the commission of outrages upon the Indians, without which all pacific plans must prove nugatory." Attempts were made to treat with the Indians, but the attempted negotiations proved unsuccessful. After the unsuccessful and disastrous campaigns of Generals Harmar and St. Clair, General Anthony Wayne, who had won distinguished laurels in the war of the Revolution, was, in April, 1792, promoted to the rank of major general, and made commander-in-chief in the war against the western Indians. In August, 1794, he gained a signal victory over the Miamis, near the rapids . of the Maumee, and compelled them to sue for peace. In the same year a fort was erected by his order on the site of the old "Twightwee Village" of the Miami tribe, where the city of Fort Wayne is now located. It continued to be a military post until 1819. THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 35 After his successful campaign of 1794, Gen. Wayne was appointed sole commissioner to treat with the Indians, and also to take possession of the forts still held by the British in the Northwest. He negotiated the treaty of Greenville which was signed by all the principal chiefs of the Northwest. By this treaty the Indians relinquished their title to a large tract of country. That characteristic determination which, during the war of the Revolution, had gained him the sobriquet of "Mad Anthony," impressed the hostile tribes with a dread of him which operated as a wholesome restraint. Gen. Wayne also took possession of the British posts in the Northwest, which were peaceably surrendered,, in accordance with Jay's treaty, and from this time there was assurance of peace on the frontier. He died in the garrison at Presque Isle (Erie), Pa., December 14, 1796. From the date of Wayne's victory up to 1809 the whites maintained com paratively peaceable relations with the Indians. During this year, Gen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, entered into a treaty with the Delawares, Kickapoos, Pottawattamies, Miamis, Eel River Indians and Weas, in which these tribes relinquished their title to certain lands on the Wabash river. About this time the noted chief Tecumseh comes into prom inence as the bitter opponent of any more grants of land beyig made to the whites. Tecumseh was a chief of the Shawnees, born on the Scioto river near Chillicothe, about the, year 1770. It was said that he was one of three brothers who were triplets. The other two brothers were named Kum- shaka and Elskwatawa. Kumshaka is believed to have died while young, but Elskwatawa became the Prophet who co-operated with the chief in all his plans* His father, Puckeshinwa, had risen to the rank of chief, but was killed at the battle of Point Pleasant, in 1774. In 1795 Tecumseh was de clared chief at or near where Urbana, Ohio, is now located. In 1798 he went to White river, Indiana, and his brother, the Prophet, to a tract of land on the Wabash. Tecumseh, by reason of his oratory, had great influ ence over the savage tribes, and his plan was to unite all of them against the whites in a conspiracy, similar to that of Pontiac nearly half a century before. For this purpose he visited all the tribes west to the Mississippi, and upon Lakes Superior, Huron, and Michigan. . At the same time his brother, the Prophet, pretended to be directed by the Great Spirit to preach against the influence and encroachments of the white men. Their efforts to incite the Indians to hostilities were successful, and they gathered a large force of war riors, making their headquarters at a stream they called Tippecanoe, near the Wabash1 river. Meantime Gov. Harrison was watching the movements of the Indians, and being convinced of the existence of Tecumseh's grand conspiracy, had prepared to defend the settlements. In August, 1810, Tecumseh went to Vincennes to confer with the Governor in relation to the grievances of the Indians, but demeaned himself in such an angry manner that he was dis missed from the village. He returned to complete his plans for the conflict. Tecumseh delayed his intended attack, but in the meantime he was gather ing strength to his cause, and by the autumn of 1811 had a force of several hundred warriors at his encampment on the little river called by the Indians Keth-tip-pe-oe-nunTc, or Tippecanoe. Harrison, with a force of eight hun dred men, partly regulars and partly volunteers, determined to move upon the Prophet's town, as it was called. He encamped near the village early in October, and on the night of the 5th of November his camp was furiously 36 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. ' but unsuccessfully attacked. On the morning of the 7th he was again attacked by a large body of the Indians, but Tecumseh's warriors were completely routed, but not without a severe and hotly contested battle, and the loss of about 200 of Harrison's men. President Madison, in a special message to Congress of December 12, 1811, speaking of this engagement, says: "While it is deeply lamented that so many valuable lives have been lost in the action which took place on the seventh ultimo, Congress will see with satisfaction the dauntless spirit and fortitude victoriously displayed by every description of the troops engaged, as well as the collected firmness which distinguished their commander on an occasion requiring the utmost exer tions of valor and discipline. It may reasonably be expected that the good effects of this critical defeat and dispersion of a combination of savages, which appears to have been spreading to a greater extent, will be experi enced, not only in the cessation of murders and depredations committed on our frontier, but in the prevention of any hostile excursions otherwise to have been apprehended." The result of the battle of Tippecanoe utterly ruined the plans of Tecum- seh, for his arrangements with the different tribes were not yet matureitf He was greatly exasperated toward the Prophet for precipitating the war. Had Tecumseh himself been present it is likely the attack would not have been made. The defeated Indians were at first inclined to sue for peace, but Tecumseh was not yet conquered. The breaking out of the war with Great Britain at this time inspired him with new hope, and his next endeavor was to form an alliance with the English. In this he succeeded, and was ap pointed a brigadier general. He was entrusted with the command of all the Indians who co-operated with the English in the campaigns of 1812-13, and was in several important engagements. After the surrender of Detroit by Gen. Hull, August 18, 1812, Har rison was appointed to the command of the Northwestern frontier, with a commission as brigadier general. As this was in September, too late in the season for a campaign, he did not assume active operations until the next year, by which time he was promoted to the rank of major general. After Commodore Perry won his signal victory on Lake Erie in September, 1813, Harrison hastened with his command to capture Maiden. On arriving there late in, September he found that Proctor, the British general, had retreated. About the same time Gen. McArthur took possession of Detroit and the Territory of Michigan. Pursuing the British army into the interior of Can ada West, Harrison overtook Proctor at the Moravian settlements, on the , river Thames, on the 5th of October. The British general had an auxiliary! force of two thousand Indians under the command of Tecumseh. The battle* was opened by the American cavalry under the command of Col. Richard M. Johnson, afterward vice-president of the United States. Early in the engagement Tecumseh was killed at the head of his column of Indians, who, no longer hearing the voice of their chief, fled in confusion. It has been . claimed by some authorities that this celebrated chief was killed by Col. Johnson, who fired at him with a pistol. This, however, will remain one of the unsolved problems of history. The result of the battle was a com plete victory for the Americans, with the capture of 600 prisoners, six pieces of cannon, and a large quantity of army stores. This decisive victory over the combined forces of the British and Indians practically closed the war in the Northwest, and as a consequence peace THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 37 with the Indian tribes soon followed. Other treaties were negotiated with the Indians by which they gave up their title to additional large tracts of territory. The settlement of the country progressed rapidly, and again an era of apparent good will prevailed between the whites and Indians. By the end of the year 1817, the Indian title, with some moderate reservations, had been extinguished to the whole of the land within the State of Ohio, to a great part of that in Michigan Territory, and in the State of Indiana. In 1817 Gov. Cass, of Michigan, in conjunction with Gov. McArthur, of Ohio, obtained a cession of most of the remaining lands in Ohio with some adjoin ing tracts in Indiana and Michigan, amounting in all to about 4,000,000 of acres, and in 1819 Gov. Cass met the Chippewas at Saginaw and obtained a cession of lands in the peninsula of Michigan to the extent of about 6,000,000 of acres. The next year a treaty was made at Chicago, then nothing but a military post, called Fort Dearborn, with the Chippewas, Ottawas and Potta- wattamies, by which a large additional tract was obtained, which completed the extinguishment of the Indian title to the peninsula of Michigan south of the Grand river. By 1820 a number of military posts were established far in the interior, and among them was one at Belle Point on the Arkansas, at Council Bluffs on the Missouri, at St. Peters on the Mississippi, and at Green Bay on the upper lakes. During the month of June, 1823, Gen. Ashley and his party, who were trading under a license from the government, were attacked by the Ricarees while trading with the Indians at their request. Several of the party were killed and wounded, and their property taken or destroyed. Col. Leaven worth, who commanded Fort Atkinson at Council .Bluffs, then the most western post, took immediate measures to check this hostile spirit of the Ricarees, fearing that it might extend to other tribes in that quarter and endanger the lives of traders on the Missouri. With a detachment of the regiment stationed at Council Bluffs, he successfully attacked the Rica- ree village. The hostile spirit, however, still continued and extended to the tribes on the upper Mississippi and the upper lakes. Several parties of citizens were plundered and murdered by those tribes during the year 1824. An act of Congress of May 25th of this year, made an appropriation to de fray the expenses of making treaties of trade and friendship with1 the tribes west of the Mississippi, and another act of March 3, 1825, provided for the expense of treaties with the Sioux, Chippewas, Menomonees, Sacs and Foxes, and other tribes, and also for establishing boundaries and promoting peace between them. These objects were in the main accomplished, and by the treaties made the government secured large acquisitions of territory. Gov. Cass, in conjunction with Gov. Clark, of Missouri, attended a grand council of the tribes this year at Prairie du Chi en to carry out the purposes of the act of Congress last mentioned. During his continuance in office as Gov ernor of Michigan Territory, Gov. Cass made, or participated in the making of nineteen treaties with the Indians, and by them acquired lands in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, to an amount equal to one-fourth of the entire area of those States. During the summer of 1827, when the commissioners appointed to carry into execution certain provisions of a treaty, made August 19th, 1825, with various northwestern tribes, were about to arrive at the appointed place of meeting, several citizens were murdered, and other acts of hostility were com mitted, especially against the miners at Fever river, near Galena, by a party 38 THE NOETHWEST TEBEITOEY-. of the Winnebago tribe, which tribe was one of those associated in the treaty. To quell these outrages the governors of the State of Illinois and the Territory of Michigan, made levies of militia. These forces, with a corps of seven hundred United States troops, under the command of General Atkinson, repaired to the scene of danger. The Indians, overawed by the ap pearance of the military, surrendered the perpetrators of the murders, and gave assurances of future good behavior. For many years it had been the policy of the government to obtain a re linquishment of the title of the Indians to all lands within the limits of the States, and as rapidly as possible cause the removal of the tribes to territory beyond the Mississippi. In 1830 the Chickasaws and Choctaws, occupying portions of the States of Alabama and Mississippi, agreed to remove, and in due time carried out their agreement in good faith. The same year a treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes, by which they agreed to cede their lands to the United States, and remove beyond the Mississippi. The prin cipal village of these united tribes was located at the mouth of Rock river, on the east side of the Mississippi, near where the city of Rock Island now stands. Here had been an Indian village, according to tradition, for one hundred and fifty years. These tribes had owned and occupied the country bordering on the Mississippi, to an extent of seven hundred miles, from the mouth oi the Wisconsin almost to the mouth of the Missouri. The Indians did not seem disposed to comply promptly with the terms of the treaty, and one band, under the noted chief Black Hawk {M'a-ha-tai-me-she-hia-kiak\ evinced a determination to keep possession of their old village. John Rey nolds, Governor of Illinois, construed their continued residence in the ceded territory as an invasion of the State, and under his authority to protect the State from invasion, ordered out seven hundred militia to force their re moval, according to the treaty. This interference of the governor of Illi nois with the duties belonging to the Federal Government, obliged the com mander of United States troops in that quarter to co-operate with him, in order to prevent a collision between the State militia and the Indians. Fort Armstrong, on Rock Island, had been established as early as 1816, and when the Black Hawk trouble commenced, was in command of Gen. Atkinson. The Indians were overawed by this imposing military force, and yielding to necessity, crossed the Mississippi. Black Hawk, feeling exasperated at the harsh treatment his people had received, resolved to prosecute a predatory war against the white settlements. He united his band of Sacs and Foxes with the Winnebagoes, under the command of the Prophet Wabo-ki-e-shiek (White Cloud), and in March, 1832, recrossed to the east side of the Missis sippi. They murdered a number of defenseless families, and committed many outrages upon the settlers. The whole frontier became alarmed, and many of the settlers fled for safety. The governor of Illinois ordered out the State militia, which being joined by four hundred regular troops, con stituted a force of about one thousand, under the command of Gen. Atkh* son. They pursued the Indians, and after a campaign of about two monthsj during which two engagements were fought, the war was brought to an end. The last, and the decisive battle of the war, is known in history as the bat tle of Bad Axe, being fought on a small tributary of the Wisconsin of that name. This battle took place August 2d, 1832, and the force against Black Hawk was commanded by Gen. Henry Dodge, of Wisconsin. The Indians lost forty of their braves, and Gen. Dodge one. The Indians made but little THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 39 further resistance, and Black Hawk's "British Band)" as it was styled, be came demoralized and fled. They reached the Mississippi and were making preparations for crossing when they were checked by the captain of the steamboat "Warrior," who discharged a six-pounder at them, although they had displayed a flag of truce. The next morning Gen. Atkinson arrived with his army, and made an attack, which the Indians were now powerless to resist. Black Hawk escaped, but was taken by some treacherous Winne- bagoes, and delivered along with the Prophet, on the 27th of August, to Gen. Street, at Prairie du Chien. Two of Black Hawk's sons, the Prophet and other leaders, were also taken, and by order of the government were con veyed through the principal cities and towns on the seaboard, in order that they might be impressed with the greatness and power of the United States. For some time Black Hawk was 'held as a captive, and then through the in tercession of Keokuk, who had been opposed to the war, and had not par ticipated in the hostilities, he was allowed to return to Rock Island, and per mitted to join his people. Treaties were made with the offending tribes by which they agreed to compensate for the expense of the war, by ceding a valuable part of their territory on the west side of the Mississippi, and to immediately remove from the east side. The United States stipulated to pay to the three tribes annually, thirty thousand dollars for twenty-seven years, and also to make other provisions for their improvement. By this treaty the United States acquired the first territory in Iowa which was opened to settlement. It is what is known as the " Black Hawk Purchase," and embraced a strip of territory extending from the northern boundary of Missouri to the mouth of the Upper Iowa.river, about fifty miles in width, and embracing an area of about six millions of acres. This treaty was made on the 21st day of September, 1832, at a council held on the west bank of the Mississippi river, where the city of Davenport now stands. Gen. Win- field Scott and Gov. John Reynolds, of Illinois, represented the United States, and on the part of the Indians there were present Keokuk, Pashe- paho, and about thirty other chiefs and warriors of the Sac and Fox nation. Within the limits of this purchase was reserved a tract of 400 square miles, situated on Iowa river, and including Keokuk's village. This .tract was known as " Keokuk's Reserve," and was occupied by the Indians until 1836. when it was ceded to the United States. This treaty was negotiated by Gov. Henry Dodge, of Wisconsin Territory, and on the part of the Indians Keo kuk was the leading spirit. This council was also held on the banks of the Mississippi, near the site of the present city of Davenport. The treaty stip ulated for the removal of the Indians to another reservation on the Des Moines river. On this an agency was established, where the present town of Agency City, in Wapello county, is located. Out of the " Black Hawk Purchase " was conveyed to Antoine Le Claire, who was interpreter, and whose wife was an Indian, one section of land opposite Rock Island, and another at the head of the first rapids above the Island. General Joseph M. Street, the agent with the Winnebagoes at Prairie du Chien, was transferred to the Sac and Fox agency on the Des Moines river, and in 1838 took measures for building and making the necessary improve ments. In April, of the next year, he removed with his family from Prairie du Chien. His health soon began to fail, and on the 5th of May, 1840, Gen. Street died. Wapello, a prominent chief of the Sac and Fox nation, died in 1842. His remains were interred near those of Gen. Steeet. The stone slabs placed over their graves soon after, are inscribed as follows: 3 40 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. In Memoey OF GEN. JOSEPH M. STREET, Son of Anthony and Motty Street. Born Oct. 18th, 1782, m VirgvnAa; Died at the Sao and Fox Agency, May 5th, 181fi. , In Memoey of WA-PEL-LO, Born at ' Prawie du Chien, 1787 : Died near the Forks of Skunk, March 15th, 181$ — Sac and Fox Nation. Wapello had requested that at his death his remains be interred near those of Gen. Street. After the death of Gen. Street, Maj. John Beach, his son-in-law, received the appointment as agent for the Sacs and Foxes, and filled the position to the satisfaction of the government. Major Beach was born at Gloucester, Massachusetts, Feb. 23d, 1812. After a course of study at Portsmouth Academy, in New Hampshire, he received at the age of sixteen, the appoint ment of cadet at the West Point Military Academy, graduating in the class of 1832. Receiving his commission as Second Lieutenant by brevet in the First U. S. Infantry, of which Zachary Taylor was then colonel, he was or dered to duty on the frontier, and was alternately stationed at Fort Arm strong, Fort Crawford, Prairie du Chien, and Jefferson Barracks, near St. Louis. His hearing having partially failed, in 1838, he resigned his com mission in the army, and was, at the time of his appointment as Indian agent, engaged in the U. S. Land Office at Dubuque. He remained at Agency Qity, engaged in mercantile and literary pursuits until his death which occurred August 31st, 1874. ' At the time of Gen. Street's death, the Indians were occupying their res ervation with their permanent, or spring and summer villages, as follows: Upon the banks of the Des Moines, opposite the mouth of Sugar Creek, was the village of Keokuk, and above were those of Wapello and Appa-' noose. The village of Hardfish, or Wish-e-co-me-que, as it is in the Indian tongue, was located in what is now the heart of Eddyville, where J. P. Eddy was licensed by Maj. Beach, the agent, in the summer of 1840, to establish a trading post. Not far from the "Forks of Skunk" was a small village presided over by Kish-ke-kosh, who, though not a chief,. was a man of con siderable influence. Poweshiek, a Fox chief of equal rank with Wapell0j>;; still had a village on the bank of Iowa river. ,? It has been remarked above that Keokuk, who was the chief next in au thority and influence to Black Hawk, was opposed to the war against the whites, and persistently refused to take part in the hostilities. When Black Hawk's attempt to defy the power of the United States resulted so disas trously to the Indians, and they were obliged to cede still more territory, his influence among his people declined, and that of Keokuk increased. Black Hawk, however, retained a party of adherents, and for some time a THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 41 sort of rivalry existed between the two chiefs, and this feeling was shared to some extent by their respective friends in the tribes. An incident is rela ted by Maj. Beach to show how the traders were ready to take advantage of this state of things for their own mercenary purposes. When Gen.Harrison became President in 1841, John Chambers, an ex- congressman of Kentucky, was appointed Governor of the Territory, suc ceeding Gov. Robert Lucas. The governor was ex-officio superintendent over the Indians and their agencies. Gov. Lucas had favored the Black Hawk band, whose chief was Hardfish. Accordingly when the new gov ernor was appointed, both Keokuk and Hardfish felt that it would be some thing of an object to gain his favor. The latter desired the new governor to pursue the policy of his predecessor, while Keokuk wished at least an impartial course. Keokuk requested the consent of the agent for him and his principal men to visit the governor at Burlington. As it was the policy of the government to discountenance such pilgrimages of the Indians, Maj. Beach suggested that .Gov. Chambers might see proper to visit them at the agency. With this expectation Keokuk chose to wait. The Hardfish band, under the influence of some of the traders, were less patient. They hast ened to Burlington in a large body, and on their arrival encamped near the town, sending to the governor a written notice of their presence, and a request for supplies. The governor answered, declining to accede to their request, or to hold a council with them. 'Hardfish and his men returned over their weary journey of seventy miles to the agency, very much dis appointed. In the meantime the governor communicated with Major Beach, informing him that he would visit the agency soon, and requesting him to use his influence to prevent the Indians from making incursions through the white settlements. When the governor fixed his time to be present, the bands were all informed, and it was arranged that a grand coun cil should be held. When the day arrived all the Indians, except the Pow eshiek band of Foxes, who were so far away on the Iowa river, were en camped within a convenient distance from the agency. Long before the hour fixed for the meeting, the Hardfish party, arrayed in all their toggery, and displaying their richest ornaments, came in grand procession upon the ground. Having dismounted from their ponies, they formed in file on foot and marched into the agency headquarters, where the governor was to receive them. Hardfish and some of his principal men shook hands with the gov ernor and then sat down. The reader will remember that at this time the natiCn was in mourning for the sudden loss of a President by death, and that Gov. Chambers had been one of the warmest and most devoted friends of Gen. Harrison, a fact of which Keokuk was fully advised. Chambers had been aid-de-camp to Gen. Harrison in the war of 1812, and they had ever after been as father and son. Keokuk was shrewd enough to make the most of this. The appointed hour for the meeting had passed, and the governor began to become impatient for the appearance of Keokuk. At last the sounds of the approaching bands were heard faintly floating upon the breeze. After a time the procession marched with slow and solemn tread into view, not ar rayed in gaudy feathers, ribbons and trinkets, like the Hardfish band, but with lances and staves wrapped around with wilted grass. t No sound of bells responded to the tramp of their ponies, and instead of being painted in vermillion, their faces presented the sombre hues produced by a kind of clay they were wont to use on occasions of solemnity or mourning. Their 42 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. appearace betokened sadness and affliction. Mr. Josiah Smart, the interpre ter, informed Gov. Chambers that this was a funeral march, and that some one of their principal men must have died during the night. Even Hard fish and his men were at a loss to account for what they saw, aud wondered who could have died. At last Keokuk and his men dismounted and filed slowly and solemnly into the presence of the governor. Keokuk signed to the interpreter, and said : " Say to our new father that before I take his hand, I will explain to him what all this means. We were told not long ago that our Great Father was dead. We had heard of him as a great war chief, who had passed much of his life among the red men and knew their wants, and we believed that we would always have friendship and justice at his hands. His death has made us very sad, and as this is our first opportunity, we thought it would be wrong if we did not use it, to show that the hearts of his red children, as well as his white, know how to mourn over their great loss ; and we had to keep our father waiting while we performed that part ,of our mourning that we must always attend to before we leave our lodges with our dead." At the conclusion of this speech, Keokuk steppped forward and extended his hand. The hearty grasp of the governor showed that the wily chief had touched the proper cord. The result was, that the Hardfish band received no special favors after that, at the expense of the other bands. SKETCHES OF BLACK HAWK AND OTHER CHIEFS. Black Hawk — Treaty of 1804 — Black Hawk's account of the Treaty — Lieut. Pike— Ft. Ed wards— Ft. Madison — Black Hawk and the British — Keokuk recognized as Chief— Ft. Armstrong— Sac and Fox Villages— Black Hawk's ''British Band" — Black Hawk War- Black Hawk's old age — His death in Iowa — His remains carried away, but recovered— Keokuk — Appanoose — Wapello — Poweshiek — Pash-e-pa-ho — Wish-e-co-ma-que — Chas- chun-ca — Mau-haw-gaw— Ma-has-kah — Si-dom-i-na-do-tah — Henry Lott — A Tragedy in Humboldt County— fnk-pa-du-tah— Spirit Lake Massacre— Expedition from Ft. Dodge- Death of Capt. Johnston and William Burkholder. BLACK HAWK. This renowned chief, the "noblest Roman of them all," was born at the Sac village on Rock river, about the year 1767. His first introduction to the notice of the whites seems to have been in 1804, when William Henry Harrison, then the Governor of Indiana Territory, concluded his treaty with the Sac and Fox nation for the lands bordering on Rock river. Black Hawk was then simply a chief, though not by election or inheritance, of his own band of Sac warriors, but from that time he was the most prominent man in the Sac and Fox nation. He 'considered the action of the four chiefs who represented the Indians in making this treaty as unjust and refused to con sider it binding. The territory ceded embraced over fifty-one millions of acres, extending almost from opposite St. Louis to the Wisconsin river. He claimed that the chiefs or braves who made the treaty had no authority to make it, and that they had been sent to St. Louis, where the treaty .was negotiated, for quite a different purpose, namely: to procure the release of one of their people who was held there as a prisoner on charge of killing *. white man. The United States regarded this treaty as a bona fide transac-' tion, claiming that the lands were sold by responsible men of the tribes, and that it was further ratified by a part of the tribes with Gov. Edwards and THE NOETHWEST TEEETTOBY. 43 Auguste Choteau, in September, 1815, and again with the same commis sioners in 1816. They claimed that the Indians were only to occupy the lands at the Sac village on Rock river until they were surveyed and sold by the government, when they were to vacate them. The treaty of St. Louis was sighed by five chiefs instead of four, although Black Hawk claimed that the latter number only were sent to St. Louis for a different purpose. One of these was Pash-e-pa-ho, a head chief among the Sacs. Black Hawk him self thus describes the return of the chiefs to Rock Island after the treaty: " Quash-qua-me and party remained a long time absent. They at length returned, and encamped a short distance below the village, but did not come up that day, nor did any person approach their camp. They appeared to be dressed in fine coats, andnad medals. From these circumstances we were in hopes that they had brought good news. Early the next morning the council lodge was crowded. Quash-qua-me came up and said that on their arrival in St. Louis they met their American father, and explained to him their business, and urged the release of their friend. The American chief told them he wanted laud, and that they had agreed to give him some on the west side of the Mississippi, and some on the Illinois siae, opposite the Jeffreon; that when the business was all arranged, they expected their friend released to come home with them. But about the time they were ready to start, their friend was let out of prison,, who ran a short distance, and was shot dead! This was all myself or nation knew of the treaty of 1804. It has been explained to me since. I find, by. that treaty, that all our country east of the Mississippi, and stuth of the Jeffreon, was ceded to the United States for one thousand dollars a year!" The treaty was doubtless made in good faith on the part of the commis sioners, and with the full conviction that it was by authority of the tribes. From this time forward Black Hawk seems to have entertained a distrust of the Americans. Although Spain had ceded the country west of the Mississippi to France in 1801, the former power still held possession until its transfer to the United States by France. Black Hawk and his band were at St. Louis at this time, and he was invited to be present at the ceremonies connected with the change of authorities. He refused the invitation; and in giving an account of the transaction, said: " I found many sad and gloomy faces, because the United States were about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the Americans came, I took my band and went to take leave of our Spanish father. The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them approach, we passed out of one door as they entered another, and immediately started in our canoes for our village on Rock river, not liking the change any more than our friends appeared to at St. Louis. On arriving at our village, we gave the news that strange people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our Spanish' father again. The information made all our people sorry." In August, 1805, Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike ascended the river from St. Louis, for the purpose of holding councils with the Indians, and selecting sites for military posts within the country recently acquired from .France. At the mouth of Rock river he had a personal interview with Black Hawk, the latter being favorably impressed with the young lieutenant. Speaking of this interview, Black Hawk himself said: "A boat came up the river with a young American chief, and a small party of soldiers. We heard of them soon after they passed Salt river. 44 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. Some of our young braves watched them every day, to see what sort of peo ple he had on board. The boat at length arrived at Rock Island, and the young chief came on shore with his interpreter, and made a speech, and gave us some presents. We, in turn, presented them with meat and such other provisions as we had to spare. We were well pleased with the young chief. He gave us good advice, and said our American father would treat us well." Lieut. Pike's expedition was soon followed by the erection of Fort Ed wards and Fort Madison, the former on the site of the present town of Warsaw, Illinois, and the latter on the site of the present town of Fort Madison, Iowa. When these forts were being erected, the Indians sent down delegations, headed by some of their chiefs, to have an interview with the Americans. Those who visited Fort Edwards returned apparently satisfied with what was being done. The erection of Fort Madison they claimed was a violation of the treaty of 1804. In that treaty the United States had, agreed that if " any white persons should form a settlement on their lands, such intruders should forthwith be removed." Fort Madison was erected within the territory reserved for the Indians, and this they considered an intru sion. Some time afterward a party under the leadership of Black Hawk and Pash-e-pa-ho attempted its destruction. They sent spies to watch the movements of the garrison. Five soldiers who came out were fired upon by the Indians, and two of the soldiers were killed. They kept up the attack for several days. Their efforts to destroy the fort being unsuccessful, they returned to Rock river. » When the war of 1812 broke out, Black Hawk and his band allied them selves with the British, which was the origin of his party, at a later date, being known as the "British Band." In narrating the circumstances which induced him to join the British, he says: " Several of the chiefs and head men of the Sacs and Foxes were called upon to go to Washington to see the Great Father. On their return they related what had been said and done. They said the Great Father wished them, in the event of a war taking place with England, not to interfere on either side, but to remain neutral. He did not want our help, but wished us to hunt and support our families and live in peace. He said that British traders would not be permitted to come on the Mississippi to furnish us with goods, but that we should be supplied by an American trader. Our chiefs then told him that the British traders always gave them credit in the fall for guns, powder and goods to enable us to hunt and clothe our families. He replied that the trader at Fort Madison would have plenty of goods; that we should go there in the fall, and he would supply us on credit, as the British traders had done." According to Black Hawk, this proposition pleased his people, and they went to Fort Madison to receive their promised outfit for the winter's hunt, but notwithstanding the promise of the Great Father, at Washington, the trader would not give them credit. In reference to their disappointment, Black Hawk says: "Few of us slept that night; all was gloom and discontent. In the morn ing a canoe was seen descending the river; it soon arrived, bearing an ex press, who brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Rock Island, with two boats loaded with goods, and requested us to come up im mediately, because he had good news for us, and a variety of presents. The express presented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 45 through our camp like fire on a prairie. Our lodges were soon taken down, and all started for Rock Island. Here ended all hopes of our remaining at peace, having been forced into the war by being deceived." Black Hawk and his band then espoused the cause of the British, who, as in the case of Tecumseh, gave him the title of " Gen. Black Hawk." But a large portion of the Sacs and Foxes, at the head of whom was Keokuk, chose to remain neutral, as well as to abide by the treaty of 1804. Of this party Keokuk was the recognized chief. The nation was divided into the " war party " and " peace party." Black Hawk maintained his fidelity to the British until the end of the war, and wa"s the intimate friend and sup porter of Tecumseh, until the death of the latter at the battle of the Thames. At the close of the war of 1812, Black Hawk returned to his village on Rock river, to find Keokuk still the friend of the Americans, and the recog nized war chief of that portion of the Sac and Fox nation which had re mained neutral. As stated elsewhere, a new treaty was concluded in Sep tember, 1815, in which, among other matters, the treaty of St. Louis was rati fied. This treaty was not signed by Black Hawk, or any one representing his band, but was signed by chiefs of both the Sacs and Foxes,who were fully author ized to do so. This treaty was held at Portage des Sioux,and was a result of the war of 1812, with England. In May, 1816, another treaty was held at St. Louis, in which the St. Louis treaty of 1804 was recognized. This treaty was signed by Black Hawk and twenty other chiefs and braves. The same year Fort Armstrong was erected upon Rock Island, a proceeding very dis tasteful to the Indians. Of this Black Hawk says: "We did not, however, object to their building the fort on the island, but we were very sorry, as this was the best island on the Mississippi, and had long been the resort of our young people during the summer. It was our gar den, like the white people have near their big villages, which supplied us with strawberries, blackberries, plums, apples and nuts of various kinds; and its waters supplied us with pure fish, being situated in the rapids of the river. In my early life, I spent many happy days on this island. A good spirit had care of it, who lived in a cave in the rocks, immediately under the place, where the fort now stands, and has often been seen by our people. He was white, with large wings like a swan's, but ten times larger. We were particular not to make much noise in that part of the island which he inhabited, for fear of disturbing him. But the noise of the fort has since driven him away, and no doubt a bad spirit has since taken his place." The expedition which was sent up the river to erect a fort at or near Rock Island, consisted at first of the Eighth United States^ Infantry, and started from St. Louis in September, 1815, under the command Col. R. C. Nichols. They reached the mouth of the Des Moines, where they wintered. In April, 1816, Gen. Thomas A. Smith arrived and took command of the expedition. They reached Rock Island on the 10th of May, and, after a careful exami nation, the site for the fort was selected. The regiment being left under the command of Col. Lawrence, the work on the fort immediately commenced. It was named in honor of John Armstrong of New York, who had recently been Secretary of War. After the establishment of the fort and garrison at Rock Island settlements began to be made at and near the mouth of Rock river, on the east side of the Mississippi. Keokuk, as the head chief of the Foxes, with his tribe, in accord ance with the treaties they had made with the United States, left in 1828 and established themselves on Iowa river, but Black Hawk and his "British 46 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. Band" of about 500 warriors remained in their village and persistently refused to leave. The settlers began to complain of frequent depredations at the hands of Black Hawk's people, and feared that the neighboring tribes of Kickapoos, Pottawattamies, and Winnebagoes, might be induced to join Black Hawk in a war of extermination. Finally, in the spring of 1831, Black Hawk warned the settlers to leave. These troubles culminated in the " Black Hawk War," and the final capture of the chief and some of his prin cipal men, as related elsewhere. The (Black Hawk War ended hostilities with the Indians at or near Rock Island. A garrison, however, was main tained there until 1836, when the troops were sent to Fort Snelling. The fort was left in charge of Lieut. John Beach, with a few men to take care of the property. After his capture, Black Hawk and several of his principal men were taken to Jefferson Barracks, where they were kept until the the spring of 1833. They were then sent to Washington, where they arrived on the 22d of April, and on the 26th were confined in Fortress Monroe. On the 4th of June, 1833, they were set at liberty by order of the government and per mitted to return to their own country. In the fall of 1837 Black Hawk, accompanied by Keokuk, Wapello, Powe shiek, and some forty of the principal chiefs and braves of the Sac and Fox nations, again visited Washington, in charge of Col. George Davenport, who by his influence with the Indians assisted the government in making another large purchase of territory in Iowa. This tract adjoined the " Black Hawk Purchase," and embraced 1,250,000 acres. After Black Hawk's release from captivity in 1833, he seemed unwilling to reside in any of the villages of the tribe. His band was broken up and dispersed, as stipulated in the treaty of peace, and he seemed to seek seclu sion from his people. While the garrison remained at Rock Island, he usually lived near it, and often put up his wigwam close to the fort, where his vision could take in the beautiful country on the east bank of the Missis sippi, which had been his home for more than half a century. But the time came when he must go with his people to the new reservation on the banks of the Des Moines. He was then in the waning years of his life, and the other chiefs of the nation seemed disposed to pay him but little attention. His family consisted of his wife, two sons and one daughter. He established his lodge on the east bank of .the Des Moines, about three miles below the site of the present town of Eldon. Gen. Street presented the family with a cow, which was a piece of property whioh exacted much solicitude and care at the hands of Madame Black Hawk. His lodge was near the trading post of Wharton McPherson ; and James Jordan, who was also at that time con nected with the post, had his cabin within a few rods of Black Hawk's lodge. This was in the summer of 1838, and the old chief who had defied the power of the United States and caused the expenditure of millions of treasure to subdue him, was nearing his departure for a final remove beyond the power of earthly governments. Near his lodge, on the bank of the river, stood a large elm tree, with its spreading branches overhanging the stream, and flowing from its ro ots was a crystal spring of pure water. Here during the sultry summer days of that year Black Hawk was wont to repose and dream over the years of his former greatness and the wrongs that his people had suffered. At last, on, the 3d of October, 1838, death came to his relief, and, according to the Indian idea, his spirit passed away to the happy hunt ing grounds. THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 47 The remains of Black Hawk were interred by his family and friends near his cabin on the prairie, a short distance above the old town of Iowaville. The body was placed on a board, or slab, set up in an inclining position, with the feet extending into the ground some fifteen inches and the head elevated above the surface some three feet or more. This was enclosed by placing slabs around it with the ends resting on the ground and meeting at the top, forming a kind of vault. The whole was then covered with dirt and neatly sodded. At the head of the grave was placed a flag-staff thirty feet high, from which floated the American flag until it was worn out by the wind. Interred with the body were a number of his prized and long-treasured relics, including a military suit presented by Jackson's cabinet; a sword pre sented by Jackson himself; a cane presented by Henry Clay, and another by a British officer; and three silver medals — one presented by Jackson, one by John Quincy Adams, and the other by citizens of Boston. Near the grave a large post was set in the ground, on which were inscribed in Indian characters, emblems commemorating many of his heroic deeds. The gave and flag-staff were enclosed by a rude picket fence in circular form. ere the body remained until July, 1839, when it disappeared. On com plaint being made by Black Hawk's family, the matter was investigated, and it was finally traced to one Dr. Turner, who then resided at a place called Lex ington, in Van Buren county. The remains had been taken to Illinois, but at the earnest request of Black Hawk's relatives, Gov. Lucas interposed and had them sent to Burlington. The sons were informed that the remains were in Burlington and went to that place to obtain them. While there it was suggested to them that if taken away they would only be stolen again, and they concluded to leave them where they thought they might be more safely preserved. They were finally placed in a museum in that city, and years after, with a large collection of other valuable relics, were destroyed by the burning of the building. In the meantime the relatives of the renowned chief removed westward with the rest of the tribe, and were finally lost to all knowledge of the white man. KEOKUK. Keokuk (Watchful Fox) belonged to the Sac branch of the nation, and was born on Rock river, in 1780. He was an orator, but was also entitled to rank as a warrior, for he possessed courage and energy, but at the same time a cool judgment. He had an intelligent appreciation of the power and greatness of1 the United States, and saw the futility of Black Hawk's hope to contend successfully against the government. In his first battle, while young, he had killed a Sioux, and for this he was honored with a feast by his tribe. At the beginning of the Black Hawk War an affair transpired which was dignified by the name of the '-'Battle of Stillman's Run," in which some three hundred volunteers under Maj. Stillman took prisoners five of Black Hawk's men who were approaching with a flag of truce. One of the prisoners was shot by Stillman's men. Black Hawk had also sent five other men to follow the bearers of the flag. The troops came upon these and killed two of them. The other three reached their camp and gave the alarm. Black Hawk's warriors then charged upon Stillman's advancing troops and completely routed them. This failure to respect the flag of truce so exasperated the Indians that it was with great difficulty that Keokuk could restrain his war riors from espousing the cause of Black Hawk. Stillman's defeat was fol- 48 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. lowed by a war-dance, in which Keokuk took part. After the dance he called a council of war, and made a speech in which he admitted the justice of their complaints. The blood of their brethren slain by the white men, while bearing a flag of truce, called loudly for vengeance. Said he: " I am your chief, and it is my duty to lead you to battle, if, after fully con sidering the matter, you are determined to go. But before you decide on taking this important step, it is wise to inquire into the chances of success. But if you do determine to go upon the war path, I will agree to lead you on one condition, viz. : that before we go we will kill all our old men and our wives and our children, to save them from a lingering death of starvation, and that every one of us determine to leave our homes on the other side of the Mississippi." Keokuk so forcibly portrayed in other parts of this speech the great power of the United States, and of the hopeless prospect before them, that his warriors at once abandoned all thought of joining Black Hawk. The name Keokuk signified Watchful Fox. As we have seen, he eventu ally superseded Black Hawk, and was recognized by the United States as the principal chief of the Sac and Fox nation, which, indeed, had much to do in stinging the pride of the imperious Black Hawk. In person he was strong, fraceful and commanding, with fine features and an intelligent countenance. [e excelled in horsemanship, dancing, and all athletic exercises. He was courageous and skillful in war, but mild and politic in peace. He had a son, a fine featured, promising boy, who died at Keokuk's village on the Des Moines. Keokuk himself became somewhat dissipated during the later years of his life in Iowa. It was reported that after his removal witnhis people to the Indian Territory west of the Mississippi, he died of delwmm tremens. Iowa has honored his memory in the name of one of her counties, and one of her principal cities. APPANOOSE. Appanoose was a chief who presided over a band of the Sacs. His name, in the language of that tribe, signified "A Chief When a Child," indicating that he inherited his position. It was said he was equal in rank with Keo kuk, but he did not possess the influence of the latter. He was one of the " peape chiefs " during the Black Hawk War. During the last occupation of Iowa soil by the Sacs and Foxes, Appanoose had his village near the site of the present city of Ottumwa. His people cultivated a portion of the ground on which that city is located. He was one of the delegation sent to^Washmg- ton in 1837, at which time he visited with the other chiefs the city of Boston, where they were invited to a meeting in Fanueil Hall. On that occasion he made the most animated speech, both in manner and matter, that was deliv ered by the chiefs. After Keokuk had spoken, Appanoose arose and said: " Tou have heard just now what my chief has to say. All our chiefs and warriors are very much gratified by our visit to this town. Last Saturday they were invited to a great house, and now they are in the great council- house. They are very much pleased with so much attention. This we can- - not reward you for now, but shall not forget it, and hope the Great Spirit will reward you for it. This is the place which our forefathers once inhabi ted. I have often heard my father and grandfather say they lived near tho sea-coast where the white man first came. I am glad to hear all this from you. I suppose it is put in a book, where you learn all these things. As far as I can understand the language of the white people, it appears to me THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 49 INDIANS TEYING A PEISONEE. 50 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. i that the Americans have attained a very high rank among the white people. It is the same with us, though I say it myself. Where we live beyond the Mississippi, I am respected by all people, and they consider me the tallest among them. I am happy that two great men meet and shake hands- with each other." As Appanoose concluded his speech, he suited the action to the word by extending his hand to Gov. Everett, amid the shouts of applause from the audience, who were not a little amused at the self-complacency of the orator. But few of the incidents in the life of this chief have passed into history. His name has been perpetuated in that of one of the Iowa counties. WAPELLO. Wapello, or Waupellow, was one of the minor chiefs of the Sac and Fox Nation. He was born at Prairie du Chien, in 1787. At the time of the erection of Fort Armstrong (1816) he presided over one of the three prin cipal villages in that vicinity. His village there was on the east side of the Mississippi, near the foot of Rock Island, and about three miles north of the famous Black Hawk village. In 1829 he removed his village to Musca tine Slough, and then to a place at or near where the town of Wapello, in Louisa county, is now located. Like Keokuk, he was in favor of abiding by the. requirements of the treaty of 1804, and opposed the hostilities in which Black Hawk engaged against the whites. He was one of the chiefs that visited Washington in 1837, and his name appears to several treaties relinquishing lands to the United States. He appears to have been a warm personal friend of Gen. Jos. M. Street, of the Sac and Fox agency, and made a request that at his death his remains be interred along side of those of Gen. Street, which request was complied with. He died near the Forks of Skunk river, March 15th, 1842, at the age of 55 years. His remains, with those of Gen. Street, repose near Agency City, in the county which honors his memory with its name. The two graves and the monuments have re cently been repaired by parties connected with the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, whose line passes within a few rods of them. POWESHIEK. Poweshiek was a chief of the same rank with Wapello, and near the same age. He also was one of the chiefs who visited Washington in 1837. When the greater portion of the Sac and Fox nation removed to the Des Moines river, he retained his village on the Iowa river, where he presided over what was known as the Musquawkie band of the Sacs and Foxes. In May, 1838, when Gen. Street organized a party to examine the new purchase made the fall before, with a view of selecting a site for the agency, the expedition was accompanied by about thirty braves, under the command of Poweshiek. At that time the Sacs and Foxes were at war with the Sioux, and after leav ing their reservation these men were very fearful that they might be sur prised and cut off by the Sioux. A small remnant of his band make their home on Iowa river, in Tama county, at this time. He also remained the friend of the whites during the Black Hawk war, and the people of Iowa have honored his memory by giving his name to one of their counties. THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 51 PASH-E-PA-HO. Pash-e-pa-ho, called also the Stabbing Chief, at the time of the treaty of 1804, and until after the Black Hawk war, was head chief among the Sacs. He was also present in St. Louis at the making of that treaty, and was even then well advanced in years. It has been related that he laid a plan to at tack Fort Madison, not long after its erection. His plan was to gain an entrance to the fort with concealed arms under their blankets, under a pre tense of holding a council. A squaw, however, had secretly conveyed intel ligence to the commandant of the garrison of the intended attack, so that the troops were in readiness for them. When Pash-e-pa-ho and his warriors ad vanced in a body toward the closed gate, it suddenly opened, revealing to the astonished savages a cannon in the passage-way, and the gunner stand ing with lighted torch in hand ready to fire. Pash-e-pa-ho deemed "discre tion the better part of valor ", and retreated. Some time after the plot against Fort Madison, Pash-e-pa-ho made an at tempt to obtain a lodgement in Fort Armstrong, though in quite a different way. Several of his braves had the year before, while out hunting, fell in with a party of their enemies, the Sioux, and had lifted several of their scalps. The Sioux complained of this outrage to the Department at Washington, and orders were issued demanding the surrender of the culprits. They were accordingly brought and retained as prisoners in Fort Armstrong, where they had comfortable quarters and plenty to eat during the winter. Having fared sumptuously for several months, without effort on their part, they were re leased on the payment of a small amount out of the annuities of their tribes, to the Sioux. The next fall Pash-e-pa-ho thought he might avoid the trouble of stocking his larder for the winter. So he voluntarily called on the com mandant of Fort Armstrong, and informed him that while on a recent hunt he had unfortunately met a Sioux, and had yielded to the temptation to get his scalp. He confessed that he had done a very wrongful act, and wished to save the Great Father at Washington the trouble of sending a letter or dering his arrest; therefore he would surrender himself as a prisoner. The commandant saw through his scheme to obtain comfortable quarters and good boarding for the winter, and so told him he was an honorable Indian, and that his voluntary offer to surrender himself was a sufficient guarantee that he would appear when sent for. That was the last that was heard of the matter. Pash-e-pa-ho was never sent for. During the first quarter of the present century the Sacs and Foxes were frequently at war with the lowas. The latter had one of their principal villa ges on the Des Moines river, near where Black Hawk died many years af terward. It was here that the last great battle was fought between these tribes. Pash-e-pa-ho was chief in command of the Sacs and Foxes. Black Hawk was also a prominent actor in this engagement, but was subject to his senior, Pash-e-pa-ho. Accounts conflict as to the date, but the eviden ces of the conflict were plainly visible as late as 1824. The Sacs and Foxes surprised the lowas while the latter were engaged in running their horses on the prairie, and therefore unprepared to defend themselves. The result was that Pash-e-pa-ho achieved a decisive victory over the lowas. Pash-e-pa-ho was among the chiefs present at the making of the treaty of 1832, when the " Black Hawk Purchase " was made. He was very much given to intemperate habits whenever he could obtain liquor, and it is prob- ble that, like Keokuk, he died a drunkard. 52 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. WISH-E-CO-MA-QTJE. Quite prominent among the Sacs and Foxes, after their removal to Iowa, was a man known by the name of Hardfish, or Wish-e-co-ma-que, as it is in the Indian tongue. He was not a chief, but a brave who rose al most to the prominence of a chief. He adhered to Black Hawk in his hos tility toward the whites, and when Black Hawk died, Hardfish became the leader of his band, composed mostly of those who had participated in the Black Hawk war. When the Sacs and Foxes occupied their reservation on the Des Moines river, Hardfish had his village where Eddyville is now lo cated. It was quite as respectable in size as any of the other villages of the Sacs and Foxes. Hardfish's band was composed of people from the Sac branch of the Sac and Fox nation. One John Goodell was the interpreter for this band. The name of Hardfish was quite familiar to the frontier settlers of Southeastern Iowa. CHOS-CHTJN-CA. When, in 1834, Gen. Henry Dodge made a treaty with the Winnebagoes for the country occupied by them in Wisconsin, they were transferred to a strip of land extending west from the Mississippi, opposite Prairie du Chien, to the Des Moines river, being a tract forty miles in width. The chief of the Winnebagoes at that time was Chos-chun-ca, or Big Wave. Soon after their removal to this reservation they were visited by Willard Barrows, one of the pioneers of Davenport, who had an interview with Chos-chun-ca. He found him clothed in a buffalo overcoat, and wearing a high crowned hat. His nose was surmounted by a pair of green spectacles. Mr. Barrows held his interview with the chief just south of the lower boundary of the reservation. Chos-chun-ca was quite reticent as to the affairs of his people, and refused permission to Mr. Barrows to explore the Winnebago reserva tion, being impressed with the idea, that the whites had sent him to seek out all the fine country, and that if their lands were found desirable, then the Indians would be compelled to remove again. Mr. Barrows, however, with out the chief's permission, passed safely through their territory. MATJ-HAW-GAW. The greater portion of the territory embraced within the limits of Iowa, was once occupied by a tribe, or nation of Indians, known in history as the lowas (or Ioways), who for many years maintained an almost constant war fare with the Sioux, a powerful rival who lived to the north of them. The lowas were originally the Pau-hoo-chee tribe, and lived in the region of the lakes, to the northeast, but about the year 1700 they followed their chief, Mau-haw-gaw, to the banks of the Mississippi, and crossing over, settled on the west bank of Iowa river, near its mouth, and there established a village. They called the river on which they established their empire, Ne-o-ho-nee, or "Master of Rivers." For some years they prospered and multiplied, but the Sioux began to envy them the prosperity wdiich they enjoyed, and with no good intentions came down to visit them. Sending to Mau-haw-gaw the pipe of peace, with an invitation to join them in a dog feast, they made great professions of friendship. The Iowa chief, having confidence in their protestations of good feeling, accepted the invitation. In the midst of the THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 53 feast the perfidious Sioux suddenly attacked and killed the unsuspecting Mau-haw-gaw. This outrage was never forgiven by the lowas. MA-HAS-KAH. One of the most noted chiefs of the lowas was Ma-has-kah (White Cloud), a descendant of Mau-haw-gaw. He led his warriors in eighteen battles against the Sioux on the north, and the Osages on the south, but never failed to achieve a victory. He made his home on the Des Moines river, about one hundred miles above the mouth, and must have been some thing of a Mormon, for it is said he had seven wives. In 1824 he was one of a party of chiefs who visited Washington. He left his home on the Des Moines to go down the river on his way to join his party, and when near where the city of Keokuk is now located, he stopped to prepare and eat his venison. He had just commenced his meal when some one struck him on the back. Turning" round, he was surprised to see one of his wives, Rant- che-wai-me (Female Flying Pigeon), standing with an uplifted tomahawk in her hand. She accosted Trim with — " Am I your wife ? Are you my hus band ? If so, I will go with you to Maw-he-hum-ne-che (the American big house), and see and shake the h,and of In-co-ho-nee ", meaning the Great Father, as they called the President. Ma-has-kah answered: " Yes, you are my wife ; I am your husband ; I have been a long time from you ; I am glad to see you ; you are my pretty wife, and a brave man always loves to see a pretty woman." Ma-has-kah went on to Washington accompanied by his "pretty wife ", Rant-che-wai-mie, who received many presents, but saw many things of which she disapproved. When she returned, she called to gether the matrons and maidens of the tribe, and warned them against the vices and follies of their white sisters. This good Indian woman was killed by being thrown from her horse, some time after her return from Washing ton. In 1834 Ma-has-kah was also killed about sixty miles from his home, on the Nodaway, by an enemy who took a cowardly advantage of him. At the time of his death he was fifty years of age. After his death all his sur viving wives went into mourning and poverty, according to the custom of the tribe, except one named Mis-so-rah-tar-ra-haw (Female Deer that bounds over the prairie), who refused to the end of her life to be comforted, saying that her husband " was a great brave, and was killed by dogs ", meaning low, vulgar fellows. Soon after the death of Ma-has-kah, .his son of the same name, at the age of twenty-four, became the chief of the lowas. His mother was Rant-che- wai-me, whose tragic death is mentioned above. He also visited Washing ton in the winter of 1836-7, for the purpose of obtaining redress for injus tice, which he claimed had been done to his people by the government, in failing to keep intruders from their lands, and in disregarding other stipu lations of the treaty made with his father in 1825. SI-DOM-I-NA-DO-TAH. When the whites began to make settlements on the upper Des Moines, the region about Fort Dodge and Spirit Lake was inhabited by Sioux In dians, made up principally of that division of the great Sioux or Dacotah nation known by the name of Sisiton Sioux. When, in 1848, the govern ment surveys of the lands purchased north of the Raccoon Forks were in pro gress, Mr. Marsh, of Dubuque, set out with Ms party to run the correction 54 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. line from a point on the Mississippi, near Dubuque, to the Missouri river. In this work he was not molested until he crossed the Des Moines, when on the west bank of the river, he was met by a party of Sioux, under the lead ership of their chief, Si-dom-i-na-do-tah, who notified Mr. Marsh and his party that they should proceed no farther, as the country belonged to the Indians. The Sioux then left, and Mr. Marsh concluded to continue his work. He had not proceeded m'ore than a mile when Si-dom-i-na:do-tah and his band returned and surrounded the party, robbing them of every thing. They took their horses, destroyed their wagons and surveying instru ments, destroyed the land-marks, and drove the surveying party back to the east side of the river. This, and other outrages committed on families who, in the fall of 1849, ventured to make claims on the upper Des Moines, led to the establishment of a military post at Fort Dodge in 1850. In the winter of 1846-7 one Henry Lott, an adventurous border char acter, had, with his family, taken up his residence at the mouth of Boone river, in what is now Webster county, and within the range of Si-dom-i-na- do-tah's band. Lott had provided himself with some goods and a barrel of whisky, expecting to trade with the Indians, and obtain their furs and robes. In a short time he was waited upon by the chief and six of his braves and informed that he was an intruder and that he must leave within a certain time. The time having expired, and Lott still remaining, the Indians destroyed his property, shooting his stock and robbing his bee-hives. Lott and his step-son made their way to the nearest settlement, at Pea's Point, about 16 miles south, and reported that his family had been murdered by the Indians, as he doubtless thought they would be after he left. John Pea and half a dozen other white men, accompanied by some friendly Indians of another tribe, who happened to be in that vicinity, set out with Lott for the mouth of Boone river. When they arrived they found that the family had not been tomahawked, as he had reported. One little boy, however, aged about twelye years, had attempted to follow his father in his flight, by going down the Des Moines river on the ice. Being thinly clad, the little fellow froze to death after traveling on the ice a distance of about twenty miles. The body of the child was subsequently found. The sequel shows that Lott was de termined on revenge. In November, 1853, Lott ventured about thirty miles'north of Fort Dodge, where he pretended to make a claim, in what is now Humboldt county. He took with him several barrels of whisky and some goods, and he and his step-son built a cabin near what is now known as Lott's creek in that county. Si-dom-i-na-do-tah had his cabin on the creek about a mile west of Lott's. In January, 1854, Lott and his step-son went to the cabin of the old chief and told him that they had seen, on their way over, a drove of elk feeding on the bottom lands, and induced the old man to mount his ponv, with gun in harid, to go in pursuit of the elk. Lott and his step-son fol lowed, and when they had proceeded some distance they shot and killed Si-' dom-i-na-do-tah. That same night they attacked and killed six of the chief's family, including his wife and two children, his aged mother, and two young children she had in charge — including with the chief, seven victims in all. Two children, a boy of twelve, and a girl of ten years of age, escaped by hiding themselves. Some days after, the Indians reported the murders at Fort Dodge, thinking at first that the slaughter had been perpetrated by some of their Indian enemies. Investigation soon revealed the fact that Lott and his step-son had committed the deed. Their cabin was found burned down, and THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 55 a slight snow on the ground showed the track of their wagon in a circuitous route southward, avoiding Fort Dodge. Intelligence of them was received at various points where they had been trying to sell furs and other articles, and where the chief's pony was noticed to be in their possession. Having several days start, they made their way across the Missouri and took the plains for California, where, it was subsequently learned, Lott was killed in a quarrel. It is believed by many of the old settlers of Northern Iowa that this outrage of Henry Lott was the cause of that other tragedy, or rather series of tragedies, in the history of Northern Iowa, known as the " Spirit Lake Massacre." INK-PA-DU-TAH. Ink-pa-du-tah, it is said, was the brother, and became the successor, of the chief who was murdered by Henry Lott. He is known to the whites chiefly in connection with the horrible outrages committed at Spirit and Okoboji Lakes in Northern Iowa, and at Springfield in Southern Minnesota. He, in connection with U-tan-ka-sa-pa (Black Buffalo), headed a band of about eighteen lodges of Sioux, who, in the spring of 1857, robbed the settlers and committed the most inhuman outrages, culminating in the massacres of the 8th and 9th of March of that year. Dnring the year 1856 a dozen or more families had settled about the lakes, while along the valley of the Little Sioux river at Smithland, Cherokee, and Rock Rapids there were settlements. Ink-pa-du-tah and his band commenced their depredations at Smithland, and passing up the Little Sioux made hostile demonstrations both at Cherokee and Rock Rapids, killing stock and carrying away whatever they saw proper to take, but committed no murders until they reached the infant settlement at the lakes. There, and at Springfield, a small settlement in Minnesota a few miles northeast, they killed forty-one, wounded three, and took with them as captives four women — Mrs. Howe, Mrs. Thatcher, Mrs. Marble, and Miss Gardner. Twelve persons were missing, some of whose remains were afterward found, having been killed while attempting to escape. Of the four women taken captives, two were killed on their flight, Mrs/Howe and Mrs. Thatcher. The other two, Mrs. Marble and Miss Gardner, were some months after, through the efforts of Gov. Madarie, of Minnesota, and the Indian agent at Laqua Parle, purchased from Ink-pa-du-tah by employing friendly Indians to affect the purchase. By this raid and massacre the set tlement at the lakes was entirely swept away. All the houses were burned, and all the stock either killed or taken away. At Springfield the settlers were somewhat prepared to defend themselves, having heard of the slaughter at the lakes. Seven or eight persons, however, were killed at Springfield. The winter preceding these massacres had been unusually severe, and 6now had fallen to the depth of from one to two feet. In March all the ravines were filled with drifted snow, with a thick and heavy crust, so that travel in that region was almost impossible.- For this reason those infant settlements were almost cut off from intercourse with the thickly inhabited parts of the country. It was, therefore, some time before the news of the massacres reached Fort Dodge, the nearest settlement. The messengers who conveyed the intelligence were Messrs. Bell and Williams, who lived on Little Sioux river. Messrs. Howe, Snyder and Parmenter, of Newton, who had attempted to relieve the inhabitants at the lakes with provisions, also upon arriving there found all the settlers murdered. They, too, hastened as rapidly as possible to Fort Dodge and reported. Messengers were at once 4 56 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. sent to Webster City and Homer to request the citizens to turn out for the relief of the frontier, and they responded promptly. Those two places fur nished forty men and Fort Dodge eighty. The force of 120 men was formed into three companies of forty men each, under Captains C. B. Richards, John F. Duncombe, and J. C. Johnston. The battalion was commanded by Major W. Williams. On the 25th of March the battalion started from Fort Dodge, the snow still covering the ground and all the ravines being so gorged with drifted snow that in places it was necessary to cut their way through snow-banks from ten to twenty feet deep. After marching thirty miles ten men had to be sent back, reducing the force to 110 men. In the meantime a force from Fort Ridgely was approaching from the north. The Indians, expecting these movements, had taken their flight across the Big Sioux river to join the Tanktons, in what is now Dakota. The troops, after almost incredible hardships and sufferings for eighteen days and nights, being without tents, failed to' get sight of a single hostile Indian. They found and buried the bodies of twenty-nine persons. A number were burned in the houses by the savages, and their remains were found in the ashes. The expedition lost two valuable citizens, Captain J. C. Johnston, of Webster City, and William Burkholder, of Fort Dodge, the latter being a brother of Mrs. Gov. C. C. Carpenter. They were frozen to death on their return from the lakes. Eighteen others were more or less frozen, and some did not recover for a year after. Several years after his death the remains of young Burkholder were found on the prairie, being recognized by the remains of his gun and clothing. When overcome by the cold he was separated from his companions, and his fate was for sometime unknown. From this brief account of Ink-pa-du-tah, it will be conceded that there is uo reason to cherish his memory with any degree of admiration. He was the leader of a band comprising even the worst element of the Sioux nation, the best of which is bad enough, even for savages. The germ of the band of which he was chief, was a family of murderers, known as Five Lodges, who, it was said, having murdered an aged chief, wandered away and formed a little tribe of their own, with whom rogues from all the other bands found refuge. At the time of these hostilities against the whites under Ink-pa-du- tah, they numbered probably over 150 lodges. They were constantly roving about in parties, stealing wherever they could from trappers and settlers. The subsequent career of Ink-pa-du-tah has been west of the borders of Iowa and Minnesota. EARLY NAVIGATION OF WESTERN RIVERS. Navigation of the Mississippi by the Early Explorers— Flat-boats— Barges— Methods of Pro pulsion— Brigs and Schooners— The first Steamboat on Western Waters— The " Orleans "— The "Comet"— The " Enterprise."— Capt. Shreve— The " Washington "—The "General Pike —First Steamboat to St. Louis— The "Independence" the first Steamboat oh the Missouri— Capt Nelson— ''Mackinaw Boats "—Navigation of the upper Mississippi-The , 'Virginia — The ' Shamrock —Capt. James May— Navigation of the upper Missouri- Steamboatmg on the Smaller Rivers. We have accounts of the navigation of the Mississippi river as earlv as 1539, by De Soto, while in search of the "fountain of youth". His voyage ended with his life, and more than a hundred years passed away, when Mar quette and Jolifet again disturbed its waters with a small bark transported THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 57 from the shores of Lake Superior. At the mouth of the Wisconsin they entered the Mississippi, and extended their voyage to the mouth of the Arkansas. Their account is the first which gave to the world any accurate knowledge of the great valley of the Mississippi river. Their perilous voy age was /made in the summer of 1673. The account was read with avidity by the missionaries and others about Lake Superior, and soon after a young Frenchman named La Salle set out with a view of adding further informa tion in relation to the wonderful valley of the great river. His expedition was followed by other voyages of exploration on western rivers, but the nar ratives of the explorers are mostly lost, so that very little of interest remains from the voyage of La Salle to the latter part of the eighteenth century, when the French, then holding Fort Du Quesne, contemplated the establish ment of a line of forts which would enable them to retain possession of the vast territory northwest of the Ohio river. Regular navigation of the Ohio and Mississippi, however, was not attempted until after the Revolution, when the United States had assumed control of the western waters. Trade with New Orleans did not begin until near the close of the century. A few flat boats were employed in the trade between Pittsburg and the new settlements along the Ohio river. The settlement of Kentucky gradually increased the trade on the Ohio, and caused a demand for increased facilities for convey ance of freight. Boatmen soon found it profitable to extend their voyages to the Spanish settlements in the South. Freight and passengers were con veyed in a species of boat which was sometimes called a barge, or bargee by the French. It was usually from 75 to 100 feet long, with breadth of beam from 15 to 20 feet, and a capacity of 60 to 100 tons. The freight was re ceived in a large covered coffer, occupying a portion of the hulk. Near the stern was an apartment six or eight feet in length, called "the cabin", where the captain and other officials of the boat quartered at night. The helmsman was stationed upon an elevation above the level of the deck. The barge usually carried one or two masts. A large square sail forward, when the wind was favorable, sometimes much relieved the hands. The work of propelling the barges usually required about fifty men to each boat. There were several modes of propelling the barges. At times all were engaged in rowing, which was often a waste of labor on such a stream as the Missis sippi. Sometimes the navigators resorted to the use of the cordelle, a strong rope or hawser, attached to the- barge, and carried along the shore or beach on the shoulders of the crew. In some places this method was imprac ticable on account of obstructions along the shores. Then what was known as the " warping " process was resorted to. A coil of rope was sent out in the yawl, and fastented to a tree on the shore, or a "snag" in the river. While the hands on board were pulling up to this point, another coil was carried further ahead, and the "warping" process repeated. Sometimes it was expedient to use setting poles, but this method was used chiefly in the Ohio. During a period of about twenty-five years, up to 1811, the mode of conveyance on our western rivers was by flat-boats and barges. It required three or four months to make a trip from Pittsburg to New Orleans. Pass engers between these points were charged from $125 to $150, and freight ranged from $5 to $7 per 100 pounds. It cannot be supposed that under such circumstances, the commerce of the West was very extensive. Previous to the introduction of steamers on western waters, attempts were made to use brigs and schooners. In 1803 several ships were built on the Ohio, and in 1805 the ship " Scott " was built on the Kentucky river, and 58 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. in the fall of that year made her first trip to the falls of the Ohio. While there two other vessels, built by Berthone & C°-» arrived. All of them were com pelled to remain three months, awaiting a sufficient rise in the river to carry them over the falls. In 1807 Mr. Dean built and launched a vessel at Pitts burg. This vessel made a trip to Leghorn, and when making her entry at the custom house there, her papers were objected to on the ground that no such port as Pittsburg existed in the United States. The captain called the attention of the officer to the Mississippi river, traced it to its confluence with the Ohio, thence following the latter stream past Cincinnati and Mari-. etta, to the new city in the wilderness, more than two thousand miles ly water from the Gulf of Mexico ! All these vessels were found inadequate for' the purpose of trading on the western rivers, and were soon abandoned. They could not stem the current of the Mississippi. They were transferred to the gulf, and the commerce of the rivers was abandoned to Mike Fink and his followers, remaining with them until 1811. In this year Fulton and Livingston opened a ship-yard at Pittsburg, and built the small propeller " Orleans ", which was also furnished with two masts. She was a boat of one hundred tons burthen, and the first steamer that was launched on western waters. In the winter of 1812 she made her first trip to New Orleans in fourteen days. As she passed down the river, the settlers lined the banks, and the greatest excitement prevailed. The flat-boatmen said she never could stem the current on her upward trip. After her first trip, the "Orleans" engaged in the Natchez and New Orleans trade, and paid her owners a handsome profit' on their investment. The next steamer was the "Comet", and she was built by D. French. She carried but twenty-five tons, and made her first trip to New Orleans in the spring of 1814. Soon after she was taken to pieces, and her engine used in a cotton factory. The "Vesu vius ", of 48 tons burthen, was launched at Fulton's ship-yard in the spring of ^1814, made a trip to New Orleans, and on her return was grounded on a sand bar, where she remained until the next December. This boat remained on the river until 1819, when she was condemned. The "Enterprise" was the fourth steamboat, and was built by Mr. French, who built the " Comet." The "Enterprise" carried seventy -five tons, and made her first trip to New Orleans in the summer of 1814. When she arrived at her destination she was pressed into the service of the army, under Gen. Jackson, then at New Orleans. She was very efficient in carrying troops and army supplies from the city to the seat of war, a few miles below. During the battle of the 8th of January she was busily engaged in supplying the wants of Jackson's army. On the 5th of May following she left New Orleans, and arrived at Louisville in twenty-five days. In 1816 Captain Henry Shreve built the "Washington" with many im provements in construction. The boilers, which had hitherto been placed in the hold, were changed by Captain Shreve to the deck. In September, 1816, the "Washington" successfully passed the falls of the Ohio, made her trip to New Orleans, and returned in November to Louisville. On the 12th of March, 1817, she departed on her second trip to New Orleans, the ice then running in the Ohio slightly retarding her progress. She made the trip successfully, and returned to the foot of the falls in forty-one days— the upward trip being made in twenty-five days. By this time it was generally conceded by the flat-boatmen that Fitch and Fulton were not visionary fools, but men of genius, and that their inventions could be turned to immense advantage on the rivers of the West. Steamboats from this time on rapidly THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 59 multiplied, and the occupation of the old flat-boatmen began to pass away On Captain Shreve's return to Louisville the citizens gave him a public re ception. Toasts and speeches were made, and the "Washington" declared to be the herald of a new era in the West. Captain Shreve in his speech . asserted that the time would come when the trip to New Orleans would be made in ten days. His prediction was more than verified, for as early as 1853, the trip was made in four days and nine hours. While these festivities were going on in Louisville, the " General Pike " was stemming the current of the Mississippi for a new port in steamboat navigation. With a heavy load of freight and passengers she left New Orleans for St. Louis. On her arrival at the latter city several thousand people greeted her as she slowly approached the landing. Steam navigation commenced on the Missouri in 1819, the first boat being the " Independent ", commanded by Captain Nelson. She ascended as far as Chariton and Franklin, at which points she received a cargo of furs and buffalo hides, and.returned with them to St. Louis. In 1816 Fort Armstrong was erected at the lower end of Rock Island. On the 10th of May of this year Col. Lawrence, with the Eighth Regiment and a company of riflemen, arrived here in keel boats. Col. George Davenport resided near the fort and supplied the troops with provisions, and also engaged in trading with the Indians. Most of his goods were brought from "Macki naw" through Green Bay, thence up Fox river to the "Portage", where they were packed across to the Wisconsin river, and carried down the Mississippi in what were called " Mackinaw Boats." The navigation of the upper Missis sippi was confined to keel-boats until 1823, when the first steamboat — the "Virginia" — from Wheeling ascended with provisions to Prairie du Chien. This boat was three or four days in passing the rapids at Rock Island. After this, up to 1827, steamboats continued to ascend the upper Mississippi occasionally with troops and military stores. In this year Capt. James May, of the steamboat "Shamrock", made the first voyage with her from Pitts burg to Galena. This was the first general business trip ever made on the upper Mississippi by a steamboat. Capt. May continued as master of a steamboat on this part of the river until 1834. The first navigation of any considerable portion of the Missouri river was that of Captains Lewis and Clarke, when in 1804 they ascended that river in keel-boats, or barges, from its mouth almost to its source. Of late years steamboats have navigated it regularly to Fort Benton. Steamboat navi gation has also been employed on many of the smaller rivers of the West, including the Des Moines and Cedar rivers in Iowa. The introduction of railroads has superseded the necessity of depending upon the uncertain nav igation of the smaller rivers for carrying purposes. The great water-courses, however, will doubtless always remain the indispensible commercial high ways of the nation. ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE NORTHWEST. Ancient Works — Conjectures — Works of the Mound Builders in Ohio — Different forms and Classes — Mounds at Gallipolis, Marietta, and Chillicothe — Relics Found — Ancient Fortifi cations at Circleville and Other Places — Pre-historic Remains in Other States — In Iowa— Excavation of Mounds — Elongated and Round Mounds — Their Antiquity — Who were the Mound Builders? Soatteeed all over the great Northwest are the remains of the works of an 60 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. ancient people, who must have been infinitely more advanced in the arts than the Indian tribes who inhabited the country at the time of the advent of the European. The question as to whether the Indians are the descend ants of that people, the Mound Builders, is a subject of antiquarian specula tion. One thing, however, is certain, that a people once inhabited all this vast region who possessed some considerable knowledge of the arts and even the sciences; a people of whom the Indians possessed no knowledge, but whose works have survived the mutations of hundreds, and perhaps thous ands of years, to attest that they lived, and acted, and passed away. There have been various conjectures of the learned concerning the time when, by what people, and even for what purpose, these monuments of human ingenuity were erected. Their origin is deeply involved in the obscurity of remote an tiquity. Neither history, nor authentic tradition, afford any light by which to conduct inquiries concerning them, and it is probable that no certainty upon the subject will ever be attained. Brief mention of some of these ancient works cannot fail to interest the reader. They are found distributed over the country generally from the Alleghany Mountains to the Rocky Mountains. They are more numerous and more remarkable, however, in some parts of the country than in others. Some of the most remarkable fortifications in Ohio are at Worthington, Granville, Athens, Marietta, Gallipolis, Chillicothe, and Circleville; also, on Paint Creek, 18 miles northwest of Chillicothe, and on a plain three miles northeast of the last named city. In some localities there are both mounds and fortifications, while in others there are mounds only. The mounds vary in magnitude, and also somewhat in shape. Some are conical, ending sharply at the summit, and as steep on the sides as the earth could be made to lie. Others are of the same form, except that they present a flat area on the top, like a cone cut off at some distance from its vortex, in a plane coincident with its base, or with the horizon. Others again, are of a semi-globular shape. Of this description was that standing in Gallipolis. The largest one near Worthington is of the second kind, and presents on the summit a level area of forty feet in diameter. There is one at Marietta of this kind, but the area on top does not exceed twenty feet in diameter. Its perpendic ular height is about fifty feet, and its circumference at the base twenty rods. Those in Worthington and Gallipolis are each from fifteen to twenty feet in circumference at their bases. A large mound once stood in the heart of the city of Chillicothe, but was leveled forty or fifty years ago to make room for the erection of a block of buildings, and in its destruction a number of relics were exhumed. Several smaller mounds were located in the same vicinity. They are found scattered in profusion in the vallies of the Miamis, Scioto, Hocking and Muskingum rivers, as well as south of the Ohio river. One of the largest is near the Ohio river, 14 miles below Wheeling. This is about 33 rods in circumference, and consequently between ten and eleven rods in diameter at its base. Its perpendicular height is about seventy feet. On the summit is an area of nearly sixty feet in diameter, in the middle of which is a regular cavity, the cubical content of which is about 3,000 feet. Within a short distance of this mound are five smaller ones, some of, which are thirty feet in diameter. Some of the mounds mentioned, and others not referred to, have been excavated, either by the antiquarian or in the construc tion of public works, and in most of them human bones have been discov ered. Most of these bones crumble in pieces or resolve into dust shortly after being exposed to the air; except in some instances, wherein the teeth, THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 61 jaw, skull, and sometimes a few other bones, by reason of their peculiar solidity, resist the effects of contact with the air. From the fact of the find ing human remains in them many have inferred that they were erected as burial places for the dead. In some of them, however, which have been ex amined, no human remains have been discovered, but pieces of pottery, stone hatchets, and other relics, are found in nearly all. Many of these mounds are composed of earth of a different quality from that which is found in their immediate vicinity. This circumstance would seem to indicate that the earth of which they were composed was transported some distance. A striking instance of this difference of composition was first noticed some sixty or seventy years ago, in a mound at Franklinton, near the main fork of the Scioto river. This mound was composed alto gether of clay, and the brick for the court-house in that town were made of it at that time. In it were likewise found a much greater number of hu man bones than is usually found in mounds of its size. The characteris tics mentioned in connection with the mounds in Ohio apply to those gen erally throughout the Northwest. Not so numerous as the mounds, but more remarkable as involving the principles of science, especially mathematics, are the fortifications, or earth walls, found in many places. They are commonly supposed to have been forts, or military fortifications. They generally consist of a circular wall, composed of earth, and usually as steep on the sides as the dirt could con veniently be made to lie. Sometimes, though rarely, their form is elliptical, or oval, and a few of them are quadrangular or square. In height they are various; some of them are so low as to be scarcely perceptible ; some from twenty to thirty feet in height, while others again are of an intermediate elevation. The wall of the same fort, however, is pretty uniformly of the same height all around. They are likewise equally various in the contents of the ground which they enclose, some containing but a few square rods of ground, while others contain nearly one hundred acres. The number of their entrances, or gateways, varies in different forts from one to eight or more, in proportion to the magnitude of the enclosure. The walls are mostly sin gle, but in some instances these works have been found to consist of two parallel walls, adjacent to each other. The forts are generally located on comparatively elevated ground, adjoining a river or stream of water. Their situation is usually such as a skillful military engineer or tactician would have selected for military positions. This fact would seem to strengthen the theory that they were designed and constructed for fortifications. The city of Circleville, Ohio, is located on the site of one of the most re markable of these fortifications, and from this circumstance takes its name. There are, or were, indeed, two forts at that place, one circular, and the other square, as represented in the diagram on the opposite page. In this, it will be seen that a square fort adjoins a circular one on the east, communicating with it by a gateway. The black points in the square fort, opposite the gateways, show the location of mounds, each about three feet high. The circular fort consists of two parallel walls, whose tops are, ap parently, about three rods apart, the inner circle being forty-seven rods in diameter. Between these two walls is a fosse, excavated sufficiently deep and broad to have afforded earth enough for the construction of the exterior wall alone, and no more. From this circumstance and others, the earth for the construction of the inner wall is supposed to have been transported from a distance. The inner wall is composed of day, and the outer one of dirt 62 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. and gravel of similar quality with that which composes the neighboring ground, which is another circumstance quite conclusive of the correctness of the conjecture that the material for the inner wall was brought from a distance. There is but one original opening, or passage, into the circular fort, and that is on the east side, connecting it with the square one. The latter has seven avenues leading into it, exclusive of the one which connects with the circle. There is one at every corner, and one on each side equi-distant from the angular openings. These avenues are each twelve feet wide, and the walls on either hand rise immediately to their usual height, which is above twenty feet. When the town of Circleville was originally laid out, the trees growing upon the walls of these fortifications and the mounds enclosed in the square one, were apparently of equal size and age, and those lying down in equal stages of decay, with those in the surrounding forest, a circumstance proving the great antiquity of these stupendous remains of former labor and ingenuity. Of course, the progress of modern civiliza tion in the building of a city over these ancient remains, has long since nearly obliterated many of their parts. The above is a description of them as they appeared sixty years ago, when Circleville was a mere village, and be fore the hand of modern vandalism had marred or obliterated any of the •' parts. A somewhat, minute description of these ancient remains is given, not because they are more remarkable than many others found in different parts of the Northwest, but as an example to show the magnitude of many similar works. Among others in the same State may be mentioned a re markable mound near Marietta, which is enclosed by a wall embracing an area 230 feet long by 215 wide. This mound is thirty feet high and ellip tical in form. This mound, with the wall enclosing it, stand apart from two other irregular enclosures, one containing fifty and the other twenty-seven acres. Within the larger of these two enclosures there are four truncated pyramids, three of which have graded passage ways to their summits. The largest pyramid is 188 feet long by 132 feet wide, and is ten feet high. From the southern wall of this enclosure there is a graded passage way 150 feet broad, extending 600 feet to the immediate valley of the Muskingum river. This passage way is guarded by embankments on either side from eight to ten feet high. In the smaller square there are no pyramidal struc tures, but fronting each gate-way there is a circular mound. The walls of these several enclosures are from twenty to thirty feet broad at the base, and from five to six feet high. Besides these, many similar embankments may be traced in the same vicinity. Squier and Davis, authors of that most elaborate work, entitled "The An cient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley", estimated that there were in Ross county, Ohio, at least one hundred enclosures and five hundred mounds. They give the probable number in that State at from one thousand to fifteen hundred enclosures, and ten thousand mounds. These estimates are quite likely to be far below the actual number, as their investigations were made many years ago, when large portions of the State were yet covered with for ests, and before any general interest had been awakened on the subject of which they treated. Among the remarkable fortifications in Ross county is one at Cedar Bank, on the east side of the Scioto river, about five miles north of Chillicothe. It is of a square form, enclosing an area of thirty- two acres. The west side of this enclosure is formed by the high bluff bor dering the river at this point. There are two gate-ways opposite each other, one on the north and the other on the south side. Inside of the enclosure, a ft SiQ& -L.--X wi ^1 h \ii- y _l_»{j h l; £ _ £_ ,_ L t. .1. — •<- J_ J_ JM? /tf'6'fitfolfc irtr// THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 63 on a line with the gate-ways, there is a mound 245 feet long and 150 feet broad. The form of this work is shown by the diagram on the opposite page. When this work first attracted the attention of Mr. E. G. Squier, Dr. Davis, and others engaged in archaeological research, it was in the midst of a dense forest of heavy timber. Trees of the largest growth stood on the embankments, and covered the entire area of ground enclosed. About a mile and a half below, on the same side of the Scioto, are other fortifica tions, both circular and square, even more remarkable than the one last de scribed, on account of the forms and combinations which they exhibit. Another fortification in this county, in the form of a parallelogram, 2,800 feet long by 1,800 feet wide, encloses several smaller works and mounds, which altogether make 3,000,000 cubic feet of embankment. A series of the most wonderful and most gigantic of these pre-historic works, is to be found in the Licking Valley, near Newark. They cover an area of two square miles. The works are of such vast magnitude that even with our labor-saving implements to construct them, would require the la bor of thousands of men continued for many months. "Fort Ancient", as it is called, in Warren county, Ohio, has nearly four miles of embankment, from eighteen to twenty feet high. Mounds and fortifications similar to those in Ohio are found in all the States of the Northwest, and indeed, throughout the entire valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries. In the valley of the Wabash, in Indiana, are many interesting remains of the works of the Mound Builders. Near Kahokia, Illinois, there is a mound 2,000 feet in circumference, and ninety feet high. Many remarkable objects of interest to the antiquary are found in Wisconsin. Scattered over her undulating plains are earth-works, mod eled after the forms of men and animals. At Aztalan, in Jefferson county, is an ancient fortification 550 yards long and 275 yards wide. The walls are from four to five feet high, and more than twenty feet in thickness at the base. Near the Blue Mounds, in that State, there is another work, in form resembling a man in a recumbent position. It is one hundred and twenty feet long and thirty feet across the trunk. At Prairicville there is still another resembling a turtle in shape which, is fifty-six feet in length. At Cassville there is one whiah is said to resemble the extinct mastedon. In some instances these animal resemblances and forms are much defaced by time, while in other cases they are distinctly visible. Fragments of an cient pottery are found scattered about most of them. Scattered over the surface of Iowa, also, are to be found many of these monuments of a pre-historic race. The mounds especially are numerous, appearing most in that portion of the State east of the Des Moines river, but in a few instances west of it. Groups of mounds are found along Iowa river, in Johnson county, presenting the same general appearance with those in the States east of the Mississippi. Near the mouth of this river, in Louisa county, are the remains of an ancient fortification,with a number of mounds in the same vicinity, which have attracted the attention of the curious. In the vicinity of Ottmnwa, Wapello county, are a large number of mounds, several of which have been examined. There is a chain of them in this last named county, commencing near the mouth of Sugar Creek, a small tribu tary of the Des Moines, and extending twelve miles nortward, with distances between them in some instances as great as two miles. Two of them were excavated several years ago. One of them was about 45 feet in diameter, and situated upon the highest ground in the vicinity. The other was directly 64 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. north about one-fourth of a mile. Its diameter at the base was about 75 feet. In the center of this last named mound, was found, at the depth of four feet, a layer of stone, with the. appearance of having been subjected to the action of fire. There were also found a mass of charcoal, a bed of ashes, and calcined human bones. A number of relics were also found in the smaller mound first mentioned. These examinations were made by several gentlemen of Ottumwa. Mr. F. C. Roberts, in a Fort Madison paper, writes of the examination of a mound situated about six miles north of that city, a few years ago. It is located on the brow of a hill, is of an elliptical shape, and small in size, being only about 30 feet long, and fifteen feet wide; its height was about six feet. The mound contained a number of separate compartments, con structed as follows: First, there was a floor made of limestone, which must have been brought a distance of several miles, as none nearer could have been obtained. This floor was laid regular and smooth, the best stone only being used. Above the floor, with an intervening space of about twenty inches, there was a roof, also made of limestone. The sides of this vault, if it may so be called, seemed to have once had stone walls, but they were more or less caved in. It was also thought that the roof had originally been much higher. The compartments were made by partitions or walls of stone. Each compartment was occupied by a human skeleton, and articles of flint and stone, as well as some bones of animals. All the skeletons of human origin were placed in a sitting position, with the knees drawn up, and the head in clined forward between them. The arms were placed by the side, and some times clasped around the knees. Besides the human bones, there were those of some large birds and of some animal. Some of these were charred, and were found in connection with charcoal and ashes. There were numerous flint weapons, and small three cornered stones. In Clayton and other counties in the northeastern part of the State, the Mound Builders have left numerous monuments of their existence in that region in pre-historic times. The researches of Hon. Samuel Murdock, of Clayton county, have been extensive and successful in giving to the scien tific and antiquarian world much information in relation to these works of an ancient people who once occupied our continent. He has collected a vast number of relics from the mounds in that portion of the State. After long and thorough investigation, he gives it as his opinion that in Clayton county alone there are not less than one hundred thousand arti ficial mounds, including .the two classes, the round and the elongated, the latter ranging from one hundred to six hundred feet in length. All of them, so far as examinations have been made, contain more or less skeletons. One which was examined near Clayton was estimated to have contained over one hundred bodies. From investigations made, the infer ence is drawn tha.t the elongated mounds are of greater antiquity than the round ones. The skeletons found in the former are in a more advanced state of decay, and in some of them there is scarcely any trace of bones. In nearly all the round mounds skeletons were found in a remarkably good state of preservation, and can be obtained by the thousand. These facts in dicate most conclusively that the elongated mounds were the work of an older race of the Mound Builders, and that they were erected ages before the round ones were. The fact that human remains have been found in nearly all of both classes favors the theory that they were erected as receptacles tor the dead. THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 65 A PIONEEE WINTEE. 66 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. While workmen were excavating a mound for the foundation of a ware house in the city of McGregor, in the summer of 1874, human bones were found, and also a stone axe weighing thirteen pounds. It was embedded twenty feet below the original surface. As stated, the work of the Mound Builders was not confined to that por tion of the State embracing the Mississippi drainage. Similar remains, though not so numerous, are observed on the western slope of the water- shed between the two great rivers bordering the State. Some five miles below Denison, Crawford county, in the valley of Boyer river, there is a semi-cir cular group of artificial mounds. They are situated on a plateau, rising above the first, or lower bottom, and are about nine in number, each rising to a height of from five to six feet above the general level of the ground. Another similar group is located on a second bottom, at the mouth of Para dise creek, in the same county. Human remains have been found in some of them. Having noticed briefly some of the various forms in which these stupen dous works of men who lived far back in the centuries, whose annals have not come down to us in any written language, we can say now that the most learned have only been able to conjecture as to the remoteness of their an tiquity. The evidences that they are of very great age are abundant and conclusive, but how many hundreds or thousands of years? This is the problem that many an antiquary would freely give years of study and inves tigation to solye. The length of time which elapsed during which these works were in progesss is another of the unsolved questions connected with them, and yet there is abundant evidence that some of them are much older than others; that the process of their construction extends over a large dura tion of time — a time during which the Mound Builders themselves passed through {he changes which mark the monuments that the}'' have left behind them. It is a well known fact that the manners and customs of rude nations isolated from intercourse and commerce with the world, pass through the process of change and development very slowly. The semi-civilized nations of eastern lands, after the lapse of thousands of years, still cling to the man ners and customs, and the superstitions of their ancestors, who lived at the early dawn of our historic period. They use the same rude implements of husbandry, the same utensils in the household, the same arms in warfare, and practice the same styles of dress — all with but little change or modifi cation. The changes are only sufficiently marked to be perceptible after many generations have passed away. Situated as the Mound Builders were, we can but infer that they too passed slowly through the processes of change, and the works which they have left behind them thoroughly attest the truth of this proposition. Their older works appear to be more elaborate and more intricate, showing that the earlier workers were possessed of a higher degree of attainment in the mechanical arts than those whose works are more recent. The inference is that probably after long ages, they gradually retrograded, and were finally subdued or driven southward into Mexico and Central America, by the ancestors of the Indians, who came upon them from the northwest, as the Goths and Vandals invaded and subverted the Roman Empire. This final subjugation may have resulted after centuries of war fare, during which time these fortifications were constructed as defences against the enemy. That they were for military purposes is scarcely sus ceptible of a doubt. This implies a state of warfare, and war implies an enemy. The struggle ended in the final subjugation of that people to whom THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 67 we apply the name of Mound Builders — their conquerors and successors being a race of people in whom we recognize to this day, traces of the Asiatic type. , We, another race of people, after the lapse of other ages, tread to-day, in our turn, on the ruins of at least a limited civilization — a civilization older than that of the Aztecs, whom Cortez found in Mexico. This great Missis sippi valley was once a populous empire, millions of whose subjects repose in the sepulchers scattered in our valleys and over our prairies. While we bow at the shrine of a more intelligent Deity, and strive to build up a truer and better civilization, let us still remember that we tread on classic ground. SKETCHES OF WESTERN AND NORTHWESTERN STATES. Legislation in Regard to Ohio — Admission as a State — Description — Climate and Soil — Origin of Name — Seat of Government — Legislation in Regard to Indiana — Description — Lost River — Wyandot Cave — Seat of Government — Internal Improvements — Vincennes — Illi nois — Admission as a State — Description — Productions— Towns and Cities — "Lover's Leap" — "Buffalo Rock" — "Cave in the Rock" — Michigan— The Boundary Question — Admission as a State — Description — History — Towns and Cities — Wisconsin — Descrip tion — Climate and Productions — Objects of Interest — Towns and CitieR — Sketch of Mil waukee^ — Minnesota — Description — Lakes — Climate and Productions — Natural Scenery — Red Pipe Stone — Historical Sketch — Towns and Cities — Nebraska — Description— Towns and Cities — Missouri — Organic Legislation — The "Missouri Compromise/' — Description — Early Settlement — St. Louis — Other Towns and Cities. OHIO. Ohio was the first State formed out of the territory northwest of the river Ohio, which was ceded to the United States by the General Assembly of Virginia in 1783, and accepted by the Congress of the United States, March 1, 1784. This territory was divided into two separate governments by act of Congress of May 7, 1800. Ohio remained a Territorial government until under an act of Congress, approved April 30, 1802, it adopted a State consti tution, and was allowed one representative in Congress. On the first of November of the same year the constitution was presented in Congress. The people having, on November 29, 1802, complied with the act of Con gress of April 30, 1802, whereby the State became one of the United States, an act was passed and approved February 19, 1803, for the due execution of the laws of the United States within that State. The State embraces an area of about 39,964 square miles, or 25,576,960 acres. There are no mountains, but the central portion of the State is ele vated about 1000 feet above the level of the sea, while other portions are from 600 to 800 feet in elevation. A belt of highlands north of the middle of the State separates the rivers flowing north into Lake Erie from those flowing south into the Ohio river. The middle portion of the State in great part is an elevated plain with occasional patches of marsh land. A large proportion of the State when first settled was covered with forests, but in the central part there was some prairie. Boulders are found scattered over the surface, as they are generally throughout the Northwest. The bituminous coal-field of the State extends over an area embracing nearly 12,000 square miles. It occupies the eastern and southeastern parts, with its northern boundary running near Wooster, Newark, and Lancaster. There are also frequent beds of limestone, as well as sandstone well suited for heavy masonry. The most important of the other mineral productions is ,68 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. iron, which it possesses in great abundance. This is found running through the counties of Lawrence, Gallia, Jackson, Meigs, Vinton, Athens, and Hocking, in a bed 100 miles long by 12 wide. For fine castings it is not surpassed by that found in any other part of the United States. Salt springs are also frequent. The great river of the State is the Ohio, which forms its southern bound ary, and receives the tributary volume of waters flowing from the Muskin gum, Scioto, and Miami, as well as those of many smaller streams. The interior rivers mentioned vary in length from 110 to 200 miles. The Ohio is navigable by steamboats of the first-class during one-half the year to Pitts burg. The Muskingum is navigable by means of dams and locks to Zanesville, 70 miles from its mouth, and at times 30 miles farther up to Coshocton. On the northern slope of the State, beginning at the northwest, are the Maumee, Sandusky, Huron, and Cuyahoga, all flowing into Lake Erie, and all flowing their entire course within the State, except the Mau mee, which rises in Indiana. The last-named river is navigable for lake steamers a distance of 18 miles. Lake Erie coasts the state about 150 miles on the north and northeast, affording several good harbors. The climate in the southern part of the State is mild, while in the north the temperature is equally as rigorous as in the same latitude near the Atlantic. Great droughts have occasionally prevailed, but the State is re garded as one of the most productive in the Union. Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, and barley, are the leading cereals. All the fruits of the temperate latitudes are generally abundant. The forest trees are of many kinds, includ ing the several varieties of oak, hickory, sugar and maple, beech, poplar, ash, sycamore, paw-paw, buckeye, dogwood, cherry, elm, and hackberry. The State receives its name from that of the river which forms its southern boundary. It is of Indian or aboriginal origin. It is not easy to determine its real signification in the Indian language, but some writers have claimed that it means handsome or beautiful. This opinion would seem to be some what plausible from the fact that the early French explorers called it la Belle Riviere, or the Beautiful River, having probably learned the significa tion of the Indian name, and therefore gave it a French name with the same signification. Ohio was first partially settled by a few French emigrants on the Ohio river, while they possessed Canada and Louisiana, about the middle of the the last century. But these settlements were very inconsiderable until the year 1787 and 1788, when the Ohio Company and others from New England made the settlement at Marietta. The early inhabitants were much annoyed by the incursions of the Indians, who had successively defeated Gen. Harmar and Gen. St. Clair, in 1791 and 1792, but were themselves utterly routed by Gen. Wayne in August, 1794. Fort Sandusky, in the war of 1812, was suc cessfully defended by Maj. Croghan, then but 21 years of age, with 160 men against the attack of Gen. Proctor, with 500 British regulars and as many Indians. Cincinnati was laid out as early as 1788, but there were only a few set tlers until after Wayne's victory. It then improved rapidly, having in 1818 a population of upward of 9,000. Chillicothe was laid out in 1796, and in 1818 had a population of 2,600. Columbus, the present capital, was laid out early in the year 1812, and in 1818 contained about 1,500 inhabitants. Cleveland was laid out in 1796, and about the same time a number of set tlements were made along the Miami. Until the legislature met in Colum bus, in December, 1816, Cincinnati and Chillicothe had alternately enjoyed THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 69 the distinction of being both the Territorial and State capitals. In 1814 the first State-house, a plain brick building, was erected at Columbus, the per manent seat of the State Governmeht. In February, 1852, it was entirely consumed by fire, and was succeeded by the present fine State capitol, which had been commenced prior to the destruction of the old one. The conven tion which formed the first constitution of the State was held in Chillicothe, in November, 1802. The following table shows the population of Ohio at the close of each decade from 1800 to 1870: YEAR. WHITE. COLORED. AGGREGATE. 1800. 1810. 1820.1830.1840. 1850. 1860.1870. 45,028 228,861 576,572 928,329 1,502,1221,955,050 2,302,8082,601,946 337 1,899 4,723 9,574 17,345 25,279 36,673 63,213 45,365 230,760581,295 937,903 1,519,4671,980,329 *2,339,511*2,665,260 *The above aggregate for 1860 includes, 30 enumerated as Indians, and the aggregate for 1870 includes 100 enumerated as Indians." INDIANA. Indiana was formed out of a part of the Northwestern Territory which was ceded to the United States by the Virginia. It received a separate Ter ritorial form of government by act of Congress of May 7, 1800, and William Henry Harrison was appointed Governor. At this time it included all the territory west to the Mississippi river, including all now embraced in the States of Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that part of Minnesota east of the Mississippi. The seat of the territorial government was established at Vincennes. By act of January 11, 1805, it was divided into two separate fovernments, and that of Michigan created. Again, February 3, 1809, that of llinois was created. On the 19th of April, 1816, Congress passed an act to enable the people of Indiana to form a constitution and State government. On the 29th of June of the same year the people formed a constitution, and on the 11th of December, 1816, an act of Congress was approved admitting the State into the Union. The laws of the United States were extended to the State by an act of March 3, 1817. Indiana is 278 miles in its greatest length from north to south, and about 144 miles in width, and includes an area of 33,809 square miles, or 21,637,- 760 acres. It has no mountains or great elevations, but portions south of White river are somewhat hilly. North of the White and Wabash rivers the country is generally level or slightly undulating. The rivers are gener ally bordered by rich alluvial bottom lands, sometimes extending for several miles in width. Some of the southeastern counties in places present a rocky surface. The eastern part is generally heavily timbered, while the western is chiefly prairie. The State has a gradual inclination toward the Ohio, and most of the streams flow into that river. Lake Michigan borders the State on the northwest for a distance of about 40 miles, while the Ohio forms the entire southern boundary. In the northern part there are some small lakes. The Wabash is the largest interior river, and with its tributa ries drains nearly three-fourths of the State. At high water it is navigable 70 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. by steamboats as far as Covington. White river is its principal tributary. It rises in two branches in the eastern part of the State, the two branches uniting about 30 miles from the Wabash. The Maumee is formed by the St. Joseph's and St. Mary's in the northeastern part of the State, and passes off into Ohio. The Kankakee, one of the sources of the Illinois, drains the northwestern part of the State. Among other streams are the Tippeca noe, Mississiniwa, Whitewater, Flat Rock, and Blue rivers. The State yields an abundance of coal, the great deposit being in the southwestern portion, and embracing an area of nearly 8,000 square miles, or some twenty-two counties, in most of which it is profitably mined. There are also iron, zinc, gypsum, and lime and sandstone. Many quarries of stone yield excellent building material. Indiana is not without its natural wonders which have attracted the atten tion of the curious. Among these is Lost river, in Orange county. This stream is about fifty feet in width. It sinks many feet under ground, and then rises to the surface at a distance of 11 miles. Then there is Wyandot Cave, in Crawford county. In beauty and magnificence it almost rivals the celebrated Mammoth Cave in Kentucky. It has been explored a distance of over twenty miles. Its greatest width is about 300 feet, and its greatest height 245 feet. Among its interior wonders are "Bandit's Hall," "Pluto's Ravine," "Monument Mountain," "Lucifer's Gorge." and "Calypso's Island." The interior is brilliantly sparred with pendant stalactites. The climate is milder than in the same latitude on the Atlantic coast, but somewhat subject to sudden changes. The soil is generally productive, and in the river, bottoms very deep, well adapted to Indian corn and other kinds of grain. The alluvial bottom lands of the Wabash and its tributaries are especially noted for their fertility. The productions are the various kinds of grain, vegetables, and fruits common in temperate latitudes. Indiana has a large variety of forest trees. Among those indigenous to the State are several kinds of oak, poplar, ash, walnut, hickory, elm, cherry, maple, buckeye, beech, locust, sycamore, Cottonwood, hackberry, mulberry, and some sassafras. Indianapolis is the capital, and is situated on the west fork of White river, in Marion c >unty. The site was selected for the capital in 1820, while the whole country for forty miles in every direction was covered with a dense forest. Previous to 1825 the State capital was at Corydon, but in that year the public offices were removed to Indianapolis. The State-house was erected at a cost of $60,000, and at that time was considered an elegant building. It is now unsuited for the purposes of a great State like Indiana and will soon give place to a larger and more elegant structure. Indianapolis, in 1840,had a population of 2,692 ; in 1850 it had 8,900 ; in 1860 it had 18,611; and in 1870 it had 48,244. In works of internal improvement Indiana stands among the leading States of the Mississippi valley. Railroads radiate in all directions from Indian apolis, and there is scarcely a place in the State of any considerable import ance that is not connected^ directly or indirectly, with the larger cities. Among her early improvements were the Wabash and Erie Canal, connect ing Evansville with Toledo, and the Whitewater Canal, connecting Cam bridge City with Lawrenceburg, on the Ohio. Of the Wabash and Erie Canal, 379 miles are within the limits of Indiana. The Whitewater Canal is 74 miles long. Indianapolis is the largest and. most important city in the State, and among the principal cities may be mentioned New Albany, THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 71 Evansville, Fort Wayne, La Fayette, Terre Haute, Madison, Laporte, Jeffer- sonville, Logansport, Crawfordsville, Lawrenceburg, South Bend and Michi gan City. Corydon, the former State capital, is 115 miles south of Indian apolis, in Harrison county. When the seat of government was removed from this place to Indianapolis, in 1834, it remained stationary for a long time, but within a few years it has become more flourishing. Vincennes, the an cient seat of the Territorial government, is on the left bank of the Wabash river, 120 miles south of Indianapolis. It is the oldest town in the State, and possesses much historic interest, being first settled by the French about the year 1735. Many of the present inhabitants are of French descent. The seat of government was removed from Vincennes to Corydon in 1813. The following table shows the population of Indiana, at the close of each decade, from 1800 to 1870: COLORED. AGGREGATE. 1800. 1810.1820. 1830. 1840. 1850. 1860.1870. 2,402 23,890 145,758 339,399 678,698977,154 1,338,7101,655,837 298 630 1,420 3,632 7,168 11,26211,428 24,560 2,517 24,520 147,178 343,031685,866 988,416 *1,350,428*1,680,637 * The above aggregate for 1860 includes 290 enumerated as Indians, and the aggregate for 1870 includes 240 enumerated as Indians. ILLINOIS. Illinois was formed out of a part of the Northwestern Territory, which was ceded to the United States by the State of Virginia. An act for divid ing the Indian Territory, was passed by Congress, and approved February 3d, 1809. An act to enable the people of the Territory to form a constitu tion and State government, and authorizing one representative in Congress, was passed and approved April 18th, 1818. By the same act a part of the Territory of Illinois was attached to the Territory of Michigan. The people having, on the 26th of August of the same year, formed a constitution, a joint resolution was passed by Congress, and approved December 3d, 1818, admitting the State into the Union, and on the 2d of March following, an act was approved to provide for the due execution of the laws of the United States within the State of Illinois. The extreme length of Illinois from north to south is about 380 miles, and its greatest width about 200 miles. It embraces an area of 55,409 square miles, or 35,459,200 acres. The surface of the State is generally level, with a general inclination from north to south, as indicated by the course of its rivers. There are some elevated bluffs along the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, and a small tract of hilly country in the southern part of the State. The northwest part also contains a considerable amount of broken land. Some of the prairies are large, but in the early settlement of the State there were many small prairies, skirted with fine groves of timber. The prairies are generally undulating, and in their native state were clothed in a great variety of beautiful wild flowers. The State is well supplied with minerals of great economic value. The region of Galena, in the northwest part, has 5 72 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. LINCOLN MONUMENT, SPEINGFIELD, ILL. THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 73 for many years yielded vast quantities of lead. The coal fields cover an area of 44,000 square miles. There are salt springs in Gallatin, Jackson and Vermillion counties; and medicinal springs, chiefly sulphur and chalybeate, have been found in several places. Excellent building stone for heavy ma sonry, are quarried at Joliet, La Mont, Quincy, and other places. Illinois possesses pre-eminent facilities for water transportation, the Missis sippi river forming the entire western boundary, and the Ohio the entire southern, while Lake Michigan bounds it on the northeast 60 miles. The Illinois river is navigable for steamboats 286 miles. Rock river, though having obstructions near its mouth, has in times of high water been navi- fated for a considerable distance. Kaskaskia, Sangamon and Spoon rivers ave also been navigated by steamboat, but the construction of railroads has in a great measure superseded the necessity of this means of transportation. Among the rivers are the upper portion of the Wabash, which receives from this State the waters of the Vermillion, Embarras and Little Wabash. The principal tributaries, or sources, of the Illinois river are Kaskaskia, . Des Plaines and Fox rivers. Lake Peoria is an expansion of the Illinois river, near the middle of the State. Lake Pishtoka, in the northeast part, is a lake of some importance. Illinois, extending through five degrees of latitude, presents considerable variety of climate. Peaches and some other fruits, which do not succeed so well in the northern part, rarely fail to yield abundantly in the southern part. The State has immense agricultural capabilities, unsurpassed, indeed, by any other State in the Union, unless it may be the younger State of Iowa. Among its agricultural staples are Indian corn, wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, butter and cheese. Stock raising on the prairies of Illinois has, for many years, been carried on extensively. All the fruits and vegetables common to the latitudes in which it is situated are successfully and abundantly produced. Timber is plentiful, but not very equally diffused. The bottom lands are supplied with fine growths of black and white walnut, ash, hackberry, elm, . sugar maple, honey locust, sycamore, cottonwood, hickory, and several species of oak. Some of these also grow on the uplands, and in addition white oak, and other valuable kinds of timber. White and yellow poplar flourish in the southern part, and cypress on the Ohio bottom lands. As we have seen, Illinois did not become a member of the Federal Union until 1818, yet settlements were made within its limits about the same time that William Penn colonized Pennsylvania, in the latter part of the seven teenth century. These settlements, like other French colonies, failed to in crease very rapidly, and it was not until after the close of the Revolution, that extensive colonization commenced. Springfield, the capital of Illinois, was laid out in 1822. It is situated three miles south of the Sangamon river, in Sangamon county, and is sur rounded by rich and extensive prairies, which have been transformed into splendid farms. Large quantities of bituminous coal are mined in this vicinity. This city will ever be memorable as the home of Abraham Lincoln, and as the place where his remains are entombed. In 1840 it had a pop ulation of 2,579; in 1850 it had 4,533; in 1860 it had 7,002; and in 1870 it had 17,364. Since the last date the population has increased rapidly. A new and magnificent State capitol has been erected, and Springfield may now be regarded as one of the flourishing cities of Illinois. Chicago, on the site of old Fort Dearborn, is now the largest interior city of the United States. It stands on the shore of Lake Michigan, with the 74 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. Chicago river flowing through it. As the great commercial emporium of the Northwest, a special account of this city will be given elsewhere. Among other large and thriving cities are Peoria, Quincy, Galena, Belleville, Alton, Rockford, Bloomington, Ottawa, Aurora, Lincoln, Rock Island, Galesburg, Joliet and Jacksonville. The internal improvements of Illinois are on a grand scale. The rail roads traverse almost every county, connecting her towns and cities with her great commercial city on the lake, and with the markets of the East. Besides these, she has her great canal, from Chicago to Peru, uniting the waters of Lake Michigan with the Mississippi river. This canal is 100 miles long. A few striking features of the natural scenery of this State may be men tioned. Along the Mississippi are bold and picturesque bluffs, rising from one to three hundred feet. " Starved Rock " and " Lover's Leap " are eminen ces on Illinois river, the former being a perpendicular mass of limestone, eight miles below Ottawa, and rising 150 feet above the river. It is so called from an incident in Indian warfare. A band of Illinois Indians took refuge on this eminence from the Pottawattamies, but being surrounded by the latter, they all died, it is said not of starvation, but of thirst. Nearly oppo site " Lover's Leap " is " Buffalo Rock," 100 feet high. Here the Indians formerly drove the buffalo, and with shouts caused them to crowd each other over the precipice. On the banks of the Ohio, in Hardin county, is "Cave in the Rock," the entrance to which is but little above the water. The cave ascends gradually from the entrance to the extreme limit, back 180 feet. In 1797 it was the rendezvous of a band of robbers, who sallied forth to rob boatmen and emigrants. Other outlaws have since, made it their abode. The following table shows the population of Illinois at the close of each decade, from 1800 to 1870. TEAR. COLORED. AGGREGATE. 1800.1810.1820.1830.1840.1850.1860.1870. 2,275 11,50153,788 155,061 472,254 846,034 1,704,291 2,511,096 183 781 1,374 2,384 3,929 5,4367,628 28,762 2,458 12,282 55,162 157,445476,183851,470 •1,711,951 *2,539,891 *The above aggregate for 1860 includes 32 enumerated as Indians, and the same number enumerated as Indians in 1870. MICHIGAN. Michigan was formed out of a part of the territory ceded to the United States by the State of Virginia. It was detached from Indiana Territory, and become a separate Territorial government under an act of Congress ap proved January 11, 1805. It remained for more than thirty years under a territorial form of government, but embraced a vast region not now inclu ded in the State. During this time there was considerable legislation in regard to its boundaries, the most important of which was the adjustment of the boundary line between Michigan and the State of Ohio, in 1836. In January, 1833, a memorial of the Legislative Council of the Territory was presented in Congress, praying for admission into- the Union as a State. The prayer of the memorial was not granted at that time, partly on account THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 75 of the disputed boundary question. Finally, on the 15th of June, 1836, an act was passed " to establish the northern boundary of the State of Ohio, and to provide for the admission of the State of Michigan into the Union, upon conditions therein expressed." One of the conditions was, that if a convention of delegates elected by the people of Michigan for the purpose of giving their assent to the boundaries, as declared and established by the act of June 15th, 1836, should first give their assent, then Michigan was to be declared one of the States of the Union. This condition having been complied with, Congress, on the 26th of January, 1837, passed an act de claring Michigan one of the United States, and admitting it into the Union upon an equal footing with the original States. Michigan occupies two peninsulas, the southern one lying between Lakes Erie, St. Clair and Huron on the east, and Lake Michigan on the west ; and the northern one between Lakes Michigan and Huron on the south, and Lake Superior on the north. The northern peninsula is about 320 miles in extreme length, from southeast to northwest, and 130 miles in its greatest width. The southern peninsula is about 283 miles from north to south, and 210 from east to west in its greatest width. The joint area of the two peninsulas is 56,243 square miles, or 35,595,520 acres. The northern penin sula embraces about two-fifths of the total area. The southern peninsula is generally an undulating plain, with a few slight elevations. The shores of Lake Huron are often characterized by steep bluffs, while those of Lake Michigan are coasted by shifting sand-hills, ris ing from one hundred to two hundred feet in height. In the southern part of this peninsula are large districts covered with thinly scattered trees, called "oak openings." The northern peninsula is in striking contrast with the southern, both as to soil and surface. It is rugged, with streams abounding in water-falls. The Wisconsin, or Porcupine Mountains, form the water-shed between Lakes Michigan and Superior, and attain an elevation of 2,000 feet in the northwestern portion of the peninsula. The shores of Lake Superior are composed of sandstone rock, which in places is worn by the winds and waves into many strange and fanciful shapes, resembling the ruins of castles, and forming the celebrated "Pictured Rocks." The northern peninsula of Michigan possesses probably the richest copper mines in the world, occupying a belt one hundred and twenty miles in length by from two' to six miles in width. It is rich in minerals, but rigorous in climate and sterile in soil. Coal is plentiful at Corunna, one hundred miles from Detroit. The State is so surrounded and intersected by lakes as to fairly entitle it to the soubriquet of " The Lake State." There are a number of small lakes in the interior of the State, which add to the general variety of scenery, but are not important to navigation. The Straits of Mackinaw (formerly writ ten Michilimackinac) divide the southern from the northern peninsula, and connect the waters of Lakes Michigan and Huron by a navigable channel. There are a number of small rivers, the most important in the southern pe ninsula being St. Joseph's, Kalamazoo, Grand, Muskegon and Manistee, all emptying into Lake Michigan; and Au Sable and Siganaw, flowing into Lake Huron, and the Huron and Raisin discharging their waters into Lake, Erie. The principal rivers of the northern peninsula are the Menomonee, Montreal and Ontonagon. The shores around the lakes are indented by nu merous bays. . Several small islands belong to Michigan, the most impor tant of which is Isle Royale, noted for its copper mines. 76 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. The climate of Michigan is generally rigorous, except in proximity to the lakes, where the fruits of the temperate zone succeed admirably. The north ern peninsula is favorable for winter wheat, but Indian corn does not suc ceed well. In the southern peninsula, Indian corn is produced abundantly, as well as the winter grains. This part of the State is pre-eminently agri cultural. Portions of the northern peninsula are heavily timbered with white pine, spruce, hemlock, birch, aspen, maple, ash and elm, and vast quantities of lumber are manufactured at the fine mill-sites afforded by the rapid streams. Timber is plentiful also in the southern peninsula, and consists chiefly of several species of oak, hickory, ash, basswood, maple, elm, linden, locust, dogwood, poplar, beech, sycamore, cottonwood, black and white walnut, cherry, pine, tamarack, cypress, cedar and chestnut. Northern Michigan abounds in picturesque scenery, among which may be mentioned the " Pictured Rocks," composed of sandstone of various col ors. They extend for about twelve miles, and rise 300 feet above the water. Sometimes cascades shoot over the precipice, so that vessels can sail between them and the natural wall of the rock. This portion of the State every sea son attracts large numbers of excursionists and pleasure-seekers, on account of its charming and interesting scenery. The State is named for the lake which forms a part of its boundary, and signifies in the Indian language, " Great Water." The first white settle ments were by the French, near Detroit and at Mackinaw, in the latter halt of the seventeenth century ; but these colonies did not progress rapidly. This territory, with other French possessions in North America, came into possession of Great Britain at the peace of 1763. It remained under the dominion of Great Britain until the American Revolution, when it became the possession of the United States. The British, however, did not surren der Detroit until 1796. This region was chiefly the scene of the exploits of the celebrated chief Pontiac, after the expulsion of the French. During the war of 1812, Michigan became the theater of several of the battles and many of the incidents connected with that war. At Frenchtown, in this State, January 22, 1813, occurred a cruel massacre by the savages of a party of American prisoners of war. Gen. Harrison soon after drove the enemy out of the Territory, and removed the seat of war into Canada, where he fought and gained the battle of the Thames. Lansing, the capital of Michigan, is situated on Grand river, in Ingham county one hundred and ten miles northwest of Detroit. It was selected for the seat of government in 1847, at which time it was surrounded by an al most unbroken wilderness. The river here affords excellent water power. A new and handsome State capitol has just been completed. Detroit, situated on the river from which it takes its name, eighteen miles from tha head of Lake Erie, is the largest city in the State. It was the capital until the removal of the seat of government to Lansing, in 1850. Historically it is one of the most interesting cities in the West. The French had here a military post as early as 1670. Three Indian tribes, the Hurons, Pottawattamies and Ottawas, had their villages in the vicinity. With other French possessions, it passed into the hands of the British at the peace of 1763, and twenty years later it came under the jurisdiction of the United States, although, as stated above, it was not surrendered until 1796. June 11th, 1805, it was almost totally destroyed by fire. Gen. Wm. Hull, first governor of the Territory of Michigan, then projected the city on a new THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 77 plan. On the 18th of August, 1812, this same Gen. Hhll surrendered it into the hands of the British, but the latter evacuated it September 29th of the same year. In 1870 the population was 79,577, and since then has rap idly increased. Among the other important towns and cities in the State, are Grand Rap ids, Adrian, Kalamazoo, Ann Arbor, Jackson and Monroe. The following table shows the population of Michigan at the close of each decade, from 1800 to 1870 : YEAR. COLORED. AGGREGATE. 1800. 1810. 1820.1830.1840.1850. 1860.1870. 551 4,6188,591 31,346 211,560395,071736,142 1,167,282 144174 293 707 2,5836,799 11,849 551 4,7628,765 31,639 212,276 397,654 *749,113 *1,184,059 *The above aggregate for 1860 includes 6,172 enumerated as Indians, and the aggregate for 1870 includes 4,926 enumerated as Indians. WISCONSIN. Wisconsin was formed out of a portion of the Territory of Michigan, but was originally a part of the Northwestern Territory ceded by the State of Virginia to the United States. On the 12th of December, 1832, a resolution passed the house of representatives directing, a committee to inquire into the expediency of creating a Territorial government for Wisconsin out of a part of Michigan. On the 20th of April, 1836, an act was passed and approved establishing a Territorial government. On the 20th • of June, 1838, an act was passed and approved to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, and to estab lish the Territorial government of Iowa. June 12, 1838, an act was passed designating the boundary line between the State of Michigan and the Terri tory of Wisconsin. On the 6th of August, 1846, an act was passed and approved to enable the people to form a constitution and State government. On the 21st of January, 1847, the people adopted a constitution, and on the 3d of March of the same year an act of Congress was passed and approved for the admission of the State into the Union. By act of May 29, 1848, the State was declared admitted into the Union, to be entitled to three represen tatives in Congress after March 3, 1849. The extreme length of Wisconsin from north to south is about 285 miles, and its greatest breadth from east to west is about 255 miles. It includes an area of about 53,924 square miles, or 34,51 1 ,360 acres. It is generally of an elevated rolling surface, with a large proportion of prairie. There are no mountains, properly so called, though the descent toward Lake Superior is quite abrupt, and the rivers full of rapids and falls, which afford valuable mill-sites. The great lakes, Superior and Michigan, lave the northern and eastern borders, besides which there are a number of smaller lakes, the most important of which is Lake Winnebago, southeast of the middle of the State. It is 28 miles long and 10 miles wide, and communicates with Green Bay through the Fox or Neenah river. In the northwestern part are numerous small lakes, with clear water, gravelly or rocky bottoms, and bold picturesque 78 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. shores. The rivers generally flow in a southwest direction and discharge their waters into the Mississippi, which flows along the southwest border of the State for more than 200 miles. The most important interior river is the Wipconsin, which has a course of about 200 miles almost directly south, when it changes its course westwardly, and flows about 100 miles further to its junction with the Mississippi. At favorable stages it is navigable for steamboats 180 miles. The Bad Axe, Black, Chippewa, and St. Croix rivers are important streams for floating timber and lumber from the pine region in the northwest part of the State. The streams flowing into Lake Superior are small, but rapid, affording excellent mill-sites. The climate is severe and the winters long, but the State is free from the unhealthy changes which are common farther south. The south and middle portions form a fine agricultural region. Wheat is the great staple produc tion, though all kinds of small grain and Indian corn are raised successfully. Large portions of the State are well adapted to grazing and the dairy. The northern part of the State, about the head- waters of the Black and Chippewa rivers, and the sources of the rivers emptying into Lake Superior, has but limited agricultural capabilities, as in that region are many ponds and marshes, and also large quantities of boulders scattered over the surface. There are many objects of interest to the tourist and the lover of the picturesque. The rivers abound in rapids and falls. In St. Louis river there is a series of cascades which have a descent of 320 feet in 16 miles. The Menomonee river at Quinnesec Falls dashes down over a perpendicular ledge of rocks 40 feet, and has a fall of 134 feet in a mile and a half. Among other noted falls are the St. Croix, Chippewa and Big Bull Falls in the Wis consin river. Along the rivers are many grand views of bluffs, rising from 150* to 200 feet, and at one place in Richland county on the Wisconsin, where it passes through a narrow gorge, the cliffs have an elevation of from 400 to 500 feet. On the Mississippi, in -La Crosse county, the rocks rise 500 feet perpendicularly above the water. The great lead region extends into the southwestern part of Wisconsin. The deposit here is intermingled to some extent with copper and zinc, together with some silver. Copper is found in a number of places, and also some iron ore. The iron ores of the Lake Superior region extend into Wis consin. Beautiful varieties of marble are found on the Menomonee river and in other localities. On the upper Wisconsin river, and other tributaries of the Mississippi, north of the Wisconsin, are vast forests of pine, and immense quantities are annually floated down the Mississippi to supply the markets in other States. Among other forest trees are spruce, tamarack, cedar, hemlock, oak of sev eral varieties, birch, aspen, basswood, hickory, elm, ash, poplar, sycamore and sugar-maple. Wisconsin was visited at an early period by French missionaries, and a settlement was made in the latter part of the seventeenth century. Madison, the capital of the State, is situated on an isthmus between Lakes Mendota and Monona, 80 miles west of Milwaukee, and 132 miles northwest of Chicago. When the place was selected for the seat of government in 1836, there were no buildings except a solitary log cabin. The State capitol is a fine looking stone building erected at a cost of $500,000, and stands on an elevation seventy feet above the lakes. The city overlooks a charming country, diversified by a pleasing variety of scenery. It has steadily ana rapidly increased in population. THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 79 The great city of Wisconsin is Milwaukee (called at an early day "Mil- wacky") and next to Chicago may bo regarded as the commercial metropolis of the Northwest. It is situated on the west shore of Lake Michigan, about gOmiles north of Chicago. Milwaukee river empties into the lake at this point. The city is situated on both sides of the river, and has one of the best harbors on the whole chain of lakes. The fine water power of the Mil waukee river is an important element in its prosperity. Being a port of entry, the government has expended large sums in the improvements of its harbor, and in the erection of public buildings. In 1805 Jacques Vieau, a half-breed trader whose house was at Green Bay, visited the country at the mouth of the Milwaukee river for the pur pose of trading with the Indians. This he did annually until in September, 1818, when he brought with him a young man named Solomon Juneau, who became his son-in-law. The young man established friendly relations with the Indians, and in 1822 erected a block-house on the site of the present city of Milwaukee. He remained for 18 years the only permanent white resi dent, being visited occasionally by fur traders to whom he sold goods. In 1836, the village which has grown to be a large city, began to appear. Jun eau died in 185,6, at the age of 64 years, having lived to see the place he founded grow to a prosperous and flourishing city. In 1836 the population was 275 ; in 1840, it was 1810 ; in 1850, it was 19,873 ; in 1860, it was 45,286 ; in 1870, it was 71,640; and at the present time (1878) it is estimated at 123,- 000. Among other important towns and cities of Wisconsin are Racine, Janes- ville, Oshkosh, Fond du Lac, Watertown, Sheboygan, Beliot, Kenosha, La Crosse, Wauwatosa, Manitowoc, Portage City, Platteville, Sheboygan Falls, Beaver Dam, Whitewater, Port Washington, Green Bay, Mineral Point, Shullsburg, Monroe, Prescott, and Hudson. The following table shows the population of Wisconsin at the close of each decade from 1800 to 1870: YEAR. WHITE. COLORED. AGGREGATE. 1800 115 30,749 304,756 773,693 1,051,351 196 635 1,171 2,113 J 115 1810 1820 1830 1840 30 945 1860 : 305,391 *775,881 *1,054,670 *The above aggregate for 1860 includes 1017 enumerated as Indians, and the aggregate for 1870 includes 1206 enumerated as Indians. MINNESOTA. The eastern portion of Minnesota formed a part of the territory surrendered by the French to Great Britain at the peace of 1763, and subsequently by the latter to the United States at the close of the Revolution. The western portion is a part of the territory known as the Louisiana Purchase, ceded by France to the United States in 1803. It received a Territorial form of gov ernment under an act of Congress which became a law March 3, 1849, and was admitted into the Union as a State May 11, 1853. The extreme length of Minnesota north and south is about 380 miles, and 80 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. in width is about 300 miles. It embraces an area of 81,259 square miles, or 52,005,760 acres. The face of the country generally presents the appearance of an undulating plain, although it is the most elevated tract of country between the Gulf of Mexico and Hudson's Bay. There are no mountains, but the summits of the water-sheds rise to a height of nearly two thousand feet above the level of the sea. Minnesota is one of the best watered States in the Union, being drained by many rivers and dotted over with innumerable small lakes and some of con siderable size. The great Mississippi has its humble origin as a mere rivulet in Lake Itasca. This diminutive stream, here but a few feet in width, first meanders in a northeasterly direction, receiving tribute as it passes from a number of other small lakes, when it changes its course to the south, and after meandering a length of six hundred miles in Minnesota, dashes its waters down over the Falls of St. Anthony, then flows along the border of the State two hundred miles further, and thence grandly pursues its course to the Gulf of Mexico. Several tributaries of the Mississippi drain the southeastern portion of the State. The Red River of the North drains the northern part, passing off into Hudson's Bay. It is the outlet of a number of lakes, among which are Traverse, Otter Tail, and Red. This river also forms the west boundary of the State for about two hundred miles. That portion of the State sloping toward Lake Superior is drained by the St. Louis and its tributaries. St. Peters, or Minnesota river, has a total length of over four hundred miles within the State. Its principal branch is Blue Earth or Mankato river, which flows nearly north. The St. Peters, Crow- Wing and Crow rivers, are tributaries of the Mississippi from the west. Lake Superior forms a part of the eastern boundary, and the Lake of the Woods a part of the northern. Among other lakes of considerable size are Rainy, Red Lake, Lake Cass,- and Leech Lake. Devil Lake in the north west part is about 40 miles long and 15 miles wide, and is said to have no visible outlet. Lake Pepin is an expansion of the Mississippi in the north eastern part of the State, and is a beautiful sheet of water. The State abounds in small lakes which are mostly clear and beautiful. Owing to the multitude of lakes Minnesota seldom suffers from inundations, as they tend to check the sudden rise and violence of the streams. The climate of the northern part of Minnesota is severe, but in the southern part is not so rigorous as to prevent fair crops of Indian corn from being produced some seasons. Wheat and other winter grains succeed ad mirably in nearly all parts. In the valleys of the rivers the soil is excellent, and even the valley of the Red River of the North is regarded as a fine agricultural region. Wheat is the great staple and the facilities for manu facturing flour are unsurpassed, as the water power is practically unlimited. A portion of the State is heavily timbered with pine, and one of the great industries is the manufacture of lumber. Extensive forests of pine grow on the Rum, St. Croix, and Pine rivers, and on the shores of the Mississippi, below Pokegamin Falls. Taken, as a whole, however, Minnesota cannot be called a well-wooded country. The river bottoms furnish some very good growths of oak, aspen, soft maple, basswood, ash, birch, white walnut, linden and elm. In the swamps or marshy places are found tamarack, cedar, and cypress. Minnesota presents to the tourist many natural objects of interest, especially in her grand and beautiful scenery along the Mississippi and around her lakes. St. Anthony's Falls are celebrated, not so much for their magnitude as a THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 81 cataract, as for their geological interest and the wild scenery connected with them. Like Niagara, /the falls are divided by an island, with the larger volume of water passing on the west side. This west division is 310 yards wide. The greatest perpendicular fall of water is but j 6f feet, but in cluding the rapids the descent is 58 feet in 260 rods. The rivers of Minne sota have numerous picturesque falls and rapids, and are in many places bordered with perpendicular bluffs of limestone and sandstone. So far as revealed by geological examination, Minnesota possesses no great mineral or metallic wealth. There is, however, a rich deposit of iron ore in that part of the State bordering on Lake Superior. A thin vein of lead was discovered by the geological corps of Prof. Owen on Waraju river, and some copper was found, but not " in place," having probably been car ried thither by the drift. Stone suitable for building purposes exists in treat abundance. In the southwest part of the State is a singular deposit nown as " red pipestone." Of this the Indians made their pipes, and the place of its deposit was held in great sacredness by them. It is said that different tribes at enmity with each other, met here on terms of amity and smoked the pipe of peace. Longfellow has rendered this locality celebrated in " Hiawatha." It was here — " On the Mountains of the Prairie, On the great Red Pipe-stone Quarry, Gitche Manito, the mighty, ' He the Master of Life, descending, On the red crags of the quarry. Stood erect, and called the nations, Called the tribes of men together." The first white men who are said to have visited the country now embraced in Minnesota, were two fur traders in the year 1654. They returned to Mon treal two years afterward and gave a glowing account of the country. This was followed by the visits of trappers and missionaries, and to the latter we are indebted for the first printed accounts of Minnesota. In 1805 an explor ing expedition under Pike traversed the country. A military post was established at Fort Snelling in 1819. Excepting a British settlement at Pembina, which was not then known to be within the limits of the United States, no settlements were formed in Minnesota until after 1840. St. Paul, the capital of Minnesota, is in Ramsey county, on the bank of the Mississippi, 2070 miles from its mouth, and 9 miles by land below the Falls of St. Anthony. The first settlement was made about the year 1840. The population has increased rapidly, and as a manufacturing, commercial and business place it has assumed considerable importance. Minneapolis, a few miles above St. Paul, is a rapidly growing city, and is noted for its great water power and manufacturing resources. Among other important towns are Stillwater, Red Wing, St. Anthony, Fort Snelling, and Mankato. The following table shows the population of Minnesota at the close of each decade from 1850 to 1870: YEAR. WHITE. COLORED. AGGREGATE. 1850 6,038 169,395 438,257 39 259 759 6,077 I860 *172,023 *439,706 * The above aggregate for 1860 includes 2369 enumerated as Indians, and the aggregate for 1870 includes 690 enumerated as Indians. 82 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. NEBEASKA. Nebraska is formed out of a part of the territory ceded to the United States by France by the treaty of April 30, 1804. It was^ erected into a separate Territory May 30, 1854, the limits subsequently being greatly reduced by the formation of Dakota Territory in 1861, a right reserved in the act creating the Territory of Nebraska. It was admitted into the Union as a State, March 1, 1867. Nebraska is in its extreme length from east to west about 412 miles, and in breadth from north to south about 208 miles, embracing an area of 75,905 square miles, or 48,836,800 acres. The greater portion of the State is an elevated undulating prairie with a general inclination toward the Missouri river. There are no mountains or very high hills. The soil is various, but fenerally fertile, except in the western portion near the base of the Rocky lountains. The bottom lands along the rivers are not surpassed in fertility by any in the United States, while the higher undulating prairie is equally productive with that of other western States. When the prairies are once broken they are easy of cultivation, the soil being light and mellow. The staple productions are wheat, Indian corn, oats, and other cereals common to the latitude. The climate is mild, as compared with that of the same latitude on the Atlantic. The summers are sometimes very warm, and the extreme western part is occasionally deficient in rain. Taken as a whole, however, this is destined to become one of the foremost agricultural States in the Union. Nebraska is deficient in native timber, but the older settled portions are dotted over with groves of artificial or cultivated timber, which is so rapid in its growth as to require but a few years to produce enough for the ordinary wants of the settler. The rivers and streams aie generally bordered with groves of native trees, including oak, walnut, hickory, cotton wood and willow. Along the Missouri river in places are some heavy growths of cottonwool The Missouri river forms the entire eastern boundary, and is navigable for steamboats throughout the whole extent of that boundary and for nnn- dreds of miles above. Amongthe important interior rivers are the Platte, the Niobrara, the Republican Fork of the Kansas, the Elkhorn, the Loup Fork of the Platte, the Big Blue and the Nemaha. These rivers are so dis tributed, as, with their numerous tributaries, to afford admirable drainage to all parts of the State, and as a consequence it is free from marshes, conduc ing to the excellent health for which Nebraska is noted. So far as yet revealed, the State is not rich in minerals. Coal, however, has recently been discovered in the southeastern part, in a vein sufficiently thick for mining. Near Lincoln are some salt springs of sufficient magni tude to yield large quantities of salt. On Platte river and other streams both limestone and sandstone are obtained of suitable quality for building material. Rapid progress has been made in the construction of railroads in Nebraska. Among them are the Union Pacific and its branches, the Burlington & Mis souri River and its branches, and others, affording railroad advantages to a large portion of the State, and connecting the principal towns with the main lines, east, west and south. Lincoln, the capital of Nebraska, is in Lancaster county, in the southeast ern part of the State. Here are most of the State institutions. It is a thriving young city and is in the midst of a fine agricultural portion of the State. Near it, on a little stream known as Salt Creek, are a number of THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 83 salt springs, and considerable quantities of salt have been manufactured. Railroads connect it with all the great markets of the country. Omaha is the leading commercial city of the State, and is located on the west bank of the Missouri river in Douglas county. It is 18 miles by land above the mouth of the Platte river. The principal portion of the city is situated on gently rising slopes extending from the river to the bluffs. The elevations are crowned with fine residences, and command pleasant views of the river and valley, with the city of Council Bluffs, Iowa, in the distance. Since the completion of the Union Pacific Railroad it has grown in popula tion and wealth very rapidly. A costly iron railroad bridge spans the Mis souri river at this point. As a produce, shipping and general commercial point it is rapidly growing into prominence. It was the first capital of the Territory and State, and takes its name from a tribe of Indians. Among other important towns and cities are Nebraska City, Columbus, Kearney, Grand Island, Hastings, Plattsmouth, Tecumseh, and Niobrara. The following table shows the population of Nebraska by the census of 1860 and 1870: WHITE. COLORED. AGGREGATE. I860.1870. 28,696 122,117 82 789 28,841 122,993 In the aggregate for 1860, the enumeration includes 63 Indians, and in that of 1870, the iclu~ enumeration includes 87 Indians. MISSOUEI. Missouri was formed out of a part of the territory ceded by France to the United States in 1803. By an act approved March 26th, 1804, the French, or Louisiana purchase, was divided, that part embracing the present State of Missouri being at first designated as the District of Louisiana. The name was changed to Territory of Louisiana, by an act passed March 3d, 1805, and again by an act of June 4, 1812, Louisiana Territory was changed to Missouri Territory. By an act passed March 2, 1819, the southern por tion was detached and organized as the Territory of Arkansas. During the same year the people of the Territory of Missouri, through their Legislative Council and House of Representatives, memorialized Congress for admis sion into the Union as a State. On the 6th of March following an act was passed to authorize the people of the Territory to form a State constitution. Missouri being the first State formed wholly out of territory west of the Mississippi, the question of the extension of slavery came up and gave rise to a stormy debate in Congress while the Missouri bill, as it was called, was pending. The propriety and expediency of extending that in stitution to the new States wes-t of the Mississippi, was powerfully and earn estly contested, and resulted in a compromise restricting slavery to certain limits, and prohibiting the extension of slavery to certain territory. The bill, however, of March 6th, passed without restrictions. The people on the 19th of July, 1820, adopted their constitution, which was laid before Con gress November 16th of the same year. The Senate passed a joint resolu tion declaring the admission of the State of Missouri into the Union. This was referred to a select committee in the House of Representatives, and on 84 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. the 10th of February, 1 821, Mr. Clay made a report. The House rejected the resolution, and on motion of Mr. Clay, a committee on the part of the House was appointed to join a committee on the part of the Senate to con sider the subject and report. On the 26th of February, Mr. Clay, from the joint committee, reported a " Resolution providing for the admission of the State of Missouri into the Union, on a certain condition." This resolution was passed and approved, March 2, 1821. The condition was that Missouri, by its legislature, should assent to a condition that a part of the State con stitution should never be construed to authorize the passage of a law by which any citizen of either of the States in the Union should be excluded from the enjoyment of any of the priviliges and immunities to which such citizen is entitled under the Constitution of the United States. What was known as the " Missouri Compromise," was embraced in the act of the pre vious session, which authorized the people of the State of Missouri to form a State constitution, and consisted of a compromise section in the bill by which slavery was to be forever prohibited in that part of the territory west of the Mississippi (except the State of Missouri), lying north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude. Thus, after fierce and stormy debates, running through two sessions of Congress, Missouri came into the Union, and the exciting question of slavery was supposed also to have been settled. On the 10th of August, 1821, President Monroe issued his proclamation declaring the admission of Missouri completed, according to law. Missouri in its greatest length from east to west is about 285 miles, and in width from north to south, 280 miles. It embraces an area of 67,380 square miles, or 43,123,200 acres. That portion of it north of the Missouri river is mostly undulating prairie and timber land, while that portion south of the Missouri river is characterized by a great variety of surface. In the southeast part, near the Mississippi, is an extensive area of marshy land. The region forming the outskirts of the Ozark Mountains is hilly and bro ken. West of the Osage river is a vast expanse of prairie. The geological ¦ features of Missouri are exceedingly interesting. Coal, jron and several kinds of stone and marble for building purposes exist in great abundance. A vast region, in the vicinity of Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob, produces iron of the best quality, and exists in inexhaustible* quantity. It is also found in other parts of the State. There is also lead, which has been mined in considerable quantities. Copper is found throughout the mineral region, but is found combined with other minerals. Silver is also combined with the lead ore. The bituminous coal deposits are mainly on both sides of the Missouri river, below the mouth of the Osage, and extending forty miles up that river. Cannel-coal is found in Callaway county. Missouri possesses the advantages of two of the greatest navigable rivers in the United^ States — the Mississippi, which forms her entire eastern boundary, and the Missouri, which flows along her northwestern border nearly two hundred miles, and crosses the State in a south-easterly course to its junc tion with the Mississippi. As both of these rivers are navigable for the largest steamers, the State- has easy and ready commercial intercourse to the Gulf of Mexico and the Rocky Mountains, as well as up the Ohio to Pitts burg. Besides the Missouri, the State has several important interior rivers, to-wit : Grand river and Chariton, tributaries of the Missouri river from the north, and the Osage and Gasconade from the south ; also, Salt river and Maramec, tributaries of the Mississippi. The St. Francis and White river THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 85 drain the southeastern part, passing from the State into Arkansas. The Osage is navigable for steamboats about 275 miles. Missouri as a State has many material resources, fitting her for becoming one of the most wealthy and populous States in the Union. The soil is gen erally excellent, producing the finest crops, while those portions not so well adapted to agriculture are rich in minerals. The greater portion of the State is well timbered. In the river bottoms are heavy growths of oak, elm, ash, hickory, cottonwood, sugar, and white and black walnut. On the uplands also are found a great variety of trees. Various fruits, including apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries and strawberries, are produced in the greatest abundance. Among the staple productions are Indian corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, hemp and tobacco. A great variety of other crops are also raised. The State has an uneven and variable climate- — the winters being very cold and the summers excessively hot. Chills and fever- are common to some extent along the rivers. The earliest settlement in Missouri seems to have been by the French, about the year 1719. About that time they built what was called Fort Orleans, near Jefferson City, and the next year worked the lead mines to some extent. Ste. Genevieve was settled in 1755, also by the French, and is the oldest town in the State. Missouri's greatest commercial metropolis, St. Louis, was first settled in 1764, the earliest settlers being mostly French. Jefferson City, the capital of the State, is situated on the right bank of the Missouri river, in Cole county. It is 128 miles by land, and 155 miles by water from St. Louis. The location being elevated, commands a fine view of the river, with the pleasant and picturesque scenery which is presented at this point on the Missouri. St. Louis, the great commercial city of Missouri, as well as of a large por tion of the Northwest, is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi, twenty miles below the mouth of the Missouri, and 174 above the mouth of the Ohio. It is 744 miles below the Falls of St. Anthony, and 1194 miles above New Orleans. The city enjoys many natural advantages as a com mercial emporium, being situated nearly midway between the two oceans, and centrally in the finest agricultural region on the globe. With the greatest navigable river on the continent, affording her a water highway to the ocean, and to many of the large inland cities of the country, St. Louis is rapidly and surely going forward to a grand future. Her already great and constantly improving system of railways, is tending every year to open up to her larger fields of business and commercial intercourse. Of late years a stroUg rivalry has sprung up between St. Louis and Chicago, in regard to population, etc., each claiming to be the third city in the Union. The in crease of St. Louis since the war has been great, the ascendency being at an "nnual rate of about ten per cent. At this increase she is fast earning the soubriquet of the " Future Great City." The site on which St. Louis stands was selected February 15th, 1764, by Laclede, as a post possessing peculiar advantages for collecting and trading in furs, as well as for defense against the Indians. For many years it was but a frontier village, the principal trade of which was in furs, buffalo robes, and other collections of trappers and hunters. A great part of the popula tion was absent during the hunting and trapping seasons, so that the in fancy of this city was almost a struggle for existence. As late as 1820, the population was but 4,598. The first brick house was erected in 1813. 'In 86 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 1822, St. Louis was chartered as a city, under the title given by Laclede in in honor of Louis XV of France. In 1830 the population was 6,694, an increase of only 2,096 in ten years. In 1840 the population had reached 16,469; in 1850 it was 77,950, including 2,650 slaves; in 1860 the popula tion was 160,773 ; and in 1870 it was 312,963. Kansas City, one of the rapidly advancing young cities of the State, is situated on the Missouri river just below the mouth of the Kansas. In 1870 the population was 32,260. Since that time there has been a rapid in crease, both in population and business. St. Joseph is one of the flourishing cities, and is situated on the left, or east bank of the Missouri river, 496 miles by water from St. Louis. It was laid out in 1843, and became an important point of departure for overland emigration to California and Oregon. In 1870 the population was 19,560, but has rapidly increased since then. Among the important and thriving towns and cities are Hannibal, Spring field, Boonville, Lexington, Chillicothe, Independence, Palmyra, Canton, Iron Mount and Moberly. The following table shows the population of Missouri at the close of each decade, from 1810 to 1870 : YEAR. WHITE. COLORED. :¦•& AGGREGATE, 1810 17,227 55,988 114,795 323,888592,004 1,063,489 1,603,146 3,618 10,569 25,66059,81490,040 118,503 118.071 20,845 66,557 1830 140,455 383,702 1850 682,044 I860 • •1,182,012*1 ,721,295 *The aggregate for 1860 includes 20 enumerated as Indians, and the aggregate for 1870 includes 75 enumerated as Indians. EXPEDITION OF LEWIS AND CLARKE. Organization of Exploring Party — Departure — Osage Indians — Strange Tradition of the Ori gin of the Osage Nation— The Missouris — Old French Fort— Artificial Mounds— The Ot- toes and Pawnees — Indian Graves — The Ayauway Indians — Council with Indians at Coun- ". cil Bluffs — Little Sioux River— Death of Sergeant Floyd — Great Sioux River — Red Pipe stone Quarries — Buffalo and other Animals — Mountain of the Little Spirits — Council with the Sioux — Indian Idols — The Mandans — Winter Quarters — White and Brown Bears- Antelopes — Black Hills— First View of Rocky Mountains— Natural Scenery— The Great Falls of the Missouri — Shoshones — Sources of the Missouri — Columbia River — The Tush- epaws — Short of Provisions — Pierced-Nose Indians — Down Lewis River — The Sokulks— Great Falls of the Columbia— The Echeloots — Wooden Houses — Fingers as War Tro- pies— Sight of the Pacific — Fort Clatsop — Return — Arrival at St. Louis. In January, 1803, President Jefferson, in a confidential message to Con- ' gress in regard to Indian affairs, took occasion to recommend, among other things, the organization of a party to trace the Missouri river to its source, and thence proceed to the Pacific ocean. The recommendation was favor ably considered, and Capt. Merriwether Lewis, was, on his own application, appointed to take charge of the expedition. Wm. Clarke was subsequently associated with him, so that this celebrated expedition is known in our his tory as that of Lewis and Clarke. The incidents of this long, tedious, and romantic journey are worthy to be related as among the most interesting THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 87 in the annals of American adventure. At that time all that vast region bordering on the Upper Missouri and its tributaries, as well as the regions bordering on the Pacific, were unknown and unexplored by white men. By the latter part of the year 1803 the party comprising the expedition was made up and ready to start. The highest settlement of whites on the Mis souri river at that time was at a place called La Charrette, sixty -eight miles above the mouth. At this place it had been the design of Capt. Lewis to winter, but the Spanish authorities of Louisiana had not yet received official information of the transfer of the country to the United States. For this reason the party remained in winter quarters at the mouth of Wood river, on the east side of the Mississippi. Besides Captains Lewis and Clarke, the party was made up nine young men from Kentucky, twelve soldiers of the regular army, two Frenchmen as watermen and interpreters, and a colored servant belonging to Captain Clarke — twenty-six persons in all. A corporal, six soldiers and nine water men, in addition to the above, were engaged to accompany the expedition as far as the country of the Mandans, as there was some apprehension of at tacks by the Indians between Wood river and that tribe. Three boats were provided for the expedition. The largest was a keel- boat, fifty-five feet long, drawing three feet of water, carrying one large square sail, and twenty-two oars. The other two were open boats, one of six, and the other of seven oars. The expedition started from the encampment at the mouth of Wood river on Monday, May 14, 1804. Captain Lewis, who was at that time in St. Louis, joined the expedition at St. Charles, twenty-one miles up the Missouri, which place they reached on the 16th. Here they remained until the 21st, when they proceeded on their voyage, reaching La Charrette, the last white settlement, on the evening of the 25th. The village consisted of but seven poor families. On the 1st of June they arrived at the mouth of the Osage, one hundred and thirty-three miles on their journey. The coun try bordering on this river was inhabited by a tribe known as the Osage Indians. They had a remarkable tradition among them as to the origin of their nation. They believed that its founder was a snail passing a quiet ex istence along the banks of the Osage, till a flood swept him down to the Mis souri and there left him exposed on the shore. By the heat of the sun he was changed to a man. The change, however,, did not cause him to forget his native place away up on the banks of the Osage, and he immediately sought his old home. Being overtaken with hunger and fatigue, the Great Spirit appeared, gave him a l)ow and arrow, and taught him to kill deer and prepare its flesh for food and its skin for clothing. When he arrived at his original place of residence he was met by a beaver, who inquired who he was, and by what authority he came to disturb his possession. The Osage replied that he had once lived on the borders of that river and that it was his own home. While they were disputing the daughter of the beaver ap peared, and entreated her father to be reconciled to the young stranger. The father yielded to her entreaties, and the Osage sobn married the beaver's daughter. They lived happily on the banks of the Psage, and from them soon came the villages and nation of the Osages. Ever since they entertained a pious reverence for their ancestors, never killing a beaver, for by so doing they would slay a brother. It has been observed, however, that after the opening of the fur trade with the whites, the sanctity of their maternal relations was very much reduced. 6 88 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. The next tribe mentioned by the explorers was that of the Missouris, once a powerful nation, but then reduced to about thirty families. _ They finally united with the Osages and the Ottoes, and as a separate nation became ex- v tinct. The Sauks, Ayauways (lowas), and the Sioux are mentioned as being the enemies of the Osages, and as making frequent excursions against them. On the 26th of June they arrived at the mouth of the Kansas, 340 miles from the Mississippi, where they remained two days for rest and repairs. Here resided the tribe of Indians of the same name, and had two villages not far from the mouth of the river. This tribe at that time had been re duced by the Sauks and Ayauways to only about three hundred men. The party at this stage of their journey, saw numerous buffalo on the prairies. On the 2d of July the party passed Bear Medicine Island, near which were the remains of an old fort, built by the French, the ruins of the chimneys and the general outline of the fortification being visible. On the 8th of July they reached the mouth of the Nodawa. The river is mentioned as navigable for boats some distance. On the 11th they landed at the mouth of the Nemahaw. Mention is made of several artificial mounds on the Ne- mahaw, about two miles up the stream at the mouth of a small creek, From the top of the highest mound there was a fine view of the country. On the 14th they passed the Nishnahbatona river, finding it to be only three hundred yards from the Missouri at a distance of twelve miles from its mouth. Platte river and other streams, both in Iowa and Nebraska, are men tioned and the country described with great accuracy. Along in this part of the country were the first elk they had seen. On the 22d of July the explorers encamped on the north (Iowa) side of the river, ten miles above the mouth of the Platte river, to make observa tions and to hold an interview with the neighboring tribes. They remained here in camp until the 27th. Among the streams mentioned in this vicin ity are the Papillon, Butterfly Creek and Moscheto Creek, the last named being a small stream near Council Bluffs. In mentioning them we use the orthography of the explorers, which in some instances diners from that now in use. The Indians who occupied the country about the mouth of Platte river at this time were the Ottoes and Pawnees. The Ottoes were much reduced, and formerly lived about twenty miles above the Platte on the Nebraska side of the river. They lived at this time under the protection of the Pawnees. The latter were also much dispersed and broken. One band of the nation formerly lived on the Republican branch of the Kanzas River. Another band were the Pawnee Loups, or Wolf Pawnees, who re sided on the Wolf fork of the Platte. Another band originally resided on the Kanzas and Arkansaw, but in their wars with the Osages they were often defeated and retired to the Red river. Various other tribes living fur ther west, are mentioned. On the 27th they continued their journey, and about ten leagues from their encampment, on the south (Nebraska) side of the river, they saw and examined a curious collection of graves, or mounds. They were of different heights, shapes and sizes. Some were of sand, and - others of both earth and sand. They were supposed to indicate the position of the ancient village of the Ottoes before they retired to the protection of the Pawnees. On the 29th they passed the spot where the Ayauway Indians, a branch of the Ottoes, once lived, and who had emigrated from that place to the Des Moines. Mention is here made of an interview with one of the Missouri Indians who lived with the Ottoes, and the resemblance of his language to that of the Osages, particularly in calling a chief mca. THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 89 On the 30th of July the party encamped on the south (Nebraska) side ot the river. At that place next to the river was a plain, and back of it a wooded ridge, rising about seventy feet above the plain. At the edge of this ridge they formed their camp, and sent an invitation to the Indians to meet them. From the bluffs at this point they mention a most beautiful view of the river and adjoining country. The latitude of the camp was de termined by observation to be 41 degrees 18 minutes and 14 seconds. The messenger sent to invite the Ottoes returned on the evening of the 2d of August, with fourteen Ottoe and Missouri Indians, accompanied by a French man who resided among them, and who acted as interpreter. Lewis and Clarke made them presents of pork, flour and meal, and the Indians returned presents of watermelons. The next morning (Aug. 3d) a council was held with the six chiefs who were of the party of Indians ; they were told of the change in the government, and promised protection and advised as to their future con duct. All the chiefs expressed their joy at the change in the government, and wished to be recommended to the Great Father (the President) that they might obtain trade and necassaries. They asked the mediation of the Great Father between them and the Mahas (Omahas), with whom they were then at war. At the conclusion of the council medals and other presents were given to the chiefs, and also some presents to the other Indians who were with them. The grand chief of the Ottoes was not present, but to him was sent a flag, a medal, and some ornaments for clothing. The ex plorers gave to the place where this council was held the name of Council Bluffs. The reader will remember, however, that it was above the present city of Council Bluffs, Iowa, and was on the Nebraska side of the river. On the afternoon of the 3d. of August they resumed their journsy, and on the 7th arrived at the mouth of a river on the north side, called by the Sioux Indians, Eaneahwadepon (Stone river), and by the French, Petite Riviere des Sioux, or in English, Little Sioux river. The explorers were informed by their interpreter (M. Durion) that this river rises within about nine miles of the Des Moines; that within fifteen leagues of that river it passes through a large lake, nearly sixty miles in circumference, and divided into two parts by rocks, which approach each< other very closely. Its width is various; it contains many islands, and is known by the name of Lac d' Esprit — Spirit Lake. The country watered by it is open and undulating, and may be visited in boats up the river for some distance. The interpreter further added that the Des Moines was about eighty yards wide where the Little Sioux ap proaches it; that it was shoaljy, and that toe of its principal branches was called Cat river. The interpreter claimed to have been to the sources of the Little Sioux, and those who are familiar with the country about Spirit Lake, will concede that he described it quite accurately. The explorers speak of a long island two miles above the mouth of the Little Sioux, which they named Pelican island, from the large number of pelicans which were feeding on it, one of Vhich they killed. They also killed an elk. On the 10th they passed the first highland near the river, after leaving their encampment at Council Bluffs. Not far from this, on a high bluff, was the grave of Blackbird, one of the great chiefs of the Mahas, who had died of small-pox four years be fore. The grave was marked by a mound twelve feet in diameter at the base, and six feet high, and was on an elevation about 300 feet above the water. In the center of the grave was a pole eight feet high. Near this the Mahas had a village, and lost four hundred men of their nation, and a like proportion of women and children by the small-pox at the time that Blackbird died. 90 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. After this dreadful scourge they burned their village, which had consisted of three hundred cabins. On a hill at the rear of the place where the village stood were the graves of the nation. On the evening of the 18th the ex plorers were again visited at their camp by a party of Ottoes and Missouris, who entertained them with a dance. The professed object of their visit was to ask intercession for promoting peace between them and the Mahas, but probably the real object was to share a portion of the strangers' provisions and liquors. The next day, August 20th, after passing a couple of islands, they lauded on the north side of the river, under some bluffs — the first near the river on that side after leaving the Ayauway village. It was here that the party had the misfortune to lose one of their men— Sergeant Charles Floyd. He had the day before been siezed with a billious colic. Before his death he said to Captain Clarke, " I am going to leave you ; I want you to write me a letter." Soon after making this request the brave soldier passed away. He was buried on the top of the bluff, with honors due to a soldier. The place of his inter ment was marked by a cedar post, on which his name and the day of his death were inscribed. About a mile further up on the same side of the Mis souri, they came to a small river, to which they gave the name of Floyd river, in honor of their deceased companion. The place of the burial of Sergeant Floyd was but a short distance below where Sioux City now stands. During a great freshet in the spring of 1857, the Missouri river washed away a por tion of the bluff, exposing the remains of the soldier. The citizens of Sioux City and vicinity repaired to the place, and with appropriate ceremonies, re- intorred them some distance back from the river on the same bluff. The same cedar post planted by his companions over his grave on that summer day more than half a century before, remained to mark the place of inter ment up to 1857, although during nearly all this time the country had been inhabited only by savages. On the 21st of August the expedition passed the site where Sioux City now stands, and noted in their journal the confluence of the Great Sioux river with the Missouri. From their interpreter, M. Durion, they received an account of the Great Sioux river. He stated that it was navigable for more than two hundred miles, to the great falls, and even beyond them. The reader will remember that this was before the time of steamboats on western waters. He mentioned a creek that emptied into the Great Sioux below the falls, which passed through cliffs of red rock, out of which the Indians made their pipes; that the necessity for "procuring that article had caused the intro duction of a law among the nations, by which the banks of that creek were held to be sacred, and even tribes at war met at the quarries without hos tility. These were what are now known as the " Red Pipestone Quarries," in southwestern Minnesota. A few miles above the mouth of the Great Sioux, on the north, or Dakota side of the river, they killed a buffalo, a deer and a beaver. They also saw some elk. The place where the buffalo was killed they described as a beau tiful prairie, and gave it the name of Buffalo Prairie. ' They mention on the south side of the river, a bluff of blue clay, rising to the height of 180 or 190 feet. Several miles from this, on the south side of the river, CaptaiBs Lewis and Clarke, with ten of their men, went to see a mound regarded with great terror by the Indians, and called by them the Mountain of the Little Spirits. They believed it was the abode of little devils in human form, eighteen inches high, and having large heads; that they had sharp arrows, THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 91 and were always on the watch to kill those who might approach their place of residence. The Sioux, Mahas and Ottoes never would visit the hill or mound for fear of the vengeance of the Little Spirits. The mound, though extraordinary in its' formation, they did not regard as artificial. From its top they could see large herds of buffalo feeding at a distance. On the 26th they passed the mouth of Yankton river, and, on landing, were met by several Indians, who informed them that a large body of Sioux were encamped near. On the 30th and 31st they held a ' council with the Sioux, and smoked with them the pipe of peace. The Indians exhibited their skill in dancing and various other' amusements to entertain their vis itors. These Indians were the Yankton tribe of the Sioux nation. Their grand chief was We-u-cha, or in English, Shake Hand. Speeches were made and presents exchanged. On the 1st of September the explorers passed Calumet Bluffs, and the next day Bonhomme Island, near which they visited some ancient earth works, or fortifications, on the south, or Nebraska, side of the Missouri. They made a minute and careful examination of these works. They embraced nearly five hundred acres. A day or two after, on a hill to the south, near Cedar Island, they discovered the backbone of a fish, 45 feet long, in a perfect state of petrifaction. After several conferences with different tribes, and observations in regard to the country, its formation, and the different animals seen, on the 13th of October they reached a small stream on the north side, to which they gave the name of Idol Creek. Near its mouth were two stones resembling human figures, and a third like a dog. These were objects of great veneration among the Ricaras (Ricarees), who occupied the country in that vicinity. They ha^l a legend that a young brave was deeply enamored with a girl whose parents refused their consent to the marriage. The young brave went out into the fields to mourn his misfortunes, and a sympathy of feeling led the lady to the same spot. The faithful dog would not cease to follow his master. The lovers wandered away together with nothing to subsist on but grapes, and they were at last changed into stone, with the lady holding in her hands a bunch of grapes. When the Ricaras pass these sacred stones, they stop to make offerings of dress to propitiate the deities, as they regard them. Such was the account given to Lewis and Clarke, by the Ricara chief. As they found here a great abundance of fine grapes, they regarded one part of the story as very agreeably confirmed. ' On the 19th they reached the ruins of one of the Mandan villages. It had been fortified. This, they were informed by the Ricara chief, was one of several villages once occupied by the Mandans until the Sioux forced them forty miles higher up the river. In this vicinity they counted no less than 52 herds of buffalo, and 3 herds of elk at a single view. About the 1st of November, 1804, the expedition reached the country of the Mandans, where they went into winter quarters. These Indians had raised considerable corn, some of which they presented to the party. During the winter they obtained a great deal of information in regard to the history, traditions, and manners and customs, not only of this peculiar and remark able nation, but of other tribes. Their huts, or cabins, were all completed by the 20th of the month, and the place was named Fort Mandan. It was on the north side of the Missouri, in a grove of cottonwood. The place, as ascertained by observation, was in latitude 47 deg., 21 min. and 47 sec, and the computed distance from the mouth of the Missouri was 1600 miles. 92 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. During the winter they were visited by a great many Indians of the Man dan and other tribes.' A few French and traders of the Northwest Fur Company also visited them. The party remained at Fort Mandan until April 7, 1805, when they resumed their journey. There were then thirty-two persons in the expe dition, some of the party having returned to St. Louis. In this portion of the country they began to see numbers of white bear, antelope, and other animals, which they had not seer lower down on the river. On the 12th they arrived at the mouth of the Little Missouri, near which they found large quantities of small onions, about the size of a bullet, of an oval form and white. The next day they passed a small stream to which they gave the name of Onion Creek, from the great abundance of that vegetable growing near it. Along this part of the Missouri were large numbers of bald eagles, and also many geese and brant. Numerous deserted Indian lodges were noticed, which they supposed to have belonged to the Assiniboins, as there were the remains of small kegs. That tribe was the only one in this region that then used spirituous liquors. They obtained it from the traders of the Hudson Bay Company, bartering their furs for it. Here many plants and aromatic herbs are mentioned, and some resembling in taste and smell sage, hyssop, wormwood and juniper. On the 26th they camped at the mouth of the Yellowstone, where game of various kinds was very abundant. Frequent mention is made of the burned hills along that part of the Missouri for some distance above and below the Yellowstone. Among the animals killed by the hunters of the expedition in this part of the voyage were several brown bears. On the evening of the 14th of May the men in one of the canoes discovered a large brown bear lying in the open grounds about three hundred yards from the river. Six of them, all good hunters, went to attack him, and, concealing themselves by a small eminence, four of them fired at a distance of about forty paces. Each of them lodged a ball in the bear's body, two of them directly through the lungs. The animal sprang up and ran open-mouthed toward them. As he came near, the two hunters who had reserved their fire, gave him two more wounds, one of which, breaking his shoulder, retarded his motion for a moment. Before they could reload he was so near upon them that they were obliged to run to the river, the bear almost overtaking them. Two of the men sprang into the canoe, and the others concealed themselves in some willows and fired as fast as they could reload, striking him several times. The shots seemed only to direct him toward the hunters, till at last he pursued two of them so closely that they threw aside their guns and pouches, and jumped twenty feet down a perpen dicular bank into the river. The bear sprang after them, and was within a few feet of the hindmost when one of the hunters on shore shot him in the head, and finally killed him. They dragged the bear to shore and found that eight balls had passed'through his body in different directions. On the 20th of May the party reached the mouth of the Muscleshell, a river of considerable size from the south. They were then 2270 miles above the mouth of the Mississippi, in latitude 47 deg., 24 min. Mention is made of what the French traders called Cote Noire, or Black Hills. On the 26th of May they had the first view of the Rocky Mountains, " the object," as the journalist remarks, "of all our hopes, and the reward of all our ambition." The view was obtained from what they called one of the last ridges of the Black Mountains. On the 30th they had reached that part of the river which passes through between walls of rocks, presenting every form of THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 93 sculptured ruins, and having the appearance of being the productions of art. Of these objects of natural scenery they give a most glowing description. On the 3d of June the expedition reached a junction of two branches of the river, when they were at a loss to determine which was the true Mis souri river. Parties, one under Captain Lewis and the other under Captain Clarke, proceeded to explore both branches by land. The party under Cap tain Lewis, on the 13th, reached the Great Falls of the Missouri on the southern branch, which determined the question. One of the men was sent to inform Captain Clarke of the discovery. The explorers give a vivid description of the wonderful and beautiful scenery which is here presented. In the vicinity of the falls they saw a herd of at least a thousand buffalo, one of which they shot. Here Captain Lewis himself had an encounter with a large brown bear, from which he escaped by plunging into the river. Mention is made of grasshoppers at the mouth of Medicine river, about twelve miles above the Great Falls, in such multitudes that the herbage on the plains was in part destroyed by them. At that point the Missouri is described as being three hundred yards wide, and Medicine river one lmn- hundred and thirty-seven yards wide. The party remained here until the 15th of July, examining the surrounding country, constructing canoes, and making general preparations for continuing the journey. On that day they again embarked with eight heavily loaded canoes, encountering many diffi cult places for navigating, owing to the rapids. Toward the latter part of July they reached a point where the Missouri is formed of three branches, one of which they called Jefferson, one Madison, and one Gallatin. Here the party divide and explore the several branches, partly for the purpose of finding the Shoshones, the Indians that were known to inhabit that region. On the 11th of August they encountered a single Indian on horseback, who iiroved to be one of that tribe or nation. Captain Lewis, who had continued lis course up the Jefferson, or principal branch forming the sources of. the Missouri, reached a point where it had so diminished in width that one of his men in a fit of enthusiasm, with one foot on each side of the rivulet, thanked God that he had lived to bestride the Missouri. A few miles further on they reached the point where issues the remotest water — the hitherto hidden sources of that river, which had never before been seen by civilized man. They sat down by the brink of the little rivulet, and quenched their thrist at the chaste and icy fountain, which sends its modest tribute down to the great ocean thousands of miles away. Crossing over the the dividing line between the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, at a distance of three-quarters of a mile, they stopped to taste for the first time the waters of the Columbia, here a stream of clear, cold water flowing west ward. On the same day Captain Lewis succeeded in gaining a friendly in terview with the Shoshones. Captain Clarke, with a part of the expedition, was at this time at the junction of the three branches of the Missouri, and Captain Lewis engaged a number of the Indians, with about thirty of their horses, to transport their merchandise and outfit to the Shoshone camp. The Shoshones are described as being a small tribe of the nation called the Snake Indians, an appellation which embraces the inhabitants of the southern parts of the Rocky Mountains and of the plains on either side. During the summer the Shoshones resided about the headwaters of the Columbia, where they lived chiefly on salmon. In their journal the explorers give a long and interesting account of the habits, traditions, and manner of 94 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. life of this people. They found them honest, friendly, and ready fo render them all assistance in their power. After purchasing twenty-nine horses from the Shoshones, the party on the 30th of August* resumed their journey toward the Pacific. On the 4th of September, after many difficulties in finding a practicable route, they came to a large encampment of "Indians who received them with great cordiality. The pipe "of peace was introduced and a council held. They represented themselves as a band of a nation called Tushepaws, a numerous people then residing on the headwaters of the Missouri and Columbia rivers. The In dians shared their berries and roots with the strangers and received some presents. Several horses were purchased from them. On the 6th they reached a stream to which they gave the name of Clarke river, Captain Clarke being the first white man who ever visited its waters. The route- was a rugged one, and in many places almost impracticable, and to add to the difficulties of the situation, snow had been falling, so that on the 16th it was six or eight inches deep. The difficulty of procuring game or other subsistence made it necessary for them to kill several of their horses on this part of their journey, for food. They had a little of what was called portable soup which they used by melting some snow.- This, and about twenty pounds of bear's oil, was their only remaining subsistence. They were now in a region where their, guns were of little service, for there was scarcely a living creature to be seen in those mountains. Captain Clarke and six hunters searched the mountains all day for game but found none, and at night encamped on a small stream to which they gave the name of Hungry Creek. Their only refreshment during the day was a little of the portable soup. On the 26th, Captain Clarke and his hunting party encountered three Indian boys, and sent them forward to the village with some presents. An Indian came out to meet them, and conducted them to a large tent in the village, which was the residence of the great chief. After some introductory ceremonies by signs, the Indians set before the strangers some buffalo meat, dried salmon, berries and several kinds of roots. This, after their long abstinence, was a sumptuous treat. One of the chiefs conducted them to another village, two miles away, where they were received with great kind ness and passed the night. These Indians called themselves Chopunish, or( Pierced-Nose (Nez Perces). . With a few articles Captain Clarke chanced to have in his pockets he purchased some dried salmon, roots and berries and sent them by one of his men and a hired Indian back to Captain Lewis. The main body with Captain Lewis had been so fortunate as to kill a few pheasants and a prairie wolf. As soon as it was known in the villages that the wonderful strangers had arrived the people crowded in to see them. Twisted Hair, the chief, drew a chart or map of the country and streams on a white elk-skin, which was of great service in guiding them on their course. From these Indians as many provisions were purchased as could be carried on their horses. After proceeding down the river some distance, they determined to continue their journey in canoes, which they set about con structing. By the 7th of October the canoes were launched and loaded. The horses were branded and left with the Indians to be kept until their return. Accompanied by some of the Indians down Lewis river, the ex pedition finally reached the Columbia on the 16th, having stopped at a number of villages on the way. The Columbia at the mouth of Lewis river they found to be 960 yards wide, and Lewis river 575 yards wide. Here they found themselves among a nation who called themselves Sokulks, a THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 95 people of a mild and peaceable disposition. Fish was their principal article of food. On the 18th they resumed their journey down the Columbia in the presence of many of the Sokulks who came to witness their departure. They passed many different tribes who inhabited the borders of the Colum bia, all of whom they visited in their villages and encampments, learning their condition, habits, history and mode of living. Wherever they halted large numbers of Indians gathered to see them, and generally manifested the greatest kindness and hospitality. All of them had pierced noses. On the 22d of October the party reached the Great Falls of the Colum bia. Many Indians inhabited this portion of the country, and some of them assisted the party in unloading the canoes, transporting the goods around the falls, and in bringing down the canoes. At one place it was necessary to haul the canoes over a point of land to avoid a perpendicular fall of seventy feet. Some distance below the falls they came to a village of another tribe, or nation, called the Echeloots. Here they found the first wooden houses they had seen after leaving the settlements near the Mississippi. They were made of logs and poles, with poles for rafters and covered with white cedar, kept on by strands of cedar fibres. The inhabitants received the strangers with great kindness, invited them to their houses, and came in great num bers to see them. They were surprised to find that these Indians spoke a language quite different from that of the tribes above the Great Falls. Some of their customs, however, were the same. Like the tribes they had recently visited, they flattened the heads of their children, and in nearly the same manner. Among the mountain tribes, however, this custom was con fined to the females almost exclusively, whereas the Echeloots subjected both sexes to the operation. On the 18th they came to another tribe where they saw a Bri tish musket and several brass tea-kettles which the Indians prized very highly. In the interview with the chief he directed his wife to hand him his medicine-bag, from which he drew out fourteen forefingers, which. he said had belonged to the same number of his enemies whom he had killed in battle. These fingers were shown with great exultation, after which they were carefully replaced among the other valuable contents of the medicine-bag. This was the first instance in which the explorers had observed that any other trophy than the scalp was ever carried from the field in Indian warfare. On the 2d of November the party passed the rapids which form the last descent of the Columbia, and tide-water commences. On this part of the Columbia they began to meet with tribes who had some knowledge of the whites, and from articles in their possession, it was observed that they had maintained some sort of trade or barter with the whites. The Indians here also began to be troublesome and were disposed to pilfer whenever an oppor tunity offered, -showing that in their intercourse with the whites they had con tracted some vices that they are free from in the absence of such intercourse. On the 16th of November, 1805, the expedition encamped in full view of the Pacific Ocean, at Haley's Bay, as laid down by Vancouver. Their long, tedious and eventful journey to the Pacific having ended, they made prepa rations for going into winter quarters. Some distance below the mouth of the Columbia, three miles above the mouth of a little river that empties into the bay, in a thick grove of lofty pines, they formed their winter encamp ment. Game was exceedingly plenty, and during the winter they were vis ited by a large number of the Indians inhabiting the coast region. They called the place Fort Clatsop, from the tribe of Indians inhabiting the imme- 96 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. diate vicinity. Here they remained until the 23d of March, 1806, when they commenced their return, by the same route. Before leaving, Captains Lewis and Clarke posted up in the fort a note to the following effect: " The object of this is, that through the medium of some civilized person, who may see the same, it may be made known to the world that the party con sisting of the persons whose names are hereto annexed, and who were sent out by the government of the United States to explore the interior of the continent of North America, did cross the same by the way of the Missouri and Columbia rivers, to the discharge of the latter into the Pacific ocean, where they arrived on the 14th day of November, 1805, and departed the 23d day of March, 1806, on their return to the United States, by the same route by which they came out." It is somewhat singular that this note a short time after fell into the hands of a Captain Hill, while on the coast near the mouth of the Columbia river. It was delivered to him by some Indians, and taken to Canton, China, from whence it was brought to the United States in January, 1807. On the 23d of September, 1806, the party reached the mouth of the Missouri, and decended the Mississippi to St. Louis, arriving at 12 o'clock. Having fired a salute, they went on shore, where they " received a most hearty and hos pitable welcome from the whole village." This is but a very partial and hasty review of that romantic and extraor dinary expedition — the first exploration by authority of the government of the United States, of that wonderful region which of late years has attracted so much attention. It gave to the world the first authentic account of the upper Missouri and its tributaries, and of the rivers that flow from the west ern slopes of the Rocky Mountains and seek the Pacific Ocean through the great Columbia. It imparted to civilized man some definite knowledge of the strange tribes whose homes were on the borders of those rivers; of their habits, traditions and modes of life; of the fauna and flora of a region hith erto unknown, and of natural scenery not surpassed in grandeur and sub limity by that of any other part of the world. Other explorers have since revealed a portion of the hidden treasures of that part of ow national do main, but the pioneer expeditien of Lewis and Clarke, so successfully accom plished, will always possess a peculiar and thrilling interest. SKETCH OF CHICAGO. First White Visitors — The Name — Jean Baptiste— John Kinzie — Ft. Dearborn— Evacuation— The Massacre— Heroic Women— Capt. Heald— Capt. Wells— Scalping the Wounded— Ft. Dearborn Re-built — Illinois and Michigan Canal — Chicago Laid Out — Removal of In dians — City Organization— Pioneer Religious Societies — Public Improvements— Location of City — Growth— The Great Fire — Rise of the New Chicago. The history of so great a city as Chicago, like that of London, or Paris, or New York, by reason of its commercial, financial and other relations to the world at large, is a history of world-wide interest. Not that Chicago may yet be compared in size, population or wealth with the great cities named, would we mention it in connection with them, and yet, considering its age, it is greater than either of them. In its ratio of increase in popu lation, commerce, and general progress, it is to-day outstripping them. In what civilized part of the globe is Chicago not heard of, read of, and known? THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 97 PEESENT SITE OF LAKE STEEET BEIDGE. 98 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. If, so many centuries after the founding of Rome, mankind still feel inter ested in the mythical story of Romulus and Remus, may not the present and future generations read with equal interest the more authentic story of the founding of a great modem city? The Jesuit missionary and explorer, Marquette, first visited the place where Chicago is located, in 1673. Again, in the winter of 1674-5, he camped near the site of the present city, from December until near the close of March. Upon his arrival, in December, the Chicago, river was frozen over, and the ground covered with snow. The name is of Indian origin, and was applied to the river. By the French voyageurs it is variously spelled, the majority rendering it Chicagou. The place is mentioned by Berrot in 1770. In 1796, Jean Baptiste, a trader from the West Indies, found his way to the mouth of the little stream known as Chicago river, and engaged in trad ing with the Indians. Here for eight years, almost alone, he maintained trade and intercourse with the savages, until, in 1804, Fort Dearborn was erected, and a trading post was established by John Kinzie, who became the successor of Jean Baptiste. Fort Dearborn, as first constructed, was a very rude and primitive stockade, which cost the government only about fifty dollars. It stood on the south bank of Chicago river, half a mile from the lake. The few soldiers sent to erect and garrison it were in charge of Major Whistler. For a time, being unable to procure grain for bread, the soldiers were obliged to subsist in part upon acorns. The original settler, Jean Baptiste, or as his full name was written, Jean Baptiste Point au Sable, sold his cabin to Mr. Kinzie, and the latter erected on the site the building known to the early settlers as the " Kinzie House." This became a resort for the officers and others connected with the garrison. In 1812 the garrison had a force of 54 men, under the command of Capt. Nathan Heald, with Lieutenant Lenai L. Helm and Ensign Ronan. Dr. Voorhees was surgeon. The only white residents, except the officers and soldiers, at that time, were Mr. Kinzie and his family, the wives of Capt. Heald and Lieut. Helm, and a few Canadians, with their families. Nearly up to this time the most friendly relations had been maintained with the Indians — the principal tribes by whom they were surrounded being the Pottawattamies and Winnebagoes. The battle of Tippecanoe had been fought the year before, and the influence of Tecumseh began to be observable in the conduct of the Indians. They were also aware of the difficulties between the United States and Great Britian, and had yielded to the influences, brought to bear by the latter. In April of this year, suspicious parties of Winnebagoes began to hover about the fort, remaining in the vicinity for several days. The inhabitants became alarmed, and the families took refuge in the fort. On the 7th of August a Pottawattamie chief appeared at the fort with an order or dispatch from Gen. Hull, at Detroit, directing Capt. Heald to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and distribute all the government property to the neighboring Indians. The chief who brought the dispateh advised Capt. Heald to make no distribution to the Indians. He told him it would be better to leave the fort and stores as they were, and that while the Indians were distributing the stores among themselves, the whites might escape to Fort Wayne. On^the 12th of August Capt. Heald held a council with the Indians, but the other officers refused to join him. They feared treachery on the part of the Indians, and indeed had been informed that their intention was to murder the white people. In the council Capt. Heald had taken the precaution to open a port-hole displaying THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 99 a cannon directed upon the council, and probably by that means kept the Indians from_ molesting him at that time. Acting under the advice of Mr. Kinzie, he withheld the ammunition and arms from the Indians, throwing them, together with the liquors, into the Chicago river. On that day Black Partridge, a friendly chief, said to Capt. Heald: "Linden birds have been singing in my ears to-day; be careful on the march you are going to take." On the 13th the Indians discovered the powder floating on the surface of the water, a discovery which had the effect to exasperate them the more, and they began to indulge in threats. Meantime preparations were made to leave the fort. Capt. Wells, an uncle of Mrs. Heald, had been adopted by the famous Miami warrior, Little Turtle, and had become chief of a band of Miamis. On the 14th he was seen approaching with a band of his Miami warriors, coming to assist Capt. Heald in defending the fort, having at Fort Wayne heard of the danger which threatened the garrison and the settlers. But all means for defending the fort had been destroyed the night before. All, therefore, took up their line of march, with Capt, Wells and his Miamis in the lead, followed by Capt. Heald, with his wife riding by his side. Mr, Kinzie had always been on the most friendly terms with the Indians, and still hoped that his personal efforts might influence them to allow the whites to leave unmolested. He determined to accompany the expedition, leaving his family in a boat in the care of a friendly -Indian. In case any misfor tune should happen to him, his family was to be sent to the place where Miles, Michigan, is now located, where he had another trading post. Along the shore of Lake Michigan slowly marched the little band of whites, with a friendly escort of Pottawattamies, and Capt. Wells and his Miamis, the lat ter in advance. When they had reached what were known as the " Sand Hills," the Miami advance guard came rushing back, Capt. Wells exclaim ing, "They are about to attack; form instantly." At that moment a shower of bullets came whistling over the sand hills, behind which the Indians had concealed themselves for the murderous attack. The cowardly Miamis were panic-stricken, and took to flight, leaving their heroic leader to his fate. He was at the side of his niece, Mrs. Heald, when the attack was made, and, after expressing to her the utter hopelessness of their situation, dashed into the fight. There were 54 soldiers, 12 civilians and three women, all poorly armed, against 500 Indian warriors. The little band had no alternative but to sell their lives as dearly as possible. They charged upon their murder ous assailants, and drove them from their position back to the prairie. There the conflict continued until two-thirds of the whites were killed and wounded. Mrs. Heald, Mrs Helm and Mrs. Holt, all took part in the combat. In a wagon were twelve children, and a painted demon tomahawked them all, seeing which, Capt. Wells exclaimed, " If butchering women and chil dren is your game, I will kill too," and then spurred his horse toward the Indian camp, where they had left their squaws and papooses. H e was pur sued by several young warriors, who sent bullets whistling about him, killing his horse and wounding Capt Wells. They attempted to take him a prisoner, but he resolved not to De taken alive. Calling a young chief a squaw, an epithet which excites the fiercest resentment in an Indian warrior, the young chief instantly tomahawked him. The three women fought as bravely as the soldiers. Mrs. Heald was an expert in the use of the rifle, but received several severe wounds. During the conflict the hand of a savage was raised to tomahawk her, when she ex- 100 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. claimed in his own language, " Surely you will not kill a squaw." Her words had the effect to change his purpose, and her life was spared. Another warrior attempted to tomahawk Mrs. Helm. He struck her a glancing hfow on the shoulder, when she sized him and attempted to wrest from him his scalping knife, which was in the sheath attached to his ' belt. At that moment the friendly Black Partridge dragged her from her antagonist, and in spite of her struggles carried her to the lake and plunged her in, at the same time holding her so she would not drown. By this means he saved her life, as he intended. The third woman, Mrs. Holt, the wife of Sergeant Holt, was a large woman, and as strong and brave as an amazon. She rode a fine, spirited horse, which more than once the Indians tried to take from her. Her husband had been disabled in the fight, and with his sword, which she had taken, she kept the savages at bay for some time. She was finally, however, taken prisoner, and remained a long time a captive among the In dians, but was subsequently ransomed. After two-thirds of the whites had been slain or disabled, twenty-eight men succeeded in gaining an eminence on the prairie, and the Indians de sisted from further pursuit. The chiefs held a consultation, and gave the sign that they were ready to parley. Capt. Heald went forward and met the chief, Blackbird, on the prairie, when terms of surrender were agreed upon. The whites were to deliver up their arms and become prisoners, to be exchanged or ransomed in the future. All were taken to the Indian camp near the abandoned fort, where the wounded Mrs. Helm had previ ously been taken by Black Partridge. By the terms of surrender no pro vision had been made as to the disposition of the wounded. It was the understanding of the Indians that the British general, Proctor, had offered a bounty for American scalps delivered at Maiden. Here there was another scene of horror. Most of the wounded men were killed and scalped. Such is a hasty glance at scenes that were witnessed on this then wild shore of Lake Michigan. Such were the experiences and the struggles of the heroic men and women who ventured forth into the wilderness to plant the germs of civilization, and to lay the foundations of future cities and States. The site on which now stands a city which ranks among the great est on the continent, is consecrated by the blood shed by . heroes on that bright 15th day of August, 1812. Fort Dearborn was rebuilt in 1816, under the direction of Capt. Bradley, and was occupied until 1837, when, the Indians having removed from the country, it was abandoned. Congress, on the 2d of March, 1827, granted to the State of Illinois every alternate section of land for six miles on either side of the line of the then proposed Illinois and Michigan canal, to aid in its construction, from Chi cago to the head of navigation of the Illinois river. The State accepted the grant, and on the 22d of January, 1829, organized a board of canal commis sioners, with power to lay out towns along the line. Under this authority the commissioners employed Mr. James Thompson to survey the town of Chicago. His first map of the town bears date August 4, 1830. In 1831 the place contained about a dozen families, not including the officers and sol diers in Fort Dearborn. On the 10th of August, 1833, it was organized by the election of five trustees — there being twenty-eight voters. On the 26th of September of the same year, a treaty was signed with the chiefs of the Pottawattamies, seven thousand of the tribe being present, and on the 1st of October they were removed west of the Mississippi. The first charter of THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 101 the city was passed by the Legislature of Illinois, and approved March 4th, 1837. Under this charter an election was held May 1st, of the same year. A census was taken on the 1st of July, when the entire population was shown to be 4,170. The city then contained four warehouses, three hundred and twenty-eight dwellings, twenty-nine dry goods stores, five hardware stores, three drug stores, nineteen provision stores, ten taverns, twenty-six groceries, seventeen lawyers' offices, and five churches. It then embraced an area of 560 acres. At this date grain and flour had to be imported from the East to feed the people, for the iron arteries of trade did not then stretch out over the prairies of Illinois, Iowa, and other States. There were no ex- portations of produce until 1839, and not until 1842 did the exports exceed the imports. Grain was sold in the streets by the wagon load, the trade being restricted to a few neighboring farmers of Illinois. Of religious organizations the Methodists were the pioneers, being repre sented in 1831, 1832 and 1833, by Rev. Jesse Walker. Their first quarterly meeting was held in the fall of 1833, and in the spring of the next year the first regular class was formed. The first Presbyterian church was organized June 26th, 1833, the first pastor being Rev. James Porter. It consisted at the time of twenty-five members from the garrison and nine from the citi zens of the town. The first Baptist church was organized October 19th, 1833 ; and the first Episcopal church, St. James, in 1834. The first Cath olic church was built by Rev. Schofler, in 1833-4. The first great public improvement projected was the Illinois and Mich igan canal, one hundred miles in length, and connecting Chicago with La Salle, at the head of navigation on the Illinois river. It was completed in the spring of 1848. To the eye of an observer, Chicago seems to be situated upon a level plain, but in reality the height of the natural surface above the lake varies from three to twenty -four feet, and the grade of the principal streets has been raised from two to eight feet above the original surface. A complete sys tem of sewerage has been established. The surrounding prairie for many miles is apparently without much variation of surface. Though it cannot be observed by the eye, yet the city really stands on the dividing ridge be^ tween the two great rivers that drain half the continent, and is about six hundred feet above the ocean. Chicago river, before being widened, deep ened, and improved, was a very small stream. It has but very little per ceptible current, and for several miles is very nearly on a level with the lake. It is formed by two branches, one from the north and the other from south, which unite about a mile from the lake. From this junction the stream flows due east to the lake. These streams divide the city into three parts, familiarly known as North Side, South Side, and West Side. Bridges constructed upon turn-tables, or pivots, are thrown across the streams at many places. By swinging the bridges round, vessels are allowed to be towed up and down the river by steam tugs, so that there is very little diffi culty in the way of passing from one division of the'city to another. The stream has been made navigable for several miles for sail vessels and pro pellers, and immense warehouses and elevators have been constructed along its banks', where vessels are loaded and unloaded with great rapidity. We have seen that when the first census was taken in 1837, the city had a population of 4,170. By 1840 it had increased to only 4,470 ; in 1845 it was 12,088 ; in 1850 it was 28,269 ; in 1855 it was 83,509. The census of 1870 showed a population 298,977. 102 THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. One of the gigantic public improvements of Chicago is that for supplying the city with water. Owing to the fact that the water in the lake, near the shore, was polluted by filth from the river, in 1865 a tunnel was cut under the lake, extending a distance of two miles from the shore. This tunnel is thirty-five feet below the bed of the lake. This work is regarded as an ex ample of great engineering skill, and has proved to be successful. The con tract price for this work was $315,139. Another great work is the tunnel under the Chicago river at Washington street, cut for the purpose of dis pensing with the bridge over the river, and to obviate the necessity of the public waiting for vessels to pass. The contract price for this great work was $200,000. There are other great public improvements of the city, which with her rail roads leading out in all directions, her immense lake shipping trade, and her population of nearly half a million people, show the greatness that Chicago has attained, all within so short a time. As she has been great in her prosper ity, so also has she been great in her calamities. On the 8th and 9th of Oc tober, 1871, this city was the scene of one of the greatest conflagrations known in the annals of the world — greater than that of London in 1666, when thirteen thousand buildings were burned. In Chicago twenty thou sand buildings were swept away by the devouring element, with miles of magnificent business blocks, palatial residences, and costly ornamentations — all covering an area of over five thousand acres! In all that part of the city between Harrison street and the Chicago river, and on the North Side for nearly four miles to Lincoln Park, there was nothing to be seen but the ruins of a city that had suddenly gone down at the merciless bidding of the fire-fiend. It was a scene of desolation and ruin, and its announcement at the time thrilled a sympathetic chord which vibrated throughout the whole civilized world. Like the fabled Phoenix, Chicago rose again from her own ashes, but grander and more magnificent than she was before. Chicago is now, and has for some years been, the greatest pork packing and grain shipping market of the world. Her commerce is of immense proportions and reaches to all lands where American trade is known. She is the commercial metrop olis of the great Northwest, and the States of Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Wis consin and Minnesota, pour their tributes of wealth over thousands of miles of railroads into her lap. THE NOETHWEST TEEEITOEY. 103 OLD FOET DEAEBOEN, 1S30. E JUL, J p^i 0,jj a, s,T? A T e " C a ' p r -r o, £,". HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. FORMER OCCUPANTS. MOUND-BUILDEES. The numerous and well-authenticated accounts of antiquities found in various parts of our country, clearly demonstrate that a people civilized, and even highly cultivated, occupied the broad surface of our continent before its possession by the present In dians; but the date of their rule -of the Western World is so re mote that all traces of their history, their progress and decay, lie buried in deepest obscurity. Nature, at the time the first Euro peans came, had asserted her original dominion over the earth; the forests were all in their full luxuriance, the growth of many cen turies; and naught existed to point out who and what they were who formerly lived, and loved, and labored, and died, on the conti nent of America. This pre-historic race is known as the Mound- Builders, from the numerous large mounds of earth-works left by them. The remains of the works of this people form the most in teresting class of antiquities discovered in the United States. Their character can be but partially gleaned from the internal evidences and the peculiarities of the only remains left, — the mounds. They consist of remains of what were apparently villages, altars, temples, idols, cemeteries, monuments, camps, fortifications, pleasure grounds, etc., etc. Their habitations must have been tents, struc tures of wood, or other perishable material; otherwise their remains would be numerous. If the Mound-Builders were not the ancestors of the Indians, who were they? The oblivion which has closed over them is so complete that only conjecture can be given in answer to the question. Those who do not believe in the common parentage of mankind contend that they were an indigenous race of the West ern hemisphere; others, with more plausibility, think they came from the East, and imagine they can see coincidences in the religion of the Hindoos and Southern Tartars and the supposed theology of 18 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. the Mound-Builders. They were, no doubt, idolators, and it has been conjectured that the sun was the object of their adoration. The mounds were generally built in a situation affording a view of the rising sun: when enclosed in walls their gateways were toward the east; the caves in which their dead were occasionally buried always opened in the same direction ; whenever a mound was partially en closed by a semi-circular pavement, it was on the east side; when bodies were buried in graves, as was frequently the case, they were laid in a direction east and west; and, finally, medals have been found representing the sun and his rays of light. At what period they came to this country, is likewise a matter of speculation. From the comparatively rude state of the arts among them, it has been inferred that the time was very remote. Their axes were of stone. Their raiment, judging from fragments which have been discovered, consisted of the bark of trees, interwoven with feathers; and their military works were such as a people would erect who had just passed to the pastoral state of society from that dependent alone upon hunting and fishing. The mounds and other ancient earth-works constructed by this people are far more abundant thau generally supposed, from the fact that while some are quite large, the greater part of them are small and inconspicuous. Along nearly all our water courses that are large enough to be navigated with a canoe, the mounds are almost invariably found, covering the base points and headlands of the bluffs which border the narrower valleys ; so that when one finds him self in such positions as to command the grandest views for river scenery, he may almost always discover that he is standing upon, or in close proximity to, some one or more of these traces of the labors of an ancient people. GALENA MOUNDS. On the top of the high bluffs that skirt the west bank of the Mis sissippi, about two and a half miles from Galena, are a number of these silent monuments of a pre-historic age. The spot is one of surpassing beauty. From that point may be obtained a view of a portion of three States, — Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin. A hundred feet below, at the foot of the perpendicular cliffs, the trains of the Illinois Central Railroad thunder around the curve, the portage is in full view, and the " Father of Waters," with its numerous bayous HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 19 and islands, sketches a grand pamorama for miles above and below. Here, probably thousands of years ago, a race of men now extinct, and unknown even in the traditions of the Indians who inhabited that section for centuries before the discovery of America by Colum bus, built these strangely wonderful and enigmatical mounds. At this point these mounds are circular and conical in form. The larg est one is at least forty feet in diameter at the base, and not less than fifteen feet high, even yet, after it has been beaten by the storms of many centuries. On its top stands the large stump of an oak tree that was cut down about fifty years ago, and its annual rings indicate a growth of at least 200 years. One of the most singular earth-works in the State was found on the top of a ridge near the east bank of the Sinsinawa creek in the lead region. It resembled some huge animal, the head, ears, nose, legs and tail, and general outline of which being as perfect as if made by men versed in modern art. The ridge on which it was situated stands on the prairie, 300 yards wide, 100 feet in height, and rounded on the top by a deep deposit of clay. Centrally, along the line of its summit, and thrown up in the form of an embankment three feet high, extended the outline of a quadruped measuring 250 feet from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail, and having a width of 18 feet at the center of the body. The head was 35 feet in length, the ears 10 feet, legs 60 and tail 75. The curvature in both the fore and hind legs was natural to an animal lying on its side. The general outline of the figure most nearly resembled the extinct animal known to geologists as the Megathe rium. The question naturally arises, By whom and for what pur pose was this earth figure raised? Some have conjectured that numbers of this now extinct animal lived and roamed over the prai ries of Illinois when the Mouud-Builders first made their appearance on the upper part of the Mississippi Valley, and that their wonder and admiration, excited by the colossal dimensions of these huge creatures, found some expression in the erection of this figure. The bones of some similar gigantic animals were exhumed on this stream about three miles from the same place. LAEGE CITIES. Mr. Breckenridge, who examined the antiquities of the Western country in 1817, speaking of the mounds in the American Bottom, says: "The great number and extremely large size of some of 20 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. them may be regarded as furnishing, with other circumstances, evidences of their antiquity. I have sometimes been induced to think that at the period when they were constructed there was a population here as numerous as that which once animated the borders of the Nile or Euphrates, or of Mexico. The most num erous, as well as considerable, of these remains are found in pre cisely those parts of the country where the traces of a numerous population might be looked for, namely, from the mouth of the Ohio on the east side of the Mississippi, to the Illinois river, and on the west from the St. Francis to the Missouri. I am perfectly satisfied that cities similar to those of ancient Mexico, of several hundred thousand souls, have existed in this country." It must be admitted that whatever the uses of these mounds — whether as dwellings or burial places — these silent monuments were built, and the race who built them vanished from the face of the earth, ages before the Indians occupied the land, but their date must probably forever baffle human skill and ingenuity. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish the places 'of sepulture raised by the Mound-Builders from the more modern graves of the Indians. The tombs of the former were in general larger than those of the latter, and were used as receptacles for a greater number of bodies, and contained relics of art, evincing a higher degree of civ ilization than that attained by the Indians. The ancient earth works of the Mound-Builders have occasionally been appropriated as burial places by the Indians, but the skeletons of the latter may be distinguished from the osteological remains of the former by their greater stature. What finally became of the Mound-Builders is another query which has been extensively discussed. The fact that their works extend into Mexico and Peru has induced the belief that it was their posterity that dwelt in these countries when they were first visited by the Spaniards. The Mexican and Peruvian works, with the exception of their greater magnitude, are similar. Relics com mon to all of them have been occasionally found, and it is believed that the religious uses which they subserved were the same. If, indeed, the Mexicans and Peruvians were the progeny of the more ancient Mound-Builders, Spanish rapacity for gold was the cause of their overthrow and final extermination. A thousand other queries naturally arise respecting these nations HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 21 which now repose under the ground, but the most searching investi gation can give us only vague speculations for answers. No histo rian has preserved the names of their mighty chieftains, or given an account of their exploits, and even tradition is silent respecting them. INDIANS. Following the Mound-Builders as inhabitants of North America, were, as it is supposed, the people who reared the magnificent cities the ruins of which are found in Central America. This peo ple was far more civilized and advanced in the arts than were the Mound-Builders. The cities built by them, judging from the ruins of broken columns, fallen arches and crumbling walls of temples, palaces and pyramids, which in some places for miles bestrew the ground, must have been of great extent, magnificent and very pop ulous. When we consider the vast period of time necessary to erect such colossal structures, and, again, the time required to reduce them to their present ruined state, we can conceive something of their antiquity. These cities must have been old when many of the ancient cities of the Orient were being built. The third race inhabiting North America, distinct from the former two in every particular, is the present Indians. They were, when visited by the eariy discoverers, without cultivation, refinement or literature, and far behind the Mound-Builders in the knowledge of the arts. The question of their origin has long interested archaeologists, and is the most difficult they have been called upon to answer. Of their predecessors the Indian tribes knew nothing; they even had no traditions respecting them. It is quite certain that they were the successors of a race which had entirely passed away ages before the discovery of the New World. One hypothesis is that the American Indians are an original race indigenous to the Western hemisphere. Those who entertain this view think their peculiarities of physical structure preclude the possibility of a common parentage with the rest of mankind. Prominent among those distinctive traits is the hair, which in the red man is round, in the white man oval, and in the black man flat. A more common supposition, however, is that they are a derivative race, and sprang from one or more of the ancient peoples of Asia. In the absence of all authentic history,. and when even tradition is 22 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. wanting, any attempt to point out the particular location of their origin must prove unsatisfactory. Though the exact place of origin may never be known, yet the striking coincidence of physical organization between the Oriental type of mankind and the Indians point unmistakably to some part of Asia as the place whence they emigrated, which was originally peopled to a great extent by the children of Shem. In this connection it has been claimed that the meeting of the Europeans, Indians and Africans on the continent of America, is the fulfillment of a prophecy as recorded in Gen esis ix. 27 : " God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem; and Canaan shall be his servant." Assuming the theory to be true that the Indian tribes are of Shemitic origin, they were met on this continent in the fifteenth century by the Japhetic race, after the two stocks had passed around the globe by directly different routes. A few years afterward the Hamitic branch of the human family were brought from the coast of Africa. During the occupancy of the continent by the three distinct' races, the children of Japheth have grown arid prospered, while the called and not voluntary sons of Ham have endured a servitude in the wider stretching valleys of the tents of Shem. When Christopher Columbus had finally succeeded in demon strating the truth of his theory that by sailing westward from Eu rope land would be discovered, landing on the Island of Bermuda he supposed he had reached the East Indies. This was an error, but it led to the adoption of the name of " Indians " for the inhab itants of the Island and the main land of America, by which name the red men of America have ever since been known. 'Of the several great branches of North American Indians the only ones entitled to consideration in Illinois history are the Algon- quins and Iroquois. At the time of the discovery of America the former occupied the Atlantic seaboard, while the home of the Iroquois was as an island in this vast area of Algonquin popula tion. The latter great nation spread over a vast territory, and various tribes of Algonquin lineage sprung up over the country, adopting, in time, distinct tribal customs and laws. An almost continuous warfare was carried on between tribes; but later, on the entrance of the white man into their beloved homes, every foot of territory was fiercely disputed by the confederacy of many neighboring tribes. The Algonquins formed the most extensive alliance to resist the encroachment of the whites, especially the English. Such was the HISTOEY OF ILLINIOS. 23 nature of King Philip's war. This King, with his Algonquin braves, spread terror and desolation throughout New England. With the Algo'nquins as the controlling spirit, a confederacy of conti nental proportions was the result, embracing in its alliance the tribes of every name and lineage from the Northern lakes to the gulf. Pontiac, having breathed into them his implacable hate of the English intruders, ordered the conflict to commence, and all the British colonies trembled before the desolating fury of Indian vengeance. ILLINOIS CONFEDEEACY. The Illinois confederacy, the various tribes of which comprised most of the Indians of Illinois at one time, was composed of five tribes: the Tamaroas, Michigans, Kaskaskias, Cahokas, and Peorias. The Illinois, Miamis and Delawares were of the same stock. As early as 1670 the priest Father Marquette mentions frequent visits made by individuals of this confederacy to the missionary station at St. Esprit, near the western extremity of Lake Superior. At that time they lived west of the Mississippi, in eight villages, whither they had been driven from the shores of Lake Michigan by the Iroquois. Shortly afterward they .began to return to their old hunting ground, and most of them finally settled in Illinois. Joliet and Marquette, in 1673, met with a band of them on their famous voyage of discovery down the Mississippi. They were treated with the greatest hospitality by the principal chief. On their return voyage up the Illinois river they stopped at the principal town of the confederacy, situated on the banks of the river seven miles below the present town of Ottawa. It was then called Kas kaskia. Marquette returned to the village in 1675 and established the mission of the Immaculate Conception, the oldest in Illinois. When, in 1679, LaSalle visaed the town, it had greatly increased, numbering 460 lodges, and at the annual assembly of the different tribes, from 6,000 to 8,000 souls. In common with other western tribes, they became involved in the conspiracy of Pontiac, although displaying no very great warlike spirit. Pontiac lost his life by the hands of one of the braves of the Illinois tribe, which so enraged the nations that had followed him as their leader that they fell upon the Illinois to avenge his death, and almost annihilated them. STAEVED EOCK. Tradition states that a band of this tribe, in order to escape the general slaughter, took refuge upon the high rock on the Illinois 24 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. river since known as Starved Rock. Nature has made this one of the most formidable military fortresses in the world. From the waters which wash its base it rises to an altitude of 125 feet. Three of its sides it is impossible to scale, while the one next to the land may be climbed with difficulty. From its summit, almost as inac cessible as an eagle's nest, the valley of the Illinois is seen as a landscape of exquisite beauty. The river near by struggles between a number of wooded islands, while further below it quietly meanders through vast meadows till it disappears like a thread of lisht in the dim distance. On the summit of this rock the Illinois were besieged by a superior force of the Pottawatomies whom the great strength of their natural fortress enabled them to keep at bay. Hunger and thirst, however, soon accomplished what the enemy was unable to effect. Surrounded by a relentless foe, without food or water, they took a last look at their beautiful hunting grounds, and with true Indian fortitude lay down and died from starvation. Years afterward their bones were seen whitening in that place. At the beginning of the present century the remnants of this once powerful confederacy were forced into a small compass around Kaskaskia. A few years later they emigrated to the Southwest, and in 1850 they were in Indian Territory, and numbered but 84 persons. SACS AND FOXES. The Sacs and Foxes, who figured most conspicuously in the later history of Illinois, inhabited the northwestern portion of the State. By long residence together and intermarriage they had substan tially become one people. Drake, in his "Life of Black Hawk," speaks of these tribes as follows : " The Sacs and Foxes fought their way from the waters of the St. Lawrence to Green Bay, and after reaching that place, not only sustained themselves against hostile tribes, but were the most active and courageous in the subjugation, or rather the extermination, of the numerous and powerful Illinois confederacy. They had many wars, offensive and defensive, with the Sioux, the Pawnees, the Osages, and other tribes, some of which are ranked among the most fierce and ferocious warriors of the whole continent; and it does not appear that in these conflicts, run ning through a long period of years, they were found wanting in this, the greatest of all savage virtues. ' In the late war with Great Britain, a party of the Sacs and Foxes fought under the British HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 27 standard as a matter of choice; and in. the recent contest between a fragment of these tribes and the United States, although defeated and literally cut to pieces by an overwhelming force, it is very questionable whether their reputation as braves would suffer by a comparison with that of their victors. It is believed that a careful review of their history, from the period when they first established themselves on the waters of the Mississippi down to the present time, will lead the inquirer to the conclusion that the Sacs and Foxes were truly a courageous people, shrewd, politic, and enter prising, with no more ferocity and treachery of character than is common among the tribes by whom they were surrounded." These tribes at the time of the Black Hawk War were divided into twenty families, twelve of which were Sacs and eight Foxes. The follow ing were other prominent tribes occupying Illinois: the Kickapoos, Shawnees, Mascoulins, Piaukishaws, Pottawatomies, Chippewas, and Ottawas. MANNEES AND CUSTOMS. The art of hunting not only supplied the Indian with food, but, like that of war, was a means of gratifying his love of distinction. The male children, as soon as they acquired sufficient age and strength, were furnished with a bow and arrow and taught to shoot birds and other small game. Success in killing large quadrupeds required years of careful study and practice, and the art was as sedulously inculcated in the minds of the rising generation as are the elements of reading, writing and arithmetic in the common schools of civilized communities. The mazes of the forest and the dense, tall grass of the prairies were the best fields for the exercise of the hunter's skill. No feet could be impressed in the yielding soil but that the tracks were the objects of the most searching scrutiny, and revealed at a glance the animal that made them, the direction it was pursuing, and the time that had elapsed since it had passed. In a forest country he selected the valleys, because they were most frequently the resort of game. The most easily taken, perhaps, of all the animals of the chase was the deer. It is endowed with a curiosity which prompts it to stop in its flight and look back at the approaching hunter, who always avails himself of this opportunity to let fly the fatal arrow. Their general councils were composed of the chiefs and old men. When in council, they usually sat in concentric circles around the 28 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. speaker, and each individual, notwithstanding the fiery passions. that rankled within, preserved an exterior as immovable as if cast in bronze. Before commencing business a person appeared with the sacred pipe, and another with fire to kindle it. After being lighted, it was first presented to heaven, secondly to the earth, thirdly to the presiding spirit, and lastly the several councilors, each of whom took a whiff. These formalities were observed with as close exactness as state etiquette in civilized courts. The dwellings of the Indians were of the simplest and rudest character. On some pleasant spot by the bank of a river, or near an ever-running spring, they raised their groups of wigwams, con structed of the bark of trees, and easily taken down and removed to another spot. The dwelling-places of the chiefs were sometimes more spacious, and constructed with greater care, but of the same materials. Skins taken in the chase served them for repose. Though principally dependent upon hunting and fishing, the uncertain supply from those sources led them to cultivate small patches of corn. Every family did everything necessary within itself, commerce, or an interchangeof articles, being almost unknown to them. In cases of dispute and dissension, each Indian relied upon himself for retaliation. Blood for blood was the rule, and the relatives of the slain man were bound to obtain bloody revenge for his death. This principle gave rise, as a matter of course, to innumerable and bitter feuds, and wars of extermination where such were possible. War, indeed, rather than peace, was the Indian's glory and delight, — war, not conducted as civilization, but war where individual skill, endurance, gallantry and cruelty were prime requisites. For such a purpose as revenge the Indian would make great sacrifices, and display a patience and perseverance truly heroic; but when the excitement was over, he sank back into a listless, un occupied,, well-nigh useless savage. During the intervals of his more exciting pursuits, the Indian employed his time in decorating his person with all the refinement of paint and feathers, and in the manufacture of his arms and of canoes. These were constructed of bark, and so light that they could easily be carried on the shoulder from stream to stream. His amusements were the war-dance, ath letic games, the narration of his exploits, and listening to the ora tory of the chiefs; but during long periods of such existence he remained in a state of torpor, gazing listlessly upon the trees of the forests and the clouds that sailed above them ; and this vacancy HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 29 imprinted an habitual gravity, and even melancholy, upon his gen eral deportment. The main labor and drudgery of Indian communities fell upon the women. The planting, tending and gathering of the crops, making mats and baskets, carrying burdens,— in fact, all things of the kind were performed by them, thus making their condition but little better than that of slaves. Marriage was merely a matter of bargain and sale, the husband giving presents to the father of the bride. In general they had but few children. They were sub jected to many and severe attacks of sickness, and at times famine and pestilence swept away whole tribes. SINGLE-HANDED COMBAT WITH INDIANS. The most desperate single-handed combat with Indians ever fought on the soil of Illinois was that of Tom Higgins, August 21, 1814. Higgins was 25 years old, of a muscular and compact build, not tall, but strong and active. In danger he possessed a quick and discerning judgment, and was without fear. He was a member of Journey's rangers, consisting of eleven men, stationed at Hill's Fort, eight miles southwest of the present Greenville, Put nam county. Discovering Indian signs near the fort, the company, early the following morning, started on the trail. They had not gone far before they were in an ambuscade of a larger party. At the first fire their commander, Journey, and three men fell, and six retreated to the fort; but Higgins stopped to "have another pull at the red-skins," and, taking deliberate aim at a straggling savage, shot him down. Higgins' horse had been wounded at the first fire, as he supposed, mortally. Coming to, he was about to effect his escape, when the familiar voice of Burgess hailed him from the long grass, "Tom, don't leave me." Higgins told him to come along, but Burgess replied that his leg was smashed. Hig gins attempted to raise him on his horse, but the animal took fright and ran away. Higgins then directed Burgess to limp off as well as he could ; and by crawling through the grass he reached the fort while the former loaded his gun and remained behind to protect him against the pursuing enemy. When Burgess was well out of the way, Higgins took another route, which led by a small thicket, to throw any wandering enemy off the trail. Here he was -con fronted by three savages approaching. He ran to a little ravine near for shelter, but in the effort discovered for the first time that 30 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. he was badly wounded in the leg. He was closely pressed by the largest, a powerful Indian, who lodged a ball in his thigh. He fell, but instantly rose again, only, however, to draw the fire of the other two, and again fell wounded. The Indians now advanced upon him with their tomahawks and scalping knives; but as he presented his gun first at one, then at another, from his place in the ravine, each wavered in his purpose. Neither party had time to load, and the large Indian, supposing finally that Higgins' gun was empty, rushed forward with uplifted tomahawk and a yell ; but as he came near enough, was shot down. At this the others raised the war-whoop, and rushed upon the wounded Higgins, and now a hand-to-hand conflict ensued. They darted at him with their knives time and again, inflicting many ghastly flesh-wounds, which bled profusely. One of the assailants threw his tomahawk at him with such pre cision as to sever his ear and lay bare his skull, knocking him down. They now rushed in on him, but he kicked them off, and grasping one of their spears thrust at him, was raised up by it. He quickly seized his gun, and by a powerful blow crushed in the skull of one, but broke his rifle. His remaining antagonist still kept up the con test, making thrusts with his knife at the bleeding and exhausted Higgins, which he parried with his broken gun as well as he could. Most of this desperate engagement was in plain view of the fort; but the rangers, having been in one ambuscade, saw in this fight only a ruse to draw out the balance of the garrison. But a Mrs. Pursely, residing at the fort, no longer able to see so brave a man contend for his life unaided, seized a gun, mounted a horse, and started to his rescue. At this the men took courage and hastened along. The Indian, seeing aid coming, fled. Higgins, being near ly hacked to pieces, fainted from loss of blood. He was carried to the fort. There being no surgeon, his comrades cut two balls from his flesh; others remained in. For days his life was despaired of; but by tender nursing, he ultimately regained his health, although badly crippled. He resided in Fayette county for many years after, and died in 1829. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 31 EAELY DISCOVERIES NICHOLAS PEEEOT. The first white man who ever set foot on the soil embraced within the boundary of the present populous State of Illinois was Nich olas Perrot, a Frenchman. He was sent to Chicago in the year 1671 by M. Talon, Intendant of Canada, for the purpose of inviting the Western Indians to a great peace convention to be held at Green Bay. This convention had for its chief object the promulgation of a plan for the discovery of the Mississippi river. This great river had been discovered by De Soto, the Spanish explorer, nearly one hundred and fifty years previously, but his nation left the country a wilderness, without further exploration or settlement within its borders, in which condition it remained until the river was dis covered by Joliet and Marquette in 1673. It was deemed a wise policy to secure, as far as possible, the friendship and co-operation of the Indians, far and near, before venturing upon an enterprise which their hostility might render disastrous. Thus the great con vention was called. JOLIET AND MAEQUETTE. Although Perrot was the first European to visit Illinois, he was not the first to make any important discoveries. This was left for Joliet and Marquette, which they accomplished two years thereafter. The former, Louis Joliet, was born at Quebec in 1645. He was educated for the clerical profession, but he abandoned it to engage in the fur trade. His companion, Father Jacques Mar quette, was a native of France, born in 1637. He was a Jesuit priest by education, and a man of simple faith and great zeal and devotion in extending the Roman Catholic religion among the In dians. He was sent to America in 1666 as a missionary. To con vert the Indians he penetrated the wilderness a thousand miles in advance of civilization, and by his kind attention in their afflic tions he won their affections and made them his lasting friends. There were others, however, who visited Illinois even prior to the famous exploration of Joliet and Marquette. In 1672 the Jesuit .32 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. missionaries, Fathers Claude Allouez and Claude Dablon, bore the standard of the Cross from their mission at Green Bay through western Wisconsin and northern Illinois. According to the pre-arranged plan referred to above, at the Jes uit mission on the Strait of Mackinaw, .Joliet joined Marquette, and with five other Frenchmen and a simple outfit the daring ex plorers on the 17th of May, 1673, set out on their perilous voyage to discover the Mississippi. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, they entered Green Bay, and passed thence up Fox river and Lake Winnebago to a village of the Muscatines and Miamis, where great interest was taken in the expedition by the natives. With guides they proceeded down the river. Arriving at the portage, they soon carried their light canoes and scanty bag gage to the Wisconsin, about three miles distant. Their guides now refused to accompany them further, and endeavored, by re citing the dangers incident to the voyage, to induce them to return. They stated that huge demons dwelt in the great river, whose voices could be heard a long distance, and who engulfed in the raging waters all who came within their reach. They also represented that if any of them should escape the dangers of the river, fierce tribes of Indians dwelt upon its banks ready to complete the work of de struction. They proceeded on their journey, however, and on the 17th of June pushed their frail barks on the bosom of the stately Mississippi, down which they smoothly glided for nearly a hundred miles. Here Joliet and Marquette, leaving their canoes in charge of their men, went on the western shore, where they discovered an Indian village, and were kindly treated. They journeyed on down the unknown river, passing the mouth of the Illinois, then run ning into the current of the muddy Missouri, and afterwaid the waters of the Ohio joined with them on their journey southward. Near the mouth of the Arkansas they discovered Indians who showed signs of hostility; but when Marquette's mission of peace was made known to them, they were kindly received. After pro ceeding up the Arkansas a short distance, at the advice of the natives they turned their faces northward to retrace their steps. Af ter several weeks of hard toil they reached the Illinois, up which stream they proceeded to Lake Michigan. Following the western shore of the lake, they entered Green Bay the latter part of Sep tember, having traveled a distance of 2,500 miles. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 33 On his way up the Illinois, Marquette visited the Kaskaskias, near what is now Utica, in LaSalle county. The following year he returned and established among them the mission of the Im maculate Virgin Mary. This was the last act of his life. He died in Michigan, May 18, 1675. lasalle's exploeations. The first French occupation of Illinois was effected by LaSalle, in 1680. Having constructed a vessel, the " Griffin," above the falls of Niagara, he sailed to Green Bay, and passed thence in canoe to the mouth of the St. Joseph river, by which and the Kan kakee he reached the Illinois in January, 1680; and on the 3d he entered the expansion of the river now called Peoria lake. Here, at the lower end of the lake, on its eastern bank, now in Tazewell county, he erected Fort Crevecoeur. The place where this ancient fort stood may still be seen just below the outlet of Peoria lake. It had, however, but a temporary existence. From this point LaSalle determined, at that time, to descend the Mississippi to its mouth. This he did not do, however, until two years later. Returning to Fort Frontenac for the purpose of getting material with which to rig his vessel, he left the fort at Peoria in charge of his lieutenant, Henri Tonti, an Italian, who had lost one of his hands by the explosion of a grenade in the Sicilian wars. Tonti had with him fifteen men, most of whom disliked LaSalle, and were ripe for a revolt the first opportunity. Two men who had, previous to LaSalle's departure, been sent to look for the " Griffin " now returned and reported that the vessel was lost and that Fort Frontenac was in the hands of LaSalle's creditors. This disheartening intelligence had the effect to enkindle a spirit of mutiny among the garrison. Tonti had no sooner left the fort, with a few men, to fortify what was afterward known as Starved Rock, than the garrison at the fort refused longer to submit to authority. They destroyed the fort, seized the ammunition, provisions, and other portables of value, and fled. Only two of their number remained true. These hast ened to apprise Tonti of what had occurred. He thereupon sent four of the men with him to inform LaSalle. Thus was Tonti in the midst of treacherous savages, with only five men, two of whom were the friars Ribourde and Membre. With these he immediately returned to the fort, collected what tools had not been destroyed, and conveyed them to the great town of the Illinois Indians. 34 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. By this voluntary display of confidence he hoped to remove the jealousy created in the minds of the Illinois by the enemies of La Salle. Here he awaited, unmolested, the return of LaSalle. GEEAT BATTLE OF THE ILLINOIS. ' Neither Tonti nor his wild associates suspected that hordes of Iro quois were gathering preparatory to rushing down upon their country and reducing it to an uninhabited waste. Already these hell-hounds of the wilderness had destroyed the Hurons, Eries, and other natives on the lakes, and were now directing their attention to the Illinois for new victims. Five hundred Iroquois warriors set out for the home of the Illinois. All was fancied security and idle repose in the great town of this tribe, as the enemy stealthily approached. Suddenly as a clap of thunder from a cloudless sky the listless inhabitants were awakened from their lethargy. A Shawnee Indian, on his return home after a visit to the Illinois, first discovered the invaders. To save his friends from the im pending danger, he hurriedly returned and apprised them of the coming enemy. This intelligence spread with lightning rapidity over the town, and each wigwam disgorged its boisterous and as tounded inmates. Women snatched their children, and in a delirium of fright wandered aimlessly about, rending the air with their screams. The men, more self-possessed, seized their arms ready for the coming fray. Tonti, long an object of suspicion, was soon surrounded by an angry crowd of warriors, who accused him of be ing an emissary of the enemy. His inability to defend himself properly, in consequence of not fully understanding their language left them still inclined to believe him guilty, and they seized his effects from the fort and threw them into the river. The women and children were sent down the river for safety, and the warriors, not exceeding four hundred, as most of their young men were off hunting, returned to the village. Along the shores of the river they kindled huge bonfires, and spent the entire night in greasing their bodies, painting their faces, and performing the war-dance, to prepare for the approaching enemy. At early dawn the scouts who had been sent out returned, closely followed by the Iroquois. The scouts had seen a chief arrayed in French costume, and re ported their suspicions that LaSalle was in the camp of the enemy, and Tonti again became an object of jealousy. A concourse of wildly gesticulating savages immediately gathered about him, de- HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 35 manding his life, and nothing saved him from their uplifted weap ons but a promise that he and his men would go with them to meet the enemy. With their suspicions partly lulled, they hurriedly crossed the river and met the foe, when both commenced firing. Tonti, seeing that the Illinois were outnumbered and likely to be defeated, determined, at the imminent risk of his life, to stay the fight by an attempt at mediation. Presuming on the treaty of peace then existing between the French and Iroquois, he exchanged his gun for a belt of wampum and advanced to meet the savage multitude, attended by three companions, who, being unnecessarily exposed to danger, were dismissed, and he proceeded alone. A short walk brought him in the midst of a pack of yelping devils, writhing and distorted with fiendish rage, and impatient to shed his blood. As the result of his swarthy Italian complexion and ' half-savage costume, he was at first taken for an Indian, and before the mistake was discovered a young warrior approached and stabbed at his heart. Fortunately the blade was turned aside by coming in contact with a rib, yet a large flesh wound was inflicted, which bled profusely. At this juncture a chief discovered his true char acter, and he was led to the rear and efforts were made to staunch his wound. When sufficiently recovered, he declared the Illinois were under the protection of the French, and demanded, in consid eration of the treaty between the latter and the Iroquois, that they should be suffered to remain without further molestation. During this conference a young warrior snatched Tonti's hat, and, fleeing with it to the front, held it aloft on the end of his gun in view of the Illinois. The latter, judging that Tonti had been killed, renewed the fight with great vigor. Simultaneously, intelligence was brought to the Iroquois that Frenchmen were assisting their enemies in the fight, when the contest over Tonti was renewed with redoubled fury. Some declared that he should be immediately put to death, while others, friendly to LaSalle, with equal earnest ness demanded that he should be set at liberty. During their clamorous debate, his hair was several times lifted by a huge sav age who stood at his back with a scalping knife ready for execution. Tonti at length turned the current of the angry controversy in his favor, by stating that the Illinois were 1,200 strong, and that there were 60 Frenchmen at the village ready to assist them. This state ment obtained at least a partial credence, and his tormentors now 36 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. determined to use him as an instrument to delude the Illinois with a pretended truce. The old warriors, therefore, advanced to the front and ordered the firing to cease, while Tonti, dizzy from the loss of blood, was furnished with an emblem of peace and sent staggering across the plain to rejoin the Illinois. The two friars who had just returned from a distant hut, whither they had repaired for prayer and meditation, were the first to meet him and bless God for what they regarded as a miraculous deliverance. With the assurance brought by Tonti, the Illinois re-crossed the river to their lodges, followed by the enemy as far as the opposite bank. Not long after, large numbers of the latter, under the pretext of hunting, also crossed the river and hung in threatening groups about the town. These hostile indications, and the well-known disregard which the Iroquois had always evinced for their pledges, soon convinced the Illinois that their only' safety was in flight. With this conviction they set fire to their village, and while the vast volume of flames and smoke diverted the attention of the enemy, they quietly dropped down the river to join their women and children. As soon as the flames would permit, the Iroquois entrenched themselves on the site of the vil lage. Tonti and his men were ordered by the suspicious savages to leave their hut and take up their abode in the fort. At first the Iroquois were much elated at the discomfiture of the Illinois, but when two days afterward they discovered them recon- noitering their intrenchments, their courage greatly subsided. With fear they recalled the exaggerations of Tonti respecting their numbers, and concluded to send him with a hostage to make over tures of peace. He and his hostage were received with delight by the Illinois, who readily assented to the proposal which he brought, and in turn sent back with him a hostage to the Iroquois. On his return to the fort his life was again placed in jeopardy, and the treaty was with great difficulty ratified. The young and inexpe rienced Illinois hostage betrayed to his crafty interviewers the nu merical weakness of his tribe, and the savages immediately rushed upon Tonti, and charged him with having deprived them of the spoils and honors of victory. It now required all the tact of which he was master to escape. After much difficulty however, the treaty was con cluded, but the savages, to show their contempt for it, immediately commenced constructing canoes in which to descend the river and attack the Illinois. AN IBOQUOIS CHIEF. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 39 FEENCHMEN DEIVEN AWAY. Tonti managed to apprise the latter of their designs, and he and Membre were soon after summoned to attend a council of the Iro quois, who still labored under a wholesome fear of Count Frontenac, and disliking to attack the Illinois in the presence of the French, they thought to try to induce them to leave the country. At the assembling of the council, six packages of beaver skins were intro duced, and the savage orator, presenting them separately to Tonti, explained the nature of each. "The first two," said he, " were to de clare that the children of Count Frontenac, that is, the Illinois, should not be eaten; the next was a plaster to heal the wounds of Tonti; the next was oil wherewith to anoint him and Membre, that they might not be fatigued in traveling; the next proclaimed that the sun was bright; and the sixth and last required them to decamp and go home." At the mention of going home, Tonti demanded of them when they intended to set the example by leaving the Illinois in the peaceable possession of their country, which they had so unjustly in vaded. The cduncil grew boisterous and angry at the idea that they should be demanded to do what they required of the French, and some of its members, forgetting their previous pledge, declared that they would " eat Illinois flesh before they departed." Tonti, in imitation of the Indians' manner of expressing scorn, indignantly kicked away the presents of fur, saying, since they intended to de vour the children of Frontenac with cannibal ferocity, he would not accept their gifts. This stern rebuke resulted in the expulsion of Tonti and his companion from the council, and the next day the chiefs ordered them to leave the country. Tonti had now, at the great peril of his life, tried every expedient to prevent the slaughter of the Illinois. There was little to be ac complished by longer remaining in the~country, and as longer delay might imperil the lives of his own men, he determined to depart, not knowing where or when he would be able to rejoin LaSalle. With this object in view, the party, consisting of six persons, embarked in canoes, which soon proved leaky, and they were compelled to land for the purpose of making repairs. While thus employed, Father Ri- bourde, attracted by the beauty of the surrounding landscape, wan dered forth among the groves for meditation and prayer. Not return ¦ ing in due time, Tonti became alarmed, and started with a compan- 40 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. ion to ascertain the cause of the long delay. They soon discovered tracks of Indians, by whom it was supposed he had been seized, and guns were fired to direct his return, in case he was alive. Seeing nothing of him during the day, at night they built fires along the bank of the river and retired to the opposite side, to see who might approach them. Near midnight a number of Indians were seen flitting about the light, by whom, no doubt, had been made the tracks seen the previous day. It was afterward learned that they were a band of Kickapoos, who had for several days been hovering about the camp of the Iroquois in quest of scalps. They had fell in with the inoffensive old friar and scalped him. Thus, in the 65th year of his age, the only heir to a wealthy Burgnndian house per ished under the war-club of the savages for whose salvation he had renounced ease and affluence. INHUMAN BUTCHEEY. During this tragedy a far more revolting one was being enacted in the great town of Illinois. The Iroquois were tearing open the graves of the dead, and wreaking their vengeance upon the bodies made hideous by putrefaction. At this desecration, it is said, they even ate portions of the dead bodies, while subjecting them to every indignity that brutal hate could inflict. Still unsated by their hell ish brutalities, and now unrestrained by the presence of the French, they started in pursuit of the retreating Illinois. Day after day they and the opposing forces moved in compact array down the river, neither being able to gain any advantage over the other. At length the Iroquois obtained by falsehood that which number and prowess denied them. They gave out that their object was to pos sess the country, not by destroying, but by driving out its present inhabitants. Deceived by this false statement, the Illinois separa ted, some descending the Mississippi and others crossing to the western shore. The Tamaroas, more credulous than the rest, re mained near the mouth of the Illinois, and were suddenly attacked by an overwhelming force of the enemy. The men fled in dismay, and the women and children, to the number of 700, fell into the hands of the ferocious enemy. Then followed the tortures, butch eries and burnings which only the infuriated and imbruted Iroquois could perpetrate. \ LaSalle on his return discovered the half-charred bodies of women and children still bound to the stakes where they had suffered all the torments hellish hate could devise. In addition HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 41 to those who had been burnt, the- mangled bodies of women and children thickly covered the ground, many of which bore marks of brutality too horrid for record. After the ravenous horde had sufficiently glutted their greed for carnage, they retired from the country. The Illinois returned and rebuilt their town. TONTI SAFE AT GEEEN BAY. After the death of Ribourde, Tonti and his men again resumed their journey. Soon again their craft became disabled, when they abandoned it and started on foot for Lake Michigan. Their supply of provisions soon became exhausted, and they were compelled to subsist in a great measure on roots and" herbs. One of their companions wandered off in search of game, and lost his way, and several days elapsed before he rejoined them. In his absence he was without flints and bullets, yet contrived to shoot some turkeys by using slugs cut from a pewter porringer and a fire brand to discharge his gun. Tonti fell sick of a fever and greatly retarded the progress of the march. Nearing Green Bay, the cold increased and the means of subsistence decreased and the party would have perished had they not found a few ears of corn and some froz en squashes in the fields of a deserted village. Near the close of November they had reached the Pottawatomies, who warmly greet ed them. Their chief was an ardent admirer of the French, and was accustomed to say: " There were but three great captains in the world, — himself, Tonti and LaSalle." For the above account of Tonti's encounter with the Iroquois, we are indebted to Davidson and Stuve's History of Illinois. lasalle's eetuen. LaSalle returned to Peoria only to meet the hideous picture of devastation. Tonti had escaped, but LaSalle knew not whither. Pass ing down the lake in search of him and his men, LaSalle discov ered that the fort had been destroyed ; but the vessel which he had partly constructed was still on the stocks, and but slightly injured. After further fruitless search he fastened to a tree a painting repre senting himself and party sitting in a canoe and bearing a pipe of peace, and to the painting attached a letter addressed to Tonti. LaSalle was born in France in 1643, of wealthy parentage, and edu cated in a college of the Jesuits, from which he separated and came to Canada, a poor man, in 1666. He was a man of daring genius, 42 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. and outstripped all his competitors in exploits of travel and com merce with the Indians. He was granted a large tract of land at LaChine, where he established himself in the fur trade. In 1669 he visited the headquarters of the great Iroquois confederacy, at Onondaga, New York, and, obtaining guides, explored the Ohio river to the falls at Louisville. For many years previous, it must be remembered, missionaries and traders were obliged to make their way to the Northwest through Canada on account of the fierce hostility of the Iroquois along the lower lakes and Niagara river, which entirely closed this latter route to the upper lakes. They carried on their commerce chiefly by canoes, paddling them through Ottawa river to Lake Nipissing, carrying them across the portage to French river, and descending that to Lake Huron. This being the route by which they reached the Northwest, we have an explana tion of the fact that all the earliest Jesuit missions were established in the neighborhood of the upper lakes. LaSalle conceived the grand idea of opening the route by Niagara river and the lower lakes to Canada commerce by sail vessels, connecting it with the navigation of the Mississippi, and thus opening a magnificent water communication from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mex ico. This truly grand and comprehensive purpose seems to have animated him in his wonderful achievements, and the matchless difficulties and hardships he surmounted. As the first step in the accomplishment of this object he established himself on Lake Ontario, and built and garrisoned Fort Frontenac, the site of the present city of Kingston, Canada. Here he obtained a grant of land from the French crown, and a body of troops, by which he repulsed the Iroquois and opened passage to Niagara Falls. Hav ing by this masterly stroke made it safe to attempt a hitherto untried expedition, his next step, as we have seen, was to build a ship with which to sail the lakes. He was successful in this under taking, though his ultimate purpose was defeated by a strange com bination of untoward circumstances. The Jesuits evidently hated LaSalle and plotted against him, because he had abandoned them and united with a rival order. The fur traders were also jealous of his success in opening new channels of commerce. While they were plodding with their bark canoes through the Ottawa, he was con structing sailing vessels to command the trade of the lakes and the Mississippi. These great plans excited the jealousy and envy of HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 43 small traders, introduced treason and revolt into the ranks of his men, and finally led to the foul assassination by which his great ' achievements were permanently ended. LASALLE'S ASSASSINATION. Again visiting the Illinois in the year 1682, LaSalle de scended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. He erected a standard upon which he inscribed the arms of France, and took formal possession of the whole valley of this mighty river in the name of Louis XIV., then reigning, and in honor of whom he named the country Louisiana. LaSalle then returned to France, was appointed Governor, and returned with a fleet of immigrants for the purpose of planting a colony in Illinois. They arrived in due time in the Gulf of Mexico, but failing to find the mouth of the Missis sippi, up which they intended to sail, his supply ship, with the immigrants, was driven ashore and wrecked on Matagorda Bay. With the fragments of the vessel he constructed rude huts and stockades on the shore for the protection of his followers, calling the post Fort St. Louis. He then made a trip into New Mexico in search of silver mines, but, meeting with disappointment, returned to find his colony reduced to forty souls. He then resolved to travel on foot to Illinois. With some twenty of his men they filed out of their fort on the 12th of January, 1687, and after the part ing, — which was one of sighs, of tears, and of embraces, all seeming intuitively to know that they should see each other no more, — they started on their disastrous journey. Two of the party, Du Haut and Leotot, when on a hunting expedition in company with a nephew of LaSalle, assassinated him while asleep. The long absence of his nephew caused LaSalle to go in search of him. On approaching the murderers of his nephew, they fired upon him, kill ing him instantly. They then despoiled the body of its clothing, and ieft it to be devoured by the wild beasts of the forest. Thus, at the age of 43, perished one whose exploits have so greatly enriched the history of the New World To estimate aright the marvels of his patient fortitude, one thust follow on his track through the vast scene of his interminable journeyings, those thou sands of weary miles of forest, marsh and river, where, again and again, in the bitterness of baffled striving, the untiring pilgrim pushed onward toward the goal he never was to attain. America owes him an enduring memory; for in this masculine figure, cast 44 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. in iron, she sees the heroic pioneer who guided her to the possession of her richest heritage. Tonti, who had been stationed at the fort on the Illinois, learning of LaSalle's unsuccessful voyage, immediately started down the Mississippi to his relief. Reaching the Gulf, he found no traces of the colony. He then returned, leaving some of his men at the mouth of the Arkansas. These were discovered by the remnant of LaSalle's followers, who guided them to the fort on the Illinois, where they reported that LaSalle was in Mexico. The little band left at Fort St. Louis were finally destroyed by the Indians, and the murderers of LaSalle were shot. Thus ends the sad chapter of Robert Cavalier de LaSalle's exploration. FRENCH OCCUPATION. FIEST SETTLEMENTS. The first mission in Illinois, as we have already seen, was com menced by Marquette in April, 1675. He called the religious society which he established the*" Mission of the Immaculate Con ception," and the town Kaskaskia. The first military occupation of the country was at Fort Crevecoeur, erected in 1680; but there is no evidence that a settlement was commenced there, or at Peoria, on the lake above, at that early date. The first settlement of which there is any authentic account was commenced with the building of Fort St. Louis on the Illinois river in 1682; but this was soon abandoned. The oldest permanent settlement, not only in Illinois, but in the val ley of the Mississippi, is at Kaskaskia, situated six miles above the mouth of the Kaskaskia river. This was settled in 1690 by the removal of the mission from old Kaskaskia, or Ft. St. Louis, on the Illinois river. Cahokia was settled about the same time. The reason for the removal of the old Kaskaskia settlement and mission, was probably because the dangerous and difficult route by Lake Michigan and the Chicago portage had been almost abandoned, and travelers and traders traveled down and up the Mississippi by the Fox and Wisconsin rivers. It was removed to the vicinity of the Mississippi in order to be in the line of travel from Canada to Louisiana, that is, the lower part of it, for it was all Louisiana then south of the lakes. Illinois came into possession of the French in 1682, and was a dependency of Canada and a part of Louisiana. During the period of French rule in Louisiana, the population HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 45 probably never exceeded ten thousand. To the year 1730 the fol lowing five distinct settlements were made in the territory of Illinois, numbering, in population, 140 French families, about 600 "converted " Indians, and many traders; Cahokia, near the mouth of Cahokia creek and about five miles below the present city of St. Louis; St. Philip, about forty-five miles below Cahokia; Fort Chartres, twelve miles above Kaskaskia; KaskaBkia, situated on the Kaskaskia river six miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, and Prairie du Rocher, near Fort Chartres. Fort Chartres was built under the direction of the Mississippi Company in 1718, and was for a time the headquarters of the military commandants of the district of Illinois, and the most impregnable fortress in North America. It was also the center of wealth and fashion in the West. For about eighty years the French retained peaceable possession of Illinois. Their amiable disposition and tact of ingratiating them selves with the Indians enabled them to escape almost entirely the broils which weakened and destroyed other colonies. Whether exploring remote rivers or traversing hunting grounds in pursuit of game, in the social circle or as participants in the religious exer cises of the church, the red men became their associates and were treated with the kindness and consideration of brothers. For more than a hundred years peace between the white man and the red was unbroken, and when at last this reign of harmony terminated it was not caused by the conciliatory Frenchman, but b}' the blunt and sturdy Anglo-Saxon. During this century, or until the coun try was occupied by the English, no regular court was ever held. When, in 1765, the country passed into the hands of the English, many of the French, rather than submit to a change in their insti tutions, preferred to leave their homes and seek a new abode. There are, however, at the present time a few remnants of the old French stock in the State, who still retain to a great extent the ancient habits and customs of their fathers. the Mississirri company. During the earliest period of French occupation of this country, M. Tonti, LaSalle's attendant, was commander-in-chief of all the territory embraced between Canada and the Gulf of Mexico, and extending east and west of the Mississippi as far as his ambition or imagination pleased to allow. He spent twenty-one years in estab lishing forts and organizing the first settlements of Illinois. Sep- 46 , HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. tember 14, 1712, the French government granted a monopoly of all the trade and commerce of the country to M- Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, who established a trading company in Illinois, and it was by this means that the early settlements became perma nent and others established. Crozat surrendered his charter in 1717, and the Company of the West, better known as the Missis sippi Company, was organized; to aid and assist the banking system of John Law, the most famous speculator of modern times, and perhaps at one time the wealthiest private individual the world has ever known; but his treasure was transitory. Under the Company of the West a branch was organized called the Company of St. Philip's, for the purpose of working the rich silver mines sup posed to be in Illinois, and Philip Renault was appointed as its agent. In 1719 he sailed from France with two hundred miners, laborers and mechanics. During 1719 the Company of the West was by royal order united with the Royal Company of the Indies, and had the influence and support of the crown, who was deluded by the belief that immense wealth would flow into the empty treas ury of France. This gigantic scheme, one of the mos"t extensive and wonderful bubbles ever blown up to astonish, deceive and ruin thousands of people, was set in operation by the fertile brain of John Law. Law was born in Scotland in 1671, and so rapid had been his career that at the age of twenty-three he was a " bankrupt, an adulterer, a murderer and an exiled outlaw." But he possessed great financial ability, and by his agreeable and attractive manners, and his enthusiastic advocacy of his schemes, he succeeded in inflaming the imagination of the mercurial Frenchmen, whose greed for gain led them to adopt any plans for obtaining wealth. Law arrived in Paris with two and a half millions of francs, which he had gained at the gambling table, just at the right time. Louis XIV. had just died and left as a legacy empty coffers and an immense public debt. Every thing and everybody was taxed to the last penny to pay even the interest. All the sources of in dustry were dried up; the very wind which wafted the barks of commerce seemed to have died away under the pressure of the time ; trade stood still ; the merchant, the trader, the artificer, once flourishing in affluence, were transformed into clamorous beggars. The life-blood that animated the kingdom was stagnated in all its arteries, and the danger of an awful crisis became such that HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 47 the nation was on the verge of bankruptcy. At this critical junc ture John Law arrived and proposed his grand scheme of the Mississippi Company; 200,000 shares of stock at 500 livres each were at first issued. This sold readily and great profits were realized. More Btock was issued, speculation became rife, the fever seized everybody, and the wildest speculating frenzy pervaded the whole nation. Illinois was thought to contain vast and rich mines of minerals. Kaskaskia, then scarcely more than the settlement of a few savages, was spoken of as an emporium of the most extensive traffic, and as rivaling some of the cities of Europe in refinement, fashion and religious culture. Law was in the zenith of his glory, and the people in the zonith of their infatuation. The high and the low, the rich and the poor, were at once filled with visions of untold wealth, and every age, set, rank and condition were buying and selling stocks. Law issued stock again and again, and readily sold until 2,235,000,000 livres were in circulation, equaling about $450,000,000. While confidence lasted an impetus was given to trade never before known. An illusory policy everywhere prevailed, and so dazzled the eye that none could see in the horizon the dark cloud announc ing the approaching storm. Law at the time was the most influ ential man in Europe. His house was beset from morning till night with eager applicants for stock. Dukes, marquises and counts, with their wives and daughters, waited for hours in the street below his door. Finding his residence too small, he changed it for the Place Vendome, whither the crowd followed him, and the spacious square had the appearance of a public market. The boule vards and public gardens were forsaken, and the Place Vendome became the most fashionable place in Paris; and he was unable to wait upon even one-tenth part of his applicants. The bubble burst after a few years, scattering ruin and distress in every direction. Law, a short time previous the most popular man in Europe, fled to Brussels, and in 1729 died in Venice, in obscurity and poverty. ENGLISH RULE. As early as 1750 there could be perceived the first throes of the revolution, which gave a new master and new institutions to Illi nois. France claimed the whole valley of the Mississippi, and Eng land the right to extend her possessions westward as far as she might desire. Through colonial controversies the two mother 48 ' HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. countries were precipitated into a bloody war within the North western Territory, George Washington firing the first gun of the military struggle which resulted in the overthrow of the French not only in Illinois but in North America. The French evinced a determination to retain control of the territory bordering the Ohio and Mississippi from Canada to the Gulf, and so long as the En glish colonies were confined to the sea-coast there was little reason for controversy. • As the English, however, became acquainted with this beautiful and fertile portion of our country, they not only learned the value of the vast territory, but also resolved to set up a counter claim to the soil. The French established numerous mili tary and trading posts from the frontiers of Canada to New Or leans, and in order to establish also their claims to jurisdiction over the country they carved the lilies of France on the forest trees, or sunk plates of metal in the ground. These measures did not, however, deter the English from going on with their explorations; and though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and it was only a question of time when the storm should burst upon the frontier settlement. The French based their claims upon discoveries, the English on grants of territory extending from ocean to ocean, but neither party paid the least attention to the prior claims of the Indians. From this posi tion of affairs, it was evident that actual collision between the contending parties would not much longer be deferred. The En glish Government, in anticipation of a war, urged the Governor of Virginia to lose no time in building two forts, which were equipped by arms from England. The French anticipated the English and gathered a considerable force to defend their possessions. The Governor determined to send a messenger to the nearest French post and demand an explanation. This resolution of the Governor brought into the history of our country for the first time the man of all others whom America most loves to honor, namely, George Washington. He was chosen, although not yet twenty-one years of age, as the one to perform this delicate and difficult mission. With five companions he set out on Nov. 10, 1753, and after a per ilous journey returned Jan. 6, 1754. The struggle commenced and continued long, and was bloody and fierce; but on the 10th of Octo ber, 1765, the ensign of France was replaced on the ramparts of Fort Chartres by the flag of Great Britain. This fort was the mmwmm GEN. GEOBGE E0GEES CLAEK. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 51 depot of supplies and the place of rendezvous for the united forces of the French. At this time the colonies of the Atlantic seaboard were assembled in preliminary congress at New York, dreaming of liberty and independence for the continent; and Washington, who led the expedition against the French for the English king, in less than ten years was commanding the forces opposed to the English tyrant. Illinois, besides being constructively a part of Florida for over one hundred years, during which time no Spaniard set foot upon her soil or rested his eyes upon her beautiful plains, for nearly ninety years had been in the actual occupation of the French, their puny settlements slumbering quietly in colonial dependence on the distant waters of the Kaskaskia, Illinois and Wabash. gen. claek's exploits. The Northwest Territory was now entirely under English rule, and on the breaking out of the Revolutionary war the British held every post of importance in the West. While the colonists of the East were maintaining a fierce struggle with the armies of England, their western frontiers were ravaged by merciless butcheries of In dian warfare. The jealousy of the savage was aroused to action by the rapid extension of American settlement westward and the im proper influence exerted by a number of military posts garrisoned by British troops. To prevent indiscriminate slaughters arising from these causes, Illinois became the theater of some of the most daring exploits connected with American history. The hero of the achieve ments by which this beautiful land was snatched as a gem from the British Crown, was George Rogers Clark, of Virginia. He had closely watched the movements of the British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan; he also knew the Indians were not unanimously in accord with the English, and therefore was convinced that if the British could be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives might be easily awed into neutrality. Having convinced himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlement might easily succeed, he repaired to the cap ital of Virginia, arriving Nov. 5, 1777. While he was on his way, fortunately, Burgoyne was defeated (Oct. 17), and the spirits of the colonists were thereby greatly encouraged. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at once entered heartily into Clark's plans. After satisfying the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his project, he received two sets of instructions, — one secret, the 52 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. other open. The latter authorized him to enlist seven companies to go to Kentucky, and serve three months after their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand at Pittsburg, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. HE TAKES KASKASKIA. With these instructions Col. Clark repaired to Pittsburg, choos ing rather to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Holstein and Captains Helm and Bowman to other localities to enlist men; but none of them succeeded in rais ing the required number. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to join the expedition. With these companies and several private volunteers Clark commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he navigated as far as the falls, where he took posses sion of and fortified Corn Island, a small island between the present cities of Louisville, Ky., and New Albany, Ind. Here, after having completed his arrangements and announced to the men their real destination, he left a small garrison; and on the 24th of June, dur ing a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured no good, they floated down the river. His plan was to go by water as far as Fprt Massac, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he intended to march directly to the Mississippi river and cross it into the Spanish country. Before his start he received good items of information: one that an alliance had been formed between France and the United States, and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois country and the inhabitants at the various frontier posts had been led by the British to believe that the " Long Knives," or Virginians, were the most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from gratitude would become friendly, if treated with unexpected lenity. The march to Kaskaskia was made through a hot July sun, they arriving on the evening of the 4th of July, 1778. They captured the fort near the village and soon after the village itself, by surprise, and without the loss of HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 53 a 6ingle man and without killing any of the enemy. After suffi ciently working on the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at perfect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the great conflict they would ; also he would pro tect them against any barbarity from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect; and the inhabitants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked-for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms; and when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accompanied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place surrendered and gladly placed themselves under his protection. In the person of M. Gibault, priest of Kaskaskia, Clark found a powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain pos session of the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken. St. Vin cent, the post next in importance to Detroit, remained yet to be taken before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection with England. Clark gladly accepted this offer, and July 14th, in company with a fellow-townsman, Gibault started on his mission of peace. On the 1st of August he returned with. the cheerful intelligence that everything was peaceably ad justed at Vincennes in favor of the Americans. During the inter val, Col. Clark established -his courts, placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his men, and sent word to have a fort (which proved the germ of Louisville) erected at the falls of the Ohio. While the American commander was thus negotiating with the Indians, Hamilton, the British Governor of Detroit, heard of Clark's invasion, and was greatly incensed because the country which he had in charge should be wrested from him by a few ragged militia. He therefore hurriedly collected a force, marched by way of the Wabash, and appeared before the fort at Vincennes. The inhabi tants made an effort to defend the town, and when Hamilton's forces arrived, Captain Helm and a man named Henry were the only Americans in the fort. These men had been sent by Clark. The latter charged a cannon and placed it in the open gateway, and the Captain stood by it with a lighted match and cried out, as Ham ilton came in hailing distance, "Halt!" The British officer, not 54 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. knowing the strength of the garrison, stopped, and demanded the surrender of the fort. Helm exclaimed, " No man shall enter here till I know the terms." Hamilton responded, " You shall have the honors of war." The entire garrison consisted of one officer and one private. VINCENNES CAPTUEED. On taking Kaskaskia, Clark made a prisoner of Rocheblave, commander of the place, and got possession of all his written instructions for the conduct of the war. From these papers he received important information respecting the plans of Col. Ham ilton, Governor at Detroit, who was intending to make a vigorous and concerted attack upon the frontier. After arriving at Vin cennes, however, he gave up his intended campaign for the winter, and trusting to his distance from danger and to the difficulty of approaching him, sent off his Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, and to annoy the Americans in all ways. Thus he sat quietly down to pass the winter with only about eighty soldiers, but secure, as he thought, from molestation. But he evidently did not realize the character of the men with whom he was contending. Clark, although he could muster only one hundred and thirty men, determined to take advantage of Hamilton's weakness and security, and attack him as the only means of saving himself; for unless he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Accordingly, about the beginning of February, 1779, he dispatched a small galley which he had fitted out, mounted with two four-pounders and four swivels and manned with a company of soldiers, and carrying stores for his men, with orders to force her way up the Wabash, to take her station a few miles below Vincennes, and to allow no person to pass her. He himself marched with his little band, and spent six teen days in traversing the country from Kaskaskia to Vincennes, passing with incredible fatigue through woods and marshes. He was five days in crossing the bottom lands of the Wabash; and for five miles was frequently up to the breast in water. After over coming difficulties which had been thought insurmountable, he appeared before the place and completely surprised it. The inhab itants readily submitted, but Hamilton at first defended himself in the fort. Next day, however, he surrendered himself and his gar rison prisoners-of-war. By his activity in encouraging the hostili ties of the Indians and by the revolting enormities perpetrated by HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 55 those savages, Hamilton had rendered himself so obnoxious that he was thrown in prison and put in irons. During his command of the British frontier posts he offered prizes to the Indians for all the scalps of the Americans they would bring him, and earned in con sequence thereof the title, "Hair-Buyer General," by which he was ever afterward known. The services of Clark proved of essential advantage to his coun trymen. They disconcerted the plans of Hamilton, and not only saved the western frontier from depredations by the savages, but also greatly cooled the ardor of the Indians for carrying on a contest in which they were not likely to be the gainers. Had it not been for this small army, a union of all the tribes from Maine to Georgia against the colonies might have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed. ILLINOIS. COUNTY OF ILLINOIS. In October, 1778, after the successful campaign of Col. Clark, the assembly of Virginia erected the conquered country, embracing all the territory northwest of the Ohio river, into the County of Illi nois, which was doubtless the largest county in the world, exceeding in its dimensions the whole of Great Britian and Ireland. To speak more definitely, it contained the territory now embraced in the great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan. On the 12th of December, 1778, John Todd was appointed Lieutenant- Commandant of this county by Patrick Henry, then Governor of Virginia, and accordingly, also, the first of Illinois County. NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY. Illinois continued, to form a part of Virginia until March 1, 1784, when that State ceded all the territory north of the Ohio to the United States. Immediately the general Government proceeded to establish a form of government for the settlers in the territories thus ceded. This form continued until the passage of the ordi nance of 1787, for the government of the Northwestern Terri tory. No man can study the secret history of this ordinance and not feel that Providence was guiding with sleepless eye the des- 56 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. tinies of these unborn States. American legislation has never achieved anything more admirable, as an internal government, than this comprehensive ordinance. Its provisions concerning the distribution of property, the principles of civil and religious liberty which it laid at the foundation of the communities since established, and the efficient and simple organization by which it created the first machinery of civil society, are worthy of all the praise that has ever been given them. OEDINANCE OF 1787. This ordinance has a marvelous and interesting history. Con siderable controversy has been indulged in as to who is entitled to the credit for framing it. This belongs, undoubtedly, to Nathan Dane; and to Rufus King and Timothy Pickering belong the •credit for suggesting the proviso contained in it against slavery, and also for aids to religion and knowledge, and for assuring for- ¦ever the common use, without charge, of the great national high ways of the Mississippi, the St. Lawrence and their tributaries to all the citizens of the United States. To Thomas Jefferson is also due much credit, as some features of this ordinance were embraced in his ordinance of 1784. But the part taken by each in the long, laborious and eventful struggle which had so glorious a consum mation in the ordinance, consecrating forever, by one imprescript ible and unchangeable monument, the very heart of our country to • Freedom, Knowledge, and Union, will forever honor the names of those illustrious statesmen. Mr. Jefferson had vainly tried to secure a system of government for the Northwestern Territory. He was an emancipationist and favored the exclusion of slavery from the territory, but the South voted him down every time he proposed a measure of this nature. In 1787, as late as July 10, an organizing act without the anti- slavery clause was pending. This concession to the South was expected to carry it. Congress was in session in New York. On July 5, Rev. Manasseh Cutler, of Massachusetts, came into New York to lobby on the Northwestern Territory. Everything seemed to fall into his hands. Events were ripe. The state of the public credit, the growing of Southern prejudice, the basis of his mission, his personal character, all combined to complete one of those sudden and marvelous revolutions of public sentiment that HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 57 once in five or ten centuries are seen to sweep over a country like the breath of the Almighty. Cutler was a graduate of Yale. He had studied and taken de grees in the three learned professions, medicine, law, and divinity. He had published a scientific examination of the plants of New England. As a scientist in America his name stood second only to that of Franklin He was a courtly gentleman of the old style, a man of commanding presence and of inviting face. The Southern members said they had never seen such a gentleman in the North. He came representing a Massachusetts company that desired to purchase a tract of land, now included in Ohio, for the purpose of planting a colony. It was a speculation. Government money was worth eighteen cents on the dollar. This company had collected enough to purchase 1,500,000 acres of land. Other speculators in New York made Dr. Cutler their agent, which enabled him to represent a demand for 5,500,000 acres. As this would reduce the national debt, and Jefferson's policy was to provide, for the public credit, it presented a good opportunity to do something. Massachusetts then owned the territory of Maine, which she was crowding on the market. She was opposed to opening the North western region. This fired the zeal of Virginia. The South caught the inspiration, and all exalted Dr. Cutler. The entire South ral lied around him. Massachusetts could not vote against him, be cause many of the constituents of her members were interested /personally in the Western speculation. Thus Cutler, making friends in the South, and doubtless using all the arts of the lobby, was enabled to command the situation. True to deeper convic tions, he dictated one of the most compact and finished documents of wise statesmanship that has ever adorned any human law book. He borrowed from Jefferson the term "Articles of Compact," which, preceding the federal constitution, rose into the most sacred char acter. He then followed very closely the constitution of Massa chusetts, adopted three years before. Its most prominent points were: 1. The exclusion of slavery from the territory forever. 2. Provision for public schools, giving one township for a semi nary and every section numbered 16 in each township; that is, one thirty-sixth of all the land for public schools. 3. A provision prohibiting the adoption of any constitution or 58 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. the enactment of any law that should nullify pre-existing contracts. Beit forever remembered that this compact declared that "re ligion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good govern ment and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of edu cation shall always be encouraged." Dr. Cutler planted himself on this platform and would not yield. Giving his unqualified dec laration that it was that or nothing, — that unless they could make the land desirable they did not want it, — he took his horse and buggy and started for the constitutional convention at Philadelphia. On July 13, 1787, the bill was put upon its passage, and was unani mously adopted. Thus the great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, a vast empire, were consecrated to free dom, intelligence, and morality. Thus the great heart of the nation was prepared to save the union of States, for it was this act that was the salvation of the republic and the destruction of slavery. Soon the South saw their great blunder and tried to have the compact repealed. In 1803 Congress referred it to a committee, of which John Randolph was chairman. He reported that this ordinance was a compact and opposed repeal. Thus it stood, a rock in the way of the on-rushing sea of slavery. SYMPATHY WITH SLAVEEY. With all this timely aid it was, however, a most desperate and protracted struggle to keep the soil of Illinois sacred to freedom. It was the natural battle-field for the irrepressible conflict. In the southern end of the State slavery preceded the compact. It ex isted among the old French settlers, and was hard to eradicate. That portion was also settled from the slave States, and this popu lation brought their laws, customs, and*institutions with them. A stream of population from the North poured into the northern part of the State. These sections misunderstood and hated each other perfectly. The Southerners regarded the Yankees as a skinning, tricky, penurious race of peddlers, filling the country with tinware, brass clocks, and wooden nutmegs. The Northerner thought of the Southerner as a lean, lank, lazy creature, burrowing in a hut, and rioting in whisky, dirt, and ignorance. These causes aided in making the struggle long and bitter. So strong was the sympathy with slavery that, in spite of the ordinance of 1787, and in spite of the deed of cession, it was determined to allow the old French set tlers to retain their slaves. Planters from the slave States might GEN. ARTHUR ST. CLAIR. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 59 bring their slaves if they would give them an opportunity to choose freedom or years of service and bondage for their children till they should become thirty years of age. If they chose freedom they must leave the State within sixty days, or be sold as fugitives. Servants were whipped for offenses for which white men were fined. Each lash paid forty cents of the fine. A negro ten miles from home without a pass was whipped. These famous laws were im ported from the slave States, just as the laws for the inspection of flax and wool were imported when there was neither in the State. ST. CLAIE, GOVEENOE OF NOETHWESTEEN TEEEITOEY. On October 5, 1787, Maj. Gen. Arthur St. Clair was, by Congress, elected Governor of this vast territory. St. Clair was born in Scot land and emigrated to America in 1755. He served in the French and English war, and was major general in the Revolution. In 1786 he was elected to Congress and chosen President of that body. ILLINOIS TERRITORY. After the division of the Northwestern Territbry Illinois became one of the counties of the Territory of Indiana, from which it was separated by an act of Congress Feb. 3, 1809, forming the Territory of Illinois, with a population estimated at 9,000, and then included the present State of Wisconsin. It was divided, at the time, into two counties, — St. Clair and Randolph. John Boyle, of Ken tucky, was appointed Governor, by the President, James Madison, but declining, Ninian Edwards, of the same State, was then appointed and served with distinction ; and after the organization of Illinois as a State he served in the same capacity, being its third Governor. WAR OF 1812. THE OUTBREAK. For some years previous to the war between the United States and England in 1812, considerable trouble was experienced with the Indians. Marauding bands of savages would attack small settle ments and inhumanly butcher all the inhabitants, and mutilate their dead bodies. To protect themselves, the settlers organized ' companies of rangers, and erected block houses and stockades in every settlemen-t. The largest, strongest and best one of these was Fort Russell, near the present village of Edwardsville. This stockade 60 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. was made the main rendezvous for troops and military stores, and Gov. Edwards, who during the perilous times of 1812, when Indian hostilities threatened on every hand, assumed command of the Illi nois forces, established his headquarters at this place. The Indians were incited to many of these depredations by English emissaries, who for years continued their dastardly work of " setting the red men, like dogs, upon the whites." In the summer of 1811 a peace convention was held with the Pottawatomies at Peoria, when they promised that peace should prevail; but their promises were soon broken. Tecumseh, the great warrior, and fit successor of Pontiac, started in the spring of 1811, to arouse the Southern Indians to war against the whites. The pur pose, of this chieftain was well known to Gov. Harrison, of Indiana Territory, who determined during Tecumseh's absence to strike and disperse the hostile forces collected at Tippecanoe. This he success fully did on Nov. 7, winning the sobriquet of " Tippecanoe," by which he was afterwards commonly known. Several peace councils were held, at which the Indians promised good behavior, but only to deceive the whites. Almost all the savages of the Northwest were thoroughly stirred up and did not desire peace. The British agents at various points, in anticipation of a war with the United States, sought to enlist the favor of the savages by distributing to them large supplies of arms, ammunition and other goods. The English continued their insults to our flag upon the high seas, and their government refusing to relinquish its offensive course, all hopes of peace and safe commercial relations were abandoned, and Congress, on the 19th of June, 1812, formally declared war against Great Britain. In Illinois the threatened Indian troubles had already caused a more thorough organization of the militia and greater protection by the erection of forts. As intimated, the In dians took the war-path long before the declaration of hostilities between the two civilized nations, committing great depredations, the most atrocious of which was the MASSACEE AT FOET DEAEBOEN. During the war of 1812 between the United States and England, the greatest, as well as the most revolting, massacre of whites that ever occurred in Illinois, was perpetrated by the Pottawatomie In dians, at Fort Dearborn. This fort was built by the Government, in 1804, on the south 6ide of the Chicago river, and was garrisoned HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 61 by 54 men under command of Capt. Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant Helm and Ensign Ronan; Dr. Voorhees, surgeon. The residents at the post at that time were the wives of officers Heald and Helm and a few of the soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and a few Canadians. The soldiers and Mr. Kinzie were on the most friendly terms with the Pottawatomies and Winnebagoes, the prin cipal tribes around them. On the 7th of August, 1812, arrived the order from Gen. Hull, at Detroit, to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and distribute all United States property to the Indians. Chicago was so deep in the wilderness OLD FORT DEARBORN. that this was the first intimation the garrison received of the dec laration of war made on the 19th of June. The Indian chief who brought the dispatch advised Capt. Heald not to evacuate, and that if he should decide to do so, it be done immediately, and by forced marches elude the concentration of the savages before the news could be circulated among them. To this most excellent ad vice the Captain gave no heed, but on the 12th held a council with 62 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. the Indians, apprising them of the orders received, and offering a liberal reward for an escort of Pottawatomies to Fort Wayne. The Indians, with many professions of friendship, assented to all he proposed, and promised all he required. The remaining officers re fused to join in the council, for they had been informed that treach ery was designed, — that the Indians intended to murder those in the council, and then destroy those in the fort. The port holes were open, displaying cannons pointing directly upon the council. This action, it is supposed, prevented a massacre at that time. Mr. Kinzie, who knew the Indians well, begged Capt. Heald not to confide in their promises, or distribute the arms and ammu nitions among them, for it would only put power in their hands to destroy the whites. This argument, true and excellent in- itself, was now certainly inopportune, and would only incense the treach erous foe. But the Captain resolved to follow it, and accordingly on the night of the 13th, after the distribution of the other property, the arms were broken, and the barrels of whisky, of which there was a large quantity, were rolled quietly through the sally-port, their heads knocked in and their contents emptied into the river. On that night the lurking red-skins crept near the fort and discovered the destruction of the promised booty going on within. The next morn ing the powder was seen floating on the surface of the river, and the Indians asserted that such an abundance of " fire-water" had been emptied into the river as to make it taste " groggy." Many of them drank of it freely. On the 14th the desponding garrison was somewhat cheered by the arrival of Capt. Wells, with 15 friendly Miamis. Capt. Wells heard at Fort Wayne of the order to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and knowing the hostile intentions of the Indians, made a rapid march through the wilderness to protect, if possible, his niece, Mrs. Heald, and the officers and the garrison from certain destruction. But he came too late. Every means for its defense had been destroyed the night before, and arrangements were made for leaving the fort on the following morning. The fatal morning of the 16th at length dawned brightly on the world. The sun shone in unclouded splendor upon the glassy waters of Lake Michigan. At 9 a. m., the party moved out of the south ern gate of the fort, in military array. The band, feeling the solem nity of the occasion, struck up the Dead March in Saul. Capt. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 63 Wells, with his face blackened after the manner of the Indians, led the advance guard at the head of his friendly Miamis, the garrison with loaded arms, the baggage wagons with the sick, and the women and children following, while the Pottawatomie Indians, about 500 in number, who had pledged their honor to escort the whites in safety to Fort Wayne, brought up the rear. The party took the road along the lake shore. On reaching the range of sand-hills separating the beach from the prairie, about one mile and a half- from the fort, the Indians defiled to the right into the prairie, bring ing the sand-hills between them and the whites. This divergence was scarcely effected when Capt. Wells, who had kept in advance with his Indians, rode furiously back and exclaimed, " They are about to attack us. Form instantly and charge upon them!" These words were scarcely uttered before a volley of balls from Indian muskets was poured in upon them. The troops were hastily formed into line, and charged up the bank. One veteran of 70 fell as they ascended. The Indians were driven back to the prairie, and then the battle was waged by 54 soldiers, 12 civilians, and three or four women — the cowardly Miamis having fled at the outset — against 500 Indian warriors. The whites behaved gallantly, and sold their lives dearly. They fought desperately until two-thirds of their number were slain; the remaining 27 surrendered. And now the most sickening and heart-rending butchery of this calam itous day was committed by a young savage, who assailed one of the baggage wagons containing 12 children, every one of which fell beneath his murderous tomahawk. When Capt. Wells, who with the others had become prisoner, beheld this scene at a distance, he exclaimed in a tone loud enough to be heard by the savages, " If this be your game, I can kill too;" and turning his horse, started for the place where the Indians had left their squaws and children. The Indians hotly pursued, but he avoided their deadly bullets for a time. Soon his horse was killed and he severely wounded. With a yell the young braves rushed to make him their prisoner and re serve him for torture. But an enraged warrior stabbed him in the back, and he fell dead. His heart was afterwards taken out, cut in pieces and distributed among the tribes. Billy Caldwell, a half- breed Wyandot, well-known in Chicago long afterward, buried his remains the next day. Wells street in Chicago, perpetuates his memory. 64 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. In this fearful combat women bore a conspicuous part. A wife of one of the soldiers, who had frequently heard that the Indians subjected their prisoners to tortures worse than death, resolved not to be taken alive, and continued fighting until she was literally cut to pieces. Mrs. Heald was an excellent equestrian, and an expert in the use of the rifle. She fought bravely, receiving several wounds. Though faint from loss of blood, she managed to keep inker saddle. A savage raised his tomahawk to kill her, when she looked him full in the face, and with a sweet smile and gentle voice said, in his own language, " Surely you will not kill a squaw." The arm of of the savage fell, and the life of this heroic woman was saved. Mrs. Helm had an encounter with a stalwart Indian, who attempted to tomahawk her. Springing to one side, she received the glancing blow on her shoulder, and at the same time she seized the savage round the neck and endeavored to get his seal ping-knife which hung in a sheath at his breast. While she was thus struggling, she was dragged from his grasp by another and an older Indian. The latter bore her, struggling and resisting, to the lake and plunged her in. She soon perceived it was not his intention to drown her, because he held her in such a position as to keep her head out of the water. She recognized him to be a celebrated chief called Black Partridge. When the firing ceased she was conducted up the sand-bank. SLAUGHTEE OF PEISONEES. The prisoners were taken back to the Indian camp, when a new scene of horror was enacted. The wounded not being included in the terms of the surrender, as it was interpreted by the Indians, and the British general, Proctor, having offered a liberal bounty for American scalps, nearly all the wounded were killed and scalped, and the price of the trophies was afterwards paid by the British general. In the stipulation of surrender, Capt. Heald had not particularly mentioned the wounded. These helpless sufferers, on reaching the Indian camp, were therefore regarded by the brutal savages as fit subjects upon which to display their oraelty and satisfy their desire for blood. Referring to the terrible butchery of the prisoners, in an account given by Mrs. Helm, she says: "An old squaw, infuriated by the loss of friends or excited by the sanguin ary scenes around her, seemed possessed of demoniac fury. She seized a stable-fork and assaulted one miserable victim, who lay HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 65 groaning and writhing in the agonies of his wounds, aggravated by the scorching beams of the sun. With a delicacy of feeling, scarcely to have been expected under such circumstances, Wan-bee-nee-wan stretched a mat across two poles, between me and this dreadful scene. I was thus spared, in some degree, a view of its horrors, although I could not entirely close my ears to the cries of the sufferer. The following night five more of the wounded prisoners were toma hawked." KINZIE FAMILY SAVED. That evening, about sundown, a council of chiefs was held to decide the fate of the prisoners, and it was agreed to deliver them OLD KINZIE HOUSE. to the British commander at Detroit. After dark, many warriors from a distance came into camp, who were thirsting for blood, and were determined to murder the prisoners regardless of the terms of surrender. Black Partridge, with a few of his friends, surrounded Kinzie's house to protect the inmates from the tomahawks of the bloodthirsty savages. Soon a band of hostile warriors rushed by them into the house, and stood with tomahawks and scalping-knives, awaiting the signal from their chief to commence the work of death. 66 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. Black Partridge said to Mrs. Kinzie: "We are doing everything in our power to save you, but all is now lost; you and your friends, together with all the prisoners of the camp, will now be slain." At that moment a canoe was heard approaching the shore, when Black Partridge ran down to the river, trying in the darkness to make out the new comers, and at the same time shouted, "Who are you?" In the bow of the approaching canoe stood a tall, manly personage, with a rifle in his hand. He jumped ashore exclaiming, " I am Sau-ga-nash." "Then make all speed to the house; our friends are in danger, and you only can save them." It was Billy Caldwell, the half-breed Wyandot. He hurried forward, entered the house with a resolute step, deliberately removed his accouterments, placed his rifle behind the door, and saluted the Indians: " How now, my friends! a good day to you. I was told there were enemies here, but am glad to find only friends." Diverted by the coolness of his manner, they were ashamed to avow their murderous purpose, and simply asked for some cotton goods to wrap their dead, for burial. And thus, by his presence of mind, Caldwell averted the murder of the Kinzie family and the prisoners. The latter, with their wives* and children, were dispersed among the Pottawatomie tribes along the Illinois, Rock and Wabash rivers, and some to Milwaukee. The most of them were ransomed at Detroit the following spring. A part of them, however, remained in captivity another year. EXPEDITION AGAINST THE INDIANS. By the middle of August, through the disgraceful surrender of Gen. Hull, at Detroit, and the evacuation of Fort Dearborn and massacre of its garrison, the British and Indians were in possession of the whole Northwest. The savages, emboldened by their successes, penetrated deeper into the settlements, committing great depre dations. The activity and success of the enemy aroused the people to a realization of the great danger their homes and families were in. Gov. Edwards collected a force of 350 men at Camp Russell, and Capt. Russell came from Vincennes with about 50 more. Being officered and equipped, they proceeded about the middle of October on horseback, carrying with them 20 days' rations, to Peoria. Capt. Craig was sent with two boats up the Illinois, with provisions and tools to build a fort. The little army proceeded to Peoria Lake, where was located a Pottawatomie village. They arrived late HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 67 at night, within a few miles of the village, without their presence being known to the Indians. Four men were sent out that night to reconnoiter the position of the village. The four brave men who volunteered for this perilous service were Thomas Carlin (after ward Governor), and Robert, Stephen and Davis Whiteside. They proceeded to the village, and explored it and the approaches to it thoroughly, without starting an Indian or provoking the bark of a dog. The low lands between the Indian village and the troops were covered with a rank growth of tall grass, eo highland dense as to readily conceal an^ Indian on horseback, until within a few feet of him. The ground had become still more yielding by recent rains, rendering it almost impassable by mounted men. To prevent de tection, the soldiers had camped without lighting the usual camp- fires. The men lay down in their cold and cheerless camp, with many misgivings. They well remembered how the skulking sav ages fell upon Harrison's men at Tippecanoe during the night. To add to their fears, a gun in the hands of a soldier was carelessly ischarged, raising great consternation in the camp. t AN INDIAN KILLED. I Through a dense fog which prevailed the following morning, the army took up its line of march for the Indian town, Capt. Judy with his corps of spies in advance. In the tall grass they came up with an Indian and his squaw, both mounted. The Indian wanted to surrender, but Judy observed that he "did not leave home to take prisoners," and instantly 6hot one of them. With the blood streaming from his mouth and nose, and in his agony " singing the death song," the dying Indian raised his gun, shot and mortally wounded a Mr. Wright, and in a few minutes expired. Many guns were immediately discharged at the other Indian, not then known to be a squaw, all of which missed her. Badly scared, and her hus band killed by her side, the agonizing wails of the squaw were heart-rending. She was taken prisoner, and afterwards restored to her nation. TOWN BUENED. On nearing the town a general charge was made, the Indians fleeing to the interior wilderness. Some of their warriors made a stand, when a sharp engagement occurred, but the Indians were routed. In their flight they left behind all their winter's store of 68 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. provisions, which was taken, and their town burned. Some Indian children were found who had been left in Ihe hurried flight, also some disabled adults, one of whom was in a starving condition and ' with a voracious appetite partook of the bread given him. He is said to have been killed by a cowardly trooper straggling behind, after the main army had resumed its retrograde march, who wanted to be able to boast that he had killed an Indian. About the time Gov. Edwards started with his little band against the Indians, Gen. Hopkins, with 2,000 Kentucky riflemen, left Vincennes to cross the prairies of Illinois and destroy the Indian villages along the Illinois river. Edwards, with his rangers, ex pected to act in concert with Gen. Hopkins' riflemen. After marching 80 or 90 miles into the enemy's country, Gen. Hopkins' men became dissatisfied, and on Oct. 20 the entire army turned and retreated homeward before even a foe had been met. After the victory of the Illinois rangers they heard nothing of Gen. Hopkins and his 2,000 mounted Kentucky riflemen ; and apprehensive that a large force of warriors would be speedily collected, it was ¦deemed. prudent not to protract their stay, and accordingly the retrogrades march was commenced the very day of the attack. PEOEIA BUENED. The force of Capt. Craig, in charge of the provision boats, was not idle during this time. They proceeded to Peoria, where they were fired on by ten Indians during the night, who immediately fled. Capt. Craig discovered, at daylight, their tracks leading up into the French town. He inquired of the French their where abouts, who denied all knowledge of them, and said they " had heard or seen nothing; " but he took the entire number prisoners, burned and destroyed Peoria, and bore the captured inhabitants away on his boats to a point below the present city of Alton, where he landed and left them in the woods, — men, women, and children, — in the inclement month of November, without shelter, and without food other than the slender stores they had themselves gathered up before their departure. They found their way to St. Louis in an almost starving condition. The burning of Peoria and taking its inhabitants prisoners, on the mere suspicion that they sympathized with the Indians, was generally regarded as a needless, if not wanton, act of military power. PONTIAC. THE OTTAWA CHIEF. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 71 SECOND EXPEDITION AGAINST THE INDIANS. In the early part of 1813, the country was put in as good defense as the sparse population admitted. In spite of the precaution taken, numerous depredations and murders were committed by the In dians, which again aroused the whites, and another expedition was sent against the foe^ who had collected in large numbers in and around Peoria. This army was composed of about 900 men, collect ed from both Illinois and Missouri, and under command of Gen. Howard. They marched across the broad prairies of Illinois to Peoria, where there was a small stockade in charge of United States troops. Two days previously the Indians made an attack on the fort, but were repulsed. Being in the enemy's country, knowing their stealthy habits, and the troops at no time observing a high de gree of discipline, many unnecessary night alarms occurred, yet the enemy were far away. The army marched up the lake to Chili- cothe, burning on its way two deserted villages. At the present site of Peoria the troops remained in camp several weeks. While there they built a fort, which they named in honor of Gen. George PXogers Clark, who with his brave Virginians wrested Illinois from the English during the Revolutionary struggle. This fort was de stroyed by fire in 1818. It gave a name to Peoria which it wore for several years. After the building of Fort Crevecceur, in 1680, Peo ria lake was very familiar to Western travel and history; but there is no authentic account of a permanent European settlement there until 1778, when Laville de Meillet, named after its founder, was started. Owing to the quality of the water and its greater salu brity, the location was changed to the present site of Peoria, and by 1796 the old had been entirely abandoned for the new village. After its destruction in 1812 it was not settled again until 1819, and then by American pioneers, though in 1813 Fort Clark was built there. EXPEDITION UP THE MISSISSIPPI. The second campaign against the Indians at Peoria closed with out an engagement, or even a sight of the enemy, yet great was the benefit derived from it. It showed to the Indians the power and resources of his white foe. Still the calendar of the horrible deeds of butchery of the following year is long and bloody. A joint ex pedition again moved against the Indians in 1814, under Gov. 72 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. Clark of Missouri. ¦ This time they went up the Mississippi in barges, Prairie du Chien being the point of destination. There they found a small garrison of British troops, which, however, soon fled, as did the inhabitants, leaving Clark in full possession. He im mediately set to work and erected Fort Shelby. The Governor returned to St. Louis, leaving his men in peaceable possession of the place, but a large force of British and Indians came down upon them, and the entire garrison surrendered. In the mean time Gen. Howard sent 108 men to strengthen the garrison. Of this number 66 were Illinois rangers, under Capts. Rector and Riggs, who oc cupied two boats. The remainder were with Lieut. Campbell. A DESPEEATE FIGHT. At Rock Island Campbell was warned to turn back, as an attack was contemplated. The other boats passed on up the river and were some two miles ahead when Campbell's barge was struck by a strong gale which forced it against a small island near the Illinois shore. Thinking it best to lie to till the wind abated, sentinels were stationed while the men went ashore to cook breakfast. At' this time a large number of Indians on the main shore under Black Hawk commenced an attack. The savages in canoes passed rapidly to the island, and with a war-whoop rushed upon the men, who retreated and sought refuge in the barge. A battle of brisk musketry now ensued between the few regulars aboard the stranded barge and the hordes of Indians under cover of trees on the island, with severe loss to the former. Meanwhile Capt. Rector and Riggs, ahead with their barges, seeing the smoke of battle, attempted to return; but in the strong gale Riggs' boat became unmanageable and was stranded on the rapids. Rector, to avoid a similar disaster, let go his anchor. The rangers, however, opened with good aim and telling effect upon the savages. The unequal combat having raged for some time and about closing, the commander's barge, with many wounded and several dead on board, — among the former of whom, very badly, was Campbell himself, — was discovered to be on fire. Now Rector and his brave Illinois rangers, comprehending the horrid situation, performed, without delay, as cool and heroic a deed — and did it well — as ever imperiled the life of mortal man. In the howling gale, in full view of hundreds of infuriated savages, and within range of their rifles, they deliberately raised anchor, HI8T0EY OF ILLINOIS. 7"3 lightened their barge by casting overboard quantities of provisions, and guided it with the utmost labor down the swift current, to the windward of the burning barge, and under the galling fire of the enemy rescued all .the survivors, and removed the wounded and dying to their vessel. This was a deed of noble daring and as heroic as any performed during the war in the West. Rector hur ried with his over-crowded vessel to St. Louis. It was now feared that Riggs and his company were captured and sacrificed by the savages. His vessel, which was strong and well armed, was for a time surrounded by the Indians, but the whites on the inside were well sheltered. The wind becoming allayed in the evening, the boat, under cover of the night, glided safely down the river without the loss of a single man. STILL ANOTHEE EXPEDITION. Notwithstanding the disastrous termination of the two expedi tions already sent out, during the year 1814, still another was pro jected. It was under Maj. Zachary Taylor, afterward President. Rector and Whiteside, with the Illinoisan, were in command of boats. The expedition passed Rock Island unmolested, when it was learned the country was not only swarming with Indians, but that the English were there in command with a detachment of regu lars and artillery. The advanced boats in command of Rector, White side and Hempstead, turned about and began to descend the rapids, fighting with great gallantry the hordes of the enemy, who were pouring their fire into them from the shore at every step. Near the mouth of Rock river Maj. Taylor anchored his fleet out in the Mississippi. During the night the English planted a battery of six pieces down at the water's edge, to sink or disable the boats, and filled the islands with red-skins to butcher the whites, who might, unarmed, seek refuge there. But in this scheme they were frustrated. In the morning Taylor ordered all the force, except 20 boatmen on each vessel, to the upper island to dislodge the enemy. The order was executed with great gallantry, the island scoured, many of the savages killed, and the rest driven to the lower island. In the meantime the British cannon told with effect upon the fleet. The men rushed back and the boats were dropped down the stream out of range of the cannon. Capt. Rector was now ordered with his company to make a sortie on the lower island, which he did, 74 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. driving the Indians back among the willows ; but they being re-in- forced, in turn hurled Rector back upon the sand-beach. A council of officers called by Taylor had by this time decided that their force was too small to contend with the enemy, who outnumbered them three to one, and the boats were in full retreat ¦down the river. As Rector attempted to get under way his boat grounded, and the savages, with demoniac yells, surrounded it, when a most desperate hand-to-hand conflict ensued. The gallant ranger, Samuel Whiteside, observing the imminent peril of his brave Illinois comrade, went immediately to his rescue, who but for his timely aid would undoubtedly have been overpowered, with all bis force, and murdered. Thus ended the last, like the two previous expeditions up the Mississippi during the war of 1812, in defeat and disaster. The ¦enemy was in undisputed posession of all the country north of the Illinois river, and the prospects respecting those territories boded nothing but gloom. With the approach of winter, however, Indian depredations ceased to be committed, and the peace of Ghent, Dec. 24, 1814, closed the war. ILLINOIS AS A STATE. OEGANIZATION. In January of 1818 the Territorial Legislature forwarded to Nathaniel Pope, delegate in Congress from Illinois, a petition pray ing for admission into the national Union as a State. On April 18th of the same year Congress passed the enabling act, and Dec. 3, after the State government had been organized and Gov. Bond had signed the Constitution, Congress by a resolution declared Illi nois to be "one of the United States of America, and admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original States in all respects." The ordinance of 1787 declared that there should be at least three States carved out of the Northwestern Territory. 'The boundaries of the three, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, were fixed by this law. Congress reserved the power, however, of forming two other States out of the territory which lies north of an east and west line drawn through the southern boundary of Lake Michigan. It was generally conceded that this line would be the northern boundary of Illinois ; HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 75 but as this would give the State no coast on Lake Michigan ; and rob her of the port of Chicago and the northern terminus of the Illinois & Michigan canal which was then contemplated, Judge Pope had the northern boundary moved fifty miles further north. BOUNDAEY CHANGED. Not only is Illinois indebted to Nathaniel Pope for the port where now enter and depart more vessels during the year than in any other port in the world, for the northern terminus of the Illinois & Michigan canal, and for the lead mines at Galena, but the nation, the undivided Union, is largely indebted to him for its- perpetuity. It was he, — his foresight, statesmanship and energy, — that bound our confederated Union with bands of iron that can never be broken. The geographical position of Illinois, with her hundreds of miles of water-courses, is such as to make her the key to the grand arch of Northern and Southern States. Extending from the great chain of lakes on the north, with snow and ice of the arctic region, to the cotton-fields of Tennessee ; peopled, as it is, by almost all races,' classes and conditions of the human family ; guided by the various and diversified political, agricultural, religious and educational teachings common to both North and South, — Illinois can control, and has controlled, the destinies of our united and beloved republic. Pope seemingly foresaw that a struggle to dissolve the Union would be made. With a prophetic eye he looked down the stream of time for a half century and saw the great conflict between the South and North, caused by a determination to dissolve the confederation of States; and to preserve the Union, he gave to Illinois a lake coast. Gov. Ford, in his History of Illinois, written in 1847, while speaking of this change of boundary and its influence upon our nation, says: "What, then, was the duty of the national Government? Illinois was certain to be a great State, with any boundaries which that Government could give. Its great extent of territory, its unrivaled fertility of soil and capacity for sustaining a dense population, together with its commanding position, would in course of time give the new State a very controlling influence with her sister States situated upon the Western rivers, either in sustaining the federal Union as it is, or in dissolving it and establishing new gov ernments. If left entirely upon the waters of these great rivers, it 76 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. was plain that, in case of threatened disruption, the interest of the new State would be to join a Southern and Western confederacy; but if a large portion of it could be made dependent upon the com merce and navigation of the great northern lakes, connected as they are with the Eastern States, a rival interest would be created to check the wish for a Western and Southern confederacy. " It therefore became the duty of the national Government not only to make Illinois strong, but to raise an interest inclining and binding her to the Eastern and Northern portions of the Union. This could be done only through an interest in the lakes. At that time the commerce on the lakes was small, but its increase was con fidently expected, and, indeed, it has exceeded all anticipations, and is yet only in its infancy. To accomplish this object effectually, it was not only necessary to give to Illinois the port of Chicago and a route for the canal, but a considerable coast on Lake Michigan, with a country back of it sufficiently extensive to contain a popu lation capable of exerting a decided influence upon the councils of the State. " There would, therefore, be a large commerce of the north, west ern and central portion of the State afloat on the lakes, for it was then foreseen that the canal would be made; and this alone would be like turning one of the many mouths of the Mississippi into Lake Michigan at Chicago. A very large commerce of the center and south would be found both upon the lakes and rivers. Asso ciations in business, in interest, and of friendship would be formed, both with the North and the South. A State thus situated, having such a decided interest in the commerce, and in the preservation of the whole confederacy, can never consent to disunion ; for the Union cannot be dissolved without a division and disruption of the State itself. These views, urged by Judge Pope, obtained the unquali fied assent of the statesmen of 1818. " These facts and views are worthy to be recorded in history as a standing and perpetual call upon Ulinoisans of every age to remember the great trust which has been reposed in them, as the peculiar champions and guardians of the Union by the great men and patriot sages who adorned and governed this country in the earlier and better days of the Republic." During the dark and trying days of the Rebellion, well did she remember this sacred trust, to protect which two hundred thousand HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 77 of her sons went to the bloody field of battle, crowning their arms with the laurels of war, and keeping inviolate the solemn obliga tions bequeathed to them by their fathers. FIEST CONSTITUTION. In July and August of 1818 a convention was held at Kaskaskia for the purpose of drafting a constitution. This constitution was not submitted to a vote of the people for their approval or rejection, it being well known that they would approve it. It was about the first organic law of any State in the Union to abolish imprisonment for debt. The first election under the constitution was held on the third Thursday and the two succeeding days in September, 1818. Shadrach Bond was elected Governor, and Pierre Menard Lieuten ant Governor. Their term of office extended four years. At this time the State was divided into fifteen counties, the population being about 40,000. Of this number by far the larger portion were from the Southern States. The salary of the Governor was $1,000, while that of the Treasurer was $500. The Legislature re-enacted, ver^ batim, the Territorial Code, the penalties of which were unneces sarily severe. Whipping, stocks and pillory were used for minor •offenses, and for arson, rape, horse-stealing, etc., death by hanging was the penalty. These laws, however, were modified in 1821. The Legislature first convened at Kaskaskia, the ancient seat of empire for more than one hundred and fifty years, both for the French and Americans. Provisions were made, however, for the removal of the seat of government by this Legislature. A place in the wilderness on the Kaskaskia river was selected and named Vandalia. From Vandalia it was removed to Springfield in the year 1837. DEEIVATION OF THE NAME ILLINOIS. The name of this beautiful "Prairie State" is derived from Illini, an Indian word signifying superior men. It has a French termination, and is a symbol of the manner in which the two races, the French and Indians, were intermixed during the early history of the country. The appellation was no doubt well applied to the primitive inhabitants of the soil, whose prowess in savage warfare long withstood the combined attacks of the fierce Iroquois on the one side, and the no less savage and relentless Sacs and Foxes on the other. The Illinois were once a powerful confederacy, occupying the most beautiful and fertile region in the great valley of the 78 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. Mississippi, which their enemies- coveted and struggled long and hard to wrest from them. By the fortunes of war they were dimin ished in number and finally destroyed. " Starved Rock," on the Illinois river, according to tradition, commemorates their last trag edy, where, it is said, the entire tribe starved rather than surrender. The low cognomen of " Sucker," as applied to Illinoisans, is said to have had its origin at the Galena lead mines. In an early day, when these extensive mines were being worked, men would run up the Mississippi river in steamboats in the spring, work the lead mines, and in the fall return, thus establishing, as was supposed, asim- ilitude between their migratory habits and those of the fishy tribe called "Suckers." For this reason the Illinoisans have ever since been distinguished by the epithet " Suckers." Those who stayed at the mines over winter were mostly from Wisconsin, and were called " Badgers." One spring the Missourians poured into the mines in such numbers that the State was said to have taken a puke, and the offensive appellation of " Pukes " was afterward applied to all Missourians. The southern part of the State, known as " Egypt," received this appellation because, being older, better settled and cultivated, grain was had in greater abundance than in the central and northern por tion, and the immigrants of this region, after the manner of the children of Israel, went " thither to buy and to bring from thence that they might live and not die." STATE BANK. The Legislature, during the latter years of territorial existence, granted charters to several banks. The result was that paper money became very abundant, times flush, and credit unlimited; and every body invested to the utmost limit of his credit, with confident expectation of realizing a handsome advance before the expiration of his credit, from the throng of immigrants then pouring into the country. By 1819 it became apparent that a day of reckoning would approach before their dreams of fortune could be realized. Banks everywhere began to waver, paper money became depreci ated, and gold and silver driven out of the country. The Legisla ture sought to bolster up the times by incorporating the " Bank of Illinois," which, with, several branches, was created by the ses sion of 1821. This bank, being wholly supported by the credit of the State, was to issue one, two, three, five, ten and twenty-dollar HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 79 notes. It was the duty of the bank to advance, upon personal prop erty, money to the amount of $100, and a larger amount upon real estate. All taxes and public salaries could be paid in such bills; and if a creditor refused to take them, he had to wait three years longer before he could collect his debt. The people imagined that simply because the government had issued the notes, they would remain at par; and although this evidently could not be the case, they were yet so infatuated with their project as actually to request the United States government to receive them in payment for their public lands! Although there were not wanting men who, like John McLean, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, fore saw the dangers and evils likely to arise from the creation of such a bank, by far the greater part of the people were in favor of it. The new bank was therefore started. The new issue of bills by the bank of course only aggravated the evil, heretofore so grievouslv felt, of the absence of specie, so that the people were soon com pelled to cut their bills in halves and quarters, in order to make small change in trade. Finally the paper currency so rapidly depre ciated that three dollars in these bills were considered worth only one in specie, and the State not only did not increase its revenue, but lost full two-thirds of it, and expended three times the amount required to pay the expenses of the State government. Lafayette's visit. In the spring of 1825 the brave and generous LaFayette visited Illinois, accepting the earnest invitation of the General Assembly, and an affectionately written letter of Gov. Cole's, who had formed his personal acquaintance in France in 1817. The General in reply said: " It has been my eager desire, and it is now my earnest inten tion, to visit the Western States, and particularly the State of Illi nois. The feelings which your distant welcome could not fail to excite have increased that patriotic eagerness to admire on that blessed spot the happy and rapid results of republican institutions, public and domestic virtues. I shall, after the 22d of February (anniversary day), leave here for a journey to the Southern States, and from New Orleans to the Western States, so as to return to Boston on the 14th of June, when the corner-stone of the Bunker Hill monument is to be laid, — a ceremony sacred to the whole Union and in which I have been engaged to act a peculiar and honorable part." 80 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. General LaFayette and suite, attended by a large delegation of prominent citizens of Missouri, made a visit by the steamer Natch ez to the ancient town of Kaskaskia.- No military parade was attempted, but a multitude of patriotic citizens made him welcome. A reception was held, Gov. Cole delivering a glowing address of welcome. During the progress of a grand ball held that night, a very interesting interview took place between the honored General and an Indian squaw whose father had served under him in the Revolutionary war. The squaw, learning that the great white chief was to be at Kaskaskia on that night, had ridden all day, from early dawn till sometime in the night, from her distant home, to see the man whose name had been so often on her father's tongue, and with which she was so familiar. In identification of her claim to his distinguished acquaintance, she brought with her an old, worn letter which the General had written to her father, and which the Indian chief had preserved with great care, and finally bequeathed on his death-bed to his daughter as the most precious legacy he had to leave her. By 12 o'clock at night Gen. LaFayette returned to his boat and started South. The boat was chartered by the State. EAELY GOVEENOES. In the year 1822 the term of office of the first Governor, Shadrach Bond, expired. Two parties sprung up at this time, — one favorable, the other hostile, to the introduction of slavery, each proposing a candidate of its own for Governor. Both parties worked hard to secure the election of their respective candidates ; but the people at large decided, as they ever have been at heart, in favor of a free State. Edward Coles, an anti-slavery man, was elected, although a majority of the Legislature were opposed to him. The subject of principal interest during his administration was to make Illinois a slave State. The greatest effort was made in 1824, and the propo sition was defeated at the polls by a majority of 1,800. The aggre gate vote polled was 11,612, being about 6,000 larger than at the previous State election. African slaves were first introduced into Illinois in 1720 by Renault, a Frenchman. Senator Duncan, afterward Governor, presented to the Legisla ture of 1824-5 a bill for the support of schools by a public tax; and William S. Hamilton presented another bill requiring a tax to be HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 81 used for the purpose of constructing and repairing the roads, — both of which bills passed and became laws. But although these laws conferred an incalculable benefit upon the public, the very name of a tax was so odious to the people that, rather than pay a tax of the smallest possible amount, they preferred working as they formerly did, five days during the year on the roads, and would allow their children to grow up without any instruction at all. Consequently both laws were abolished in 1826. In the year 1826 the office of Governor became again vacant. Ninian Edwards, Adolphus F. Hubbard and Thomas C. Sloe were candidates. Edwards, though the successful candidate, had made himself many enemies by urging strict inquiries to be made into the corruption of the State bank, so that had it not been for his talents and noble personal appearance, he would most probably not have been elected. Hubbard was a man of but little personal merit. Of him tradition has preserved, among other curious sayings, a speech on a bill granting a bounty on wolf-scalps. This speech, delivered before the Legislature, is as follows: "Mr. Speaker, I rise before the question is put on this bill, to say a word for my constit uents. Mr. Speaker, I have never seen a wolf. I cannot say that I am very well acquainted with the nature and habits of wolves. Mr. Speaker, I have said that I had never seen a wolf; but now I remember that once on a time, as Judge Brown and I were riding across the Bonpas prairie, we looked over the prairie about three miles, and Judge Brown said, ' Hubbard, look! there goes a wolf; ' and I looked, and I looked, and I looked, and I said, : Judge, where?' and he said, 'There!' And I looked again, and this time in the edge of a hazel thicket, about three miles across the prairie, I think I saw the wolf's tail. Mr. Speaker, if I did not see a wolf that time, I think I never saw one; but I have heard much, and read more, about this animal. I have studied his natural history. "By the bye, history is divided into two parts. There is first the history of the fabulous; and secondly, of the non-fabulous, or unknown age. Mr. Speaker, from all these sources of information I learn that the wolf is a very noxious animal ; that he goes prowl ing about, seeking something to devour; that he rises up in the dead and secret hours of night, when all nature reposes in silent oblivion, and then commits the most terrible devastation upon the rising generation of hogs and sheep. 82 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. " Mr. Speaker, I have done; and I return my thanks to the house for their kind attention to my remarks." Gov. Edwards was a large and well-made man, with a noble, princely appearance. Of him Gov. Ford says : " He never con descended to the common low art of electioneering. Whenever he went out among the people he arrayed himself in the style of a gentleman of the olden time, dressed in fine broadcloth, with short breeches, long stockings, and high, fair- topped boots; was drawn in a fine carriage driven by a negro; and for success he relied upon his speeches, which were delivered in great pomp and in style of diffuse and florid eloquence. When he was inaugurated in 1826, he appeared before the General Assembly wearing a golden-laced cloak, and with great pomp pronounced his first message to the houses of the Legislature." GEAMMAE AND COOK CONTEASTED. Demagogism had an early development. One John Grammar, who was elected to the Territorial Legislature in 1816, and held the position for about twenty years, invented the policy of opposing every new thing, saying, " If it succeeds, no one will ask who voted against it: if it proves a failure, he could quote its record." When first honored with a seat in the Assembly, it is said that he lacked the apparel necessa^ for a member of the Legislature, and in order to procure them he and his sons gathered a large quantity of hazel-nuts, which were taken to the Ohio Saline and sold for cloth to make a coat and pantaloons. The cloth was the blue strouding commonly used by the Indians. The neighboring women assembled to make up the garments; the cloth was measured every way, — across, lengthwise, and from corner to corner, — and still was found to be scant. It was at last con cluded to make a very short, bob-tailed coat and a long pair of leg- gins, which being finished, Mr. Grammar started for the State capital. In sharp contrast with Grammar was the character of D. P. Cook, in honor of whom Cook county was named. Such was his transparent integrity and remarkable ability that his will was almost the law of the State. In Congress, a young man and from a poor State, he was made Chairman of the Ways and Means Com mittee. He was pre-eminent for standing by his committee, regard less of consequences. It was his integrity that elected John Quincy HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 83 Adams to the Presidency. There were four candidates in 1824, Jackson, Clay, Crawford and Adams. There being no choice by , the people, the election was thrown into the House. It was so bal anced that it turned on his vote, and that he cast for Adams, elect ing him. He then came home to face the wrath of the Jackson party in Illinois. The first mail route in the State was established in 1805. This was from Vincennes to Cahokia. In 1824 there was a direct mail route from Vandalia to Springfield. The first route from the central part of the State to Chicago was established in 1832, from Shelby- ville. The difficulties and dangers encountered by the early mail carriers, in time of Indian troubles, were very serious. The bravery and ingenious devices of Harry Milton are mentioned with special commendation. When a boy, in 1812, he conveyed the mail on a wild French pony from Shawneetown to St. Louis, over swollen streams and through the enemy's country. So infrequent and irregular were the communications by mail a great part of the time, that to-day, even the remotest part of the United States is unable to appreciate it by example. The first newspaper published in Illinois was the Illinois Herald, established at Kaskaskia by Mathew Duncan. There is some va riance as to the exact time of its establishment. Gov. Reynolds claimed it was started in 1809. Wm. H. Brown, afterwards its editor, gives the date as 1814. In 1831 the criminal code was first adapted to penitentiary pun ishment, ever since which time the old system of whipping and pillory for the punishment of criminals has been disused. There was no legal rate of interest till 1830. Previously the rate often reached as high as 150 per cent., but was usually 50 per cent. Then it was reduced to 12, then to 10, and lastly to 8 per cent. INDIAN TROUBLES. WINNEBAGO WAE. The Indians, who for some years were on peaceful terms with the whites, became troublesome in 1827. The Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes and other tribes had been at war for more than a hun dred years. In the summer of 1827 a war party of the Winnebagoes surprised a party of Chippewas and killed eight of them. Four 84 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. of the murderers were arrested and delivered to the Chippewas, by whom they were immediately shot. This was the first irritation of the Winnebagoes. Red Bird, a chief of this tribe, in order to avenge the execution of the four warriors of his own people, attacked the Chippewas, but was defeated; and being determined to satisfy his thirst for revenge by some means, surprised and killed several white men. Upon receiving intelligence of these murders, the whites who were working the lead mines in the vicinity of Galena formed a body of volunteers, and, re-inforced by a company of United States troops, marched into the country of the Winnebagoes. To save their nation from the miseries of war; Red Bird and six other men of his nation voluntarily surrendered themselves. Some of the number were executed, some of them imprisoned and destined, like Red Bird, ingloriously to pine away within the narrow confines of a jail, when formerly the vast forests had proven too limited for them. JOHN EEYNOLDS ELECTED GOVEENOE. In August, 1830, another gubernatorial election was held. The candidates were William Kinney, then Lieutenant Governor, and John Reynolds, formerly an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, both Jackson Democrats. The opposition brought forward no can didate, as they were in a helpless minority. Reynolds was the successful candidate, and under his administration was the famous BLACK HAWK WAR. In the year of 1804 a treaty was concluded between the United States and the chiefs of the Sac and Fox nations. One old chief of the Sacs, however, called Black Hawk, who had fought with great bravery in the service of Great Britain during the. war of 1812, had always taken exceptions to this treaty, pronouncing it void. In 1831 he established himself, with a chosen band of warriors, upon the dis puted territory, ordering the whites to leave the country at once. The ¦settlers complaining, Gov. Reynolds dispatched Gen. Gaines, with a company of regulars and 1,500 volunteers, to the scene of action. Taking the Indians by surprise, the troops burnt their villages and forced them to conclude a treaty, by which they ceded all lands east of the Mississippi, and agreed to remain on the western side of the river. Necessity forced the proud spirit of Black Hawk into submission, which made him more than ever determined to be BLACK HAWK, THE SAC CHIEF, HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 87 avenged upon his enemies. Having rallied around him the warlike braves of the Sac and Fox nations, he crossed the Mississippi in the spring of 1832. Upon hearing of the invasion, Gov. Reynolds hastily collected a body of 1,800 volunteers, placing them under the command of Brig-Gen. Samuel Whiteside. stillman's eun. The army marched to the Mississippi, and having reduced to ashes the Indian village known as "Prophet's Town," proceeded for several miles up the river to Dixon, to join the regular forces under Gen. Atkinson. They found at Dixon two companies of volunteers, who, sighing for glory, were dispatched to reconnoiter the enemy. They advanced under command of Maj. Stillman, to a creek afterwards called "Stillman's run;" and while encamping there saw a party of mounted Indians at the distance of a mile. Several of Stillman's party mounted their horses and charged the Indians, killing three of them; but, attacked by the main body under Black Hawk, they were routed, and by their precipitate flight spread such a panic through the camp that the whole company, ran off to Dixon as fast as their legs could carry them. On their arrival it was found that there had been eleven killed. The party came straggling into camp all night long, four or five at a time, each squad positive that all wha were left behind were massacred. It is said that a big, tail Kentuckian, with a loud voice, who was a colonel of the militia but a private with Stillman, upon .his arrival in camp gave to Gen. Whiteside and the wondering multi tude the following glowing and bombastic account of the battle: "Sirs," said he, "our detachment was encamped among some scat tering timber on the north side of Old Man's creek, with the prairie from the north gently sloping down to our encampment. It was just after twilight, in the gloaming of the evening, when we dis covered Black Hawk's array coming down upon us in solid column ; they displayed in the form of a crescent upon the brow of the prai rie, and such accuracy and precision of military movements were never witnessed by man; they were equal to the best troops of Wellington in Spain. I have said that the Indians came down in solid columns, and displayed in the form of a crescent; and what was most wonderful, there were large squares of cavalry resting upon the points of the curve, which squares were supported again by 88 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. other columns fifteen deep, extending back through the. woods and over a swamp three-quarters of a mile, which again rested on the main body of Black Hawk's army bivouacked upon the banks of. the Kishwakee. It was a terrible and a glorious sight to see the tawny warriors as they rode along our flanks attempting to outflank us, with the glittering moonbeams glistening from their polished blades and burnished spears. It was a sight well calculated to strike con sternation in -the stoutest and boldest heart; and accordingly our men soon began to break in small squads', for • tall timber. In a very little time the rout became general, the Indians were soon upon our flanks and threatened the destruction of our entire detach ment. About this time- Maj. Stillman, Col. Stephenson, Maj. Perkins, Capt. Adams, Mr. Hackelton, and myself, with some others, threw ourselves into the rear to rally the fugitives and pro tect the retreat. But in a short time all my companions fell bravely fighting hand-to-hand with f;he savage enemy, and I alone was left upon the field of battle. About this time I discovered not far to the left a corps of horsemen which seemed to be in tolerable order. I immediately deployed to the left, when, leaning down and placing my body in a recumbent posture upon the mane of my horse so as to bring the heads of the horsemen between my eye and the horizon, I discovered by the light of the moon that they were gentlemen who did not wear hats, by which token I knew they were no friends of mine. I therefore -made a retrogade movement and recovered my position, where I remained some time meditating what further I could do in the service of my country, when a ran dom ball came whistling by my ear and plainly whispered to me, ' Stranger, you have no further business here.' Upon hearing this I followed the example of my companions in arms, and broke for tall timber, and the way I ran was not a little." For a long time afterward Maj. Stillnan and his men were sub jects of ridicule and merriment, which was as undeserving as their expedition was disastrous. Stillman's defeat spread consternation throughout the State and nation. The number of Indians was greatly exaggerated, and the name of Black Hawk carried with it associations of great military talent, savage cunning and cruelty. ASSAULT ON APPLE EIVEE FOET. A regiment sent to spy out the country between Galena and Rock Island was surprised by a party of seventy Indians, and was on the HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 89 point of being thrown into disorder when Gen. Whiteside, then serving as a private, shouted out that he would shoot the first man who should turn his back to the enemy. Order being restored, the battle began. At its very outset Gen. Whiteside shot the leader of the Indians, who thereupon commenced a hasty retreat. In June, 1832, Black Hawk, with a band of 150 warriors, attack ed the Apple River Fort, near Galena, defended by 25 men. This fort, a mere palisade of logs, was erected to afford protection to the miners. For fifteen consecutive hours the garrison had to sustain the assault of the savage enemy ; but knowing very well that no quarter would be given them, they fought with such fury and des peration that the Indians, after losing many of their best warriors, were compelled to retreat. Another party of eleven Indians murdered two men near Fort Hamilton. They were afterwards overtaken by a company of twenty men and every one of them was killed. EOCK EIVEE EXPEDITION. A new regiment, under the command of Gen. Atkinson, assem bled on the banks of the Illinois in the latter part of June. Maj. Dement, with a small party, was sent out to reconnoittr the move ments of a large body of Indians, whose endeavors to surround him made it advisable for him to retire. Upon hearing of this engage ment, Gen. Atkinson sent a detachment to intercept the Indians, while he with the main body of his army, moved north to meet the Indians under Black Hawk. They moved slowly and cautiously through the country, passed through Turtle village, and marched up along Rock river. On their arrival news was brought of the discovery of the main trail of the Indians. Considerable search was made, but they were unable to discover any vestige of Indians save two who had shot two soldiers the day previous. Hearing that Black Hawk was encamped on Rock river, at the Manitou village, they resolved at once to advance upon the enemy; but in the execution of , their design they met with opposition from their officers and men. The officers of Gen. Henry handed to him a written protest; but he, a man equal to any emergency, ordered the officers to be arrested and escorted to Gen. Atkinson. Within a few minutes after the stern order was given, the officers all collected around the General's quarters, many of them with tears in their 90 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. eyes, pledging themselves that if forgiven they would return to duty and never do the like again. The General rescinded the order, and they at once resumed duty. THE BATTLE OF BAD-AXE. Gen. Henry marched on the 15th of July in pursuit of the Indians, reaching Rock river after three days' journey, where he learned Black Hawk was encamped further up the river. On July 19th the troops were ordered to commence their march. After having made fifty miles, they were overtaken by a terrible thunder storm which lasted all night. Nothing cooled, however, in their courage and zeal, they marched again fifty miles the next day, encamping near the place where the Indians had encamped the night before. Hurrying along as fast as they could, the infantry keeping up an equal pace with the mounted force, the troops on the morning of the 21st crossed the river connecting two of the four lakes, by which the Indians had been endeavoring to escape. They found, on their way, the ground strewn with kettles and articles of baggage, which the haste of their retreat had obliged the Indians to throw away. The troops, inspired with new ardor, advanced so rapidly that at noon they fell in with the rear guard of the Indians. Those who closely pursued them were saluted with a sudden fire of musketry by a body of Indians who had concealed them selves in the high grass of the prairie. A most desperate charge was made upon the Indians, who, unable to resist, retreated obliquely, in order to out-flank the volunteers on the right; but the latter charged the Indians in their ambush, and expelled them from their thickets at the point of the bayonet, and dispersed them. Night set in and the battle ended, having cost the Indians 68 of their bravest men, while the loss of the Illinoisans amounted to but one killed and 8 wounded. Soon after this battle Gens. Atkinson and Henry joined their forces and pursued the Indians. Gen. Henry struck the main trail, left his horses behind, formed an advance guard of eight men, and marched forward upon their trail. When these eight men came within sight of the river, they were suddenly fired upon and five of them killed, the remaining three maintaining their ground till Gen. Henry came up. Then the Indians, charged upon with the bayonet, fell back upon their main force. The battle now HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 91 became general; the Indians fought with desperate valor, but were furiously assailed by the volunteers with their bayonets, cutting many of the Indians to pieces and driving the rest into the river. Those who escaped from being drowned took refuge on an island. On hearing the frequent discharge of musketry, indicating a general engagement, Gen. Atkinson abandoned the pursuit of the twenty Indians under Black Hawk himself, and hurried to the scene of action, where he arrived too late to take part in the battle. He immediately forded the river with his troops, the water reaching up to their necks, and landed on the island where the Indians had secreted themselves. The soldiers rushed upon the Indians, killed several 'of them, took others prisoner, and chased the rest into the river, where they were either drowned or shot before reaching the opposite shore. Thus ended the battle, the Indians losing 300 besides 50 prisoners; the whites but 17 killed and 12 wounded. INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE. Many painful incidents occurred during this battle. A Sac woman, the sister of a warrior of some notoriety, found herself in the thickest of the fight, but at length succeeded in reaching the river, when, keeping her infant child safe in its blankets by means of her teeth, she plunged into the water, seized the tail of a horse with her hands whose rider was swimming the stream, and was drawn safely across. A young squaw during the battle was stand ing in the grass a short distance from the American line, holding her child — a little girl of four years — in her arms. In this posi tion a ball struck the right arm of the child, shattering the bone, and passed into the breast of the young mother, instantly killing her. She fell upon the child and confined it to the ground till the Indians were driven from that part of the field. Gen. Anderson, of the United States army, hearing its cries, went to the spot, took it from under the dead body and carried it to the surgeon to have its wound dressed. The arm was amputated, and during the oper ation the half-starved child did not cry, but sat quietly eating a hard piece of biscuit. It was sent to Prairie du Chien, where it entirely recovered. BLACK HAWK CAPTUEED. Black Hawk, with his twenty braves, retreated up the Wisconsin. river. The Winnebagoes, desirous of securing the friendship of 92 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. the whites, went in pursuit and captured and delivered them to Gen. Street, the United States Indian agent. Among the prisoners were the son of Black Hawk and the prophet of the tribe. These with Black Hawk were taken to Washington, D. C, and soon con signed as prisoners at Fortress Monroe. At the interview Black Hawk had with the President, he closed his speech delivered on the occasion in the following words: " We did not expect to conquer the whites. They have too many houses, too many men. I took up the hatchet, for my part, to revenge injuries which my people could no longer endure. Had I borne them longer without striking, my people would have said, 'Black Hawk is a woman ; he is too old to be a chief; he is no Sac' These reflections caused me to raise the war-whoop. I say no more. ' It is known to you. Keokuk once was here; you took him by the hand, and when he wished to return to his home, you were willing. Black Hawk expects, like Keokuk, he shall be permitted to return too." BIOGBAPHICAL SKETCH OF BLACK HAWK. Black Hawk, or Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah, was born in the prin cipal Sac village, near the junction of Rock river with the Missis sippi, in the year 1767. His father's name was Py-e-sa. Black Hawk early distinguished himself as a warrior, and at the age of fifteen was permitted to paint, and was ranked among the braves. About the year 1783 he went on an expedition against the enemies of his nation, the Osages, one of whom he killed and scalped; and for this deed of Indian bravery he was permitted to join in the scalp dance. Three or four years afterward he, at the head of two hundred braves, went on another expedition against the Osages, to avenge the murder of some women and children belonging to his Own tribe. Meeting an equal number of Osage warriors, a fierce. battle ensued in which the latter tribe lost one-half their number. The Sacs lost only about nineteen warriors. He next attacked the Cherokees for a similar cause. In a severe battle with them near the present city of St. Louis his father was slain, and Black Hawk, taking possession of the " Medicine Bag," at once announced him self chief of the Sac nation. He had now conquered, the Cherokees, and about the year 1800, at the head of five hundred Sacs and Foxes and a hundred lowas, he waged war against the Osage HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 93 nation, and subdued it. For two years he battled successfully, with other Indian tribes, all of which he conquered. The year following the treaty at St. Louis, in 1804, the United States Government erected a fort near the head of Des Moines Rapids, called Fort Edwards. This seemed to enrage Black Hawk, who at once determined to capture Fort Madison, standing on the west side of the Mississippi, above the mouth of the Des Moines. The fort was garrisoned by about fifty men. Here he was defeated. The difficulties with the British Government arose about this time, and the war of 1812 followed. That government, extending aid to the Western Indians, induced them to remain hostile to the Ameri cans. In August, 1812, Black Hawk, at the head of about five hundred braves, started to join the British forces at Detroit, passing on his way the site of Chicago, where the famous Fort Dearborn massacre had a few days before been perpetrated. Of his con nection with the British but little is known. In the early part of 1815, the Indians west of the Mississippi were notified that peace had been declared between the United States and England, and nearly all hostilities had ceased. Black Hawk did not sign any treaty, however, until May of the following year. From the time of signing this treaty, in 1816, until the breaking out of the Black Hawk war, he and his band passed their time in the common pursuits of Indian life. Ten years before the commencement of this war, the Sac and Fox Indians were urged to move to the west of the Mississippi. All were agreed, save the band known as the British Band, of which Black Hawk was leader. He strongly objected to the removal, and was induced to comply only after being threatened by the Govern ment. This action, and various others on the part of the white settlers, provoked Black Hawk and his band to attempt the capture of his native village, now occupied by the whites. The war fol lowed. He and his actions were undoubtedly misunderstood, and had his wishes been complied with at the beginning of the struggle, much bloodshed would have been prevented. BLACK HAWK SET AT LIBEETY. By order of the President, Black Hawk and his companions, who were in confinement at Fortress Monroe, were set free on the 4th day of June, 1833. Before leaving the fort Black Hawk 94 HISTOEV OF ILLINOIS. made the following farewell speech to the commander, which is not only eloquent but shows that within his chest of steel there beat a heart keenly alive to the emotions of gratitude: " Brother, I have come on my own part, and in behalf of my companions, to bid you farewell. Our great father has at length been pleased to permit us to return to our hunting grounds. We have buried the tomahawk, and the sound of the rifle hereafter will only bring death to the deer and the buffalo. Brothers, you have treated the red man very kindly. Your squaws have made them presents, and you have given them plenty to eat and drink. The memory of your friendship will remain till the Great Spirit says it is time for Black Hawk to sing his death song. Brother, your houses are as numerous as the leaves on the trees, and ycur young warriors like the sands upon the shore of the big lake that rolls before us. The red man has but few houses and few warriors, but the red man has a heart which throbs as warmly as the heart of his white brother. The Great Spirit has given us our hunting grounds, and the skin of the deer which we kill there is his favorite, for its color is white, and this is the emblem of peace. This hunting dress and these feathers of the eagle are white. Accept them, my brother. I have given one like this to the White Otter. Accept it as a memorial of Black Hawk. When he is far away this will serve to remind you of him. May the Great Spirit bless you and your children. Farewell." After their release from prison they were conducted,' in charge of Major Garland, through some of the principal cities, that they might witness the power of the United States and learn their own inability to cope with them in war. Great multitudes flocked to see them wherever they were taken, and the attention paid them rendered their progress through the country a triumphal procession, instead of the transportation of prisoners by an officer. At Rock Island the prisoners were giveti their liberty, amid great and impressive ceremony. In 1838 Black Hawk built him a dwelling near Des Moines, Iowa, and furnished it after the manner of the whites, and engaged in agricultural pursuits and hunting and fishing. Here, with his wife, to whom he was greatly attached, he passed the few remaining days of his life. To his credit, it may be said, that Black Hawk remained true to his wife, and served her HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 95 with a devotion uncommon among Indians, living with her up ward of forty years. BLACK HAWK'S DEATH AND BUEIAL. At all times when Black Hawk visited the whites he was received with marked attention. He was an honored guest at the old settlers' re- union in Lee county, Illinois, at some of their meetings and received many tokens of esteem. In September, 1838, while on his way to Rock Island to receive his annuity from the Government, he contracted a severe cold which resulted in a fatal attack of bilious fever, and terminated his life October 3. After his death, he was dressed in the uniform presented to him by the President while in Washington. He was buried in a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. The body was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting posture upon a seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side the cane given him by Henry Clay was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it. Thus, after a long, adventurous and shifting life, Black Hawk was gathered to his fathers. FROM 1834 TO 1842. INTEENAL IMPEOVEMENTS. No sooner was the Black Hawk war concluded than settlers began rapidly to pour into the northern part of Illinois, now free from Indian depredations. Chicago, from a trading post, had grown into a commercial center, and was rapidly coming into prominence. At the general election in 1834 Joseph Duncan was chosen Governor, by a handsome majority. His principal opponent was ex-Lieutenant Governor Kinney. A reckless and uncontrollable desire for internal public improvements seized the minds of the people. In his message to the Legislature, in 1835, Gov. Duncan said: "When we look abroad and see the extensive lines of inter communication penetrating almost every section of our sister States; when we see the canal boat and the locomotive bearing with seem ing triumph the rich productions of the interior to the rivers, lakes and ocean, almost annihilating time, burthen and space, what patriot bosom does not beat high with a laudable ambition to give Illinois her full share of those advantages which are adorning her 96 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. sister States, and which a magnificent Providence seems to invite by a wonderful adaptation of our whole country to such improve ments ? "STUPENDOUS SYSTEM OF IMPEOVEMENTS INAUGUEATED. The Legislature responded to the ardent words of the Goveruor, and enacted a system of internal improvements without a parallel in the grandeur of its conception. They ordered the construction of 1,300 miles of railroad, crossing the State in all directions. This was surpassed by the river and canal improvements. There were a few counties not touched by railroad, or river or canal, and they were to be comforted and compensated by the free distribution of $200,000 among them. To inflate this balloon beyond credence, it was ordered that work should commence on both ends of each of these railroads and rivers, and at each river-crossing, all at the same time. This provision, which has been called the crowning folly of the entire system, was the result of those jealous combinations ema nating from the fear that advantages might accrue to one section over another in the commencement and completion of the works. We can appreciate better, perhaps, the magnitude of this grand system by reviewing a few figures. The debt authorized for these improvements in the first instance was $10,230,000. But this, as it was soon found, was based upon estimates at least too low by half. This, as we readily see, committed the State to a liability of over $20,000,000, equivalent to $200,000,000, at the present time, with over ten times the population and more than ten times the wealth. . Such stupendous undertakings by the State naturally engendered the fever of speculation among individuals. That particular form known as the town-lot fever assumed the malignant type at first in Chicago, from whence it spead over the entire State and adjoining States. It was an epidemic. It cut up men's farms without regard to locality, and cut up the purses of the purchasers without regard to consequences. It was estimated that building lots enough were sold in Indiana alone to accommodate every citizen then in the United States. Chicago, which in 1830 was a small trading-post, had within a few years grown into a city. This was the starting point of the wonderful and marvelous career of that city. Improvements, HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 97 unsurpassed by individual efforts in the annals of the world, were then begun and have been maintained to this day. Though visited by the terrible fire fiend and the accumulations of years swept away in a night, yet she has arisen, and to-day is the best built city in the world. Reports of the rapid advance of property in Chicago spread to the East, and thousands poured into her borders, bringing money, enterprise and industry. Every ship tbat left her port carried with it maps of splendidly situated towns and additions, and every vessel that returned was laden with immigrants. It was said at the time that the staple articles of Illinois export were town plots, and that there was danger of crowding the State with towns to the exclusion of land for agriculture. ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL. The Illinois and Michigan canal again received attention. This enterprise is one of the most important in the early development of Illinois, on account of its magnitude and cost, and forming as it does the connecting link between the great chain of lakes and the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. Gov. Bond, the first Governor, recommended in his first message the building of the canal. In 1821 the Legislature appropriated $10,000 for surveying the route. This work was performed by two young men, who estimated the cost at $600,000 or $700,000. It cost, however, when completed, $8,000,000. In 1825 a law was passed to incorporate the Canal Company, but no stock was sold. In 1826, upon the solicitation of Daniel P. Cook, Congressman from this State, Congress gave 800,000 acres of land on the line of the work. In 1828 commis sioners were appointed, and work commenced with a new survey and new estimates. In 1834-5 the work was again pushed forward, and continued until 1848, when it was completed. PANIC EEPUDIATION ADVOCATED. Bonds of the State were recklessly disposed of both in the East and in Europe. Work was commenced on various lines of railroad, but none were ever completed. On the Northern Cross Railroad, from Meredosia east eight miles, the first locomotive that ever turned a wheel in the great valley of the Mississippi, was run. The date of this remarkable event was Nov. 8, 1838. Large sums of money were being \expended with no assurance of a revenue, 98 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. and consequently, in 1840, the Legislature repealed the improve ment laws passed three years previously, not, however, until the State had accumulated a debt of nearly $15,000,000. Thus fell, after a short but eventful life, by the hands of its creator, the most stupendous, extravagant and almost ruinous folly of a grand sys tem of internal improvements that any civil community, perhaps, ever engaged in. The State banks failed, specie was scarce, an enormous debt was accumulated, the interest of which could not be paid, people were disappointed in the accumulation of wealth, and real estate was worthless. All this had a tendency to create a desire to throw off the heavy burden of State debt by repudiation. This was boldly advocated by some leading men. The fair fame and name, however, of the State was not tarnished by repudiation. Men, true, honest, and able, were placed at the head of affairs; and though the hours were dark and gloomy, and the times most try ing, yet our grand old State was brought through and prospered, until to-day, after the expenditure of millions for public improve ments and for carrying on the late war, she has, at present, a debt of only about $300,000. MAETYE FOE LIBEETY. The year 1837 is memorable for the death of the first martyr for liberty, and the abolishment of American slavery, in the State. Elijah P. Lovejoy was shot by a mob in Alton, on the night of the 7th of November of that year. He was at the time editor of the Alton Observer, and advocated anti-slavery principles in its columns. For this practice three of his presses had been destroyed. On the arrival of the fourth the tragedy occurred which cost him his life. In anticipation of its arrival a series of meetings were held in which the friends of freedom and of slavery were represented. The object was to effect a compromise, but it was one in which liberty was to make concessions to oppression. In a speech made at one of these meetings, Lovejoy said: "Mr. Chairman, what have I to compromise? If freely to forgive those who have so greatly injured me; if to pray for their temporal and eternal happiness; if still to wish for the prosperity of your city and State, notwith standing the indignities I have suffered in them, — if this be the compromise intended, then do I willingly make it. I do not admit that it is the business of any body of men to say whether I shall CENTEAL HOSPITAL FOE THE INSANE, JACKSONVILLE. ILLINOIS INDUSTEIAL UNIVERSITY, CHAMPAIGN-FOUNDED BY THE STATE, ENDOWED BY CONGRESS. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 101 or shall not publish a paper in this city. That right was given to me by my Creator, and is solemnly guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States and of this State. But if by compromise is meant that I shall cease from that which duty requires of me, I cannot make it, and the reason is, that I fear God more than man. It is also a very different question, whether I shall, voluntarily or at the request of my friends, yield up my position, or whether I shall forsake it at the hands of a mob. The former I am ready at all times to do when circumstances require it, as I will never put my personal wishes or interests in competition with the cause of that Master whose minister I am. But the latter, be assured I never will do. You have, as lawyers say, made a false issue. There are no two parties between whom there can be a compromise. I plant myself down on my unquestionable rights, and the ques tion to be decided is, whether I shall be protected in those rights. You may hang me, as the mob hung the individuals at Vicksburg; you may burn me at the stake, as they did old Mcintosh at St. Louis; or, you may tar and feather me, or throw me into the Mis sissippi as you have threatened to do; but you cannot disgrace me. I, and I alone, can disgrace myself, and the deepest of all disgrace would be at a time like this to deny my Maker by forsaking his cause. He died for me, and I were most unworthy to bear his name should I refuse, if need be, to die for him.'''' Not long afterward Mr. Lovejoy was shot. His brother Owen, being pres ent on the occasion, kneeled down on the spot beside the corpse, and sent up to God, in the hearing of that very mob, one of the most eloquent prayers ever listened to by mortal ear. He was bold enough to pray to God to take signal vengeance on the infernal institution of slavery, and he then and there dedicated his life to the work of overthrowing it, and hoped to see the day when slavery existed no more in this nation. He died, March 24, 1864, nearly three months after the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln took effect. Thus he lived to see his most earnest and devout prayer answered. But few men in the nation rendered bet ter service in overthrowing the institution of slavery than Elijah P. and Owen Lovejoy. CAELIN ELECTED GOVEENOE. Thomas Carlin, Democrat, was elected. Governor in 1838, over Cyrus Edwards, Whig. In 1842 Adam W. Snyder was nominated 102 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. for Governor on the Democratic ticket, but died before election. Thomas Ford was placed in nomination, and was elected, ex-Gov ernor Duncan being his opponent. PRAIRIE PIRATES. The northern part of the State also had its mob experiences, but of an entirely different nature from the one just recounted. There has always hovered around the frontier of civilization bold, desper ate men, who prey upon the unprotected settlers rather than gain a livelihood by honest toil. Theft, robbery and murder were car ried on by regularly organized bands in Ogle, Lee, Winnebago and DeKalb counties. The leaders of these gangs of cut-throats were among the first settlers of that portion of the State, and conse quently had the choice of location. Among the most prominent of the leaders were John Driscoll, William and David, his sons ; John Brodie and three of his sons; Samuel Aikens and three of his sons; William K. Bridge and Norton B. Boyce. These were the representative characters, those who planned and controlled the movements of the combination, concealed them when danger threatened, nursed them when sick, rested them when worn by fatigue and forced marches, furnished hiding places for their stolen booty, shared in the spoils, and, under cover of darkness and intricate and devious ways of travel, known only to themselves and subordinates, transferred stolen horses from station to station; for it came to be known as a well-established fact that they had stations, and agents, and watchmen scattered throughout the coun try at convenient distances, and signals and pass-words to assist and govern them in all their nefarious transactions. Ogle county, particularly, seemed to be a favorite and chosen field for the operations of these outlaws, who could not be convicted for their crimes. By getting some of their number on the juries, by producing hosts of witnesses to sustain their defense by per jured evidence, and by changing the venue from one county to another, and by continuances from term to term, they nearly always managed to be acquitted. At last these depredations became too common for longer endurance; patience ceased to be a virtue, and determined desperation seized the minds of honest men, and they resolved that if there were no statute laws that could protect them HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 103 against the ravages of thieves, robbers and counterfeiters, they would protect themselves. It was a desperate resolve, and desper ately and bloodily executed. BURNING OF OGLE COUNTY COUET-HOUSE. At the Spring term of court, 1841, seven of the " Pirates of the Prairie," as they were called, were confined in the Ogle county jail to await trial. Preparatory to holding court, the judge and lawyers assembled at Oregon in their new court-house, which had just been completed. Near it stood the county jail in which were the prisoners. The "Pirates" assembled Sunday night and set the court-house on fire, in the hope that as the prisoners would have to be removed from the jail, they might, in the hurry and confusion of the people in attending to the fire, make their escape. The whole population were awakened that dark and stormy night, to see their new court edifice enwrapped in flames. Although the building was entirely consumed, none of the prisoners escaped. Three of them were tried, convicted and sent to the penitentiary for a year. They had, however, contrived to get one of their num ber on the jury, who would not agree to a verdict until threatened to be lynched. The others obtained a change of venue and were not convicted, and finally they all broke jail and escaped. Thus it was that the law was inadequate to the protection of the people. The best citizens held a meeting and entered into a solemn compact with each other to rid the country of the desperadoes that infested it. They were regularly organized and known as " Regu lators." They resolved to notify all suspected parties to leave the country within a given time; if they did not comply, they would be severely dealt with. Their first victim was a man named Hurl, who was suspected of having stolen his neighbor's horse. He was ordered to strip, his hands were tied, when thirty-six lashes of a raw-hide were applied to his bare back. The next was a man named Daggett, formerly a Baptist preacher. He was sentenced to receive five hundred lashes on his bare back. He was stripped, and all was ready, when his beautiful daughter rushed into the midst of the men, begging for mercy for her father. Her appeals, with Daggett's promise to leave the country immediately, secured his release. That night, new crimes having been discovered, he was taken out and whipped, after which he left the country, never again to be heard from. 104 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. The friends and comrades of the men who had been whipped were fearfully enraged, and swore eternal and bloody vengeance. Eighty of them assembled one night soon after, and laid plans to visit White Rock and murder every man, woman and child in that hamlet. They started on this bloody mission, but were prevailed upon by one of their number to disband. Their coming, however, had been anticipated, and every man and boy in the town was armed to protect himself and his family. CAMPBELL KILLED THE MUEDEEEES SHOT. John Campbell, Captain of the " Regulators," received a letter from William Driscoll, filled with most direful threats, — not only threatening Campbell's life, but the life of any one who should oppose their murderous, thieving operations. Soon after the re ceipt of this letter, two hundred of the " Regulators " marched to Driscoll's and ordered him to leave the county within twenty days, but he refused to comply with the order. One Sunday evening, just after this, Campbell was shot down in his own door-yard by David Driscoll. He fell in the arms of his wife, at which time Taylor Driscoll raised his rifle and pointed it toward her, but low ered it without firing. News of this terrible crime spread like wild-fire. The very air was filled with threats and vengeance, and nothing but the lives of the murderous gang would pay the penalty. Old John Driscoll was arrested, was told to bid his family good-bye, and then with his son went out to his death. The "Regulators," numbering 111, formed a large circle, and gave the Driscolls a fair hearing. They were found guilty, and the "Regulators" divided into two "death divisions," — one, consisting of fifty-six, with rifles dispatched the father, the other fifty -five riddled and shattered the body of the son with balls from as many guns. The measures thus inaugu rated to free the country from the dominion of outlaws was a last desperate resort, and proved effectual. MORMON WAR. In April, 1840, the " Latter-Day Saints," or Mormons, came in large numbers to Illinois and purchased a tract of land on the east side of the Mississippi river, about ten miles above Keokuk. Here they commenced building the city of Nauvoo. A more picturesque or eligible site for a city could not have been selected. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 105 The origin, rapid development and prosperity of this religious sect are the most remarkable and instructive historical events of the present century. That an obscure individual, without money, education, or respectability, should persuade hundreds of thousands of people to believe him inspired of God, and cause a book, con temptible as a literary production, to be received as a continuation of the sacred revelation, appears almost incredible; yet in less than half a century, the disciples of this obscure individual have in creased to hundreds of thousands ; have founded a State in the dis tant wilderness, and compelled the Government of the United States to practically recognize them as an independent people. THE FOUNDEE OF MOEMONISM. The founder of Mormonism was Joseph Smith, a native of Ver mont, who emigrated while quite young with his father's family to western New York. Here his youth was spent in idle, vagabond life, roaming the woods, dreaming of buried treasures, and in en deavoring to learn the art of finding them by the twisting of a forked stick in his hands, or by looking through enchanted stones. Both he and his father became famous as " water wizards," always ready to point out the spot where wells might be dug and water found. Such was the character of the young profligate when he made the acquaintance of Sidney Rigdon, a person of considerable talent and information, who had conceived the design of founding a new religion. A religious romance, written by Mr. Spaulding, a Presbyterian preacher of Ohio, then dead, suggested the idea, and finding in Smith the requisite duplicity and cunning to reduce it to practice, it was agreed that he should act as prophet; and the two devised a story that gold plates had been found buried in the earth containing a record inscribed on them in unknown characters, which, when deciphered by the power of inspiration, gave the his tory of the ten lost tribes of Israel. ATTEMPT TO AEEEST JOE SMITH. After their settlement in and about Nauvoo, in Hancock county, great depredations were committed by them on the " Gentiles." The Mormons had been received from Missouri with great kind ness by the people of this State, and every possible aid granted them. The depredations committed, however, soon made them 106 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. odious, when the question of getting rid of them was agitated. In the fall of 1841, the Governor of Missouri made a demand on Gov. Carlin for the arrest and delivery of Joe Smith as a fugitive from justice. An executive warrant issued for that purpose was placed in the hands of an agent to be executed, but was returned without being complied with. Soon afterward the Governor handed the same writ to his agent, who this time succeeded in arresting Joe Smith. He was, however, discharged by Judge Douglas, upon the grounds that the writ upon which he had been arrested had been once returned before it was executed, and was functus officio. In 1842 Gov. Carlin again issued his writ, Joe Smith was arrested again, and again escaped. Thus it will be seen it was impossible to reach and punish the leader of this people, who had been driven from Missouri because of their stealing, murdering and unjust dealing, and came to Illinois but to continue their depredations. Emboldened by success, the Mormons became more arrogant and overbearing. Many people began to believe that they were about to set up a separate government for themselves in defiance of the laws of the State. Owners of property stolen in other countieB made pursuit into Nauvoo, and were fined by the Mormon courts for daring to seek their property in the holy city. But that which made it more certain than anything else that the Mormons con templated a separate government, was that about this time they petitioned Congress to establish a territorial government for them in Nauvoo. OEIGIN OF POLYGAMY. To crown the whole folly of the Mormons, in the Spring of 1844 Joe Smith announced himself as a candidate for President of the United States, and many of his followers were confident he would be elected. He next caused himself to be anointed king and priest, and to give character to his pretensions, he declared his lineage in an unbroken line from Joseph, the son of Jacob, and that of his wife from some other important personage of the ancient Hebrews. To strengthen his political power he also instituted a body of police styled the "Danite band," who were sworn to pro tect his person and obey his orders as the commands of God. A female order previously existing in the church, called " Spiritual wives," was modified so as to suit the licentiousness of the prophet. A doctrine was revealed that it was impossible for a woman to get HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 107 to heaven except as the wife of a Mormon elder; that each elder might marry as many women as he could maintain, and that any female might be sealed to eternal life by becoming their concubine. This licentiousness, the origin of polygamy in that church, they endeavored to justify by an appeal to Abraham, Jacob and other favorites of God in former ages of the world. JOE SMITH AS A TYEANT. Smith soon began to play the tyrant over his people. Among the first acts of this sort was an attempt to take the wife of Wil liam Law, one of his most talented disciples, and make her his spiritual wife. He established, without authority, a recorder's office, and an office to issue marriage licenses. He proclaimed that none could deal in real estate or sell liquor but himself. He ordered a printing office demolished, and in many ways controlled the freedom and business of the Mormons. Not only did he stir up some of the Mormons, but by his reckless disregard for the laws of the land raised up opposition on every hand. It was believed that he instructed the Danite hand, which he had chosen as the ministers of his vengeance, that no blood, except that of the church, was to be regarded as sacred, if it contravened the accomplishment of his object. It was asserted that he inculcated the legality of perjury and other crimes, if committed to advance the cause of true believ ers; that God had given the wd rid and all it contained to his saints, and since they were kept out of their rightful inheritance by force, it was no moral offense to get possession of it by stealing. It was reported that an establishment existed in Nauvoo for the manufac ture of counterfeit money, and that a set of outlaws was maintained for the purpose of putting it in circulation. Statements were cir culated to the effect that a reward was offered for the destruction of the Warsaw Signal, an anti-Mormon paper, and that Mormons dis persed over the country threatened all persons who offered to assist the constable in the execution of the law, with the destruction of their property and the murder of their families. There were rumors also afloat that an alliance had been formed with the Western Indians, and in case of war they would be used in murdering their enemies. In short, if only one-half of these reports were true the Mormons must have been the most infamous people that ever ex isted. 108 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. MILITAEY FOECES ASSEMBLING. William Law, one of the proprietors of the printing-press destroyed by Smith, went to Carthage, the county-seat, and obtained warrants for the arrest of Smith and the members of the City Council, and others connected with the destruction of the press. Some of the parties having been arrested, but discharged by the authorities in Nauvoo, a convention of citizens assembled at Carthage and appointed a committee to wait upon the Governor for the purpose of procuring military assistance to enforce the law. The Governor visited Carthage in person. Previous to his arrival the militia had been called out and armed forces commenced assem bling in Carthage and Warsaw to enforce the service of civil process. All of them, however, signified a willingness to co-operate with the Governor in preserving order. A constable and ten men were then sent to make the arrest. In the meantime, Smith declared martial law; his followers residing in the country were summoned to his assistance; the Legion was assembled and under arms, and the entire city was one great military encampment. THE SMITHS AEEESTED. The prophet, his brother Hiram, the members of the City Coun cil and others, surrendered themselves at Carthage June 24, 1845, on the charge of riot. All entered into recognizance before a Jus tice of the Peace to appear at court, and were discharged. A new writ, however, was immediately issued and served on the two Smiths, and both were arrested and thrown into prison. The citizens had assembled from Hancock, Schuyler and McDonough counties, armed and ready to avenge the outrages that had been committed by the Mormons. Great excitement prevailed at Car thage. The force assembled at that place amounted to 1,200 men, and about 500 assembled at Warsaw. Nearly all were anxious to march into Nauvoo. This measure was supposed to be necessary to search for counterfeit money and the apparatus to make it, and also to strike a salutary terror into the Mormon people by an exhi bition of the force of the State, and thereby prevent future out rages, murders, robberies, burnings, and the like., The 27th of June was appointed for the march ; but Gov. Ford, who at the time was in Carthage, apprehended trouble if the militia should attempt to invade Nauvoo, disbanded the troops, retaining only a guard to the jail. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 109 JOE SMITH AND HI8 BEOTHEE KILLED. Gov. Ford went to Nauvoo on the 27th. The same morning about 200 men from Warsaw, many being disguised, hastened to Carthage. On learning that one of the companies left as a guard had disbanded, and the other stationed 150 yards from the jail while eight men were left to guard the prisoners, a communication was soon established between the Warsaw troops and the guard ; and it was arranged that the guard should have their guns charged with blank cartridges and fire at the assailants when they attempted to enter the jail. The conspirators came up, jumped the fence around the jail, were fired upon by the guard, which, according to arrange ment, was overpowered, and the assailants entered the prison, to the door of the room where the two prisoners were confined. An attempt was made to break open the door; but Joe Smith, being armed with a pistol, fired several times as the door was bursted open, and three of the assailants were wounded. At the same time several shots were fired into the room, by some of which John Taylor, a friend of the Smiths, received four wounds, and Hiram Smith was instantly killed. Joe Smith, severely wounded, attempt ed to escape by jumping out of a second-story window, but was so stunned by the fall that he was unable to rise. In this position he was dispatched by balls shot through, his body. Thus fell Joe Smith, the most successful impostor of modern times. Totally ignor ant of almost every fact in science, as well as in law, he made up in constructiveness and natural cunning whatever in him was want ing of instruction. CONSTEENATION AT QUINCY. Great consternation prevailed among the anti-Mormons at Carthage, after the killing of the Smiths. They expected the Mor mons would be so enraged on hearing of the death of their leaders that they would come down in a body, armed and equipped, to seek revenge upon the populace at Carthage. Messengers were dispatched to various places for help in case of an attack. The women and children were moved across the river for safety. A committee was sent to Quincy and early the following morning, at the ringing of the bells, a large concourse of people assembled to devise means of defense. At this meeting, it was reported that the Mormons attempted to rescue the Smiths; that a party of Mis sourians and others had killed them to prevent their escape; that 110 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. the Governor and his party were at Nauvoo at the time when intel ligence of the fact was brought there ; that they had been attacked by the Nauvoo Legion, and had retreated to a house where they were closely besieged; that the Governor had sent out word that he could maintain his position for two days, and would be certain to be massacred if assistance did not arrive by that time. It is unnecessary to say that this entire story was fabricated. It was put in circulation, as were many other stories, by the anti-Mormons, to influence the public mind and create a hatred for the Mormons. The effect of it, however, was that by 10 o'clock on the 28th, between two and three hundred men from Quincy, under command of Maj. Flood, went on board a steamboat for Nauvoo, to assist in raising the siege, as they honestly believed. VAEIOUS DEPEEDATIONS. J_t was thought by many, and indeed the circumstances seem to war rant the conclusion, that the assassins of Smith had arranged that the murder should occur while the Governor was in Nauvoo; that the Mormons would naturally suppose he planned it, and in the first out pouring of their indignation put him to death, as a means of retalia tion. They thought that if they could have the Governor of the State assassinated by Mormons, the public excitement would be greatly increased against that people, and would cause their extermination, or at least their expulsion from the State. That it was a brutal and premeditated murder cannot be and is not denied at this day; but the desired effect of the murder was not attained, as the Mormons did not evacuate Nauvoo for two years afterward. In the meantime, the excitement and prejudice against this people were not allowed to die out. Horse-stealing was quite common, and every case that occurred was charged to the Mormons. That they were guilty of such thefts cannot be denied, but a great deal of this work done at that time was by organized bands of thieves, who knew they could carry on their nefarious business with more safety, as long as sus picion could be placed upon the Mormons. In the summer and fall of 1845 were several occurrences of a nature to increase the irritation existing between the Mormons and their neighbors. A suit was instituted in the United States Circuit Court against one of the. apostles, to recover a note, and a marshal sent to summons HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS.. 113 the defendant, who refused to be served with the process. Indig nation meetings were held by the saints, and the marshal threat ened for attempting to serve the writ. About this time, General Denning, sheriff, was assaulted by an anti-Mormon, whom he killed. Denning was friendly to the Mormons, and a great outburst of passion was occasioned among the friends of the dead man. INCENDIAEISM. It was also discovered, in trying the rights of property at Lima, Adams county, that the Mormons had an institution" connected with their church to secure their effects from execution. Incensed at this and other actions, the anti-Mormons of Lima and Green Plains, held a meeting to devise means for the expulsion of the Mormons from that part of the country. It was arranged that a number of their own party should fire on the building in which they were assembled, in such a manner as not to injure anyone, and then report that the Mormons had commenced the work of plunder and death. This plot was duly executed, and the startling intelligence soon called together a mob, which threatened the Mor mons with fire and sword if they did not immediately leave? The Mormons refusing to depart, the mob at once executed their threats by burning 125 houses and forcing the inmates to flee for their lives. The sheriff of Hancock county, a prominent Mormon armed several hundred Mormons and scoured the country, in search of the jncendiaries, but they had fled to neighboring counties, and he was unable either to bring them to battle or make any arrests. One man, however, was killed without provocation; another attempting to escape was shot and afterwards hacked and muti lated ; and Franklin A. Worrell, who had charge of the jail when the Smiths were killed, was shot by some unknown person con cealed in a thicket. The anti-Mormons committed one murder. A party of them set fire to a pile of straw, near the barn of an old Mormon, nearly ninety years of age, and when he appeared to ex tinguish the flames, he was shot and killed. The anti-Mormons left their property exposed in their hurried retreat, after having burned the houses of the Mormons. Those who had been burned out sallied forth from Nauvoo and plundered the whole country, taking whatever they could carry or drive away. By order of the Governor, Gen. Hardin raised a force of 350 men, checked the Mormon ravages, and recalled the fugitive anti-Mormons home. 114 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. MAKING PEEPAEATION TO LEAVE. At this time a convention, consisting of delegates from eight of the adjoining counties, assembled to concert measures for the expul sion of the Mormons from the State. The Mormons seriously con templated emmigration westward, believing the times forboded evil for them. Accordingly, during the winter of 1845-'46, the most stupendous preparations were made by the Mormons for removal. All the principal dwellings, and even the temple, were converted into work-shops, and before spring, 12,000 wagons were in readiness ; and by the middle of February the leaders, with 2,000 of their followers, had crossed the Mississippi on the ice. Before the spring of 1846 the majority of the Mormons had left Nauvoo, but still a large number remained. THE BATTLE OF NAUVOO. In September a writ was issued against several prominent Mor mons, and placed in the hands of John Carlin, of Carthage, for execution. Carlin called out a posse to help make the arrest, which brought together quite a large force in the neighborhood of Nauvoo. Carlin, not being a military man, placed in command of the posse,, first, Gen. Singleton, and afterward Col. Brockman, who proceeded to invest the city, erecting breastworks, and taking other means for defensive as well as offensive operations. What was then termed a battle next took place, resulting in the death of one Mormon and the wounding of several others, and loss to the anti-Mormons of three killed and four wounded. At last, through the intervention of an anti-Mormon committee of one hundred, from Quincy, the Mormons and their allies were induced to submit to such terms as the posse chose to dictate, which were that the Mormons should immediately give up their arms to the Quincy committee, and re move from the State. The trustees of the church and five of their clerks were permitted to remain for the sale of Mormon property, and the posse were to march in unmolested, and leave a sufficient force to guarantee the performance of their stipulations'. Accord ingly, the constable's posse marched in with Brockman at their • head. It consisted of about 800 armed men and 600 or 700 unarmed, who had assembled from all the country around, through motives of curiosity, to see the once proud city of Nauvoo hum bled and delivered up to its enemies. They proceeded into the HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 117 •city slowly and carefully, examining the way for fear of the explo sion of a mine, many of which had been made by the Mormons, by burying kegs of powder in the ground, with a man stationed at a distance to pull a string communicating with the trigger of a percussion lock affixed to the keg. This kind of a contrivance was ¦called . by the Mormons " hell's half-acre." When the posse arrived in the city, the leaders of it erected themselves into a tri bunal to decide who should be forced ¦ away and who remain. Parties were dispatched to hunt for fire-arms, and for Mormons, and to bring them to judgment. When brought, they received their doom from the mouth of Brockman, who sat a grim and unawed tyrant for the time. As a general rule, the Mormons were ordered to leave within an hour or two; and by rare grace some of them were allowed until next day, and in a few cases longer time was granted. MALTREATMENT OF NEW CITIZENS. Nothing was said in the treaty in regard to the new citizens, who had with the Mormons defended the city; but the posse no sooner ' had obtained possession than they commenced expelling them. Some of them were ducked in the river, and were in one or two instances actually baptized in the name of some of the leaders of the mob; others were forcibly driven into the ferry-boats to be taken over the river before the bayonets of armed ruffians. Many of these new settlers were strangers in' the country from various parts of the United States, who were attracted there by the low price of property; and they knew but little of previous difficulties or the merits of the quarrel. They saw with their own eyes that the Mormons were industriously preparing to go away, and they knew "of their own knowledge " that any effort to expel them by force was gratuitous and unnecessary cruelty. They had been trained, by the States whence they came, to abhor mobs and to obey the law, and they volunteered their services under executive authority to defend their town and their property against mob violence, and, as they honestly believed, from destruction; but in this they were partly mistaken; for although the mob leaders in the exercise of unbridled power were guilty of many injuries to the persons of individuals, although much personal property was stolen, yet they abstained from materially injuring houses and buildings. 118 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. THE MORMONS EEACH SALT LAKE. The fugitives proceeded westward, taking the road through Mis souri, but were forcibly ejected from that State and compelled to move indirectly through Iowa. After innumerable hardships the advance guard reached the Missouri river at Council Bluffs, when a United States officer presented a requisition for 500 men to serve in the war with Mexico. Compliance with this order so di minished their number of effective men, that the expedition was again delayed and the remainder, consisting mostly of old men, women and children, hastily prepared habitations for winter. Their rudely constructed tents were hardly completed before winter set in with great severitj', the bleak prairies being incessantly swept by piercing winds. While here cholera, fever and other diseases, aggravated by the previous hardships, the want of comfortable quarters and medical treatment, hurried many of them to prema ture graves, yet, under the influence of religious fervor and fanati cism, they looked death in the face with resignation and cheerful ness, and even exhibited a gayety which manifested itself in music and dancing during the saddest hours of this sad winter. At length welcome spring made its appearance, and by April they were again organized for the journey; a pioneer party, con sisting of Brigham Young and 140 others, was sent in advance to locate a home for the colonists. On the 21 of July, 1847, a day memorable in Mormon annals, the vanguard reached the valley of the Great Salt Lake, having been directed thither, according to their accounts, by the hand of the Almighty. Here in a distant wil derness, midway between the settlements of the East and the Pacific, and at that time a thousand miles from the utmost verge of civili zation, they commenced preparations for founding a colony, which has since grownlnto a mighty empire. • MEXICAN WAR. During the month of May, 1846, the President called for four regiments of volunteers from Illinois for the Mexican war. This was no sooner known in the State than nine regiments, numbering 8,370 men, answered the call, though only four of them, amounting to 3,720 men, could be taken. These regiments, as well as their officers, were everywhere foremost in the American ranks, and dis- HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 119 languished themselves by their matchless valor in the bloodiest battles of the war. Veterans never fought more nobly and effect ively than did the volunteers from Illinois. At the bloody battle of Buena Vista they crowned their lives— many their death — with the laurels of war. Never did armies contend more bravely, determinedly and stubbornly than the American and Mexican forces at this famous battle; and as Illinois troops were ever in the van and on the blood iest portions of the field, we believe a short sketch of the part they took in the fierce contest is due them, and will be read with no lit tle interest. BATTLE OF BUENA VISTA. General Santa Anna, with his army of 20,000, poured into the valley of Aqua Nueva early on the morning of the 22d of February, hoping to surprise our army, consisting of about 5,000 men, under Gen. Taylor and which had retreated to the "Narrows." They were hotly pursued by the Mexicans who, before attacking, sent Gen. Taylor a flag of truce demanding a surrender, and assuring him that if he refused he would be cut to pieces; but the demand was promptly refused. At this the enemy opened fire, and the con flict began. In honor of the day the watchword with our soldiers was, " The memory of Washington." An irregular fire was kept up all day, and at night both armies bivouacked on the field, resting on their arms. Santa Anna that night made a spirited address to his men, and the stirring strains of his own band till late in the night were distinctly heafd by our troops; but at last silence fell over the hosts that were to contend unto death in that narrow pass on the morrow. Early on the following morning the battle was resumed, and con tinued without intermission until nightfall. The solid columns of the enemy were hurled against our forces all day long, but were met and held in check by the unerring fire of our musketry and ar tillery. A portion of Gen. Lane's division was driven back by the enemy under Gen. Lombardini, who, joined by Gen. Pacheco's divis ion, poured upon the main plateau in so formidable numbers as to appear irresistible. BEAVEEY OF THE SECOND ILLINOIS. At this time the 2d Illinois, under Col. Bissell, with a squadron of cavalry and a few pieces of artillery came handsomely into action 120 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. and gallantly received the concentrated, fire of the enemy, which they returned with deliberate aim and terrible effect; every dis charge of the artillery seemed to tear a bloody path through the heavy columns of enemy. Says a writer: "The rapid mus ketry of the gallant troops .from Illinois poured a storm of lead into their serried ranks, which literally strewed the ground with , the dead and dying." But, notwithstanding his losses, the enemy steadily advanced until our gallant regiment received fire from three sides. Still they maintained their position for a time with unflinching firmness against that immense host. At length, per ceiving the danger of being entirely surrounded, it was determined to fall back to a ravine. Col. Bissel, with the coolness of ordinary drill, ordered the signal "cease firing" to be made; he then with the same deliberation gave the command, " Face to the rear, Bat talion, about face; forward march," which was executed with the regularity of veterans to a point beyond the peril of being out flanked. Again, in obedience to command these brave men halted- faced about, and under a murderous tempest of bullets from the foe, resumed their well-directed fire. The conduct of no troops could have been more admirable ; and, too, until that day they had never been under fire, when, within less than half an hour eighty of their comrades dropped by their sides. How different from the Arkansas regiment, which were ordered to the plateau, but after delivering their first volley gave way and dispersed. SADDEST EVENT OF THE BATTLE. But now we have to relate the saddest, and, for Illinois, the most mournful, event of that battle-worn day. We take the account from Colton's History of the battle of Buena Vista. "As the enemy on our left was moving in retreat along the head of the Plateau, our artillery was advanced until within range, and opened'a heavy fire upon him, while Cols. Hardin, Bissell and McKee, with their Illinois and Kentucky troops, dashed gallantly forward in hot pur suit. A powerful reserve of the Mexican army was then just emerging from the ravine, where it had been organized, and advanced on the plateau, opposite the head of the southernmost gorge. Those who were giving way rallied quickly upon it; when the whole force, thus increased to over 12,000 men, came forward in a perfect blaze of fire. It was a single column, composed of the best soldiers of the republic, having for its advanced battalions the HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 123 veteran regiments. The Kentucky and Illinois troops were soon obliged.to give ground before it and seek the shelter of the second gorge. The enemy pressed on, arriving opposite the head of the second gorge. One-half of the column suddenly enveloped it, while the other half pressed on across the plateau, having for the moment nothing to resist them but the three guns in their front. The por tion that was immediately opposed to the Kentucky and Illinois troops, ran down along each side of the gorge, in which they had sought shelter, and also circled around its head, leaving no possible way of escape for them except by its mouth, which opened upon the road. Its sides, which were steep, — at least an angle of 45 degrees, — were covered with loose pebbles and stones, and con verged to a point at the bottom. Down there were our poor fel lows, nearly three regiments of them (1st and 2d Illinois and 2d Kentucky), with but little opportunity to load or fire a gun, being hardly able to keep their feet. Above the whole edge of the gorge, all the way around, was darkened by the 6erried masses of the enemy, and was bristling with muskets directed on the crowd beneath. It was no time to pause. Those who were not immedi ately shot down rushed on toward the road, their number growing less and less as they went, Kentuckians and Illinoisans, officers and men, all mixed up in confusion, and all pressing on over the loose pebbles and rolling stones of those shelving, precipitous banks, and having lines and lines of the enemy firing down from each side and rear as they went. Just then the enemy's cavalry, which had gone to the left of the reserve, had come over the spur that divides- the mouth of the second gorge from that of the third, and were now closing up the only door through which there was the least shadow of a chance for their lives. Many of those ahead endeavored to force their way out, but few succeeded. The lancers were fully six to one, and their long weapons were already reeking with blood. It was at this time that those who were still back in that dreadful gorge heard, above the din of the musketry and the shouts of the enemy around them, the roar of Washington's Bat tery. No music could have been more grateful to their ears. A, moment only, and the whole opening, where the lancers were busy, rang with the repeated explosions of spherical-case shot. They gave way. The gate, as it were, was clear, and out upon the road a stream of our poor fellows issued. They ran panting down 124 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. toward the battery, and directly under the fight of iron then pas sing over their heads, into the retreating cavalry. Hardin, McKee, Clay, Willis, Zabriskie, Houghton — but why go on? It would be a sad task indeed to name over all who fell during this twenty minutes' slaughter. The whole gorge, from the plateau to its mouth, was strewed with our dead. All dead! No wounded there — not a man; for the infantry had rushed down the sides and com pleted the work with the bayonet." VICTOEY FOE OUR ARMY. The artillery on the plateau stubbornly maintained its position, The remnants of the 1st and 2d Illinois regiments, after issuing from the fated gorge, were formed and again brought into action, the former, after the fall of the noble Hardin, under Lieut. Col. Weatherford, the latter under Bissell. The enemy brought forth reinforcements and a brisk artillery duel was kept up; but gradually, as the shades of night began to cover the earth, the rattle of mus ketry slackened, and when the pall of night was thrown over that bloody field it ceased altogether. Each army, after the fierce and long struggle, occupied much the same position as it did in the morning. However, early on the following morning, the glad tidings were heralded amidst our army that the enemy had retreated. thus again crowning the American banners with victory. OTHER HONORED NAMES OF THIS WAE. Other bright names from Illinois that shine as stars in this war are those of Shields, Baker, Harris and Coffee, which are indissolubly connected with the glorious capture of Vera Cruz and the not less famous storming of Cerro Gordo. In this latter action, when, after the valiant Gen. Shields had been placed hors de combat, the command of his force, consisting of three regiments, devoled upon Col. Baker. This officer, with his men, stormed with unheard-of prowess the last stronghold of the Mexicans, sweeping everything before them. Such indeed were the intrepid valor and daring courage exhibited by Illinois volunteers during the Mexican war that their deeds should live in the memory of their countrymen until those latest times when the very name of America shall have been forgotten. 125 THE WAR FOR THE UNION. On the fourth day of March, 1861, after the most exciting and momentous political campaign known in the history of this country, Abraham Lincoln — America's martyred President — was inaugu rated Chief Magistrate of the United States. This fierce contest was principally sectional, and as the announcement was flashed over the telegraph wires that the Republican Presidential candidate had been elected, it was hailed by the South as a justifiable pretext for dissolving the Union. Said Jefferson Davis in a speech at Jackson, Miss., prior to the election, "If an abolitionist be chosen Presi dent of the United States you will have presented to you the question whether you will permit the government to pass into the hands of your avowed and implacable enemies. Without pausing for an answer, I will state my own position to be that such a result would be a species of revolution by which the purpose of the Government would be destroyed, and the obser vances of its mere forms entitled to no respect. In that event, in such manner as should be most expedient, I should deem it your duty to provide for your safety outside of the Union." Said another Southern politician, when speaking on the same sub ject, " We shall fire the Southern heart, instruct the Southern mind, give courage to each, and at the proper moment, by one organized, concerted action, we can precipitate the Cotton States into a revolution." To disrupt the Union and form a government which recognized the absolute supremacy of the white population and the perpetual bondage of the black was what they deemed freedom from the galling yoke of a Republican administration. ABEAHAM LINCOLN DID NOT SEEK THE PEESIDENCY. Hon. R. W. Miles, of Knox county, sat on the floor by the side of Abraham Lincoln in the Library-room of the Capitol, in Spring field, at the secret caucus meeting, held in January, 1859, when Mr. Lincoln's name was first spoken of in caucus as candidate for President. When a gentleman, in making a short speech, said, " We are going to bring Abraham Lincoln out as a candidate for President," Mr. Lincoln at once arose to his feet, and exclaimed, "For God's sake, let me alone! I have suffered enough!" This was soon after he had been defeated in the Legislature for United States Senate by Stephen A. Douglas, and only those who are 126 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. intimate with that important and unparalleled contest can appre ciate the full force and meaning of these expressive words of the martyred President. They were spontaneous, and prove beyond a shadow of doubt that Abraham Lincoln did not seek the high posi tion of President. Nor did he use any trickery or chicanery to obtain it. But his expressed wish was not to be complied with; our beloved country needed a savior and a martyr, and Fate had decreed that he should be the victim. After Mr. Lincoln was elected President, Mr. Miles sent him an eagle's quill, with which the chief magistrate wrote his first inaugural address. The letter written by Mr. Miles to the President, and sent with the quill, which was two feet in length, is such a jewel of eloquence and prophecy that it should be given a place in history: Pbbsifek, December 21, 1860. Hon. A. Lincoln : Dear Sir : — Please accept the eagle quill I promised you, by the hand pf our Representative, A. A. Smith. The bird from whose wing the quill was taken, was shot by John F. Dillon, in Persifer township, Knox Co., Ills., in Feb., 1857 Hav ing heard that James Buchanan was furnished with an eagle quill to write his Inaugural with, and believing that in 1860, a Republican would be elected to take his place, I determined to save this quill and present it to the fortunate man, who ever he might be. Reports tell us that the bird which furnished Buchanan's quill was a captured bird, — fit emblem of the man that used it ; but the bird from which this quill was taken, yielded the quill only with his life, — fit emblem of the man who is expected to use it, for true Republicans believe that you would not think Hie worth the keeping after the surrender of principle. Great difficulties surround you ; traitors to their country have threatened your life ; and should you be called upon to surrender it at the post of duty, your memory will live for ever in the heart of every freeman ; and that is a grander monument than can be built of brick or marble. "For if hearts may not our memories keep, Oblivion haste each vestige sweep, And let our memories eud.,, Yours Truly, R. W.« Miles. STATES SECEDING. At the time of President Lincoln's accession to power, several members of the Union claimed they had withdrawn from it, and styling themselves the " Confederate States of America," organ ized a separate government. The house was indeed divided against itself, but it should not fall, nor should it long continue divided, was the hearty, determined response of every loyal heart in the nation. The accursed institution of human slavery was the primary cause for this dissolution of the American Union. Doubtless other agencies served to intensify the hostile feel ings which existed between the Northern and Southern portions HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 127 of our country, but their remote origin could be traced to this great national evil. Had Lincoln's predecessor put forth a timely, ener getic effort, he might have prevented the bloody war our nation was called to pass through. On the other hand every aid was given the rebels; every advantage and all the power of the Government was placed at their disposal, and when Illinois' honest son took the reins of the Republic he found Buchanan had been a traitor to his trust, and given over to the South all available means of war. THE FALL OF SOITEE. On the 12th day of April, 1861, the rebels, who for weeks had been erecting their batteries upon the shore, after demanding of Major Anderson a surrender, opened fire upon Fort Sumter. For thirty-four hours an incessant cannonading was continued; the fort was being seriously injured ; provisions were almost gone, and Major Anderson was compelled to haul down the stars and stripes. That dear old flag which had seldom been lowered to a foreign foe by rebel hands was now trailed in the dust. The first blow of the terrible conflict which summoned vast armies into the field, and moistened the soil of a nation in fraternal blood and tears, had been struck. The ganntlet thus thrown down by the attack on Sumter by the traitors of the South was accepted — not, however, in the spirit with which insolence meets insolence — but with a firm, determined spirit of patriotism and love of country. The duty of the President was plain under the constitution and the laws, and above and beyond all, the people from whom all political power is derived, demanded the suppression of the Rebellion, and stood ready to sustain the authority of their representative and executive officers. Promptly did the new President issue a proclamation calling for his countrymen to join with him to defend their homes and their country, and vindicate her honor. This call was made April 14, two days after Sumter was first fired upon, and was for 75,000 men. On the 15th, the same day he was notified, Gov. Yates issued his proclamation convening the Legislature. He also ordered the organization of six regiments. Troops were in abund ance, and the call was no sooner made than filled. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, the bench, the college, the school-house,— every calling offered its best men, their lives and their fortunes, in defense of the Government's honor and unity. 128 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. Bitter words spoken in moments of political heat were forgotten and forgiven, and joining hands in a common cause, they repeated the oath of America's soldier-statesman : " By the Great Eternal, the Union must and shall be preserved." The honor, the very life and glory of the nation was committed to the stern arbitrament of the sword, and soon the tramp of armed men, the clash of musketry and the heavy boom of artillery reverberated throughout the continent; rivers of blood saddened by tears of mothers, wives, sisters, daughters and sweethearts flowed from the lakes to the gulf, but a nation was saved. The sacrifice was great, but the Union was preserved. ' CALL FOE TEOOPS PEOMPTLY ANSWEEED. Simultaneously with the call for troops by the President, enlist ments commenced in this State, and within ten days 10,000 volunteers offered service, and the sum of $1,000,000 was tendered by patriotic citizens. Of the volunteers who offered their services, only six regiments could be accepted under the quota of the State. But the time soon came when there was a place and a musket for every man. The six regiments raised were designated by numbers commencing with seven, as a mark of respect for the six regiments which had served in the Mexican war. Another call was antici pated, and the Legislature authorized ten additional regiments to be organized. Over two hundred companies were immediately raised from which were selected the required' number. No sooner was this done than the President made another call for troops, six regiments were again our proportion, although by earnest solicita tion the remaining four were accepted. There were a large number of men with a patriotic desire to enter the service who were denied this privilege. Many of them wept, while others joined regiments from other States. In May, June and July seventeen regiments of infantry and five of cavalry were raised, and in the latter month, when the President issued his first call, for 500,000 volunteers, Illinois tendered thirteen regiments of infantry and three of cavalry, and so anxious were her sons to have the Rebellion crushed that the number could have been increased by thousands. At the close of 1861 Illinois had sent to the field nearly 50,000 men, and had 17,000 in camp awaiting marching orders, thus exceeding her full quota by 15,000. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 129 A VAST AEMY EAISED IN ELEVEN DAYS. In July and August of 1862 the President called for 600,000 men — our quota of which was 52,296 — and gave until August 18 as the limits in which the number might be raised by volunteering, after which a draft would be ordered. The State had already fur nished 17,000 in excess of her quota, and it was first thought this number would be deducted from the present requisition, but that could not be done. But thirteen days were granted to enlist this vast army, which had to come from the farmers and mechanics. The former were in the midst of harvest, but, inspired by love of country, over 50,000 of them left their harvests ungathered, their tools and their benches, the plows in their furrows, turning their backs on their homes, and before eleven days had expired the demands of the Government were met and both quotas filled. The war went on, and call followed call, until it began to look as if there would not be men enongh in all the Free States to crush out and subdue the monstrous war traitors had inaugurated. But to every call for either men or money there was a willing and ready response. And it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there were women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered themselves as sacrifices on their country's altar. On the 21st of December, 1864, the last call for troops was made. It was for 300,000. In consequence of an im perfect enrollment of the men subject to military duty, it became evident, ere this call was made, that Illinois was furnishing thous ands of men more than what her quota would have been, had it been correct. So glaring had this disproportion become, that under this call the quota of some districts exceeded the number of able-bodied men in them. A GENEEAL SUMMARY. Following this sketch we give a schedule of all the volunteer troops organized from this State, from the commencement to the close of the war. It is taken from the Adjutant General's report. The number of the regiment, name of original Colonel, call under which recruited, date of organization and muster into the United States' service, place of muster, and aggregate strength of each organization, from which we find that Illinois put into her one hun dred and eighty regiments 256,000 men, and into the United States 130 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. army, through other States, enough to swell the number to 290,000. This far exceeds all the soldiers of the Federal Government in all the war of the Revolution. Her total years of service were over 600,000. She enrolled men from eighteen to forty-five years of age, when^the law of Congress in 1864 — the test time — only asked for those from twenty to forty-five. Her enrollments were otherwise excessive. Her people wanted to go, and did not take the pains to correct the enrollment ; thus the basis of fixing the quota was too great, and the quota itself, at least in the trying time, was far above any other State. The demand on some counties, as Monroe, for example, took every able-bodied man in the county, and then did not have enough to fill the quota. Moreover, Illinois sent 20,844 men for one hundred days, for whom no credit was asked. She gave to the country 73,000 years of service above all calls. With one-thirteenth of the population of the loyal States, she sent regu larly one-tenth of all the soldiers, and in the perils of the closing calls, when patriots were few and weary, she sent one-eighth of all that were called for by her loved and honored son in the White House. Of, the brave boys Illinois sent to the front, there were killed in action, 5,888; died of wounds, 3,032; of disease, 19,496; in prison, 967; lost at sea, 205; aggregate, 29,588. As upon every field and upon every page of the history of this war, Illinois bore her. part of the suffering in the prison-pens of the South. More than 800 names make up the awful column of Illinois' brave sons who died in the rebel prison i of Andersonville, Ga. Who can measure or imagine the atrocities which would be laid before the world were the panorama of sufferings and terrible trials of these gallant men but half unfolded to view? But this can never be done until new words of horror are invented, and new arts dis- ^ covered by which demoniacal fiendishness can be portrayed, and the intensest anguish of the human soul in ten thousand forms be painted. No troops ever fought more heroically, stubbornly, and with bet ter effect, than did the boys from the "Prairie State." At Pea Ridge, Donelson, Pittsburg Landing, Iuka, Corinth, Stone River, Holly Springs, Jackson, Yicksburg, Chicamauga, Lookout Moun tain, Murfreesboro, Atlanta, Franklin, Nashville, Chattanooga, and on every other field where the clash of arms was heard, her sons were foremost. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 131 CAPTTJKE OF THE ST. LOUIS AESENAL. Illinois was almost destitute of firearms at the beginning of the conflict, and none could be procured in the East. The traitorous Floyd had turned over to the South 300,000 arms, leaving most arsenals in the North empty. Gov. Yates, however, received ah order on the St. Louis arsenal for 10,000 muskets, which he put in the hands of Captain Stokes, of Chicago. Several unsuccessful attempts were made by the Captain to pass through the large crowd of rebels which had gathered around the arsenal, suspecting an attempt to move the arms would be made. He at last succeeded in gaining admission to the arsenal, but was informed by the com mander that the slightest attempt to move the arms would be dis covered and bring an infuriated mob upon the garrison. This fear was well founded, for the following day Gov. Jackson ordered 2,000 armed men from Jefferson City down to capture the arsenal. Capt. Stokes telegraphed to Alton for a steamer to descend the river, and about midnight land opposite the arsenal, and proceeding to the same place with 700 men of the 7th Illinois, commenced loading the vessel. To divert atteution from his real purpose, he had 500 guns placed upon a different boat. As designed, this movement was discovered by the rabble, and the shouts and excitement upon their seizure drew most of the crowd from the arsenal. Capt. Stokes not only took all the guns his requisition called for, but emptied the arsenal. When all was ready, and the signal given to start, it was found that the immense weight had bound the bow of the boat to a rock, but after a few moments' delay the boat fell away from the shore and floated into deep water. "Which way?" said Capt. Mitchell, of the steamer. "Straight in the regular channel to Alton," replied Capt. Stokes. "What if we are attacked?" said Capt. Mitchell. " Then we will fight," was' the reply of Capt. Stokes. "What if we are overpowered?" said Mitchell. " Run the boat to the deepest part of the river and sink her," replied Stokes. "I'll do it," was the heroic answer of Mitchell, and away they went past the secession battery, past the St. Louis levee, and in the regular channel on to Alton. When they touched the landing, Capt. Stokes, fearing pursuit, ran to the market house and rang the fire bell. The citizens came flocking pell-mell to the river, and soon men, women and children were tugging away at that vessel load of arms, which they 6'oon had deposited in freight cars and off to Springfield. 132 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. j LIBEEALITY AS WELL AS PATEIOTISM. The people were liberal as well as patriotic; and while the men were busy enlisting, organizing and equipping companies, the ladies were no less active, and the noble, generous work performed by their tender, loving hands deserves mention along with the bravery, devotion and patriotism of their brothers upon the Southern fields of carnage. The continued need of money to obtain the comforts and neces saries for the sick and wounded of our army suggested to the loyal women of the North many and various devices for the raising of funds. Every city, town and village had its fair, festival, picnic, excursion, concert, which netted more or less to the cause of hospital relief, according to the population of the place and the .-amount of energy and patriotism displayed on such occasions. Especially was this characteristic of our own fair State, and scarcely & hamlet within its borders which did not send something from its istores to hospital or battlefield, and in the larger towns and cities were well-organized soldiers' aid societies, working systematically and continuously from the beginning of the war till its close. The great State Fair held in Chicago in May, 1865, netted $250,000. Homes for traveling soldiers were established all over the State, in which were furnished lodging for 600,000 men, and meals valued at $2,500,000. Food, clothing, medicine, hospital delicacies, reading matter, and thousands of other articles, were sent to the boys at the front. MESSAGES OF LOVE AND ENCOTJEAGEMENT. Letters, messages of love and encouragement, were sent by noble women from many counties of the State to encourage the ¦brave sons and brothers in the South. Below we give a copy of a printed letter sent from Knox county to the "boys in blue," as showing the feelings of the women of the North. It was headed, " Feom the Women of Knox County to Theie Beothees in the Field." It was a noble, soul -inspiring message, and kindled anew the intensest love for home, country, and a determination to crown the stars and stripes with victory : " You have gone out from our homes, but not from our hearts. Never for one moment are you forgotten. Through weary march and deadly conflict our prayers have ever followed you; your sufferings are our sufferings, your victories our great joy. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 133 " If there be one of you who knows not the dear home ties, for whom no mother prays, no sister watches, to him especially we speak. Let him feel that though he may not have one mother he has many; he is the adopted child and brother of all our hearts. Not one of you is beyond the reach of our sympathies; no picket- station so lonely that it is not enveloped in the halo of our prayers. " During all the long, dark months since our country called you from us, your courage, your patient endurance, your fidelity, have awakened our keenest interest, and we have longed to give you an expression of that interest. "By the alacrity with which you sprang to arms, by the valor with which those arms have been wielded, you have placed our State in the front ranks; you have made her worthy to be the hsme of our noble President. For thus sustaining the honor of our State, dear to us as life, we thank you. "Of your courage we need not speak. Fort Donelson, Pea Ridge, Shiloh, Stone River, Yicksburg, speak with blood- bathed lips of your heroism. The Army of the Southwest fights beneath no defeat-shadowed banner; to it, under God, the nation looks for deliverance. "But we, as women, have other cause for thanks. We will not speak of the debt we owe the defenders of our Government; that blood-sealed bond no words can cancel. But we are your debtors in a way not often recognized. You have aroused us from the' aimlessness into which too many of our lives had drifted, and have infused into those lives a noble pathos. We could not dream our time away while our brothers were dying for us. Even your suffer ings have worked together for our good, by inciting us to labor for their alleviation, thus giving us a work worthy of our womanhood. Everything that we have been permitted to do for your comfort" has filled our lives so much the fuller of all that makes life valua ble. You have thus been the means of developing in us a nobler type of womanhood than without the example of your heroism we could ever have attained. For this our whole lives, made purer and nobler by the discipline, will thank you. "This war will leave none of us as it found us. We cannot buffet the raging wave and escape all trace of the salt sea's foam. Toward better or toward worse we are hurried with fearful 134 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. haste. If we at home feel this, what must it be to you! Our hearts throb with agony when we think of you wounded, suffering, dying; but the thought of no physical pain touches us half so deeply as the thought of the temptations which surround you. We could better give you up to die on the battle-field, true to your God and to your country, than to have you return to us with blasted, blackened souls. When temptations assail fiercely, you must let the thought that your mothers are praying for strength enable you to overcome them. But fighting for a worthy cause worthily ennobles one; herein is our confidence that you will return better men than you went away. " By all that is noble in your manhood ; by all that iE true in our wpmanhood; by all that is grand in patriotism; by all that is 6acred in religion, we adjure you to be faithful to yourselves, to us, to your country, and to your God. Never were men permitted to fight in a cause more worthy of their blood. Were you fighting for mere conquest, or glory, we could not give you up; but to sus tain a principle, the greatest to which human lips have ever given utterance, even your dear lives are not too costly a sacrifice. Let that principle, the corner-stone of our independence, be crushed, and we are all slaves. Like the Suliote mothers, we might well clasp our children in our arms and leap down to death. "To the stern arbitrament of the sword is now committed the honor, the very life of this nation. You fight not for yourselves alone; the eyes of the whole world are on you; and if you fail our Nation's death-wail will echo through all coming ages, moaning a requiem over the lost hopes of oppressed humanity. But you will not fail, so sure as there is a God in Heaven. He never meant this richest argosy of the nations, freighted with the fears of all the world's tyrants, with the hopes of all its oppressed 'ones, to flounder in darkness and death. Disasters may come, as they have come, but they will only be, as they have been, ministers of good. Each one has led the nation upward to a higher plane, from whence it has seen with a clearer eye. Success could not attend us at the West so long as we scorned the help of the black hand, which alone had power to open the gate of redemption; the God of battles would not vouchsafe a victory at the East till the very foot prints of a McClellan were washed out in blood. "But now all things seem ready; we have accepted the aid of HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 135 that hand; those footsteps are obliterated. In his own good time we feel that God will give us the victory. Till that hour comes we bid you fight on. Though we have not attained that heroism, or decision, which enables ns to give you up without a struggle, which can prevent our giving tears for your blood, though many of us must own our hearts desolate till you return, still we bid you stay and fight for our country, till from this fierce baptism of blood she shall be raised complete; the dust shaken from her garments puri fied, a new Memnon singing in the great Godlight." sheeman's maech to the sea. On the 15th of November, 1864, after the destruction of Atlanta, and the railroads behind him, Sherman, with his army, began his march to the sea-coast. The almost breathless anxiety with which his progress was watched by the loyal hearts of the nation, and the trembling apprehension with which it was regarded by all who hoped for rebel success, indicated this as one of the most remark able events of the war; and so it proved. Of Sherman's army, 45 regiments of infantry, three companies of artillery, and one of cavalry were from this State. Lincoln answered all rumors of Sherman's defeat with, "It is impossible; there is a mighty sight of fight in 100,000 Western men." Illinois soldiers brought home 300 battle flags. The first United States flag that floated over Richmond was an Illinois flag. She sent messengers and nurses to every field and hospital to care for her sick and wounded sons. Illinois gave the country the great general of the war, U. S. Grant. CHAEACTEE OF ABEAHAM LINCOLN. One other name from Illinois comes up in all minds, embalmed in all hearts, that must have the supreme place in this sketch of our glory and of our nation's [honor: that name is Abraham Lincoln. The analysis of Mr. Lincoln's character is difficult on account of its symmetry. In this age we look with admiration at his uncompromising honesty; and well we may, for this saved us. Thousands throughout the length and breadth of our country, who knew him only as "Honest Old Abe," voted for him on that account; and wisely did they choose, for no other man could have carried us through the fearful night of war. When his plans were too vast for our comprehension, and his faith in the cause too sub- 136 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. lime for our participation ; when it was all night about us, and all dread before us, and all sad and desolate behind us; when not one ray shone upon our cause; when traitors were haughty and exult ant at the South, and fierce and blasphemous at the North ; when the loyal men seemed almost in the minority ; when the stoutest heart quailed, the bravest cheek paled; when generals were defeat ing each other for place, and contractoi s were leeching out the very heart's blood of the republic; when everything else had failed us, we looked at this calm, patient man standing like a rock in the storm, and said, " Mr. Lincoln is honest, and we can trust him still." Holding to this single point with the energy of faith and despair, we held together, and under God he brought us through to victory. His practical wisdom made him the wonder of all lands. With such certainty did Mr. Lincoln follow causes to their ultimate effects, that his foresight of contingencies seemed almost prophetic. He is radiant with all the great virtues, /and his memory will shed a glory upon this age that will fill the eyes of men as they look into history. Other men have excelled him in some points; but, taken at all points, he stands head and shoulders above every other man of 6,000 years. An administrator, he saved the nation in the perils of unparalleled civil war; a statesman, he justified his measures by their success; a philanthropist, he gave liberty to one race and salvation to another; a moralist, he bowed from the sum mit of human power to the foot of the cross; a mediator, he exer cised mercy under the most absolute obedience to law; a leader, he was no partisan ; a commander, he was untainted with blood ; a ruler in desperate times, he was unsullied with crime; a man, he has left no word of passion, no thought of malice, no trick of craft, no act of jealousy, no purpose of selfish ambition. Thus perfected, without a model and without a peer, he was dropped into these troubled years to adorn and embellish all that is good and all that is great in our humanity, and to present to all coming time the representative of the divine idea of free government. It is not too much to say that away down in the future, when the republic has fallen from its niche in the wall of time; when the great war itself shall have faded out in the distance like a mist on the horizon ; when the Anglo-Saxon shall be spoken only by the tongue of the stranger, then the generations looking this way shall see the great President as the supreme figure in this vortex of history. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 137 THE WAE ENDED THE UNION EESTOEED. The rebellion was ended with the surrender of Lee and his army, and Johnson and his command in April, 1865. Our armies at the time were up to their maximum strength, never so formidable, never so invincible; and, until recruiting ceased by order of Sec retary Stanton, were daily strengthening. The necessity, however, LINCOLN MONUMENT AT SPRINGFIELD. for so vast and formidable numbers ceased with the disbanding of the rebel forces, which had for more than four years disputed the supremacy of the Government over its domain. And now the joyful and welcome news was to be borne to the victorious legions that their work was ended in triumph, and they were to be per mitted "to see homes and friends once more." 138 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. Schedule — Showing statement of volunteer troops organized within the State, and sent to the field, commencing April, 1861, and ending December 31, 1S65, with number of regiment, name of original commanding officer, date of organization and muster into United States' service, place of muster, and the aggregate strength of each organization. INFANTEY. Commanding officer at organiza tion. 31 34 35 36 3738 394041424344 45 46 47484950515353 54 5556 5768 59 6061 62636465 Col. John Cook " Eichard J. Oglesby.. " Eleazer A. Paine 'S J as. D. Morgan " W. H.L.Wallace... ' ' John McArthur " John B. Wyman " John M. Palmer u Thos. J.Turner " EobertF. Smith.... " Leonard F. Boss " Michael K. Lawler. . . " John B. Turchin. . . . " Chas. C. Marsh " Ulysses S. Grant " Henry Dougherty " Jas. A. Mulligan " Frederick Hecker " Wm. N. Coler u John M. Loomis " Nap. B. Buford " A. K. Johnson " Jas. S. Eearden " Philip B. Fouke " John A. Logan " John Logan " Chas. E.Hovey " Edward N. Kirk " Gus. A. Smith 11 Nich. Grensel " Julius White " Wm. P. Carlin " Austin Li^rht " Steph. G. Hicks " Isaac C. Pagh " Wm.A.Webb u Julius Eaith " Chas. Noblesdorff .... " John E. Smith . u John A. Davis " John Bryner u Isham N. Haynie " Wm. E.Morrison.... " Moses M. Bane '¦ G. W. Camming " Isaac G. Wilson " W. H. W. Cushman.. " Thos. W. Harris " David Stuart u Eobert Kirkham " Silas D. Baldwin " Wm. F. Lynch " P. Sidney Post " Silas C. Toler " Jacob Fry " James M. True " Francis Mora Lt. Col. D. D. Williams... Col. Daniel Cameron Patrick E. Burke Eosell M. Hough Elias Stuart Jos. H. Tucker O.T.Keeves Othniel Gilbert Date of organization and muster into the United States service. July 35, 1861. May 34, 1861.. May 35, 1861. May 34, 1861., May 28, 1861.. June 13, 1861.. June 15, 1861. . June 35, 1861. . June 18, 1861. . July 8, 1861.. Oct. 31, 1861. Aug. 3, 1861 . . , July 27, 1861., Sept. 30, 1861. Sept. 8, 1861.. Dec. 31,1861. Aug. 15,1861.. Sept. 7, 1861., Sept. 23, 1861 Sept. 18,1361 Aug. 15, 1861. .. December, 1861... Aug. 10,1861 Aug, 9, 1861 Sept. 17,1861 Dec. 16,1861 Sept. 13, 1861.... Dec. 26, 1861 Dec. 38,1861 Oct. 1.1861 Nov. 18, 1861 Dec. 31, 1861 Sept. 12, 1861 Dec. '61, Feb. '62.. Nov. 19, 1861 March. 1862 Feb. 18. 1862 Oct. 31,1861 Feb. 27,1862 Dec. 26,1861 Dec. 24, 1861 August. 1861 Feb. 17, 1862 March 7,1863.... April 10,1862 Dec. 31, 1862. May 15, 1862.. April, 1863..., June 13, 1R62.. June 20, 1862. Juno 14, 1862. July 4, 1862... July 36, 1862.. Place where mustered into the United States Bervice. Cairo, Illinois. Dixon Jacksonville.Freeport Quincy Peoria Anna Joliet .... Mattoon...Belleville.Chicago... Chicago. . . Camp But er.. Camp Butler. , Camp Butler., Camp Butler.. Camp Butler., Camp Butler. . Camp Butler. Camp Butler. . Aurora Chicago Camp Butler.. Chicago Salem Decatur Chicago Camp Butler. . Chicago Galena Camp Butler. . Peoria . Camp Butler. . . . Camp Butler. . . Quincy . . . ; Camp Douglas. Geneva Ottawa Anna Camp Douglas . Shawneetown .. . Camp Douglas.. Camp Douglas . St, Louie, Mo. .. Anna i. Carrollton Anna Anna Camp Butler. . . . Camp Douglas.. St. Louis, Mo... Camp Douglas.. Camp Butler Camp Douglas.. Camp Butler Camp Douglas... S-Bt, gw 1747 1853 1265 175913841675 1112 3015 1459 1095 1817 11641982 1602 1193 1939 15471878 1973 1711 16601558 1012 159311571383180712771211 1512 1716 30152051 1874 1482 1761 1550 1519 143417201287 1180 1754 2202 1762 1647 13851730 1228 162416841694 979889 912 1006 940 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 139 Schedule— Showing statement of volunteer troops organized within the State, and sent to the field, commencing April, 1861, and ending December 31, 1865, with number of regiment, name of original commanding officer, date of organizatiou and muster into United States' service, place of muster, and the aggregate strength of each organization. INFANTEY. 99 100 101 102J2» 10,| 10BIS610:10S 109 "0 J'l"2 113114 »5»6 117118 »9120 12112212s124 125 126127128 131132 133134 135 Commanding officer at organiza tion. Col. Frederick A. Starring.. " Jas. F. Jaquess " Jason Marsh " George Eyan " Alonzo W. Mack •' David P. Grier " W. H. Bennison '¦ Lyman Guinnip , " Thos. G. Allen 41 JaB..J. Dollins " Frederick Hecker " Abner C. Harding •' Louis H. Waters " Robert S. Moore " David D. Irons " John E. Whiting " F. T. Shermau " John Christopher " Timothy O'Mera '¦ HenryM.Day " Smith D.Atkins '¦ Holden Putnam '• Wm. W.Orme ' Lawr'n S. Church " Thos. E. Champion. ... " F. S. Rutherford " J. J. Funkhousef " G. W.K.Bailey '• Fred. A. Bartleson " Chas. H. Fox " Wm. McMurtry " Amos C Babcock " Absalom B. Moore " Daniel Dustin " Robert B. Latham " Thomas Snell " JohnWarner " Alex. J. Nimmo " Thos. S. Casey " James S. Martin " T. J. Henderson '• Geo.B.Hoge ¦' James W. Judy " Jesse H. Moore " Nathan H. Tupper. " Risden M. Moore " John G.Fonda " Thos. J. Kenney " George W. McKeaig Never organized Col. John I. Rinaker James Moore Thomas J. Sloan Oscar F. Harmon Jonathan Richmond. . . . John Van Arm an Robert M.Hudley George P. Smith Nathaniel Niles George W. Neeley Thomas C. Pickett Thad. Phillips ', W. W McCheBney John S. Wolfe Date of organization and muster into the United States service. Aug. 21,1862... Sept. 4, 1862... Sept. 2. 1862.. Aug. 22, 1863. ?Sept. 3, 186-2.. Sept. 1, 1863... Aug. 28, 1863. . Aug. 25, 1862... Aug. 26, 1862.. Aug. 21, 1862... Sept. 1,1862... Aug. 27, 18B2. .« Sept 22, 1862. . Aug. 27, 1862.. *Aug 25,186!. Nov. 23, 1862.. Sept. 8, 1862.. Sept. 4,1862... Oct. 13,1862.... Aug. 30, 1862.. Sept. 4, 1862... Sept. 6, 1862.. Sept. 8, 1862.. Sept. 3, 1862 ., Aug. 26, 1862. '. Aug. 30, 1862. Sept. 2, 1862... Oct, 2, 1862. . . . Aug. 27, 1862. . Sept. 2, 186-2.. Sept. 17, 1862. . Sept. 4,1862... Aug. 28, 1862. . Sept. 11, 1861.. Sept. 18, 1862. Sept. 12, 1862. . Oct. 1,1862.... Sept. 18, 1862. . Sept. 13, 1S62.. Sept. 30, 1862.. Sept. 19,1862.. Nov 29.1862. Oct. 7, 1863... Oct. 29, 1862... Sept. 4,1862... Sept. 6 1863 .. Sept. 10 186'2. Sept. 4. 1862... Sept. 5. 1862. Dec 18, 1863.. Sept. 8, 1862.. Oct. 35. 1865.. Nov. 13.1862.. Junel, 1864... May 31,1864.., Place where mustered into the United States service. June 6, 1864. Camp Douglas Camp Butler Rockford Dixon Kankakee... Peoria.., ; Quincy Danville Centralia Anna Camp Butler Monmouth Quincy Peoria Peoria Shawneetown Camp Douglas , Camp Douglas Camp Douglas Camp Butler Rockford Princeton and Chicago. . Bloomington Rockford Rockford Camp Butler Centralia Florence, Pike Co., Joliet Jacksonville Knoxville peoria Ottawa Chicago Lincoln Camp Butler Peoria Anna Anna •" Salem Peoria Camp Douglas CampButler Camp Butler Decatur Camp Butler CampButler Quincy Camp Butler Oarlinville..,.., Mattoon Cnrnp Butler... Danville Chicago CampTDouglas . Camp Butler. . . Pontiac Camp Butler... Camp Massac . . CampFry Camp Butler. CampFry Mattoon N fnOg sS'„ U 1471 968 989987 111010511038 974 928 1187 961 1286 956959993994907 1285 958 1041 1265 1036 1091 14371206 1082 1078 936921911998917977 10011097 944 927 967 873994 10951258 995 1101 952844934 1050 1130 957 1011 932 853 851878 140 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Schedule— Showing statement of volunteer troops organized within the State, and sent to the field commencing April, 1861, and ending December 31, 1865, with number of regiment, name of original commanding ofiicer, date of organization and muster into United States' service, place of muster, and the aggregate strength of each organization. INFANTEY. Commanding ofiicer at organiza tion. 136 137 138 139 140 141142143 144 145 146147 148149160 151 152 153 154155156 Date of organization and muster into the United States service. Col. Fred. A. Johns " John Wood " J.W.Goodwin " Peter Davidson '• L.H.Whitney " Stephen Bronson " Eollin V. Ankney.. " Dudley C. Smith " Cyrus Hall " George W. Lackey. " Henry H. Dean •' Hiram F. Sickles " Horace H. Wilsie — " Wm. C. Kueffner u George W. Keener. . . " French B. Woodall . . ¦ " F. D. Stephenson " Stephen Bronson " McLean F.Wood.. . " Gustavus A. Smith. " Alfred F. Smith " J. W. Wi'son " John A. Bross Capt. John Curtis '• Simon J. Stookey... " James Steele Place where mustered into the United States service. unel, 1864... June 5. 1864... June 21, 1864. . Junel, 1864... June 18, 1864.. June 16, 1864.. June 18, 1864.. June 11, 1864.. Oct. 21,1864... June 9, 1864... Sept. 20,1864.. Feb. 18, 1865... Feb. 11, 1865.. Feb. 14, 1865.. Feb. 25, 1865.. Feb. 18, 1865.. Feb. 27, 1865.. Feb. 22, 1865. Feb. 28, 1865 . March 9, 1865. Dec. 1, 1861... June 21, 1864.. June 15, 1864.. Centralia Quincy Quincy Peoria Camp Butler. . Elgin Camp Butler.. Mattoon Alton, Ills CampButler.. Camp Butler. . Chicago Quincy Camp Butler. . . CampButler..Quincy Camp Butler. . Chicago Camp Butler. . Camp Butler. . Chicago Chicago Quincy CampButler..CampButler..Chicago Bloomington . . Camp Butler. . Camp Butler. . Ottawa CampButler..Camp Butler. . Camp Butler. . St. Charles. . . Gamp Douglas Camp Butler. . Peoria Camp Butler. Camp Douglas Peoria Camp Butler.. Camp Butler. . St. Charles.... n t»fre 878 871 842651865 1159 880 10561047 917 983 933 970 945 1076 994 929 975985903 9190 CAVALRY. Col. Thomas A. Marshall " Silas Noble " Eugene A. Carr " T.Lyle Dickey " John J. Updegraff " Thomas H. Cavanaugh " Wm. Pitt Kellogg " JohnF. Farnsworth " Albert G. Brackett " James A. Barrett " Robert G. Ingersoll " Arno Voss " JosephW.Bell " Horace Capron " Warren Stewart '* Christian Thielman " John L. Beveridge June, 1861 Aug. 24, " Sept. 21," Sept. 30, " December " Nov., '61, Jan., '6!i. August, '61 Sept. 18, '61 Oct. 26, '61 Nov. 25, 61 Dec. 20,'61 Dec, '61, Feb.. '62.. Jan. 7, '63 Organized Dec. 25, '63.. Jan. and April, '63 Jan. 28, '64 1206 1861 2183 1656 2283 2412 2619 1934 23622174 1759 1565 1473 1462 1347 FIRST REGIMENT— ILLINOIS LIGHT AETILLERY. Co A B O I) E F G H I K L M Field Capt. and Staff. C. M. Willard Ezra Taylor C. Haughtaline Edward McAllister . A. C Waterhouse.. John T. Cheney . . . Arthur O'Leary Axel Silversparr — Edward Bouton A. Franklin John Ron rke John B.Miller Recruits Oct. 31,1861. Jan. 14, '63... Dec. 19, '61. . . Feb. 35, '62.. Feb. 28, '62.. Feb. 20, '62.. Feb. 15, '62... Jan. 9, '62.... Feb. 23, '62.. Aug. 12, '63. Chicago Chicago Ottawa Ptaiufield Chicago Camp Butler. . . Cairo Chicago Chicago 8hawneetown . Chicago Chicago 204 175 141 148159 113147 169 P6 153154 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 141 Schedule— Showing statement of volunteer troops organized within the State, and sent to the field, commencing April, 1861, and ending December 31, 1865, with number of regiment, name of original commanding officer, date of organization and muster into United States service, place of muster, and the aggregate strength of each organization. LIGHT AETILLEEY. > N ootTQ S-B'-S a Commanding officer at organiza Date of organization and Place where mustered a is tion. muster into the United into the United States States service. service. u B'S- ftf SECOND REGIMENT— ILLINOIS LIGHT ARTILLERY. Capt, Peter Davidson Riley Madison Caleb Hopkins Jasper M. Dresser Adolph Schwartz John W. Powell... . Charles J. Stolbrand. Andrew Steinbeck... Charles W.Keith. .. Benjamin F. Rogers. William H.Bolton... JohnC. Phillips Field and Staff Recruits Aug. 17, 1861 . June 20, '61... Aug. 5, '61 Dec. 17, '61... Feb. 1, '62 Dec. 11, '61.... Dec. 31, '61.,.. Feb. 28, '62.. June 6, '62. . Peoria Springfield Cairo Cairo Cairo Cape Girardeau, Mo.. Camp Butler Camp Butler Camp Butler. Camp Butler Chicago Chicago 116 127 154117136190 108 115 107108 145 100 10 1171 INDEPENDENT BATTERIES. Board of Trade Springfield Mercantile .... Elgin Coggswell's. . . Henshaw's.... Bridges' Colvin's Bnsteed's Capt. James S. Stokes Thomas F. Vaughn. . . Charles G. Cooley George W. Eenwick. . William Coggswell... Ed. C Henshaw Lyman Bridges John H. Colvin July 31, 1862. Aug. 21, '62.. Aug. 29, '62.. Nov. IE, '62.. Sept. 23, '61.. Oct. 15, '62. . . Jan. 1, "62.... Oct. 10, '63... Chicago Camp Butler. . . Chicago Elgin Camp Douglas. Ottawa Chicago Chicago . . Chicago 258199 270342321 196 252 91 127 EECAPITULATION. Infantry 185,941 Cavalry 32.082 Artillery 7,277 DUELS. The code of chivalry so common among Southern gentlemen and so frequently brought into use in settling personal differences has also been called to settle the " affairs of honor " in our own State, however, but few times, and those in the earlier days. Several attempts at duels have occurred; before the disputants met in mortal combat the differences were amicably and satisfactorily settled; honor was maintained without the sacrifice of life. In 1810 a law was adopted to suppress the practice of dueling. This law held the fatal result of dueling to be murder, and, as it was intended, had the effect of making it odious and dishonorable. Prior to the constitution of 1848, parties would evade the law by 142 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. going beyond the jurisdiction of the State to engage in their con tests of honor. At that time they incorporated in the Constitution an oath of office, which was so broad as to cover the whole world. Any person who had ever fought a duel, ever sent or accepted a challenge or acted the part of second was disfranchised from holding office, even of minor importance. After this went into effect, no other duel or attempt at a duel has been engaged in within the State of Illinois, save those fought by parties living outside of the State, who came here to settle their personal differences. THE FIEST DUEL. The first duel fought within the boundaries of this great State was between two young military officers, one of the French and the other of the English army, in the year 1765. It was at the time the British troops came to take possession of Fort Chartres, and a woman was the cause of it. The affair occurred early Sunday morning, near the old fort. They fought with swords, and in the combat one sacrificed his life. BOND AND JONES. In 1809 the next duel occurred and was bloodless of itself, but out of it grew a quarrel which resulted in the assassination of one of the contestants. The principals were Shadrach Bond, the first Governor, and Rice Jones, a bright young lawyer, who became quite a politician and the leader of his party. A personal difference arose between the two, which to settle, the parties met for mortal combat on an island in the Mississippi. The weapons selected were hair- . trigger pistols. After taking their position Jones' weapon was prematurely discharged. Bond's second, Dunlap,now claimed tbat according to the code Bond had the right to the next fire. But Bond would not take so great advantage of his opponent, and said . it was an accident and would not fire. Such noble conduct touched ¦ the generous nature of Jones, and the difficulty was at once amicably settled. Dnnlap,' however, bore a deadly hatred for Jones, and one day while he was standing in the street in Kaskaskia,. conversing with a lady, he crept up behind him and shot him dead in his tracks. Dunlap successfully escaped to Texas. EECTOE AND BAETON. In 1812 the bloody code again brought two young men to the field of honor. They were Thomas Rector, a son of Capt. Stephen ILLINOIS ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN. AT LINCOLN. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 145 Rector who bore such a noble part in the war of 1812, and Joshua Barton. They had espoused the quarrel of older brothers. The affair occurred on Bloody Island, in the Mississippi, but in the limits of Illinois. This place was frequented so often by Missou rians to settle personal difficulties, that it received the name of Bloody Island. Barton fell in this conflict. STEWAET AND BENNETT. In 1819 occurred the first duel fought after the admission of the State into the Union. This took place in St. Clair county between Alphonso Stewart and William Bennett. It was intended to be a sham duel, to turn ridicule against Bennett, the challenging party- •Stewart was in the secret but Bennett was left to believe it a reality. Their guns were loaded with blank cartridges. Bennett, suspecting a frick, put a ball into his gun without the knowledge of his seconds. The word "fire" was given, and Stewart fell mortally wounded. Bennett made his escape but was subsequently captured, convicted of murder and suffered the penalty of the law by hanging. PEAESON AND BAKEE. In 1840 a personal difference arose between two State Senators, Judge Pearson and E. D. Baker. The latter, smarting under the epithet of "falsehood," threatened to chastise Pearson in the public streets, by a " fist fight. " Pearson declined making a "blackguard'' of himself but intimated a readiness to fight as gentlemen, accord ing to the code of honor. The affair, however, was carried no further. HAEDIN AND DODGE. The exciting debates in the Legislature in 1840-'41 were often bitter in personal "slings," and threats of combats were not infrequent. During these debates, in one of the speeches by the Hon. J. J. Hardin, Hon. A. R. Dodge thought he discovered a personal insult, took exceptions, and an " affair " seemed imminent. The controversy was referred to friends, however, and amicably settled. m'cleenand and smith. Hon. John A. McClernand, a member of the House, in a speech delivered during the same session made charges against the Whig Judges of the Supreme Court. This brought a note from Judge 146 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. T. W. Smith, by the 'hands of his " friend " Dr. Merriman, to McClernand. This was construed as a challenge, and promptly accepted, naming the place of meeting to be Missouri; time, early; the weapons, rifles; and distance, 40 paces. At this critical junc ture, the Attorney General had a warrant issued against the Judge, whereupon he was arrested and placed under bonds to keep the peace. Thus ended this attempt to vindicate injured honor. LINCOLN AND SHIELDS. During the hard times subsequent to the failure of the State and other banks, in 1842, specie became scarce while State money was plentiful, but worthless. The State officers thereupon demanded specie payment for taxes. This was bitterly opposed, and so fiercely contested that the collection of taxes was suspended. During the period of the greatest indignation toward the State officials, under the nom de plume of " Rebecca," Abraham Lincoln had an article published in the Sangamo Journal, entitled " Lost Township." In this article, written in the form of a dialogue, the officers of the State were roughly handled, and especially Auditor Shields. The name of the author was demaded from the editor by Mr. Shields, who was very indignant over the manner in which he was treated. The name of Abraham Lincoln was given as the author. It is claimed by some of his biographers, however, that the article was prepared by a lady, and that when the name of the author was demanded, in a spirit of gallantry, Mr. Lincoln gave his name. In company with Gen. Whiteside, Gen. Shields pur sued Lincoln to Tremont, Tazewell county, where he was in attend ance upon the court, and immediately sent him a note "requiring a full, positive and absolute retraction of all offensive allusions " made to him in relation to his "private character and standing as a man, or an apology for the insult conveyed." Lincoln had been forewarned, however, for William Butler and Dr. Merriman, of Springfield, had become acquainted with Shields' intentions and by riding all night arrived at Tremont ahead of Shields and informed Lincoln what he might expect. Lincoln answered Shields' note, refusing to offer any explanation, on the grounds that Shields' note assumed the fact of his (Lincoln's) authorship of the article, and not pointing out what the offensive part was, and accompanying the same with threats as to consequences. Mr. Shields answered this, disavowing all intention to menace; inquired if he was the author, HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 147 asked a retraction of that portion relating to his private character. Mr. Lincoln, still technical, returned this note with the verbal statement " that there could be no further negotiations until the first note was withdrawn." At this Shields named Gen. White side as his " friend," when Lincoln reported Dr. Merriman as his "friend." These gentlemen secretly pledged themselves to agree upon some amicable terms, and compel their principals to accept them. The four went to Springfield, when Lincoln left for Jack sonville, leaving the following instructions to guide his friend, Dr. Merriman : " In case Whiteside shall signify a wish to adjust this affair with out further difficulty, let him know that if the present papers be withdrawn and a note from Mr. Shields, asking to know if I am the author of the articles of which he complains, and asking that I shall make him gentlemanly satisfaction, if I am the author, and this without menace or dictation as to what that satisfaction shall be, a pledge is made that the following answer shall be given: I did write the "Lost Township " letter which appeared in the Journal of the 2d inst., hut had no participation, in any form, in any other article alluding to you. I wrote that wholly for political effect. I had no intention of injuring your personal or private character or standing, as a man or gentleman ; and I did not then think, and do not now think, that that article could produce or has pro duced that effect against you ; and, had I anticipated such an effect, would have foreborne to write it. And I will add that your conduct toward me, so far as I know, had always been gentlemanly, and that I had no personal pique against you, and no cause for any. " If this should be done, I leave it to you to manage what shall and what shall not be published. If nothing like this is done, the preliminaries of the fight are to be: " 1st. Weapons. — Cavalry broad swords of the largest size, pre cisely equal in all respects, and such as are now used by the cavalry company at Jacksonville. "2d. Position. — A plank ten feet long and from nine to twelve inches broad, to be firmly fixed on edge, on the ground, as a line between us which neither is to pass his foot over on forfeit of his life. Next a line drawn on the ground on either side of said plank, and parallel with it, each at the distance of the whole length of the sword, and three feet additional from the plank; and the passing of his own such line by either party during the fight, shall be deemed a surrender of the contest. 148 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. "3d. Time. — On Thursday evening at 5 o'clock, if you can get it so ; but in no case to be at a greater distance of time than Friday evening at 5 o'clock. "4th. Place. — -Within three miles of Alton, on the opposite side of the river, the particular spot to be agreed on by you. " Any preliminary details coming within the above rules, you are at liberty to make at your discretion, but yon are in no case to swerve from these rules, or pass beyond their limits." The position of the contestants, as prescribed by Lincoln, seems to have been such as both would have been free from coming in contact with the sword of the other, and the first impression is that < it is nothing more than one of Lincoln's jokes. He possessed very long arms, however, and could reach his adversary at the stipulated distance. Not being amicably arranged, all parties repaired to the field of combat in Missouri. Gen. Hardin and Dr. English, as mutual friends of both Lincoln and Shields, arrived in the meantime, and after much correspondence at their earnest solicitation the affair was satisfactorily arranged, Lincoln making a statement similar to the one above referred to. SHIELDS AND BUTLEE. William Butler, one of Lincoln's seconds, was dissatisfied with the bloodless termination of the Lincoln-Shields affair, and wrote an account of it for the Sangamo Journal. This article reflected dis creditably upon both the principals engaged in that controversy. Shields replied by the hands of his friend Gen. Whiteside, in a curt, menacing note, which was promptly accepted as a challenge by Butler, and the inevitable Dr. Merriman named as his friend, who submitted the following as preliminaries of the fight: Time. — Sunrise on the following morning. , Place. — Col. Allen's farm (about one mile north of State House.) Weapons. — Rifles. Distance. — One hundred yards. The parties to stand with their right sides toward each other — the rifles to be held in both hands horizontally and cocked, arms extended downwards. Neither party to move his person or his rifle after being placed, before the word fire. The signal to be: "Are you ready? Fire! one — two — three!" about a second of HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 149 time intervening between each word. Neither party to fire before the word " fire," nor after the word " three." Gen. Whiteside, in language curt and abrupt, addressed a note to Dr. Merriman declining to accept the terms. Gen. Shields, how ever, addressed another note to Butler, explaining the feelings of his second, and offering to go out to a lonely place on the prairie to fight, where there would be no danger of being interrupted; or, if that did not suit, he would meet him on his own conditions, when and where he pleased. Butler claimed the affair was closed and declined the proposition. WHITESIDE AND MEEEIMAN. Now Gen. Whiteside and Dr. Merriman, who several times had acted in the capacity of friends or seconds, w'ere to handle the deadly weapons as principals. While second in the Shields-Butler fiasco, Whiteside declined the terms proposed by Butler, in curt and abrupt language, stating that the place of combat could not be dictated to him, for it was as much his right as Merriman's, who, if he was a gentleman, would recognize and concede it. To this Merriman replied by the hands of Capt. Lincoln. It will be remembered that Merriman had acted in the same capacity for Lin coln. Whiteside then wrote to Merriman, asking to meet him at St. Louis, when he would hear from him further. To this Merri man replied, denying his right to name place, but offered to meet in Louisiana, Mo. This Whiteside would not agree to, but later signified his desire to meet him there, but the affair being closed, the doctor declined to re-open it. PEATT AND CAMPBELL. These two gentlemen were members of the Constitutional Con vention of 1847, and both from Jo Davies county. A dispute arose which ended in a challenge to meet on the field of honor. They both repaired to St. Louis, but the authorities gaining knowledge of their bloody intentions, had both parties arrested, which ended this " affair." DRESS AND MANNERS. The dress, habits, etc., of a people throw so much light upon their conditions and limitations that in order better to show the circum stances surrounding the people of the State, we will give a short 150 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. exposition of the manner of life of our Illinois people at different epochs. The Indians themselves are credited by Charlevoix with being "very laborious," — raising poultry, spinning the wool of the buffalo and manufacturing garments therefrom. These must have been, however, more than usually favorable representatives of their race. " The working and voyaging dress of the French masses," says Reynolds, " was simple and primitive. The French were like the lilies of the valley (the Old Ranger was not always exact in his quotations), — they neither spun nor wove any of their clothing, but purchased it from the merchants. The white blanket coat, known as the capot, was the universal and eternal coat for the winter with the masses. A cape was made of it that could be raised over the "head in cold weather. " In the house, and in good weather, it hung behind, a cape to the blanket coat. The reason that I know these coats so well is, that I have worn many in my youth, and a working man never wore a better garment. Dressed deer-skins and blue cloth were worn commonly in the winter for pantaloons. The blue handkerchief and the deer-skin moccasins covered the head and feet generally of the French Creoles. In 1800, scarcely a man thoiigTit himself clothed unless he had a belt tied around his blanket coat, and on one side was hung the dressed skin of a pole-cat, filled with tobacco, pipe, flint and steel. On the other side was fastened, under the belt, the the butcher-knife. A Creole in this dress felt like Tarn O'Shanter filled with usquebaugh; he could face the devil. Checked calico shirts were then common, but in winter flannel was frequently worn. In the summer the laboring men and the voyagers often took their shirts off in hard work and hot weather, and turned out the naked back to the air and sun." " Among the Americans," he adds, " home-made wool hats were the common wear. Fur hats were not common, and scarcely a boot was seen. The covering of the feet in winter was chiefly moccasin,s made of deer-skins, and shoe packs of tanned leather. Some wore shoes, but not common in very early times. In the summer the greater portion of the young people, male and female, and many of the old, went barefoot. The substantial and universal outside wear was the blue linsey hunting-shirt. This is an excellent garment, and I have never felt so happy and healthy since I laid it off. It is SCENE ON FOX EIVEE. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 153 made of wide sleeves, open before, with ample size so as to envelop the body almost twice around. Sometimes it had a large cape, which answers well to save the shoulders from the rain. A belt is mostly used to keep the garment close around the person, and, nevertheless, there is nothing tight about it to hamper the body. It is often fringed, and at times the fringe is composed of red, and other gay colors. The belt, frequently, is sewed to the hunting-shirt. The vest was mostly made of striped linsey. The colors were made often with alum, copperas and madder, boiled with the bark of trees, in such a manner and proportions as the old ladies prescribed. The pantaloons of the masses were generally made of deer-skin and linsey. Course blue cloth was sometimes made into pantaloons. " Linsey, neat and fine, manufactured at home, composed generally the outside garments of the females as well as the males. The ladies had linsey colored and woven to suit their fancy. A bonnet, composed of calico, or some gay goods, was worn on the head when they were in the open air. Jewelry on the pioneer ladies was uncommon; a gold ring was an ornament not often seen." In 1820 a change of dress began to take place, and before 1830, according to Ford, most of the pioneer costume had disappeared. "The blue linsey hunting-shirt, with red or white fringe, had given place to the cloth coat. [Jeans would be more like the fact.] The raccoon cap, with the tail of the animal dangling down behind, had been thrown aside for hats of wool or fur. Boots and shoes had supplied the deer-skin moccasins ; and the leather breeches, strapped tight around the ankle, had disappeared before unmentionables of a more modern material. The female sex had made still greater pro. gress in dress. The old sort of cotton or woolen frocks, spun, woven and made with their own fair hands, and striped and cross-barred with blue dye and turkey red, had given place to gowns of silk and calico. The feet, before in a state of nudity, now charmed in shoes of calf-skin or slippers of kid; and the head, formerly unbonneted, but covered with a cotton handkerchief, now displayed the charms of the female face under many forms of bonnets of straw, silk and leghorn. The young ladies, instead of walking a mile or two to church on Sunday, carrying their shoes andvstockings in their hands until within a hundred yards of the place of worship, as formerly, now came forth arrayed complete in all the pride of dress, mounted on fine horses and attended by their male admirers." 154 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. The last half century has doubtless witnessed changes quite as great as those set forth by our Illinois historian. The chronicler of to-day, looking back to the golden days of 1830 to 1840, and comparing them with the present, must be struck with the tendency of an almost monotonous uniformity in dress and manners that comes from the easy inter communication afforded by steamer, rail way, telegraph and newspaper. Home manufacturers have been driven from the household by the lower-priced fabrics of distant mills. The Kentucky jeans, and the copperas-colored clothing of home manufacture, so familiar a few years ago, have given place to the cassimeres and cloths of noted factories. The ready-made- clothing stores, like a touch of nature, made the whole world kin- and may drape the charcoal man in a dress-coat and a stove-pipe hat. The prints and silks of England and France give a variety of choice, and an assortment of colors and shades such as the pioneer women could hardly have dreamed of. Godey, and Demorest, and Harper's Bazar are found in our modern farm-houses, and the latest fashions of Paris are not uncommon. PHYSICAL FEATURES OF ILLINOIS. In area the State has 55,410 square miles of territory. It is about 150 miles wide and 400 miles long, stretching in latitude from Maine to North Carolina. The climate varies from Portland to Richmond. It favors every product of the continent, including the tropics, with less than half a dozen exceptions. It produces every great food of the world except bananas and rice. It is hardly too much to say that it is the most productive spot known to civil ization. With the soil full of bread and the earth full of minerals; with an upper surface of food and an under layer of fuel; with per fect natural drainage, and abundant springs, and streams, and navi gable rivers; half way between the forests of the North and the fruits of the South; within a day's ride of the great deposits of iron, coal, copper, lead and zinc; and containing and controlling the great grain, cattle, pork and lumber markets of the world, it is not strange that Illinois has the advantage of position. There are no mountains in Illinois; in the southern as well as in the northern part of the State there are a few hills ; near the banks of the Illinois, Mississippi, and several other rivers, the ground is HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 155 elevated, forming the so-called bluffs, on which at the present day may be found, uneffaced by the hand of Time, the marks and traces left by the water which was formerly much higher; whence it may be safe to conclude that, where now the fertile prairies of Illinois extend, and the rich soil of the country yields its golden harvests, must have been a vast sheet of water, the mud deposited by which formed the soil, thus accounting for the present great fertility of the country. Illinois is a garden 400 miles long and 150 miles wide. Its soil is chiefly a black, sandy loam, from 6 inches to 60 feet thick. About the old French towns it has yielded corn for a century and a half without rest or help. She leads all other States in the number of acres actually under plow. Her mineral wealth is scarcely second to her agricultural power. She has coal, iron, lead, zinc, copper, many varieties of building stone, marble, fire clay, cuma clay, common brick clay, sand of all kinds, gravel, mineral paint, — in fact, everything needed for a high civilization. AGRICULTURE. If any State of the Union is adapted for agriculture, and the other branches of rural economy relating thereto, such as the raising of cattle and the culture of fruit trees, it is pre-eminently Illinois. Her extremely fertile prairies recompense the farmer at less trouble and expense than he would be obliged to incur elsewhere, in order to obtain the same results. Her rich soil, adapted by nature for immediate culture, only awaits the plow and the seed in order to mature, within a few months, a most bountiful harvest. A review of statistics will be quite interesting to the reader, as well as valuable, as showing the enormous quantities of the various cereals produced in our prairie State : In 1876 there was raised in the State 130,000,000 of bushels of corn, — twice as much as any other State, and one-sixth of all the corn raised in the United States. It would take 375,000 cars to transport this vast amount of corn 1 o market, which would make 15,000 trains of 25 cars each. She harvested 2,747,000 tons of hay, nearly one- tenth of all the hay in the Republic. It is not generally appreciated, but it is true, that the hay crop of the country is worth more than the cotton crop. The hay of Illinois equals the cotton of Louisiana- 156 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. Go to Charleston, S. C, and see them peddling handfuls of hay or grass, almost as a curiosity, as we regard Chinese gods or the cryo lite of Greenland; drink your coffee and condensed milk; and walk back from the coast for many a league through the sand and burs till you get up into the better atmosphere of the mountains, with out seeing a waving meadow or a grazing herd; then you will begin to appreciate the meadows of the Prairie State. The value of her farm' implements was, in 1876, $211,000,000, and the value of live stock was only second to New York. The same year she had 25,000,000 hogs, and packed 2,113,845, about one-half of all that were packed in the United States. She marketed $57,000,000 worth of slaughtered animals, — more than any other State, and a seventh of all the States. Illinois excels all other States in miles of railroads and in miles of postal service, and in money orders sold per annum, and in the amount of lumber sold. Illinois was only second in many important matters, taking the reports of 1876. This sample list comprises a few of the more important: Permanent school fund; total income for educational purposes; number of publishers of books, maps, papers, etc.; value of farm products and implements, and of live stock; in tons of coal mined. The shipping of Illinois was only second to New York. Out of one port during the business hours of the season of navigation she Bent forth a vessel every nine minutes. This did not include canal- boats, which went one every five minutes. No wonder she was only second in number of bankers or in phy sicians and surgeons. She was third in colleges, teachers and schools ; also in cattle, lead, hay, flax, sorghum and beeswax. She was fourth in population, in children enrolled in public schools, in law schools, in butter, potatoes and carriages. She was fifth in value of real and personal property, in theologi cal seminaries, and colleges exclusively for women, in milk sold, and in boots and shoes manufactured, and in book-binding. She was only seventh in the production of wood, while she was the twelfth in area. Surely that was well done for the Prairie State. She then had, in 1876, much more wood and growing timber than she had thirty years before. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 15f A few leading industries will justify emphasis. She manufactured $205,000,000 worth of goods, which placed her well up toward New York and Pennsylvania. The number of her manufacturing establishments increased from 1860 to 1870, 300 per cent. ; capital employed increased 350 per cent.; and the amount of product in creased 400 per cent. She issued 5,500,000 copies of commercial and financial newspapers, being only second to New York. She had 6,759 miles of railroad, then leading all other States, worth $636,- 458,000, using 3,245 engines, and 67,712 cars, making a train long enough to cover one-tenth of the entire roads of the State. Her stations were only five miles apart. She carried, in 1876, 15,795,- 000 passengers an average of 36£ miles, or equal to taking her entire population twice across the State. More than two-thirds of her land was within five miles of a railroad, and less than two per cent, was more than fifteen miles away. The State has a large financial interest in the Illinois Central railroad. The road was incorporated in 1850, and the State gave each alternate section for six miles on each side, and doubled the price of the remaining land, so keeping herself good. The road' received 2,595,000 acres of land, and paid to the State one-seventh of the gross receipts. The State received in 1877, $350,000, and had received up to that year in all about $7,000,000. It was prac tically the people's road, and it had a most able and gentlemanly management. Add to the above amount the annual receipts from the canal, $111,000, and a large per cent, of the State tax was pro vided for. GOYERNORSOF ILLINOIS. ShadracK Bond — Was the first Governor of Illinois. He was a native of Maryland and born in 1773; was raised on a farm; re ceived a common English education, and came to Illinois in 1794 He served as a delegate in Congress from 1811 to 1815, where he procured the right of pre-emption of public land. He was elected Governor in 1818; was beaten for Congress in 1824 by Daniel P. Cook. He died at Kaskaskia, April 11, 1830. Edward Coles— Was born Dec. 15, 1786, in Virginia. His father was a slave-holder; gave his son a collegiate education, and left to him a large number of slaves. These he liberated, giving each head of a family 160 acres of land and a considerable sum of money. 158 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. He was President Madison's private secretary. He came to Illinois in 1819, was elected Governor in 1822, on the anti-slavery ticket; moved to Philadelphia in 1833, and died in 1868. Ninian Edwards. — In 1809, on the formation of the Territory of Illinois, Mr. Edwards was appointed Governor, which position he retained until the organization of the State, when he was sent to the United States Senate. He was elected Governor in 1826. He was a native of Maryland and born in 1775 ; received a collegiate education; was Chief Justice of Kentucky, and a Republican in politics. John Reynolds — Was born in Pennsylvania in 1788, and came with his parents to Illinois in 1800, and in 1830 was elected Gov ernor on the Democratic ticket, and afterwards served three terms in Congress. He received a classical education, yet was not polished. He was an ultra Democrat; attended the Charleston Convention in 1860, and urged the seizure of United States arsenals by the South. He died in 1865 at Belleville, childless. Joseph Duncan. — In 1834 Joseph Duncan was elected Governor by the Whigs, although formerly a Democrat. He had previously served four terms in Congress. He was born in Kentucky in 1794; had but a limited education; served with distinction in the war of 1812; conducted the campaign of 1832 against Black Hawk. He came to. Illinois when quite young. Thomas Carlin — Was elected as a Democrat in 1838. He had but a meager education ; held many minor offices, and was active both in the war of 1812 and the Black Hawk war. He was born in Kentucky in 1789; came to Illinois in 1812, and died at Carrollton, Feb. 14, 1852. Tlwmas Ford — Was born in Pennsylvania in the year 1800; was brought by his widowed mother to Missouri in 1804, and shortly afterwards to Illinois. He received a good education, studied law; was elected four times Judge, twice as Circuit Judge, Judge of Chicago and Judge of Supreme Court. He was elected Governor by the Democratic party in 1842; wrote his history of Illinois in 1847 and died in 1850. Augustus C. French — Was born in New Hampshire in 1808; was admitted to the bar in 1831, and shortly afterwards moved to Illinois when in 1846 he was elected Governor. On the adoption of the Constitution of 1848 he was again chosen, serving until 1853. He was a Democrat in politics. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 159 I • Joel A. Matteson — Was born in Jefferson county, N. Y., in 1808. His father was a farmer, and gave his son only a common school education. He first entered upon active life as a small tradesman, but subsequently became a large contractor and manufacturer. He was a heavy contractor in building the Canal. He was elected Gov ernor in 1852 upon the Democratic ticket. William H. Bissell — Was elected by the Republican party in 1856. He had previously served two terms in Congress; was colonel in the Mexican war and has held minor official positions. He was born in New York State in 1811; received a common educa tion; came to Illinois early in life and engaged in the medical pro fession. This he changed for the law and became a noted orator, and the standard bearer of the Republican party in Illinois. He died in 1860 while Governor. Richard Yates — "The war Governor of. Illinois," was born in Warsaw, Ky., in 1818 ; came to Illinois in 1831 : served two terms in Congress; in 1860 was elected Governor, and in 1865 United States Senator. He was a college graduate, and read law under J. J. Hardin. He rapidly rose in his chosen profession and charmed the people with oratory. He filled the gubernatorial chair during the trying days of the Rebellion, and by his energy and devotion won the title of " War Governor." He became addicted to strong drink, and died a drunkard. Richard J Oglesby — Was born in 1824, in Kentucky; an orphan at the age of eight, came to Illinois when only 12 years old. He was apprenticed to learn the carpenter's trade; worked some at farming and read law occasionally. He enlisted in the Mexican War and was chosen First Lieutenant. After his return he again took up the law, but during the gold fever of 1849 went to Califor nia; soon returned, and, in 1852, entered upon his illustrious political career. He raised the second regiment in the State, to suppress the Rebellion, and for gallantry was promoted to Major General. In 1864 he was elected Governor, and re-elected in 1872, and resigned for a seat in the United States Senate. He is a staunch Republican and resides at Decatur. Shelby M. Cullom — Was born in Kentucky in 1828; studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of his profession in 1848; was elected to the State Legislature in 1856, and again in 1860. Served on the war commission at Cairo, 1862, 160 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. and was a member of the 39th, 40th and 41st Congress, in all of which he served with credit to his State. He was again elected to the State Legislature in 1872, aHd re-elected in 1874, and was elected Governor of Illinois in 1876, which office he still holds, and has administered with marked ability. LIEUTENANT GOVEENOES. Pierre Menard — Was the first Lieut. Gov. of Illinois. He was born in Quebec, Canada, in 1767. He came to Illinois in 1790 where he engaged in the Indian trade and became wealthy. He died in 1844. Menard county was named in his honor. Adolphus F. Hubbard — Was elected Lieut. Gov. in 1822. Four years later he ran for Governor against Edwards, but was beaten. William Kinney — Was elected in 1826. He was a Baptist clergyman; was born in Kentucky in 1781 and came to Illinois in 1793. Zadock Casey — Although on the opposition ticket to Governor Reynolds, the successful Gubernatorial candidate, yet Casey was elected Lieut. Gov. in 1830. He subsequently served several terms in Congress. Alexander M. Jenkins — Was elected on ticket with Gov. Duncan in 1834 by a handsome majority. S. H. Anderson — Lieut. Gov. under Gov. Carlin, was chosen in 1838. He was a native of Tennessee. John Moore — Was born in England in 1793; came to Illinois in 1830; was elected Lieut. Gov. in 1842. He won the name of " Honest John Moore." Joseph B. Wells — Was chosen with Gov. French at his first election in 1846. , William McMurtry. — In 1848 when Gov. French was again chosen Governor, William McMurtry of Knox county, was elected Lieut. Governor. Gustavus P. Koerner — Was elected in 1852. He was born in Germany in 1809. At the age of 22 came to Illinois. In 1872 he was a candidate for Governor on Liberal ticket, but was defeated. John Wood — Was elected in 1856, and on the death of Gov. Bissell became Governor. Francis A. Hoffman — Was chosen with Gov. Yates in 1860. He was born in Prussia in 1822, and came to Illinois in 1840. *>. tf. SECTT OF THE STATE OFILUNOIS UNDER GOV. A.C.FRENCH HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 161 William Bross — Was born in New Jersey, came to Illinois in 1848, was elected to office in 1864. John Dougherty — Was elected in 1868. John L. Beveredge — Was chosen Lieut. Gov. in 1872. In 1873 Oglesby was elected to the U. S. Senate when Beveridge became Governor. Andrew Shuman — Was elected Nov. 7, 1876, and is the present incumbent. SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Ninian W. Edwards 1854-56 W.H. Powell 1857-58 Newton Bateman 1859-75 Samuel M. Etter 1876 ATTORNEY GENERALS. Daniel P. Cook 1819 William Mears 1820 Samuel D. Lockwood 1821-22 James Turney 1823-28 George Forquer 1829-32 James Seraple 1833-34 Ninian E. Edwards 1834-85 Jesse B. Thomas, Jr 1885 Walter B. Scates 1886 Asher F. Linder 1837 Geo. W. Olney 1888 Wickliffe Kitchell 1839 Josiah Lamborn 1841-42 James A. McDougall 1843-46 David, B. Campbell 1846 [Office abolished and re-created in 1867] Robert G. Ingersoll 1867-68 Washington Bushnell 1869-72 James K. Edsall 1873-79 TREASURERS. John Thomas 1818-19 R. K. McLaughlin 1819-22 Ebner Field 1823-26 James Hall 1827-80 John Dement 1831-86 Charles Gregory 1836 John D. Whiteside 1837-40 M. Carpenter 1841-48 John Moore 1848-56 James Miller 1857-60 William Butler -. . 1861-62 Alexander Starne 1863-64 James II. Beveridge 1865-66 George W. Smith 1867-68 Erastus N. Bates 1869-72 Edward Rutz 1873-75 Thomas S. Ridgeway 1876-77 Edward Rutz 1878-79 SECRETARIES OF STATE. Elias K. Kane 1818-22 Samuel D. Lockwood 1822-23 David Blackwell 1823-24 Morris Birkbeck 1824 George Forquer 1825-28 Alexander P. Field 1829-40 Stephen A. Douglas 1840 Lyman Trumbull. Thompson Campbell 1843-46 Horace S. Cooley 1846-49 David L. Gregg 1850-52 Alexander Starne 1853-56 Ozias M. Hatch 1857-60 Sharon Tyndale 1865-68 Edward Rummel 1869-72 1841-42 George H. Harlow 1873-79 162 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. AUDITORS. Elijah C. Berry 1818-31 Thompson Campbell 1846 I. T. B. Stapp 1831-35 Jesse K. Dubois 1857-64 Levi Davis 1835-40 Orlin H. Miner 1865-68 James Shields 1841-42 Charles E. Lippencott 1869-76 W. L. D. Ewing 1843-45 Thompson B. Needles 1877-79 / UNITED STATES SENATOES. Ninian Edwards. — On the organization of the State in 1818, Edwards, the popular Territorial Governor, was chosen Senator for the short term, and in 1819 re-elected for full term. Jesse B. Thomas — One of the federal judges during the entire Territorial existence was chosen Senator on organization of the State, and re-elected in 1823, and served till 1829. John McLean — In 1824 Edwards resigned, and McLean was elected to fill his unexpired term. He was born in North Carolina in 1791, and came to Illinois in 1815; served one term in Congress, and in 1829 was elected to the U S. Senate, but the following year died. He is said to have been the most gifted man of his period in Illinois. Elias Kent Kane — Was elected Nov. 30, 1824, for the term be ginning March 4, 1825. In 1830 he was re-elected, but died before the expiration of his term. He was a native of New York, and in 1814 came to Illinois. He was first Secretary of State, and after wards State Senator. David Jewett Baker — Was appointed to fill the unexpired term of John McLean, in 1830, Nov. 12, but the Legislature refused to endorse the choice. Baker was a native of Connecticut, born in 1792, and died in Alton in 1869. John M. Robinson. — Instead of Baker, the Governor's appointee, the Legislature chose Robinson, and in 1834 he was re-elected. In 1843 was elected Supreme Judge of the State, but within two months died. He was a native of Kentucky, and came to Illinois while quite young. William L. D. Ewing — Was elected in 1835, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Kane. He was a Kentuckian. Richard M. Young— Was elected in 1836, and held his seat from March 4, 1837, to March 4, 1843, a fulfterm. He was a HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 163 native of Kentucky; was Circuit Judge before his election to the Senate, and Supreme Judge in 1842. He died in an insane asylum at Washington . Samuel McRoberts — The first native Illinoisian ever elevated to the high office of U. S. Senator from this State, was born in 1799, and died in 1843 on his return home from Washington. He was elected Circuit Judge in 1824, and March 4, 1841, took his seat in the U. S. Senate. Sidney Breese — Was elected to the U. S. Senate, Dec. 17, 1842, and served a full term. He was born in Oneida county, N. Y. He was Major in the Black Hawk war; Circuit Judge, and in 1841 was elected Supreme Judge. He served a full term in the U. S. Senate, beginning March 4, 1843, after which he was elected to the Legislature, again Circuit Judge, and, in 1857, to the Supreme Court, which position he held until his death in 1878. James Semple — Was the successor of Samuel McRoberts, and was appointed by Gov. Ford in 1843. He was afterwards elected Judge of the Supreme Court. Stephen A. Douglas — Was elected Dec. 14, 1846. He had pre viously served three terms as Congressman. He became his own successor in 1853 and again in 1859. From his first entrance in the Senate he was acknowledged the peer of Clay, Webster and Cal houn, with whom he served his first term. His famous contest with Abraham Lincoln for the Senate in 1858 is the most memor able in the annals of our country. It was called the battle of the giants, and resulted in Douglas' election to the Senate, and Lincoln to the Presidency. He was born in Brandon, Vermont, April 23, 1813, and came to Illinois in 1833, and died in 1861. He was appointed Secretary of State by Gov. Carlin in 1840, and shortly afterward to the Supreme Bench. James Shields — Was elected and assumed his seat in the U. S. Senate in 1849, March 4. He was born in Ireland in 1810, came to the United States in 1827. He served in the Mexican army, was elected Senator from Wisconsin, and in 1879 from Missouri for a short term. Lyman Trumbull — Took his seat in the LT. S. Senate March 4, 1855, and became his own successor in 1861. He had previously served one term in the Lower House of Congress, and served on the Supreme Bench. He was born in Connecticut; studied law 164 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. and came to Illinois early in life, where for years he was actively engaged in politics. He resides in Chicago. Orvill H. Browning — Was appointed U. S. Senator in 1861, to fill the seat made vacant by the death of Stephen A. Douglas, until a Senator could be regularly elected. Mr. Browning was born in Harrison county, Kentucky ; was admitted to the bar in 1831, and settled in Quincy, Illinois, where he engaged in the practice of law, and was instrumental, with his friend, Abraham Lincoln, in form ing the Republican party of Illinois at the Bloomington Conven tion. He entered Johnson's cabinet as Secretary of the Interior, and in March, 1868, was designated by the President to perform the duties of Attorney General, in addition to his own, as Secretary of the Interior Department. William A. Richardson — Was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1863, to fill the unexpired term of his friend, Stephen A. Douglas. He was born in Fayette county, Ky., about 1810, studied law, and settled in Illinois ; served as captain in the Mexican War, and, on the battle-field of Buena Yista, was promoted for bravery, by a unanimous vote of his regiment. He served in the Lower House of Congress from 1847 to 1856, continually. Richard Yates — Was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1865, serv ing a full term of six years. He died in St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 27, 1873. John A. Logan — Was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1871. He was born in Jackson county, 111., Feb. 9, 1826, received a common school education, and enlisted as a private in the Mexican War, where he rose to the rank of Regimental Quartermaster. On returning home he studied law, and came to the bar in 1852; was elected in 1858 a Representative to the 36th Congress and re-elected to the 37th Congress, resigning in 1861 to take part in the sup pression of. the Rebellion; served as Colonel and subsequently as a Major General, and commanded, with distinction, the armies of the Tennessee. He was again elected to the U. S. Senate in 1879 for six years. David Davis — Was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1877 for a term of six years. He was born in Cecil county, Md., March 9, 1815, graduated at Kenyon College, Ohio, studied law, and removed to Illinois in 1835; was admitted to the bpr and settled in Blooming- ton, where he has since resided and amassed a large fortune. He HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 165 was for many years the intimate friend and associate of Abraham Lincoln, rode the circuit with him each year, and after Lincoln's election to the Presidency, was appointed by him to fill the position of Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. FIFTEENTH CONGRESS. NINETEENTH CONGRESS. John McLean 1818 Daniel P. Cook 1825-26 SIXTEENTH CONGRESS. TWENTIETH CONGRESS. Daniel P. Cook 1819-20 Joseph Duncan 1827-28 SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS. TWENTY-FIRST CONGRESS. DanielP. Cook 1821-22 Joseph Duncan 1829-30 EIGHTEENTH CONGRESS. TWENTY-SECOND CONGRESS. Daniel P. Cook .1823-24 Joseph Duncan 1831-32 TWENTY-THIRD CONGRESS. Joseph Duncan 1833-34 Zadock Casey 1833-34 TWENTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. Zadock Casey 1835-36 William L. May 1835-36 John Reynolds 1835-36 TWENTY-FIFTH CONGRESS. Zadock Casey 1837-38 William L. May 1837-38 John Reynolds 1837-38 TWENTY-SIXTH CONGRESS. Zadock Casey ' 1839-40 John T. Stuart 1839-40 John Reynolds 1839-10 TWENTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS. Zadock Casey 1841^2 John T. Stuart 1841-42 John Reynolds 1841-12 TWENTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS. Robert Smith 1843-44 Joseph P. Hoge 1843-44 Orlando B. Finklin 1843-44 John J. Hardin 1843-44 Stephen A. Douglas 1843-44 John Wentworth 1843-14 John A. McClernand 1843-44 TWENTY-NINTH CONGRESS. Robert Smith 1845-46 Joseph P. Hoge 1845-46 Stephen A. Douglas 1845-16 John A. McClernand 1845^6 Orlando B. Finklin 1845-46 John Wentworth. .- 1845-46 John J. Hardin , 1845 THIRTIETH CONGRESS. John Wentworth 1847-48 Orlando B. Finklin 1847-48 Thomas J. Turner 1847 Robert Smith 1847-48 Abraham Lincoln 1847-48 William A. Richardson 1847-48 John A. McClernand 1847-48 166 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. THIRTY-FIRST CONGRESS. John A. McClernand 1849-50 Edward D. Baker 1849-50 John Wentworth 1849-50 William H. Bissell 1849-50 Timothy R. Young 1849-50 Thomas L. Harris 1849 William A. Richardson 1849-50 THIRTY-SECOND CONGRESS. William A. Richardson 1851-52 Richard Yates 1851-52 Thompson Campbell 1851-52 Richard S. Maloney 1851-52 Orlando B. Finklin. 1851-52 ¦ Willis 1851-52 John Wentworth 1851-52 William H. Bissell 1851-52 THIRTY-THIRD CONGRESS. William H. Bissell 1853-54 Thompson Campbell 1853-54 John C. Allen 1853-54 James Knox 1853-54 Willis 1853-54 Jesse O. Norton 1853-54 Elihu B. Washburne. 1853-54 William A. Richardson 1863-54 Richard Yates 1853-54 THIRTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1855-56 Samuel S. Marshall 1855-56 Lyman Trumbull 1855-56 J. L. D. Morrison 1855-56 James H. Woodworth 1855-56 John C. Allen 1855-56 James Knox 1855-56 Jesse O. Norton 1855-56 Thompson Campbell 1855-56 William A. Richardson 1855-56 THIRTY-FIFTH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1857-58 Samuel S. Marshall 1857-58 Charles D. Hodges 1857-58 Isaac N. Morris 1857-58 William Kellogg 1857-58 Aaron Shaw 1857-58 Thompson Campbell 1857-58 Robert Smith 1857-58 John F. Farnsworth 1857-58 Thomas L. Harris 1857-58 Owen Lovejoy 1857-58 THIRTY-SIXTH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1859-60 John F. Farnsworth 1859-60 John A. Logan 1859-60 Philip B. Fouke 1859-60 Owen Lovejoy 1859-60 Thomas L. Harris 1859-60 John A.McClernand 1859-60 William Kellogg 1859-60 Isaac N Morris 1859-60 James C.Robinson 1859-60 THIRTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1861-62 Isaac N. Arnold 1861-62 James C. Robinson 1861-62 Philip B. Fouke 1861-62 John A. Logan 1861-62 William Kellogg 1861-62 Owen Lovejoy 1861-62 Anthony L. Knapp 1861-62 John A. McClernand 1861-62 William A. Richardson 1861-62 ' THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1863-64 William J. Allen 1863-64 Jesse O. Norton 1863-64 Isaac N. Arnold 1863-64 James C. Robinson 1863-64 John R. Eden 1863-64 PASSENGER DEPOT OF THE CHICAGO, RO^K I^LVND & PVCIFIC RAILWAY ro„ AT CHICAGO. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 169 Lewis W. Ross 1863-64 John T. Stuart 1863-64 Owen Lovejoy 1863-64 William R. Morrison .1863-64 John C. Allen 1863-64 John F. Farnsworth 1863-64 Charles W. Morris 1863-64 Eben C. Ingersoll 1863-64 Anthony L. Knapp 1863-64 THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS Elihu B. Washburne 1865-66 Anthony B. Thornton 1865-66 John Wentworth 1865-66 Abner C. Hardin 1865-66 Eben C. Ingersoll 1865-66 Barton C. Cook 1865-66 Shelby M. Cullom 1865-66 John F. Farnsworth 1865-66 Jehu Baker 1865-66 Henry P. H. Bromwell 1865-66 Andrew Z. Kuykandall 1865-66 Samuel S. Marshall 1865-66 Samuel W. Moulton 1865-66 Lewis W. Ross 1865-66 FORTIETH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1867-68 Abner C. Hardin 1867-68 Eben C. Ingersoll 1867-68 Norman B. Judd 1867-68 Albert G. Burr 1867-68 Burton C. Cook 1867-68 John F. Farnsworth 1867-68 Jehu Baker 1867-68 Henry P. H. Bromwell 1867-68 John A. Logan 1867-68 Samuel S. Marshall 1867-68 Green B. Raum 1867-68 Shelby M. Oullom 1867-68 . Lewis W. Ross. .1867-68 FORTY-FIRST CONGRESS. Norman B. Judd 1869-70 John F. Farnsworth 1869-70 H. C. Burchard 1869-70 John B. Hawley .1869-70 Eben C. Ingersoll 1869-70 Burton C. Cook 1869-70 Shelby M. Cullom 1869-70 Thomas W. McNeely 1869-70 Albert G. Burr 1869-70 Samuel S. Marshall 1869-70 John B. Hay 1869-70 John M. Crebs 1869-70 Jesse H. Moore 1869-70 John A. Logan }869-70 FORTY-SECOND CONGRESS. Charles B. Farwell 1871-72 John F. Farnsworth 1871-72 Horatio C. Burchard 1871-72 John B. Hawley 1871-72 Bradford N. Stevens 1871-72 Henry Snapp 1871-72 Jesse H. Moore 1871-72 James C. Robinson 1871-72 Thomas W. McNeely 1871-72 Edward Y. Rice 1871-72 Samuel S. Marshall 1871-72 John B. Hay 1871-72 John M. Crebs 1871-72 John S. Beveredge 1871-72 FORTY-THIRD CONGRESS. John B. Rice 1873-74 Jasper D. Ward 1873-74 Charles B. Farwell 1873-74 Stephen A. Hurlbut 1873-74 Horatio C. Burchard 1873-74 John B. Hawley 1873-74 Franklin Corwin 1873-74 Robert M. Knapp 1873-74 James C. Robinson 1873-74 John B. McNulta 1873-74 Joseph G. Cannon 1873-74 John R. Eden 1873-74 James S. Martin 1873-74 William R. Morrison 1873-74 170 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. Greenbury L. Fort 1873-74 'Granville Barrere 1873-74 William H. Ray 1873-74 FORTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. Isaac Clements 1873-74 Samuel S. Marshall 1873-74 -Bernard G. Caulfleld 1875-76 'Carter H. Harrison 1875-76 ¦Charles B. Farwell 1875-76 Stephen A. Hurlbut 1875-76 Horatio C. Burchard 1875-76 Thomas J. Henderson 1875-76 Alexander Campbell 1875-76 Greenbury L. Fort 1875-76 Richard H. Whiting 1875-76 John C. Bagby 1875-76 FORTY-FIFTH CONGRESS. 'William Aldrich 1877-78 Carter H. Harrison 1877-78 Lorenzo Brentano 1877-78 William Lathrop 1877-78 Horatio C. Burchard 1877-78 Thomas J. Henderson 1877-78 Philip C Hayes 1877-78 Greenbury L. Fort 1877-78 Thomas A. Boyd. 1877-78 Benjamin F. Marsh 1877-78 FORTY-SIXTH CONGRESS. ' William Aldrich 1879-80 George R. Davis , 1879-80 Hiram Barber 1879-80 John C. Sherwin 1879-80 R. M. A. Hawk 1879-80 Thomas J. Henderson 1879-80 Philip C. Hayes 1879-80 Greenbury L. Fort 1879-80 Thomas A. Boyd 1879-80 Benj amin F. Marsh 1879-80 Scott Wike 1875-76 William M. Springer 1875-76 Adlai E. Stevenson 1875-76 Joseph G. Cannon 1875-76 John R. Eden 1875-76 W. A. J. Sparks 1875-76 William R. Morrison 1875-76 William Hartzell 1875-76 William B. Anderson 1875-76 Robert M. Knapp 1877-78 William M. Springer 1877-78 Thomas F. Tipton 1877-78 Joseph G. Cannon 1877-78 John R. Eden 1877-78 W. A. J. Sparks 1877-78 William R. Morrison 1877-78 William Hartzell 1877-78 Richard W. Townshend 1877-78 James W. Singleton 1879-80 William M. Springer 1879-80 A. E. Stevenson 1879-80 Joseph G. Cannon 1879-80 Albert P. Forsythe 1879-80' W. A. Jf Sparks 1879-80 William R. Morrison 1879-80 John R. Thomas 1879-80 R. W. Townshend 1879-80 CHICAGO. While we cannot, in the brief space we have, give more than a meager sketch of such a city as Chicago, yet we feel the history of the State would be incomplete without speaking of its metropolis, the most wonderful city on the globe. In comparing Chicago as it was a few years since with Chicago of to-day, we behold a change whose veritable existence we should SECTIONAL VIEW OF LA SALLE STEEET TUNNEL, CHICAGO. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 171 • be inclined to doubt were it not a stern, indisputable fact. Rapid as is the customary development of places and things in the United States, the growth of Chicago and her trade stands without a parallel. The city is situated on the west shore of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Chicago river. It lies 14 feet above the lake, having been raised to that grade entirely by the energy of its citizens, its site having originally been on a dead level with the water of the lake. The city extends north and south along the lake about ten miles, and westward on the prairie from the lake five or six miles, embrac ing an area of over 40 square miles. It is divided by the river into three distinct parts, known as the North, West and South Divisions, or "Sides," by which they are popularly and commonly known. These are connected by 33 bridges and two tunnels. The first settlement of Chicago was made in 1804, during which year Fort Dearborn was built. At the close of 1830 Chicago con tained 12 houses, with a population of about 100. The town was organized in 1833, and incorporated as a city in 1837. The first frame building was erected in 1832, and the first brick house in 1833. The first vessel entered the harbor June 11, 1834; and at the first official census, taken July 1, 1837, the entire population was found to be 4,170. In 1850 the population had increased to 29,963; in 1860, to .112,172; in 1870, 298,977; and, according to the customary mode of reckoning from the number of names in the City Directory, the population of 1879 is over 500,000. Nicholas Perrot, a Frenchman, was the first white man to visit the site of Chicago. This he did in 1671, at the instigation of M. Toulon, Governor of Canada. He was sent to invite the Western Indians to a convention at Green Bay. It has been often remarked that the first white man who became a resident of Chicago was a negro. His name was Jean Baptiste Pointe au Sable, a mulatto from the West Indies. He settled there in 1796 and built a rude cabin on the north bank of the main river, and laid claim to a tract of land surrounding it. He disappeared from the scene, and his claim was "jumped" by a Frenchman named Le Mai, who commenced trad ing with the Indians. A few years later he sold out to John Kin zie, who was then an Indian trader in the country about St. Joseph, Mich., and agent for the American Fur Company, which had traded at Chicago with the Indians for some time; and this 172 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. fact had, probably more than any other, to do with the determina tion of the Government to establish a fort there. The Indians were growing numerous in that region, being attracted by the facilities for selling their wares, as well as being pressed northward by the tide of emigration setting in from the south. It was judged necessary to have some force near that point to keep them in check, as well as to protect the trading interests. Mr. Kinzie moved his family there the same year Fort Dearborn was builtj and converted the Jean Baptiste cabin into a tasteful dwelling. For about eight years things moved along smoothly. The garri son was quiet, and the traders prosperous. Then the United States became involved in trouble with Great Britain. The Indians took the war-path long before the declaration of hostilities between the civilized nations, committing great depredations, the most atro cious of which was the massacre of Fort Dearborn, an account of which may be found in this volnme under the heading of " The War of 1812." THE GEEAT FIEE. From the year 1840 the onward march of the city of Chicago to the date of the great fire is well known. To recount its marvel ous growth in population, wealth, internal resources and improve ments and everything else that goes to make up a mighty city, would consume more space than we could devote, however interest ing it might be. Its progress astonished the world, and its citizens stood almost appalled at the work of their own hands. She was happy, prosperous and great when time brought that terrible Octo ber night (Oct. 9, 1871) and with it the great fire, memorable as the greatest fire ever occurring on earth. The sensation conveyed to the spectator of this unparalleled event, either through the eye, the ear, or other senses or sympathies, cannot be adequately described, and any attempt to do it but shows the poverty of lan guage. As a spectacle it was beyond doubt the grandest as well as the most appalling ever offered to mortal eyes. From any elevated standpoint the appearance was that of a vast ocean of flame, sweeping in mile-long billows and breakers over the doomed city. Added, to the spectacular elements of the conflagration — the intense and lurid light, the sea of red and black, and the spires and pyramids of flame shooting into the heavens — was its constant and CHICAGO ENS. CO. SC. W.W. BOYINGTOM ARCHT. INTER-STATE INDUSTRIAL EXPOSITION, OF CHICAGO. LEJtFTH,80Q FEET. WIDTH, 2C0 FEET, OOHE.I60 FEET HIGH. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 173 terrible roar, drowning even the voices of the shrieking multitude; and ever and anon — for a while as often as every half-minute — resounded far and wide the rapid detonations of explosions, or fall ing walls. In short, all sights and sounds ¦, which terrify the weak and unnerve the strong abounded. But they were only the accom paniment which the orchestra of nature were furnishing to the terrible tragedy there being enacted. The total area burned over, including streets, was three and a third square miles. The number of buildings destroyed was 17,450; persons rendered homeless, 98,500; persons killed, about 200. Not including depreciation of real estate, or loss of business, it is estimated that the total loss occasioned by the fire was $190,000,000, of which but $44,000,000 was recovered on insur ance. The business of the city was interrupted but a short time; and in a year after the fire a large part of the burned district was rebuilt, and at present there is scarcely a trace of the terrible dis aster, save in the improved character of the new buildings over those destroyed, and the general: better appearance of the city — now the finest, in an architectural sense, in the world. One of the features of this great city worthy of mention is the Exposition, held annually. The smouldering ruins were yet smok ing when ther Exposition Building was erected, only ninety days being consumed in its construction. The accompanying engrav ing of the, building, the main part of which is 1,000 feet long, will give an idea of its magnitude. COMMEECE OF CHICAGO. The trade of Chicago is co-extensive with the world. Every where, in every country and in every port, the trade-marks of her merchants are seen. Everywhere, Chicago stands prominently identified with the commerce of the continent. A few years ago, grain was carted to the place in wagons; now more than 10,000 miles of railroad, with thousands of trains heavily ladened with1 the products of the land center there. The cash value of the produce handled during the year 1878 was $220,000,000, and its aggregate weight was 7,000,000 tons, or would make 700,000 car loads. Divided into trains, it would make 28,000 long, heavily ladened freight trains, wending their way from all parts of the United States toward our great metropolis. These trains, arranged in one con- 174 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. tinuous line, would stretch from London across the broad Atlantic to New York and on across our continent to San Francisco. In regard to the grain, lumber and stock trade, Chicago has sur passed all rivals, and, indeed, not only is without a peer but excels any three or four cities in the world in these branches. Of grain, the vast, quantity of 134,851,193 bushels was received during the year 1878. This was about two-fifths more than ever received before in one year. It took 13,000 long freight trains to carry it from the fields of the Northwest to Chicago. This would make a continuous train that would reach across the continent from New York to San Francisco. Speaking more in detail, we have of the various cereals received during the year, 62,783,577 bushels of corn, 29,901,220 bushels of wheat, 18,251,529 bushels of oats, 133,981,104 pounds of seed. The last item alone would fill about 7,000 freight cars. The lumber received during the year 1878 was, 1,171,364,000 feet, exceeded only in 1872, the year after the great fire. ' This vast amount of lumber would require 195,000 freight cars to transport ,it. It would build a fence, four boards high, four and one-half times around the globe. In the stock trade for the year 1878, the figures assume propor tions almost incredible. They are, however, from* reliable and trustworthy sources, and must be accepted as authentic. There were received during the year, 6,339,656 hogs, being 2,000,000 more than ever received before in one year. It required 129,916 stock cars to transport this vast number of hogs from the farms of the West and Northwest to the stock yards of Chicago. These hogs arranged in single file, would form a connecting link between Chicago and Pekin, China. Of the large number of hogs received, five millions of them were slaughtered in Chicago. The aggregate amount of product manu factured from these hogs was 918,000,000 pounds. The capacity of the houses engaged in slaughtering operations in Chicago is 60,000 hogs daily. The number of hands employed in these houses is from 6,000 to 8,000. The number of packages required in which to market the year's product is enormously large, aggregating 500,- 000 barrels, 800,000 tierces and 650,000'boxes. There has been within the stock yards of the city, during the year 1878, 1,036,066 cattle. These were gathered from the plains HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 175 of Oregon, Wyoming and Utah, and the grazing regions of Texas, as well as from all the Southern, Western and Northwestern States and Territories and from the East as far as Ohio. If these cattle were driven from Chicago southward, in single file, through the United States, Mexico, and the Central American States into South America, the foremost could graze on the plains of Brazil, ere the last one had passed the limits of the great city. Not only does Chicago attract to its great market the products of a continent, but from it is distributed throughout the world manu factured goods. Every vessel and every train headed toward that city are heavily ladened with the crude products of the farm, of the forests, or of the bowels of the earth, and every ship that leaves her docks and every train that flies from her limits are filled with manufactured articles. These goods not only find their way all over our own country but into Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, South America, Mexico, and the Islands of the sea; indeed, every nook and corner of the globe, where there is a demand for her goods, her merchants are ready to supply. The wholesale trade for the year 1878 reached enormous figures, aggregating $280,000,000. Divided among the leading lines, we find there were sold of dry goods, $95,000,000 worth. The trade in groceries amounted to $66,000,000; hardware, $20,000,000; boots and shoes, $24,000,000; clothing, $17,000,000; carpets, $8,000,000; millinery, $7,000,000; hats and caps, $6,000,000; leather, $8,000,- 000; drugs, $6,000,000; jewelry, $4,500,000; musical instruments, $2,300,000. Chicago sold over $5,000,000 worth of fruit during the year, and for the same time her fish trade amounted to $1,400,- 000, and her oyster trade $4,500,000. The candy and other con fectionery trade amounted to $1,534,900. This would fill all the Christmas stockings in the United States. In 1852, the commerce of the city reached the hopeful sum of $20,000,000; since then, the annual sales of one firm amount to that much. In 1870, it reached $400,000,000, and in 1878 it had grown so rapidly that the trade of the city amounted during that year to $650,000,000. Her manufacturing interests have likewise grown. In 1878, her manufactories employed in the neighborhood of 75,000 operators. The products manufactured during the year were valued at $230,000,000. In reviewing the shipping in terests of Chicago, we find it equally enormous. So considerable, indeed, is the 176 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. commercial navy of Chicago, that in the seasons of navigation, one vessel sails every nine minutes during the business hours; add to this the canal-boats that leave, one every five minutes during the same time, and you will see something of the magnitude of her shipping. More vessels arrive and depart from this port during the season than enter or leave any other port in the world. In 1$31, the mail system was condensed into a half-breed, who went on foot to Niles, Mich., once in two weeks, and brought back what papers and news he could find. As late as 1846, there was often but one mail a week. A post-office was established in Chicago in 1833, and the postmaster nailed up old boot legs upon one side of his shop to serve as boxes. It, has since grown to be the largest receiving office in the United States. In 1844, the quagmires in the streets were first pontooned by plank roads. The wooden-block pavement appeared in 1857. In 1840, water was delivered by peddlers, in carts or by hand. Then a twenty-five horse power engine pushed it through hollow or bored logs along the streets till 1854, when it was introduced into the houses by new works. The first fire-engine was used in 1835, and the first steam fire-engine in 1859. Gas was utilized for lighting the city in 1850. The Young Men's Christian Association was organized in 1858. Street cars commenced running in 1854. The Museum was opened in 1863. The alarm telegraph adopted in 1864. The opera-house built in 1865. The telephone introduced in 1878. One of the most thoroughly interesting engineering exploits of the city is the tunnels and water-works system, the grandest and most unique of any in the world ; and the closest analysis fails to detect any impurities in the water furnished. The first tunnel is five feet two inches in diameter and two miles long, and can deliver 50,000,000 gallons per day. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter and six miles long, running four miles under the city, and can deliver 100,000,000 gallons per day. This water is distributed through 410 miles of water mains. Chicago river is tunneled for the passage of pedestrians and vehi cles from the South to the West and JMorth divisions. There is no grand scenery about Chicago except the two seas, one of water, the other of prairie. Nevertheless, there is a spirit about it, a push, a breadth, a power, that soon makes it a place never to ttmi Wm a s ? oG i H S) oaW 113=^ a Hi i I 1,1 . i ij ¦'¦:!|i hi HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. ' 177 be forsaken. Chicago is in the field almost alone, to handle the wealth^ of one-fourth of the territory of this great republic. The Atlantic sea-coast divides its margins between Portland, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Savannah, but Chicago has a dozen empires casting their treasures into her lap. On a bed of coal that can run all the machinery of the world for 500 centuries; in a garden that can feed the race by the thousand years; at the head of the lakes that give her a temperature as a summer resort equaled by no great city in the land; with a climate that insures the health of her citizens ; surrounded by all the great deposits of natural wealth in mines and forests and herds, Chicago is the wonder of to-day, and will be the city of the future. STATES OF THE UNION. THEIE SETTLEMENT, OBIGIN OF NAME AND MEANING, COGNOMEN, MOT TOES, ADMISSION INTO THE UNION, POPULATION, AEEA, NUMBEE OF SOLDIEES FUENISHED DUEING THE EEBELLION, NUMBEE OF EEPEE- * SENTATIVES IN CONGEESS, PEESENT GOVEENOES, ETC., ETC., ETC. Alabama. — This State was first explored by LaSalle in 1684, and settled by the French at Mobile in 1711, and admitted as a State in 1817. Its name is Indian, and means " Here we rest." Has no motto. Population in 1860,964,201; in 1870,996,992. Furnished 2,576 soldiers for the Union army. Area 50,722 square miles. Montgomery is the capital. Has 8 Representatives and 10 Presi dential electors. Rufus W. Cobb is Governor; salary, $3,000; politics, Democratic. Length of term, 2 years. Arkansas — Became a State in 1836. Population in 1860, 435,- 450; in 1870,484,471. Area 52,198 square miles. Little Rock, capital. Its motto is Regnant Populi — " The people rule." It has the Indian name of its principal river. Is called the "Bear State." Furnished 8,289 soldiers. She is entitled to 4 members in Congress* and 6 electoral votes. Governor, W. R. Miller, Democrat ; salary, $3,500 ; term, 2 years. California — Has a Greek motto, Eureka, which means " I have found it." It derived its name from the bay forming the peninsula of Lower California, and was first applied by Cortez. It was first visited by the Spaniards in 1542, and by the celebrated English 178 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. navigator, Sir Francis Drake, in 1578. In 1846 Fremont took possession of it, defeating the Mexicans, in the name of the United States, and it was admitted as a State in 1850. Its gold, mines from 1868 to 1878 produced over $800,000,000. Area 188,982 square miles. Population in 1860, 379,994. In 1870, 560,247. She gave to defend the Union 15,225 soldiers. Sacramento is the capital. Has 4 Representatives in Congress. Is entitled to 6 Presidential electors. Present Governor is William Irwin, a Democrat; term, 4 years ; salary, $6,000. Colorado — Contains 106,475 square miles, and had a population in 1860 of 34,277, and in 1870, 39,864. She furnished 4,903 soldiers. Was admitted as a State in 1876. It has a Latin motto, Nil sine Numine, which means, " Nothing can be done without divine aid." It was named from its river. Denver is the capital. Has 1 member in Congress, and 3 electors. T. W. Pitkin is Gov ernor; salary, $3,000; term, 2 years; politics, Republican. Connecticut — Qui transtulit sustinet, " He who brought us over sustains us," is her motto. It was named from the Indian Quon- ch-ta-Cut, signifying "Long River." It is called the "Nutmeg State." Area 4,674 square miles. Population 1860, 460,147; in 1870, 537,454. Gave to the Union army 55,755 soldiers. Hart ford is the capital. Has 4 Representatives in Congress, and is entitled to 6 Presidential electors. Salary of Governor $2,000; term, 2 years. Delaware. — " Liberty and Independence," is the motto of this ¦ State. It was named after Lord De La Ware, an English states man, and is called, " The Blue Hen," and the " Diamond State." It was first settled by the Swedes in 1638. It was one of the original thirteen States. Has an area of 2,120 square miles. Population in 1860, 112,216; in 1870, 125,015. She sent to the -front to defend the Union, 12,265 soldiers. Dover is the capital. Has but 1 mem ber in Congress; entitled to 3 Presidential electors. John W. Hall, Democrat, is Governor; salary, $2,000; term, 2 years. Florida — Was discovered by Ponce de Leon in 1512, on Easter Sunday, called by the Spaniards, Pascua Florida, which, with the variety and beauty of the flowers at this early season caused him to name it Florida — which means in Spanish, flowery. Its motto is, " In God we trust." It was admitted into the Union in 1845. It has an area of 59,268 square miles. Population in 1860, 140,424; in HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 179 1870, 187,756. Its capital is Tallahassee. Has 2 members in Con gress. Has 4 Presidential electors. George F. Drew, Democrat, Governor; term, 4 years; salary, $3,500. Georgia — Owes its name to George IL, of England, who first established a colony there in 1732. Its motto is, " Wisdom, justice and moderation." It was one of the original States. Population in 1860, 1,057,286; 1870, 1,184,109. Capital, Atlanta. Area 58,- 000 square miles. Has 9 Representatives in Congress, and 11 Presidential electors. Her Governor is A. H. Colquitt, Democrat ; term, 4 years; salary, $4,000. Illinois — Motto, " State Sovereignty, National Union." Name derived from the Indian word, Illini, meaning, superior men. It is called the "Prairie State," and its inhabitants, ".Suckers." Was first explored by the French in 1673, and admitted into the Union in 1818. Area 55,410 square miles. Population, in 1860 1,711,951; in 1870, 2,539,871. She sent to the front to defend the' Union, 258,162 soldiers. Capital, Springfield, Has 19 members in Congress, and 21 Presidential electors. Shelby M. Cullom, Repub. lican, is Governor; elected for 4 years; salary, $6,000. Indiana — Is called "Hoosier State." Was explored in 1682, and admitted as a State in 1816. Its name was suggested by its numerous Indian population. Area 33,809 square miles. Popu lation in 1860, 1,350,428; in 1870, 1,680,637. She put into the Federal army, 194,363 men. . Capital, Indianapolis. Has 13 mem bers in Congress, and 15 Presidential electors. J. D. Williams Governor, Democrat; salary, $3,000; term, 4 year. Iowa — Is an Indian name and means " This is the land." Its motto is, "Our liberties we prize, our rights we will maintain." It is called the " Hawk Eye State." It was first visited by Marquette and Joliet in 1673; settled by New Englanders in 1833, and admitted into the Union in 1846. Des Moines is the capital. It has an area of 55,045, and a population in 1860 of 674,913, and in 1870 of 1,191,802. She sent to defend the Government, 75,793 soldiers. Has 9 members in Congress; 11 Presidential electors. John H. Gear, Republican, is Governor; salary, $2,500; term, 2years. Kansas — Was admitted into the Union in 1861, making the thirty -fourth State. Its motto is Ad astra per aspera, "To the stars through difficulties." Its name means, " Smoky water," and 180 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. is derived from one of her rivers. Area 78,841 square miles. Population in 1860, 107,209; in 1870 was 362.812. She furnished 20,095 soldiers. Capital is Topeka. Has 3 Representatives in Con gress, and 5 Presidential electors. John P. St. John, Governor; politics, Republican; salary, $3,000; term, 2 years. Kentucky — Is the Indian name for " At the head of the rivers." Its motto is, " United we stand, divided we fall." The sobriquet of " dark and bloody ground " is applied to this State. It was first settled in 1769, and admitted in 1792 as the fifteenth State. Area 37,680. Population in 1860, 1,155,684; in 1870, 1,321,000. She put into the Federal army 75,285 soldiers. Capital, Frankfort. Has 10 members in Congress ; 12 Electors. J. B. McCreary, Democrat, is Governor; salary, $5,000 ; term, 4 years. Louisiana — Was called after Louis XIY., who at one time owned that section of the country. Its motto is " Union and Con fidence." It is called "The Creole State." It was visited by La Salle in 1684, and admitted into the Union in 1812, making the eighteenth State. Population in 1860, 708,002; in 1870, 732,731. Area 46,431 square miles. She put into the Federal army 5,224 soldiers. Capital, New Orleans. Has 6 Representatives and 8 Electors. F. T. Nichols, Governor, Democrat; salary, $8,000; term, 4 years. Maine. — This State was called after the province of Maine in France, in compliment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province. Its motto is Dirigo, meaning " I direct." It is called "The Pine Tree State." It was settled by the English in 1625. It was admitted as a State in 1820. Area 31,766 square miles. Population in 1860, 628,279; in 1870, 626,463; 69,738 sol diers went from this State. Has 5 members in Congress, and 7 Electors. Selden Conner, Republican, Governor; term, 1 year; salary, $2,500. Maryland — Was named after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I. of England. It has a Latin motto, Crecite ei multiplica- mini, meaning " Increase and Multiply." It was settled in 1634, and was one of the original thirteen States. It has an area of 11,- 124 square miles. Population in 1860 was 687,049; in 1870, 780,- 806. This State furnished 46,053 soldiers. Capital, Annapolis. Has 6 Representatives, and 8 Presidential electors. J. H. Carroll, Democrat, Governor; salary, $4,500; term, 4 years. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 181 Massachusetts — Is the Indian for " The country around the great hills." It is called the " Bay State," from its numerous bays. Its motto is Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem, " By the sword she seeks placid rest in liberty." It was settled in 1620 at Plymouth by English Puritans. It was one of the original thirteen States, and was the first to take up arms against the English during the Revolution. Area 7,800 square miles. Population in 1860, 1,231,- 066; in 1870, 1,457,351. She gave to the Union army 146,467 sol diers. Boston is the capital. Has 11 Representatives in Con gress, and 13 Presidential electors. Thomas Talbot, Republican, is Governor; salary, $5,000; term, 1 year. Michigan — Latin motto, Luebor, and Si quceris peninsulam amcenam cvrcumspice, " I will defend" — "If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look around you." The name is a contraction of two Indian words meaning " Great Lake." It was early explored by Jesuit missionaries, and in 1837 was admitted into the Union. It is known as the " Wolverine State." It contains 56,243 square miles. In 1860 it had a population of 749,173; in 1870, 1,184,059. She furnished 88,111 soldiers. Capital, Lansing. Has 9 Repre sentatives and 11 Presidential electors. C. M. Croswell is Gov ernor; politics, Republican; salary, $1,000; term, 2 years. Minnesota — Is an Indian name, meaning " Cloudy Water." It has a French motto, EEtoile du Nord — " The Star of the North." It was visited in 1680. by La Salle, settled in 1846, and admitted into the Union in 1858. It contains 83,531 square miles. In 1860 had a population of 172,023; in 1870, 439,511. She gave to the Union army 24;002 soldiers. St. Paul is the capital. Has 3 mem bers in Congress, 5 Presidential electors. Governor, J. S. Pills- bury, Republican; salary, $3,000; term, 2 years. Mississippi — Is an Indian name, meaning "Long River," and the State is named from the " Father of Waters." The State was first explored by De Sota in 1541; settled by the French at Natchez in 1716, and was admitted into the Union in 1817. It has an area of 47,156 square miles. Population in 1860, 791,305; in 1870,827,- 922. She gave to suppress the Rebellion 545 soldiers. Jackson is the capital. Has 6 representatives in Congress, and 8 Presidential electors. J. M. Stone is Governor, Democrat; salary, $4,000; term, 4 years. Missouri — Is derived from the Indian word "muddy," which 182 . HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. more properly applies to the river that flows through it. Its motto is Salus populi suprema lex esto, " Let the welfare of the people be the supreme law." The State was first settled by the French near Jefferson City in 1719, and in 1821 was admitted into the Union. It has an area of 67,380 square miles, equal to 43,123,200 acres. It had a population in 1860 of 1,182,012; in 1870, 1,721,- 000. She gave to defend the Union 108,162 soldiers. Capital, Jefferson City. Its inhabitants are known by the offensive cogno- man of " Pukes." Has 13 representatives in Congress, and 15 Presidential electors. J. S. Phelps is Governor; politics, Demo cratic; salary, $5,000; term, 4 years. Nebraska — Has for its motto, " Equality before the law." Its name is derived from one of its rivers, meaning " broad and shal low, or low." It was admitted into the Union in 1867. Its capital is Lincoln. It had a population in 1860 of 28,841, and in 1870, 123,993, and in 1875,246,280. It has an area of 75,995 square miles. She furnished to defend the Union 3,157 soldiers. Has but 1 Representative and 3 Presidential electors. A. Nance, Repub lican, is Governor ; salary, $2,500 ; term, 2 years. Nevada — " The Snowy Land " derived its name from the Span ish. Its motto is Latin, Yolens et potens, and means " willing and able." It was settled in 1850, and admitted into the Union in 1S64. Capital, Carson City. Its population in 1860 was 6,857; in 1870 it was 42,491. It has an area of 112,090 square miles. She furnished 1,080 soldiers to suppress the Rebellion. Has 1 Rep resentative and 3 Electors. Governor, J. H. Kinkhead, Republican; salary, $6,000 ; term, 4 years. New Hampshire — Was first settled at Dover by the English in 1623. Was one of the original States. Has no motto. It is named from Hampshire county in England. It also bears the name of " The Old Granite State." It has an area of 9,280 miles, which equals 9,239,200 acres. It had a population in ] 860 of 326,- 073, and in 1870 of 31S,300. She increased the Union army with 33,913 soldiers. Concord is the capital. Has 3 Repre'sentatives and 5 Presidential electors. N. Head, Republican, Governor; salary, $1,000; term, 1 year. New Jersey — Was named in honor of the Island of Jersey in the British channel. Its motto is " Liberty and Independence." It was first settled at Bergen by the Swedes in 1624. It is one of the orig- HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 183 inal thirteen States. It has an area of 8,320 square miles, or 5,324,- 800 acres. Population in 1860 was 672,035 ; in 1870 it was 906,096. She put into the Federal army 75,315 soldiers. Capital, Trenton. Has 7 Representatives and 9 Presidential electors. Governor, George B. McClelland, Democrat; salary, $5,000; term, 3 years. New York. — The "Empire State" was named by the Duke of York, afterward King James II. of England. It has a Latin motto, Excelsior, which means " Still Higher." It was first settled by the Dutch in 1614 at Manhattan. It has an area of 47,000 square miles, or 30,080,000 acres. The population in 1860 was 3,880,735; in 1870 it was 4,332,759. It is one of the original thirteen States. Capital is Albany. It gave to defend our Government 445,959 men. Has 33 members in Congress, and 35 Presidential electors. Governor, L. Robinson, Democrat; salary, $10,000; term, 3 years. North Carolina — Was named after Charles IX. , King of France. It is called " The Old North," or " The Turpentine State." It was first visited in 1524 by a Florentine navigator, sent out by Francis I., King of France. It was settled at Albemarle in 1663. It was one of the original thirteen States. It has an area of 50,704 square miles, equal to 32,450,560 acres. It had in 1S60 a population of 992,622, and in 1870, 1,071,361. Raleigh is the capital. She furnished 3,156 soldiers to put down the Rebellion. Has 8 mem bers in Congress, and is entitled to 10 Presidential electors. Z. B. Vance, Democrat, is Governor; salary, $5,000; term, 4 years. Ohio — Took its name from the river on its Southern boundary, and means " Beautiful." Its motto is Imperium in Imperio — "An Empire in an Empire." It was first permanently settled in 1788 at Marietta by New Englanders. It was admitted as a State in 1803. Its capital is Columbus. It contains 39,964 square miles, or 25,576, 960 acres. Population in 1860, 2,339,511; in 1870 it had 2,665,260. She sent to the front during the Rebellion 310,- 654 soldiers. Has 20 Representatives, and 22 Presidential electors. Governor, R. M. Bishop, Democrat; salary, $4,000; term, 2 years. Oregon— Owes its Indian name to its principal river. Its motto is Alis volat propriis — " She flies with her own wings." It was first visited by the Spaniards in the sixteenth century. It was set tled by the English in 1813, and admitted into the Union in 1859. Its capital is Salem. It has an area of 95,274 square miles, equal to 60,975,360 acres. It had in 1860 a population of 52,465; in 184 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 1870, 90,922. She furnished 1,810 soldiers. She is entitled to 1 member in Congress, and 3 Presidential electors. W. W. Thayer, Republican, is Governor; salary, $1,500 ; term, 4 years. Pennsylvania. — This is the "Keystone State," and means "Penn's Woods," and was so called after William Penn, its original owner. Its motto is, " Virtue, liberty and independence." A colonv was established by Penn in 1682. The State was one of the original thirteen. It has an area of 46,000 square miles, equaling 29,440,- 000 acres. It had in 1860 a population of 2,906,215; and in 1870, 3,515,993. She gave to suppress the Rebellion, 338,155. Harris- burg is the capital. Has 27 Representatives and 29 electors. H. M.Hoyt, is Governor; salary, $10,000; politics, Republican; term of office, 3 years. Rhode Island. — This, the smallest of the States, owes its name to the Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly resemble. Its motto is "Hope," and it is familiarly called, "Little Rhody." It was settled by Roger Williams in 1636. It was one of the original thirteen States. It has an area of 1,306 square miles, or 835,840 acres. Its population in 1860 numbered 174,620; in 1870, 217,356. She gave to defend the Union, 23,248. Its capitals are Providence and Newport. Has 2 Representatives, and 4 Presidential electors. C. Vanzandt is Governor; politics, Republican; salary, $1,000; term, 1 year. South Carolina. — The Palmetto State wears the Latin name of Charles IX., of France (Carolus). Its motto is Latin, Animis opibusque parati, "Ready in will and deed." The first permanent settlement was made at Port Royal in 1670, where the French Huguenots had failed three-quarters of a century before to found a settlement. It is one of the original thirteen States. Its capital is Columbia. It has an area of 29,385 square miles, or 18,806,400 acres, with a population in 1860 of 703,708; in 1870, 728,000. Has 5 Representatives in Congress, and is entitled to 7 Presidential electors. Salary of Governor, $3,500; term, 2 years. Tennessee — Is the Indian name for the " River of the Bend," i. e. the Mississippi, which forms its western boundary. She is called "The Big Bend State." Her motto is, " Agriculture, Commerce." It was settled in 1757, and admitted into the Union in 1796, mak ing the sixteenth State, or the third admitted after the Revolution ary War — Vermont being the first, and Kentucky the second. It HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 185 has an area of 45,600 square miles, or 29,184,000 acres. • In 1860 its population numbered 1,109,801, and in 1870, 1,257,983. She furnished 31,092 soldiers to suppress the Rebellion. Nashville is the capital. Has 10 Representatives, and 12 Presidential electors. Governor, A. S. Marks, Democrat; salary, $4,000; term, 2 years. Texas — Is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that section of the country was known before it was ceded to the United States. It is known as " The Lone Star State." The first set tlement was made by LaSalle in 1685. After the independence of Mexico in 1822, it remained a Mexican Province until 1836, when it gained its independence, and in 1845 was admitted into the Union. It has an area of 237,504 square miles, equal to 152,002,- 560 acres. Its population in 1860 was 604,215; in 1870, 818,579. She gave to put down the Rebelion 1,965 soldiers. Capital, Austin. Has 6 Representatives, and 8 Presidential electors. Governor, O. M. Roberts, Democrat; salary, $5,000; term, 2 years. Vermont — Bears the French name of her mountains Verde Mont, "Green Mountains." Its motto is "Freedom and Unity." It was settled in 1731, and admitted into the Union in 1791. Area 10,212 square miles. Population in 1860, 315,098 ; in 1870, 330,551- She gave to defend the Government, 33,272 soldiers. Capital, Mont- pelier. Has 3 Representatives, and 5 electors. Governor, H. Fair banks, Republican; term, 2 years; isalary, $1,000. Virginia. — The Old Dominion, as this State is called, is the oldest of the States. It was named in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the " Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made his first attempt to colonize that region. Its motto is Sic semper tyrannis, " So always with tyrants." It was first settled at James town, in 1607, by the English, being the first settlement in the United States. It is one of original thirteen States, and had before its division .in 1862, 61,352 square miles, but at present contains but 38,352 square miles, equal to 24,545,280 acres. The population in 1860 amounted to 1,596,318, and in 1870 it was 1,224,830. Rich mond is the capital. Has 9 Representatives, and 11 electors. Gov ernor, F. W. M. Halliday, Democrat; salary, $5,500; term, 4 years. West Virginia. — Motto, Montani semper liberi, " Mountaineers are always free." This is the only State ever formed, under the Constitution, by the division of an organized State. This was done in 1862, and in 1863 was admitted into the Union. It has an area of 186 HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 23,000 square miles, or 14,720,000 acres. The population in 1860 was 376,000; in 1870 it numbered 445,616. She furnished 32,003. Capital, Wheeling. Has 3 Representatives in Congress, and is entitled to 5 Presidential electors. The Governor is H. M. Mathews, Democrat; term, 4 years; salary, $2,700. Wisconsin — Is an Indian name, and means "Wild-rushing channel." Its motto, Civitatas successit barbarum, " The civilized man succeeds the barbarous." It is called "The Badger State." The State was visited by the French explorers in 1665, and a settle ment was made in 1669 at Green Bay. It was admitted into the Union in 1848. It has an area of 52,924 square miles, equal to> 34,511,360 acres. In 1860 its population numbered 775,881; in 1870, 1,055,167. Madison is the capital. She furnished for the Union army 91,021 soldiers. 'Has 8 members in Congress, and is entitled to 10 Presidential electors. The Governor is W. E. Smith; politics, Republican; salary, $5,000; term, 2 years. DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. LAWS. The courts recognize two kinds of law, Statute and Common. Statute law is that which is enacted by the Legislature. Common law consists of all the law of England, — whether Statute, or Com mon, which was in force in that country at the time of our inde pendence, and recognized by our courts, and which has not since been repealed or disused. We have what is called established law. -''For this branch of common law there is no authority excepting the decisions of the courts; hence the value of the reported decisions which are pub lished by official reporters. The law presumes that every body is acquainted with it. Mistakes of fact can be corrected by the courts, but not mistakes of law ; no man being permitted to take advantage of a mistake of the law, either to enforce a right, or avoid an obli gation; for it would be dangerous and unwise to encourage igno rance of the law, by permitting a party to profit, or to escape, by his ignorance. One is required at his peril to know the law of his own country. , JURISDICTION OF COURTS. Justices have jurisdiction in all civil cases on contracts' for the recovery of moneys for damages, for injury to real property, or tak ing, detaining, or injuring personal property; for rent; for all cases to recover damages done to real or personal property, by railroad companies; in actions of replevin; of actions for damages for fraud; in the sale, purchase, or exchange of personal property, when the amount claimed as due is not over $200. They have also jurisdic tion in all cases for violation of the ordinances of cities, towns, or villages. A justice of the peace may orally order an officer or a private person, to arrest any one committing, or attempting to com mit a criminal offense. He also, upon complaint, can issue his warrant for the arrest of any person accused of having committed a crime, and have him brought before him for examination. 188 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. COUNTY COURTS Have jurisdiction in all matters of probate (except in counties having a population of one hundred thousand or over ), settlement of estates of deceased persons, appointment of guardians and con servators, and settlements of their accounts; all matters relating to apprentices; proceedings for the collection of taxes and assesments, and in proceedings of executors, administrators, guardians, and conservators, for the sale of real estate. In law cases, they have concurrent jurisdiction with Circuit Courts in all cases where jus tices of the peace now have, or hereafter may have, jurisdiction when the amount claimed shall not exceed $1,000; and in all crim inal offenses, where the punishment is not imprisonment in the pen itentiary or death, and in all cases of appeals from justices of peace and police magistrates, except when the county judge is sitting as a justice of the peace. Circuit Courts have unlimited jurisdiction. COMMISSIONERS OF HIGHWAYS. The commissioners of highways in the different towns, have the care and superintendence, of highways, and bridges therein. They have the power to lay out, vacate, regulate and repair all roads, build and repair bridges, and divide their respective towns into as many road districts as they shall think convenient. This is to be done annually, and ten days before the annual town meeting. In addition to the above, it is their duty to erect and keep in repairs at the forks or crossing-place of the most important roads, post and guide-b'oards, with plain inscriptions, giving directions and dis tances to the most noted places to which such roads may lead; also to make provisions to prevent thistles, burdock, cockle-burs, mus tard, yellow dock, Indian mallow, and jimson weed from seeding, and to extirpate the same as far as practicable, and to prevent all rank growth of vegetation on the public highways, so far as the same may obstruct public travel; and it is in their discretion to erect watering places for public use, for watering teams at such points as may be deemed advisable. Every able-bodied male inhab itant, being above the age of twenty-one years, and under fifty, ex cepting paupers, idiots, lunatics, trustees of schools and school di rectors, and such others as are exempt by law, are required to labor on highways in their respective road" districts, noi less than one, DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 189 nor more than three days in each year. Three days' notice must be given by the overseer, of the time and place he requires such road labor to be done. The labor must be performed in the road district in which the person resides. Any person may commute for such labor by paying the equivalent in money. Any person liable for work on highways, who has been assessed two days or more, and has not commuted, may be required to furnish team, or a cart, wagon or plow, with a pair of horses or oxen and a man to manage them, for which he will be entitled to two days' work. Eight hours is a days' work on the roads and there is a penalty of twenty-five cents an hour against any person or substitute who shall neglect or refuse to perform. Any person remaining idle, or does not work faithfully, or hinders others from doing so, forfeits to the town $2. Every person assessed and duly notified, who has not commuted, and refuses or neglects to appear, shall forfeit to the town for every day's refusal or neglect, the sum of $2; if he was required to furnish a team, carriage, man or implements, and neg lects or refuses to comply, he is liable to the following fines : 1st, For wholly failing to comply, $4 each day; 2d, For omitting to furnish a man to manage team, $2 each day; 3d, For omitting to furnish a pair of horses or oxen, $1.50 each day; 4th, For omitting to furnish a wagon, cart or plow, 75 cents each day. The commis sioners estimate and assess the highway labor and road tax. The road tax on real and personal property can not exceed forty cents on each hundred dollars' worth. The labor or road tax in villages, towns or cities, is paid over to the corporate authorities of such, for the improvement of streets, roads and bridges within their lim its. The legal voters of townships, in counties under township organ ization may, by a majority vote, at their annual town meeting, order that the road tax may be collected in money only. Overseers. — Their duties are to repair and keep in order the high ways in their districts ; to warn persons to work out their road tax at such time and place as they think proper; to collect fines and commutation money, and execute all lawful orders of the commis sioners of highways ; also make list, within sixteen days after their election, of the names of all inhabitants in his road district, liable to work on highways. For refusal to perform any of his duties he is liable to a fine of 190 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. As all township and county officers are familiar with their duties, it is here intended only to give the points of law with which the public should vbe familiar. The manner of laying out, altering, or vacating roads, etc., will not be here stated, as it would require more space than can be spared in a work like this. It is sufficient to state that the first step is by petition, addressed to the commis sioners, setting out what is prayed for, giving the names of the owners of the lands, if known (if not known, so state), over which the road is to pass, giving the general course, its place of beginning, and where it terminates. It requires not less than twelve freehold ers residing within three miles of the road, who shall sign the peti tion. Public roads must not be less than fifty, nor more than sixty feet wide. Roads not exceeding two miles in length, if petitioned for, may be laid out not less than forty feet wide. Private roads for private and public use may be laid out three rods wide, on peti tion of the person directly interested; the damage occasioned there by shall be paid by the premises benefited thereby, and before the road is opened. If not opened in two years, the order shall be con sidered recinded. Commissioners in their discretion may permit persons who live on or have private roads, to work out their road tax thereon. Public roads must be opened in five years from date of filing order of location, or be deemed vacated. FENCES. The town assessor and commissioners of highways shall be fence viewers in their respective towns in counties under township organ ization. In other counties, the county board appoints three in each precinct, annually. A lawful fence is four and one-half feet high and in good-repair, consisting of rails, timbers, boards, stones, hedges, or any other material the fence viewers may deem sufficient. The electors at any annual town meeting may determine what shall constitute a legal fence in the town. Division fences shall be made and maintained in just proportion by the adjoining owners, except where the owner shall choose to let his land lie open; but after a division fence has been built by mu tual agreement or otherwise, it shall not be lawful for either party to remove his part of said fence, so long as he may crop or use such lands for farm purposes, or without giving the other , party one year's notice in writing, of his intention to move his portion of the DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 191 fence. Adjoining owners should endeavor, if possible, mutually to agree as to the proportion that each shall maintain of the division fence between their adjoining lands; and the agreement should be reduced to writing, each party taking a copy. When any person shall enclose his land upon the enclosure of another, he shall refund the owner of tbe adjoining lands a jusjt proportion of the value at that time of such fence. The value of such fence, and the propor tion thereof to be paid by such person, and the proportion of the division fence to be made and maintained by him, in case of his inclosing his land, shall be determined by two fence viewers of the town. Such fence viewers have power to settle all disputes between owners as to fences built or to be built, as well as concerning repairs to be made. Each party chooses one of the viewers, but if the other party neglects, after eight days' notice in writing, to make his choice, then the other party may select both. It is sufficient to notify the tenant, or party in possession, when the owner is not a resident of the town in which such fences are situated. The two fence viewers chosen, after viewing the premises, shall hear the statements of the parties. In case they can't agree, they shall se lect another fence viewer to act with them, and the decision of any two of them shall be final. The decision must be reduced to writ ing, and should plainly set out a description of the fence and all matters settled by them, and must be filed in the office of the town clerk. If any person who is liable to contribute to the erection or repa ration of a division fence, shall neglect or refuse to make or repair his proportion of such fence, the party injured, after giving sixty days' notice, in writing, that a new fence should be erected, or ten days' notice, in writing, that the repair of such fence is necessary, may make or repair the same at the expense of the party so neglecting or refusing, to be recovered from him with costs of suit; and the party so neglecting or refusing, after notice in writing, shall be lia ble to the party injured for all damages which shall thereby accrue, to be determined by any two fence viewers. When a person shall conclude to remove his part of the division fence and let his land lie open, and having given the year's notice required, the adjoining owner may cause the value of said fence to be ascertained by fence viewers as- before provided ; and on payment or tender of the amount of such valuation to the owner, it shall prevent the removal. 192 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. A party removing a division fence without notice is liable for the damages accruing thereby. Where a fence has been built on the land' of another through mistake, the owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and material within six months after the division line has been ascertained. Where, the material to build such a fence has been taken from the land on which it was built, then before it can be removed, the person claiming mast first pay for such material, to the owner of the land from which it was taken ; nor shall such a fence be removed at a time when the removal will throw open or expose the crops of the other party; a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months to remove crops. The compensation of fence viewers is one dollar and fifty cents a day each, to be paid in the first instance by the party calling them; but in the end all expenses, including amount charged by the fence viewers, must be paid equally by the parties, except in cases where a party neglects or refuses to make or maintain a just proportion of a division fence, when'the party in default shall pay them. DRAINAGE. Whenever one or more owners or occupants of land desire to con struct a drain or ditch, through another man's land, the right can be had only Under legislative authority, or is granted or exists by prescription or by consent of the owner. Dripping water from one house upon another can be allowed only where the owner has acquired the right by grant or prescription; and no one has a right to construct his house so as to let the water drip over his neighbor's land. TRESPASS OF STOCK. Where stock of any kind breaks into any person's inclosure, the fence being good and sufficient, the owner is liable for the damage done; but where the damage is done by stock running at large, con trary to law, the owner is liable where there is not such a fence. Where stock is found trespassing on the inclosure of another as aforesaid, the owner or occupier of the premises may take posses sion of such stock and keep the same until damages, with reasonable charges for keeping and feeding, and all costs of suit, are paid. Any person taking or rescuing such stock so held, without his con sent, shall be liable to a fine of not less than three nor more than DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 193 five dollars for each animal rescued, to be recovered by suit before a justice of the peace, for 'the use of the school fund. Within twen ty-four hours after taking such animal into his possession, the per son taking it up must give notice of the fact to the owner, if known ; or if unknown, notice must be posted in some public place near the premises. ESTRAYS. Stray animals are those whose owner is unknown, any beasts, not wild, found on one's premises, and not owned by the occupant. Any animals found straying at ariy time during the year, in counties where such animals are not allowed to run at large, or between the last day of October and the 15th day of April in other counties, the owner being unknown, may be taken up as estrays. A party who wishes to detain property as an estray, must show an exact compli ance with the law. In order to vest the property of the stray in him, such acts must appear in detail on the record. No person not a householder in the county where the estray is found can lawfully take up an estray, and then only upon or about his farm or place of residence. Estrays should not be used before advertised, except animals giving milk, which may be milked for their benefit. Notices must be posted up within five days in three, of the most public places in the town or precinct in which the es tray was found, giving the residence of the taker-up, and a partic ular description of the estray, its age, color, and marks natural and artificial, and stating before what justice of the peace in such town or precinct, and at what time, not less than ten nor more than fif teen days from the time of posting such notices, he will apply to have the estray apprised. If the owner of an estray shall not have appeared and proved ownership and taken the same away, first paying the taker-up his reasonable charges for taking up, keeping, and advertising the same, the taker-up shall appear before the justice mentioned in above notice, and make an affidavit as required by law. All subsequent proceedings are before the justice who is fa miliar therewith; therefore we omit them here. Any person taking up an estray at any other place than about or upon his farm or residence, or without complying with the law, shall forfeit and pay a fine of ten dollars with costs. Ordinary diligence is required in taking care of estrays, but in case they die or get away, the taker-up is not liable for the same. 194 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. If a man finds estrays in his field he is not bound to retain them for the owner, but may drive them off into the highway without being liable to an action. But a person who chases a horse out of his field with a large fierce dog, commits an unlawful act, and is liable for any injury which the act occasions. A person who takes an estray to keep for the owner, but does not pursue the course pre scribed by statute, is not liable to an action unless he uses the same or refuses -to deliver it on demand. Riding a horse to discover the owner is not "use." HORSES Are animals of a domestic nature. Under the age of four years they are called colts. A borrower of a horse is liable for negligence, misuse, or gross want of skill in use. The lender is liable in case the animal lent is unfit or dangerous, as he thus may occasion injury. The animal should be used only for the purpose and to the extent stipulated, and not by a servant. If he dies from disease, or is killed by inevitable accident, the bor rower is not liable. Defects which are manifest, open and plain to an ordinary observer, and those also which are known to the buyer, are not usually covered by a general warranty. The former requires no skill to discover them, and the latter may be objected to or acquiesced in at the time of the purchase. In the case of latent defects existing in such a condition that they could not be detected by the buyer, and are known to the seller, who fails to disclose them to the buyer, the latter practices a constructive fraud, unless the animal is sold " with all faults." By consenting to purchase the horse " with all faults," the purchaser takes upon himself the risk of latent or secret defects, and calculates the price accordingly. But even this kind of a purchase would be voidable if the seller had purposely, and to deceive the purchaser, covered, filled up, patched, plastered, or otherwise practiced fraud to conceal any defects, and he would be liable. Hiring out a horse and carriage to perform a particular journey, carries with it the warranty of the person letting the horse and carriage, that each of them is fit and competent for such journey; but, if a horse is hired for one purpose, and is used for another and is injured, the hirer is liable for the damage sustained. The hirer is in all cases answerable for ordinary neglect. If he uses the hired horse as a prudent man would his own, he is not liable for DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 195 any damage which the horse may receive. If, however, he keeps the hired horse after a stipulated time, or uses it differently from his agreement, he is in any event liable. If the hirer sells the horse, the owner may recover its value of the purchaser, though the pur chaser had in good faith given the hirer full value for it, as the hirer could give no better title than he had himself. Mischievous animals render their owners liable when known to them to be so, and they are responsible for the damage they may' do when they permit them to go at large. Any person may justify i the killing of ferocious animals. MARES AND BRANDS. Owners of cattle, horses, hogs, sheep or goats, may have one ear mark and one brand, which shall be different from his neighbors', and may be recorded by the county clerk of the county in which such property is kept. The fee for such record is fifteen cents. The record of such shall be open to examination free of charge. In cases of disputes as to marks or brands, such record is primafacie evidence. Owners of cattle, horses, hogs, sheep or goats, that may have been branded by former owners, maybe rebranded in presence of one or more of his neighbors, who shall certify to the facts of the marking or branding being done, when done, and in what brand or mark they were re-branded or re-marked, which certificate may also be recorded as before stated. ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT. An agreement is virtually a contract by which a certain person (or persons) agrees or contracts to perform certain duties within a specified time. Good business men always reduce an agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and long and expensive lawsuits. No particular form is necessary, but the facts must be clearly and explicitly stated ; and there must be a reasonable consideration, else the agreement is void. Unless it is expressly stipulated that the agreement is binding for a longer time, the contract expires at the end of one year. Every agreement should state most distinctly the time within which its conditions are to be complied with. A discovery of fraud, or mis representation by one party to the agreement, or changing of the date, renders the contract void. Each party should retain a copy of the agreement. 196 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. GENEEAL FOEM OF AGEEEMENT. This Ageeement, made the third day of November, 1878, between Damon Clarke of Macomb, county of McDonough, State of Illinois, of the first part, and William "Hays, of the same place, of the second part. Witnesseth, That the said Damon Clarke, in consideration of the agreement of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts, and agrees to, and with the said William Hays, that he will deliver in good and marketable condition, at the city of Gales- burg, 111., during the month of December of this year, niDe hun dred bushels of corn, in the following lots, and at the following specified times, namely: one hundred bushels by the fifth of Decem ber, three hundred bushels by the fifteenth of December, and the balance by the thirtieth of December. And the said William Hays in consideration of the prompt ful fillment of this contract on the part of the party of the second part, contracts to, and agrees with the said Damon Clarke, to pay for said corn fifty cents per bushel as soon as delivered.' In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is hereby stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other, one hundred dollars, as fixed and settled damages. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first above written : Damon Claeke, William Hays. NOTES. A note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and time of payment are mentioned. The following is a good form : $100 . Chicago, III., May 1, 1879. Thirty days after date I promise to pay F. M. Chapmans or order, one hundred dollars, for value received. S. T. Lewis. To make a note payable in anything else than money, insert the facts instead of the buiu of money alone; unless paid when due, it is payable in money. To hold an indorser of a note, due diligence must be used by suit in collecting of the maker, unless suit would have been unavailing. Notes payable to person named or to order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payer. Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of pay ment unless otherwise expressed. The limit of time in which action may be brought on a note is 10 years. DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 197 If the note is payable to a person or order, or to a person or bearer, to a person or his assigns, or to a cashier of an incorporated company, such notes are negotiable. When transferring a note, the indorser frees himself from respon sibility, so far as the payment is concerned, by writing on the back, above his signature, without recourse to me in any event. A note is void when founded upon fraud. Thus a note obtained from a person when intoxicated, or obtained for any reason which is illegal, cannot be collected. A note given on Sunday is also void. No defense can be made against negotiable paper purchased before maturity for good consideration in the usual course of busi ness, without knowledge of facts impeaching its validity, except fraud was used in obtaining the same. Thus if A gives his note to B for $150, receives in consideration a shawl and five pieces of cloth. The former was represented to be worth $75, and the cloth the best imported English goods. When, in fact, the shawl was only worth $8, and suits made of the cloth wore out in less than six weeks, long before the note was due. B, however, had sold the note to C, who did not know the circumstances, and before it was due — A would be obliged to pay it. JUDGMENT NOTE. For value received I promise to pay Ewing Summers, of Gales- burg, or order, two hundred dollars, with interest, on the first day of January next. And, further, I do hereby empower any attorney of any court of record in Illinois, or elsewhere, to appear for me, and after a declaration filed therefor, to confess a judgment against me in the above sum, as of last, next, or any subsequent term, with cost of suit, release of error, etc., with stay of execution until said first day of January. Witness my hand arid seal at Galesburg, 111., this sixth day of March, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine. [seal] John Jones. INTEREST. Interest is the compensation which is paid by the borrower of money to the lender for its use. When the debtor expressly under takes to pay interest, he is bound to pay it; but if a party has accepted the principal, he cannot recover interest in a separate action. During the course of dealings between parties, a promise to pay is implied, and the debtor is bound to pay. So also on an 198 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. account stated, whenever the debtor knows precisely what he is to pay, and when he is to pay it; after a demand pi payment; but interest is not due on a running account, even when the items are all on one side, unless otherwise agreed upon. Where the terms of a promissory note are that it shall be paid by installments, and on the failure of any installment the whole is to become due, interest on the whole becomes payable from the first default. Where, by the term of a bond or promissory note, interest is to be paid annu ally, and the principal at a distant day, the interest may be recov ered before the principal is due. Interest is collectible in the following cases: For goods sold and delivered after the stipulated term of credit has expired ; if there be no credit, then from the time of sale; on judgment debts, from the rendition of judgment; on money obtained by fraud, or where ii has been wrongfully "detained (for whoever receives money not his own, and detains it from the owner unlawfully, must pay interest therefor: hence a public officer retaining money wrongfully is lia ble for the interest); on money paid by mistake, or recovered on a void execution; on money lent or laid out for another's use; and rent, from the time that it is due. When the rate of interest is specified in any contract, that rate continues until full payment is made. A debt barred by the statute of limitations and revived by an acknowledgment bears interest for the whole time. Computing Interest. — In casting interest on notes, bonds, etc., upon which partial payments have been made, every payment is to be first applied to discharge the interest; but the interest is never allowed to form a part of the principal, so as to carry interest. When a partial payment is made before the debt is due, it cannot be apportioned part to the debt and part to the interest, but at the end interest shall be charged on the whole sum, and the obligor shall receive credit for the interest on the amount paid until the interest becomes due. The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree in writing on a rate not exceeding eight per cent. If a rate of interest greater than eight per cent, is contracted for, the penalty is a for feiture of the entire interest, and only the principal can be recovered. In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 199 month shall be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes bear interest only when so expressed; but after due they draw the legal interest, six per cent., even if not stated. Notes payable on demand or at sight draw no interest until after presentation or demand of the same has been made, unless they provide forinterest from date on their face. If "with interest" is included in the note, it draws the legal rate from the time it is made. If the note is to draw a special rate' of interest, higher than the legal, but not higher than the law allows, the rate must be specified. ' ' WILLS. The legal declaration of a person's mind, determining the man ner in which he would have his property or estate disposed of after his death, is termed a will. No exact form of words is necessary in order to make a will good at law, though much care should be exercised to state the provisions of the will so plainly that its lan guage may not be misunderstood. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age of eighteen years, of sound mind, can make a valid" will. It must be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and by his or her direction, and attested by two or more credible witnesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. The person making the will may appoint his or her executors ; but no person can serve as such executor if he or she be an alien at the time of proving the will, if he be under twenty-one years ot age, a convict, a drunkard, a lunatic, or an imbecile. Persons knowing themselves to have been appointed executors, must, withiu thirty days after the death of deceased, cause the will to be proved and recorded in the proper county, or present it and refuse to accept. In case of failure to do so, they are liable to for feit the sum of twenty dollars per month. Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within three months from date of let ters testamentary or administration. The person making a will is termed the "testator" (if a female, the " testatrix "). A will is of no force and effect until the death of the testator, 200 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. and can be cancelled or modified at any date by the maker. The last will made annuls the force of all preceding wills. A will made by an unmarried woman is legally revoked by mar riage; but she can take suclr legal steps in the settlement of her property before marriage as will empower her to dispose of the same as she may choose after marriage. No husband can make a will that will deprive the wife of her right of dower in the prop erty; but the husband can will the wife a certain amount in lieu of her dower, stating it to be in lieu thereof. Such bequest, however, will not exclude her from her dower, provided she prefers it to the bequest made in the will. Unless the husband, states distinctly that the bequest is in lieu of dower, she is entitled to both. In case a married woman possesses property and dies without a will, her husband is entitled to administer upon such property in preference to any one else, provided he be of sound mind. Notice requiring all claims to be presented against the estate shall be given by the administrator within six months after being qualified. Any person having a claim and not presenting it at the time fixed by said notice, is required to have summons issued noti fying the executor of having filed his claim in court. Claims should be filed within two years from the time administration is granted on an estate, as after that time they are forever barred, unless other estate be found that was not inventoried. Married women, infants, persons insane, imprisoned, or without the United States, in the employment of the United States, or of this State, have two years after their disabilities are removed to file claims. Claims are classified and paid out of the estate in the fol lowing manner: 1st. Funeral expenses. 2d. The widow's award, if there is a widow; or children, if there are children and no widow. 3d. Expenses attending the last illness, not including the physi cian's bill. 4th. Debts due the common school or township fund. 5 th. All expenses of proving the will and taking out letters testamentary or of administration, and settlement of the estate and the physician's bill in the last illness of the deceased. 6th. Where the deceased has received money in trust for any purpose, his executor or administrator shall pay out of his estate the amount received and not accounted for. , DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 201 7th. All other debts and demands of whatsoever kind, without regard to quality or dignity, which shall be exhibited to the court within two years from the granting of letters. Award to the widow and children, exclusive of debts and legacies or bequests, except funeral expenses: 1st. The family pictures and wearing apparel, jewels and orna ments of herself and minor children. 2d. School books and the family library to the value of $100. 3d. One sewing-machine. 4th. Necessary beds, bedsteads and bedding for herself and family. 5th. The stoves and pipe used in the family, with the necessary cooking utensils; or, in case they have none, $50 in money. 6th. Household and kitchen furniture to the value of $100. 7th. One milch cow and calf for every four members of her family. 8th. Two sheep for each member of her family, and the fleeces taken from the same, aiid one horse, saddle and bridle. 9th. Provisions for herself and family for one year. 10th. Food for the stock above specified for six months. 11th. Fuel for herself and family for three months. 12th. One hundred dollars' worth of other property suited to her condition in life, to be selected by the widow. The widow, if she elects, may have in lieu of the said award, the same personal property or money in place thereof as is or may be exempt from execution or attachment against the head of a family. GENEEAL FOEM OF WILL FOE EEAL AND PEESONAL PEOPEETY. I, Samuel T. Lewis, of the city of Chicago, county of Cook, State of Illinois, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing health, but of sound mind and memory, do make and declare this to be my last wiil and testament, in manner following, to-wit: First. I give, devise and bequeath to my oldest son, Franklin M. Lewis, the sum of Four Thousand dollars of bank stock, now in the First National Bank, Chicago, Illinois, and the farm owned by myself, in Ontario township, Knox county, Illinois, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with all the houses, tenements, and improvements thereunto belonging; to have and to hold unto my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever. Second. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my daughters, Lida Louan Lewis, and Fannie Antionette Lewis, each two thousand 202 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. dollars in bank stock, in the First National Bank of Chicago, Illinois, and also each one quarter section of land, owned by myself, situ ated in the town of Delavan, Tazewell county, Illinois, and recorded in my name in the Recorder's office of said county. The north one hundred and sixty acres of said half section is devised to my elder daughter Lida Louan. Third. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Fred Davis Lewis, five shares of railroad stock, in the C, B. & Q. Railroad, and my own one hundred and sixty acres of land and saw-mill thereon, situated in Astoria, Illinois, with all the improvements and appurtenances thereunto belonging, which said real estate is re corded in my name, in the county where situated. Fourth. I give to my wife, Tryphena Lewis, all my household furniture, goods, chattels, and personal property, about my house, not hitherto disposed of, including ten thousand dollars in bank stock, in the First National Bank of Chicago, Illinois, fifteen shares in the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefits of the home farm, so long as she may live, in lieu of dower, to which she is entitled by law; said farm being my present place of residence. Fifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Samuel T. Lewis, Sr., the income from the rents of my store building, at Canton, Illinois, during the term of his natural life. Said building and land there with revert to my said sons and daughters in equal proportions, upon the demise of my said father. Sixth. It is also my will and desire, that at the death of my wife, Tryphena Lewis, or at any time she may arrange to relinquish her life interest in the above mentioned homestead, the same may revert to my above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. And, Lastly. I appoint as executors of this, my last will and testament, my wife Tryphena Lewis, and my eldest son, Franklin M. Lewis. I further direct that my debts and necessary funeral expenses shall be paid from moneys now on deposit in the First National Bank, Pekin, Illinois, the residue of such moneys to revert to my wife, Tryphena Lewis, for her use forever. In witness thereof, I, Samuel T. Lewis, to this, my last will and testament, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this third day of March, eighteen hundred and seventy. [L. S.] Samuel T. Lewis. Signed, sealed and delivered by Samuel T. Lewis, as and for his last will and testament, in the presence of us, who, at his request, and in his presence; and in the presence of each other, have sub scribed our names hereunto as witnesses thereof. Fred D. Selleck, Chicago, Illinois. Erastus Child, Oneida, Illinois. DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 203 CODICIL. Whereas, I, Samuel T. Lewis, did, on the third day of March, one thousand eight hundred and seventy, make my last will and testament, I do now, by this writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as a part thereof. Whereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter Lida Louan, has deceased, November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy- four, and, whereas, a son has been born to me, which son is now christened Charles Burchard Lewis, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all right, interest y and title in lands and bank stock and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter Lida Louan, in the body of this will In witness thereof, I hereunto set my hand and seal, this fifth day of March, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine. [L. S.] ; Samuel T. Lewis. Signed, sealed, published and declared to us by the testator, Samuel T. Lewis, as and for a codicil, to be annexed to his last will and testament. And we, at his request, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof. Erastus Child, Oneida, 111. E. C. Johnson, Chicago, 111. DESCENT. When no will is made, the property of a deceased person is dis tributed as follows: First. To his or her children and their descendants, in equal parts; the descendants of the deceased child or grand child taking the share of their deceased parents, in equal parts among them. Second. Where there is no child, no descendant of such child, and no widow or surviving husband, then to the parents, brothers and sisters of the deceased, and their descendants, in equal parts, the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking a double portion; and if there'is no parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descendants. Third. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or children, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the real estate and the whole of the personal estate shall descend to such widow or surviving husband, absolutely, and the other half of the real estate shall descend as in other cases where there is no child or children, or descendants of the same. Fourth. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and also 204 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. a child or children, or descendants of the latter, then one-third of all personal estate to the widow or surviving husband, absolutely. Fifth. If there be no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, then in equal parts to the next of kin to the intestate in equal degree. Collaterals shall not be represented except with the descendants of brother and sister of the intestate, and there shall be no distinction between kindred of the whole and the half-blood. Sixth. If any intestate leaves a widow or surviving husband and no kindred, then to such widow or surviving husband; and if there is no such widow or surviving husband, it shall escheat to and invest in the county where the same or the greater portion thereof is situated. DEEDS. A deed is a sealed instrument in writing, conveying lands and appurtenances thereon from one person to another, and special care should be taken to have them signed, sealed, delivered and properly acknowledged, with the proper seal attached. Witnesses are not necessary. The law in this State provides that an acknowledg ment must be made before certain persons authorized to take the same. These officers are: Master in Chancery, Notary Public Circuit or County Clerk, Justice of the Peace. United States Com missioner, or any Court of Record having a seal, or any JudgeT Justice or Clerk of any such court. The instrument shall be attested by the official seal of the officer taking the acknowledg ment, and when taken by a Justice of the Peace residing out of the county where the real estate to be conveyed lies, there shall be added a certificate of the County Clerk under his seal of office, that he was a Justice of the Peace in the county at the time of taking the same. A deed is good without such certificate attached, but cannot be used in evidence unless such a certificate is produced or other competent evidence introduced. Acknowledgments made out of the State must either be executed according to the laws of this State, or there should be attached a certificate that is in conform ity with the laws of the State or country where executed. Where this is not done the same may be proved by any other legal way. Acknowledgments where the Homestead rights are to be waived must state as follows: " Including the release and waiver of the right of homestead." DK1IMT OK HTATi; LAWS. 205 To render a deed valid, there must be a sufficient consideration. To enable a person to legally convey property to another, the fol lowing requisites aro necessary: 1st, he or she must be of age; 2d, must be of mine mind; and, 3d, ho or she must be tho rightful owner of tho property Any alterations or interlineations in the deed should be noted at the bottom of the instrument, mid properly witnessed. After the acknowledgment of a deed, the parties have no right to make the slightest alterations. An alteration after the acknowledgment in favor of tho grantee vitiates tho deed. Tho maker of a deed is called the "grantor," tho person or party to whom the deed is delivered, tho "grantee." Tho wife of tho grantor must ackowl- edge the deed, or else, after tho death of her husband, she will be entitled to one-thinl interest in tho property, as dower, during her life. Her acknowledgment of tho deed must be of her own free will and accord. By a general warranty deed tho grantor engages to secure the grantee in any right or possession to tho property convoyed against all persons whatsoever. A quit-claim deed releases what interest the grantor may have in the land, but does not warrant and defend against others. We do not give form for a deed, as printed forms aro used by all. Deeds should bo recorded without delay. MORTGAGES AND TRUST DEEDS Aro conditional conveyances of estates or property by way of pledge for tho security of debt, and to become void on payment of it. Special care should be taken to have them signed, sealed^ delivered, and properly acknowledged, with the proper seal attached. All kinds of property, real or personal, which are capable of an absolute sale, may be the subjoct of a mortgage Mortgages of personal property need not bo under seal. In the absence of stipulation to the contrary, the mortgagee of personal property has the legal titlo thereto, and the right of possession, and he may have an action against, any one taking them from the mort gagor. And although the mortgage contains no express stipulation that the mortgagor shall remain in possession until default of pay ment', and with a power to sell for the mortgagee's debt, tho mort gagee may nevertheless sustain trover against an officer attaching tho goods ns the property of the mortgagor. 206 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. A mortgage must be in writing when it is intended to convey the legal title. It must be in one single deed which contains the whole contract. Redemption must be made within one year from the sale. Where, however, the mortgagee takes the property for an absolute discharge of the debt, then the equity or right of redemption is barred. Satisfaction, or release of a mortgage, may be made on the margin of the record, or by an instrument duly acknowledged. The wife need not join in this release. TRUST DEEDS. Trust deeds are taken generally in preference to mortgages, especially by non-residents, for in case of foreclosure under the power of sale there can be no redemption. Advertisement, sale, and deed is made by the trustee. Mortgages of personal property, or chattel mortgages, can be given for a period of only two years, and cannot be renewed or extended. Acknowledgment may be had before a Justice of the Peace of the town or district in which the mortgagor resides. If the mortgagor is a non-resident, then before any officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments. Foreclosures may be effected upon default, and possession, and sale of the property taken and made; any delay will invalidate the mortgagee's lien. LIENS. Any person who shall by contract, expressed or implied, or partly both, with the owner of any lot or tract of land, furnish labor or material, or services as an architect or superintendent, in building, altering, repairing, or ornamenting any house, or other building or appurtenance thereto on such lot, or upon any street or alley, and connected with such improvements, shall have a lien upon the whole of such lot or tract of land, and upon such house or building and appurtenances for the amount due him for labor, material or services. If the contract is expressed, and the time for the completion of the work is beyond three years from the com mencement thereof; or, if the time of payment is beyond one year from the time stipulated for the completion of the work, then no lien exists. If the contract is implied, then no lien exists, unless the work be done, or material furnished, within one year from the commencement of the work or delivery of the material. As DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 207 between different creditors having liens, no preference is given to the one whose contract was made first; but each shares pro rata. Incumbrances existing upon the lot or tract of the land at the time the contract is made do not operate on the improvements, and are only preferred to the extent of the value of the land at the time of making the contract. The above lien cannot be enforced unless suit is commenced within six months after the last payment for labor or materials shall have become due and payable. Sub-con tractors, mechanics, workmen, and other persons furnishing any material, or performing any labor for a contractor, as above speci fied, have a lien to the extent of the amount due the contractor at the time the following notice was served upon the owner of ^he land who made the contract: To : You are hereby notified that I have been employed by [here state whether to labor or to furnish material, and substantially the nature of the demand] upon your [here state in general terms description and situation of building], and that I snail hold the [building, or as the case may be], and your interest in the ground liable for the amount that may [is or may become] due me on account thereof. [Signature] . Dated, — . If there is a contract in writing between contractor and sub-con tractor, a copy of it should be served with the above notice, and such notice must be served within forty days from the completion of such sub-contract, if there is one; if not, then from the time pay ment should have been made to the person performing the labor or furnishing the material. If the owner is not a resident of the county, or cannot be found therein, then the above notice must be filed with the Clerk of the Circuit Court, with his fee, fifty cents, and a copy of such notice must be published in a newspaper pub lished in the county for four successive weeks. When the owner or agent is notified as above he can retain any money due the contractor sufficient to pay such claim ; if more than one claim, and not enough to pay all, they are to be paid pro rata. The owner has a right to demand in writing a statement of the contractor, of what he owes for labor, etc., from time to time as the work progresses. The' liens referred to cover any and all estates, whether in fee for 208 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. life, for years, or any other interest which the owner may have. To enforce the liens of sub-contractors, suit must be commenced within three months from the time of the performance of the sub contract, or during the work or furnishing materials. Hotel, inn and boarding -house keepers have a lien upon the baggage and other valuables of their guests or boarders brought into such hotel, inn, or boarding-house, by their guests or boarders for the proper charges due from such guests or boarders for their accommodation, board and lodging, and such extras as are furnished at their request. Stable-keepers and other persons have a lien upon the horses, carriages and harness kept by them for the proper charges due for the keeping thereof, and expenses bestowed thereon at the request of the owner, or the person having the possession of the same. Agisters (persons who take care of cattle belonging to others) and persons keeping, yarding, feeding, or pasturing domestic ani mals shall have a lien upon the animals agistered, kept, yarded or fed for the proper charges due for such service. All persons who may furnish any railroad corporation in this State with fuel, ties, material, supplies, or any other article or thing necessary for the construction, maintenance, operation or repair of its road by contract, or may perform work or labor for the same, are entitled to be paid as part of the current expenses of the rOad, and have a lien upon all its property. Sub-contractors or laborers have also a lien. The conditions and limitations, both as to contractors and to sub-contractors, are about the same as herein stated, as to general liens. BILL OF SALE. A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party for a con sideration to convey his right and interest in the personal property. The purchaser must take actual possession of the property. Juries have power to determine upon the fairness or unfairness of a bill of sale. common foem of bill of sale. Know All Men by this instrument, that I, B. F. Lewis, of Chi cago, Illinois, of the first part, for and in consideration of six hun dred and fifty dollars, to me paid by Columbus C. Chapman, Astoria, Illinois, of the second part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do convey unto I DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 209 the said Chapman, party of the second part, his executors, admin- istrators, and assigns, my undivided half of ten acres of corn on my farm in the town of Deer Creek, Illinois ; one pair of horses, twenty sheep, and five cows, belonging to me, and in my possession at the farm aforesaid; to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his executors and assigns, forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives, agree with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to warrant and defend the sale of the aforementioned property and chattels unto the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, against all and every person whatsoever. In witness whereof I have hereunto affixed my hand this tenth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine. B. F. Lewis. DAYS OF GRACE. No check, draft, bill of exchange, promissory note, order, or negotiable instrument, payable at sight or on demand, or on pre sentment, shall be entitled to days of grace. All other bills of exchange, drafts or notes are entitled to three days of grace. All the above-mentioned paper falling due on Sunday, New Year's day, Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed or recommended by the President of the United States or Governor of the State as a day of fasting or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day previous ; and should two or more of these days come together, then such instrument shall be treated as due on the day previous to the first of said days. LIMITATION OF ACTION. The limit of time in which action may be brought on certain things is as follows: Open accounts, five years; notes and written contracts, ten years; judgments, twenty years; partial payments or new promise in writing, within or after said period, will revive the debt; absence from the State deducted, and when the cause of action is barred by the law of another State, it has the same effect here; assault, slander, libel, replevin, one year; personal injuries, two years; to recover land or make entry thereon, twenty years; and sealed and witnessed instruments, as action to foreclose mortgage or trust deed, within ten years. All persons in possession of land, and paying taxes for seven consecutive years, with color of title, and all persons paying taxes for seven consecutive years, with color of title, on vacant land, 'shall be held to be the legal owners to the extent of their paper title. 210 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. RECEIPTS. Receipts should always state when received -and what for; and if receipt is in full it should be so stated. We give two forms : FOE MONEY ON ACCOUNT. Received, Knoxville, 111., Nov. 10, 1878, of J. C. Cover, sixty dollars on account. $60. J. H. Feanklin. FOE MONEY ADVANCED ON A CONTEACT. $100. Galesbueg, III., June 9, 1868. Received of Fernando Ross, one hundred dollars, in advance, on contract to build for him a brick house at No. 76 Kellogg street. Samuel J. Chapman. EXEMPTIONS FROM FORCED SALES. The following personal property and home worth $1,000, — Lot of ground and buildings thereon, occupied as a residence by the debtor, being a householder and having a family, to the value of $1,000. Exemption continues after the death of the householder for the benefit of the widow and family, some of them occupying the homestead until the youngest shall become twenty-one years of age, and until the death of the widow. There is no exemption from sale for taxes, assessments, debt or liability incurred for the purchase or improvement of said homestead. No release or waiver of exemption is valid unless in writing and subscribed by such householder and wife (if he has one), and acknowledged as conveyances of real estate are required to be acknowledged. The following articles of personal property owned by the debtor are exempt from execution, writ of attachment, and distress for rent: The necessary wearing apparel, Bibles, school-books and family pic tures of every person; and one hundred dollars'worth of other prop erty, to be selected by the debtor, and in addition, when the debtor is the head of a family and resides with the same, three hundred dol lars' worth of other property to be selected by the debtor, — provided that such selection and exemption shall not be made by the debtor or allowed to him or her from any money, salary or wages due him or her from any person or persons or corporations whatever. When the head of the family dies, deserts, or does not reside with the same, the family shall be entitled to and receive all the benefit and priv ilege which are by this act conferred upon the head of a family residing with the same. No personal property is exempt from exe- DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 211 cution when judgment is obtained for the wages of laborers or ser vants. Wages of a laborer who is the head of a family cannot be garnisheed except for the sum due him in excess of $25. LANDLORDS AND TENANTS. The principal obligation on the part of a landlord, which is in fact always to be implied as a necessary condition to his receiving any rent, is, that the tenant shall enjoy the quiet possession of the premises, — which means, substantially, that he shall not be turned out of possession of the whole or any material part of the premises by any one having a title paramount to that of the landlord, or that the landlord shall not himself disturb or render his occupation un comfortable by the erection of a nuisance on or near the premises, or otherwise oblige him to quit possession. But if he be ousted by a stranger, — that is, by one having no title, — or after the rent has fallen due, or if the molestation proceeds from acts of a third person, the landload is in neither case responsible for it. Another obligation which the law imposes on the landlord, in the absence of any ex press stipulation in the lease, is the payment of all taxes chargeable upon the property, or any ground rents or interest upon mortgages to which it may be subject. Every landlord is bound to protect his tenant against all paramount claims. And if a tenant is compelled, in order to protect himself in the enjoyment of the land in respect of which his rent is payable, to make payment which ought, as be tween himself and his landlord, to have been made by the latter, he may call upon the landlord to reimburse him, or he may deduct such payment from the rent due or to become due. But the land lord is under no obligation to make repairs, or to rebuild in case the premises should be burned; nor does he guaranty that they are reasonably fit for the purpose for which they are taken. And it is not in the power of a tenant to make repairs at the expense of his landlord, unless there be a special agreement between them author izing him to do so ; for the tenant takes the premises for better or worse, and cannot involve the landlord in expense for repairs without his consent. Even if the premises have become uninhabitable by fire, and the landlord, having insured them, has recovered the insurance money, the tenant cannot compel him to expend the money so recovered in rebuilding, unless he has expressly engaged to do so ; nor can he in such an event protect himself from the payment of rent during the unexpired balance of the term, unless exempted 212 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. therefrom by statute or the terms of the lease. The uninhabit- ableness of a house is not a good defense to an action for rent. If the landlord expressly covenanted to repair, the tenant cannot quit and discharge himself of rent because the repairs are not made, un less there is a provision to that effect; and if a landlord is bound by custom or by express agreement to repair, this obligation, and the obligation of the tenant to pay rent, are independent of each other, so that the refusal or neglect of the landlord to repair is no answer to a demand for rent. The tenant is answerable for any neglect to repair highways, fences, or party walls. He is also liable for all injuries produced by the mismanagement of his 'servants, or by a nuisance kept upon the premises, or by an obstruction of the high ways adjacent to them, or the like. One of the principal obligations which the law imposes upon every tenant, independent of any agree ment, is to treat the premises in such a manner that no substantial injury shall be done to them, and so that they may revert to the landlord at the end of the term unimpaired by any willful or negli gent conduct on his part. A tenancy from year to year requires sixty days' notice in writing to terminate the same at the end of the year; such notice can be given at any time within four months preceding the last sixty days of the year. A tenancy by the month, or less than a year, where the tenant holds over without any special agreement, the landlord may termi nate the tenancy by thirty days' notice in writing. When rent is due, the landlord may serve a notice upon the ten ant, stating that unless the rent is paid within not less than five days, his lease will be terminated; if the rent is not paid, the land lord may consider the lease ended. When a default is made in any of the terms of the lease, it shall not be necessary to give more than ten days' notice to quit or of the termination of such tenancy; and the same may be terminated on giving such notice to quit, at any time after such default in any of the terms of such lease; which notice may be substantially in the following form : To , You are hereby notified that, in consequence of your default [here insert the character of the default], of the premises now occupied by you, being, etc., [here describe the premises], I have elected to determine your lease, and you are hereby notified to quit and deliver up possession of the same to me within ten days of this date [dated, etc]. DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 213 The above to be signed by the lessor or his agent, and no other notice or demand of possession or termination of such tenancy is necessary. Demand may be made or notice served by delivering a written or printed, or partly either, copy thereof to the tenant, or leaving the 6ame with some person above the age of twelve years, residing on or in possession of the premises ; and in case no one is in actual possession of said premises, then by posting the same on the prem ises. When the tenancy is for a certain time, and the term expires by the terms of the lease, the tenant is then bound to surrender possession, and no notice to quit or demand possession is necessary. DISTEESS FOE EENT. In all cases of distress for rent, the landlord, by himself, his agent or his attorney, may seize for rent any personal property of his ten ant that may be found in the county where the tenant resides. The property of any other person, even if found on the premises, is not liable. An inventory of the property levied upon, with a statement of the amount of rent claimed, should be at once filed with some Justice of the Peace, if not over $200; and if above that sum, with the Clerk of a Court of Record of competent jurisdiction. Property may be released by a party executing a satisfactory bond for double the amount. The landlord may distrain for rent any time within six months after the expiration of the term of lease, or when terminated. In all cases where the premises rented shall be sub-let, or the lease assigned, the landlord shall have the same right to enforce lien against such lessee or assignee, that he has against the tenant to whom the premises were rented. When a tenant abandons or removes from the premises, or any part thereof, the landlord, or his agent or his attorney may seize upon any grain or crops grown or growing upon the premises, or part thereof so abandoned, whether the rent is due or not. If such grain or other crops, or any part thereof, is not fully grown or matured, the landlord, or his agent or attorney shall cause the same to be properly cultivated, harvested or gathered, and may sell the same, and from the proceeds pay all his labor, expenses and rent. The tenant may, before the sale of such property, redeem the same 214 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. by tendering the rent and reasonable compensation for the work done, or he may replevy the same. EXEMPTION. The same articles of personal property which are by law exempt from execution, except the crops, as above mentioned, are also exempt from distress for rent. If any tenant is about to, or shall permit, or attempt to sell or remove from the premises, without the consent of his landlord, such portion of the crops raised thereon as will endanger the lien of the landlord upon such crops, for the rent, it shall be lawful for the landlord to distress before rent is due. CRIMINAL LAW Is that branch of jurisprudence which treats of criminal offenses. The extreme importance of a knowledge of criminal law is self- evident; for a mistake in point of law, which every person of dis cretion not only may know, but is bound and presumed to know, is in criminal cases no defense. This law is administered upon the principle that every one must be taken conclusively to know it, without proof that he does know it. This doctrine has been carried so far as to include the case of a foreigner charged with a crime which was no offense in his own country. And further, the criminal law, whether common or statute, is imperative with refer ence to the conduct of individuals; so that, if a statute forbids or commands a thing to be done, all acts or omissions contrary to the prohibition or command of the statute are offenses at common law, and ordinarily indictable as such. When a statute punishes a crime by its legal designation without enumerating the acts which constitute it, then it is necessary to resort to the common law for a definition of the crime with its distinctions and qualifications. So» if an act is made criminal, but no mode of prosecution is directed or no punishment provided, the common law (in the absence of a statute to the contrary) furnishes its aid, prescribing the mode of prosecution by indictment, and its mode of punishment by fine and inprisonment. So far, therefore, as the rules and principles of com mon law are applicable to the administration of the criminal law, and have net been altered or modified by legislation or judicial decisions, they have the same force and effect as laws finally enacted. DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 215 The following are some of the leading principles of the criminal law: 1. Every man is presumed to be innocent till the contrary is shown; and if there is any reasonable doubt of his guilt, he is en titled to the benefit of the doubt. 2. In general, no person can be brought to trial till a grand j/ury on examination of the charge has found reason to hold him to trial. 3. The prisoner is entitled to trial by a jury of his peers, who are chosen from the body of the people with a view to impartiality, and whose decision on questions of facts is final. 4. The question of his guilt is to be determined without reference to his general character, previous history, or habits of life. 5. The prisoner cannot be required to criminate himself, nor be compelled even to exculpate himself by giving his own testimony on trial. 6. He cannot be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense. 7. He cannot be punished for an act which was not an offense by the law existing at the time of its commission; nor can a serverer punishment be inflicted than was declared by the law at the time of its commission. Crimes are sometimes classified according to the degree of pun ishment incurred by their commission. They are more generally arranged according to the nature of the offense. The following is, perhaps, as complete a classification as the subject admits: I. Offenses against the sovereignty of the State — 1, treason; 2 misprision of treason. II. Offenses against the lives and persons of individuals — 1, murder; 2, manslaughter; 3, attempt to kill or murder; 4, may hem; 5, rape ; 6, robbery; 7, kidnapping; 8, false imprisonment; 9, abduction; 10, assault and battery. III. Offenses against public property — 1, burning or destroying public property, 2, injury to same. IV. Offenses against private property — 1, arson; 2, burglary; 3, larceny; 4, obtaining goods under false pretenses; 5, embezzle ment ; 6, malicious mischief. V. Offenses against public justice — 1, perjury; 2, bribery; 3, destroying public records; 4, counterfeiting public seals ; 5, jail breach; 6, escape; 7, resistance to officers; 8, obstructing legal process; 9, barratry; 10, maintenance; 11, champerty; 12, con- 216 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. tempt of court; 13, oppression; 14, extortion; 15, suppression of evidence; 16, compounding felony; 17, misprision of felony. YI. Offenses against the public peace — 1, challenging or accept ing a challenge to a duel; 2, unlawful assembly; 3, rows; 4, riot; 5, breach of the peace ; 6, libel. VII. Offenses against chastity — 1, sodomy; 2, bestiality; 3, adultery; 4, incest; 5, bigamy7; 6, seduction; 7, fornication; 8, lascivious carriage; 9, keeping and frequenting houses of ill-fame. VIII. Offenses against public policy — 1, false currency; 2, lot teries; 3, gambling; 4, immoral shows; 5, violation of the right of suffrage; 6, destruction of game, fish, etc.; 7, nuisance. IX. Ofenses against the currency, and public and private securities — 1, forgery; 2, counterfeiting; 3, passing counterfeit money. X. Offenses against religion and morality — 1, blasphemy; 2, profanity; 3, Sabbath-breaking; 4, obscenity; 5, cruelty to ani mals; 6, drunkenness; 7, promoting intemperance. XI. Offenses against the public, individuals, or their property — 1, conspiracy. TAXES. The owners of real and personal property, on the first day of March of each year, are liable for taxes thereon. Assessments should be completed before the fourth Monday in June, at which time the Town Board of Review meets to examine assessments, hear objections, and make such changes as ought to be made. The County Board have also power to correct or change assessments. The tax-books are placed in the hands of the Town Collector on or before the tenth day of December, who retains them until the tenth day of March following, when he is required to return them to the County Treasurer, who then collects all delinquent taxes. No costs accrue on real estate taxes until advertised, which takes place on the first day of April, when three weeks' notice is required before judgment. Cost of advertising, twenty cents each tract of land, and ten cents each lot. Judgment is usually obtained at the May term of County Court. Costs six cents . each tract of land, and five cents each lot. Sale takes place in June. Costs, in addition to those mentioned, twen- DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 217 ty-eight cents each tract of land, and twenty-seven cents each town lot. Real estate sold for taxes may be redeemed any time before the expiration of two years from the date of sale by payment to the County Clerk of the amount for which it was sold, and twenty-five per cent, thereon if redeemed within six months, fifty per cent, if redeemed between six and twelve months; if between twelve and eighteen months, seventy-five per cent., and if between eighteen months and two years, one hundred per cent. ; and, in addition, all subsequent taxes paid by the purchaser, with ten per cent, interest thereon; also, one dollar each tract, if notice is given by the pur chaser of the sale, and a fee of twenty-five cents to the Clerk for his certificate. SUBSCRIPTION. The selling of books by subscription is so frequently brought into disrepute by agents making representations not authorized by the publishers, that the public are often swindled. That there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to their principal, and the law governing such cases, we give the following rules, which, if followed, will save a great deal of trouble and perhaps serious loss. A subscription is the placing of a signature below a written or printed engagement. It is the act by which a person contracts, in writing, to furnish a sum of money for a particular purpose: as, a subscription to a charitable institution, a subscription for a book, and the like. In the case of a book, the consideration is concur rent that the publisher shall publish the book named, and deliver the same, Ifor which the subscriber is to pay the price named. The prospectus and sample should be carefully examined before sub scribing, as they are the basis and consideration of the promise to pay, and not the too often exaggerated statements of the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions, for which he usually receives a commission for each subscriber, and has no authority to change or alter the conditions upon which the sub scriptions are authorized to be made by the publishers. Should the agent assume to agree to make the subscription conditional, or modify or change the agreement of the publisher, as set out by the prospectus and sample, in order to bind the publishers, the 218 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. subscriber should see that such condition or change is stated over, or in connection with his signature, so the publishers may have notice of the same. When several persons promise to contribute to a common object, desired by all, the promise of each may be a good consideration for the promise of others. In general subscriptions on certain condi tions in favor of the party subscribing, are binding when the acts stipulated are performed. Subscription is in the nature of a con tract of mutual promises. All persons should remember that the law as to written contracts is, that they can not be altered, varied, or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in writing. It as therefore important that all persons contemplating subscribing ¦should distinctly understand that all talk before or after the sub scription is made is not admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract. Persons before signing their names to any subscrip tion book, or any written instrument, should carefully examine what it is; if they cannot read, they should call on some one dis interested who can. Persons who solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can vassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a prescribed mode, and have no authority to do it in any other way to the prejudice of their principal, nor can they bind their principal in any other matter. They can not collect money, or agree that payment may be made in anything else than money. They cannot extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind their principal for payment of expenses incurred in their business. Where you pay money to an agent you should satisfy yourself of his authority to collect money for his employer. CONTRACT FOR PERSONAL SERVICES. When a contract is entire and has been only partially fulfilled, the party in fault may nevertheless recover from the other partv for the actual benefit received and retained by the other partv, less the damages sustained by such other party by reason of the partial non-fulfillment of the contract. This may be done in all cases where the other party has received benefit from the partial fulfill ment of the contract, whether he has so received the same from choice or from the necessities of the case. Where D hired B to work for him for seven months at $15 per month, and B worked DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 219 for D only fifty-nine days, and then quit without any reasonable excuse therefor, it was held that B might nevertheless recover from D for what the work was reasonably worth, less any damage that D may have sustained by reason of the partial non-fulfillment of the contract. NEWSPAPER LIBEL. Allowing the most liberal rule as to the liability of persons in public employment to criticism for their conduct in which the public are interested, there never has been a rule which subjected persons, private or public, to be falsely traduced. No publication is privileged except a bona fide representation, made without malice, to the proper authority, complaining on reasonable grounds. The nearest approach to this license is where the person vilified presents himself before the body of the public as a candidate for an elective office. But even then there is no doctrine which will sub ject him without remedy to every species of malevolent attack. TENDER. If the tender be of money, it can be a defense only when made before the action was brought. A tender does not bar the debt as a payment would, for in general he is bound to pay the sum which he tendered, whenever he is required to do so. But it puts a stop to accruing damages or interest for delay in payment, and saves the defendant costs. It need not be made by the defendant person ally; if made by a third person, at his request, it is sufficient; and if made by a stranger without his knowledge or request, a subse quent assent of the debtor will operate as a ratification of the agency, and make the tender good. Any person may make a valid tender for an idiot. If an agent, furnished with money to make a tender, at his own risk tender more, it is good. So, a tender need not be made to a creditor personally; but it must be made to an agent actually authorized to receive the money. If the money be due to several jointly, it may be tendered to either, but must be pleaded as made to all. The whole sum due must be tendered, as the creditor is not bound to receive a part of his debt. If the tender be of the whole debt, it is valid. If the obligation be in the alternative, one thing or another, as the creditor may choose, the tender should be of both, that he may make his choice. To make a tender of money valid the money must be actually produced, and 220 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. proffered, unless the creditor expressly or impliedly waives this production. The debtor is not bound to count out the money, if he has it and offers it. No conditions must be annexed to the tender, which the creditor can have any good reason whatever for objecting to; as for instance, that he should give a receipt in full of all demands. The tender should be made in money made lawful by the State in which it is offered. Generally, a tender is valid and effectual if made at any time after the debt is due; and a demand made after the tender if for more than the sum tendered, will not avoid the tender. Certainly not, if the demand is for more than the real debt, although the excess was for another debt truly due. Tender of Chattels. — The thing tendered may not be money, but some specific article. If one is bound to deliver chattels at a partic ular time and place, it may not be enough if he has them there; they may be mingled with others of a like kind which he is not to deliver. Or they may need some act of separation, or identifica tion, or completion, before they could become the property of the other party. Generally, if no time or place be specified, the articles are to be delivered where they are at the time of the contract, unless collateral circumstances designate a different place. If the time be fixed, but not the place, then it will be presumed that the deliverer was to bring the articles to the receiver at that time, and for that purpose he must go with the chattels to the residence of the receiver, unless something in their very nature or use, or some other circumstances of equivalent force, distinctly implies that they are to be left at some other place. It may happen, from the cumbrous- ness of the chattels or other circumstances, that it is reasonable and just for the deliverer to ascertain" from the receiver, long enough beforehand, where they shall be delivered ; and then he would be held to this as a legal obligation. So, too, in such a case, the receiver would have a right to designate to the detiner, a reasonable time beforehand, a place of delivery reasonably convenient to both . parties, and the deliverer would be bound by such directions. If no place be indicated, and the deliverer is not in fault in this, he may deliver the chattels to the receiver, in person, at any place which is reasonably convenient. And if the receiver refuses or neglects to appoint any place, or purposely avoids receiving notice of a place, the deliverer may appoint any place, with a reasonable 4 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 221 regard to the convenience of the other party, and there deliver the articles. If the promise be to pay at a certain time, or deliver certain chattels, it is a promise in the alternative; and the alternative belongs to the promisor; he may do either the one or the other, at his election; nor need he make his election until the time when the promise is to be performed; but after that day has passed without election on his part, the promisee has an absolute right to the money, and may bring his action for it. A contract to deliver a certain quantity of merchandise at a certain time means, of course, to deliver the whole then. If by the terms of the contract certain specific articles are to be delivered at a certain time and place in pay ment of an existing debt, this contract is fully discharged and the debt is paid, by a complete and legal tender of the articles at the time and place, although the promisee was not there to receive them; and no action can thereafter be maintained on the contract. But the property in the goods has passed to the creditor, and he may retain them as his own. DRUNKENNESS Is the condition of a person who is under the immediate influence of intoxicating liquors. This condition presents various degrees of intensity, ranging from a simple exhilaration to a state of utter unconsciousness and insensibility. The common law shows but little disposition ' to afford relief, either in civil or criminal cases, from the immediate effects of drunkenness. It has never considered drunkenness alone as a suffi cient reason for invalidating any act. When carried so far as to deprive the party of all consciousness* strong presumption of fraud is raised ; and on that ground courts may interfere. Courts of equity decline to interfere in favor of parties pleading intoxication in the performance of a civil act. The law does, however, recognize two kinds of inculpable drunk enness, viz.: that which is produced by the "unskillfulness of his physician," and that which is produced by the "contrivance of enemies." To this may be added cases where a party drinks no more liquor than he has habitually used without being intoxicated, and which exerts an unusually potent effect on the brain in con sequence of certain pathological conditions. 222 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. MARRIAGE CONTRACT. Marriage is a contract, made in due form of law, by which a man and woman reciprocally engage to live with each other during their joint lives, and to discharge towards each other the duties imposed by law on the relation of husband and wife. The marriage contract is in law a civil contract, to which the consent of the parties is essential. The marriage relation can only be entered into, main tained, and abrogated as provided by law. It is dissolved by death or divorce. A marriage which is valid by the law of the country in which it is contracted, is valid in this State. To make a valid marriage, the parties must be willing to contract, able to contract, and have actually contracted. All persons are able to contract marriage unless they are under the legal age, or unless there be other disability; the age of consent at common law is fourteen in males and twelve in females. When a person under this age mar ries, such person can, when he or she arrives at the age above speci fied, avoid the marriage, or such person or both may, if the other is of legal age, confirm it; if either of the parties is under seven, the marriage is void. If either of the party is non compos mentis or insane, or has a husband or wife living, the marriage is void. The parties must each be willing to marry the other. If eitner party acts under compulsion, or is under duress, the marriage is voidable. The husband is bound to receive his wife at home, and should fur nish \qy with all the necessaries and conveniencies which his for tune enables him to do, and which her situation requires, but this does not include such luxuries as, according to her fancy, she deems necessaries. He is bound to love his wife and bear with her faults, and, if possible, by mild means, to correct them; and he is required to fulfill towards her his marital promise of fidelity. Being the head of the family, the husband has a right to estab lish himself wherever he may please, and in this he cannot be con trolled by his wife; he may manage his affairs in his own way, buy and sell all kinds of personal property, without her control, and he may buy any real estate he may deem proper; but as the wife acquires a right in the latter, he cannot sell it without her consent. A wife is under, obligations to love, honor and obey her husband, and is bound to follow him wherever in the country he may go and establish himself, provided it is not for other causes unreasonable. DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 223 She is under obligation to be faithful in chastity to her marriage vow. A wife has the right to the love and protecting care of her husband ; she has the right to share his bed and board ; she can call upon her husband to provide her with the necessary food and clothing, according to her position in life, and if he neglects or re fuses to do so, she can procure them on his account. MAEEIED WOMEN May bargain, sell, and convey their real and personal property, and enter into contracts with reference to the same. The wife may be the agent of the husband, and transact for him business, making, accepting or endorsing bills or notes, purchasing goods, rendering bills, collecting money and receipting for the same, and in general, entering into any contract so as to bind him, if she has his authority to do so. And while they continue to live together, the law con siders the wife as clothed with authority by the husband to buy for him and his family all things necessary, in kind and quantity, for the proper support of his family; and for such purchases made by her he is liable. The husband is responsible for necessaries sup plied to his wife, if he does not supply them himself, and he continues so liable if he turns her out of his house or otherwise separates himself from her, without good cause. But he is not so liable if she deserts him, (without extreme provocation) or if he turns her away for good cause. If she leaves him because he treats her so ill that she has good right to go from him and his house, this is the same thing as turning her away ; and she carries with her his credit for all necessaries supplied to her. But what the mis conduct must be to give this right, is uncertain. But the law un doubtedly is, that the wife is not obliged to stay and endure cruelty or indecency. It is also held, that if a man lives with a woman as his wife, and represents her to be so, he, is liable for necessaries sup plied to her, and her contracts, in the same way as if she were his wife- The statutes intend to secure to a married woman all her rights. But many women about to marry — or their friends for them — often wish to secure to them certain powers and rights, and to limit these in certain ways or to make sure that their property is in safe and skillful hands. This can only be done by conveying and trans ferring the property to trustees; that is, to certain persons to hold the same in trust. 224 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. , A married woman may sue and be sued. At the death of the husband, in addition to the widow's award, a married woman has a dower interest [one-third] in all real estate owned by her husband after their marriage, and which has not been released by her, 'and the husband has the same interest in the real estate of the wife, after her death. SCHOOL MONTH. NUMBEE OF DAYS IN A SCHOOL MONTH TEACHEES' HOLIDAYS. The law of this State says that a school month shall comprise twenty-two school days, actually taught. It also provides that teachers shall not be required to teach on legal holidays, thanks giving or fast-days, appointed by State or National authority. SCHOOL CHILDEEN's STUDIES. The rulings of courts are that the trustees of a school district may prescribe what studies shall be pursued, and may regulate the classification of the pupils; but that a parent may select, from the branches pursued, those which the child shall study, so long as the exercise of such selection does not interfere with the system pre scribed for the school ; that the child cannot be excluded from one study simply because he is deficient in another; the rule requiring his exclusion is unreasonable, and cannot be enforced. INFANTS Can make a binding contract for necessaries only. An infant can never bind himself even for necessaries when he has a parent or guardian who supplies his wants. What are considered necessaries depend upon the rank and circumstances of the infant in the par ticular case. All his other contracts are considered voidable and void. An infant's contract on a bill or note is voidable. His liability may be established by ratification after full age. The confirmation or ratification must be disti net, and with a knowl edge that he is not liable on the contract. A mere acknowledgment of a debt, or a payment of a part of it, will not support an action an such a contract. When an infant indorses negotiable notes or bills he does not pass any interest in them as against himself; his act is voidable, but neither the acceptor nor subsequent indorser can oblige his infancy to evade their liability; nor can the drawer of a bill set up the infancy of a payee and indorser as a defense to , DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 225 an action thereon against himself. An infant may sue on a bill, but he sues by his guardian or next friend, and payment should accordingly be made to him. Parties contracting with an infant assume all the inconveniences incident to the protection which the law allows him. In law infancv extends to the age of twenty-one years. ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. Children may be adopted by any resident of this State by filing a petition in the Circuit or County Court of the county in which he resides, asking leave to do so; and, if desired, may ask that the name of the child be changed. Such petition, if made by a person having a husband or wife, will not be granted unless the husband and wife joins therein, as the adoption must be by them jointly. The petition shall state name, sex, and age of child, and the new name, if it is desired to change the name; also, the name and resi dence of the parents of the child, if known, and of the guardian, if any, and whether the parents or guardian consent to the adoption. The Court must find, before granting decree, that the parents of the child, or the survivors of them, have deserted his or her family, or such child, for one year next preceding the application ; or, if neither is living, that the guardian (if no guardian, the next of kin in this State capable of giving consent) has had notice of the presentation of the petition, and consents to such adoption. If the child is at the age of fourteen or upwards, the adoption cannot be made without its consent. CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS May be legally made by electing or appointing, according to the Usages or customs of the body of which it is a part, at any meeting held for that purpose, two or more of its members or trustees, war dens or vestrymen, and may adopt a corporate name. The Chair man or Secretary of such meeting shall, as soon as possible, make and file in the office of the Recorder of Deeds of the county an f affidavit substantially in the following form: State of Illinois, County. I, , do solemnly swear [or affirm, as the case may be] that at a meeting of the members of the [here insert the name of 226 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. the church, society, or congregation, as known before organization] held at [here insert the place of meeting], in the County of , and State of Illinois, on the day of , A. D. 18— for that purpose, the following persons were elected [or appointed; here insert the names] trustees, wardens, vestrymen [or officers by whatever name they may choose to adopt, with power similar to trustees], according to the rules and usages of such [church, society, or congregation], and said adopted as its corporate name [here insert name], and at said meeting this affiant acted as [Chairman or Secretary, as the case may be]. Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of , A. D. 18—. [Name of affiant] . Which affidavit must be recorded by the Recorder, and shall be, or a certified copy made by the Recorder, received as evidence of such corporation. No certificate of election after the first need be filed for record. The term of office of the trustees, and the general government of the society can be determined by the rules and by-laws adopted. Failure to elect trustees at the time provided does not work a dis solution, but the old trustees hold over. A trustee or trustees may be removed, in the same manner, by the society, as elections are held by a meeting called for that purpose. The property of the society rests in the corporation. The corporation may hold, or acquire by purchase or otherwise, land not exceeding ten acres, for the purpose of the society. The trustees have the care, custody and control of the property of the corporation, and can, when directed by the society, erect houses or improvements, and repair and alter the same, and may also when so directed by the society, mortgage, encumber, sell and convey any real or personal estate belonging. to the corporation, and make all proper contracts in the name of such corporation. But they are prohibited by law from encumbering or interfering with any property so as to destroy the effect of any gift, grant, devise or bequest to the corporation; but such gifts, grants, devises or bequests must in all cases be used so as to carry out the object intended by the persons making the same. .Existing churches may organize in the manner herein set forth, and have all the advantages thereof. GAME Consists of birds and beasts of a wild nature, obtained by fowling and hunting. The last few years have shown a general interest by DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 227 the people in having wise and just laws passed for the protection of fish and game. It is apparent to all that, unless these laws are vigorously enforced, tho time will soon come when fish and game will bo so scarce as to be within tho reach of only the wealthy. Under proper regulations our streams of pure running water would all be filled with fish, as in other years, and our prairies, fields and forests alive with their great variety of game. It is a question that interests all, and the game laws should bo enforced. The following are sections 1 and 6 of the Game Law of 1873, of this State, as amended by the act approved May 14th, 1877: Seo. 1. That it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to hunt or pursue, kill or trap, net or ensnare, destroy, or attempt to kill, trap, net, ensnare, or otherwise destroy any prairie hen or chicken, or any woodcock, between the 15th clay of January and the 1st day of September in each and every year; or any deer, fawn, wild turkey, ruffed grouse (commonly called partridge), or pheas ant, between the 1st day of February and the 1st day of October in each and every year; or any quail between the 1st day of Feb ruary and tho 1st day of. November in each and every year; or any wild goose, duck, snipe, brant, or other waterfowl between the 1st day of May and the 15th day of August in each and every year: Provided, That it shall bo unlawful for any person or persons to net any quail at any time after this act shall take effect and be in force; and provided further, That it shall be unlawful for any per son or persons who is or are non-residents of this State to kill, ensnare, net or trap any deer, fawn, wild turkey, prairie hen or chicken, ruffed grouse, quail, woodcock, wild goose, wild duck or brant, or any snipe, in any county of this State, at any time, for the purpose of selling or marketing or removing the same outside of this State. Every person who violates any of the provisions of this section shall, for each and every offense, bo deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction shall be fined not less than five dol lars ($5) nor more than twenty-five dollars ($25) and costs of suit for each and every separate bird or animal of the above enumerated list, so unlawfully hunted or pursued, killed, trapped, netted, ensnared, or destroyed or attempted to be killed, trapped, netted, ensnared, or otherwise destroyed, and shall stand committed to the county jail until such fine and costs are paid, but such imprison ment shall not exceed ten days. 228 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. Sec. 6. No person or persons shall sell or expose for sale, or have in his or their possession for the purpose of selling or expos ing for sale, any of the animals, wild fowls or birds mentioned in section 1 of this act, after the expiration of five days next succeed ing the first day of the period in which it shall be unlawful to kill, trap, net, or ensnare such animals, wild fowls or birds. And any person so offending shall, on conviction, be fined and dealt with as specified in Section 1 of this act: Provided, That the provisions of this act shall not apply to the killing of birds by or for the use of taxidermists for preservation either in public or private collec tions, if so preserved. The fifteenth of January, it will be observed, is the date when the prohibition begins to work as to prairie chickens and woodcock; the first of February is the date for most other sorts of game, except waterfowl. And five days after the prohibition against kill ing goes into force, it becomes unlawful to sell or expose for sale the prohibited game. PEESEEVATION OF OTHEE BIEDS. It may be appropriate to mention here that Sections 3 and 4 of the act of 1873, which are not changed or affected by the act of 1877, are as follows: Sec 3. No person shall at any time, within this State, kill or attempt to trap, net, ensnare, destroy. or kill any robin, bluebird, swallow, martin, mosquito hawk, whippoorwill, cuckoo, woodpecker, catbird, brown-thrasher, red-bird, hanging-bird, buzzard, sparrow, wren, humming-bird, dove, gold-finch, mocking bird, blue-jay, finch, thrush, lark, cherry-bird, yellow-bird, oriole, or bobolink, nor rob or destroy the nests of such birds, or either or any of them. And any person so offending shall on conviction be fined the sum of five dollars for each and every bird so killed, and for each and every nest robbed or destroyed: Provided, that nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the owner or occupant of lands from destroying any of the birds herein named on the same, when deemed necessary for the protection of fruits or property. Sec. 4. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to destroy or remove from the nests of any prairie chicken, grouse or quail, wild turkey, goose or brant, any egg or eggs of such fowl or bird, or for any person to buy, sell, have in possession or traffic in such DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 229 eggs, or willfully destroy the nest of such birds or fowls, or any or either of them. And any person so offending shall on conviction be fined and dealt with as specified in Section 3 of this act. MILLERS. The owner or occupant of every public grist-mill in this State shall grind all grain brought to- his mill, in its turn. The toll for both steam and water mills, is, for grinding and bolting wheat, rye, or other grain, one-eighth part ; for grinding Indian corn, oats, barley, and buckwheat not required to be bolted, one-seventh part; for grind ing malt, and chopping all kinds of grain, one-eighth part. It is the duty of every miller, when his mill is in repair, to aid and assist in loading and unloading all grain brought to his mill to be ground; and he is also required to keep an accurate half-bushel measure, and an accurate set of toll dishes or scales for weighing the grain. The penalty for neglect or refusal to comply with the law is $5, to the use of any person suing for the same, to be recovered before any Justice of the Peace of the county where the penalty is incurred. Millers are accountable (except it results from unavoidable acci dents) for the safe-keeping of all grain left in their mill for the pur pose of being ground, with bags or casks containing same, provided that such bags or casks are distinctly marked with the initial letters of the owner's name. PAUPERS. Every poor person who shall be unable to earn a livelihood in con sequence of any bodily infirmity, idiocy, lunacy or unavoidable cause, shall be supported by the father, grandfathers, mother, grand mothers, children, grandchildren, brothers or sisters, of such poor person, if they or either of them be of sufficient ability; but if any of such dependent class shall have become so from intemperance, or other bad conduct, they shall not be entitled to support from any relation except parent or child. The children shall first be called on to support -their parents, if they are able; but if not, the parents of such poor person shall then be called on, if of sufficient ability; and if there be no parents or children able, then the brothers and sisters of such dependent person shall be called upon; and if there be no brothers or sisters of sufficient ability, the grandchildren of such per son shall next be called on ; and if they are not able, then the grand parents. Married females, while their husbands live, shall not be 230 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. i liable to contribute for the support of their poor relations except out of their separate property. It is the duty of the State's attorney to make complaint to the County Court of his county against all the relatives of such paupers in this State liable to support, and prose cute the same. In case the State's attorney neglects or refuses to complain in such cases, then it is the duty of the overseer of the poor to do so. The person called upon to contribute shall have at least ten days' notice of such application, by summons. The court has the power to determine the kind of support, depending upon the circumstances of the parties, and may also order two or more of the different degrees to maintain such poor person, and prescribe the proportion of each, according to his or her ability. The court may specify the time for which the relatives shall contribute; in fact it has control over the entire subject matter, with power to enforce its order. Every county is required to relieve and support all poor and in digent persons lawfully resident therein. " Residence " means the actual residence of the party, or the place where he was employed; or in case he was in no employment, then it shall be the place where he made his home. When any person becomes chargeable as a pauper who did not reside in the county at the commencement of six months immediately preceding his becoming so, but did at the time reside elsewhere in this State, then the county becomes liable for the expense of taking care of such person until removed; and it is the duty of the overseer to notify the proper authorities of the fact. If any person shall bring and leave any pauper in any county in this State where such pauper had no legal residence, knowing him to be such, he is liable to a fine of $100. In counties- under town ship organization, the supervisors in each town are ex-officio over seers of the poor. The overseers of the poor act under the directions of the County Board in taking care of the poor and granting tem porary relief; also, in providing for non-resident persons not pau pers who may be taken sick and not able to pay their way, and, in case of death, causing such persons to be decently buried. PUBLIC AND PRIYATE CONYEYANCES. When practicable from the nature of the ground, persons travel ing in any kind of vehicle must turn to the right of the center of the road, so as to permit each carriage to pass without interfering DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 231 with the other. The penalty for a violation of this provision is $5 for every offense, to be recovered by the party injured; but to re cover, there must have occurred some injury to person or property resulting from the violation. The owners of any carriage travel ihg upon any road in this State for the conveyance of passengers, who shall employ or continue in their employment as driver any person who is addicted to drunken ness, or the excessive use of spirituous liquors, after he has had notice of the same, shall pay a forfeit at the rate of $5 per day; and if any driver, while actually engaged in driving any such carriage, shall be guilty of intoxication to' such a degree as to endanger the safety of passengers, it shall be the duty of the owner, on receiving written notice of the fact, signed by one of the passengers, and cer tified by him on oath, forthwith to discharge such driver. If such owner shall have such driver in his employ within three months after such notice, he is liable for $5 per day for the time he shall keep such driver in his employment after receiving such notice. Persons driving any carriage on any public highway are prohib ited from running their horses upon any occasion, under a penalty of a fine not exceeding $10, or imprisonment not exceeding sixty days, at the discretion of the court. Horses attached to any car riage used to convey passengers for hire must be properly hitched, or the lines placed in the hands of some other person, before the driver leaves them for any purpose. For violation of this provision each driver shall forfeit twenty dollars, to be recovered by action commenced within six months. It is understood by the term " carriage " herein to mean any car riage or vehicle used for the transportation of passengers, or goods, or either of them. WAGERS AND STAKEHOLDERS. Wagers upon the result of an election have always been consid ered as void, as being contrary to sound policy, and tending to im pair the purity of elections. Wagers as to the mode of playing, or as to the result of any illegal game, as boxing, wrestling, cock- fighting, etc. , are void at common law. Stakeholders must deliver the thing holden by them to the person entitled to it, on demand. It is frequently questionable who is en titled to it. In case of an unlawful wager, although he may be jus- 232 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. tified for delivering, the thing to the winner, by the express or im plied consent of the loser, yet if before the event has happened he' has been required by either party to give up the thing deposited with him by such party, he is bound to deliver it; or if, after the event has happened, the losing «party gives notice to the stakeholder not to pay the winner, a payment made to him afterwards will be made to him in his own wrong, and the party who deposited the money or thing may recover it from the stakeholder. SUNDAY. Labor of whatever kind, other than the household offices of daily necessity, or other work of charity and necessity, on the first day of the week, commonly called Sunday, is in general under penalty pro hibited; but all persons do not come under prohibition. If a con tract is commenced on Sunday, but not completed until a subsequent day, or if it merely grew out of a transaction which took place on Sunday, it is not for this reason void. Thus, if a note is signed on Sunday, its validity is not impaired if it be not delivered on that day. DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS. $ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was for merly placed before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now, United , States currency. £ means pounds, English money. @ stands for at or to; lb for pound; bbl. for barrel; and "§ for per or by the. Thus, butter sells at 20 @ 30c. '$ ft>, and flour at $6@10 ^ bbl. („ stands for per cent., and ft for number. In the example "May 1 — wheat sells at $1.05@1.10, seller June," seller June means that the, person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any time during the month of June. " Selling short " is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock at a fixed price within a certain length of time when the seller has not the stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling " short" to depress the market as much as possi ble, in order that he may buy and fill his contract at a profit. Hence the "shorts" are termed "bears." LEGAL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for or sold or delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 233 made to the contrary, the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to- wit: ft>3. K>8. Apples, dried 24 Hemp seed 44 Barley.. . ..48 Hair (plastering) 8 Beans, white 60 Lime, unslacked 80 Beans, castor 46 Onions 57 Buckwheat 52 Oats • 32 Bran 20 Potatoes, Irish 60 Blue-glass seed 14 Peaches, dried 33 Broom-corn seed 46 Potatoes, sweet 55 Coal, stove 80 Bye 56 Corn, in the ear 70 Salt, fine 55 Corn, shelled 56 Salt, coarse 50 Corn meal 48 Turnips 55 Clover seed 60 Timothy seed 45 Flax seed 56 Wheat 60 BEES. Bees, while unreclaimed, are by nature wild animals. Those which take up their abode in a tree belong to the owner of the soil in which the tree grows, if unreclaimed; but if reclaimed and identi fied they belong to their former owner. If a swarm has flown from the hive of A, they are his so long as they are in sight, and may easily be taken; otherwise, they become the property of the first occupant. Merely finding on the land of another person a tree containing a swarm of bees, and marking it, does not vest the property of the bees in the finder. They do not become property until actually hived. DOGS. Dogs are animals of a domestic nature. The owner of a dog has such property in him that he may maintain an action for an injury to him, or to recover him when unlawfully taken away and kept by another. When, in consequence of his vicious propensities, a dog becomes a common nuisance the owner may be indicted, and where one commits an injury, if the owner had knowledge of his mischievous propensities, he is liable for the injury. A man has a right to keep a dog to guard his premises, but not to put him at the entrance of his house, because a person coming- there on lawful business may be injured by him, though there may be another entrance to the house. But if a dog is chained, and a visitor incautiously goes so near him that he is bitten, he has no right of action against the owner. 234 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. CRUELTY TO ANIMALS. Whoever shall willfully overdrive, overload, overwork, torture, torment, beat, deprive of necessary and proper food, drink, or shelter, or cruelly kill any such animal, or work an old, maimed, sick, or disabled animal, or keep any animal in an unnecessarily cruel manner, for each and every offense shall be liable to a fine of not less than $3 or more than $200, to be recovered on complaint before any Justice of the Peace, or by indictment. The word " animal " used shall be taken to mean any living creature. NAMES. Any person desirous of changing his name, and to assume another name, may file a petition in the Circuit Court of the county where he resides, praying for such change. Such petition shall set forth the name then held, and also the name sought to be assumed) together with his residence, and the length of time he shall have resided in this State, and his nativity. In case of minors, parents or guardians must sign this petition; and said petition shall be verified by the affidavit of some credible person. A previous notice shall be given of such intended application by publishing a notice thereof in a county newspaper for three consecutive weeks, the first insertion to be at least six weeks prior to the first day of the term of the court in which the said petition is to be filed. UNITED STATES MAILS. The following suggestions and rulings of the Post Office Depart ment in regard to the sending of matter through the United States mails will be found valuable. By giving careful attention to and closely following them, almost perfect security from all delays and losses, and the many little vexatious inquiries generally made by the public will be avoided. Make the address legible and complete, giving the name of the postoffice, county and state ; the name of the street, and the num ber of the house, also, should always be given on letters addressed to cities where letter-carriers are employed. Letters intended for places in foreign countries should have the name of the country »s well as the postoffice given in full. See that every letter, newspaper or other packet sent by mail is securely folded and fastened. Avoid using, as much as possible, DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 235 cheap envelopes made of thin paper, especially when containing more than one sheet of paper. Never send money or any other article of value through the mail, except by means of a money order or in a registered letter. Every letter sent should contain the full name and address of the writer, with the county and State, in order to secure its return if the person to whom it is directed cannot be found. Persons who have large correspondence find it most convenient to use "special request " envelopes, but those who only mail an occasional letter can avoid the trouble by writing a request to " return if not delivered," etc., on the envelope. ? Postage stamps should be placed upon the upper right hand corner of the addressed side of all mail matter. Written matter in unsealed envelopes prepaid with only a one- cent postage stamp will be held for postage. Diplomas, commissions, certificates, etc., having written signa tures attached, circulars having anything written thereon, are sub ject to postage at the rate of three cents for each half ounce or fraction thereof. Stamps cut from stamped envelopes, mutilated postage stamps? and internal revenue stamps, will not be accepted in payment for postage. Letters deposited in a postoffice having such matter affixed are held for postage. To use, or attempt to use, in payment of postage a postage1. stamp, or stamped envelope, or any stamp cut from such stamped envelopes, which has been before used in payment of postage, is punishable with a fine of fifty. dollars. In using postal cards, be careful not to write or have anything printed on the side to be used for the address, except the address; also be careful not to attach anything to them. They are unmail- able as postal cards when these suggestions are disregarded. No cards are " postal cards " except such as are issued by the Post Office Department. In no one case will unclaimed cards be returned to the writer or sent to the Dead Letter Office. If not delivered within sixty days from time of receipt they will be burned by the post- master. To insure a letter being forwarded in the mails it must have not less than three cents in postage stamps affixed. After a letter has passed from the mailing office the delivering 236 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. of it cannot be delayed or prevented by the writer; but, if the writer request the return of the letter, which has not left in the mail, the post-master may deliver it, if he is satisfied that the party applying is the writer. A subscriber to a newspaper or periodical who changes his resi dence and postoffice should at once notify the publishers of the change. Printed matter, merchandise and other third-class matter cannot be forwarded from the office to which it is addressed unless postage is furnished for such pnrposes. A request to return indorsed on such matter will not be regarded unless postage is furnished for the purpose. A request to return written on such matter subjects the package to letter postage. All packages mailed at less than letter postage should be wrapped so that their contents can be readily ascertained without destroying the wrapper. Matter contained in sealed envelopes, notched at the ends, is sub ject to letter postage. The sender of any article of the third-class may write his or her name or address therein, or on the outside thereof, with the word " from " above or preceding the same, or may write or print on any package the number and name of articles inclosed. All losses should be promptly reported. Packages of any description of mail matter may weigh not exceed ing four pounds. RATES OF POSTAGE. On letters, sealed packages, mail matter, wholly or partly in writing, except book manuscript and corrected proofs passing between authors and publishers, and except local or drop letters,, or postal cards ; all printed matter so marked as to convey any other or further information than is conveyed by the original print, except the correction of mere typographical errors ; all matter otherwise chargeable with letter postage, but which is so wrapped or secured that it cannot be conveniently examined by the post-masters with. out destroying the wrapper or envelope; all packages containing matter not in itself chargeable with letter postage, but in which is enclosed or concealed any letter, memorandum, or other thing chargeable with letter postage, or upon which is any writing or memorandum; all matter to which no specific rate of postage is DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 237 assigned; and manuscript for publication in newspapers, magazines or periodicals, theee cents foe each half ounce oe feaction THEEEOF. On local or drop letters, at offices where free delivery by carriers is established, two cents foe each half ounce oe feaction THEEEOF. On local or drop letters, at offices where free delivery by carriers is not established, one cent foe each half ounce oe feaction THEEEOF. RATES OF POSTAGE ON THIRD-CLASS MATTER. By act of July 12, 1876, third-class matter is divided as follows: One cent for two ounces. — Almanacs, books (printed), calendars, catalogues, corrected proofs, hand-bills, magazines, when not sent to regular subscribers, maps (lithographed or engraved), music (printed sheet), newspapers, when not sent to regular subscribe^ occasional publications, pamphlets, posters, proof-sheets, prospec tuses, and regular publications designed -primarily for advertising purposes, or for free circulatien, or for circulation at nominal rates. One cent for each ounce. — Blank books, blank cards, book manu script, card boards and other flexible materials, chromo-lithographs, circulars, engravings, envelopes, flexible patterns, letter envelopes, letter paper, lithographs, merchandise, models, ornamented paper, postal cards, when sent in bulk and not addressed, photographic views, photographic paper, printed blanks, printed cards, sample cards, samples of ores, metals, minerals, and merchandise, seeds cuttings, bulbs, roots and scions, and stereoscopic views. Any article of mail matter, subject to postage at the rate of one cent for each ounce or fraction thereof, which may be enclosed in the same package with items subject to the rate of one cent for each two ounces or fraction thereof, will subject the entire package to the highest rate, viz. ; one cent for each ounce or fraction thereof. The following articles are unmailable: Packages containing liquids, poisons, glass, explosive chemicals, live animals, sharp pointed instruments, flour, sugar, or any other matter liable to deface or destroy the contents of the mail, or injure the person of any one connected with the service. All letters upon the envelope of which, or postal card upon which indecent, lewd, obscene, or lascivious delineations, epithets, terms or language may be written or printed, or disloyal devices printed or engraved, 238 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. and letters or circulars concerning illegal lotteries, so called gift concerts or other similar enterprises offering prizes, or concerning schemes devised and intended to deceive and defraud the public- Also, all obscene, lewd or lascivious books, pamphlets, pictures, papers, prints or other publications of an indecent character. REGISTERED MATTER. The fee for registering a letter going anywhere in the United States is fixed at ten cents in addition to the regular postage. Post masters are required to register all letters properly presented for that purpose, but no letters are to be registered on Sunday. Registered letters will never be delivered to any person but the one to whom they are addressed, or to one whom the post-master knows to be authorized to receive them. MONEY ORDERS. The money-order system is intended to promote public conven ience and to secure safety in the transfer through the mails of small sums of money. The principal means employed to attain safety consists in leaving out of the order the name of the payee or per son for whom the money is intended. In this respect a money- order differs from an ordinary bank draft or check. An advice or notification containing full particulars of the order is transmitted without delay by the issuing post-master to the post-master at the office of payment. The latter is thus furnished, before the order itself is presented, with information which will enable him to pre vent its payment to any person not entitled thereto, provided the remitter complies with the regulation of the Department, which prohibits him from sending the same information in a letter inclosed with his order. Under no circumstances can payment of an order be demanded on the day of its issue. The fees or charges for money-orders will be as follows: On orders not exceeding $15 10 cents On orders over $15 and not exceeding $30 ,15 cents On orders over $30 and not exceeding $40 ' "go cents On orders over $40 and not exceeding $50 .... .'! '. '. !25 cents When a larger sum than $50 is required, additional orders to make it up must be obtained. But post-masters are instructed to refuse to issue in one day, to the same remitter and in favor of the same payee, more than three money-orders payable at the same postoffice. HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. CHAPTER I. [From the State Geologist's Beports.] Boundaeies — Geological — Caebonifeeous — St. Louis Sandstone — Kin- DEEHOOK GbOUP ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY BlTUMINOUS CoAL LIME STONE foe Lime — Clay and Sand foe Beick — Soil and Timbee. BOUNDAEIES. This county lies upon the western border of the State and is bounded on the north by Hancock county, on the east by Brown and Pike counties, on the south by Pike, and on the west by the Mississippi river. It embraces an area of about twenty-three townships, or, eight hundred and thirty square miles./ It is well watered, having in addition to the great river which forms its western boundary several smaller streams which afford a thorough surface drainage to all parts of the county. Bear creek drains the northern portion of the county, McGee's the eastern and central, and McDonald's creek, Hadley's creek and Mill creek intersect the southern' south-western portion. These streams furnish a small amount of water power for mills and machinery, as well as an abundant supply of water for the stock grower. Fine springs of fresh water are abundant in some portions of the county, and more especially in the southern and west ern part, where the Burlington or Quincy limestone is the prevailing rock. This limestone is somewhat cavernous and admits the free passage of sub terranean waters through it until they finally find an outlet at the surface in limpid streams of cold limestone water. The uplands in this county are nearly equally divided into timber and prairie, the timber portions being mainly restricted to the broken lauds in the vicinity of the streams. The prairies are generally quite rolling, except in the north-eastern portion of the county where they are compara tively level. The general elevation of the prairie region, above the level of the Mississippi, at low water, is from two hundred to two hundred and eighty feet. Along the western border of the county there is a belt of alluvial bot tom land from one to five miles in width, extending the whole length of the county from north to south, except for about two miles in the vicinity of Quincy, where the bluffs approach near to the river bank. A portion of these (239) 240 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. I alluvial lands is quite dry, being only overflowed by the highest floods in the river, and possesses a very rich and productive soil and is partly prairie, es pecially the higher portions adjacent to the river bluffs. The low bottoms are in part covered with a heavy growth of timber embracing many varieties not found on the uplands. The bottom lands north of Quincy toward the Hancock county line are intersected with numerous bayous and in the north-west corner of the county one of these widens into a lake four or five miles in length by about two in width, known as Lima lake. The bottom lands -in this part of the county are mostly too wet for cultivation, but below Quincy they are rather higher and afford some fine farming lands, especially along the foot of the bluffs where a considerable area is above the high water level of the river. GEOLOGICAL. The geological formations exposed in this county comprise the lower carboniferous limestone series about three hundred feet in thickness, about one hundred feet of the lower part of the coal measures and the Quater nary and Post Tertiary deposits of more recent age which unconformably overlie all the others. The following section will show the thickness and relative positions of the formations exposed in this county: QUATERNARY. FT. Alluvium and loess 30. to 40 Drift clay with gravel and boulders : . . 80 to 90 Post Tertiary soil • 2 to 6 Brown clay 6 Tough blue clay 20 COAL MEASURES. Beds of sandstone, sandy and argillaceous shale with bands of limestone, bitumin ous shale and fire clay, with two or three seams of coal 100 LOWER CARBONIFEROUS LIMESTONES. St. Louis group 40 to 50 Keokuk group 80 to 100 Burlington limestone 100 Kinderhook group partly exposed 50 The Quaternary system properly includes all the deposits, both strat ified and unstratified, that are of more recent origin than the Pliocene Tertiary. In this county we find a series of beds comprising an aggregate thickness of about one hundred and sixty feet, which properly belongs to this system. They include the surface soil and subsoil on the uplands, and the alluvial deposits of the river valleys, the Loess which is largely developed along the bluffs of the Mississippi, the Drift proper, including all the thick beds of unstratified clay and gravel, enclosing boulders of large size, and, lastly, an ancient Post Tertiary soil and subordinate clays, usually distinctly stratified, and without boulders which rest immediately upon the stratified rocks. The soil at different localities rests upon, and is in part derived from, each of these subdivisions of the Quaternary system, and consequently HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 241 varies considerably in its general appearance and productive qualities in accordance with the character of the beds on which it rests and from which it has been mainly formed. The alluvial deposits of the Mississippi valley consist of partially stratified sands, alternating with dark bluish-gray, or chocolate-brown clays, deposited by the annual floods of the river. In the vicinity of the bluffs these deposits are annually increased, by the wash from the adjacent hills and the sediments that are carried down by the small streams during their overflows. The valley of the Mississippi has been excavated in solid limestone strata to the depth of from one hundred and fifty to three hundred feet, or more, and from five to ten miles in width; and as we frequently find some portions of this valley still occupied by the beds of unaltered drift material, exactly like that which covers the adjacent highlands, we have undoubted evidence that it was not formed by the river, which now, in part, occupies it; but is due to some other and more potent agency, dating back to a period long anterior to the formation of the existing water courses. It is very evident that the surface of the stratified rocks in this portion of the State have been subjected to the action of powerful denuding forces, ante rior to the accumulation of the superficial materials which now occupy the surface, by which these rocks were greatly eroded, and in many places cut into deep valleys, some of which now form our river courses, while others are wholly or partially filled with Drift and Post Tertiary beds; and it is highly probable that if we could see a complete section of the beds which now occupy these ancient valleys, we should find beneath the alluvial beds, already described, even older than any which now cover the adjacent highlands. Along the banks of the water courses we find only from ten to twenty feet of the alluvial beds exposed by natural causes, and the charac ter of the underlying strata can only be determined by artificial excavations. The next older division of this system is the Loess, a deposit of marly sand and clay, which ranges in thickness from ten to forty feet, and attains its greatest development where it caps the river bluffs, thinning out rapidly towards the adjacent highlands, which form the summit level of the inte rior portion of the county. It is usually of a light buff-brown, or ashen- gray color, frequently showing distinct lines of stratification, and always overlies the drift clays, when both are present in the same section. It is usually quite sandy where it caps the river bluffs, but becomes more agil- laceous at other points, where the beds are thinner, and, locally, it becomes quite calcareous. The Loess is well exposed in the bluffs at Quincy, where it is about forty feet in thickness and overlies some beds of plastic clay and sand, which are probably of Post Tertiary age, and older than the true drift. Immediately above the limestone here we find a few feet in thick ness of what might be called "local drift," consisting of angular fragments of chert, embedded in a brown clay, which have probably been derived from 242 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. the subordinate limestones. This is overlaid by a few feet of blue plastic clay and stratified sands, on which the Loess is deposited. At one point, near the base of the bluffs, in the northern part of the city, we observed underlying the Loess what seemed to be a chocolate-colored soil, about a foot in thickness, which may represent the Post Tertiary soil, penetrated in the shaft at Coatsburg, underlying the Drift deposits. Here the true Drift is wanting, and the Loess directly overlies these older Post Tertiary beds. Notwithstanding the unsolidified character of this deposit, it is sufficiently coherent to present a vertical cliff where it is intersected by artificial cuts, and often remains for years in nearly perpendicular walls where it has been cut through by running streams or in grading the streets of the cities that have been built upon it. It is everywhere a fine sedimentary accumulation, and usually contains numerous terrestrial and fresh- water shells, which, not withstanding their fragile structure, are found entirely perfect, showing that they have not been subjected to any violent movements before they were buried in the marly sand of this formation. The remains of the Mammoth, Mastedon, Megalonyx, Casteroids, and other extinct animals, occur in the Loess, indicating that it is a deposit formed in a fresh-water lake into which the bones of land animals and the shells of terrestrial molluscs were swept by the streams running into it from the adjacent land. The term "Loess" was originally applied to a similar formation which caps the bluffs of the River Rhine, in Germany, and has been generally adopted by the American geologists to designate beds that are similar in their character and origin to those on the Rhine, and that appear to have been formed about the same time. Drift. — This formation is composed of yellowish-brown or bluish clays, with sand, gravel, and large boulders of water- worn rock, the whole mass usually showing little or no trace of stratification, and ranging in thickness from thirty to eighty feet, or more. It is a heterogeneous mass of the water- worn fragments of all the stratified rocks that are known to occur for sev eral hundred miles to the northward embedded in brown or blue clays, and most of the large boulders which it contains are derived from the meta- phoric sandstones, granites, sienites, porphyries and other metaphoric and igneous strata that occurs on the borders of the great lakes. Associated with these there are also rounded boulders, usually of smaller size, derived from the stratified rocks of this and the adjacent States. Fragments of native copper, galena, coal and iron are often intermingled with the general mass, but are not indicative of mines of those minerals in the immediate vicinity where such fragments are found; for they have been transported from other localities by the same powerful agencies to which the drift for mation owes its origin. The coal shaft at Coatsburg penetrated the thickest bed of drift that has, perhaps, been found in this county; and I am indebted to Mr. Joseph Edwards for the following section of the beds passed through in sinking this shaft: HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 243 FT. Soil and yellowish clay g Bluish-colored clay and gravel ' 45 Clay with large boulders 40 Black soil 2% Clay stratified 6 Very tough blue clay 20 We have in this section eighty-five feet of what may be considered true Drift, consisting of unstratified clays containing gravel and boulders. The upper six feet of the section probably represents the age of the Loess more properly than any other division of the Quarternary system; and its for mation is explained by Prof. Lesquereux in his chapter on the formation of the prairies. The ancient Post Tertiary soil, which was reached at a depth of ninety- one feet from the surface, and the stratified clays which underlie it, are of no older date than the Drift proper, and were no doubt formed under very differ ent conditions. So far as we are aware, this was the first point in the State where a bed resembling the surface soil was observed below the Drift, as this shaft was sunk in 1859, but no public notice was made of it at that time, as it was then supposed to be merely a local phenomenon that might not be verified elsewhere. Fragments of wood and also of bones were also reported to have been found in it here, but we were not, able to obtain specimens of them, and cannot vouch for the truth of the report. Subse quent discoveries at other points, however, show that wood, in an excellent state of preservation, is often found in this ancient soil, as well as in the underlying stratified clays; and in the shaft at Bloomington, at the depth of one hundred and eighty feet, a considerable quantity of wood, some of which was perfectly sound, was taken from a similar deposit. These strati fied clays and the sands frequently associated with them appear to have been entirely of fresh-water origin, the fossil shells which they afforded being all of lacustrine or fluviatile species. At Camp Point, a few miles east of Coatsburg, the Quaternary beds were all penetrated in sinking a tank well at the railroad station. They were here only sixty feet in thickness, but no note was made of the char acter of the different beds passed through. Probably the lower beds of stratified clays and the ancient soil above them, were not found here, and the beds passed throngh were only the surface soil and sub-soil and the true Drift deposits. From the soft and yielding character of the beds, a satis factory natural section of them is rarely met with, and it is only when they have been penetrated in sinking coal shafts, wells, and other artificial exca vations, that a correct section of the whole series can be seen. Along the breaks of the streams the drift clays and subordinate beds of superficial material are generally eroded into sloping hillsides, covered with soil and vegetation down to the fundamental rock on which they rest, and only very meager exposures of the beds are to be found on the water courses. Fossils are but seldom found in the Drift accumulations, and they con- / 244 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. sist entirely of the remains of Mommalid; no shells, either marine or fresh water, have yet been found in them in this State. CAEBONIFEEOUS SYSTEM. All the Paleozoic rocks that appear above the surface in this country belong to this system and comprise the lower portion of the Coal Measures and the whole series of the lower Carboniferous limestones except the Chester series and the lower part of the Kinderhook group. Coal Measures.— This term is applied to that portion of the Carbon iferous system that contains the workable seams of coal and comprises shales, sandstones, bituminous slates and their bands of limestone, with seams of coal and the fire clay that underlie them. The whole thickness of these strata in this country, probably nowhere exceed about ODe hundred and twenty feet, and they include the three lower coal seams and the strata associated with them. The greatest development of this formation is in the northeast part of the county, on Little Missouri creek, where there is an exposure of some fifty or sixty feet of shales with two thin beds of limestone above No. 2 coal, which is worked at different points in the valley of the creek. The following section wiil show the general arrangement and thickness of the coal strata as they are developed in this county: FT. Hard, gray, Nodular limestone 3 to 6 Sandy shale and sandstone 25 30 Black shale 2 4 Coal No. 3 sometimes wanting 1^ Fire clay 2 3 Clay shale 25 30 Coal No. 2 2 3 Fire clay and clay shale 4 10 Gray, Nodular limestone 4 5 Shale ".'. ..." 10 15 Bituminous slate -. 1 3 Coal No. 1 lj£ 2 Shale and sandstone t 20 30 The middle coal seam in the above section (No. 2) is the most regular in its development and furnishes altogether the best coal in the county. It out-crops on the south fork of Bear creek, and is worked by Mr. Fer guson, on the northeast quarter of section 17, township 1, north, range 6 west. The coal at this point ranges from two to three feet in thickness, and is of good quality, being generally quite free from the bi-sulphuret of iron. The roof is a bluish clay shale of which about fifteen feet in thick ness is exposed at the mine, above which there is a thin seam of bituminous shale and soft coal, indicating the horizon of another coal seam which has been opened on another branch of the cut about a half a mile southeast of Ferguson's mine. The coal on this upper seam which we refer to, No. 3, is only from highteen to twenty inches in thickness and is full of iron pyrites at the only point where it has been opened in this vicinity. It is overlaid with about two feet of black slate, and by eighteen or twenty feet of sandstone. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 245 A mile and a half southwest of Ferguson's, on section 19, coal has been mined for several years by stripping the seam along the valley of a small creek, a tributary of Bear creek, but the mines are now abandoned. On Little Missouri creek, six miles northeast of Clayton, coal is dug in the same manner, by stripping the seam in the Creek valley. The seam is here is about twenty-eight inches thick and the coal is of good quality. This is on section 12, township 1 north, range 5 west, on the southeast quarter of section 12, township 2 north, range 5 west; this seam has been worked on Cedar creek. The coal here is about thirty inches thick and is underlaid by white fire clay and overlaid by fifteen or twenty feet of clay shale. On the southwest quarter of section 34, township 1 north, range 5 west, about a mile southwest of Clayton, a thin seam of coal was opened in the early settlement of this part of the county where the coal outcrops on a small branch of McGee's creek. The coal was found to be only from four teen to sixteen inches thick and was overlaid by four feet of black shale which contained a few fossil shells, among which were Discina nitida and an Aviculopecten. This is perhaps coal No. 3 of the above section. On the northeast quarter of section 36, township 2 north, range 8 west, coal was dug at an early day on Mr. Higby's land. The coal was found here in the bed of a small creek with no exposure of the bed associated with it, and was mined by stripping the seam of the overlying soil and clay. It was said to be from two to three feet in thickness with six inches of blue shale and about a foot of black shale above it. The coal was rather poor in quality, and was probably an outlier of No. 1. The coal was underlaid by sandstone which was exposed near by and half a mile [southwest of this point, the concretionary limestone of the St. Louis group was found in situ. South of Clayton the country becomes quite rolling and hilly, but the ravines seldom expose the bed rock, and no coal is found outcropping though it probably underlies most of the surface north of McGee's creek. After crossing the creek at Hughes' Ford, coal is found in the bluff on the south side, section 28, township 2 south, range 5 west; while below it are outcrops of the St. Louis and Keokuk limestones, the latter forming the bed rock in the creek valley. The coal seam has been opened by Mr. Luke Snow at two points; one in the face of the bluff, where a tunnel has been commenced, and the other on a small stream still further south, where the seam has been worked in an open trench on the outcrop. The coal is here from eighteen to twenty inches thick, and is overlaid by about two feet of bituminous shale, above which about six feet of clay shale was seen. The beds immediately below the coal were not exposed, but we are inclined to regard this as an outcrop of the lower seam, No. 1. On the northeast quarter of section 31, township 2 south, range 5 west, there is an outcrop of coal that was known as Bassett's coal bank, and was worked at the time of our first visit to this part of the county, in 1853. The coal is here from 246 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. sixteen to eighteen inches thick, and is overlaid by about two feet of black shale, containing numerous fossils, among which were a large Discina, per haps only a variety of Discina nitida Aviculopecten Coxana, A. pel- lucidus, Productus muricatus, Orthisina crassa, Orthoceras Rushensis and Pleurophorus soleniformis. On the southwest quarter of section 7, town ship 3 south, range 6 west, there is a similar outcrop of coal and bitumin ous shale, the latter containing the same fossils as Bassett's. South of Lib erty and west of Kingston, coal outcrops at various localities on the head waters of McDonald's creek; and before the construction of the O, B. & Q. Railroad the beds were worked quite extensively, and the coal hauled on wagons to supply the Quincy market. Since the construction of the railroad, however, coal can be more cheaply obtained from the mines in McDonough county, and those formerly worked in this part of the county have been generally abandoned. There is, however, a little coal still dug in this vicinity to supply the demands of the immediate neighborhood. An analysis of Bassett's coal, reported in Dr. Norwood's "Analysis of Illinois Coals," made by Henry Pratten, gave the following results: Specific 1.2684 Loss in coking 42.52 Total weight of coke ' 57.48 100 Analysis: Moisture. 9.20 Volatile matters 33.32 Carbon m coke 51.48 Ashes, pale red j 6.00 100 Carbon in coal 55.91 The coal measures in the south part of this county, as in Pike, are quite irregular in their development, and seem to assume the character of outliers from the main coal field. North of Columbus the three lower seams are found in their regular order, although not all equally constant in their development. Coal No. 2, or the Colchester seam, is by far the most constant, and will probably be found underlying nearly all the townships 1 and 2 north, in ranges 5 and 6 west, in this county; and may be reached by shafts, at a depth varying from seventy-five to, one hundred and fifty feet, according to the thickness of the Quaternary beds at the different points. At Camp Point, No. 2 was fohnd at the depth of ninety feet, and at Coatsburg at one hundred and twenty-nine feet. Its general thickness is from two to two and a half feet, being the same here as in McDonough county. ¦ The quality of the coal is good, but the seam seldom has a good roof, and consequently requires considerable expenditure for cribbing where the mines are to be worked permanently. South of Columbus there is no development of coal in the county that would justify the expectation of its ever becoming a valuable mining region, though considerable coal may be found in the vicinity of Liberty and Kingston, extending south to the HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 247 Pike county line, perhaps sufficient for the local supply of that part of the county for some years to come. Mill creek, on the western borders of this region, and McGee's on the east, show continuous exposures throughout their whole conrse, of the lower carboniferous limestones that lie entirely be low the coal measures, and clearly defined horizon, below which no workable coal seam has ever been found. These limestones may be reached anywhere over the coal field in this county at a depth of one to two hundned feet, and when reached a further search for coal, by going deeper, will only result in failure. In the northern part of the county the coal measures rest upon the St. Louis limestone, and hence the outcrop of this rock is a valuable guide in determining the boundary of the coal area; but in the southeast ern part of the county this limestone is not found, and the coal measures rest upon a lower division of the lower carboniferous series, as they also do in Pike county; this has resulted from the erosion of the limestone strata before the coal epoch, by which the upper beds have been wholly or partially removed, allowing the coal measures. to rest unconformably upon the lower divisions of the series. But whenever any division of this lime stone series is reached in searching for coal it is entirely useless to extend the search below that horizon. St. Louis Limestone. — This division of the lower carboniferous series, as has already been remarked, usually forms the sub-stratum on which the coal measures rest, and will be found outcropping immediately below the sandstone which forms the base of the coal measures, in the northwestern as well as the southwestern portion of the county. The upper division of this formation of this division is usually a light-gray concretionary or brecciated limestone, from five to twenty feet in thickness, below which there is usually bedded brown or brownish-gray magnesian limestone from ten to twenty feet thick, which locally becomes shaly and passes into a calcareous or argillaceous shale. The concretionary limestone sometimes contains irregular seams of green shale, or marly clay, disseminated through it, and at some points, as at Butt's mill on McGee's creek, is entirely replaced by green shales. At this point there is about thirty feet in thickness of this group exposed, consisting of regularly bedded lime stones at the base, passing upward into green and bluish colored shales which are overlaid by ferruginous sandstone, the latter representing the base of the coal measures on Waters' Branch. A hajf mile south of this mill there is a fine exposure of the regularly bedded limestone of this group, about ten feet thick, forming a perpendicular wall along the banks of the creek. There is a bed of earthy gray limestone about four feet thick intercolated in it at this point that appears like a hydraulic rock. The concretionary member of this group outcrops on the upper corner of McGee's creek, three miles southeast of Columbus, and with the regularly bedded limestones below continues along the bluffs of this creek through ¦its whole course in this county. In the vicinity of Hughes' Ford, on sec- 248 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. tion 27, township 2 south, range 5 west, the brown magnesian limestone of this series is well exposed, the bed ranging from ten to fifteen feet in thickness. It is about thirty feet above the bed of the creek and overlies the geodiferous shales of the Keokuk group, which.extend below the creek level. In the Coatsburg coal shaft this limestone was reached at a depth of about one hundred and forty-seven feet, and the shaft was carried on through? it and into the geodiferous shales of the Keokuk group, where it terminated at a depth of about two hundred feet. On the Walnut Fork of Mill creek, about four miles, a little south of west from Columbus, this limestone is exposed on the southeast quarter of section 21, township 1 south, range 7 west, and as it is only about seven miles to its outcrop on McGee's creek, east of that town, it is probable that it constitutes the bedrock entirely across the divide between these points, and separates the coal south of Columbus from that in the north part of the county. In the vicinity of Mendon this limestone was met with at several points, and is overlaid with the coarse quartzose sandstone of the coal measures; here the upper part of it is a light-gray, more or less concretionary rock, from ten to twelve feet in thickness, below which we find the brown magnesian limestone and the shaly beds which form the lower division of the group. This limestone is also found well exposed on the tributaries of Bear creek, in township 2 north, range 8 west, and on the main creek, on its upper course for some distance further east, where it passes beneath the coal measures, and the latter becomes the bedrock over all the northeastern portion of the county. This limestone may be readily distinguished from any of the lower divisions of the lower carboniferous series, either by its lithological char acter, or the fossils which it contains. The light gray concretionary lime stone is characterized by two species of fossil corals, one or both of which may be found at nearly every locality where the rock is exposed, and are often met with in fine specimens weathered out of the limestone, and lying in detached masses in the debris along the. streams. They are generally silicious, and where they have not been rolled and water-worn after being detached from the rock, they retain perfectly their original form, and are frequently of a reddish-pink color from the silicious matter which has replaced the carbonate of lime in the original coral. These corals belong to the genus Lithostrotion, and are known as the L. canadense and L. proliferum, and the former species, which usually occur in massive forms, is popularly known as "petrified honey comb," from the polygonal form of the numerous calyces of which it is composed. In the magnesian and shaly bed of this group, fossils are usually quite abundant, and among the most striking forms we may mention the screw shaped fossil known as the Archimedes, the axis of a peculiar form of Bryozoa. The largest form of this interesting genus, the A. Wortheni of Hall, is found abundantly through the shaly beds of this group, and some of the largest specimens HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 249 t attain to a foot or more in length. Various other forms of Bryozoa also abound in this rock, and at some localities the magnesian beds of this group appear to be in good part composed of the delicate reticulated remains of this class of organic forms. Marine shells are also abundant in the same beds, among which are: Spirifer lateralis, S. sub-aequalis, Rhynchonella mutata, R. subcuneata, Retzia V emeuiliana, Orthis dubia, Terebratula hastata, Platyceras auctirostris and Productus Altonensis. A knowledge of these species will enable the observer to identify this formation wherever it may appear, as some of them have a wide geograph ical range, especially the Lithostrotion canadense, which is known to range from Illinois to Alabama, and on a recent visit to Utah, we found it imbedded in the highly metaphoric limestones of the Wahsatch moun tains, within twenty miles of Salt Lake City. Hence, we may understand the great value of fossils to the geological observer, as they enable him to establish the identity of strata at widely separated points, where the litho- logical character of the beds are completely changed, and where it would be impossible to trace the continuity of the strata. Keokuk Group. — This group immediately underlies the limestone just described, and usually appears in two well-marked divisions. The upper one consists of bluish-gray or grayish-brown calcareo-argil- laceous shales, and shaly limestones, enclosing silicious geodes of various sizes, some of them a foot or more in diameter, a part of which are solid spheres of crystalline quartz, covered externally with a thin coating of chalcedony, while others are hollow and have their inner surfaces covered with beautiful crystals of quartz, calcite, or dolomite, or with the mammil- lory form of chalcedony. Crystals of arragonite, iron pyrites and zinc blende are also occasionally found in these silicious geodes, and the finest cabinet specimens of the crystalized minerals above mentioned, to be found in this State, are obtained from this bed. The shales and shaly limestones in which the geodes, where originally imbedded, yield readily to the influ ence of frost and moisture, and the silicious geodes, are readily weathered out, and may be found in great numbers in the beds of the small streams by which this formation is intersected. The Coatsburg coal shaft termin ated in this bed, at a depth of about two hundred feet below the surface, and we obtained several finely-crystalized geodes here in 1860, from the material that had been thrown out of this shaft. This division of the group is about forty feet in thickness, and is well exposed on McGee's creek and some of its tributaries, and also on Bear creek, and some of the smaller streams in the western part of the county. Locally, this portion Of the group becomes quite calcareous, and the beds are then filled with the same species of fossil-shells and corals that characterize the lower division. Another species of Archimedes, much smaller than that found in the St. Louis group, called the A. Owenana occurs both in the upper and lower 250 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. divisions of this group, and is the oldest known form of this intersecting genus of fossil Bryozoa. The lower division of the Keokuk group consists mainly of bluish- gray limestones, in quite regular beds, varying from six inches to two feet in thickness, separated by intercalations of buff or blue shale, or marly clay. Toward the base, it is very thin-bedded and cherty, the flinty material predominating over the calcareous. These beds are well exposed in the upper part of the quarries at Quincy, especially in the northern part /of the city, where extensive quarries have been opened in these cherty beds," and also on the small creek at Whipple's Mill, where they gradually pass upward into the more regularly bedded limestone above. At Col. Jamison's place, two miles northeast of Quincy, the regularly bedded limestone of this group, the equivalents of the beds quarried at Nauvoo and Keokuk are exposed, and higher up on the creek above mentioned and a mile and a half further east, the quarries were opened in this lime stone to furnish the foundation limestone for Gov. Wood's mansion. These quarries furnish an evenly bedded bluish-gray semi-crystalline lime stone, in beds from six to twenty inches thick, and furnished large slabs of dimension stone from the facility from which the rocks could be split in the desired form. The quarry rock at this point is directly overlaid by the brown shales of the geode bed. From Quincy to the north line of the county this limestone outcrops at various points along the bluffs, and is well exposed on Bear creek, near the Lima and Quincy road, where it forms a mural cliff from forty to fifty feet in height. It is also found on all the small streams in the west ern part of the county, as far south as Mill creek, and on both forks of that stream, though not on the main creek. The regularly bedded lime stones of this group are mainly composed of organic matter, and are formed from the calcareous portions of the molluscs, erinoids, and corals, which existed in such countless numbers in the carboniferous ocean during this period of the earth's history, as to furnish the greater part of the material required to form entire groups of limestone strata. All these animals secrete the carbonate of lime to form the habitations in which they live and the solid integuments of their various parts, and these calcareous fragments, cemented together by the chemical precipitation of the mineral matters held in solution by the waters of the ocean, now constitute many of the limestones and marbles out of which our cities are built, and which enter so largely, in various forms, into the economic use of human life. The alternations of limestone with seams of clay or shale indicate the changing conditions that prevailed in the ocean at this time, as these clay seams were formed by the muddy sediments that at various times were introduced by the currents, or other causes, into the ocean, which, settling to the bottom, formed the shaly, sedimentary strata by which the lime stones were separated. The characteristic fossils of this group occur HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 251 almost everywhere that the rock is exposed. In the debris of the old quar ries, northeast of Quincy, we found Archimedes, Owenana, Agaricocrinus Americanus, Actinocrinus pernodosus, A. biturbinatus, Spirifer Keo kuk, Productus punctatus, and Zaplirentis dalii. In the quarries at Quincy are obtained Aviculopecten amplus, Spirifer striatus and Pro ductus semireticulatus from the cherty beds at the base of the group. Burlington Limestone.— -This formation differs but little in its litho- logical characters from the lower portion of the Keokuk limestone, but is usually of a lighter gray color; and contains intercalated beds of buff or brown limestone, while the bands of the argillaceous shale, which separate the beds in the Keokuk group, are not seen in this. There is, however, one band of green clay, or clay shale, from one to six inches in thickness, intercalated in the beds at Quincy, about midway from the bottom to the top, at the exposure at the lower end of the city, where the beds are well exposed. At the quarries, in the upper layer of the limestone, opposite the steamboat landing, the^ cherty beds belonging to the Keokuk group are quarried, but in the lower part of the city the underlying limestones are well exposed, and are extensively quarried to supply the demand for build ing stone and for burning into lime. The rock is tolerably even bedded, and affords some layers two feet or more in thickness, which, when free from chert, may be cut with facility, and forms an excellent building stone. The following is a section of the rocks exposed in the bluffs, in the lower part of the city of Quincy: FT. Loess, capping the bluft 62 Thin bedded cherty limestone (Keokuk) 13 Light gray limestone (Burlington) 12 Band of green shaly clay (Burlington) % Buff and light gray limestones (Burlington) 36 The lower forty-eight feet of this section belongs to the Burlington limestone, and furnishes most of the building stone and limestone for the manufacture of quick-lime, to supply the city and adjacent country. a The light gray limestones are nearly pure carbonate of lime in their composi tion, and often contain pockets lined with beautiful crystals of calcite. The buff and brown layers contain carbonate of magnesia and iron in small quantities, and some of the lower beds of this formation are highly magne sian, and approach a true dolomite in their composition. On Mill creek, at the old mill, six miles southeast of Quincy, there is about forty feet of this limestone exposed, the lower park of which consists of alternating beds of light gray and brown limestone, all of which are probably more or less magnesian in their composition, and afford an excellent building stone, comparatively free from chert and sufficiently massive to furnish dimension stone of any desired size. From this point to the south line of the county, this limestone forms continuous outcrops along the river bluffs, the expos ures ranging from twenty-five to fifty feet, or more, in thickness. This limestone outcrops only over a limited area in the southwest part of the 252 " HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. county, and a line drawn, from the city of Quincy to the southeast corner of township 3 south, range 7 west, would represent, very nearly, its eastern boundary, while its western would be determined by the river bluffs. The quarries at Quincy have afforded a good many fine examples of the. fossils peculiar to this group, among which the following are the most common species: Spirifer plenus, S. Grimed, Athyris lamellosa, A. incrassatus, Chon- etes Illinoisensis, Productus semireticulatus, P. punctatus, Metoptoma umbella, Platyceras Quincyensis, P biserialis, Actinocrinus Verneu- iliarnus, A. oblatus, A. Hageri, A. Christyi, A. pyriformis, Granat-- ocrinus Norwoodi and G. melo. From the lower beds of this limestone, exposed in the river bluffs, between Mill creek and the south line of the county, we obtained Antino- crinus carica, a very rare species not yet found in any other locality of the State, A. unicornus, A. clarus, A. discoideus, A. verrucosus, Stroto- orinus umbrosus, Codonaster stelliformis, and Pentremites elongatus, with three species of Platycrinus not yet determined. At Quincy we obtained a number of specimens of the remains of cartilaginous fishes, consisting of teeth and spines, and noticed one layer of limestone in the upper part of the quarries, that was well filled with these fragmentary remains. The "first bed" of this division of Lower Carboniferous series was first noticed at Quincy, and a fine series of teeth and spines were obtained from it as early as 1854. The fossil shells and crinoids above named were nearly all of them peculiar to this rock, and an acquaintance with them will enable the observer to distinguish this limestone from the Keokuk group, to which it is closely allied in its lithological characters, being largely composed, like that of the calcareous, of the marine animals that swarmed in count less numbers in the old carboniferous ocean, in which these limestones were formed. Nearly all of the purely calcareous strata of this formation are made up of the remains of marine animals, in which the Crinoidea or Encri- nites, largely predominate, and hence it has been called the Crinoidal or ¦ Encrinital limestone by some of the early observers. It contains a good deal of chert or flint, disseminated through it in seams and nodules, some times forming irregular layers between the limestone strata, but more fre quently in detached nodular or, ovoid masses, in the limestones. These chert bands and nodules furnished the* flints so much used by the Indians in the manufacture of spears, arrow-heads and other rude instruments, and it was probably the most useful and valuable mineral known to them, ante rior to their acquaintance with the white man. Kinderhook Group. — Immediately beneath the Burlington Limestone, we find a series of sedimentary strata, consisting of sandy and argillaceous Bhales, and thin beds of impure limestone, only a portion of which appear above the surface in this county, to which the name Kinderhook Group has HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 253 been applied, from their, fine exposure near the village of Kinderhook, in Pike county. The first considerable exposure met with in this county was at Fall creek, twelve miles_ below Quincy, where there is about thirty feet of this group to be seen in the creek bluffs, beneath the Burlington lime stone. The section here is as follows: FT. Burlington limestone 20 Sandy shale and sandstone 20 Thin bedded silicious limestone 10 Shale to the creek level 6 This formation is altogether about a hundred feet in thickness, and fre quently has a bed of black or chocolate-colored shale intercalated in the lower portion, which has lead many to believe that coal might be found in it. This black shale was reached in the boring, made just below the city oi Quincy, in search of coal, at a depth of about one hundred and fifty feet, but does not come to the surface anywhere in this county. As it lies nearly four hundred feet below any coal seam known in this county, all the time and money spent in the search of coal in this formation, can only result in pecuniary loss and disappointment. This group is exceedingly variable in its lithological characters, and at some localities it becomes quite calcareous, and consists mainly of calcar eous shales and magnesian limestones. The bed silicious, near the base of the above section, may represent the light blue or dove-colored limestone, called, in the Missouri Report, "Lith ographic Limestone," but at this locality it appears more like a stratified flint than anything else. Fossils are quite abundant in the silicious grit stones at Kinderhook and several points in Pike county, but none were found at the exposures on Fall creek. The outcrop of this formation, in Adams county, is restricted to the vicinity of the river bluffs, from this creek to the south line of the county. ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. Bituminous Coal. — About one-half of the entire area of Adams county is underlaid with coal measures, embracing the central and eastern portions of the county, and the strata developed here include the three lower coal seams, and the beds usually associated with them, but the coal seams, except the middle one, are very irregular in their development, and therefore become of little value for the production of coal. The middle seam, or No. 2, the equivalent of the Colchester coal in McDonough county, is gen erally quite regular in its development, and will be found underlying most of the region north and east of Columbus. Its average thickness is a little over two feet, though it frequently attains to thirty inches, and sometimes to three feet. The coal it affords is of fair quality, and in some respects above the average of our western coals. The analysis of Basset's coal will 254 • HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. serve to indicate the quality of the coal obtained from the southern part of the county, and may be compared with the following analysis of Higby's, two miles north of Mendon, which I believe to be an outlier of Coal No. 1. This analysis was made by the late Henry Pratten, and is given in "Nor wood's Analysis of Illinois Coals:" Specific gravity 1.3354 Loss in coking 48.4 Total weight of coke 51.6 6 100 Analytis: Moisture 10.0 Volatile matters 38.4 Carbon in coke 41.2 Ashes (yellow) 10.4 100 Carbon in coal 48.0 This is heavier than that from No. 2, and contains about seven per cent, less of fixed carbon, according to the analysis here given. The coals from Nos. 1 and 3 are usually inferior in quality than that obtained from No. 2, and the two former are not likely to be found suffi- cently persistent in their development in this county to be of any great economical value for the production of fossil fuel. Over all the northeast ern portion of the county No. 2 has been found wherever the measures have been penetrated to the proper depth, or where the right horizon has been exposed by natural causes. The principal drawback to the successful mining of this seam is the shaly character of the roof, which is usually a blue clay shale, though it has been seen at a few localities where it was overlaid by a bituminous shale, which forms a good roof. This coal seam will afford, according to the usual min ing estimates, about two million tons of coal to each square mile of surface which it underlies, and although at the present time there is but little demand for coal except along the railroad lines, yet the time is not very remote when a good coal two feet or more in thickness will be considered of sufficient value and importance to be opened wherever it can be reached at a depth not exceeding one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet below the surface. Building Stone. — All the principal limestone groups of this county furnish more or less building stone of good quality, and there are but few points in the western part of the county where some of them are not easily accessible in the bluffs or valleys of the streams. The Burlington lime stone, which is extensively quarried at Quincy, is one of the most import ant and valuable deposits of building stone, in the county, and as its aggre gate thickness is about one hundred feet, nearly all of which may be used as building stone, the supply from this formation stone might be fairly considered as inexhaustable. It is for the most part a light gray or nearly white semi-crystalline limestone, which cuts easily when free from chert, and is an excellent stone for dry walls as well as for caps and sills, and all the ordinary purposes for which cut stone is required. The buff and brown HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 255 layers contain a small per cent, of iron and magnesia, and the surface becomes more or less stained by long exposure, but the light gray beds are nearly pure carbonate of lime in their composition, and generally retain their original color. The brown magnesian limestone of the St. Louis group is an evenly stratified rock admirably adapted to common use in foundation walls and especially for bridge abutments and culverts, where a rock is required to withstand the combined actions of frost and moisture. This rock may be found in the bluffs of McGee's creek, through nearly its whole course in this county, and also on Bear creek and its tributaries in the northwest part of the county. The bed is variable in thickness, rang ing from five to twenty feet, and it often affords massive strata from two to, three feet thick. In the vicinity of Ferguson's coal bank, four miles north west of Camp Point, there is an outcrop of brown sandstone overlying Coal No. 3, which seems to stand exposure well, as it forms a mural cliff nearly twenty feet high along the creek for some distance, and would probably make a durable building stone. There are but few counties in this State where good building stone is so abundant and easily accessible to all parts of the country as here. Limestone for Lime. — Most of the limestone used in the manufacture of quick-lime is obtained from the Burlington limestone in the vicinity of Quincy, and a large amount of this is produced annually for the supply of the city and the adjacent country. The light gray beds of the Burlington, and bluish-gray strata of the Keokuk group, are each of them sufficiently free from silicious or other foreign material, when carefully selected, to produce a quick-lime 'of excellent quality. The upper, or concretionary bed, of the St. Louis group is also, in many localities, a very pure car bonate of lime, and may be found useful for this purpose; in the eastern portion of the county where the underlying formations are not accessible, its outcrop is mainly around the borders of the coal formation, immedi ately below the sandstone conglomerate which usually forms the base of the coal series. Fire and Potter's Clays. — The under clays of coal seams Nos. 1 and 2 are usually of good quality, and where the strata are of sufficient thick ness they become valuable deposits of fire clay, and may be successfully worked in connection with the coal seams. At some points there is a bed£„ of fine light blue clay shale intervening between these two coal seams, [which, on exposure, weathers to fine plastic clay, and fjorms an excellent potter's clay. This is the bed from which the clay used in the potteries at Ripley, in Brown county, have been obtained. This bed of clay shale is exposed at various points in this county, and will furnish an abundant sup ply of potter's clay, while the under clay of No. 2 may be used for the manufacture of fire brick. Clay and Sand for Brick.— The, subsoil clays intermingled with the fine sand of the Loess form an excellent material for the manufacture of common brick, and may be obtained almost anywhere in the western part \ 256 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. of the county,. and there are but few points in the State that have produced as good an article of common brick as have been manufactured for many years in the vicinity of Quincy. In the eastern part of the county where the Loess is wanting the sand for this purpose may be readily obtained in the alluvial valleys of the small streams. These materials are so uni versally abundant that almost every farmer in the county may find them at hand upon his own premises for 'the manufacture of all brick required for building purposes. Soil and Timber.— As an agricultural region this county is not sur passed by any portion of the State, of the same geographical area. The western portion of the county, including a belt of country from five to ten miles in width adjacent to the river bluffs, and extending through its entire length from north to south, is underlaid by marly sands and clays of Loess, and possesses a soil of remarkable fertility, with an undulating sur face which furnishes a free drainage, so that with a rather porous subsoil it is less subject to the deleterious influences of remarkably dry or wet seasons than the other upland soils of the county. The growth of timber on this variety of soil consists principally of red, white, and black oak, pignut and shell-bark hickory, elm, black and white walnut, sugar maple, linden, wild cherry and honey locust. These lands are admirably adapted to the growth of fruit, and this portion of Adams county has been long and favorably known as one of the finest fruit regions in this portion of the State. On the breaks of McGee's creek and its tributaries the surface is con siderably broken, and the soil, which is mainly derived from the drift clays, is a stiff clay loam, better adapted to the growth of wheat and grass than almost any other crop usually grown in this latitude. The growth of timber on this kind of soil consists mainly of two or three varieties of oak and hickory, which is the characteristic growth of the " oak ridges," that are so frequently met with in the small streams in this and other portions of the State. In the northeastern portion of the county there is a con siderable area of comparatively level prairie, covered with a deep black soil, highly charged with vegetable matter derived from the annual growth and decay of the shrubs and grasses which clothe its surface. This black prairie soil is predicated upon a fine silicious brown clay subsoil, which does not permit the surface water to pass freely through it, and hence these lands suffer greatly from a surplus of water during a wet season. They are very productive, however, when the season is favorable, and produce abundant crops of all the cereals usually grown in this latitude. A judici ous system of drainage would add greatly to the productive capacities of this soil. The alluvial bottom lands bordering the Mississippi are gener ally similar in their character to those in Pike county, and are heavily tim bered with the same varieties. Where these bottom lands are elevated above the annual overflow of the river they are exceedingly productive, and rank among the most valuable farming1 lands in the mnntf iii HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 257 CHAPTER II. FEENCH MlSSIONAEIES DlSCOVEEY OF THE MISSISSIPPI HlSTOEY PfilOE TO State Oeganization — Fiest White Settlement of County — Oegan- IZATION OF THE COUNTY OeIGIN OF NAMES OF COUNTY AND COUNTY Seat — Fiest Electon — Couet Seals — Entey of County Seat Land — Quincy Platted — Fiest Sale of Town Lots — Fiest Maeeiage. feench mlssionaeies. In the year 1632, seven years after Quebec was founded by the French, the missionaries had penetrated as far as West Lake Huron. The Wyandots and Iroquois Indians were at that time engaged in a war of extermination, and the priests, following their converts through good and evil fortunes, and tenaciously adhering to the altars which they had reared by perilous exertion in the wilderness, shared all the privations and dangers which usually attend these savage feuds. DlSCOVEEY OF THE MISSISSIPPI. In their intercourse with the Indians on the shores of the north ern lakes, the French became informed of the existence of a river flowing to the south, and^ desired to ascertain its character. Father Marquette, a priest, and Joliet, an inhabitant of Quebec, were em ployed to prosecute this work of discovery; and having ascended the Fox river crossed the portage, and descending the Ouisconsin (now Wisconsin), entered the Mississippi on the 17th of June, 1673. They pur sued the course of that mighty stream to its confluence with the Arkansas, and on their return ascended the Illinois and re-entered Lake Michigan at Chicago. Meeting with some of the natives, LaSalle remarks : " We asked them what nation they were of; they answered they were Islinois, of a can ton called Cascaiquia." This account settles the question as to the origin of the name of this country, which some have supposed to be of French origin, and to be derived from the words Isle aux nois, but which undoubt-' edly is aboriginal, although the orthography may be Gallic. The tribe alluded to were the Ulini. HISTOEY PEIOE TO STATE OEGANIZATION. In 1712 Louis XIV., by letters patent, granted to Anthony Crozat, counsellor of state, etc., and his heirs in perpetuity, all the mines within the tract of country then called Louisiana, and described in these words: "Bounded by New Mexico on the west, and by the lands 258 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. of the English of Carolina on the east, including all the ports, havens. rivers, and principally the port and haven of the isles of Dauphin, heretofore called Massacre; the river of St. Louis, heretofore called Mis sissippi, from the edge of the sea as far as the Illinois, together with the river St. Philip, heretofore called Ouabache [now Ohio], with all the coun tries, territories, lakes within land, and rivers which fall directly or indi rectly into that part of the river of St. Louis." This included all the territory now comprised in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, Illinois, Missouri and Arkansas. Louis granted Crozat the exclusive privilege for commercial purposes for the term of fifteen years. In 1717, M. Crozat relinquished his grant, and in the same year letters patent were granted to an association of individuals at Paris under the style of the " Company of the West," by which they were invested with the same rights and privileges which had been given to Crozat, together with others far more extensive. The territory was granted to them in allodium, in lordship and in justice, the crown reserving no other rights than those of fealty and homage. In 1718, the Company of the West formed an establishment in Illi nois, at Fort Chartres, and this part of the country being reported as remarkably fertile, received a great accession of population. In 1719, by an edict of the king, the Company of the West was united to the East India and Chinese Company, under the title of "La Compagnie Royale des Indes." Finally, in 1731, the whole territory was reconveyed to the crown of France, the object of the company having totally failed. In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre vent its falling into the hands of the English. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fontainbleau, gave the country in question to England. In 1779 it was captured from the English by Col. Geo. Rogers Clark, and finally, four years later, by the treaty of peace between the United States and England, that part of the country which embraced ' Illinois was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States, and in 1784 Virginia ceded the northwest territory to the general government, to be cut into states. In the year 1809 — Feb. 3d — Illinois was erected as a territory, with the capital at Kaskaskia, near the mouth of Kahokia creek. Thus it will be seeii that about two hundred and six years ago, Marquette, the first white explorer of the upper Mississippi, floated down the father of waters, passing along the borders of Adams county, and, it may have been, that he made a brief halt at, or near, where the beautiful city of Quincy now stands. To strengthen that belief, he has mentioned in his journal of that voyage the bluffs upon the eastern bank of the river, and also made a rude sketch of the same. From that time until 1811, the history of the country which now com- SSIifSSSpli Br ^*- * (deceased) QUINCY HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 25 i) poses Adams county was completely hidden from the civilized world, neither legend or record throwing any light upon the subject. It is said that one Bauvet, a French trader, located on the bluffs of Quincy, but was soon afterwards killed by the Indians. A legend comes down from the same shadowy source that there was an Indian village located on the bluffs of Quincy, but from the most authentic sources of information to be obtained such was not the case ; but, however, there was an Indian village near Bear creek, in the northwest part of the county, as evidences still remain of a permanent occupation by the noble red man of the Sauk tribe. In 1813, Gen. Howard, with two regiments of mounted rangers from Illinois and Missouri, on an expedition to the north part of the territory, passed this point, and found the remnants of some rough stone chimneys and a few wigwam poles along the shore near the bluffs. The legendary stories of the existence of this savage village of the Sauk tribe, which flourished here in the olden time, relate that its uncivil ized inhabitants on hearing of the approach of Gen. Howard and his two regiments of mounted rangers, fled from their homes, and left the village to the tender care and mercies of the pale faces. Gen. Howard's rangers, upon their arrival at the place, burned the village and passed on. For a period of about six years the future county of Adams appears to have retired from the public gaze, as neither legend, romance or record reveals to us anything which may have taken place. FIEST WHITE SETTLEMENT OF COUNTY. Williard Keyes, one of the pioneers of Adams county, says, in his lecture before the New England Society : " We floated past the model city (Quincy) on the 10th of May, 1819, unconscious of our future destiny in its eventful history." In the summer of 1820 Asa Tyrer, searching for his land, (which he afterwards settled upon, just southeast of the city, being at the river side when the "Western Engineer," the first steamboat that ever stopped at Quincy, came in sight, took passage for some point down the river. In. February, 1821, John Wood came, at the solicitation of a man named Flynn, to find his land, and was successful, it having been located on the very spot where Gov. Wood's orchard is now growing. Flynn was dissatisfied with the location, while, on the contrary, Wood was enraptured with the locality, and upon his return to his home in the East, so impressed Keyes, who was his partner, with the beauties of the section that Keyes came to Quincy, and encamped near the foot of Vermont street, spending some time tracing lines and exploring the country. There were several other persons who had moved into this section since 1820. Of these, Justus I. Perigo was here in 1820, and it may safely be said that he was the first actual settler in Adams county. He resided on what is now the eastern portion of Fall Creek township. Daniel Lisle 260 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. came here about the same time, and located not far from the present town of Libert}'. In December, 1822, John Wood, in company with a man by the name of Longley, erected the first cabin in Quincy. It stood on the east side of Front street, south of Delaware. It was a queer mansion, compared with the pal atial one which he afterwards erected at the corner of State and 12th streets, in Quincy. The dimensions were 18x20, and it was decidedly an economical affair. Not a nail was used in its construction, it being fastened together by wooden pegs. In the spring of 1823 Jeremiah Rose moved from Pike* county with his wife and child, and took up his abode with Wood, he being a joint owner in the mansion heretofore described, Mrs. Rose being the first white woman who settled in Adams county, and her daughter, afterwards Mrs. Geo. W. Brown, the first white child resident. The immigration to the county in the next few years following was not very rapid, most of those who came settling in the Bear creek and Rock creek sections, and some few in and near Quincy. The Beebes, Holcombs and Thomases on Fall creek, Campbells, Grosony and Worleys about Rock creek, during the year 1823. Asa Tyrer came to Quincy with his family in 1824, and erected the blacksmith shop. More than one-half the land comprising the military tract was land granted to the soldiers of 1812, and was not subject to entry, and as none could be purchased except what was known as the bounty lands, the settlement was much retarded on that account. In the year of 1824 Williard Keyes returned to Quincy and erected his cabin near what is now Vermont and Front streets. Jno. Droullard came about the same time and erected his cabin near the corner of 7th and Hampshire streets, in Quincy. As part of the Northwest Territory, in 1790 all of Illinois south of what is now Peoria was made the county of St. Clair, with Cahokia as the county seat. In 1812 the northern portion of St. Clair county, above St. Louis, was created Madison county, with Edwardsville as the county seat. the county extending to the Wisconsin line. Illinois was admitted into the Union as a State, April 18, 1818. On the 31st of January, 1821, all of Madison county between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers was detached and made Pike county, with Coles Grove, now Giliad, in Calhoun countyj as the county seat. COUNTY OEGANIZATION. On the 14th day of September, 1824, John Wood inserted the follow ing notice in the Edwardsville Spectator: A petition will be presented to the General Assembly of the State of Illinois, at its next session, praying for the establishment oi a new county, to be formed from the county of Pike and the parts attached, the southern boundary of which shall be between towns three and four, south of the base line. [Signed] August 17. (12t) John Wood. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 261 The notice having been published twelve times, as required by the law then in force relating to the formation of new counties, the General Assem bly was not slow in considering the matter presented in the petition of Mr. Wood, and at the following session passed a bill which was approved on the 18th day of January, 1825, of which the following is a copy. The county of Adams was formed out of the counties of Pike and Fulton and the attached parts, by an act of the Legislature, approved Jan uary 13th, 1825. Act: Be it enacted, that all that tract of country within the following boundaries, to-wit : beginning at the place where the township line between townships three south and four south touches the Mississippi river, thence east on said line to the range line between ranges four and five west, thence north on said range line to the northeast corner of township two north, range five west, thence west on said township line to the Mississippi river, and thence down said river to the place of beginning, shall constitute a county, to be called the county of Adams. The same act appoints Seymore Kellogg of Morgan county, Joel Wright of Montgomery county, and David Dutton of Pike county, to select a permanent seat of justice for the new county, and directs them to meet at the house of Ebenezer Harkness, in said county, on the first Monday of the next April, or within seven days there after, and after taking the oath before a justice of the peace, to locate the seat of justice for the future accommodation and convenience of the people, shall proceed to fix the seat of justice, and when fixed it shall be the permanent seat of justice of said county; and the commissioners shall forthwith make out a copy of their proceedings and file them in the office of the recorder of Pike county; and the said commissioners shall receive the sum of two dollars per day for each day spent by them in the discharge of their duties, and for each day spent in going to or returning from the same, to be paid out of the first money paid into the treasury of said county of Adams after its organization. On the 30th of April, 1825, Messrs. Kellogg and Dutton, two of the commissioners, came to the town site, as Quincy was then called, prepared to locate the county seat. They were determined to place it at the geograph ical center of the county, and procured Williard Keyes as a guide, who was known as a skillful land hunter. He however, from some cause not fully explained but which may be attributed to a little self-interest, led them into the bogs and quagmires of Mill creek, where they floundered around for a whole day, and were at night-fall compelled to return to the town site for shelter. The next morning the commissioners had changed their minds, and forming a procession composed of three-fourths of the male population of the place, they proceeded to the spot now known as Washington Square, and halting near the east park gate, drove their stake into the ground and officially announced that the northwest quarter of section 2, town 2, south range 9, west of 4th principal meridian, was the county seat of Adams county, and placing their hands upon the stake named the place Quincy. 262 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. OEIGIN OF NAMES OF COUNTY AND COUNTY SEAT. The name of the county and county seat was suggested by the follow ing incident: In November, 1824, on the day appointed to choose electors of President and Vice-President, the settlers living in and around that portion of the kingdom of Pike, now called Adams county, being of an enterprising turn determined to hold an election, and organizing an election precinct, appointing their judges and clerks, using an antiquated tea-pot for a ballot- box, they proceeded to open the polls. It was found upon counting the ballots that about twenty-five votes had been cast for the Jno. Quincy Adams' elector. There were some Missourians present, and they were by general consent permitted to vote. Thus it will be seen that ballot-box stuffing was of early origin even on the frontiers. The votes were received without protestor "electoral commission," and William Harrison, the Adams' elector, was chosen. It was thereupon suggested to the legislature that the name of the county be Adams. At the time the commissioners established the county seat, the late election was one of the principal topics of conversation, and Kellogg, one of the commissioners from Morgan county, was a strong Adams' man; he informed the persons present that the Morgan county people had called their county seat Jacksonville in honor of the defeated candidate. Some one in the crowd suggested " let us take another slice from the President's name and call our county seat Quincy, and in the struggle for position among the counties of the state, we will see who takes the lead Adams or Jackson." Time has shown, and we leave it for the reader to decide which of the counties has gained the foremost rank in the march of progress. At the time of the establishment of the county seat, there were pres ent of the people composing Quincy, Williard Keyes, Jeremiah Rose, and John Droullard; John Wood, the other one-fourth of the population, being. absent on a business trip to St. Louis. FIEST ELECTION. On the 2d of July, 1825, in pursuance of an order of the Judge of the Circuit Court, the first election for county officers was held at the cabin of Williard Keyes; about forty votes were cast, and Levi Wells, Peter Journey, and Williard Keyes were elected county commissioners. Peter Journey, a Jerseyman by birth, resided at the lower end of the bluff some ten miles south of Quincy, in what is now Fall Creek township, Williard Keyes of Quincy living at what is now the foot of Vermont St., and Levi Wells residing near what is now the village of Payson. The county had at this time an estimated population of about seventy; the population now — 1879 — being estimated at 70,000. What a striking illustration of the progress made by our country, and results not even dreamed of by those sturdy pioneers who waited at its birth. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 263 COUET SEALS. On Monday, July 4, 1825, the first county court of Adams county was duly organized in the cabin of Williard Keyes at Quincy. Messrs. Journey, Keyes and Wells, Commissioners, all being present, Earl Pierce was appointed a special constable for the court, and Henry H. Snow was appointed clerk, enter ing into a bond for the faithful performance of the duties thereof, having Earl Pierce and Levi Hudley as sureties upon his bOnd. Ira Pierce was deputed to take the census of the county. At the same time Joshua Streeter, John L. Soule, Lewis C. K. Hamilton and Amos Bancroft were recommended to the Governor and received their appointment as Justices of the Peace. The clerk was authorized to procure seals for the county and circuit courts, the seals to contain these words, viz: " Seal County Commissioners Court, Adams Co., 111., 1825." " Seal Circuit Court, Adams Co., 111., 1825." He was also authorized to procure the necessary stationery for use of the Court, using his own discretion as to quality and quantity. It is self-evident that those early people had faith in their public servants more than is now shown to the unfortunate wight who thirsts for political honor in the way of a county office. However, H. H. Snow is described as a remarkable man in his way, and was one of nature's noblemen. He had arrived in the county but a short time previous to the convening of the court, and having good clerical ability, was the man for the hour. He afterward held some four or five of the county offices at one and the same time. The Pierces lived some five miles south of Quincy near what is now called the Alexander farm. ENTEY OF COUNTY SEAT. I The quarter section designated by the commissioners appointed by the Legislature as the county seat, not being subject to entry, the clerk was instructed at this term of the court to apply to the land office at Edwards ville for its pre-emption according to an act of Congress, granting to coun ties the right of pre-emption to one quarter section of public lands for a county seat. In that day as in this, it was no trouble to make the order, but it was decidedly more difficult to raise the money. It appears, as the following will show, that the county officials had personal credit. At least, the money was borrowed from one Russell Farnham, a river trader who agreed to loan the commissioners $200, taking the personal note of the commissioners for the payment of the same. The following is a true copy of the note: State of Illinois, [ Adams County. \ Eor value received of Russell Farnham, we, the undersigned, county commissioners ot said county, promise in the name of the aforesaid county, to pay him or his order the sum 264 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. of two hundred dollars on or before the fifteenth day of May next, with interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum, from the seventeenth day of August last till paid. Dated at Quincy, this sixth of September, 1825. Williard KBVBslCount Witness: } Levi Wells, V Commisioners Jeremiah Rose, Dep. Cl'k j- Petek Joubney, J For Henry H. Snow, Cl'k. } The following are the endorsements on the note: Paid Russell Farnham, two hundred and five dollars as per his receipt of April 10th, 1829. ($205). Tillson & Holmes. Paid Mr. Farnham, seventy-four dollars and fifty-nine cents, being balance of interest due on this note, which amount is in full for principal and interest due him on the within note (without date). Robeet Tillson. The note was, however, taken up on the 1st of 'May, 1830. It appears from the above note that the money was obtained August 17, 1825, and the note given for it September 6th following; it has been said that Gov. Wood made the arrangement for the money in the first place, thereby securing the land, and a conveyance was made by the United States to the county of Adams and its successors on the 13th of February, 1832. QUINCY PLATTED. In November, 1825, the County Commissioners' Court ordered that the land purchased from the government be laid off and platted as the town of Quincy. Henry H. Snow was appointed to perform the work and to receive as compensation one dollar per day while so engaged, and he was authorized to employ assistants at the rate of seventy-five cents per day. The commissioners set apart block 12 for a public square, and the west half of block 11 was appropriated for the public buildings. On Monday, September 5, 1825, the Commissioners' Court ordered that the persons then living in township three, south range eight, west of the fourth principal meridian, be organized into a school district, to be called District No. 1. Thus, at that early date, do we see the people moving in the commendable work of education, and to-day, from that feeble little band of struggling, heroic pioneers, has grown into existence some of the finest schools of which this or any other county can boast. On the 13th of December, 1825, fifty-one lots', which had been adver tised for sale in the Edwardsville and St. Louis papers, were sold at public auction by the county commissioners, the most of them being purchased by the commissioners, sheriff and other citizens of the county, very few being sold to outside speculators. Feeling that it would be of interest to the readers of this work to see a list of the lots sold, with the prices the lots brought, we insert it. Many now who are familiar with the lots and the present value to which they have grown, will in looking over the list recall opportunities, without number, when a trifling investment, with the advantages of the past progress of the county, would have placed them in a position to which we all struggle to attain and few succeed — easy and HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 265 affluent circumstances. It is related that one of the old citizens of the county recently, in commenting upon the opportunities presented in Quincy to acquire wealth by real estate investments, made the remark, " I remember when I could have purchased the whole of the lot on which the Quincy House now stands for a pair of boots." " Why," 6aid the person whom he addressed, "did yon not make the purchase? " "For a very good reason," he answered ; " it was a cash offer, and I hadn't the boots." FIRST SALE OF TOWN LOTS IN QUINCY. Lot 6, Blk. 15, Peter Journey $19.50 Hiram R. Hawley 12.00 Dr. McMillen 12.00 19.50 Peter Journey 18.50 19.00 Williard Keyes 20.00 " 30.00 " 38 00 " 25.50 Edward White 20.50 Jeremiah Rose 21.00 " 6.00 Samuel Seward 6.50 " 6.50 " 10,00 " 15.00 John Wood 13.25 " 16.75 Rufus Brown 19.00 " 27.00 Hiram R. Hawley 18.25 " 18.00 " Ira Pierce 14.50 " " " 11.50 17 JohnL. Soule 5.50 "5 "4 "3"6 "5"4 "3 "6"5"4"3 "2 "7 "1" 1 "2"3 "4 "1"2 "3"4 "1 151615 1619 18 Lot 2, Blk. 17 "3 " " "4 (( u " 5 " 14 "6 ii tt "7 a it "8 H (i "4 " 13 "5 " "6 a. ii "7 it ii "4 " 20 "5 U U "8 " 19 "7 it u "6 u u "5 (i LI 18 17 "7 "6"5 John Wood $ 400 H. H. Snow 6.00 " 12.25 Levi Wells 5.50 Levi Hadley 7.00 6.00 9.50 11.00 18.00 Samuel Seward 20.00 Levi Hadley 9.00 Peter Journey 16.25 " 8.00 Jeremiah Rose 14.00 " 16.00 Rufus Brown 14.00 H. H. Snow 18.00 Asa Tyrer 14.50 Dr. McMellen 14.25 Levi Hadley 12.50 14.50 JohnL. Soule 10.00 " 10.00 Daniel Moore 5.50 Rufus Brown 5.00 FIEST MAEEIAGE. The first marriage ceremony that ever took place in the town of Quincy occurred during this year, being the marriage in June of Amos Bancroft to Miss Ames. 266 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. CHAPTER III. Fiest Couet House— County Commissionees' Coubt— Town Rates— Rules of County Commissionees' Couet — Lead Mines Excitement — Suckees — School and Tempeeance — Fiest Stock of Goods — Fiest Feeey Rates — Main Steeet Opened in Quincy — Fiscal — Fiest County Jail — Fiest Peeaching — Beick Made — Deep Snow. fiest couet house. The county had been organized, the County Commissioners' Court and other county functionaries had entered upon the discharge of their official duties. Courts had already been held in the county, at such places as could be best procured for such purposes, but no building had been erected for these purposes, and the heads of the county had no permanent place of abode, officially speaking, and one must needs be built for the future use and convenience of the county government. Proceedings for this purpose were commenced in the year 1825. On Friday, December 16, 1825, the County Court instructed the sheriff of Adams county to offer to the lowest bidder the building of the body of a court-house of the following dimensions, to- wit: To be twenty-two feet long and eighteen feet wide in the clear ; to be built of hewn logs, seven inches thick ; to face not lfess than ten inches ; to be laid as close together as they are in Mr. Rose's house, with stone to be placed under the corners, and the middle of each sill not less than eight inches high, and to' be two stories high, the lower story to be eight feet high and the upper story five feet, with nine joists and eight sleepers ; the building to be1 covered with oak clapboards, to be four feet long, and laid close together, and three boards thick, to be completed by the 15th of March, 1826. At the same time, the sheriff was instructed to let to the lowest bidder the following work, to be done on said court house: Four twelve-light windows, two in the front and two in the rear, in lower story, and four six-light windows in the upper story, to be placed in the same manner, made to slide sideways, and one door in the front of the lower story, three feet wide, six and one-half feet high, with the necessary door and window casings, to be completed by the 15th of May, 1826; two floors of planks, one and one-quarter inches thick, or hewn puncheons. The center of the upper story to be made of sawed planks, boards,- or clapboards, and two flight of steps, to be made in a plain, substantial manner. The upper floor, if made of puncheons, to be hewed on both sides; a good, stone chimney, with a fire-place in the upper story, HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 267 the back of which to be two and one-half feet wide, and one in the lower story to be three and one-half feet wide at back, and hearth to each fire place of brick or stone, the whole to be done in a workman-like manner. The work of placing, the logs was let to John Soule, for seventy-nine dollars. The other contractors were: Williard Keyes, windows and doors, twenty -five dollars; John Soule, stairways, thirty-two dollars; Levi Hadley, chimneys, etc., forty-nine dollars and fifty cents. This building stood as one of the land-marks of Quincy, and was the scene of many a victory and defeat for our worthy legal gentlemen, many of whom have become famous as lawyers, orators and statesmen, the length and breadth of our great country. The building was convenient in those days for public uses, and of very general utility, being used for church, school-house, exhibition, lecture and political purposes. The upper story was used as a clerk's office, lawyer's office, Mr. Browning having had his office there for a time, and finally for a carpenter shop, and we presume that while cases were being tried down stairs, casings were being made up stairs. It finally closed its history, being destroyed by fire about the year 1836, when the brick court-house on Fifth street, between Main and Hampshire streets, was commenced. It was in the year 1826 that the first law-office was opened, when Judge Logan came to Quincy to practice, and, in vulgar parlance, " hung out his shingle." In the same year, the first hotel opened in Quincy was started by Rufus Brown, on the lot where the Quincy House now stands. The County Commissioners' Court had full power to grant licenses, etc., and during the year of 1826, Rufus Brown applied for and received a license to keep a hotel, the license being placed at the exorbitant sum of one dollar and clerk's fees. The Court also at the March term, 1826, estab lished the following rates by which tavern-keepers were to be governed in making their charges : : For each meal of victuals $ 25 Lodging for night 12% A % Pmt of whisky 12% " " " " brandy 37% "" " "rum 8% " " " " wine 37% Wine per bottle 100 Gin per bottle 18% Horse feed per night, fodder and grain 25 Single horse feed > 12% EULES OF COUNTY COMMISSIONEES' COUET. One of the first rules of the County Commissioners' Court which appears of record, adopted Sept. 4th, 1826, is as follows: " Ordered that the following be adopted as a rule of this court: That this court always give their opinion in'writing on any case of controversy, and that there shall be no argument after the decision of the court is given. The court shall on all such cases of controversy consult together privately 268 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. or otherwise, as a majority of them shall think proper; and further, that either number of the court shall have the privilege of entering his protest as a matter of record to any opinion given by a majority of this court." In 1823 Col. James Johnson, a brother of Richard M., who killed Tecumseh, leased from the United States government the lead mines in and around Galena, and, having been very successful, the movement at tracted the attention of every enterprising man in Western Illinois and of course Adams county shared in the general excitement, and quite a num ber of the citizens started for the scene full of the hope that their fortunes would soon be made. The excitement was, however, but temporary, and soon it was discovered that there was considerable humbug about the chances for making fortunes, but for several years numbers of persons would go up to the mines in the spring — work during the summer season, and upon the approach of autumn return to their homes, and on this account they were, and probably all Illinoisans weie first called " Suckers." During the year of 1829 Levi Hadley, the first sheriff appointed for Adams county, while on his way to Galena, fell from a steamboat and was drowned. SCHOOL AND TEMPEEANCE. As early as 1827 the people commenced to evince an interest in educa tional matters, and Jabez Porter opened a school in Quincy, using the old log court-house as his school-room. It is also a matter of record that in the same year the first grocery was established in Quincy — a business which, although changed in name still flourishes, but is being vigorously assailed at present by its opponents of the red and blue ribbon brotherhood, who had the example set them of banding together to fight in the cause •of subduing alcoholic appetite as early as the year 1830, when the first temperance organization was effected in the county at Quincy with twelve members; but the writer, from 'the best information he is able to obtain, believes that the president of the organization became intoxicated, and the interest of the members in the cause somewhat abated. STOCK OF GOODS. \ During the same year, Asher Anderson arrived from Maryland with a stock of goods, took out a license and opened the first store for the sale of dry goods, &c, in the county of Adams. Williard Keyes was recom mended to the Governor as a suitable person for the office of Justice of the Peace, and on June 5th, of the same year, Lewis C. K. Hamilton, in the open court, entered as a matter of record the emancipation of a certain negro boy named "Buck," and gave bonds as required by law for the main tenance of the said boy. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 269 FEEEY BATES. The Court also granted Ira Pierce a right to keep a ferry across the Mississippi river at Quincy, and established the following rates of ferryage: Each loaded wagon drawn by 2 horses or oxen $1.50 « " " " "4 " " " 2.00 " unloaded " " " 2 " " " 1 00 " 4 " " " 1.50 " pleasure wagon or carriage drawn by 2 horses or oxen 1.00 " " " " " " " 1 horse "ox 75 " man and horse 50 " foot passenger 25 " single horse or neat cattle over one year old 18% " sheep, hog or goat 6% " horse cart drawn by one horse .- 50 MAIN STEEET OPENED. On Tuesday, June 5th, 1827, the County Commissioners' Court appro priated $20 to open Main street from the river to the public square, and Rufus Brown was appointed to superintend the work. FISCAL. Below will be found an abstract from an official report of Adams county fiscal concerns, of date, December 1st, 1827: Amount of notes vs. individuals for town lots sold, now in Treasury, $1,040.52 Amount of revenue received from State of Illinois for current year, in Auditor's warrants, 52 per cent, on $275 171.87% $1,212.39% Amount of outstanding orders $153.63 Note vs. County to Russell Farnham, now due at 10 per cent 200.00 Interest due 46.66 400.29 $812.10% FIEST COUNTY JAIL. On Monday, March 7th, 1827, the County Commissioners' Court gave notice that they would let, to the lowest bidder, a contract for building a county jail of the following dimensions, viz: The logs to be sixteen feet long each way, to face fourteen inches square, to be let down well at the corners, and close upon one another, with a good dovetail notch at the corners, and to be floored with timber of the same size both above and below, and to be seven and one-half feet between the floors in the lower story, and the halls of the upper story to be four and one-half feet high, and to be covered with good shingles well nailed on; the said shingles to be eighteen inches long, the gable ends to be well studded and boarded up, and to have a door in one end six feet high and three feet wide, to be made of two-inch plank, to be hung with good iron hinges, and furnished with a substantial, strong lock for the size of the door; with one window in the lower hall, one foot square, secured by! iron grates of inch diameter, well let into the timber at each end, and to be two inches apart from center to center ; with a flight of 270 • HISTOEY OF ADAMS .COUNTY. steps to lead to the outside door, and a trap door to communicate with lower story, to be three feet by two feet, and made of oak plank two inches thick and composed of two thicknesses, well fastened together with iron spikes, and the logs where the door is made to be well dowelled together with two-inch pins. The work to be done in a good, substantial manner, as a jail should be. The timber to be all of oak. Said jail to be located on lot 6, block 11, immediately adjoining the "stray pen," and fronting on Main street, near 5th street, where now is Kelly & Rogers block. Ephraim Green, being the lowest bidder, obtained the contract to build the jail, he having bid the sum of $150.50. FIEST PEEACHING. The people of ,the county do not seem to have taken much interest in religious matters until, in the year 1828, we find that the Rev. J. Porter, a Methodist minister, delivered a sermon in the town of Quincy, which will be properly referred to in a subsequent chapter of this work. During this year Messrs. Tillson & Holmes opened the second store in Adams county, in a building on the northwest corner of Hampshire and 5th streets, which they occupied until the following year, when they moved into the first frame building erected in Quincy, and long known as the " Old Post Office Corner," on the corner of 4th and Main streets. , It was during this year, also, that the manufacturing of brick was first inaugurated, and the first bricks made may now be seen in the south side of the building, on the corner of 4th and Main streets, known as the Tillson block. In 1830, Asher Anderson erected the first brick house in the county, in Quincy, near the corner of 3d and Main streets. DEEP SNOW. This year, 1830, is memorable and famous in the annals of the county as being the year of the " Deep Snow," and is an event which is impressed so vividly upon the minds of all the old settlers as never to be forgotten, and, in fact, many of them appear to date everything of public importance that has transpired during their lives from that time; and it is thus they say, " before the big snow," or, " after the big snow." It commenced snowing about the last of December and snowed for several days and nights without interruption, reaching an average depth of four feet, and in many places drifting to the depth of eighteen and twenty feet. It caused the people to undergo many privations, and great suffering was experienced by the settlers. The settlers relied for their daily food upon the Indian corn which they were enabled to raise, together with wild game, which was abundant at that time. Plenty of the former was raised to supply the wants until the next season's crop, but when the snow fell very little had been gathered, and those without at the time were compelled to rely on their neighbors who had been more fortunate, for help, which, in those - QUINCY HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 271 days of pioneers, was readily given, and rather regarded as a neighborly obligation than a duty. Game could not be had. The great depth of snow was a barrier to all travel, and it may be well imagined that the sufferings of the people were very great indeed. It is related that Mr. Lockey, who lived, at that time, two miles above Naples, on the Illinois river, went a mile and a half from home on the morning the snow began to fall, to haul in some corn; but when he reached the farm on which the corn was to be obtained it began to snow, and stormed so hard it was almost impossible for any one to see or get about. He remained there until night for the storm to abate, but it continued with increased fury, and by night was over eighteen inches deep, and still falling. Mr. L. brought his oxen with him to draw in the corn, and, thinking he must go home to his wife and their two little children, he concluded the best mode of travel was to climb on the back of his most gentle ox and ride him home ; but here he met with a new difficulty; the ox's back was covered with snow and slippery, and despite every plan and the most determined efforts he could not succeed; as a final desperate resort he decided to wind the tail of the gentle ox firmly around his hand, and endeavor to follow them home, trusting to their instincts to guide the way. He started, but before they went many rods he found it impossible to keep his feet and travel after them, so he held his grip and allowed them to drag him the entire distance home. When he arrived his clothes were filled with snow, but he was warm, and by changing his clothing experienced no serious damage from being dragged a mile and a half through two feet of snow. The snow lay on the ground until about the first of April, and we have little doubt but that many a weary one during that long winter sighed for the comforts of the " old home." Still, notwithstanding its great dreari ness and the great sufferings of the people, none became disheartened, for we find the sturdy settlers of Adams, in the spring of 1831, as determined as ever to carve out for themselves a home and fortune in this truly beau tiful country. 272 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. CHAPTER IV. Fiest Floueing Mill — Land Office — Investigation — Taveen Rates Re established — Weathee in '32 — Black Hawk Wae — Anecdotes — Causes of Slow Geowth — Choleea — Population — Peices of Peo- duce — Wild-Cat Schemes— Ageicultueal — Mails — Peices in Quin cy — The Jail — Election Peecincts — Incoepoeation — County Seat Contest — Columbus — Highland County. fiest MILL. In those days the people lived many miles distant from mills and from any point where provisions or supplies of any kind could be obtained. The residents of the county were compelled to do without many of the articles . which are considered now-a-days the " necessaries of life." Coffee was made from the seed of Okro, an herb which at that time was cultivated for that purpose, and wild honey, which was found in abundance, was used as sweetening. It was forty miles to the nearest blacksmith shop, at Atlas, Pike county, and farmers were compelled to carry their plows that distance on horse-back to have them sharpened. In the year 1831, an enterprise, much needed in those dayrs of meager facilities for procuring the necessaries and conveniences of daily life, was put into operation, by the erection in Quincy of the first steam flouring- mill, thus saving the early settlers many miles of travel. LAND OFFICE. In the same year — 1831 — the United States land office was established at Quincy,.with Samuel Alexander as register.and Thomas Corlin as receiver. The first entry of land was made in December of that' year, and during the following year but seventeen additional entries had been made. It was during this year, 1831, that the first addition to the town of Quincy was laid out by John Wood, and John E. Jeffries built the Land Office Hotel on the north side of the public square. This for many years was a place of very general public resort, and headquarters for the mutual interchange of local news and gossip. Many are the associations of this historical house. It has long since been numbered with 'the institutions of the past. INVESTIGATION. The first investigation of a public official in the county of Adams was in the year of 1831. Abe Prickett, Gen. Hite, and John E. Jeffries accused H. H. Snow, clerk of the courts, with malconduct, and on March 26 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 273 1831, the court having duly investigated the charges, found him not guilty. Archy Williams defended Mr, Snow, and made a splendid speech in his behalf, which went a long ways toward shaping the verdict. Considerable feeling was evinced by the public, and when the court announced their ver dict it is said that John Wood, who was present, whispered loud enough to be heard all through' the court room, "Virtue rewarded!" Tom King, feeling that Snow had been outraged, upon the adjournment of the court attacked Hite and gave him a severe beating, and then turned his attention to Prickett whom he served in a like manner, and had Jeffries not made his escape by fleeing from the scene he would undoubtedly have been served in the same manner. TAVEEN EATES EE-ESTABLISHED. As is known by all, in those days each person taking out a tavern license was regulated by a special act of the Commissioners' Court. The moving object in taking out a license was that the keeper of the tavern might legally sell liquors. Certain it is that occasionally a traveler would come along who would prefer sleeping under the shelter of a roof, but this we believe was only the exception, for in most cases they would camp out. The tavern-keeper did not expect to make his money by keeping an inn proper, but the chief source of income was the sale of liquors, or from what in later days is denominated a saloon. On Tuesday, March 8, 1831, tavern rates were re-established as follows, which appears to have been required by the innovation or use of mixed drinks: CTS. For keeping horse per night, with fodder and grain 25 Each meal of victuals 25 Lodgings per night 12% Single horse feed 12% Whiskey or peach brandy % pt 12% French brandy, Holland Gin, and good Jamaica Spirits, % pt 25 Maderia Wine 37% " " small glass 12% Other Wine " " 06^ " " pr.%pt 18M Punch pr. glass, with % gill good liquor .12% Single drink of any kind of spirits without sugar 06% " " " " " " with loaf or lump sugar < . . . 12% WEATHEE IN '32. Those of the early settlers of this county who have survived the winter and spring of the year 1832 will not fail to remember that they are memorable for numerous instances of sudden changes in the weather from extreme warmth to extreme cold. It is related that on the sixteenth day of March, 1832, David Clark and William Carter, of McDonough county, were returning from Frederick to Macomb, each with a wagon-load of goods. On the morning of this day they left the residence of a friend living near Doddsville and proceeded a few miles when it became so 274 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. cold they could go no further. Unhitching their oxen from the wagons they started for the nearest house, a few miles distant, barely reaching it alive. On this same day two men left Blandinsville for Fort Madison, the weather at starting being comparatively pleasant. They had gone but a short distance when the weather suddenly changed, and they discovered that they were freezing. One of them hurried off for help, which was ob tained, and on going back the other man was found but a short distance from where he was left, frozen to death. Such were some of the experiences of our pioneer settlers, as we have them from the lips of the survivers. BLACK HAWK WAE. The troops for the Black Hawk war were called out in 1831 by Gov. John Reynolds, upon the petitions of the settlers on Rock river and vicinity. The first petition, which was sent to him in April, 1831, stated that "last fall the Black Hawk band of Indians almost destroyed all of our crops and made several attacks on the owners when they attempted to prevent their depredations, and wounded one man by actually stabbing him in several places. This spring they act in a much more outrageous and menacing manner." This petition represented that there were six or seven hundred Indians among them. It was signed by thirty-five or forty persons. Another petition sets forth that " the Indians pasture their horses in our wheat fields, shoot our cows and cattle, and threaten to burn our houses over our heads if we do not leave." Other statements placed the number of the Indians at no more than three hundred. Therefore the call was made May 26, 1831, on the militia for seven hundred mounted men. Beardstown was the designated place of rendezvous and such was the sym pathy and courage of the settlers that the number offering themselves was almost three times the number called out. They left the encampment near Rushville for Rock Island June 15, 1831, and on the 30th of June, in a council held for the purpose, Black Hawk and twenty-seven chiefs and warriors on one part, and Gen. Edmund P. Gaines, of the U. S. Army, and John Reynolds, governor of Illinois, on the other part, signed a treaty of peace and friendship. This capitulation bound the Indians to go and remain west of the Mississippi river. In April, 1832, this treacherous chief, with some five hundred followers, appeared again upon the scene of action, and fear and excitement spread through the length and breadth of the State. Gov. Reynolds, hearing of the threatening movement after a while, in his home at Belleville, made a call on the 16th of April, 1832, for militia to meet at Beardstown on the 22d of April. There were two com panies from Adams county; of one Wm. G. Flood was captain, E. L. Pierson lieutenant; Capt. Earle Pierce, the sheriff, raised the other, which was afterwards Capt. Martinis and Capt. Coon's command. There are but few remaining now among the many that hurried off to help their fellow- HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 275 citizens in the north, but among the number is Gov. Wood, now in his eighty-first year, who went and took with him two hired men. Abler hands will at some future day, we presume, prepare the memoirs of his eventful life, and rescue from forgetfulness many thrilling scenes to brighten the page of history. Mr. Robert Tillson, still living in Quincy, which at that time was the only postoffice for many miles, was post master and store-keeper, and could not go, but furnished an outfit con sisting of gun, tin cup, blanket and provisions for Mr. John M. Holmes and another young man, who were his clerks. At this time the population of Quincy was Jess than one thousand, and the mail was brought once a week, by a man on horseback, from Carroll- ton, Apple Creek and Atlas. Such was the feeling toward the faithless band of British Indians that hardly half a dozen men remained behind, and much fear fell upon the defenceless ones that were left at home. On the 15th of September, 1832, a treaty was made that ended all alarm upon the borders and permitted the arts of peace once more to flourish among the pioneers. President Jack son, in a message to Congress, spoke in flattering terms of the brave and efficient action of the Illinois volunteers. ANECDOTES. John Thomas, a jovial, kind-hearted man, and a regular Yankee, had a peculiar pronunciation, saying, Keum eout. Mike Dodd, another odd character, when he came to Quincy, as a matter of course; would imbibe freely and would then give vent to his feelings in boasting that he was "Mike Dodd in a minute and was built up from the ground like a muskrat house, and didn't buy 'taters of a nigger." Mike had a very large horse, which he usually rode, and whom he called Boleaway. Another character in the county, when in town, would always make his little speech, which was: "That he lived behind Jonathan Crow's plantation and drank branch water." A blacksmith, who was one of the earliest settlers of Quincy, had a favorite dog whom he called " Nigger Boy," and he would say that Nigger Boy was not " bough table." A hatter used to take his periodical spree, usually in company with Ed Pierson. Upon one occasion he and Pierson procured an old candle box, with a candle stick and some small pieces of candles, and paraded the streets, bareheaded, arm-in-arm, crying out: " We are the light of the world." There was also a queer character by the name of Young, who settled in Quincy in the year of 1828 or '29. He had been President of the Owl Creek bank, a bogus concern in Ohio or Indiana, and came west to escape the rage of an indignant and swindled community. He was a very enthu siastic member of the Masonic fraternity, and also practiced law. Upon one occasion, in a trial of the right of property, before Wesley Williams, • \ 276 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Young was employed on one side and was opposed by Archey Williams and Judge Logan. Young became very much incensed because Williams and Logan used legal terms which he,did not understand, saying: " I do not understand your teatiele phrases." Young was a " jack-of-all-trades," and upon one occasion he was employed by the Captain of a steamboat to make a figure head for his boat, which he did, and the Captain refused topay Young his price for it, which made Young angry, and he swore he would build a boat to. the figure head, and at once proceedad to put his threat into execu tion. After he had laid the keel, some one, during his absence, wrote upon the keel, " Young's folly," which so disgusted him that he suspended oper ations. Afterwards, Young was dubbed " old figure head," which name he bore as long as he remained in Quincy. He died some years afterwards near Peoria, in a rail pen. Another of the odd characters who settled for a time in Adams county was a little man by the name of Louis Masquerier, from Kentucky. He resided in Quincy, on the bluff, on what is now Main street, and kept what was then termed a grocery (a ten gallon keg of whiskey). He finally gave up that business and went to Vandalia, to be examined for a license to practice law. He knew but little (if any) law, and the Judges, Wilson, Smith and Lockwood, feeling that the people would soon find it out, gave him his license, they knowing that he could do no harm, being so totally unfit for the profession. He made some pretentions as a poet, and the early papers teemed with his effusions. He finally drifted to New York, and was lost sight of. Uncle Johnny Kirkpatrick, one of the ministers in the county, was an oddity in his way. He was not very learned, but had a way of drawing his illustrations, which, to say the least, was peculiar. In one of his sermons, he was combating the idea that the Christian religion could be over thrown, saying: "You might as well try to turn over Laurel Hill with a corn-stalk; it can't be done." At another time, whilst attempting to show that the Christians were going through the world by the help of divine inspiration, he said, " Christians are not going through the world blindfolded or groping their way in the dark. They know they are on the right road to heaven." His simile was that if they (his hearers) were going to Atlas, Pike county: "You would not takeout into the prairie and around the corner of Keyes' fence, but would, on the contrary, go down the river, and you would find three notches on the trees, which would" assure you that you were on the State road. And so it is with the Christians; they see the notches all along their route." To, a former resident of Quincy belongs the idea of originating paper collars, as the following incident will show: One of the early residents of Quincy, who had come from the east and had been accustomed to wearing linen, or to use the popular phrase, " biled shirts," was in quite a quan dary, not being able to get any washing done. In his distress, he ap- HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 277 plied to one of the inhabitants who was blessed with a wife. The citizen said he could get his wife to wash his shirts, which she did, using a home-made starch, which was manufactured by pounding corn into the proper consistency. When his shirts were returned, the bosoms were completely scaled with the hulls of corn. He had chalked the collars so long, that chalk would not remain on the surface any longer, and being of an inventive turn, he cut out of strong letter paper some collars and pinned them over the old ones, thus making the first paper collars on record. CAUSES OF SLOW GBOWTH. For the first ten years, dating from 1824, the growth and settlement of Adams county was very slow, being retarded by various causes. The lands not being in the market, immigration was retarded; trading facilities were proportionately curtailed; money was exceedingly scarce; coon skins, maple sugar, deer hides, feathers, wild honey, beeswax and deer tallow were the current circulating medium of the people. However, the wants of the people being simple and few, and raising most everything they needed, they were doubtless as happy in their primitive condition as now, when surrounded by every luxury the heart can desire. Being also considered an unhealthy location, having but little intercourse with the outside world in the way of trade, and not being supplied with any buglers, in the shape of real estate agents, to sound its beauties and advantages, the county drifted along upon the tide, biding its time, which was sure to come. Finally, in 1834, the re-action took place and it commenced a rapid increase which it has steadily kept up until the present time, and now shows the most beautiful city in the State, being second in size, with a population unsurpassed for intelligence, industry and enterprise. Up to this time, most of the bacon and flour used by the people of this section had been imported, but with a steam flouring-mill in operation, and with the stock raised in the county, the business began to be reversed and exporting soon followed. CHOLEEA. On the 4th day of July, 1833, cholera broke out in the county, and the citizens of Quincy took active stops towards preventing the spread of the disease and also for the care of those unfortunate ones who had been at tacked with it. ) This was the first time in the history of the county that it was visited by an epidemic, and for some little time the people were at a loss how to proceed, some of the physicians, as do those of the present day, asserting that the disease which was spreading was not the cholera, but finally their eyes were opened to the stern reality, and active steps were at once taken to prevent its further ravages. The disease made its first appearance about the 4th day of July, and on the 6th a meeting of the citizens was called 278 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. to be held at the court-house, to take steps for that purpose. William G. Flood was appointed chairman, and the Hon. O. H. Browning appointed secretary. The town was divided into three districts, wjth a vigilance com mittee for each district. J. F. Holmes, O. H. Browning and R. S. Green, chairman of the respective vigilance committees, were appointed a board of health, and from the reports seemed to have been invested with almost absolute authority. They were instructed to meet daily, or oftener, if necessary, procure attendance and nourishment for the sick, and .also to superintend the burial of the dead. The disease spread with great rapi dity, and it was all the more noticeable in a small and thinly settled county. On the 7th of July there were forty-three cases of sickness, however, not all being cholera. There is no record left of the actual number of deaths from cholera alone, but from the best authority to be obtained, somewhere be tween thirty and forty died in Quincy alone, which at that time contained a population of about four hundred. In that day the people were not so well prepared, either with means or remedies, to battle with an epidemic, and had no contingent fund, national, State, or county, as is now the case when such plagues overtake the country. Neither had they the means of com munication which we now possess. The expense was borne by public sub scription, and the report of Levi B. Allen, treasurer of the relief committee for July 10th, shows that he had received twenty-six dollars and ninety-five cents, and he had disbursed the sum of four dollars. What a sum of money to battle an epidemic with. Yet how heroically did those gallant pioneers fight their battles. Faithfully and well did they stand one by the other resolving to live and die together. While there is no doubt that there are many of the old citizens living to-day who were participants of those scenes, the only one whose name was then mentioned as a leader, now liv ing, is the Hon. O. H. Browning. POPULATION. At this period, or the year 1834 following, the population of [.the entire county had reached the number of 7,042 souls, and of this number there were 1 ,31 9 subject to m ilitary duty ; as to sex, the records show that there were 1,452 male children, and 1,317 female children under ten years of age. The population of Quincy at this period was 753 inhabitants, and of this number 270 were subject to military duty, the majority single men. PEICES OF PEODUCE. As a matter of interest we have taken the pains to give a table of prices of farm produce for a period of fifty-three years, commencing with the year of the organization of Adams county, and the figures we believe are very accurate for the average prices 'in New York City for the month of January in each year: ¦*v // CLAYTON TOWNSHIP / HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 279 Year. Corn, bu. 1825 $ h, 1826 74 .1827 70 1828 57 1829 59 1830 54 1831 58% 1832 75 1833 81% 1834 59% 1835 74 1836.... 95% 1837 106 1838 86 1839 92 1840 59% 1841 52 1842 67 1843 50% 1844 43 1845 51% :846 74 1847 :;;.; 8o 1848 77 1849 '. 64% 1850 64 1851 64% 1852 70% 1853 68% 1854 82% 1855 101 1856 93 JgW 73% 1858 61 1859 I 80% I860 91^ 1861 73/2 1862 ' 67 1863 ¦;. ;.; ....' 75 1864 i. 126 1865 194 1866 951Z 1867 116% 1868 120 1869 90 J8TO ; 112 1871 80 1872.. 78 187:: '..'..'.'.'.'.'.:'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. 66 1874 84 1875 97 1876 71 1877 .:.:.'.::'.'.:::."..'.' 59 Wheat, bu. Oats, bu. Pork, Mess, bbl. Wool, ft. $101 $ 27% $13 37 32% 90 45% 1175 34 93 56 1187% 25 1 15 34 14 12% 25 153 30% 12 25 22% 1 04 32 11 50 21% 125 31% 13 87 25 126% 50 13 60 • 37% 119 49% 13 25 32^ 106 44 14 50 3214 1 05 49 13 75 27% 178 56% 18 25 32% 1 77 57 23 50 45 109% 40% 2150 80 1 24% 55 23 25 38% 1 06 33% 14 25 32% 1 03 52 13 25 27% 1 25 49 9 62% 20 88% 33% 8 87% 19 1 00 43 10 12% 26% 102% 51% 8 30 29 1 31 49% 13 56 27 102% 49%, 10 25 23 1 25 50% 11 00 29 122% 21 1418 36 1 25 43% 11 81 31 3 20 48% 12 18 31% 106 47% 14 68 31 132 51% 19 62 39 2 04 49% 13 43 39 2 57 55% ,12 62 25% 214 46% 17 37 32 1 76 47 10 67 35 137 42% 15 75 29% 140 50% 17 57 38 1 45 46% 16 18 39 1 14 38 16 12 32 1 38 40% 12 25 47 1 53 70% 14 43 63% 180% 89% 19 87 28>£ 185 103 35 25 55 157% 120 29 12 70 3 00 80 19 12 60 2 45 86 2100 48 170 75 28 00 57 1 30 78 29 75 61 142 75 19 75 43 150 54 14 50 70 1 67 68 13 25 70 1 65 77 16 50 55 1 25 65 20 50 56 1 30 59 20 75 49 147 55 17 50 48 It will be seen"that the prices of leading farm products have not been controlled so much by war at home or abroad as by the supply. For instance the price of wheat during the first-two years of the civil war was less than January, 1877. And again, during the prevalence of the Franco- t German war prices were lower than for 1878. The maximum price, $3.00 pQr bushel for wheat, was reached two years after the close of our civil war. A foreign demand may make an active market, but unless there is a short crop at home it seldom carries the price up very high. 280 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. WILD CAT SCHEMES. A bank was incorporated by the Legislature of Illinois, bn the 22d of March, 1819, by the style of the " President, Directors and Company of the State Bank of Illinois," to continue for twenty-five years, with a capi tal not exceeding four millions of dollars, one-half of which was to be subscribed by individuals aud the other half by the State, when the " Leg islature should deem proper." Books were to be opened in divers towns, and if stock was ever subscribed, not one dollar was ever paid. Such was some of the extravagant legislation of that period. The next General Assembly, of 1820-21, repealed this mammoth charter. A way had been discovered to create money without capital. Another bank was chartered, in which specie had no concern, with a capital of $500,000 on State credit; the stock to be raised and managed by State Directors, under the super vision of the Legislature. Three hundred thousand dollars in paper cur rency were to be emitted, loaned on real estate at two-thirds the appraised value, or on personal security not exceeding one hundred dollars to indi viduals. No individual could obtain over one thousand dollars on landed security. Interest at six per cent. The bills drew a credit of two per cent. per annum, and the institution was to run ten years; and if its projectors were to be credited in their fancies, it would produce an increase in that period sufficient to redeem all the bills issued, pay all contingent expenses, and give the State a profit of one hundred thousand dollars by the time the charter would expire. But it all turned out to be a fraud, delusion and snare. The bills went tumbling down to thirty- three cents on the dollar; the real estate of borrowers, previously inflated by a spurious currency, went down in a greater degree; lands that had sold for ten dollars per acre, fell to two and three dollars; town lots in villages sunk near one thousand per cent., and fancy towns, oh paper, became wholly valueless. And at the expiration of the charter, in 1831, when the bills had to be redeemed, there was no alternative, to save the State credit, but to contract a cash loan to redeem the outstanding bills of one hundred thousand dollars. This was the commencement of the debt of the State, and has been designated as the "Wiggins Loan," from the gentleman who negotiated l the stock. AGEICULTUEAL. In the beginning of the year 1838 the people of Adams county began to take interest in the matter of associating themselves together for the pur pose of furthering the agricultural interests and growth of the county, and in January of that year a meeting was held in the town of Columbus, over which Judge Ralston presided. The meeting adopted by-laws and a con stitution, and from this meeting have sprung the large and influential societies of the county, which have accomplished so much in the countv for its agricultural development, and of which further mention will be made under the appropriate head. HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 281 MAILS. In order to show what trouble the people of the Western country had in communicating with the outside world, in the earlier days of the settle ment of the county, it will only be necessary to introduce the rates of postage, as established by the government in 1835. The1 rates were as follows:On a single letter, composed of one piece of paper, for any distance not exceeding 30 miles 6c. Over 30 miles, and not exceeding 80 miles 10c. > Over 80 " " " 150 " 12%c. Overl50 " " '' 400 " 18%c. Over400 " 25c. Thus it will be noticed that in order to send a letter to St. Louis, in those days, required a stamp of at least twelve and one-half cents, and to Chicago would have required at least twenty cents; while on every one to New York or Philadelphia, a stamp of twenty-five cents would be re quired. What nice little stamp accounts some of our large Adams county firms would have had to paid had they lived in those days and done the business they now do. Beyond a question or doubt there are firms in Adams county to-day, who, had they been doing the same business in 1835 that they now do, would have had to pay the government at least ten thousand dollars per year postage. Then again, with the high rates of postage which they were compelled to pay, they were obliged to wait the uncertain arrivals of the mail boy, or the more uncertain arrival of the stage coach. Such postal facilities nowadays would most certainly inter fere with the heavy mercantile transactions which are now carried on by the people of this county. And while we are at present enjoying every facility that human intellect can invent to annihilate space, in order that the world may have quicker and safe rcommunication, from continent to continent, there are some to be found who croak and fret at delay, and grumble about not getting their mails. PEICES IN QUINCY. It may, as an item of interest, be of some importance to the people of the county to know how the markets ruled away back in our grandfathers' days, and we give the prices current of the Quincy market, corrected by Whitney & Co., and published in the Illinois Bounty Land Register, of date April 17th, 1835: Bacon, hams, hog, round, per ft. .$ " fresh in market, per ft Butter, fresh, per ft scarce Candles, sperm, per, ft .05 3.00 .04.15 .16% .40 .20•16%.20 Hides, green, per ft Iron, bar, " " hoop, " Lard, " Lead, pig, " " bar, " Leather, sole, " " upper, " Nails, cut, assorted, " wrought. $ .04%.08 .12% .05 .12%.33.50 .$0 28 to per ft .10 v .2o 282 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Coffee,perft $.20 Pork, mess, per bbl $11.00 Deer skins, per ft 10 " prime, " 9.00 Furs, muskrat skins 16% " cargo, "" none 7.00 " raccoon "' 12% Potatoes, Irish, per bu. .. • 7.00 " otter " $3.50 to 4.50 " sweet, " none Flour, superfine, per bbl 4.50 Sugar, loaf, per ft 20 " fine. " 3.50 '• Havanna white, per ft 16;j£ Wheat, per bu 50 " brown, " 12% Rye, " 37 Salt, Liv Blown, perbu 1.50 Oats, " 25 " alum ground, " 1-00 Corn, in sacks, per bu 30 " Kanawha, " 1-00 " " ear, " 25 " " retailed in bbl., per ft .75 Grass seeds, clover, per bu. .scarce 8.00 Shot, per ft 12% timothy, " 3.00 Tallow, " 10 " blue grass, per bu 2.00 Whiskey, country, per gal 30 Hides, dried, per ft „ 09 Wool, per ft 50 December 18th of the same year, the market had advanced as follows: Wheat, $1.00 per bu.; flour $7.50 per bbl.; pork, $3.50 per cwt.; beef, $3.50 to $4.00 per cwt.; corn, in ear, 37£c; corn meal, delivered in town, 75c. ; butter, 25c. ; fire wood, $2.00 per cord. What changes have taken place since those were the ruling prices. What fortunes have been made and lost, what vast changes in the mercan tile world. From 2,500 bushels of wheat ground in the mills of Quincy in 1835 could our readers comprehend for a moment, the number of bush els which were ground yearly simply by the mills of Quincy alone, to say nothing of the many others scattered over the county who are doing equally as large a business. THE JAIL. . In the proceedings of the County Commissioners' Court of Thursday, June 6th, 1839, the order was made to build the jail which stood on Fifth street, Quincy, in the rear of the court-house which was burned in 1873, The following are a part of the records: " Wheeeas, There is po no jail or place of confinement for criminals in the county of Adams, it is therefore thought expedient and necessary that a jail should be built in the said county of Adams for the confinement and safe keeping of criminals. It is therefore ordered that a jail be built in the town of Quincy, on the east part of the lot on which the court-house now stands; said jail is to be built with the front facing to the south and to range with the south side of the court-house. Said jail is to be built after and agreeable to a draft as now on file in the clerk's office. Ordered, that the sum of one thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby appropriated to Joseph T. Holmes and J. O. Woodruff, or bearer, for the purpose of commencing and carrying on the building of a jail in Quincy. The above amount to be issued in orders of not less than fifty dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars each, the orders to draw twelve per cent, per annum interest from the time they are taken out of the office until redeemed. Said orders to be redeemed in twelve months after their date. HISTOEY OF ADAMS' COUNTY. 283 ELECTION PEECINCTS. In June, 1839, proceedings in the County Commissioners' Court were had relative to the fixing the boundaries and the creation of election pre cincts throughout the county.- Below is a record of the proceedings of the commissioners as taken from official sources: Ordered, That township 2 north, and range 5 west, constitute one election precinct, to be called Northeast Precinct, and ordered that Elliott Combs, Zacheus Dean, and Jonathan Browning be appointed judges of all elections to be held in said precinct, and ordered that all elections in said precinct be held at the house of Zacheus Dean. Ordered, That township 1 north, and range 5 west, and township 1 south, 5 west, constitute Clayton, and ordered that Cyrus Cupen, George McMurray and Shannon Wallace be appointed judges of all elections to be held in said precinct, and ordered that all elections be held at the house of David M. Campbell. Ordered, That township 2 south, and range 5 west, 3 south, range 5 west, 3 south, range 6 west, and 3 south, 6 west, constitute an election pre cinct, to be called Kingston Precinct^ and ordered that GeorgeW. Williams, Azariah Mayfield and Richard Buffington, be appointed judges of all elec tions to be held in Kingston Precinct, and that all elections be held at the house of William Hendricks. Ordered, That township 2 south, and range 6 west, constitute an election precinct, to be called Liberty Precinct, and ordered that John Wigle, William Hart and Jacob Hunsaker be appointed judges of all elections to be held in said precinct, and that all elections to be held in said precinct be held at the house of D. P. Meacham. Ordered, That an election precinct, to be called Payson Precinct, be bounded as follows, to-wit: beginning at the river on the county line, thence east along said line to the range line dividing 6 and 7 west, thence north with said line to the section corner between 24 and 25, 2 south, .and ranee 7 west; thence west with said line to the river, and ordered that Thomas Crocker, Alexander Furst and David Collins be, and they are hereby appointed judges of all elections to be held in said precinct, and it is ordered that all elections in said precinct be held at the store of J. C. Bernard. Ordered, That Quincy Precinct he bounded as follows, to-wit. : begin ning at the river and running east on the section line dividing sections 24 and 25, township 2 south, and range 9 west, continuing to the section corner between sections 21 and 22, township 2 south, and range 8 west, thence north to the section corner between sections 21 and 28, township 1 south, and range 8 west, thence west along said line to the river. The old judges to serve. This record makes no mention of the place of holding the election. 284 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Ordered, That the bounds of Burton Precinct be as follows, to-wit.: beginning at the section corner between sections 24 and 25, on the range line between 6 and 7 west, thence north on said line to the section corner between sections 25 and 36, township 1 south; and range 7 west of the 4th principal meridian, thence west to the range line between ranges 7 and 8 west, thence north one mile, thence three miles west, thence south six miles, thence east to the place of beginning, and ordered that E. M. King, John Doty and John G. Humphrey be and they are hereby appointed judges of all the elections in said precinct, and that all the elections in said precinct be held at the house of M. H. Daniels. Ordered, That Columbus Precinct be bounded as follows, to-wit: beginning at the northeast corner of township 1, south, 6 west, thence south six miles, thence west six miles, thence south one mile, thence west six miles, thence north seven miles, thence west six miles, thence south two miles, thence east six miles, to the place of beginning, and ordered that M. D. McCann, John Thomas and George Smith be and they are hereby appointed judges of all elections to be held in said precinct, and that all the elections be held at the school-house in the village of Columbus. Ordered, That Houston Precinct is bounded on the north by the county line, on the east by the range line between townships 5 and 6 west, on the south by the base line, on the west by the range line between townships 6 and 7 west. Ordered, That David Strickler, John W. McFarland and Richard Seaton be and they are hereby appointed judges of all elections in said precinct, and that all elections be held at the house of H. A. Cyrus. Ordered, that the bounds of Woodville Precinct be as follows, to-wit.: Commencing at the northeast of township number 2 north, and range 7 west, thence south on the range line, between sections 6 and 7 west, ten miles, thence west six miles, thence north ten miles to the county line, thence east with the county line to the place of beginning, and ordered that Benjamin Robertson, Martin Shurry and Simeon Curtis be and they are hereby appointed judges of all the elections to be held in said precinct, and that all elections be held at Woodville. INCOEPOEATION. The following entries are the record of the County Commissioners' Court relative to the incorporation of the towns Co himbus and Pay son, in the year 1839: We do certify that, at an election held at the school-house in Columbus, on Saturday evening, March 2, 1839, ten days' notice having been prevously given in three public places for the purpose of voting for or against incorporation of said town, and J. G. Driskell hav ing been chosen President and W. D. McCann Clerk, and they having been duly sworn bv William Oglesby proceeded to open a poll, which resulted as follows : For incorporating forty-eight votes ; against incorporating, three votes. J. E. Driskell, President, W. D. McCann, Clerk. At an election held at the office of William Shinn, in Payson, Adams county, Illinois, on the 23d of May, 1839, for the purpose of determining HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 285 whether the town should become incorporated or not, the following num ber of votes were given, to-wit. : In favor of incorporation, forty-one votes ; against becoming incorporated, nine. We hereby certify that the above is a true statement of the polls at said election. A. W. Shinn, President, Alex. S. Abernethy, Clerk. COUNTY SEAT CONTEST COLUMBUS. The principal argument used in this bitter contest was the geographi cal idea, which the Columbus friends showed up in all its phases. It was only eighteen or twenty miles from the remotest portion of Adams county to Columbus, while, it was nearly double the distance to Quincy from the bordering precincts. There was a paper printed in Columbus during this time to which all contributed who were interested in the decision against Quincy. It was understood that A. Jonas was the moving spirit, and he was well supported by the eastern Adamsites, without regard to politics. This paper, after sur viving the rude shocks of internecine war, and seeing the advent of quietness, under a united Adams county, was destined to witness still farther strug gles and perish for its opinions on the classic shores of Nauvoo. The Columbus Advocate was bought by the company who started the "Nauvoo Expositor" principal among whom was Frank Higbee. The first appearance of the sheet called down the indignation of Joe Smith & Com pany, who having met in council and declared it a nuisance, proceeded " to abate it." The fragments of this press and its appendages became like " the blood of the martyrs, the seed of the church," though not the Mormon Church. Other portions of our history refer to this occasion so that no more mention need here be made. Mr, Wesley McCann retained his commission as Justice of the Peace for Adams county, as also' did James A. Bell, who lived a few miles east of Columbus, L. McFarland, of Houston, and Esquire McClintock, of Liberty. These justices considered themselves acting under their original commis sions for four years, or until their successors were duly elected and com missioned. The election in the contest for the change in the location of the county seat from Quincy to Columbus, was held on Monday, the second day of • August, 1841, and the certificate of the abstract of the poll books is in the following words as spread upon the record of the County Commissioners' Court. Abstract of the poll books of an election held in the County of Adams and State of Illi nois, on Monday, the second day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun dred and forty-one. Columbus had sixteen hundred and thirty-six votes for county seat. Quincy had fifteen hundred and forty-five votes for county seat. (Signed ) Henry Asbdry, J. P. [Seal.] 5 W. D. McCann, J. P. [Seal.] Upon the official announcement of the result of the election, the friends of Quincy, by their counsel, Abraham Wheat, Esq., and Andrew Johnston, 286 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Esq., presented a petition to the County Commissioners' Court, which was filed on the 7th day of September, 1841, against the removal of the county seat from Quincy to Columbus, the reasons they gave being embraced in the subjoined copy of the petition as taken from official records. To the Honorable Wm. Richards, George Smith, and Eli Seehorn, County Com missioners of Adams County: The undersigned citizens of Adams county beg leave respectfully to represent that the returns of the late etection held for the removal of the county seat of said county from Quincy to Columbus, have been made, as your petitioners have been informed, and believe, in favor of said removal, by a majority of ninety-one votes; that as your petitioners are informed and believe, a number of illegal votes have been found upon said poll bpoks in favor of Columbus, exceeding the number of one hundred, and thus your petitioners con sider it doubtful whether a majority of legal votes were cast at said election for Quincy or Columbus; that your petitioners are further informed that at several of the precincts in said county, the said election was not held and conducted conformably to law, nor the returns thereof made in accordance to the provisions of the law ; that your petitioners are desirous upon the foregoing and other grounds, to contest the validity and correctness of said elec tion and the returns thereof ; that the law providing for said election does not point out specially any method for contesting the same ; that the said law provides that the returns of said election shall be certified to your honorable body, and does not provide for the revision thereof by any other authority. That your petitioners have given notice by publication in the Quincy Whig of their intention to contest the said election before three justices of the peace, in the manner provided in case of contested elections of justices of the peace; that your petitioners entertain some doubts whether the said election ought to be contested before the said justices or before this honorable court, and that your petitioners desire to know in what manner this honorable court will permit the said election to be contested. Therefore they pray this honorable court that upon a hearing of this petition it will be pleased to order as follows, to-wit : 1st. That, all proceedings .for the removal of the county seat be suspended, and post poned until the termination of this contest. 2d. That this court will permit the said election to be contested before them, and will appoint a time and place for the hearing thereof ; and, 3d. That, in case this court shall decline to make the order above prayed for, it will be pleased to order all proceedings €tC. foECEJISEo) ELLINGTON TOWNSHIP •afiC lJH |T-i§f*% «W jfe. w^§%. llBfe"" IS ''•pcirS '$*#?,- ¦ fPfff ,<^J?i i-M~^ (deceased) ellington township -y^t/cJLj fe ULp July 25. 1861. Miller Jas. C. e April 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Nater Geo. e April 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Newcomb1 Andrew,J. e April"21, '61, m o July 25, '61. Pool Geo. W. e April 21, 1861. m o July 25. 1861. Prosser Abijah, e April 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Pearson Eobt. S. e april21, 186 1, m o July 25, 1861. Sanson Aug. M. e April 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Eondly Wm. H. e April 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Eider Michael, e Ap il 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Eockenfleld Bliaa, e April 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Roscamp Hen. e April 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Eohland Geo. L. e April 21. 1861, m o July 25. 1861. Eyan Jos. M. e April 21, 186 1, m o July 25, 1861. Shaub Fred, e April 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Shipley Wm. e April 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Shucratt Jno. e April 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Slack Alo. B. e April 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Smith Wm. e April 21. 1861, mo July 25, 1861. Shaller Fied. e April 21, 1861, m o July 25,1861. Tallman Philander, e April 21,m o July 1861, 25, 1861. Weirrick Sam. E. e April 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Wyckon Newton, e April 21, 1861. m o'July 25, 1861. Weidenhammer Geo. e April 21^'61, mo July 25, '61. Wilmann Phil, e April 21, 1861, m o July 25.,.1861. Wayne Abe. M. e April, 21, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Wuest E. e April 21, 1861, m o Jnly 25, 1861: Company E. Captain. Benj. W. Prentiss, com. April 22, 1861, pro. Lieutenants. First Lieut. Wm. H. Menter, com. April 22. 1861. Chas. Sheeley, com. April 22,'61,pro.Capt. May 15, '61. James Short, com. May 15, 1861, res. R. C. Eutherford, com. May 18, 1861. Thos. H. Brooker, 1st, e April 22, '61, m o July 25, '61. Andrew Wood, e April 22, 1861, m o- July 25, 1861. Jos. S. Battell, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. George A. Race, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Corporals. Sam. Nicholas, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Sam. H. Davis, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Sam. J. Day, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. George B. Johnson, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, '61. Jno. W. Sample, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Clarence Poling, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Privates. Aurberack Sol. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Asherman Jno. e AprU 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Bart Geo. O. S. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Burham Fred, e April 22, 1861. m o July 25, 1861. Burd Chas e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Brown Chas. e April 22 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Blickar Wm. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Ballard Thos. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Burke Chas. H. e April 22 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Brown Wm. J. Jr. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Buckly Geo. H. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25. 1861 . Baughman Sam. K e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, '61. Carr Wm. C. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861 Cranston Jas. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Cottrell Amos, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Cress David, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25. 1861. Dickhut Wm. C. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Fick, Adam, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Godfrey Hen . e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861 . Hughes Perry.C. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Houdon Thos. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25. 1861. Herbit Jas. W. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Hobblewaith Wm. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Hersman Jas. April e 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861 . Hamilton Jno. W. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, '61. Holsher Jno. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Holcomb Geo. e April 22. 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Jansen Mat. e April 22. 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Jansen Theo. e April 22. 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Johnson Jno. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Kram ChaB. e April 22, 1861, m o Jnly 25, 1861. ¦Htley Andrew, e AprU 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Kley Adam, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Knight :-am'l, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Kemper Henry, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Lindsey Thos. W. e April 22, 1861, mo Ju y 25, '61. Lindsey L'ewellyn, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, '61. McLaughlin Jno. e April «2, 1861, m o July 25, '61. McClemant Alex, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, '6L McGibbon Geo. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25 1861 McCoy Jno. D. e April 22. 1861, m o July 25, 1861 Meyer Chris, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Meiser Jno. A. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Mann Gustav. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Neil Arthur O. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25. 1861 Nelse Jno. P. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Orvings Thos. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861 Phillips Ed, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Potter Cal. M. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861 Porter Rob't, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Rickmeyer Wm. e AprU 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861 Eicker Jno. B. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861 Ronkohl Henry, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861 Sbmfners Wm. B. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, '61 Eotherford R. C. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861 Scbmidd W. A. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Seaee Geo. H. e April 22, 1861, m o. July 25, 1861. Spercer Wm. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Sadler Wm. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25. 1861. Stephens Douglas, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, '61. Stickleback Wm. e April 22, 1861i m o July 25, 1861. Sepple Jno. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Thompson Mark, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Voetn Paul, e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. Watt Chas. E. E., e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, '61. Wellenger Jas. e April 22. 1861. m ojuly 25, 1861. Wilcox Chas. O. e April 22, 1861, m o July 25, 1861. 8th Infantry. Company I>. Drafted and Substituted Recruits. Newhall Sam'l A. e Sept. 19, 1864, m o Sept. 18, '65. O'Brien Jas. S. e Oct. 19, 1864, m o Sept. 18, 1865. Traver Hiram S. W. e Sept. 20, '64, m o Sep. 19, '65. Company K. Drafted and Substituted Secruits. Goodman Jno. e Sept. 27, 1864, m o Sept. 26, 1865, McCormick Michael, e Sept. 29,'64, m o Sept. 28, '65. Scott Geo. e Oct. 7, s64, d. New Orleans, Apr. 12, '65. Unassigned Recruit. Piatt Jos. e Sept. 23, 1864. Durand Al. 9 th Infantry. Company K. Private. ttth Infantry (consolidated). Company ii. Privates. Heitz Sopba, e Jan. 1, 1864, m o July 9, 1865. Hauback Chas. e Jan. 1, 1864, m o July 9, 1865. lOth Infantry. The 10th Infantry Illinois Volunteers was organ ised and mustered into the United States service at Cairo, Illinois, April 29th, 1861, by Capt Pope; B. M. Prentiss, Colonel; James D. Morgan Lieutenant- Colonel, and Charles H. Adams Major. It was com posed of seven companies of Infantry and three of artillery. These companies had been at Cairo since the 20tb, garrisoning the place. The regiment remained at Cairo during the three months service during which time expeditions were made to the rear of Columbus, in June and to Ben ton, Mo., m July. ADAMS COUNTY WAE EECOED. 353 The regiment was mustered into the United States service for three years, July 29, 1861, by Capt. T. G. Pitcher, and remained at Cairo and Bird s Point dur ing the winter, taking part in January, 1862, in the movement made by Gen. Grant to the rear of Columbus. March 1st, in connection with the 7th Cavalry it scattered Jeff. Thompson's guerrillas at Sykestown, Mo,, taking several prisoners and two guns. Dur ing the month It was sent to Gen. Pope's army at New Madrid. On the night of the 12th It advanced on New Mad rid, driving in ihe enemy's pickets, at right shoulder shift arms, and without returning a shot. Before morning earth-works w»re thrown up, and f„ur guns planted under the flra of five gun-ooats, and Forts Thompson and Pillow. Their loss was one captain and two men killed. New Madrid was evacuated that night. On the night i >f April 7th, the regiment cotsed the river below New Madrid, and intercepted the retreating forces from Island No. 10, causing the surrender at Tiptonville, of Gen. Mackall and 2,500 men, and securing a large amount of artillery and small arms. The movement, resulted In th« capture of over 6,000 prisoners. l3thof Apri' to Fort Pillow; 18th returned, and passing up the Tennessee river, landed at Hamburg, April 24th. Took part in all the contests of Gen. Pope's army in moving on Corinth, and on the 3d of May, was under Are of the works of Corinth. After struggling through the Fuur Mi e Swamp on the 3d, they had a tirisk skirm ish, capturing 15 and killing 80 of the enemy. The regiment's loss was one killed and five wounded. The regiment was in the advance in all the move ments resulting in the capture of Corinth/and pur- suitof the enemy to Boonville. Col. Smi'h 'ook command of the brigade. The regiment lay at Big Springs, during the months or June and July, and on ihe 21st of July, marched to Tuscumbia. Thence, under Gen. Palmer,** as Division Commander, marchej via Florence, Athens and Columbia to Nashville. Lost by guer rillas, five men killed. Reaching Nashville on the 12th of Septemb. r, remaining (luring the blockade. Participated in the repulse of the enemy. Novem ber 5th. lost, 2 killed. Were a°signed to Mitchell's Division, Thomas Corps. Army of the Cumberland, and remained in Nashvilie until July. 1863, and were then placed in Smith's Brigade, Morgan's Division, Granger's Reserve Corps. Marched July 20th to New Fosterville, and on the 24* of August, to Bridgeport, Alibama, via Shelby- ville, Columbia, Athens, Huntsville and Stephen son, October 1st, to Sequatchie Valley, and in con nection with McCook's Calvary D.vision, drove Wtieeler's Cavalry from the valley. From thence, on the 24th of October, in Morgan's Brigade, Davis' Division.Paliner's 14ih Army Corps, to lgos Ferry, on the Tennessee, thence to Cald- wells. Novemb°r 24th, crossed on pontoons, supporting Gen. Sherman's attack on the left of Mission Ridge. Pursued, on the 26th, Hardee's retreating column, who were brought to bay at Caickamauga StaLion; captured 20 of their rear guard. Followed the reheating enemy as far as Ringgold; thence moved via Cleveland, Charleston,Loudon, and Morgantown, to within 15 miles of Knoxville ; thence to Colum bus, on the Hiawassie river. Eeturning to Chatta nooga, went into winter quarters in the rear of Rossville, Georgia. On the 1st of January, 1864, the regiment re-en listed as veterans. 394 men started for home Jan- nary 11th, 1864. The regiment left Illinois for the field again in February, 1864. commanded by Col. John Tillson. (No history of the 10th for 1864, is on file in the Adjustant General's Office). 1865 the 10th regiment lay at Be .ufort, S. C. from January 9th to the 13tb, when it moved with the division (Mower's First Divison) to Pocotaligo, on the Charleston and Savannah E. E. Eemained there until the 80th, attempting, on the 20th and 26th to cross the Salkahatchie, but fail'ng on account of high water. On the 30th It moved up on the right hank of the river, and effected a crossing at Eiver's bridge on the 3d, with a loss of 40 men. The Third Brigade to which the 10th was attached, being in the advance, and losing about 125 men. The cross ing was difficult and ohstlnantly contested, the swamps, a mile wide, and with many streams to cross, the water ice-cold, and from one to five feet deep. The regiment was in it from 7 A. M., till dark. Gen. Howard, who was present pronounced it "the btst thing of the war." The regiment marched to Midway, on the Augusta and Charleston R. R., crossing South Edisto at Binlcker's bridge, throwing a pontoon over the river in the face of the enemy, and wading after dark, over one-third of a mile throngh the " Jake," took the position of the enemy in the flank, drove them from thslr entrench ments and captured several prisoners and one cais son. Passing with the army through Orangeburg to Columbia, Winnsboro and Cheraw. skirmishing and destroying railroads etc., marched thence to Fayetteville, on March 11th, th»re the regiment was detached to lay a pontoon bridge over Cape Fear River, which was done and lodgement i ffected for a brigade on the opposite bank. The enemy's cavalry was driven back with a loss to them of one Lieu tenant and Ave men killed. Thence, with renewed ekirmiBhing, the regiment pushea towards Golds- boro, and when the 14th Corps was attacked at Ben ton ville, the regiment joined it by a forced night march and took part in the battle of the 20th and 21st. On the latter day our division, with the 64th Illinois Sharpshooters on the t kirmish line, got in on Johnson's rear and captured pa-t of his headquar ters' material. The division 1 1 which the 10th Ills. belonged successfully resisted the attack of Har dee's whole corps. The loss of the regiment on this occasion was about 61, and of the Drigade over 100. being one-fourth of thi loss of the whole Army of Tennessee. The enemy evacuating during the night, the next day the regiment moved to laolds- boro, thence to Raleigh. Af,er Johnson's surren der, to Richmond, Fredericksburg and Washington, where the regiment participated in the grand re view. • . .„ They proceeded on the 4th of June to Louisville, Ky., and were mustered out of the U.S. service July 4th, 1865, receiving their final discharge and pay on July llih, 1865, at Chicago, Illinois. During this campaign the regiment was com manded by Lieut. Colonel David Gillespie. Third Brigade by Brevet Brigadier Gen. Tillson. First Division Major General J. A. Mower, until Golds- Doro, and afterwards by Brevet Major Gen. M. F. Force. 17th Army Corps, Major Gen. frank P. Blair, commanding Army of the Tennessee, Major Gen. O. O. Howard, commanding. Colonels. James D. Morgan, pro. Brig. Gen. July 17, 1862. John Tillson, com. June 13, 1862. Lieut. Colonels. John Tillson, com. Sept. 9, 1861, pro. McLain F. Wood, com. June 21, 1862. Majors. John Tillson, com. May 2T, 1861, pro. Francis A. Dallam, com. Oct. 24, 1861, res. Jan. 20, 1862, for pro. Joseph G. Eowland, com. Feb 11, 1862, res. June 23, 1862. Charles S. Cowan, com. June 23, 1862. Adjutants. Joseph G. Rowland, com. April 29, 1861, pro. Theodore Wiseman, com. Feb. 11, 1862. Quartermaster. Oliver I. Pyatt, com. Sept. 20, 1861. Henry E. Payne, com. Nov. 4, 1861. Daniel stahl, 1st Asst. com. May 18, 1861, res. Aug. 31, 1862. Isaac H. Reeder, lBt Asst. com Oct. 10, 1862. John W. Craig, 2d Asst, com. Aug. 21, 1862. Chaplains. Will'am H. Collins, com. July 25,'61,res. June 21, '62. William B. Livell, com. Dec. 16, 1862. 354 ADAMS COUNTY WAE EECOED. Musicians. Peter P. Esterby, e. Aug. 17, 1861, trans, to Co. C. m o Aug. 81, 1864. John W. Johnson. Private. Dustin David, e Jan. 1, 1864, m o sergt. Co. C. Company A. Private. Weaver Samuel, e Jan. 23, 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Company B. Private. Floar John, e. Sept. 23, 1864, assigned Nov. 7. 1864, Company C. never reported. George A Race, 1st, e Aug. 1861, pro. Capt. Co. F. John W. Hamilton, e Feb. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Solomon Auerbach, e Aug. 17, 1861, m o Aug. 31, '64. Sam'l Ba ugh man, e Aug. 17, 1861, pro. 2d sergt. Corporals. Davies Brertnett, e Aug. 17, 1861, m o Aug. 31, 1864. Wm. Stekelbach, e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. George W. Pool, e Aug. 17, '61, desrtd. Sept. 18, '62. James H. Skool, e Ang. 17, 1861. Josiah T. Brown, e Aug. 17, 1861, m o Aug. 31, 1864. John T. Boyle, e Aug. 17, 1861, pro. 1st Lieut. Charles b. Dogan, e Aug. 17, 1861. Privates. Appleton Charles H. e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet Adams Wm. F. e Aug. 17, 1861, died May 10, 1863. Bagby James R. e Aug. 17, 1861, trans. 10 60th 111. Barton Ot's B. e Ang. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Bremer Barney or John, e Aug. .17. 1861, re-e as vet. Baker John or Barney, e Aug. 17, 1861, disd. Nov. 26, 1862, flisab. Babb. Joseph F. e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Ballaban Andrew J. e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Carr Wm. H. e Aug. 17, 1861. Cormack Jasper M. e Aug. 17, 1861, disd. disab. Carr James, e Aug. 17, 1361, re-e as vet. Chenea Jackson, e Aug. 17, 1861. re-e as vet. uonyers Enoch G. e Aug. 17, 1861. re-e as vet. Cleveland Jame6 J. e Ang. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Creek Jeremiah, e Aug. 17, 1861, desrtd. Jan. 29, '62. Dekreiger Peter W. e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 2D, 1865. Doran Martin, e Aug. 17, 1861, died Oct. 27, 1861. Dustin David, e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Desler Joseph, e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Esterly Peter P. e Ang. 17, 1861, m o Aug. 31, 1864. Frost Edward, e Aug. 17, 1861, died Jan. 28, 1863. Farnsworth Jack-on, e Aug. 17, '61, m o Aug. 31, '64. Friday David, e. Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Gill James, e Aug. 17, 1861, disd. and e in TJ. S. A. Gallup Benj. C. e Aug. 17, 1861, m o Aug. 31, 1864. Gardner Harrison, e Aug. 17, '61, trans, to inv. Corp. Hayes John C. e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Irvin John, e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Johnson Henry, e Aug. 17. 1861, died July 11, 1862. Johnes W. G. e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Kreoger, or Erear Henry, e Aug. 17, '61, re-e as vet. Lee George, e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Lowry Benj. F. e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. McMannees Dan'l, e Ang. 17, '61, desrtd. Sept. 27,'63. McNulty Fielding, e Aug. 17, 1861, disd. disab. Dec 20, 1861. Nelch John P. e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Newby Edward, e Ang.17,'61, re-e as vet. sick at m o Nichols Sumner, e Ang. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Olson Alexander, e Aug. 17. 1861, re-e as vet. Porter Robert, e Ang. 17, 1861, m o Aug. 15, 1864. Potion Andrew G. e Aug. 17. 1861, died Oct. 27, '61. Rider Michael, e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Rudensholt Thurston, e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. died May 4, 1865. Strickler John H. e Ang. 17, 1861, died Oct. 27, 1862. Simmons James P. e Ang. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Smith Frank, e Aug. 17, 1861, died Nov. 10, 1861. Schroder Henry, e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Stone James H. e Aug. 17. 1861, died Jan. 10, 1862. Sherew James, e Aug. 17, 1861, trans, to inv. Corp. Ward Lewis, e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Warthick John F. e Ang. 17, 1861, m o Aug. 15, '64 Womansdorff John G. L. e Aug. 17, 1861, re-e as vet. Young Henry E. e Aug.17, 1861, disd. for enlistment in marine corp. This ends the roll of Company C, but there is added to this a notice of some changes in the com pany. All of the above-named who re-enlisted, Jan. 1st, 1864, were mustered out July 4, 1865. Recruits. Adams John O. e Feb. 20, 1864. m o Jnly 4, 1865. Aggert Wm. e Jan. 27, 1864, died Feb. 18, 1865. Bauehman Henry J. e Feb. 26, 1864. m o July 4, 1865. Brown Jacob, e Jan . 22. 1864, m o June 16, 1865. Brenger Henry, Jan. 31. 1865, m o July 3, 1865. De Wolf George W. e Feb. 6. 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Engle Edmund, e Jan. 26, 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Ellerbrock Henry, e Jan. 31, 1865, m o July 4, 1865. Folium Martin, e Feb. 6, 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Folium Philander, e Aug. 10, 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Greene Harry, e Feb. 20, 1864, m o July 20; 1865. Geerhard John, e Feb. 24, 1864, died of wounds In battle, June 24, 1864. Huffendike Henry, e Jan. 31, 1865, m o July, 1865. Hilderman John W. e Jan. 31, 1865, m o July 4, 1865. Landwier Gottlieb, e Jan. 25, 1865, m o July 4, 1865. Landier Herman W. e Jan. 31. 1865, m o July4, 1865. Macklin Wm. e Feb. 23, 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Mitchell John, e Jan. 26, 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Rosecamp Adolph, e Jan. 31, 1865, m o July 4, 1865. Smith William, e Jan. 29. 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Smith Obadiah, e Feb. 25, 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Simmons Daniel H. e Jan. 31,1865, m o July 4, 1865. Schafer Peter, e Jan. 31, 1865, m o July 4, 1865. Schurfield Peter, e Jan. 31, 1865, m o July 4. 1865. Schultz or Schuller F. e Jan. 31 , 1865, m o Jnly4, '65. Teaman Henry, e Jan. 26, 1865, m o July 4, 1865. Welling John B. e Feb. 8, 1861, m o July 4, 1865. Wheyers Joseph E. e Feb. 24, 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Wenhorer John W. e Jan. 31, 1865, m o July 4, 1865. Substitutes and Drafted Men. Barnes Isaac, e Sept. 20, 1864, m o June 16. 1865. Bassey John J. e Oct. 3, 1864, as sub. m o July 4, '65. Clark Simon S. e Oct. 1, 1864, as sub. m o June 4, '65. Conner William, e Oct. 13, 1864, as sub. never re ported. Cleveland Ezra or Edwd. e Sept. 21, 1864, deserted April 18, 1865. Delanghey Henry, sub . e Sept. 21, 64, m o June 4, '65 Elicks Williams, sub. e Oct. 10. '64, m o Aug. 11, '65. Enlow Thomas e Sept. 20, 1864, m o June 4, 1865. Koetyle J. G. e Sept. 20, 1864, m o June 4, 1865. Menn Henry, e Oct. 5, 1864, sub. m o July 4, 1865. Prentiss Guy C. A. e Sept. 29, 1864, sub. m o June 22, 1865. Reakard Lorenzo e Oct. 7, sub. m o July 4, 1865. Schrader Jacob, m o July 7, 1865. Tutiman Silas, e Sept. 23, 1864, m o June 4, 1865. Weiberry Benj amin, e Sept. 23, 1864, m o June 4, '65. Zimmerman Johu, e Sept. 23, 1864, m o June 24, '65. Reynolds Jasper, under cook, e Sept. 1, 1863, m o July 4, 1865. Taylor Rice, under cook, e July 1, '63, m o July 4,'65. Company E. Privates. Frazell Jacob H. e Feb, 25, 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Godfrey Perry, e Feb. 24, 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Company F. Recruit. Rea Patrick W. e Feb. 14, 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Company H. Privates. Johnson Jonn W. promoted to principal musician. Waters Tnomas B. e Feb. 24, 1864, m o July 4, 1865. Company K, Private. Hendricks William, e Jan. 27, 1864, m o July 4, 1865. ADAMS COUNTY WAE RECORD. 355 Drafted and Substitute Recruits. Buck Martin, e Sept. 23, 1864, never reported. Baird William W. e Sept. 28, 1864, m o June 4, 1865. Brlnger Peter, e Sept. 23, 1864. m o June 4, 1865. Brasche Henry, e Sept. 30, 1864, sub. killed at Elv er's Bridge, 8. C. Carter William, e Oct. 12, 1864, sub. never reported. CbaWck William, e Sept. 22, 1864. m o June 4. 1865. Dumas Thomas, e Oct. 4, 18M, sub. m o May 30, 1865. Ellermeier, Ernest, e Sept. 22, 1864, m o June 4, 1865. Holden William R. e Oct. 11. '64, sub. m o Jnly 4, '65. Harford George, e Sept. 27. 1864. never reported. Holden Daniel, e Sept. 27, 1804. m o June 4, 1865. KrickbatlKer Wm. e Oct. 3, 1864. sub. m o July 4, '65. Kellermeier Herman, e Oct. 1, 1864. sub. killed near Bentonville, N. 0.,Mnr"h21, 1863. McWilllams James, e Oct.. 6, '64, sub. m o July 4 '65. Rosenbauer Fdk. e Oct, 1, 1864. eub. m o June 4,' 65. Schwartz Joseph, e Sept. 19, 1864, never reported. Slckman Henry, e Sept. 21. 1864, m o J une 4, 1865. Williamson James P. e Oct. 4, 1864, absent withont leave since Nov 16. 1864. Urtfixtidned Recruits. Kidd Robert M. e Jan. 25, 1864. Ohmer G. W. e Feb. 25, 1864, died at Camp Bntler, March 12, 1864. Wood A. F. c Feb. 25, 1864. rejected, disd. Young J. E. Y. Feb. 25, 1864, rejected disd. 11th Infantry. Company A. Hine George, m o Ju,y 14, 1861. Company K, UnassignM Recruit. Warner Jos. e March 1, 1865. Drafted Recruit. Maron Joi. e Oct. 6, 1864, sub. ISth Infantry, Company H. Drafted, Recruits. Brown Geo. W . e Sept. 27, 1884, m o June 1 . 1865. Renan David, e Oct. 3, 1864, m o July 10. 1865. 14th Infantry. Company 1). Recruit. Kennedy M. e March 31. 1864, vet. died June 25, '64. Company G. Veteran. Klett G. e Jan. 4, '64, trans, vet. bat. m o May 30, '65. Recruit. Spengler Alex, e June 26. 1861. 15th Infantry. Company H. Davis Sam. P. e Jan. 1, 1864, trans, co. C. vet. bat. Musician*. Duff Edwin F. e Feb. 25. 1865, m o Sept. 16, 1865. Burke Henry C. e Feb. 28, 1865, desrtd. June 25, '65. Hanson Thos. e Fob. 27, 1865, desrtd. Feb. 28, 1865. Allgieir Jno. e Feb. 15. 1865, m o July 12, 1*65. Brehme Edward, e Feb 15. 1865, m u Sept. 16. 1865. Bukel Jno. A. e Feb. 15, 1865, desrtd. June 25, 1865. Brown Silas, e Feb. 15. 1865. m o Sept. 16, 1865. Buss Henry H. e Feb. 28 1885, m o Sept. 16, 1885. Beckman Ludwig. e Feb. 28, 1865, m o Sept. 16, 1865. Calhoun Alex, e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Sept. 16, 1865. Humphries HeEry, e Feb. 15. 1865, m o July 19, 1865. i Oman Levi J. e Feb. 15, 1865. m o Sept, 16, 1865. Howard Elijah W. e Feb. 15. 1865, m o July 19, 1865. Kear Wm. e Feb. 15, 1865. m o Sept. 16, 1865. King Sam. T. e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Sept. 18, 1865. Lmebeck Cheny M. e Feb. 15. 1865, Sept. 16, 1865. Manni Jacob W. e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Sept. 16, 1865. Sanders J. K. e Feb. 15, .65, ¦» o Sept. 16, '65, corpl. Hword< Jno. W. e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Sept. 16, 1865. Sell Isaac M. e Feb. 15, 186a, deer.d. July 21, 1865. Steiobaneh Jacob, e Feb. 15. '65, desrtd. June 25 '65. Wayn Isaac L. e Feb. 15, 1865, absent, sick at m o. Wayn Sam. C. e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Sept. 16, 1865. lHth Infantry. The 16th Infantry Illinois Volunteers was organ ized and mustered into United States service at Quincy, III., under the " lOttt Regiment Act," on 24th May, 1861. It was mustered in by Capt. T. G. Pitcher, U. S. A., June 12, 1861, moved to Grand River as railroad guard ; after which it was scattered along the road as a guide . July 10, was attacked at Monroe Station by 1,600 rebels ; the regiment held Its position until reinforced, when the enemy fled. On the 16th, lost two men killed, and two wounded at Caldwell's Station. Aug. 20th, moved under Gen. Hurlbut to Kirkwell, and in pursuit ot Gen. Greene arrived at Hornywell, Sept. 1st. Sept. 10, ordered to St. Joe, Mo. On the 14th, together with the 3d Iowa Infantry, had a skirmish at Platte City. On the 11th returned to St. Joe. Jan. 27, ordered to Budd's Point, Mo. March 3d. ordered to New Madrid ; were attached to the Army of the Mississippi. Second brigade, Col. Jas. D. Morgan; First Division, Brig. Gen. E. A. Paine. On the evening of the 12th of March, the 10th and 16th Illinois Volunteers were thrown forward and erected a line of breastworks, mounting lour heavy guns witnin one-half a mile of the enemy's works. March 13, tne battle of New Madrid was fought, the 16th supporting the siege guns. April 7 wer<) loaded on opposite side of the Mississippi river with the lOtn Illinois, and followed tue retreating enemy to Tiptonville, Tenn., where 5,000 prisoners were captured, besides artillery, small arms and ammunition. April 9, returned to New Madrid; 13th, embarked to Osceola, Ark. ; 17th, embarked for Hamburg, Tenn., and arrived on 22d. Participat-.d in the siege of Corinth. After evacu ation pursued the enemy 10 Booeeville; Tune 12, re turned to camp at Big springs. July 20, moved to Tuscumbia; 29th, crossed the river at Florence, oept. 15th, arrived at Nashville; seventeen days march with continued guerilla fight ing; garrisoned Edgefield, guarding railroad bridge. Nov. 5th, was attacked by rebel Gen. Morgan, who was repulsed, leaving many dead upon the field; the I6th, los*. one killed and five wounded, includ ing Capt. Rowe ; mustered out, Jnly 8, 1865, at Louis ville, Ky.; arrived at Camp Butler, July 10, 1865, for final payment, and discharge. / Colonel. 14th Infantry (re-organized). Robert f. smith, com. May 13, isoi. Company G. Sergeants. Sanders Jno. D. e Feb. 15. 1865, m o Sep. 16, 1865. Sporg August, e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Sep. 16, 1865. Corporal. Moffatt A. e Feb. 15, '65. m o Sept. 16, '85, private. Lieutenant Colonels. Samnel Wilson, com. May 13, 1861, res. Sept. 3, 1862 James B. Cahill, com. Sept. 3, 1862. Majors. Samnel M. Hayes, com. May 13, '61, died Aug. 6, '62- Charles Petrie, com. Aug. 6, 1862. 356 ADAMS CO0NTY WAE EECORD. Adjutant. Charles D. Kerr, com. Sept. 21, 1861. Quartermasters . Thomas J. Coulter, com. July 24, 1861, trans, to Brig. Quartermaster. Lucius L. King, com. May 3, 1862. Surgeons . Louis Watson, com. June 21, 1861. * A. L. Ritchey, 1st Asst. com. May 18, 1862. Chaplain. Richard Haney, com. May 24, 1861, res. June 18, '62. Regimental Band. Beadle Wm. H. e May 24, 1861, m o May 8, 1862. Pennett A. C. e May 24, 1861, m o May 8, 1862. Bryan Rice P. e May 24, 1861, m o May 8, 1862. Kidwell David D. e May 24. 1861, m o May 8, 1862. Lane James M. e Mav 24. 1F61. disd. Feb. 26, 1862. McCoy Josiah B. e Mav 24, 1861, m o May 8, 1862. Moore Newton, e May 24, 1861, m o May 8, 1862. Parker Orrin M. B. e May 24, 1861, m o May 8, 1862. Scholl W. P. e May 24, 1861, m oMay 8, 1862. Company A. Privates. Brownell Abram, e June 1, 1861, disd. Nov. 27, 1861. Disler Benj. e Mav 24, 1861, re-e as vet. Fitzgerald Michael, e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. Merrick John L. e Mav 24,'61, trans. 1st Kansas Inf. Palmer Geo. B. diBd 1861. Ralston Jas. H. e May 24, 1861,trans. to 60th 111. Inf. Recruits . Griffith Eccles, e Feb. 16, 1864. Smith Joseph, e Jan. 18, 1864, missing. Thompson Chas. e Jan. 28, 1864, missing. Company IS. Musicians. Isaac W. Strickler, e May 24, 1861.trans. 50th 111. Inf. Ament Elza, e May 24, 1861, m o July 8, 1865. Asher James, e May 24, 1861, m o July 8, 1865. Bates Edward, e May 24, 1861, disd. March 29, 1862. Butler Abiah.e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60th 111. Inf. Beadle Wm. H. e May 24, '61, t-ans. to regular band. Privates. Catlett J. E. e May 24, 1861. re-e as vet. Curry Henry E. e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60th Ill.Inf. Dodd John, e May 24, 1861, disd. March 29. 1862. Harwell Abestos, e May 24, '61, trans, to 60th Ill.Inf. McFarland, Duncan, e May 24, 1862. Pierce Henry R. e May 24, 1862, died. Oct. 1, 1861. Parr Sam'l, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 66th 111. Inf. Robertson Alonzo J.e May 24, '61, trans. 60th Ill.Inf. Stewart E. T. e May 24, 1861, disd. Oct. 1, 1861. Strickler, Rob't P. e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. Swartwout, Theo. H . e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 8, 1865. Walker E. R. e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60th 111. Inf. Recruits. Fowler Francis, e Feb. 1, 1862, disd. April 19, 1862. Gaddie Buford, e Feb. 1, 1862, m o Feb. 5, 1865. Killon, A. J. e Feb. 1, 1862. Company C. Corporal. Geo. W. Bates, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60th Ill.Inf. Drummer. Lewis T.Vincent,e May24,'61,disd.by court martial. Privates. Aldrich John, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60th 111. Inf. Bechtel John, e May 24, 1861. trans, to band. BurnB, W. H. e May 24. 1861. trans, to 60th 111 Inf. Burns, Simon, e May 24, 1861. trans, to 60th 111. Inf. Crewdson, Lycurgas, e May 24, 1861. Colopy Patrick, e May 24, 1861. trans, to 60th Ill.Inf. Crald Jesse S. May 24, 1861, trans, to 60th 111. In . Collins Matthew, e May 24, 1861, disd. Dec. 27, 1861. Gushing Wm. e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60th 111. Inf. Caen Patrick, e May 24, 1861. Corwin George, e May 24, 1861, disd. Aug. 15, 1861. Cusick Wm. H. e May 24, 1861. died May 5, 1862. Coan P M . e May 24, 1861, trans, to Glover's cavalry. Dawson, Alexander, e May 24. 1861. Darnal] Henry H. e May 24, 1861, trans. 60th 111. Inf. Geeser John, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60th 111. Inf. Gernon Stephen, e May 24, 1861. Goodapple Geo. J. e May 24. 1861, trans. 60th Ill.Inf. Garrett, Eli T. e May 24, 1861, disd. by court martial. Hayes John, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60th 111. Inf. Henneberry. Mark, e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 8, 1865. Kendall Edwin W. e May 24, 1861, disd. Oct. 8, 1862. Kinney Michael, e May 24. 1861, sentenced by court martial. King Joseph, e May 24, 1861, sentenced by court martial. Lynch Michael, e May 24, 1861, disd. Feb. 28, 1862. McGinnis Michael, e May 24,'61, trans. 60th 111. Inf. McCarty Daniel, e May 24.'6i, disd. by court martial. Mitchell Thos. e May 24, 1861, disd. by court niaitial. Miller Thomas, e May 24. 1861. McClintock J. M. e May 24, '61, re e as vet. died wds. Mears Benj. F. eMay 24, '61, re-e as vet. mo July, 66. Merriman John, e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. pro. 1st Lieut. Ryan Rehoda, e May24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Regan Patrick, e May34, 861. trans, to 60 111. Inf. Rugg A. e May 24, 1861, trans, to Co. D. 16 111. Inf. Spencer William, e May 24, 1861. Sul!iv»n Jerry, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60th 111. Inf. Stickler Wm. H. e. May 24,1861, re-e as vet. died Oct. 31. 1864. Stickler Reuben S. e May 24, '61, trans. 60th 111 . Inf. Tucker J. P. e May 24. 1861, trans, to 60th 111. Inr. Underwood I. C. e May 24, '61, trans to 60th 111. Inf. Wittle James, e May 24, 1861, disd. by court martial. Woodruff P. e May 24, 1861, disd. by court martial, Wood Andrew J. e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m 0 Jnly 8, 1865. , Watt George, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Yeoter George, e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m o Jnly 8, 1865. Recruits. Bell John M. e Aug. 20, 1861, disd Sept. 20, 1864. Campbell Geo. S. e Jan. 30. 1862, disd. Jan. 30, 1865. Glasscock E . C. e Feb. 18, 1864, m o July 8, 1865. Kemp Charles J. e Jan. 3, 1864, died June 14,1864. Leeds Elijah P. e Jan. 21, 1864. m o May 16, 1865. McDaniel Wm. E. e Jan. IS, 1861. Mitchell Jefferson, e Dec. 28, '63, desrtd. Feb. 14, '64. Miles Jacob, e Aug. 31, re-e. vet. McLane Edwin L. e Feb. 18, 1864, m o July 18, 1865. Smith Wm. (;. e Aug. 1M861. re-e vet. Thomer Davis, e Jan. 26, 1864. m o July, 1865. Tucker Thane M. e Jan. 21, 1864, m o July 8. 1865. Taylor Sam'l, e April IB, 1863, ni o July 8, 1865. Volk Henry B. e Feb. 3, 1864, m o July 8, 1865. Webster Frank M. e Den. 31, '63, desrtd. Nov. 22, '64. Yenter John, e Feb. 2, 1865, m o July 8, 1865. Company D. Privates. Brown Alexander, e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. disd. June 9, 1865. Sheehe John, e May 24, 1861, disd. April 22. 1862. Spicer James A. e May 24, 1861, disd. July 5, 1861. Sullivan Larry, e May 24, 1861. Sullivan J erry, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Vancil William, e May 24. 1861, re-e as vet. diBd. Sept. 11, 1864. Recruits. Austin Milton, e July 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 18, 1865. Griffith Edward, e Feb. 15, 1864, m o June 22, 1865. Imbler John, e Feb. 18, 1864, m o July 8, 1865. Murphy Amos E. e'Feb. 18, 1861, m o July 8, 1865. Phlpps David E. e Feb. 2, 1865, m o July 8, 1865. Rugg Austin T. e May 24, 1861. tans, from Co. C. Sherman Edward, e Jan. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. July, mo Jnly 18, 1865. SummerhalG Levi e Sept. 28. 1862, m o July 18, 1865. Vancil William, e May 10, 1865, m o July 8, 1865. ADAMS COUNTY WAE EECOED. 357 Company E. Privates. Dowling Theo. e May 24, 1861, desrtd. Oct. 20,'61. Evans John, e May 24, 1861. Haley Harrison, e Mav 24, '61, trane . to 60 111. Inf. Kenny K. e May 24, 1861, died Dec. 15, 1861. Peter Geo. W. e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Reed Isaac, e May 24, 1861. Recruits . Kennedy Patrick, e June 1, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July, 1865. Robs William, e Jan. 4, 1864, mo July 8,1865. Smith Geo e Feb. 22, 1864, m o absent, sicknesB. Toolson Edward, e June 1, 1861, ree as vet. disd. by expiration. Company F. Privates . Cahill Thomas, e May 24. 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Crow James L. e May 24, 1861, disd. Dec. 4, 1862. Leonard Wm. e May 24. 1861, died Sept. 6, 1865. Rood D. e May 24, 1861. re e as vet. m o July 8, 1865. Howe James, e May 24, 1861. disd. Feb. 15, 1862. Sutherland J. P. e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 8,1865. Recruit. Knowles Henry, e Sept. 28, 1862, disd. and pro. to colored Regt. Company G. Privates. Collins John, e May 24, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 8. '65. Demkin David, e May 24, 1861, died Jnne 15, 1862. Ellis William A. e May 24, 1861. Garlett Tarsius L. e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111 Inf. Mitchell Edward, e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. missing. Harsh L. G. e May 24, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 8, 65. Palmer Jesse, e May 24, 1861, disd. July 8, 1862. Robinson John W. e May 24. 1861. Schofield George e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 8,1865. Young Waterman, e May 24, 1861, disd. April 23, '62. Recruits . Hankie Jno. A. e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 8, 1865. Mllligan John, e May 24, 1861. McLean John H. e July 19, 1862, kid. at Dallas, Ga., May 29, 1864. Omer John J. e Feb. 28, 1864, m o Jnly 8, 1865. Rohrig Rich. F. e Jan. 26, 1864, m o July 18, 1865. Roland Wm. F. e Feb. 3, 1864, m o July 18, 1865. Company H. Jacob Koetzle, 1st e May 24, 1861, disd. April 4, 1862. Clemens Ridder, e May 24, 1861, pro 1st. Lieut. Kasper Koch, e May 24, '61. re-e as vet.m o July 8, '65 Coateen Tieniken, e May 24, 1861, pro. to 2d Lieut. Corporals. Thomas H. Smith, e May 24, 1861, pro. to 2d Lieut. John Sauftleben, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Gustav Orldloff, e May 24, 1861, disd. April 12, 1862. Janus W. Gilmer, e May 24, 1861, kid. June 24, 1861, Macon City, Mo. John Lorenz e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m,o July 18, 1865. Thomas J. Callahan, e May 24, 1861. Christian Wenger, e May 24, 1861. Musicians. Gnstav Umgetter, e May 24, 1861. George Doerle, e May 24, 1861, re-e aB vet. m o July 8, 1865. Privates. Brown John.'e Mav 24, 1861, Tans, to 60 111. Inf. Chapman L. R. e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 8, 1865, sergt. Davis Benj. R. eMay24'61, re-e as vet. pro. 2d Lieut. Bllerbrock Herman, e Mav 24, '61, disd. Oct. 22, 1862. Farber Jacob, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Fohrmann John, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Frey Christopher, e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. pro. 1st Lieut. Goetren Herman, e May 24, '61, re-e as vet. m o Julv 8, 1865. ' Henz Otto, e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m o Julv 8 1865, corpl. ' ' Heimbuch Charles, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60111 Inf Heimbuch Gustav, e May 24, 1861. Huber Gustav,e May 24, '61,re-e as vet.m o July 8, '65. Hoester Bernhard, e May 24, 1861, trans.to 60 Ill.Inf. Jeager Jacob, e May 24, 1861. Jetner Christian, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 Til. Inf. Johnson John F. e May 24. 1861, disd. Nov. 30, 1861 Klempp Adam, e May 24, 1861, died Dec. 8, 1861. Klein John Adam, e May 24, 1861. Kupfer Geo. e May 24, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 8, '65. Linz George, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Meyer Daniel, e May 24, 1861. Moenken Herman, e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 8, 1865. Oberjohann Fred. W. e May 24, 1861. Panter Antone, e May 24th, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Jan. 1, 1864. Riehter Albert, e May 24, 1861. Risto Herman, e May 24, 1861, disd. March 1, 1862. Roberts Frederick, e May 24, 1861. Roe John H. e May 24, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 8, '65. Schienberg Henry, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 Ills. Jan. 1, 1864. Scheffersman Gottlieb, e May 24, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Schmitte Edward, e May 24, 1861, died. Feb. 26, 1862. Schmitt George, e May 24, 1861, disd. April 18, 1862. Schmidt Wm. e May 24, 1861. Schmidt George P. e May 24, 1861, disd. April 4, 1862 Schwab Fred, e May 24, 1861. Schwinaler Bernard, e May 24, 1861, re-e aB vet. m o July 8, 1865, corpl. Seddelmeyer Antone, e May 24, 1865, re-e as vet. m o July 8, 1865. Seddelmeyer Felix, e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 8, 1865. Stock Job, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Strank Peter, e May 24, 1861. Strattmann Wm. e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Stuke Wm, e May 24, 1865, disd. Oct. 6, 1862. Surlage Frank, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Jan. 1, 1864. Telherning Wm. e May 24,1861, re-e as vet. m o Jnly 19, 1865. Westermann F. C. e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Jan. 1, 1864. Wilhelme George, e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. prisr. pro. corpl. Zink John, e May 21, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 8, '65. Zink Philip, e May 2', 1861, died July 11, 1864. Recruits. Beckman Wm. e May 24. 1861. Dick Henry, e Feb. 27, 1864, m o July 8, 1865. Essig Fred, e Feb. 11, 1864, m o July 8, 1865. Enhaus John, e Feb. 2, 1864, m o July 8, 1865. Gasche Martin, e Dec. 17, 1863, m o July 8, 1865. Heintz Peter, e June 5, 1861 , re-e as vet. m o July 8, 1865, as corpl. Jacoby John, e Dec. 28, 1863, m o July 8, 1865, Koerner Edward, e March 24, 1861. Koetzle Abraham, e Aug. 8, 1862, m o June 12, 1865. Long Joseph, e Feb. 2, 1864, m o July 8. 1865. Long Frank M. e Aug. 2, 1862, trans, from 129 111. Inf. m o July 8, 1865. Miller Daniel N. e June 5, 1861, disd. June 6, 1865. Miller Thomas, e Feb. 18 1864, m » July 8, 1865. Oberling George, e Aug. 13, 1862, m o June 12, 1865. Risto H. e Dec. 26, 1863, vet. recruit, m o July 8, '65. Eidder Albert, Feb. 18, 1864, vet. ree. m o July 8, 1865, 1st sergt. Schulte August, e Sept. 6, 1862, m o June 12, 1865. Staff George, e Aug. :-0, 1862. Stooke Wm. e Feb. 18. 1864, vet. ree. m o July 8, '65. Talken Albert, e Feb. 1, '64, m o July 8, 1865, as corpl. Wick Johr, e June 1, 1861. Wiseman Henry, July 27, 1864, m o June 12. 1865. Zeh Herman, e Feb. 8, 1864, m o July 8, 1865. Company I. Privates. Eaton Isaac, e May 24, 1861. Harvey Thos. e May 24, 1861, re-e vet. m o July 8, '65. 358 ADAMS COUNTY WAE EECOED. Hughes Adam, e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. TTan. 1, 1864. Miller Sebastian, e May 24, 1861, disd. Dec. 10, 1862. Morgan P. e May 4, 1861, re-e vet. m o July 8, 1865. Plymate James, e May 24, 1861. Pollard Wm. e May 24.W861, disd. June 26, 1862. Wade Wm. e May 24, '61, re-e as vet. died Aug. 20, '64. Recruits. Coffey Thus. J. e Feb. 19, 1864, kid. Dallas, Ga., May 28, 1864. Gageby J. e June 1, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 8, 1865. Harvey Geo. H. e Feb. 8, 1864, m o June 20, 1865. Bicker John B. e Nov. 5, 1864, m o June 5, 1865. Swan Wm. e. Feb. 19, '64, vet. ree. m o July 8, 1865. Sullivan Herron, e Feb. 13, 1864, m o Jnly 8, 1865. Tyner Wm. e Feb. 2, 1864, m o July 8, 1865. Company K. Privates. Beemer Peter, e May 24, 1661, re-e as vet. m o July 8, 1865, as sergt. Edson Nathan, e May 24, 1861. Howard Hartfont P. e May 24, 1861, disd. Oct. 17, '61. Kendall Chas. A. e May 24, 1861, disd. Sept. 12, 1862. Leslie Geo. e May 24, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 8, '65. Maybnrry George W. e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Jan. 1, 1864. Clerson Calvin F. e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 8, 1865. Quincy Wm. H. e May 24, 1865, re-e as vet. m o July 8, 1865. Sheppard Thomas, jr. e May 24, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 8, 1865. Thompson Jos. W. e May 24, 1861, disd. April 20, '62. Wolf Geo. W. e May 24, 1861, trans, to 60 111. Inf. Jan. 1, 1864. Recruits. Allen Chas. W. e Feb. 18, 1864, m o July 8, 1865. Lockwood Cornelius B.e Feb. 12, '64, m o June 22, '65. Simmons Chas. M. e Jan. 4, 1864, m o July 8, 1865. Unassigned Recruits. Allen John, e Jan. 27, 1864, Butler George W. e Feb. 18, 1864. Chisler Robert, e Jan. 20, 1864. Duffleld Emanuel, e Aug. 9, 1862. Jones Daniel, e March 7, 1864. Miller Wm. e Jan. 19, 1864. Pell John , e Jan. 30, 1864 Stevens Kile. R. e Feb. 11, 1864. Stewart Alexander, eFeb. 25, 1864. Widner, Wm. e Dec. 9, 1864. 18th Regiment. Company E. Private. O'Brien Michael, e Nov. 12, 1863, m o Dec. 16, 1865, 18th Regiment (re-organized). Company D. Ellas C. Roskenneld, e March 6, '65, pro. Sergt-Maj. Privates. Campbell Jno. B. e March 6, 1865, m o Aug. 16, '65. Crafton A. P. e March 6, 1865, absent, sick at m o. ClaDper Jacob, e March 3, 1865, died Little Rock, Sept. 3, 1865. Calef Al A. e March 3, 1865, m o Dec. 16, 1865. Corning Wm. e March 7, 1865, m o Dec. 16, 1865. Donhane Dan. e March l,'65,m o Dec.l6,'65,as Corpl. Donahue Jno. e March 1, 1865, m o May 11, 1865. Haynes Jno. H. e March 3, 1865, m o Dec. 16, 1865. Heraldson Jno. W. e March 2, 1865, desrtd March 25, 1865. (.See Co. K, 28th Ills.) Householder Jno.H.e March 2. "63, absent, sick at m o. Haynes Alvis L, e March 3, 1865, m o Dec. 16, 1865. Levanard Wm. e March 1, 1865. m o Dec. 16, 1865. Lewis Wm. T. e March 7, 1865, m 0 June 11, 1865. Lee Young A. e March 2, 1865, m o Sept. 4, 1865. Mcintosh Nat. e March 4, 1865, died Little Rock, May 21, 1865. McRay Miles, e March 3, 1865, m o Dec. 16, 186}. Smith John L. e March 3, 1865, m o Dec. 16, 1865. Trip Jno. e March 3, 1865, m o Dec. 16, 1865. Trip H. B. e Mch.8,'65,dled Little Bock, Aug., 18, '65. Triplet Alex, e March 1, 1865, m o Dec. 16, 1865. Triplet Jno. e March 6, 1865, m o Dec. 16, 1865. Company E. Baird Rob't, e March 8, 1865, m o May 11, 1865. Bacon Dav. G. e March 8, 1865, m o Sept. 8, 1865. Green Geo. H. e March 8, 1865, m o Dec. 16, 1865. Keeter Alex, e March 8, 1865, m oMay 23, 1865. Kirkpatrick Milton G. e March 7, '65, m o Dec. 16, '65, Keith Richard H. e March 7, '65, desrtd. July 15,'65. Lighttoot Henry A. e March 6, 1865. m o May 29, '65. Lightfoot Sylvanus, eMarcn 6, 1865 m o May 29, '65. Miller Benj. e March 8, 1865, m o May 29, 1865. Miller Henry, e March 6,'65, disd. Nov.15,'65, disab. Newton Orin L. e March 6, 1865, m o Dec. 16, 1865. Stairs Wm. J. e March 8, 1865. m o July 13, 1865. Sheaz Henry I. e March 9, 1865, desrtd. Sept. 13, '65 Company G. Privates. Adams E. B. e March 2, 1865, died Pine Bluffs, Ark., Nov. 29, 1865. Goode D. B. e March 2, 1865, m o Jnne 12, 1865. Company I. Privates. Becker Bernard, e Feb. 21, 1865, m o June 3, 1865. Shelts Pmllip, e March 15, 1865, m o Dec. 13, 1865. 19th Infantry. Company E. Lemnor A. S. e July 14, '61, disd. Sept. 13, '61, disab. Tucker Al. R. e July 17, '61, disd. Oct. 4, '62, disab. Company F. Private. Life Jas. e June 25, 1861, desrtd. Sep. 18, 1861. 30th Infantry. Company I). Drafted and Substituted Recruit. Kramer Jos. e Jan. 7, 1865, sub. Company H. Drafted and Substituted Recruits. Cahll Jeremiah, e Jan. 7, 1865, never reported. Delany Pat. e Jan. 7, 1865, never reported. Fennan Pat. e Jan. 7, 1865, never reported. Fogarty Michael, e Jan. 11, 1865, never reported. Hopkins Jno. e Jan. 11, 1865, never reported. 31st Infantry. Company F. Recruit. Ricks Jas. A. e July 11, 1861, disd. July 11, 1864. Company K. Unassigned Recruits. Organ Jas. e Dec. 7, 1864. Riley John, e. Dec. 7, 1864. I I ADAMS COUNTY WAE RECORD. 359 33d Infantry. Company F. Recruits. Buckley Wm. failed to report at re-organization. Gilbert Jno. failed to report at re-organization. McLaugtilin Jno. kid. at Lexington, Sept. 21,'61. Smith Thos. failed to report at re-organization. 34th Infantry. Company G. Private. Mueller Henry A. disd. April 15, 1863, disab. 36th Infantry. Company D. Recruits. Vernon David H. e Sept. 7, 1861, re-e as vet. m o 26, 1865, disab. Herrick Benj. e Feb. 19, 1864, m o July 20, 1865. Company H. Recruit. Healey Jno. e Sept. 1, 1861, turned out of regiment as a nuisance. Company I. Pri nates. Deeter Benj. T. e Nov. 27, 1861, died at Corinth, May 21, 1862. Wells J. M. e Nov. 27, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 20, '65. 37th Infantry. It was organized at Camp Butler, with only seven companies, Aug. 10, 1861. and ordered to Jackson ville as a part of Brig. Gen. John A . McClernand's Brigade. Sept. 1st, ordered to Cairo, where the remaining companies joined. It was engaged in the battle of Belmont, Nov. 7, 1861, where it took quite a prominent part and lost severely. March 14, 1862, formed a part of the '¦ Mississippi Flotilla ; " Btarted down the river and remained during the Biege of Island No. 10. The 27th was the first to land on the island. Was engaged in tbe siege of Corinth and battle of Farmington, May 9, 1862; pursued the enemy to Booneville. July, 1862, ordered to Iaka: guarded the Memphis and Ch»rieston railroad. Remained in Nashville during the time it was cut off from communications with tbe north. Distinguished itself in the advance from Nashville, and in the battlj of Stone River. Engaged in the battles of Shelbyville, Tullahoma, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Kesaca, Adairsville, near Dallas, near Pine Top Mountain, Mud Creek, Kenesaw Mountain, Peacn Tree Creek. The regiment was ordered to Springfield, Aug. 25, 1865. Colonels. Napoleon H. Buford, com. Aug. 10, 1861, pro. Brig. Gen. April 15, 1862. Facillo A. Harrington, com. April 20, 1862. Lieutenant Colonel. Facillo A. Harrington, com. Aug. 10, 1861, pro. Majors. John A. Miles, com. Dec. 18, 1861, pro. Lieut. Col. April 16, 1862. Hall Wilson, com. Aug. 10,'61, pro. Col. 5th Cavalry. Wm. A. Schmitt, com. April 15, 1862. Adjutants. Henry A. Rust, com. April 12, 1861, pro. Capt. Co. F. Simeon Sheldon, com. Nov. 1, 1862. David B. Sears, com. Aug. 10, 1861. Surgeons. Edward H. Bowman, com. Sept. 11, 1861. Henry C. Barrell, 1st Asst. com. Aug. 26, 1861 Chaplain. S. Yonng McMasters, com. Sept. 4, 1861. Company A. Captains. Wm. A. Schmitt, com. Aug. 21, 1861, pro. Matthew Jansen, com. Aug. 16, 1862. Lieutenants. Wm. Shipley, 1st, com. Aug. 21, 1861, died. Jos. Voellinger, 2d, com. Aug. 21, '61, pro. 1st Lieut. John A. Schmitt, 2d, com. April 16,.1862. Sergeants. Matthew Jansen, 1st. e Aug. 20, 1861, pro. 2d Lieut. Christian Fink, e Aug. 20, 1861, pro. 1st Lieut. Wm. Beckmeyer, e Aug, 20, 1861, pro. Q. M. sergt. J. Schucraft, e Aug. 20. '61. m o Sept. 2U,'64, private. Fred. Schaller, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Corporals. Adam Fick, e Aug. 20,'61, m o Sept. 20,'64, 1st sergt. A. Borendes, e Aug. 20, '61, disd. Feb. 9, '62, private. T. H. Jonson. e Aug. 20. '61, m o Sept 20, '64, sergt. Gustav Boder, e Aug. 20, '61, m o Sept. 20. '64, sergt. Fred. Schwab, e Aug. 20, 1861, died July 16, 1864. L. Weiland, e Aug. 20, '61. detached service on m o. John A. MieBa, e Aug. 20, 1861, trans, to V. R. C. April 6. 1864. John Steirlin, e Aug. 20, '61. m o Sept. 20, '64, sergt. Mvslcian. Charles Mester, e Aug. 20, 1861, died in pris. Rich mond, Nov. 21, 1863. Privates. Ashman John, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Ashoff A. e Aug. 20, '61, died at Cairo,' Sept. 25, 1861. Balzer Valentine, e Aug. 21. 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Balzer George, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Berkinbrink John H. e Aug. 20, 1861, died at Rienza, Miss., June 11, 1862. Brondis Henry, e Aug. 20,'61, disd. Feb. 9, '62, disab. Breker John, e Aug. 20, 1861, died Nashville, Tenn. Nov. 4, 1862. Buehta August, e Aug. 20, 1861. disd. Jan. 5, 1862. Buchrer Fred, e Aug. 20, 1861, prisr. Jan. 18, 1864. Buehshulte August, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20,'64. Buehshulte Henry, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, '64. Consteiner F. e Aug. 20. '61, died Feb 23. '64, of wds. Pordisimon C. e Aug. 20. '61, disd. May 28, '62, disab. Fisher Henry, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Grossa E. e Aug. 20, '61, trans, to V. R. C. May 15, '64. Gaus Arnold, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Hartung Gotlieb, e Aug. 20, 1861, ra o Sept. 20, 1864. Herbst Wm. e Ang. 20, '61, disd. Feb. 27, '63, diBab. Heilwagen Wm. e Aug. 20, 1861, trans. V. R. C. Kerkhick H. e Ang. 20, '61, disd. Oct. 24, '63. disab. Kikert Chas. e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. July 30, '62. disab. Kousa Henry, e Aug. 20. 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Lohr Berhard, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Lichterberry A. e Aug. 20, '61, disd. July 22,'64, disab. Lupker Wm. e Aug. 20, 1861. disd. July 25, '62, disab. Lupker Henry, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Mohrmen J. e Aug. 20. 1861, m o Sept. 20'64, as corpl. Mihaus Fred, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Pfurmann Valentine, e Aug. 20, '61, m o July 19, '65. Pillman Casper, e Aug. 20, 1861, died at Nashville, Jan. 18, 1863, of wds. Prante Henry, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Runoa August, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Eicksick August, e Aug. 20, 1861, died at Nashville, Jan. 29, 1863. Retmeier Chas. e Aug. 20, '61, m o Sept. 20,'64, corpl. Shang Henry, e Aug. 20, '61, m o Sept. 20, '64, corpl. Staff Peter, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, ie64. Schweppe Fred, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Stakhut Christian, e Aufe. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Siek Wm. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Schild Henry, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Sellis Christian, e Aug. 20, 1861, died at Camp Schaf- fer, June 18, 1863. Suhra Chas. e Ang. 20, '61, disd. Nov. 24, '62, ditab. Schaffer Henry, e Aug. 20, '61, m o Sept. 20, '64, corpl . 360 ADAMS COUNTY WAR BECOED. Schumacher Fred, e Aug. 20, '61, m o Sept. 20, 1864, corpl. Wiestnann Fred, e Aug. 20, '61, kid. at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. Wobrman Henry, e Aug. 20, 1861, died at Nashville, July 24, 1862. Winkler Ignas, e Aug. 20, '61, died at Nashville, Oct. 24, 1862. Wury Frank, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 20, 1861. Wult Jacob, e Aug. 20, 1861, kid. at Kennesaw Mt., June 27, 1864. Werner Adolpb, e Aug. 20, '61.disd.Feb.26, '62,disab. Zipf Matthias, e Aug. 20. '61, died in prison, Macon, Ga., Sept. 26, 1862. Recruits. Dedeck Paul, e Aug. 18, '61, disd. May, 18, '63, disab. Evatt Granville M. e Jan. g, 1862, detached service at m o Regt. Flacho Peter, e Aug. 18, 1861, trans, from 3d Mo. R. C, mo Sept 20, 1864. Geisser Sam. e Aug. 18; 1861, trans, from 3d Mo. R. C, m o Sept. 20, 1864. Gerner. George, e Aug. 18, 1861, trans, from 3d Mo. R. C.kld. Dec. 3, 1862. Humel John, e Sept. 6, '61, died. July 15, '62, disab. Hummel Martin, e Ang. 18, 1861, trans, from 3d Mo. R. C, m o Sept. 20 1864. KlingeJohnH.eBept. 6, '61, disd. June 5, '62, disab. Petrom Chas. e Sept. 6, 1861, kid. at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. Rohn brock Henry, e Sept. 6, '61, disd. June 2,\1862. Supker Henry. Voeth Paul, e Sept. 6, '61, disd. Feb.. 15, '62, disab. Vandenboom Henry, e Sent. 6, '61, m o Sept. 20, '64. Weibrock Henry, e Sept. 24, '61, trans. V. R. C. Company 6. Drafted and Substituted Recruits. Clark Aaron H. e Oct. 3, 1864, m o July 17, 1865. Campbell Thos. e Oct. 3, 1861, m o May 23, 1865. Hancock, Sam. R. e Oct. 3, 1864, m o July 17, 1865. Miller Andrew J. e Oct. 3, 1864. m o July 17, 1865. Worcester Matthew, e Oct. 3, 1864, m o June 9, 1865. Company I. Recruit. Arvin Wm. J. e March 25, 1862, desrtd. April 25, '62. 31st Infantry. Company B. Drafted and Substituted Recruits. Boots Jos. e Oct. 18, 1864, sub. m o July 19, 1865. Campbell Benj. e Dec. 14. 1864. sub. never reported Campbell Jas. e Oct. 21. 1864, sub. m o July 19, 1865. Wright Jno. e Oct. 21, 1864, m o July 19, 1865. Company D. Drafted and Substituted Recruits. Allen Garrett, e Oct. 13, 1864, sub. m o Jnne 21, 1865. Ducket Fred, e Oct. 3, 1864, disd. Jan. 21, 1865. Company BL. Jno. B. Ricker, e Aug. 10, 1861, kid. 38th Infantry (Consolidated). Company K. Ellsworth Isaac, e March 6, '65, desrtd. July 20, '66. Harleon Jno. W. e March 2, '65, desrtd. July 20, '65. Boyd R. M. e Feb. 28, 1865, m o May 23, 1865. Kelley Jno. e Feb. 4, 1864. Yates Jas. e Oct. 7, 1864. 39th Infantry. Company D. Drafted and Substituted fiecruits. Brown Frances M. e Sept. 27, '64, m o Aug. 14, 1865. Stafford Isaac A. e Sept. 27, '64, m o Aug. 14, 1865. Snyder Phillip, e Sept. 27. 1864, m o Aug. 14. 1865. Scott Wiseman, e Sept. 27, 1864, m o Aug. 14, 1865. Vance And ew, e Sept. 27, 1864, m o June 22, 1865. Walker Andrew J. e Sept. 28, '64, desrid. April 30, '65. Company K. Recruit. Bostick Chas. H. e March 6, 1865, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Drafted and Substituted Recruits. Allen Syvester, e Sept. 27, 1864, m 0 Aug. 4, 1865. Austen Wm. A. e Sept. 27, 1864, m o Aug. 4. 1865. Brewer Stephen, e Sept. 27, 1864, m o Aug. 4, 1865 Field Jas. A. e Sept. 27, 1864, m o Aug. 4, 1865. Frost Worth, e Sept. 27, 1864, m o July 26, 1865. Foster Geo. W. e Sept. 27, 1864, m o Aug. 4, 1865 Hirds Jas. e Sept. 27, 1864, m o Aug. 4, 1865. Knight, Moses, e Sept. 27, 1864, m o Aug. 4, 1865. Lewis Wm. e Sept. 27, 1864, m o Aug. 4, 1865. Powell Jno. e Sept. 27, 1864, m o Aug. 4, 1865. Talcott, Asa W. e Sept. 27, 1867, m o Aug. 4, 1865. 30th Infantry. Company A. Recruit. Wilson Hugh, e Sept. 24, 1881. Drafted and Substituted Recruit. Burns George, e Sept. 26, 1864, m o June 4, 1865. 33d Infantry. Company F. Recruits. Burley Fred, e June 27. 1864, died at Columbia, S. C Feb. 17, 1865. Svenson, Jas. e June 26, 1864, desrted. July 21, 1865. Company K, TJnassigned Recruit. Tamon Michael, e Aug. 17, 1864. 34th Infantry. Company K. Recruits (Transferred from 78th III)'. Ellington Wm. Z. e Feb. 28, 1865, m o July 12, 1865. Hickerson John, e Feb. 28, 1865, never repotted. Jolly Jos. e March 3, 1865, m o July 12, 1865. Jolly Henry H. e March 1, 1865, m o July 12, 1865. Newson Jno. B. e Feb. 28, 1865, m o July 12,1865. 37th Infantry. Company K. TJnassigned Recruit. Black Wm. G. e Dec. 19, 1864. 43d Infantry. Company D. Recruits. Kimbler, Chris, e March 11, 1865, m o Dec. 16, 1886. Mahoney Jno. eMar. 11, 1865, died Lavaca, Tex. Aug. 2, 1865. Company F. Drafted and Substituted Recruits. Barnes Wm. e Sept. 27, 1864, kid. Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 29, 1864. s Harmon Marcus, e Sept. 30, 1864, m o May 18, 1865. Hurd Numan, e Sept. 30, 1864, m o June 10, 1866. ADAMS COUNTY WAR EECORD. 361 43d Infantry. Company F. Wm. Schelvebal, e Sept. 2, 1861, pro. 2d Lieut. Corporal. Adam Wiedner, e Sept. 2, '61, vet. trans. Co. C. cons . Company G. Bentel Casper A. e Sept. 1, 1861, m o Dec. 16, 1864. Cordea Louis, e Oct. 14, 1861, m o Dec. 16. 1864. Gibbard Burckhard, desertd. Oct. 15, 1861. Company II. 1 Tear Organization, Consolidated. Wm. Bachshutte, 1st, e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, '65. Wm. Gille, e Feb. 8, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Henry Schaffer, e Nov. 10, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. John Stickler, e Feb. 10, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. John Clemme, e Feb. 10, 1865, m o Nov 30, 1865. Corporals. Wm. Meller, e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Adolph Spelkes, e Feb. 9, 1865, mo June 16, 1865. Herman Knuff man, e Feb . 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Jno. Heldbrider, e Feb. 10, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Jno. H. Horner, e Feb. 8, 1865, died Little Rock, 1865. Henry Bornnam, e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Henry Korte, e Feb. 7, 1865, m o Nov. 30. 1865. Reuben, Doty, e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Henry C. Greeve, e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Nov. 30, '65. Wagoner. Wm. Aschenphol, e Feb. 7, 1865. m o Nov. 30, 1865. Privates. Althelde Herman, e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Beckman Henry, e Feb. 7, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Beckman Wm. e Feb. 10, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Benthop Henry, e Feb. 8, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Brocksmidt Chas. e Feb. 8. 1865, m o Nov. 30 1865. Buehshulte Chas. e Feb. 8, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Brinks Henry, e Feb. 15, '65, died Little Rock, Ark. Aug. 27, 1865. Bunte Henry, e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Bresser Jno. e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Cashman Jas. e Feb. 14, 1865, m o June 10, 1865. Dicker Henry, e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Ellerbrock Wm. e Feb. 14, 1865, m oNov. 30, 1865. Echterncamp Herman, e Feb. 14, '65, m o Nov. 30, '65, Eggert F. H. e Feb. 15, 1865, m oNov. 30, 1865. Fisher Herman, e Feb. 14s 1865, m o Nov. 30,'jl865, Fleer Peter, e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Guelker Wm. e Feb. 10, 1865, m o Nov. 3 I, 1865. Guelker Henry, e Feb. 11, 1865, m o Nov. 30. 1865. Graber Chris, e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Griggs Wm. D. e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. GeiBe Bernard, e Feb. 16, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Glass Jacob, e Feb. 17. 1865. m o Nov. 30, 1865. Huncker Louis, e Feb. 10. 1865, m o Sept. 6, 1865. Hufeudick H. H. e Feb. 11, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Holtman Jos. e JFeb. 13, 1865, m oNov. 30, 1865. Hoerner Joe. e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Huichtemann C. V. e Feb. 14, 1865, m o May 28, 1865. Huber Fritz, e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Hinbrock Chas. e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. flenbrock H. e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Hagemann Gotl. e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Isking Wm. e Feb. 10, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Kruse H. W. e Feb. 7, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Knuffmann Barnes, e Feb. 13, 1865, m o June 16, '65. Koch E. G. e Feb. 14, 1865. m o Nov. 30, 1865. Kullmann H. e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Lepper Fred, e Feb. 7, 1865, m o Sept. 1, 1865. Lepper Lorenz, e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Lampe H. e Feb, 18, 1860, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Lange H. e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Leibring Barney, e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Lock Jno. e Feb. 10, 1865, m o Nov. 80, 1865. Meier Fred, e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Meier Rudolph, e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Miller Jno. e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Nilcamp Jno. e Feb. 16, 1865, m o Nov. 30 1865 Ode John, e Feb. 14, 1865, m o May 22 1865 Renter Dave, e Feb. 14, 1865, m oNov. 30. 1865 Rosenkutter Aug. e Feb. 11, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865 Rosenkutter H. e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30 1865. Rahmann H. e Feb. 12, 1865, m o Nov 30 1865 Richter Herman, e Feb. 16, 1865, m o Nov 30 1865 Stackelback Fritz, e Feb 7, 1865 m o Nov. 30. 1865. Speckman Gotlieb, e Feb. 10, 1865, m o Nov. 30 1865 Steppen Louis, e Feb. 11, 1865, m o Nov. 80 1865 Schachtsick Wm. e Feb. 11, 1865, m o Nov'. 30 1866. Schluepmann Fred, e Feb. 11, 1865, m o Nov. 30, '65. Steskhicke Herman, e Feb. 18, '65, m o Nov 30 '65 Sohn Anton, e. Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov 30 1865 Schalmberg H. e Feb. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. Shndde H. e Feb. 15, 1865, m o May 28 1865 Steinmeier Fred e Feb. 15, 1865, m o' Nov'. 30, 1865. Schneider Jos. e Feb. 15, 1865, m o Nov 30 1865 Stronghorner Wm. e Feb. 18, 1865, m o Nov. 30 1865 Tiemann H. e Feb. 11, 1865, m o Nov. 30 1865 Talker, H.e Feb. 13, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. ' UhlenbrockH. e Feb. 18, 1865, m o Nov. 80, 1865. Vondam Wm. e Feb. 11, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865 Vondam Casper, e Feb, 15. 1865, m o Nov 30 1865 Wermker Wm. e Feb. 10, 1865, m o Nov 30 1865 Wells Wm. e Feb. 17, 1865, desrtd. Sept. 20, 1865. Wielage H . e Feb. 16, 1865, m o Nov. 30 1865 Waier H. e Oct. 14, 1865, m o Nov. 30, 1865. ' 44th Infantry. C mpany G. Drafted and Substituted Recruit. Mahoney Josiah, o Sept. 23. 1864, m o June 15, '65. Company K Recruit. Johnson Jno. corpl. died Dec. 31, 1862, of wds. 16th Infantry. Company C. Recruit. Fray J. e Jan 1, 1862, died at Vicksburg, July 5, 1862. Cjmpany F. Private. Menzie Robt. e Oct. 17 1864, trans from 11th 111 Inf m o Oct. 16, 1865. Coinp ny I. Private. Warren Jas e March 1, 1865, m o Jan 20, 1866 trans. from 11th 111. Inf. 47th Infantry. Company G. Privates. Canterbury W. o Ang. 16, 1861, disd. June 10, 1863, disab. Jenkens Ed. e Aug. 16, 1861, m o Aug. 22, 1864. Company H . Musicians. Grove Jno. e Sept. 1. 1861, m o Oct. 11, 1864. Painter Louis, e Sept. 1, 1861, m o Oct. 11, 1864. Wilmot A. e Sept. 1, 1861, trans. Co. G. Nov. 1, '61. Company I. Sergeants. C. H. Robinson, 1st, e Sept. 4, 1861. pro. 1st Lieut. J. Q. A. Arlen, e Sept. 4. 1861, disd. Oct. 12, '62, disab Jno. Anderson, e Sept. 4, 1861, ree as vet. E. M. Davidson, e Sept 4,1861, re-e as vet. 362 ADAMS COUNTY WAR RECORD. Recruit. Huxtable W. A. disd. June 2, 1862, disab. 47th Infantry (consolidated). Company B. Privates. Davis J. W. e Sept. 27, '64, draftd. disd. April 18, '65. Shnpe S. e Nov. 11, 1864, drafted, m o Nov. 20, 1865. Spurgle H. e Nov. 11, 1864, drafted, sick, absent, sup posed disd. ,r n, ,„,. Stafford Wm. e Nov. 11, '64, drafted, m o May 22, '65. Company E. Jackson Jno. H. e Feb. 25, '65, desrtd. March 17, '65. Johnson Chas. e Feb. 27, 1865, desrtd. March 2, 1865. O'Brien Dan. e Feb. 25, 1865, desrtd. March 11, 1865. Smith Pat. Feb. 27, 1865, desrtd. March 13, 1865. 48th Infantry. Company A. Private. Ingerson Aug. e Nov. 14, 1864, died Feb. 3, 1865. 49th Infantry. Company E. Recruit. Crow W. F. e Jan. 4, '64, died Quincy, Sept. 17, '64. 50th Infantry. The 50th Infantry Illinois Volunteers was organ ized at Quincy, 111., in the month of August, 1861, by Col. Moses M. Bane, and mustered Into United States service Sept. 12, 1861, by Capt. T. G. Pitcher, U. S. A. October 9th moved to Hannibal, Mo., from there to Chillicothe, and on November 27th reported to Col. R. F. Smith, commanding port at St. Joseph, Mo. Jan. 21. 1862, the regiment was ordered to Cairo, 111., and from thence to Smithland. Ky., where the regiment reported to Col. Lauman on January 28th. February 6th marched to Fort Henry. On the 12th the regiment formed a part of Col. John Cook's third brigade of the second division and moved against Fort Donelson, and took an active part in the battles of the 13th, 14th and 15th. March 25th ordered to Pittsburgh Landing, arriv ing on the 31st. Engaged in the battle of Shiloh, April 6th and 7th. Engaged at the siege of Corinth, May, 1862, pursued the enemy as far as Ruckersville, Miss., and returned to Corinth, October 12th. De cember 18th went on a scout to Lexington, Tenn., 27th moved toward Town Creek and fought the enemy under Gen. Forrest on the 28th, next day re turned to Tuscumbia. and on the 3d of May arrived at Corinth. October 11th Gen. Dodge, commanding left wing 16th army corps, ordered the brigade, Col. Bane commanding, to Lagrange, Tenn, November 6th moved to Eastport and crossed the- Tennessee river at midnight. Passed through Waterloo on the 7th, Lauderdale and Lexington on the 10th, Pulaski on the 12th and camped at Lynnville. November 17th the regiment was mounted by order of Maj. Gen. Dodge. Jan. 1, 1864, three-fourths of the men of the regiment re-enlisted and were mustered Jan uary 16th and went to Quincy, 111., on the veteran's furlough. February 28ib moved from Quincy, and March 5th arrived at Lynnville, taking part in all the battles. June 20th Col. Bane having resigned, Brig. Gen. Wm. Vandever took command of the brigade. October 4th took cars for Altoona, arriv ing at midnight. At daylight skirmishing com menced and by 10 o'clock the whole force was fiercely engaged with Hood's army. The enemy was repulsed. The regiment lost eighty-seven killed, wonnded and missing. Lieut. Col. Hanna and Asst. Surgeon A. G. Pickett 'were wounded October 13th Lieut Col. Hurlbut, commanding bri gade, and Capt. Horn, commanding regiment moved out on Cave Spring road and met the enemy six miles out with two pieces of artillery. It drove them four miles and returned to Rome, Ga. Nov 10, 1864, moved toward Atlanta, 15th left Atlanta and on the 27th entered Savannah. Jan. 27,1865 moved up the Savannah river, crossing at Sister's Ferry on February 4th. On the 20th and 21st fought the enemy at Bentonville, and on the 24th marched through Goldsboro. April 10th Col. Hanna, com manding brigade, moved to Raleigh, 16th moved to Morrisville, and on surrender of Johnson returned to Raleigh. Returned to the East, and on May 24th participated in the grand review at Washington, D. C. June 3d went to Louisville, Ky., arriving on the 8th. July 3d, in the prize drill between the 63d Illi nois, 7th Iowa Infantry, and 50th Illinois, the regi ment won the prize banner. July 13th were muB- tered out of the United States service by Capt. W. B. Guthrie, 81st Ohio Volunteers, A. C. M. Arrived at Camp Butler, 111., July 14, 1865, for final payment and discharge. Colonel. M. M. Bane, com. Aug. 21, 1861. Lieutenant Colonel. Wm. Swarthout, com. Sept. 12, 1861. Majors. Geo. W. Randall, com. Sept. 12, '61, res. April 28, '62. Samuel R. Glenn, com . April 28, '62, disd. Oct. 9, '62. Thos. W. Gaines, com. Oct. 9, 1862. Adjutants. Thos. I. Brown, com. Sept. 12, '61. res. April 28,1862. Theodore W. Letton, com. April 28, 1862. Wm. Keal. com. Sept. 12, 1861. Henry W. Kendall, com. Sept. 12. 1861. G H. Bane, 1st Asst. com. Sept.l2,'61,res.Nov.22,'6 ¦ Majors. A. M. Hughes, e Aug. 20, 1861, kld.Shiloh,Apr.6,'62. James Henry, e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e vet. Co. B, prom. Capt. U. S. C. T. Sept. 19, 1862. Chas. F. Hubert, e Jan. 1, '64, prom. Adjt.July 2, '65. Quartermaster Sergeant. S. E. Hews, e Oct. 30, '61, reduced, assigned Co. K. Commissary Sergeants. John W. Fisher, e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. for disabilitv. Geo. Walker, e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e vet. Co. C. m o July 13, 1865. Hospital Stewards. George Morris, e Aug. 30, 1861, disd. June IB, 1862. Charles C. Sprague, e Sept. 12, '61, m o Sept. 27, '64. Wm. W. Pond, e Jan. 1, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Principal Musicians. Clarence D. Paling, e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e vet. Co. H, m o July 13, 1865. David H. Warman. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e vet. Co. fl. m o July 13, 1865. Company A. Captain. Edgar Pickett, e Sept. 12, 1861, res. Feb. 5, 1862. Lieutenants. Henry P. W. Cramer, 1st Lieut, e Sept. 12, 1861, pro. Capt. Feb. 5, 1862. Sergt. Moody, e Sept. 12, '61, prom. 1st Lieut. Feb. 5, 1862. Henry C. Bissell, e Feb. 5, 1862. Benj. F. Moody, 1st sergt. e Aug. 20, 1861, m 0 Sept- 23, 1864, as private. ADAMS COUNTY WAR EECOED. 363 Jehn S. Worman, e Ang. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. pro. 2d Lieut. Henry C. Bissell, e Aug. 20, 1861, pro. to 2d Lieut. Jno. McLaughlin, e Aug. 20, 1861, died at Palmyra, Mo., Jan. 27,1862. Corporals. Robert G. Dailey, e Aug. 20, 1861, reduced to ranks, died at Quincy, 111., by poison. May 13, 1864. Wm. G. Moore, e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Sept. 27, 1864, as 1st sergt. Temple H. Davis, e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 13, 1865, as musician. Andrew Robertson, e Aug. 20, '61, died at Chillicothe, Nov. 20, 1861. Levi Wright, e Aug. 20. 1861, re-e as vet. |pro. to 1st Lieut. Musicians . Clarence D. Poling, e Aug. 20, 1861, pro. to principal musician. D. H. Worman, e Aug. 20, '61, pro. toprin. musician. Wagoner. John C. Lewis, e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e aB vet. m o July 13, as corpl. Privates. Allison Amos J. e Aug. 20, 1861, died Sept. 22, 1864. Allison Orlando M. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 13, 1865. Burke Chas. e Aug. 20, 1861, died at St. Joe, Mo., Dec. 4, 1861. Ballard Silas, e Aug. 20, 1861. Brook B. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o May 23, '65. Billings E. o Sept. 17, '61, disd. June 27, 1862, disulj. Bowman Jacob, e Aug. 20, '61, disd. Oct. 2, '62, disab. Cecil Henry C. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 13, 1865, as corpl. Cecil John W. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e as vet.Jm o;july 13, 1865, as sergt. Clark J. e Aug. 20, 1861, re- as vet. m 0 July 13, 1865, as corpl. Cecil J. H. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o J uly 13, '65, as corpl. Cheny Jasper, e Aug. 20, '61, disd. Aug. 3, '64, to en list as hospital steward in U. S. army. Congar Wilson, e Aug. 20, '61, wounded, absent at m o Regt. Cauder V. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 13. '65. Coffee L. e Aug. 20, '61, died at Quincy, Dec. 12,1861. Cheny J. e Aug. 20, '61, desrtd. Dec. 23, 1861. Clark Franklin e Oct. 14, 1861, disd. Oct. 20, 1864. Daily H. J. e Aug. 20, '61, kid. at Corinth, Oct. 3, '62. Donahan Francis, e Aug. 20, '61, died at Savannah, April 29, 1862, of wounds. Fonsell Christian, e Aug. 20, 1861, died at St. Louis, Oct. 13, 1862, of wounds. Felgar Wm. H. e Oct. 14, 1861, desrtd. Nov. 15, 1861. Grauam Wm. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. disd. by order of war dept. Gibbory Michael, e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. m o Jnly 13, 1865, as sergt. Haiston Peter J. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 15, 1865. Harding M. e Aug. 20, 1861, desrtd. Jan. 22. 1862. Hensley J. e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. May 15, '62, disab. Hughes Carter V. e Aug. 20, 1861, died at Mendon, 111., May 7. 1862. Haywarth Geo. W. e Aug. 20, 1861. Haiston L. G. e Aug. 20, '61, disd. Sept. 9, '62, disab. Haiston J. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 15, '65. Hess Sam. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 15, '65, as corpl. Hess Jno. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 15, '65. Jacks Benj. F. o Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Sept. 22, 1864. Jordan Wm. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. died at Chat tanooga in 1864. Jordan L. e Aug. 20, 61, re-e as vet. m o July 13. '65, as corpl. Jordan J. C. e Aug. 20, 1861. disd. June 18, '62, disab. Jordan Jas. M. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. mo July 13, 1865. Joy Rufus K. e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Sept. 27, 1864. Knox Chas. H. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 28, 1864. Krumry A. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. mo July 13, '65. Leach E. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 13, '65. Lumley Thos. B. e Ang. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 13,1865. Lindsey Sam. C. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Sept. 27, 1864. Leggatt Wm. e Oct. 14, 1861, disd. Oct. 22, 1854. Lunn Jas. H. e Oct. 14, 1861, re-e as vet. disd. to take Lieut, in U. 8. Cavalry troops. McGrew And. e Aug. 20, 1861, desrtd. April 3, 1862. Memor A. C . e Aug. 20, '61, disd. June 27, '62, disab. McDonald J. M. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 13, 1865. Owings E. W. e Aug. 20, 1861, died at Quincy, 111., May 13, 1862. Owen E. P. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 13, 1865, aB sergt. O'Donnelly B. e Aug. 20, 1861, died at Shiloh, April 12,1862. O Dell Wm. A. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 13, 1865, as sergt. Penick Wm. e Aug. 20, 1861. diBd. June 10, 1862. PolnlgGeo. W. e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Sept. 27, 1864. Puckett Wm. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 8, 1864. Purcell C. H. e Aug. 20, '61, died at St. Louis. May 81,1862. Roberts &eo. W. e Aug. 20, 1861, desrtd. Aug. 15, '62. Roberts P. e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. April 30, '62, disab. Randolph J. P. e Aug. 20, '61, m o July 13, 1865, re-e as vet. 1st sergt. Richardson J. e Aug. 20, 1861, kid. at Shiloh, April 6. 1862. Tout A. e Aug. 20, 1861. re-e as vet. kid. at Benton- ville, N. C. March 21, 1865. Wrenn Hugh W. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Jan. 6, 1865. WoodWm. H. e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Sept. 27, 1864. Wilcox J. e Aug. 2U, '61, died at Quincy, El., April 24, 1862. Wills Andrew, e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Aug. 5, 1862. Wills Sam'l e Aug. 20, '61, dishon. disd. by sentence. Recruits. Adair Alex, e Feb. 5, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Battell Edward 8. e Feb. 5, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Burbridge Wm. H. e Feb. 6, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Bell Jno. A. e Feb. 5, 1864, m o Julv 13, 1865. Beaver. Jno. A. e Feb. 23, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Brook Robt. fl. e Feb. 25, 1864, disd. lor disab. Crank Jno. W. e Feb. 5, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Doyle Jno. e Feb. 24, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Edwards Jesse M. e Jan. 27, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Glasby Emanual, e Feb. 3, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Haworth Geo. W. e Feb. 24, 1864, m o July 13, 1865, vet. ree. Hatten Jas. B. e Feb. 24, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Hamilton T. W. e Jan. 30, '64, m o July 13, '65. Hedges Merrett J. e Feb 3, 1864, m o July 13. 1865. Hopson Wm. W. e Feb. 24, 1865, m o July 13, 1865. Harris Jonathan B.e Nov. 5, 1863, kid. Allatoona, Ga., Oct. 5, 1864. Hawarth J. e Feb. 24, '64, died at Lynnville, Tenn.,'64. Johnaon Geo. D. e Feb. 27, 1864, m o Juiy 13, 1865. Kendall Ezkiel, e Nov. 9, 1863, m o July 13, 1865. Lichbee Chas. e Feb. 23, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Lichbee Alb. or Robt. e Feb. 23, '64, m o July 13, '65. Leach Austin, e Feb. 24, '64, died at Cnattanooga, '64. Menton John H. H. e Jan. 28, 1864, m o July 13, '65. McCielland John, e Jan. 28. 1864, m o June 22, 1865. Muegrave Thos. e Jan. 29, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Poling George, e Aug. 18, 1861. Parker Louis A. e Feb. 2, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Pickett Granville D. eJJune 18, 1863, m o July 13, '65. Simmons Wm. C. e Nov. 2. 1861, died at St. Joe, Mo., Jan 5,1862. Shaul Gideon W. e Feb. 5, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Tout Wm. S. e Feb. 9, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. ToutThos.e Feb.5, '64, kid .Allatoona, Ga., Oct. 5, '64. Tuxford Geo. e Feb. 24, '64, died at Allatoona, Ga., Oct. 5, 1864. Van Dyke Jno. e Feb. 11, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Weam Hugh W. e Aug. 18, 1861. White Jas. R. P. e Feb. 24, 1864, m o July 13, '65. Wills Andrew J. e Feb. 5, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Wright Smith, e Feb. 24, 1864, kid. Allatoona, Ga., Oct. 5, 1864. Company B . Captain. Jno. W. Smith, e Sept. 12, 1861, res. June 1, 1862. Lieutenants . 'Henry E. Horn, lBt, e Sept. 1, '61, pro. capt. June 1,1862. 364 ADAMS COUNTY WAE RECOED. Wm H. Hulbison, e Sept. 12, 1861, pro. 1st Lieut. June 1, 1862. Jas. W. Anderson, e June 1, 1862. Jas. W. Anderson, 1st, e Aug. 20, '61, pro. 2d Lieut. Jas. F. Wells, e Aug. 20, '61, disd. June 22, '62, disab. John Dunlap,e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. pro. 1st Lieut. ErastuB P. Julian, e Aug. 20, '61, disd. May 24, '62, disab. „ . ,, . James Henry, e Aug. 20, 1861, pro. Sergt. Ma]. Corporals . George D. Melby. e Aug. 20, 1861, died at Clayton, 111 . , June 5, 1862. John D Buddell, e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. pro. 1st Lieut. I Alexander J. Scott, e Aug. 20, '61, kid. at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Edmond O. Yeldell, e Ang. 20, 1861, re-e as vet., m o July 13, 1865, sergt. Leopold Purpus, e Aug. 20, 1861, died at Corinth, May 31, 1862. Wm. H. B. Hlnson, e Aug. 22, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 13, 1865, 1st sergt. Wm. T.Boyles, e Aug, 20, '61, disd. July 22, '62, disab' Jacob F. Carter, e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Sept. 6, 1862- wounds. Musicians. George Thomas, eAug. 20, '61, trans. 56, 111. Inf. '62. Elias Orton, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 27, 1864. Wagoner. Archibald S. eAug. 20, '61, disd. May 24, '62, disab. Privates . Anderson Cornelius S. e Aug. 20, '61, Sept.|27, 1864. Bagley Silas H. e Aug. 20, 1861. Bowermaster Jno. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet.m o July , 13, 1865. Bothram, Jas. W. e Aug. 20, '61, disd. Aug. 26, '62, disab. Burke J. C. eAug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o Julyl3, '65. Billings Wm. H. e Ang. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 13. 1865. Uassell G. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 13, '65. Cassell A. e Aug. 20, 61, re-e as vet. m o July 13, '65, corpl. Clark Jno. L. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 13, '65, on furlough. Cannon M. W. e Aug. 20, '65, re-e as vet. m o July 13, 1865. Cain Jos. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 13, '65. Dunlap T. H. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 13, 1865, as corpl. Davis H. e Aug. 20, 1861, died at Hamburg. Tenn. Davie Abraham, e Ang. 20, '61, m o Sept. 27, 1864. Dean Wm. e Aug. 20/61, disd. June 13, '65, disab. Durbin Jas. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65, Davie W. J. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65. Drew W. C. e Aug. 20, '61, disd. Aug. 25, '62, disab. Ewing Rob. M. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, 1865, corpl. Fry Isaacs. e Aug. 20, '61, died Feb. 18, '62, wounds. Fowler J . H . e Aug . 20, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65, furlough. Gill Fred, e Aug. 20. '61, re-e vet. m o Julv 13, 1865. Gloss J. D. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65. Goddis Norman W. e Aug. 20, 1861, died at Corinth, July 25, 1862. Hicks L. J. e Aug. 20, '61, m o July 13, '65, corpl. HnddlestonW.eAug.20, '61, disd. June 16, '63, disab. Huddleson Peter, e Aug. 20, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 13, 1865. Julian R. B. e Aug. 20,'61, died Corinth, Dec. 10, '62. Johnson David M. e Aug. 2g, 1861, m o Sept. 27, 1864. Kemp J. e Aug. 20, '61, died Clayton, 111. Mayl8,'62. Kemp D. e Aug. 20,'61, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65, corpl. Ketsly L. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, 1865. Kindhart Conrad, e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Jan. 4, 1864, re-e 1st Mo. Art. Laughlin D. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65. Lathrop Preston, e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 13, 1865, as sergt. McMurray Thos. C. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 27, '64. Martin Wm. e. Aug. 20, 1861. Orton W. e Aug.20,'61, re-e vet. m o July 13 ',65,sergt. Remley Wm. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 37, 1864. Smith L. D. e Ang. 20, 1861, died McKee, 111. 1864. Smith Isaac N. H. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e aB vet. m o July 13, 1865, as corpl. Smith J. M. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65. Thompson D. H. L. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. ab sent sick at m o Regt. Tingey Wm. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 27, 1864. Walker Virgil A. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o July 13, 1865. Walker M. D. e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. July 8, '62, disab. Waedwell John E . e Ang. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 13, 1865, as corpl. Yeedeli John H . e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. May 4, 1862. Bagley Alex. M. E. e Nov.. 16, 1861, m o Dec. 6, 1864. Balfour Wm. H. H. e Feb. 8, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Bennett Wm. J. e Feb. 5, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Burke Andrew B. e Feb. 28, 1865, m o July 13. 1865. Bennett Sam. H. e Oct. 1, 1863, m o July 13, 1865. Cheney J. e Nov. 1,'61, died Quincy, 111. Dec. 16, '61. Crum A. e Nov. 16, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 13, i'65. Casse Anderson M. e Feb. 5, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Curry Simpson O. e March 1, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Darsett David W. e July 31, 1862, diBd. May 26. 1865. Degrout John B. e Feb. 24, 1864, m o July 2, 1865. Dood ChaB. B. e March 7, 1865, m o July 13, 1865. Dood John H. e Jan. 1, 1863, m o July 13, 1865. Gunnings Chas. e Nov. 27, 1861, died Pittsburg, Tenn. May 1, 1862. Goge Hiram, e Aug. 20, 1861. Gilbreth Cicero, e July 30, 1862. Hanna John D. e July 30, 1862. Harbe Jas. S. e Aug. 10, 1862, died at Corinth, Miss. Hackiday Sam. E. e Aug. 30, 1862. Hackney J. M. e Feb. 24, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Hamilton Wm. e Oct. 24, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Hughes Wm. J. e Feb. 28, 1865, m o June 19, 1865. Knight Wm. e Nov. 27, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65. Nooks A. B. e Feb. 24, 1864, m o July 15, 1865. prisr. Norton Wm. H. e Feb. 5, 1864, m o July 13. 1865. Orton Clark, e March 7, 1865, m o July 13, 1865. Prutzmann J. B. e Feb. 5, '64, disd. May 17, '65,wds. Rice Jacob H. e Jan. 20, '62, m o expiration of term. Robbins Jas. L. e July 30, 1862, died JefferBOn Bar- Robbins Abraham, e July 30, 1862, disd. May. 25, '65. Reaugh John T. e Feb. 5, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Robbins John B. e Feb. 24, '64, died Ga. Nov. 24,'64. Scott Francis, e July 30, 1862, disd. May 26, 1865. Sweed Edward, e Feb. 12, 1864, m o Jan. 24, '65, prisr. Walker Marcus D. e Feb. 24, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Yeedeli Robt. C. e Feb. 24, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Company C. Captain. Wm. H. Gooding, com. Sept. 11, '61, res. July 10, '62. . Lieutenants . Theodore N. Litton, 1st, com.' Sept. 12,'61, pro. Adjt. George R. Naylor, 1st, com. July 10, 1862. Horace N. Burnham, 2d, com. Sept. 12, 1861, pro. Capt. July 10, 1862. Sam. W. Starrett, 2d, com. July 10, 1862. Geo. E. Naylor, 1st, e. Aug. 20, 1861, pro. 1st Lieut. Samuel W. Starrett, e Aug. 20, 1861, pro. 2d Lieut. Chas. M. Farr, e Aug. 20, 1861, pro. 2d Lieut. Geo. Berfield, e Aug. 20,'61, disd. Sept. 12,'62. disab. George B. S. Johnson, e Aug. 20, 1861, died. April 5, 1862, disab. Corporals. W. H. Roberts, e Aug. 20, '61, disd. April 5.'62, disab. L. Scarborough, e Aug.20,'61, disd. Sept.22,'64, sergt. J. H. Stanneld, e Aug. 20,'61, kid. Shiloh, April 6,'62. H. W. Stewart, e Aug. 20, '61, disd. Oct. 22,'61, disab. Robert H. Price, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 27, 1864. Edwin Tyler, e Aug. 28, '61, m o Sept. 37, '64, sergt. Frank West, e Aug. 24, 1861. Edwin A. Hurd, e Sept. 14, 1861, died at Quincy, 111, June 20, 1862. Chas. W. Fee, e Aug. 20, 1861, trans. Regt. band, Nov. 1, 1861. Fred. Sherwood, e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. ADAMS COUNTY WAE EEOOED. 365 Privates. Adams Wm. W. e Ang. 20, 1861, disd. June 16, 1862, disab. Burnbam Wm. W. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 13, 1865, trans, as Lieut, of U. S. C. T. Btrdsell Guy W. E. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 27, '64. Bartells Geo. C. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 27, 1864. Brougham, H. e Aug. 21, '61, disd. Oct. 25, '62, disab. Beard Chas. e Aug. 20, '61, kid. Shiloh, April 6, '62. Byron W.S. e Aug.27, '61, trans, regt. band Nov 1, '61. Brown Thos. J. e Aug. 20, 1861, pro. Ajdt, on organ ization of regt. Carter Wm. e Aug. 20, 1861,re-e vet. m o July 13, '65. Carter Geo. e Aug. 20, 1861,g-e-e vet. m o July 13, '65. Carrigan Beese, e Aug. 20, re-e vet. disd. Feb. 27, 1865, disab. Cleveland Ezra, e Aug. 20. '61, disd.Oct. 25, '62, wde. Carter Eli D. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 27. 1864. Delapp Russell, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 27, 1864. Deer I. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65. Fisher Jno. w. e Aug 20, 1861, prom. com. Sergt. Frame Enos W. e Aug. 20, 1861, diBd. June 16, 1862, disab. Gunn Reuben, e Aug.20, '61, m o Sept. 27, '64, sergt. Gabriel Francis M. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, 1865, corpl. Gayhart Leo, e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 27, 1864. Hughes Horatio J. e Ang. 20, '61, m o Sept. 27, '64. Hinckley Thad. W. e Aug. 30, 1861, re-e vet. disd. and prom. U.S. C. T. Hartshorn Oscar O. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e vet. m o July 13,1865. Hughes Adam M. e Aug. 20, 1861, prom, sergt Maj. Jan. 1, 1862. Jonas Ewd. e Aug. 20, '61, pro. 2d Lieut. Co. K. Genner Jno. e Ang. 20, '61, re-e vet. died Oct. 5, 1864, wounds. Kelley Jas. e Aug. 20. '61, re-e vet. m o Jnly 13, '65. Knight Geo. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 27, 1864. Kiser Martin, e Aug. 20, '61. re-e vet. m o July 13, '65. Lester Geo. W. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 27, 1864. Lewis Slater, e Aug. 30. '61, re-e vet. mo July 13, '65, Bergt. Leach Matthew, e Sept. 9. 1861, re-e vet. m o July 13, 1861, absent sick. Manual Jno.L. e Sept.9, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13,' 61. Mannifee Wm. A. e Aug. 20, '61, disd. June 18, '62, disab. ' Horton Henry, e Sept. 2, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65. McCarthy F. e Oct. 18, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65. Nichols Jno. F. e Aug.20, '61, disd. June 18, '62, disab. Nichols Hoses', e Sept. 12, '61, died Quincy.Ill. Nov. 9, 1862. Nicholson Smith, e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e vet. m o July 13, 1865, Corp. Older Geo. W. e Aug. 20, '61. trans. Co. F. 1862. Pool ErastuB P. e Aug. 20, 1862, m o Sept. 27, 1864. Roe Edwd. D. e Aug. 20, 1861, m o Sept. 27, 1864. Reed Wm. G. e Sept« 9, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65, „ serSt- Smith Jos. C. e Aug. 20, '61, re-e vet. mo July 13, '65. Starrett Jas. P. e Aug. 20. '65, disd. May 5, '62, disab. Spizer Jas. e. Aug.20, 1861, re-e vet. kid. Allatoona, Ga. Oct. 5, 1864. Smith Enoch, e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e vet."disd. July 13, 1865, on furlough. Short Alex. J. e Aug.20, '61, disd. May 18, '62, disab. Sheller Geo. e Aug. 20, 1861, disd. July 11, 1862. Sieter Jacob, e Aug. 20, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65, sergt. Walker Geo. e Aug. 20, '61, pro. com. sergt. Woodcock Jas. H. e Aug. 20, 1861, re-e vet. m o July 13, 1865, on furlough. Winchester Jas. e Aug.20, '61,re-e vet.m o July 13, '65. Toung Arris, e Aug. 24, '61, disd. Aug. 6, '62, disab. Recruits. Budsall Chas. T. e Jan. 29, '64, m o July 13, '65, fur. Browning Jer. e Oct. 2, '63, m o July 13, 1865. Bucklin, Geo. A. e March 1, '65, m o July 13, 1865. Burnham Hiram e Feb. 25, 1864, disd. to accept Lieut. in 44 U. S. C. T. Chapman Jno. D. e Jan. 28, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Collins Souther, e Feb. 25, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Covert Robt. W. e Jan. 2, 1865, m o July 13, 1865. Ellsworth Elijah, e Nov. 1, 1861, m o Nov. 1, 1864. Emery Perry, e Jan. 1, 1862, desrtd. Jan. 25, 1862. Ellsworth Paschall J. e Jan. 23, 1862. Eaton Edwd. T. e March 3, 1865, m o July 13, 1865. Hewes Sam. E. e Oct. 80, '61, pro. Q. M. sergt. Hickerson Absalom, e Jan. 23, 1862. Hartshorn Wm. e Feb. 9, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Hinckley Theo. e Feb. 8, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Hadley Gideon, e Jan. 27, 1864, died wds. Oct. 5, '64. Lile Jos.W.e Dec. 21. '61, died Louisville, Apr. 6, '62. Lewis Ansel E. e Feb. 27, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Little John, m o July 13, 1865. Looney Wm. e April 18, 1864, desrtd. April 29, 1864. Mitze Harvey J.e Dec.16, '61, re-e vet. m o July 13, '65. Martin Raymond, e Jan. 23, 1862, mo May 30,1865. Moore Enoch O. e March 3, 1865, m o July 18, 1865. Proctor Terril B. e Jan. 28, 1864, kid. Allatoona, Ga. Oct. 5, 1864. Riley Edwd. e Oct. 18, '61, trans from Co. F. re-e vet. Rollins Enoch, e Jan. 23, '62, disd June 17, '62. Roe Martin Luther, e Feb. 2, 1864, disd. Aug. 8, '64. Roe Louis F. e Feb. 10, 1864, mo Jnly 13, 1865, corpl. Robbins David P. e Jan. 28, '64 kld.AUatoona,Ga.Oct. 5, 1864. Sprigg Chas. C. e Sept 12, '61, pro. hospital steward. Sbaffer.Carlton, e Dec. 7, '61, disd. June 9, '62, disab. Smith Robt. e Jan. 20, 1862, died Chillicothe, Mo. March 2, 1862. Seiter Michael, e Oct. 11, 1862, m o May 20, 1865. Short Alex. J. e Feb. 26, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Smith Jno. Palmer, eFeb. 4. 1864, m o Jnly 13, 1865. Starrett, Jas. P. e Feb. 26, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Stewart, France M. Feb. 26, m o July 13. 1865. Sprague Warren B. e Feb. 9, 1865, m o July 13, 1865. Scarborough S. R. e March 1, '65, m o July 13, '65. Taylor Jno. A. e Feb. 25, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Taylor Wm. F. e Oct. 27, '61, kid. Shiloh Apr. 6, '62. Vorth Geo. F. e Jan. 6, 1865, m o July 13, 1865. Wells Wm. A. e Feb. 3, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Wells Wm. e Feb. 2, 1864, died. Whitcomb Joel, e Jan. 19, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Wimmer Jefferson, e Feb. 4, 1864, m o July 13, 1865. Ward Francis C. e Oct. 1, 1863, m o July 13, 1865. Company D. Captain. Thos. W. Gaines, com. Sept. 12, 1861, prom. Maj. First Lieutenants. Henry Cussick, com. Sept. 12, 1861, res. April 1, '62. Wm. K. Hazelwood, com. April 1, 1862, prom. Capt. Oct. 9, 1862, res. Nov. 14, 1862. Jno. W. Rickart, com. Oct. 9, 1862. Second Lieutenants. Wm. K. Hazelwood, com. Sept. 12, 1871, prom. Jesse C. Rodgers, com. Apr. 1, 1862, res. Oct. 22, '62. Chas. H. Floyd, com. Oct. 22, 1862. Sergeants. Jesse C. Rogers, 1st, e Aug. 19, '61, prom. 2d Lieut. David Whitcomb, e Aug. 19, 1861, reduced, trans. Co. K, 1862. Jas S. Grayer, e Aug. 19, '61, re e vet. com. 2d Lieut. Levi Shinn, e Aug. 19, 1861, re-e. vet. m o July 13, 1865, 1st sergt. Jas. Corbin, e Aug. 19, 1861, trans. Co. K. 1862. Corporals. Chas. H. Floyd, e Aug. 19, 1861, prom. 2d Lieut. Augustus Traver, e Aug. 19, 1861, re-e vet. m o July 13, 1865. Jos W. Evans, e Aug. 19, 1861, disd. Dec. 1 , 1862. Wm. A. Pond, e Aug. 19, 1861, re-e vet. prom. Hos pital Steward. John W. Rickart, e Aug 19, 1861, prom. 1st Lieut. Wm. F. Bacon, e Aug. 19, 1861, disd. June 20, 1862. L. Mason Hibbard, e Aug. 19, 1861. A. C. Cooper, e Aug. 19, '61,re-e vet. m o July 13, 65. Musicians. Barton Ruby, e Aug. 19, 1861, m o Sept. 27, 1864. Geo. W. FahB, e Aug. 19,'61, re-e vet.m o July 13, '6b. Wagoner. Jas. M. Collins, e Ang. 19, 1861, re-e vet. m o July 13, 1865, corpl. Privates. Alexander Hansom, . Privates. ' Allison David, e Aug. 11, 1862, died at Atlanta, Ga. Sept. 8, 1864. Cubbage Jno. H. e July 26, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Craig David B. e August 1, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Cecil Wm. e Aug. 1, 1863, m o June 7, 1865. Cubbage Wilford, e Aug. 1, 1862, pro. 1st. Lieut. Craig Jas. e Aug. 1. 1862, m o June 7, 1865.' Crotts Geo. W. e Aug. 4, 1862, kid. at Jonesboro, Ga. Sept. 1864. , Cunningham Thos. e Julv 26, 1862, kid. at Benton ville. N. C. March 19, 1865. Crum Theo. P. e July 26, 1862, trans. I. C. 1861. Drum Jas. P. e Aug. 14, 1862, sergt. died April. 12,"63. Fry Jas. M. e Aug. 14, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Lempen Ed. F. e Aug. 14. 1862. m o June 7, 1865. Laney Peter, e Aug. 14, 1862, de»rtd. Feb. 1, 1863. Laney Chas. e Aug. 14, 1862, rtesrtri. Feb. 1, 1863. Lairley Jacob, e Aug. 14, 1862. died Oct. 2, '62, wds. Manlove Wm. e July 19, 1862, kid. at Kenesaw Mt. June 27, 1864. Manlove w. w. e Aug. 1 1862, m o M'v 18, 1865. Ormsbee E. e Aug. 14, 1862, m o June 7. 1863. Stuart A. H. e Aug. 14, 1862, desrtd. Nov. 1. 1862. Thompson Wm. H. e Aug. 14, 1862, disd. March 11, 1865, wds. Recruits. Crum Sam. e July 26, 1862, m o March 11, 1865. Cecil T. J. e Feb. 15, 1364, trans. Co. B. 34th 111. Inf. Pry J. J. e Aug. 26, 1862, m o July 5, 1865. Stump Ed. T. e Feb. 15, 1864. Thompson Jno. M. e Feb. 15, 1864. Company E. Captain. George Pollock, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Lieutenants. Henry Mathew, 1st, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Jno. J. Mercer, 2d, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Privates. Allen David, e Ang, 9, 1862, died. Sept. 14, 1863. Akers Chas. F. e Aug. 9, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Askew Wm. P. e Aug. 9, 1862, m o June 9, 1865. Askew Geo W. e Aug. 9, 1862, died Nashville, Tenn June 3, 1863. Allen Wilson, e Aug. 11, 1862, disd. June 8, 1863, Bartlett Jas. e Aug. 7, 1862, m o June 7, 1-865, sergt. Benfield Sam. e Aug. 7, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Bliven W . H. e Aug. 11, 1862, kid. at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Buffington Peter B. e Aug. 9, 1862, disd. Jnne 13, '63. Barnard F. M. eAug. 11, 1863, m o June 7, '65, corpl. Beard David, e Aug. 11, 1862. m o June 7, 1865. Bergett A. G. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, '65, corpl. Birdsall Isaac e Aug. 21, 1862, trans, to Eng Corp. Julv 29, 1864. Covert Wm. e Aug. 8, 1863, disd. May 7, 1863. Chandler Jno. W. e Aug. 8, 1862, m o Jnne 7, 1865. Cambbell Geo. W. e Aug. 9, '62, corpl. Chickamauga, Sept. 1863. Casterline Jno. F. e Aug. 9, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Casterline G. W. e Aug. 9, '62, trans. I. C. Feb. 15, '64. Cumingham Jesse, e Aug. 9, 1862, died Chattanooga, Nov. 30, 1864. Corbin Parker e Aug. 9, 1862, disd. Ocr. 29. 1863. Craig Milton, e Aug. 11. 1862, m o Jan. 7, 1865. Chandler Wm. R. eAug. 11, 1862, trans, to I. C.April 10, 1864. Cole C. W. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865, corpl. Deal Henry, e Aug. 8. 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Deiser S. e Aug. 9, 1862, died Franklin, Tenn. May 17, 1863. Deiser Alex, e Aug. 9, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Dughlor Sam. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o July 14, 1865. Fry Levi, e Aug. 7, 1862, died at Nashville, Tenn. March 33, 1863. Flora Jno. e Aug. 7, 1863, disd. Sept. 14, 1863, Fulmer Bernard, e Aug. 8, 1863, m o June 7, 1865. Fulmer Valentine, e Aug. 8, 1863, kid. Chickamauga, Sept. 23, 1863. Fordyce Thos. W. e Aug. 9, 1862, disd. May 27, 1864. Frizi"ll Asar'as, c Aug. 9, 1862, died Louisville, Ky. March 4, 1863. Fry T. K. e Aug. 11, 1862, disd. March 14, 1863. Fessenden Cnas. B. e Aug. 11. 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Grubb B. e Aug. 7, '62. died Chattanooga, July 1, '64. Gott Thos. e Aug. 7, 1862. m o June 7, 1865. Gates Wm. H. eAug. 7, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Gardner Rob', e Aug. 7, 1862, died at Louisville, Ky. April 22, 1863. GaJlanerRussel, e Aug. 8, 1862, m o Jnne 7, 1865. Grubb P. D. e Aug. 21, '62, m o June 7, '65, prisr. Grammar Seth W. eAug, 9, 1862, pro. com. sergt. Hendricks Israel, e Aug. 7, 1862, kid. Chichamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Hofmiaster Peter, e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Hendricks David C. e Aug. 11, '62, disd. July 26, '63. Hastings Jo±in,e Aug. 21, 1862, kid. at Chickamauga, Sept. 30, 1863. Harelsen S. e Ang. 31, 1862, kid. at Bentonville, N. C. March 19. 1865. Hoffman Ju.ius, e Aug. 7, 1862. m o June 23, 1865. Hendricks Jno. W. e. Aug. 9, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Heraldson Jacob V. e Aug. 5, 1863, m o June 7, '65. Hill Philip, e Aug. 9. '63, desrtd. Oct. 4, 1862. Hedrick Geo. W. e Aug. 21, 1862, died at Franklin, Tenr,., April 7, 1863. Hendrick Wm. F.'e Aug. 21, '62, m o June 7, 1865. Huff Aaron, e Aug. 9. 1862. m o June 7, 1865. Keely Jno. S. e Aug. 9, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Kuntz Chas. eAug. 11. '62, missing at Chickamauga. Kuntz Jno. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7. 1865. Kuntz Henry, e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Lansing Wm. e Aug. 9, '62, m o Jnne 7, ,65, 1st sergt Mathews Jos. e Aug. 9, 1862, died at Chattanooga, Oct. 17, 1863. 372 ADAMS COUNTY WAR RECORD. McRae Jas. e Aug.ll, '62, died at Liberty, 111., April 27, 1864, sergt. Mercer Phil. H. e Aug. 11, 1862, pro. 2d Lieut. McRae Wm. F. e Aug. 11, '62, absent, sick at m o. McLane Sam. e Aug. 8, '62, m o June 7, 1865. Naylor Sam. e Aug. 7, '62, disd. May 2, 1865. Nations Jno. e Aug. 7, 1862, kid at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Nations Jno. B. e Aug 7, 1862, disd. March 28, 1864. Pate Noah, e Aug. 8, 1862. disd. Feb. 3, 1864. Pottoif Jno. A. e Aug. 9, '63, m o June 7, '65, corpl. Pierce Wm. e Aug. 11, '62, 1st seigt. kid. at Kenesaw Mt., June 27,1864. Pritchard Wm. H. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Pettit Jas. H. e Aug- 8, T62, m o June 7, 1865, corpl. Ross A. R. e Aug. 11, '62, sergt. absent, sick at m o. Robertson N. e Aug. 11, '62, disd, June 16, '64, sergt. Slack Ben. F. e Aug. 7, '62, m o June 7, 1865. 8teele'Jno. H. e Aug. 9, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Shehawny Louis C. e Aug. 8, '62, sergt. died at Sav annah, June 17, 1865. Stauffer Jacob, e Aug. 9, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Starks Andrew, e Aug. 9, '62, absent, sick at m o. Simpson Robt. B. e Aug. 11, '62, m o June 7, '65. Smith Feilding R. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, '65. Slipper Jas. T. e Aug. 21, '62, trans. Eng. corp. July 29, 1864. Starnes J. e Aug. 21. '62, kid. at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Thomas Wm. e Ang. 7. 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Thomlin Wm. e Aug. 8, '62. m o June 22, '65, sergt. Vancib Tichnor, e Ang. 7, '62, m o June 7, '65, corpl. Wyatt T. e Ang. 11, '63, trans. V. R. C. June 15. '65. Whittaker Nich. e Aug. 9, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Williams Ed. e Aug. 11, '62, m o June 7, '65, corpl. Winner Jos. N. e Aug. 11, 1863, m o June 7, 1865. Winner Ephraim, e Aug. 11, 1863, m o June 7, 1865. Youngbein Julius, e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 22, 1865. Recruits . Blake C. H. e Aug. 9, '62, kid at Kenesaw Mt., June 27, 1864. Gay Jas.H.e Aug.10, 1862, kid at Bentonville, March 19, 1865. Glenn Wm. e Aug. 9, '62, sergt. died a Chattanooga, Oct. 16, 1863. Gallaher Jas. e Aug. 9, '62, absent, sick m o. Gallaher Sam. e Aug. 9, 1862, disd. May 17, 1863. Scott G. e Aug. 10, '62, died at Nashville, June 14, '63. Company F. Captain. Henry E. Hawkins, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Lieutenants. Clinton B. Cannon, 1st, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Selden G. Earel, com. Sept. 1, 1862, res. Dec. 4, 1862. Privates. Akers Jno. W. e July 38, 1863, m o June 7, 1865. a rterburn Brannen. eAug. 12, '62, m o June 7, 1865. Akers Chas. W. e July 31, 1862, died at Richmond, Feb. 17, 1864, prier. Akers Clarkson, e Aug. 9, 1862. corpl. died at Ander sonville, Aug. 16, 1864, No. of grave 5876. Akers Stephens, e Aug. 11, '62, claimed Sept. 9, 1863, by 3d m o cav. as deserter. Asker Hardin, e Aug. 11, '62, m o June 1"/, '65, prisr. Bird G. N. e Aug. 11, '62. trans. Eng.corp. July 29, '64. Burry Thos. e Aug. 11, '62, m o June 7, 1865. Buckner Jno. W. e Aug. 13, '62, desrtd. Ang. 1862. BurnB Wm. e Aug. 29, '62, desrtd. Feb. 1, 1863. Beaird Wm. J. e Aug. 2, '62, died at Nashville, May 20, 1863. Butz L. e Aug. 11, '62, died at Nashville, Feb. 22. '63. Beal Jno. e Aug. 11. '62, died at Andersonville, June 13, 1864, prisr., No. of grave 1870. Camery Peter, e Aug. 11, IKlia, trans, to Co. G. Chandler Theo. e Aug. 11, 'IK, m o July 14. '65, wd. Chandler Chas. e Aug. 13. 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Cummings Chas. e Aug. 11, 1862, died at Richmond, Feb. 16. 1864, prisr. Cummings Jas. W. e Aug. 11, '62, disd. April 21, '63, diBab. Coovert David, e Aug. 11, '62, died at Andersonville, July 5, 1864, No. of grave 2933. Carson A. e Ang. 38, '62, disd. Aug. 27, '63, disab. Carson Jas. e Aug. 13, 1862, desrtd. May 1, 1863. Demoss Benj. F. e Ang. 9, 62, died at Andersonville, Aug. 29, 1864, No. of grave 7150. Davis Jas. S. e July 26, 1862, corpl. died at Atlanta, Sept. 7, 1864. Ebhen Hy. or Hen. e Aug. 3, '62, desrtd. Feb. 14, '63. Eyman Geo. e Aug. 11, '62, died Franklin, Tenn. May 17, 1863. Felt P. F. e July 31, '62,disd. March 22, '63,corp. disab. French Jas. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Frost Jno. e Aug. 11, 1863, m o June 7, 1865, priBr. Glenn Wm. e Aug. 10, 1863, trans. Co. E. Gardon Scott, e Aug 10, 1863. trans. Co. E. Guyman Jno. A. e Aug. 15, 1862, died Andersonville, . Sept. 15, 1864, No. grave 11,449. Gilkey Edwin, e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Gay Jas. e Aug. 10, 1862, trans. Co. B. Gallaher JaB. e Aug. 9, 1862, trans. Co. E. Gallaher Sam. e Aug. 9, 1862, trans. Co. E. Hendricks Jas. e Aug. 15, '62, diBd. Apr. 21, '63, disab. • Hogan Jno. e Aug. 9, '62, died Savannah, Ga. Oct. 1, 1864, prisr. Henderson Benj. C. e Aug. 11, 1862, corp. deserted Jan. 22, 1864. Henderson Wm. e Aug. 13, 1862, m o June 7, 1865, 1st sergt. priBr. Howell Jas. W. e Aug. 12, 1862. died AnderBonville, July 12. 1864, No. grave 3,211. Howell Anthony W. e Aug. 12, '62, m o June 7, 1865, sergt. prisr. Hayes Jno.A. e Aug.15, '62,disd.March 11* '63, diBab. He Geo. W. e Aug. 11, 1862, trans. Co. G. Irwin Leander, e Jnly 26, 1862. pro. 2d Lieut. Jacobs Sam. e July 26, 1862, m o June 7, '65, prisr. Jamison Thos. e July 3, 1863. trans. V. R. C. Apr. '65. Jones Ellis D. Aug. 12, '62, disd. Feb. 26, '63. disab. Johnson Milton, e Aug. 2, 1862, m o June 7, 1865, corpl. prisr. King David G. e Aug. 9, 1862, trans. Co. G. Kitchen Jno. e July 31, '62, disd. Feb. 9, 1864, disab. Kishner Jno. e Aug. 12, 1862, deserted Oct. 1, 1862. Kinsald Pat. e Aug. 9, 1862, disd. July 6, '64, disab. Kelly Jno. S. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o July 26, '65, prisr. Liefter Emerson, e Aug. 3, 1862, trans. Co. G. Long Wm. c Aug. 11, 1862, trans. Co. G. Lawier Thos. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o June 1, '65, prisr. Lonker Geo. e Aug. 9, 1862. trans. Co. G. Miller Jas. S. e Aug. 14, 1862, trans. Co. G. Mannard Wm. G. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o July 14, 1865, corp. priFr. McCaffrey Ed. B. e Aug. 11. 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Moor Wm. e Aug 11, 1862, desertd. Feb. 1, 1863. Moor Jas. P. e Aug. 2, '62, disd. Apr. 18. '64. disab. Morse Sam. S. e Aug. 2, 1862, trans. Bng. Corp. July 26, 1864. Myers Wm. e Aug. 2, 1862, absent sick at m o. McNeal Jno. A. e Aug. 11, '62, m o June 7, '65. prisr. McLaughlin E. e Ang.13, 1862, m o June 7, 1865,corp prisr. Moore Jas. T. e Aug. 13, 1862, died at Chattanooga, April 7, 1863. O'Dear Thos. e Ang. 15, 1862, died Andersonville, June 14, 1864, No. grave 1931. O'Dear Jno. e Aug. 15, 1863, m o June 7, '65, prisr. Plowman Chas. e. Aug. 6. '62, m o June, 7, '65, prisr. Reed Sam. e Aug. 11, 1862. Richardson Jno.A. e Aug. 11, '62, desertd Jan 2. '63. Robinson J. e Aug. 5, '62, m o June 7,'65. corp. prisr. Smith Wm. L. e Aug. 6. 1862, m o. June 7, 1865. Smith Geo. e Aug. 3, 1862, m o June 7. 1865. Sammons Henry, eAug. 11,1862, died Florence, S. C. Oct. 18, 1861, prier. Sweet Wm. e Aug. 11. 1862. disd. Mav 29, '63, disab. Smith Andrew, e Aug.ll, '63, sergt. absent sick in o. SkirvinWm.e Aug.12, '62, trans.Eng.Corps Jnl.29,'64. Tatman Ezra, e Aug. 11, 1862, died Franklin, Tenn. May 25, 1S63. Taylor Jas. e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Rkhmond,Va. Jan. 9, 1864, priBr. Trout David, e Aug. 15, 1862. died Florence, S. C. Oct. 28, 1864, prisr. Thomas Jas.H.e Aug.10, '6S, disd. Aug. 27, '63, disab. Trout Sam. J . e July 28, '63, m o Jan. 17, '65, prisr. Viars Tbos. J. e Aug 13, 1863, desertd Jan. 26, 1863. White Hugh L. e Aug. 11, 1863, died Rossville, Ga. March 7, 1864. White Thos C. e Aug. 11, 1862, disd. March 23. 1863. WilliamE Steph. A. Aug. 11. '62, desertd. Jan. 26, '63. WilburnRobt. e Aug.' 9, 1862, kid. Jonesboro, Ga. Sept. 1,1864. ADAMS COUNTY WAR RECORD. 373 Recruits. Barnett Henry T. e,Aug.8, '63, trans. Co.G. 34 111. inf. Brewer Henry, e Aug. 22, 1863, died Andersonville, Aug. 22, 1864, No. of grave 6,421. Campbell Jno. e Aug. 22, 1862, absent sick at m o. Felsman Henry, e Aug.20, '62, m o June 17. '65, prisr. Garrig Jno. e Ang.23, '62, died Andersonville Aug.'64. Malone Francis, e Aug. 15, '62, deserted May 24, '64. Pierce Cornelns, e Aug. 20, 1862, died Nashville, Aug. 10, 1863. Viars Chas. e Aug. 11 ,62, died Nashville, July 11, '63. Undercooks. Gordon Green, e July 20. '63, desertd. Dec. 17. '64. Philip Berry, e Aug. 10, '63, trans. Co. G. 34 111. inf. Company G. Captain. Jacob F. Joseph, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Lieutenants. Thos. L. Howden, 1st, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Pleasant N. Herndon, 2d, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Sergeants. C. Thompson, e 1st sergt. Aug. 2, 1862, pro. 2d Lieut. Harlow E. Selby e Aug. 1, 1863, m o June 7, 1805 Dan W. Long, e Aug. 5, 1862. pro. 1st Lieut, •Jas. H. Seaton, e Aug. 7, 1863, disd. as a private. Wm. Becket, e Aug. 15, 1863, private, trans, to V. R. C. April 16, 1864. Corporals. M. L. Stewart, e Aug. 6, '62, m o June 7, '65, sergt. Jas. T. DeHaven, e Aug. 4, 1862, pro. 1st Lieut. Tttos. Dickinson, e Aug. 9, '62, trans, to V. R. C. Jan. 27, 1864. Jesse Haley, e Aug. 4, 1862, sergt. abst. sick at m o. J. C. Maetkner, e Aug. 9, '62, m o June 7, '65, Bergt. Geo. W. Thompson, e Aug. 5, '62, trans, to V. B. C. April 30, 1864. Freely Riley, e Aug. 5, '62, m o June 7, '65, as private. Musicians. David Prettnan, e Aug. 9, '62, disd. May 1, '63, disab. Sebastian A. E. e Aug. 9, '62, disd. Feb. 23, '63, disab. Albert J. W. e Aug. 11, '63, trans, to V. R. C. Jan. 15, 1864. Abert L. C. e Aug, 11, 1862, disd. Aug. 1, '63, disab. Asher Jas. e Aug. 15, '62. disd. April 27, '63, wounds. Booker S. J. e Aug. 11, 62, died, April 18, '63, disab. Barry Wm. B. Y. e Aug. 11. '62, disd. Feb. 12, '63, disab. Butler Tobias E. e Aug. 11, 1862, pro. 1st Lieut. Becket Jas. A e Aug. 15, '62, m o June 7, '65, corpl. Becket J. M. e Aug. 15, '62, died at Goldsboso, Mar. 27, 1865, of wounds . Bottorf T. F. e Aug. 15, '62, m o June 7, '65, as corpl. Becket J. S. e Aug. 15, '62, kid. at Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864, Battorf I. A e Aug. 15, '62, trans, to V. R. C. March 15, 1865. Blickson Geo. e Aug. 11, 1862, desrtd. Feb. 5. 1863. Becket Wm. T. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Castle H. e Aug. 11, '62, m o June 7, '65, as corpl. Curl J. B. e Aug. 11, '62, died at Shelbyville, Tenn., Aug. 21, 1863. Cannon Wm. E. e Aug. 8, '62, absent, sick at m o. Dilley V. e Aug. 13, '62, kid. at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. DeMose John e Aug. 5, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. DewittDelany M. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Downing Wm. N. Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. < Ensmirgar Frank e Aug. 4, 1862, m o June 7. 1865. Edward AssaT. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Farlow Jno. M. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Furgeson Henry, e Aug. 4, -1862, m o June 7, 1865. Fry J. e Aug. 11, '62, trans, to V. R. C. Mar. 15, 1864. Flack R. e Aug, 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Flack Sam. e Ang. 11, '62, trans, to V. R. C. 1865. Gibbons Jas. e Aug. 11, '63, trans, to V. R. C. '64, Jan. 15. Henley Madison, e Aug. 5, 1862, m o Jnne 7, 1865. Haley Wm. e Aug. 7, 1862, mo Jnne 7, 1865. Hamrick Wm. W. e Aug. 11, '62, disd. May 16, '63, disab. Hedreck Jas. e Aug. 4, '63, trans, to Co. A. 34 HI. Inf. HampshirD. eAug. 5, 1863, m o June 13, 1865. Hand T. D. e A ug. 15, '63, trans, to V. B.C. Nov.13'63. Methingham Wm. e Aug. 7, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Metingham Jno.e Aug. 6, '62, disd. Mar. 26, '63, disab. Miller Dan. S. e Aug. 12, '62, disd. Nov. 14, '63, disab. McGill C. W. e Aug. 11, 1863, mo June 7, 1865. Miller Franklin, e Aug. 5, '62, disd. Oct. 18, '62, disab Miller Jas. e Aug. 6, 1862, m o June7, '65, 1st sergt. McFarland H. M. e Aug. 5, '62, m o June 7, 65, corpl. Majors Arch. C. e Aug 14, 1862. McClenhand H. M. e Aug. 30, '63, disd. March 22. '65, disab. Newland D. E. e Aug. 11, '63, absent, sick at m o. Oldson J. e Aug. 11, '62, absent, sick at m o. Ourey Abner, e Aug. 6, 1863, desrtd. March 17, 1863. O'Dell Resdem, e Aug. 11, 1865, m o June 7, 1865. O'Dell T. G. e Aug. 5, '62, disd. Jan. 23, 1865, corpl. wds. Peckler Jos. D. eAug. 13, 1862. mo June7, 1865. Pollock Al. e Aug. 9, 1862, disd. May 18, 1865. Payne Bennet A. e Aug. 2, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Pilcher Wm. e Aug. 10, '62, trans, to V. R. C. April 6,1864. Ried R. C. e Aug. 4, '62, kid. at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Roe B. F. e Aug. 1, '62, died at Shelbyville, Tenn., Sept. 3, 1863. RoseB. F. e Aug. 5, 62, died at Quincy, 111., Oct 29, 02. Rosenberry L. B. e Aug. 11, 1863, m o June 7, 1865. Simons Alex. eAug. 9, '63, disd. April 7, '65, wds. Smith Wm. M. e Aug. 15, 1863, mo June 7, 1865. Sanborn Alonzo, e Ang. 6, 1862,, m o July 31, 1865. Taylor Chris, e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Taylor T.S.e Aug. 5, '62, trans.to U.S.Eng.July 27, '64. Taylor David P. e Aug. 11, 1862, mo July 22. 1865. WhUe Wm. J. e July 4, '62, m o June 7, '65, as corpl. Wisehart J. H. e Aug.ll, 1862, mo June 7, 1865. Wisehart Jas. R. e Aug. 11, '62, died at Chattanooga, Oct. 8, 1163, of wds. Wilson C. e July 31, '62, trans, to 1st U. S. Eng. July 21, 1864. Wisehart G. e Aug. 5, 1862, m o June 7, 1865, corpl. . Wisehart Phil C. e Aug. 11, '62, m o June 7,'65,corpl. Welch Geo. W. e Aug. 7, 1862, detached at m o. Whitford Jas. T. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Recruits. CameryP. S. e Aug. 11, 1861, corpl. died Atlanta, Aug. 12, 1864, wounds. Heldreth Benj. O. e Jan. 26,'64, disd. Mch.l7,'65,wds. Her Geo. W. e Aug. 11. 1862, m o June 7, 1865, corpl. King David J. e Aug. 9, 1862, m o Jnne 7, 1865. Lester Emerson, e Aug. 3. 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Longcor Geo. e Aug. 9, 1862, m o June 22, 1865. Long Wm. e Aug. 11, 1S62, m o June 7, 1865. Long Harvey, e Jan. 26,'64, trans. Co. K. 34th Ill.Inf. Marsh Elijah W. e Aug. 5. 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Miller Jas. S. e Aug. 14, 1862, disd. May 30,'63, disab. Beed Sam G. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Company H. '65, trans. Co. G. Edward McKinn, e Aug. 9, 1863, kid. Bentonville, N. C. March 19, 1865. Etten Isaac, eAug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Recruits. Tull Jacob or Jno. B. e Feb. 34th 111. Inf. Company K. Captain. Morris E. Vernon, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Lieutenants. Jesse Parsons, 1st, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Wm. B. Akins, 2d, com. Sept. 1, 1863. Wm. E. Sommers, 1st, e Aug. 15,'62,prom. 1st Lieut. Nat. Holland, e Aug. 13, '62, disd. May 30,'63,dlsab. Jon. Butler, e Aug. 11, disd.Feb.l0,'65,lst.Bergt.wds. John Eeed, e Ang. 9, 1862, m o June 25, '65, private. 374 ADAMS COUNTY WAE EECOED. Privates. Adkins Thos. S. e Aug. 15, '62, m o June 7, '65, sergt. Adkins Isaac W. e Aug. 15, 1862, kid. Kenesaw Mt. June 27, 1864. Alps Jno. F. e Aug. 15, '62. m o June 7, 1865. Bailey Al. K. e Aug. 11, 1862, prom. 2d Lieut. Barger Christian, e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Barrow H. H. e Aug.l5,'62,died Nashville, May 4, '63. Butler Norman E. e Ang. 12, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Bucklew Jno. e Aug. 14, 1862, m o May 13, '65, surg. Burns E.P. e Aug. 15,'62,prom. quartermaster sergt. Brown B B. e Aug. 15, '63, died New Haven, Ky. Nov. 7, 1863. Beers Jno. P. e Aug. 15, 1862, died Feb. 24,'65, wds. Buekirk Jno. P. e Aug. 22, m o June 7, 1865. Buskirk Geo. W. e Aug. 22, 1862, m o July 5, 1865. Cray Wm. e Aug 11, 1862, m o June 22, 1865. Cookson Andrew J. e Aug. 13, 1862, m o June 7, '65. Coulter Dan M. e Aug. 13, 1862, m o May 12, 1865. Curtis A. e Aug. 13, '62, disd. March 28, '63, for pro U. S. C. T. Chism Caleb A. e Ang. 15,'62, disd. Dec.9,'62.disab. Chedell Geo. C. e Aug. 15, '62, m o June 17, '65, pris. Drury Jas. B. e July 39, 1862, kid. Bentonville, N. C. March 19, 1865. Donovan Thos. e Aug. 4, 1862, m o June 22, 1865. Dool Jno. H. e Aug. 8, 1862, absent, sick at m o Davis Wm. e Aug. 11, 1862, nans. I. C. Dyer Jacob E. e Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Feb. 12, 1863. French S. A. e Aug. 15, 1862, died New Haven, Ky. Dec. 26, 1862. Felt Peter L. e Aug. 15. 1862, died Chattanooga, Oct. 9, 1863, wounds. Fry Frances, e Aug. 15, 1862, died Chattanooga, July 12, 1864, wounds. Fry Andrew, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o June 7, 1865, sergt. Gnnn Chas. e Jnly 25, 1862, m o June 7, 1865, corpl. Gard J. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865, corpl. Gunn H.H. e Aug. 13, '62, died Quincy, Sept. 25, '62. Hains Thos. B. e July 26, '62, m o June 17, '65, pris. liubbell M. B. e Aug. 11, '62, m o J une 7, '65, corpl. Hickerson Paschal, e Aug. 15, 1862, in o June 7, 1865. Hyman Jno. A. e Aug. 15, 1862, prom. 1st Lieut. Jolly Thos. L. e Aug. It, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Jolly Dan T. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Johnson Geo. B. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Kinkade Jas. e Aug. 15, 1862, died Chattanooga, Oct. 22, 1863, wounds. Lesure P.e July 29, 1862, kid. Jonesboro,Ga.Sept.'64. Lanber Uriah, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o June 7, '65, corpl. Landon Isaac W.e Aug. 15,'62,m o June 7, '65, corpl. Lambert Jesse, e Aug. 30,'62, m o June 7, '65, music. Moore Frances M. e July 38, 1862, kid. Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Moore A.G.e Aug.ll,'62,trans.Pion.Corps,July 29 ,'64. Moore P. M. e Aug. 11 '62, disd.' May 2, '63, disab. Mewmaw J. W.e Aug.l5,'62,kld.Kenesaw,June 27,'64. Nichols Thos. H. e Ang. 15, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Phipps David E. e Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Dec. 15, 1862. Phlpps Jos. M. e Aug. 11, 1862, kid. Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1803. Phipps E. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o June 7, 1865, sergt. Preshner Chas. e Aug. 15, 1865, absent at m o sick. Robbins J. B. e July 36, 1862, m o Jnne 7, 1865. Heed Jno. e Aug. 15, 1862, died at Franklin, Tenn. Feb. 24. 1863. Riley Jno. H. e Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Feb. 8, '65, wds. Roberts C. C. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o June 7, 1865, 1st. sergt. • Robertson Jno. W. e Aug. 11, 1862, died atNaBhville, Dec. 10,1863, of wds. Shannon Wm. W. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Stahl Wm. B. e Aug. 11, 1862, kid. at Kenesaw Mt. June 37, 1864. Shannon Jos. B. e Aug. 13,1863, mo June 7, 1865. Swan Geo. W. e Aug. 15, 1862, died at Nashville, March 30, 1863. Smith Chas. A. e Aug. 14, 1862, died at Nashville, March 30, 1863, sergt. Smith Geo. W. e Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Nov. 4, 1862, corpl. disab. * Shirls B. e Aug. 15, 1862, died Nashville, July 15, '64. Tatman Hiram, e July 28, 1862, m o June 7, 1865, Tramill Thos. J. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Til ton David A. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Thompson Wm. H. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o June 22, 1865. Underwood Wm. O. e Aug. 12, 1863, m o May 13, 1865. Weldon S. M. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o June 7, 1865. Wood L. e Aug. 15. 1862, d'ed at Rolling Fork Bridge, Jan. 27, 1863. Winfield Tnos. H. e Aug. 15, 1862, died at Atlanta, Sept. 17, 1864, wds'. Zenmas Jno. eAug. 15, 1863, m o June 7, 1865. Recruits. Ellington W. T. e Feb. 28.'65, trans. Co.E.34 111. Inf. Harkness Oscar L. e Aug. 20, 1862, m o June 7, 1865, Hickerson J. P. e Feb. 28,'65, trans. Co. E. 34 Ill.Inf. .lolly H.H. e Feb. 28, 1865, tans. Co. E. 34 Ill.Inf. Joily Jos. e March 3.1865, trans. Co. B. 34111 Inf. New-on J.R. e Feb. 28. '65, trans. Co. E. 341,1. Inf. Porter Josh. D. e Oct. 27, 1863, died at Chattanooga, April 33, 1864. TJnassigned Recruits. Brady Robt. R. e March 30, 1865. Henaricks Wm. S- pro. Sergt. Maj. 80th Infantry. Company A. Sergeants. Harvey Ciendenen, 1st, e July 38, '63, pro. 3d Lieut. Jos. D. Mansker. e Jnly 38, 1862, reduced to rank at New Albany. Ellis Thurston, e July 38. 1863, reduced to rank,m o June 10, 1865, wd. Jno. Criley, e July 38, 1863, m o June 10, 1865, wd. Corporal. Jas. McKinna, e July 28, 1862, died Murfreesboro, Tenn. April 6, 1863. Privates. Eaton Dan. e July 28, 1862, died at Murfreesboro, Tenn. Feb. 16, 1863. i Paites Vincent, e July 28, 1862, m o June 10, 1865. 84th Infantry. The 84th Infantry, Illinois Volunteers, was orga nized at Quincy, 111., in August, 1862, by Col. Louis H. Waters, and mustered into the United States service Sept. 1, 1862, with 951 men and officers. Ordered 10 Louisville, Ky., Sept. 23, 1862, and was assigned to the 10th Brigade, Col. Grove command ing, Fourth Division, Brig. Gen. Wm. Savy Smith, commanding, and marched in pursuit of Bragg. The 84th Illinois Infantry was engaged in the fol lowing battles : Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862, and Jan. 13th and 13th, 1863, lost 333 men ; Woodbury ; Jan. 17, 1863; Chickamauga, Sept. 19th and 20th, 1863, loss, 172 men; Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and Einggold, Nov. 24th, 25th, and 26th, 1862; Dai- ton, Feb. 22, 1864. In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard's Boost, May 10, 1864 ; Eeseca, May 14th, Burnt Hickory, May 26th to 31st, and June 1st, 2d, and 3d ; KeneBaw Moun tain, Smyrna, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy Sta tion, Franklin and Nashville. Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., June 8, 1865. Colonel. Louis H. Waters, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Lieutenant Colonel. Thos. Hamer, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Major. Chas. H. Morton, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Adjutant. Chas. E. Waters, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Quartermaster. Sam. L. Eoe, com. Aug. 9, 1862, res. Nov. 18, 1862. Jas. A. Eussell, com. Nov. 19, 1862. Jas. B. Kyle, com. Sept. 1, 1862. David McDill, 1st Asst. com. Sept. 3, 1862. Elijih L. Marshall, 2d Asst. com. Sept. 12, 1862. ADAMS COUNTY WAB EECOED. 375 Chaplain . Ralph Harris, com. Sept. 3, 1862. Sergeant Major. Jno. R. Frierson, wd. Sept. 19, 1863, reduced and re turned to Co. F. Nov. 30, 1363. Quartermaster Sergeant. Andrew I. McDowell, pro. 2d Lieut. Co. I. Commissay Sergeant. Monroe Edwards, reduced, re-trans, to Co. I. Company A. Captain. Jno. P. Higgins, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Lieutenants. Thos. J. Wisdom, 1st, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Wm. F. Stearns, 2d com. Sept. 1, 1862. Privates. Bartlett H. F. e Aug. 11, 1862, desrtd. Sept. 33. 1863, Prentiss H. " Tip." e Aug. 20, 1862, trans. Brig, band, May 19, 1863. Ransom A. e Aug. 20, 1862, trans, to Brig, band. May 19, 1863. Company C. Privates. Fee Chas. W. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Hurlbut Thos. W. e Aug. 8, 1862, wd. captd. and kid. at Andersonville. May 15. 1864, N«. grave, 1,136. Whiting Wm. W. e Aug. 6, 1862, kid. Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Company D. Privates. Bowers I. L. e Aug. 11, 1862, trans, to Brigade band, May 19, 1863. Gamble Dav. M. e Aug. 5, 1862, missing at Chicka mauga, Sept. 20, 1863, supposed kid. Miller J. T. e July 14, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Roach Stephen, e Aug. 12, 1862, died at Clayton, 111., Jan. 17, 1864. Salisbury J. e Ang. 12, '62, disd. Dec. 17, '62, disab. West Joe. e Aug. 13, 1863, disd. Feb. 13, 1863, disab. Company E. Captain. Myron G. Tousley, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Lieutenants . Hiram P. Roberts, 1st, com. Sept. 1, 1863. Henry V. Lewis, 2d, com. Sept. 1,1862. Sergeants. Seymour S. Slater, e July 25, '62, died Jan. 21, '63, wd. P. Rinehart, e Aug. 7, '62, m o June 8, '63, 1st sergt. Crayton Slate, e Aug. 5, 1862, m o June 8, 1863. Jos. M. Well, e Aug. 13, '62, disd. April 35, '63, wd. Robt. S. Roeschlaub, e Aug. 1, 1862, pro. 2d Lieut. Corporals. Geo. W. Kimbley, e Aug. 9, 1862, died at Bowling Green, Ky., Feb. 10, 1863. J. Malone, e July 28, '62, died Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 24, 1862. Oscar M. Ray, e Anr- 7, '62, m o Jnne 8, '65, private. David Morris, e Aug. 7, '62, disd. 'Une, '63. disab. Lyman D. Hancock, e Aug. 7, 1862, died at Murfrees boro, Tenn., April 18, 1863. Wm. M. Powers, e Aug. 1, '63, disd. 1863, disab. Benj. Lightle, e Aug. 9, '62, m o June 8, '65, private. Musician . Jas. E. Groat, e Aug. 29, '62, m o June 8, '65, private. Privates. Abbott Thos. M. e July 31, '62, m o June 8, '65, sergt. Abbott Wm. F. e July 31, '62, died at Somerset, Ky., Nov. 4, 1868. Bagby Thos. M. e Ang. 5, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Baltzer F. e Aug. 8, '62, disd. Nov. 27, '63, disab. BakerThos. W. e Aug. 8, '62, died at Glasgow, Ky., Nov. 9, 1863. Blivens Sam. J. e Aug. 4, '62, died at Louisville, Kv , Oct. 9, 1862. Browning Asa M. e Aug. 9, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Birdsall Abe. H. e July 25, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Blivens G. A. e July 26, '62, disd. March 8, '63, disab Bartholomew Jas. T. e Aug. 11, 1862, trans. Miss. Marine Brig. March 7, 1863. Carter Jno. J. e Ang. 18, 1862, died at Danville, Ky., Nov. 5. 1862. Crawford a. M. Aug. 7, '62, trans. V. B. C. Jan. 1, '64. Chownlng Jno. P. e Aug. 7, 1862, wd. Chickamauga, m o June 8, 1865, corpl. Cormeny Alb. e Aug. 8, 1862, deserted Nov. 10, 1862. Chesshir J. W. c Aug. 1, '62, died Nov. 4, '68, disab. Conaway J.e Aug.ll, '62, trans. V.E.C. March 18, '64. Davis D.A. e Aug. 14, '62, died at Murfreesboro, Jan. 2, 1863. Davis Hiram, e July 30, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Decker Wm. e Ang. 9, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Dort Levi M. e Jnly 26, 1862, m o June 8, 1865, corpl. Ells S.e July 25,'62,died at Chnltanooga,Oct.3,'63,wd. Fox David, e Aug. 27, '62, missing at Chickamauga. Getz Sam. e Aug. 6, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. . Hedges Eobt. W. e Aug. 13, 1863, m o June 8, 1865. Hoffman W.H. e Aug. 4, '62, disd.April 29, '63, disab. Henderson Chas. e July 29, 1862, died at Nashville Nov. 28, 1862. Hoffman D.V. e Aug. 11, '62, disd.April 16, '63,disab. Hoffman D.8. e July 30. 1862, died Oct. 30, 1864, wds. Hunter Jno. e Aug. 14. '62, disd. Feb. 15. '63, disab. Hutchins, E. e July 31, '62, m o June 8, 1865, wd. Hughes Jas. F. Aug. 9, '62, disd. 1862. Hughes W.L.Aug. 9. '62. died at Nashville,Dec.27, '62. Karr Jas. C. e Aug 9, '62, disd. May 4, '63, disab. Keller Phil, e July 25, 1862, m o Jnne 8, 1865. Kimbley B. F. e Aug. 9, '63, m o June 8, '65, sergt. Lewton Hen. B. e Aug. 4, '62, desitd. May 26, 1864. Lewton Dan. e Aug. 8, 1862. Leightle E. e Aug. 1, '62, trans. V. B. C. Aug. 23, '63. Long J.B.e Aug.9, '62, died atNashville,April 27,'63. Lock H. A. e Ang. 8, 1862, disd. March 4, 1863, disab. Lock Hewlon B. e Aug. 11, 1863. m o June 8, 1865. Lyons Chris, e Aug. 1. '62, m o June 8, '65, as corpl. Lewis W. Loren, e July 25, 1862, m o June 8, 186fc McEay Martin V. B. e July 2g, 1862. m o June 8, '65. Merritt Martin, e Aug. 6, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. McDermoit T.A. e Aug. 11, '62, m o June 8, '65,corpl. Miller D. C. e Aug. 7, '62, m o June 8, 1865, as corpl. Monde Fred, e Aug. 15, '62, m o June 8, 1865. Norton B. e July 27, '63, m o trans eng. corps. July 39, 1864. Orien L.H.e Aug.9, '62, died at Nashville, Jan.22, '64. Penny Gadec or Gadoc, e Julv 26, '62, m o June 8,' 65. Porter A. B. e Aug. 1, '62, disd. March 22, '68, disab. Pond Jos. S. Aug. 9, '62, m o June 8, 1865, wd. Poston W. B. M. e Aug. 1, '62, m o June 8, '65, corpl. Plowman James, e Aug. 5, '62, m o June 8, '65, wd. Plowman Joshua, m o June 8. 1865. Eobb Newton J. e Aug. 4, 1862, desrtd. Dec. 35, '64. Stabler Geo. N. e Aug, 5, '63, m o May 15, '65. Stabler Jarrett W. e Aug. 11, 1863, m o June 13, '65. Sparks Henry H. e July 28, '62, m o June 8, 1865. Scheder or Schecter L. e July 28, '62, June 8, '65, wd. Shepherd John A. e Aug. 8, 1862, died Nashville, Dec. 19. 1862. Shepherd Warren N. e Aug. 8, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Simpson Geo. W. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Smith John H. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o June 8, 1865, wd. Spitler E. e Ang. 5, '62, died Nashville, Jan. 25, '63. Stone Philander O. e Aug. 18, 1862, m o June 8,1865. Sherman Alfred, e Aug. 14, 1862, died at Murfrees boro, Jan. 8, 1863, wounds. Taylor Benj. T. e Aug. 14, 1862, m o Jan. 8, '65, corpl. Tilsen Wm. H. e Aug. 12, 1862, disd. April 26,'64, wd. Thompson G. W. e Aug. 5, '62, disd. Feb.24, '63, disab. Wogy Phil, e Aug. 11, '62, disd. April 8, 1863, disab. Wells Wm. H. e July 25, 1862, missing at Chicka mauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Wilson G. W. e Aug. 5, 1862, died Qnlncy, Oct. 8, '62. Wirth Jacob, e Aug. 17, 1862, died at Murfreesboro, Jan. 17, 1863, wounds. Whitcomb Martin P, e Aug. 15,1862, trans, eng. corps, July 26, 1864. Young. Robt. C. e Aug. 4, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Recruit. Maloan Wm. e Jan. 28, 1864, kid. New Oak Church, June 4, 1864. 376 ADAMS COUNTY WAE RECORD. Company F. Private. Frlerson J. R. e Aug. 20, '62, supposed trans. V.R.C. Company G. Privates. Hopkinson Alb. e July 20,1862, died at Murfreesboro, Jan. 10, 1863, wounds. Keys G. W. e Jnly 18, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. McPhelters J.E.or H. e Aug.l7,'62,di8d.March 10, '63. Ransom H. e Aug.ll, '62, trans. Brig. band.May 20. '63. Wycuff Perry, e July 19, 1862, disd. Jan. 9, 1864, wd. Company I. Captain. Albert J. Griffith, com. Sept. 2, 1862. Wm. Scott, 1st, com. Sept. 1, 1862. Thos. F. Kendrick,, 2d, com. Sept. 1, 1862. M. P. Edwards, 1st, e, July 23, 1862, disd. Dec. 26, private, disab. J.W.Whiteside, e Aug. 5,'62, m o June 8, '65, private. John Dougherty, e Aug. 5, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Wm. Mills, e Aug. 5, 1862, died Nashville, Dec. 3,'62, Corporals. J. C. Logue, e Aug. 5, 1862, pro. 2d Lieut. D. A. Alexander, e Aug. 5, 1862, died at Nashville, Jan. 20, 1863, wd. J. B. Morris, e Aug. 5, 1862, disd. Nov. 15, '64, disab. Jas. B. Manlove, e Aug. 5,'62, m o June 8, '65, sergt. Sam. Cain, e Aug. 5, '62, m o June 8, 1865, 1st sergt. Jas. Stephens, e Aug. 5, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Henry Cromwell, e Ang. 5, '62, m o June 8,'65, sergt. Ed. Davis, e Aug. 5, 1863, m o June 8, 1865. Privates. Alexander D. e Aug. 5, 1862, pro. 2d Lieut. Alexander A. L. e Aug. 5, 1862, m o June 8,'65, corpl. Backman A. C. e Aug. 1,'62, died Quincy, Oct. 23, '64. Bates F. H. e Aug. 5, 1862, disd. Jan. 14, 1863, disab. Brown J. M. e Aug. 5. 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Brady Hugh, e July 36, trans. V.R.C. Oct. 39,'64, wd. Brothers Wilson, e July 30, 1863, drowned May 5, '63. Brothers Sam. e July 30, 1862, died at Liberty, 111. March 27, 1864. Brown Thos. M. e Aug. 9, 1862, m o June 8, '65, corpl. Barnart C.e Aug.8,'62, died MurfreeBboro, March ,'63. Butler W. J. e Ang. 3, 1862. m o June 8, 1865. Cain N. e Aug. 5, '62, died Nashville, Feb. 7, '63, wd. Cain Laben, e Aug. 4, 1862, m o June 8. 1665. Crawford W. D. e Aug. 3, 1862, died at Murfreesboro, Jan. 10, 1863, wounds. Carter John D. e Aug. 14, 1862, in o June 8,'65, co-pl. Clark A. e Aug. 5, 1862, kid. Stone River, Dec. 31, '62. Daugherty Thos. e Aug. 5, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Doyle Sam. e July 15,'65, dropped aB desrtr.Oct.1,'64. Groves Sam. W. e Aug. 3, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Galloway T.G. or J . e Aug. 9,1862, kid. at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. Henlon W.B. e Aug.8,'62, trans.inv.corps,Aug.31,'63. Henry Wm. E. e Aug. 3, 1862, disd. Dec.24,'62,disab. Hall Atlak, e Aug. 5, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Harney A. S. e Aug. 5, 1862, died at Mnifreesboro, Jan. 24, :863, wounds. Heigley H. e Aug. 22, 1862, died at Nashville, Jan.29, 1863, wounds. Handley, Wm. H. H. e Aug. 3, 1862, m o June 8, '65. Hinman Aaron, e Aug. 8, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Laughlin A. T. e Aug. 6. 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Long E. D. e Aug. 5, 1862, disd. March 17, '64, disab. Lathrop J.W. e Aug.8,'62, died Nashville, Dec.38,'62. Miller D. e Ang. 5,'62, kid. Stone Eiver, Dec. 31, '63. Marshall Elijah, e Aug. 5, 1863, m o June 8, 1865. Manlove David E. e Aug. 8, 1862, died at Nashville, March 29, 1863, wounds. Martin D.N. e Ang. 5, '62. died Nashville, Dec.14,'62. Martin Thos. e Aug. 9, 1863, m o June 8, 1865. Mason Peter, e Aug. 5, 1863, disd. Dec. 1862, wd. McCurdy Dan. e July 13, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. McDowell A. S. e July 9, 1862, pro. Q. M. sergt. McOowan J. D. e July 9, 1862, m o June 8, 1865, wd. Pevehouse W. W. e Aug.22,'62, m o June 8,'65, sergt. Pevehouse J. B. e July 5, 1862, m o Jnne 8, 1865. Stevens G. N. e Aug. 5, '62, died at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 16, 1863, wds. Shehony Wm. W. e Aug. 8, 1862, died at Louisville, Dec. 9, 1862. Scott C. eAug.3, '62, kid. at Stone River, Dec. 31, '62. Stevens R. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. wd. Slayle D. N. e Aug. 5, 1862, m o June 8, '65, as corpl. Shehons D. e Aug. 5, 1862, died at MurfreeBboro, April 23, 1863. Slayle Jno. T. e Aug. 3, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Tatman Chas. L e Aug. 8, 1862, m o June 8, 1865. Taylor Ithamar S. e Aug. 5, '62, trans, to Brig, band, May 20, 1863. Worley E.e Aug. 5, '63, died at Louisville, July 18, '63. Wear Dave C. e Ang. 11, '62, m o June 8, '65, as corpl. Webb Wm. H. Aug. 11, '62, disd. Jan. 6, '64, wds. Recruits. Thomas C.E.e March 6, '65. trans, to Co.F. 21 Ill.Inf. Turner Abe, e died at Stone River, Dec. 31, '62, wds. Whitlock I.e Aug.15, '62, trans, to V.R.C.Sept.30,'63. 89th Infantry. Company A. I Corporal. G. W. Price, e Aug. 13, '62, m o June 10, '66, sergt. Privates. Aldrich Jasp. D. e Aug. 13, 1862, disd. April 4, '63, to enlist in BUett's Marine Brig. Hudson T. J.e Aug. 11, '62, m o June 10, '65, 1st sergt. Robichand F. A. e Aug. 7, '62, disd. June 30, '63, to enlist in Ellett's Marine Brig. Sabers R. e Aug. 12, '62, corpl. kid. at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Wilkinson G. e Aug.12, '62, disd. April 19,' 65, disab. Recruits. Alf Henry, e Nov.21, 1863, died at Andersonville, Oct. 12. 1864, No. grave, 10,762. Sampson David, e Nov. 21, '63, trans, to 59 111. Inf. Company E. Corporals. J. Browning, e Aug. 10, '62, died at Nashville, March 16, 1864. T. W. Dyas, e Aug. 10, 1862, m o June 16, 1865. Privates. Anderson C.G. e Aug. 10, '62, m o June 10, '65, corpl' Brown R. e Aug. 10, '62, disd. April 1, '63, disab. Browning Thos. e Aug. 10, 1862, m o Jnne 10, 1865. Crain H. H. e Aug. 10, '62, disd. June 13, 1864, wds. Crawford Geo. B. e Aug. 10. '62, desrtd. Nov. 12, '62. Miller J. N. e Aug. 10, '62, died at New Albany, Ind., Nov. 21, 1862. ' Porter D. e. Aug. 6, '62, trans, to V. R. C. Sept.16,'63. Sadler W.e Aug.7, '62, trans.toEng.corps, July30,'64. Sadler S. e Aug. 7, 1862, m o June 10, 1865. Recruit. Colten S. e Dec. 16, 1863, trans, to 59 111. Inf. 99th Infantry. Company F. Privates. Cooper W. H. e Aug. 6, 1862, trans, to Co. A. cons. Miller J. E. e Aug. 6, '62, kid. at Vicksburg, May 32, 1868. Henderson W. H. e Aug. 6, '62, trans, to Co. A. cons. Ogle S.e July 26, '62, died at Houston, Mo.,Jan.28,'63. Bubert A. e July 26, '62, died at New Orleans, Sept. 10. 1863. Stevens H e July 26, '62, trans, to Co. A. cons. Williams Jno. J. e Aug. 13, 1862, died at Memphis, Sept. 3, 1863. Company K. Private. Starks Thos. e Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to Co. E. cons. ADAMS COUNTY WAR RECORD. 377 118th Infantry. This regiment came into the service under the call of July 2, 1862, and was organized in Aug., 1862. Companies D, F, and K were organized In Adams county. Rendezvoued at Camp Butler from the 1st to the 8th of Sept., 1862, and was placed at once guarding the prisoners of war. Was mustered into the U. S. service Nov. 7, 1862, by Capt. Washington. Em barked for Memphis, Tenn., where it arrived on the 11th of Dec. 1862. On the 20th left with Sherman for Vicksburg, Miss.; participated in the engagement at Chickasaw Bluffs from the 20th to the 30th of Dec. Re-embarked and arrived at Arkansas Port Jan. 9, 1863, and engaged in the capture of the Fort on the 10th and nth. Engaged in the following battles: Thompson's Hills (Port Gibson) May 1st, 1863 ; Siege of Vicksburg until after the assaults on tha 19th and 22d of May, 1863; Jackson, from the 10th to the 17th of July. By the order of Gen. Grant the regiment was mounted Jnne 10th, 1863. On the 4th of August wis transferred as part of the 13th Army Corps to the Department of the Gulf. The horses of the regiment were turned over to the Q. M. Aug. 8. On the 4th of Oct. was ordered to Algiers, La., to report to Brig. Gen. A. L. Lee. Chief of Cavalry Department of the Gulf. Drew horses and re-mounted Oct. 10th, Participated in the engagement near Washington, La.. Oc . 24. Was in a severe engagement Nov. 3. known as the battle of Grand Coteau. Vermilion- ville, and Nov. 11 Vermilion Bayou. Remained at New Iberia, La., participating in the daily -corns and skirmishes until Dec. 18, when it embarked for Port Hudson, where It arrived Jan. 7, 1864. March 30 a portion of the regiment was in a severe fight at Bayou Grosse-Tete, La., in which a determined sabre charge and hand-to-hand fight against superior num bers saved them from defeat and capture. Moved to Baton Rouge, La., July 3, and remained until Sept. 4 ; participating in Gen. Lee's raids and in engagements at Redwood, Comite Bridge and Clinton, Aug. 25. Marched to Hermitage Plantation, opposite Donald- sonville, La., and from this point went with Gen. Lee on his raid to Liberty and Brookhaven, Miss. During the months of January, February, March, April and to the 22d of May, 1865, the regiment was engaged in scouting, picketing, &c. May 22d the horses were turned over to the Q. M., and from that time the regi ment was doing provost duty in the city of Baton Rouge up to Oct. 1, 1865, when it was mustered out of service. Colonel. Jno. J. Fonda, com. Nov. 29, 1862. Lieutenant Colonel. Jno. J. Fonda, com. Nov. 22. 1862, pro. Major. Rob't M. McClanghry, com. Nov. 8. 1*62. Adjutant. Jno. B. Barnes, com. Oct. 17, 1862. Quartermaster. W. K. Davidson, com. Oct. 13, 1862. Surgeons. Madison Reese, com. Dec. 15. 1862. Jno. K. Bonds, 1st Asst. com. Nov. 27. 1862, Elner Nichols, 2d Asst. com. Dec. 19, 1862. Chaplain.- Thos. M. Walker, com. Dec. 19, 1862. Company B. Private. Edgington Jesse, e Aug. 15, 1862, trans. Co. K. Recruit. Wo d Wm. Company C. Recruits. Newcomb'jno. T. e Feb. 25, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Simpson Jno. C. e Feb. 25, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 186"" Schrim Granville, e Feb. 25, 1865. m o Oct. 1, 1885. Company D. Captain. Jno. H. Hotton, com. Nov. 7, 1862. Lieutenants. Wm. J. Brown, Jr. 1st, com. Nov. 29, 1862. W. J. Sturr, 2d, com. Nov. 7, 1862. Sergeants. Thos. W. Lindsey, 1st, e Ang. 15, '62, m o Oct. 11, '65, private. Louis W. Menn, e Aug. 15, 1862, pro. 1st Lieut. J. W. Clark,e Aug.l5,'62,m o Oct.l.'65,com.lst Lieut. Jas. Delamatar, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Jas. V. Mays, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Corporals. Jno. Finkle, e Aug. 15, 1862, private, trans. Invalid Corps, March 15, 1861. Jas. Cunningham, e Aug. 15, '62, desrtd.April 28, '63. Benj. J. Kinkaid, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1. 1865. 1st sergt. com. 21 Lieut. J. Y. Young, eAug. 15, 1862, private died Sept.26,'63. JaB. Darnell, e Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Sept. 6. '63, disab. Josiah O'Neal, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Sept. 21, 1865. Wm. S. Sevier, e Aug. 15,'62, tn o Oct. 1,'65. sergt. Jos. Fairfield, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Musicians. Jas. Minicaire, e Aug. 15 1862, died Feb. 10. 1863. Jas. Stobie. e Ang. 15,'62. disd. March 31, '63. disab. C. Womelsborf, e Aug. 15, '62, disd. Sept.2,'62,disab. Wagoner. Martin Nephy. e Aug. 15, '62, died Cairo, Dec. 4, '64. Privates. Alexander Geo. N. e Aug. 15, '62, disd. Aug. 23, '65, corpl. disab. Arning Jno. A. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Apsley Wm. N. e Aug. 15, '62,disd. July 31 '63.disab. Brinager Amos, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Bayles Geo. W. e Aug. 15, '62, m o May 27, '65, prisr. Beckgerd Jno. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Coyle Jno. e Aug. 15, 1862, desrtd. Nov. 27, 1862. Carroll Richard, e Aug. 15, 1862, trans. Co. K. Cunningham VanBuren,e Aug.15,'62, died Jan. g,'63.' Chow Jno. F. e Ang. 15, 1862, trans. Co. K. Conley Thos. eAug. 15, 1862, died Jan. 5, 1863. Cunningham T. e Aug. 15, '62, disd. Mch.31,'63.aisab. Coyle Jas. e Aug. 15, 1863, desrtd. Nov. 27. 1862. Craig Wm. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Dorman Wm. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Darr Wm. e Aug. 15, 1862, trans. Co. K. Elfus Jno. H. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, '65, corpl. Edwards Jno. e Aug. 16. '62, diBd. Sept. 22,'65,disab. Elfers Jacob, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o May 20, 1865. F.sher Chas. e Aus. 15, 1862, trans. Invalid Corps. Jan. 15, 1865. Funk Jacob, Aug. 15, '62. disd. June 10, '65, disab. Franks Isaac, e Aug. 15, 1862, died July 23, 1868. Finkle Gideon G. e Aug. 15. 1862, desrtd. Ang. 3, '63. Goldsmith Jos. B. e Aug. 15. 1862. trans. Co. K. Graves Jos. e Aug. 15, 1862, died April 25, 1863. Graham Abe, e Ang. 15, 1862 disd. Mch. 31,'63.disab. Huntley Chas. W. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Hughes Wm. T. e Aug. 15,1862,disd.Feb.ll,'63,disab. Hutton Theo. J. Aug. 15, '62, m o Oct. 1, '65, corpl. Koustiener Henry, e Aug. 15, '62, died Aug. 18, 1863. Kinkle Phil, e Ang. 15, 1862, died May 5, 1865. King Thos. e Aug. 15, 1862. desrtd. Aug. 10, 1865. Kealan Wiley W. e Aug. 15. '62. m o Oct. 1, 1865. Landrum Jesse, e Aug. 15,62, disd. July 31, '63. disab. Lock H.e Aug. 15,'63. trans. Invalid corps. Feb.15,'64. Lee J. J. e Aug. 16,'62,died New OrleanB,Sept.l3,'64. Menn T. e Ang. 15, '62, trans. Inv. Corps. May 31, '64. Mayer Chas. e Aug. 15, 1862. m o Oct. 1, 1865. Mulican Wm. e Aug. 15, '62.disd. March31, '63,disab. Mclntyre Wm. e Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Ang. 23, 1865. Norris Andrew J. e Aug. 15, 1862, died Aug. 25. 1863. O'Neal Cyrus, e Aug. 15, 1862, d'ed Cairo Jan. 1, '63. O'Farrel M. e Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. K. Poole Sam. e Ane. 15, 1862, trans, to Co. K. Perkins A. e Aug. 15, 1862. died Jan. 10, 1865. disab. Reading Dan. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. 378 ADAMS COUNTY WAR RECORD. Roberts Jas. e Aug. 15, 1862, absent, sick at m o. Sohn Jno. e Aug. 15, 1862. m o Oct. 1, 1865. Sanders Eph. e Aug. 15, 1862, prisr. July 9. 1863. Snyder H. J. e Aug. 15. 1863, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Stein Geo. e Aug. 15, 1863. trans, to Co. K. Snyder John, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Taylor Noble D. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Tucker Jno. e Aug. 15, '62, disd. Aug. 11, '65, disab. Tucker Geo. D. e Aug. 15. 1862, died Milliken's Bend, June 6, 1863. Turnbaugh J. W. e Aug. 15, 1862, died March 11, '63. Tieman Fred, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Valen Jos. A. e Aug. 15, 1862 m o Oct. 1, 1865. Woodcock Jos. e Aug. 15, 1862, trans. Invalid Corps, Aug. 1, 1863. Watson B. T. e Aug. 15, 1862, disd. March 31, 1863, disab. West Austin, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. corpl. Welch Michael, e Aug. 15. 1862, died New Orleans, Sept. 1, 1863. Williams Jos. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o O'-t. 1, 1865. Womelsdorf Ludwig, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, '65. Wilcox J. R. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865, corpl. Wilcox E. e Aug. 15, 1862. disd. March 11, '63, disab. Watson J. B. e Aug. 15, 1862. trans, to Co. K. Recruits. Miller Jno. A. e Jan. 30, 1864. m o Oct. 1, 1865. Slater Geo. L. e March 1, 1865. m o Oct. 1, 1865. Wilcox Stephen T. e Oct. 36, 1863, died Oct. 36, 1864. Company E. Recruits. Brent Augustus Wm. m o Oct. 1, 1865. Kimball Horace M. e Feb. 28, 1865. m o Oct. 1, 1865, Kimball Hiram L. e Feb. 33 1865, m o Oct.. 1. 1865. Snuther Jno. A. e Aug. 15, '64, disd. pro. Feb. 37, '65. Uhler A. J. e Feb. 23, 1865. m o Oct. 1 . 1865. corpl. Uuler Wm. H. e Feb. 33, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Company F. Captain. Wm. J. Evans, com. Nov. 3, 186-1 Lieutenants. Ham Young, 1st, com. Nov. 7, 1863. Ira Taylor, 3d, com. Nov. 7, 1863. Sergeants. Albert G. Bliven, 1st, e Aug. 4,1863, pro. 1st Lieut. Turner Lock, e Aug. 14 '62, disu. Sept. 5, '64, disab. Benj. Hall, e Aug. 4, 1862. pro. 1st Lieut. Louis Wilcox, e Aug. 4, '62, disd. Feb. 29, '63. disab. Charles W. Campbell, e Aug. 4, 1862, disd. Feb. 39, 1863, disab. Corporals. Wm. Holcomb, e Aug. 14, 1862, m o Oct. 1, '65, priv. Louis Boyer. e Aug. 14, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865, 1st sergt. com. 1st. Lieut. Thos. Willis, e Aug. 14, 1862, disd. July 6, 1863. J. S. Gayer, e Aug. 14, 1862, m o March 31, '63. disab. Hiram K. Reynolds, e Aug. 4, 1863, died at Carrol- ton, La. Sept. 5, 1863. Geo. W. Campbell, e Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Feb. 29, '63. T. Tracy, e Aug. 4, 1863, disd. April 11, 1863, disab. Musicians. Thos. T. Linthecum, c Aug. 14, 1863, disd. March 1. 1863, disab. S. R. Hull, e Aug. 4, 1863, disd. April 11, '63, disab. Wagoner. John Betts, e Aug. 14, 1863, disd. Jan. 1, 1864. Privates. Anderson I. S. e Aug. 14,'62,disd. April 19, '64, disab. Boulvar S. G.|e Aug. 4,'63, trans. V. R.C. Feb. 19, '64. Belick Josh, e Aug. 4, 1862, died at Milliken's Bend, Maichl, 1863. Bel's J. e Aug. 14, 1863. died Cairo, Jan. 22, '63,wds. Belts Dan. e Aug. 14, 1862, m o Oct. 1. 1865. Cord Jno. J. e Aug. 14. 1862. m o Oct. 1, 1865, corpl. Cherry Jas. e Aug. 4, 1862, died Carrolton, La. Sept. 14, 1863. Calvin David, e Aug. 14, 1862, desrtd. Aug. 20, 1863. Cockerel P. e Aug. 14, 1862, disd. March 1, '64, disab. Campbell J. E. e Aug. 4, 1862, rn o Oct. 1. '65, sergt Chamberlain W. G. e Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Jan. 30, 1863, disab. Chamberlain Jas. e Aug 4, 1862, m o Oft. 1, 1865. Cartright A. J. e Aug. 14, 1862, disd. March 13, 1863, disab. Dean Wm. e Aug. 4, 1862. disd. April 11, 1863, disab. Dempsey Jas. e Aug. 4. 1862, m o Oct, 1, 1865. Elliot C. R. e Aug. 4. 1862, disd. Jan. 3. 1864. disab. Flick Andreas, e Aug 4, 1863, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Fruit Theo. C. e Aug. 4. 1862. m o Oct. 1, 1865, sergt. Gray Lafayette, e Aug. 14, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Gilkey Thos. F. e Aug. 4, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Holdman Geo. W. e Aug. 14, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. tiollembrook Wm. H. e Aug. 4, 1862, disd. April 11 1863, disab. Hammond Franklin, e Aug. 4, 1862, died at Arkansas Post, Jan. 11, 1863. Hinckley B. W. e Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Aug. 8, 1863, di°ab. Halcomb John O. e Aug. 4, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Ham Frances M. e Aug. 4, 1862, m o Oct. 1,'65. sergt. Heine Fred, e Aug. 4, 1862, diBd. Sept. 4,1864. disab. Jones Sam. e Aug. 14. '62, disd. March 24, '63. disab. Kirk Jas. W. e Aug. 14. '62, died St. Louis,Feb.24.'63. Likes Phil, e Aug. 4. 1862, disd. Jnne 25, 1863, rtisab. Linthicum J. D. e Aug. 4, '62, disd. June 6, '63, disab. Linthicum Sam. A. e Aug. 4, 1862, trans. Co. K. Likes Edward, e Aug. 4, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Layman J. e Ang. 14,'62, tras. inv. corps, June 15,'63. Layman J.H.e Aug. 14, '62,trans.inv.corps, June 15 '63. Manker J.H. e Aug.4,'62, died Memphis, March 9,'63. McDale Anderson, e Aug. 4. 1863, trans. Co. K. Manker Bryon, e Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Feb. 4, 1863. Morgan B. T. e Aug. 4, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865, corpl. McClary Dan. e Aug. 4, 1863, died on steamer "D. A. January," Jnly 1, 1863. Meed Greenville, e Ang.4.'63,disd. June 35,'63,disab. Neal Phil, e Aug. 14, '63, died M-mphis, Dec. 26, '62. Pulliam Harnson H. e Aug. 4, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Parker John I. e Aug. 4, 1862. m o Oct. 1, 1865. Reeves C. W. e Aug. 4, '62, died Memphis, Jan.26,'63. Reed H. G. e Aug. 14, '62, died Memphis, Jan. 7, '63. Sherwood C. T. e Aug. 4, 1862, disd. Jan.5.'64, di ab. Stevens J. W. e Aug. 14. '63, m o Oct. 1, 1865, sergt. Sheets Phil, e Aug. 14, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Smiley D. T. e Aug. 4, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865, corpl. Stockton Lem W. e Aug. 4, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Spencer Arthur W. e Aug. 4, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Sturtevant Chas. W. e Aug. 14, 1862. trans. < o. K. Tyler Uriah, e Aug. 4, 1362. disd. Dec. 8. 1863. Thirsting Robt. T. e Aug. 4, 1862, died Yazoo River, Jan. 1. 1863. Tungate Wm. H. e Aug. 4, 1863, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Thompson Jas. e Aug. 4, 1862. died Jan. 25, 1865. Winner Sam. e Aug. 4.1862, disd. June 25,'63, disab. Witlis Jas. e Aug. 4, 1862, died at Young's Point,La. Wisdom A. S. e. Aug. 14, 1863, died Jan. 12,'63, wde. Recruits . Anderson John, e Aug. 14, 1864, m o June 3, 1865. Belts Wm. m o Oct. 1, 1865. Campbell Wm. e Feb. 28. 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Davis John, e Sept. 12, 1864, m o June 23, 1865. Morgan Geo. W. e Feb. 22, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Meriam Jus.Jm o Oct. 1, 1865. Moore Andrew J. e March 15, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Nations Albert, e Feb. 25. 1865, m o Oct. 1. 1865. Ulery Lewis C. e March 16, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Willis Thos. e Feb. 25, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Wilson Wright H. e March 15, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Company H. Private. Martin Jas. e Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Aug. 25, '63, disab. Recruits. Carver Thos. L. e Feb. 22. 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Dickhut Chas. W. e Feb. 27, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Dickhut Wm. C. e Feb. 27, 1865, m o Oct. 1 1865. Dickhut Chris. G. e Feb. 24, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. GaltB Tnos. e Feb. 24, 1865, m o Oct. 1. 1865. May Phil, e Feb. 24, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Company 1. Recruits. Bennett John 11. e Feb. 28, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Barker Jas. S. e Feb. 28, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. ADAMS COUNTY WAR RECORD. 379 Burnipp Albert, e Feb. 28. 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Fish Chas. G. e Feb. 28, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Gnrl Jas. e Feb. 28, 1866, died at Baton itouge, La. May 3, 1H65. Hart John F. died. June 6, 1865. Hendricks Wm. R. m o Oct. 1, 1865. Jackson Calvin R. e Fe i. 22, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Parrack Jas. T. m o Oct. 1. 1865. Wilson Robt, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Company K. Captain . John D. Rosenbrook, com. Nov. 39, 1862. Lieutenants. John S. Spangler, 1st, com. Nov. 39, 1863. Edmond Higbie, 2d, com. Nov. 29, 1862. Edgerton Jesse, e Aug. 15, '62, died at Mound City, 111., Jan. 12, 1863. Fessenden H.J.e Aug. 15. '62, disd.Aug. 3, '63, disab. Foulch J. L. e Aug. 15, '62, m o Oct. 1, 1865, sergt. Gorman Hugh, desrtd. Dec. 18, 1862. GoldBmith J. B. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Graham A. e Aug. 15, '62, disd. Mar. 31, 1863, disab. McDole Anderson, e Aug. 4, '62, desrtd. Nov 27, '62. O'Farrel Mike, e Aug. 15, 1863, disd. July 7, 1865. Poole Sam. e Aug. 15, 1862, deBrtd. Dec. 1, 1862. Stein Geo. e Aug. 15, 1863, desrtd. Dec. 1, 1862. Sturtevant Chas. W.e Aug. 14, '62, disd. April 12, 1863, disab. Watson J. R. e Aug. 15, 1862, desrtd. April 3, 1868. Wright Geo. e March 30. 1865. m o Oct. 1, 1865. Weaver Alvin, e March 30, 1865. TJnassigned Recruits. Winsel Aaron, e Jan. 30, 1864. JaB. W. Hewitt, 1st, e Aug. 15, 1863, m o Oct. 1, 1865, com. 1st Lieut. Privates . Austin C. e Aug. 15. 1862, died. Jan. 27, 1863. disab. Allison Henry, e Aug.15,'63, disd. March 24.'63,disab. Austin D. W. e Aug. 15,'62, m o Oct. 1, '65, as corpl. Battell Richard, e Aug.l5.'62,disd. March 6,'68, disab. Browle John, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Brown Wm. J. e Aug. 15, 1862, pro. 1st Lieut. Co. D . Barclay E. 11., e Aug. 15,1862, corp. died at Smith's Plantation, May 1, 1863. Barclay W. eAug. 15, 1863, trans, to signal corps, Nov. 37, 1863. Buslow Wm. e Aug. 15, '62, disd. July 12, '63, disab. Bnstow T. J. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct 1, 1865. Crank T. J. e Aug. 15, '62, died at Milliken's Bend, May 4, 1863. Curtise Harkless, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Coger E'ler B.e Aug. 15, '62, disd. April 25, '62, disab. Dunbar J. H. e Aug. 15, '62, d'sd. March 26, '63,disab. Drake Andrew B. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. ¦Dunbald J. W. e Aug. 15, '62, died at Young's Point, March 2. 1863. Ellis Benj. F. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Hewitt Klijah C. e Aug. 15, 1865, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Holliday A. e Aug. 15, '62, disd. March 14, '64, corpl. disab.. Holton J. W. e Aug. 15, '62, died at Woodville, 111., Sept. 23, 1863. Higbie Edmond, e Aug. 15, 1862, po. to 2d Lieut. Houghton Chas. e Aug. 15, 1863, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Harris C. e Aug. 15, '62, disd. March 24, '63, disab Ketchum Jno e Aug. 15, '62, corpl., died at Vicks burg, Dec. 10, 1863. McGrew Andrew, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Kercer EH, e Aug. 15, 1862. m o Oct. 1, 1865. M.-tcalf M. D. e Aug. 15, '62, disd.Feb. 13, '63,disab. Poling Chas. B. e Aug. 15, '63, died at New Orkans, Oct. 10. 1863. Poling A. W. e Aug. 15, '62. disd. July 12, '64, disab. Poling G. W. e Aug. 15, '62, died April 17, '63, disab. Poling E. e Aug. 15, '62, died at Milliken's Bend, La., March 26, 1863. Poling Jno. E.e Aug. 15, '62. disd. Mar.29, '65, disab. Poling W. P. e sergt. trans, to Sig. corps. Oct. 7. '63. Quig Ohanncey T. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Rosenbrook Wm. E. e Aug. 15, 1862, sergt. died at Black River Bridge, Miss., Ju'y 28, 1863. Rust Chas. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Reese Wm. H. eAug. 15, 1862, mo Oct. 1,1865, sergt. com. 2d Lieut. Rice W. P. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct.. 1, 1865, as corpl. Ralev J. e Aug. 15, 1862, died at Hospital boat, June 12,1863. Raley J. D. e Aug. 15, '62, trans, to Invalid corps, Dec. 16. 1863. Shupe D. W. e Ang. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1. '65, as corpl. Scott Sam. eAug. 15, '62, trans, to Invalid corps, Sept. 30, 1863. Sculler Jos. e Aug. 15, 1862. disd. Aug. 17, '65, disab. Shepherd Jacob, e died at Vicksburg, Aug. 21, 1863. Taylor Thos. M. e. Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. WiaySam. W. e Aug. 15, 1862, wagoner, died at Carrolton, La., Aug. 23, 1863. . Welling, Tlieo.e Aug. 15, '62, disd. April 9, '64. disab. Recruits. Carroll Richard, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. Darr Wm. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Oct. 1, 1865. 119th Infantry. The 119th Infantry was organized at Quincy, 111., Sept. 18, 1862. by Col. Thos. J. Kinney; waB mas tered in Oct. 10, by ,Lieut. K. Knox, U. S. A., moved Nov. 2, to Columbus, Ky., and thence to Jackson, Tenn. ; on Dec. 3, moved to post of Kenton. On Dec. 21. Companies G and K were captured at Ruther ford's Station. On 6th of February, 1863, moved to Humboldt; May 30, moved to Memphis, aid was assigned to Fourth Brigade, Col. D. Moore com manding. Fourth Division, Brig. Gen. J. C. Veach, commanding, 16th army corps., Maj. Gen. S. A. Hurlbut commanding. On 27th of January 1864, moved to Vicksburg, Miss., and was engaged m tne campaign under Gen. Sherman, returning to Vicks burg, March 4. On 10th, embarked on Red River ex pedition, engaged in battles of Fort De Bussi-y, Pleasant Hill, Bayou Lamoore. and Yellow Bayou. Moved to Vicksburg, May 25, and Memphis. June 24. Moved by rail to La Grange. July 5, commenced march through Mississippi. Engaged Far-rest's force at Tupelo, 14th— returned to Mempuis on 27th. September 5, moved to Jefferson Barracks. Mo. Oct. 2, started after Cree's, and returned November 18, having marched over 700 miles. Dec. 1, arr ved at Nashville; was engaged in battle of Dec. 15th and 16th ; pursued the enemy to Bastport. On Fenruary 8, embarked for New Orleans. March 5, moved to Dauphine Island. On 19th to Spanish Fort and Blakely. Was engaged at both points, being in skirmish line. Moved to Montgomery and Mobile. Mustered out August 26, 1865, by Capt. S. C. Howell, A. C. M., and arrived at • amp Bu'ler, Illi nois, September 4, 1865, where it received final pay ment and discharge. Colonel. Thos. J. Kinney, com. Oct. 7, 1863 Lieutenant Colonel. Sam. E. Taylor, com. Sept. 13, 1863. Major. Wm. H. Watson, com. Sept. 19. 1862. Adjutant. Harvey S. Buck, com. Sept. 19, 1862. Quartermaster . Delos Allen, com. Aug. 25, 1862. Surgeons. Thos. Monroe. Reuben Woods, 1st Asst. com. O 1. 10, 1862. George A. Byrns, 2d, Asst. com. Nov. 14, 1863. Chaplain. Chas. S. Callihan, com. Oct. 10, 1863. Company A. Captain . Hugo Hollan, com. Oct. 7, 1862. Lieutenants. Sylvester T. Worley. 1st, com. Oct. 7, 1862. Harmon B. Hubbard, 2d, com. Oct. 7, 1862. 380 ADAMS COUNTY WAR RECORD. Sergeants. Geo. Weddenhammer, lst,e Aug. 1, 1862, sergt. wd. Charles R. Watt, e Aug. 1, 1862, pro. 1st Sergt. then 1st Lieut. Jno Ware, e Aug. 9. 1862, pro. 2nd Lieut. A. Madson, e Aug. 13, 1862, disd. April 15, '63, disab. Corporals. Jno. H. Cook e Aug. 14, '62, m o June 7, '65, sergt. Henry R.Wilson, e Aug. 9, '62, m o Aug. 26, '65, sergt. Daniel H. Darby, m o July 8, 1865. priva'e. Thos. Watson, e Aug. 9, '62. died Apr.l 10, '65, wds. Chas. Bimpson e Aug. 13, 1862, m o May 18, 1865. Norman Gay, e Aug.14, '62. died at Quincv.Oct. 6, '63. Wm. Davie, e Aug. 13, 1862, reduced 10 rank, trans. V. R. C, Feb. 11, 1864. Edward Evans, e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1863. Privates. Austin Moses, e Aug. 11, 1863, wd. m o Aug. 26, 1865, sergt. com . 2d Lieut. Anderson Jno. T. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o Aug. 26. 1865. Assabrok Louis, e Aug 20, 1863, detached at m o. Ahern Jno. e Aug. 1, 1862, absent, sick at m o. Bamburg A. H. e Aug. 3, 1862, trans. V. R. C. April 1, 1865. Been A. G e Aug. 9, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. sergt. Belts Jas. A. e Aug. 11, 1862, mo Aug. 19, 1865. Benevitz Fred. A. e Ang. 4, 1863, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Boat Ira, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Bobel Phil, e Aug. 4, '62. trans. V. R. C. Feb. 11, '64. Burleigh Jno. Q. e Aug. 9,'62. m o May 25, 1865. wd. Burke Josiah, e Aug. 9, 1862, m o Aug. 18, 1865, corpl. wd. Chase Chas. e Aug. 9, 1862, m o Aug 26. 1865, sergt. Cross Henry, e Aug. 12, 1862. m o Aug. 26, '65, corpl. Dorman Henry D. e Aug. 2, 1862. Dalton Jas. e Aug. 10, 1863, m o May 10, 1865. Darby Nathan N. e Aug. 7, 1862, desrtd. Nov. 3, '62. Deadrich C. e Aug. 1 <. 1862, m o May 27. 1865, disab. Frost L. e Aug. 8, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865; Frost O. e Aug. 8. 1862. m o Aug. 26, 1865, corpl. Graham Wm. e Aug. 8, 1862, died St. Louis, March 35, 1865. Gibbs Jno. C. e Aug. 11, '63. disd. May 30, '63. disab. Grieser Chri<. e Aug. 12, 1863, m o Aug 19, 1865 .Geisel J. e Aug. 8, 1863, trans. V. R. C. April 3. 1864. Haskins R. e Aug. 22, 1862, died at Jackson, Tenn. Dec. 6. 1862. Reauey Ed. e Aug 11, 1862, m o Aug. 26. 1865. Heine Fred, e Aug. 13. 1862. disd. Jan. 6. '65, disab. Hendrickson O. e Aug.9. 1862, m o July 29. 1865, wd. Herons Sam. e Aug. 18, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Hubbard Ed. e Aug. 9, 1862, died at New Orleans, April 24, 1865, wds. Huston J. D. e Aug. 14, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Knight Robt. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 19, 1865. Leslie Jno. N. e Aug. 12. 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Mast A. e Aug. 21, 1862, disd. March 30, 1863, disab. McGibbons G. e Aug. 11,'63, disd. Dec. 22, '64,disab. McGlbbons Jacob, e Aug. 9. 1862, died at Anderson ville, Oct. 2. 1861. No. of grave. 11.623. Mclndley Jno. W. e Aug. 19, 186i, detached at m o. Mclntyre, Jno. e Aug. 13, 1862, kid. at Pleasant Hill, La. April 9, 1864. Mittemyer Henry, e Aug. 1, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Myand Phil, e Aug. 9, 1862, m o Aug. 26. 1865. Mennier S. R. e Aug. 13,'63, disd. April 5, '63. disab. Mitchell J. W. e Aug. 11, 1863, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Mitchell Jno. e Aug. 11 . 1862. m o Aug. 26, 1865. Myar Jno. e Aug. 15, 1862, kid. at Fort Blakely, Ala. April 9, 1865. McClennand R. e Aug, 11.'62, m o Aug.l0.1865,sergt. Neal Jno. J. e Aug. 9. 1862. m o Aug. 19, 1865. Pester Thos. e Aug. 21. 1863, m o Aug. 18, 1865. Poling Jno. e Aug. 14, 1862, m o Aug. 19, 1865. Shrobe Jno. H. e Aug. 22, 1862. died Jefferson Bar racks. Mo. Aug. 22, 1864, wds. Scranton Geo. T. e Aug. 12. 1862, m o Aug. 10, 1865. Shaffer Robt. M. e Aug. 9. 1862, m o Aug. 10. 1865. Shrobe Wm. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Aug. 26. 1865. Stork Fred, e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Srleram Jno. e Aug. 1, 1862. Taylor Thos. e Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. Nov. 28, 1863. Thompson D. e Aug. 11, 1862, died at Mendon, Oct. 25, 1864 Turner E. B. e Aug. 13. 1862, m o Aug. 26, '65, sergt. Tropp Antone, e Aug. 14, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Watson A. e Aug. 12. 1862, m o Aug. 10, 1865. Weed Nelson B. e Aug. 12, 1865, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Widenhammer Chas. e Aug. 15, 1862, m o Aug. 10, 1865, corpl. Widenhammer D. e Aug. 12. 1862, m o Aug. 19, 1865. Wilson Dan. H. e Aug. 9, '62, m o Ang. 26, '65, corpl. Williamson C. e Aug. 9, 1862, trai s. to Co. D. Recruits. Cochran Alex e Jan. 13, 1864. m o Aug. 35. '65 corpl. Cartman Barney, e Jan. 4, 1864, m o Aug. 36, 1865. Nagle Adam W. <• Dec 14, 1863, m o June 32, 1865. Rockwell Chas. H. e Jan. 4, 1864, died at Vicksburg, Mav 38. 1864. Slater Isaac, e Oct. 20, 1862. Winn Jno. B. e Jan. 3, 1864, m o Aug. 36, 1865. Company G. Captain. l'ayton C. Smith, com. Oct. 7, 1863. Lieutenants. Kdward Corey, 1st, com. Oct. 7, 1862. Livingston S. Denn's, 2d, com. Oct. 7, 1862, Sergeants. .Vinos Ferrel, 1st, e Aug. 9, 1862, com. 2d Lieut. died at Cairo, Oct. 9, 1863. Jno. P. Smith, e Aug. 12, 1862, 1st. sergt. trans, to V. R. C. May 31, 1864. Leonids s P. Conover. e Aug. 15, '62, reduced to rank, returned to 31st Mo. Inf. as desrtd. 1863. Wm Denny, e Aug. 17, 1863. desrtd. Oct. 30, 863. Phillip Ensmingler, e Aug. 15, 1863. pro. 1 t. sei-gt, 1st. Lieut, and Capt. Corporals. Wm. H. Mills, e Ang. 12, 1862, desrtd. Oct. 20, 1862. N.cholas J. Moss, e Aug. 9, 1862, pro. sergt, then 1st. Lieut. Geo. W. Adams, e Aug. 12, 1862, prisr. derrtd. Jan. 15, 1863. Robt. Pinick, e Aug. 11, 1862, died Alexandria, La. March 20, 1864. , Chas. stone, e Aug. 13, '62, died Simmspoit, La. Hay 19, 1864, wounds. Jesse R. York, e Aug. 11,'62, m o Aug.26,'65.private. Bennett Bolt, e Aug. 12, '62, m o May 18, '65,prlvate. C . Atkinson, e Aug. 15, '62, disd. May 22, '68, disab, Musicians. Henry Weaver, e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Thad. Conorcs, e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Privates. , Arnold Aaron, e Aug. 9( 1862, desrtd. Oct. 26, 1862. Adams W. A. e Aug. 12,'62, prisr. desrtd. Jan.15,'63. Abney L. I. e Aug. 15, '62. disd. Dec. 5 '62, disab. Bolt C Aug. 12. 62, died Memphis. Feb. 28. '64 Bustow Wm. W. e Ang.13, '62.dlsd.Nov.V64,disab. Bragg M. e Aug. 12, 1862, desrtd. Oct. 30, 1862. Bustow Geo. I. eAug. Ii, '62, m o Aug. 26, '65, corpl. Boice W. e Aug. 20, 1862, prisr. desrtd. April 2. '63, Bolce A. e Aug. 20, '68, died MemphiB, July 10, 1864. Bryant J. e Aug. 20, 1862 desrtd. Sept. 10. 1861. Crane Jno. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o Aug. 21, 1865. Clark Wm. e Aug. 12, '62, sergt. died Lima, 111. Oct. 27, 1864. Ciark H. D. e Aug, 13,'62. died Lima, 111. July 24, '64. Clapper N. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Orame E. o Aug. 11, 1862. m o July 31, 1865, corpl. > Clapper Jas. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o Aug. 26, '65, corpl. Dunn Chas. e Aug. 13, 1862, desrtd. 1863. Dearwester Jas. e Aug. 11, 1862, prisr. desrtd. Jan, 15, 1863. Dale Jno. e Aug. 9, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Ehler Frank, e Aug. 11, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Garrett Thos. eAug. 6, 1863, die! Quincy, Dec. 8, 1864, wounds. Hess Jacob, e Aug. 12, '62, trans. V. R. C. Dec. '64. Hopper Jas. G. e Aug. 11, '62. drowned May 19, '68. Heingie Jno. G. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26. 1865. Ireland Jos. e Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Feb. 2, '65, disab. Jackson Jno. e Aug. 15.'62,trans. V. R. C. May 81,'64, Keith Adam, e Aue. 7, 1863, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Mobley Thos. e Aug. 15, 1862, desrtd. Nov. 8, 1862. ADAMS COUNTY WAE EECOED. 381 McCreary Jas. e Aug. 12, '62, disd.May 21, '63, disab. prisoner. Polite Jno. M. e Aug. 13, 1863, desrtd. Oct. 26, 1863. PruCtor J. M. e Aug. 12,"'62, died Memphis,Jan.2,'64. PenickD.e Ang. 12, 1862, disd. Jan. 21, 1865, disab. Penick F.M. e Ang. 20, '62, died Memphis. July 16,64. Penick Wm. L. e Aug. 13, disd. May 10, 1863, disab. prisoner. Rust Henry, e Aug. 12, desrtd. Dec. 1862. Stranbnrry Ed. e Aug. 12, '62, disd. Mch. 7,'65,disab. Schneider T. J. e Aug. 12, 1862, corpl. died hOBpital boat, April, 1864. Stearns J. A. e Aug. 13, '62, disd. Jan. 30, '63, disab. prisoner. Stewart Abihu, e Aug. 13, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Simon Aug. e Aug. 11, 1862, m o Aug. 21, 1865. Shlpe Isaac, e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865, 1st sergt. com. 2d Lieut. Wilson M. L. e Aug. 20, '62, m o Aug. 26, '65, corpl. Wright Wm. E. e Aug. 11,'62, m o Aug. 26,'65. sergt. Workman Jesse, e Aug. 11,'62, m o Aug.26,'65, corpl. Wright Jno. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Ang. 26, '65, sergt. Recruits . BriBtow J. A. e March 3, 1865, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Bristow Valentine, e M arch 3, '65, m o Aug. 26, '65. Fletcher Joel, e Feb. 3, 1865, m o Ang. 26, 1865. Penick Wm. L. e Feb. 14, 1864, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Vance Wm. e March 10, 1865, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Company H. Recruits. Horehead Wm. e Oct. 12, 1862, disd. March 1, 1862. Company I. Captain. Jno. T. May, com. Oct. 7, 1862. ' Lieutenants. Irwin W. Anderson, 1st, com. Oct. 7, 1862. Rob't A. Ellis, 24, com. Oct. 7, 1862. Sergeants. Jesse D. Wood, 1st, e Ang. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865, com. 2d Lieut. Jno. L. Hopper, e Aug. 12,'62, disd. May26,'63,disab. Jas. M. Eeagh, e Aug. 12, '62, trans. Invalid Corps, May 31, 1864. Zechanah Bennett, e Aug. 12, 1862, m o July 3, 1865. Jas. C. Long, e Ang. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Corporals. John Lyle, Aug. 12, '62, disd. June 19, 1863, private, disab. McHenry Long, e Aug. 12, '62, private to I. C, Jan. 15, 1864. Walter Sergent, e Aug. 12. 1862, m o June 10, 1865. Jno. S. Huddleston, e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865, private. Privates. Albus Libby, e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Ansmus C. A. e Aug. 12,'62,died Memphis,July 2,64. Ansmus Wm. H. e Aug. 12, 1862, prisr. May 18, 1864. Burke Jas. F. e Aug. 12, '62. m o Aug. 26, '65, corpl. Blower Elijah, e Aug. 12, '62, m o Aug. 21, 1865. Ehmen Jno. eAug. 11, 1862, Quincy, Nov. 12, 1864. Fana Jno. e Aug. 12, 1862, desrid. April 12. 1868. Groves Jno. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 21, 1865. GUI Wm. W. e Aug. 12, 1862, trans. Invalid Corps. Feb. 15, 1864. Groves Jas. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Graham Fleming M. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26,'65. . Orlfflth Robt. E. e Aug. 12. 1862. m o Ang. 2a, 1865. Hopper Pirchney, e Aug. 12, 1862, m o June 22, 1865. Hopper G. e Aug. 12, '62, trans.inv.corps, Feb.16,'64. Hudaleston R. S. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, '65. Huddleston P. S. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Huddleston R. e Aug. 12, '62, died Cairo, Sept.12,'64. Hunkey Wm. e Ang. 12, '62, absent since Jnne23,'64. Jefferson Jos. e Aug. 1SS, 1862, corpl. sick at m o. Jefferson Jas. T. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 27, 1865. Kindred H. e Aug. 12,'62, trans.inv.corps, July 1,'64. Lnwler Jas. B. e Aug. 12, 1862, died at Jackson, Tenn. Maichlfl, 1861. Millen Chas. e Aug. 12,1862, m o Aug. 26,1865, corpl. McGlbbens F. e Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to Co. A. Euarch Irvln S. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Raynor s. e Ang. 12,'62, trans.inv. corps, Jan. 15,'64. Ranshaw Wm. M. eAug. 12, 1862, trans, inv. corps, Feb. 15, 1864. Renshaw Milas J. e Ang. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Stevens Johnson, e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Wilson Geo. e Aug. 1 , 1862, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Wallace C. I. e Aug. 12, 1862, disd. April 7,'63, disab. Wilson J. G. e Aug. 12,'62, absent since June 33, '64. Wells John E. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Aug. 21, 1885. Wallace Salem, e Ang.12,1862, corpl. died at Clayton, May 4, 1865. Webster Jas. e Aug. 12, 1862, m o Ang. 26, 1865. Recruits. Kneft H. Adrlson, e Oct. 23, 1862, died at i.uincy, Jan. 12, 1865. Winscott Jas. e Oct. 31, 1862, disd. Dec. 1, 1862. Company K. Privates . Leslie Wm. e Aug. 20, 1862, trans, to Co. A. Most John, e Aug. 20, 1B62, trans, to Co. A. McCord Sterling, e Aug. 20, 1862, trans, to Co. G. Morley Hiram, e Aug. 20, 1862, trans, to Co. G . Rust Sam. e Aug. 20, 1862, trans, to Co, G Thenhaus Chas. e Aug. 2fl, 1862, trans. Co. A. Veith Chas. E. e Ang. 20, 1862, trans, to Co. E. Recruits . Allison John J. e Jan. 5, 1864, m o Aug. 26, 1865. Eastwood Jas. H. e Jan. 6, 1865, representative re cruit, absent sick at m o. TJnassigned Recruit. Chapman Jas. M. e Jan. 13, 1864, died at Camp But ler, 111. Feb. 1, 1864. 133d Infantry. Company G. Privates. Chapman A. e Aug. 14, '62, disd. April 11, '63, disab. Blliot W. G. e Aug. 14, '62, disd. Jan. 23, '63, disab. Swope Jas. e Aug. 14, 1862, corpl. kid. Farmington, Tenn. Oct. 7, 1863. Company H. Privates. Campbell John O. e Aug. 1, 1862, missing in action at Chaplain Hills, Oct. 8, 1862. Kelm John, e Ang. 1, 1862, missing in action at Chaplain Hills, Oct. 8, 1862. Wilkins J. A. or E. e Aug. 1, 1862, m o June 25, 1865. 124th Infantry. Company C. Private. Downes H. H, e Ang. 1, 1862, died at Vicksburg, Sept. 26, 1864. Company 1. Captain. Thcs. K. Roach, com. Sept. 10, 1862, Lieutenants. Richard L. Howard, 1st, com. Sept. 10, 1862. Benj. A. Griffith, 2d, com. Sept. 10, 1862. Jos. Lyon, 1st, e Aug. 15, 1862, trans. V. R. ('. Feb. 11, 1864, m o June 25. 1865. Elijah Borton, e Aug. 12. 1862, pro. 1st Lieu'. Adol bus B. Kelly, e Aug. 15, 1862, reduced ranks, disd. for pro. July 17, 1863. Corporals T H. Beasley, e Aug. 1!*, 1862, m o Aug.15,'65. sergt. Dexter Mllloy. e Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Feb. 25, 1864, private, disab. 382 ADAMS COUNTY WAR EECOED. Privates. Butz Alb. G. e Aug.' 22, 1862. died at Vicksburg, June 29, 1863. Carlyle Wm. e Aug. 13, 1862, m o Aug. 15, 1865. Colwell G. Miles, e Aug. 14. 1862, m o Aug. 15, 1865. Edwards Jabez, e Aug. 14, 1862, m o June 15, 1865. Furgnson Henry C. e Aug. 22, kid. Champion Hills May 16, 1863. Harris Jas. F. e Aug. 33, 1862, m o Aug. 15, 1865. Huguee Isaac R. e a ug. 14, 1862. m o July 5,'65,sergt. Lyon E. G. e Aug. 22, 1862, disd. Nov. 16. 1862, disab. McMuller Pat, e Aug. 14, 1862, desitd. Feb. 11. 1863. Palock S. e Aug. 12, 1862, trans. V.R.C. March 15, '64. Petersoa Geo. H. e Aug. 14, 1862, m o Aug. 15, 1865. Snow Luke, e Aug. 22. 1862. m o Aug. 15, 1865. Thomas Thompson, e Aug. 33.1863, died at St.Louis. July 30, 1863, wounds. Recruits. Gilbert Jas. R. e Feb. 15, 1865, trans. 33 111. Inf. Gilbert Geo. G. e Jan. 4, 1864, trans. 33 111. Inf. Company It. TJnassigned Recruit. Sill Andrew, e Dec. 4, 1861. 135th Infantry. Company I. Recruit. Tansey V. G. e Feb. 23, '64, disd. Feb. 20, '65, diBab. 133d Infantry (lOOday service). Company A. Brooker O. W. e May 9, 1864, m o Sept 24, 1864. Brougham Henry, e May 24, 1864, m o Sept. 24, 1864. 1 34th Infantry(100 day service). Company K. Geo. A. Dills e May 2, 1864, m o Oct. 25, 1864. 137th Infantry. The 137th Infantry Illinois Volunteers, was organ ized at Camp Wood, Quincy, Ills., by Col. John Wood, and was mustered in June 5tb. 1864, for 100 days. On June 9, 1864, it left Quincy, aud proceeded to Memphis, Tenn., when it was assigned to Fourch Brigade, District oi Memphis, Col. E. L Baltwick, 39th Wisconsin, commanding. On July 9, assigned to Third Brigade, Col. John Wood commanding, and was stationed on the Hernando Road on picket duty. The Regiment was mustered out of U. S. ser vice at SpringUeld, 111., Sept. 4, 1864. 137th Infantry(100 day service). Colonel. Jno. Wood, com. June 5, 1864, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Lieutenant Colonel. Thos. R. Roach, com. June 5, '64, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Hendrick E . Paine, com. June 5, '64, m o Sept. 24, '64. jidjutant. K. W. Baker, com. June 5, '64, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Surgeon. W. A. Huston, com. Jane 5, '64, died June 25, 1864. Chaplain. Hiram P. Roberts, com. June 5, '64, m o Sept. 24, '64. Sergeant Major. Palmer H. Hughson, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Quartermaster Sergeant. Henry C. Williams, m o Sept. 24, 1864, prisr. Hospital Steward. Peter F. Felt, m o June 3, 1864, prisr. Musician. Jas. W. Stabie, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Captain. Henry A. Castle, com. June 5, '61, m o Sept. 24, '64. Lieutenants. Geo M. Roberts, 1st, com. June 5, '64, m o Sept.24,'64. Ed.S. Francis, 2d,com. June 5, '64, m o Sept.24, 1834. Company A. Sergeants . Sam. H. Bradly,'lBt, e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Edward M. Wooters, e May 10, '61, m o Sept. 24, '64. Corporals. P.L.Schmidd, e May 10, '64, m oSept. '64, 24,private. Wm. H. Johnson, e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Dudly B. Cooke, e May 10, 1864, m o Sept. 24, '64. Geo. Bond, Jr. e May 10, '64, sergt. Aug. 23, '64, died wds. Musicians. Rankin W. Castle, e May 10, 1864, m o Sept. 24, '64. Jas. W. Stobie, e May 10 '64, pro. prln. music. Privates Adams Jas. E. e May 10, 1864, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Anderson Merah T. e May 10, '64, m o Sept.. 24, 1864. Brown Chas. N. e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Biert Chas. F. e May 10, 1864, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Baker D. B ron, e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 24, 18o4. Bancroft H. L. e May 10, '64, m o May 21, '65, corpl. prisr. Brown Thos. J. e May 10, '64, m o Sept 24, 1864. Brown Ed. S. e May 10, '64 Sept. 24, 1864. Chapman M e May 10, '64, died at Cairo, Sept. 12, '64. Basterday C B e May 10, '64, m o June 7, '65, prisr. Furgeson Wm. H. e May 10, '64. m o Sept. 24, 1864. Griswold Eugene, e May 10, 1864, m o Sept. 34, 1864. Hees Apollas, e May 10, 1864, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Homan Wm. A. e May 10, 1864, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Johnson Wm. T. C. e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 34, 1864. Jamison Paul H. e May 10, 1864, m o Sept. 34, 1864. Keath Wm. T. e May 1U, 1864, ra o Sept. 24, 1864, wd. Konantz Frank E. e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 3t, 1864, Leacock Wm. A. e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 21, 1864. Miller Wm. L. e May 10, 1864, m <> Sepi. 24, 1864. Montgomery Chas. H. e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 24, '64. Nutt Walt. J. e May 10, 1864, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Piatt Luther H. e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Pool Chas. W. e May 10, 1861, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Pope Chas. A. e May 10, '64, prison of war at m o. Hitney Aluert L. e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Patterson D. A. e May 10, '64, pris. of war at m o. Schwabel Bd. e May 10, '64, m o May 21, '65, prisoner. Trowbridge ChaB. H. e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 24, '64. Tandy W. H. Jr„ e May 10, 1864, killed at Memphis, Aug. 21, 1864. Tibbetts Lowell M. e May 10, 1864.m o Sept. 24, 1864, VandeveerC. T. e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 24, '64, corpl. Whitney Chas. J. e »iay 10, '64, m o Sept. 24, *64. Westgate Henry, e May 10, 1864, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Wayne Wm. J. e May 10, 'b4, m o Sept. 24, '64, corpl. Wayne Alex. C. e May 10, 1864, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Williams Henry C. eMay 10, '64, trans, to Co. D. Worman Geo. e May 10, *64, prison of war at m o. Worman Amos, e May 10, '61, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Watson Geo. D. e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 24, 1864. Watson Andrew, e May 10, '64, m o Sept. 34, 1864. Recruits. Cunningham J. M. e June 6, '64, m o Sept. 24, 3164. Oabe Henry, m o Sept. 34, 1864. J0GW7;t. Quartermaster. J. N. Wilks, e Aug. 5,'61,died Island 10, Sept.29,'62. Sergeants. W. H. Burke, e Ang. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864. D. D. Hill.e Aui. 5, 1861. Jno. Clayton, e Aug. 5, 1861, pro. 3d Lieut. Corporals. Obadiah Spenre, e Aug. 5 '61, m o Aug. 11,'64, sergt. Frank Turner, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 11, '64. sergt. Jno. Watson, e Ang. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864,sergt. J. C. Cox, e Aug. 5, 1861. m o Ang. 11, 1864, sergt. W. G. Gilpin, Aug. 5, '61, died Island 10. Sept.24,'62. Benj. H-. Pnillips, e Ang. 5,1861, disd. Dec. 20, 1862. Warner D. Elliot, e Aug. 5. 1861, died Ft. Holt, Ky. Dec. 4,1861. Buglers. Frances C. Weaver, e Ang. 5, 1S61. Chas. Craine, e Ang. 5, 1861. Farrier. Maurice Bywater, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 26, 1864. Blacksmith. Jas. Kingharn, e Aug. 5, 1861, disd. Feb. 14, 1862. Saddler. M. B. Crandall, e Aug. 5,1861,m o Aug.ll, '64,private. Wagoner. W. B. Hoyt, e Aug. 5, 1861, disd. Aug. 11, 1862. Privates. BarrBrenn ima",e Aij. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864. Bywater Geo. e Aue. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864. Bimpson Benj. e Aug. 5. 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864. Browning Jeremiah, e Aug. 5, 1861, disd. Sept. 5, '62. Brooks Jno. F. e Ang. 5, 1861. Boone S.W.e Aug.5,61,diea Mound City,IU.Nov.3'61. Barnctt Wm. e Aug. 5, '61, disd. Sept. ft,'63, disab. Bell W. e Aug. 5, '61, re-e trans. Co. E. consolidated. Berrian J. T. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 11, '64, corpl. Childs T. D. e Aug. 5, 1861. Chase W. J. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 22, 1364, corpl. Carter Martin, e Aug. 5, 1861, re-e vet. irans. Co. E, consolidated. Cramer ired, e Aug. 5, '61, m o Aug. 11, '64,bngler. Crawford W. H. e Aug. 5, '61, disd. Feb. 24, 1862. Davis I. M. e Aug. 5. 1861, disd. Feb. 24, 1862 Dawson B. a. e Ang. 5, 1861, disd. Sept 19, 186!. Douglas Jno. F. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864, Douglas Jos. F. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864. Easum C. W. e Aug. 4, 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864. Farlow Geo. eAug. 5. 1S61, disd. May 11, 1862. Floyd G. F. e Aug. 5, 1861. m o Aug. 11, 1864. Garrett R. S. e Aug. 5, 1861, k d.lsland l0,Oct.17,'62. Green Wm. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 11, '64, corpl. Gibbs J. F. e Aug. 5, 1861, died. May 5. 1862. Henderson J. B. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1861. Hicks F. M. e Aug. 5, 1861, disd. Feb.24, 1862. HowanJ. S. eAug. 5, 1861, mo Aug. 11,1864. Harbison Rob't, e Aug. 5. 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864. Johnson J. P. e Aug. 5. 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864. Eamp T. J. e Aug. 5. 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864, corpl. Kemp Jas. e Aug. 5, 1861. m o Aug. 11, 1864. Kendall R. P. e Aug. 5, 1861. Kimball H. M. e Aug. 5, 1861. m o Ang. 11, 1864. Lindsay C. G. e Aug. 5, 1661. disd. May 23, 1863. Lindsay Llewelljn, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864. Lewis Thos. e Aug. 5, 1861, died Andersonville, Aug. 20, 1864, No. grave 6,238. Moore Frank T. e Aug. 5, 1861, pro. 2d Lieut. Mi' thews J. W. e Aug. 5. 1861. m o Aug.ll. '64,corpl. Morrow H. C. e Aug. 5, 1861. disd.April ll,'61,disiib. McMurray W.F.e Aug. 5. 1861, m o Aug. 11. '64, s, rgt. Pierce Jno. e Aug.5,1861. m o Aug.ll.'64. lacksmith. Paris W. H. e Aug. 5. 1861, ie-e vet. m o June 24'65, 1st sergt. Peabody J. L. e Aug. 5. 1861, m o Aug. 11, 64, sergt. Patton J. D. e Aug. 5, '61, re-e vet. traus.t'o.E.couBol. Philips H. F. e Aug. 5, 1861, disd. April 26, 1862. Ralph O. J. e Aug. 5, '61, ro-e vet. 'rans.Co.E.consol. Swase D. W. e Ang. 5, '61, m o Ang. 11, 1864. Selden Gideon, e Ang. 5. 1861. disd. Jan. 16, 1863- Stowe H. H. e Aug. 5, 1861, disd. Sept. 5, 1862. Spence Jos. e Aug. 5, 1861. m o Aug. 11, 1864. Temple W. W. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Ang. 11. 1864. Triplet A. J. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864. Woodruff f . T. e Aug. 5. m o Aug. 11, 18i4 Welch R. G. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Ang. 11, 1864. Wilcox >'.Q. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Aug. 11, 1864. Welsh B. H. e Aug. 6, 1861, disd. Oct. 4, 1861. Woodman D. W. e Aug. 5, 1861,trans.Invalid Cim. Feb. 26, 1864. Wren W. W. eAug. 5, 1861, di d. Nov. 25, 186!. Wilcox W. A. e Aug. 5. '61. k d.lsland 10 Oct.17,'62. Wright T. E. e Aug. 5, 1861, disd. June 30, 1862. Recruits. Austin fioses, e Nov. 9 '61, trans. Co. G. 1st HI. Cav. Bywater Geo. e Sept. 28 1864. sub. m o July 14, '65. Bywater Jno. e Aug. 16, 1862, ra o June 13,'65.corpl. Benfleld Geo. e Nov. 11, '63, ve'. trans. Co. E, consol. Clark Lay O. e Dec. 1, 64, vet. trans. Co. E. consol. EdleBtine E. J. e Feb. 11. '62, m o Jan. 12, 1865. Elwood Jno. e Nov. 12, 1863, trans. Co. E, consol. Frazell S. H. e Aug. 7. 1862, m o Jan. 12. 1865. Gibbs Jas, F. e Ja . 4, 18*1, trans. Co. E. consol. GuBseman T J. e Feb. 23,'6i, trans. Co. E. cjnsol. Graff D. W. e Aug. 14, 1862, m o Jan. 12, 1865. Hubbard H. R. e Nov. 9,'61, trans. Co. G.let Ill.Cav. Howard R. e Feb. 23, 1864, trans. Co. E, consol. Knight C. A e Jan. 13, 186!, died Quincy, Sept. 29, 1862, accidental won ds. Lee Wm. e Nov. 11, 1863, t'ans. Cj. E. consol. Miller Harvey, e Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Dec. 16. 1864. Nelson S. S. e Dec. 1, 1864, m o June 22, 1865 Rainwater Jacob, e Jan. 4. 1864 m o May 17, 1865. Stephens Aug. e Aug. 21, 1861, disd. Oct. 3, 1861. Spence vf e July 7, '62, uied at Baton Rouge, June 6, 1864. Spence R. U.e Jan. 4. '61. died Baton Rouge. Julv 14. '64. Shank C. C. m o June 12, 1865 Sneed J. S. e Feb. 24, 1864, t-ans. t-> Co. E. cons. Thompson Jno. e Jan. 14, 1864, trans, to Co. E. cons. Thornton J. T. e m o June 12, 1865. Company Iff. TJnassigned Recruits. Carter Jas. e Dec. 10, 1864, desrtd. Carter G. H. e Jan. 13, 1864, desnd. Downey Jas. e Dae. 6, 1864. Glass Jno. e De . 10, 1864. desrtd. Hobbs M. L. e Nov. 11, 1863, disd. Dec. 9, 1863 Quinn Ed. e Dec. 6, 1864. Randolph Kd. e Aug. 18, 1864. Seemly J. R. e Feb. 23, 1864. 3d Cavalry. Major. T. W.McFall, com. Sept. 26, '62, resigned Oct. 15, '62. Company F. Captains. T.W.McFall, com. Sept. 2 , '61, resigned June 2l,'62. W. S. Lee. com. June 21. 1861, died Aug. 31, 1863. Jas. W. Lay, com. Aug.31,'63, term expd Sept. 5, '64. Lieutenants. W. S. Lee, 1st, com. Sept. 21. 1861, pro. Jas. W. Lay, 1st, com. Jan. 31, 1862. pro. F. W. Deckhnt, 1st, com. Aug. 31, '63, term expired Sept. 5, 1864. ADAMS COUNTY WAR RECORD. 389 Jno.Hendrickson, 21,com.Dec23, '61,diedJan.l7, "62. F. W. Deckhut, 2d, com. June al, 1862, pro. J. W. Lay, 3d, com. Jan. 17, 1862, pro. Quartermaster Sergeant. Jos. Little, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Sergeants. J. W.Young, 1st, e Aug. 5,'61, diad.Mar.22, '63, disab- J. J. Koetzle, e Aug. 5, '61, died. July 16, '62, disab- J. W. Lay, e Ang. 5, 1861, pro. Wm. Hebblewait, e Ang. 5, '61, prisr. m o July 16,'65. Jno. McLaughlin, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864 Corporals. J.A.Meyer, e Ang.5, '61. died, Memphis, Sept. 27,'62. F. W. Spezer, e Aug. 5. '61, d'sd. Feb. 5, 1863, disab- Aug. Miese, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Andrew Smith, e Atts". 5, 1861, desrtd. P.Lovejoy, e Aug. 5, '61, died at Memphis. Aug.9, '62. Ed. Tncket, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864, sergt. Jacob Denibliss, e Aug. 5. 1861, re-e as vet. trans, to Co. B., cons. Dudley Payne, e Aug. 5. 1861, m o Sept. 5, '64,jsergt. Buglers. C. B. Bennett, e Aug. 5, 1861, dishon. disd. C.Howard, e Aug. 5, '61, kid. atMemphis,Aug.21,'64. Farrier. Robt. Dawson, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Blacksmith. Asbury Tout, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Saddler. C.Mearman, e Aug.5, '61, died at St.Louis,May 3, '63. Wagoner. Hiram Shoemaker, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Privates. Ainsworth,.Jas. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Adrain J. ti. e Ang. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5. 1864. Ahern Ed. e Aug. 5, 1861. m o Sept. 5, 1864. Abingdon H. e Aug. 5, '61, disd. May 21, 1862, disab. Beckman, Jos. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Briedle Cnris, e Aug. 5, 1861, disd. May 16. '62, disab. Burke Jno. e Aug. 5, 1861, diBd. May 21, 1862, disab. Beair Jacob, e Aug. 5, 1861. disd. Dec. 5, 1862. Bruning Wm. e Aug. 5, '62, died at Helena, Ark., Aug. 13, 1862. Bell Jas. e Aug. 5, 1861, desrtd. Dec. 17, 1861. Bu-kley B=nj. e Aug. 5, 1861, disd. May 9, '62, disab. Cortley Green, e Aug. 5, 1861, desr-d. Dec, 17, 1861. Curtiss Leverett, e Aug. 5. '61. m o Sept. 5, '64, corpl. Conley ThoB. e Aug. 5, 1861, kid. action at-Mt. Pleas ant, Miss., Aug. 27, 1863. Cunningham J. W. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Carlock J. A. e Aug. 5, 1861. m o Sept. 5, 1864. Conley Felix, e Aug. 5, 1861, re-e as vet. trans, to Co. B. cons. Deckncker J. C. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Elderbrock Hermon. e Aug. 5, '61, mo Sept. 5, 1864. Farrell J.e Aug.5, '61, dieS at Helena. Ark.Sept.21,'62. Fleer G. e Aug. 5, '61, re-e as vet.trans. to Co.B.cons. Fletwan Fied, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Hendrickson Jno. e Aug. 5. 1861, pro. 2d Lieut. Hilerman J. e. Aug. 5, 1861, kid. at Okolona, Miss., Feb. 22, 1864. Hurd J. B. e Aug. 5, 1861, re-e as vet. trans, to Co. B. cons, corpl. Hemdon T. e Aug. 5, '61, died at Helena, Dec. 5, 62. Hamet Chas. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. JackBon G. W.e Aug.5,'61, re-e vet.trans. Co.B.cons. Kearney B. B. e Aug. 5, 1861, disd. for disab. Knhn Gotiieb, e Aug 5, 1861, disd. May 18, 1863. Knhn Chas. e Aug. 5, '61, died Helena Aug. 7, 1863. Kersick Hermon, e Aug. 5, '61, m o Sept.5.'64. corpl. Magle or Nagle A. W. e Aug. 5, 1861, disd. May 18, 1863, disab. . , Marshall G. e Aug. 5,'61, died St. Louis, Dec. 22,'61. Moore John, e Aug. 5, '61, disd. Nov. 1, 1862, disab. Muntag Adolph,e Aug. 5, 1851, dishon. disd. Miley P. J. e Aug. 5. 1861, died St. Louis, Dec. 11,'61. Moore Mat. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Nicholson T. M. e Aug. 5, 1861, disd. for disab. Neidermark Fred, e Aug. 5, 1861. m o Sept. E, 1864. Patterson John, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Raleigh R. W. e Aug. 5. '61, died Helena, Aug.17,'62 Richards J. P. e Aug. 5. 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Runyan Sam. e Aug. 5, 1861, desrtd. Dec. 8, 1861. Roland Chris, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o S^pt. 5, 1864. Rankohl Hen. Aug. 5, 1861. m o Sept. 5, 1864. Rankin Sam. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Robertson B. E. e Aug. 5,'61, disd. Dec. 12,'62,disab. Rankin T. G. e Aug, 6, 1861, kid. at Germantown, Tenn. May 9, 1864. Riley Owen, e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Saddler Wm. e Aug. 5, 1861, disd. Mayl8,'62, disab. Sampler J. W. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Staircliff Thos. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 6, 1864. Scott W. J. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864 corpl. Sealman Hen. e Aug. 5, 1861, m o Sept. 6, 1864. Thompson C. C. e Aug. 5, 1864, trans. Co. H. Uecke Wm. e Aug 5 1861, m o Sept. 5. 1864. Wise Ed. e Aug. 5, 1861, desrtd. June 24, 1863. Wise Chris, e Aug. 5, 1861, oisd. July 16, '62, alsab Whaler Pat. e Aug. 5, 1861, dishon. disd. Recruits. Deckhut F. W. e Sept. 21, 1861, pro. 2d Lieut. Emery Perry, e Oci. 9, 186 ¦', trans. Co. B. consol. Hersman Jos. e Sept. 21, 1861, m o Sept. 5, 1864. Whitlock H. C. e March 28, 1864, trans. Co. B. Company G. Recruits. Anderson J. B. e Jan. 26, '64, trans. Co. C. eonspl. Ausman J. P. e Jan. 26, 1864, trans. Co. C. consol. Babb J. T. e Jan. 26, 1864, trans. Co. C. consol. Hatton J. C. e Jan. 25. 1864, trans. Co. C. consol. Wallace Hayes, e Jan. 25, 1664, died at Memphis, July 26, 1864. Company K. Recruit. Christy Chas. e Jan. 27, 1864, trans. Co. A. consol. Company M. i TJnassigned Recruits. Clark John, e March 31, 1864. Rohr Arnold, e Nov. 17, lt-63, desrtd. 4th Cavalry. Company M. TJnassigned Recruit. Melville Hen. e Jan. 18, 1864. 5th Cavalry. Company C. Recruit. , Reidy J. D. e Sept. 5, 1864, trans, to 45 111. Inf. Company G. Privates. Archibald J. W. e Sept. 5, 1861, re-e as vet. m o Oct. 37, 1865, sergt. Fuller Eusebius, e Sept. 5, 1861, re-e as vet. died at Vicksburg, Aug. 8, 1864. Thomas Dan. e Sept. 5, 1861, re-e as vet. died at Vicksburg, Jan. 3, 1865. Thomas W.E. e Sept. 5, 1861, m o March 8, 1864. Company K. Sergeants. Horace M. Vanmeeter, e Sept. 10,'61, m o Oct.31,'64. C. W. Beavers, e Sept.10,'61, disd. Jnne 4,'62,ldisab. Corporals. 3 B. Gordon, e Sept. 10, '61. m o Oct. 31, '64, private. Thos. Williams, e Sept. 10, 1861, disd. Aug. 11, 1863, sergt. disab. Sam. Davenport, e Sept. 10, 1861, m o Oct. 31, 1864. 390 ADAMS COUNTY WAE RECORD. Privates. Barnfield T. H. e Sept. 10, 1861, pro. 3d Lieut. Barnfleld I. J. e Sept. 10, 1861, m o Oct. 31. 1864. Bryant Wm. e Sept. 10, 1861, died Sept. 25, 1862. Casham Ferdinand, e Sept. 10, 1861, trans. V. R. C. May 16, 1864. Casham Boyd, e Sept. 10, 1861, re-e as vet. m o Oct. 27, 1865, corpl. Castell Isaac, Sept. 10, 1861, m o Oct. 31, 1864. Childers J. H. e Sept.10,1861, disd. June 4,'62,disab. Clendenin J.C. e Sept.10,'61, re-e vet. m o Oct.27,'65. Childers J. R. e Oct. 21, '61, disd. June 4, '62, disab. Blkins Sam. e Oct. 21, '61, re-e vet.desrtd. July 15,'65. Flynn Perry, e Sept. 10, 1861, died. Oct. 2, '62, disab. Gilbreath Hen. e Sept. 10, '61, re-e as vet. m o Oct. 27, 1865, Q. M. Sergt. Hall A. E. e Sept. 10, 61, m o Oct. 26, '64, as corpl. Hamilton Archibald, e Sept. 10, '61, m o Oct. 81, '64. Hooker J.M. e Sept. 10, 1861, re-e as vet. m o Oct. 27, 1865, sergt. Jones S. F. e Sept. 10, '61, re-e, died Sept. 21, 1864. Koehn Chas. e Sept. 10, '61, m o Oct. 31, '64. corpl. Mann J. P. e Sept. 10, '61, pro. Sergt. Maj. Mansker H. C. e Sept. 10, 1861, died April 14, 1863, accidental wounds. Marlow J.B. e Sept. 10, '61, re-e as vet. m o Oct.27, '65. Robinson Wm. e Sept. 10, '61, died April 6, 1863. Smith Wm. e Sept. 10, '61, died Jan. 19, 1864. Stokes E. D. e Sept. 10, '61, m o Oct. 31, 1864. Tucker J. W. e Sept. 10, '61, died Aug. 1, 1863. Tuthill W. C. e Sept. 10, '61, mo Oct. 31, 1864, sergt. Webb Owen, e Sept. 10, '61, disd. Oct. 2, '62, disab. Womack C. C. e Sept. 10, '61, died June 1, 1863. Young R. N. e Sept. 10, '61, m o Oct. 31, 1864. Recruits. Butler Seaman, e Feb. 22, 1864, m o Oct. 27, 1865. Barnes Harrison, m o June 5, 1865. Breese Jno. e April 23, '64, died March 15, 1865. Gilbraith Marion, e April 10, 1864. m o Oct 27, '65. Hook S, L. e Dec. 24, 1863, m o Oct. 27, 1865. Hubbard Francis, e Dec. 25, '63, m o Oct. 27, 1865. Ireland Wm. J. L. Dec. 28, 1864, m o Oct. 27.1865. Miller B. F. e April 25, 1864, m o Oct. 27. 1865. O'Kerblom Jno. e Feb. 4, 1864, m o Oct. 27, 1865. Reed J. D. died Sept. 1, 1863. Wilson B. F. e Dec. 21, 1863, m o Oct. 27, 1865. Ward T. J. e Dec. 28, 1863, m o Oct. 27, 1865. 6th Cavalry. Company A. Recruits. Heartley Chas. J. e Ang. 8, '64, m o Nov. 5, 1865. Jones Jno. e May 1, 1864, m o Nov. 5, 1865. Stafford W. e April 15, '64, died at Montgomery, Ala. Company MC. TJnassigned Recruits. Poe Wm. e Feb 33. 1865. Qnin Jas. e Jan. 23, 1865. Ream J. H. e Feb. 8, 1865. m o June 8, 1863. Williams Thos. e March 9, 1865. 'S'th Cavalry. Lieutenant Colonel. ( Edward Pierce, com.Sept. 8, '61, pro. Col. June 1, '62, term expired Oct. 15, 1864. Quartermaster. J. R. W. Hinchman, com. Oct. 28, '62, m o Nov. 4, '65. Surgeon. Dan Stahl, com. Sept. 9, '63, hon. disd. Sept. 19, '64. Company It . Recruits. Frierson J. R. e Oct. 1, '61, disd. July 20, '62„dlsab. Sien Fred, e Oct. 1, '61, ree as vet. m o Nov. 4, 1865. Company E. Recruit. Low W. e June 20, '64, kid. at Nashville, Dec. 15,'64. Company H. Recruit. Gulliher J. D. Sept. 16, 1864, sub. m o Jnly 31, '65. Company I. Recruits. Allen David, e Feb. 3, '65, m o Nov. 4, 1865. Allen Jas. e March 1, '65, m o Nov. 4, 1865. Collins Theo. e Feb. 3, '65, m o Nov. 4, 1865. Gates Abner, e March 1, '65, m o Nov. 4, 1865. ¦ Hendricks H. H. e Feb. 3, 1865, m o Nov. 4, 1865. Oakes R. J. e April 16, '64, m o July 8, '65, prisr. Tournear Philander, e Feb. 3, '65, m o Nov. 4, 1865. Vanvill J. W. e March 1, '65, m o Nov. 4, 1865. Company Iff. TJnassigned Recruits. Carmichael Dugal, e Aug. 2, 1864. Malof Peter, e Dec. 3, 1864. Quigel Jas. e Jan. 25. 1864. Sth.Cavalry- Hospital Steward. S. R. Wells, e Jan. 1,'64 pro. 2d Lieut. Co. K. Company K. Private. Hupp Geo. E. e Jan. 1, '64, pro. sergt. 2d Lieut. lOth Cavalry. Company A. Private. Cavanangh Chas. e Sept. 21, '61, re-e as vet trans, to Co. A. re-org. Recruits. Corben J. II. e Feb. 15, '62, died at Springfield, Mo., Aug. 16, 1862. Company B. Recruits. Bowling Wm. e March 7, '64, trans, to Co. B, re-org. Company C. Recruits. Adams W. H. e Feb. 5, 1862, vet. died at'Brownvllle, Ark. Nov. 11, 1864. Buskirk W. J. e Feb. 5, '62, vet. trans. Co. A.re-org. Butler P. G. e Feb . 10, 1862, desrtd . Collins Mat. e Feb. 15, 1863, desrtd. Doty J A. e Feb. 5, 1862, vet. tranB. Co. A. re-org. Doty Lewis, e Feb. 5, 1862, disd. disab, Grigsby Reuben, e Jan. 30, 1864, trans. Co. A. re-org. Hickerson W. T.e Feb. 10, '62, vet trans. Co.C. re-org. Lewis Geo. B. e Feb. 10, '62, vet. trans. Co.C. re-org. O'Dell Francis, eFeb. 10, '62, vet. trans.Co.B. re-org. Scott Wm. M. e Jan. 20, 1864,trans. Co. B. re-org. Company D. Recruits. Flynn Moses, e Jan. 1, 1862, re-e vet. Kieley Wm. re-e vet. shot by Provost Guard Spring field, 111. Feb. 6, 1864. Roberts Wm. e Ja 1. 1, 1863, desrtd. March 1, 1862. Company E. Private. Rowland Wallace, c Sept. 20,'61, desrtd. June 22, '62. ELLINGTON/TOWNSHIP ADAMS COUNTY WAE RECORD. 391 Reiruils. Collet Wm. e Feb. 5, 1862, desrtd. June 32, 1862. Colwell Richard, e Feb. 5, 1862, desrtd. June 32,1862. Rowland Wm. Feb. 5, 1862, desrtd. June 22, 1862. Company F. Recruits. Anderson Marcus, e March 5, 1862, m o March 5, '65. Anderson J. e March 5, '62, disd. Sept.. 22, '62, disab. Hartman Peter, e Feb. 21, 1862, m o Feb. 21, 1865. Keller Phil, e Feb. 21, 1862, m o Feb. 23, 1865, corpl. Pond H. F. e Feb. 25. 1863, m o Feb. 25, 1865. Pond W. E. e Feb. 25, 1864, m o Feb. 25, 1865. Rankin M. e (Feb. 17, 1864, m o Nov. 22, '65, bugler. Company I. Recruits. Echterkamp Fred, e Jan. is, 1663, m o Feb. 18,'U5. Griggs Sam. e Feb. 18, 1862, m o Feb. 18, 1865, Reiper B. H. e Feb. 18, 1862, m o Feb. 18, 1865. Company K. .Privates. Harrison H. e Oct. 28, 1861, trans, to Invalid Corps, Oct. 10, 1863. Purmell H. C. e Oct. 28, 1861, re-e as vet. drowned at Little Rock, Sept. 1, 1864. Recruits. Folsom G. D. e Feb. 28. 1862, m o March 9, 1865. ¦ Hollombush T. e Jan. 81, 1862, desrtd. Feb. 10, 1865. Harrison Dan. e Feb. 8, 1862, bugler, disd. Feb. 7, '66. Hamilton Alex, e Feb. 24, 1864, absent without leave at m o Feb. 9, 1866. Phillips Thos. e Dec. 22, 1863. Company X.. Privates. Booth Hugh, e Jan. S, 1864, absent, sick at m o. Booth Henry, e Jan. 8, 1864, desrtd. Oct 6, 1865. Moffatt Chas. e Jan. 3, 1864, m o Nov. 22, 1865. Smith M. B. e Jan. 8, 1864, m o Nov. 23, 1865. Williams Pat. W. e Jan. 8, 1864, saddler, absent, sick at m o. Recruits. Brown Jno. e Jan. 1, 1862, trans.Invalid Corps, Sept. 8, 1868. Booth Hugh, e Jan. 1, 1862, re-e vet. Booth Henry, e Jan. 1, 1863, re-e vet. Cleveland Edwin, e Jan. 1,1863, disd. May, '62. disab. Johnson Jas. M. e Jan. 1. 1862, m o Dec. 30, 1864. Livingston Benj. e Sept. 9, 1864, absent, sick at m o. Moffatt Chas. e Jan. 1, 1862. Rhodes S. C. e Jan. 1, 1862, desrtd. June 25. 1862. Reeves E. P. e Jan. 1, 1862, died at Springfield, m o Oct. 4, 1862. Smith M. B. e Jan. 1, 1862, re-e vet. Company M. Private. Searle E. Q. e Nov. 1, 1861, disd. Aug. 15,!1862, sergt. Recruits. Rankin Marvin, e Feb. 17, 1864. trans, to Co. F. Robert G. e March 1, 1862, blacksmith, disd. March 20, 1863, disab. 11th Cavalry. Company C. Recruit. Stnbbs W. J. e Feb. 28, 1865, m o Sept. 30, 1865. Company H. Recruits. Nicholas Jocquet, e March SO, 1864, ni o Sept. 80,'65. Robertson Ed. e AprU 11, 1865, trans. Co. G. Slhlll. Cav. Company K. Recruits. Oakley Chas. e Jan. 29, 1864, m o Sept. 30,[1865. Company I.. Private. Manock JeBse, e Feb. 16, 1865, m o Sept. 30, 1865. Company M. Recruits. Stevenson Jos. e Jan. 15, '64, died Vicksburg, Jan. 81, 1865. Watt Jas. e Feb. 21, 1864, m oSept. 30, 1865. TJnassigned Recruits . Nase H. W. e April 11, 1865. Scott Jno. e Feb. 27, 1865. Wayne C. H. e April 11, 1865. Watson Thos. e Feb. 27, 1865, Bub. 12th Cavalry. Company P. Private. Blanset T. J. e Oct. 7, '61,kld. Gettysburg,July 1,'63. Company G. Private. Thomas Jas. e Jan. 15, 1862, died Feb. 23, 1865. Company M. Privates . Monds J. D. e Jan. 4, 1864, trans. Co. H. consol. Simmonds Frank, e Dec. 4, 1863, trans. Co.H.consol Smith Geo. e Dec. 29, 1863, desrtd. Feb. 12, 1864. TJnassigned Recruits. Becket Hayden, e Dec. 28, 1863. Bennett Mat. e Nov. 14, 1864. Yolton Frank, e Dec. 29, 1863. 14th Cavalry. Company D. Sergeant. C. E. Sackott, e Oct. 1, '62, disd. June 20, '65, disab. Private. Bennett J. T. e Nov. 1, 1862, desrtd. Feb. 7, 1863. 16th Cavalry. Company E. Recruits. Bohms F. J. e Jun^ 19, 1863, miSBing, in action June 3. 1864. Thompson S. S. e Aug. 10, 1863„Bied Baltimore, April 22, 1864. Company G. Privates. Coleman Jno. e Sept. 23, 1862, m o Aug. 19. 1865. Leahey Thos. e Oct. 1, 1862, m o Aug: 19, 1865. Meyer Herman, e Nov. 24, 1862, m o Aug. 19, 1865. Murry W. M. e Sept.'l, 1862, m o July 25, 1865, prisr. Peters Jos. e Sept. 27, 1863, m o Aug. 14, 1865. Perry Jas. e Sept. 27, 1863, m o Aug. 19, 1865, sergt. Rankin J. S. eDec. 19, 18i2, disd. by G. O. No. 36, Straub Jos. e Sept. 20, 1862, m o Aug. 19, 1865. Steffen Martin, e Dec. 3, 1862, m o Aug. 19, 1865. Company K. Private. Suit Jno. e April 10, 1863, died Richmond, Feb. 17, 1864, prier. 392 ADAMS COUNTY WAR EECOED. Company L. Privates. Beach H. A. e Feb. 5. 1863, m o July 13, 1865, prisr. Lowry J. F. e Mch. 12, 1863, m o June 16, 1865, prisr. Company M. H. C. Aberneathy, e Sept. 13, 186!, m o June 2, 1865, private, prisr. Bradbury E. D. e April 10, 1863, confinemei_t at m o. 17th Cavalry. Company 31. Private. Becket Hardin, e Dec. 28, 1863, trans, from 12th 111. Cavalry, desrtd. Sept. 6, 1864. 1st Artillery. Battery B. Recruit. Adair H. L. e Sept. 6, 1861, disd. Mch. 1, 18i3, disab. 3d Light Infantry. Battery B. Private. Shilegner Jno. e March 18, 1861, m o July 16, 1865. Battery E. Private. Heins Frank, e Aug. 21, 1861, re-e vet. trans. Battery A, mo July 27, 1865. Battery F. Recruits. Baxter W. C. e Dec. 28, '63, m o July 27, '65,artificer. Battery H. Second Lieutenants. Henry Gordon, com. Aug. 21, 62, prom. Sr.2d Lieut. Alex Hudson, com. May 25, 1863, prom. Maj. 7th Col . Artillery, May 4, 1864. Sergeant. F. Master, lst.e Sept. 14, '61, ie-evet.m.0 July 29,'65. Quartermaster. Jesse Durbin, e Sept. 14, '61, re-e vet m o.July 29,'65. Artificer. J. Buhlmeyer, e Sept. 14,'61, died. Aug. 28, '62,disab. Privates . Ackerman L. e Oct. 15, '61, re-e vet. m o July 29, '63. Boblmeyer Sol. e Sept. 14, '61, re-e vet. disd. Oct. 7, 1864, disab. Blair Eob't, e Nov. 1, 1861, died. Jan. 24, 1862, dleab. Beislnger Isadore, e Nov. 11, '61, desrtd. Feb. 3, '63. Barton D. P. e Sept. 14, '61, re-e vet. m o July 29, '65. Bartholomew Sam. e March 1, '61, disd. Sept. 2, '63. Carter Wm. e Dec. 7, '61, re-e vet. mo July 29, 1865 Chambers. J. e Sept. 14, '61, disd. Jan. 14, '65, sergt. Conrad G. e Sept. 14, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 29, 65. Deeters H. e Dec. 7, '61, re-e as vet. m o Aug. 14, '65. Derhart Woodford, e Dec. 7, 1861, disd. Jan. 14, 1865. Edwards Jos. e Dec. 7, '61, re-e as vet. ji o July 24, 1865, wagoner. Fry F.D. e Sept. 14, '61, died on furlough, Feb.11,'62. deer Wm. e Dec. 1, '61, re-e as vet. ditd. Feb. 27, 1865, disab. Gibbs T. e Sept. 14, '61, re e as vet. m o July 24, '65. Hoffman Aug. e Sept. 14, '61. died.Aug.16, '62, disab. Hultz Wm.e Sept. 14, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 29,'65. Hultz A. e Sept. 14, '61, disd. Feb. 24, 1863, disab. Huddleston J. W. e Sept. 14, 1861, re-e as vet. m o July 29, 1865. Kirg Wm. e Sept. 14, '61, died at Camp Butler, 111., Jan. 26,1862. T , „„ „„ Lutz T. e Sept. 14, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 29, 1865, Lane Geo. e Sept. 14, '61 re e as vet. died at Spring field, 111.. March 24, 1864. McKinney Owen, e Sept. 14, '61, desrtd. Jan. 22; '62. Nick Jno. e Sept. 14, '61. re-eas vet., m o July29, 65. Padgett Jas. e Sept. 14. 1861, disd. May 17, '63, disab. Parrick Jas. e Nov.l, '61, re-e as vet.m o July 29 '65. Parrick Sam. e Dec. 1. 1861, desrtd. Feb. 33. 1863. Peterson B.e Dec. 7, '61, died on furlough, Mar.7,'62. Schwartz Job. e Sept. 14, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 29, 1865, artificer. Schnick, P. F. e Sept. 14, '61, re-e as vet. m o July 29, 1865. Six G. L. e Sept. 14. 1861, desrtd. Dec. 31, 1862. Slagel Wm. e Dec. 1 . '61, re-e os vet. m o July 29, '65. Trlplett Bd.e Nvv. 1,1861, re-e as vet. m o Jnly29, '65. Tyler Wm. e Nov. 1, '61, died at Columbus, Ky., June 30, 1862. Valentine Jno e Sept. 14, '61, re-e as vet. m 0 July 20, 1865. Weisenberger D.e Sept,14,'61,disd.April 10,'63,disab. Waggoner Jno. 0 Sept. 14, '61, ree as vet. m 0 July 29, 1865. sergt. Waggoner Wm. e Sept. 14, '61, re-e as vet. m 0 July 29, 1865, corpl. Walter Harmon, e Sept. 16, '61, drowned Nov 22, '63. Recruits. Burden T. C. e March 4, 1854, m o July 29)1865. Gladfelt Her. e Jan. 5, '64, disd. June 17, 1864, disab. Lathrop Sylvester, e Mar. 24, '64, m o July 29, 1865. McMeans Milton, e March 28, '64, m o July 29, 1865. Mills Leonard F. e Dec. 28, 1863 m o Ju y 29. 1865. Simmons Henry, e March 24, 1864, m o July 29, 1865. Schwab Phil, e April 5, 1864, m o July 29, 1865. Wagner Henry, e July 1, 1864, ni o July 29, 1865. Battery I. Recruit. Miller Jas. e Nov. 28, 1863, m 0 June 14, 1865. Battery K. Private. Koenig Nicholas, e Jan. 5, 1862, m o July 14, 1865. Battery M. TJnassigned Recruits. Krlder Wesley, e June 7, 1864. McDonald John A. e Aug. 6. 1864. Reed Chas. e Marcu 24, '64, trans, to U. S. navy, April 13, 1864. Henshaw'g Battery. Recruits. Anderson Peter, e Sept. 27, 1864, m 0 July 18, 1865. Johnson Theo. S. e Sept. 27, 1864, m o July 18, 1865. Johnson Peter H. e Sept. 27. 1864. m o July 18, 1865. Mosness Ole, e Sept. 27, 1864, m o July 18, 1865. Sawyer T. M. e Sept. 27, 1864, m o July 18, 1865. Thorson Andrew, e Sept. 27, 1864, m 0 July 18, 1865. 29th Infantry (colored). Major. T. Jeff Brown, com. July 8, 1864, res. Feb. 1865. Company A: Captain. Robert Porter, com. May 12, '64, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Sergeants. W. McCoslin, 1st, e Nov. 30, '63, Tiro. Sergt. Major. Jesse Hazel, e Nov. 1, '63, m o Nov. 6, 1865. private. G,Hathawan,eNov,15,'63, private, absent, sick atm 0. J. M. Perkins, e Nov. 1, 1863, m o Nov. 6, '65, corpl, Sam White, e Nov. 13, 1863, died at Alexandria, Va., Sept. 4, 1864. Corporals.', Oliver Twiker, e Nov. 1. 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. J. F. Golden, e Nov. 1, '63, private, abst. sick atm 0. ADAMS COUNTY WAE RECORD. 393 G.Washington. eNov. 33, '63, m o Nov.6, '65, p-iva'e. Sam Scott e Nov. 3, '63, m o Nov. 6, 1865, private. G. S. Williams, e Nov. 25, '63, died at City Point, Va.. Aug. 8, 1864. Frank- Thomas.e Nov.13, '63. m o Nov. 6, '65, private Jos.Turpin, e Nov. 22, '63, sergt. desrtd.- April 10 '65, Thompson Kay, e Nov. 15, 1863, disd. March 2. 1865. Sidney Northrup, e Nov. 2, 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Wagoner. Geo. Hawkins, e Nov. 1, 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Privates. Allen Chas. e Nov. 15, 1863, died at Farmsville, Va i Jan. 10, 1865, prisr. Belteher Jas. e Nov. 1, 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Belden Phil, e Nov. 25, 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Bernard Pete, e Nov. 27, '63, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Brown J. e Dec. 11, '63, died at Eichmond, Oct. 2, 1864, prisr. Corsex Peter, e Nov. 1. 1863, m o Noy. 6, 1865. Carter Jno. eDec. 13, '63, absent, sick at mo. Couch J.W. e Dec. 16, '63 died at Washington, D. C, Sept. 11 1864. Campbell Martin, e D.c.23, '63, m o Nov.6.'65. sergt. CaBey Jerry, e Jan. 6, 1864, died at Petersburg, Va.. June 20, 1864. Clay Henry, e Feb. 24, 1863. mo Nov. 6 1865. Dudley Anthony, e Nov. 1, '63, died at Danville, Va., Nov. 7, 1864, prisr. Dooler Harrison, e Dec. 10, '63, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Dyer Ed. e Jan. 3, 1864, died at Sauisbury, N. C. Feb. 1 1865, priBr. Franklin B. e Nov. 1, '63, m o Nov. 6, '65, corpl. Fousley Thos. e Jan. 11, '64, m o Nov. 6, '65, corpl. Gilmore Jas. e Nov. 1, 1863, m o Nov. 6, '65, corpl. Griffin Levi, e Nov. 30, '63, desrtd. June 10, 1864. Green Ranson, e Jan. 12, 1864, died at Danville, Va„ Nov. 10, 1864, prisr. Geter Nelson, e Jan. 11, '64, disd. March 2 '65, disab. Gasbury Chas. e Jan. 28, '64, m o Nov. 6, '65, corpl. Hayden J. W. e Dec. 38, '63. m o Nov. 6, 1865. Herbert David, e Nov. 18, 1863, died at Alexandria, Va., July 3, 1865. Johnson T. e Dec. 11, 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Johnson L.e Nov.27,'63, absent without leave at m o. Jackson Andrew, e Jan. 9, '64, m o Nov. 6, '65, corpl. Johnson Willis, e Nov. 24, .64, died at Camp Carey, Va., May 14, 1865. Jameson Geo. e Nov. 36, 1863, died at Farmersville, Va., Jan. 5, 1865, prisr. Lewis Andrew, e Nov. 1, '63, died at Castle Thunder, Va., Nov. 5, 1864. prisr. Logan Wesley, e Nov. 15, '63, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Lewis Richard, e Dec. 33, 1863, kid. at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Lancaster, Jas. e Jan. 18, 1864, kid. at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. McGreeder Martin.e Nov.l, '63, died at Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 28, 1864. Moss Peter, e Nov. 1, '63, died, at Philadelphia, Pa., March 10, 1865. Maskill' Ferman, e Dec. 5, 1863, kid. Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Milender W. e Feb. 5, '64, wd.disd. Nov.3. '65, corpl. Massey S. A. e Dec. 21, '63, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Morgan G. S. e Dec. 26, '63, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Morton Alex, e Jan. 21, 1861, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Morris Jerry e Nov. 1, 1863. died at Petersburg, Va., June 16, 1864. McDowell Wm., e Dec. 19, 1863, died Pt. of Rocks, Va., Dec. 30, 1864. Owens Allred, e Jan. 27, 1864, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Perry Richard, e Nov. 1, 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Peekens Henry, e Nov. 15, 1863, m o Nov. 6. 1865. Porter Moses, e Dec. 16, 1863, died at City Pt., Va., June 14, 1864. Punch Brooker, e Jan. 22, 1864, m o March 6, 1865. Eichman Jas., e Jan. 18, 1864, m o Nov. 6. 1865. Smith Eobt. e Dec. 16. 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. South Wm. e Jan. 7, 1864, m o Nov. 6, 1865, st rgt. Scipion Jno. e Jan. 11, 1864, m o Nov. 6, '65, sergt. Thornton Thos. e Dec. 19, 1863, kid. at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Templeton G. e Jan. 11, '64, m o Nov. 6, '65, let sergt. Todd H. C. e Jan. 26, 1864, disd. June 18, 1865. Williams Harrison, e Jan. 30, '64. absent, sick at m o. Williams Gus. e Jan. 30, 1864, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Washington G. e Nov. 1, 1863, m o April 25, '66, prisr. Williams Wash, e Dec. 7, 1863, m o Nov. 6, '65. Williams Jas. e Feb. 10, 1864, died at Alexandria, Va., Oct. 23, 1864. Williams Louis, e Feb. 10, 1864, died at Petersburg, Va., Aug. 10, 1864, prison. Williams Geo. e Dec. 11,- '63, died at Richmond, Va., Jan. 3, 1865. Recruit. Smith Richard, e Feb. 1, 1865, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Company B. Privates. Butts Geo. e Dec. 7, 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Francis Fred, e Jan. 6, 1864, absent, sick at m o. Hawkins Milton, e Dec. 2, 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Company C. Corporal. Marshal Hammond, e Dec. 23, '63, absent,8ick at m o. Privates . Danials Jno. e April 7, 1864, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Jones Alfred, e Dec. 22, 1863, kid. at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Jameson Jas. e Jan. 7, 1864, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Company D. Privates. Bell Jas. e Nov. 25, '63, disd. May 27, 1865. Boston Shadrach. e Nov. 27, '63, missing in action at Petersburg, July 30, 1864. Brown Robt. e Dec. 11, '63, absent, sick at m o. Clay Henry, e Jan. 12, 1864, m o Nov. 6, 1865. David Chas. e Nov. 15, 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Early Richard, e Dec. 19, '63, desrtd. Aug. 8, 1864. Furman Geo.e Nov. 1, '63, died at Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 14, 1864. Green J. or Ed. e March 8, '64, absent, sick at m o. Green C. eFeb. 6, '64, missing in action July 30, '64. Johnson Nelson, e Dec. 7, 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Johnson Jno. eDec. 10, 1865. Johnson Aaron, e Dec. 24, 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Johnson Henry, e Dec. 10, 1863. McCann Geo. e Dec. 11, 1863, m o Nov. 6, 1865. McDowell Thos. e Jan . 4. 1864, m o Nov. 6 1866. McAtee Geo. e Jan. 9, 1864, absent, sick at m o. Morrison uan. e Jan. 28, 1864, m o Nov. 6. 1865 Mason Dennis, e March 8, 1864, m o Nov.6,'65, corpl. Nelson Moses, e Jan. 29, 1864, m o Nov 6, '65, sergt. Nickons Harrison, e Dec. 3, 1863, died at Camp Defiance, Va. Dec. 4, 1864. Plegett Adam, e Dec. 11, 1863, died at Brownsville, Tex. Sept. 16, 1865. Sidener Chas. e Dec. 36, 1863, missing in action, July 30, 1864. Somnerfield Jackson, e Dec. 5, 1863, missing in action at Petersburg, July 30, 1864. Sommers Jno. e Dec. 30, 1863, disd. June 3, 1865. Williams Theo. e Dec. 21, 1863, disd. June 26, 1865. Washington Geo. e Jan. 11, 1864, disd. June 2, 1865. Wilson A. J. e Jan. 11, 1864, aled at New Orleans, July 18, 1865. Wilson D. G. e Jan. 11. 1864, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Wolfin Jas. e Jan. 5, 1864, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Williams Jos. e Jan. 15, 1864, m oNov. 6, 1865. corpl. Young Henry, e Jan. 6, 1864, m o Nov. 6, 1865, corpl. Company E. Private. Washington J. G. e Nov. 13, 1863, absent, sick m o. Recruits. Masters Lewis, e Feb. 1, 1865, absent, sick at m o. Scott Jas. e Feb. 4, 1865, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Thompson Libby. e Feb. 2, 1865, m o Nov. 6, 1865. 394 ADAMS COUNTY WAE RECOED. Company F. Recruits. Anderson Jas. e Feb. 6, 1865, m o Nov. 6, 1865. Nann Jas. eSept. 30, 1864. disd. Sept. 30, 1865. Washington Wm. e Feb. 1, 1865, m o Nov- 6, 1865. U. S. Colored Recruits. 13th U. S. Colored Artillery. Armstead Wansley, e March 38, 1865. Barnett W. H. e March 38, 1865. Brooks Chas. e March 15, 1865. Brooks Jarratt, e March 15, 1865. Dulen Albert,, e March 28, 1865. Dorsey Jno. e April 1, 1865. Gillespie Phil, e March 16, 1865. Hall Jas. e March 15, 1865. Harris T. J. e March 13, 1865. Holmes Henry, e March 30, 1865. Hannen Eobt. e March 29, 1865. Hodge B. D. C. e April 4, 1865. Jones Dallaw, e March 15, 1865. McDowell Green, e March 10, 1865. Moore Benj. e March 16, 1865. Owens Henry, e March 16, 1865, Palmer Dan. e March 9, 1865. Pleasant Josiah, e March 11. 1865. Smith Henry, e March 15, 1865. Taylor Zechariah, e March 29, 1865. Miscellaneous Organizations. Private. Smith Chas. F. e Dec. 17, 1864, 16th Kansas Cav. 1st Army Corps. Company No. 1. Private. HineB Jno. e Feb. 2, 1865, m o Feb. 1, 1866. Company No. 3. Private. WalstedtCarl, e Feb. 33, 1865, m o Feb. 33, 1866. Company No. 4. Private. Sweet Henry H. e March 1, 1865, m o March 1, 1866. Company No. 8. Private. Chiss James E. e March 24, 1865, m o March 36, '66. Company No. 8. Privates. Shawley J. W. e April 11, 1865, m o April 11, 1866. Worden Wm. e April 11, 1865, m o April 11, 1866. -| Pennington J. W. e April 13, 1865, m o April 13, '66, Company No. 11, Private. Nokes E. D. e April 6, 1865. Recruits for Regular Army. 2d TJ. S. Infantry. Bergman Jno. A. e Dec. 1864. Barney Francis, e Nov. 1864. Dolan Martin, e Nov. 1864. Geiss Simon, e Dec. 1864. Garvey Jno. e Dec. 1864. King D. A. e Nov. 1864. Murphy Thos. e Nov. 1864. Eeicheit Louis, e Dec. 1864. Smith Jas. e Dec. 1864. Somners J. P. e Dec. 1861. Sceibert Jno. e Dec. 1864. , 13tli U. S. Infantry. Bonney Wm. e Sept. 1865. Brennan Chas. e Aug. 1865. Conley Jas. e Oct. 1865. Davie Jno. e July, 1865. Henry Andrew, e Oct. 1864. , ! •Hudson Benj . e Oct. 1865. Hoskinson W. O. e Aug. 1865. Lake L. D. e Oct. 1865. McDowell Sam. e Aug. 1865. Marlow W. S. e Aug. 1865. McCarty Frank, e Aug. 1865. Peterman Wm. e Aug. 1865. Beynolds Jas. e Aug. 1865. Beid Eobt. e Oct. 1865. Sweetman J. W. e Oct. 1864. Steel J. J. e Sept. 1865. Taylor Zechariah, e Sept. 1865. Taylor C. B. e Sept. 1865. Ury Sam. e July, 1865. Winters Henry, e July, 1865. Welch Barclay, e Aug. 1865. York Benj. e Oct. 1864. 19th U. S. Infantry. Bemont D. A. e Sept. 2, 1862. Monroe Aug. e Sept. 2, 1862. Manning A. D. e Sept. 2, 1862. Wiesenbhorn J. C. e Oct. 1, 1862. Hospital Stewards U. S. Army. Aldrich Isaac, e March 3, 1864. Sealon J. A. e March 30, 1864. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 395 CHAPTEK XI. Early Settlements — By "Whom and How Made — Fiest Settlees — Old Settlee's Society — List of Members — Early Experiences — First Feeey— Eaely Customs — Lost Childeen — Fiest Mill — Theie Life and Woek. eaely settlements by whom and how made. A writer for the Western Monthly Magazine in speaking of the emi gration to the Western States, during the years from 1820 to 1835, says: "Wherever the traveler chances to wander over the wide "West, he en counters the great army of immigrants moving towards the setting sun. The cry is "Still they come." Along the whole chain of the Alleghany ridge they may be seen crossing into our valley by every pass which nature or art has rendered practicable; they are thrown in shoals upon the shores of the great lakes of the North; they ascend in steamboats from New Orleans, and the sentiment expressed by all who have arrived before them is, "Let them come, there is room enough for all, and they can never eat us out of house and home." The universal Yankee nation might be conveniently settled upon the plains of Illinois, and all the free whites that can be spared from the South would find elbow room in Missouri. The delightful season in which we are writing brings these scenes forci bly to our recollection ; the weather dry, the sky serene, the atmosphere mild, the roads dry and smooth, the corn ripe, the cattle and hogs fat, and the land teeming with abundance. It is the season of the year in which the emigrant may travel with the greatest facility and cheapness. We have seen them, at this time of the year, strung along the roads of Illinois in such numbers that there seemed to be no end to the long cavalcade. Here is a little train of wagons loaded with furniture and farming tools. The owner, a stout, sunburnt man, walks before; the wife and children are stowed away among the baggage; the tall girls and great, muscular boys, each of the latter with a rifle on his shoulder, are strolling in the rear. They are from Tennessee. At night they halt by a spring or on the bank of a stream ; a fire is kindled, the beds and pallets are spread upon the ground, and after a hearty supper, the whole party repose comfortably in the open air. There is another party from the same State ; they are more wealthy; the men ride on horseback, the females are in carriages or on horses, and there is a train of negroes. They are going to Missouri. Here is a family from Kentucky. They are very much like those that have just passed, except they are better "fixed," they carry more household goods, and are a grade further advanced in their notions of comfort. All these that we have described are reputable farmers, who will enrich themselves and do credit to the State. There is a band of a different character; sev eral families are together; not because misery loves company, for, wretched 396 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. as they seem, they are as happy as the others. They are all on foot, except a decrepit matron, who is mounted on a lean pony, with a child in her lap, and a half naked, wicked boy behind. Their "plunder" is carried in an ox cart; the men carry axes, guns and knives, and are- a half-clad, hungry, ferocious-looking set, who, in older and wealthier countries, if not taken for robbers or Gypsies, would be arrested for the crime of poverty. Yet except their poverty, and the indolence that produced it, there is no harm in them. Among them is a widow and nine children, all bare-footed and bare-headed. She lost "her man" lately, and finding it hard to get along in the world, is going to try a new country. These are from North Carolina. A little covered wagon is seen — a creaking, crazy affair almost worn out, drawn by one horse whose last debt to nature seems to be nearly due. Within are seated a young man and woman; they are man and wife, and are as like each other as two pea§. They have had the ague regularly every year, and are as sallow as a dried corn-stalk. They have no property along, nor any baggage except a few blankets, a pot, or skillet, a gun and an axe, and as a fit companion for their horse, a half-starved, long-eared hound. They meet a gentleman who happens to be a lawyer in his circuit. The man hails him, and stops his lean pony, who straightway pokes down his head, and falls to cropping the tall grass: "Stranger, can you tell me of a good place to settle?" " O yes, it is all good here. Yon can't go amiss. " " I want to find a good piece of land that belongs to Congress. " "Then y'ou have come to the right place, for the Government owns nearly all the land that you see unimproved. " " Well, I reckon, stranger, it would be no harm to settle down a'most anywhere and build a cabin." " None in the world. Where did you come from ? " " From .North Car'liny. " " How long have you been coming?" " Three weeks. " " Where did you intend to go when you started? " " Nowhere in particular. Me and my wife thought we'd hunt a place to settle. We've no money nor plunder — nothing but ourselves and this nag — and we thought we'd try our luck in a new country. " Sometimes a dozen or twenty families collect in the evening at the same camping ground. They build their separate fires, and circle around them. Whole acres are covered with beds, tents, wagons, and horses and cattle. The men mix together, the women interchanging civilities, and the whole scene is one of lively and picturesque interest. While the weather is open there are few hardships to encounter in such a journey; but occasion ally it rains, the wind changes, and cold, driving showers pelt the defenceless travelers. They cannot travel in the storm. Some crawl into their car riages and wagons, some make shelters by suspending sheets and coverlets upon poles, and some fare no better than the domestic animals, who turn their backs to the wind. At the rude and primitive taverns and houses of entertainment are to be met strangers of another class — gentlemen on horse-back, families who are not accustomed to camping out, merchants, lawyers, and wealthy farmers, all floating along in the great stream of emi gration. They are mostly from the Southern and Middle States. But, where is the Yankee all this while ? He is on the way ; no mistake about him; wherever there is money to be made by hard labor, Jonathan will find HISTORY OP ADAMS COUNTY. 397 out the place. But he has no notion of camping out, and traveling by land is expensive to those who stop at taverns, lie counted the cost before he came forth to this battle of life; ho traced the various routes upon- the maps, read all the books he could borrow touching the subject, and wrote to divers postmasters in the West with whom he could correspond without the expense of postage. He even strained a point, and paid the postage upon a few letters of inquiry, lie therefore not only knows where he is going, but has ascertained the cheapest route, and most eligible conveyance. He is floating along the lake, or patiently meandering the Ohio. To look at him yon would not suppose him worth a cent, nor does he care what you think about the matter; he knows to the contrary. He has sold out all he had, and put the whole concern into his purse. He is a small, active, grave man, and most probably has been a deacon. That decent, neat old lady who is traveling with him has been his partner in the joys and sorrows of life for many years. She takes great interest in everything she sees, and makes many inquiries about fevers, Indians, alligators, etc. Poor lady! she will never like the West a whit better than she does now. She is too old to degenerate, and too good to get better. There is more hope for the rosy, buxom girls who come from the same section. They have come to the West to do good, and they will succeed — they will teach school for six months or a year, and then they will get married, which is better for them. Those slim young men, sons of Jonathan, are graduates and they are com ing West to be lawyers and doctors. They are going to supply the waste places, and become the teachers and leaders of the sections wherein they may drive their stake. THE FIRST SETTLEMENT. The first settlement of the county, as near as we can ascertain, was commenced by Justus I. Perrigo, an old soldier, on the land received from the Government for his services in the war of 1812, in 3 south 8 west, in Mill Creek district, in 1821. In the autumn of the same year, or the win ter following, Daniel Pyle settled in 2 south, 6 west, in Wigle district; in March, 1823, Jno. Wood and Maj. Kose located at Quincy, and raised the first crop without fencing; having to travel thirty miles to get a plow sharpened, and forty miles.to mill. During the same year, Maj. Campbell and Wm. Worlev made an improvement in town, 1 north, 8_ west, in Center District. Settlements were commenced in Bear Creek District in 1826; in Clayton and North East, in 1829 or 1830. THE OLD SETTLERS. BY SARAH EDWARDS HENSHAW. Oh ! band heroic ! none can know The courage and the toil, With which they tracked the wilderness And tamed the unbroken soil ; Each furrow bore a costly price Of human hopes and fears, Was fertilized by sweat of man, And wet with woman's tears. Yes : lovely is the prairie wide, As to-day it meets our gaze, Smiling with fields of blending grain— Tasselled with golden maize ; 398 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. And peacefully the Illinois Goes singing on its way, By many a cheerful cottage home And many a city gay. " Starved Rock " still lifts its battlements High o'er the smiling vale, And, gazing, looks for dusky forms Far down the Indian trail, But the white man's iron parallel Is the only track he sees, And the war-whoop of the iron horse Alone comes on the breeze. Where cabin and where wigwam once Dotted the prairie wide, City and town of world renown Hold homes of joy and pride. Glad sounds of busy industry With each new sun awake, And white- winged ships of commerce skim The bosom of the lake. Then may God bless the pioneers, Hero and heroine ! Whose firmness wrought the mighty change Which in our "West" is seen. And when you sit in peaceful home, Or gaze abroad with joy, Honor the grand old settlers then Of grand young Illinois. The old settlers of Adams and Brown counties effected a temporary organization, which was found to be imperfect and incomplete, in the year 1869. In the following year, 1870, on the 1st day of September, a perma nent organization was perfected. The meeting was held at Clayton, and a large number of old settlers, with their families, were in attendance. The constitution adopted was substantially as follows: Article 1. This organization shall be known as the Old Settlers' Association of Adams and Brown counties. The objects of the Association are to preserve the facts, occurrences and recollections in regard to the early settlement of the country ; state of the society in the early days ; to recall the hardships, and learn the lessons to be drawn there from ; nothing shall be put down in malice, and no old story shall be revived that does in- jury to the living or dead. Article 2. The officers of the association shall be a President, two or more Vice- Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer and Historian. An executive committee shall be appointed whose duty it shall be to carry out all the measures of the society committed to them. The officers and the executive committee shall serve for one year. Article 3. The manner of conducting the meetings of the association shall be in ac cordance with the customary proceedings of parliamentary bodies. The Historian of the society shall be the custodian of all the historical papers and relics of the association. Article 4. Annual meetings shall be held at such a lime and place as the association, at any of its meetings, shall direct. At any meeting a majority vote may require each mem ber to pay such sum of money, not to exceed one dollar, as may be found necessary to pay for the printing and other absomte expenses of the society. Twenty members shall consti tute a quorum at any regular meeting. Article 5. The constitution can be amended and by-laws attached at any regular meeting, by a majority vote of the members present. The following are the first officers of the association : President, John McCoy, Clayton; Vice-Presidents, Wilson Lane, Quincy; Nicholas Hobbs, Brown county; Henry Asbury, Quincy; Robert Curry, Brown county; William (deceased) HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 399 Laughlin, Mendon; Joshua Keller, Mendon. Secretary, S.J. Morey, Clayton. Treasurer, Thomas Lackey, Clayton. Historian — Thomas Bailey, Camp Point. Executive Committee, J. J. Waltby, Clayton ; Henry Asbury, Quincy; Granville Bond, Brown county. LIST OF MEMBERS. The following is a list of those who signed the association register. NAMES. DATE OF ARRIVAL. Ira Tyler 1840 E. T. Stewart 1840 Jared Blonsett 1838 Lemuel Burke 1832 Peter A. Sickal 1848 T. J. Bates 1833 J. H. Holton 1835 J. A. Waddell 1834 S. E. Siger 1836 John Arrowsmith 1841 Lucien Kingman 1834 D. H. St. Clair 1835 Henry Wood 1832 Nat. Pease 1834 Joseph Artus 1837 John Wolfe 1831 Ira Kimmon 1 834 Thomas Bailey, Maryland 1840 Elisha Turner, Indiana 1833 James Hunter 1847 Paul Korantz 1838 Wm. Shull 1835 James Campbell 1831 James Svkes 1834 N. B. Beahertsar 1835 W.A. Strickler 1839 John Carbaugh , 1837 Nancy Briscoe 1827 G. B. Dimock 1838 J. W. Goodwyn 1837 Farrow Hamrick 1831 Eaton Littlefield 1838 L. M. Littlefield 1839 Chas. Maertz ...1836 W. B. Powers 1838 Porter Smith 1826 G. A. Miller 1836 Wm. Campbell -...1829 J. T. Harding 1838 Henry Lyle • 1822 A. M. Petrie 1830 T.J. Long 1831 Benj. Gould 1832 Adam Schmitt 1834 J. S. Beckit 1835 J.C.Orr 1828 Thos. Payne, England 1837 Wilson Lane 1836 E.R. Wooters 1840 Eli Engle 1850 Jesse Phipps 1840 Lewis McFarland 1831 Jas. Tuxford 1840 Geo. Arrowsmith 1837 Thos. G. Black 1835 Wm. O'Harra, Kentucky l»4b J-Gault 1836 Thos. Hamilton 18rfu 26 NAMES. DATE OP ARRIVAL. C. C. Reynolds 1835 H. C. Whitford 1833 O. H. Bennett 1832 W. B. Douglas 1835 Wm. Beckit 1836 Wm. McFarland 1832 Thos. Pope 1837 Fred. Collins 1837 A. E. Drain 1836 J. H. Eckes 1842 J. Montgomery, Ohio 1839 Sam Bryerton, Pennsylvania 1841 Chas. Ballou, Tennessee 1826 Jos. Hanks, Indiana 1826 Geo. Green, Pennsylvania 1837 J. B. Lung, Kentucky 1835 A. J. Pautz 1840 G. O. Pond 1839 Wm. Taylor 1832 John Dannery 1831 Martin Stewart 1832 Anna Broady 1827 O. Waddell 1829 Wm. Goodman 1823 David Curl 1831 Hugh Lewis 1837 J. O. Waddell 1829 A. C. Porter '...-¦ 1846 U. S. Pinfred 1838 J. M. Cyrus 1838 Jno. Linn 1839 S. N. Black 1836 A. F. Campbell 1838 L. E Reynolds 1835 J. C. Malthaner 1856 J.C.Cox 1838 Isaac McNeil 1849 Wm. Bellew 1826 Jos. B. Gilpin 1842 Jas. Wisehart 1834 J. P. Shannon 1837 Mrs. Mary E. Butz 1829 A. H. D. Butz 1834 E. L. Bartholomew 1835 Wm. Mibby 1837 Jno. Howell 1831 W. W. Glenn 1828 E. B. Hoyt 1843 P. H. McFarland 1832 A. G. Laning 1845 J. Robinson 1833 David Wolfe 1831 J.C. Browdy 1830 D. W. Campbell 1831 J. T. Alexander 1838 H. C. Craig 1829 Horace Reynolds 1835 A W. Blakesley 1841 400 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. NAMES. DATE OP ARRIVAL. T.Graff. 1844 J. B. Shahaney 1838 W. W. Shannon 1842 Mary H. Gurn 1836 T. E. Durant 1837 W. D. Dodd 1827 G. R. Phelps 1833 Jenny Lane 1836 E. S. Frank 1852 J. J.Earl 1845 J. L. Lucas 1850 Rebecca Earl 1827 Margaret Allen 1838 Mrs. E. Mellon 1844 Thos. Reddick 1829 Thos. Briggs 1833 Chas. Chase 1830 M. L. Stewart 1837 E.B. Keep 1837 D. G. McFarland 1834 Mrs. Ann Root 1829 T. L. Howden 1838 Lydia E. Howden 1832 J . Pills, Pennsylvania 1840 K. Clarkson 1816 Oliver Howes, Massachusetts 1830 C. G. Timmons, Ohio 1838 Geo. McMurray, Kentucky 1829 Bradly Stewart, Ohio 1833 Julia A. Dodd 1835 Christian Piles, Pennsylvania 1840 Rebecca Chase, Pennsylvania 1830 J. D. Morris 1852 Jno. Pierce 1829 Cynthia Robinson 1833 Eliza W. Duncan, Kentucky 1829 J. C. Robinson 1835 Leonard Hoffman, New Jersey 1836 Josiah Douglas, Kentucky 1835 J. C. Smith, Kentucky 1836 W. C. Robinson, North Carolina 1833 G. J. Akers 1836 Frank Parker 1850 J. L. Hopper, Tennessee 1839 Jno. Craig, Kentucky 1829 G. C. Trotter, South Carolina 1836 J. O. Bernard, Kentucky 1834 W. A. Wallace, Kentucky 1835 Martin W. Larby 1830 Mary A. Wallace, Kentucky 1835 Eleanor Ploehonse, Kentucky 1831 NAMES. DATE OP ARRIVAL. Daniel Lix 1829 T. P. Coan 1836 Jno. Petrie 1835 Dan Pile, Tennessee 1831 Geo. Petrie 1834 A. K. Powers, Virginia 1832 J. H. McFarling, Ohio 1834 Jno. McCoy 1834 J. F. Owen 1834 W. D. Ruddell 1834 Thos. Leachman 1837 M. F. Alexander 1841 J. Franklin 1840 W. H. Miller, Ohio 1850 W. W. McFarland 1837 Sarah Stewart 1830 Lriah Henson 1849 H. R. Motter 1855 Mary M. Lung, Delaware 1833 W. F. Rampy , 1839 Jefferson Cleaver, Vermont 1836 J. B. Hendricks 1832 Isom Vancel 1828 J. W. Pearce, Tennessee 1831 Woodford Lawrence, Virginia 1831 Dan Bolinger ! . -1836 Jas. A. Wallace, Kentucky 1835 R. Campbell, Tennessee 1851 F M. Curry 1830 E H. Hamilton, Kentucky 1833 J. B. Montgomery, Ohio 1840 W. H. Langdon, Indiana 1837 G. Fry, Kentucky -. 1836 R. R. Garner, Indiana 1831 E. C. Downey, Indiana 1835 J. R. Kern, Virginia 1840 Julia Rampy 1831 Emma Maden 1842 E. Downing, Indiana 1831 Mrs. E. Notin 1828 G. W. Cox 1841 N. Swain 1841 A. Geddings 1835 N. L. Garner 1831 W. H. Gage 1836 J. H. Madan. 1852 John Donnely. 1831 Francis Amen 1832 Christiana Kennedy 1830 P. A. Howes 1830 Oliver Howes 1830 At the next meeting of the Association, which was in 1871, the follow ing by-laws were adopted: Section 1. The Old Settlers' Society shall hold their meetings annually, on the first Thursday, and the Friday next thereafter, in the month of September. Section 2. The hour of meeting shall be 10 o'clock, a. m., of the first day, and at the hour of 9 o'clock, a. m., of the second day. Section 3. At the appointed hour the President shall call the society to order; and if he be not present, the oldest Vice-President shall preside. Section 4. Special meetings of the society may be called by the President on the written application of at least twenty members of the society ; and in case of the death, absence, or inability of the President, the oldest Vice-President shall act. The time and place of such meeting shall be named in such call, as also the object of such meeting. HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 401 Article II. — Duties op Qppicers. Section 1. The Secretary of the society shall keep a correct record of all proceedings of the society, which shall be furnished for publication to the Historian ; and it shall be the duty of the Historian to publish, in connection with the minutes of the Secretary, all the historical facts collected by such historian, under the care and supervision of the Executive Committee. Section 2. The Treasurer shall collect and take care of all moneys of the Society, and pay it out on the order of the Committee of General Arrangements, properly attested and approved by the Finance Committee. Article III.— Elections. Section 1. The elections for officers shall take place and be held at the hour of 4 o'clock, p. m., of the second day's meeting (nevertheless the society, for convenience, may hold said election at some other hour, if so determined by a vote of the society), annually, and may be by ballot, if so desired by the society, at the time of such election, a majority of all the votes cast being necessary to a choice. Article IV. — Standing Committees. Section 1. The Standing Committee shall be an executive committee, as provided in the constitution, and a finance committee, consisting of three (3), whose duty shall be to look after and properly take care of the finances of the society, and see that all claims against the society are correct before the same is paid, and they shall report the condition of the finances annually to the society. special committees. Section 2. There shall be a committee of general arrangements, consisting of ten, to be appointed (as well as all other committees not otherwise provided for), by the president, or in case of his disability to act, the oldest vice-president, at least one month before the annual meeting, whose duty it shall be to appoint such other committees as may be neces sary, and make all necessary arrangements for the comfort and accommodation of the society. Article V. — Membership. Section 1. All persons who are residents of Adams or Brown counties may become members of this association by registering their names on the journal of the society and paying fifty cents as an admittance fee to the treasurer, and thereafter annually twenty-five , cents, which funds shall be applied to defray the expenses of the society, and if there be a surplus fund it shall be disposed of as may be directed by the society. The signers of the society register that year, which included some of the citizens of Brown and other adjacent counties, was as follows: NAME AND NATIVITY. CAME TO NAME AND NATIVITY. CAME TO STATE. STATE. William J. Rogers, Conn 1831 J. N. Ralston, Ky 1833 J. C. Kirkpatrick, Tenn 1829 Peter Ausmus, Tenn 1817 Wilson Vanderlip, N. Y 1838 Nancy Ann Haley, Ky 1834 Henry Asbury, Ky 1834 John Metz, Va 1835 John Dawson, N. C 1816 John Hagerty, Ky 1831 Robert Tillson, Mass 1822 John H. Keller, Sr. N. C 1831 Daniel Wilkes, Ky 1831 M. M. Bane, Ohio 1845 ThomasLacky, Pa 1823 Mary A. Combs, Ky 1829 C. Weeks, 111 1823 Jackson Davis, Va 1830 David Cure, Ky 1831 James Campbell, Ky 1830 0. C. Miner, N. Y 1836 Elnor Johnson, Ky 1831 James McCrarq, Penn 1826 Granville Bond, Ky 1827 S. P. Church, R. 1 1835 Elizabeth Bond, Ky 1827 Lorenzo Bull, Conn 1833 Jessie M. Kirkpatrick, Tenn 1827 Bradley Steward, Ohio 1833 M. S. Taylor, Ky 1833 A. Stewart, Ohio 1833 John H. Best, Ireland 1838 David K. Watson, Ohio 1836 John McCoy, Ky 1834 Josiah Bell, Ohio 1837 Mrs. Nancy Howes, Mass 1830 Richard Slaton, Ky 1823 R. H. Hurlbut, Vt 1834 Edward Jamison, Ireland 1838 Hugh Lewis, N. J 1837 John A. White, Tenn 1833 Sally Ann Johnson, Ind 1818 David Locke, Ky 1830 Ebenezer Turner, Me 1831 Sidney Parker, Vt 1834 John Downing, Va 1831 A. B. Kirkpatrick, Ga 1802 402 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. EARLY EXPERIENCE. Lorenzo Bull, speaking of courts in 1833, says, K. M. Young was judge of the Circuit Court ; Henry II. Snow, clerk, recorder and clerk of Commissioners' Court; he was also probate judge, notary public, po lice magistrate, and had been post-master. Snow only made a meager living out of all his offices. Mr. Bull, at six dollars a month and board, did the bulk of the work and soon began to accumulate money. The sons of the Nutmeg State almost always thrive in new countries, and Mr. Bull has become a brilliant exponent of the general rule. The court was held in those days in a two-story log building, that stood on the corner of Maine and Fifth, afterward Dimnocks', and now Huffmans' business stand. It had a puncheon floor and a carpenter shop in the second story, which was also used as a town hall. This building was burned and nobody seemed to regret it. Mr. Bull describes the seal of Adams county as being of very primitive construction. The seal was fixed into a rough frame against the wall, and a walnut rail used for a lever to bring the impression out upon the paper ; upon the extreme end of this, it was the custom of Mr. Bull to throw his avoirdupois, and thereby produce the seal of the county of Adams. For two years all the records are still seen in Mr. BullTs handwriting. Gov. Glenn's history of early times embodies some remarkable incidents of pioneer days, and he says, in an address before the old settlers : i " Mills were very scarce in those days. I can remember my father go ing sixty miles to mill, but then he took as much grain as ten yoke of oxen could haul, and did not have to go again for six months. Hominy was a very convenient substitute for the staff of life, and the labors of the day were often supplemented by a course of hominy beating after supper." " This process of obtaining food was common among all the men of early days, and the hominy morter, and later the hominy mill, was an institution of the land. There was also a variety of this food known as hulled corn or lye hominy, and this use of chemical agents, instead of laborious me chanical appliance, was very popular with the young and rising generation. "Many of the agricultural implements used by early settlers were of a unique character and suited to the exigencies of the times. Harrows were constructed from the fork of a tree, and supplied with wooden teeth. Plows were of divers pattern and various shapes. Wooden mold boards, made from a tree that twisted against the sun, or with it, as you desired to turn the furrow to the right or left, fastened on the plowshare and attached to the stock, furnished the implement for plowing the ground. "The wheat was cut with the old-fashioned sickle or reap-hook. Cradles afterwards superseded the sickles, although at first bitterly opposed by many as an innovation. " The clothing of the pioneers was all of domestic manufacture. Wool, flax, and even cotton were products of the country. These the women wove and spun into various kinds of cloth such as linen, linsey, jeans, and cotton cloth." Mr. Wm. D. Dodd in his remarks at one of these meetings stated that his was the ninth family in Quincy. He described the old bar-shear plow, and stated that he had marched behind one of them many a day with no other clothing upon his person than what is generally worn beneath a man's vest. His father traded a clock for an acre of ground at the corner of Twelfth and Maine streets, and Governor Wood afterwards bought it for $100. Mr. Thomas Sackey, of Adams county, also brought up many old facts. LIBERTY TOWNSIHP HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 403 He could not complain of hardships in particular, the people of that day were generally of the right kind. When you went to a neighbor's house then, the first thing asked was, " Have you been to dinner?" and hospitality always prevailed. He spoke of the big snow in 1830, and said he was in Morgan county, and wanted to get home. The storm was blinding, and it was almost impossible to face it. After several trials he got a good hold of the tail of one Of the oxen, and told him to go. The ox went dragging him on the snow and finally landed him at the house. During these times it is said that two and a-half bushels of shelled corn would buy one yard of domestic or one pound of coffee. In August the settlers were very liable to take the ague or "shakes," as they were called, which is a malarious disease not yet entirely driven from the country. In the old settlers meeting of 1872, George McMurray said : " He came to this country in 1829, and had lived here ever since. He was poor like some of his neighbors, but always kad something to eat. He went a bee-hunting once, and got into a nettle patch, and thought at first he was walking on snakes. He looked for snakes three times and that ended his bee-hunt. He lay on the west side of the branch north of Clay ton one winter night without any covering except his coat. He went to sleep, and he waked up in the night and found that he was cold, and had to roll around on the grass before he could limber himself up. He traveled 600 miles from Quincy to Kentucky and back on six bits and didn't sponge or beg." Mr. Joseph Turner stated that^he came to Adams Co. in 1834, and was informed by George Campbell that the first white man who built a house in Adams was named Lyle. Mr. Campbell was the only neighbor to Lyle for many years. Mr. Wm. M. Dodd also related his experience. He said among other things that his father bought a lot of Ed. Pearce on the corner of Fourth and Maine streets (which included what was lately Dr. Kallston's property) for $130 in trade. The first person who ever made a shoe for sale in Quincy was a man named Drnland, of French extraction. Mr. Harrison Dills told of the summary punishment of a thief who was ordered to run the gauntlet, and right where the Yirginia house used to stand the double line of men was formed, each armed with a hickory stick, and after the peculator had made the trip through those lines he was ready to " go west," or anywhere to be away from Quincy. Solomon Wigle related that in the year 1828, three stray cattle came into the neighborhood where his father resided, and Mr. Wigle, Sr., took them up and advertised them as the law required. One of them proved to be so unruly that he could not be restrained in any ordinary enclosure, and roamed over the country at will, annoying the community until forbearance ceasing to be a virtue, they held a consultation, at which it was decided that something must be done; and as they believed in the principles of justice, they concluded to give him a trial for his life. Accordingly a regular court was organized, with judge, sheriff, jurors and attorneys, and a fair and impartial trial was held at the new log schoolhouse, which resulted in verdict of guilty and the penalty of death to the offending steer. He was to be slaughtered and properly dressed upon a given day and the beef di vided per capita among the families of the neighborhood. The hide was to be converted into a rawhide belt for Mr. Wigle's horse grist-mill. The sentence was executed to the letter, this being the first case of capital pun ishment in the county. 404 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Col. C. A. Warren relates that when he first came to Adams county he and his niece crossed the Mississippi river July 4, 1836, where Keokuk and his followers, ten in number, had pitched their tents and were worship ing their spirit Manitou by sacrificing a black dog. On the corner of their tent hung a string of ten scalps — -taking scalps was the corner-stone of their' civilization. The chief took the hand of Mr. Warren's niece and counting the rings upon her fingers said, " How many scalps you take." That was the nature of civilization then. Col. Warren refers to the time when Quincy lawyers, in the days of " Sacketts Harbor," rode from Quincy to Springfield on horseback. He says that Judge O. C. Skinner, Hon. O. H. Browning, Hon. A. Williams and himself frequently got stuck in the "Harbor" (now the site of Mound Station) and had to help each other out. Robert Becket, of Clayton, spoke of the open prairie where Keokuk Junction now stands. He has hunted wolves on that identical spot, and was positive at that time that it would never be settled up. The settlers then came to a new country singly and by families, but now the case is different, for they go in gangs, which latter method he considered a great improvement on the former. A. T. Stone, of Quincy, in speaking of the early times in Adams county says that when he came, which was in 1822, Gov. Wood lived in a small cabin in Quincy, where the Tellico mill is now situated. Henry Lyle lived at Liberty, and these, with a few other families, constituted the population of Adams county. In Schuyler county, Bushville only contained half a dozen families. At Atlas, the county seat of Pike county, which county included an immense territory, not more than three families resided. He knew all the families that lived in the military tract. Up to 1830 the emigration was very scarce. The deep snow of that year was very severe, and prevented many from coming, as they had fears that the snow would cause loss of life. Settlers did not commence coming in until 1833. The wood was never prepared in those days in the fall, but a tree was cut as needed in the winter. The tree was hauled to the cabin and used up as required. FIRST FEEEY. In the year 183S, May 16, Woodford Lawrence in company with two other men, built the first ferry boat that probably ever crossed the Missis sippi river in the vicinity of Quincy. It was constructed of two canoes, a platform connecting them, around which a railing was built to keep the animals and other passengers from falling off into the water. The first passengers were three horses which were safely carried across one at a time. This primitive ferry made the trip across the river at the mouth of Mill creek. It was built for the purpose of carrying the horses across the river, their owners being desirous of taking a trip in the State of Missouri. As showing the extreme cold weather of the winter of 1843, it is stated that on the 3rd of April, Jacob Abbott, and Jacob Hunsaker crossed the Mississippi on the ice. They made tin; trip on foot, leaving the Missouri shore at Hannibal, and arrived safely at their homes in Payson and Liberty townships, returning from a visit in Missouri. They had long poles to assist them in case the ice gave away, but the ice was found to be safe. EAELY CUSTOMS. While the early settlers toiled hard, they were not averse to a little re laxation, and had their season for fun and enjoyment. If they did not re- HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 405 ceive the visits of the theatrical or minstrel troop, they contrived to break the monotony of their daily life. Among the more general forms of amuse ment were the " quilting bee," the " corn-husking," or "corn-shucking," and the " apple-paring." The " quilting-bee," as the name would indicate was where the industrious qualities of the busy little insect that " improves each shining hour " was exemplified in making quilts for the household in which the " bee " was held. In the afternoon the ladies for miles around gathered at the appointed place, and while their tongues would not cease to play, their hands were kept busy in making the quilt. A great desire was always felt by all present to complete the work as soon as possible, for then the real fun began. In the evening the gentlemen came, and their arrival was the notice to commence some boisterous yet innocent game in which all joined. The dance also constituted a part of the evening's amuse ment. "Corn husking" was where both sexes joined in the husking. They assembled in a large barn which was prepared for the occasion, and when each gentleman had selected a lady partner the husking began. When a lady found a red ear she was entitled to a kiss from each gentleman; if a gentleman found one he was allowed to kiss every lady present. This fea ture of the programme was a source of unlimited fun and frolic. After the corn had been husked, the floor was cleared and the old violin brought into requisition, when the merry dance followed, continuing until broad day light in the morning. " Apple paring" often called the young people together, on which occa sion the apples were pared for the winter's sauce. The same concluding festivities followed the apple paring as was the case with the " quilting bee " and " corn husking." Hunting was a favorite amusement of the men. Game was killed as much for the pastime it afforded as to supply the wants and necessities of the families. House-raising furnished another occasion for assemblages and enjoy ment. Buildings were then made of such massive timbers as to require a large force of men to erect them, which was done solely by muscular power, all the appliances of modern times for such purposes being entirely ignored, if not unknown. On these occasions liquor was always free to all present. These raisings were cheerfully performed by all the neighbors, knowing the assistance would be returned should occasion require it. Log rolling was another source of profit and recreation combined. When a man had felled the timber on a considerable space of ground, it was impos sible for him, without aid, to get the logs together so as to burn them. He therefore invited all his neighbors, who came with a good will, and brought the logs together. The work ended with a supper and a social good time. Election day was observed as a holiday. The men came to the polls, voted, drank, wrestled, ran foot races, and otherwise enjoyed themselves. LOST CHILDEEN. While David Campbell was away, on a trip to Kentucky on business, in the Fall of 1832, his two sons, James and his next oldest brother were ¦sent by their mother in search of the cows, which, in those days, roamed at will over many square miles of unfenced and uncultivated lands. They were aged six and eight years respectively. They started, and while 406 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. wandering through the thickets that skirted Little Missouri creek, became confused and lost their way. After roving about until late in the cool, frosty October night, bare-foot and thinly clad, and leaving mueh of the clothing with which they started among the brush and briars, they sought the most dense part of a hazel thicket, and breaking some of the boughs, stuck them in the ground to protect themselves from the wind, procured clubs with which to defend themselves from the wolves and bears, and lay down to rest, each taking turns to warm the other's feet. Their mother became alarmed, searched for them in vain, and went to Obadiah Nixe's, — who was the first settler in Clayton township, — living two miles distant, and notified his family. One of their number rode to the other neighbor, three or four miles farther away, and they united in the search for the lost boys, hallowing as they went. They found them about'four o'clock in the morning, and conveyed them to their almost distracted mother unharmed, but nearly perishing with cold. The first mill ever constructed within the limits of the city was in 1824, when a Dr. Baker, seeing the necessity of such an invention, contrived a machine for pounding corn, the motive power being the running water of a creek on whose banks the primitive mill was erected. Placing the grain in a mortar, an industrious pestle soon reduced it to a state suitea to manufacture " hoe cakes." A tragical incident connected with the his tory of this, " the first grist mill in Quincy," should not be omitted. On£ night when the mill was in active operation, an unsophisticated coon, instil gated by the gnawings of hunger, or perhaps by motives of curiosity^ attempted to penetrate into its hidden recesses. The descending pestle gave him a forcible intimation that his presence was undesired, and knock! ing him into the mortar, it continued to pound him with a hearty good will until morning, by which time we may conclude that his spirit ofi exploration was effectually subdued. The condition of the " grist " may , be more easily imagined than described. The importance of these old settler organizations must be manifest to every one, as considered solely for their historical features. They serve to keep alive memories of those early days in the settlement of a new coun try, that become valuable, not alone to those interested by personal pres ence, but to the general public, as furnishing facts that, without these associations, would remain untold and unpublished. The lives and hardships of the pioneers are prolific sources of interest, as from their histories we glean the nobility of the human character when tested in the crucible of necessity. As a general rule these early settlers were bold, honest, hospitable, self-reliant, and industrious; in these respects, no matter from whence they came, they assimilated and became one people, united by that common interest, the building of homes and founding a new country. In their lives, they exemplified " honest work for to-day; honest hope for to-morrow," and the present time illustrates the success of their undertaking. The populous country, with its improved system of mechanical implements, the school-house and the church, scat tered over the face of the land, the railroads, connecting with their iron bands the East with the West, the thriving city and the growing town, all bear testimony to the wisdom of the early settlers who built, not alone for themselves, but for posterity. The entire Western world, and more par ticularly the Western States, is the heritage that these daring, honest and frugal people leave as an everlasting monument to their memory. I £3g (^r^^h-rT~t-^^ QUJNCY HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 407 CHAPTER XII. Bench and Bar — Judges of Ciecuit Couet— Peimitive Peactice — Early Membees — Legal Contests — Bae Association. bench and bae. The following interesting account of the judges who have presided in the Quincy Judicial District, is from the pen of Gen. John Tillson, of Quincy. To his kindness in permitting its publication in the present work, and for other material assistance in furnishing information" relating to the early history of the city and county, acknowledgment is hereby made. The Adams county bench and bar have alike sustained a proverbial prominence in the legal traditions of Illinois since the county organization, fifty years ago. For a score or more of years subsequent to 1825 the bar stood prominent in public recognition of capacity, acquirement and success. It was the bar of the "Military Tract" — that portion of the State comprehended between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers and south of the latitude of Rock Island, which had been- reserved by the general government for the soldiers of the war of 1812, and thus acquired the name of "Military Tract" or "Bounty Lands." The unavoidable issues arising from the collision between the claimants to these lands under the government patent and those under State tax title opened at once an arena for the development and display of the highest grade and need of legal talent. Land law demands for its comprehension and practice a more profound capacity and more devoted learning than any other field of the great pro fession. Here it was cultivated. Here leading legal intellects gathered and strove. Here and by them were the broad land questions litigated, and herefrom the great lawyers made their periodical tours throughout the "tract" — where their names were as familiar as home words — in attendance on the semi-annual circuits of the court. Their attainments, prestige and success are a fresh existing remembrance to many, especially as there are still among us a number of noted Nestors of the bar, with the proud record of between forty and fifty years of practice, and to whose names have been attached public distinctions additional to their forensic fame. Of the bench, however, though equally entitled to remembrance, less special knowledge has been preserved. Of the eleven judges who have presided over the Adams county circuit since 1825 the writer remembers all, and has been personally acquainted with all except the first, and it is proposed to give of them a skeleton sketch, with the regret that want of space precludes a more ample delineation of their careers and characteristics. John Yorcke Sawyer, the first circuit judge, was a native of Yermont. His name appears enrolled as a lawyer December 7, 1820. As a lawyer he must have achieved a good reputation to have secured the appointment of judge at a time when New England men were, popularly at a discount in 408 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Illinois. On the bench he sustained an excellent reputation for integrity and ability, and was better educated than the majority of lawyers of his time. He was appointed at the session of 1824-25 and two years later was legislated out of office by the law of '26-7, which repealed the circuit court system and threw upon the supreme judges circuit court duty. Judge Sawyer's first court was held in July, 1825, in the 16-feet square cabin of Willard Keyes, on Front street, near the foot of Yermont ; this being. selected as the only one of the three cabins then composing Quincy where there were no children. This session was but formal, and the first business term of the court was held on the 31st of October following. Judge Sawyer will be most remembered for his remarkable size. He was really a monster, weighing well up to 400 pounds. Our massive Senator Davis could have sat all day in his shade, while to balance the family sub stance he was the proprietor of a nice little wife who had hard work to send up the scale at ninety pounds. He was of a jolly nature, as most fat men are, and this genial trait, added to his probity and acquirements, made him popular and respected during his two years' term. His wit was proverbial. " Madam," said he to an old Quincy landlady, " ain't your cows of different colors?" "Yes," said she, "we've got 'em black, and red, and white and spotted." "I thought so," says the roguish judge, " your butter speckles that way." After leaving the bench he resumed the practice of his profession at Yandalia, the then State capital, and died March 13, 1836, being at the time editor of the Yandalia Advocate.' He was succeeded by one of the supreme judges whose name stands recorded as the first licensed lawyer in Illinois, May 14, 1819. Samuel D. Lockwood, who was born in central New York, came to Illi nois in 1818 ; stopped first at Kaskaskia, and finally settled in Jacksonville, made that place his residence until after being retired from the bench in 1848, he removed to Batavia, in Kane county, where he died about six years since. He had an excellent education, a very refined mind, studious habits, and proverbial purity of character. Lifted early in life to the supreme bench, he honored the ermine as few others have. His appearance was ap propriate and imposing — white-haired while yet young, of graceful form, dignified and courteous in demeanor, he was a model jurist, and if not pos sessing the higher native intellect of some who graced the supreme bench, in the. aggregate of qualification he was unexcelled. No public man of Illi nois has passed under a longer period of constant observation and been clothed with as much of general confidence and respect. It might be said of him, as Daniel Webster said of Chief Justice Jay, that when the spot less ermine of the judicial robe fell on him it touched nothing less spotless than itself. Judge Lockwood's political connections were with the Whig and subsequently Republican party. The business devolving upon the supreme judges, as they were required to do circuit duty, had so greatly increased that in 1831 a partial reor ganization of the system was made and a fifth judicial circuit established, comprising the military tract, to which was appointed Richard M. Young, a Kentuckian by birth, whose legal career in Illinois was almost coeval with the existence of the State. He was a gentleman of exemplary habits, re fined and industrious tastes, possessed of strong common sense and very much personal dignity of manner, but was devoid of mental sprightliness HISTOEY OP ADAMS COUNTY. 409 or social magnetism. It is curious that with his slow, unimaginative mind and nature, seeming to border almost on dullness, he should have trodden such a prominent and successful political and public life. Men more gifted in every way than he were his associates, hut they were dis tanced when they became his rivals ; and it must be said of Judge Young that while never attaining a superior or commanding position, he sustained his public trust respectably and up to a complete public confidence. He was a child of fortune. His service as a judge ceased in 1837, when he took his seat in the United States Senate, to which he had been elected the previous winter. Filling out his full term of six years, during which time he was appointed by Governor Carlin State Agent, and visited Europe in that capacity; at the close of the same in 1841, he was appointed to the su preme bench; and afterward clerk of the House of Representatives in Washington ; also commissioner of the general land office. Later he en gaged in a legal and agency business until his mind gave way, and his last days were passed in an insane asylum. His political affiliations were always with the old Jackson, afterward Democratic, party. The seat vacated by Judge Young, in 1837, was filled by the appoint ment of James H. Ralston, who had for several years been an active prac ticing lawyer of Quincy, and member of the legislature in 1836 and 1837. He, like his predecessor, and indeed like most of the prominent men during the early days of Illinois, was a native of Kentucky. His charac teristics were industry and caution. His legal acquirements were greater than his success. He. was a tall, rather ungraceful man, and not attractive as a speaker. A mistaken ambition for political positions, for which he was not peculiarly fitted, drew him away from the line of professional life, wherein he was graduall}* attaining success. His reputation on the bench exceeded that which he had as a lawyer. He resigned in 1838, was elected State senator in 1840, ran unsuccessfully for Congress in 1841 against John T. Stuart, in the district composed of the entire portion of the State north of and including Green county, afterwards emigrated to California, and met with an unfortunate death, his remains being found in the woods, where he either suddenly died or was slain by wild beasts. He was succeeded in 1839 by Peter Lott, one of the most genial men that ever graced the .Adams county bench. Judge Lott came to Illinois in 1835 from New Jer sey, his native State, locating first at Carthage, Hancock county. A few months later he removed to Quincy, where he resided for the next sixteen or seventeen years. He was a man of more than ordinary ability and attainments, with inherent legal qualifications, but of a rather indolent and pleasure-loving nature, which detracted from his success as a lawyer. These traits did not, however, affect his value on the bench, where he made a most excellent record. In person, Judge Lott was above the medium height, powerfully built, of light complexion and hair, with a broad face singularly expressive of humor. He, like Judge Ralston, was a Whig until about 1836, when he joined the Democratic party, of which he became a prominent member. Retired from the bench in 1841 under the operation of the reorganization judiciary law, he resumed legal practice, was elected to the lower house of the Legislature inU844, enlisted as a private in Col. Bissell's regiment of Illinois infantry on the outbreak of the Mexican war, soon after became captain, and acquired credit at the battle of Buena Yista. On his return home he was in 1848 elected circuit clerk and recorder. This ofiice he held for four years, and shortly after the expiration of his 410 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. term he went to California, was there put in charge of the United States mint, and died a few years later. The Democratic party in the legislature, dissatisfied with the complex ion of the supreme court, which was composed of four judges, three Whigs and one Democrat, all of whom held office by a life tenancy under the con stitution, at the session of 1840-41 reorganized the' judiciary by abolishing the circuit judge system, mustering them all out and adding five judges to the supreme bench (all Democrats) and imposing circuit court duty upon the supreme judges. The appointment from this district fell upon Stephen A. Douglas, who assumed the office in 1841. Judge Douglas' his tory is so nationally known that it is needless to take space for its repeti tion. His career as a judge was popular and creditable. While not hav ing been considered as ranking among the leading lawyers of the State, as he had been devoted more to political than to legal preferences, whatever defects he may have had from this inattention to the profession was more than atoned, for by his acute and powerful native ability. He had several vexatious local questions to determine, connected with the Mormons, and the division of Adams county, which created conflicting feeling at the' time, but on which he managed to maintain general confidence. On his election to Congress in 1843, over O. H. Browning, after the ablest and most closely contested Congressional canvass ever made in the State, he was succeeded by Jesse B. Thomas, a son of the Jesse B. Thomas who was terri torial judge of Illinois from 1809 to 1819, one of the first two United States senators, and the author of the famous "Missouri Compromise." Judge Thomas was probably born in Indiana territory. He was a large, plethoric man, not wanting in ability — a gentleman, and well educated, dignified in his manner, and gave general satisfaction ; but his record was not one of especial mark, though creditable. He was, like his predecessor, a Democrat in politics. Transferred after a term of two years to a northern circuit, he died a few years later. His successor in 1843 was Norman H. Purple, the most superior judge in most respects that ever ruled in this circuit, who was a striking illustra tion of the singular fitness that some men possess for special positions. His rank as a lawyer was high, but his peculiar capacities were best exhib ited after his accession to the bench. He was pre-eminently a jurist. Well read, possessed with a quick, clear intellect, and a cold, analytical intuition, that could not be swerved by fancy or feeling, honorable and conscientious as well as sagacious, he poised the scales of justice with an accurate hand. Prompt, precise and brief in his rulings, he held alike the confidence of the bar in professional and its attachment in social relations. He was an agreeable companion, though not disposed to accepting general acquain tance. He was of tall and rather slender frame, with sharp but regularly cut features, and a physiognomy noticeable for the expression of intellect and reserve. The constitution of 1848 making judges elective, and the circuits being changed at the same time, disuniting Adams and Peoria counties, Judge Purple, whose residence had been at Peoria, declined further service on the bench in this circuit, to the regret of the members of the bar, who compli mented him with a banquet on his retiracy. He was, we think, a native of New York, and after his return to Peoria and retirement from the bench, successfully resumed practice. He died some fifteen years ago. His successor in 1848 was William A. Minshall, of Schuyler county, HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 411 elected as the whig candidate over William R. Aicher, of Pike county. Judge Minshall was one of the oldest lawyers in the State, of much more than average intellectual strength. He came upon the bench at a late pe riod of life, with his fine native faculties impaired by age and early care lessness. He had for years stood at the head of the bar in his own county, and when lifted to the bench maintained his previously acquired creditable reputation. It was his ill fortune, as it was of all the elected judge of that year, to enter upon judicial eminence attended by the rancor of politi cal strife. Previously, under the old constitution, the judiciary had been removed from immediate connection with party politics. When, however, on the first occasion where the judicial office was made popularly elective, partisan feeling was thrown into the contest with the utmost bitterness, and at this time, when the elective judiciary system has settled to a condition beyond the control of political interest and feeling, one can not realize the acrimony that throughout the State attached to and followed these first judicial elections. Judge Minshall was a heavy-built man, about the medium height, with a countenance indicating solidity rather than quickness of thought. He died at Rushville about twenty years since. He was a native, we think, of Kentucky, and had resided before coming to Illinois in Ohio. Adams and Hancock counties being created a separate circuit in 1851, Judge Minshall was succeeded by Onias C. Skinner, who for several years had been a prominent lawyer in Hancock county and equally so in Quincy, his later residence. A singular career was that of Judge Skinner. With a much more than ordinary intellect and legal aptitude, hampered by limited education, his native force of character finally lifted him above earlier de fects to a front rank among lawyers and jurists. As a lawyer he was the most daring, speculative and successful litigant that ever practiced in the Adams county bar. No stronger or more energetic reliance in doubtful or desperate cases could be found than he. As a counselor he was not so excellent. On the bench his standing was high. Acute, courteous and proud of his position, he fully filled the requisites of his place, and it was a regret to the profession that on a vacancy occurring in the supreme court he offered as a candidate and was elected over Stephen T. Logan and Chas. H. Constable, two highly eminent lawyers — the first named especially being the Nestor of the Illinois Bar. As before said, Judge Skinner's life was almost a romance. > Hardly an occupation can be named in which he had not engaged — cabin boy on canal boat, sailor on the lakes, school teacher, farmer, preacher, finally set tling down to his proper profession. He was a member of the House of Representatives in 1848, and also of the constitutional^ convention of 1870, where he occupied the position of chairman of the judiciary committee. He was born in Oneida county, New York, and died in Quincy in 1877, where he had resided and been conspicuous at the bar for nearly thirty years. Skeptical in many things, but radically set in his own views, he possessed a force, energy and sagacity of character that raised him to a singular eminence. On his retirement from the bench in 1855, Joseph Sibley was elected to succeed, and has received four subsequent elections, being now in his twenty-fourth year of service. Of these eleven judges who have pre sided over this circuit since 1825, Judge Sibley, the present incum bent, is the only one living. It is only of those who have gone that we 412 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. proposed to briefly sketch. There were giants in those days — strong men now passed away. Less learned than those who have followed them, yet in intellectual strength they were more than the peers of their successors. The founders and f'ramers of our great commonwealth were the young, ardent, ambitious, adventurous men who lived, struggled and succeeded on their inherent resource. Scores of lawyers' libraries to-day severally con tain more authorities than the whole State of Illinois could show a half- century since. Hence rudimental acquirement, intuitive capacity, and the sharpened keenness resulting from mental collision and attention formed the brilliant lawyer of early days. With the varied and abstruse compli cations of law attaching to the interests of a populous community as now, they had but little to do, but the questions that came before them were ( met and surmounted, and Illinois can safely and with satisfaction, sweep ing the dust from its earlier annals and recalling the names of many now half forgotten, point to the same with pride and say, these were our State f'ramers, our early lawyers. In addition to the eleven judges above named, since the act creating the Appellate Court of this State, and the redistricting of the State, the counties of Brown, Hancock, Fulton, Schuyler, Pike, and McDonough are included in the district of which this county is a part, and the bench is composed of three judges, J. Sibley, C. L. Higbee, and S. P. Shope being the present members of the bench. THE BAE. The members constituting the legal fraternity at Quincy have always held a high place in the estimation of the profession, as from its earliest formation, back in 1831, up to the present time, the Quincy bar has main tained its reputation for superiority. The early bar included names that have since become noted either on the bench or in the legislative halls, while the legal profession at the present day has among its members men who are a credit to any community. The first lawyer that ever made Quincy his residence was Louis Mas- querier, or Masquerre, who came to the then village of a few families in about 1827 or 1828. History does not record the fact that his first few years were made notable by being overwhelmed with legal business. It would seem, however, that the location was a desirable one, for in a very short time the bar of Quincy was increased by the arrival of new mem bers who, in prospecting, decided upon locating in Quincy. In the year 1831 the bar was composed of J. H. Ralston, who afterward became a judge of this judicial district; Archibald Williams, afterward a noted lawyer of the State; Louis Masquerier, who became noted as the first law yer in Quincy; O. H. Browning, who has since become a lawyer as well as a statesman of national reputation; and a lawyer by the name of Jeffries. This number was augmented by the arrival of Judge Young, who moved to Quincy in the latter year, as also did Thomas Ford, then the prosecuting attorney of the circuit, and afterward governor of the State. Mr. Hub bard, afterward governor of the State, soon removed to Quincy, and with Henry Asbury and James W. Whitney, known as "Lord Coke," and the others above named, composed the legal fraternity of Quincy and the western portion of the State. They were closely followed by Andrew Johnson, C. B. Lawrence, afterward supreme judge of the State, A. Jonas, C. A. Warren, A. Wheat, and others of later date. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 413 Among the many men at tho Quincy bar who have distinguished themselves outside of the legal practice may be mentioned Hon. O. H. Browning, of Quincy. As early as 1831 he left his native State of Kentucky and located in Quincy as a member of the bar. He was not slow to be prominently known, even among the great intellects that were accustomed to make the tour of this circuit, which included nearly one half of the present entire State. His reputation for ability being established, political honor sought him. In August, 1836, he was elected to the Illinois Senate and served four years in that body. In 1837 N. Bushnell arriving, he and Mr. Browning formed a law partnership which continued until the death of Mr. Bushnell. In 1842 Mr. Browning was again elected to the State Legislature, serving as a member of the As sembly. He ran as the Whig candidate for Congress, but was defeated by small majorities. Upon the death of Senator Douglas, Mr. Browning was appointed by the Governor to take the vacant seat until a successor could be elected by the legislature. After leaving the senate he opened a law office at the national capital, associating himself with Senator Cowan of Pennsylvania. In 1866 when President Johnson re-organized his cabinet, he called Mr. Browning to the position of the Secretary of the Interior. He retained this responsible position until the close of the administration acquitting himself of its duties with signal success. Since retiring from the cabine the has lived quietly at his home in Quincy, having a large and lucrative practice. He was elected a member of the last constitutional convention of Illinois, and by his presence and experience did his share in forming the present constitution. Hon. C. A. Warren, of Quincy, was born in New York in 1807, and received a common-school education. He entered a printing office and served his apprenticeship, and for a time worked side by side with Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune. While working at his trade Mr. War ren completed his legal studies, and was graduated from Transylvania, University in Kentucky, in 1834. He received his first diploma from the Supreme Court of Ohio, and commenced the practice of law at Batavia in that State, with Thos. Morris (father of Hon. Jno. N. Morris, of Quincy) afterwards U. S. Senator of Ohio, for a partner. In 1836, Mr. Warren came to Quincy, and after remaining one year, removed to Warsaw. He returned in 1839, and formed a partnership with J. H. Ralston. He also was in partnership with O. C. Skinner afterwards Supreme and Circuit Judge, and also George Edmonds, Jr., of Hancock county/ He served as- prosecuting attorney, and is still carrying on his practice. Gen. Jas. W. Singleton is another prominent man of the Quincy bar. He is a native of Yirginia, and early moved to Illinois, locating in Schuyler county. Here he practiced medicine and also devoted himself to the study of the law. He was elected twice to the Legislature, and also to the con stitutional convention in 1848. During the Mormon troublesat Nauvoo, he was assigned by the Governor to take command of the military at that. point, and remained there until the troubles were satisfactorily adjusted. In 1852 he came to Quincy, and at once identified himself with the interests of the place. He singly and alone constructed the railroad from Camp Point to the Illinois river at Meredosia. He served one time in the Legislature from Adams. His mission to Richmond, Ya., during the late war is well-known, he having visited the rebel capital at the request of 414 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. President Lincoln, in the hope of dissuading the confederates from con tinuing the struggle. His mission failed. In 1868 he was nominated for congress in the Fourth District, but was defeated. In 1878 he was .again nominated and elected by a large majority. Hon. Nehemiah Bushnell was a native of Connecticut, and graduated from Yale College in 1835. In 1837, after being admitted to the bar he came to Quincy, and the same year formed a partnership with Hon. O. H. Browning, which lasted until Mr. Bushnells death. Shortly after establish ing himself in Quincy, he conducted, the editoral department of the Quincy Whig. After leaving this journal he devoted his entire time and talents to his profession. He was considered a fine lawyer, and was a very energetic and persevering student even to the day of his death in 1874. Ex-Senator William A. Richardson, an honored citizen of Illinois was a resident of Quincy, where he died on the 27th of December, 1875. He was a native of Kentucky, being born in Fayette county in 1811. He received a liberal education for those early times which included a col legiate course at Transylvania University at Lexington, from which insti tution he graduated. After leaving college he completed the study of law and was admitted to the bar. Yery shortly after his admission, he came to Illinois and located at Shelbyville in 1831. In 1832 he volunteered in the Black Hawk war, serving some four months, when he removed to Rush- ville, the county seat of Schuyler county, where he continued to reside until 1849, when he removed to Quincy. His positions of honor and trust were many and include civil and military. In 1835 he was elected States Attorney, which position he resigned in 1836 to accept the position of member of the State Legislature for the county of Schuyler to which he was elected. In 1838 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1844 was a presi dential elector. He also was elected to the legislature and chosen speaker. At the commencement of the Mexican war in 1846, Mr. Richardson raised a company in Schuyler county and was made captain. This com pany joined the troops at Alton, Illinois, and was placed in the 1st Regi ment under the command of Col. J. J. Hardin. During the war the 1st regiment engaged in the battle of Buena Yista, where Captain Richard son was promoted on the field for brave conduct. After returning to Illinois, Mr. Richardson was elected in 1847 to Congress, where he continued by re-elections until 1856. In this latter year he resigned his seat in Congress to make the canvass for the gubernatorial chair of Illinois. Owing to the unpopularity of the Kansas and Nebraska bill which he defended, he was defeated by four thousand votes in a poll of two hundred and forty thousand. This was his first and only defeat. In 1857 he was made Governor of Nebraska, where he found the territory in the wildest confusion — no civil laws, and few and imperfect criminal laws. Before leaving the territory he established the criminal code of Illinois, and the civil practice of Ohio. In 1860 he returned to Illinois, and was re-elected to Congress by the Quincy district where he served until elected to the United States Senate to fill the unexpired term of Judge S. A. Douglas. His term as senator expired in 1865, which terminated his public services of a national character. From 1865 to his death he resided at his home in Quincy. He was elected to the position of supervisor for the Quincy district to use his influence and experience in keeping the county seat at Quincy, when an effort was made to remove it to another portion of the county in the year 1875. His efforts were successful as the county seat [deceased) QUIN cr HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 415 question is now settled forever. Senator Richardson was a man of great personal magnetism, and a powerful speaker from the fact that his state ments always bore the marks of personal convictions. He was a man that tolerated views and conclusions different from his own, and always gave them a careful and considerate hearing. His political acts were based on the principle, that he believed to be the foundation of the Democracy, while his honesty of intention can never be doubted. While living he worked a potent influence on the political questions of the State and Na tion, and his memory, now that he is dead, is cherished by his friends and admirers and respected by his enemies. Hon. Jackson Grimshaw, a native of Pennsylvania, came to Illinois in 1845, settling in Pike county, where he continued to practice law for four teen years, at the expiration of which time he came to Quincy. He was associated in Quincy, with Hon. Archibald Williams, the partnership last ing until Mr. William's death. In 1856, Mr. Grimshaw was nominated by the Republicans for Congress, but was defeated. Since that time up to his death, he refused all political honors. In 1865 he became Collector of Internal Revenue for the 4th District of Illinois. He held the office until 1869. He was a fine speaker, a good lawyer and a man full of warm impulses and genial manner. His death occurred in 1875. Hon. Archibald Williams was born in Montgomery county, Kentucky, June 10, 1801. Having received from his parents the first rudiments of an education, he was thrown upon his own resources early in life. He first engaged in manual labor, but being of a studious disposition, improved all his opportunities for self-cultivation, and finally turned his attention to teaching. His fondness for study caused him to select the law as his pro fession, and his position as a lawyer in after years showed the correctness of his selection. He was admitted to the bar in Tennessee, in 1828, and moved to Quincy in 1829. During his first six years' practice he achieved the highest rank as a lawyer and jurist, and as a man of spotless character. He was elected three times to the State Legislature. In 1847 he was selected against a Democrat, in a Democratic district, to serve in the Con stitutional Convention. He was twice nominated by the Whigs as their choice for United States Senator, but the opposition being in the majority he was defeated. He was also a Whig candidate for Congress in the cam paign immediately preceding the birth of the Republican party, and was defeated. He was offered a seat on the United States Supreme Bench, but refused because he felt that his advanced age made him disqualified for the office. In 1849 he was appointed by President Taylor, District Attorney for Illinois, and in 1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln, U. S. Dis trict Judge of* Kansas. He was a man of strong convictions, but possessed a great respect for others' views and conclusions. He was generous, kind and forgiving, while his ability as a lawyer was second to none. He died at Quincy, Sept. 21, 1863, and leaves behind him the record of a noble and pure life. In the early days of the settlement of the western part of Illinois, the bar and the court proceedings were not as well read as at the present day, but their good sense and quick judgment made ample amends for lack of book knowledge. As early as 1831 the judicial circuit of Quincy was a part included in the district in which Chicago was situated, and also the Galena district. The judge and lawyers usually made the circuit together, which was then performed on horseback. The cavalcade approaching a 27 416 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. town in which court was to be held being the great event of the season, which was looked forward to by all, and afterwards proved the source of general conversation. Gen. John Tillson, in speaking of the early bar, its members and practice, says : Well was and is it known that during all the earlier periods of our State history, the prominence of the Quincy, or Bounty Tract, bar was an admitted Illinois fact. Here were taught, needed, developed the stalwart qualities that attach to and betoken the most complete fruition of legal excellence, as attained in the recognition, study, comprehension and application of the obtuse and limitless princi ples and history of that noblest portion of jurisprudence — land law. On this broad field, years since inviting and fast filling with adven turous immigration, where existed land titles of every shade, affected by conflicting legislation, varying as the years, was gained the rare training and reputation of our legal athletes — an arena such as was found in, no other section of the State; and in addition to these advantageous themes of practice, the ^professional necessities of the bar vastly aided its members in their advance to self-reliant supremacy. The reasons for this are novel but conclusive. Law, in those past off days, demanded of its votaries different quali ties from now. It exacted the instincts of the smarter men, of genius, and nerve and novelty. It was the intellectual over the educated that led the van. Of books there were few. Authorities and precedents slumbered not in the great handy libraries. The entire resources of the Bounty Tract could hardly to-day fill out the shelves of one ordinary lawyer's library. Hence alike, whether engaged in counsel or litigation, native resources, remembrance of the past reading, but mainly the readiness and aptitude with which legal principles, drawn from rudimental reading or educed by intuition, could be applied to any interest or exigence in " the infinite variety of human concerns," were the only armories whence were drawn their needed weapons of assured success. He was a luckless lawyer who had to hunt his books to settle a sud denly controverted point, or answer a bewildered client's query; and he was a licensed champion, who, theorizing from his instored legal lore, or instinctive acumen, knew on the instant where best to point his thrust, and was equally ready with every form of parry and defense. The off hand action and advice of such men, nerved by necessity and skilled by contest, became of course to be regarded almost like leaves of law. One can thus somewhat realize what keen, pliant, incisive resource was attained by such careers; how inspiring and attractive were their con clusions; how refined, and subtle and sharpened their intellects must have become. It should not be supposed that looseness, lack of accuracy or legal formula marked the rulings of the bench and bar. There was friendship and familiarty, it is true; because everybody knew everybody. The court houses were shambling great log houses; their furniture, chairs and desks — split bottomed and unplaned — would have set a modern lawyer's feelings on edge; but the bench was always filled with character, knowledge and dignity, and the forensic ruling and requirement was governed by as much judicial precision and professional deference as would mark the records of the most pretentious tribunal in the land. The bar, in those early days, was a sort of a family to itself. There was mutual acquaintance. All travelled the circuit, went to every county HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 417 on court week, came from all quarters. Egypt and Galena had their rep resentatives. Some went there because they had business; some because the wanted to get business, and all that they might learn. In court, by practice and observation, was acquired much of' knowl edge that the paucity of books denied the student and young practitioner. Out of court their" associations were like that of a debating society or law school. They mingled in common ; ate, drank, smoked, joked, disputed together. The judge, at the tavern, had the spare room, if such a room there was, and the lawyers bunked cozily, dozens together, in the " omni bus," as the big, many-bedded room was called, and there they had it. Whatever of law point, past or present, pending or probable, could be raised, they went for it, discussed, dissected, worried, fought over it, until, whether convinced or not, all knew more than when they first commenced; and thus struggling over these made-up issues of debate, became sharped, by mutual attrition, the legal faculties that were panting for future and more serious contests. These lawyers were on exhibition and they knew it. Every man in the county came to town court week, if he could. There were hut few people in the county then, and court week was the natural periodical time for the farmers to meet, swap stories, make trades, learn the news, hear the speeches, and form their own opinion as to which of these "tonguey fellers it is safest to give business to, or vote for for the Legislature." A pretty good idea of how universal was the gather ing, of necessity at the county seats, in those primitive days, may be gleaned from the fact that at the assembling of the first court in Adams county, every man in Adams and Hancock (then a part of Adams) was either on the grand or petit jury except two — and one of them was, and perhaps both, under indictment. Most of them were young. They had jolly old times, those limbs of the law, jolly indeed. All were instinct with the very cream of zeal, enterprise and originality that inheres to a new community; and among them, jibe, jest, and fun, and yarn, and repartee, and sell were tossed about like meteoric showers. An amusing incident is told, in which the judge, prosecuting attor ney, and another member of the bar were traveling over the prairie, and, while lighting their pipes, either thoughtlessly or accidentally, set the grass on fire. It spread, swept towards the timber, destroyed a settler's fences and improvements, and some luckless wight was indicted for the offense. The lawyer who formed one of the traveling party defended the culprit. The prosecuting attorney of course had his duties to perform to the furtherance of the ends of justice. The judge had the outraged inter ests of law to protect under the solemnity of his position and oath ; but it required all the earnest efforts of the gifted counsel, all the generous rulings of the judge, all the blundering action of the prosecuting attorney, the united sympathies in fact, of this secretly sinning legal trinity, to pre vent the jury from finding a verdict against the innocent accused. BAE ASSOCIATION. The members of the Quincy bar formed a bar association, on January 18, 1876, as the following will show: State op Illinois, ) Adams County, j We, the undersigned, being citizens of the United States, desiring to form an associa tion, not for pecuniary profit, pursuant to an act of the General Assembly of the State of 418 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Illinois, entitled " An Act Concerning Corporations," approved April 18, 1872, do hereby certify that the following is a true statement of the name or title by which such Association shall be known in law; the particular business and object for which it is formed; the num ber of its managers, and the names of the same selected for the first year of its existence, viz; 1. Name or title ; " The Quincy Bar Association." 2. Particular business and object is, to establish and maintain.the honor and dignity of the profession of the law, to cultivate social intercourse among its members, and to increase its usefulnes in promoting the due administration of justice. 3. Number of managers, seven (7). 4. Names of managers selected for the first year ; Orville H. Browning, Alexander E. Wheat, Frederick V. Marcy, William Marsh, John H. Williams, Ira M. Moore, Henry Asbury. 5. Location, Quincy, Illinois. (Signed) Joseph. N. Carter, Hope S. Davis, Rufus L. Miller. The constitution adopted, after giving the name as above, and object of organization, provides for membership by stating .that any member of the legal profession, practicing, of good standing, in the city of Quincy, may become a member, by a vote of the association. Judges of Courts of Record in Illinois, and members of the bar of Illinois, may like wise become members, without the privilege of voting. The officers of the Association shall be a President, and a First and Second Vice-Presi dent, a secretary, a Treasurer, a Board of Managers of seven members, and a Committee on Admissions to consist of seven members. The officers, after the first election, shall be elected at the annual meeting, to be held on the second Saturday of January in each year. The Board of Managers and the Committee on Admissions first chosen under the By- Laws, shall divide themselves into three classes, the first to consist .of three and the others of two members each. The first class of each Committee shall hold office for one"year ; the second class, two years ; the third class, three years ; the first annual election and every third year thereafter shall be for three members, and all other elections shall be for two members of the Board of Managers and two of the Committee on Admissions, to hold office three years. The following standing committees with their duties will explain the workings of the association : A committee on the amendment of the law, which shall be charged with the duty of attention to all proposed changes in the law, and recommending such as, in their opinion, • may be entitled to the favorable influence of this association. A judiciary committee, which shall be charged with the duty of the observation of the working of our judicial system, the collection of information, the entertaining and examina tion of projects for a change or reform in the system, and of recommending, from time to time, to the association such action as they may deem expedient. A committee on grievances, which shall be charged with the hearing of all complaints against members of the association, and also all complaints which may be made in matters affecting the interests of the legal profession and the practice of the law, and the adminis tration of justice, and to report the same to this association, with such recommendation as they may deem advisable. A committee on legal education, which shall be charged with the duty of examining and reporting what changes it is expedient to propose in the system of legal education, ana of admission to the practice of the profession in the State of Illinois. The officers are as follows: President. — Orville H. Browning. Vice-Presidents. — William Marsh, and Alexander E. Wheat. Board of Managers.— Orville H. Browning, Alexander E. Wheat, Frederick V. Marcv, Uriah H. Keath, Ira M. Moore, Henry Asbury, and William Marsh. Secretary. — Rufus L. Miller. Treasurer. — James F. Carrott. Committee on Admissions.— Ira M. Moore, William G. Ewing, Albert W. Wells, Joseph N. Carter, James F. Carrott, Rufus L. Miller, and George W. Fogg. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 419 STANDING COMMITTEE?. Judiciary. — Almeron Wheat, Sen., William McFadon, and Laurence E. Emmons. On Grievances.— Joseph C. Thompson, Uriah II. Keath. and Oscar P. Bonney. On Amendments of the Law. — Hope S. Davis, Bernard Arntzen, and William H. Govert. On Legal Education.— Frederick V. Marcy, William W. Berry, and Aaron McMurray. The bar association have the nucleus of a law library, and have secured from the Board of Supervisors of Adams county the use of the library-room in the new court-house. This room in future will be used as a library and place of meeting of the Quincy Bar Association. 420 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. CHAPTER XIII. Miscellaneous Mention — County Officials — Peecinct Election 1835 — Fiest Couet — Fiest Peobate Mattees— High Watee — Ageioul- tueal Society. county officees. The following is a list of county officials from the organization of the county in 1825 up to the present time: James Black, recorder July 8, 1825 Levi Headley, sheriff Aug. SO, 1825 Asa Tyrer, coroner Aug. 30, 1825 Henry H. Snow, judge probate, Sept. 15, 1825 Henry H. Snow, judge probate, Jan. 23, 1826 Henry H. Snow, recorder Jan. 23, 1826 Hugh White, surveyor Jan. 23, 1826 Earl Pierce, sheriff '. Sept 6, 1826 Asa Tyrer, coroner Sept. 6, 1826 Heman Wallace, coroner Sept. 6, 1828 Earl Pierce, sheriff. Dec. 5, 1828 Earl Pierce, sheriff Nov. 27, 1830 Thomas Moon, coroner Nov. 27, 1830 Earl Pierce, sheriff Sept. 5, 1832 William, P. Reader, coroner Sept. 5, 1832 H. Patton, surveyor April 28, 1834 Harris Patton, surveyor June 2, 1834 J. M. Whiting, coroner Aug. 22, 1834 Earl Pierce, sheriff. Aug. 29, 18!!4 Harris Pattan, surveyor Dec. 24, 1834 C. M. Billington, recorder Aug. 22, 1835 Harris Patton, surveyor Aug. 22, 1835 Thomas C. King, coroner Aug. 24, 1836 Earl Pierce, sheriff Aug. 24, 1836 Wm. G. Flood, probate judge. .Feb. 17, 1837 Wm. H. Tandy, sheriff Nov. 29, 1837 Wm. H. Tandy, sheriff Aug. 21, 1838 Jas. M. Hattan, coroner Aug. 23, 1838 Jno. H. Hoi ton, recorder Aug. 17, 1839 Joel G. Williams, surveyor Aug. 17, 1889 Thomas Jasper, sheriff Aug. 12, 1840 John T. Gilmer, coroner Aug. 12, 1840 Jonas Grubb, coroner Aug. 12, 1842 Wm. H. Tandy, sheriff Aug. 13, 1842 John H. Holton, recorder Aug 29, 1843 Thos. J. Williams, surveyor. . .Aug. 29, 1843 James M. Pitman, sheriff Aug. 12, 1844 L. Frazer, coroner Aug. 16, 1844 James M. Pitman, sheriff Aug. 18, 1846 Thaddeus Monroe, coroner. . . .Aug. 18, 1846 John H. Holton, recorder Aug. 19, 1847 Washington Wren, sheriff Aug. 16, 1848 Thaddeus Monroe, coroner. . . .Aug. 16, 1848 Philo A. Goodwin, co. judge. .Nov. 17, 1849 J. C. Bernard, co. clerk Nov. 22, 1849 Peter Gott, cir. clerk Sept. 4, 1848 Abner E. Humphrey, sheriff. . .Nov. 20, 1850 Thaddeus Monroe, coroner . . .Nov. 20, 1850 B. I. Chatten, surveyor Nov. 22, 1851 Levi Palmer, sheriff Nov. 20, 1852 Thaddeus Monroe, coroner Nov. 20, 1852 C. M. Woods, cir. clerk Nov. 20, 1852 G. W. Luch, co. clerk Nov. 21, 1853 W. H. Gather, co. judge Nov. 20, 1853 A. Touzalin, school com Feb. 21, 1854 John Field, co. clerk April 11, 1854 William Lane, sheriff. Nov. 15, 1854 Thaddeus Monroe, coroner Nov. 15, 1854 B. I. Chattan, surveyor Nov. 15, 1855 John P. Cadogan, sheriff Nov. 12, 1856 Thaddeus Monroe, coroner. . . Nov. 12, 1856 Thomas W. Macfall, cir. clerk, Nov. 14, 1856 Wm. H. Cather, co. judge Nov. 21, 1857 Alex. Johnson, co. clerk Nov. 21, 1857 B. I. Chatten, co. surveyor Nov. 21, 1857 Wilson Lance, treasurer Nov. 3, 1857 Asa W. Blakesly, school com Nov. 3, 1857 J. H. Hendrickson, sheriff. Nov. 10, 1858 Thaddeus Monroe, coroner Nov. 10, 1858 N. T. Lane, school com 1859 Eli Seehorn, co. treas 1859 B. J. Chatten, co. surveyor 1859 Wm. M. Avis, school com Dec. 25, 1860 Maurice Kelly, sheriff Nov. 26, 1860 W. S. M. Anderson, cir. clerk. .Nov. 26, 1860 James Wimean, coroner Nov. 26, 1860 E. B. Baker, co. judge Nov. 18, 1861 Alex. Johnson, co. clerk Nov. 18, 1861 Peter Smith, co. surveyor Nov. 18, 1861 John Steinagel, sheriff. Nov. 28, 1862 Geo. D. Watson, coroner Nov. 28. 1862 F. G. Johnson, co. treasurer. . .Nov. 13, 1863 Peter Smith, co. surveyor Nov. 13, 1863 H. S. Davis, school com 1863 Samuel T. Brooks, cir. clerk. .Nov. 28, 1864 Wm. L. Humphrey, sheriff.. . .Nov. 28, 1864 Geo. D. Watson, coroner Nov. 28, 1864 Chas. H., Morton, co. clerk Nov. 15, 1865 Thos. J. Mitchell, co. judge. . . .Nov. 22, 1865 Seth W. Gramrner, supt. sch'ls.Nov, 22, 1865 Chas. Petrie, co. surveyor Nov. 25, 1865 Thos. W. Gaines, co. treasurer. Nov. 25, 1865 Henry C. Craig, sheriff Nov. 23, 1866 John W. Morehead, cir. clerk. Nov. 26, 1866 Alex. Brown, coroner Nov. 28, 1866 Peter Smith, surveyor Nov. 28, 1867 Joseph Lummis, treasurer Nov. 22, 1867 J. M. Earel, sheriff Nov. 17, 1868 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 421 John W. Morehead, cir. clerk. Nov. 19, 1868 Alex. Brown, coroner Nov. 30, 1868 Thos. J.Mitchell, co. judge. Nov. (2) 23, 1869 Chas. H. Morton, co. clerk. Nov. (2) 10, 1869 N. Morehead, cir. clerk Wm. Fletcher, treasurer. . .Nov. (2) 30, 1869 B. I. Chattan, surveyor Nov. (2) 18, 1869 Jno. H. Black, supt. schools, Nov. (2) 29, 1869 1870. Napoleon Morehead circuit clerk. John M. Kreitz sheriff. Alex. Brown coroner. 1871. Edwin Cleveland treasurer. Philip Fahs surveyor- 1872. W. G. Ewing State's att'y. George Brophy circuit clerk, G. C. Trotter sheriff. Alex. Brown coroner, 1873. J. C. Thompson co. judge- Willis Haselwood co. clerk- 1878. Edwin Cleveland co. treasurer. John H. Black supt. schools, 1874. Geo. W. Craig sheriff- Alex. Brown coroner- 1875. S. G. Earel treasurer. Seth J. Morey surveyor. 1876. Wm. H. Govert State's atty. George Brophy cir. clerk. John S. Pollock sheriff. Elihu Seehorn coroner. 1377, Benj. F. Berrian co. judge. Willis Haselwood co. clerk. Anton Binkert treasurer. John H. Black supt. schools. 1879. Henry Ording sheriff. Elihu Seehorn coroner The following is the list of members of the. general assembly, who have represented Adams county and the counties to which it was attached before its formation in 1825 : SENATORS. ELECTED. George Caldwell, of Madison 1818 Theophilus W. Smith, of Madison . . . 1822 Thomas Carlin, of Greene 1826 Henry J. Ross, of Pike 1828 Archibald Williams, of Adams 1832 0. H.Browning, " 1836 James H. Ralston, " 1840 Jacob Smith, " 1844 Hugh L. Sutphen, of Pike 1848 Jno. Wood, of Adams 1850 REPRESENTATIVES. ELECTED. Abraham Prickett, of Madison 1818 Samuel Whitesides, of Monroe 1818 John Howard 1818 Nathaniel Buckmaster, of Madison... .1820 William Otwell 1820 Joseph Bronaugh 1820 N. Hansom, of Pike, (ejected) 1822 Henry J. Ross, of Pike 1826 Levi J. Roberts , 1826 John Turney, of Peoria 1828 John Allen, of Joe. Daviess 1828 A. W. Caverly, of Greene 1828 Joel Wright, of Fulton 1830 Samuel C. Pearce, of Calhoun 1830 Charles Gregory 1830 Wm. G. Flood, of Adams .1832 Philip W. Martin, of Adams 1832 William Ross, of Pike 1834 Thomas H. Owen 1834 George Galbraith, of Adams 1836 James H. Ralston, " 1836 Archibald Williams, " 1837 A. Williams, " 1838 SENATORS. ELECTED. Solomon Parsons, of Pike 1853 Wm. H. 'Carlin, of Adams 1854 Austin Brooks, " '. ¦ ¦ .1858 B. T. Schofield, of Hancock 1862 Sam'l R. Chittenden, of Adams 1«66 J. N. Richardson, " 1870 Jesse Williarns, of Hancock 1870 George W. Burns, of Adams 1872 Maurice Kelly, " 1873 Bernard Arntzen, " 1874 Maurice Kelly, " 1878 REPRESENTATIVES. ELECTED. Wm. G. Flood, " 1838 Robert Star, " 1840 William Laughlin, " 1840 Jno. G. Humphrey, " 1842 O. H. Browning, " 1842 A.Jonas, " 1842 R. W. Star, " 1842 P.B.Garrett, " 1842 A. Wheat, " 1842 Peter Lott, " 1844 William Hendrix, " 1844 William Miller, " 1844 I.N.Morris, " 1846 William Hendrix, " 1846 James M. Seehorn, " .1846 E. H. Buckley, of Marquette, then at tached to Adams 1846 O. C. Skinner, of Adams 1848 JohnMariott, " 1848 J. R. Hobbs, of Adams 1850 J.M.Pitman, " 1850 J. W. Singleton, of Brown 1851 John Moses, " 1852 i 422 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. REPRESENTATIVES. ELECTED. J. Wolf, of Adams 1852 J. W. Singleton, of Brown 1853 H. Boyle, of Adams 1853 Eli Seehorn, of Adams 1854 H. V. Sullivan, " 1854 Samuel Holmes, " 1856 M. M. Bane, " 1856 1858 W. Metcalf, " 1858 J, W. Singleton, of Brown 1860 W. C. Harrington, of Adams 1860 A. E. Wheat, " 1862 William Brown, " 1862 Thomas Redmond, " 1864 Wm. T. Yeargain, " 1864 Henry L. Warren, " 1866 P. G. Corkins, "' 1866 Thomas Jasper, " 1868 John E. Downing, " 1868 REPRESENTATIVES. Geo. J. Richardson, Joseph Stewart, H. S. Trimble, Maurice Kelly, Ira M. Moore, Charles Ballou, N. Bushnell, John Tillson, A. G. Griffith, Ira M. Moore, R. H. Downing, J. C. Bates, H. S. Davis, J. H. Hendrickson, Thos. G. Black, Absalom Samuels, Jos. N. Carter, Samuel Mileham, ELECTED. 1870 1870 1870 1870 1872 1872 1872 1873 1873 1874 1874 .... 1874 1876 1876 1876 1878 1878 1878 COUNTY OFFICIALS. In August, 1835, the first election for county officials, under the first division into precincts, was held, the only officers to be elected being, re corder, surveyor, justices of the peace and constables. The total number of votes polled was eleven hundred and ten. Charles W. Billington was elected recorder, and H. Patten, surveyor. The following officers were "elected in the different precincts : QUINCY DI8TEICT. JUSTICES. James H. Ralston, William Richards, R. R. Williams, Jospeh T. Holmes. JUSTICES. J. H. H. Dayton, > _,. William Smith, \ 1 *6' Philip S. Reaugh. WIGLE PEECINCT. JUSTICES. Philip W. Martin, David Crow. JUSTICES. William B. Gooding, James M. Seehorn. JUSTICES. William Buyne, J. Browning. JUSTICES. William McLaughlin, E. Benton. JUSTICES. William Hobbs, Daniel Pile. CENTEE PEECINCT. MILL CEEEK. NOETH EAST. BEAE CEEEE. CLAYTON. CONSTABLES. T. C. King, William L. King, Meacham Daniel, John McDade. CONSTABLES. William McDaniel, James G. Welch. CONSTABLES. Golder Field, James A. Wood. CONSTABLES. Daniel Hunsaker, Eli Seehorn. CONSTABLES. William McNulty, ) m . S.McGinnis, \Tle- L. Combs. CONSTABLES. J. Rankin, E. P. Wade. CONSTABLES. Clelland McMurray, J. Ausmus. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 423 At the same.time the question of a location for a county-seat was voted upon, and the town of Quincy received six hundred and eighteen votes, as against four hundred and ninety- two polled in favor of the commission ers stake. The excitement attending this election was considerable owing to the move made by a few of the people of the county to move the coun ty-seat from Quincy. The effort failed and the subject died out only to be revived at a later date. FIEST COUET. The first Circuit Court of Adams county was held in August, 1825, in a log cabin about sixteen feet square, with a portico for the accommoda tion of the petit jury. It was situated at the foot of Yermont street; John Yorke- Sawyer, Judge ; J. Turney, circuit attorney, and John H. Snow, clerk. The Grand Jury, after being charged by the court, retired to the shade of a large oak tree near by and commenced their deliberations upon any and all violations of and against the laws of the State of Illinois, and particularly turned their attention to those infractions of the law which had been committed within the precincts of Adams county. It is related that they found indictments against a couple of the inhabitants of the county for quarrelling upon election day. The main reason, probably, why more indictments were not found is that the county officials, with the grand and petit juries, composed very nearly all the male citizens of the county. A few cases were tried, one by John Wood against Daniel Lisle for slander, Lisle having charged Mr. Wood with drowning a horse-thief in Bear Creek. This case probably originated from the fact that Mr. Wood and Mr. Keyes had some time before traded with a stranger for some hogs, who, after making his sale to them, "left for parts unknown," and they afterward found out that he was suspected of horse stealing. If "honest John Wood" had known his man at that time he would undoubtedly have put him under arrebt, and if he could not have got him into confinement it would have been because of almost super-human efforts on the part of the thief. His disappearance, and Mr. Wood's law-abiding and energetic character being known, the story was started but never proven against him. The following is the list of grand and petit jurors for the initial term of the Circuit Court : Geand Juey. — Morrill Martin, Lewis Kinney, Daniel Whipple, Joshua Streeter, John L. Soule, Samuel Goshong, John Wood, John Droullard, Ira Pierce, Amos Bancroft, Daniel Moore, John Thomas, 2nd., William Burritt, Abijah Caldwell, Zephaniah Ames, Peter Journey, Ebenezer Hark- ness, Cyrus Hibbard, Thomas McCrary, Luther Whitney, Hiram B. Haw ley, Benjamin McNitt, Samuel Stone, Levi Wells. Petit Juey. — Willard Keyes, Lewis C. K. Hamilton, Hezekiah Spill- man, William Journey, William Luckett, Fernando Slay ton, William Worley, Elias Adams, Earl Wilson, Curtis Caldwell, Samuel Seward, Tru man Streeter, James Moody, Evan Thomas, Silas Brooks, James Greer, George Campbell, Peter Williams, Henry Jacobs, Thomas Freeman, Kiell Crandall, William Snow, David Kay, and David Beebe, Senr. fiest peobate mattees. t From an inventory and sale bill that is on file in the county clerk's office we obtain an idea of the character and value of a pioneer's personal property in 1826. 424 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. " The inventory of the estate of Moses T. Hastings, late of Adams county, deceased, appraised upon oath by us, the subscribers duly ap pointed to that service by Henry H. Snow, judge of the Court of Probate for the county of Adams, State of Illinois, viz.: 1 Saddle and Bridle $ 7.50 1 Plaid Surtout Coat 1-25 2 pairs Pantaloons 32° 3 old Vests I5 2 pair Socks -j™ 1 pair Shirts 1-50 2 Cravats, 1 Dickey and Stock 50 1 Morning Gown * • "5 1 Black Mare 35-°0 1 bu. Gum, etc., etc 25 ' Amounting in all to two hundred and twenty-four dollars and eighty-five cents. Rufus Bbown, Jeremiah Rose, Samuel Ferguson, At the sale, Oct. 19th, 1826, held at the house of Rufus Brown, in Quiney, the saddle was sold to Ira Pierce for $9.50. 1 Surtout Coat, Henry H. Snow $2-25 1 pair Pantaloons, John Wood 1-50 j " t( Ira Pierce *.*0 1 Shirt, David Beebe 5fiM 1 " John Wood 100 1 Vest, David Rube 37^ 1 " Ammyson Chapman 18M 1 " John Wood 37V| 2 pair Socks, Ira Pierce 37% 2 Handkerchiefs, S. Streeter ^H 1 Morning Gown, Ira Pierce 1-50 1 bu. Gum, John Wood 25 Dated Quincy, Oct. 19th, 1826. John Wood, Administrator. Let the reader picture for himself the scene on this Indian summer's day while the early settlers gathered around the auctioneer and rung in their "picayune " and "one bit" bids for the remnants of their poor com panion's wardrobe. HIGH WATEE. About the 1st of June, 1851, the county was visited by a series of rain storms, which flooded the streams, washing away build ings, fences, bridges and roads; the loss to crops was very great. The bottom lands were overflowed for several weeks, and the people who had settled therein were compelled to leave on short notice. Streams which usually could be waded with ease became roaring riyers, and breaking through their banks washed away the wheat, oats, corn, and other crops which the thrifty people of the county had expended time and money upon in the hope that they would reap an abundant harvest. Most of the bridges which it was supposed at the time had been built above high-water mark, were also taken off in the mighty flood. The bottoms being submerged, and roads washed away, making it difficult for persons to travel, greatly retarded business of all kinds, and in no place was it more keenly felt than in the city of Quincy. Country people could not get to town, and as a consequence the merchants and tradesmen were at a standstill, so far as it HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. ' 425 related to traffic. As a natural consequence the Mississippi river went on the rampage and ran riot over all of the land included by the bluffs, and opposite to Quincy it was at one time from seven to fifteen miles wide. The highest point reached by the water at Quincy, June 6th, was four feet higher than the highwater of 1844. Of course the oldest inhabitant was on hand to relate his experience and inform the people that he had wit nessed higher water in 1826, but it appears that his story was not given any more credence than are the legends related by the same individuals of our day. It has been asserted by some that the highwater of 1844 was higher than that of 1851, yet whilst it is true that lower down the river and from the mouth of the Mississippi there flowed more water in 1844 than 1851, yet at Quincy and along the western shore of Adams county the water of 1851 was higher by some four feet, and to-day the highwater mark is reckoned by the record made in 1851. Excessively warm weather followed the heavy rains, causing a great amount of sickness among those living in the bottom lands, which was a natural consequence owing to the great amount of decaying vegetable mat ter which was washed into and upon the lands which were overflowed. Communists. — The "American Eagle" landed at the Quincy wharf on Tuesday, April 13, 1849, 281 French Communists who were on their way to Nauvoo with a view of making a permanent location. They were com posed mostly of merchants and farmers, having with them their imple ments of husbandry and a variety of tools suited to their various trades. The steamboat officers reported them to be the most cleanly and indus trious emigrants they ever met. The company was headed by Monsieur Cabet, who was many years a leader in the French House of Deputies, and was once banished from France by Louis Phillippe. They bought from the retiring Mormons some of their property, but did not make a great suc cess of their settlement. In the month of January, 1838, the citizens of Adams county com menced to move in relation to organizing an agricultural society, and on the 6th of the month a meeting was held at Columbus for that purpose. The meeting was organized by appointing Maj. J. H. Holton, President, and Richard W. Starr, Secretary. Hon. J. H. Ralston in a few pertinent remarks explained the object of the meeting. A committee of seven was appointed, consisting of J. H. Ralston, Dunbar Aldrich, Daniel Harrison, Lytle Griffing, Colman Talbot, Stephen Boothe, and James Murphy, to adopt a constitution, and they having reported one to the meeting, it was adopted, and the society was organized by the election of the following officers: President — Maj. J. H. Holton. Vice-Presidents— J. H. Ralston, Daniel Harrison, Stephen Boothe. 'Secretaries — R. W. Starr, Dunbar Aldrich. Treasurer — Col. M. Shuey. DIRECTORS. L. Griffin, J. Turner, C. McMurray, S. Farmer, D. B. Waterman, John Harrison, J. Pound, J. Murphy, C. Talbot, D. Strickler, S. C. Thompson, T. Dudley. The meeting was very much in earnest, and each and every one pres ent pledged themselves to all that was in their power to make the society a success. At an adjourned meeting of the society held at Fairfield (now Mendon) on Saturday, June 26, President J. H. Holton in the chair, the 426 HISTOEY OF "ADAMS COUNTY. committee on premiums submitted by their chairman, Col. Shuey, the fol lowing list of premiums : ON STOCK. Best Stud Colt, 3 years old $5.00 Best Cow $3.00 " Mare " " " 4.00 " Boar 5.00 " Stud Sucking Colt. 5.00 " Breeding Sow 2.50 " Mare " " 4.00 " Ram (or Buck) 2.00 " Bull 4.00 " Half dozen Ewes 2.00 CROPS. Best crop Winter Wheat, not less than 5 acres $6.00 " Spring Wheat yielding not less than 30 bu 6.00 " Corn, not less than 5 acres 3.00 " Oats, " " - " 2.00 " White Beans, not less than J^ acre 2.00 " Potatoes, not less than J£ acre ' 1.00 " Tame Grass, not less than 5 acres 3.00 MANUFACTURES. Best Prairie Plough $1.50 " Seeding " 1.50 " Butter, not less than 25 lbs 2.00 " Cheese, " " 15 lbs 2.00 " piece Jeans, not less than 10 yards 3.00 " Flannel, " " " 2.50 " pair of Hose 1.00 " specimen Plain or Fancy Needlework 1.00 Since the first agricultural society inaugurated the system of holding fairs and annual displays of stock and produce, the interest in such matters has been kept alive. Nearly every year from the formation of the first so ciety a fair has been held within the county. In 1867 and 1868 the State Fair Association gave displays at the large and capacious fair grounds at Quincy, and by the large display and attendance caused much enthusiasm in that department. Immediately following, came the Mississippi Fair Association, and this was followed by associations of different names. At the present time two distinct organizations give fairs in the county. The Adams County Fair Association, which has selected Camp Point as the site for its grounds and improvements, is in fine financial condition, being out of debt and owning their own grounds. The following are the officers : President — W. T. Yeargain, Quincy. 1st Vice-President — Origin Wallace, Clayton. 2d Vice-President — O. H. Collins, Liberty. Treasurer — Geo. W. Dean, Adams. Secretary — S. D. Lewis, Payson. The following are notes from the Secretary's annual report of 1877, and will show the standing of the association : Amount of authorized capital stock $10,000 00 Number of shares of stock issued 551 Amount of stock issued 5,510 00 Par value of share of stock 10 00 Number of shareholders or members 350 Cash value of real estate and improvements thereon 9,400 00 Number of volumes in library Date of incorporation or organization, November 19, 1875. Time of holding fair 1877, September 4, 5, 6 and 7. Place of holding fair 1877, Camp Point. Amount in treasury last report $ 102 35 " deficit last report (including debt covered by mortgage) " received 1877 ; fees— (gate and entrance) 3,847 80 Booth rents, $ ; permits, $ 454 00 kcoED. 427 ADAMS COUNTY WAE EffCOED Amount received 1877 sale shares of stock 710 00 " " 1877 State appropriation '• 100 00 " " 1877 other sources. For " paid 1877, in premiums $2,140 25 " " 1877 for real estate, buildings and permanent improvem'ts 2,000 00 " " 1877 for current expenses other than premiums 860,79 " remaining in treasury 213 11 " deficit (including debt covered by mortgage) Total $5,214 15 $5,214 15 In speaking of the last exhibition the following tabular statement is given : NUMBER OP ENTRIES AMOUNT OF PREMIUMS Or- AMOUNT OF PREMIUMS PAID DEPARTMENTS. IN EACH DEPARTMENT. FEREB TO EACH DEP'T. TO EACH DEPARTMENT, Cattle 91 $457 00 $335 00 Horses 380 729 00 707 00 Mules and Asses 44 6400 64 00 Sheep 71 125 00 125 00 Hogs. 141 280 00 269 00 Poultry 46 52 50 32 50 Mechanic Arts 58 26 00 12 00 Farm Products 110 55 25 32 45 Horticulture and Floriculture. 373 234 25 205 00 Fine Arts 49 44 00 27 00 Textile Fabrics 512 276 00 231 00 Speed Ring Equestrianism Miscellaneous 40 150 00 100 00 Totals $1,915 $2,493 00 $2,140 25 The Quincy Fair Association gives its displays on the Quincy Fair Grounds. The" officers of the association are J. W. Smith, President ; B. W. Dickinson, Secretary, and U. S. Penfield, Treasurer. The following is the programme for the last meeting : FIRST DAY — SEPT. 24. Horses will be called at 1 :45 p. m. and started at 2:00. 2:50 Horses— Purse *o0° 00 1st, $250; 2d, $125; 3d, $75; 4th, $50. 2 :26 Horses— Purse $500 00 1st, $250 ; 2d, $125 ; 3d, $75 ; 4th, $50. _ Running— Mile and repeat $lo0 00 1st, $100 ; 2d, $35 ; 3d, $15. SECOND DAY— SEPT. 25. 3:00 Horses— Purse • *im 00 1st, $200 ; 2d, $100 ; 3d, $60 ; 4th, $40. 2 :35 Horses— Purse ¦ • »o0U uo 1st, $250 ; 2d, $125 ; 3d, $75 ; 4th, $50. Running— Two-mile clash— Purse *15(J uu 1st, $100; 2d, $35; 3d, $15. THIRD DAY -SEPT. 26. 2 :29 Horses-Purse • • ¦ ¦ • • • ?5UU uu 1st, $250 ; 2d, $125 ; 3d, $75 ; 4th, $50. Trotting— Free for all— Rarus barred— Purse • • ¦ • ¦ $i,jw uu 1st, $600; 2d, 300; 3d, $180; 4th, $120. 2:40 Horses-Purse ¦•¦ $400 00 , 1st, $200 ; 2d, $100 ; 3d, $60 ; 4th, $40. Running— Mile heats, 3 in 5— Purse •••¦¦• »^uu w 1st, $120; 2d, $60; 3d, $20. FOURTH DAY— SEPT. 27. 2 :22 Horses-Purse ¦¦¦¦¦¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ *7U0 UU 1st, $350; 2d, $180; 3d, $100; 4th, $70. 428 HIST0EY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Rarus Purse ($500 added if beats 2:14) $1,000 00 The Great Stallion Sweepstakes, Association added $600 00 $200 entrance. Half forfeit. 5 to enter, 3 to start. 2d horse to have $400 ; 3d, $200. Running — Two miles and repeat— Purse $250 00 1st, $150; 2d, $75; 3d, $25. Lexington rules govern running races. Trotting and pacing, to harness, mile heats, 3 in 5, and governed by amended rules of the National Association. Hay and straw free. No horse will be awarded more than first money. Entrance 10 per cent., 4 to enter, 3 to start. Entries for trotting close 11 p. ji., August 12, 1878. Entries for running close 6 p. m, night before the race. {oecemked} FORMERLr PROPRIETOR OF THE QUINCY WHIG HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 429 CHAPTER XIV. THE PEESS. The newspapers of Adams county, located in Quincy, Camp Point, Mendon, Payson and other towns, have exerted a powerful influence over the progress of the county. Other agencies have been at work to advance the towns and county, but the Press has contributed a large share in this work of improvement. They have ever been eager to support and give publicity to any enterprise or measure that was calculated to benefit the country, and now seeing the fruits of such labor in the past, still continue in their good work. The following is a list of the journals published in Adams county : The Quincy Herald is the oldest paper published in the county, and among the earliest of newspapers established in the west, having issued the first number in the year 1834, under the name of The Bounty Land Register, and continued under that name until some time in the year 1839, when the name was changed to the Quincy Argus, and in the year 1841 as sumed the name of the Quincy Herald, which it still retains. The Herald has been published as a daily since 1850, and now publishes weekly, tri weekly and daily editions. The Herald has always been Democratic in politics, and wields a powerful influence. Its circulation is probably larger than any other paper in the State outside of the city of Chicago. The present publishers of the Herald are Cadogan & Gardner. The Quincy Whig was established over forty years ago, and is one of the oldest papers in the State. The first issue — a seven-column 24x36 weekly— appeared May 5, 1838, Maj. H. Y. Sullivan being the publisher, and Messrs. N. Bushnell and A. Johnson the editors. This arrangement, in tended to be but temporary, continued until August 18 of the same year, when Mr. S. M. Bartlett and Maj. Sullivan became the sole proprietors, and conducted the paper continuously, the former as editor and the latter as publisher, until the firm was dissolved by the death of Mr. Bartlett, in September, 1852. The changes made during the association in the character of the paper were but two in number, the issue October 23, 1845, of a tri-weekly for city circulation, which was discontinued April 16, 1846, and the enlargement of the paper in 1850, at the commencement of the thirteenth volume, to an eight-column sheet, 28x42. This continued to be the size of the weekly un til it was increased in 1868, to nine columns, 28x44. Mr. Bartlett was succeeded as editor by Mr. John F. Morton, in the fall of 1852, and the firm of Morton & Sullivan conducted the paper until 1854, when Mr. Henry Young purchased Maj. Sullivan's interest. It was during the ownership of Morton & Sullivan that the daily was established, and the history of the weekly thereafter is the same. The first number of the daily was issued as a morning paper, March 430 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 22, 1852. It was a six-column sheet, 22x32 in size. On the death of Mr. Young, in 1855, Mr. Y. Y. Ralston assumed his interest, and under the management of Morton & Ralston the daily was enlarged to seven columns, 24x36, August 29, 1855. In August, 1856, Mr. F. S. Giddings purchased an interest, and the firm then became Morton, Ralston & Co., Mr. Ralston retiring in July, 1857, and Mr. Giddings soon after. On March 1, 1858, the Quinoy Republican, a daily which had been in existence for one or two years previous, was merged in the Whig, and Mr. Morton and Mr. F. A. Dallam, the former proprietor of the Republican, became associated as owners of the Whig and Republican. During its ownership by Messrs. Morton & Dallam the daily was re duced in size, on the 15th of August, 1858, to its original size, six columns, 22x32, the size of the weekly remaining unchanged. Mr. Dallam with drew in the fall of 1859, leaving Mr. Morton as the sole proprietor, and in the spring of 1860 the establishment was purchased by Mr. James J. Lang- don, who enlarged the daily again to seven columns, 24x36, and continued as sole or part proprietor until the spring of 1868. During this period the editorial management of the Whig was in various hands, successively under the management of Messrs. Snyder, Whitney, Holt, Richardson, Dallam, and Holt again, and was issued as an evening paper April 9, 1860. None of the above named editors were interested as owners in the paper except Mr. Charles Holt, who obtained a half interest June 1, 1864, and thenceforward it was published by Messrs. Langdon & Holt. On the 1st of July, 1865, it had another change of dimensions to eight columns, 26x40, and was subsequently increased in size to nine columns, 28x42. In the spring of 1868 Messrs. Bailhache & Phillips purchased the Whig, taking possession on May 1 of that year, the former taking the place of general business manager, Mr. Paul Selby being engaged as editor. The size of the paper was reduced Aug. 10, 1868, to eight columns, 26x 40, and on the 14th of October came out as a morning paper. In the fol lowing spring, May 1, 1869, the property was transferred to the Quincy Whig Company, an incorporated stock company, Mr. Bailhache continuing as business manager, and Mr. Selby as managing. editor, until October, 1869, when Gen. John Tillson became the editor-in-chief, remaining as such until June, 1871. From that time Mr. Paul Selby for the Whig , Company acte'd as editor and manager. In February, 1873, the establish-l ment passed into the hands of Mr. Porter Smith. March 1, 1873, a change was again made from a morning to an evening paper. On the 1st of Jan^ uary, 1874, the establishment was purchased by Mr. Daniel Wilcox, one of the former publishers of the Milwaukee Sentinel, his two sons being subsequently admitted as partners to the business. By the death of the senior proprietor May 19, 1878, the paper passed into the hands of the two sons, C. A. and D. F. Wilcox, who are the present owners and publishers. Mr. N. O. Perkins became managing editor Jan. 1, 1874, which position he still retains. Aug. 23, 1875, the Whig appeared in a new dress throughout, and was changed to a six»column eight-page paper, 30x42 inches in size. It may be proper to state that the political position of the Whig has been unchanged from the first. The representative of the Whig party at the outset, in 1859, at the dissolution of that party it became the represen tative of the Republican organization, with which most of the Whigs in this section united, and has been since, as it now is, devoted to that polit- EDITOR A PROPRIETOR "REVIEW* QUIHCT HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 431 ical faith. It is the leading Republican paper of western Illinois, the largest paper published in Quincy, and the largest in the State outside of Chicago. The Quincy Daily News.— This spicy daily, established in January, 1877, has grown from a six to a seven-column paper, and having devoted its attention especially to local matters, its circulation has therefore steadily increased until it now embraces a large part of the best families of Quincy. It has a large city circulation, and its many advertisers, who have been with it year after year, bear testimony to its value as an advertising medium. The deep interest which the News takes in local and county affairs makes it a necessity of the people. It is independent in politics. Published by the News Company, 520 Hampshire street, Quincy, 111. The Germania,'. — This paper is published in the German language and is of recent origin. The journal was formed by the consolidation of the Press and Tribune, two German dailies, and is now published by the Germania Publishing Company, issuing a daily and weekly, having at the same time the largest circulation of any German newspaper in the West outside of Chicago and St. Louis. G. C. Hoffman is the editor. The Ger mania is an influential journal, and is largely patronized by the citizens of Quincy. The office is at 520 Hampshire street. The Quincy Commercial Review. — This journal was first started in 1871 by its present proprietor, Mr. Addison L. Langdon, at the earnest solicitation of the business men of the city. The paper has several departments, arranged to suit the various subjects it advocates. It com bines manufacturing and commercial interests, city news, social, personal, and society information. It was at first a small sheet, being only 22x32 inches in size. In less than six months, however, the publisher was forced to enlarge it in order to accommodate its increasing patronage. Its size was, after its first enlargement, 24x36. In 1875 it donned an entire new outfit of type, and was the third time enlarged to its present size, 28x42. The Review was the first paper in Quincy to advocate the establishment of many of those public improvements and necessities which have since proved so advantageous to the city, among which are the water-works, sewers, the adornment and improvement of Washington Park, and the building of the new and beautiful court-house upon its present location. Among the curious features, and what may be related as a singular coinci dence in the life of the Review, is the following: The paper was issued one Saturday morning, and its leading editorial was one calling the atten tion of the county authorities to the dangers and criminal negligence in keeping the records in the old court-house. The editorial stated, among other things, that some day a fire would break out in the roof of that old building and that valuable records of a public character would ^ be destroyed. And now the singular part is, that while the paper was being read, the fire bells sounded an alarm and the engines were called to extin guish a fire which had broken out in the old court-house, just as the edito rial predicted. The building was destroyed and work immediately begun upon the new and handsome edifice which now ornaments Jefferson Park. The Review is a popular, home newspaper, and is devoted particularly to the interests of Quincy and vicinity. The Western Agriculturist was established in Quincy in 1878, and has steadily improved in the value of its practical reading, the beauty of its illustrations, and the character of its typographical execution. It is printed 28 432 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. on fine book paper in pamphlet form and contains twenty-eight pages de voted to stock-breeding, horticulture, poultry, apiary, the dairy, and gen eral farm topics, with a practical and interesting household department. Being now the oldest and best established farm monthly in the Western states it has attained a large circulation, and every enterprising farmer ought to take it. The subscription price is only $1.00 a year, published by T. Butterworth, 520 Hampshire street, Quincy, 111. The Modern Argo, edited and published by A. H. Dooley, first issued in Columbus, O., Oct., 1878, removed to Quincy, 111., and began publication there on Saturday, March 22, 1879. Its reception in Quincy has been very flattering, and in a short time it attained a large circulation. The Argo is a large eight page paper in size 32x42, and is devoted to general informa tion including choice miscellany on the topics of the 'day, stories, poetry, contributed articles and editorials; ample attention is given to the local affairs of the city and county around. The Argo introduced permanently into Quincy the newsboy system, and now over a hundred boys sell the Argo every Saturday. The Argo is also sold by news agents in all the towns and villages surrounding Quincy. The Camp Point Journal. — The Journal was established by George W. Cyrus and Thomas Bailey, the first number being issued Feb. 6, 1873. The sheet was a seven column folio, 24x36. It has grown in size with its growth in circulation and is now a six-column quarto, 32x44. Mr. Bailey retired from the paper in 1876, having sold his interest to Mr. Cyrus who is now the sole owner and manager. The Journal is independent in poli tics, but discusses all questions of local interest, and confines itself mainly to local matters. The circulation of the paper has steadily grown until it exceeds that of most country papers. The County News. — The initial number of the News was published in June, 1875. The founder, Wm. D. Perry, Esq., was induced to under take the enterprise, partly to aid the county fair, which at that time was located in Payson. Arrangements were made with the " Farmer's Club " and other citizens to secure the publication until November, 1875. At the outset this was a four-column paper, bufit has twice been enlarged and is now a six-column four-page periodical. Before the first of November the subscribers and advertisers, taking it for granted that the paper would be continued, were ready to make yearly contracts. The News is now a reg ular monthly, with four extra papers, making sixteen issues during the year. Not only is it a county paper, but it is rapidly becoming a general newspaper for all who have ever lived in this, one of the oldest and most wealthy counties in the State. The Clayton Record, under the management of J. E. Hartman, is con sidered a valuable journal. It is neutral in politics, and is devoted to the general interest of the reading public. Musical, literary and agricultural articles, stories, reports of fairs, Sabbath-school conventions, religious meet ings, and any other facts and incidents that may interest the general reader, appear in its columns. The Mendon Dispatch is a seven-column paper, published on Thurs day of each week by Jacob R. Urech, Danl. H. Darby editor. It is devoted to local and general news, but it is not in the interest of any religious sect or any political party. The first number was issued on November 21, 1878. Its subscription list is satisfactory for the time it has been running, and is PFropmEiTORs or ^j/^r^L^, «y 1%? a. c/. tr-ei &i^s THE QUINCY- HERALD HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 433 rapidly increasing. The entire material is new and of the best quality, and includes a job press capable of doing work in strictly first class style. OF THE PAST. The history of newspapers in this county is a very interesting one in deed, and the names of many of these publications, which have long since "gone where the woodbine twineth," are familiar to us all. Among them, we remember the Times, a paper started by the late Austin Brooks, after his retirement from the editorship of the Herald. The paper lived a year or two and was then removed to Hannibal, and after a short career there it was discontinued. The papers of later date, which have lived and died, and which will be better remembered by the people of this county, are the Evening Call, the Ledger and the Morning News. The former was one of the most suc cessful dailies of our city. Its size was 22x32, and its principal editor was Thomas J. Heirs, present city clerk of Quincy, although John H. Russell and S. D. Rich and others, were interested in its publication at different times. The paper had a successful run of six years, when it was discon tinued because it proved unprofitable to its owner. The Ledger was a very small sheet, published by D. It is difficult to obtain exact statistics, on account of the large number of points from which shipments are made. The principal of these are Quincy, Fall Creek Station, Seehorn Station, Camp Point. Clayton, and ' Mendon. Large quantities are also taken by wagon to Hannibal, Mo., and shipped thence. The horticultural society made an effort in 1868 to obtain the figures as far as possible but were finally compelled to rely to a considerable extent upon estimates. According to the best information obtainable the annual shipments of apples were then over two hundred thousand bushels, and of peaches about fifty thousand boxes of one-third of a bushel each. In 1874 the shipments of peaches had increased to more than two hundred thousand boxes, but since that time the quantity of peaches shipped has somewhat declined. This decline is partially accounted for in this way: About every fourth year, on an average, the crop is des troyed by the severity of the winter. Of the intervening crops one per haps will be severely injured by the same cause. Formerly the prices HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 443 realized for a full crop were such as to leave a sufficient margin of profit to cover the losses sustained by the severe winters. Lately, however, the pro duction of this fruit is so great, and the competition with other peach- growing regions so close, that when there is a full crop the prices always rule very low and there is no margin left to apply to the years of failure. Many have therefore come to consider the growing of this fruit for ship ment as on the whole unprofitable, and they have to some extent ceased to plant the trees. Plantations of plums were made at an early day and at first they prom ised well, but tho advent of the plum curculio put a stop to the planting of this fruit for profit, so far as the old varieties are concerned. The trees are hardy and healthy and flourish well, the only trouble seems to be with the insects. Trees are still planted in private gardens and by amateurs, and with a great deal of care and protection and a very favorable season, mag nificent specimens of the fruit are sometimes produced. The Chickasaw family of plums, having a tougher skin and firmer fiber, seem better able to resist the curculio, and these are now being quite generally planted. What the result will be remains yet to be seen. The English or sweet cherries were tried at a very early day by per sons in different parts of the county, and at first they promised well, except that the trees were a little tender, but since the advent of destructive in sects they have been discarded except in private gardens, the fruit being usually either wormy or so badly stung by insects as to make it knotty and small. The Morello family of cherries have been found to be hardy and much less liable to suffer from insects. The earlier varieties, such as the early Richmond, have a very small proportion of wormy fruit. This class of cherries is now generally planted throughout the county, and they are brought into our markets in great abundance. Strawberries were cultivated for market in small quantities as early as 1852 or 1853. In 1860 J. H. Stewart had a plantation of some four acres and found a ready market for the fruit in Quincy. D. C. Benton, of Quincy, was probably the first who attempted to ship strawberries to other markets, and he was also one of the earliest shippers of peaches. About 1865 Wm. & J. H. Stewart commenced shipping strawberries in a small way, and continued to increase their business until 1874, when they had over forty acres devoted to this fruit, and shipped five or six thousand quarts per day. In 1878 there were more than twenty-five farms in the immediate vicinity of Quincy, where strawberries were grown with special reference to supplying the shipping trade. Extensive experiments have been made in the cultivation of the pear for market, but the success has not met the expectations of the growers. The planting of this fruit commenced with that of the apple. The trees bore well and the fruit was of excellent quality; but the trees became, soon after reaching the bearing age, so subject to the blight as to make the business unprofitable. This has always been the one obstacle in the way of successful pear growing in this country. Clark Chatten, Dr. Merrick and E. A. Dudley may be re garded as the pioneers in this line of effort. There are still in various parts of the county the remains of many large pear orchards, mainly of dwarfs, which were'planted between the years of 1863 and 1868, under the impression then prevailing that pears could be profitably grown for export. Plantings for this purpose have now ceased. In private gardens, however, 444 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. and in farmers' orchards, a few trees still find a place, and, if they survive the attacks of the blight, they sometimes become in their old age very prof itable. This is especially true of many old specimens of the Seckel variety, which yield very large crops of the finest quality of fruit. The markets of Quincy are still supplied with an abundance of home-grown pears, and not a few are shipped to other points. " The cultivation of such small fruits as raspberries, blackberries, goose berries and currants has grown almost imperceptibly from small beginnings, till it has become an important branch of industry. While there are few, if any, large plantations of these there are many small ones, and the aggre gate product forms an important item in our fruit exports. The first exhibition of Adams county fruit at the Illinois State Fair was at Springfield, in 1853, when Wm. Stewart & Son took a number of premiums; among them that for the " Largest and best Collection of Apples, named and true to name." The first public exhibition east of the Alleghanies by Western growers was in 1860, by J. H. Stewart, who took a choice collection to the annual meeting of the American Pomological Society at Philadelphia. This fruit attracted much attention and received high com mendation from Marshal P. Wilder, the president of the society, Charles Downing, Dr. Warder, Ellwanger & Barry and other eminent horticultu ral authorities. About the years 1863 or 1864 Clark Chatten took the first premium of the Illinois Agricultural Society for "The Best Cultivated Orchard." These instances are mentioned because they were the beginnings in their several lines, and they served to give confidence that the productions of this county would not suffer in comparison with others. Horticulturists throughout the county now began to make exhibitions at various state and other fairs, and with such success that the securing of premiums became the rule rather than the exception. The Adams County Horticultural Society was organized in December, 1867, by the election of Robert Rankin as president and Wm. Stewart as secretary. They commenced with seven members, and by the first of Jan uary they numbered fifty, including the leading horticulturists of the county. This society did effective work for many years. It made out lists of the various kinds of fruits, based on the long practical experience of> the members, and recommended these lists to planters; it held out-door meet ings in the summer months, on the grounds of the different members, for the purpose of better observing the practical workings of different systems of culture. It also made exhibits as a society at various fairs with the most flattering results, and occasionally offered premiums and held exhibitions of fruits and flowers in its own hall, or in some other hall in Quincy. The cultivation of flowers and the adornment of homes was somewhat retarded here by the poverty of the first settlers, nearly all of whom came here to better their circumstances, and many of whom were driven here by their very poverty, which forbade them to maintain in older communities the place to which their intellectual, social and moral qualities entitled them. The first effort of the pioneer was to provide a shelter for himself and his family ; his next was to subdue and bring into cultivation a sufficient area of land to yield them a support. Afterward came stables for his animals, then an orchard to supply the family with fruit, then, as his means increased,- he built a more comfortable and convenient house. Not till then did he feel able to gratify his tastes and preferences. Not till after this second house HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 445 was built did one farmer in a hundred make any attempt to beautify his home. Woman's taste and skill perhaps had planted a few annuals in the garden every spring, and had kept a few plants in boxes on the sill of the cabin window long after the frost had killed those in the garden, but there was no attempt on the part of proprietors to improve to any great extent the appearance of their home surroundings, nor had they the means and the time to have done so if they had desired. Nature, however, bestowed most liberally what the poverty of man denied. Originally, in this county, the forests covered the low lands along the streams and the narrow ridges on either side. The broader ridges, and the rich, gently undulating table lands which compose the larger part of the surface were mostly open prairie. Occasionally a neck of woods intruded upon the high lands, or an isolated grove stood out in the prairie, like an island in the sea; and occasionally there would be found a strip of prairie on the narrow ridges or on the low bottom lands along the streams, but these were exceptions to the general rule. These prairies, lying as they did upon higher land than the wooded districts, appeared to the eye to be larger than they really were. There were some points where the beholder could only see glimpses of the " timber line," as it was called, on either side. From the time the first star-flowers and violets opened out in the spring, till the petals fell from the last frost-flowers late in autumn, these vast prairies presented a scene of surpassing beauty. During the whole summer there was an uninterrupted succession of flowers; but June was the time of Nature's grandest display. Standing upon some elevation and looking over the prairie at that season, the scene presented before you was that of a vast undulating ocean of green, bespangled all over with constellations of color representing all the varied hues of the rainbow. The winter scenery was in striking and painful contrast with this. Covered with a few inches of snow the landscape suggested only the dreary icefields of some northern sea. Nothing could be more bleak and for-_ bidding. No wonder the first settlers built their houses in the skirts of the forests where they could be sheltered by the trees. As the country filled up the choice building' places were all taken and new comers were obliged to go further out. It was soon learned, also, that the prairie lands were the richest and this was an additional reason for settling on them. In a few years the summer scenery began to lose its beauty. Zigzag fences and vast tracts of black upturned sod began to take the place of nature's robe of beauty. Here and there a wood-colored house or straw-roofed stable on the margin of the plowed land revealed to the philosopher a pic ture of enterprise and fruitful industry, but to the esthetic eye it only appeared as if the great emerald sea had rolled away and left its black, muddy bottom exposed, with here and there a few gray rocks standing out, which had been called in mockery human habitations. If the hand of industry marred the summer scenery, it did not add to the attractiveness of the winter landscape. The gray walls of the dwellings rising above the wilderness of snow only gave to the beholder the painful feeling of pity for those who were doomed to live amid such bleak desola tion. A winter scene upon one of our large prairies thirty-five years ago was chilling and repellant in the extreme. It had no redeeming features. There was no shelter for man or beast, except the lone shanty which man called home, a cold, comfortless shed for the horses, and the fences, which in summer protected the fields from the cattle, and in winter the cattle 446 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. from the storm. It is doubtful whether this country, since the day when God first clothed it with verdure, was ever so bereft of beauty as when it had been robbed by man of all the richest of nature's pencilings and had received as yet no touches from the hand of art; when the people in their struggle for bread or for wealth had destroyed the glory of the prairie and the forest, and lacked as yet the means, the time, or the will to make even the meager compensation of adorning each the little spot he called his home. It is not surprising that with such surroundings men and women who had been reared amid scenes of rural beauty in the older States should become dissatisfied and restless, should begin to contrast the present with the past, and should embrace the first opportunity after their more pressing wants were supplied to satisfy the finer feelings of their nature by rendering their homes more attractive. There were many such among us. They began the work, and their example was most happily con- tageous. There came a time when even the most rigid utilitarian was willing to plant a tree and thus secure under the name of shelter what was demanded by his love of beauty. The black locust, catalpa, lombardy pop lar, and other deciduous trees were planted along the fence in front of the house, the door-yard was leveled, the corn-crib and pig-pen were moved into the background, and the yard was enclosed by a neat fence and sowed with grass. Then a few snow-balls, lilacs, and hardy roses were planted here and there, black walnuts and butternuts were gathered by the boys in autumn, and after being exposed to the action of frost during the winter were planted the next spring in the fence-corners. Young seedling maples were pulled up in the forest and transferred to the outside fence-corners around the barn-yard, where they soon furnished fine shade for the farm animals. Cotton woods, willows, wild cherries and elms, which sprung from seeds which the winds or birds had dropped along the ravine that ran through the field, or in the corners of the pasture-fence, and many another neglected place, were suffered to grow unmolested in the rich virgin soil. Meantime the orchard was growing, and in a few years a wonderful transformation had been wrought in the summer landscape, and home be gan to look cozy and attractive. In winter, however, the leafless branches of a few trees only partially checked the piercing winds. They still whis tled spitefully through the keyhole of the door and challenged the thrifty farmer to a further combat. The challenge was accepted. The farmer planted evergreens and gained the victory. The general opinion had been that evergreens would not thrive upon the prairie soil. Why this opinion prevailed it is hard to tell unless it was because there were none indige- - nous here, except a dwarfish variety of the red cedar, and that was confined to a few steep, rocky places along the creeks, and the people took it for granted that the reason they grew there was that only there they found the soil that suited them. The true explanation of the absence of evergreens here seems not to have occurred to any one at that time, that is that they could not withstand the fires which annually consumed the heavy carpet of dried leaves and grass on the richer lands, both of prairie and forest, and only on the steep, rocky and barren hillsides, where they found no fuel, gave the evergreens any chance to grow. When cedars first were planted on the prairies, sand and gravel were put underneath and around each tree. They were transferred from the bluffs of Mill Creek to many door-yards and were very much admired. It was soon discovered that they would thrive just as well without the sand as with it, and would do well on almost any HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 447 dry soil. Gov. Wood was the first to introduce the spruce, fir and other northern evergreens. In 1831 he made a second journey to the Eastern States, and procured at Prince's nursery, on Long Island, some balsam fir, white pine, and other evergreens, and also a collection of flowers and shrubbery. With these he ornamented the lawn around his house, which stood on the present site of Chaddock College, exciting the admiration of all the neighbors. The late F. W. Jansen, passing by one day, asked him where he got those beautiful trees. " On Long Island," was the reply. " I will start to-morrow morning and get some, too," said Mr. Jansen, thinking he meant Long Island on the river near Quincy, but when Mr. Wood explained that it was Long Island, New York, he concluded it was too far away to undertake the journey just then. i Mr. Wood soon after ward obtained some evergreens from the northern pineries and added them to his collection. Two or three balsam fir-trees, which belonged to the original lot obtained from Prince's nurseries, were blown down a few years ago by a severe wind-storm, but most of the trees, both evergreen and deciduous, are still standing on the lawn where they were planted. The large deciduous cypress tree, which is a marked feature of these grounds, was obtained, Mr. Wood thinks, at Prince's nursery in 1831, with the evergreens. Some fine specimens of the American larch, obtained with his first evergreens from the north, are not now standing. The plant ing of these trees direct from the forest was attended with so much un certainty, on account of their liability to die the first year, that but few people made the attempt. Wm. Stewart, Sr., of Payson, was the first nurseryman in the county to keep evergreens for sale. He obtained his supply by making annual trips to the Northern pineries, where he had the young seedlings dug from the forests, carefully packed under his personal supervision, and snipped home by steamboat. They were, planted in the nursery rows and grown for two or three years before they were sold to customers. A large per centage of them died from the effects of the first transplanting, but after growing a year or two in the nursery they could be transplanted with per fect safety. The people, however, were at first afraid to risk their growing, and Mr. Stewart used to set them out on the grounds of his customers and warrant them to grow. He made landscape gardening a study, and used to lay out the walks and arrange the grounds of his neighbors, and in this way a number of places assumed such an attractive appearance that the demand for evergreens and ornamental shrubbery became general. To meet this demand he enlarged his stock. Failing in one of his trips to the upper Mississippi to find all the varieties he desired, he sent one of his sons, who was with him, across the country to the lakes, part of the way by stage and part of the way on foot, through the forest, with instructions to return with his trees by way of the lake to Chicago and thence home by way of the canal and the Illinois river to Naples, whence his own wagons would haul them forty miles to the nursery. The next season another son was sent South to ransack the Southern forests for everything beautiful which might give promise of becoming acclimated here. A large assort ment was brought, most of which proved to be too tender for our winters, and among these, to his deep regret, were the grand evergreens magnolia and the holly. The pitch pine of the South proved to be nearly hardy but not ornamental. Specimens of it are still standing on " Fawley Place,' ' near Quincy, and on the old Stewart homestead at Payson. The deciduous 39 . 448 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. or swamp-cypress was the only truly valuable acquisition from this source. It grows vigorously on our soil, is perfectly hardy, and makes a unique and beautiful tree. A number of specimens still standing on the site of the old Payson nursery are assuming stately proportions, and already show, rising from the ground around them, the famous " cypress knees " of the Southern swamps. One or two very fine specimens are also standing in the grounds of " Fawley Place." The era of home adornment was now fairly inaugurated, and nursery men all over the county kept from that time forth a liberal supply of ever greens and other ornamental trees and shrubbery, which found a ready sale at remunerative prices. When the supply ran short on the upper Missis sippi there were found men in the East who made a business of procuring very small seedling evergreens from the forests of northern New York, and supplying western dealers, and finally the nurserymen of the northwest learned the art of growing them from the seed, and have produced them by the million ever since at prices which put them within the reach of all. The introduction of evergreens has had a two-fold effect. In the first place, it has greatly stimulated the tastes of our people in the direction of home adornment, and in the second place it has entirely transformed the aspect of our landscapes, especially in winter. A large proportion now of the homes of our people are embowered in trees, which not only check and lull to peace the winter winds, but rising in their perennial green amid the darkest storms, point upward to the skies, reminding us of a brighter world than this. The old settler, as he looks over these hills, finds it hard to rec ognize the scenery he witnessed in his youth. The old distinction between forest and prairie has been almost entirely obliterated by clearings in the one and plantings in the other. Dotting the landscape here and there are groups of farm buildings, nestling among evergreen trees, and surrounded by ample and well-kept lawns. The old "worm fence" has very generally given place to the well-clipped hedge, the log cabin to the ample "farm house, and the straw-roofed stable to the ornamental cornices of the first- class barn. Those homes are exceptional where there are not found in the yard a supply, of flowering and ornamental plants, and in the rooms a collection of flowers to show their beauty and shed their fragrance in the gloomy winter days. If our summer landscapes are less gorgeous and imposing than at first, they are more varied and attractive, and our winter scenery, robbed of all its bleak repulsiveness, presents an appearance of cozy comfort, which rather attracts than chills the beholder. Our older villages, such as Payson and Clayton, are almost lost to the view amid the profusion of trees and shrubbery, and the city of Quincy, by its multitude of neatly constructed dwellings set in the midst of well- kept yards or more ample lawns, and surrounded by a profusion of sylvan beauty, has justly earned its sobriquet, " The Gem City " of the west. ADAMS COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. The declared purposes of this society are: "The promotion of medi cal science, the cultivation of a just sense of professional obligations, and the organization of the profession in connection with the American Medi cal Association." The society was organized March 28, 1850, at a meet ing of the physicians of Adams county, held in Quincy, on call of a com mittee appointed at a previous meeting, by the election of the following '' ¦¦¦¦ .:. .¦. ¦ ,' ¦'.,.. HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 449 oIHooi-b: Dr. Joseph N. Ralston, president; Drs. S. W. Rogers and M. Shepherd, vico-presidents; Dr. J. It. Ilollowbush, recording secretary; Dr. Louis Watson, corresponding secretary; Dr. I'1. B. Leach, treasurer; Drs. Isaac T. Wilson, M. .1. Roeschlaub and Louis Watson, censors. Besides tho above, Drs. Wan-on Chapman mid .lames Elliott were original mem- burs. The Hociety was incorporated by special act of the Illinois Legisla ture, in the Winter of 1859. I'Yoin May, LS61, until May, 1863, no meet ing was bold, ho many of tho members being absent in the army that a quorum could not bo obtained. Of those who were members during the war of the rebellion, tho following wore in tho military service: M. M. Bane (Colonel 50th 111. Inf.), who lost an arm at Shiloh; G. II. Bane, Frederick K. Bailoy, Henry ,]. (Jliui'chnian, Bartrow Darrach, who died in the service; S. W. Everett, killed at Shiloh; A. M. D. Hughes (Adjutant r.Oth 111. Inf.). killed at Shiloh; Ilonry W. Kendall, It. It. Kendall', S. C. Moss, 0. II. Morton (Lieut. Colonel 84th Ill.Inf.); Daniel Stahl, Louis Watson, Ihhhc T. "Wilson. Dr. M. K. Bassott, a member, was surgeon of the board of enrollment of this district. The society has given much attention to sanitary matters, and by its persistent ellbrts Hecured tho creation of a board of health by the city of Quincy, and tho adoption of a system of mortuary registration, several years previous to tho passage of tho present State laws relating to these matters. Since its organization it has had tho following presidents, some of thorn for several terms: J. N. Ralston, S. W. Rogers, A. Nichols. F. B. Leach, ML Shepherd, K. G. Castle, M. M. Bane, Daniel Stahl, L. Watson, J wine, T. Wilson, Joseph Robbins, W. A. Byrd, and Richard Williams. The society now has forty-six resident members. 450 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. |'if '(Moo r-l r-d t-t (M WOO t'A-00 t UKbb'd. CO CO CO O C* CO ^ t-( t-H r-t ni3SJO0H rH HMH I' I C0005C5HCOiC«t-«ODOHCOf*OC3LO^COCJOOOH©0 C!3Tnaa IlT ' OHCOOi^^SOOO^HOOIOlOOOiCOClHlOOJQCOlNqWO br,UJddN COCOCO^CQCO^h ,-H — i .-t CM rH Oi (7* C3 i-H r-i i-H tHrHi-H 0^lC«03^OTO'-'>lXCaCi^iOOCDC5W^|HW * dbH"L COMIO^COlClHHrHHWOHHHHMHnCiHOJHHrlfflH |-inoinari tH HC4H CQ (MQO t'aaiooii COWOOC5H-^iO(MC-COCOlCTfl(Ki01GRiCDCiH©0 1-MnnVTT Qt-iC0Q^^OX,#HOO10ICO0JCD(MHI0«0500(SO1010 fAlULJ-l-H CO CO CO "* CT CO tH t-< i-H -r-l C3 t-1 L^lC<^£^05C''lt--C«t--t--OCOira-^COOOCDOTC5 O* ^tj O "^ ^ 5 " *' CO CO CO lO Oi CO t *-piBAi9^g cooi-oa^t-aiHOio^iNioor-wco-^iO'^t-icwHTtiHifl ODClOCirHClHrfliOCiOH^COffllOOCWCDCOOO^HCi-^OT COCQlOMCOlOHHrlHWCMHHH^HHClHCQHrlrHNrl « ['inttng 03S!0O f'wdooo CQ rH rH rH ^ COrH |'S3ll3JT WtJICOO-HOllOrHOPOKaOrHt-t-OWO^MQOStOCDW t-"; *'n9Pl!X m^(oopoMOXom«pioo«t-iowo[-i(Wr<^min QM0OWm«B-*0!OH^t-t0t0OO«OOOmHffiC0«WmiO^OlOHHrtrl(SClHHHHHHH«rHWrtHH«H ' A- o Is GhOQ £ iS65 Hg o o 'fca-g-l. a y ,• oj • . w ^ c g 1 a'a s i-s-al^s^SitSlS IS »» HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 451 ¦spnog A^nnoQ ;snre3y rH «OCCON»O10O-tlt-ncQcq©c0OCM-'5C:C-«^HQ0H cm I W©©Hj>t-^«ilOnMC-t-10C-OOCQHKiH?SOCOHCO(; CSCOC-Wi>JO©COTtiHOO-,*WOCJOH«10COQi>HOlC'1CO CO CO iO C3 CO tH HHHCQHiMM HWHHH t-H rH t-H **^qdoia I'sauop SDSO^GO coo«© CO CO co •-* ioco t>inCOCSt*HHi£iOC-t*0-^(r)l?l05^COl01i5rHO MW!0t"*HOOTHlOOQO--rli<«C5 00 05OLQ (MCOt— I HHHffJrlfflffJ MHHH HHrl ^¦suioaoo 0^t-^^ooHHiOJO«t-HHC?comit-ao«H«oi'ntiOCC)«C*H«lCCSOH^QO?OmOC-«©t-HCOHCS^CS WCOIffl^OOHHHH««HHHTHrlHn«TH«T-inHCSlH I-H139JJOM t-H rH t-H HIOC5 T-3P"ia H\ tHN tHX tH\ iHHTH«H-10000'>Dat*M"H:OOOJIOQHt-t-CO©l3lOOCOCOHOTHOQ^ramOCDlOt-Ot-COt-COOODOlOt-OOiO nOOOE-O^n^CQlHlO^t-'OCJ t-TID CO^COCSO-lCOCO^i-H rH HH *— *'nos -5[0UpH9JJ 1CK GO 10 CO G5 CO C3 iOi0^t-C OJCDmOiCCJCOGOCQQOOT-ltO^QCOlOOOOLOHO^QOQO OlOXt-CSr-HHWWTOCOCQCQWHHCtH'^CKOTHHWCOrH ^ouptran rl«M « Oi 00 •(.M9uiiiie.if) COMCQIOCJMi <©©H^O ... -. .. ioaoMHiowocosoioio tH t-H rH 18 45.000 0 20 20.000 80.OOO 0 00 ¦30.000 ¦ 50.000 i 23 100.000 225,000 3 25 150.000 750.000 16 60 75.000 220.000 6 150 3O0.(Xkj 350.000 13 200 150.000 30 650 250.000 425.0OO 0 50 340.O00 3 2(V> 100.000 270.000 46 165 100.000 140.000 4 35 120.000 600.000 20 70 2 nal petitioners of Dec. 6, 1834, only Henry Asbury and John Wood are now living. Henry Asbury was once elected Worshipful Master. John Wood, although never in high official position in the order, has' ever retained the respect of his brothers in masonry. He stands above reproach. Bodley Lodge, No. 97, met in communication at Jacksonville 111 April 6, 1840, and assisted in the formation of the Grand Lodge of Illinois. The numbers assigned to each lodge, under the renewed State organi zation, were in accordance with the dates of their respective charters as QUINCY HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 495 originally granted. Therefore Bodley Lodge, Quincy, became No. 1, and Columbus, Adams county, No. 6. Of this last, Abraham Jonas was master, and he was chosen Mosf Worshipful Grand Master of the State. Hiram Rogers, also of this lodge, was first Grand Junior Warden. At the first annual grand communication, Oct. 20, 1840, Harrison Dills was elected Grand Junior Warden, and John Crockett was appointed Grand Junior Deacon, both of Bodley Lodge No. 1. . Of the thirty-two charter members only seven are now living, and only one, Harrison Dills, a member of the lodge. Harrison Dills, James H. Luce and John Crockett, received the lectures from Barney in 1845, and through them was perpetuated what was then, and is now, declared to be the work of the Grand Lodge of Illinois. Asa W. Blakesly is now one of the oldest and brightest members of the lodge. He came to them in 1848 from Hancock Lodge, and has been more than thirty years a mem ber and officer of Bodley, and twenty-four times held a seat in the Grand Lodge of the State. At present William M. Robertson is the master, and Thomas J. Bryant, secretary. We give the other lodges of masons in Quincy according to their order, and would be glad to give further particulars concerning them, but those of whom we have asked historical information have been too busy to furnish it to us, and the records not being accessible we are obliged , to mention them in brief. Herman Lodge, No. 39, has now for its W. M. Geo. O. S. Burt and Philip Lauter, secretary. Quincy Lodge No. 296 has E. C. Sellick for Master, and T. J. Mackav, secretary. Luce Lodge, No. 439, has John A. Riley for W. M., and H. H. Hoff man for secretary. Lambert, No. 659, has C. S. Hickman for W. M., and Isaac N. Farrar for secretary. Quincy R. A. Chapter, No. 5, has for its officers D. J. W. Bonney, H. P., and Isaac N. Farrar, secretary. Beausant Commandery, No. 11, of Knights Templars is officered by Edward S. Mulliner, Eminent Commander, and Wm. E. Avise, Recorder. Mr. Mulliner belongs to Quincy Lodge No. 296, where he has often been in the Master's chair, and although comparatively a young mason, has attained and kept a prominence in the order seldom reached by persons of his age. i. o. o. F. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows began their existence in Quincy in 1845. Quincy Lodge, No. 12, was organized March 24, 1845. The charter members were John Cleveland, Senr., Thomas Goodall, Chas. Gurn, Thomas Reid, Lewis M. Booth, Edward R. Woofers. July 27, 1848, Marquette Lodge was initiated, and its charter mem bers were: J. R. Hollowbush, Wm. H. Benneson, Ebenezer Moore, A. E. Savage, Ethan Allen, Jr., James A. Parker, William M. Goodwin, John Murphy, John Tillson, Jr., Henry Sage. Oct. 13, 1858, Adams Lodge, No. 365, was instituted; the charter mem bers were Frederick Wallett, Earnest Adam, H. H. Jansen, John Simon, B. Williamsdoffen, G. H. Mertz, F. W. Hoffman, Charles Petrie, John Doul. Robert Brooker Lodge, No. 406, instituted Oct. 12, 1868, the charter 32 496 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. members were: M. Piggott, L. W. Brooker, J. F. Grosh, Lewis Schaub Robert Brooker. , Golden Rule Lodge, No. 27, Degree, of Rebekah, instituted Oct. 11, 1870. The charter members were: James E. Dunn, Thomas Donovan,1 Josiah T. Brown, Thomas T. Joseph, John Bailey, James E. Crew, John Ode, George W. Carnes, J. W. Elliott, Joseph Phelps, L. B. Corder, J. B. Schott, Asa V. Calkins, J. C. Bradshaw, John Hutton, William W. Stock- well, Lewis Schaub, Mrs. Celia H. Dunn, Mrs. Kate Bailey, Mrs. Eliza Crew, Mrs. Elizabeth Phelps, Mrs. Julia Coder, Mrs. Sophronia Calkins. Allen Encampment, No. 4, was instituted at Quincy, Oct. 14, 1857, and the charter members were: Thomas Elms, Charles Gnrn, James A. Swazey, Thomas J. Goodall, Ethan Allen, Jr., J. D. Griffin, Thomas Reid, Ebenezer Moore. The Odd Fellows of Quincy and of Adams county have reason to be prond of their record, and many of their individual members have been among the distinguished men of the count}'. Mr. James E. Dunn, who is now among the oldest members, still keeps his interest and familiarity with the order, and is a bright exponent of the doctrines of F. L. & T. OTHER SOCIETIES. UNITED ANCIENT OEDEE . OF DEUIDS. Adams Grove, No. 2, was instituted Dec. 17, 1855, (English). Meets every Wednesday, southeast corner Vermont and Sixth; 169 members. Washington Grove, No. 3, was instituted Oct. 16, 1856, (German). Meets every Thursday, southeast corner Vermont and Sixth ; 91 members. Quincy Grove, No. 10, was instituted March 13, 1.862, (German). Meets every Monday, southeast corner Vermont and Sixth; 96 members. Oak Grove, No. 21, was instituted Oct. 1, 1869, (German). Meets every Tuesday, southeast corner Vermont and Sixth. Gem City Grove, No. 49, was instituted Jan. 1, 1875, (German). Meets every Wednesday, southeast corner Vermont and Sixth. Socrates S. A. Chapter, No. 2, was instituted Oct. 28, 1864, (German). Meets second Friday of each month, southeast corner Vermont and Sixth. Excelsior S. A. Chapter, No, 5, was instituted Oct. 14, 1873, (Eng lish). Meets on second and fourth Wednesdays of each month, southeast' corner Vermont and Sixth. The Grand Grove of the State of Illinois meets annually, on the first Tuesday in June, at places chosen at the previous session. THE KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. The Knights of Pythias have, in Quincy, two large and prosperous lodges, officered as follows: Red Cross Lodge, No. 44, K. of P.: P. C, A. J. Baby; C. O, G. M. Janes; V. O, W. R. Van Doom; P., A. J. Lennox; M. of Ex., W. H. Honch; M. of F. Wm. Carson; 'K. of R. and S., J. F. Grosch: M at A E Lafevre; O. G., M. Highland. Prenx Cheriber Lodge, No. 18, K. of P. : P. O, L. B. Boswell • C O, Albert Demaree; V. C, J. B. Bowles; T. C, B. Corriel- M of 'Ex L.' B. Boswell; M. of F., Wm. F. Lyon; K. of R. and S., A.'o Gardner-' M. at A., W. R. McOormick; J. G. E. Cameron; O. G., Thos A Knight' HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 497 State officers resident in Quincy are, W. A. Schmitt, Grand Chancellor, and W. R. McCormick, Grand Junior Guard. Independent Order of B'nai Berith: Zuleika Lodge, No. 99, organized June 23, 1867, meets second and fourth Sundays in each month, at Mar quette Hall, on Maine street. Quincy Lodge, No. 151, organized August 28th, 1870, meets every second and fourth Sunday in the month, at Harugari Lodge rooms, Maine street. • / Besides the societies named, there are large and prosperous lodges of the Ancient and United order of Workmen, the Mutual Aid and others. EAILEOADS. Great difficulty was experienced by the early residents of Quincy and Adams counties to secure railroad connections, as most all of the roads were to be built to other points on the Mississippi river, but were finally obtained for Quincy by the liberality and enterprise of the citizens of the city and county. A number of lines now center in the city, giving every facility for passenger and freight traffic. The oldest railroad now making Quincy a terminus is the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, which was completed in February, 1856. This road, between Quincy and Galesburg, was built by the old Northern Cross company, from which fact it was called the Northern Cross railroad. This branch was the result of the internal improvement system which was in augurated in 1837, the Legislature prescribing various lines, among which, was a line from Quincy, on the Mississippi river, via Columbus and Clayton in Adams county, Mt. Sterling in Brown county, Meredosia and Jacksonville, in Morgan county, Springfield, Decatur, Danville, thence to the State line. This was known as the Northern Cross. The State commenced the construction of railroads in various sections of the State, but in four years, after expending $8,000,000, it discontinued the work. It put in operation sixty miles of road, from Meredosia to Springfield, which is a part of the Northern Cross road, which the State managed for years, until finally it was sold at auction. In 1849 the Northern Cross railroad company was incorporated, with J. M. Pitman, S. Holmes, John Wood, C. A. Warren, G. B. Dimock, Hiram Boyle, and I. N. Morris, of Adams county, and J. Brockman and J. W. Singleton, of Brown county, as incorporators, whose object was to build and use a railroad from the west bank of the Illinois river, opposite Meredosia, to the city of Quincy. The old Northern Cross railroad between the two points named above, was sold to J. W. Singleton, S. Holmes, H. S. Cooley, C. A. Warren, J. M. Pitman and I. N. Morris, for $1,850, pay able in State indebtedness. On the road thus sold, $500,000 had been ex pended between Clayton and Quincy. At a meeting in 1850, $10,000 of the capital stock was subscribed. In the same year I. N. Morris, J. W. Singleton, J. M. Pitman, N. Bushnell and N. Flagg were elected directors, and I. N. Morris, president; E. Moore, treasurer; and S. Holmes, secre tary. The company purchased the road of the proprietors, and prepared for active work. In 1851 the city of Quincy subscribed $100,000 in stock, payable in bonds, and the company was to have $20,000 of the stock as representing their interest. A new election took place, and N. Bushnell was elected president. Under this organization the road was leveled and graded to Clayton, 498 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. and even to Sterling, all ready for the iron, when the company failed to ob tain the Brown county bonds, previously subscribed. This in connection with the fact that the Sangamon and Morgan railroad company were hos tile to the connection with the new road, satisfied the company that they could not build the road to Meredosia. At this time, having procured an act from the Legislature authorizing them to build a lateral road in the di rection of Chicago, they entered into a contract with the Central Military Tract company, by which they secured a road through from Quincy to Chicago. In 1853, having secured the influence of the Michigan Central, who controlled the Aurora branch, running from Mendota to Chicago, the ar rangements were perfected. Quincy made a further subscription of $100,000, while the citizens also subscribed $100,000. In January, 1856, the entire ' line, from Quincy to Galesburg, was completed, at a cost of $3,600,000, and on February 14, the first through train passed over the road. The line from Galesburg to Chicago was completed in the same year. The Toledo, Wabash & Western, or "Wabash," was built under an act in the Legislature, in the name of the Quincy and Toledo railroad. The , line was the original route of the Northern Cross, which was abandoned by the then railroad compay. Subsequently J. W. Singleton obtained a charter, and proceeded to construct the road from Camp Point, Adams county, to Meredosia. The road met with many difficulties until completed. At Meredosia it connected with the Great Western railroad, which has since been joined in one company extending from Quincy to Toledo. The Hannibal & St. Joe railroad has become part of the Quincy system of railroads, as it is joined to Quincy by the Old Quincy & Palmyra branch, which is now a part of the road. This road runs from Quincy to St. Joseph and Kansas City, Mo. The Hannibal & St. Joe was originally built to make Hannibal, Mo., the Eastern terminus, but energetic citizens of Quincy built a short line from Quincy to Palmyra, tapping the St. Joe line at the latter point. The Quincy & Palmyra railroad company was organ ized in 1856, but did not complete the road until 1859. In 1856 it was purchased by the Hannibal & St. Joseph company. In 1868 the Quincy, Missouri & Pacific was organized. It has con structed a line from Quincy to Kirksville, some seventy miles distant, and is still extending its line to the Missouri river, at a point opposite Browns ville, Neb. Municipal subscriptions to a large amount were obtained to the new road. The first directors were John Wood, C. A. Savage, Thos. Red mond, C. H. Bull, Thos. Jasper, T. R. Selmes, C. M.Pomeroy, Geo. Adams, of Quincy; and Jno. Winterbottom, W. C. Hillis, J. W. De France, W. G. Roseberry, and J. S. Church, of Missouri. The officers were, C. A. Sav age, president; Geo. S. King, secretary; C. H. Bull, treasurer; John H. Schermerhorn, chief engineer. The Quincy and Carthage railroad was created in 1870, and Hon. O. C. Skinner elected President; J. W. Bishop, Secretary; and H. G. Ferris, Treasurer. The road runs North from Quincy, passing through Mendon and Keene townships, of Adams county; thence through Hancock county to Carthage, and from there to Burlington. It was soon completed, and is now a part of the C. B. & Q. company, who connected it with Burlington Iowa. The Quincy, Alton & St. Louis railroad was organized September 10, 1869, with J. W. Singleton, R. S. Benneson, A. J. F. Prevost, Wm. Bowles MEMBER OF CONGRESS ELEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT QUINCY HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY 499 J C. H. Curtis, Edward Wells, Eli Seehorn, Perry Alexander, and C. S. Higbee, as directors. J. W Singleton was elected president; T. T. Wood- run, secretary and treasurer. The road was completed so as to make con nections with St. Louis, and is now a branch of the C, B. & Q. The St. Louis, Keokuk & .Northwestern railroad also connects Quincy with the North and South, as it crosses the bridge at Quincy. The road is completing its route to St. Louis, and when completed will be a valuable orad to Quincy. Other roads are projected from Quincy, as, for instance, connecting the Baltimore & Ohio with Quincy by a branch built from the city to Beards town. THE QUINCY BUILDING ASSOCIATION. The Quincy Building Association was organized April, 1874. The founders were J. H. Schermerhorn and R. L. Miller, the object being the accumulation of a fund by monthly contributions, fines, premiums, or loans and interest on investments, sufficient to enable the stockholders to build or purchase for themselves dwelling houses, or improve real estate, or make such other investments as they may deem advantageous. The constitution provides as follows: All persons of the age of twenty-one years and upward may become Stockholders of this Association. Minors may hold stock by guardian or trustee. Each Stockholder shall be entitled to a certificate for such stock held by him or her, to be issued in the name and under the seal of the Association, attested by the President and Secretary, which certificate may be transferred by assignment which shall be duly recorded upon the books of the Asso ciation . , The number of ,shares of stock to be issued by the Association shall not exceed ten thousand (10,000), and shall be issued in series as the Board of Directors shall determine ; but it shall be lawful for the Board of Directors to conclude the 9ale of stock in any of the series when one hundred shares shall have been subscribed. The value of each share to be one hundred dollars. Each stockholder, at the time of subscribing for said stock, shall sign his or her name to this charter. No member shall own more than fifty shares of stock in his or her own right. The capital shall be paid in installments, at the rate of fifty cents per share per month, at the time provided for in the By-Laws, in default of which such fine shall be imposed as the By-Laws shall designate, and such payments shall continue until, with the accumulated profits, the whole stock (or each particular series) shall be worth one hundred dollars per share. The payment of dues on a series of stock shall commence at the date of issue of the same. Each Stockholder, for each and every share of stock held in this corporation, shall be entitled to receive a loan of not more than one hundred dollars ; such loan to be disposed of' to the highest bidder for priority of right, and shall pay one-half per cent, per month inter est upon the whole loan, including the premium. The repayment of such loan to the Association shall be secured by bond and mortgage on real estate, which shall be clear of all incumbrance (except in case this Association shall hold the previous incumbrance) together with a policy of fire insurance, if upon improved property, assigned to the Association ; such security to be approved by the Board of Directors. Officers and Directors are as follows: President— Chas. W. Keyes. Vice-President— F. W. Menke. Secretary— Q. H. Morton. Treasurer— Geo. F. Jasper. Attorney — Rufus L. Miller. Directors. H. A. Williamson, Peter H. Meyer, Ceylon Smith, W. B. Larkworthy, Thomas Austin, C. H. Morton, J. M. Smith, F. W. Menke, Jas. Inghram, W. S. Flack, Herman Moecker. 500 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. The last report shows the receipts and disbursements of the association to be as follows: To Dues received $107,206 50 " Interest 17,439 81 "Fines 880 40 " Transfers 195 30 " Premiums 58,071 80 " Repaid Loans 38,700 00 " Rents 46 00 " Sale of Real Estate 2,905 00 By Loans to Stockholders $165,600 00 " Stock withdrawn 32,211 00 " Interest on Stock withdrawn 5,949 96 " Premium on Repaid Loans 12,510 65 " Cost of Real Estate 5,204 47 " Expenses 3,162 20 " Taxes on Real Estate 92 63 " Cost of Safe 131 30 " Balance — Cash on hand 582 60 £225,444 81 §225,444 81 GAS — ITS INTEODUCTION INTO QUINCY. Those who daily receive the benefits of illuminating gas no doubt will be interested in an account of its introduction. Like other new enter prises of equal importance it was long talked of and agitated before active measures were adopted for its introduction. In the year 1853, a company was organized, and a contract entered into bv the corporators, John Wood, Lucius Kingman, Samuel Holmes, Thos. Redmond, Jas. D. Morgan, Samuel W. Rogers, Thos. C. King, Robert S. Benneson and Wm. H. Car lin with Messrs. A. B. Chambers and Thos. Pratt of St. Louis, who in con sideration of $75,000 of the stock of the Quincy Gas Light and Coke company agreed to purchase suitable grounds, furnish all the materials and construct works of sufficient capacity to manufacture and store 55,000 cubic feet of gas daily, lay 3-J- miles of street mains, provide the necessary meters and erect 50 public lamps. At the same time a contract for fifty additional lamps, and the right of way in laying street mains was entered. into. On the first of December, 1856, the contract for the erection of the works hav ing been completed, and Messrs. Chambers & Pratt having purchased and erected 14 more lamps and furnished meters, seven pipes and other materials not specified in the contract, they were allowed an additional $5,100 in stock for extra labor and material. The whole stock of the company thus amounted to $80,100, and it commenced operating with one bench of three retorts, 64 public lamps and 139 private consumers. With the growth of the city the demand for gas has rapidly increased, and the company is now working eight benches of three retorts each to their full capacity, lighting 334 public lamps, supplying 750 private consumers, and has over eight and one-half miles of street mains. In 1867 a new gas holder, 60x22 feet, with a capacity of 62,000 cubic feet, was completed at a cost of $21,516.58. Since then the retort capacity of the company has been doubled, consisting of twelve benches of three retorts each, the old purifiers five feet six inches square, have been replaced by new ones ten by fonrteen feet, and the old center seal of six inch capacity has been replaced with a new seal of ten inch capacity. The six inch street mains have been replaced by ten inch pipe, and the change has added materially to the pressure and flow of gas. HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 501 The last mentioned improvements have cost the company $20,729.14, most of the work being done by Quincy mechanics. Tho improvements at the works this year have, been the introduction of new ten inch condensers with an exhauster and engine, at a combined cost of $6,610.76. The old gas holder was also repaired at a cost of $1,153, and is to be replaced the coming year by a new and improved one. Other improve ments during the same period, including building, &c. aggregated $1,- The annual consumption of coal at the gas works is 77,763 bushels, and of lime 2,957 bushels. The pay roll proper amounts annually to $14,- 000. _ This company has now been in operation thirteen years, and although a majority of the stock is held in St. Louis, it has always been managed by Quincy men, who, while they have an interest in the pecuniary success of the company, have still a larger interest in operating it to the satisfaction of our citizens. Thus, while they have acted in good faith as directors and managers, they have never failed to add such improvements as seemed in their judgment demanded by the city and their patrons. In this particular, therefore Quincy, has a decided advantage. The capital stock now amounts to $101,550. The enterprise exhibited by the company the past two years in laying new street mains and increasing its manufacturing capacity, is an earnest that thejT are determined to keep pace with the wants of the community, and supply our citizens with an article of gas not excelled any where. In this connection it is proper to state that there has been decided improve ment. The present officers of the company are : President, Jas. D. Morgan ; secretary. H. R. Corley; treasurer, C. M. Pomroy; superintendent, August W. Littleton. CEMETEEIES. The Hebrew cemetery is in the northwestern part of the city, near what is known as Sunset Hill. The Roman Catholic cemeteries are located on Maine near the corner of Eighteenth; on Broadway just east of Thirtieth, and on State east of Twentieth. The Woodland cemetery is located in the southern portion of the city, and is bounded by Jefferson street on the north, and Van Buren on the south, and by Fifth street on the east and the river bank on the west. The city hospital occupies a position in the southeastern portion of the cemetery grounds. Woodland cemetery is beyond question one of the most beautiful in the country. Its situation on the bluff is such that from it is secured one of the finest and most extended views to be found on the Mississippi river. Fronting on Fifth street is the tomb of Timothy Rogers, Esq., of Quincy. The work of building was in progress for more than a year, and was com pleted about twelve months ago. During the past season thousands of persons have visited the cemetery for the purpose of viewing this magnifi cent work of art. Mr. Rogers determined, several years ago, to erect the tomb, his inten tion being to make it the finest in the United States, and equal to any in the world. The vault is located on Fifth street fronting Adams, one of ^ the prettiest spots in the cemetery. The lot fronts forty feet on Fifth and 502 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. runs back sixty feet. The front of the tomb is of Vermont marble, and including the tower is forty feet in height. The front is from four to six feet in thickness, the blocks being handsomely carved and ornamented with wreaths and other tasteful and appropriate designs. The tower which sur mounts the front contains on its four sides a bust of Mr. Rogers,_ and is a handsome piece of work. The design is by the well-known architfPt, Mr. Bunting, of Indianapolis. Over the door the name of "T. Rogers" is cut in the marble, and above the name appear the figures 1876, cut and bronzed. The vault itself is of brick, laid in. imported English cement, which was also used in the marble front. An idea of its dimensions may be obtained when it is stated that 112,000 bricks were used in its construc tion. The brick wall is covered with soil, and then sodded. The entrance is through massive double doors of solid marble. Inside the marble doors are doors made bf iron slats, which are used when the heavy doors are left open. The floor of the corridor is of marble blocks, with a black border running around the side and ends. On each side of the corridor, running the whole distance of the tomb, are the vaults or places for caskets, which number 112. The caskets rest on a marble slab, and marble slabs are placed in the openings after the caskets are deposited, and cemented. The arrangements for ventilation are such that the tomb will always be free from foul air. A hollow wall connects with each vault and carries the air into a ventilating flue which runs above the tomb. As the vaults, as fast as occupied, are sealed up, there never can be any bad air in the corridor. Drilled holes through the marble doors admit fresh air when they are closed. The interior is so arranged that in the future, if it should become necessary, 100 vaults can be added in the corridor, commencing at the west end. Mr. Rogers intends it for a family tomb, and expecting it to be used for hundreds of years, so designed it that a century hence vaults for his descendants may be erected there. It has been visited by citizens from all portions of the country, who pronounce it far superior to any work of' the kind they ever saw. It is perfectly safe to say that it is by far the largest, finest and most costly ever built in America. As stated above, the marble was obtained from Vermont, and was dressed and finished ready to be placed in position before it was shipped. The marble filled twelve freight cars, each carrying 20,000 pounds. The entire work cost $20,000. Mr. Rogers is entirely satisfied with it, and takes pride in showing to his friends the marble temple, prepared by him for the resting place of his family and descendants. His enterprise has given Quincy a tomb finer, costlier and grander than can be found in any other city in the United States, and is deserving of high praise. Strangers in the city will find that a sight of the tomb of Mr. Rogers will repay them for a visit to the cemetery. The Soldiers' cemetery is located the same as Woodland; a portion of the latter's ground being set apart for this purpose. BEVERLYTOWNSHIP m m Z~r ^mm BENJAMIN KINNEY deceased) I BEVERLr TOWNSHIP ELLINGTON TOWNSHIP HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 503 TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. CHAPTER XVII. BEVEELY BUETON C AMP PoiNT Cl AYTON CoNCOED — COLUMBUS — Ellington — Fall Ceeek — Gilmee — Houston — Honey Ceeek — Keene — Lima — Libeety — Mendon — Meleose — Mc Kee — Noetheast — Payson — Richfield — Ursa. BEVERLY TOWNSHIP. The township of Beverly is situated thirty-one miles southeast of the city of ^Quincy, in the southeast corner of Adams county, the county of Pike lying south and east. The first permanent settlement was made by Azeriah Mayfleld, in 1832, on section 21, and was the only settlement until 1834, when James Sykes, Jr. (now deceased), and John B. Robertson, with their families, from New York, settled here, and in 1835 James Rich ardson, Sr., Samuel Cutter, Wm. Raymond, Hon. Archibald Williams, Jacob Stafford, and others, and from that time the accessions to their pop ulation were more rapid. These, mainly, entered Congress land, and soon it was mostly taken up, leaving nothing but the military land open for pur chasers; but for lack of confidence in the titles it was not purchased until 1840, when it began to sell rapidly, and the best of it was early taken by those who still continued to come into the township. At the present time the population is about 1,300. Mr. and Mrs. Jas. Sykes died on the same section where they first located; Mr. Robinson and wife are still living on the same section, he aged 89 and she 81. In this township are two small villages, Beverly and Kingston. Beverly derives its name from Beverly, Massachusetts; Kingston was named alter one of its founders, Mr. James King. Beverly village was laid out in 1836, on section 21, by an association composed of John B. Robertson, Wm. Raymond, Chas. W. Billington, Samuel Reynolds and Archibald Williams. It contains a large and commodious school-house, a Union Methodist and Congregational church, and also a Town Hall for holding elections and other respectable meetings. This Town Hall was built in 1850 for a church. The present church was built in 1864 by public subscription. The first school-house was built in 1237, and was destroyed by a tornado in 1844. The first teacher was Henry Benson, who taught two quarters, and was em ployed by the trustees at $23 per month, the citizens agreeing to pay one-third by subscription, the balance from the school fund. Beverly post- office was established in 1837, and Mr. John B. Robertson appointed post master by President Martin Van Buren. For thirty-four years Mr. Rob ertson kept the post-office at his house, and then six years in the village, and at the age of 86 resigned on account of deafness. The first mill was built in 1843, on section 20, by Wm. Raymond and Ben Kenney, and was run by ox-power. The first blacksmith shop was run by Edward L. Grosch. 504 . HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. The first store was kept by Thomas Thompson. The first preacher/ in the township was a Mr. Browning. In 1848 Mr. James E. Frink began the manufacture of furniture, and is now compelled to substitute steam for horse-power to meet the demand. Blacksmiths, carpenters, shoemakers, har ness-makers, coopers and other mechanics find ready employment. The village of Kingston is situated very finely in the northwest corner of the township, has two churches — the Baptist and Methodist — one large school-house, and two stores — dry goods and groceries — kept by Thos. Polk and Mr. H. B. Apsley, the latter also being post-master. Kingston also has the finest Masonic hall in the county outside of Quincy, with a. very respectable lodge of well-posted members. It also has a drug-store and harness shop kept by E. W. Ridgely. There is also a steam flouring mill successfully run by'McVay & Bimson. This township is almost equally divided between timber and prairie, and is classed among the best town ships in the county. schools. Richardson School-House District', No. 1, is situated in the northeast corner of the township. It was built about 1840, and has been replaced by a new one. The school is well regulated and in good repute. The present board of directors is, Perry Frame, Jerome Ferry, Evans Noyers, clerk. The last teacher was George Browning. The number of children on which tax is based is eighty-five. Oak Grove District, No. 2, was organized in 1840, and a frame build ing put up which was used for a number of years, giving place to a new building which is now being replaced by the third, which is under head way, and will cost about $600. The district has seventy-eight children subject to taxation, with an average number of scholars per month of thirty. Present teacher is Elsa Hart; present board of directors is Henry Weber, Francis Wells and John M.Browning. Lone Oak District, No. 3, is located in the southwest corner of the township. The present school building is worth about $600, fully insured. The district has seventy-nine children subject to taxation, with an average school attendance of thirty-five. The present teacher is L. S. Climer, and the present board of -directors is S. R. Hal], Matthew Orr, and Charles Morgan. Mound District, No. 4, is situated near the southeast corner of the township, close to the "mound farm," known as the Archibald Williams place; it is the highest point in Adams county, over seventy -five feet above the average surface of the township. The school is well patronized by the citizens of the township. The present board of directors is Geo. Stauffer, John Insley, John Leighty, and the number of children in the district is fifty -five. The present teacher, Miss Katie Robertson, is highly esteemed. Kingston District, No. 5, is located in the village of Kingston. The school-house was erected at the same time the Masonic hall was built, and is a fine building. The present board of directors is Lloyd Kinney, Wm. F. Bacon, O. P. Buffingtou. The school tax is levied on a basis of 115 scholars. The last teacher was E. C. Green. Beverly District, No. 6, is situated in the village of Beverly. The school-house is a good, substantial, well-constructed building, and rather excels the other school buildings in the township. It cost $1,600. The HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 505 district has 119 children. Present board of directors, Wm. Robertson, James Richardson, Jr., and John Convey. Beverly township has also three Union Districts, two connecting Pike county, and one McKee township, which contain sixty-three children sub ject to taxation. This is a material help to the school fund of the town ship, as it draws proportionately from the State fund. CHUECHES. The first Sunday-school was formed in Beverly, May, 1850, and was the " John the Baptist " of the church. It was formed by the influence of Mrs. McCoy, mother of Robert McCoy, and was superintended seven years by G. W. Williams. The M. E. Church.- — The first society of the M. E. Church was formed in 1852 by Rev. John Kirkpatrick, embracing three families. The Congregational Church of Beverly was organized by Rev. G. W. Williams, December 13, 1859, composed of eighteen members; was recognized as such December 27, by a council from the following churches, viz: Quincy, Payson, Hannibal, Mo., Macomb, Griggsville, and Barry, 111. Ministers present were Rev. S. N. Emery, Quincy; Rev. C. A. Leach, Payson; Rev. N. P. Colvin, Griggsville, 111.; Rev. Z. R. Hawley, Macomb. Officers of the church; Rev. G. W. Williams, pastor; John F. Godfrey, Edward Williams, Geo. W. Robertson, deacons ; Joseph P. Wood, clerk; Lewis Hubert, treasurer. There was an Ecclesiastical society formed by members of both churches, and duly incorporated for the purpose of acquiring and holding property in order to build and hold a meeting- house for the joint use of both churches. They have worshiped in the house ever since as peaceably as mortals usually do. The Congregationalists have not had a pastor for several years, but unite with the Methodists in worship and the conduct of the Sunday-school. Kingston Methodist Church. — John Piper was the first preacher that ever ministered in the township. He held meetings at the houses. In 1854 the present church was built, and used many years as a Christian Church. After struggling a long time it declined to a small number of members, and in 1862 sold out to the Methodists for $350. They organ ized by electing the following board of trustees: Benjamin Fahs, Jacob Buffington and W. M. Eidson. The Rev. Mr. Dake, of Beverly Circuit, is now ministering to the society, and the church has now forty -five members. BURTON TOWNSHIP. The first white settler in Burton township was Elias Adams, a native of New York State, and a soldier of the 'war of 1812, in Capt. Forsythe's rifle company. After serving for five years, part of the time as an orderly sergeant, he was discharged, and coming to Illinois in 1824 or 1825, located on the land granted him by the Government for his services, being the north west corner of section 28. Thaddeus Pond and family came to the town ship in 1829; located on the southwest corner of section 15. John Wigle was living in the year 1831, on section 28, near where the town of New Liberty now stands, and had for his neighbor Joseph Ferguson, who resided about two miles west from him, near where the old Dunkard meeting-house stood. Dennis P. Meacham had located near the southeast 506 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. corner of the northeast quarter of section 20. Abraham Hunsaker, Jno. Hughes, and Geo. Wolfe, with their families, were located along the west line of section 18. Lewis Simpson, Jacob Hunsaker, and Eli Littleton were located along the west line of section 19. Old Samuel Hunsaker on the northeast of section 30. Long Davis on the northwest of section 30. Joseph Rhodes and Andrew Hunsaker on the southwest of section 30. Jno. Mc- Bride on southwest of section 31, which is now the west part of Liberty township. As most of these settlers had large families quite a little settlement was formed. At about the same time Sam'l ierguson had located near the southwest corner of section 2, in Burton township, Jacob Sharp, at the southwest corner of northwest of section 3, and Wm. Richards on northwest of section 7. Wm. Medford, the first school teacher in the township, andwho was also a Methodist preacher, was living on the south east of section 8. During the fall of the same year, Abram and Alvin Conger, with their mother, Joseph H. Childers, the widow Norton, Henry C. Davis, with their families, arrived from the State of Kentucky, and located on sections 5 and 8. Mr. Franks and family, who came with the same party, settled on the northwest of section 6, in Richfield township. Henry CHngingsmith and family, with his single brothers Daniel and John, and his brother-in-law, Jno. Strader, were located on section 18, near the Burton spring. Henry and John Doty, both single, were located on the southwest of section 17. Other settlers who came to the township about this time, including Layston, Ray, Reuben Wright, McNab, James and Elijah Thompson, from some cause or other soon pulled up stakes and journeyed to other lands, some to Texas, others to Iowa. Elijah Thompson returned from Texas in 1834, and settled on the southeast of section 12, where he resided until a few' years ago when he was gathered to his fathers. There were coal beds worked on sections 25 and 36, from forty to fifty years ago, by blacksmiths and others who hauled it to Quincy, but the con struction of the C, B. & Q. railroad effectually crushed the enterprise by furnishing cheaper transportation from the beds at Colchester. In November, 1831, Laris Pulman and wife arrived in Burton town ship, from the State of New York, having come the entire distance in a two- horse wagon, drawn by horses which were nearly old enough to vote, being each eighteen years old. Mr. Pulman located on the northwest of section 26, where he still resides. The list below gives all the supervisors, town clerks, assessors, col lectors, and justices of the peace since the first year the township was organized under the township organization act: SUPERVISORS. TOWN CLERKS. Wm. H. Tandy. . . .; 1850-51 T. H. Richards 1861 62 73 74 75 Abraham Vickers 1852 "W. H. Leach 1864-65 Joseph A. Pulman 1853 L. Pulman .. 1866-67 Wm. V. Humphrey 1854-56 J. P. Richards '. ! . . .1868 Laris Pulman 1857 a. R. Stewart 1871 Wm. Richards 1858 T. J. Enlow 1872 Thomas Tripp, '60 to '75, a period of 16 yrs. Edmund Wells '. .'l876 A. M. Samuels 1876-77 Willis Enlow 1877-78 Reynard Cook 1878-79 assessors. town clerks. A. P. Price 1850 52 J. A. Pulman 1850-52 B. S. Stevenson 1851 C.M.Morton 1853 J.W.Richards 1853,55,65,75 I.N. Enlow 1854,55,57,69,70 AndrewThompson 1854 T.Tripp 1856, 58, 59 J. G. Humphrey 1856 Wm. Landon 1860, 63 Wm. Richards 1857 60 §wM^ BURTON TOWNSHIP HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 507 ASSESSORS. John Aton 1858 John M. Samuels 1859 L. Pulm'an 1861, 67, 68 L. D. Thompson 1862 John McVev 1863, 69 Geo. W. Dean 1864 Leonard Hoffman 1866 Jas. O. Lytle 1870, 72, 73 S. S. Nesbit 1871 A. M. Samuel 1874 T. H. Richards 1876-78 COLLECTORS. Jos. Leverett 1850 A.F.Price 1851 J. W. Richards 1852 Wm. V. Humphrey 1853, 61 John Cavalt 1854 Nelson Birdsall 1855 Wm. Richards 1856 A. B. Wheeler 1857 COLLECTORS. Levi Wolf 1858 Wm. H. Leach 1859 David Howe I860 Alex. Hunsaker 1862 Henry Grimmer 1863 T. H. Richards 1864 L. Hoffman ' 1865 Thos. J. Enlow 1866 Ed. James 1867 J. O. Lytle 1868 Edwin Cleveland 1869 R. A. Mehaffy 1870 I. N. Enlow 1871 Edward Fairfax 1872 G. R. Stewart 1873 Jno. H. Rumpf 1874 W. H. Merz 1875 Samuel Corbin 1876 Jno. A. Proctor 1877 James I. Pulman 1878 BUETON VILLAGE. The village of Burton was laid out and located on the southwest quarter of section 7, .by Elijah M. King, Esq., about the year 1836. Paris T. Judy kept the first store, E. S. Beardsley the first tavern, and David Karnes the first blacksmith shop, which were located on section 18. The first wagon-maker was Samuel Cooper. Since its organization there has been one addition made to the town consisting of one tier of blocks south of Maine street, which is on the section line and the main road to Quincy. S. S. Meacham, who was justice of the peace and post-master for nearly twenty years, commenced keeping a general store in 1840, which he con tinued until his death, a period of about thirty-five years. After his death J. H. Pulman succeeded to the store and the office of justice of the peace. The village contains about twenty-five buildings, and about one hundred and thirty inhabitants. It has two blacksmith shops, one hotel, a school house and one church. SCHOOLS. Livingston School District, No. 1. — Prior to the division in 1843-44, it comprised a piece of land two miles in width, lying on the north side of Burton township extending from the east to the west line, the school house being situated on section 3. The building surrendered to the fire-king (supposed to be the work of an incendiary) about the year 1845. In Octo ber, 1843, the district was re-organized, and now comprises nineteen quar ter sections in the northeast corner of Burton township. The prime actors in succession were Joseph Leverett, John Mitchell, Parker Goding and A. M.Foster. The name Livingston was proposed by OF. Foster, in honor of Edward Livingston, Prime Minister to the Court of France during Presi dent A. Jackson's first administration, which name was unanimously adopted. The first school was taught during the winter of 1843-44 by Otis Thompson in an upper room of Joseph Leverett's dwelling. The summer school following was taught by Miss Walton, now Mrs. A. M. Richards. The first school-house was built during the summer of 1844, near the center of the district on land appropriated by Joseph Leverett, said building being constructed by voluntary labor. It was a creditable building in its day, and was used as a place of worship for many years. 508 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. A new building was erected the following summer — one more credita ble to the district — under the judicious management of W. H. Thompson, A. Slade, and E. B. Hughes. The geographical situation is somewhat re markable, lying on the dividing waters of the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, making its location one of the highest and most sightly in the county. From near the center, and especially during the winter season, a view may be had of the following towns and villages: Payson, Newtown, Liberty, Columbus, Coatsburg, Paloma, and Keokuk Junction. From one stand point on section 1 the water falls to the four points of the compass, and the beholder can see at a glance thousands of acres of the most fertile lands in the county. At the present writing it contains a population of 140 souls, and is occupied by able and practical farmers who pride them selves in the advancement and the good morals of the community. A Sabbath-school has long flourished in this community, who feel that intelligence coupled with Christianity are more potent than the sword of Achilles, or the artillery of Napoleon, and are the sure safe-guards of our commonwealth. Present teacher, Miss Emma Lytle, has served the school with great satisfaction. Mr. Wm. H. Thompson is chairman of the board of school trustees. School District No. 4, section 29, known as Tandy school. The school- house was first built in 1850, a small brick building, 25x30, in what was then considered very modern style — high ceilings, large windows, to lower or raise by weights and pulleys — a good, substantial, comfortable, and well- furnished school-house; better than was usually seen in those days. Among the patrons of the school, and those who contributed largely to its support, were Wm. H. Tandy, Chas. M. Morton, Israel Morris, John Aten, Thomas Hughes, W. B. Wheeler, and M. W. Smith. It was named the "Washing ton Hall" school-house. The first school was taught by Franklin Richards, son of Wm. Rich ards, Esq., near the village of Burton. He taught the winter term of six months, and soon after married Miss Catharine V. Tandy, daughter of Mr. Wm. Tandy, and now resides in the old Tandy homestead, about a quarter of a mile from the school-house. In the spring of 185-,Mr. Ambrose F. Newman, of Eastern birth and education, took charge of the school, and taught it with the best of success for over five years. The next teacher was Mr. H. R. Lewis, a Presbyterian minister who then lived in Newtown, followed by Mr. Willard B. Spaulding, a graduate of Keene College, New Hampshire, a very intelligent, highly educated gen tleman, of refined manners. He was succeeded by Chas. A. Kendall, now living near Barry, 111., a very successful teacher, Messrs. Whitney, Lion- berger, Morris, Nesbitt, and Miss Hannah Hibner, Hattie Morton, Mrs. H. Kay, and many others. In 1865 the old brick was torn down and replaced by a large and commodious stone building which is now in good condition and largely attended. It is situated in a very pleasant neighborhood, and the patrons are mostly men of wealth and culture, who appreciate a good school and the advantages derived from it, and always try to secure the services of efficient teachers and pay them good wages, and now is called the "Tandy school-house." Newton School District, No. 5, section 27, was first taught in the Presbyterian Church, by Miss Harriet Spencer, who taught several terms. The patrons of the school at that time were Josiah Read, Warren Miller William Wells, George Wells, Laris Pulman, James Ward, Roberts and HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 509 Elliot. Miss Ennis Kimball taught in 1842. Josiah Read in 1843. He was a man of great intelligence, educated in Northfield College, Mass., also attended Chesterfield College. N. H., and was a very successful teacher for three or four terms. Pie still lives in section 26, where he first settled. Elizabeth Ballard taught in 1844, Elizabeth Wells in 1845, Wm. V. Onslow in 1846, Sarah Wells in 1846 and 1S47, followed by Amy Wells and others. About 1855 a new school-house was built, and Mr. Spencer A. New man taught the first school in it, followed by Miss Lucy Alford, and E. M. Williams. R. P. Kendall assisted by Hattie A. Morton taught the winter term of 1856-57. J. D. Duncan taught in 1858, Miss Hannah P. Eaton in 1859, Phcebe Ells' in 1860, J. W. Morris, Susan Gabriel, 0. M. Stone fol lowing. About 1862, the school having become so large that the school- house could not accommodate so many, the old Presbyterian church was purchased and fitted up for a school-room by Messrs. Herbert Tandy, Nes- bitt, Read, Tibbitts, and others. Miss Jennie Morton taught the primary in 1868; Miss Norris, the higher department in the hall over Tripp's store. In 1870 a new school-house was built in the northwest part of town, 40x50, with two rooms, at a cost of $4,000. William Kay, assisted by his wife, taught the first school in it. Rev. Mr. McKorcle taught three or four terms, assisted by his daughter, Mary/and by Miss Josephine Hughes. Mr. Chas. Read and Miss Elodie Richards taught in 1876-77, Charles Read and Mary Roe in 1877-78, Isaac Cutter and Mary Roe, the present teachers, in 1878-79. The school is well "graded and classified, and numbers about 100 scholars. The present directors are Leonard Hoffman, Levi Gettzs, and Granville Boqkout. -%, Independence School. — Therschool-house was built in 1846. The patrons of the school, and those who helped to build the house and support the school were Garrett Stewart, John Felt, Jacob Sharp, John G. Lightfoot, J,acob Helm, and Jackson Norton. Of these, Garrett Stewart alone survives. The school-house is quite near his residence, which has ever been a home for the teachers. The first person who taught the school was Mr. Martin, a very strict, stern man, but a very good teacher. He was followed by Michael, then John Moore, Joseph Lummis, and Franklin Newman, who was a very superior teacher, well educated and well liked. His pupils remember him with affection. He died several years ago. Mr. Adrian Tandy taught the school in 1849, followed by Thomas Brunton, who taught several terms, and was a very experienced teacher, having been engaged in teaching so long that some of his former pupils are grandfathers and grandmothers now. He was followed by David Wells, of Newtown (since deceased), Joseph Morton, who taught several terms, and Mr. Wm. B. Fisher, of Columbus, 111., Miss Hattie Morton, in 1856 (the school was very large at that time, well-attended, and a very interesting and advanced school), Mr. E. B. Dunwell, Mr. Sherben King, Miss Jennie Morton, Mr. Geo. King, a graduate of Yale College, Miss Drusilla Powell, Ann Taylor, and others; in 1869 Mr. E. P. Moore (he was proficient in elocution, and declamation at school exhibitions was then very much in vogue), Mr. John Murphy, Miss Margaret Best, Kate Buckingham, W. Landon, Geo. Richards, and Miss Eunice King, who now is teaching her second term. The school now averages about twenty scholars. About 1861 or 1862 the German Lutherans built a school-house in the same district, and more than half the children attend the German 510 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. school. The present board of directors is George Stewart, Robert Mehafiy, and A. M. Samuels. . Burton School No. 3. According to the records of 1847, the board of directors was Joseph H. Childers, Josiah Richards, and Granville Corbin, J. Richards being treasurer. J. P. Cadogan was the first teacher who ever taught in the district, but owing to the defacing of the records it is impos sible to state the amount of his salary or length of time taught. The school was held in the historical "log school-house," for several years, when the present building, a one-story frame; of one room, was built. The attendance is usually large, numbering about eighty, but is gen erally taught by one teacher. Amon* those who have served the dis trict as directors was S. S. Meacham, Elijah M. King, Wm. Richards, Noah Swain, Henry Cooper, I. N. Enlow,. and Dr. . M. Landon, the last two mentioned serving many years at different times. The present board are Geo. Schafer, Geo. Able, Henry Mullenhouer, the former acting as clerk of the board. The school, though large, has generally been under good- control, and many who now hold prominent positions in«-life received their first lessons in Burton. Of the teachers who have held positions in the school, with credit to themselves and profit to the district, may be mentioned Miss Sarah J. Underhill, a finely educated lady, Mr. J. A. Mc- Craynor, a man of superior disciplinary ability, whose merits were highly appreciated by the people of Burton, and whose influence will be of lasting benefit to the school; Mr. P. A. Sickal, a man who enjoys a good reputation as a teacher in Adams county. D. W. Landon, who received his education in Burton, held the position of teacher for a number of years, and is now an M. D.of great popularity inhis native town. W. E. Enlow, also educated at Burton, taught the school very successfully a number of t<-rms, and is at present town clerk. The present incumbent is W. C. R£* 'nson, who is serving a nine-months contract. The names above mention^ ,re of those who have served in the latter years of the school, the names oi but few of the former teachers having been recorded. CHUECHES. The first church was organized by Caleb Sewell, who was a Free Will Baptist minister from Lowell, Mass. Subsequently the Methodists organ ized a church under the leadership of Daniel Hughes. The Methodists were the last to proclaim the Gospel in the old school building, and modestly retired to the new church known as Pleasant Grove Church. The building was repaired in 1868, and was burned on the night of December 18, 1875. Pleasant Grove Church was built in 1866, at a cost of $B °00. It was dedicated by Rev. Reuben Andrus, D. D., name, M. E. Onvu- . The board of trustees at the time of building the house was Garrett Stewart, Elijah Thompson, Daniel Hughes, Daniel H. Carlin, John S. Wilson and Jas. Shipman. The number of members then was twenty. The present board are H. J. Vickers, J. F. Hughes, G. R. Stewart, J. F. Sparks. Pres ent number of members, sixteen. First pastor, Curtis Powell; Wm. R. Gooding^ second; Robert Honnold, third; James Sinnock, fourth-; G. S. Ferree, fifth; Samuel Shinn, sixth; Reuben Gregg, seventh; T. J. Bryant, eighth and present pastor. Among those who contributed largely to aid in building the church Were Daniel Hughes, who moved to Payson, James dIHSNMOl Noxune (assvaoBaj 3 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 511 Shipman, who moved to Kansas, E. B. Hughes, J. F. Hdghes, Garrett Stewart, and many others ; preaching every alternate Sabbath; officers of this church amenable to the Quarterly Conference of the M. E. church on Columbus circuit; Miss Julia Slade, organist. A well attended and flour ishing Sabbath- school is maintained. The Baptist Church at Newtown was organized May 24, 1873 ; Elder R. Gibson, moderator, and H. L. Tandy, secretary. Charles M. Morton, Giles S. Lewis, and H. L. Tandy were chosen deacons; J. F. Richards, clerk; H. L. Tandy, treasurer. At the organization the church numbered thirty- six members. In the fall of 1873 a meeting-house was built and dedicated, costing about $4,000. The first pastor was Elder Kelly, called March, 1874. He died while engaged in a protracted meeting in March, 1875. Elder H. Steele then became pastor of the church when his labors closed. Elder Yates, pastor of the Payson Baptist Church, preached every Sabbath evening for one year. In April, 1878, Elder Wm. Hawker accepted a call to become pastor, and is still preaching for the church. The church has a flourishing Sabbath-school, H. L. Tandy, superintendent, and at present numbers seventy-one members. Presbyterian Church. — At a meeting held January 25, 1839, at New town, Adams county, Illinois, called for the purpose of taking into consideration the desirability of organizing a Presbyterian Church in that place, it was unanimously resolved by the persons present at the meeting to take the initiatory steps toward organization. Messrs. Wells, Roe, and Warren Miller were then appointed a committee to lay the subject before the Congregational Church in Payson, and ask the concurrence of that church in their action, and letters of dismis sal for all persons desiring to identify themselves with the new organi zation. In due time the committee above named submitted the mat ter to the Payson church, which gave its unanimous approval, and granted to all persons wishing to identify themselves with the new organi zation letters of dismissal and commendation. Matters being now in a fair way to perfect the organization of a Presbyterian Church, a meeting was called for the purpose and held Feb. 26, 1839, and upon invitation the following named were present: Revs. Thomas Cole, Warren and Nichols to assist in the organization. The following named persons then presented their certificates of dismissal from the Congregational Church of Payson : William Weils, Phoebe Wells, Lewis Roe, Caroline Roe, Warren Miller, Phoebe Ann Miller, Elizabeth J. Wells, Amy A. Wells, James Stober, Janette Stober, Eliza Stober, Desia Wells, Catherine Wells, Mary Wells, Alice Wells, Catherine Wells, 2d, Harriet E. Wells, and Samuel Reed, and were constituted the Presbyterian Church of Newtown. The min ister first in charge of the church was the Rev. Thomas Cole, who resigned in 1841. The first ruling elders of the church were William Wells, Lewis Roe, and Warren Miller. May, 1841, the Rev. Lycurgus P. Kimball com menced his labors with the church, remaining with it till February, 1843. The pulpit of the church then remained vacant two years. In June, 1845, the Rev. H. C. Abernethy commenced a ministry which continued into 1850. Over three years now pass away before a regular minister is again obtained. During this period of the history of the church, difficulties arose among the members which led to a division, and the organization of the Newtown Congregational Church. From this division may be dated the decline of Presbyterianism at Newtown. In 1853 the Rev. G. F. 33 512 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Davis commenced to labor with the church, remaining with it till 1855. Succeeding him was the Rev. William Herrit, who commenced his labors in 1857, and continued to discharge the duties of his office faithfully till 1862. During Mr. Herrit's ministry preaching was transferred by the advice of the Presbytery from Newtown to Independence, that a conflict of interests with the Congregational Church might be avoided. At this period and for about five years after, the church. had to go through the deep waters of affliction, and, with the exception of a little supply preach ing by Presbytery, and a short period of service on the part of the Rev. Mr. McCoy, it remained, as it seemed, unnoticed and uncared for. But bet ter days were before the church. In this dark period of its history, God in his providence so ordered it that that the Rev. Leslie Irwin, late Pres byterian minister of Allenstown, Pa., and then residing in Quincy, having learned that some of his old parishioners resided at Independence and Ellington, visited both places, and undertook to preach to the people. In September, 1867, he entered upon his labors at Independence. In 1870 the name, which ,the church still bore — Newtown — was dropped, and that of Independence assumed. In 1871 a meeting was called at the house of Elder David Kemp, to consider a proposition to build a suitable Christian home. Only three persons, however, came together: Mr. Kemp, Mr. Thomas Smith, and Mr. Irwin; but they were enough, for they determined that a church edifice should be erected, and that it should be located in the village of Burton, about two miles from the school-house, where the con gregation till then had held their religious meetings, on condition that the Burton people would co-operate with them, which they did promptly; hence, Burton, through its enterprise, has a church building that no town need be ashamed to possess. The building committee were D. Kemp, Thomas Smith, I. N. Enlow, and G. J. Shafer, to whom credit is due. The cost of the building was over $2,500. It was dedicated November, 1871. The Rev. Leslie Irwin remained connected with the church till his death in 1873. Mr. Irwin's successor was the Rev. James B. Crowe. Fol lowing him was the Rev. J. P. Dawson, whose successor was the Rev. Samuel D. Fulton. The present minister in charge is the. Rev. Samuel Ollerenshaw. The present officers of the church are Elders Frank M. Steele and James Wood; trustees: G. J. Shafer, James Wood, Thomas Smith, John Irwin, I. N. Enlow, and James McMeekin. LODGE. Burton Lodge I. 0. 0. F. was instituted and officers installed on the 8th day of August, 1877, by W. W. Stockwell, acting deputy G. M. P. M. of Quincy, and W. Piggott, G. V. G., James Benneson, G. Sec, Dr. Bonney, G. Marshall, and Bro. Bristol, G. Treasurer. The organization and institution of the lodge, notwithstanding the exceeding nnfavorableness of the weather, was well attended by visiting brethren from Quincy and Lib erty. The ceremonies were participated in by the following brethren from Liberty: J. W. Grimes, M. D., B. F. Grover, C. J. Korney. The first officers elected were: N. G., George J. Schafer; V. G., R. Cook; Secretary, P. R. Meyers; Treasurer, F. M. Stall; Warden, John H. Rumpf. Appointed officers: O. S. G., Henry Meise; Conductor, F. M. Stall. The charter members were, Geo. F. Schafer, R. Cook, F. M. Stall, J. H. Rumpf, P. R. Meyers, A. Michels, and A. Meise. The lodge is now in an active and prosperous condition. EDITOR CAMP POINT JOURNAL HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 513 CAMP POINT TOWNSHIP. Camp Point derived its name from a point of timber, now within the limits of the village, and known by the early settlers as " Indian Camp Point," being a land-mark for the early pioneers,and used in a still earlier day by Indians as camping grounds. Daniel Smith and James Lasley, brother- in-laws, were the first settlers in the township. Smith settled on the south east quarter of section 29, and Lasley on the southwest quarter of section 28, in 1828 In the fall of 1829 Lasley sold his improvements to Jezreel Shomaker. Figley settled on the northeast quarter of section 27, in 1830. The same year an old sea captain named Calley, and his son-in-law, Rand, settled on the southeast quarter of section 10 and the northwest quarter of section 15, same year Lock settled the northeast quarter of section 22, and Jonathan Brown the southwest quarter of section 2. Farrow Hamrick, the oldest settler now living in the township, settled on the southwest quarter of section 33, in 1832. In 1831 Lock sold his improvement to Wm. Wilkes, father of Daniel Wilkes, who settled on the northeast quarter of section 33, in 1832. In 1832 Samuel McAnulty, Lewis McFarland and Wm. McAnulty, settled on the north half of section 3. In the fall of 1835 came with their mother, Adam R. Wallace and Jas. A. Wallace, Rezin Downing and his sons, ex:cept John, who came the year before, Peter B. Garrett and Richard Seaton. The first school-house was built in 1836, on the southeast quarter of section 26, on land owned by Peter B. Garrett. Brewster was the first teacher. The second school-house was built on the southeast quarter of section 29' on land owned by Daniel Smith, in the spring of 1840. Thos. Bailey was the first teacher. The third school-house was built same year on the southwest quarter of section 12, and P. W. Leet was the first teacher. The first church was erected on the same quarter section in 1848, by the Methodists, and known as Hebron. The second church was built in 1849 by the citizens and Cumberland Presbyterians on the*northwest quarter of sec tion 28. The first store was opened by Thos. G. Stevens in 1850, who came from Columbus and rented a lot of ground from Benj. Booth, on which he erected a store and dwelling. In leasing the lot it was conditioned that he was not to sell whisky. It was believed that Stevens religiously adhered to the conditions of his contract for some two years, but probably realizing a small profit on a very small stock of goods, and having previously realized a large profit on a small stock of whisky, laid in a fine stock of the contra band material. The indications of the new order of things were soon apparent; signs of imbibing freely were becoming every day more and more apparent. This then quiet community felt that their rights were invaded, with but little chance of redress by law. A meeting of the citizens was called at the school-house, then being erected in the now village of Camp Point, where the question was discussed in all its bearings, after which a resolution was passed that we buy Stevens' whisky at wholesale price. The money was raised, and the company of about twenty proceeded to the place of sale. Of course Stevens didn't want to sell, but he was politely informed that sell he must. That he had been selling to others to the detri ment of the community, and that now he must sell out and quit the business. The parley was a short one. The money was paid over, and about a barrel and a-half rolled out in front of the store and the heads knocked in, which was the first wholesale trade made in the town. The act created some talk, but no prosecution followed, and the further sale of whisky was discontinued for some years and only at intervals to the present day. The first mill was 514 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. erected on the northwest quarter of section 5 by John Newland, in about 1838, propelled by horse-power for the grinding of corn. The next mill was erected on the Southeast quarter of section 25 by Peter B. Garrett, in 1844, who erected a carding machine. The next year attached a grist-mill, the whole machinery being propelled by oxen on an inclined wheel. This mill was known for miles around as " Garrett's Mill," and even after it became a prosperous village, our Clayton friends persisted in calling this town " Gar rett's Mill," not willing to recognize the growth and prosperity of the town. After some years Mr. Garrett, in order to meet the demands of busi ness, removed the inclined wheel-power and attached steam, and erected a saw- mill, and for many years carried on a prosperous business. After the death of Mr. Garrett the mill passed into other hands, and is now owned by Wm. Scott & Son, known as the " Eagle Mills." In 1866 Messrs. Thos. and Silas Bailey, Wm. L. Oliver and O. Noble erected a merchant mill at a cost of $16,000.. The mill is now owned by Wm. L. Oliver, and known as " Casco Mill," and has a wide reputation. The first post-office was established in the spring of 1847, and Peter B. Garrett was appointed post master. Benj. Booth was the first blacksmith. In 1846 Jas. H. Langdon came from Quincy, and started a blacksmith shop near Garrett's mill. In ' 1854 G. M. Hess opened a store near the same place; the year after sold to Bailey & Seaton. Late in the winter of 1855 the C, B. & Q. railroad reached Camp Point from Quincy, which was the initial step toward the laying out of the town of Camp Point the same spring by Garrett, Booth, Farlow, and Bailey. Lewis McFarland was the first justice of the peace in the township, being elected in 1838, and continuously holding the same until 1858. He also started the first tannery in the township. The Camp Point Enterprise, a weekly newspaper, was established by W. and R. Carr, and E. E. B. Sawyer, in 1867. It was printed in Augusta, Hancock county, the year before, and distributed to subscribers here by Carr. It was afterward published by Sawyer, then by Kirkpatricks. Then, upon the ruins of the Enterprise, Cyrus & Bailey established the Camp Point Journal. Three years after Bailey disposed of his interest to Cyrus, who has success fully published the paper to the present time. Bailey & Byers opened a private bank in 1868. At the end of the first year Byers retired. In 1875 Bailey took in as a partner Richard Seaton, under the firm name of Bailey & Seaton. In 1861 Reynolds and Koeller started the corn planter works. In 1863, their building and machinery burned down, when they associated with them, Thos. Bailey, who erected the main building of the present works, and largely increased the business. At the end of the first year Mr. Bailey went out of the business, having accomplished all he had in view, that of starting the business. In 1871 the business was transferred to the Camp Point manufacturing company. The business men of the town are: Scott & Son, millers; M. C. Chase, harness ; J. H. Garrett, boots and shoes; Fred Boger, groceries; Oliver & Son, dry goods, etc.; W. L. Oliver, miller, stock, etc.; Bailey & Seaton, bankers; Patrons of Husbandry, George Rhea, supt., general store; Folckemer & Bro., tin-ware and stoves; R. W. Garrett, dry goods, etc.; George W. Cyrus, postmaster, stationary, and proprietor of Camp Point Journal; J. F. Hagerty, dry goods and millinery; M. D. L. Craver, clothing and tailor; A. B. Kelley, jeweler and nursery; Lorentz Zeigler, grocery and eating house; George Gruny, boots and shoes; J. J. Lusk, Maplewood High School camp foiivr HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 515 drugs, etc.; Peter Underwood, groceries; Geo. C. Bartells, drugs, etc.; E. B. Curtis, general store; Leggett & Batschy, lumber, etc. The Adams county agricultural society, in the spring of 1876, pur chased grounds and established the county fair in the immediate vicinity of the village, on a prosperous basis, the coming year being the fourth annual fair. Philip S. Judy, president; Richard Seaton, secretary. Philip S. Judy, Wm. A. Booth and Adam R. Wallace have spent much time to effect the healthy condition of the society, and it is now believed that it rests on a permanent basis, and its success already assured. Camp Point Guards were organized in 1877, and have erected an armory. Richard Seaton, Capt. ; Jos. P. Lasley, 1st Lieut. ; Henry Folck- emer, 2d Lieut. There are five churches in Camp Point. The Presbyterian or ganized in 1856, and built a comfortable place for public worship in 1868. The Methodist organized at nearly the same time, and erected a very good church in 1858. The Baptist organized and built a small but convenient church the. same year. About 1860 the Catholics or-^ ganized and built a pleasant church. The Christians organized and erected a very well arranged church in 1866. The Methodists, Christians, and Presbyterians are fairly prosperous. The school-fund arising from the sale of the sixteenth section origin ally amounted to about fourteen hundred dollars, and was at an early date increased to twenty-two hundred, where it now remains. MAPLEWOOD HIGH SCHOOL, CAMP POINT. The village of Camp Point showed some indications of a future as early as 1847, when the mill, the blacksmith shop, the store and the post- office were followed by the school-house erected in 1853, which was prob ably the best finished and most comfortably arranged school-house in the county, and afforded sufficient facilities for school purposes for some two or three years, when, owing to the growth of the village, another school-house was demanded and was built in the west part of the village, which afforded school accommodations for a year or two more, when both houses became crowded, so that more school-room was found necessary. In 1865 the question of a graded school was talked up by a number of the citizens, when in the spring ot 1866 it was decided by a vote of the district that a school-house should be erected, of such dimensions as not only to afford ample room, but so graded as to afford facilities for all to obtain an education, not only in the common, but in the higher, branches of study. During the summer a block of ground was purchased, and a brick building, 66 x 80 feet, three stories high, was erected, though not com pleted until the summer of 1867, the entire cost amounting to $25,000. The grounds were planted with maple-trees, from which fact was derived the well known name of " Maplewood." Maplewood school was first, organized in October, 1867, under the superintendency of Prof. S. F. Hall, a well-known educator from Prince ton, 111. Seven assistant teachers were employed to take charge of the different grades, and the next year it was found necessary to employ another, Prof. Hall remaining in charge for five years, when he retired, going to Payson, where he taught two years, when he again resumed his. position as principal, which position he has continued to occupy until the present time. The average attendance of pupils has been about 500, of 516 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. whom about one-fifth were from other parts of the county, attending Maplewood to obtain instruction in the higher branches not usually taught in the common schools, special advantages being offered at Maplewood for the study of higher arithmetic, algebra, geometry, philosophy, botany, Latin, rhetoric, etc. The regular school term lasts for eight months, and is followed by a Normal course lasting four weeks, for the special^ training of those who desire to teach, and the result has been highly gratifying to the friends of the school, and a flattering testimonial is shown in the fact that about one-half of the teachers of the district of Adams county have been members of the classes of Maplewood. LODGES. Benjamin Lodge, No. 297, A. F. and A. M., began work under a dis pensation issued by Grand Master Harrison Dills to John R. Warren, John A. Roth, Wm. L. Oliver, Ormond Noble, Jesse L. Reed, Ansel War ren and Joseph Keenan, during the summer of 1858. A new dispensation iwas issued to these brethren at the session of the Grand Lodge, October 6, 1858, and a charter was issued during the session held October 5, 1859. The lodge has had for master, John R. Warren, John A. Roth, W. L. Oliver, Samuel Mileham, M. D., M. P. Stewart, P.M. Herndon, Solomon Alspaugh, George W. Cyrus (five years), Thomas Bailey, John H. Francis, Richard Seaton and Joseph P. Lasley. It now numbers 52 members. Camp Point Chapter No. 170, Royal Arch Masons, was organized under a dispensation issued to George W. Cyrus, Thomas Bailey, Richard Seaton, Thomas A. Lyon, James W. Colwell, John H. Francis, Martin L. Stewart, Samuel Curless, and Andrew Hughes, March 28, 1875. A. char ter was issued October 28. It numbers twenty-one members. Camp Point Lodge No. 215, I. 0. O. F., was chartered Oct. 17, 1856, the charter being issued to John Williamson, John F. Watson, John F. Alberty, John T. Hagerty, and James Nolan. The lodge has accumulated a fund of $3,000 and has eighty members. Point Camp Encampment No. 60, I. O. O. F, was organized by Thomas Bailey, Benjamin Cummins, Joseph Dickson, Jasper Asher, Richard Seaton, Jr., John S. Seaton, and George Gruny, under a charter issued Oct. 10, 1865. CLAYTON TOWNSHIP. This is one of the most beautiful and fertile townships in Adams eounty, her lands consisting of rich prairies interspersed with groves ot timber bordering on little Missouri creek, which has its source in the western portion of the township, and flows east, dividing it nearly in the center. It is one of the richest agricultural districts in the county, and bounded on the north by Northeast township, south by Concord township, west by Camp Point township, and east by Brown county. The soil is a dark vegetable loam, highly productive, and nearly all tillable except the narrow bluff along the little Missouri. The farms are highly cultivated, and the improvements of a fine character. The staple crop is Indian corn, while quite a large area is devoted to grass and grazing. Clayton, the only village in the township, is a thriving place of over one thousand inhabitants. The main line of the Wabash railway extends across the township from east to west, a mile north of its southern boundery. At Clayton, the HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 517 Keokuk branch leaves the main line anoVruns in a northwesterly direction. The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railway also touches the northwestern corner. The first white settlement of this township was in 1829, made about two and a-half miles north of where the village of Clayton is now located by Obediah Nicks, who settled with his family on the northwest corner of section 23.. David M. Campbell, the second settler, came April 1830, and located on the southeast of section 21. He is the oldest living settler, and his son James still lives on this section. In the fall of 1830 Rev. John E. Curl settled on the southwest of section 31, where Wm. Curry now lives, and Jacob Pile, on section 23. In the fall of 1831 Daniel Pile settled on the farm now owned by John Logue on section 24. Mr. Pile was elected the first justice of the peace in the township. After 1833 settlers flocked in rapidly, and the public lands were soon converted into farms. In 1834 John Marrett, Rev. R. K. McCoy, Chas. McCoy and Edward Davis settled in the town. The people early took an interest in educational matters, and as early as 1832 we find a school started in the township, which was taught by David M. Campbell, who was the first school teacher of the township, and had but one session a week, and that on Sunday, at the houses of the pioneers. At the present writing the township is divided into nine school districts with gdod school-houses, furnishing to at least nine hundred scholars a good English education. The township now has a population of about three thousand people, being in the neighborhood of an average of one family to each forty acres of land. The first marriage in the township was that of Josiah Gantz to Miss Curl. They were united in wedlock by Rev. David Wolf in the winter of 1830, on the farm now owned by Wm. Curry. The first death was Sarah J., infant daughter of David M. Campbell, in August, 1832. In 1hose early days hotels were " few and far between," and accomoda tions meager, but " heart room, house room," was the prevailing motto with many of those noble men who came to make a home and fortune in the great West. Among that number were David M. Campbell and his kind-hearted spouse, whose hospitable natures never said no to the weary traveler seek ing food or shelter. Though their cabin was but sixteen feet square they entertained and lodged as many as eleven of the aristocracy of Quincy at one time. VILLAGE OF CLAYTON. The present village of Clayton now has a population of over one thousand, and was laid out in the year 1834 by Chas. McCoy, Rev. Reu ben K. McCoy and John McCoy, three brothers, of whom but one, J ohn, is now living. The town was located on the northeast quarter of. section 34. Charles McCoy being an ardent admirer of Henry Clay, named their infant town Clay-ton in honor of the great statesman. The Rev. R. K. McCoy was for thirty years pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Clayton. He erected the first residence in the place during the summer of 1834, and died in the year 1874, after a long and useful life, beloved by all who knew him . Chas . McCoy built and opened the first store with a small stock of goods, and sold to Sidney Parker of Quincy, a few months after, who con- 518 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. ducted the business for several years, then removed to Mt. Sterling, Brown County. Jason Wallace opened a more of general merchandise about the close of 1836, and continued a number of years, serving as postmaster at the same time. David M . Campbell erected the first hotel during the sum mer of 1835, and kept it for five years, when he sold it to C. McMurry. In the mean time Mr. Campbell had built a larger two-story building on the same lot, which he moved out on to his farm, a mile and a-half north west of Clayton, in time of a deep snow, with nineteen yoke of oxen, having fastened long timbers under the house to serve as runners. It was an exciting occasion, and the whole neighborhood turned out to witness it. The building still stands, and is the residence of Sam'l Newhouse. It is related that Clayton had been partially settled, and not proving satisfactory to the projectors of the enterprise, the buildings were nearly all moved out to farms, and the town almost abandoned for some years, but finally began to revive when the railway was built. Several additions have been made to the original town plat of Clayton, so that it is now situated on parts of sections 27, 34 and 35, at the junction of the Keokuk branch with the main line of the Wabash railway . It has had a steady substantial growth, and now boasts five churches, two large flouring mills, four hotels, two banks, a railroad machine shop, two large wagon manufactories, two marble- works, several dry goods, groceries and millinery stores, two hardware stores, a harness shop, jewelry store, photograph gallery, restaurant, blacksmith and barber shop, meat market, etc., etc. It also has that indispensable accom paniment of every prosperous town, a newspaper printing establishment. The Clayton Enterprise is a twenty-four-column paper owned and con ducted by Rev. P. L. Turner & Son. * SCHOOLS. The first school-house was erected in the village in 1836. Amos Andrews taught in it. In 1877 the fine brick building, two-stories high, with seven rooms was built at a cost of sixty-five hundred dollars . Between the years 1836 and 37, several additions were made to the original building to supply the demands of the rapid growth of the vicinity, the last costing thirty-five hundred dollars. Early in 1877 it was destroyed by fire. During this period many teachers were employed, the results of their good judgment and example is now clearly traceable in the high moral standard of the locality . Of the many teachers who have been connected with this school, Amzi Black was among the first. Twenty-five pupils he commenced with, but the number rapidly increased as the town grew. ' The names of Mrs. J. D. Herdshe, Mr. S. J. Morey, Rev. A. W. Bery, John W. Lummis, Wm. A. Wallace, Geo. L. Booth, O. W. Colegate and S. M. Irwin, will recall to their many pupils pleasant memories of their school days. In 1849 the Clayton Academy was built by the First Presbyterian Church, and used for the High school. Mr. Edward Hubery, a man of fine ability, taught successfully two years, and was succeded by W. P. Manister and Sarah M. McCoy. The board of' directors at the present time are Messrs. E. W.Parker, Jacob Hazlett and H. R. Motter, who have proven themselves capable, and in their selection of teachers given satisfaction . The Old Settlers Association of Adams and Brown counties was organ- .^. 7 *m CL.AYTO N HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 519 ized at Clayton in the year 1869, the first president being John McCoy. Annual re-unions have been held at Clayton, excepting one year it was held at Mt. Sterling. From the proceedings of these meetings where they have talked over for two or three days at a time the struggles and history of the county, we have gathered much to make up our volume. CHUECHES. As a matter of interest in the religious progress of Clayton, we have selected the following historical facts . Presbyterian Church. — The Presbytery of Schuyler, at its spring meet ing in 1836, appointed a committee to organize a Presbyterian Church in Clayton. That committee consisted of the Rev. R. B. Dobbins and the Rev. Cyrus Riggs and Elder Joseph G. Walker. These brethren met at the resi dence of the Rev. R. K. McCoy, in Clayton, to transact the business as signed them by the Presbytery, on the 9th day of April, 1836. After prayer they received certificates of church membership from the following per sons who expressed the desire to become members of the Presbyterian Church then about to be organized, viz.: Joseph M. Phillips, John McBratney, Nancy McBratney, Nancy Phillips, Nancy Howes, Solomon Montgomery, Caroline Phillips, Octavia P. McCoy, Charles K. McCoy, John McCoy, Isabella Bush, Emeline McCoy, Mary McCoy, Sarah McCoy, Oliver Howes. The first minister, and under God the Father of the Church, was the veteran missionary, Rev. Reuben Kemper McCoy. He was among the standard bearers of the Presbyterian ministry in the west, a faithful and diligent servant, filled with the Spirit and consecrated to the work of his Master. At the session of Ebenezer Presbytery, in Paris, Kentucky, in Octo ber, 1833, Mr. McCoy received license to preach the Gospel. Shortly after his licensure he was married to Miss O. P. Hawkins, and entered on a mis sionary work in the southern part of Kentucky. He came to Illinois in April, 1834, and began at once the work to which he believed God had called him. One of his appointments was at the cabin of a Mr. Shields, near the site of the town of Camp Point. Here, after a few weeks labor, and with the assistance of Rev. Mr. Hardy, another pioneer preacher, he organized the Salem Presbyterian Church, with a membership of only eleven persons. In September, 1835, Mr. McCoy was ordained by the Presbytery of Schuyler, on the camp ground near Quincy. And now began his great life-work in the ministry of the Gospel, a work that closed only as his long, day of life drew near and entered its quiet evening. At the organization of the Presbyterian Church at Clayton, in 1836, Mr. McCoy became its faithful and efficient minister, and for twenty- nine years j the ripest and richest years of his life, he labored in the midst of this people. His longest absence from this church occurred in 1863, when for six months he was chaplain of the Third Regiment of Missouri Cavalry, whose colonel was our fellow-townsman, Dr. T. G. Black. The second minister of this church was the Rev. William W. Whip ple, who is now engaged in the duties of the Gospel ministry in the city of Janesville. His ministry in the church of Clayton hegan April 1, 1866, and closed April 1, 1875. Mr. Whipple was and is an able minister of the New Testament, one 520 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. who rightly divides the word of truth, a wise master-builder on the foun dation which is laid, which is Christ the Righteous. While in the midst of this people he exalted the Cross of Christ in his preaching, and in his life was an example to the flock of God which he fed. The third minister of this church is its present pastor, Rev. Edwin J. Rice. He began his labors in this church while a licentiate of Schuyler Presbytery, May 1, 1875. He was ordained on April 5th, and installed on April'26, 1876. Having now spoken of the ministers, it is necessary to speak of the elders connected with the session of Clayton church. There have belonged to this session thirteen elders. At the organization of the church three elders were elected, viz.: Mr. John McCoy, Mr. Oliver Howes, and Mr. Joseph M. Phillips. Elder Phillips was dismissed to the church of Mt. Sterling in 1837, and is now dead. Elder Howes died in Clayton, Illinois, in his 77th year, February 24, 1876. He was a native of Massachusetts; settled in Illinois in the spring of 1831, and was an honored and efficient ruling elder in this congregation for the space of forty years. Of the thirteen ruling elders who have belonged to the session of this church, eight have died and one is an elder in a neighboring church. Four are yet engaged in the performance of their arduous duties in our midst, viz.: Mr. John McCoy, Mr. A. S. McDowell, Mr. Charles Ballow, and Mr. William Kendrick. Of the little band of fifteen, the first members of this church, nine have gone across the Jordan, and six now linger on its margin. Of the brethren, J. M. Phillips, John McBratney, Solomon Montgomery, Charles K. McCoy, and Oliver Howes; and of the sisters, Nancy. Phillips, Mary McCoy, Isabella Bush, and Sarah McCoy, have died. Sister Caroline Phillips, now Mrs. Malone, is a member of the Mt. Sterling church. Eider John McCoy, and sisters Nancy Howes, O. P. McCoy, Emeline McCoy, and Nancy McBratney, yet live in our midst. The roll of the membership of this church shows 460 names. Ot these 460 members, eighty have died within our bounds; forty-two have been suspended for transgressing the rules of the church and the com mands of the Scriptures; forty-five have removed from our bounds with out a certificate of church membership, and 167 have been regularly dismissed by letter to other churches. The present membership of the church is 126. Of the members of this church, six have entered the Gospel ministry. Their names are as follows: Abraham Vanstavoren, Samuel B. King, Daniel C. McCoy, William Paxton, John Leander King, and William Hen drickson. Of these six brethren, two have died, viz. : Mr. A. Vanstavoren and Mr. J. L. King. Mr. Vanstavoren was a graduate of Illinois College and of Lane Seminary. He entered the ministry at Montrose, Iowa, in 1855, the year of his graduation at the seminary. He died, after a term of five years of service in the ministry, at Kossuth, Iowa, in April, 1860. Mr. J. L. King was a graduate of Knox College and of Lane Seminary, where he completed his theological course of study in 1862. He preached first at Detroit, Michigan, whence he removed to Denver, Colorado, where he died in 1866. For four years after its organization the church had no house of wor ship, their religious services being held in the District School building and wherever else the congregation could be assembled. Many of their HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. . 521 most interesting meetings were conducted beneath the great forest-trees on the camp-ground — the groves were their first temple. In 1839 three lots in Clayton, Nos. 63, 64 and 65 Washington street, were donated to the church by Elder McCoy. These lots were worth about $250. Here, on the corner of Washington and Jefferson streets, was erected in 1840 a brick church, at a cost of $3,000. In a few years after ward a tower and a bell were added. In 1865, the brick walls were removed and frame took their place. This frame building is still a com fortable and commodious house of worship, dedicated and set apart to the service of the living and true God. Besides the church building and the lots on which it is situated, the congregation possess a parsonage. No. 158 Jefferson street. This property was purchased of Mr. Thomas Lackey in 1870, at a cost of $1,700. In accordance with the act of the Legislature of the State of Illinois, concerning corporations, approved April 18, 1872, this church, on the 4th day of January, 1873, became incorporated • as the " First Presbyterian Church, of Clayton, Illinois," and on that day the following persons were chosen by the congregation as trustees for the term of three years, viz.: Albert F. Swope, James C. Miller, Jacob Hazlett, Samuel N. Black, Abel Lacky, Wm. M. Logue, and John H. Ratcliff. On March 12, 1876, the term of three years, for which these trustees were elected, having expired, a new board of trustees was elected for a like term by the congregation. This present board of trustees is composed of the following named persons, viz.: A. F. Swope, Jacob Hazlett, John H. Ratcliff, Samuel N. Black, James Hazlett, John W. Smith, and Abel Lacky. As we trace the history of the past forty years, and recall the scenes of the sanctuary, the language of Jacob comes to our lips: "Surely the Lord is in this place. This is none other but the house of God, and this is the gate of Heaven." The Clayton Christian Church was organized in 1855, Dr. T. G. Black and others being the original members. The first elders were Dr. Black and George Lacklen. The edifice in which the society worship was erected in 1855, at a cost of $3,500. The present elders are Dr. T. G. Black and W. B. Smith, while J. K. Smith, H. H. Curry, Wm..Staker, and H. H. Dodd are official deacons. The membership figures up at about one hundred and fifty, while seventy-five children attend the Sabbath- school. The present pastor is W. T. West. The M. E. Church was organized about 1836. It was a part ot Pulaski charge, and was afterward attached to the Columbus charge, and later to the Mt. Sterling circuit. The church services were held in school and private houses until 1850, when the first church edifice was erected on the site where the present edifice stands. The Board -of Trustees at that time were Joseph Douglass, George McMnrry, John C. Newton, James D. Hurd and Robert R. Garner, now all dead. That church was used twenty- five years, when it became inadequate and was removed, and the present fine brick structure erected in 1875, at a cost of $7,000. The church has been reasonably prosperous. The Sunday-school is also quite large. P. L. Turner is the present pastor; Abel Gray, Jas. Kirkpatrick, Q. Bnrgesser, Peter Omer, and W. R. Molter are the trustees, and Jas. Kirkpatrick, J. H. McMnrry, Q. Burgesser, Wm. Miller, Wm. Montgomery, Peter Omer, W. H. Hollis, and John Mills are the stewards. The present membership is one hundred and forty-five and seventy-five attend the Sunday-school. 522 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. LODGES. Like all other advanced sections we find here the Masonic order ina healthy condition, doing a good work in the organization of the Masonic Relief Association, that now has a membership of 1,208 during the short period of five years. We copy from its constitution, article two, object: " The business and object of this association shall be to secure financial aid and benefit to the widows, orphans, or the legal representatives of the deceased members." The best life-insurance a man can invest in. Following are the officers for 1878: President— H. G. Ferris, Carthage. General Agents.— B. W. McCoy, Clayton ; S. Vice-President. — C. H. Gilbirds, Clayton. L. Roe, Clayton. Secretary.— A. S. McDowell, Clayton. Medical Examiner.— G. W. Cox, M. D., Clay- Treasurer. — Jacob Hazlett, Clayton. ton. DIEECTOES. Richard Seaton, Camp Point. Wm. Hanna, Keokuk Junction. Alex. McLean, Macomb. H. G. Ferris, Carthage. Wm. L. Distin, Quincy. E. E. Manson, Quincy. R. W-, A. A. Glenn, Mt. Sterling. C. M. Morse, Jacksonville. C. H. Gilbirds, Clayton. Officers of Clayton Lodge, No. 147, A. F. & A. M., for 1879: Jas. B. Coe, W. M., E. Hartman, Sec'y., Jacob Hazlett, S. W., Jas. A. Smith, S. D., J. W. Marrett, J. W., F. M. Anderson. J. D., A. S. McDowell, Treas., Jno. W. Smith, Tyler. Officers of Clayton Chapter, No. 104, R. A. M., for 1879: Benj. W. McCoy, H. P., A. S. McDowell, Treas., J. B. Coe, R. A. Capt. T. G. Black, E. S , H. P. Coe, E. K., E. Hartman, Sec'y., J. E. Cohenonr, P. S., Jacob Hazlett, C. H., John W. Smith, Tyler. Officers of Delta Commandery, No. 48, K. T., for 1879: Ben. W. McCoy, E. C, Jas. B. Coe, S. W., N. W. Wright, St. Br., A. S. McDowell, Gen., J. W. Marrett, J. W., S. L. Roe, Sword Br. Jacob Hazlett, Capt. G., A. R. Downing, Ree, Jas. A. Smith, Warden, T. G. Black, Prelate, Jas. Hazlett, Treas., B. W. Bryant, Capt. G'ds. Number of members, fifty-seven. The I. O. O. F., organized as early as 1852, with Dr. T. G. Black, N. G. It now has a list of about sixty-four members in good standing. The following officers were elected for 1879: H. C. Jefferson, N. G., J. W. Anderson, R. S., A. S. McDowell, Treas. W. Jefferson, V. G, G. W. Montgomery, Persa, CONCORD TOWNSHIP. Concord township was organized at the spring election in 1850. Ed ward Sharp was elected supervisor; Wm. Hobbs, clerk; David Hobbs, assessor, and Shannon Wallace, collector. The first settlements were made in 1832. John E. Wells settled on section 25, JohnAusmus, on section 17, and O. H. Bennett, on section 9; soon after, the Wallaces and Hobbs's and Elijah Ellison. The first school-house was built on section 4, in 1835; the first teacher was Wm . Hobbs; the first ministers of the Gospel that preached in Concord township, were Granville Bond, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, J. B. Curl, of the Christian Church, and Harvey, of the regular HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 523 Baptist church ; William Hobbs, David Hobbs and John Ausmus, who were residents of the township, preached occasionally. The first marriage was Edgar Wells and Elizabeth Collins. The first birth was a child of Wm. and Mary Briscoe. It died soon after, and was the first death in the town. The first church was built in 1860, on section 30, by the Lutherans. The next and only other church building, was erected on section 23, by the peo ple, for a Union church, but owned by the German Baptists or Dunkard s. The German Lutheran Church was organized in 1862 by the following members who established the church, and the following were made trustees: Henry Lessman, Christ Volbracht and Frank Kestner. First minister of the church was B . Burfeind, who was the regular minister for six years, followed by W. Dahlk, who remained two years and was succeeded by C. Meyer, who was with the church only one year, when J. W. Steffen came, who now is the regular minister for the congregation, which numbers twenty-five. The entire cost of the church, parsonage and four acres of land used as a cemetery was about $2,000 . The Lutheran denomination have services in the church every Sunday, and Sunday-school in the afternoon. The church is in a neat and pleasant place, and among a good class of industrious and religious people. The minister of this church teaches school during the week, devoting one-half of the time to instruction in German, the balance in English. There is an average attendance in the school of ' twenty-three scholars. In the north and northwest portions of the township the soil is excel lent. In the southern part there is more timber and broken land. COLUMBUS TOWNSHIP. Columbus township is situated about eighteen miles from Quincy in a northeasterly direction. The first settlement made in Columbus township was in 1830, when James Thomas left Kentucky and settled on section 30. He was followed by Jacob Connor, Clements Wilks, George Johnson, Mat thew Ray, Philip Ray, George Smith, William Roseberry, W. L. Wilmot, and Jas. Wisehart. The town of Columbus was laid out by County Sur veyor Williams, under the direction of Willard Graves, in March, 1835. The first sale of lots took place in March, 1836, and nearly one hundred houses were erected that year. Francis Turner and John Robison also settled about 1835. Col. George Smith, who figured prominently in the township, settled on section 4, Oct. 20, 1836. Daniel Harrison and Abraham Jonas, the latter a prominent citizen, and whose son, B. F. Jonas, is now United States Senator from, Louisiana, settled in Columbus village in 1836 and 1837. T. H. Castle, Frederick Collins, Clement Nance and many others soon followed. The original plan was to make Columbus the county seat of the county, and it was located at the nearest practicable point to the geographical center. The exact center was in Gilmer, about a mile west of the site of the town ; but that tract was military land, and owned by parties in the East whose whereabouts were not known, and consequently it was not accessible. The village grew rapidly and prospered for several years. About 1840 the county seat contest between Columbus and Quincy began to be agitated, and grew hotter until 1841, during which time a newspaper called the Columbus Advocate, was established in the village by a man named E. Ferry, in the interest of Columbus. Mr. Abraham Jonas, above mentioned, being a writer of considerable ability, penned several articles 524 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. upon the then all-absorbing question, in favor of the Columbus interests, and sent them to the Quincy papers for publication, but they were refused ; hence ths birth of the Advocate, to which he became the chief contributor. The county was thoroughly canvassed by speakers of note on both sides, and an election was held to decide the contest in August, 1841. Columbus received a majority of nearly a hundred votes. The county commissioners met to arrange for removing the books and papers from Quincy to Columbus, and the majority opposed it, Wm. Richards and Eli Seehorn objecting, and Col. George Smith favoring the removal. A writ of mandamus was issued to compel them to act. A hear ing was had with a verdict from the Circuit Court in favor of the removal. The Quincy people took an appeal to the Supreme Court, and pending the decision the Legislature met and passed an act dividing the county, the western portion remaining Adams, the eastern half, including Columbus, was named Marquette. The people refused to organize the new county, and at the following session of the Legislature, a little more territory was added to the new county and the name changed to Highland. The people still refused to organize, and the new county remained without officers, ex cept judicial officers, the new county being attached to Adams county for all judicial purposes. The old magistrates held over and their acts were legalized by the Legislature after the difficulty was settled. The new county remained in that condition until the adoption of the State constitu tion in 1848, which provided for the reattachment of it to Adams county. Religious exercises were held by the Presbyterian, Methodist and Christian societies at the private residences and school-houses in the town ship until 1836, when the Christian society erected a house of worship in the village. The Presbyterian society built a church in 1838 which still stands. The Methodist society erected their first church several years later. These are the only denominations ever represented by societies' until very recently. The Presbyterian society has since been discontinued. The first school-house in the township was built on sectioA 30 in 1834 or 1835; and in 1836 one was built in the village, and others followed as the needs of the settlers required. A Mr. Bartholomew and his sons Gilead and Samuel', erected the first steam mill on section 3 in 1835. It was a grist and saw mill. Later it fell into the hands of the -Mormons, who contemplated strongly making a settlement and starting a town there, but when they were driven from Nauvoo they abandoned the idea, and some years later the mill was removed. The second steam mill was erected in the village about 1865, by Lock & Hendricks, and is still doing some business. Wil lard Graves erected a saw-mill on McKee's creek, on section 16, about 1838, which run several years and was finally abandoned. Daniel Harrison was the first to commence merchandising; he afterward associated with him Abraham Jonas. John F. Battell, L. Davis F. Col lins, A. Touzalin, Sen., and Clement Nance were all engaged in merchan dising. W. D. McCann established a cabinet shop and continued many years. Lytle Griffin was the first in the saddlery and harness business. Thomas Greenleaf and Sons manufactured wagons and buggies quite ex tensively. M. T. Greenleaf introduced the first machine lathe. Thomas Durant run a wool carding machine with animal power; afterwardthe bus iness was enlarged and a steam engine added by H. H. Butler. Henry Pratt and others erected a mill and successfully for a time made linseed oil. The township organization law went into effect in 1850, and the first HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 525 election of officers occurred in April of that year. Alexander M. Smith was elected supervisor; A. Touzalin, Jr., town clerk; John P. Nichols, as sessor; Wm. Roseberry, collector; Andrew Redmond and Jas. A. Bell, jus tices. During the war of the rebellion Columbus township put her shoul der to the wheel and demonstrated her loyalty by word and deed, coming up with her quota of men at every call of the government. Columbus has had several fires. In 1847 Capt. A. Touzalin, Sr.'s store burned; soon after Nance & Castle's store, warehouse, etc., and Touzalin and Hutton's store were destroyed the same night, with all their contents; supposed to be the work of incendiaries. In 1863 A. Touzalin's store was burned, with all its contents; also in 1866, on the night of the 22d of June, the post-office with D. Whitlock's and A. Elliott's store were robbed and burned by an incendiary, who was convicted and sentenced to the peniten tiary. The Masons have a well organized and worked lodge; also the Odd Fellows and Good Templars. The following panther story is narrated by Orestes Ames : Sam uel Furgeson lived near Columbus, and had two sons, who, in 1830, went into the woods to hunt for the cows. During their rambles they came to the trunk of a fallen tree, which lay a little up from the ground. They climbed on to the log, when a sight met their gaze which would have curdled the blood of less courageous boys. By the side of the log at their feet lay a mother panther with two cubs. They espied each other simultaneously. A little dog accompanying the boys began to bay at the panther, which at once put herself in an attitude for defense. One of the boys started for a cudgel to give battle. The panther made no effort to escape, but stood her ground to protect her family. While warding off the attacks of the dog, her tail slipped through the crevice under the log; and quick as thought one of the boys seized it with a firm grasp, and bracing himself against the log held on till his brother beat her to death with his club. They carried the young ones home, and months after sold one of them to a menagerie, the other escaped while on the way to Quincy, and was afterward killed. CHURCHES. The First Baptist Church of Columbus township was organized March 13, 1879, at the Independent school-house, on section 3, by Rev. Silas Odell and Rev. Mr. Wood, with fourteen constituent members, Elijah Marsh and wife and daughter Nellie, Mrs. Margaret R. Demoss, Perry C. Edward,. America, Frances and Anna Demoss, Flora and Ella Demoss, John Demoss and wife. Rev. Silas Odell is the elder. The M. E. Church. — In speaking of the Methodist Church and circuit of Columbus, a writer says : The circuit, when first organized, embraced the counties of Pike, Adams, Hancock, Schuyler and Brown. The follow ing preachers have traveled the circuit: Carter, Hadly, Griggs, Hitchcock, Clampit, Oliver, William and Edward Rutlage, Piper, Cromwell, McMurry, Taylor, Kimber, Butler, Houts, ,Shim, Young, Lyon, Powell, Shunk, Owens, Hutcheson, Gooding, Kabrick, Sinnock, Gregg, and Bryant. German Methodist. — The brick church now owned and used by the German Methodists was built in 1842. The membership of the society at Columbus is eighty-two. A. A. McNeal is steward and class-leader; A. B. McNeal and Sylvester Truit are class-leaders, J. Cain exhorter, and D. 526 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Whitlock, Sunday-school superintendent. The class that has since resulted in the organization of the Mt. Pleasant and Pleasant Grove societies, arid the building of churches at these points, was organized in 1832, at the house of John Yeargain, Sr., in township 1 south, range 7 west, section 31. The Mt. Pleasant society now has ninety members, the Pleasant Grove eighteen. At Mt. Pleasant E. A. Yeargain is steward, and M. M. Year- gain and J. Q. Lawless are class-leaders; at Pleasant Grove, H. Vickers is steward, and J. T. Sparks, class-leader. The Paloma Society has eighty members, and has A. G. Lan- ing — a local preacher on the circuit for a quarter of a century — as its pastor. The circuit is composed at the present (1879) of Columbus, Paloma, Mt. Pleasant and Pleasant Grove societies. It owns a very fine parsonage property, that cost the circuit $2,500, situated at Paloma. It was built under the administration of Rev. James Sinnock. The churches at Mt. Pleasant and Pleasant Grove were built in 1866, the centenary year of American Methodism, under administration of Rev. C. Rowell. ELLINGTON TOWNSHIP. Ellington is composed of a regular Congressional town, and a fraction, averaging about three miles in width, extending to the river. It is, therefore, nine miles by six, and contains an area of fifty-four square miles, being the largest township in Adams county. It lies north and east of Quincy, and originally included that portion of the city north of Broadway. Ellington is bounded on the north by Ursa and Mendon, east by Gilmer, south by M.elrose and the city limits, and west by the Mississippi river. The north line of the township is the base line of 40 degrees parallel of latitude, the same extending through Philadelphia. The surface is undulating, and in some parts quite broken, was originally half timber and half prairie. The rare fertility of its soil, which is composed nearly equally of mineral and vegetable properties, the superior drainage, so well adapting it to a great variety of crops, and diversity of seasons, and the superior class of im provements which dot its beautiful farms, have won for it the cognomen of " Banner " township. Several creeks with their numerous branches checker its surface. Cedar, the largest of them, originates in a large spring a mile or two northeast of Quincy, and flows south of west to the river. Leonard's or Homan's creek has its source near the center of the township, in one of the largest and finest springs in the county, once owned by Capt. Leonard, from whom it and the creek take their names. Mill creek, along whose borders is the most broken and sterile portion of the township, flows across the northeast corner. The bottom lands, of which there are a number of square miles, are chiefly in a wild, uncultivated state, but will eventually be reclaimed and made valuable. The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, also used by the Wabash Company, enters Ellington a mile south of the northwest corner, and extends diagonally to Quincy in the southwest corner, and the Quincy & Burlington jRailroad leads up along the bluff, almost directly north. The society of the township is cosmopolitan, made up of inhabitants of varied birth-place and nationality, although a majority of the pioneer settlers were natives of Kentucky. The first settlement was made in 1828, by Samuel Seward, on section 23, who was soon followed by Henry Jacobs ELLINGTON TOWNSHIP ¦idS> 4< ->r^fcr (e/TKjU ELLINGTON ELLINGTON TOWNSHIP HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 527 and John S. Wood, who settled on section 17, and John M. Sterne and James Frasier, on section 5, in 1829. Isaac Sawin and Henry Putman located on section. 8, where they erected a cabin; William Powell was also among the early settlers, as was Ebenezer Turner, and occupied it jointly for a time. Henry Frasier, sou of James Frasier, was the first child born in the township, on section 5, in 1829. The first death was that of Mr. Cook, who died from over exertion, in hunting in the "deep snow," the winter of 1830-31. Grandfather J. M. Sterne, now 87 years of age, and the oldest man in the township, in speaking of that memorable snow-storm says : It began to fall on the night of Dec. 27, 1830, and was two and a-half feet deep outside and six inches deep inside of his cabin the next morning. By severe effort he made a path to his spring, from which he carried water and saturated the snow on the roof, making'' a covering snow-proof and wind- proof for the rest of the winter. The snow continued to fall at intervals until Jan. 1, 1831, when it was four and a-half feet deep. The high winds drifted it, making "the rough ways smooth," and converting the prairie into one vast level sea of crystals. ' The first school-house in Ellington was erected on Mr. Sterne's farm" on section 5, in 1836. Alexander taught the first school in it that winter. There had been schools in vacant cabins, and several terms in Wesley Chapel, prior to that date. Wesley Chapel was the first house of worship, erected in 1831, on section 5, by the Methodists. Isaac Sawin was the contractor, and J. M. Sterne helped to hew the timbers. A very neat frame edifice now stands on the same lot, the property of the same society. John Kirkpatrick, a local minister of the M. E. church, preached the first dis course. Rev. Peter Cartright, remembered as the "Pioneer Itinerant," preached for them occasionally. Those old pioneers better understood transforming the wilderness into the productive farm and comfortable home than the technicality of law, as evidenced by the following true incident: Henry Jacobs and John S. Wood purchased a quarter-section of land on section 17, jointly. Sometime after, wishing to divide it, instead of going to the trouble to quit-claim, they simply cut the patent in two in the middle, supposing that to be legal beyond question. In the spring of 1850, the first election was held under the township organization law, at the house of Mrs. Jacobs, near the center of the town ship, and John P. Robbins was elected supervisor ; William Powell, assessor; Erastus W. Chapman, town clerk. The first justices of the peace were Augustus E. Bowles and Wm. H. Cather. BLOOMFIELD VILLAGE. The village of Bloomfield, the only town of which Ellington can boast save Quincy, is situated ten miles northeast of the city, on the northeast quarter of section 3. It was laid out about 1837, by Ansel Clarkson. For some years it seemed a child of promise. Mr. Clarkson and Jesse Kirk patrick erected buildings and put in stocks of general merchandise ; another man also started a store; a post-office was located there; a wagon manufac tory, employing a number of men, was established by Charles Thompson, Jesse Kirkpatrick and a Mr. Herndon, but a wagon manufactory conducted by farmers not proving a profitable enterprise it was abandoned after a few 34 528 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. years, and now its only visible monument is a small blacksmith shop. A. Y. Davis figured prominently among the Bloomfielders as a merchant and grain dealer for several years, about 1856. The religious proclivities of the village are chiefly Catholic, and the only house of worship in the place was erected by that denomination about 1862. From 1861 the village rapidly declined. It has now some twenty dwellings, chiefly farmers', and the only place of trade is kept up by a bachelor named J. G. Kappus, who has seen the star of its hope rise and set. Ellington is densely populated by a moral, intelligent and thrifty people, contains three substantial church edifices, a Methodist, a Presby terian and a Methodist Protestant, has the usual number of prosperous schools, and no more beautiful farms and cheery homes can be found in any part of the State. FALL CREEK TOWNSHIP. This township derives its name from the creek of the same name, rim ing through it from east to west, the creek having been so named from a cas cade, or waterfall of considerable size, in the stream. It is situated in the southwest corner of Adams county; is bounded on the north by Melrose, east by Payson, south by Pike county, and west by the Mississippi river. Fall Creek is a fractional town, being cut in an irregular form by the river; is seven miles wide on the north line, and less than five on the south line. Its surface is considerably diversified, the bluff lands, comprising two- thirds of its area are quite rolling, traversed by several creeks and brooks which furnish abundant water supply and ample drainage. The largest of these is Mill creek, which was once the seat of the pioneer mill from which it derived its name, flowing diagonally across the northwest corner, on whose banks the village of Millville is located. Ashlon creek heads about the north boundary of the township a mile and a-half west of the east line, and flows southwesterly emptying near the center of the west line. Fall creek enters the township a mile south of the northeast corner, its course is meandering, and its mouth a little north of the southwest corner. A luxuriant growth of timber covered three-fourths of the township, and the prairie grass the remainder. The soil is a dark sandy loam, with a substra tum of lighter color strongly impregnated with sand and gravel, and a sub soil of limestone. This composition admirably adapts it to the production of the cereals and fruits. Wheat, of which very large crops are grown, amounting in the aggregate to over 100,000 bushels in a single season, may be considered the staple crop, though corn is extensively planted, and yields a rich harvest to the husbandmen. Much attention is given to fruit grow ing; indeed Fall Creek can boast of some of the largest and finest apple and peach orchards in the United States. One formerly the property of Clark Chatten (deceased) contains over 125 acres of the choicest varieties. Limestone abounds everywhere along the bluffs, and many fine quarries are being profitably worked. At Millville six large patent kilns are in active operation, employing sixty-five men, and turning out large quantities of the finest lime, which finds a ready market in various parts of Illinois and other States. The bottom lands, comprising the other third of the township, are inex haustible in their productive resources ; and only need some additional drain age and protection from the river to become some of the most magnificent' and valuable farming lands in the world. Even now, with the threatening HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 529 floods and malaria, many laughing fields of waving grain greet the eye of the traveler at this time of the year — June — as he glides along the base of the bluff behind the iron horse or sails down the '¦ Father of Waters " upon the back of an "Eagle." The Quincy, Alton & St. Louis railroad cuts this town diagonally from northwest to southeast along the edge of the bottom, furnishing an outlet for the shipment of its abundant productions. There are three stations within its limits, Millville, the first south of Quincy, Bluff Falls and Fall Creek. The latter, at the junction of the Hannibal branch, is quite a ship ping point for live stock and farm produce. It is the seat .of Fall Creek post-office. Millville, the only village in the township is about seven and a-half miles southeast of Quincy, and contains less than a hundred inhabitants. It was laid out in 1835 by Michael Mast, John Coffman and Stephen Thomas, in the center of section 6, taking a' corner from land of each. For 'a time it gave promise" of growth. Michael Mast erected a'large store and filled it with a stock of general merchandise, and for a time commanded con siderable trade. In later years the business fell into the hands of Amos Beebe, and finally shrunk into the modest dimensions of a very small grocery, which is now the only mercantile establishment in the place. Early in its history the saw and grist mill on Mill creek did considerable business, and a large steam ferry plied between a point opposite Millville and Marion City — now extinct — on the Missouri side, furnishing a great thoroughfare for emigrant travel as late as 1850. The chief feature of importance at the place now is the half dozen large lime kilns and stone quarries, employ ing over sixty men. Marblehead is the post-office. Justice I. Perigo was the first white man who sought a home in Fall Creek. He settled south of the present site of Millville in 1821^ but being a regular frontiersman he made little show at improvements. In June, 1823, John C. Thomas came to the township and moved on to the same farm where Perigo settled; Col. Headley and Mr. Slayton, the father of Fernando Slayton, for many years a prominent citizen of Fall Creek, came the same year. Headly and Thomas settled on the bottom. Zephaniah Ames and Ebenezer Harkness came in April, 1824, the former settling on section 13, the latter on 17. Amos Beebe, Amos Bancroft, Mr. Crandall, Daniel Moore, Holman Bowles, Mr. Journey and Thomas Carr were among the early pioneers, as was also William Thompson who came some later. Among the men who have been most prominent we may name Clark Chatten, Eli Seehorn, Ed. Seymore and Robt. Rankin. The first marriage was that of Amos Bancroft and Ardelia Ames, in the winter of 1824-25. The first child born was Priscilla Crandall, after wards the wife of Josiah Thomas, in 1825. The first death was old Mr. Slayton, of consumption, in 1825. The first school-house was erected on section 16, in 1825, and Levi Wells taught the first school in it the following winter. The first sermon was preached by an itinerent Methodist preacher named Medford in 1826. The first house of worship was erected by the Baptists in Josiah Thomas' woods in 1S32. The first permanent church edifice was built by the Meth odist Protestant society, on section 23, near the falls of Fall creek, in 1844. A lady member worked the date in the curtains. The first Sunday-school was organized at the residence of Zephaniah Ames, in 1832, by Deacon Chatten and Elder Sweet. Amos Bancroft, Daniel Moore and Rial 530 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Crandall built the first saw mill on Mill creek, late in 1824. In 1831 a grist mill was erected which supplied the surrounding country with bread- stuffs. Fall Creek township contains a population of nearly three thousand inhabitants; has six school-houses, four of stone, one brick and one frame; two church edifices, a Christian and a German Lutheran. It ranks among the first in the county in fertility of the soil and the character of its farm improvements. PANTHEE STOEIES. The following true anecdotes, related by Orestes Ames, show that the pioneers in this section of Illinois were confronted by other and even graver obstacles than those incident upon subduing the wilderness. During the summer of 1827, an unusual disturbance was heard about the pig pen of " Old John Thomas," in Fall Creek township. He owned two powerful and ferocious dogs; and his boys and the dogs immediately started on a tour of investigation. The dogs soon got scent of the pork- seeker, and all hands gave chase. After pursuing the animal — which was supposed to be a wolf — some distance, the dogs overtook and caught it in a hazel thicket. A desperate combat at once ensued. The panther, for such he proved to be, threw himself on to his back as the best position for defense. The dogs attacked him from each side; partially protected by the thick brush, they fought, until finally enraged to desperation one of them sprang upon the panther and seized him by the throat; the other dog caught him by the hind leg, thus preventing the powerful beast from using his claws; they held on until he was strangled to death. He measured seven and a halt feet from tip to tip. ' The next summer — 1828 — Stephen Robinson, an old frontier hunter, was coming up the bottom between Quincy and Millville, accompanied by his two dogs, in search of a stray horse, when the dogs treed a full grown panther up a tall hickory. Mr. R. was in a quandary what to do; he had no gun, and he could not afford to lose his game. Pie finally decided to climb for it, so throwing aside the bridle and his coat, started up the tree. The panther, not feeling in a fighting mood, retreated before him nearly to the top and walked out upon a large branch, and, turning about, stood face to face with his plucky pursuer, who attempted to shake him off. The animal now started toward him on the limb. Having no better weapon of defense, Mr. Robinson took off his old slouch hat, and as the panther approached struck it in the eyes with all his might. The blow caused it to lose its balance, it fell to the ground and was dispatched by the dogs. CHUECHES. Christian Church. — Among the early settlers of Fall Creek township were Holman Bowies, Alexander Fruit and John Hickerson, who with their families were members of the Christian Church. They began to assemble together for worship in their cabins as early as 1831. Rev. Jesse Bowles preached for them occasionally, and the believers in the faith increased in number until in 1840, when they organized regularly, Revs. John B. Curl and John Rigdon officiating. Holman Bowles, Jesse Fruit and Albert Morris were elected elders, and John Featheringill and James Lewis chosen deacons. The society held services in school-houses until 1851, when it had attained sufficient strength in numbers and purse to HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 531 erect a house of worship which they built that year. It is a substantial brick structure 40x50 feet in size located upon section 2. The church con tinued to grow until in 1865 it contained over 200 members. It is the parent of the Payson Christian Church, and is the second oldest society of that denomination in Adams county. It now numbers a hundred members, and has a Sunday-school of fifty scholars. The society contributes $500 per annum for religious purposes. Rev. Thos. S. Newnon is the officiating pastor; George Ramsey, L. G. Carr and Samuel T. Carr are the elders; and George I. McNutt and Henry Bowles, deacons. German Lutheran Church. — A considerable number of Germans hav ing settled in Fall Creek township, they organized a Lutheran society, and erected a stone edifice in 1860, upon section 9. Their church numbers more than 100 members. They have regular preaching by a gentleman from Quincy. These are the only two houses of worship in the township. There are quite a large number of Methodist people in Fall Creek who attend at Fall Creek chapel, just in the edge of Payson township. GILMER TOWNSHIP. The first settlers were George Wigle, who settled in 1829 on section 34 — he built a log cabin and made other improvements — Benjamin Walby, an Englishman by birth, Jacob Smith, John Thomas, Mr. Franks and Mr. Riddle. In November, 1831, John Yeargain and family came, and soon after Daniel Harrison and others. These men were good citizens, their occupation that of farming, they were poor and enjoyed but few of the lux uries of life, but they were cheerful, contented and hospitable. The first sermon was preached at John Yeargain's, by David Hobbs, in the year 1832. In the 8ame year John Hunter, a preacher of the M. E. Church, preached at the same place. Soon after a class was organized con sisting of the following persons: John Yeargain and wife, Jacob Sharp and wife, Weaver Potter and wife, George Kuntz and wife, Nancy G. Tate and W. T. Yeargain. Soon after this others were added. David Carter, who was the first chvuit-rider, commenced his labors in the year 1832. The class continued to meet at John Yeargain's until thought best to move it elsewhere. Meetings were then held successively at Jacob Sharp's, Mr. Notson's, then at John Yeargain's, thence to a log school-house on what is now known as the old telegraph road. From there it moved to Mr. Brun- ton's, then after a short time to a school-house known as Mount Pleasant, and built in 1836, where meetings were held until 1865, when they built a church on section 27. During the year 1832 David Hobbs and John Curl preached at various times at the residence of John Yeargain, whose house was open with a welcome to preachers of all denominations. Also at other times John Kirkpatrick, Samuel Griggs and John Ham of the Methodist Episcopal Church, John Wolf, a Dunkard, preached frequently at Daniel Harrison's, and Wm. Roberts, a Baptist, preached at various places. There are at present three Methodist Episcopal churches, one German Methodist Episcopal church, two Christian churches, one Lutheran and one Catholic church in Gilmer. The first marriage was that of Mr. William Lamberth to Miss Nancy G. Tate, December, 1832. The ceremony was performed by Judge James Ralston. 532 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. The first birth was a child of Daniel Harrison, and the first death that of John Bayne, in November, 1834. The township was named in honor of Dr. Thornton Gilmer. The first election was held at what was known as Mr. Pitts' school- house, on section 15. April 2, 1850. The first judges of election were John Rice, — Hobbs and Wm. B. Finley clerk; first supervisor was J. F Bartell; first magistrate under township organization, was Paris T. Judy; first town clerk, Wm. Morrow; first assessor, Philip S. Judy; first overseer of poor, Jeremiah Ballard; first collector, David Chase; first commissioners of high ways, Robert Breedlove, Charles Gilmer, and Jacob Smith, who afterward served one term in State Senate; first treasurer, John Lawless; second treasurer, Geo. W. Thompson; first trustees of school, Geo. W. Thompson, Eli Williams, Benj. Walby, and D. L. Pedow; second trustees of school, . Thornton Gilmer, John Bartell, Abner Chase, and John Finch. The first school was taught by Miss Ellis, a missionary from the East, in 1833. At present there are in the township six schools. An incident in the history of Gilmer township which occurred as early as 1832, is remembered by the citizens of the county who have survived that period. It was in the month of April a snake hunt was participated in by the citizens generally, on the North and South mill creeks ; several hundred snakes were killed in a day. During the hunt a cave since known1 as the " Burton Cave," was discovered by Tilford Hogan and Perry Kling- ingsmith. The genuine accounts of the startling numbers to which these snakes existed at that period would lend a very material aid to the imagin ation of a Dante. The only survivors of Gilmer township, who lived there in 1831, are Wm. T. Yeargain and his brothers John P., M. M., and E. A. Yeargain. The first goods were sold in 1832, by Daniel Harrison, who kept a store on section 30. In the year 1835 he moved his house and goods to Colum bus, where he took as partner in the dry goods and pork-packing business Abraham Jonas, who was a member of the legislature. Columbus was laid off by Wm. Graves, in the year 18S5. The poor-house and farm are in Gilmer, the present overseer is Madi son Doran. There are three miles of the C, B. & Q. railroad in Gilmer township. The land of this township consists of about two-thirds prairie and one-third timber; it is productive. It is settled by an intelligent class of people. Its church and school privileges are excellent. The Evangelical Lutheran St. PauVs Church, of Fowler, was organized September 1, 1862, by Rev. A. Fismer, pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, near Burton, who had the charge until the summer of 1864. The congregation held their meetings in a "school-house near Cliola Station. At Christmas, 1864, the Congregational pastor, Rev. Carl E. Conrad, of Quincy, took the charge till Pentecost, 1872. Under his au spices the congregation built a church in Fowler, in the fall of 1868, dedi cated June 20, - 1869, and accepted a congregational constitution, and changed her name to "Evangelical Church." From November, 1S72, Rev. P. Kleinlein, of Keokuk Junction, took care of the congregation until Rev. Theodor Braeuer was called, who came January, 1873.' as the first settled pastor, under whose auspices a Lutheran constitution was again accepted, Feb. 5, 1873. From February, 1876, the present pastor, Heinrich Decker, has been in charge. The congregation consists of twenty-five families and has a parochial school, taught by the minister, of about twentv-five to HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 533 thirty children. The pastor has also the charge of the Evangelical Lutheran St. Petri Church, in Coatsburg (about twenty families), and of a little congregation near Columbus (eight families). HOUSTON TOWNSHIP. It will be seen by reading the following, that Houston is not a very e x tensive township, but still possessing a name, and many prominent men, who have long been residents. Most of the business of that locality is transacted in Quincy. The post-office of this township is located at lork Neck. Among the first settlers, however, were Horace Reynolds, David Strickler, Henry A. Cyrus, Samuel Woods and Mr. Willard. A town site was laid out on the southwest quarter of section 34, in 1839, by Henry A. Cyrus and Levi T. Benton, and named Houston, in honor of General Sam Houston, of Texas. The town was a complete failure except in giving the township a name when afterwards organized. The popula tion of the township at present is nearly 1,500. There is a railroad station on the east side, called Chatten, in honor of B. I. Chatten, of Quincy. The station comprises one store owned by Joseph W. Strickler, and the resi dence of James E. McDavitt, Esq., late supervisor. The location of Houston is 2 north of the base line, and range 6 west of the 4th principal meridian. It is twenty-five miles from Quincy in a northeast direction on the west side of the township. Some of the most prominent citizens of Houston are E. H. Bennett, Samuel Woods, Martin Sherrick, Wesley Strickler, J. E. McDavitt, R. H. Downing, Wm. M. McFarland, Wm. Willard, Horace Reynolds, Stephen Groves, Bradley Stewart. The land is nearly equally divided between timber and prairie. The soil is good and produces excellent crops. Fine farms and wealthy farmers are common, and taking the township as a whole it will compare favorably with any in the county. HONEY CREEK TOWNSHIP. This portion of the county, tradition informs us, received its name from a creek, which the early pioneers called "Honey Creek," on account of the very large number of "bee trees," found along its banks by them. The stream and township, thus aptly termed, has continued to bear the name. Among the first settlers were the Whites, Jabez Lovejoy, Gooding, Byler, Fletcher and others. The settlers were pleased on account of the large supply of timber adjacent to the prairie. The first settlement made in the township was made at Walnut point. For many years a New York and Boston land company held possession of many of the best sections in the county, and for that reason many emigrants were detained from settling in the township. The first Justice of the Peace was Jabez Lovejoy, Esq., who was also the first supervisor. John Byler held the position of Justice for many years. "Froggy Prairie," since 'Squire Byler's advent into the town ship, presents quite a different aspect. This township is well-watered, and the prairie and timber being crossed by many streams, it has great ad vantages for stock purposes. The C, B. & Q. railroad crosses the south western portion of the township, and has two stations — Paloma and the town of Coatsburg; the latter of which is quite a flourishing village, hav ing become historical and famous as the competitor of the city of Quincy in the last county seat contest, which is so fresh in the memory of the citi zens of this county. 534 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Coatsburg was surveyed and platted by R. P. Coats, in January, 1855, and derives its name from him. It is on the O, B. & Q. railroad, seventeen miles northeast of Quincy, and is surrounded by a fine farming country. It has three churches — Baptist, Methodist and Lutheran, three dry-goods and grocery stores, one drug and hardware store, one harness shop, two blacksmith shops, one shoe-shop, one tin shop, a public hall, a good flouring mill, owned and operated by P. S. Judy & Co., which is doing a fine busi ness; also a lumber yard. It has a graded school, of which Mr. R. P. Gray is principal, a young man of much ability. The school is well advanced, and does credit to its management. Coatsburg is an excellent shipping point, and its business is steadily and surely increasing. The St. Petri church, of Coatsburg, was organized July 15th, 1862, by the Rev. A. Fismer, who had charge until some time in 1865, when he was succeeded by the Lutheran Ministers, Revs. Kornbaum, Stockmeyer, and Kleinlein. Since 1873 the Lutheran minister of Fowler has had charge of the church. August 11, 1878, the church was reorganized, and after wards built a new church, which was dedicated on the 17th day of November, of the same year. KEENE TOWNSHIP. This township consists of fine prairies interspersed, with belts of tim- 'ber. The first settlement of this township dates back to about the year 1834, when the pioneer commenced the culture of its soil, and the use of its valuable timber, which have been a rich source of revenue to the com munity. -The township throughout is well wateivd, and this fact alone would make it valuable as a stock-raising section. South Fork, Thurman Creek, Middle Fork and Big Neck Creek are the principal streams of the township. Loraine is an outgrowth of the Carthage Branch of the Chicago, Bur lington and Quincy railroad. The town was laid out by Messrs. Woods and Leinberger in December, 1870, during the time the railroad was in progress. James H. Wade built a store-house and did a general merchandising bus iness in the winter of 1870; in 1871 James H. Wade was appointed post master. Christopher Seals, in the spring of 1871, built a store-house and dwelling, and did a general merchandise business, and also, kept a hotel known as the "Traveler's Rest. " S. P. Hatton, in the summer of 1871, built a blacksmith shop and dwelling. Dr. James S. Akins, in the sum mer of 1871, built a dwelling and office and practised medicine. Jam.es A. Wade, in the spring of 1872, built a dwelling and wagon shop. James H. Wade, in the spring of 1872, built a store-house, which was occupied by D. P. Lowary, who does a general merchandising business. George A. Yeuter, in the spring of 1872, built a dwelling and grain house, bought and shipped grain, and also bought and shipped live-stock. P. S. Cavilee, in the spring of 1873, built a drug-store. E. J. Selleck, in the summer of 1873, built a grist mill, which, before its completion, he sold to George Jackson and son. Rust and Barniber, in the spring of 1874, built a blacksmith shop. Drs. Coffield and Akins, in the spring of 1875, built a drug-store and office, and did a general druer business and also practised medicine, and in- August of the same year Dr. Akins was appointed post-master, and re mained in office until January, 1878, after which James Coffield was ap pointed to the position. George A. Yenter, in the winter of 1875, bought KEENE TOWNSHIP .)t&jdl.\ KEENE TOWNSHIP o/e&eAJ @fjCL&^t KEENE TOWNSHIP $ "^bzAJl^ TOWNSHIP yV HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 535 the building occupied by P. S. Cavilee for a drug-store, and laid in a stock of dry-goods, groceries, and a general stock of merchandise. John J. Banks is also engaged in merchandising and the railroad business. Drs. Coffield and Aikens are doing a fair business in drugs, and also have a good medical practice. G. A. Yenter is engaged in the stock and grain business. D. P. Lowery is doing an agricultural business, and is also a dealer in railroad ties, and an insurance agent. S. P. Hatton is carrying on the blacksmith business. Frank Rettig is carrying on wagon making and blacksmithing, and doing a good business. ' In fact, all seem to be prosperous. The town is well situated and is calculated to do and main tain a good business. Its tie and wood trade is a great source of revenue to the business of the town. Christopher Seals, in the spring of 1876,' en larged his store-room by building a two-story addition, the upper story of which was fitted up for an Odd Fellows' hall." D. P. Lowary also built a two-story' house; the first floor was fitted up for agricultural implements, and the second floor for church purposes. Henry Goodnow, in 1876, built a large two-story building; the first floor was fitted up for a store-room, and in the spring of 1877 it was occupied by G. A. Yenter, who did a gen eral merchandise, grain and live stock business, until in the fall of 1878 he sold out his entire stock of merchandise to Banks & Guyman. The upper floor of this building was fitted up for a town hall, and has been used prin cipally for a dance hall. Mr. Goodnow also built a large blacksmith shop and wagon shop in the summer of 1877, which was occupied by Ryan and Walters during 1877 and 1878; and now, in the spring of 1879 all busi nesses are represented. C. Seals is doing a good, thriving business merchan dising and dealing in railroad ties. Loraine LodgeNo. 641, I. O. O. F., was instituted under dispensation June 20, 1877, by District Deputy James A. Benneson, of Robert Brooker Lodge No. 406, of Quincy, in the hall fitted up for the purpose over the store of Christopher Seals — -David Andrews, John Pollock, Frank Seals, James M. Curless, Christopher Seals, James M. Seals and James Coffield be ing the charter members. The first officers elected were, Christopher Seals, N. G. ; James Coffield, V. G. ; James W. Curless, Secretary; James M. Seals, Treasurer. A number of members have been initiated since the or ganization, and at present the Lodge is in a flourishing condition. The M. E . Church was organized in Keene Township in 1860, under the name of "Union Society." They erected a frame church building on section 24. The officers were Granville Bond, pastor; Samuel Curless, class-leader, and Ezekiel Walters, steward. There was at the organization fifteen members. The church prospered during the war. Afterwards, a great many took letters and moved away, besides several deaths. There are thirty-eight members at present. The old church is now being repaired by the old Union Society, which consists of the M. E., Baptist and Presby terian. The present officers are Rev. Mr. Huffman, John Curless and William Taylor. LIMA TOWNSHIP. From most authentic sources of information, the first settlement of this township is fixed in the year 1833, and from a recent publication the following interesting sketch is obtained: " Lima is a beautiful little village of three hundred inhabitants, situ ated eighteen miles 'north, and one mile east of Quincy, one mile and a half south of the Hancock county line. 536 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. " It contains six stores, that may be denominated variety stores, as they contain all that is generally found in stores situated in small towns. There are three blacksmith and wagon making establishments, two cooper shops, two boot and shoe shops, two harness shops, three tailoring and dressmak ing establishments, one chair factory, two hotels. There is a Masonic Lodge, with about twenty-three members, also a Good Templars and Odd Fellows Lodge. The school-house is a fine, substantial, two-story brick building, that would do honor to any village, situated in a beautiful yard, with the citv hall, in about the center of the town. " In 1833, Dr.. Joseph Orr built the first store in Lima, and at that early day, every store that was situated at some distance from other stores, had to be dignified with the title of a town. In obtaining a name for this town, the doctor, who was of a poetical turn of mind, was assisted by a Peruvian, who was staying with him. The Peruvian declared that he had traveled through many countries, but in none had he found such beautiful women as there were in the capital of his native country, except here, and there fore he called it Lima. Thus the town obtained its name from the charms of the fair sex that inhabited the surrounding country. If at that day it laid claims to so much beauty, at the present it can not be surpassed. " Situated in the center of the township, the town has advantages un surpassed by any town in the county, excepting Quincy. One mile east of the town is White Oak Branch, which circles around, about that distance from the town, until it gets to the southwest, where it runs directly south west, and empties into Bear Creek. To the east of this branch the country is rough and broken, and is generally known as Pea Ridge. This coun try, as rough as it is, is a source of wealth that can not be neglected. The timber upon it is the best quality of white oak, suitable for manufacturing purposes. Where this timber is cut off, the lands produce wheat of the best quality, which meets with a ready sale at Shaw's Mill, which turns out the finest article of flour, and besides, has good sawing and carding machinery attached. Wheat is not the greatest source of wealth on the ' Ridge,' the sturdy Germans who settled there, in imitation of their life in the ' Vaterland,' on the romantic banks of the Rhine, have concluded to '• Let the vine luxuriant roll Its blushing tendrils round the bowl, Wuile many a rose-lipp'd bacchant maid Is culling clusters in thiir shade. " Already many of the hills in autumn are decked with purple parterres, that roll streams of wealth into the. capacious coffers of their industrious owners. Lying west of White Oak Branch, south of Petit Branch, and east of Lima Lake, is some of the richest land in the State, which turns out a vast store of corn, wheat, oats, apples, and other staple products. In the center of this plateau is the town. "Two miles west of the town is Lima Lake, a beautiful expanse of about seven miles in length by four in breadth. West of this lake, and also north and south of it, there lie large tracts of land, which are annu ally overflown, but still produce immense quantities of grass and weeds, suitable for grazing purposes. The lake itself, and its sloughs, afford some of the finest fishing and hunting grounds in the north-west. The largest draws are owned by Mr. James Ellis, a gentleman of untiring energy, who was born and raised there. In early settlements the people frequently met together to hunt the wild animals that infest the wilderness, for either HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 537 amusement, or to rid themselves of pests. During one of these hunts, in 1833, a snake den was discovered on Buel's Branch, with one hundred and and eighty serpanfcs of all kinds twisted together. "The first house built in this township was erected by Mr. Joseph Harness, whose descendants and himself still reside in the neighborhood. Mr. jlshmael Dazy, John C.Wood, James Wood, Sampson Archer, James Ellis, William Orr, Robert Conover, Jonah Conover, Lewis Selby, Milton Selby — who taught the first school in town — James Selby, Thomas Killum, and Dr. Orr, are the gentlemen who first settled this town and township; all but two. or threj ot them are still left, to see the wilderness blooming like the ro'e, while their children have grown up to take their places, pros perous and happy." LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. This township lies about twenty miles east, southeast, of Quincy. The first settlers of the township were A. H. D. Buttz and D. P. Meacham. Mr. Buttz, who is at present living in the village of Liberty, has, in the history of that village, served many years as its post-master. Mr- Buttz opened the first store ever kept in the village, or, in fact, the township, and the first honse built was erected by Daniel Lile. The first marriage celebrated in this township was the marriage of Jacob Wigle to Nancy Hunsaker, sol emnized by Elder George Wolf. The first sermon was preached by George Wolf, of the Dunkard denomination, in the year 1829, and the first church organization effected was in 1831, which was the establishment of a Dunkard church. The post-office was first established at Liberty in the year 1834, and John Norton was the first post-master. The village of Liberty was laid out by Paris T. Judy, and now contains about 400 population. The first steam mill was built by Xander & Horkney. The first doctor to locate in Liberty was J. H. Hart — since, they have been abundant. The business houses of Liberty at this time are now kept by B. F. Gro- ver and Samuel Naylor, general stores, T. X. Frey and L. W. Sparks, drug gists. CHUECHES. Presbyterian, which has no pastor at the present time; Lutheran, Rev. R. G. Linker pastor; Dunkard, W- R. Lierle pastor; Christian, E. M. Bray pastor, and the Catholic, which is a large and influential parish com posed of many of the leading citizens of the township. LODGES. A.F. and A. M.— Present officers: B. F. Grover, W. M.; Samuel Mc- Bride, S. W.; John Tread way, J. W.; A. J. Linn, Treasurer; Joseph Roote, Secretary; Ed. Klarner, Tyler. /. O. 0. F.— Present officers: J. M. Grimes, N. G.; W. H. Lentz, V. G.; Samuel Naylor, Secretary; T. X. Frey, Treasurer; A. H. D. Buttz, Jr., J. P. G.; B. F. Grover, Lodge Deputy. MENDON TOWNSHIP. The territory now comprised in the township of Mendon, together with all that portion of Adams county north of Rock creek, and south and 538 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. west of the south fork of Bear creek, was originally known as the Bear Creek country. Embracing an area equal to about three Congressional townships, it was divided into two or more voting precincts. On the adop tion of township organization by Adams county about the year 1850, nearly all this territory was organized into one township called Ursa. The large size of this township rendered it inconvenient and unsatisfactory, and after some efforts for a division, a special act of the Legislature was obtained in 1853, creating Mendon township by striking off four tiers of sections from the east side of Congressional township, 1 north 8 west, and also four tiers of sections from east side of so much of township 2 north 8 west, as lies south of the south fork of Bear creek, making the township four miles wide from east to West, and about nine miles long from north to south. It now contains a population of at least 2,500. A large proportion of the land in this township was originally prairie, interspersed with sufficient timber for all necessary purposes; it is suffi ciently rolling for good drainage, and the average quality of the soil for agri cultural purposes is equal to that of any other township in Adams county. It is nearly all in a high state of cultivation. The quality of the improve ments, such as houses, barns, fences, roads and bridges, is of superior char acter. The village of Mendon was first laid out by Col. John B. Chittenden, in 1833; various additions have since been made from time to time by different parties. By a special act of the Legislature, in 1S67, it was incor porated as a town, its limits embracing a territory one mile square. It is located near the center of the township, on probably the highest point of land in the county, and has a very commanding view of the surrounding country. Its affairs are managed by a board of five trustees, one of whom is president of the board. Its streets and allej^s are of liberal width, kept in good repair, and almost uniformly bordered by shade trees. It has an extensive system of sidewalks, built in a permanent manner and kept in excellent order. The general appearance of the town is a subject of com mendation by all who visit it, and a matter of just pride to all its citizens. Its population is about 1,000. Mendon is the religious, political, commer cial, and social center of the township. Its two most important material advantages are its. line of railroad and the extensive and excellent flouring mill of S. H. Bradley. Ithas a full complement of ministers, physicians and mechanics, some of them of rare skill. It, up to this time, has managed to exist in a comparatively healthy state without a resident lawyer. Men don is also celebrated for its large and varied stocks of merchandise; the amount and value of goods in ,Mendon is more than double that of any town in the county except Quincy. Its public buildings and private resi dences are of a superior order and almost universally kept in neat repair. " Chittenden Park," originally dedicated to the public as a park by Col. John B. Chittenden, is a beautiful plat of ground well set with grass and ornamental trees, and surrounded by a neat and substantial fence. In the spring of 1876, a row of sugar maple trees was set out around the park as a "Centennial " memorial, every one of which is flourishing. The public school-house is a tasteful and substantial brick building of sufficient capacity to accommodate 250 to 300 pupils. It was built about eight years ago, at a cost, including the grounds (5 acres), and the furniture, heating apparatus, etc., of about $20,000 all of which is fully paid. The character and repu tation of the school has been such as to induce a liberal attendance from abroad. HISTORY OW ADAMS COUNTY. 539 The original settlers of Mendon were chiefly from New England, but in later years very many from Pennsylvania and other places have settled here. The town has ever been noted for the quiet character of its citizens. It has never had within its limits a licensed saloon or drinking house. Its public schools have always been a leading idea in the minds of its people, and have kept pace with the growth of the village and the requirements of the age. It probably offers now as great inducements, either as a pleasant home or a location for establishing a manufacturing establishment of some kind, as any other point in the county. The town has ever retained much of the New England sentiment and the New England principle; at any rate the Kentucky neighbors brand it a Yankee town. Mendon has the honor of establishing the first Congregational church in Illinois, mainly through the efforts of Col. John B. Chittenden, thus securing a favorite New England Christian society among New England settlers. There are now four churches in this place, viz: Congregational, Methodist, Lutheran and Episcopalian, all in a flourishing condition. There is also a Masonic Lodge, No. 449, in good working condition, established in 1865. Among its original founders were Col. J. B. Chittenden, Col. Berry Baldwin, and Daniel Benton. Mendon is surrounded by a rolling prairie, now under most excellent and thorough cultivation, bringing rich returns to the farmers; as a conse quence, our farmers are becoming forehanded, some quite wealthy. The view from the town and some of the more elevated parts of the prairie is extremely pleasant; the formation of Honey and Bear creeks into one stream, nearly to the east of Mendon, which then winds around to the northwest and west, being heavily skirted with trees, gives an appear ance of a huge semi-circle, giving in summer a very beautiful landscape, which, together with numerous fine residences of the farmers, surrounded by groves of trees, is really attractive, and has often been so remarked by strangers visiting the town. Something more might be said about the early settlement of Mendon Prairie. If we mistake not Col. Martin Shuey was the first settler on the prairie; he built the first cabin in the spring of 1829, when it was a com plete wilderness, and the country abounded with wild beasts and Indians. The privations in that early day, as in every new country, were very great; Col. Shuey came west with an ox team, traveling from the eastern part of the State of Indiana. He came with a large family of children and was obliged to camp out while building their house;* that certainly showed great capacity for endurance, after so tedious a journey. In that early day flouring mills were very scarce, the nearest being on Crooked creek, a dis tance of thirty miles; just think of going thirty miles to mill with an ox team, with a prospect of waiting two or three days for his grist; it gener ally consumed a whole week's time under the'most favorable circumstances. Early settlers well remember a great nuisance in the green-head fly, which would breed on the prairie grass, and on a summer day would attack horses and cattle in such numbers as made It impossible to use them. Col. Shuey said they were obliged to work their cattle nights and rainy days, while making their first improvements. Col. Shuey often spoke of a remarkable ox he had, that would work single, which not only plowed his corn, but could be hitched to a wagon. He often said the ox drew his family to meeting, going a distance of several miles; the ox was guided by lines attached to the horns. Of course it attracted great attention. We rather 540 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. think, even at this day, an ox driven to church, drawing a family of ten persons, would attract some attention. Old settlers well remember the great snow storm that fell about Christ mas time, 1830. The snow was about five feet on a level ; many ravines were entirely filled up; some of the snow remained on the ground until May the following year. Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church, of Mendon. — The society was organized April 10, 1853, by Rev. James H. Harkey, in the town hall, at which time also a constitution was regularly adopted. First officers: Elders, Andrew Wible and John Felgar; deacons,Wm. Wells and H. Zimmer man; trustees, Peter Wible and John McGibbons; number of original mem bers, twenty-five; the present building was erected in 1854, and cost $4,000; parsonage built in 1862, with an addition in 1874, at a cost of some $1,200. Present officers are: Elders, Hamilton Smith and M. L. Henderson; dea cons, D. P. Shambaugh, F. W. Battell, F. Dickerman arid Dr. J. E. Tress- ler; trustees, Christopher Shupe, Benjamin Simpson, Henry Zimmerman and John McCormick. Number of present membership, 135; amount annually contributed for all purposes (for last five years), $1,250; the Sun day school was organized in June, 1853; present Sunday-school enrollment, 160. Present pastor, Rev. G. F. Behringer. The society has always been self-sustaining, never receiving home missionary aid, and is now in a very prosperous condition. MELROSE TOWNSHIP. Melrose township lies immediately east and south of the city of Quincy. Indeed, it includes that portion of the city south of Broadway, and embraces an area of about forty-five square miles, most of which had to be subdued by the woodman's ax. It is bounded on the north by Elling ton and the city of Quincy, east by Burton, south by Fall Creek, and west by the Mississippi river. Four-fifths of the township is comprised in table or bluff lands, which are abundantly watered, and considerably broken by Mill Creek and its branches. This stream enters the eastern border of Melrose a little more than two miles from the south line, and pursues a serpentine course west and south, flowing across into Fall creek near the declivity of the bluffs, about two miles from the river. Its principal branch, Little Mill creek, flows into the township, from Ellington, near its northeast corner, and bears a southwesterly course, emptying into Mill creek before it crosses the south township line. Melrose, like the other river townships, has a sub-stratum of limestone, and many fine working quar ries abound, furnishing building rock and lime in great quanntities. Melrose township was one of the*earliest settled in Adams county; outside of the city of Quincy there were only two white families living in the county — those of Daniel Lile and Justus J. Perigo in Fall Creek, when Asa Tyrer brought his family from Louisiana, 111., and settled on the southwest quarter of section 12, 2 south, 9 west, in the spring of 1821, where he resided until his death in 1873. His wife survived him and still lives in Quincy at the advanced age of eighty-eight years this July. Mr. Tyrer first visited the site of Quincy i'n 1821, on a tour of investigation ; he having purchased soldiers' warrants for two quarter sections of land on 12, he came up to locate it and see what prospects it offered for a home. So he was one of the first white men, if not the first, who ever trod its soil. MELROSE TOWNSHIP MELROSE TOWNSHIP HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 541 Being charmed with the beauty of the country, he returned to bring his family; but his wife'could not brook the idea of forsaking every trace of civilization, and settling in this howling wilderness with no companionship but with wild beasts and wilder Indians. So the removal was postponed till two years later. In the meantime ex-Governor John Wood, Willard Keyes, and Jeremiah Rose and family had settled in Quincy. David Shaw purchased the northwest quarter of section 18, and settled on it in 1828. Perry Alexander now owns and lives on the same farm. In 1829 Obadiah Waddell settled on section 35, on the farm now owned by Wm. Schnellbecker ; and the same year Jacob Wagner settled on the southeast quarter of section 29, where he still resides. Dr. Baker settled on section 14 as early as 1827, David Hughes, David and William Reeder, and Joseph Hank settled on section 26 in September, 1S28; Abigal Parsons and Nathaniel Sommers settled in the township about 1830. Mr. Sommers married Mr. Parsons' daughter, which was, perhaps, the first wedding, and in 1832 a daughter was born to them, which was one of the first births in Melrose. She now lives in Quincy. Benjamin Alexander, Jonathan Crow, Wm. B Goodwin and George Lacy camo to the township prior to 1830. Peter Felt and family settled in Quincy in 1830, and removed to the township in 1832, settling on the north half of section 13,2 south, 9 west. His old house still stands, and is used as a summer kitchen. Perry Alexander, whose father, Samuel, settled in Quincy in 1832, was the first boy to sell papers on the streets of the city. In the spring of 1835 he sold the Illinois Bounty Land Register. The first death in Melrose is said to have been a daughter of Joseph Hanks. More than two-thirds of the citizens of Melrose are of German nation ality, who are noted for being careful and thrifty farmers. Although this township is somewhat broken in some parts, it has some among the most beautiful and productive agricultural lands in the county under a high state of cultivation. The staple productions are wheat and Indian corn. The first Sunday-school was organized by Theresa Alexander and Annie Crow, in the summer of 1829, and was held at their residences. Some rude young men of the neighborhood scoffed at the idea, and by starting an opposition "school," as they termed it, thought to break it up, but within a very. short time thereafter those young men became zealous members of the church, and the Sunday-school still lives and prospers, though the founders have been laid in their final resting places. The first sermon was preached by Rev. Samuel Bogard, at the residence of Jonathan Crow. The first religious society organized was the Melrose Methodist Episcopal Church, at the house of Samuel Griggs, on Little Mill creek, in 1833. In 1835 this society erected the first house for public worship, a little log structure near " Dyer's Springs. " The first school-house was built in the summer of 1833, on section 35, and James Walker taught the first school in it in that year. Lacy and Stone erected and run the first mill for grinding grain in 1838, though there had been a pestle mill for crushing corn for several years prior. The first justice of the peace was Wm. B. Goodwin. At the first election under the township organization law, held in April, 1850, Stephen Safford was elected supervisor; Cornelius L. Demaree, assessor; Nathaniel Pease, town clerk; Jeremiah Parsons, col lector; Gilead Bartholomew and Amos Bancroft, justices of the peace; Albert A. Humphrey, overseer of the poor; and John J. Reeder and Oliver Waddell, constables. 542 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. CHUECHES. Melrose contains three church edifices: Melrose Chapel— Methodist Episcopal, St. Antonius— Catholic, and Zion's chapel— German Methodist Episcopal. Melrose Methodist Episcopal Church.— -This society was organized at the House of Rev. Samuel Griggs, on North Mill creek, in 1833, under the ministrations of the celebrated "Western Itinerant," Peter Cart wright, and Rev. David B. Carter, who had for some time previous labored as a missionary among the pioneers of Adams county. Ten charter members composed' this first class, named as follows: Rev. Samuel Griggs — leader— and Rachael Griggs, Benjamin Alexander and Theresa Alexander, Jonathan Crow and Annie Crow, Sydney McClaughlin, Cynthia McDaniel, Mary Clanton and Elizabeth Griggs. Mr. Griggs, who was a licensed local preacher, held the position of leader and also of steward for many years. Preaching was held in his house in winter and in his barn in summer for two years. Rev. David B. Carter was their first pastor, or " circuit rider," as they were termed in those days, and Peter Cartwright conducted the first quarterly meeting in 1834. One of the first sermons preached in that vicinity was by Rev. Mr. Carter on the occasion of the funeral of Elizabeth Kirkpatrick, whose is said to have been the first death in Adams county: In 1835 the church built the little log house near Dyers' springs, and held their meetings in it a number of years; then at the residence of Joseph Hanks some years, until the brick school-house was erected in 1850, on sec tion 19, after which services were held in it for four years, until Melrose chapel, a neat frame edifice, still in use, was erected on section 19, 2 south, 8 west, in 1854. The first religious revival enjoyed by this society was con ducted by Rev. Moses Clampett in 1839, which resulted in a large accession to the church. Many of the old members having died or changed location, the church now only numbers sixty communicants. The present officers are Joseph Hanks, J. H. Bishop, and E. F. Humphreys, stewards ; Wm. and John J. Reeder, leaders. The annual contributions aggregate $350. Their Sun day-school is prosperous, and has sixty-five members enrolled. Value of church property, $2,000. St. Antonius1 Church. — In 1859 Messrs. Anton Hoebing, William Weilman, John Schneider, the Widow Brinkman, Mr. Altro, and John Mast, citizens of Melrose township, and zealous Roman Catholics, con cluded, after mature deliberation, to build a church. Mr. Anton Bordewig, also an influential German Roman Catholic, donated ten acres of land, which should be used for the church, school-house and cemetery. The first building erected was of frame, 35x60 feet, in which Father Ferdinand first officiated after its consecration. A school-house was built, and Mr. Ignats Lear became the teacher of its scholars. In 1861 Father Mauricius took charge of the spiritual affairs of tho church and school, and remained until 1864, when, under direction of Father Ferdinand, the present brick build ing, 45x70 feet, was erected at a cost of $12,000. The frame church was renovated into a school-room and Mr. Gottleib Jacoby took charge as teacher, continuing to the present time, Father Paulus being now in charge of the church. Seventy families are at present members. After much hard work by its members in its infancy, St. Antonius' church is now in a flourishing condition, the debt created being nearly paid. All the inside work has been done by contribution, Mr. Weilman making all the pews, and several others, whose names we have been unable to ascertain, assisting HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 543 in working on the communion rail, chancel, and confessional. The altar is nearly finished, and is a beautiful piece of architecture. The choir is well instructed, the sacred music being given with proper pathos. The first marriages celebrated were those of Frank Meyer with Miss Carolina Mast, Franz Weilman with Miss Lutcie Hurller, Bernard Hersbesmeyer with Miss Lena Dreier. The first burial in the cemetery was that of the Widow Brinkman. The German Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1845. For several years the society held their services at the homes of the mem bers until 1850, when they erected their present church edifice, " Zion's Chapel," on the northeast quarter of section 22. The society numbers at present about forty-five members, and has a prosperous Sunday-school with some fifty members. They have preaching semi-monthly. McKEE TOWNSHIP. The first settlement was made in 1838, on section 4, by Wm. Hogan, John Covert, Calvin Brandy, John H. Keller and Dudley Perigo. In 1840 there were a number more came in, Francis Amro, Philip Amro, Jacob Hover, Justice Perigo, Cyrus Sims, and Reuben Childers. Jacob Hughes and family moved from Gilmer Township in 1847, and located on section 14, among the hills on the brink of one of the bluffs of McKee Creek, and died on this farm many years after. Nearly all of the members of Mr. Hughes' family still reside in the county. His son George stands in the front ranks with the best citizens of the township. Quite a number of the oldest citizens have moved away but are not forgotten; others have died, leaving; a good example. A few are still living who have weathered the cold blast of many winters, and enjoy talk ing over old scenes and incidents. Among them are Cyrus Sims, Reuben Childers, J. H. Keller, and Samuel Massee. The township, although largely composed of hills and valleys, was soon quite thickly settled, and upon the top of many of these hills could be seen the houses of the pioneers, and from the valley just beyond (came the smoke curling up from the home of another of the sturdy frontiersmen. A. H. D. Butz, with a keen eye to business, built the first mill in 1845, on section 6, using the water power of McKee creek, for sawing and grind ing purposes. It is still in running order. Mr. Smith of Quincy started the first store in the township, and John Huffman the second, on section 7. He still continues in the business, the only store in the town, which, with a blacksmith shop, and several houses, compose the town, named Bowling Green, many years ago by Wm. Bowling. Mr. Bowling now lives in Con cord township. In 1853 " Old Slab Town " received the new name of Spring Valley', and struggled hard for existence with her carding, grist and saw-mill, in charge of Wm. Wells and John W. Wardell. Harvey Bogley was store keeper, and P. M. Forgey the blacksmith. Early in the civil war the millers enlisted, leaving business for our country's service, and in their absence the town fell to ruins, with only the blacksmith's shop to mark the spot. , An attempt to murder one of the citizens on Christmas eve, va. the year 1858, proved a failure, we believe, though it created such a sensation as to be handed down among the records. 35 544 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. In the month of February, 1865, a dwelling and its contents was lost by fire. Estimated loss $1,000. Within the past two years a fine school-house has been built near the site of the old town. It is used for school and church purposes and all town meetings. The almost obliterated town of Bagnolia was started by William Hart and Dan Higbe, in 1865, for three years. They conducted a dry goods, grocery and whiskey store; the latter department became the principal business, and ruined the town. Mr. Payton, in 1869, started Hickory Corner and Post Office Payton, which since has been changed to Kellerville, a prosperous and pleasant town, with large trade; two stores kept by Anthony Gruber & Co. and P. H. & H. H. Hoffman; Mrs. Rhea supplies the millinery, and two physi cians heal the sick; the buildings are in good repair, and the town looks bright and thrifty. A fine suspension bridge crosses McKee creek at this point; we find also a saw and grist mill operated by Patterson & Co., on section 33; the German Methodists have their church on section 31, the only one in the village. McKee creek runs through the township in a southeasterly direction, and forms in many places deep ravines. George W. Query, now living in Indiana, made the discovery of a furnace, in 1849, in one of the bluffs near the creek, which formed some foundation for the old story that, during the French war with the Indians, a small party of French, having with them a large amount of silver, were overpowered by a band of Indians, and before capture buried their treasure. They were then burned in the furnace — all save one who escaped, wounded, and on his death bed very minutely described this locality as the one where the treasure had been concealed. After the discovery of the furnace for several years many adventurers, guided by different fortune-tellers, came from St. Louis and other points in search of the money, which has not yet been discovered. In politics the Democrats have the majority. The first supervisor was John W. Wardwell; town clerk, A. J. Durbir*, in the year 1851. The present supervisor is Mr. E. W. Leisley. The first school-house was built on the farm of Rube F. Smith, on section 3. It is gratifying to state that the citizens of McKee township have been very accommodating and friendly in giving us facts from which we have been enabled to write the foregoing history. CHUECHES. German Methodist Church, Fairweather, McKee township. This church was organized in the year 1847, and for twenty-six years worshiped in a log cabin. Mr. George Hess acted as class-leader for twenty years. During .this time the number of members has increased to twenty-five, and the church flourished. In 1873 the old house was torn down, and a substantial one erected at a cost of $1,000. Mr. Wm. Hofmeister at this time became class-leader, and has since acted in that capacity. Many of the early members have died. Among the number who have passed away but are not forgotten; are Geo. Hess and wife, John Deal, A. Lentz and. wife, John Harss and wife, and John Winder. Rev. Mr. Bowers was the first regular minister, and began his work with the organization. Rev. John Smith succeeded him in 1849, and many others have filled the position since ; some of them are still living in the county. Rev. H. Zeigler is the present pastor. The Sunday-school is an interesting one" and well attended every Sabbath. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 545 United Brethren Church, Spring Valley, McKee township, was or- fanized in an early day, but was entirely broken up by neglect of church uties, etc. In 1867 it was reorganized by Joseph Diendorff, with the as sistance of Morris Bennett and John Padgett, and has the names of twenty members now on its church-book. The officers of the church at present ' are as follows: Joseph Diendorff, minister; Morris Bennett, class-leader; John Padgett, steward. The organization now holds its regular meetings at the Spring Valley school-house on every alternate Sabbath: SCHOOLS. Washington Grove School District, No. 1, was organized in 1857, and a building erected at a cost of about $400; it has since been remodeled and is kept in good repair. There are now one hundred and twenty scholars in the district, and an average attendance of thirty-six, the highest in rank in the township. The first board of directors was composed of James Parker, Wiley Veach and W. G. Smith, who employed Mr. Guhrrie as teacher. The present directors are Wm. McConnell, Henry Boss, and John H. Jones, clerk. The last teacher was John Jameson; the salary $55 per month. Unfortunately school records have not been kept in the following districts, and the early history will of necessity be meagre. North Rock School District, No. 2. — The present school building was completed in 1864 — a substantial structure well furnished, with an average attendance of thirty. In the district there are 102 scholars. Directors for the present year are Morris Bennit, John Gigei, and Alex. Hoffman, clerk. Mr. E. D. Roe is now teacher; salary per month, $35. South Rock School District, No. 3. — The building of stone, was erected in 1862. 126 scholars in the district. Of this number forty attend school regularly. Directors at present time Daniel Balzar, William Kuntz, and Christian Hess, clerk; teacher, Aneline Junison; salary, $33.33 per month. Green Wood School, No. 4. — The building meets the requirements of the district, and is valued at about $200; seventy scholars in the district; average daily attendance, thirty; board of directors, J. W. Leichtenthaler, Geo. F. Cyrle, John Campbell, clerk; teacher, Solomon Belmyer; salary, $31.25 per month. Spring Valley School District, No. 5. — T. P. and E. Patten erected the building in 1877, at a cost of $600. The district has seventy-five scholars; average daily attendance twenty-five; directors, John Padgett, Jacob Womelsdorf and A. J. Durbin; R. C. Hinckley, teacher; salary $30 per month. Vanier School District, No. 6. — The building is of log and comfortable; there are sixty-eight scholars living in the district; average attendance, thirty; directors, Abraham Hulse, John Britt and J. B. Moore; teacher, G. W. Miller; salary $35 per month. Wiland School District, No. 7, has a substantial building; ninety- four scholars in the district, and an average attendance of thirty-seven; directors, John M. Bowen, James Gallaher, and Samuel Gallaher, clerk; teacher, Isaac Dana; salary $45 per month. Happy Hollow School District, No. 8. — The building of logs is pic turesquely situated in a valley at the foot of high bluffs, and, according to the old legend, the "hidden treasure" is in this vicinity. There are forty- eight scholars in the district; average attendance, twenty-three; directors, 546 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Jacob Mixer, James M. Grady, and David Watkin, clerk; teacher, Clark Raugh ; salary $40 per month. NORTHEAST V TOWNSHIP. The first settlement of this township was made on section 2, in 1829, by Alexander Oliver. He came to the township from the State of Ohio, with a wife and ten children — five sons and five daughters — built a log cabin and made the first improvements ; two of his sons entered the minis try of the Methodist church. Mr. Oliver and his family resided in this- township during the Black Hawk war, also during the winter of the deep snow, and suffered many and great privations and hardships incident to those times, much owing to the limited circumstances of the early settlers. The next in the order of time, as we learn from the old residents who set tled in the township, were Harmon and Alfred Marlow, Mr. Bates and Mrs. Smith and their families, from Indiana; Hiram Elliston, John Hiber, Levi Conover and Elliott Condes were the next to settle. The last three families came from the State of Kentucky and settled in the year 1831. The first white child born was a son of Hanson Marlow, in the year 1831, and the first death was that of Mrs. Smith in the year 1832. Benjamin Gould and a Miss Janes were the first parties married. The ceremony was performed by Christopher C. Yates, a justice of the peace, in the year 1833. The first sermon was preached by the Rev. W. H. Ralstin, at the log cabin of Mr. John Hiber, a minister of the Methodist church, in the year 1833. The first school-house was a log cabin built on section 4, in the year 1833, and Miss Janes taught the first school. The first church build ing was erected by the Presbyterians on Rection 36, and Rev. Wm. Crain was their first minister. The minister is still living, and is probably the oldest minister in the county. This township is mostly prairie, well skirted with fine timber, and is settled by a prosperous and intelligent people. The township of Northeast was organized in the year 1850, when an election was held. The first supervisor was Benjamin Gould; the first town clerk, William Burke; the first assessor, William Ketchum; first collector, J. J. Graham; first overseer of the poor, B. N. Galliher; first justices of the peace were Mitchell Alexander and James J. Graham; the first constables, Robert B. Combs and William F. Crain; commission ers of highways, E. B. Hough, Elliott Combs and Clements Robbins. KEOKUK JUNCTION. Some time in the year 1862 the Wabash railway corporation having located their branch from Clayton to Keokuk so as to pass across this particular part of the prairie, Mr. J. H. Wendell built a small saloon between the Wabash and O, B. & Q. railways, some rods south of the junction, he having occupied, for a short time, a part of a small building previously erected on the east side of the railway tracks for depot purposes. This building although long since destroyed by a violent wind, appears to have been the first attempt towards a permanent building of the town as the said Wendell continued to reside here for eight or ten years, and during the time erected a number of much more permanent edifices which are still standing and are ornaments to the place. Other buildings quickly fol lowed and in the early part of the year 1864 Mr. L. A. Albers erected a house where Philip Cain, Esq., resides and commenced store keeping in HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 547 one room of it. Mr. G. H. Buss the same year built and staked a large store on the east side of the O, B. & Q. railway a few rods south of the present crossing of Smith street. In the spring of 1867 the late Mr. Herman Miller erected the brick store on southeast corner of Smith and East Trout streets and in partner ship with Mr. J. G. Klosterman commenced a trade which finally merged with the stock of Mr. Buss into the stock of goods now owned and located by Onki Shuen, southwest corner of Smith and West Front streets. • In 1866 Col. Wm. Hanna rented the store of Mr. J. H. Wendell (now owned and occupied by the Messrs. Selby) and occupied it as a store until he erected in 1868 the house now standing on the northwest corner of Wendell and West Front streets, fitting up the first floor as a first class store, in which he has transacted business continuously to the present time, being not only the first American merchant to locate here but the only merchant who has continued in business here so long a time, and yet pur sues the even tenor of his way. The year folio wing— 1867— Mr. H. E. Selby with Mr. John J. Weiden- hammer purchased the interest of Mr. G. H. Buss and continued the trade at Buss' stand for one year when, Mr. Weidenhammer withdrawing, the firm of Albers, Lyle & Selby was formed, who occupied the store now occupied and owned by Messrs. H. E. & S. Selby, a firm which commenced business in 1869, Buss & Weiens at the same time occupying Buss' old stand. The late Nehemiah Bushnell, attorney of Quincy, having, as agent of the owners of this portion of the prairie, had a survey and plat of this village made and recorded, and sold the lots, a petition of the citizens was laid before the Legislature of 1867, for the act of incorporation necessary for a town government, by the name of Keokuk Junction. Such an act was granted early in the session, and confirmed on March 5th, granting the settlement power to act in the election and qualification of officers for self government. On the first day of April, 1867, the first meeting was held for election of officers, when Mr. John Lyle was elected the first justice of the peace (an office held by him continuously with one very short inter ruption until the spring of 1878), Mr. John H. Wendell, constable and Messrs. Libbe U. Albers, Geo. W. Myers, Andreas M. Fruhling and Wm. Hanna as a board of trustees. On the seventeenth of the same month a full organization was perfected with Mr. L. U. Albers as clerk. This organization gave the town very good authority for police regulations, which had become a matter of necessity for the health and safety of all law- abiding citizens, and the town soon showed the benefit of such a course, in the gradual but steady improvement of the moral attitude of the popula tion. This form of government continued in force until March, 1873, when the board of trustees called an election to vote upon the new state law, authorizing the town to relinquish their special organization acts and to adopt the general method of* organization of cities and villages. The result of the election was a unanimous vote to adopt such a change. On the fifteenth of April following, an election was held according to the new plan adopted, and the newly elected board of trustees proceeded to organize and execute the village government according to the new state " V illage Organization Laws," which course is still in full effect. The result of such early and thorough organization has been visible to the most casual observer and culminated at the annual election of April, 1879, in the election of an 548 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. entire anti-license government by an overwhelming majority. The village government as at present organized consists of Messrs. Seneca Selby, presi dent; Samuel H. Tipton.Cornelius Hennirk, Milton Patton, Franklin M. Huff and Wm. T. Selby, the board of trustees, L. A. Martin, village clerk; Col. Wm. Hanna, police magistrate; Gerd. G. Franklin, treasurer; Geo. E. Ross, police constable and Herre Herrn, street commissioner. While the moral aspect of the village has so vastly improved the physical has not been neglected. Previously to the building of the rail roads, the middle of the village was actually the middle of a vast malarial pool — the fit home of the frog and the serpent — so wet and miry in fact in the early summer that even persons on horseback were obliged to avoid this portion when passing from side to side of the prairie. Now a system of thorough drainage added to a fair degree of sanitary regulations, affords the resident population a greater immunity from pestilence than is afforded to any of our sister towns. The cause of the settlement of an important mercantile community in such a seemingly unfavorable spot being the location of two very long and powerful railroad lines, it is naturally a matter of interest, to turn a few moments to the local operation and management of those roads. On the fourth day of September, 1863, an entry was made of the first freight re ceived at this station, then under the management of Mr. John P. Harlow, agent. On the twenty-first day of November following the first telegram passed from this station. From that time to the present, a period of a little over fifteen years, immense stocks of merchandise of all descriptions have been received at this station for sale or transhipment, while in the same time large quantities of grain and live stock have been shipped from this depot to be scattered through all the marts of our own and probably many foreign countries. Mr. Harlow was superseded on the first of April, 1864, by L. U. Albers, who held the position until the first of October, 1868, when John M. Graham took charge and held it until April 1st, 1872, when Cornelius Hennirk, of Pennsylvania, the very pleasant and gentlemanly agent of to day was placed in charge. Mr. Hennirk is assisted by Wm. T. Selby as baggage master and John H. Potter as night operator, all very agreeable and satisfactory officials. In connection with railroading may be noticed the post-office depart ment. L. U. Albers, the agent of the railroad companies, about the commencement of the year 1864, received the appointment as post-master and administered the affairs o the office in the depot building until, in the year 1868, he was removed, afnd Wm. O'Harra received the appointment and located the office at the hotel of which he was proprietor. In the autumn of the same year Col.Wm. Hanna, our present worthy post-master, receiv ed the appointment and at once removed the office to his new store, where it has since remained. In autumn, 1872, Mr. Jas. Stone purchased filestore he now occupies, which was b uilt by the late firm of Whitford & Beckett in 1869, and opened a first class drug store. Quite a stock of drugs were kept for a short time previous to this by the Messrs. Selby, in connection with their general merchandising, but no specific drug store had been opened here previous to the arrival of Mr. Stone. His stand has been kept as a drug store, unin terruptedly, and with the exception of one year by himself. Religious services in the English language were held in the present HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 549 depot (which was erected in 1864) alternately by Methodists and Presby terians until the autumn of 1869, when, the school-house being finished, it was used as a house of worship instead of the depot. A Union Sunday- school had been organized in the depot, which was also removed to the school-house at the same time. It continued there until the Methodists erected their present house of worship on Albers street, in 1872, when they organized a Methodist Sunday-school which destroyed the Union school. The Germans (a large and influential part of the population) residing here attended worship at the " Prairie Church," about four miles southeast of the town, until the spring of 1869, when the German Lutheran church on the west side of Congress street was finished, and the Rev. Mr. Tjardin, of Quincy, was called to preside, who remained only a year. The Rev. Peter Kleinlein, of Iowa, was called, who still presides over that church. About 1874 a portion of the members of that church drew off from the parent organization and founded the " Trinity " Lutheran church, which held services in a building south of South street (now occupied by Mr. Wm. H. Staats as a furniture factory and /warehouse) until their present elegant church on the north side of Hayes street was consecrated in December, 1877. Rev. Richard Scheie was called to the pastorate and remained until March, 1879. The pulpit of that church is now vacant. The Rev. Mr. Ash, of the Methodist conference, who came to this circuit in the autumn of 1878, officiates at " Simpson" Methodist chapel at the present time. The cause of education has received marked attention from the first. Perhaps few towns, in proportion to population, can produce as many per manent residents who have been school teachers, as this. As a consequence the public attention was early called to the need of instruction for youth. The village growing up suddenly in a distant corner of the district, it was arranged to form a new district of the village part and it was organized as such in 1869, add the present commodious edifice erected at an expense of over $3,000. Schools have been held each school year since by various teachers, the present very successful principal, Prof. M. F. McOord, being near the close of his first year of instruction. Besides our public schools each Lutheran church has a parish school in connection with the church, so the youth of the village have ample opportunity to meet the very sensible requirements of the newly enacted state school law. Hand in hand with the advance of education, and as a fitting sequel to the Master's work, came temperance reform. As far back in the local annals as 1869, the late Wm. Beckett, a merchant, then president of the board of trustees, exerted his influence in efforts to promote the cause of temper ance to such a degree that the mob spirit of King Alcohol aroused his minions in rebellion, and surrounding the residence of Mr. Beckett at night threat ened personal violence. The spirit arose to such a pitch that finally the calmer element of society became aroused in favor of order and safety and the mob spirit quietly subsided. But -it has shown its power and venom in repeated instances since. Although the spirit of temperance was steadily working, no decided and actual advance was made until the noted " Murphy " excite ment began to pervade the country and that sentiment of the community began to take form and brought the believers in the cause to the front and a well organized association is the result. Commencing its public organi zation late in the year 1877, it has been the means of checking many young people in a downward course and of doing much other good. It still has very attractive gatherings, bi-monthly, by lectures and literary performances, 550 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. notable among which is a well edited monthly paper. Its present officers are Cornelius Hennirk, president; Messrs. Seneca Selby and Milton Patton, vice presidents; Scott Taylor, secretary, and Laban Cain, treasurer. The medical fraternity is well represented in this village at the present time. Dr. L. A. Martin, of Rhode Island, came here in the spring of 1869 and has followed his profession without interruption to the present time. Dr. Milton Patton, of Ohio, came here in the autumn of 1870 and with the ex ception of a short residence in Bowensburgh, has remained here permanently. Dr. J. T. Cushenburg came in the spring of 1878, from Paloma and has taken up his residence with us. A half dozen other representatives of medicine have at times stojjped with us a short period. In 1874 a movement was made toward the organization of a military company, and a number were induced to meet for drill under the guidance of Col. William Hanna, who, in October, 1875, was commissioned captain, and proceeded at once to perfect the organization and drill of the company. In February, 1876, Capt. Hanna was promoted to the colonelcy of the regi ment, and Lieut. H. E. Selby to be captain of the company. In July, 1877, Capt. Selby having resigued the command of the company, and Col. Hanna that of the regiment, Col. Hanna was re-elected to and accepted of the com mand of the company, which he held until the reorganization of the regiment in September, 1877, under the present State militia law, when Capt. Hanna was again elected, and commissioned colonel of the 8th Regi ment, and Lieut. C. Hennirk was elected and commissioned captain of the company. During the short period of the life of this company its record has been good, once winning the second prize and three times the first prize at annual fairs, besides earning a first-class record in the expedition to East St. Louis during the memorable strikes of 1877. One hotel serves to meet the requirements of public travel. This was erected in 1864, by Messrs. Browning and Underwood, and passing through various proprietorships finally came into the possession of its present worthy landlord, Mr. William A. Strikler, in 1874. Little need be said of it more than that it is well kept as a first-class house, and is pronounced by the mercantile traveling agents, alias " Drummers " (than whom none are more critical in such matters), as well as by the traveling public generally as one of the best kept houses on these railroads. The present occupations of our population comprise the following: The " Prairie Mills " is a very large and powerful windmill, with two runs of burrs and all the latest improved preparatory ;a.nd bolting machinery for grinding and finishing corn, rye and buckwheat, under the successful man agement of Mr. Hiram H. Emmenga, and noted far and near for the superior quality of its products. The second windmill, but a little inferior to the power and capacity of the first, and in no appreciable degree inferior in quality of products, is under the management of Mr. Cobus" Franzen. Also a cheese factory, of about a daily capacity of 800 pounds, under the charge of Mr. John Poppe; one small mill for wood turning by wind power; one lumber yard, well stocked; two large shipping granaries, for all varieties of grain, both of which do an extensive business; four stores for general merchandising, which have large and well selected stocks of goods; four firms, or individuals, who deal largely in farming implements; two drug stores, supplied with the usual requisites for prescription as well as general trade; one firm of harness makers; one dealer in lime, cement, etc. ; one cabinet maker and dealer in furniture, whose manufacture received HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 55 the highest premium at the last county fair; two dealers in millinery and ladies' furnishing goods, two dealers in stoves and tinware, two livery sta bles, two saloons, one firm of shoemakers, two of house carpenters, two firms of blacksmiths, one wagonmaker, one mason, one barber, three tailors, etc. The village of La Prairie is on the O, B. & Q. R. R., thirty miles from Quincy, laid out and platted by H. Dills, A. C. Marsh, O. L. Skinner, Ii. T. J. Ricker, Hiram Rogers, Benjamin Bacon and Obediah Gibbs. It has two general stores, owned by R. H. Bacon & Co. and Col. J. M. A. Drake; one wagon shop, one shoe shop, two harness shops, two churches, one drug store and a graded school. In the year 1878 there were shipped 176 on loads of stock and 32 car loads of hay. LODGES. •La Prairie Lodge No. 267 was organized Oct. 6, 1858. The charter members are as follows: John S. Tout, 1st master; John W. Dills, 1st warden; John W. Byland, junior warden; B. F. Tolman, secretary; A. P. Hoyt, H. D. Dills, W. H. Martin. It has forty members, and is in a flourishing condition. CHUECHES. United Brethren in Christ. — This church had its origin in the year 1774. William Otterbein, of Baltimore, Md., organized a congregation in Baltimore, May 4, 1774. The church is Armenian in faith, and itinerant in supply of its people with the gospel. In the government of the church the people rule. The delegates to the general conference are elected by the laity. The general conference meets every four years. The bishops are elected every four years; and the presiding elders every year by the annual conference; the leaders and stewards, by the class. The church has forty- three conferences, and 150,000 members. The church has a prosperous mission in West Africa. The Centennial Church was built in the year 1875, and dedicated by Bishop J. Dickson, of Decatur, Ills. The church or class was first organized at the Union Church, west of the Centennial, in the year 1863, by Rev. N. A. Walker. The class now numbers about one hundred mem bers. The present pastor is Rev. J. H. Snyder; presiding elder, N. A. Walker. La Prairie Class was organized March, 1879, by the election of John Prather, leader, and N. Robbins, steward. The class has a membership of thirty-six members. The society is making efforts to purchase the church house of worship of the Missionary Baptists in the town of La Prairie. The appointment was first taken up by Rev. J. B. King, and then filled by N. A. Walker; and the present pastor, Rev. J. H. Snyder, held a meeting during the latter part of February and early part of March of the present year, assisted by Rev. N. A. Walker and Rev. I. Valentine. Forty conver sions and thirty-six accessions to the church is the result of the efforts. PAYSON TOWNSHIP. The village of Payson is situated fifteen miles southeast of Quincy, Ills., and ten miles from Hannibal, Mo., on a beautiful rolling prairie. .In the year 1833 the land upon which Payson now stands was entered at the 552 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. General Land Office by Hon. John Wood, E. B. Kimball, and Bracket Pottle. In the fall of '34 Deacon Albigence Scarborough, of West Hart ford, Conn., came into the township and purchased the land of the above named parties, and in the spring of '35 he laid out the village of Payson. He had associated with himself in the laying-out of the village and the sale of the lots, P. E. Thompson and James C. Bernard. The village was named by Deacon Scarborough after the Rev. Dr. Payson, of Portland, Maine, who was a great favorite of Deacon Scarborough, and from which the township afterwards derived its name. In the year 1835 Deacon David Prince, Jas per Whitcomb and others, came to the place. In '36 Deacon Scarborough, Deacon Prince, and Captain John Burns, commenced the building of the wind-mill, which was completed about three years afterward, at a cost of thirteen thousand dollars,'and this put an end, for a time, to the importa tion of flour. The first sale of town lots took place on the seventh day of August, 1836, and the major part of the lots that were sold were purchased by the citizens themselves, very few being sold to outside speculators, and thus the curse which has weighed so heavily 'on other Western villages was avoided. Twenty per cent, of the purchase money of the lots sold was donated by the founders, by previous agreement, for the purpose of build ing a seminary, and also four acres of beautiful land to erect the said build ing upon. That probably gave the impetus to the educational interest of Payson that has been kept up to the present time ; and, no doubt, too much credit can not be given to Deacon Scarborough for his liberality in donat ing the beautiful town lot, for, if we are rightfully informed, that was donated by him individually. There is a district school-house erected on the said lot that cost, when built, about twelve thousand dollars. This building will accommodate three hundred scholars. In the year 1835, Deacon Prince arrived with a stock of goods from New York, and opened the first store: A year or two afterward, J. C. Ber nard and Joseph Norwood established themselves as merchants. Joseph E. Norwood was the first Payson postmaster. The Congregational Church was organized May 6, 1836. Those forming the church were A. Perry and wife, J. J. Fielding and wife, A. Scarborough and wife, Thomas Kond and wife, J. Boger and wife, B. Pottle and wife, D. Prince and wife, D. E. Scarborough, Mrs. Ellen Gustavus, Miss L. Pond, Miss Emily Scarborough; Mr. Cole, of Kentucky, was their first pastor. We have been unable to find any record of the members of the Methodist Church to show when the church was organized, but it was at an early date. Rev. J. Montgomery, minister in charge. The Christian Church was organized February 15, 1868, with twenty-six members. The churches all have good houses of worship. There is one Masonic Lodge with a large membership; they own a fine hall, worth about four thousand dollars. There is also a Chapter organized. In 1833 Robert G. Kay and Wyman Whitcomb, with their families, settled in the township. After the township organization in 1850, R. G. Kay was elected the first supervisor; he served two years. Wyman Whit comb was elected on the third year after the organization. Prominent among the residents of Payson and vicinity are J. K. Scarborough, B. Pottle, R. G. Kay, Wyman Whitcomb, Jasper Whitcomb, J. O. Bernard, A. T. Cook, W. D. Perry, Dr. Shepherd and others, but the want of space prevents further mention. There has also sprung up a thrifty young village on Stone's Prairie, irf&Urf ySZ0A49iMrr ^o-et^ffLeL JfCUinvn^1-^ PAYSON TOWNSHIP HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 553 called Plainville, or more improperly called Shakerag, and by all appear ances quite a business place. There are two stores doing a very lucrative business. The name of the post-office is Stone's Prairie. There are black smith and wagon shops, and all such business is carried on in order to accommodate the farming community, without going off to larger places to get small jobs done. John Delaplain and A. v. Vining appear to be the founders of the burg. Wm. Shinn is one of the prominent men and early settlers. There is a prosperous Methodist Episcopal Church in the south west part of the township, known as the Fall Creek Church. The town of Payson has won a deservedly high reputation for its choice fruits. Of all the towns in Adams county, it is admitted, in this regard, to have the pre-eminence. Indeed, it is questionable whether any locality in the State surpasses that of Payson in the quality, variety, and amount of fruit grown. Any reference to the history and early develop ments of this interest, however brief and imperfect, can not therefore fail to interest our readers. The first apple orchard, worthy of the name, which has come to our knowledge, in. the town of Payson, was planted by that pioneer and advocate of all true progress, Deacon A. Scarborough, in the spring of 1838. His stock consisted of one year old trees, purchased in St. Louis, but raised in Ohio. In 1838 Deacon Scarborough also purchased of Mr. John Anderson, of Pike county, one bushel of peaches, consisting of choice varieties grown by Mr. Anderson on trees he had procured in the State of New Jersey. Mr. Scarborough paid one dollar for this bushel of selected fruit, when the ordinary selling price at the time, scarce as peaches then were, was but twenty-five cents per bushel. Some of the trees produced from this fruit have borne as fine peaches as have been grown in the county. Three of those early trees are still standing, and doing well, though he, by whose diligent hands they were so carefully planted and nurtured, has gone from the scenes of earth. The attention of other early settlers was devoted more or less to the important subject of fruit-growing, about the same time. But of them we cannot here speak in particular. The development of the fruit interest in the town of Payson, and indeed of all the region round about, is indebted, more than to any other individual, to that indefatigable excelsior in horticulture, Mr. William Stewart. The nursery and fruit business was ever after the great specialty of his life. In laying out Payson, ample pains were taken to secure good educa tional facilities for future generations, as the lot on which the present school is situated was reserved for an academy. In addition to this, 20 per cent, of the sales of the first one hundred lots were saved as a fund with which to build the proposed academy. The money was finally used to erect a school-house which served the township for many years. The pres ent school building was erected in 1868, at a cost of $i0,000, while other improvements augment the total to $12,240. The Payson Farmers'1 Mutual Insurance Company was organized November 22, 1873. It commenced business immediately. In July, 1874, business amounted to $60,000. The first officers elected were A. T. Cook, president; J. O. Barnard, secretary, and H. L. Tandy, treasurer. January 1, 1879, the company had $294,390 insurance in force, which is limited to detached property, over one hundred feet from other buildings. The di rectors are L. G. Carr, Robert Rankins, Alfred Seehorn, J. O. Barnard, John Aten, H. L. Tandy, S. D. Lewis, A. T. Cook, S. S. Nesbitt. 554 ¦ HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. CHUECHES. The Free Will Baptist Church was first organized in this township at what is now known as Hinchley's school house, on the 26th day of October, 1850, with a membership of nine persons, and assumed the name of the Payson Free Will Baptist Church, with Elder 0. M. Sewall as pastor, under whose charge and efficient labors the church grew prosperous. In the year 1862, a house of worship was erected in the village of Plainville, and in June, 1862, the church was removed to Plainville, with a membership of 38, and assumed the name of the Fairview Free Will Baptist Church. The new house of worship was dedicated June the 1st, Elder S. D. Millay preached the dedication sermon. Present pastor, Elder D. C. Miller. The Congregational Church of Payson was organized May 6, 1836. The following were received as original members of the church: Albigence Scarborough and his wife, Electa; Joseph Fielding and his wife, Clarissa; Brackett Pottle and his wife, Mary; D. E. Scarborough, Charles Whitman, Mrs. Nancy Scarborough, Mrs. Eliza Elles, Abner Perry and his wife, Adeline; Thomas Rand, and his wife, Mary S.; Joseph Bo dger and his wife, Frances; David Prince and'his wife, Sophia; and Miss Lovnsa Pond. David Prince was elected deacon . On the 29th of the followingS eptember the articles'of faith and covenant which the church now have were adopted. Rev. Mr. Hubbard remained till the close of the year. Rev. Wm. Cole, from Kentucky, succeeded him, beginning his pastoral labors May 1, 1837. Rules for church advancement were adopted the 23d of that month. Rev. Z. K. Hawley succeeded Mr. Cole in 1841. In 1842 their church building, which had been built a short time before, was burned; the members were obliged to worship in school-houses and cabins. In 1843 a wagon shop was fitted up for a church, and Rev. J. H. Prentiss became the pastor. The Rev Z. K. Hawley followed next, who in 1856 was succeeded by Rev. C. A. Leach, who continued until 1866. In 1863 steps were taken toward the erection of a new church, which culminated in the completion and ded ication, on September 28, 1865, of their present beautiful edifice. The M. E Church. — The first class in this church in Payson was organized in 1835. All meetings for worship were held in private houses until the winter of 1842. On March 18, 1840, the society met for the pur pose of electing trustees and becoming incorporated .according to the laws of Illinois. At this meeting Charles Pope, Wm. Thompson, W. B. Gooding, Harvey Brown and V. W. Bernard, were elected trustees. The lot on which the present church building stands was obtained and the erec tion of a building begun in the spring of 1841, but the building was not completed until the fall of 1842. Its size is 26x36; its cost $1,150. At the Illinois annual conference, held in 1847, Payson circuit was formed of territory previously constituting part of Columbus circuit, and A. Don Oarlos was appointed preacher in charge. The first quarterly conference for Payson circuit was held in Payson, November 13, 1847, A. L. Risley, presiding elder. Peter Cartwright was the first elder on this district, and the first quarterly conference held within the present bounds of Payson circuit (then part of Columbus circuit), met in a log house which is "still standing, a mile and a half southwest of Payson. The old church building being too small to accommodate the congregation, it was removed and a new one erected in 1854; size, 35x55; cost, $3,550; trustees, George Sin- HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 555 nock, George Hewes, George Baker, James Shinn, William R.. Gabriel, A. U. Thompson, William Crewdson, William Thompson, and T. W. McFall. This building was removed in 1878, and the present one erected ; size 40x70 ; cost $5,350. The present pastor, H. C. Adams, receives $900 salary and parsonage free. The parsonage is owned by the church, conveniently located, and cost, with the lot, $1,750 in 1870. The present membership of the church is 154. The number enrolled in the Sunday-school is 160; George Sinnock, superintendent. The amount contributed by the Sunday- school for missions in 1878, was $88. The amount given by the church and school for the various benevolent objects of the church, $208.50. The present officers of the church are: Stewards H. Long, S. E. Hewes, N. Rouse, W. A. Mitchell; leaders, A. Lehman, George Sinnock, Jas . Inman, George Murphy, and Daniel Hughes. Baptist Church. — The organization of this church in Payson took place on the 8th of March, 1834, before the town of Payson was ever platted. The meeting for the purpose of organizing was held at the residence of W. H. Tandy, about three miles north of the present site of Payson. The original members were Robert G. Kay and wife, Gabriel Kay and wife, W. H. Tandy and wife, and Charles M. Morton. The new organization took the name of the Bethany .Baptist Church of which the Rev. John Clark be came the pastor. The meetings were held in the dwellings, of members, alternating from one to the other. The scattered settlers in this country then came long distances_ to attend these religious meetings. Early in the summer of the next year (1835), for the better accommodation of the increas ing congregation, they erected a log meeting house in a grove a short dis tance north and east of Gabriel Kay's residence. The first religious meeting was held in this new house of worship the first Sunday in July of that year. As soon as the town of Payson became a reality they abandoned their place of meeting and removed to Payson. At the first sale of lots in Payson, which took place in April, 1837, they purchased a site for a house of worship, and soon after commenced erecting a frame building upon it, the members doing the principal part of the work with their own hands. They completed and dedicated this new house in 1838, and soon after changed their name to correspond with the name of the town, and have been 6ince known as the Payson Baptist church. This second house was the home of the church for the following twenty-seven years, when in 1865 it gave place to the better and more commodious one they now occupy ; this last building costing about $6,000. Fall Creek Chapel Society. — The church was built in the summer of 1852, by George Folkvod, of Quincy, and was completed in time to be ded icated on Christmas of the same year, by the Rev. J. L. Crane, of the Illlinois conference, and the 5th street charge Quincy. There were two class-leaders, James Shinn and Thomas Crocker. At that time the oldest and most prominent members were these two class-leaders, Hugh A. Taylor, Martha Taylor, S. A. Edmonds, R. Wilton, Joseph Crocker, Robert Rankin, Jane Rankin, Washington Taylor, H. S. Taylor, Jesse Rankin, Amada Rankin, and a number of others whom we are not able to name, and who have passed to their final rest. R. L. Edmonds, who is now a resident of Payson township, was a prominent member of this church when the meetings were held at the Fall Creek school-house. There are now only six of the original members of this church living, two of them have moved away, leaving only four now in active membership. R. M. Davis 556 HISTOEY .OF ADAMS COUNTY. was the preacher in charge when the church was dedicated. The society had paid for the church and every debt incurred in its building, and has never been in debt since. The lot on which the church stands was donated by S. A. Edmonds, at the time the church was built. The society is now in a prosperous condition, and has connected with it a large and flourishing ¦ Sunday-school, which is doing great good in the moral training of the young people growing up in the neighborhood. This church has educated a number of ministers, while the Sunday-school has about 140 pupils. It has given over $5,000 for home and foreign missions, and one of its members, Mrs. Anna Scott, has devoted her life to missionary work in India. The following are the pastors who have officiated in the church: John Clark, Ezra Fisher, Jesse Elldge, Thomas II. Ford, Norman Parks, Calvin Greenleaf, William Hawker, Hamilton Robb, Charles Sparry, J. O. Met- calf, Jonathan Merriam, D. Mattock, S. W. Ferguson, L. Osborn, P. P, Shirley, Niles Kinne, Robert L. Gibson. H. C. Yates, and G. W. Huntley. RICHFIELD TOWNSHIP Is situated south of Liberty, west of Beverly, and east of Payson, and its southern boundary is the county of Pike. Three years after the organiza tion of Adams county the first settlement of this township was made, having been first settled by Jacob Franks and A. N. Penrod, in the fall of 1828. On December 6th David Lock and Joseph Linthecum came, in 1831; Dixon Tungate, N. D. Harris, in 1832; Aberdeen Mallet, in 1833. These all brought their families, and soon the township began to be filled up by a class of good and industrious people, among whom were Goldsbnry Chil ders, John B. Atherton, Sanford Harris, Solomon Cnsic, Henry C. Holm- bock, Henry Cleveland, James and Jefferson Long, Nathan Harris, I. Hun- sacker, and others. The first child born in the township was a daughter to David Lock ; hers also was the first death. The first mill was built about 1840, on McCrary Creek. It is still in good running order under the supervision of Allen Lewton, does a great amount of grinding and makes first-class flour. In 1843 the first saw mill was built but is now moved away. The first school-house was built on section 19, in 1839. The first school was taught in 1836, in a private house, by Mr- Frampton, who fol lowed the Mormons to Utah. The first J. P. was Jesse Evans, who also was the first supervisor. A. H. Pellet and Ira Tyler were supervisors for many years, the latter now filling the office. The first church was built by Samuel Lock, in 1853, a Methodist Episcopal church, on section 30. The first store was built in 1845, by Nahma Tyler, who came to the township in 1840, and located on section 16, and was engaged in merchandizing until his death, which occurred in 1858. His widow, who afterwards married Mr. P. Howard, still runs the store, which is in the town of Richfield. It is a small place, located on the line of sections 8 and 17; it contains quite a number of small dwellings, an M. E. Church, blacksmith and wagon shop, two stores. It has a daily mail, which is a great advantage over many surrounding towns. The township has seven school-houses, most of them good substantial buildings. Richfield township contains four churches, one Baptist and three Methodist Episcopal. The township is filled ud by a good class of people, intelligent, industrious, who have made homes for themselves and desirable farms. The surface of the country is quite rolling and somewhat broken. It was originally about three-fourths timber. Much of the soil is rich and productive, and the farmers have HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 557 nice looking residences — in fact, the writer must say that he found a good' kind-hearted set of people, who took pleasure in furnishing all items and dates contained in this description of the township. Many thanks to them for their kindness, and long may they live to enjoy their beautiful homes and the luxuries of an independent and easy life. SCHOOLS. Aker's School District No. 7, is a rock building constructed in 1871, at a cost of $1,000. The present board of directors are James Hendricks, S. Fruitt and M. Doran, and the first teacher was Mr. Cram. The school district has forty schools subject to taxation, and the last teacher was H. W. Forgy. Richfield District No. 1, situated in the northeast corner of the township, is an excellent school; the building is frame and well furnished. The num ber of children in the district is seventy-five, and the present board of directors are J. Bennett, J. Hendricks, J. W. Moore, and the present teacher is Sarah Jamieson. Pin Oak District. — The building, like a good many of the school " houses," is nearly ready to be replaced by a new one. The school-house is well furnished, and the school was conducted under the care of Mr. E. Sellers, who is a young man of excellent ability as a teacher. The present board of directors are James F. Young, Vincent Ridgley and A. Hull. Wagy School. — First building was built in 1845, and used for a good many years. The new building was built in 1861, and Wm. McKee taught the first school in the new building. The district has about sixty scholars subject to taxation. The present board of directors are Wm. Fusselman, Jacob Wagy, Clayton Carbaugh, and the present teacher is Mrs. McLain. ^ Morgan School formerly was a log building, and used for many years. The new building was built in 1873, at a cost of $800. The district has about seventy children, and the school averages twenty-eight scholars. The present board of directors are John Callaway, George Morgan and Thomas Gilkie; present teacher, Caroline Bel tz. Rose Hill District No. 8. — The district once had an old frame build ing, located half a mile south of the present school-house ; 'it was built in 1855, and in 1875 the new stone building was built at a cost of $800 ; is unex celled by any house in the township; is nicely furnished, and they have an excellent school, well regulated and under a good state of discipline; and the teacher, A. B. Call, who taught their winter school, will not soon be forgotten by the pupils. The present board of directors are Hugh H. Morrison, Samuel McLain and Cornelius Bradley. CHUECHES. Richfield Chapel is located in the town of Richfield; it is a fine building, put up at a cost of $1,000, and is conducted under the care of Charles Cleavland Morgan, Tyler Rice, and others; it has a large member ship, and has had some excellent ministers. Rev. W. McKendrey is present minister. The Baptist Church, located north of Richfield, is a good frame building; they do not have regular preaching. SMloh Chapel, situated on section 30, was built in 1853, by Samuel Lock, at a cost of $1,000. The first preacher was the Rev. Mr. Northcott. At the time of the organization the board of trustees was Wm. Goding, 558 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Joseph Linthecum, Henry Lyle, Wm. Holcombe, Jacob Baker and Benja min Fahs. The church has a good many members, and has had a good many different ministers; among them was Rev. Sanford Bond, who is now deceased. He was an excellent minister, and long will be remembered. The church has had many changes.. Quite a number. of the old members have died. The present board of trustees are Philip Fahs, John Callaway, Pembroke Lock arid Joseph Smiley. There is excellent Sabbath-school, under the s.uperin tendency of Philip Fahs. Northcott Chapel was built in 1854, at a cost of $500, and dedicated by Harden Wallace, June, 1854, for the Methodist denomination. The board of trustees were, at the time of organization : Thomas Orr, Simeon Fitch, and. John Havard. At the time of the organization the church numbered about fifty members, and Thomas Orr was class-leader, John Havard and Simeon Fitch stewards. Benj. Northcott was the first regular preacher, and presided over the church for two years; then Rev. Mr. Chapman one year. James Dimmett had charge of the church for two years, he was an excellent minister and left behind him a good many friends. Rev. R. W. Read had charge two years, Rev. Mr. Taylor one year, Rev. Mr. Evans one year, Rev. Curtis Powell two years, Rev. James Cabrie two years, Rev. C. Atkinson one year, Rev. Wingate Newman three years, then Rev. G. M. Spencer took charge of the church and stayed the full time allowed by the conference. It would be hard to say where to commence to eulogize him, for his whole life was devoted to the cause of Christ and his brethren. He died February 3, 1879, at Lima, Adams county, 111. Rev. Mr. Drok is the present minister. He is well liked and labors hard for his church and the good he can do for the cause of Christ. At the present writing only a few of its old members are living. • Among them are Thomas Orr and wife, Mrs. Havard, Simeon Fitch and wife, and Elder Orr and wife. Among, a few of the dead are Wm. Orr, John Havard, Mrs. McKinney, and Mrs. Bonham. The present board of trustees are Thomas Orr, W. R. Spink, M. F. Behimer, Miles Forgey, B. L. Bonham, J. M. Doran, John Gager, Mr. Beard, -and Wm. Likes. The class-leaders are F. M. Behimer, Miles Forgey, W. R. Spink, and Wm. Likes. URSA TOWNSHIP. This is one of the river-bordering townships, lying south of Lima, west of Mendon and north of Ellington. It is considerably larger than the regular Congressional, size, and embraces part of 1 north, 8 west, and 1 north, 9 west, having an area of about fifty square miles. The west line follows the irregularities of the Mississippi, and the north line the mean- derings of Bear creek. It was originally nearly all a timbered country, and is composed of table or bluff and bottom lands, in the proportion of two- thirds of the former to one-third of the latter. The uplands are beautifully undulating, and are among the very finest farming lands in Illinois. Sev eral creeks and numerous springs supply an abundance of water. The principal creeks are: Rock, which flows across the township from the east, a mile or so from its south line; Ursa, which rises in Mendon and flows west through the center; and Bear, which forms the north boundary line. The bottom lands of Ursa are large, above high water mark, and much of them are under cultivation, and include some of the valuable farms of the county. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 559 The Carthage branch of the O, B. & Q. R. R. extends through the township near the eastern border, with a station at Ursa village, thus fur nishing the Ursaites a thoroughfare of communication with Quincy and the great outside world. Samuel Groshong, George Campbell and William Worley, who came in 1825, were the first white settlers in Ursa. Mr. Groshong settled in the south part of the township, on Rock creek, where he built the first cabin ; George Campbell on the northwest quarter of section 31 ; and Mr. Worley on section 18, on the farm where Wm. McAdams now lives. The following year Robt. Beatty settled in the north part, on Bear creek, and Stanford and Steadman Smith (brothers) settled a mile and a half northwest of the site of Ursa village. In April, 1827, George Fraizer and his son James B. — now the oldest living male pioneer in the township — settled on the northwest quarter of section 31. The second marriage license issued in Adams county was to George Campbell and Mary Groshong They were married Aug. 18, 1825, by Willard Keyes, county commissioner; the first being David Ray and Rachel Thomas, daughter of John Thomas, who were mar ried July 26, 1825, by Peter Journey, county commissioner. The first birth in Ursa was Andrew J., son of George Campbell, in the summer of 1827. The first death was Thomas Campbell, George Campbell's father. Peter Vannerst opened the first store in the township in what is now known as "Old Ursa," in 1828. His stock of goods consisted of a barrel of whiskey, two barrels of salt and a few sacks of flour. He continued busi ness, with a growing stock, for many years, and acccumulated a compe tency, when he retired and went to California, where he remained till his death in 1876. Joel Fraizer, brother of James B., taught the first school, in the fall of 1828, in a little log school-house erected that year, the first in the township, on the northeast quarter of section 31, 1 north, 8 west. A. W. Shinn taught the second term soon after in the same house. The first religious society in the township was organized at the residence of Rev. Stephen Ruddell, on section 18, by himself and Rev. Jesse Bowles, in 1833 or 34, with seven charter members: Stephen Ruddell and wife, Jesse Bowles and wife, Sarah Crawford, Mary Riddle and Elizabeth Stone. Two years after they erected the first house for worship on Mr. Ruddell's farm, he donating the lot, the same on which their present fine frame edifice stands. The first mill was a horse mill built and run by David Metcalf, in 1829. The first frame building was erected by Peter Vannerst, the merchant, in 1830; he was also the first' post-master when the post-office was established by Hon. Richard M. Johnson, who gave it the name of Ursa. Although Mr. Vannerst for many years kept a store at that point, and was succeeded by the firm of J. M. Rumbaugh & H. S. Loucks, who conducted a general merchandising for a number of years, and it was the seat of the post-office, and had aplaceof entertainment known as the Ursa House, still " Old Ursa" never was regularly laid out as a village. Since its namesake was founded, in 1875, it, being less than a mile north and a railroad station, has sapped what vitality there was in the old place; so that it might truly say— if dead things ever talk — " I once lived and hoped, but one fine morning a railroad came along and I died." In 1875 William B. Smith sold off acre lots at the crossing of the pub lic road leading from Quincy to Warsaw and the O, B. & Q.R. R. Carthage branch, to Rumbaugh & Loucks, O. W. Thompson and L. K. Rudolph, who all erected buildings thereon. Rumbaugh & Loucks erected a large two- 36 560 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. story frame building tor store and hall, and two dwellings, and moved their business from " Old Ursa;" the others, being mechanics, built houses and shops. W. Shaw and M. Fawbush have fitted up a fine steam mill, with three sets of burrs and the most approved machinery, and opened for business in May, 1879 ; a new building is being completed for a drug store, and it now has the post-office, and the Christian church edifice is within its limits. Thus the young Ursa, being the first station north of Quincy, is a full- fledged railroad town with a future before it. The village of Marcelline is situated in the northern extremity of Ursa township, three miles north of Ursa, on section 31, 2 north, 8 west, and is a place of about one hundred inhabitants. It was laid out by S. M. Jenkins, about 1842. Thomas Payne, of Ellington, made two additions to the original plat, the last in 1849. A man named Wade was the first set tler on the site of the town ; he came there as early as 1830. John- W. McFaddon settled there and started a store with a stock of general mer chandise some years before the place was laid out. William Price and Thomas Payne each sold goods there years ago. Marcelline now has two general stores, owned by George Walker, present supervisor, and Thomas Leachman and George McLaughlin , a fine three-story brick building, the basement of which is used for town and church purposes, the Methodist Episcopal, Methodist Protestant and Christians worshiping in it alter nately; the second story is occupied for a school-house, and the upper one as a Masonic hall. The village also has mechanical shops, such as wagon- making, blacksmithing, etc. The Christian society worshiping there' organized in April, 1879, with eighty-nine members. Both of the Metho dist societies have a good membership and are prosperous. The old Christian society at Ursa is perhaps the strongest religious organization in the town ship; before the new church at Marcelline was organized it numbered more than 200; it has a prosperous, working Sunday-school of sixty scholars, and contributes over $700 annually for church purposes. The Free Baptists have a stone church building on the Warsaw road, a mile and a half from Ursa, but the society is not numerous nor very active. The Methodist Protestants organized a church in Ursa with nine char ter members, in the spring of 1879. Having not yet a house they meet in Rumbaugh & Loucks' hall. The staple product of Ursa is wheat, in the production of which it is not excelled by the same area of territory in this part of the State. Con siderable attention is also paid to the culture of Indian corn and fruits. The soil is exceedingly fertile and well adapted to a variety of crops. It is thickly settled, and with its fine improvements and varying landscape of smiling fields and inviting woodlands presents a scene of rare beauty and wealth. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 561 EIGHTH REGIMENT ILLINOIS NATIONAL GUARDS. Col.— Wm. Hanna, Keokuk Junction. Asst. Surg.— S. H. McClung, Mt. Sterling. Liwt.-Col.—C. S. Hickman, Quincy. Chaplain,— Edward J. Rice, Clayton. Major— C. Y. Long, Carthage. Adjt.—H, E. Selby, Keokuk Junction. Surgeon^- Maj. R. H. McMahon, Quincy. Quartermaster— O. M. Smeigh, Quincy. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Sergt. Maj.—J&s. W. Anderson, Clayton. Ord. Sergt.— Demp.Davidson, Carthage. Q. M. Sergt.— W. C. Glenn, Mt. Sterling. Z>toto Major— T. Eddy Bennett, Quincy. Com'y Sergt.— Edw. C.Cleveland,Quincy. Prm. Musicians— -F. Enlow, Keokuk Junct. Hosp.. Steward — Edw. T. Black, Clayton. " " J.B.Follansbee, Quincv CWor Sergt— 3.. W. Colwell, C. Point. QUINCY NATIONAL GUARDS. Pursuant to a call for a meeting of those interested in the formation of a military com pany, some fifty persons met at the rooms of the Citizens' Association, on the evening of October 9, 1872. Gen. John Tillson was called to the chair, and E. B. Hamilton was made secretary. A motion to proceed to the formation of an independent military company was carried ; a committee appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws; to report a name, and the cost of uniforms. Forty-three names were enrolled. An adjourned meeting, for the final organization of the company, was held at the same place, October 16 ; and the report of the Committee on Constitution and By-Laws adopted ; and the organization named' Quincy National Guards. The following officers were selected for the ensuing year : " James B. Cahill, Captain; Elisha B. Hamilton, 1st Lieutenant; Gran M. Evatt, 2d Lieutenant; John Tillson, Quartermaster; George W. Burns, Commissary; C. H. Morton, Surgeon; Rev. Sidney Corbett, Chaplain; J. B. Gilpin, Q. M. Sergeant; G. W. Fogg, Com. Sergeant. The following winter the company received from the State sixty stand of Enfield rifles. January 9, 1874, Capt. J. B. Cahill died. January 17, following, a meeting was held at the office of Wheat, Ewing & Hamilton, to pass resolutions respecting the death of Capt. Cahill. It was then decided to take active steps under the company organization. Shortly after, a room was obtained in the Powers building to be used for drill purposes. In the following spring, the company occupied Ridder's hall as an armory. At the election, May 1, 1874, the following officers were elected : Gen. John Tillson, Captain ; E. B. Hamilton, 1st Lieutenant ; Charles U. Colburn, 2d Lieiiienant ; George W. Fogg, Quartermaster ; Warren DeCrow, Commissary : C. H. Morton, Surgeon ; and the Rev F. L. Hosmer, Chaplain. In May of that year, fifty-six uniforms were purchased, and the company made its first public parade on the occasion of the decoration ceremonies, on May 30, 1874. As the guests of Company A, St. Louis National Guards, the company participated in the ceremonies of the opening of the St. Louis bridge, at St. Louis, July 4, 1874. On the eve of the company's departure for St. Louis, an elegant silk flag was presented by its lady friends. The presentation ceremony took place in Washington Square, on the afternoon of the 3d of July, 1874. In the Fall of 1874, the company received from the State eighty stand of new Spring field breech-loading rifle muskets, and, as ordered, turned their old guns over to the Quincy Veterans. At the May election, 1875, the following officers were elected : Gen. John Tillson, Cap tain; E. B. Hamilton, 1st Lieutenant; C. S. Hickman, 2d Lieutenant; George W. Fogg, Quartermaster; C. U. Colburn, Commissary; W. DeCrow, Surgeon ; and the Rev. Edward Anderson, Chaplain. I April 15, 1876, the company became a corporation, under the name of Quincy National Guard Association. 562 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY., At the May election for 1876, E. B. Hamilton was elected Captain ; Robert E. Coxe, 1st Lieutenant, and. C. S. Hickman, 2d Lieutenant. By General Order No. 3, from Adjutant General's office, of date of December 21, 1875, assigning to their respective regiments the various companies in the State, this company was assigned to the Fourth Regiment Illinois State Guards. Early in the present year a meeting of the officers of the various companies composing the Fourth Regiment, was, by order of Adjt.-Gen. H. Hilliard, directed to be held at Peoria, for regimental organization and election of regimental officers. At the meeting held in Peoria, an order was made by the Adjutant General, revoking the order assigning the company to the Fourth, and assigning it to the Eighth Regiment. UNIFORM. The uniform of the Association is, substantially, the same as that worn by the Thir teenth Regiment of the National Guard of the State of New York. It consists of dress coat and pantaloons of Cadet grey, cut to measure. The coat, Privates', has skirt faced with black ; the breast and collar are trimmed with black cord : it has three rows of Illinois State pattern gilt buttons on the breast, and buttons on skirt and cuffs. Trowsers, Privates', has black stripe, 1% inches wide, down the outer seam. Hats, dress, Thirteenth Regiment pat- torn, have gilt ornament and letters Q. G., and white cock's fountain plume. Epaulets, Pri vates', are grey and white. Drummer's uniform, same as Private's, except breast and collar of coat is trimmed with red worsted cord, and a red-worsted knot takes the place of the epaulet. Non-commissioned officers' uniform is same as Privates', except they wear grey, white and bullion epaulets, and have gold chevrons on black cloth. Officers' uniforms are the same as Privates', except they are ornamented with gold braid instead of black cord, and the coat has a gold star and bars on skirt facing, and gold bars on cuffs. The sword and belt are U. S. A. regulation. The cap is like Privates', except that it has three rows of gold lace and large white fountain plume. The National Guards were sworn into the Illinois State Guards under the military code, July 24th, 1877, as Company D, 8th Regiment I. N. G., numbering forty-two enlisted men. They were ordered out by the governor, and participated in putting down the riot at East St. Louis, doing very effective service. Capt. E. B. Hamilton commanding the Eighth Regiment, 1st Lieutenant, Robert E. Coxe, took command of the company. They partici pated in the grand review in St. Louis after the close of the campaign, being the guests of Company A, St. Louis National Guards. Upon the reorganization ot the Eighth Regiment, C. S. Hickman was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment; A. w! Littleton was elected to fill the vacaney ; Capt. E. B. Hamilton resigned and accepted a position on the governor's staff as Chief of Artillery, ranking as Brigadier-General. Robt. E.Coxe was elected Captain, and H. C. Nichols, 1st Lieutenant, to fill vacancies. The company participated in the prize drills at the Quincy fair, in 1876, taking first prize, the Quincy Veterans being their contestants ; also at Quincy fair in 1877, taking sec ond prize, the Keokuk Junction Guards being contestants ; also at the Adams county fair at Camp Point in 1878, taking first prize, the Camp Point Guards, Keokuk Junction Guards, and Clayton Guards being contestants. The company has over one hundred honorary mem bers, business men of the city of Quincy and vicinity. The active members of the company are young, energetic men of the city, many of them leading business men ; they drill every Monday night. Their armory is open to the public, and they have extended general invitations to the friends of the company to visit their armory on their drill nights and see them. Their armory is nicely arranged, having a- ladies' parlor, gun-room, dining-room and drill-room, with all necessary conveniences. The walls are beautifully decorated with flags, spears, shields, battle axes, etc. The present roster of the company, May 20, 1879 : Captain— Robert E. Coxe. 2d Lieutenant — A. W. Littleton. 1st Lieutenant — II. C. Nichols. SERGEANTS. L. W. Keller, 1st, H. Brougham, John A. Brown W. C. Powers, Frank H. Dimock. CORPORALS. B. Morehead, D. Burleigh, E. D. Young * W. H. Alexander, James R. Gardner, Charles H b'avis Dell V. C. Barker, J. O. Glenn, MUSICIANS. William A. Bowles, J. B. Follansbee. HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 563 Samuel W. Battell, John K. Bond, James P. Breed, Paul J. Byck, William H. Cadogan, Henry S. Clark, William M. Cookerly, L. H. Cook, Eugene R. Cox, A. E. Demaree, Lewis J. Duncan, Frank P. Eull, George W. Edison, Frank Ferris, Charles F. Gilpin, J. L. A. Green, PRIVATES. William W. Garrison, Charles B. Hatcher, William W. Hessey, William H. Hobbs, Moses Kaufman, Clarence G. Keath, Lem Keller, William E. King, Charles H". Kniffin, Charles H. Little, Fred W. Lebrick, Florenz J. Laage, M. M. Magill, James L. Martin, Fred H. Mason, George C. McCrone, John P. Menke, George W. Miller, Charles T. Mitchell, H. S. Praetorius, H. F. Roeschlaub, John M. Schaeffer, J. B. Smith, Will K. Shettel, C. S. Thompson, Ed. II. Turner, Jr., Ed. W. Trowbridge, Benj. G. Vasen, Percy W. Whiting, C.G.Wilson.' THE QUINCY VETERAN GUARDS Are an oftspring of the " Quincy Veteran Corps and Aid Society," which organization was formed in the Fall of 1874, and continued as such until August, 1877, when, owing to the fact that a regular militia was being formed all over the State of Illinois, and independent military companies could no longer procure arms from the State, a reorganization was necessitated, the new company adopting the name of The Quincy Veteran Guards, and, after being regularly mustered, were assigned the position of Company B, Eighth Regiment, Illinois National Guard, which position they still occupy. The purpose for which the " Quincy Veteran Corps and Aid Society" was originally organized may be learned from the following PREAMBLE : " To promote association and fellowship among the soldiers of the late war ; to keep alive the recollections connected therewith ; to protect each other's interests ; to do suitable hon ors to the memories of our deceased comrades, and to aid their families in the hour of ad versity, sickness or death ; and to establish in connection therewith an independent military organization." The first civil officers of the " Veteran Corps" were: President — Ed. Cleveland, Treasurer — John Wich, The first military officers were : Captain— William Sommerville. 2d Lieutenant — James J. Sweeney. Vice-President — Jacob Bard, Secretary — Henry A. Dix. 1st Lieutenant — Francis Aid. Quartermaster— Capt. V. Kochanvnski. Succeeding the above military officers were : Captain — R. R. McMullen. 1st Lieutenant — Francis Aid. 2d Lieutenant— F. B. Nichols The next officers elected were : Captain — Tom J. Heirs. 1st Lieutenant — Richard Hobert. 2d Lieutenant — Jacob Bard. It will probably be well to state that until the reorganization in August, 1877, none were eligible to membership excepting persons who had served in the Union army during the late rebellion. Under the present organization all able-bodied men between the ages of eighteen and forty, of good moral character, are eligible to membership. The officers elected at the reorganization, Aug. 17, 1877, were : Captain — Charles Bork. 1st Lieutenant — H. A. Dix. 2d Lieutenant — J. F. Mayback The following is a " roster" of officers and members of the " Quincy Veteran Guards," May 20th, 1879 : Captain — Henry A. Dix. Is* Sergt.— Adam Hill. 2d ¦ " Fred. Schaller. 1st Lieutenant — J. F. Mayback. 3d Sergt. — John Bohlman. ith John Blatter. 2d Lieutenant— David M. Bell. oth Sergt. — Fred Quest. Ensign — David Dustin. 564 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 1st Corporal— G.W.Stewart. 4th Corporal- 2d " White Johnston. 5th ¦ " 3d " Lewis Doty. 6^ " -John Meise. 1th Corporal — August Meise. Chas. Amburn. 8th " John McLean. S. C. Wagner. Robert K. Brougham, Chas. Bimson, Wm. Coughlin, J. R. Carrigan, Edwin Cleveland, Waller Cate, Geo. W. Chapman, Leroy Greenleaf, G. L. Green, Wm. H. Hamilton, George Johnson, Lewis Jones, J. C. Jacobs, Wm. Leacocks, J . C. Lewis, Jesse Landrum, Samuel Morgan, PRIVATES. Ed. Meyers, Rufus L. Miller, John Mitchell, Ferd. P. Mester, John H. Pool, Guy Prentiss, James Reardon, Chas. Rockenfield, Lewis D. Simmons, Harry A. Steward, Wm. H. Short, Charles A. Stewart, Charles Speckhardt, George Schaller, George L. Scheiner, Henry Strassenburg, Peter Trogden, KEOKUK JUNCTION GUARDS. J. C. Todd, A. S. Weed, John Willis, Herman Wygora, Lewis Wolfe, Micke Whalen, William Vanholt, Barney Vandenboom, Robert C. Voeth, Eli Verdlinger, George L. Schmitt, J. A. Mclntyre, George O. Castleman, Henry Ritter, A. F. Roth. The first effort at a cultivation of the military spirit among the adult population of this town occurred in 1874. Previous to that the military ardor of youth had been fostered in some degree by their elders in the customaiy forerunner of most militia organizations, a boy's company ; but during the latter part of that su mmer a number of men were drilled by Col. Hanna, to prepare them to do escort duty in October at the reunion held here of the 56th and 78th Illinois Volunteers. This was strictly temporary and informal. In the following year, 1875, an organization was effected, when William Hanna was elected Captain ; Cornelius Hennirk, 1st Lieutenant ; and H. E. Selby, 2d Lieutenant. With this organization drill was practised faithfully and with interest, a neat, cheap, " fatigue " uniform purchased, and arms obtained from the State, preparatory to a second " reunion" of the "old soldiers" during that autumn. In February, 1876, upon the first organization of the 8th Regiment, Capt. Hanna was elected and commissioned Colonel, and Lieut. Hennirk, Adjutant. In the company, Lieut. Selby was elected and commissioned Captain. In July, 1877, the new State militia law rendering a new organization advisable, Col. Hanna resigned his position in the regiment, and Capt. Selby his in the company, and Col. Hanna was re-elected and commissioned Captain of the company. Not long after this reorganization the remarkable riots occurred so universal over the country, making it need ful to obtain military aid, and Capt. Hanna's company was called with the regiment, and passed a week on duty in the field, taking a prominent and active part in the suppression of the East St. Louis riots ; so prominent, in fact, that in September following, upon the reorganization of the 8th Regiment, Capt. Hanna was almost unanimously re-elected Col onel, and Capt. Selby, Adjutant, again dismembering the company and requiring still another reorganization. The following is the result of that reorganization, with a full roster of Company E of the 8th Regiment of the Illinois National Guard, popularly known as Keokuk Junction Guards : Captain — Cornelius Hennirk. 2d Lieutenant- lst Sergeant — George W. Strickler. 2d H. G. Miller. dd 3d " John A. Dorch. 4ft teh " Harm. J. Franzen. 5th 5th " John McClintock. 6th 1st Corporal — W. B. Martin. 1th PRIVATES. Ulferd L. Albers, John G. Henrv, Hugh Anderson, Henry Hill, Gilbert W. Adams, Wm. D. Harkney, Cyrus H. Burke, George M. Kern, John Bartholomew, John Lyle, 1st Lieutenant— 3 ames A. Beckett. -William O. Downing. 2d Corporal — Harm. G. Buss. W. J. Bartholomew. W. R. Harkney. Frank Tipton. Thomas J. Clarkson. Thomas J. Outer. George E. Ross, William C. Reed, Benj. J. Robertson, Seneca Selby, Wm. T. Selby, HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 565 Theodore Bartholomew, John Belford, Robert F. Burke, Thomas J. Cooley, Benj. T. Davis, Thomas J. Downing, Henry J. Eigenberg, Reiner Gronewold, Herre Herr n, Charles F. Howard, PRIVATES. Wm. G. Lee, Joseph W. McCrey, Harvey McGill, Isaac McFarland, Wm. F. Neet, Warren C. Omer, Oliver S. Omer, Carroll K. Omer, H. Allie O'Harra, Nathaniel Pierce, THE CAMP POINT GUARDS. Abner Sears, Enos T. Stewart, James F. Smith, Charles Tipton, Henry Terrill, Charles A. Wever, Wm. W. Gallemore, J. R. Gray, Frank Enlow. The military company known as the Camp Point Guards was organized at a meeting of the citizens of Camp Point, in Centennial hall, on Friday evening, July 20, 1877, and were sworn into the State service the same evening by Col. William Hanna, of Keokuk Junction. The company then proceeded to the election of officers, with the following result : Cap tain, Richard Seaton ; 1st Lieutenant, Joseph P. Lasley ; 2d Lieutenant, Henry Folckemer ; 1st Sergeant, Jacob N. Ettinger. The balance of the officers were appointed by the com missioned officers of the company. The company is composed of a good class of citizens, ranging in age from twenty to forty-five years, and of average height. About one-fifth of the company have seen active service in the war for the Union. The company was not called out during the riots of 1877, not having received their arms until the troubles were over. At the Adams county fair for 1878 they took the third premium for efficiency in the manual of arms, marching and bayonet exercise. Should their services be needed by the State at any time no doubt but what they will respond promptly and do efficient service. ROSTER OF THE COMPANY. OFFICERS. Captain — Richard Seaten, 1st Lieutenant — Joseph P. Lasley, 2d " Henry Folckemer. 1st Sergeant — Jacob M. Ettinger. 2d " Henry C. Rogers. 3d " John Boyle. ith " John Vancil. ¦5th " Benjamin Bowen. 1st Corporal — A. D. Bates. 2d ' " James F. McGaughey. 3d " Jay De Haven. 4th " Alvin A. Dewey. 5th " Rezin A. Downing. 6th " Daniel Hunsaker. 1th " Barnet P. Cummings. 8th " Harry E. Craver. Brune F. Bruns, Joseph H. Bralert, J. W. Colwell, Regimental Color Bearer. Henry T. Conner, Charles K. Conner, Isaac Cutter, Henry N. Crippen, George Y. Downing, Latimer Ensminger, Samuel Ensminger, August Gruny, George Harmon, PRIVATES. George M. Jacobs, Jacob F. Joseph, Thomas A. Lyon, Leander J. Miller, Frederick A. Morley, C. H. Oliver, Jacob Omer, James G. Pound, Frank M. Prettyman, John W. Roth, Herman Rethmeyer, E. A. Rhea, J. W. Rhea, CLAYTON GUARDS. William R. Strickler, Robert F. Stivers, James Simmons, James M. Seaton, William M. Seaton, Wesley Simmonds, Austin B. Tolbert, Virgil G. Williams, John S. Wallace, George. M. Yeargain, Henry Zeigler. Company I., 8th Regiment, I. N. G., was organized July 26, 1878, at Clayton, with H. A. Horn, Captain; W. H. Harbison, 1st Lieutenant; A. R. Downing, 2d Lieutenant; James B. Coe, 1st Sergeant. The company was mustered in with an enrollment of sixty-two men, and in twelve hours were ordered to East St. Louis, to assist in quelling the strike of 1877. They received the order only three hours before train time, and in that time unpacked the arms, and armed and equipped fifty men for the campaign (that being all the arms the com pany had drawn), and. reported at Quincy, the headquarters of the regiment. From Quincy the company proceeded to East St. Louis, and while there acquitted themselves creditably 566 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. On Sept. 7, 1878, W. H. Harbison was elected Captain; A. R. Downing, 1st Lieutenant; S. M. Irwin, 2d Lieutenant. The following is the roster : Captain — W. H. Harbison. 1st 1st Lieutenant — A. R. Downing. 2d 2d " S. M. Irwin. 3d 1st Sergeant — James B. Coe. 4th 2d " John Hyler. r>th 3d " J. W. Marrett. 6th 4th " John Williams 1th 5th " W. B. May. 8th Musicians — A. E. Smith and Lincoln Motter. PRIVATES. Samuel Ater, J. W. Garner, N. B. Allen, George Gooley, E. D. Anderson, A. G. Garner, J. E. Anderson, Samuel Hyler, J..B. Huddleson, L. A. Burdich, A. H. Brooks, J. H. Hamilton, P. M. Brower, John Hamilton, V. A. Brown, Thomas Hills, Edwin Badgley, F. Hermetet, J. W. Bodenhamer, J. S. Hoke, John Burgerser, W. T. Harbesoh, J. N. Black, L. Hermetet, T. J. Brooks, C. T. Kendrick, G. H. Ball, P. Kemnawan, C. H. Conner, J. C. Kennawan, S. J. Croft, G. W. Keslerg, Charles Coe, A. Kirkpatrick, H. H. Curry, Orville Dodd, J. B. Lawes, S. H. McDowell, W. M. Douglass, W. E. Miller, F. M. Foster, P. Matthews, Richard Gooley, Henry Miller, C. T. Goodman, F. Meats, 1st Corporal — Monroe Babb. " Henry Hoffer. " Cylon Turner. " Thomas Moreman. " Arthur Haley. " A. A. Gross. " Abe. Barkely. ' Daniel Lucas. E. Montgomery, F. P. McClelland, Charles Marshall, E. McMurray, J. T. May, W. N. McCorkle, F. Nabell, J. Noakes, E. Plew, J. W. Potter, Jr. J. G. Peyton, G. W. Powers, M. Renshaw, E. M. Scoggan, A. Smith, L. Scoggan, J. W. Simmonds, C. Sweeny, W. A. Swope, H. A. Swisher, M. C. Williams, X. Wesenburg, W. E. Young. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 567 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND ITS AMENDMENTS. We, the^ people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the elec tors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their re spective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole num ber of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shaJl not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Yirginia ten, North Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, 'they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The 568 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the^ expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, the J^xecu- tive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of the President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment according to law. Sec. i. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sena tors and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legisla ture thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. Sec 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment re quire secresy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensa tion for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 569 breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective nouses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. Sec 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it; but if not he shall return it with his objeetions, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to recon sider it. If, after sueh reconsideration two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reeousidered, and if approved by two- thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Presi dent within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have been presented to hiin, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the- United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limita tions prescribed in the case of a bill. Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power — To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; To borrow money on the credit of the United States; To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes ; To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures; To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States; To establish post offices and post roads; To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, for 570 HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations; To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water ; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years; To provide and maintain a navy; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces; To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the dis cipline prescribed by Congress; To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful buildings; and To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such, importation, not exceeding ten dol lars for each person. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may re quire it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference: shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev enue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels ¦ bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. ,- No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: and no per son holding any office of profit or trust" under them, shall, without- the HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 571 ft consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. Sec 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confedera tion; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill Of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of- all duties and imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on ton nage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agree ment or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. Article II. Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United Siates, shall be appointed an Elector. '¦'' *Thie clause between brackets has been superseded and annulled by the Twelfth Amendment. [*The Electors shall meet in their respective 'States, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote shall be taken by states, the repre sentation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a ma jority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should re main two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-President.] 572 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, oi- inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President be elected. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of them. Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the follow ing oath or affirmation: " I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, pre serve,, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive depart ments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may hap pen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. Sec 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may on extraordinary occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagree ment between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. Sec 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 573 United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Aeticle III. Section 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. . The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. Sec 2. The judicial power shall extend, to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties, made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more states; between a state and citizens of another state; between citizens of different states; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. The trial-of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the tes timony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. Aeticle IV. Section 1. Pull faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. Sec 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in' the several states. A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof 574 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on the claim of the party to -whom such service or labor may be due. Sec 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state. Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu tive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic violence. Article V. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it neces sary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a conven tion for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Leg islatures of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three- fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suf frage in the Senate, Aeticle VI. All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. Aetiole VII. The ratification ot the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Convention between the states so ratifying the same. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 575 Done in convention ' by the unanimous consent of the states present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names. GEO. WASHINGTON, President and Deputy from Virginia. New Hampshire. John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman. Massachusetts. Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King. Connecticut. Wm. Sam'l Johnson, Roger Sherman. New York. Alexander Hamilton. New Jersey. Wil. Livingston. Wm. Paterson, David Brearley, Jona. Dayton. Pennsylvania. B. Franklin, Robt. Morris, Thos. Fitzsimons, James Wilson, Thos. Mifflin, Geo. Clymer, Jared Ingersol, Gouv. Morris. Delaware. Geo. Read, John Dickinson, Jaco. Broom, Gunning Bedford, Jr., Richard Bassett. Maryland. James M'Henry, Danl. Carroll, Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. Virginia. John Blair, James Madison, Jr. North Carolina. , Wm. Blount, Hu. Williamson, Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. South Carolina. J. Rutledge, Charles Pinckney, Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, Pierce Butler. Georgia. William Few, Abr. Baldwin. WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. Articles in Addition to and Amendatory of the Constitution of the United States of America. Proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several states, pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. Article I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 37 576 history of adams county. Article II. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Article III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre scribed by law. Article IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. Aeticle V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be de prived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Article VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. Article VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, arid no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. Article VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Article IX. The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 577 Article X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. Article XL The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to ex tend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state. Aeticle XII. The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their bal lots the person to be voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the per son voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-Presi dent, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointf ' i no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest nnmber not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the Pres ident. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this pur pose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice- President, if such number be the majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest .numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators,. and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. Article XIII. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris diction. 578 history of adams county. Sec 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro priate legislation. Article XIV. Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed; but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice-Pres ident of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty -one yeais of age in such state. Sec 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or mili tary, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an executive or judi cial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. Sec 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States autho- ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt or obliga tion incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. Sec 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this act. Article XV. Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro priate legislation. HISTOEY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 579 ELECTORS OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT. November 7, 1876. COUNTIES. Adams Alexander . . . Bond Boone Brown Bureau Calhoun . . . . Carroll .... Cass Champaign . . Christian Clark Clay Clinton.. .. Coles Cook Crawford — Cumberland . DeKalb DeWitt Douglas DuPage Edgar Edwards ... Effingham. . . . Fayette Ford Franklin Fulton Gallatin Greene Grundy Hamilton Hancock Hardin Henderson . Henry Iroquois Jackson Jasper Jefferson Jersey.,. .. Jo Daviess . Johnson Kane Kankakee . . Kendall .... Knox Lake LaSalle Lawrence... 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T^rHTHrH00CO©0*C0COm»n^'rOHjtCOT3,SOl'*'*CO GMGOrH t—ICO eo©aoce^t|cOi*TjiQ!(DI-I-iOiOtHCCI- r CO Tr1 © © £- m_rH_(J?_a^_j_ . . . o in co" t-Tef i-"cf ©"th ©"• i "- .-.-* ,-*% t __i *i**l k^> r^ I~— t, f «m»C»©C»^^COrHiOCDCO»©©N©©CO©^^inwESNOoooTfTHCincBTH coco»^^a^i^i>-^t^oseooii>Q. ©rH-q"©iH4 0SCOmr-l©©t-t-Ci Scot-rHOTjioseot-cMi-imc t-OOJCOt-T-HCOrHi-lrHCOT 0li-iCOt-(NMCO©CM0coioccOcniOffiO ^"t (COOlOrHlOeOCOCO"*-' ^hJ-w^lftrH^m^«mftrHio'"Hrrtr5fsf CO'cOt}' -XJ©CO-*COm©T^©mmCTi-ICOm©COrH-*©U50"^1COt-J>-CN(©©CQrHlQ COH O O . •- a • s _ &o a « -~C3 PI 0 m nA .BfS'O O ¦a • OB'S - u § S 2^ ?. S SS-S :* ¦ '• '¦ •ili!SII3SMfilil&sa ^ «* -- — ^* *-i - i ^-] jTi 11 r^ O rl rt kr n « " r-*< •TS'SS S 3 a 3 S S'o'S" £ £ o S 5 5-Sg fe «a S"oB S5 S POPULATION OE THE UNITED STATES. States and Terrritories. Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts..Michigan* Minnesota M.ssissippi Miscouri Nebraska Nevada NewHampsbire. New Jersey .' New York North Carolina. Ohio Ore. on. * Last Cen Area squareMiles -,722 198 931 ,674 ,120 268 000 410 809 045 318 600 ,346 776 184 8)0 451531 156 ,350 995 090280 320000 704 964244 Population. 1870. 996,992 484,471 560,247537,454125,015187,748 1.184,109 2,539,891 1,680,6371,191,792 364,399 1,321,011 726,915626,915 780,894 1,457,351 1,184,059 439.706827,922 1,721,295 123,993 42,491 318,300906,096 4,382,759 1,071,361 2,665,260 90,923 1875. 1,350,544 528,349 857,039 1,651,912 1,334,031 598,429 246,280 52,540 1,026,502 4,705,208 95, bus of Michigan taken in 1874. Miles RR. 1872. 1.671 25 1,013 820227 466 2,108 5,9043,5293,160 1,760 1,123 539871820 1,606 2.2351,612 990 2,580 828 593 790 1,265 4,4701,190 3,740 159 States and Territories. States. Pennsylvania...Rhode Island... South Carolina. Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia West Virginia.. Wisconsin Total States. Territories. Arizona Colorado Dakota Dist.of Columbia Idaho Montana New Mexico.. Utah Washington . . Wyoming Total Territories. Area in Square Miles. 46,000 1,306 29,38545,600 237,504 10,212 40,90423,000 53,924 1,950,171 113,916104,500 147,490 60 90,932 143,766 121,201 80,05669,94493,107 965,032 Population. 1870. 3,521,791 217,353705,606 1,258,520 818,579 330,551 1,225,163 442,014 1,054,670 1875. 258,239 925,145 Miles B.R 1872. 38,113,253 9,658 39,86414,181 131,700 14,999 20,595 91,874 86,78623,955 9,118 2,91 .203 AggregateofU. S. ,»,<,*. ~u .ju,u^,<,o.j . ?Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland 442,730 38,555,983 1,236,729 5,113 136 1,2011,520 865675 1,490 48S 1,725 59,587 375 1,265 60,853 PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD. Population and Area. countries. China British Empire Russia United States with Alaska. France Austria and Hungary Japan Great Britain and Ireland.. German Empire Italy Spain Brazil Turkey Mexico Sweden and Norway Persia Belgium Bavaria Portugal Holland New Grenada Chili Switzerland Pern Bolivia Argentine Republic Wurtembnrg Denmark Venezuela Baden Greece Guatemala Ecuador Paraguay Hesse Liberia San Salvador Hayti Nicaragua Uruguay Honduras San Domingo Costa Rica Hawaii Population. 446,500,000 226,817,108 81,925,40038,925,600 36,469,80035,904,40034,785,30031,817,10029,906,09227,439,92116,642,000 10,000,000 16,463,000 9,173,000 5,921,5005,000,000 5,021,3004,861,400 3,995,200 3,688,300 3,000,000 2,000,0002,669,1002,500,000 2,000,000 1,812,0001,818,5(01,784,700 1,500,0001,461,400 1,457,900 1,180,0001,300,000 1,000,000 823,1:38718,000 600,000 572,000 350,000 300,000 350,000136,000 165,000 62.950 Date oi CVnsus. 18711871 187118701866 1869187118711871 18711867 186918701870 1869 187118681870 1870 1869 1870 1871 18711870 18711870 1871 18711871 1871 iwi1871 1871 1870 Area in Square Miles. 3,741,846 4,677,4328,003,7782,603,884 204,091 240,348 149,399121,315160,207118,847195,770 3,253,029 672,621 761,526 292,871635,964 11,373 29,29234,494 12,680 357,157 132,616 15,992 471,838 497,821871,848 7,533 14,753 368,238 5,912 19,353 40,879 218,928 63,787 2,9699,5767,885 10,205 58,17166,72247,09217,827 31,505 7,683 Inhabitants to square Mile. 119.3 48.6 10.2 7.78 178.7 149.4232.8262.3 , 187. 280.9 85. 3.07 24.4 20. 7.8 441.5165.9115.8 290.9 8.4 15.1 166.9 5.34.2.1 241.4 120.9 4.2 247. 75.328.9 5.9 15.6 277. 74.9 81.8 56. 6.6.57.4 7.67.7 Pekin London St. Petersburg.. Washington Paris Vienra Yeddo London Berlin Rome Madrid Rio Janeiro Constantinople. Mexico Stockholm Teheran Brussels Munich Lisbon Hague Bogota Santiago Berne Lima Chuquieaca Buenos Ayres... Stuttgart Copenhagen.. . . Caraccas Carlsruhe Athens Guatemala Quito Asuncion Darmstadt Monrovia Sal Salvador Port au Prince . , Managua Monte Video.... Comayagaa San Domingo.. . San Jose Honolulu Population. 1,648,800'3,251,800 667,008109,199 1,825,300 833,900 1,554,9003,251,800 825,400 244,484 332,000420,000 1,075,000 210,300136,900 120,000314,100 169,500 224 063 90.100 45,000 115,400 36,000 160,100 25,000 177,800 91,600 162,042 47,000 36,60043,40040,00070,000 48,000 30,000 3,000 15,00020,00010,00044,50012,000 20,000 2,0007.633 MELROSE TOWNSHIP MELROSE: TOWNSHIP - ^wfe MELROSE TO WK SHIP MELROSE TOWNSHIP QUINCY DIRECTORY. 591 BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY. ABBREVIATIONS FOR TOWNSHIP DIRECTORY agt agent ass'n association atty attorney ave avenue Das boards bet between Co Company Cos Companies cor corner iil'.'inf'. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '.'.'. .'.'.' .'.7. Illinois' Infantry ins. agt insurance agent F}anV#; manufacture Mo- Inf Missouri Infantry n north Pr°P proprietor P,aV>"V; patent g- R- AB' Railroad Agent Kegt Regiment ?; • "a eonta u • ° United States w west QUINCY. Aalbers Bernard, laborer, Spring, w of 14th. Aaron John, farmer, 1132 Broadway. Abbe Mrs. Charlotte, 101 N. 3d. Abbott Sam'l, cooper, 627 Spring. ABEL, ADAMS (deceased); resi dence of widow, 640 Jersey street; was born in Frankfort on the Rhine in 1833; came to the United States in 1848 and located in Quincy; married Miss Mary Schracler in 1851. She was born in Prussia in 1827. They had one child, Amelia, now married. He was a tailor by trade, which he followed for ten years, then went into the wine business in Warsaw, where he lived five years and cultivated a vineyard, then moved to Quincy and opened a wine house. He died in 1876, leaving his widow comfortably provided for. Abel Mrs. Mary, 640 Jersey. Abel Wm. weigher, Eagle mils, State, near I3th. Abbott Miss Addie, 627 Spring. AchelpohJ Angust, groceries, 520 Jersey. Achelpohl J. H. blacksmith, 611 Adams. Achillis Anton, boarding, 15 S. Front. Achtormann Ed. cigar store, 15 N. 6th. Ackerman Chas. H. harness maker, 394 N. 5th. Ackerman G. G. harness maker, 1020 Jersey. Ackerman Miss Emily, cor. 8th and Cedar. Ackerman John, machinist, 8th, s of Washington. Ackerman John M. paver, 932 Kentucky. Adair James, Farmer, 520 Washington. Adams Geo. pork packer, 83 N . 8th. Adams James, pork packer, 200 N. 12th. Adams J. Quincy, cor. 10th and State. Adams Geo. A. produce dealer, 58 N. 8th. Adams Thomas S. boat store, 21 N. Front. 38 AD All Y JOSEPH, wholesale liq uors, 522 Hampshire street ; residence, 425 north 5th street; was born in Munster, Westphalia, 1834; located in this county in 1854; married Miss Caroline Hoffman in 1865. She was born in Beardstown, 111., in 1840. Their six children are Charles, Matil. da, Emma, Edward, Carrie and Joseph. He is a Democrat. He has been in this present business since 1865. AGEY JOHN S., livery and sale stable, 318-320 Hampshire street ;"residence, southwest corner 3d and Kentucky streets ; born in Indiana county, Pa., in 1832; went to Muscatine, Iowa, in 1855, and to Mt. Pleasant in 1856. He went to Lee county, Iowa, in 1860 and enlisted in the 14th Iowa Vols., Co. B; Sept. 28, 1861, appointed orderly sergeant; promoted to 1st lieutenant March 25, 1862, and captain, Jan. 1, 1863, when his regiment was reorganized ; was captured at Shiloh, April 6, 1862, and made his escape at Macon, Ga. He and six other soldiers made their escape in two skiffs down the river and reached the Atlan tic Ocean, where they were, picked up by the war steamer Wamsutta and turned over to Commander Goldsborough, June 27; ar rived at Portress Monroe July 4. # They reported to Gen. Wool in Baltimore, who sent them to Washington, where he met Senator Browning and others. He was promised a position on the staff of Gen. Herron and reported to him at Chicago, 592 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. July 14; was soon after appointed Quarter master of the paroled prisoners Aug. 2, which he held until the reorganization of his regiment in 1863 ; was mustered out Novem ber, 1864, at Davenport. He married Mary A. Laird at Fort Madison. She was born in Lawrenceburg, Ind. They have two children, Clara and Pearl L. They are mem bers of the M. E. Church. Republican. Ahern Mrs. R. 1128 Vermont. AH£BX WM., contractor ; residence, Jersey, between 8th and 9th streets ; born in County Cork, Ireland, in 1822; came to the United States in 1842, located in New York, then in New Jersey, and in Quincy in 1847. He married Cath erine Smith in 1851. She was born in County Cavan, Ireland. They have seven children, Ellie, Patrick, John I., Margaret, Katie, Eddie, and William ; are members of the Catholic Church. He has been engaged in general contracting since 1850 ; does railroad contracting, grade work, etc. AHIiAND WM., flour and feed store, 11th and Hampshire streets; born in Ger many in 1853 ; came to the United States in 1872. He was brought up on his father's farm in Germany. He is an industrious, hard-working, honest man. Ahrns H. teamster, cor. 18th and Elm. Albright Mrs. J. L. millinery, 710 Maine. Albring Mrs. Kate, widow, York, e of 8th. Aldag Chas. F. W- cigar maker, 65 S. 7th. Aldag Henry, cigars and tobacco, 605 Maine. Aldrich K. K. livery stable, 20 and 22 S. 4th. Aldrich F. H. g.ocer, 435 Hampshire. Alexander Mrs. J. B. widow, 96 S. 51h. Allen Mrs. Ann M. widow, 1220 Vermont. AEEEN HEXRY (deceased); born in Washington, D. C, 1825 ; came to this city 1847 ; married Miss Kate A. Wescott, 1850. She was born in Philadelphia, Pa., 1828. Their two children are Walter, born 1858, and K. Adella, born I860. Mr. Allen was in the milling business, being proprietor of the Centre Mills in this city at the time of his death, April 5, 1876. He was an upright, ¦ conscientious man, a good and kind hus band and father, loved by his family and friendS, and respected by all who knew him. He passed from this life in close communion with his church, being a strict a;id practical member of the Episcopal congregation. Allen Mrs. Kate, widow, 416 Jersey. Allison Thomas, carpenter, nside Maple wof 4th. Althaus G. W. wood carver, 11 N. 9th. Altheide B. 720 Madison. Altheide Joseph, cabinet maker, 819 Madison. Althoff Bernard, plasterer, w side 6th n of Ohio. Althoff Henry, cup ola tender, w side 7th not Adams. Althoff H. A. bakery, 809 Maine. Altman Clements, laborer, 926 Jersey. AliTMIX JOHN, grocery and pro- duce, 1,027 Broadway ; residence, corner 20th and Vine; was born in Prussia, 1825, and came to the United States, locating in Cin- - cinnati, 1852, in Indianapolis, 1853, and in Quincy, 1854. He married Miss Catherine Kettler in 1858. She was born in Hanover in 1832. Their children are Clara, Catherine, Frank," Amalia, and Stephen; are Catholics. He is Democrat ; was elected Supervisor in 1874, and re-elected every term since up to date, 1879. Altmix Louis, groceries, cor. Vine and 10th. Amburn H. W. pressman, 1,001 Payson ave. AMES ORESTES,farmer ; residence, Quincy; was born in Bradford county, Penn., Sept. 3, 1808 ; came to St. Clair county, this State, in 1818, with his parents, and to this county in 1824; was married twice. His first wife was Miss Sarah Tibbetts ; she was born in Maine. His second and present wife was Mrs. Malinda Hamilton, of Vir ginia. He has 80 acres of land on the Quincy and Warsaw road in a high state of cultivation. His, father,Zephaniah Ames (now deceased), was the first settler on the Payson prairie ; he took a firm stand in politics, and died as he had lived, a firm Whig, in 1884. His mother died in August, 1825. He held the office of Justice of the Peace in Elling ton township ; is Republican in politics and a member of the Protestant Methodist church. AWDERSOBJ MRS. ELIZA BETH (maiden name Marshall). Father camefrom England ; residence,5.7 N.6th street. She was born in Worcester county, Md., in Dec, 1805 ; married Mr. John Anderson in 1824. He was born in Maryland, 1795, and died 1850. Mrs. Anderson moved to Quincy with her five children, having lost three before her husband's death, and one, William S. M., having already located in Quincy some time previously. Her children's names were : Elizabeth, who married W. G. Eng lish, in Sacramento, CaL; William S. M., now a resident of Lewis Co., Mo., the pro- QUINCY DIRECTORY. 593 prietor of a large and well equipped stock farm ; Emeline, James, and Dr. John D., de ceased (the latter died in Mexico, where he traveled for_ his health) ; and Ziporah, who married Judge Sepulveda, of Los Angeles, Cal., is also dead, leaving one beautiful child, OraAneta,who is now living with her father in California. William S. M. was County Clerk of Adams county four years, and declined re-nomination on account of poor health. Mrs. Anderson is in her 73d year, has been twenty-eight years a widow, and is as smart and active as many not half her age. ANDERSON REV. EDWARD, pastor First Union Congregational Church, corner 12th and Maine ; residence, 629 Broad way ; born in Boston, Mass., 1833 ; received his education in the' east; came west in 1856 and joined John Brown in his campaigns in Kansas. He soon afterward located in South Bend, Ind., where he was instrumental in establishing the St. Joseph Collegiate Insti tute; was ordained and licensed to preach in Kalamazoo, Mich., in 1857 ; married Miss Hattie F. Shumway in 1857. She was born in Jamaica, Vt, in 1838. Three children , Henry, 'V^illiam, and Katie ; the latter will enter the University at Madison, Wis., this season, where her brother William is now a student. He went out as Chaplain of the 3,7th Illinois Volunteers, with Gen. Julius White, but soon returned to Indiana, and organized the 12th Cavalry of that state; went out as Colonel of it in the spring of 1864, and had command of the 2d Brigade of the 7th Division of the Cavalry Corps of the Mississippi; raided through to Mobile and New Orleans, and throughout the Mis sissippi Valley ; was mustered out Nov. 10, 1865, at Vicksburg, Miss. ; he then located in Ashtabula, Ohio, as pastor of a church, and in 1870, at Jamestown, N. T., he bought an interest in the Chautauqua Democrat, a weekly Republican paper, which he changed into a daily, and supported Greeley as a Liberal Republican for president. Greeley learned his trade in the office of that paper. Brook Fletcher was his associate on the Democrat. Moved to Olny, 111., in 1873, and to this city in 1874, where he was installed as pastor of the above church. The church was nearly finished when he took charge of the congregation, but it was dedicated under his charge, the dedication sermon being preached by Rev. T. K. Beecher, of Elmira, N. Y. Anton K. dyer, 716 State. ARMBRUSTER CHRIS TIAN, public garden, corner 22d and Hampshire streets; born in Wurtenburg, Germany, Sept. 7, 1833; came to the United States in 1853; located in New York ; moved to Philadelphia, then to St. Louis, and finally settled in Quincy in February, 1864; married Miss Kath- erine Grosch, Aug. 6, 1860. She was born in Prussia, Germany. He was in the lime-kiln business until 1876, when he built his fine residence at the above location, where he has laid out a handsome garden, with swings, " merry go rounds " and every feature necessary to contribute to the com fort, pleasure and amusement of the pleas ure-seeking; this is a pleasant and select resort for families. ARMSTRONG GEO. P., pattern maker, corner of 6th and York streets ; resi dence 613 York street ; born in Hempstead, Queens county, Long Island, N. Y., in 1844; moved to Buffalo, N. Y., in 1850, where he learned his trade, and located in Quincy, Nov. 1, 1871. He married Miss Jennie Wol- stenholme in 1869. She was born in Provi dence, R. I., in 1844,. Their three children are Susan, George, and Lizzie. He worked for Smith, Hayner & Co. five years ; has been in business for himself since December, 1877. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and K. of P. He is a perfect master of his busi ness, and successfully established . Arning Mrs. Mary, cor. 6th and York. Arnlng Wm. blacksmith, 215 S. 6th. Arnold Michael, Sr., carpenter, s of Elm e of 20th. Arnold Michael, Jr., Vine e of 18th. ARNTZEN HON. BERNARD, Atty. at Law, office 433 Hampshire street ; res idence, Vermont between 3d and 4th streets ; born in Prussia in 1834, where he acquired a liberal education. He came to this country in 1849, and located in this city, where he went into the drug business, which he followed four years. He then read law and attended a law school in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1856, '57, and graduated with the highest honors. He was admitted to the bar in Quincy and com menced the practice of law there in 1857, and soon secured a lucrative practice. In 1867 594 HISTORY OF ADAMS COL'NTY. he became the partner of Hon. J. H Richard son. In 1858 he was appointed City Attor ney. In 1860 he was candidate for State Au ditor against Jesse K. Dubois. He married Miss Martha M. Munn, of Quincy, 1861. She died in 1868. He was elected to the State Senate of Illinois in the fail of 1874, for a term of four years. He formed a law part nership with Hon. Ira M. Moore, January, 1876. He arrived in this city a stranger and without means, but by an active display of that energy and ability which compels recognition by all who respect w6rth and integrity, he has acquired a considerable property. Arthur I fc A. M. Awerkamp Bernard, clerk Ricker's Bank. Awerkamp Mrs. C. Lincl e of 18th. Awerkamp Mrs. Kate, 97 S. 7th. BACHMANN EORENZ, saloon, No. 600, corner 6th and Ohio streets. He was born in Bairen, Europe, March 9, 1830, and emigrated to America, landing in New York city on Sept. 18, 1 860, He went immediately to Fort Wayne, Ind., and came to Quincy Nov. ISth, 1860. He married Miss Magda- . lena Busch in New York, Sept. 18, 1860, who was born in Weizenburg, Alsace, Europe, July 29, 1828. Two children were the issue, one dead, and one living, named Alphonse G., 13 years of age. Religion, Catholic ; poli tics, Democrat. He made a pleasure trip to Europe Oct. 13, 1868, returning March 8, Bachman Sebastian, 907 Kentucky. Bachrach Moses, 304 N. 5th. Backs John G. tailor, 635 Madison. Backs Henry, brick maker, 643 Jackson. Bader Wm. A. cigars and tobacco, 9 S. 5th. BAGBY ROBERT B., (deceased); was born at Richmond, Va., 1808 ; his father died when he was four years old, and his mother seven years afterward. At 17 he went to Cincinnati and learned carpentering ; went to Louisville, Ky., and soon after to St. Louis, Mo., where he became a practical millwright ; he built the first railroad west of the Mississippi river, a circular track at one of the city parks ; he went to Green county, 111., 1835, and to' Quincy, 1837. He . built several mills on the river from Quincy to St. Paul, and had been in that business and in milling up to the time of his death. He married Miss Graves, daughter of James O.Graves; their children living are. James R., Charles H., Lucy, and Mrs. Lizzie Heitz. He was a prominent member in the Baptist church, deacon and moderator twelve years. He was loved and respected by all who knew him, for his sterling quali fies and Christian virtues as a man. Bagby John R. salesman, bds Occidental hotel. Bagby Miss Lucy, 62 N. 6th. Baker Mrs. J. F. Broadway, e of 14th. Baker Robert, cabinet maker, 25 S. 6th. Baker Wm. P. carriage maker, 215 State. Baldwin E. G. 833 Vermont. Bal'anse Joseph M. 608 Vermont. Balthrope James M. 485 N. 5th. Balzer Dan. painter, Payson ave. e of 4.h. Balzer Valentine, shoe maker, 94 S. 5th. Barbour Mrs. Sarah, widow, 709 Jersey. Bard Jacob, cigars and tobacco, ION. 6th. Barlow Patrick, laborer, Olive, s of Elm. BABK ER E. B., Justice of the Peace ; 13 North 5th street ; born in New Haven, Conn., 1824 ; located in this county in 1855 ; was elected County Judge 1861, which he held until 1865. Since that time down to the present date— 1879— he has been either Police Magistrate or Justice of the Peace. He married Miss Mary A. Frisbie, 1849. She was bom in New Haven, Conn., 1826. Their children are Lucy and Elizabeth. They are members of the Union Congrega tional Church. He is a Democrat in politics. BARIiOW JOSEPH C, manufac turer of corn planters ; residence, 317 Ken tucky street ; was bom in Bethany, Genesee county, New York, 1836; moved to this county with his father, J. K. Barlow, 1848 ; his mother was a sister of Stephen A. Doug las' father. Mr. Barlow lost his father and mother by cholera when he was only twelve years old, and has been actively in business since that time. He married Miss Eveline W. Streeter, who was a sister of Gov. Wood's first wife and was born in this city, 1837; their children are John AV., Ella M., Emily L., Joseph C, Jr., Eva E., William R., and Allie. Mrs. Barlow is a member of the First Union Congregational Church. He is a Republican. He is now Superintendent and Treasurer of the Vandiver Corn Planter Company, which is largely engaged in the manufacture of corn planters. He is the in ventor of the principal features of the three machines that they are manufacturing. The rotary, which bears his name, is the latest, and stands pre-eminent as a perfect machine. He established this manufactory in 1865 ; it was re-organized in 1870— himself Superin tendent and Treasurer. 596 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Barry Wm. saloon, cor. Vine and 8th. Bartels C. F. laborer, 6th, n of Jefferson. Bartelt Fred, cooper, 1021 Ohio. Bartelt Fred, book keeper, 21 S. 9th. Bartelt Gerhard, 1104 Adams. Bartelt Henry, cor. 9t h and Ohio. Barth John, 1114 Maine. Bartlett Mrs. Julia, widow, 629 Oak. Bartling Mies Anna, 906 Monroe. Bartling Henry, Monroe, bet. 9th and 10th. Barten John, laborer, 822 Monroe . Barton Mrs. Melinda, 49 S. 8th. Barton Otis B. postal clerk, 729 Broadway. Bass John W. eggs and butter, 407 Broadway. Bass S. G. dealer in eggs and butter. 407 Broadway. Basse August, jewelry, 518 Maine. Basse August, Sr., 518 Maine. BASSETT MOSES F., physician and surgeon, office, 629 Hampshire street; residence, Tremont House. He was born in Windsor county, Vermont, June 27, 1821. At the age of fifteen he chose the medical profession, and went to Albany, New York, pursuing the necessary literary and medical studies at Albany, and Worcester, Mass. Practiced medicine in Barnstable county, Mass., from 1841 till 1853 ; came to Quincy in 1853 and has been actively engaged here in his profession ever since. During the war of the Rebellion he was surgeon in the Government service for the fourth district of Illinois, and afterward for several years Pen sion Surgeon. He is not in any sense a poli tician and devotes all his time and energies to his profession. Basters Wm. porter, 275 S. 9th. Bastert H. C. 802 Payson ave. Bastert P. H. packer, 711 Payson ave. Bastert Wm. porter, cor 8th and Washington. Battels Mrs. Mary A. 1240 Broadway. Battner H. stone cutter, cor. 8th and Washington. Bauer Henry, feed store, 57 S. 5th. Baugbman Geo. 623 Jersey. Biughman Wm. E. J. 623 Jersey. BAITMANN DAMION, boot and shoe maker, 120 South 7th street ; residence, same; was born in Herbelsheim, Baden, Europe, Sept 27, 1817 ; emigrated to Amer ica via New York City, Jan. 6, 1856, going from there to Chicago, remaining one year ; then came to Quincy, following his trade. Married Miss Louisa Bergen in Quincy, Jan. 17, 1865 ; she was born in Eslingen, Wurtem- burg, June 12, 1829, and emigrated to Amer ica via New York City in 1865, going/lireet to Quincy. One child, Willie, born March 28, 1866, and two adopted children, Knthe- rine, aged 21, and Magdalena, aged 16. AVife, Lutheran; father and children, Roman Catholic. Baumann E. meat market, 20 N. 6th. Baumann Emeraw, Lind, e of 18th. Baumgartner Alex L. 1107 Hampshire. Baumgartner Otto, saloon, 503 Hampshire. Bean Mrs. Elizabeth, widow, 344 N. 5th. Beard Jas. A. 18th, s of Kentucky. Beatty Erde, blacksmith, 36 N. 12th. Beatty Thos. wagon manufacturer, 1134 Hampshire. Beck John W. carpenter, Spring, w of 15th. BECKER CHARLES, butcher, 919 State street. He was born in Binnecken- stehi, Regierungs-bezirk Northausen, Prus sia, Feb. 11, 1825, and emigrated to America with his parents in 1836, landing at New Orleans, remaining one year in St. Louis, Mo., and then came to Quincy early in 1838, the place then being in its infanc}-, his par ents being among the first settlers. He mar ried Miss Margaret Kem in Quincy in 1851 ; she was born in Eisermacht, Europe, in 1831, and emigrated to America, landing at New Orleans, then direct to Quincy in 1839 in company with her father and' brother. Four children : Anna, aged 16 ¦ years, Christ, aged 9 years and 6 months, Carl, 7 years, and Emma, 3 years. Religion, Lutheran; politics, Independent. Mr. Becker is intimately acquainted with ex- Gov. Wood, and worked for him one year, and the friendly feeling and business trans actions continue to this day. At the time of his arrival in Quincy 'what is now State street was a large wheat field, and he bound wheat or at noontimes killed rabbits for pleasure. Property, real and personal, val ued at $50,000. BECKER JACOB, cooper and beer-brewer, 7th and Adams streets. He was born in Oberhochstadt, Rhein Pfiatz, Europe, October 6th, 1840; emigrated to America, and landed in New York city April 27, 1868, going directly to Quincy, 111. Married Miss Catharina Beerken in Quincy, Sept. 28, 1871, who was born in Badingen, Baden, Europe, Aug. 14, 1844; two,children, Catharina, aged two years and dix months, and Eva, aged three months. Was a soldier under the King of Bairen, in the 1st Kurasier regi ment, from 1862 till 1868. Religion, Luth eran.Becker J. E. crller. 1034 Monroe. Becker Mike, beer brewer, 9th and Harrison. Beckhaus Charles, cabinet maker, 930 Vine. c^. <& /$a^&ud&, cdb,xt. QUINCY QUINCY DIRECTORY. 597 Beckwith James, freight agent H. & St. J. R. R cor. 5th and Spruce. Beebe Albert, tobacco manufacturer, cor. Kentucky and 4th. J BEEBE SIEAS (deceased), was born in Chautauqua county, N. Y., in 1808. His parents were Amos and Lois (Pier) Beebe. ^They emigrated to Pike county, 111., in 1821, two years before the State was orga nized, and settled on the creek which now bears their name. They removed to Adams county in 1823 and settled in Fall Creek township on the farm where Mr. Beebe re mained until his death, which occurred May 3, 1856. He first married Lucinda Dupee in 1831 ; she was a native of Kentucky. They had two children, Albert— late of the firm of Harris, Beebe & Co., of Quincy, proprietors of one of the largest tobacco manufactories in the United States— and Amanda, now the wife of William Bowles, residing on the old homestead in Fall Creek township. Mrs. Beebe died in 1836. Mr. Beebe married for his second wife Miss Eliza Hunsaker, by whom he had one child, Mary E., now Mrs. Dr. George Morris. Mr. Beebe was highly respected as a citizen of the county with which he became so early identified, and was noted for his industry, enterprise and hospitality. The old homestead on which he planted more than half a century ago is owned and occupied by his two daughters and their families. Bebnan Mrs. Margaret, cor. 14th and Hampshire. BEHRENS H., (of Behrens & Ohlschlager,) grocery and provisions, corner 4th street and Maiden Lane; was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1837; came to the United States in 1857, and located in Cincin nati, Ohio ; was in Louisville, Ky., Louisiana, and Missouri, and located in Quincy in 1866 ; he married Alvena Ohlschlager in 1865 ; she was born in Indiana and raised in Cincin nati, Ohio; they have two children, Aldo, and Archibald. He is a member of the Ma sonic order, Haragara, and A. O. U. W. He has been in business twenty-one years as a grocer ; thirteen years for himself. Keeps a full stock of general groceries, produce and provisions on hand. Behrens Mrs. Minnie, >aloon, cor. 14th and Bread- way. , BEHRENSMEYER C. D., con tactor and builder, Payson ave. between 9th and 10th streets ; residence, same. He was born in Eidinghausen, Regierungs-bezirk, Preus-Minden, Prussia, Europe, Dec. 31st, 1837, and emigrated to the United States with his mother, arriving at New Orleans, La., Nov. 15, 1857, coming direct to Quincy. He married Miss Wilhelmina Carolina Becker, in Quincy, Feb. 26, 1861 ; she was born in Eidinghausen, Prussia, Europe, March 3, 1836, and came to America, landing ^t New Orleans, Nov. 15, 1857, going direct to Quincy; seven children; one dead and six living : Carl Phillip Edward, born Nov. 17, 1862; Frederica, born April 7, 1865; Amanda Bertha, born August 21, 1867 ; Mar tha Amelia, born Sept. 2, 1869 ; Carl Dieder- rich, born Jan. 8, 1872, and Franz Phillip Ernst, born May 5, 1875. Religion, Luth eran; politics, Republican. Is a member of Adams Lodge No. 365, 1. O. 0. F., of Quincy. Property, real and personal, estimated at $10,000. BEHRENSMEYER C. F. A., groceries, dry goods, etc., northwest corner 8th and Washington streets ; born at Eiding hausen, Prussia, Europe, in 1835; landed in New Orleans in 1856 ; came to Quincy, 111., same year ; married Miss Maria Beilstein at Quincy in 1861 ; she was born in Quincy in 1842; five children, named respectively: Paulina E., Charles F. A., George P., Lydia L., and Edward F. Has conducted the grocery and dry gbods business for eleven years at the above mentioned place. Is a carpenter by profession. Religion, Luth eran. Worked at the carpenter business till 1866. Behrensmeyer Ernst, molder, cor. 13th and Jefferson Behrensmeyer Henry, packer, 116 S. 7th. BEHRENSMEYER H. E., cigar manufacturer (No. 66.) and store, 154 S. 7th street ; residence, Jefferson and 13th streets ; was born in Eidinghausen, Kreis Herford- Regierungs-bezirk, Minden, Europe, Oct. 25, 1856 ; emigrated to America via New York city, with his mother, brother, and three sisters, Oct. 18, 1870, going direct to Quincy. His father emigrated to America in 1868, and died in Quincy, Sept. 28, 1877. Is a member of Salm's (Lutheran) choir. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Independent. Store and contents estimated at $700. BENHOFF AUGUST, blacksmith, 598 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. corner 9th and State streets ; residence, cor ner 6th street and Payson avenue; was born in Heuhel, Hanover, Europe, in 1834, and emigrated to America, landing at New Orleans, La., in 1854; from there he went by boat to St. Louis, Mo., where he remained twelve years following his trade of black smith, and then came to Quincy, 111., in 1866. Married Miss Carolina Veanop in St. Louis, Mo., in 1859. She was born near Erford, Europe, in 1834, and emigrated to America in 1852. One child, named Carolina F. K., who died in 1860, aged two years. In 1868 Mr. and Mrs. Benhoff adopted two children, Carolina, now aged fifteen years, born in St. Louis, Mo., and August, fifteen years, born in Quincy, 111. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Democrat. Is a member of Quincy Grove Lodge No. 10, U. A. O. D., and the General Benevolent Association of Quincy. Property, real and personal, valued at $6,000. Benneson Henry S. foreman, 218 York. Benneson James A. jeweler, 530 Hampshire. Benneson Nath. D. carpenter, 113 N. 4th. BENNESON ROBERT H., en gineer No. 1 engine, Fire Department ; resi dence corner 5th and Vermont streets ; born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1841; located in Quincy, in 1855 ; married Cinderella J. Hol- comb in 1867 ; she was born in Virginia in 1838 ; have two children, Olive C. and Robert H., Jr. He has been connected with the Fire Department since 1858, and engineer in the paid department since 1868, and has been engineer since his first appointment, same year; is a member of the A. O. U. W. and I. O. M. A. BENNESON ROBERT S., re tired ; residence, 214, Jersey street ; born in Newcastle county, Delaware, in 1807 ; moved to Philadelphia in 1828, and to Quincy, Illinois, in 1837. He married Electa A. Parks in 1842. She was born in Vermont in 1810. Have four children : Alice A., An nie J. Caroline and Cora Agnes. Are mem bers of the Unitarian Church. He is a Republican. Seeing the necessity of raising funds to put the public schools in a more ef. fective condition, he got up a petition to the Legislature for a tax of 12J^ cents upon $100 of the assessed value of property in the city, to be used under the control of the proper officers for school purposes, which was granted. He was Alderman six years, and Mayor in 1859. He was a stock-holder in the Quincy Savings Bank, and director of the First National Bank, and one of the incor porators of the gas company, and president of it six years, and a director since its orga nization. He was in the lumber business in 1840, and shipped by steamboat from Cairo, Ohio, the first lumber he sold in Quincy, His youngest daughter, Cora A., is studying law. BENNESON WM. T., undertaker No. 19 N. 6th street ; was born in Philadel phia Pa., March 7, 1836 ; married Miss Harriet Johnson, March 30, 1859. She was born in Delaware county, Pa., Oct. 11, 1833. They have six children, four sons and two daugh ters. He is senior of the firm of W. T. & H. S. Benneson, furnishing undertakers, at No. 19, N. 6th street; is Republican, and a member of the Baptist Church. He enlisted in Company B, of the 116th Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteers in the spring of 1863; served during the balance of the war. • Benning John, clerk, 640 Maine. Binseik John, stone quarrier, Washington w of 8th. BENTLER JOSEPH, dry goods, groceries and saloon, 721 Adams street, be tween 7th and 8th streets; residence, same; was born in Delbrilk, Regierungs-bezirk Minden, Prussia, April 8, 1841 ; emigrated to America; arrived at New Orleans in 1855, going direct to Fort Madison, Iowa, and lo cated at West Point.Iowa; remained until the civil war broke out in June, 1861 ; enlisted in Fremont's Body Guard ; after the resignation of Gen. Fremont was incorporated in the 5th Iowa Cavalry, and served three years; was honorably discharged at Nashville, Tenn. He returned to West Point, and shortly after ward located in Knox county, Mo., where lie remained seven years. In 1876 came to Quincy and opened his present store. Mar ried Miss Anna Henning at Edina, Mo., Jan. 19, 1870 ; she was born in St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 14, 1854. Four children : Clara, aged seven years ; Joseph, five ; Elizabeth, three, and Anna Maria, aged six months. Roman Catholic. Democrat. Was with his regi ment until the last nine months of service' when he was detailed as aid-de-camp under the direct command of Gens. Sherman and Thomas ; participated in the battles of Fort McHenry, Fort Donaldson, Murfreesborough, Tenn., Chattanooga, and Atlanta. He was a (JUINCY DIRECTORY. 599 bugler in his regiment, being the only one who returned safe, and never missed a call. Is a member of St. Joseph's Benevolent Asso ciation of Quincy. Real and personal prop erty estimated at $1,500. Bentrup Harmen, carpenter, 11th s of Jefferson. Bentrup Pe er, clerk, 8th n of Adims. Benz Frank J. carpenter, 652 Payson ave. BENZ GEORGE, grocery and sa loon, southwest corner of 7th and Pay son Ave. ; was born in Lauterbach, Obeskerch, Grand Duke of Baden, April 2, 1829; enlisted in the German army, 3d Infantry Battalion, 2d Company, May 1, 1851, in Monnheim. He ¦left Germany June 28, 1854, and arrived in the United States August 29, same year; located in Cincinnati, Ohio, and worked at his trade as carpenter. He married Maria M. Hilderbrand April 22, 1856. She was born in Obeskerch Germany, Aug. 2, 1829. They were married in St. John's Church, Cincinnati, Ohio, and located in Quincy, in 1857, where he followed his trade of carpenter until 1872, when he went into the grocery and saloon business at the above location. , He has two boys and seven girls : Maria A. bom Feb. 17, 1857 ; F. Joseph, born Aug. 3, 1859 ; George L.,born July 27, 1861; Sophia, born June 25, 1863; Maria M., born July 24, 1865 (died June 2, 1877) ; KatherineT.,born June 21, 1867 ; Maria F., born Dec. 30, 1869 (died June 12, 1878); Emma O, born Oct. 3, 1871, and Yeta, Oct. 16, 1873. Berblinger John G. prop. Old Farmers' Home, 521 Hampshire street. Berger Wm. 520 Maiden Lane. BERGMANN CHRIST, grocery .-.. and saloon, 8th between' Adams and Jackson streets, residence same. He was born in Steinbach, near Erford, Prussia, June 14, 1835, and emigrated to America with his pa rents in 1846, via New Orleans, La., he going from there to St. Louis, Mo., and from there to Marion county, Mo. ; leaving that place in 1850, going to California ; returning in 1852 to Quincy, 111. In 1859 he started to Pike's Peak, and from there took another trip, via overland, to California, returning to Quincy, 111., in 1870. He married Miss Reka Beermann, in Quincy, Nov. 9, 1872. She was bom near Herford, Europe, in 1850. They have two children, H. Willie, five years, and Margareta Clara, aged one year and two months. Religion, Catholic ; politics, Demo crat ; real and personal property valued at $1,200. Bernard J. C. 158 N. 6th. Bernard Mrs. Kate, 1110 Spring. Bernbrock Mrs. Caroline, cor. 20th and Elm. Bernbrock Wm. book-keeper, cor. 20th and Elm. Bernheimer Chas. 151 N. 4th. Bemheimer Jerome, clothing store, 409 Hampshire. Berntzen Miss Lizzie, 423 Broadway, Berrian Benj. F. County Judge, 254 N. 12th. Berry Wm. W. atty. at law. 522 Maine. Berstecher John, tailor, Ohio w of 11th. Bert Dan. C. salesman, 1475 Hampshire. Bert Geo. machinist, 117 S. 7th. Bert John L. carpets, etc., 6 N. 4th. BERTER WILEIAM, boot and shoe manufacturer, 113 South 6th street; res idence, 525 Kentucky street; was born in Gesker, Kreis Kosfeld, Regierungs-bezirk Munster, Prussia, Europe, Nov.21, 1850; emi grated to America, landed at New York City, May 1, 1869, going direct to Cincinnati, Ohio ; staid one year, then went to Quincy. He married Miss Wilhelmina Wissing,in Quincy, 111., Nov. 21, 1876. She was born in Quincy, 111., Dec. 14, 1854. They have one child, Maria Katharina, born Jan. 1, 1877. Religion, Roman Catholic; politics, Democrat; is a member of St. Boniface Benevolent Associa tion, and Johannes Savings Institution; real and personal property estimated at $500. Besling Bernard, painter, cor. 10th and Cedar. Besser Geo. plasterer, 22 S. 8th. Best Geo. contractor and builder, 92 S. 5th. Best Jno. H. Sr. 17 S. 3d. Best. J. H. Jr. R. R. Agt. cor. 8th and Ced.r. Bester Peter, porter, 711 Payson ave. Besten Henry, cor. 8th and Adams. BICKHAITS, A. C, file cutter, 1120 Broadway; born in Prussia, Germany, in 1849 ; came to United States 1867 ; married Emma Seifer in 1872. She was born in Cincin nati, Ohio. They have three children, Lizzie, Dena, and Henry. They came to Quincy in 1867. He has been in business nine years. He manufactures by hand only, all kinds of rasps and files ; politics, Republican. He is assistant foreman of Water Witch No. 2, fire engine volunteer department; has been a fireman since he came to Quincy, and is prominent in all public enterprises. Bickhaus Chas. cabinet maker, Vine w of 10th. Bicksel Joseph, expressman, 1024 Jersey. Bickel Henry, stone cutter, Ohio near 6th. Bickelhaup!; John, blacksmith, 400 M»iden Lane. Bietelstein Philip, teamster, cor. 11th and State. 600 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Bietelstein Theo. driller, 519 Payson ave. Biebigbeuser Henry, painter, Jefferson e of 6th. Bimson Mrs. Jane (widow), 62 N. 6th. \ BINKERT ANTON, County Treas urer; residence, 1121 Maine street; was born in Baden, Germany, in 1836 ; came to this country with his parents the same year and located in Quincy ; married Miss Ellen Beat ty in 1863. She was born in this county in 1838. They have four children, John P., Thomas F., William J. and Mary Ellen. He went across the plains to Colorado in 1859 ; returned the same fall ; made the trip each of the years, 1859, 1860 and 1861. He was in the army in a civil capacity from 1861 to 1864, when he returned to this city and en gaged in the mercantile business. Novem ber 1, 1877, he was elected County Treasurer, and assumed control in January, 1878 ; served as Alderman of the 5th Ward one term, and City Collector two terms. He is a faithful and efficient officer. Binkert Bros. (Thomas and Damion B.) grocers and dry goods, cor. 12th and Hampshire. BIRDSAEE FRANK, Agent Erie North Shore Dispatch and Fast Freight Line, office 14 North 4th street ; residence, 311 Jer sey street ; born in Seneca county,New York, 1839 ; went to Buffalo, New York, in 1853, as freight clerk of Buffalo and Niagara Falls, and Buffalo and Lockport Railroad ; to Mil waukee, Wis., in 1856, as freight agent of Mil waukee and Horicon Railroad ; to Chicago, in 1864, as chief clerk in general ticket de partment, of C, R. I. & P. R. R., and in 1875 as traveling agent for " Diamond Line Fast Freight," and in 1877 as traveling agent of Erie and North Shore Dispatch, and 1878, agent of Erie and North Shore Dispatch and Fast Freight, Quincy. He married Nora M. Burke, 1861. She was bom in the City of Dublin, Ireland, daughter of Dr. Joseph Burke, of that city. They have four chil dren : Samuel F. Frank R., Edward L., and Nora Maria, Catholics. He is an Episcopa lian. In politics a Democrat. He is the third son of the Hon. Samuel Birdsall, Democratic Judge and Congressman, and Serene Fosgate, daughter of Dr. Beela Fos- gate of Auburn, New York. Birt Mrs. Barbara, 36 S. 7th. BISHOP JAMES M., insurance, corner 5th and Maine streets; was born in Readfield, Maine, June 24, 1835. Came to this city in August, 1855. Married Miss Elizabeth N. Cleaveland May 30, 1861. She was born in this city. They have two chil dren, Frank M., born April 27, 1862, and Edgar W., born Dec. 26, 1867. He is agent for ten insurance companies, native and foreign, with aggregate assets of $154,090,- 000. He is one of the most energetic and enterprising citizens, and one of those to whom Quincy owes her present and looks for her future prosperity. Republican in politics and a member of the Unitarian Church. Bishop O. H. constable, 415 State. BISSER THEODORE, fisherman, corner 6th street and Payson ave. He was born in Preusgau, Baden, Europe, Nov. 9, 1839, and came to America, landing at New York city in 1865 ; from there he went to Maunch Chunk, Pa., where he remained four weeks, and then went to Quincy, Hi., where he arrived early in 1866. Married Miss Theresa Mast in Quincy, 111., June 16, 1868; she was born in Falgheim, Baden, Europe, in 1843. Six children, two dead and four living: Maria Theresia, aged nine; Theodore, five ; Franz, four, and Jacob, nine months of age. Religion, Catholic. Poli tics, Independent. Is a member of St. Joseph's Building and Benevolent Associa tion, of Quincy, and St. Boniface Society. Bisinger Isidore, carpenter, 11th n. of Hampshire. BITTER JOHAN HEIN- RICH, of the firm of F. W. Menke & Co., stone-cutters and contractors; office, Front street, between State and Ohio ; resi dence, 817 Washington street. He was born in Laar, Kreis Herford, Regierungs-bezirk' Minden, Europe, Aug. 3, 1834, and emigrated| to the United States, landing at New Orleans in 1852, coming direct to Quincy, and follow ing his trade of stone-cutter. Married Miss Annie Menke in Quincy, 111., in March, 1S55 ; she was born in Elferdissen, Kreis Herford, Regierungs-bezirk, Minden, Europe, Feb. 9, 1834, and came to America in 1852. Six children : Henry, born June 17, 1857 ; Han nah Frederika Carolina, born Nov. 20, 1859 ; Johan Wilhelm Eduard, born April 4, 1864; Anna Wilhelmina, born Dec. 3, 1868 ; Anna Lidia, born May 11, 1871, and Anna Amanda Emelia, born March 3, 187)5. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Republican. Is a mem ber of Adams Lodge No. 365, I. O. O. F., QUINCY DIRECTORY. 601 Allen Encampment No. 4, I. O. O. F., and the General Protestant Widows and Orphans Benevolent Association of Quincy. Bitter Wm. carpenter, Jefferson e. of 9th. Bittich Philip, works for Geo. Ertel. BEAKESEEYASA W., Justice of the Peace. Residence, corner Sth and Spring streets. Was born in Madison county, N. Y., in 1818. Located in Han cock county, 111., in 1841, and in this county in 1846. He took charge of the female de partment of the public school of this city in 1847, which position he held until April, 1854, when he was elected City Clerk, which he held five years. He was County Superin tendent of schools in 1856-7. In Nov., 1859, he was appointed Superintendent of the Quincy and Toledo R. R., and served till 1861. He was a member of the Board of Education seven years, and Superintendent of Public Schools in the city in 1861, and elected Police Magistrate in 1862, and also in 1866, and re-elected in 187 7. He has been Notary Public twenty-four years in succes sion. He married his present wife, Mary L. Watson, in 1850; his three children are Martha A., Marion and Belle ; they attend the Unitarian Church. He is a Democrat. BlakesUe Mrs. W. 613 Broadway. Blafesley Willis, pilot, 87 N. 8th. BEANEY JOHN T., dealer in sew ing machines, No. 634 Maine street. Gen eral agent" for the White Sewing Machine. This machine possesses more advantages and satisfies those who use it better than any other machine on the market. We beg to call your attention to a few of the many ad vantages combined in it: 1st— It is' the lightest running shuttle sewing machine. 2d. — It has more capaci ty and power than any other family sewing machine. 3d. — It is not complicated with cog-gear nor large cams. 4th. — It is the simplest and best con structed machine. 5th. — Its working parts are case-hardened iron or steel, and so ar ranged that any wear can be taken up simply by the turning of a screw. 6th. — It has a steel feed on both sides of the needle. 7th. — Its shuttle is comparatively self-threading, made of solid steel, and carries a larger bobbin than almost any other family sewing machine. Sth. — Its works are all encased and free from dust, and so arranged that neither garment being sewed, nor the opera tor, will become oiled. 9th.— It has a device by which bobbins can be filled without run ning the entire machine, thereby relieving it from wear for this purpose, as also relieving the operator of the necessity of removing the work or attachments, as is the case in nearly all other machines. 10th.— It has a self-setting needle. 11th.— It is elegantly ornamented and finished, and its cabinet work is unsurpassed. The result of this combination is the "White," the most dura ble, the cheapest, best and largest family sewing machine in the world. If you need a machine, try it. You will like it and buy it. Also keeps needles and oils for all ma chines, and attends to repairing. Blanke Mary, 908 Kentucky. Blarsh R. teamster, cor. 5th and Jeffeison. Blase Bernard H. tailor, 534 Pajson ave. BlaBland S. A. 1415 Hampshire. Blatter Geo. W. laborer, 11 S. 10th. BLESSING HOSPITAE, south side of Spring street, between 10th and 11th streets.Bleyer Chae. E. agent U. S. Law Assn., 500 Maine. Blickhan John, 819 State. Blome Isaac, second-hand store, 638 Hampshire. Blomer Henry, pork packer, Broadway e. of 14th. Bloom Mrs. C. Broadway w. of 22d. Bloom John, stone cutter, 169 n. Sth. Blumer Mrs. Christina, 1025 Hampshire. Blutgut Joseph W. liquor dealer, 619 Maine. Bockenfeld J. A. marble cutter, cor. 3d and Maine. Bockenfeld John W. saloon, 831 Maine. Bockenfeld Miss L'zzie, 1246 Vermont. Boecke Ernst, cabinet maker. 708 Ohio. Boeckenhoff Henry, baker, 1034 Maine. Boebmer Fred, laborer, 1024 Vine. Boers B. H. laborer, 9'b n. of Em. Boerter Henry, blacksmith, 623 Oak. Boes Henry, milkman, cor. Chestnut and 12th. Boesing Bernard, brick layer, 717 Ohio. Boettle John, cooper, 624 Adams. Boge Ernst, carpenter, Madison w. of 10th. Boblman John H. tailor, 22d s. of 5th Bollinger John, blacksmith, 723 Kentucky. Bomgardner J. W. 151 N. 9th. Bomgardner Wm. E. book-keeper, 242 N. 5th. Bond Mrs. Catharine. 629 Broadway. BOND GEORGE (deceased); was born in Watertown, Mass., in 1814, and came to Quincy in 1834, with a party of Eastern people — Capt. Pease and family. He went back to Massachusetts in 1335, making the 1,200 miles on horseback, there being no railroad ; on his return, in the fall of that year, he engaged in the dairy business ; later he went into the confectionery and grocery business, and was senior partner in 602 HISTORY OF ADAMS CODNTY. the firm ot Bond, Morgan & Co. He after wards went into the pork-packing business, and did a very extensive business, having a few others associated with him, as the firm of Bond, Pomroy & Co. He was a member of this firm for twenty-four years ; when he withdrew it dissolved permanently, he being the principal business man of the firm. He was the pioneer ice-man of Quincy, and was one of the largest stock-holders in the First National Bank of Quincy, and director up to the time of his death, and was also direc tor in the Q. M. & P. R. R , and member of the Construction Company which built it; was Alderman of the third ward two terms. He married Miss Catharine Kimball in 1849 ; she was born in New Hampshire July 5, 1820 ; two children : Catherine H. and John B. K. He died in this city in 1867. Had one son by a former marriage, who was killed during the late war. Bonnet David J. 511 Jersey. BONNET JOHN J., foundry, cor ner Ohio and Front streets; residence, 511 Jersey street; born in Wurtemburg, Ger many, in 1830; came to this country with his parents in 1833, and located in Zanesville,- Ohio; came to Quincy in 1856; married Margaret Sauber in 1860 ; she was born in Quincy in 1832; they have five children: Louisa, James W., Charles, George, and Lorenzo. Member of M. E. Church. Green back in politics. He is the senior member of the firm of Bonnet, Duffy & Co., stove foundry. BONNEY J. W., physician and sur geon, 415 Hampshire street; born in Som- merville, in 1828 ; located in Clark county, Mo., in 1846, and in this county in 1860; he studied medicine in Utica, N. Y; commenced practice in 1846 in Clark county, Mo.; he married Miss Eveline H. Worthing- ton in 1848 ; she was born in Marion county, Mo.; have five children: Wm. W., Oscar P., Fannie A., Josie L. and Samuel H. The doctor is a solid Democrat, and has a large practice in his profession. BOON MAITEAND. real estate dealer, 4th and Maine streets; residence, corner 12th and Vine; born in Jefferson county, N. Y., in 1834 ; located in this city in 1856 ; married Miss Emily L. Tillson in 1859 ; she was born in this city in 1838 ; their five children are : Helen E., Maitland, Mary, Lottie and Sarah. Mrs. Boon is member of the Presbyterian Church. He is a Demo crat. He started the first bank of issue in this city in 1856, of which he was cashier. In 1860 he went into the business of manu facturing horse equipments and infantry ac coutrements for the State and United States, equipping over 100,000 men in the four years they were in the business (Mr. R. Till son being in the business with him). In 1865 he went into real estate business. He was Mayor of the city in 1866, and Alder man several times. Boon W. S. farmer, 23 N. Iltb. BORK CH4REES, sewing ma chine agent, corner 11th and State streets; was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Europe, Feb ruary 2, 1844; emigrated to America with his parents in 1854, stopping at Peru, La* Salle county, 111., till 1862, when he enlisted in Co. B., 104th Regt. 111. Inf. serving three years; was honorably discharged at Chicago, his time of service having expired. During term of service was never absent from his company except when detailed for special duty; took part in all the actions of his regi ment from Nashville, Tenn., to the Gulf of Mexico ; taken prisoner at Hartsville, Te#n. and exchanged three weeks afterward ; mar ried Miss Anna Dauman in Quincy, April 8, 1871 ; she was born in Harresleben, Den mark, in 1848; came to America in 1869; landed at New York, going to Shelbina, Mo. ; came to Quincy in 1870 ; two children: Anna Elizabeth, aged five years, and Liza, aged two years and six months. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Republican. Is a mem ber of Washington Grove, No. 3, U. A. O.D. Was commissioned by Governor Cullom Captain of the Quincy Veteran Guards (8th Regiment Illinois National Guards), dating from August 18, 1877 ; served with his com pany in the East St. Louis riot of 1877. Bornmann Henry, printer, Sth s of Harrison. Borstadt George, brick-layer, 824 Maine. Borstadt Henry, wood-worker, 824 Maine. Boschulte Harmon, contractor, 10th and Ohio. Boschulte Henry, moulder, 1012 S'ate. Bossing Henry, brick Uyer, 10t"i s of Sycamore. Bottmer Henry, stone-cutter. 8th s of Ohio. Bove Ern*t, br'ck-layer, 931 Payson ave. BOWERS R. C, photograph artist, northeast corner 6th and Hampshire streets; born in Kane county, 111., in 1848; located QUINCY DIRECTORY. 603 in this city in 1874; married Miss Sallie Weber; she was born in this county in 1850; they have one child, Pettie ; are members of St. John's Episcopal Church. He is a Demo crat, and member of the A. O. U. W. ; opened his present establishment in 1876, where he has facilties for doing the finest work at the shortest notice. ROWEES WM. A., Quincy. Bowles James B. bds. --Etna House. Bracht Charles, teamster, 300 S. 7th. Bracbt Gottlried, cooper, 100 N. 11th. BRADBURY C. S., proprietor of Southern Hotel, corner of Front and Broad way ; bom in Patterson, N. J., 1829 ; went to Newark, N. J., when a boy, and to Winches ter, N. H., in 1840; thence to Philadelphia in 1844, and to New York City in 1848; to Chicago in 1856 and fo Rock Island ; in 1858 went to Hannibal, Mo. ; 1865 to Quincy, 111.; he spent a short time in Galesburg after leaving Rock Island. He married Re becca Powell, daughter of Rev. Peter Pow ell, of Beverly, N. J. She died in 1860, leaving one child, Carrie' A. He married Elizabeth Rawson. She was born in Mon treal, Canada. He has been in the restaur ant or hotel business since he came to Quincy. The Southern Hotel, under his ex perienced management, has become a de servedly popular house. Bradford Charles, millwright, 123 S. 4th, Bradford Mrs. Emily, 1001 Vermont. Bradford John, 313 Vermont. BRADFORD JOSIAH T., lum ber manufacturer, 56 South 3d street ; bom in Farmington, Kennebec county, Maine, in 1825, and located in Quincy in 1854. He married Miss Sarah J. Kent in 1848. She was born in Sebec, Piscataquis' county, Maine, in 1827. Six children : (two deceased) Ella, now Mrs. Walker, living in Necedah, Wis. ; Willie J., Harry, and Lulu. Members of the Trinity M. E. Church. Democrat. He established the livery business in this city in 1854, the same run by Aldrich Cor bin & Co., and was soon after joined by his brother. They continued in the livery up to 1867, when they went into the lumber trade on a large scale, having two large mills manu facturing lumber at Necedah, Wis. He was Alderman of his ward. Bradford L. M. millwright, 123 S. 4th. Bradford Wm. lumber, 56 S. 3d. Bradney W. A. laborer, 636 Spruce. Bradstuw J. F. photographer, cor. 5th and Maine. Bradshaw Peggy, 251 N. 11th. Brady James, laborer, 202 Vermont. Brackensick B. brick laborer, 628 Ohio. BRANDES F., grocery .corner of 10th and Oak streets ; residence, same ; born in Germany in 1844; came to the United States in 1864; married Sophia Rieth in' 1874; she was born in Quincy in 1857 ; have one child, Edward; are members of the Catholic Church ; he is a Democrat in politics. He came to Quincy in 1864 ; worked on a farul for eighteen months, then attended store and saloon until 1877, when he' started for him self. He is an active, intelligent, young bus iness man, with good prospects in business. Brandom P. A. eye and ear infirmary, 401 Hampshire. Braun Charles, butcher, 83 Jefferson. Brautigam C. laborer, 16 N. 9th. Braxmeier George, saloon, 622 Hampshire. Breder Henry, teamster, 818 Adams . Breed James P. cashier Am. Ex. Co. 517 Ches.nut. Breer Philip H. druggist, cor. 9th st. and Payson ave. Breithaupt L. cooper, 516 Washington. Breitwiser John, teamster, 245 N. 5th- Bremmel Herman, laborer, 915 Vine. Bremmerkamp H. B. wagon maker, 643 Payson ave. BREMSER ANTON, groceries and saloon, 7th and Ohio streets ; residence, same, He was born in Schwalbach, Nas sau, Europe, Nov. 2, 1844, and emigrated to America, May 21, 1868, landing at New York City, and coming from there direct to Quincy. He married Miss Mina Miller in Quincy, Jan. 14, 1870; she was born in Quincy, 111., May 19, 1849. Four children : Edward, born March 30, 1871 ; Sophia, born March 26, 1874 ; Frederick, born Jan. 4, 1876, and Eliza, born May 19, 1878. Religion, Lutheran; is a member of Quincy Grove No. 10, U. A. O. D., and is a cabinet-maker by profession. Brenken Henry, laborer, 641 Oak. BRENNECKE CHAREES, saloon, corner 8th and Ohio streets ; he was born in Essinghausen, Braunschweig, Europe, Dec. 12, 1845; came to Quincy in 1865, and worked at the shoemaker's trade till 1868, when he opened a saloon, by reason of having had the misfortune to lose part of his left hand by an accident while hunting near Quincy in 1867 ; married Miss Charlotte Henricks, April 13, 1869, who was 604 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. born in Prussia, Europe, in 1847 ; five chil- ' dren ; one died, Otto, in 1847 (six months of age) ; four living : Carl, Eddie, Ida, and Wal ter; religion, Lutheran; politics, Democrat. Is a member of the U. A. O. D. and A. O. UW. BRENNECKE HENRY, boot and shoemaker, 810 State street ; residence, same. He was born near Braunschweig, Europe, Oct. 19, 1835, and emigrated to America, landing at New Orleans, May 31, 1854, and from there went direct by boat to Quincy, 111. ; married Miss Eliza Schwal- lenb,erg in Quincy, Aug. 28, 1856 ; she was born in Hanover, Europe, April 19, 1838, and emigrated to America with her brother Henry in 1854; seven children: Liza, aged 19 ; Sophia, 16 ; Mina, 13 ; Henry, 8 ; Ida, 5 ; Eddie, two years and six months, and Clara, three months of age. Is a member of Hum- bold Lodge No. 61, A. O. U. W., and a mem ber of the Protestant Orphans and Widows Benevolent Association. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Democrat. Property, real and per sonal, valued at $5,000. BRENNER CHAREES, Quincy Patent Paving-Stone Company and Pottery, 22d street between Oak and Vine streets; residence, same ; was born in St. Johann, on River Saar, Prussia, in 1826 ; came to the United States in 1852, and located in New York city; went to Quebec," Can., in 1854, and moved to St. Louis, Mo., in 1855, and to Marion county, Mo., soon after, and followed his business until 1863, when he located in Quincy, and established his present pottery- works and Patent Paving-Stone Company. He married Rosana Trabold in 1861 ; she was born in Bavaria; they have two children deceased, and have adopted a nephew. Mrs. Brenner is a Catholic ; he is a Lutheran ; he is Independent in politics, a member of the Firemen's Benevolent Society, and has been a fireman eighteen years. He is the inventor and patentee of the patent paving-stone manufactured by this company, which su percedes in every respect all other kinds of paving-stone, tile or brick; it is neater, cleaner, better to travel on and more durable than any other known material used as a paving-stone, etc. Bresser John, cooper, cor. 9th and Madison. Bresser Wm. laborer, 832 Madison. Breuel Wm. butcher, 21 N. 6th. Breuer Henry, laborer, cor. Washington and 9th . Brice John, blacksmith, 1030 Maine. Brinckhoff Theo. teamster, 718 Maine. Brinkman Joseph, laborer, 1022 Elm. Bringer Henry, cooper, Washington e of 9th. Brink Albert, laborer, 922 Jersey. Brink B. H. grocery store, cor. 7th and Jefferson. Brink Hernun, carpenter. Elm eof 9th. Brinkkotter John P. 902 State. Brinkman Bernard, laborer, 710 Jefferson. Brinkman Henry, cabinet-maker, 1114 Hampshire. BRINKMAN J. H., foreman at D. D. Meriam's lumber yard ; residence, 198 N. Sth street; born in Westphalia, Germany in 1828; came to the United States in 1851, and located in St Louis, and in Quincy in 1855; married Christine Neubel in 1854; she was born in the same place ; they have two children living: Mary and Anna; Mrs. Brinkman died in 1869 ; they are Catholics. He has been foreman in the lumber business since 1855, and in his present position since 1861 ; he is a careful, reliable man. Brinkman Wm. cabinet maker, 65 N. 12th. Brinkmeyer Wm. Payson ave. e of 9th. Brinks H. B. carpenter, 8th between Adams and Monroe. Brittain Mrs. Alice, 1247 Maine. Brocamp Benj. stone cutter, 1124 Hampshire. Brocamp Joseph, cooper, 1124 Hampshire. Brockhaus Henry, carpenter, 635 Ohio. Brockmeyer Fred, laborer, 1009 Payson ave. Brockschmidt Francis, 715 Maine. Brockschmidt Henry J. 519 Hampshire. Brockschmidt Joseph, watch maker, 715 Maine. Brogle John, carpenter, 32 N. 14th . Brokamp Benj. stone cutter, 1124 Hampshire. Broksiek Wm. tailor, 82 N. 14th. Brommelmeyer Frank, brick mason, llthnof Cedar BROMMEEMEYER HENRY, groceries, dry goods and saloon, No. 1101 Broadway, corner 11th street; residence, same. He was born in Ampt Melle, Regier ungs-bezirk, Osnabrttck, Hanover, Europe, Aug. 24, 1823, and emigrated to America, ar riving at New Orleans in 1842, going direct to St. Louis, Mo., where he remained six months working at his trade as carpenter, and then went to St. Charles, Mo., where he remained seventeen years, during which time he was a contractor and carpenter, building many of the largest buildings in that city. He was elected Alderman of the third ward in 1853, and served two terms ; in 1859 he came to Quincy, continuing as con tractor and carpenter for eight years, after which he opened a store, and has continued QUINCY DIRECTORY. 605 in that business ever since. He was elected Alderman of the sixth ward, under the ad ministration of Mayor Rowland, serving- two years. Religiou, Roman Catholic. Politics, Democrat. Is a member of St. Aloysius Orphan Society, the St. Francis Building Association, and the Hildese Bund. Real and personal property estimated at $5,000. During his stay in St. Charles, Mo., and in this city, he has always had the con fidence and esteem of his fellow citizens. BBOOKER O. W., confectionery, 418 Maine street; residence, 1452 Hamp shire street ; was born in Steubenville, Ohio, in 1843, and located in Quincy in 1855 ; mar ried Miss Annie Ralph in 1870; she was born in St. Louis, Mo., in 1856 ; they have three children:- Albert S., Edith N., and Lora Dunton. Republican in politics; is a, member of the I. O. O. F., and A. O. U. W- He conducts a first-class place, and is a polite, capable and f eliable business gentleman. BROPHY GEORGE, Circuit Clerk and Recorder; residence, Lind, be tween 4th and 5th streets; was born in Townsland of Pack Grove, Parish of Lis- downey, County Kilkenny, Ireland, in 1825 ; located in this city Nov. 16, 1853. He mar ried Miss Catherine Grace in 1864 ; she was born in Monavadnu, parish of Freshford, same county, in Ireland, in 1842; three chil dren : Mary Ellen, William and Ann. He is a Democrat ; was City Assessor and City Collector in 1866 ; also Collector in 1867 ; was Deputy Circuit Clerk and Recorder from 1860 to 1872, when he was elected to his present position and re-elected in 1876. Brose A. W. tailor, York street, n of 8th. Brose Geo. H. stone cutter, 628 Jackson. Brose J. G. stone quarry, cor. 16th and York. Brosi J. H. clerk, 165 N. Sth. Brougham Thos. A. auctioneer, 213 Vermont. BROWN MRS. BEULAH C, residence, 322 North 5th street; born in Es sex county, Mass., 1796. She was married to Charles Brown in 1814, and moved to this city in 1834, when her husband started the first bakery in Quincy. Mr. Brown died Sept. 17, 1868. Six children : Charles, Beu- lah, Abagail, Emeline, Lucinda, and Samuel. Mrs. Brown's father, Mr. Burns, also died in this city in 1835. Her husband served in Capt. Starr's company under Gen. Appleton in the war of 1812. She is a member of the First Union Congregational Church. Her son John drove the first bread wagon. Miss Beulah married II. Allison, ;ind resides near Macomb, McDonough county. Miss Sarah Allison, daughter of Beulah and grand daughter of Mrs. Brown, is living with her in Quincy. Brown Chas. Jr. merchant, cor. Sth and Maple. BROWNING HON. O. H., attor- ney at law ; office, corner 6th and Hamp shire streets ; residence, 8lh street, north of Spruce Street. Brown C. N. beer bottler, 159 N. Sth. Brown D. G. plasterer, 342 N. Sth. Brown Geo. W. ins. agt. 413 Hampshire. Brown Jas. R. brick layer, 515 Jackson. Brown John H. grocer, 626 Maine. Brown J. Q. attorney at law, cor. 6th and Hampshire. Brown Josiah, baker, 321 York. Brown Mrs. Margaret, 520 Payson ave. Brown P. J. constable, 614 York. Brown Mrs. Sarah, 620 York. Brown Mrs. Sarah, 512 York. Brown Wm. molder, cor. 16th and Jersey. Brown Wm. baker, 622 Spring. Bruce Mrs. Elizabeth, 2d street, n of Vermont. Bruggeman Henry, cabinet maker, 1244 Vermont. Bruggenschmidt Gerhard, 1013 Spring. Bruning Herman, carpenter, Elm, e of 9th. Bruning John, cabinet maker, 934 Payson ave. Bryant A. teamster, 47 N. 12th. Bryant H. II. carpenter, 210 Maiden Lane. Buchheit John, saloon, 28 S. 4th. Buchbolz N. meat market cor. 10 and Chestnut. Buck Mathias, stone mason, 1016 Washington. Buckley D. blacksmith, cor. 7th and Kentucky. BUCKLEY EDWARD H., re tired; residence, 2250 Broadway; born in Windham county, Conn., Aug. 3, 1814 ; went to Chicago in 1832, then to Mississippi as Government Land Surveyor soon after ; went to Richmond, Ind., in 1834 ; taught school and studied law there and w.as admitted to the bar in February, 1839 ; located in Colum bus in this county in 1841, and practiced law until 1848 ; was engaged in the agita tion of the location of the county-seat. He was Representative in the Legislature of 1847, from Marquette, an unorganized por tion of Adams county, which was desirous of forming a new county. By an act of the Legislature, it was thrown back to a vote of the people, which resulted unfavorably. He moved to Quincy and practiced law and was Deputy County Clerk under J. C. Bernard. He reorganized the records under the new constitution. He was appointed City Clerk under Gov. Wood, for 1852-53. In 1857 he 606 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. formed a law partnership with Mr. S. P. Delans, at whose death he associated with him two others, as Buckley, Wentworth & Marcy. In 1865 Wentworth retired; the firm was then Buckley & Marcy, which was dissolved in 1870. He married Adelia C. Harrington in 1845 ; they have three chil dren, Edward H., Jr., Frank W., and Delia. Republican.Buckley Mrs. Geo. H. 238 N. 5th. BITCKEEY MATHEW, clerk in clothing store; residence, 929 Maine street; born in Limerick county, Ireland, April 4, 1847; came to the United States May 22, 1863, and located in New York city; enlisted in the Third New Jersey Cavalry, Company E, Dec. 10, 1863 ; served to close of the war under Gen. George A. Custer ; was captured Sept. 19, at Winchester, Va., by Col. Mosby, of the Confederate cav alry ; paroled on the field and sent to An napolis, Md. ; was soon exchanged ; rejoined the army, and was wounded at Waynesbo- rough, Va., March 2, 1865, and at Five Forks, April 1, 1865 ; mustered out at close of war under general order 161 of the War Department ; located at St. Louis in 1866 ; worked at his trade as cooper two years ; moved to Mount Sterling, 111., in 1869, and Versailles, and located in Quincy in 1871. He married Miss Eveline Seehorn, Dec. 24, 1876 ; she was born in Adams county ; they have one child, Thomas M. He is a mem ber of the Catholic Church, and a Democrat in politics. Buddee Mrs. Lucy, 279 N. 5th. Budlong Oliver A. 201 Jersey. Bucnking J. Henry, phytician, JerBey, bet. 5th & 6th. Buchner Emil. musician, 1035 Vine. RUEHRER WILLIAM, bakery and confectionery, corner 6th and York streets; residence, same; born in Wurtem- burg, Germany, in 1832 ; located in Quincy in 1851 ; married Sophia Arand in 1853 ; she was born in Saxony, Germany, in 1825 ; they have four children, Olga, Amelia, Emma, and Sophia. They are members of St. Paul's Lutheran Church. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and Druids; also of the A. O. U. W. He has been in business since 1851 in this city. He has by industry and attention to his legitimate business made a good living for his family and acquired property. He is a good. aml_ reliable busi ness man. Buerckin Joseph, carpenter, 721 Payson ave. Buerkih Geo. M. catpenter, 245 N. 5th. BUEBKIN GOTTFREID, Spring Market, No. 3 Payson Ave. He was born in Baden, Europe, August 14, 1840. Emigrated to America on December 2, 1862, landed at New York city, and from there direct to Quincy, 111. Married Mrs. Kafha- rina Schmidt, Sept. 23, 1869, who was born in Bremer Haven, Europe, July 27, 1835; two children : Katie, 8 years, and George, 5 years. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Democrat. Mr. Buerkin is a member of Washington Hayne, No. 3, U. A. O. D., Butcher's Relief Society, and Humboldt Lodge No. 61, A. O. U. W. In 1865 enlisted in Co. D., 148th Regt. 111. Inf. for one year, and was honorably discharged at the termin ation of service. Property valued, real and personal, at $7,000. Buerklin Geo., brewer, 7th and Payson Ave. RUERMAN LOUSIA (widow), corner of 14th and State streets, born in Bremen, Germany, in 1822; married Fred erick Buerman in 1843; came to United States same jrear, and located in this city Have five children: Fred, Sophia (now widow), Henry, Amelia, and Willie. Are members of the German M. E. Church. She resides on her property, two and one- half acres of land at the above location. Bugbee John G. merchant, 315 Jersey. Buhner John, machinest, cor. 31 and Vine. Bull Chas. H. Maine, w of 18th BULL LOBENZO, was born in Hartford, Conn., March 21, 1819, and was the eldest son of Mr. Lorenzo Bull and Mrs. Elizabeth Goodwin Bull. His opportunities for education were limited to the district schools of his native city, which he left at the age of 13 years, and removed to Quincy, arriving there on the 11th day of May, 1833, being then 14 years of age. A few days after ¦ his arrival he accepted employment from Judge Henry H. Snow, who then held most of the county offices, being at one time clerk of the County Commissioners' Court, Clerk of the Circuit Court, Recorder, Judge of Pro bate, Notary Public, and Justice of the Peace, from all of which he derived but a meager support. The writing and practical work of these offices, was at once devolved upon the younger clerk, under the direction of Judge QUINCY DIRECTORY. 607 Snow, who although skillful and competent for all the duties of his various offices, was somewhat indisposed to the performance of the labor incident thereto, and preferred to instruct and direct his clerk than to keep records and prepare papers himself. He remained with Judge Snow about two years; received for his services the first year six dollars per month, and for the second year ten dollars per month, besides his board in Judge Snow's family. He next accepted a situation in the store of Messrs. Holmes, Brown & Co., then one of the most prominent business houses of the city, and continued his connection with that business, through the various changes of firm which succeeded one another, S. & S. Holmes, Holmes & Co., and Holmes & Wood, until the year 1844; then upon the winding up of the business of Holmes & Wood, he formed a partnership with his brother, under the firm name of L. & C. H. Bull, and opened a store for the sale of hardware and crockery, at the place lately occupied by Holmes & Wood, where the business was continued for ;-,bout five years ; finding the building too small for their increasing business, they built the large store now occupied by Messrs. Coxe & Coxe, and removed to it in 1849 ; and shortly after adding to their business agri cultural machines and new implements then being introduced for the first time, they continued a successful business in this line until the year 1861, when they sold out their mercantile and embarked in the banking business, removing to the corner of 5th and Maine streets, at which location the business is continued at the present time. The firm of L. & C. H. Bull now 'in 1879) being 35 years of age, and is the oldest business firm in Quincy, or in this part of the State of Illinois. Mr. Lorenzo Bull was married in 1844 to Miss Margaret H. Benedict, daughter of Dr. Wm. M. Bene dict, of Millbury, Martin county, Mass., and sister of Mrs. N. Bushnell, of Quincy. They have had six children; William Benedict, Elizabeth Goodwin, Mary Braman, Margaret Hunter, Lorenzo, and Anna Louise, all living except Lorenzo, who died at the age of ten years. Owing to the long and expensive journey necessary in 1833 to reach Illinois from Connecticut, occupying more than a month, the money considered ample for his 39 expenses when he left home became ex hausted, and he reached Quincy in debt to his companions for necessary travelling ex penses to the amount of three dollars and fifty cents, and dependent entirely upon his own efforts for his support. The debt was soon paid out of the small salary earned in Judge Snow's office, and a fair measure of pecuniary success has since rewarded his in dustry.Bull Wm. B. 1629 Hampshire. BUM ANN CHRISTIAN, grocery and bakery, corner 12th and Vermont, resi dence same. Born in Prussia in 1835 ; came to the United States in 1865 and located in Quincy. Married Barbara Tubbesing in 1866. She was born in Bavaria, maiden name Habel, in 1835. They have three children : John, Lena, and Minnie. She had three children by a former marriage : Frank (architect in Quincy), Henry, and Kate. They are Lutherans. Mr. Bnmann is a carpenter; he works at his trade. Independent in poli tics. Mrs. B. runs the grocery and bakery ; the latter is an active, intelligent business woman. Bunce Robert, architect, 57 N. 5th. Bunger Herman, carpenter, 924 Payson ave. Bunting John A. gas fitter. 24 S. 12th st. Bunting J. R. cor. 12th and Kentucky. BITRGE GOTTLIEB (Larkworthy & Burge), contractors, carpenters, and build ers, Vermont between 4th and 5th streets; residence, Hampshire between 9th and 10th. Born in Switzerland in 1824; came to the United States in 1847, and located in Vicks burg, Miss. ; moved to Cincinnati, O., in 1853. thence to Richmond, Ind., and located in Quincy in 1856. Married Miss Josephine Gerschwiller in 1859 ; she was born in Swit zerland ; their children are Bertha, Josephine Louisa, Ida, Clara, Hedwick, and Robert, and three deceased. They are members of the Catholic Church. He is a Democrat. This family possesses a peculiar musical talent, every member of which is a musician except Mr. B. himself. The two older daughters ( Misses Bertha and Josephine, are now in Chicago giving music lessons, and preparing themselves more thoroughly for the profes sion of music. The above firm erected the Quincy Court House, Tremont House, and most of the large business blocks in Quincy. HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Burk Patrick, laborer, 9th s of Vine. Burkhard R. harness maker, Broadway e of 18th. Burklin Wm. brewer, Ruff Bro. & Co. Burmeier Wm. stone mason, 1121 Washington. Burmeyer Fred. Jefferson w of 11th. Burmeyer Fred. 13th b of Washington. Burmeyer Gust. 20th near Jefferson. Burnam Mrs. N. J. 219 N. 4tti. Burnham Mrs. A. 10th n of Spruce. Burns M«s. Nancy, widow, 30 S. 12th. Burns Thomas, cor. 15th and State. BURNSIDE JOHN F., butcher corner 9th and State, residence corner 10th and Ohio; was born in Guilford- county, North Carolina, August 6th, 1845, and came to Quincy, 111., in June, 1867. He married Miss Mary Tonner at Alton, 111., .in June, 1867 ; she was born in England in 1851 ; four children, Katie Maria, aged 10 years, Sarah Jane, 8 years and 6 months, Francis Panama, 6 years, and Flora Belle, aged one year. Politics, Democrat. Enlisted in the Confed erate States navy under command of Commo dore Tucker at Fort Sumpter in 1862, serv ing till Feb. 17th, 1865, going from there to Richmond, Va., and thence to Appomattox Court-House,Va., where he witnessed the sur render of the Southern Army under command of Maj. Gen. Lee. Is a member of the A. U. O. W., Quincy Lodge No. 45, of Quincy. Burrill E. L. conductor, cor. 28th and Hampshire. Burton Joseph, molder, 4th sof Payson ave. Bosch Conrad, laborer, cor. 12th and Oak. Busch Peter, watchman, 8th n of Adams. Bushnell Mrs. Ann, widow, cor. 8th and Hampshire. BUSHNELL NEHEMIAH (de ceased) ; was born in West Saybrook, Conn., 1813 ; came to Quincy, 1837. He married Miss Eliza II. Benedict, in 1840. She was born in Worcester county, Mass. They have five children now living: Helen, William, Robert, Frank and James. Mr. Buslmell died in 1872. He graduated at Yale College — and at Harvard College as a law student. In 1837 he became associated with the Hon. O. H. Browning as law partner, which co partnership existed up to the time of his death. He was a prominent citizen in all public enterprises, and stood at the head of his profession as a lawyer. He was a mem ber of the Episcopal Church, as well as his widow and children. He was the first Pres ident of the O, B. & Q. R. R., and one of its most powerful friends and supporters. Bustard Christian; Lind e of 18th. Buter Mrs. Elizabeth, 828 Hampshire , Butler James, laborer, Chetnnt w of 10th. Butler Thos. H. file cutter, Vine e of 18th. BUTTERWORTH T., Publisher Western Agriculturist. Residence, 18th and Kentucky streets. He was born in 1844, at Shelbyville, Mo. In 1868 he married Miss M. F. Alexander, of Cincinnati, Ohio. They have three children: Pearl Virginia; Theo dore Alexander, and Francis Sylvanus. Buxmann L., boiler maker, Delaware bet. 3d and 4th Buxmann Louis, teamster, 418 Kentucky. BYINGTON MRS. MARTHA A. Residence, 155 North 7th street ; born in Erie, Pa., 1835; moved to Lyons, Iowa, with her parents when quite young ; married H. S. Byington, March 4, 1858; moved to Quincy the following May. He met his death by being thrown from his bug'gy in Galesburg, 111., his horse having run away. He was a member of the firm of Millard & Byington, Livery and Sale Stables, of Quincy, for nineteen years and up to the time of his death, which was in 1872. He left his widow,, the subject of this biography, and two boys, Uz and Harry W. Mrs. Byington is a mem ber of the Christian Church. She clings to the memory of her deceased husband, and devotes her life and energies to the welfare of her children. Mr. Byington was one of the most popular men in Quincy. BYRD WILLIAM A., Physician and Surgeon. Office and residence 327 Jersey street. He was born in Bath county, Va., 1843 ; moved to Marion county, Mo., with his parents, 1844, and to this county 1867, and to Quincy in 1873. He married Miss Isabella Smith, 1870. She was born in this county, 1851. They have two children, E. May and Wm. Smith. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, and a Democrat. He studied medicine from 1859 to 1867, and graduated in Missouri Medical College, Feb. 28, 1867, and commenced the practice of medicine in Lima, in this county, in 1867. and in the city in 1873. He is Past Chancel, lor in the order of K. P., and a member of the U. A. O. D., and of the A. O. U. W. Bywater Mrs. Sarah, 6th n of Sycamore. CADOGAN J. P., Proprietor of the Quincy Herald. Residence, 1612 Vermont street. ?/%><$. QUINCY DIRECTORY. 609 Cady Mrs. Alice, widow, 79 N. Sth. Cady O. H. piano tuner, Vermont w of 16th. Caldwell Mrs. E. R. 310 Jersey. Calkins A. V. 630 Payson ave. Calkins John YV, P. O. D. 1002 Maine. Callahan John, laborer, 1006 Jersey. Callahan Oscar, carpenter, 1014 Jersey. Calnan Jeremiah, foreman round-house, 3d bet. Vine and Elm. Cames Michael, restaurant, 22 N. Front. Campbell Dan . harness-maker, 920 Hampshire . Campbell Mrs. Maria, 133 S. 4th. Campion K. molder, 614 Jefferson. Cannell Geo. R. foreman, Pope and Baldwin, cor. 8th and Vine. Cannell Robt. bricklayer, 1120 Vermont. Cannon J. H. upholsterer, 1027 Maine. Carlin A. J. horse trainer, Maine e of 22d. CARLTON JOHN F., -'Franklin Saloon," 62 North 5th street, residence. 91 South 4th street. He was born in Putnam county, Tenn., March 3, 1838; located in Macon county, Mo., in 1872, and in Quincy in 1875 ; married Lizzie Donaldson, July 5, 1868. She was bom in Shelby county, Mo., in 1854. They have four children: Clarin- da, Pearl, Carl and Earl (twins). He has been in business since he came to Quincy. Carman W. L. P. teacher, 108 S. 3d. Carpenter S. J. conductor, cor. 3d and Maple. Carr Wm. laborer, 1025 Oak. CarringtonDr. Paul, land agent, cor. 24th and Maine. Carrott James F. attorney at law, 1441 Hampshire. Carrott Mrs. Jane, widow, 833 Maine. Carrott M. W. organ maker, 14th s of Maine. CARTER JOSEPH N., Attorney, 25 North 5th street; was born in Hardin county, Kentucky, March 12, 1843; grad uated at the Illinois College at Jackson ville, in 1866, and entered the Law De partment of the Michigan University in fall of the same year ; graduated in that institu tion in 1868 ; was admitted to the bar in this city in 1869 ; elected to the State Legislature from this county at the November election, of 1878; Republican in politics and senior of the firm of Carter & Govert, Attorneys at Law. Carter Mrs. Martha, widow, 104 N. 9th. Cashen Mrs. M. 306 Oh;o. Castle Mills, Bagby & Graves, props. 31-32 N. Front. CASTLE CHAUNCEY H., stove manufacturer, 432 Maine street; residence, Kentucky, between 2d and 3d ; was born in Columbus, this county, July 10, 1843 ; re moved to. this city in 1860 ; enlisted in Co. I, 73d Regt. 111. Inf., in August, 1862, and served two years and two months. After his return he became one of the firm of Com stock, Castie & Co., stove manufacturers probably the largest of its kind in the West They manufacture about two thousand tons of stoves yearly. He was married to Miss Mary E. Parker, of Galesburg, in 1868 ; they have five children, two sons and three daughters. Republican in politics. Castle J. Seymour, hardware, 433 Maine. CASTLE TIMOTHY H., (Com- stock, Castle ifc Co.) stove and hollow-ware manufacturer, 432 Maine street ; residence, 327 Jersey street ; born in Windham county, Vt., 1814; located in Columbus, Adams county, in 1835, and in Quincy in 1859. He married Julia A. Boyd in 1839 ; she was born same place in 1812 ; they have four children, Henry A., Chauncey H., Julia A., now Mrs. Webster, and James C. They are Presbyterians. He is a Republican. He was in busmess in Columbus, in this county, twenty-five years, kept a general store, and has been connected with the manufacturing business eighteen years. The capacity of the foundry is 2,000 tons per year. Castleman G. O. tobacconist, 105 S. 4th. Ca;tleman Mrs. T L. widow, 105 S. 4th. Cave W. M. Sth, s of Washington . CAVOLT JOHN H., Assistant Su perintendent, Work House ; residence, same place. ' He was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, Feb. 18, 1826, and came to St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 23, 1850; resided there until March, same year, when he went up the river, landing at Quincy, March 12, 1850, and has resided in this county ever since; married Miss Mary Ann McNeal in Quincy, Dec. 25, 1851 ; she was bom in same county and State as Mr. Cavolt, July 10, 1832 ; they have ten children, all living : Lucy, aged 26; Martha, 25; Madison, 24; Orlando, 21; John, 19; Emma, 15; Nancy, 11; Adrian, 9; Pearly, 4; and , 5 months. Poli tics, Democrat; was Collector of Burton township in 1855, and Road Commissioner in same township from 1856 to 1858 ; has held his present position since Sept. 12, 1877 ; personal property valued at $500. Chamberlain Mrs. Mary, 1023 Spring. Chambers Miss Mollie, 24 N. 14th. Channon Wm. H. 64 S. 4th. 610 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. CHANNON WILLIAM V., trav eling agent for Comstock, Castle & Co., stove and hollow-ware manufacturers ; resi dence, 1234 Broadway ; born in Devonshire, England, in 1812; came to the United States in 1841, and located in Philadelphia, and in Quincy in 1818: He married Eliza beth Haywood, in 1835; she was born in same place; they have two children, Wil liam H. and Ellen Elizabeth; are members of Congregational Church. He is a Repub lican. He has been connected with the house of Comstock, Castle & Co. for the last twenty-five years. CHAPEL A. JUDSON, Physician and Surgeon, 505 Hampshire street; was born in East Avon, New York, in 1836; moved to Newton, Jasper county, Iowa; went to Omaha in 1856, and thence to Den ver, Col., in 1859 ; made three trips to the Rocky Mountains, and returned in 1861 ; lo- eated in Galesburg and studied in college ; not having means to enable him to pursue Ids studies until he could graduate, he went as passenger conductor on the Wabash Railroad. In 1867 he commenced the prac tice of medicine in this city, having previ ously studied and practiced. He graduated in the spring of 1871, in Bellevue Hospital, Medical College, New York City. He mar ried Mrs. Cornelia M. Chapel, widow of his brother, Dr. Chapel, late Medical Director of the 3d Army Corps of the United States Army. Mrs. Chapel lias one child by her fiisl husband, which is living with them. Chapman Andrew, molder, 154 S. 3d. Cn pman Mrs. E. Sycamore, e of 6th. Charle August, painter, 8th, n of Washington. Charles Hugo, clerk, cor. 8th and Washington. Charles Wm. 304 Jersey. Chase Mrs. Al. G. 1111 Vine, Chas ¦ Mrs. R. D. 635 Payson ave. Cbatt n Mrs. Elizabeth, 111 S. 6tb. Chatiisn Enoch R. city engineer, 13th n of Vermont. Ct-attm wm. carpenter, 111 S. 6th. Cheney Walter J. carpenter, 154 N. 3d. Cherry Daniel W. second-hand store, 630 Hampshire, Caerry David S. druggist, 308 Hampshire. Cherry Louis H. druggist, 315 Kentucky. Cherry Mrs. Margaret, c -r. 5th and York. Caiirl Henry, molder, 715 Payson ave. Childres D. whitewashes Oak w of 10th Chisham Mrs. A. C. 1C6 N. 12th. Christ Adam, molder, 515 Paysoi ave. Church Clatk B. 311 Jersey. CHURCH SAMUEL P., retired; residence, 315 Jersey street; born in Little Compton, R. I , in 1805 ; moved to the city of Hartford, Conn., in 1819, and to Pitts burg, Pa., in 1830, where he engaged in the dry goods business, and located in Quincy in 1835, and opened a general store — dry goods, groceries and provisions; he married Margaretta E. Reynolds in 1837; she was born in Geneva, N. Y., in 1809 ; they have four children living : Vallie, Caroline, John B. (now a resident of Georgetown, Col.), and William (a resident of San Francisco, Cal.), both engaged in the mining business. He is member of the First Presbyterian Church; he was secretary of the first preliminary meeting for the organization of this church in Quincy ; has been treasurer of the church twenty-three years, and is treasurer of the building committee of the new edifice now in course of erection in this city. Mrs. Church died Sept. 27, 1869, from the effects of an accident caused by falling with an oil lamp, which set fire to her clothing, while visiting a daughter in Newton, Mass.; she died twelve hours after the accident; her re mains were brought to Quincy for inter. ment. Mr. Church was largely engaged in the real estate business in this city ; retired some years ago. Claggett Mrs. Alice, 30 N. 4th. Clark Mrs. C. 179 S. 3d. Clark James H. (Clark & Morgan) cor. 6th and Lind. Clark J. O. molder, 313 Delaware. Clark Mrs. Mary, widow, 803 Jersey. Clark Matthew, teamster, cor. 5th and Oak. Clark Melville, 623 Jers y. Clark Michael, fireman, 818 Jersey. Clark & Morgan, confectioner es, etc. 432 Maine. Clark Mrs. T. A. 71 N. 12th. Clark Andrew, 4-28 Oak. Clark Edwin A. clerk, 1405 Vermont. Clements John, drayman, 65 N. 3d. Cleveland Mrs. C. W. 122-2 Vermont. CLEVELAND EDWIN, was born in Ashtabula county, Ohio, in 1835 ; came to Illinois and settled in what is now Richfield township, where he followed farming ; mar ried Sarah E. Young in 1854; have four children living : Harriet, Mary A., William H. and Annie F. ; two are dead, the eldest and youngest; enlisted in December, 1861, as private in Co. L, 10th Regt. 111. Cav. ; lost his leg in a skirmish with the Confederates between Springfield and Rolla, Mo., in June, 1862 ; at present holds the office of Commis sary of the Sth Illinois National Guards; was elected County Treasurer in 1871, and QUINCY DIRECTORY. fill re-elected in 1873; has held various town ship offices, and is at present one of the Su pervisors of the county, and is engaged in the manufacturing of brick ; owns city prop erty valued at $13,000. Politics, Democrat. Cline Michael, laborer, cor. 20th and Vermont. Clouder S. wagon maker, 628 State. Clowes Mrs. G. M. 304 Kentucky. Clowes Ezekiel W. telegraph operator, 34 N. 4th. Coates Mrs. Sarah, widow, 210 Sta'e. Cobb Mrs. Clara, 9th and Chestnut. Cober Henry H. cor. Sth an'l Spruce. Cober Mrs. J. H. 5th s of Sycamore. Cobur,- August, boots and shoes, 305 Maine. Cobnrn Geo. A. cor. 9th and Spring. Cochran Samuel, carpenter, Oak e of 4th. Coler Louis B. 5th s of Sycamore. Coens John, shoemaker, 1205 Vermont. Coger Mrs. Cynthia, widow, 16 N. 3d. Cohen Mrs. Harriet, widow, 837 Vermont. Cohen Henry, cigars and tobacco, 51 S. 7th. COHEN L. H., physician; ofiice, 61 N. 5th street ; residence, 837 Vermont street. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, Sept. 5, 1842; is a son of Simon P. and Harriet (Jonas) Cohen, of Devonshire, England; was educated in Glasgow; in 1854 his pa rents emigrated to America, and settled in Quincy; five years later he went to New Orleans, La., making his home with his uncle, Mr. George Jonas (deceased), late President of the Canal Bank, and member of the heavy cotton firm of Ward & Jonas; he graduated from the New Orleans School of Medicine, Feb. 15, 1862; the March fol lowing he was appointed one of the resident physicians at the Charity Hospital, but shortly afterward he enlisted in the Crescent Regt., Co. D, as a private; in the battle of Shiloh he fought with a musket; a week after he was detailed on medical duty at Corinth and Montgomery; in Sept., 1862, was commissioned as Assistant Surgeon, serving on hospital duty; he was in com mand of the sappers and miners, and after its transfer he was successively with the 5th Co. of Washington Artillery, 7th Mis sissippi and tlie 26th Tennessee Infantry; remained till the close of the war, when he was stationed at Columbus, Ga., acting as Medical Inspector ; returned to New Orleans and held the position of Adjutant Professor of Chemistry in the New Orleans School of Medicine from 1865 till 1868, when he returned to Quincy; during the yellow fever epidemic in New Orleans, he practiced as a physician for the Hebrew Benevolent Asso ciation, and had charge of the Southern Hospital; has been Secretary of the Adams County Medical -Society for six years ; was chosen delegate to the American Medical Association from the society in 1873; was Secretary of tlie Board of Health two years ; was a delegate to the National Public Health Association in Chicago in 1877; was at that time County Physician for the city of Quincy ; " he was appointed to the Chair of Chemistry in 1877-78, in the Louisville Med ical College, on account of the death of Samuel Jonas. He is executor of his de ceased uncle's estate, in which he has a joint interest.Cohn Samuel, merchant, 90 N. 3d. Colburn Mrs. Susan, widow, 208 N. 7th. Colley Wm. 1433 Vermont. Collins Andrew, 10th near Maple. Collins Mrs. Chei y, widow, 173 N. 10th. Collins Mrs. F. cor. 18th and Maine. COLLINS FREDERICK (de ceased), was born in Connecticut Feb. 24, 1804 ; at the age of 17 he united with the Presbyterian Church, of which he was after wards an active and consistent member ; iu 1822 he came to Collinsville, this State, with his parents; on Jan. 1, 1829, he married Mary L. Allen, with whom he lived 49 years — till his death. He moved to Quincy in 1851 ; was Superintendent of a Sunday- school at the age of 20 years, and an Elder in the ehurch at 25 ; he was a man of ster ling principles, a firm and fearless abolition ist, and "dared to do right," even at a sacrifice, as was exemplified in the destruc tion by his own hands and those of his five sons, of the copper stills, and razing to the ground of their own expensive distillery be cause convinced that the traffic in alcohol was a sin. He was a candidate of the Free Soil party for Lieutenant Governor of tlie State. Collins F. M. groceries, 79 S. 4th. COLLINS MRS. MARY L., resi dence, 18th and Maine streets. Collins W. H. 925 Hampshire. Collinson Mark, carriage manufacturer, 11 N. 6th. Colman W. R. carpenter, cor. 14th and Jersey. Combs Mrs. Annie E. widow, 196 N. 8th. Combs Elliott, produce dealer, 715 Hampshire. Combs Mrs. Mary A. Oak e of 18th. Combs S. P. 685 Vermont. 812 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Comstock, Castle & Co. stove manufacturers, 432 Maine. Comstock Mrs. E. 314 Jersey. Conley Mrs. Mary, widow, 17 N. 10th. Connell John, laborer, 1008 Jersey. Connelly Frank, miller, 526 Oak. CONOYER JOHN, attorney at law, office 413 Hampshire street, residence, 4th, between Lindand Chestnut streets; was born inWa,rren county, Ohio, 1838, moved to Cum berland county, 111., 1852, thence to Daviess county, Mo., 1864, and to this county in 1877. He studied law,and was admitted to the Bar in Cumberland county, 111., 1863 ; married Miss Alice C. Laeey in 1862; she was born in Morgan county, Ind., 1845; they have six children ; they are members of the Congre gational Church. He is a Republican ; he taught school ten years before being ad mitted to the Bar. CONRAD CHARLES E., resi dence No. 230 South 9th street, physician and pastor of the Evangelical Zion Church ; was born in Prussia, May 16, 1820 ; came to the United States in 1858 ; married Mary Bode ; she was born in Germany, Nov. 23, 1840 ; mother of four living children, Joshua, Eliab, Sarah, Mary ; emigrated in the year 1848 to the East Indies as a missionary, where he re- 1 mainedten years; his health being impaired he had to leave; thence came to the United States and to Quincy, where he has been pastor of the Zion Church ; since, also, has a charge in Fall Creek ; also is a practicing physician. Conry Mrs. Eliza, widow, 639 Vine. Conyers John, pilot, 270 S. 7th. Cook L. H. Vermont e of 14th. Coop Edward, molder, 15th n of Jefferson. Coop Wm. molder, cor. 14th and Washington . Cooper Bernard, cooper, cor. 8tb and Monroe. Copp HeDry, laborer, Lind e of 18th. Corbin Wash, 83 S. 4th. COOLEY GENERAL H. S. was a son of Dr. Cooley of Hartford, Conn., and was born in that city in 1836. He studied medicine in Hartford two years; becoming tired of medicine, he went to Bangor, Maine, where he commenced to study law under Senator Bradbury. He moved to Illinois in 1840, where he devoted himself to the practice of law, and soon acquired a libera] share of public patronage. He was tin unyielding Democrat, and took a conspicuous part in the election of 1842, and by his speeches during tlie canvass won .rapidly and justly the reputation of a public orator. In the fall of 1862 he was appointed, by Governor Carlin, Quartermaster General of the States, a post of honor to which his excellency consid ered him justly entitled, for the zealous and energetic manner he had battled for the measures and men of the Democratic party. He was appointed Secretary of the State for Illinois by Governor French, in the Fall of 1846, to which position he was unanimously confirmed by the Senate, and subsequently elected to the same office, when it was made an elective office. He was re-elected in the Fall of 1848, and was the incumbant of that office at the time of his death. It is univer sally conceded that the State of Illinois never had a better officer or a in ore faithful and in defatigable public servant, while in the enjoyment of health. Pie was always at his post. It was his close confinement and herculean labors in the performance of his duties as Secretary of State and ex-officio- State Superintendant of Common Schools, that enervated his physical powers, and in vited the disease that terminated his earthly career. He married Miss Mary Helen Reed, daughter of Elijah Reed, Esq., of New York, 1845. She was born in New York. He was a prominent member of the Masonic order, and Grand Master of the State. He could have had his choice -of the nominations for Governor or Congress, but was compelled to decline both, owing to ill health. He went South in hopes of improving his health. He died in New Orleans, March 21, 1850. His remains were conveyed to Quincy, where they received all the honors of a distinguished man, deeply beloved by all who knew him. The Democratic- party lost by the death of General Cooley, one of its most distinguished champions. The Masonic order was de prived of a brother it delighted to honor. But how irreparable the loss to his deeply. afflicted wife, devoted to each other, as few had been; his death produced a wound in her heart that is easily opened even at this writing. May the fragrance of the flowers she strews upon his, grave bring a soothing balm to her faithful woman's heart. CORLEY MRS. ANN M., resi dence No. 1219 Maine street. Was born in Bergen county, New Jersey, March 3, 1827; ¦; "M ¦¦%'.'. QUINCY QUINCY DIRECTORY. 613 was married to Wm. H. Corlcy in 1846. He was born in New York city, December 27, 1821; came to this city in 1853, when Mr. Corley took charge 'of the Quincy Gas Light & Coke- Co., as superintendant, and continued as such up to his death, which occurred Feb. 25, 1875. She lias five children, two sons and three daughters ; they tire all members of the Baptist Church. She is one of the principal stock holders of the Quincy Gtis Light & Coke Co., and her son Henry R., is secretary of the company. She owns a valuable residence property well improved and splendidly located. Corley Henry U. Sec. Quincy Gas Co., 1217 Maine. Cornelius T. G. teamster, 896 N. 5th. Corrigan Edward, teamster, Olive n of Spring. Corrill ChaB. miller, 220 State. Costigan Edward, laborer, Elm w of 2d. Cotter Michael, laborer, 9th n of Oak. Cotters Frank, Kentucky between 7th and sth. Cottle Mrs. Mary A. widow, 202 N. 10th. COTTNAM MAURICE, retired; residence 25th street between Vermont and Hampshire ; born in Lower Canada in 1824 ; came to tlie United States in 1853 and located in St. Louis, and in Quincy in 1872 ; married Isabella Wray in 1854; she was born in the North of Ireland; they have two children, Elien and Thomas; arc members of First Presbyterian Church. He was in the whole sale and retail carpet business iu St. Louis for many years. C'ottrell G. J. hardware, corner 4th and Elm. Cox Isaac, laborer, 25th near Hampshire. Cox Eugene, corner 5th and Maple. Cox II. S. chemist, 439 N. 6th. Cox Mrs. Susan, widow, 1182 Oak. Cox Theodore, grocer, 79 S. 4th. Cox & Cox, wholesale hardware, 424 Maine. COX & LITTLEFIELD, gro ceries and provisions, 79 S. 4th, residence 412 York. Mr. Cox was born in New York, and located in Quincy in 1869; has traveled for a wholesale house until 1878, when he became associated with F. R. Littlefield in the above business, tlie latter having been in the business since 1875. Mr. Littlefield was born in Quincy, and is the son of E. Little field, contractor and builder, who resided for many years iu Quincy. They are doing a nice business and turn their stock often, tliereby having fresh goods constantly on hand. Coyan Mrs. Catherine, 65 N. 12th. Coyer Bernard, dairyman, 12th s of Harrison. Crabby Henry, laborer, 14th n of Vermont. Craig Mrs. E. M. widow, 22 S. 5th. Craig George W. ex-sheriff, Occidental Hotel. Cratg Mrs. Susan, 208 Broadway. Cramer Mrs. Mary, widow, 1032 Vermont. Cramer Wm. distiller, 332 Elm. Crandall Benj. F. drugs, etc. 530 Hampshire. Crandall O. H. physician, 307 Vermont. Crandall Mrs. Cynthia, 208 York. Crawford Henry, conductor, 6th s of Locust. Crawford Wm. 5th s of Sycamore. Crawford Will B. clerk, 397 N. Sth. Crawle W. W. carpenter, corner 5th and Chestnut. Cress Mrs. Hannah, 118 S. 4th. Crizamlre Harry, tobacconist, 171 S. 4th. Critchett Mrs. Lucy M. 725 Broadway. Crittenden John, clerk Co. Treas. office, residence 28 N. 12th. Crocker Mrs. A. M. widow, 161 N. 10th. Crockett John, flower merchant, 133 Jersey. Crosby Mrs. Maria, 707 Vermont. Crow Mrs. Cla.issa, ISO N. 10th. Crow Mrs. Elizabeth, 245 N. 11th. Crowley Wm. quarry man, cor. sth and Jackson. Cruttenden J. Smith, 28 N. lath. Cunningham John, teacher, 14 S. 3d. Currier Martin L. cor. 12th and Broadway. CURTIS CHAS. R. S., Physician and Surgeon ; office southeast corner 6th and Vermont, residence Elm, between 22d and 24th. He was born in Knox county, Ohio, in 1831, and moved to Keokuk, Iowa, in 1849; read medicine with Prof. J.F.San- ford, and graduated in the medical depart ment of the State University of Iowa; he spent tho winters of 1853 and '54 in New York, and graduated in the New York Medi cal College. He settled in Chicago and commenced the practice of medicine. In the spring of 1859 he located in Ciarksville, Mo., and moved to Keokuk, Iowa, in 1865, and to Quincy in the spring of 1866. Mar ried Ada E. Israel, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Israel, at Mt. Vernon, Ohio, Nov. 18th, 1857; she was born in Mt. Vernon, Ohio, and died at Ciarksville, Mo., January 28th, 1863. They had two children : Louisa J., born at Chicago July 24th, 1859, and Ada E., born at Ciarksville, Pike county, Mo., Sept. 22d, 1861. He married Miss Elizabeth S. Jennings, daughter of John and Nancy Jennings, at Mt. Vernon, Ohio, in 1864. At tends Unitarian Church. He has given his services as Surgeon of St. Mary's Hospital for several fyears, where he has successfully performed many of the most important operations known to the science. Cyrus Mrs. Emma, widow, cor. 4th and Elm. 614 HISTORY 'OF ADAMS COUNTY. Dalbey Joseph, carpenter, 179 S. 3d. Dalgarn Geo. W. salesman, 1040 Broadway. Dallas Mrs. Jennie, widow, 9th n of Oak. Daly John, laborer, 624 Vine. Daly Michael, laborer, 1021 Jersey. Daly Michael, laborer, 624 Vine. Daly Patrick, clerk C, B. & Q. R. R. 609 Vine. Damhorst B. laborer, 1250 Vermont. DAMHORST GEORGE, resi dence, corner 13th and Vine streets; brick yard 9th and Lind; was born in Prussia, March 9, 1838 ; came to the United States in 1848; married Thresia Menne. She was born in the same place June 23, 1839. She is the mother of seven children: Lizzie, George, William, Edward, Mary, Tilda and Cecelia; members of the Catholic Church. On his arrival in this country Mr. Damhorst went directly to St. Louis, where he lived ten years ; thence came to Quincy ; engaged in brick manufacture in 1862, which busi ness he has followed since ; makes on an av erage about a million of brick a year, and in war times run as high as a million and a half. Mr. D. built himself a fine residence in 1878, and is in comfortable circumstances. DAMHORST STEPHEN, brick- maker; residence, 11th and Oak streets; brick-yard corner of 10th and Lind ; was born in Prussia, August 9, 1826 ; came to America, January 1, 1847 ; married Elizabeth Heskamp. She was born in Hanover, Ger many, in 1832. She is the mother of eight living children : Annie, Joseph, Lizzie,Mary, Barney, Henry, John and Emma; mem bers of the Roman Catholic Church. Mr. Damhorst emigrated in a sailing vessel ; was seven weeks and four days on the trip ; came to St. Louis, where he resided nine years and worked in a brick yard. In 1857 he came to Quincy, where he has been engaged in the brick business since ; makes about a million of brick yearly ; came here in limited circumstances, but by close application to business has accumulated a fine property and home. He does a business of $10,000 a year. Daner Chas. upholsterer, 11th bet. Oak and Vine. Danbaus Gottlieb, turner, Adams w of 11th. Danhaus Peter, engineer, Adams w of 11th. Darnell Mrs. Margaret, 639 Broadwa\ . Dashbach Geo. W. salesman, 24th and Washington. DASHRACH HENRY C, stoves, tin, copper and steel, iron manufacturer, No. 15 North 6th street; residence, 22d and Madison streets; born in Urbach, Prussia, 1828; came to the United States in 1844, and located in Quincy ; married Christena Schal- ler, in 1848. She was born in Germany. They have nine children; Mary W., Rein- hold J., W. George, Wm. J., Amelia, Emma, Carrie, Edward and Walter ; are members of the German M. E. Church. He is a member of the German Protestant Association ; Re publican. He has been in business twenty- three years. His residence is on a large block, and is very desirable for a first-class home; erected with all modern improve ments — shrubbery, grapery, ice-house, etc: Daugherty J. F. 4th bet. Lind and Chestnut. Daul Mrs. Caroline, 1004 Hampshire. Danl John, barber, 1004 Hampshire. Davis C. H. second-hand store, 937 Hampshire. Davis Mrs. Elizabeth, widow, 632 Spruce. Davis Geo. W. plasterer, Chestnut e of 5th. Davis G. H. stock agt. 34 N. 5th. DAVIS HOPE S. (Arm of Davis & Poling), Attorney at Law, east side of Wash ington Square ; born in Monroe county, N. Y., 1828; received an academic education. In early years he resided on a farm ; taught school four years ; studied law and was ad mitted to the Bar in Rochester, N. Y., 1852, in which year he settled in Quincy, where he has since resided. He has been County Su perintendent of schools of Adams county, also Superintendent of Quincy schools, and a member of the city council. He is Repre sentative in the Thirtieth General Assembly from the 37th District; was elected in 1876 as a Democrat, receiving 9,688J^ votes. Mr. Theodore C. Poling was born in Mid- dletown, N. J., 1840; located in Quincy, 1870; served in the Union army; attended Knox College, Galesburg, 111., from 1861 to 1864; was admitted to the Bar in 1871 ; taught school previously. Davis J. H. mechanic, 6th s of Spruce. Davis James M. engineer, 423 Vermont. Davis Mrs. L. widow, cor. 9th and Elm. Davis Oscar F. second-band store, 66 N. 6th. Davis Thos. miller, 423 Vermont. DAY DR. RALPH H., residence, 146 South 3d street. He was born in Portland, Me., in 1826, and located in Quincy in 1870; married Hattie A. Coats in 1850. She was born in Syracuse, N. Y. They have two children living, Dell and Ralph H; are members of the Congregational Church. Mr. Day was engaged in paper manufacturing until 1855, when he retired and studied den. QUINCY DIRECTORY. 615 tistry, which he practiced for several years. He has been traveling in his present busi ness—agricultural implements— since 1868. Dayton Jas. R. bookstore, 818 Maine. Deaderick C. A. 86 S. 3d. Deary John E. carpenter, 324 Spring. Deaterns Mrs. Georgian, 1016 Vermont. De Crow Mrs. Hester, 638 Jersey. De Crow Warren, dentist, Maine e of 26th. Deece H. 603 Washington. Degitz Geo. cooper, 181 S. 8th. Dehner Chas. F. upholsterer, 201 N. 11th. Dehner S. turner, 808 Hampshire. Deltz Henry, stone mason, 917 State. DEKRIEGER CHRISTIAN, residence, No. 923 State street; dairyman; was born in Holland, May 22, 1811 ; came to the United States in 1843. His first wife was Cornelia Younkamp ; born in Germany, Au gust 5, 1799. She was mother of four chil dren, Peter, John, Christina and Margaret. His second wife was Annie Annist ; bom in Denmark ; members of the Evangelical Lu theran Salem Church. He emigrated from Germany to New Orleans in a sailing vessel ; was forty-two days making the trip. He lived in New Orleans three years, then came to Quincy, where he has resided since that time. When he came to Quincy hazel brush was growing in the court-house yard, and there were only three brick buildings in the city.Delaney John W. teacher, Oak e of 18th. Delapetrie Mrs. Theresa, 94 S. 10th. Delebar Charles, laborer, 12th n of Adams. Delebar Constantiue, boot and shoe maker, 1027 Hampshire. Delebar Joseph, butcher, 131 S. 6th. Delmater Mary J. widow, 333 State. Demaree Albert, city clerk, 5th n of Spruce. Demaree David, carpentJr, 647 Broadway. Demes Mr*. Mary, widow, 152 S. 7th. Denbrock Harmon, laborer, 230 N. 5th. DENMAN MRS. SARAH, retired, residence northeast corner of 9th and Broad way ; born in the city of New Haven, Conn. in 1808; married Mathias B. Denman in 1826 ; he was born in Philadelphia in 1803, where she moved in 1826; they located in Quincy in 1842. Mr. Denman opened an office for the sale of land, and was agent for many of the owners of land in the Military Tract, who resided east; Mr. Charles Atwater, Mrs. Denman's father, being one of the largest owners. Mr. Denman had retired from ^business several years before his death which occurred August 26, 1876, leaving his widow in affluent circumstances. Denning Wm. I). S. Mail Agt. 140 N. 12th. Devarle George, flour packer, 800 Ohio. Derhake B. laborer, cor. of 17th and Vine. Derry Mrs. Patrick, widow, 529 Payson ave. Dcterman Mrs. Mary K. 612 Payson ave. Deters. Frank, clerk, 634 Maine. Dettle, Leopold, cooper, 716 Slate. Deuerlein George, grocery, Broadway w of 20tii. Deusticker, John H. cabinet maker,|Madison w 10th. Dexter Mrs. Ellen, widow, 250 N. 5th. Dexter Robert, switchman, 4th s of Spruce. DICK HERMANN, brewer, cor ner of 6th and York streets, residence, 1118 State street; born in Belleville, St. Clair county, 111. in 1853; located in this city in 1856, with his parents, who commenced the brewing business in a small brewery of some 200 barrels capacity. Their present brewery has a capacity of some 50,000 bar rels. The firm title is Dick & Bros. Quincy Brewing Co., of which John is President, Matthew,Superintendant, and Hermann, Sec retary and Treasurer. They have a branch house in each of the following cities : Sher man, Texas; Kansas City, Mo., and Gales burg, 111. DICK JACOR (deceased). He was born in Germany, October 9, 1834, and emi grated to the United States when nineteen years of age, locating at Belleville, 111., and came to Quincy in 1857. He married Miss Margaret E. Redmond in Quincy, on July 24, 1861 ; she was born in this city, October 1,1840. Six children, three dead; living are, Anna M., Katie C. and August Redmond Dick. Mr. Dick engaged in the brewing business soon after he came to Quincy, in company with his two brothers, under the firm name of Dick & Bros. These men built one of the largest brewing establishments in the West. Mrs. Dick was the general business manager, and book-keeper. He died December 22, 1876. Dick Matthew, Supt. Brewery, 1118 State. Dick & Bros. Brewery cor. of 9th and Ycrk. Dickhut Mrs. Caroline, Broadway w of 20th. Dickhut Christian, teamster, 8th s of Payson ave. DICKHUT C. C, druggist, corner of 9th and Broadway ; residence, State be tween 10th and 11th street; born in Prussia in 1829; located in Pittsburg, Pa,, in 1832; went to Baton Rouge, La., in 1834, and in 616 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Quincy in 1836 ; married Annie B. Kinsley in 1854; she was born in Germany in 1832; their children are Emma, Annie and Alice ; are members of the M. E. Church. He is a Republican ; he has been in the drug busi ness since 1860 ; is a member of the I. O. O. F., and of the Evangelical Society ; he car ries a full stock of goods in his line. DICKHUT E. C, sawmill and lumber, Front street, near railroad bridge on Quincy Bay; residence, 521 York street; born in Quincy, October 10, 1851; married Miss Alice C. Osborn in 1876 ; she was born in this city in 1851; she died in 1877; she was a daughter of H. S. Osborn. Mr. Dick hut has been in the lumber business since 1872, and commenced manufacturing in 1875 ; he is of the firm of Van Doom, Dickhut & Co. DICKHUT HESTBY E., lumber merchant, corner of 5th and Broadway; born in this county in 1848; commenced business in 1868 ; .married Miss Katie Cook in 1871 ; she was born in Dayton, Ohio, in 1852; they have two children, William H., and Katie H. ; are members of the M. E. Church. Republican. He owns an interest in the saw-mill of Van Doom, Dickhut & Co. ; keeps on hand at all times a full line of lumber, laths, shingles, etc. ; he has been in this business since he was twenty years of age. Dickhut John C. H. carpenk-i-,;608 Washington. Dickhut Wm. clerk, Maine e of 10th. Dickhut Wm. 521 leaving a widow and three children, of whom John H. is the oldest. He is an ener getic, enterprising young man, who, by industry, perseverance and integrity, has built up a substantial and lucrative business. He is also General District Agent for the K. P. R. R. lands and for locating soldiers' homesteads. He is a young man of good appearance and address, and well qualified for business. Meyer Mrs. Julia, Lind w of 20th. Meyer & Kespohl, whol. grocers, 46 and 48 N. 3d. Meyer Landolen, wagonmaker, Broadway bet. 18th and 20th. MEYER PETER H., contractor and builder, 207 and 209 S. 8th street; son of Henry and Annie Meyer ; was born in West phalia, Europe, Dec. 25, 1840 ; came to this QUINCY DIRECTORY. 663 country in 1856; married Annie Menke in 1844. She was born in same place. They have three children : Eddie, Annie and Laura. Mr. and Mrs. M. are members of the German Lutheran Church (St. Peter's)- In tlie year 1875 the Presbyterian Church was commenced, which Mr. Meyer finished, and was destroyed on Jan. 2, 1879, which he is now re-building; also built several blocks, ono for Warfleld & Lesem; also built tho M. E. Church at Camp Point; does a btisincsH of from $75,000 to $100,000 a year, and runs from forty to forty-five hands ; after coming to this country for five years ho worked a farm ; was poor and had no trade at that time; being a natural mechanic ho look up the trade, and to-day is the leading builder in tho city; litis a fine residence, and is one of the sound men of tho city. Meyer Peter II contractor, 205 S. Sth. Meyer Rudolph, teomstor, 7th s of Jefferson. Meyer Miss Rosa, 816 Hampshire MEYER WILLIAM DANIEL, lime burner, Delaware near Front ; resilience, Payson ave, between 8th and 9th; born in Prussia in 1832; cnmo to the United States in 1856, and located in Quincy; married Mary Benhoft' in 1867. She was born in Westphalia, Prussia. They have, four chil dren: Sophia, Caroline, Charlie and Herman. Members of Lutheran Church. lie has been in the lime business since 1860. Meyerarnd William, painter, 020 Payson ave. Michael Miss Annie, 1114 Adams. Michael Mrs. Catherine, H26 Broadway. Michael Herman, cooper, 1111 Adams. Michaels Wm. carriage trimmer, 1020 Spring. MICHULMANN JOHN II., boiler and sheet-iron works, corner Spring and 2d streets; residence 63!) Ohio; born in Prussia, Germany, in 1830; came to the United Slates in 1853 ; located in Evansville Ind.; and in Quincy in 1855. He married Maggie Sluckcr in 1857. She was born in New Orleans. They liavc six children: Minnie, Lizzie, Henry, Amelia, Clara and Albert. Arc members of tho Kvangelical Church. Independent in politics. Ho has been in business sinco 1865. Ho manufac tures new boilers and repairs old, and does a general business in his line. Mlchelmann John II. boiler maker, 689 Ohio. Michels Andrew, sale on, cor. 5th and York. Mick Mrs. Cordelia, 8th s of Kentucky. Mlddendorf B. H. general store, cor. 11th and Gak. Middondorf Mrs. E. widow, cor. 11th and Ches! nut. Mlddendorf Fred, blacksmith, 712 Payson ave. Mlddendorf Herman, brick maker, Elm e of 10th. Mlddendorf Wm. teamster, cor. 11th and Oak. Mikesoll Mrs. Elizabeth, widow, 70 N. 8th. MIKES KLL JOHN P., Super- intendent Board of Public. Works; residence- 92 N. 9th street; son of John and Elizabeth Mikesoll; was born in Morgan, West Va. July 19, 1834 ; came to this county in 1841 -r married Eliza Payne. She was born in Adams county, 111, Oct. 18, 1844. Two chil dren: Ella and Edith. He left Virginia when he was six years old; went to Warren county, Ohio; lived there two years ; thence to Adams county, 111.; in 1849 went to Cali fornia; was in the mines two years; thence to Australia and South America; traveled extensively in foreign countries; in 1861 en listed in the 18th Mo. Inf, Co. I; was com missioned Captain of the company ; was in several skirmishes up to the battle of Shiloh ; was taken prisoner at Shiloh, in the first day's fight; was confined in Libby Prison and other places; after being held eight months was paroled and returned lohis regi ment; was in the service three years; has served as Alderman six years; in 1878 was. appointed Superintendent of Public Works. Millard Albert B. painter, 1257 Hampshire. MILL ARO ROBERT, " One Horse " Livery Stable, 1257 Hampshire street; residence same; born in Washington county, N. Y, in 1825; located in Quincy, 1K5I); married Miss Kate Follett in 1855. She was born in Troy, N. Y. They have two children, Albert B. and Frank. They attend the Unitarian Church. He is a Dem ocrat, lit- first commenced business with Mr. Byington. Miller A. T. druggist, Kentucky, bet. 12th and 14th. Miller B. carpenter, 7th s of State. Miller Benj. blacksmith, Broadway e of 18th. MILLER DttRNARR H., drug gist, 502 Maine street. He was born in Nor- den, Germany, Jan. 4, 1848; came to the United States with his parents, landing at Now Orleans in 1849; went to St, Louis in 1850 ; from there to Quincy, arriving April 15, 1850. He returned to St. Louis 'in 1864 and attended the St. Louis College of Phar macy in 1865 ; then again went to Quincy, in the fall of 1866, and engaged in tlie employ of Somnier & Metz, druggists. In 1868 asso 664 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. ciated himself with George Terdenge and -opened a drug store on the corner of 9th and Broadway, the firm being Miller and Ter denge. They continued there till 1874, when they formed a copartnership with Aldo Som- mer, and removed to 502 Maine street, firm then became Sommer, Miller & Terdenge. They purchased Mr. Sommer's interest and took as partner Albert Sellner ; the firm name was changed to Miller, Terdenge & Co. Mr. Miller married Hattie Henshall, June 6, 1872. She was born in Buffalo, N. Y, Aug. 10, 1854 ; Have had three children : Willie G, born April 19, 1873, died July 27, 1873; Hat tie, born Sept. 27, 1874, died Feb. 5, 187S, and L^ora, born Oct. 16, 1876, died Aug. 12, 1877. Miller Mrs Bertha, widow, 628 Maine. Miller Bernard, 7th bet. Ohio and State. Miller Chas. baker, Lind bet. 12th and 13th. Miller Christ, laborer, 913 Payson ave. Miller D. W. prop. Revere House, No. 3 S. 5th. Miller Mrs. E. B. widow, 5th n of Maple. MILLER D. $., proprietor of the _ steel, manufactured by the iEtna Iron Works. Pfau J. Louis Sr. galvanized Iron works, 15 S. 5th. Pfeifer Mrs. Barbara, Vine, e of 5th. Pfeifer Chas. 418 Washington. Pfeifer Henry, laborer, 512 Payson ave. Pflrmaun Bernard, 624 Adams. Pflrmann Bernard, butcher, 527 Adams. Pflrman V. & J. P., butchers, Payson ave, bet. 3d and 4th. Phelps Mrs. Elizabeth, cor. 25th and Hampshire. Phelps Geo. teamster, cor. 25th and Hampshire. Phelps Mrs. Martha, 4th, n of Cherry. PHELPS MARK, boat-builder; foot of Broadway; residence, between 2d and 3d, on Vine ; born in Hamilton county, Ohio, 1829; located in Quincy, in 1835; married Elsa Edgington, in 1860. She was born in Ohio, and raised in Covington, Ky. He commenced boat-building in 1847. En listed in Co. F, 10th Regt. 111. Inf. (Col. Till son); was wounded at Bentonville, N. C, March 21, 1865, and had his left leg amputat ed; was mustered out at David's Island, New- York Harbor, July, 1865. He lias facilities for, and is prepared to take, contracts to build boats of any size for river purposes, skiffs, etc. ; all kinds of row boats and oars. Boats to rent and sell. Phillips Mrs. C. widow, 1117 Maire. PICKARD JAMES, saloon, 329 Hampshire street; residence, Vermont, between 15th and 16th streets ; born in County Mayo, Ireland, in 1840. He came to the United States in 1848, with his parents; located in New York ; came to Quincy, in 1856. He has been connecter}, with the liquor business since 1859, and in business for himself since 1875. He married Miss Mary Shelby, in 1862. She was born in the County Caven, Ireland. They have five children: Mary, Hellen, James, Sarah, and John. His family are members of the Catholic Church. He is Independent in politics. He is a public-spirited citizen, liberal in all local enterprises of a public character.Pickert Mrs. Mary, cor. 8th and Adams. Pieper Diedrich Jr. gardner, 7th, s of Mouroe. Pieper Fred, cabinet maker, 929 State. Pieper Geo. molder, 7tb, s of Monroe. Pieper Geo. carpenter, 1001 Jefferson. Pieper W. H. stoves, etc, cor. Sth and Jefferson. Pierce Mrs. Mary, widow', 216 Broadway. Piggott Michael, postmaster, Vermont, e of 4th. Pigott John, clerk, cor. 6th and Elm. Pllcher Mrs. 92 S. Sth. PILGERIM JO HAN HEIN- RICH, boot and shoemaker, 287 South 7th street; residence, same; was born in Bramsche, Fursti-ntum Osnabruck, Hano ver, April, 1828; emigrated to America, arriving at Baltimore, Sept. 20, 1868, going direct to Quincy; married Miss Margaretha Vogs, June 9, 1852, in the same place where he was born. She was born in the same place, Feb. 2, 1831,and emigrated to America, with her husband and children. Four children: Johan Heinrich, born Oct. 4, 1853; Anna Maria, born Sept. 11, 1858 (now Mrs. Steffan) ; Amalia, born Nov. 4, 1861 ; and Herman Frederick, born Feb. 28, 1865. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Republican. Was a member of the 7th Inf. Regt, 3d Co, stationed at Osnabruck from April, 1849, till 1856, when he was honorably discharged. Is a member of the Protestant Widows and Orphans' Association of Quincy. Real and personal property estimated at $1,500. Piner Mrs. Lizzie, 828 Broadway. Pinkelmann Mrs. C. Broadway w of 20th. PINKHAM NATHAN, capital ist; residence corner 14th and Maine streets ; bom in Franklin county, Me., in 1815. He located in Quincy in 1839, and immediately started the first livery stable ever started in QUINCY DIRECTORY. 677 Quincy. He continued in that business till 1868, and ran the first omnibus to steamboats in Quincy. He married Ellen E. Davis in 1866. She was born in the same county and State. They have one child, Carrie May. He sold out his livery stock in 1868, and erected the Academy of Music soon after, and reconstructed and improved the same at an expense of $16,000 last year, making it one of the most comfortable and attractive places of amusement west of Chicago. It is on the ground floor, furnished with im proved patent chairs, and will seat' from 1,500 to 2,000 people. He owns an elegant residence at the corner of 14th and Maine streets, and other property-Jin Quincy worth $250,000. Piper John, farmer, 1125 Hampshire. Pipino Jacob C. gun store, 618 Hampshire. PIpino Geo. H. gunsmith, cor. 2d and York. PIPINO WILLIAM C, Physi- cian and Surgeon, corner of 6th and Maine streets ; residence 142 N. 8th street ; born in Baltimore, Md, in 1852; studied in the Maryland University and graduated in 1873. He married Miss Kate Gwin in 1877. She was born in Missouri in 1856. He is a Dem ocrat in politics ; moved to this city in 1873, and soon after to Jacksonville, 111, where he was appointed House Surgeon in the Sur gical Infirmary. He remained in that posi tion until 1875; resigned and returned to Quincy. He commenced the practice of medicine in this city in 1875. He is one of the attending physicians of Blessing Hospi tal in this city ; is also City Physician, and has medical charge of the Adams county jail. He held the position of Attending Physician to the Orphans' Home in 1876-7. He is a member of K. of P. and of the A. O. U. W. The doctor is a young man of energy, pluck, perseverance and ability. Pitkin Mrs. Mary, cor. 25th and High. Pitney S. C. Hampshire e of 20th. PITNEY WARREN F., real estate and loans, 520 Maine street ; residence 1500 Vermont street ; was born in New York City in 1842. He located in this city in 1850. He married Miss Jennie E. Arthur in 1869. She was born in St. Louis in 1847. They have one boy, Arthur W. Mrs. Pitney is a Presbyterian in religion. He is a Democrat in politics. He was Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court from 1855 till 1864, when he went as Chief Clerk in the Quartermasters' Department, with Col. Hatch, where he re mained one year. He established his present business in 1865; was elected member of City Council in 1875, and re-elected in 1877, and is now in office. PITTMAN L. M., Superintendent Work House; residence 170 N. 11th street. He was born in the State of Mississippi, Dec. 27, 1823, qjid was raised in Kentucky ; came to Quincy Dec. 1, 1847 ; married Miss Abbie Jones in Fleming county, Ky, Feb. 14, 1846. She was born in the same county, Aug. 10, 1822, and came with her husband to Adams county and settled in Burton township, where they remained until 1852 ; then rnpved to Quincy. Children, four dead, and four living : Mary Jane, aged 29 ; Martha Ann, aged 28 ; Frances A, 22, and Polly America, aged 15 years. Politics, strong Democrat. He held the position of a Policeman in 1858 ; was appointed Superin tendent of the Work House, under the ad ministration of Mayor Thomas Jasper, in 1860, and re-appointed by Mayor I. O. Wood ruff in 1861, and again appointed by Mayor Rearick in 1874, and last by Mayor L. D. White in 1877, and now holds the same posi tion under Mayor Rogers. Real and personal property valued at $7,000. PLACE JAMES H., architect, corner 6th and Hampshire ; born in Stafford county, N. H, in 1832 ; moved to Ramsey county, Minn, in 1856, and to this county in 1875 ; was in Chicago from '72 to '75 ; was employed as railroad civil engineer in Min nesota, but followed architect business since he came to Illinois in 1872. He married Mrs. A. L. Perkins (Woodwortk) in 1861. She had one daughter, Molly R. Perkins, by a former marriage. They are members of the Episcopal Church. He is a Democrat. He is Vice-President of the I. O. M. A. ; was County Surveyor and Justice of the Peace several terms, in Stearns county, Minn. Fohlmann Geo. H. cooper, 1015 Kentucky. Poling Theodore, attorney, Maine bet. 22d and 24th. Pomroy Caleb M. 322 Jersey. Pool Eugene, molder, cor. 3d and Elm. Pool Wm. W. grocer, cor. 5th and Locust. Pope Thomas (Pope & Baldwin), Vermont bet. 16th and 18th. Fopenoe Harry O. carrier, 1114 Jersey. Popp Julius, butcher, cor. 3d and Ohio. Popping John, laborer, 185 N. 11th. 678 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Popping Henry, cooper, 1026 Oak. Pott Herman, tailor, cor. 10th and Jackson: Potter John L. farmer, 22 S. 7th. POTTER JOHN, woodenware manufactory, Front street between Washing ton and Jefferson ; residence 316 Kentucky street ; born in Fitzwilliam, N. H, in 1813 ; located in this city in 1840. He started a measure factory and, soon after, a bucket factory, the only one in the West, in 1844, which was burnt out in 1847. He then es tablished a wooden-measure factory, and made washboards and anything he could sell, including pork plugs. He is how man ufacturing tobacco drums, of which he is the patentee, having obtained a patent Aug. 16, 1870; also fine-cut tobacco pails. He married Mary E. Felton in 1837. She was born in Boston, Mass, in 1815. Two chil dren : John F. and Mary Elicia. He is a member of the I. 0. O. F, Quincy Lodge, and a Republican. POTTHOFF JOHAN HEIN- RICH, boot and shoe store, northwest corner 8th and Adams ; residence, same. He was born in Neuenkirgen, Westphalia, Europe, Sept. 20, 1823, and emigrated to America via Baltimore in 1867, going direct to St. Louis, Mo. ; from thence to St. Paul, Minn, where he remained two years; after which time he returned to Europe, remain ing two years and six months, when he re turned to St. Paul, and from there to Quincy, 111, in Oct, 1873. He married Miss Anna Maria Cordbrunig in Neuenkirgen, Europe, in Feb., 1848. She was horn in the same place in 1817, and emigrated to America with her husband. One son, John Heinrich, aged 48 years. Religion, Roman Catholic. Politics, Democrat. Is a member of St. Joseph's Benevolent Association of Quincy, and was a soldier in the 39th Infantry, sta tioned at Luxemburg, under the King of Prussia, from 1844 to 1847. He is a mes senger, and waiter upon the sick, in the St. Joseph's Benevolent Association. Powell Max, cigars, etc., 516 Vermont. Prante Adolph, laborer, cor. 13th and Jefferson. Prante C. L. brickyard, cor. 16th and Jefferson. Prendergast Philip, stone mason, cor. 9th and Vine. Prentiss H. P. Hampshire e of 25th. Preston Mrs. Matilda, 20 S. 11th. PREVOST A. J. F., provision dealer, "Foster Pork House;" residence, 8th bet. Oak and Vine; born in Otsego county, N. Y, in 1821 ; located in Morgan county, 111, in 1834, in Brown county iu 1836, and in this county in 1860. He married Miss Candace Crim in 1851. She was born in Ohio. They have one child, Libbie M. Are members of the Presbyterian Church. He is Democrat in politics. He is City Treasurer, being elected the spring of 1878. He is a member of the Masonic order. PRINCE EDWARD, civil engi neer and attorney-at-law; office, foot of Maine; residence, 4th bet. Kentucky and York. He was born in West Bloomfield, Ontario county, N. Y, Dec. 8, 1832, and moved with his parents to Payson, in this county, in 1835. In 1845 he went to the Illinois College, at Jacksonville, and gradu ated in the class of 1851-'52 ; commenced the study of law with Williams & Lawrence in 1853, and was admitted to the bar the same year. He practiced law until the breaking out of the war, and received the appointment of Cavalry Drill Master at Camp Butler, in 1861, with the rank of Captain, and was pro moted Lieutenant Colonel same year ; pro moted Colonel of the 7th 111. Cav, June 1, 1862, and served with his regiment until mus tered out, when Colonel Prince returned to Quincy, and became one of the firm of Moore & Co, land agents, of which he is now the only surviving member. In 1871 he turned his attention to hydraulic engines, and con structed the first water-works of this city (Quincy), and is now Superintendent, and owner of one-half of the same. He married Miss V. M. Arthur, at Quincy, Sept. 24, 1867. She was born in St. Clair county, 111, Oct. 18, 1840. They have one child, named Edith, born April 30, 1871. Is a member of Quincy Lodge, No. 296, A. F. & A. M. Prieskorn Chas. boots and shoes, 58 S. 7th. Pritchard Mrs. Sietta, 643 Hampshire. Proctor Mrs. E. J. widow, 633 Vine. PROESCHER AUGUST L., cabinet-maker and undertaker, 828 State; residence, 826 State. He was born in Geln- hausen Kur-Hessen, Europe, April 8, 1825; emigrated to America in 1853, landing in New York City ; went from there to Albany, N. Y, and worked at his trade (cabinet- making) two years ; thence to Milwaukee, Wis, staying six months, but lived in the State ten years, after which he went to Han nibal, Mo, remaining three years. From QUINCY DIRECTORY. 679 there he went to Quincy, 111, and has resided in the " Gem City " ever since. He married Josephina Lanz, at Milwaukee, Wis, Sept- 29, 1856, who was born in Garthnow, Wur temberg, Europe, March 31, 1824, and emi grated to America, directly to Milwaukee, via New York and Chicago, in 1849. Mr Proescher was Town Treasurer of Kilboum City, Wis, from 1864 to 1866. Religion, Lu theran. Politics, Republican. Property, real and personal, valued at $3,000. Pryor Washington, carpet weaver, Lind e of 9th. PURCELL WILLIAM, livery, 617 and 619 Hampshire; residence, 1025 Hampshire ; born in Kilcooley, County Tip- perary, Ireland, in 1843 ; came to the United States in 1853; located in Huron county, Ohio ; and in this city in 1865 ; married Miss Isabella Brooks in 1873. She was born in this city in 1856. They have three children : Edith, and Austin and Willie (twins). Are members of the Catholic Church. Democrat. He started the livery business in August, 1876. Deceased, March 24, 1879. Purnell James E . attorney, 1500 Broadway. Pnrnell Riley L. farmer, Chestnut e of 9th. Purpur Jacob E. clerk, 646 State. PURPUS W. H., groceries, boots, shoes, etc, 1030 State street. He was born in Bavaria, Europe, in 1847, and came to Zanes- ville, Ohio, in 1850 ; came to Quincy, Ills, in 1851 ; wa's clerk in Duker & Bro.'s store for five years ; clerked in other stores for the suc ceeding ten years and then went into busi ness for himself; married Miss Carolina Meyers Sept. 11, 1872, who was born in Quincy, 111, on the 4th of May, 1853. Two children : one died (infant) in 1873 ; living, Leoui, aged two years. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. Real and personal property valued at $7000. Putman John, grocer, 307, N. Sth. Puttermann Anton, carpenter, 1032 Vine. Q Quest Fred, cigars etc, Ohio, between 13th and 14th. Quintan Mrs. Rosa, cor. 4th and Lind. Quinliven Michael, laborer, Elm e of 6th. Quinn Henry, tobacconist, 807 State. Qniter Zacharius, shoemaker, 178 N. 10th. R RARE FREDERICK W., sa loon, 835 State street, between 8th and 9th; residence same. He was born in Ampt Hepen, Kreis Bilefeld, Prussia, in Sept. 1828 and emigrated to America, landing at New Orleans, La, with his wife and one child, in 1851, coming direct to Quincy, Ills, and, shortly afterward received a position in Comstock' s foundry which he held for seven teen years. In 1861, while temporarily at work in Van Doom's saw mill, he had the misfortune to lose his right arm. In 1868 he opened his present large place. He mar ried Miss Sophia Wismann in Hepen, Eu rope, in the fall of 1849. She was born in the same place where she married, in 1832. Three children : Yetta, aged 25 years ; Anna, aged 22 years ; and Emma, aged 16 years. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Democrat. Property, real and personal, valued at $5000. Raichel A. D, 6th n of Spring. Raines Jackson, laborer, 422 Payson ave. RAISH JOHN, tinner, residence 832 Payson ave. ; born in Buford county, Pa, in 1840; moved with his parents to this city in 1844; married Miss Johanna Wachlin in 1860. She was born in Germany 1839. They have one child, Albert D. He is a Democrat; was elected Street Commissioner April, 1878. He learned the business of tin ner in 1856 and has been engaged in that business until elected to his present office : he was elected by 800 majority, the largest ever given for that office in this city. RALSTON HON. JAMES H., was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, in 1807. Soon after attaining his majority he removed to Quincy, Ills, and entered upon the practice of law. He served in the Black Hawk war. Subsequently he represented his district in the State House of Represen tatives at a. time when Lincoln, Douglas, Hardin, Shields, and Col. Baker were mem bers of the legislature. In 1837 he was elected Circuit Judge, resigning, however, after two years service. In 1841 he was elected to the State Senate. Judge Ralstou took an active interest in politics until the Mexican war, when he was commissioned as Captain and put in command of the Alamo at San Antonia, Texas. From this place all supplies and munitions of war were forwarded to the American army ope rating in Northern Mexico. Soon after the close of the Mexican war he removed to Cal ifornia, and was a member of its first State 680 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Senate. In 1856 he was a candidate for the Chief Justiceship of California, but defeated. In 1860 he removed to Nevada, and occu pied a prominent position in that state until 1864, when he died, near Austin, Nevada. In 1833 he married . the daughter of Col. Alexander, a well-known citizen of Adams county. This lady died prior to Mr. Rals- ton's removal to California. In 1853 he married Harriet Jackson, daughter of Rev. Aaron Jackson, formerly the Baptist clergy. man of Quincy. One son by this marriage is living, Mr. J. H. Ralston, now practicing law in Quincy. RALSTON JOSEPH N., deceased ; was the son of a farmer of Bourbon County, Ky, where he was born, Jan. 25, 1801. Here his early life was passed, chiefly in agricul tural pursuits, and here he married a Miss Grant, who died after bearing him three children. Of these, one son only, Virgil Y. Ralston, lived to manhood. He inherited much of his father's ability, and on the eve of the breaking out of the rebellion, as editor of the Quincy Whig, had achieved a reputa tion as a vigorous and brilliant writer. In heriting also the patriotism of his sire, on the outbreak of the war he entered the army as a Captain in the 16th Regt. 111. Inf, but failing health compelled him to resign. Having partially recovered, he re-entered the service in an Iowa regiment, and died in the prime of life, at Jefferson Barracks, of dis ease contracted in the field. On the death of Virgil's mother, his father turned his attention to scientific pursuits, attended medical lectures at Lexington, Ky, and in 1832 removed to Quincy and entered upon the practice of medicine. In 1837 he married Miss Margaretta Mitch ell, who survives him. Of the seven children of this union two died in infancy. Five daughters are still living. Dr. Ralston continued the practice of medi cine until the last year of his life, dying in June, 1876. Of his eminence in the profes sion it is sufficient to say that for more than forty years he held a leading position among the physicians of Quincy and Adams coun ty. He was one of the founders and the first president of the Adams County Medical Society, and was at several subsequent per iods re-elected to that position. From its organization, in 1850, until the year of his death, he generally held some office of honor or trust in, the society. Weighted down through his long life with the cares and anxieties of the most exacting of professions, he never forgot the duties of a citizen, maintaining to the last his interest in public affairs. He served in the City Council in the earlier history of the city, when he could do so without neglecting his practice, and only once, later, gave himself a brief respite from professional duties when appointed by the President, in 1868, one of the visitors to the Military Academy at West Point. He was keenly alive to the educational interests of his adopted home, and had a leading part in inducing Catherine Beecher to establish a school in Quincy, now many years ago. Later he took part in establish ing Quincy College, under the control of the Methodist Church, with which he was always actively identified, and was one of the trus tees of that institution. For many years he was an active Mason ; was one of the founders of Bodley Lodge No. 1, of Quincy, and participated in the establishment of the Grand Lodge of Illi nois, in which body he attained to the rank of Junior Grand Warden. He was devoted to the fraternity to the last, and was buried with its rites. Identified with every movement promising to promote the public welfare, enjoying a leading social position, and maintaining always a large practice, probably no man in Quincy has ever had so extensive an acquain tance 'among all classes of its people as he. He was rather tall and spare in figure, dig- nifiedVn carriage, courteous almost to punc tiliousness in manner, clean and precise in speech. Self-poised, keen in his perceptions, steadfast in his convictions, sagacious in counsel, the sturdy virtues which command ed for him universal respect, were rooted in a kind and strongly sympathetic nature, which won the enduring love of kindred and the affectionate regard of those to whom he min istered. Two brothers of Dr. Ralston formerly lived in Quincy, Judge James H. Ralston, who removed to, and died in, California, and Wil liam H. Ralston, now a prominent citizen of Leavenworth, Kansas. Ralston Mrs. M. H, 304 Jersey. (deceased) QUI NCY QUINCY DIRECTORY. 681 RANDALL HENRY, furnace man ufacturer, 717 Hampshire; residence, same; born in London, England, in 1824; located in Quincy in 1851, after spending two years in Campbell county, Kentucky. He married Harriet Baumont in 1848. She was born in London, England, Sept. 7, . Died, Feb. 27, 1879. Religion, Baptist. Politics, Re publican. He has been in business in this city since 1851, and is therefore one of the old est living business residents of Quincy. He is a reliable and skillful mechanic. Repairs furnaces and is also a bell hanger. Eandell Mrs. J. P.. 640 Vermont. Randies JackBon, blacksmith, n end of 5th. Rasche Chas, tailor, 1118 Payson ave. Rasche Deiderick, tailor, 1118 Payson ave. RATTI COSTANTINO, manu facturer of umbrellas, etc, 618 Hampshire street. He was born in Cumune Mozzio, Mandamento di Crodo, provincia Palanza, Italia, Europa, April 20, 1845, and emigrated to America, arriving at New York Dec. 31, 1870; from thence to New Orleans, La.; staid nine months ; then to St. Louis, Mo. , remaining one year. He then went to Mem phis, Tenn, remained two years, then re turned to St. Louis ; from there to Quincy, Illinois, arriving April 5, 1875. Religion, Roman Catholic. Politics, Royalist. Real and personal property estimated at $700. Rauhohl Mrs. Anna, 808 Adams. R AUKOHL H. H., groceries, queens- ware and saloon, cor. 8th and Madison streets; residence, same ; was born in Herford, Regier ungs-bezirk, Minden, Europe, May 5, 1842, and emigrated to America, arriving.at New Orleans, La, with his parents, in 1853, com ing direct to Quincy, Illinois. His father died at St. Louis, Mo. He married Miss Frederika Stukenhol, at Quincy, 111, March 20, 1868. She was born .near Enger Kreis Herford, Regierungs-bezirk Preus-Minden, Europe, J une 15, 1848 and emigrated to Ameri ca, June 1, 1867, coming direct to Quincy, 111. Four children ; one dead, three living: Anna Maria, born Dec. 23, 1868, Amanda Maria, August 16, 1874; Ida Louise Wilhel mina, August 16, 1877. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Republican. Enlisted in Co. F. 3d Regt. 111. Cav, at Quincy, 111, August 5, 1861 ; was honorably discharged at Springfield, 111, Sept. 5, 1864 ; participated with his regiment in all its battles, and never was absent from his company until discharged from the ser. vice. Real and personal properly estimated at $3,000. Rawling* John, shoemaker, 134 s. 5th. Eearick F.Justice of the peace, 137 and 139 S. 6th- Reardon James, teamster, Elm w of 20th. Reardon Michael, 616 Vine. Recker Bernard, carpenter, 7th n of Oak. Recker Herman, carpenter, cor. 13th and Elm. RECKMEYER JOHN E., deceas ed; widow resides at 815 State street. He was born in Hallo, Germany, in 1801; came to the United States in 1847 ; married Kath arina Wollbrink in 1854. She was born in Enger, Germany, in 1829. Four children living : Annie, Charlie, Herman, and Minnie. Members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. R. died Nov. 28, 1867. He was a carpenter. He gave his children a good common school education: Plis two only sons are engaged in the job printing business at the above lo cation, and do all kinds of job printing. Herman belongs to the Good Templars. Mr. Reckmeyer has two sons by a former mar riage, living in Nebraska. Reckmeyer Mrs. Katriua, 815 State. Recksieck Henry, tailor, 718 Adams. Red-man Joseph, laborer, Monroe w of 7th. Rediger Adam, clerk, 112 S 7th. Redmond James, contractor, 1103 Jersey. Redmond Miss Katie C. 1103 Jersey. Redmond Miss Mollie G. 1103 Jersey. Redmond Pat. H. 1103 Jersey. Redmond Thomas, Jr. 1103 Jersey. HON. THOMAS REDMOND, (deceased) ; was born in Kilkenny, Ireland, about 1804; came to the United States when 16 years of age, and located in Ver mont. He began the battle of life in the New World dependent entirely upon his own resources. He spent a number of years in the New England States actively em- ployedat whatever work offered. He mar ried Mary Dunlevy in Boston, and immedi ately started for St. Louis to seek a home and a fortune in the grand Mississippi Val ley. After visiting several points higher up the river, he decided to settle in Quincy, and landed here July 3, 1837. Mr. Red mond had little else than willing hands and a fine practical business talent to start with in the young city, but enterprise and un flinching integrity rapidly won friends and started him on the high road to success. Having accumulated a little ready money, 682 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. when the Northern Cross Railroad was be ing constructed between Quincy and Clay ton, he secured a contract, bought horses and carts, and, in company with Will iam Shannahan and Samuel Holmes, ex ecuted the work at a good profit. He con tinued as a contractor for a number of years, the firm at different times being known as Holmes, Redmond & Shannahan^ Redmond, Dunlevy & Co, Redmond, Pow ers & Smith, and Redmond & Holmes. He invested his growing capital in real estate in and near Quincy, thereby laying the foundation for his large fortune. In 1848, having extensive financial interests in the city, he was elected a member of the City Council, and filled the office so satisfactorily that he was re-elected and held the position for many years. He was chosen Mayor to fill the vacancy caused by I. O. Woodruff's resignation in 1860, and so acceptably did he perform the executive duties that he was re-elected three consecutive years following, making a term of service as Alderman and Mayor of twenty-one- years. He resigned the office of Mayor in 1864 to accept a seat in the State Legislature, where he honored his position. At the expiration of the term Mr. Redmond devoted his attention to private business; but the people, not will ing to dispense with his valuable services, some years later elected him Supervisor-at- Large, as a member of which Board he manifested his usual zeal and ability in the interests of his constituency. From that to his death, which occurred Dec. 20, 1878, he was chiefly occupied in looking after his large estate. Among his many sterling qualities, none shone brighter than his ac-, tive benevolence. His heart and his purse were ever open to the petitions of the de serving poor and the suffering. Although his charities were many and liberal, and be stowed regardless of race or color, they were entirely without ostentation or display, the glad recipients seldom knowing from whom the blessings came. His wife preceded him several years across the "dark river." He left a family of three sons and four daughters, James, Mrs. Margaret Dick, Pat. H, Mrs. E. J. Williams, Katie C, Thomas and Mollie G. Redmond.Reed F. O, clerk, 709 Broadway. REED FRANK W., confection ery, 1025 Maine street; born in Racine, Wis, in 1859; came to- Quincy May 1, 1877, and went in business Oct. 1, 1878, on a capi- tal of only $30. By strict attention to busi ness and good judgment, buying only for cash, he has increased his capital to $500. He keeps a full line of stationary and con fectionery, and sells at the lowest figures for cash only. He has an advantage in pur chasing, his brother being a manufacturer of confectionery. Reed Geo. V. carpenter, 913 Payson ave. REED H. H., saloon and restaurant, corner of 3d street and Market Square; born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1816 ; located in St. Louis in 1868, and in Pittsfield, Pike county, 111, in 1870, and in Quincy in 1874; married Helen Abbott in 1858. She was born in New York in 1838. Have two chil dren, Frank and Harry. Is a Mason, No. 95 Perry Lodge. Democrat. Mrs. Reed is a member of the Unitarian Church. He is a member of the firm of Fourquet & Reed, at above number. Reed Mrs. Mary, artist, 709 Broadway. Reed Wellington, machinist, corner 9th and Jersey. REED MRS. W. A., photograph gallery, 403 Hampshire street; residence, 709 Broadway; was born in Tennessee in 1818 ; went with her parennts to St. Louis, Mo, in 1819, where she lived until 1848, when they moved to Quincy. She married Mr. Warren A. Reed in 1842. He was born in Ohio in 1822, and died in 1858. They had five children, three of whom were dead before the death of Mr. Reed. Ferdinand and Warren survived him. Warren died in 1873. Ferdinand is a resident of Gales burg, in this State. Mrs. Reed's is the old est established photograph house in Quincy, being thirty years established. She has a first-class artist, who does her work under her personal supervision. Her gallery was burned in November, 1878, which she has refitted with improved instruments and ac commodation, and is now prepared to do all kinds of photograph work, in-doors or out. Rean Wm. basket maker, 1009 Kentucky. Rees Cspar, teamster, 53 S. 8th. Reich Conrad, blacksmith, 725 Ohio. Reichl Edmond, cor. 10th and York. Reidinger Adam, liborer, 1251 H impshire. Reiley John, switchman, 412 Vine. Reidy Thos. laborer, Chestnut, e of 3d. QUINCY DIRECTORY. 683 Reimann Geo. soap manufacturer, 936 Jersey. Relnarman B. brick mason, 57 N. 12th. Reinbacb Mrs. Anna, cor. 7th and Washington. Reinbeck H. W. fancy goods, 612 Hampshire. Reinberg Christ, farmer, Jackson, n of 10th. Rein?cker Fred J. carpenter, 916 Ohio. Reinecker Fred. J. P. builder, 627 Oak. Reinecker Herman, milk dairy, 1263 Hampshire. Reinhart Mrs. Margaret, 5th, n of Madison. REINOLD P. Ha, saloon, corner of 6th and Vermont streets; residence, same. He was bom in Beckum, Westphalia, Europe, Feb. 15, 1834. He came to the United States in 1855, locating at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he remained one year ; thence to West Point, Iowa, remaining six months ; then to Keokuk, Iowa, working in a brewery for one year; then to St. Louis, Mo, where he worked in Lemp's brewery for two years!; he then returned to West Point, Iowa, and started a brewery, opening in August, 1860, continuing it four years. In 1864, he went to Nauvoo, where he conducted a vineyard for eight years. In 1872, he returned to Keokuk, Iowa, where he built a brewery, etc, at an expense of nearly $32,000. An artesian well, located under a dwelling, sunk, taking part of the house with it, causing a damage of over $3,000. To complete the trouble, next year a tornado swept the brew ery away, and what was left sold for $4,550. He then came to Quincy, going into the saloon business. He married Miss Cath- arina Wischard, Aug. 20, 1860. They have six children : Katie, Amelia, Henry, Willie, Minnie, and Joseph. They are members of the Catholic Church. He is a Democrat. On account of his politics, he was the first sufferer in the late unpleasantness in 1860, when he was thrown at with bricks, and in jured at St. Louis, Mo, being at the time when the Turn Halle was barricaded for two days and nights. Reis Geo. carpenter, 715 Van Buren. Reish John, tinner, 832 Payson ave. Reiter Jacob, shoemaker, cor. 8th and Adams. Renfrow Jefferson, saloon, Olive bet. Spring Si Oak. RENGSTORFF MRS. «ES- INA, saloon, northeast corner of 6th street and Payson avenue. She was born in Ost Freesland, Europe, Sept. 4, 1831, and came to America with her parents, m the year 1850, landing at New Orleans, La. She was married to Henry Martin Rengstorff, Jan. 29, 1851. He was born in Bremer Lee, Europe, Aug. 23, 1823, and died in Quincy, 111, Aug. 3, 1878. They had nine children (four dead and five living) : Henrika, aged 26 years; George, 24; Willie, 17; Eddie, 14; and Maggie, 9 years of age. Members of New Jerusalem Church. Property, real and per sonal, valued at $10,000. Renner Mrs. widow, 938 Payson ave. Rensch Henry, saloon, 513 and 516 Maine. Rensch Wm. matchmaker, 719 Monroe. Rentz Chas. clerk, 10th, n of York. Rethemeyer Mrs. Lena, 519;Payson ave. Rettig John B. laborer, 1120 Ohio. . REUMING HERMANN, saloon, Broadway, between 18th and 20th streets ; born in Westphalia, Prussia, in 1831 ; came to the United States, and landed in New Orleans, in 1847 ; moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, thence to Milwaukee, Wis. (was in the dis tilling business), in 1848, and to Quincy, 1857; married Elizabeth Meyer, in 1858. She was born in Hanover. Are Catholics. Democrat. He has been in business here eleven years. Keeps a saloon and bowling alley. REUSER LOUIS, saloon, 615 Maine street ; born in Prussia, Germany, in 1843 ; located in Texas, in 1857 ; served in the army three years during the late war ; married Adeline Grimm, in 1872. She was born in Quincy. They have three children : Otto, Ernst, and Paulina. He has been in business several years. He is a member of the Druids and Haragari, and is a good man to call and see. Reuter David, policeman, 720 Payson ave. Reynolds Thos. 14th, s of Maine . Rexing Frank, .aborer, Oak, e of 20th. Rhode Fred, laborer, cor. 12th and Madison. Rhode Joseph, blacksmith, 4th, n of Cedar. Rice F. A. cigar maker, 606 Jefferson. Rice Joel (estate) cor. 18th and Maine. Richards Francis, tobacconist, 800 Jersey. . Richardson James H. attorney at law, 24 N. 12th. Bichardson Wm. A. city attorney, cor. 27th and Vermont. Richards Henry, teamster, 707 Madison. Richmond R. H. Bwitchman, cor. 3d and Locust. Richmuller Henry, carpenter, 908 Adams. Richter Albert H. laborer, 530 Monroe. Richter Fred. A. H. clerk, 929 Kentucky . Richter Herman, cooper, 642 Ohio. Richter Hugo, laborer, 330 N. 10th. Richter Peter, cabinet maker, 827 Adams. Rickenberg J1. H. painter, 1263 Hampshire. Rickenberg Mrs. Sophia, widow, 1263 Hampshire. Ricker Henry F. J. banker, 623 York. Ricker John B. teller, bds. at Furlong House. Ricker Mrs. Mary, cor. 9th anil Kentucky. Bidder Henry, queensware, etc., 1110 Jersey. 684 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. REDDER HENRY, wholesale and retail crockery, glass, and queensware, 423 Hampshire street; residence, 1110 Jersey; born in Westphalia, Germany, Dec. 7, 1830 ; came to the United States with his parents ; arrived in Baltimore, Md, July 4, 1834; went to St. Louis, Mo, Aug. 9, 1840, and to Quincy, June 26, 1857. He married Miss Dora T. Kasten, May 24, 1853. She was born in Hanover, in 1832, March 13. Then- children are : John F, Albert C, Adolphine, Charles W, and Adele. Members of the Catholic Church. He is a Democrat. His house carries a full stock of all goods requisite to the trade. This is the largest house in the line west of Chicago. RIDDER JOHN, blacksmith, corner of 12th and Broadway; born in Prussia, Feb. 10, 1831 ; came to the United States, and arrived at New Orleans Nov. 25, 1853 ; went to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1854, and to Quincy, Sept. 5, 1855, and commenced business for himself in 1859; married Rosena Stuckenburg, June 16, 1859. She was born in Louisville, Ky. Have eight children : Lizzie, John, Henry, Bertha, Mol- lie, Lillie, Albert, and Adolph. Are Catholics He is a Democrat. He has been in busi ' ness in the same place since 1860. All kinds of wagon work, jobbing, horse-shoe ing, etc, is done at his establishment. His long experience is sufficient guarantee of the quality of his work ; done as cheap as any other place. Rieckhof Chas. laborer, 522 Washington. Ricker John, laborer, 1019 Kentucky. Rieth Edmond, Broadway e of 18th. Riggs Mrs. Rebecca, 307 York. Riley Arthur, painter, 640 Vine. Riley Mrs. Jane, widow, Ohio n of 6th. Riley Thos. fireman, 218 Spring. Ringier Oscar, miller, 204 S. 6th. Ringo B. G. carpenter, 828 Washington. Rinneberg Chas. G. shoemaker, 55 S. 5th. Ripley Joseph T. clerk, 515 Jersey. Rippey Joseph, clerk, High w of 25th. Rischmuller Wm. carpenter, 810 Adams. Risser Mrs. Met. widow, 938 Payson ave. Ritter Mrs. Elizabeth, 107 S. 5th. RitterMrs. Henrietta, 151 S. 7th. Ritter Lambert, painter, 1120 Vine. RITTLER F. W. JOHN, Physi cian and Surgeon, 804 Maine street; resi dence same ; born in Altonburg, Saxony, in 1828, and located in the United States in 1853, in Florence, Mass.; moved to Alle ghany Mountains, Brownsville, Pa, in the fall of 1854, and to Quincy, June, 1856. He married Ida Amelia Rossmassler in 1855. She was born in Leipzig, Saxony, Sept. 18, 1836. They have one child, Johanna, now Mrs. C. H. Henrice, married Aug. 24, 1875. She was born Aug. 24, 1856. The Doctor graduated in Prague, Austria, in the Spring of 1853, and commenced practice immediate ly, and has now a very extensive practice in Quincy. On Christmas night, 1876, his house and office were burned, in which he lost his furniture, library, and other valuable relics, worth some $5,000. Mrs. Julia Rit- tler was the oldest daughter of Professor E. A. Rossmassler, the well-known Naturalist, Leipzig, Saxony. Ritz Ernst, carpenter, cor. 11th and Jackson. Rive Mrs. Catharine, 425 Kentucky. Roach David, laborer, 1021 Jersey. Robbers Wm. carriage trimmer, 831 Maine, RORRINS JOSEPH, Physician and Surgeon, office 419 Hampshire; resi dence' same; born in Worcester county, Mass, September 12, 1834, and located in Quincy, in 1858. After reading medi cine, he graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1861, and com menced the practice of medicine, in Quincy, the same year. He married Miss Louisa A. Norris in 1863. She was born in Boston, Mass, and died in 1876. He is a member of the Unitarian Church. A Republican in politics. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and has completed his second year as Grand Master of the State of Illinois, and retired from the office — also member of K. of P. He has been Examining Surgeon for the United States Pension Department in this city for the last fifteen years, or since 1865. Is President of Adams county Medi cal Society, and of the Medical Pathological Society, and is a member of the American Medical Association. He was President of the Quincy Library Association, and is now a director. He was a candidate for Congress on the Republican ticket in 1876. Roberts, Anderson^ laborer, Spruce e of 20th. Roberts Cornelius, farmer, cor. 2d and Maine. Roberts Henry, supt. ColcheBter Coal Co, 833 Ver mont. Robertson George, molder, 176 S. 3d. RobertBon Thos. machinest, 410 State. Robertson W. M. book-keeper, 530 York. Robinson J. D. machinest, 618 Washington. Rockenfleld Chas. carpenter, 5th and Jackson. Rockenfleld G. W. laborer, 8th n of Jackson. QUINCY DIRECTORY. 685 Rockenfleld John, 529 Jackson. Rockhol, laborer, 808 Adams. Rocklaye Fred, laborer, 11th s of Washington. Rockwell C. S. trav. agent, 12th second house n of Cedar Creek. RODEPELD HENRY, dry goods, groceries, flour and feed, corner of 8th and Jefferson streets. He was bom in Germany, May 28, 1851, and came to Quincy with his parents in 1852. Is an iron molder by trade. Is now the Junior partner of the firm of Rueter & Rodefeld, doing business at the above named place. Is a member of the A. O. U. W. Religion, Lutheran. Poli tics, Republican. Property valued at $5,000. Rodefeld Herman, laborer, cor. 9th and Monroe. RODOLF H. K., Attorney at Law and Notary Public, office 13 N. 5th street; residence 24th and Hampshire streets ; was born in the city of Zurich, Switzerland, in 1824, and emigrated with his parents to America, landing at New Orleans, La, in 1832 ; going direct to Galena, 111, in 1834. He learned the saddle and harness trade with his brother in southwest Wisconsin ; in 1845 he removed to Dubuque, la, remaining three years. He married Miss Eliza B. Corkery at Dubuque in 1846. She was born in Baltimore, and died in 1857, leaving six children, viz.: M. E. Rodolf (Mrs. F. W. Nance, of Galesburg, 111.), F. H. Rodolf (now of Charles City, la.), John (of Mt. Ster ling, 111.), C.A. (of La Mars, la.), E.M. (now Mrs. R. T. Sheckells), and Miss Rhoda. In 1848 he returned to Wisconsin, studiedjlajy with his brother, and was admitted to prac tice in 1852 ; in 1856 he was appointed Mail and Special Agent on the Mississippi river, and had charge of the first mail taken from Dubuque to St. Paul by steamboat. He married Miss Ellen M. Healey, niece of Hon. Judge C. Corkery, of Dubuque, la, in 1859; in 1860 he was appointed Deputy- United States Marshal ; in 1863 he moved to Quincy, and t,ook an active part in politics in behalf of the laboring men. He was ap pointed, by President Johnson, Postal Clerk of the T. W. & W. R. R. ; in 1870 he was elected Police Magistrate of Quincy; in 1874-5 he was elected Town Assessor; all of which offices he filled with credit to himself and to the public. Seven children by the present wife. He takes a prominent part in the welfare of the Democratic party. Roehl Bernard, laborer, 78 N. 14th. Roemer Peter, shoemaker, 813 Ohio. ROESCHLAUR MICHAEL JOSEPH, Physician ; residence 644 Jer sey street; was bom in the kingdom of Bavaria Feb. 2, 1806. He is the son of Dr. Andrew Roeschlaub, who was private medi cal counselor of the king, and Dean of the faculty of the University of Munich, where his son, M. J, was educated, graduating from the literary school in 1825, and received the degree of M. D. in medicine and surgery three years later. After four years' practice in Munich he was appointed County Physi cian, which position he held until he re signed in 1845. Tired of the suppression of free speech, he came to America; settled first in Palmyra, Mo, and in January, 1849* came to Quincy, where he has since been prominently identified with the profession, and is now the oldest practicing physician in the city. He has been twice married. The only fruit of his first union, Andrew Roeschlaub, is still living. He married Margaret Sawers in Bavaria, Oct. 10, 1843. they have five children : Robert, Victoria H, Frank H, Henry F. and Jessie S. The doctor is a fine type of the educated German ; is an ornament alike to the profes sion and in society, to each of which he has dedicated over a half century of faithful service. ROGERS E. A.(ofW.T. & E. A), wagon manufacturers, corner 4th and Oak; was born in Quincy in 1845 ; married Miss. Ella P. Payne Jan. 1, 1868. She was bom in this county in 1849. They are members of the Baptist Church. He is a Republican and a Mason. He has been in the wagon- manufacturing business since 1864. They manufacture farm wagons principally, and deal in all kinds of agricultural implements, and have at all times the largest and best stock of any house in the city. Their office is on 6th street, between Hampshire and Maine, opposite the post-office. ROGERS H. A., of Rogers & Mont gomery, wholesale and retail druggists, 419 Hampshire street; residence, 134 North 4th street ; born in Albany, N. Y, 1832 ; located in Quincy, 1854; married Anna Paris in 1859. She was born in Vermont. Have three children: Susan A, Fred W, and Rosa- Mrs. Rogers is a member of the Presbyterian 686 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Church. He is a Democrat and a member of the Masonic Order ; has been in business since 1854. Have just fitted up and moved into the elegant new store which they now occupy, which they have furnished with a fine stock of choice goods in their line. Rogers Lee, wagon maker, 411 Oak. Rogers Miss Mary, 121 Vermont. Rogers Mrs. Mary B. widow, 102 N. 4th. Rogers Penuel, 524 Vermont. ROGERS TIMOTHY, hotel keep er; born in Folland county, Conn, in 1809; came to Quincy in 1828, wlien the now ele gant city was nothing but a vast wilderness, and commenced the manufacture of wagons and plows, and continued to manufacture for many years ; afterward turned it over into the hands of his sons, who still carry on the business. He now conducts the Occi dental Hotel, and has the good will of the farmers at large. He also carries on farm ing and stock raising in Fall Creek town ship. He was married to Dorintha Billings, of Folland county, Conn. Have three sons, one, editor and proprietor of the Quincy News; W. T. and E. A. proprietors of the Rogers Plow Works. ROGERS THADDEUS, publish er; residence, 22d and Spring streets. ROGERS WILLIAM TIMO THY, Mayor of Quincy; residence, 411 Oak; born in Folland county, Conn, July 10, 1833 ; moved to this city with his parents in 1838. He married Miss Catherine W. Murray in 1856. They have six children: Lee, Lay, Timothy, Cora M, Wm. T. and Edward A. He is Republican ; elected to his present office principally through his per sonal popularity— the Republicans being in the minority in Quincy. His firm, which is W. T. & E. A. Rogers, are largely engaged in the manufacture of wagons and plows, — their house having been established in 1838, in Quincy. Roggenland Anton, painter, 836 Maine. Roland Geo. molder, 1013 Payson ave. Roling Bernard, cooper, 531 Jefferson. Roller John C. baker, York e of 6th. ROOD WELLER D., retired Phy sician ; residence, Quincy ; is the son of Jo seph Weller Rood, who was born in Litch field county, Conn, July 11, 1781 ; died'July 21, 1852. His mother was born in Massa chusetts, June, 1788, and was the daughter of Samuel Draper, who resided in Onondaga, county, N. Y, at the time of her birth, and where she was married to Joseph Weller Rood, April 13, 1806. The subject of this sketch, the oldest of four sons, was born in that county, Dec. 22, 1807 ; was educated at Pom- pey, where he read medicine with Dr. Par son G. Shipman; attended lectures at Rut- ger's Medical College, New York City, and received a diploma in 1830. After practic ing five years in his native state, removed to Quincy, 111, March, 1838, and at once put out his shingle; for eighteen years was prominent among the active physicians of. that city. In 1856, on account of the failing health of his wife, he retired from practice; bought a farm in Gilmer township, to which they removed. He was first married to Laura C. Wood, daughter of James Wood, of Orange county, N. Y, Sept. 26, 1835. She died Feb. 13, 1847, leaving one child, Mary C, now the wife of J. B. Tomlinson, of Camp Point. He was married again May 29, 1849, to Mary A. (Davis) Baldwin, widow of Jno. N. Baldwin. Their marriage resulted in two sons ; William Carey, bom Feb. 1, 1853, and Weller D, Jr., born March 27, 1855. The second wife died July 5, 1875. Dr. Rood has been connected with the Baptist Church since he was fourteen years of age; was clerk of the First Church of Quincy for many years. He owns a double house, Nos. 1404 and 1406 Broadway, and a lot on Chest nut street, Quincy, and a house and lot in Camp Point. Rooney Michael, physician, cor. 8th and Hampshire. Root Henry, Prest. Unioa Bank, 511 Broadway. Eose G. R. cabinet maker, 824 Ohio. Rosenbush Prof. A. 900 Maine. ROSENKOETTER A., lime manu facturer, Front, between York and Jersey streets; residence, corner Jackson and 8th streets; born in Prussia in 1843; came to the United States and located in Quincy in 1857; married Mary Fersternaw in 1858. She was born in Germany in 1836. They have seven children: Annie, Henry, Louis, Emma, Gettie, Willie, and John. He is a Lutheran. He has been in the lime business since 1870, and has buying capacity for seventy barrels per day. Rosenkoetter Henry, 725 Van Buren. Roskamp A. carpenter, 1112 Payson ave. Ross John G. nursery man, 920 Kentucky. QUINCY DIRECTORY. 687 ROSS S. F., Superintendent of the Lumber Manufacturing Mills, of Bradford, Duff & Co, and Bradford, McCoy & Co, at Necedah, Wis. He was born in Skowhegan, Me, in 1819, and located in Quincy in 1854; married Eliza Bradford in 1846. She was born in Farmington, Kennebec county, Me, in 1822. Six children, (two deceased), four living: Loring T, Abbie L, (now Mrs. Provine), Ada E, and Charles S. Members of the M. E. Church. He is a Republican, He is a mill-wright, and followed the busi ness East, and after he came west built a great many mills on the Mississippi river. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Rossback Adam, butcher, 113 Vermont. Rosskamp Henry, foreman, box fact'y, 625 Ohio. RosBmoeller Herman, 10th s of Sycamore . Roswog August, express driver, 801 Jackson. Roten Fred, cigar maker, 624 Washington. Roten Mrs. Louisa, wido-v, 624 Washington. Roth Jacob, teamster, 134 Maine. Roth John, tobacconist, 538 Washington. Roth John, laborer, cor. 6th and Washington. Rothgeb Chas. brewer, 1128 Monroe. ROTHGER G. A., wall paper, 629 Maine street ; residence, corner 5th and Pay- son avenue ; born in Quincy in 1844 ; mar ried Rosana Notter in 1871. She was born in Quincy in 1845. Have two children: Emma B. and Edith Viola. Mrs. R. is a member of the German Methodist Church. He went to California, overland, in 1865, locating at Sacramento, and returned in 1869, when he went into business ; formed partnership under the firm name of Roth geb & Enrich in 1875. He is a member of the Masonic Order, also of the A. O. U. W. ; is a Democrat in politics. ROTHGER HENRY, dry goods and groceries, 908 Hampshire street; resi dence, 807 Jersey street; born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1822 ; came to the United States in 1840, located in New York City ; and in Chicago in 1844 ; and in Quincy in 1849 ; married Barbara Schwebel in 1844. She was born in same place. They had one child: Henry. Mrs. R. died in 1849. He married Anna B. Bentel in 1850. She was born in Prussia. They have seven children : Charlie, Annie, William, Frank, Clara, Sadie, and Eddie. Are members of St. Peter's Episcopal Church. He is a Demo crat, and has been City Collector two years ; in business twenty-two years. 44 Rothgeb Henry P. 807 Jersey. Rothmann H. laborer, 645 Washington. Rothschild Felix, salesman, cor, 6th and Lind. Rothwiler Geo. cooper, 625 Kentucky. Rotschka Prof. Conrad, 1213 Maine. Rottmann Chas. sprinkler, 824 Jefferson. Rottmann E. teamster, Jefferson bet. 8th and 9th. Rottmann Henry, laborer, cor. 9th and Jefferson. Rottmann John H. cor. 10th and Jefferson. Rottmann Lonis, cooper, 927 State. Rowland J. G. city comptroller, cor. 11th & Vermont. Rub August, cabinet maker,cor.5th and Washington. Ruckman Mrs.Elizabeth.dress maker,1040 Broadway. Rudden Patrick, carriage painter, 1018 Maine. RUETER FRITZ, groceries, dry goods.feed store and saloon (Rueter & Rode feld), corner of 8th & Jefferson streets; residence, same. He was born near Haller, Regierungs-bezirk, Minden, Prussia, in 1828, and came to America, arriving in New Or leans in 1851, remaining six months in St. Louis, Mo. ; then came to Quincy, 111. He married Maria Walkenhorst, near Goltz- hausen, Kreitz Halle, Europe, in 1850. She was born in Wallenbruge, Prussia, in 1828 she coming to America with her husband and child. Five children : Henry, aged 24 ; Johannes, aged 15; August, aged 13; Frank, aged 10, and Anna, aged 8 years. Lutheran. Politics, Independent. He is a member of Washington Grove No. 3, U. A. O. D, and of the Protestant Widows and Orphans' As sociation of Quincy. Property estimated at $5,000.Rnff Caspar, brewer, cor. 12th and Adams. RUPP GEO. & RRO., junk store, Broadway, corner of 18th street; born in Nassau, Prussia, in 1842; came to the United States in 1867, and located in Quincy ; married Elizabeth Reuming in 1872. She was born in Wis. Their children are : Mary, Fred, and George. Are Catholics. Independent in politics. They have been in business since 1870 ; deal in and pay cash- price for rags, iron and metal of all kinds. Ruff Henry, dry goods, etc , 611 Jersey. Ruff Jacob, 153 S. 5th. Ruff John, brewer, cor. 12th and Adams. Ruff Mrs. Margaret, widow, 241 S. 9th. Rummeni Conrad, carpenter, 1019 Spring. Rummeni John,, carpenter, 1015 Spring. Rupp Mrs. Doreatha, widow, Olive nof Oak. Ruch Mrs. Helen, widow, 28 S. 12th. Rnskamp Wm. miller, 625 Ohio. Russ Spencer, laborer, Jersey e of 13th. Russell J. B. engineer, 525 Washington. Rusten Fred, cigar maker, 624 Washington. 688 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Ruter Wm. brick layer, 916 Spring. Rutherford Dr. R. C. 24th s of Maine. Ruttman Herman, laborer, 645 Washington. Ryan Edward, policeman, 26 S. 12th. Ryan Michael, contractor, 94 S. 10th. Ryan Michael, laborer, 611 Vine. Ryan Michael Jr. letter carrier, 1116 Maine. Ryan Patrick, clerk, 236 N. 7th. Ryan Patrick, sheet iron worker, 912 Washington. Ryan Wm. B. fruit dealer, cor. 30th and Vermont. Ryan Thos. laborer, Lind e of 10th. Rynicktr Gottlieb, tailor, 5th bet.SWashington and Jefferson. Rynicker Sam. tailor, Washington e of 9th. Sachse Mrs. Sophia, 1024 Hampshire. Saddoreus Joseph, Payson ave. e of 7th. SAHLAND EDWARD (de ceased) ; residence of widow, corner of 14th and Spring streets ; born in Prussia, in 1826 ; came to the United States in 1851, and located in Quincy; married Maria Herle mann in 1859. She was born in Quincy in 1836. Had five children; Edward and Walter living ; Emma, Josephine and Herman are dead. Mr. Sahland died Nov. 15, 1878. He was one of the firm of Menke, Grimm & Co, plaining mill. His wife still -^-retains her one-third interest in that concern. She is a member of the Lutheran Church. Sahland Mrs. E. cor. 14th and Spring. Sailes Mrs. Malinda. 49 S. 8tb. Salig Anton, fireman, cor 3d and Elm. Salmon I. H. printer, cor. 4th and Sycamore. Sammis Ed. P. engineer, 180 N. 3d. Sander Garret, brick yard, 829 Adams. Sander Wm. F. wagon maker, 804 State. Sanford Mrs. Ann, widow, 216 N. 12th. Sanftleben John, photographer, 11th s of Adams. Sass John, teamster, 1015 Payson ave. SasBenbacb, Edward, miller, 8th b of Payson ave. Sattelmeier Wm. wagon maker, 825 Jefferson. Satthoff John, laborer, cor. 9th aDd Washington. Sava°e Mrs. Elizabeth 527 Broadway. Savage Wm. T. minister, 713 Broadway. Sawyer I. B. agent Mallory & Co's oysters.414 N. 5th Sawyer James T. boards at Revere House. Saxauer Chas. carpenter, 714 State. Seeper Wm . chair maker, 1250 Vermont. Scbachsick Gottlieb, 629 Washington. Schachsick Wm. cooper, 8th s of Ohio. Schachsick Wm. laborer, 829 Washington. SCHAEER WILHELM, black smith, southeast corner of 10th and State streets; residence same. He was born in Niderkeinsbach, Hesse Darmstadt, Europe, June 13, 1832, and emigrated to America, landing at New Orleans, La. ; from that city to Quincy, arriving there May 3, 1849 ; mar ried Miss Elizabeth Merker, in Quincy, May 3, 1854. She was born in Pennsylvania, in 1834. Four children : Sarah aged 16 years, Frederick 14, Maria 12, and Lydia six years of age. Religion, Protestant. Politics, Republican. Real and personal property valued at $6,000. Schaefer Geo. cooper, 647 State. SCHAFEER E. W., groceries, dry goods, boots, shoes and saloon, corner of 8th and Monroe streets. He was born near Preus-Minden, Westphalia, Europe, Jan. 10, 1840, and emigrated with his parents to America in 1852, coming directly to Quincy, 111. He married Miss Louise Ruttermeier, May 21, 1864. She was born in Shotm'ar, Lippe-Dedmont, Europe, May 28, 1836. Three children: Anna Emelia, aged 14 years ; Amanda J, 9 years, and George H, 2 years of age. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Republican. Has had a store for eleven years. Is a member of the Protestant Benev olent Association of Quincy, 111. Real and personal property valued at $15,000. Schaeffer John M. agent Odd Fellows Benevolent Association, 227 State. Schaeffer Peter, blacksmith, 1233 Jersey. Schafer Geo. cabinet maker, cor. Ohio and 13th. Schaffer F. W. groceries, etc, cor. 8th and Monroe. Schaffer Henry, carpenter, 927 Jefferson. Schafer Wm. blacksmith. 1002 State. Schalk Barney, cabinet maker, cor. 9th and Cherry. Schalk C. tailor, 47 S. 7th. SCHALLER FRED., wholesale liquors, 620 Hampshire street; residence Hampshire, between 6th and 7th streets; born in Germany, in 1833; came to the United States in 1844 ; located in Quincy in 1864; married Miss Mary Frohme in 1858. She was born in Germany in 1839. Six chil dren: Fred, George, Lizzie, Saidie Clarie, and Oscar. They are Lutherans. Independent in politics. He is a member of the Druids. He has been in the wholesale business since 1863, and is doing an extensive business. Schaller Geo. C. tinner, cor. 14th and Elm. . Schanborst, Fred, laborer, 725 Jefferson. Schanz G. 167 S. 6th. Schanz Wm. 1022 State. Schalpp Henry, Lind w of 12th. Schardon Mrs. M. Monroe e of 9th. Scharlach Geo. laborer, 1256 Hampshire. Schaub Mrs. Margaret, Olive n of Vine. Schelner Mrs. Ann, widow, 21 S. 6th. Scheipering C. H. stoves, etc, 930 Ohio. QUINCY DIRECTORY. 689 SCHELL MRS. RARRARA, residence between 8th and 9th, on Kentucky street; was born in Bavaria,' April 4, 1799; married John Schell in 1817 ; came to New York, in 1834, and to Quincy in 1835. Mr. Schell was a blacksmith, and worked at his trade the greater part of his time until he died, which occurred the 15th of Feb, 1864. They have four children living; George, Aplonia, Phoebe and Mary, and eight dead. John built what is known as Schells' Dis tillery, near the head of Quincy bay, in 1856, but discontinued the business in 1858, after expending a great deal of money. He died Christmas Eve, in 1876. Peter died March 13, 1857, leaving two sons, Reinhold and Peter. Mrs. Schell has thirty-three grand children and fourteen great grand children. When she and her husband settled in Quincy, there was not a brick building in the place ; could not get brick to build chimneys. They built a log house on the northwest corner of 6th and Kentucky streets. She afterward traded for property between 8th and 9th on Kentucky, where she now lives. Property valued at $2,000. Schell Mrs. Cecelia, widow, 1218 Vermont. SCHELL GEORGE (of Schell & Hellhake), boots and shoes, 716 Maine street; bom in Baden, Germany, in 1845 ; came to the United States Jan. 1, 1869, and located in Quincy. He married Elizabeth Stalf in 1872. She was born in Germany in 1848. They have two children, Christiana and Theodore. Are members of the Catholic Church. He worked at his trade until 1875, when he went into business for himself with Mr. Hellhake. They are young and enter prising men, worthy the patronage of the community. Schelp Fred, varnisher, 831 Madison. SCHEMPP JACOR, bridge-builder and contractor, Jefferson between 11th and 12th streets ; residence, same. He was bom in Urach, Kingdom of Wilrtemburg, Europe, April 6, 1836, and came to the United States, reaching New York City in 1854, staying one year, then going to Henry county, Illi nois, remaining five years; followed his trade and then came to Quincy, where he opened his present large business. He married Miss Christina Wagner in Quincy, May 2, 1860. She was bom in Quincy, 111, Sept. 9, 1843. They have six children : Anna Maria Margaretta, born Dec. 19, 1860; Maria Christina, born April 6, 1862 ; Johan Jacob, born May 29, 1865 ; John Christian Henrich, born Aug. 29, 1867 ; Carl Wilhelm, born Feb. 5, 1870, and Henrich Wilhelm, born Dec. 4, 1873. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Democrat. Real and personal property estimated at $10,000. Schenk Henry, carpenter, 838 Kentucky. Schepe s Geo. laborer, 6th s of Maple. Scherman Adolph. brickmaker, 924 Adams. Schermerhorn F.D. gen. supt. Q. M. & P. R. R. cor. 8th and Sycamore. Schermerhorn Mrs. Isabel, cor. 13th and Spiirg. Schidt F. laborer, Jackson w of 12tb. Scbildmann Wm. cigar maker, cor. 13th and Ohio. Schill Frank X. prop. BUff Brewery, two miles north of Union depot. Scbimmick Heniy, laborer, 11th n of Cedar. Schiner John J. barkeeper, cor. 2d and Maiden Lane. Schlag Mrs. Elizabeth, 1124 Jersey. Schlag Miss Kate, 34 S. 12th. Schlauge Bernard, 7th s of Elm. Schlange'Mrs. Lena, 7th n of Vine. Schlecter Philip, laborer, 15th bet. Ohio and Pay- son ave. Schley Henry, saloon, 70 N. Front. Schlichter Andreas, laborer, 820 Madison. Schlottman B. teamster, 1026 Jersey. Schmeadskamp August, Sth s of Ohio. SCHMEIDING AUGUST, retired minister; residence, 204 South 6th street. He was born in Westphalia, Prussia, March 16, 1804; came to America in 1851. He married Margaret Schreader. She was born in Prussia April 9, 1809, and died Sept. 24, 1844. She was mother of six children, viz. ; Mary, Caroline, Charles, Rudolph, Minnie and Theresa. Are members of the Evan gelical Lutheran Church. He commenced his studies in the University at Halle River, Saale, and is a thorough scholar in all the classics. He commenced his pastorship in the year 1859. His first charge was at Loehne ; was there nine years. In 1851 he came to the United States and to Quincy, where he has since resided. When he first came his congregation consisted of ten families. His first meetings were held in a public school-house ; at the time he retired he had 185 families. The first church was built in 1852, and in 1866 a church was built on the corner of 8th and Washington streets, called the St. James' Church. Through the influence of Mr. Schmeiding the church is in a prosperous condition, and his coming to HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 690this country caused many of his church peo ple to follow him. Schmid Basel, saloon, 927 Maine. Schmidt Adam, teamster, 20th n of Oak. Schmidt John, physician, cor. 10th and Kentucky. Schmidt Jos. teamster. Elm e of 20th. Schmidt Peter, laborer, cor. 20th and Broadway. Schmits Geo. carpenter, cor. 11th and Cedar. Bchmits John, carpenter, 168 N. 11th. Schmitt Alvis, shoemaker, 7th s of Payson ave. Schmitt Mrs. Elizabeth, 1005 Maine. Schmitt Mrs. Elizabeth, saloon, .834 Maine. Schmitt Lenhart. Jr. book-keeper, 810 Hampshire. Schmitt Lenhart, carpenter, 810 Hampshire. Schnarr Mrs. Mary, widow, 1007 Maine. Schneider Chas. laborer, 835 Jefferson. Schneider Edward, plasterer, 809 Adams. Schneider Jaco*>, saloon, 35 N. Front. Schneider Jacob, laborer, 9th n of Jackson. SCHNEIDER JACOR, capitalist, 8th between Adams and lackson streets. He was born in Steinbach, Regierungs-bezirk,Er- ford, Prussia, March 15, 1836, and emigrated to America with his parents ; landed at New Orleans in 1846, coming to Quincy in the fall of 1847. He married Miss Anna Maria Kurk in Quincy, Oct. 6, 1863. She was born in Quincy, Oct. 4, 1846. Eight chil dren, four dead and four living: Bertha, born Dec. 11,1864; Edward, born Nov. 15, 1873; Henry, born March 14, 1875, and Katie Louise, born July 14, 1878. Religion, Roman Catholic. Politics, Democrat. Mrs. Schneider's parents are still living, and re side on Adams between 8th and 9th streets. Schneider Joseph, carpenter, 639 Adams. Schneider Moritz, laborer, 809 Adams. Schneider Wm. plasterer, 643 Adams. Schneiders Albert, brick mason, Spring w of 25th. Schneiders ClemenB, 813 Jersey. Schneiders Mrs. Theresa, 23 S. 8th. Schneller Chas. laborer, 718 Jefferson. Schneller Herman, engineer, 512 Adams. Schnider Joseph, brick mason, 508 Adams. Schnier Geo. A. blacksmith, cor. 12th and Lind. Schnous Mrs. Anna, widow, 25 N. 6th. Schoen O. F. Bhoemaker, boards at Occidental Hotel. Schoeneberg Henty, plasterer, Madison near 16th. SCHOFIELD F. L., Attorney-at- Law, over postoffice; was born in Mounds- ville, Va., in 1849; moved to Lewis County, Mo, in 1850, with his parents, and to this city in 1878. He studied law in Missouri, and was admitted to the bar, in 1870 ; mar ried Miss Annie E. High, in 1872. She was born in Lewis County, Mo, in 1853. Their children are: Madison C, John A, and Thomas O. Members of Christian Church. A Democrat. He was Superintendent of Public Schools, in Lewis county, Mo, one term, and States Attorney for that county two terms. He and his wife graduated at Christian University, Canton, Mo. Mrs. Schofield was the adopted daughter of the late Hon. Madison C. Hawkins, of Lewis county, Mo. Mr. Schofield is High Priest of Canton Chapter No. 88, Missouri Royal Arch Masons. Schofield Mrs. S. E. widow, 222 S. 6th. Schonhoff L. brickmakir, 9th S. of Harrison. Schonhorst Fred, carpenter, 835 Jefferson. Schooley Mrs. M. J. dressmaker, 63 S. 5th. Schott John B. saddlers' hardware, 613 and 615 Hampshire. Schraag Geo. W. farmer, 924 State. Schraag W. L. painter, cor. 15th and State. Schrage Henry, carpenter, 1002 Elm. Schrage John L. post office dep. 514 Washington. Schrage Mrs. M..ry, millinery, etc, 624 Adams. Schriber Mrs. An^a, 533 Washington. Schriber Chas. boiler maker, 7th a of Washington. Schroeder Albert, cabinet maker, 712 Madison. Schroeder F. W. carpenter, 10th n of Payson ave. Schroeder G. H. labo.er, 708 Madison. Schroeder Henry H. 1500 Vermont. Schroeder Herman, druggist, 1022 Kentucky. Scbroer Mrs. Catherine, 1230 Hampshire. Schroer Henry, carriage painter, 1113 Broadway. Schroer Joseph, candy maker, 192 N. 10th. fcchucking Mrs. Mary, widow, cor. 6th and Maple. Schucking Herman, Vine bet. 18th and 20th. Schukraft Jacob, laborer, 615 Oak. Schukraf t John G. machinist, 6th s of Spruce. Schullien Baltes, cirpenter, 1117 Jersey. Schullien Inozent, machinist, 1113 Hampshire. Schulte A. grocer, 400 State. Schulte Mrs. Louisa, 1031 Kentucky. Schnltenz Martin, shoemaker, 4th n of Oak. Schultheis Adam, molder, 430 Kentucky. Schultheis Fred, mail agent, 620 Vermont. Schultheis Mrs. Margaret, 620 Vermont. Schultheis Wm. F. cashier, 217 N. 4th. Schultze Frank, stone mason, Monroe e of 11th. Schumacher.Bernard, cooper, 436 N. 5th. Schumacher Joseph, shoemaker, 1128 Hampshire. Schumacker F. blacksmith, 11th n of Washington. Schumacker Wm. machini st, 712 Monroe. Schumacker Herman, carpenter, 805 Jackson. Schupp Mrs. Benedict, widow, 1101 Hampshire. Schurfeld Henry, carpenter, Jefferson e of 11th. Scburfetd\Henry, stonecutter, 929 Washington. Scburman Gottlieb, farmer, 1033 Ohio. Schurman Peter, laborer, 619 Madison. Scuurman Wm. brick maker 829 Jefferson. Scburman Wm. cupola tender, 1115 WaBnington. Schutte Mrs. Adelaide, cor. 13th and Elm. SCHUTTE FRED., contractor and builder, corner of 11th and Washington streets; residence same; was bom in Eidenghausen, Regierungs-bezirk, Preus- QUINCY DIRECTORY. 691 Minden, Europe, March 18, 1842; emi grated to America via New Orleans, in 1860, coming direct to Quincy, following his trade; married Miss Maria Lange, in Quincy, July 19, 1874. She was born in Dahlinghausen, Hanover, July 3, 1849, and emigrated to America, with her brother Gerhard, via New York City, in 1873, com ing direct to Quincy. Three children: Wilhelm, born Dec. 23, 1866 ; Edward, born Feb. 28, 1869, (children by his first wife) ; August Frederick, born May 4, 1877. Re ligion, Lutheran. Enlisted in Co. C, 10th Regt. 111. Inf, in 1864 ; served until the end of the rebellion ; was honorably discharged at Camp Douglas, Chicago. Real and per sonal property estimated at $8,000. Schutte Henry, cabinet maker, cor. 9th and Adams. Schutte Herman, collar maker, 8„h n of Vine. Schutte Henry, teamster, cor. 13th and Elm. Schwab Casper, butcher, 928 Maine. Schwab John, butcher, 316 Ohio. Schwab Mrs. Josephine, 187 N. 11th. Schwade Frank, nurseryman, cor. 25th and Hamp shire. Schwagmeier A. tobacconist, 532 Payson ave. Schwalberg Henry, cooper, cor. 8th and Monroe. Schwallenberg F. cooper, 346 S.8th. Schwarte Bernard, flour packer, Vermont w of 9th. Schwartz C, butcher, 718 Jersey. Schwartz Mrs. Sophia, 1101 Washington. SCHWARZ ERNST, saloon and grocery, southeast corner of 7th and State streets; was born in Sax Coburg Gotha, Germany, in 1837; came to the United States, in 1864, and located in Michigan; and in Quincy, in 1866 ; married Franciska Mast, in 1868. She was born in the Grand Duchy of Baden, in 1842. They have three children: Louisa, Emma, and Benjamin. He is a member of the Haragari, and Ger man Widows and Orphans' Aid Society. He has been in business since 1869. He deals in groceries, country produce, and provis ions. SCHWARZBURG H. G., paper and cigar box manufacturer, 309 Maine street; residence, 12th street, betweermJer- sey and York streets ; born in Prussia, in 1830. He came to the United States, in 1848, and located in Baltimore, Md, and came to Quincy, in 1857. He married Eva Kessler in 1853. She was born in Hesse Cassel, Germany, in 1830. They have five children: Williatn, Lizzie, Fredrica, Fred erick, and Gustav. They are members of the Lutheran Church. He has been in his present business five years. He had a con tract from the Government, and furnished many of the drums used in the army during the late war. Schwebel Ed. engineer, York e of 8th. Schwebel P. blacksmith, 512 Jersey. Schweitzer Mrs. Elizabeth, 1020 Elm. Schwering Joseph, confectionery, 512 Kentucky. Schweter John II laborer, 814 Monroe. Schwieters Mrs. Christina, 162 N. 7th. Schwitring Bernard, laborer, 631 Payson ave. Schwindeler Fred, painter, 205 N. 11th. Schwindeman B. laborer, 1013 Broadway. Schwindeman Geo. 1115 Hampshire. Schwindeman Mrs. M. 1013 Broadway. Scott Mrs. Matilda, Nelson's court. SCOTT O. P., photographer, north east corner 6th and Maine streets ; was born in Ohio; came to Adams county in 1876; was married to Carrie Fox, in 1874. She was born in 1854. Have one child : Myrtle Estella, born in 1876. Mr. S. commenced the photograph business in 1873, at Abingdon, 111, and in Quincy in 1876 ; has a fine trade ; does first-class work, which he guarantees in every instance. Searle Mrs. S. T., 9th, n of Spruce. Seamon John, Maine, e of 14th. Seaton Mrs. C. B, 68 S. 5th. Sebastian Wm, L. ca-penter, 1243 Jersey. Sechtling August, machinist, 1010 Elm, Sedgwick Mrs. Emma M, 94 N. 12th. Seeboper Frank, cabinet maker, 146 S. 8th. Seehorn Dr. E. R, coroner, 109 S. 6th. Seely Mrs. Angeline, 13th, n of Vermont. SEELY GEO. H., agent for R. G. Dun's Mercantile Agency, office, corner 4th and Maine streets ; residence, Vermont, near 16th street ; was born in Wayne county, NY, 1833 ; married Miss Alaxine E. Hare in 1864. She was born in Chester, England, 1843. She is a member of the Episcopal Church. He located in this city in November, 1874, as representative and manager of this branch of the above agency. Republican. Seely Henry J. salesman, 13th, n of Vermont. Seger Chas. traveling salesman, Vermont, bet. 13th and 14th. Seger C. Edwin, wholesale grocer, Locust, bet. 6th and 7th. Seger Frank, grocer, Locust, e of 6th. SEGER SAMUEL E., wholesale grocer, 16 North 4th street, residence between 6th and 7th, on Locust street ; born in New York City, 1826 ; came with his parents to Quincy, 1836. He married Miss Sarah E. 692 HISTORY. OF ADAMS COUNTY. Thompson, 1847. She was born in New York, 1828. Three children: Charles E, Frank and Elmer E. He is Republican; commenced the retail business, 1858, and the wholesale business, 1861, and at this date has the largest wholesale establishment in his line in Quincy. He is member of the fol. lowing orders: Masonic, of which he is Treasurer of Beausant Commandery No. 11 ; Quincy R. A. Chapter No. 5 ; also director of Illinois Masonic Benevolent Society of Princeton, 111. He is also President of the Odd Fellows' Benevolent Association, and a member of the A. O. U. W, and the Knights of Honor, and of the I. O. M. A, and Grand Treasurer for the same for the State, K. of P. and of the U. A. O. D, and Treasurer of Adams Grove No. 2. He is a gentlemen of marked politeness and business refinement, of well-developed capabilities. SiberB Theodore, laborer, Vine, e of 20th. Seidel Fred, carriage trimmer, 635 State. Seimon Henry, laborer, 801 Monrje. Selmes Mrs. S. B. widow, 1443 Maine. Sellner Albert, 1223 Jersey. Send Mrs. Elizabeth, widow, Elm, e of 12th. Senger Fred, cabinet maker, Vine, w of 24th. Seesing Adolph, laborer, Vine, e of 13th. Shanahan Mrs. Margaret, 827 Jersey. Shanahan Patrick, contractor, 184 N. 11th, SHANAHAN J. J., contractor and builder, alley between 5th and Oak streets, and Maine, and Jersey streets; residence, 8th street, between Vine and Oak streets; was born in Adams county, 111, Dec. 5, 1844; commenced his apprenticeship as carpen ter with Williamson & Jones, April 27, 1863. On Dec. 30, 1871, he was appointed foreman of buildings on the K. C, St. Joe _& OB. R. R. ; held that position until June 30, 1874, when he resigned. In the fall of 1874, he returned to Quincy, working at his trade, and on Feb. 15, 1878, went into business for himself; married Miss Mary McCabe, at St. Joseph, Mo, Jan. 30, 1873. She was born in the County Monaghan, Ireland, July 4, 1851, and emi grated to America via New York City, with her mother and brother, in 1864, going to St. Louis, Mo. ; remained eight years ; from there to St. Joseph, Mo. ; came with her husband to Quincy. He is a member of the Firemens' Benevolent Association of Quincy, and was foreman of No. 1 Hose Company from 1866 till 1867 ; took the second running prize on the Fair Grounds at Quincy, 111, it being the only prize ever taken by No. 1 Hose Company for running. Religion, Roman Catholic. Politics, Democrat. Shanahan Thomas, laborer, 24 S. 9th. Shanders a. cupola tender, 612 Payson ave. | Shank Wm. laborer, cor. 10th and Cnerry. Shanks Mrs. widow, 169 N. 7th. Shannon Major Warren, 313 Maine. Sharkey Mrs. widjw, 400 State. SHAWGO J. B., Physician and Surgeon, office and residence 121 South 4th street; born in Muskegon county, Mich, 1842 ; moved to Fulton county, 111, 1855, and to Hudson county, 1857. He studied in New York and Chicago; graduated at Bennett Medical College, 1877. He enlisted and was appointed scout, at the breaking out of the war, and did good service for the govern ment in that capacity, in Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama and North Carolina ; was mustered out at close of the war, after many hair breadth escapes. He taught school twelve years, in different grades ; was Professor of mathematics in Bonaparte College, Iowa,1870 and 1871; was Superintendent of schools at Camp Point, one year, and filled similar positions in Bushnell, three years. He holds a. diploma from Abingdon College. He married Miss Ada Kirkpatrick, at La Harpe, 111, in 1875. She was born in Kentucky, in 1845. They have two children : Kirk and Ethel. He is a Democrat and a member of the I. O. M. A. and A. O. U W.; also a Mason ; commenced study of medicine in 1871. Shay Jeremiah, laborer, 122-2 Hampshire. Sheehan Michael, milk dairy, cor. 3d and Chestnut. Sheehan Thos. laborer, Elm, w of 2d. Shemkemper Henry tailor, 8th, n of Vine. Slier. dan Edward, molder, 817 State. ' Sheridan Thos. laborer, Nelson's court, Sherman S. C. gardner, cor. 24th and Chestnut. Snerwood Mrs. E, cor. 10th and Hampshire. Shifter Reinhart, carpenter, 3d, n of Broadway. Shinn C. W. foreman White's foundry, 522 York. Shinn Wm. foreman B. D. & Co, Ohio, bet. Sth and 6th. Shively Mrs. Margaret, widow, Nelson's. court. Slageck Wm. laborer, cor 15th and Spring. Shoemaker John, carpenter, cor. 4th and Cedar. Shoeneman Mrs. Anna, 934 Maine. Shotridge Levi, laborer, Chestnut, e of 9th. Shontz Mis. Absalom, 204 S. 3d. Shroeder A.H. merchant tailor, cor 12th and Jefferson. Sbumaeher Jobst, laborer, 805 Jackson. Shurlng Henry, laborer, Spring, w of 12th. Shutts John, tel. operator, 107 N. 4th. Sibbing Henry, laborer, 9th, n of Spruce. Sibley Hon. Joseph, Judge Appellate Court, cor. 8th and Spruce. QUINCY DIRECTORY. 693 Sickinger August, farmer, cor 22d and Spruce. Sickmann Mrs Kate, 8th, n of Jefferson. Sickmann Wm. teamster, 830 Jefferson. Sidner Martin, laborer, 1016 Spring. SIEBE LOUIS, wagon manufacturer, corner 9th and State Streets; residence 9th and Ohio streets. He was born in Blasheim, Kreis Lubbeke, Regierungs-bezirk, Minden, Europe, Sept. 2, 1847, and emigrated to America, landing at New Orleans, La, in 1867 ; went to St. Louis, Mo, and remained there seven months, working at his trade, and then came to Quincy, 111.; married Miss Frederika Gendemann in Quincy, Nov. 18, 1869. She was born in Elverdisen, near Herford, Europe, Sept. 30, 1847. One child : Hannah Wilhelmina Eliza, born Oct, 15, 1870. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Inde pendent. Property, real and personal, valued at $1,000. Sibers Bernard, brewer, cor. 12th and Monroe. Sleckmann, Henry, laborer, 813 Jackson. Sieckmann Henry, saloon, 801 State. SieferMrs. Anna, 5th, n of Ohio. Siek Wm. molder, 1101 Washington. Sielemann Henry, laborer, 1105 Payson ave. Sien Mrs. Christina, widow, 635 Oak. Sien Chas. E. stoves, etc. 327 Hampshire. Sien Ernest, locksmith, 25 S. 4th. SIEN MRS. FREDERICKA, residence, 1011 Oak street ; was born in Prus sia, in 1823; came to Quincy, in 1845; married Charles Sien .in 1843. He was born in Brunswick, Germany. They have five children: Fred, Charles, Frederika, Louis, and William. They are Lutherans. Mr. Sien went to Germany in 1875. He was a brass finisher by trade, and worked in Quincy thirty years. Siepker Bernard, laborer, 1118 Spring. Siepker Mrs. Ellen, 1035 Vermont. SIEPKER JOHN A., "Park" saloon, 31 North 5th street ; residence, 1246 Vermont street ; born in St. Louis, Mo, in 1848; came to Quincy, in 1851, with his parents ; he is a marble cutter by trade, and worked at that business seven years in this city, up to 1874, when he went to attend bar. He opened his present commodious place, fronting on the public park, in 1877, where all the comforts of the inner man can be pro cured, pure and palatable.^iDemocrat, and Catholic. Sigsbee Arthur, com. mer.;625 Vine. Silberman Mrs. A. widow, 524 Jersey. Simmonds Georre, attorney at law, 1118 Vermont. Simmons Daniel, carpenter, 1013 Jefferson. Simmons H. L. carpenter, cor. Sth and Cedar. Simmons Mrs. Mattie, 402 Broadway. Simon Bernard, blacksmith, 918 Hampshire. Simon Mrs. Catharine, cor. 6th and Ohio. Simon Mrs. John, widow, Lind, e of 9th. SIMPSON WILLIAM D., train dispatcher, Hannibal and St. Joe Railroad, Quincy, 111.; born in Philadelphia, 1843; commenced his railroad life as telegraph operator on the Pennsylvania Central Rail road in 1863; was appointed train dis patcher of the Hannibal and St. Joe Rail road in 1870 ; worked at St. Joe, Mo. ; Han nibal, and Brookfield, in that capacity; married Julia Carter, daughter of Thomas Carter, one of Adams county's oldest resi dents, in 1871. She was born in this county. They had four children "(deceased). Are members of the Presbyterian Church. Dem ocrat. Member of the Masonic Order, and Royal Arcanum. Sinclair Mrs. Lizzie, Oak, w of 3d. SISTERS OF NOTRE DAME, northwest corner of 8th and Vermont streets. Skinner A. C. carriage trimruer, 1260 Hampshire. Skinner J. R. book merchant, 611 Broadway. Skinner Mrs. Mary H. 611 Broadway. Skinner Mrs. O. C. cor. 9th and Cherry. SLINGERLAND H. V., drug gist, 627 Hampshire street; residence, 1011 Vine; was born in Albany county, N. Y, in 1840. He located in Quincy in 1861, and married Miss Celestine Lewis in 1871. She was born in this county. They have one child : May. Mrs. Slingerland is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. S. is Independ ent in politics. He has been in business since 1871, and has a well and carefully conducted drug store at the above location, with a physician's office. Dr. Bassett is located in the rear of the store. Slack Chas. C . blacksmith, 606 Broadway. Slack Mrs. Mary, widow, 426 Spring. Slater J. D. shoemaker, Elm, bet. 5th and 6th. Slee Mrs. Martha, 6th, s of Ohio. Sliney D. detective, Lind, e of 6th. Sliney John, boiler maker, cor. 8th and Elm. Sliney John, laborer, Chestnut, w of 9th. Slinger Miss Fannie A. 24th andiLind. Slinkman Henry, lime burner, 12th, n of Monroe. SMEIGH O. H., ornamental painter, 605 Hampshire street; residence, same; born in Newport, Perry county, Penn, in 694 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 1837 ; enlisted in the 9th Regt. Pa. Inf, Co. C, Sept. 14, 1861 ; served to close of the war ; went with Sherman to Atlanta, Ga. ; was Sergeant of his company ; mustered out at Springfield, 111, at the close of the war, and located in Quincy, in 1865, where he worked at his trade until 1877. He then went into business for himself. Republican in politics. He is Regimental Quartermaster of the 8th Regt. State N. G, and was Lieu tenant of Co. B. of the regiment when it was at East St. Louis, in the July riots of 1877. Smiedeskamp Fritz, laborer, 930 Payson ave. Smiedeskamp Mrs. Ricka, 729 Ohio. Smiedeskamp Wm. laborer, 508 Washington. Smith Mrs. A. D. widow, Hampshire, e of 25th. Smith Mrs. Bridget, 300 S. 7th. SMITH CEYLON, foundry and machine shop, corner of 5th and Ohio streets ; residence, 190 North 6th street ; was born in Cheshire county, New Hampshire, in 1828 ; moved to Alton, 111, in 1855, and to this city in 1857, where he established his present business. He married Rosala Lee, in 1853. She was born in Hampden county, Mass, in 1830. They are members of the Baptist Church. They have one child, named Ella May. He manufactures steam engines, and house elevators. He employs thirty men. Smith C. H, carpenter, cor. 8th and Chestnut. Smith C. H, engineer, 425 York. Smith Chas. W, cor. 4th and Sycamore. Smith Mrs: C. M, 135 N. 7th. Smith Mrs. Ellen, widow, 1128 Maine. Smith Emmett K, Baloon keeper, 131 N. 7th. Smith Mrs. Esther, widow, 251 N. 11th. Smith Mrs. Francis, 3d N. of Broadway. SMITH H. J., dentist, 17 South 5th street; born in Blair county Pa, 1840;/ lo cated in this county, 1866. He studied in Philadelphia, and commenced practice in 1859 in Huntingdon county, Pa ; married Miss Cornelia Keyes, daughter of Willard Keyes (deceased), an old resident of this county, in 1870. She was born in this county. They have one child, Henry K. The doctor is a Republican, and a member of the Masonic Order. He enlisted in the 53d Regt. Pa. Inf. Co. O. in 1861 ; promoted to 2d Lieutenant May 9, 1862, and to Captain, Dec. 4, 1862 ; served on the staff of Gen'l J. R Brooke until captured at Petersburg in 1864 ; was pa roled and resigned May, 1865 ; was wounded at Fair Oaks, Fredericksburg, and at Get tysburg. He has been practicing in this city since 1866. SMITH JACOR M., pork packer' 309 Market Square ; was born in Monroe county Va, 1826; came to this county, March, 1840, and to this city 1851 ; was in the general mercantile business and pork packing until 1859. He married Miss Zip py Hanks, 1851. She was born in Washing ton county, N. Y, 1833. Three children:) Mary C, .M. L. and Florence K. He was/ Mayor of Quincy one term, and is Alderman' of the 5th Ward at the present time. He is- a member of the Masonic Order. Capacity! of his house, 15,000 hogs ; sold and packed 12,000, 187 -8. Smith James H, 173 N. 3d. SMITH JAMES R., Superintendent I Western Union Telegraph Co. at Quincy, of fice, corner 4th and Maine streets, residence, 28 South 5th; born in Morgan county, 111,1847; located in Quincy, 1869. He married Miss Ella Wells, January, 1877. She was born in/ Quincy, in 1853. They have one child, Myra W. They attend the Unitarian Church. He was first connected with telegraphing in 1865 as operator, and was appointed Super intendent of the department at Quincy in 1869. He is a Mason. Mr. Smith is a thor ough business man, active and industrious, with the interests of his employers always in view. Smith John A, 320 Spring Smith J. A., contractor, 903, York. Smith J. J, painter, Oak, e of 18th. Smith Joel H, tobacconist, 412 Payson ave. Smith Joseph, pilot, cor. Front and Jersey. Smith Mrs. Mary, widow, 71 S. 6th. Smith Mrs. Mary, widow, 143 N. 7th. Smith Morris, 1400 Vermont. SMITH M. W., assistant agent Blue Line, 22 North 4th street, was born in Bed- • ford county, Va, 1833 ; located in this city in 1855. He married Miss Annie E. Watson, 1857. She was born in Washington county, N. Y, in 1840. They have one child, Charles W. They attend the Unitarian church. He is Republican. He was foreman in the pork packing house of his brotherfor eleven years, was railroading balance of the time until ap pointed to his present position, June 1878. SMITH OWEN A., saloon, 916 Maine street ; born in County Caven, Ire- land, in 1842; located in Brooklyn, N. Y, a short time, and permanently in Quincy in 1847. Married Eilzabeth Monaghan in 1867 QUINCY DIRECTORY. She was born in County Caven also. They have five children: Margeret E, Eugene, Mary J, Susan and Elizabeth, all members of the Catholic church. He is a Democrat. He is a harness maker by trade, which he followed for sixteen years, until 1876, when he went into his present business. Smith Owen, laborer, cor. 4th and Spruce. Smith Patrick, laborer. Cedar, e of 4th. Smith Thos. book keeper, 825 Jersey. Smith Thos. H, stone cutter, 521 Hampshire. Smith Wm. M. book keeper, 143 N. 7th. Smyth Hugh, 419 Broadway. SMYTHE REV. NEWMAN, pastor First Presbyterian Church, residence, 909 Broadway; born in Cumberland county Maine, 1843. He studied Theology at An- dover College and graduated, and was or dained in Providence, R. I, in 1867. He organized Co. A. of the 16th Regt, Maine Inf. ; went out as 1st Lieutenant. He served until the close of the war. He was detailed . for duty and served as Quartermaster dur ing the latter months of his service. He was present and took part in the grand review at Washington at close of the war ; married Miss Anna M. Ayer, in 1870. She was born in Bangor, Me, in 1850. Two children: Mary W. and Nathan A. Mr. Smythe came to Quincy and took charge of his congregation, May, 1876. Snander Andreas, nurseryman, Broadway w of 22d. Suellbaker John W. 823 Madison. SNITJER DRIKUS Sr., retired; residence 416 Kentucky street ; born in Han over, Germany, in 1805; came to the United States in 1854, via New Orleans, St. Louis, and located in Quincy in 1863. He married Johanna Kuiper in 1829. She was born in Amsterdam, Holland, in 1804. Have five children: Michael A, Annie, LenaE, Mary and Dedrick Jr. They are members of the Presbyterian Church, and Democrats. Ded rick Jr. married Miss Fannie Bonney, daughter of Dr. J. W. Bonney, of Quincy. Snitjer D. Jr. sew. mach. agt. Maine w of 16th. Snyder Mrs. Elizabeth, 195 N. loth. Snyder H. wood yard, 113 S. 4th. Snyder Henrv, laborer, 195 N. 10th. SoebbingG. 103 S. 3d. SOERRING HENRY, hats and caps, 510 Maine street; residence 103 S. 3d street; bom in Quincy in 1853; married Miss Mary Schlag in 1878. She was born in Quincy in 1855. Are members of St. Bon iface Catholic Church. His father, Gerhard Soebbing, located in Quincy in 1838, and was in the cooperage business. Henry has been in business with his brother, as Soeb- bingBros', since 1868. Soebbing Herman, cabinet maker, 1012 Oak. Soebbing John, 103 S. 3d. SOHM EDWARD (of the firm of Ridder & Co ), wholesale and retail crock ery, glass and queensware, 423 Hampshire street; residence 72 S. 3d street; born in this county Oct. 2, 1845 ; married Miss Barbara Helmer Aug. 10, 1868. She was born in St. Louis, Mo, May 4, 1847. Their children are : Katie R, William H, Helena T, and Emma. Members of the Catholic Church. He is a Democrat. He is the elder son of Pantaloon Sohm, who located in Quincy in 1838, and is still a resident of this city. Mr. Edward Sohm is Treasurer of the Germania Publishing Company, of Quincy. Sohm John A. York w of 3d. Sohm Joseph H. trav. salesman, York w of 3d. Sohm Pantaloon, grocer, 80 8. 3d. Sohm Chas. policeman, 401 Ohio. Sohm Ferdinand, stone cutter, 610 Jefferson. Sommer Aldo, druggist, cor. 7th and Broadway. Sommer Mrs. Anna, widow, 1105 Oak. Sommer H rman, green house, cor. 20th and Maine. Sonderman Wm laborer, 15. h s of Ohio. Sonnenscbein Fred W. saloon, 404 N. 5th. SONNET FRANK, bakery and confectionery, 610 Maine street; residence same; born in Germany in 1848; came to the United States in 1869 ; a thorough master of his business. He located in Quincy, and married Miss Christina Mast in 1875, daugh ter of one of Quincy's oldest residents. She was born in Quincy in 1854, and presides over the store, assisted by her only sis ter, Miss Lizzie Mast, as sweet looking as the delicacies she is surrounded by. She, also, was born in Quincy. They are mem bers of the Catholic Church. They are doing a lucrative and growing business, and are deserving of the public patronage. Sontag Andrew, laborer, 909 Ohio. Sontag Peter, laborer, 8th s of State. Sawell Mrs. Cynthia, 1027 Spring. Spaulding Francis E. molder, 12th s of Payson ave. Spaulding M C. miller, Ohio e of 5th. Specbt Mrs. Catherine, 1021 Hampshire. Specht Fred, cooper, Ohio w of 12th. Specht Louis, 1117 Payson ave. Speckart Chas. tobacconist, 516 Jersey. Speckman Gottlieb, teamster, 645 Washington. Spencer C. H. yard master, Wabash Ry, 359 N. 5th. 696 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Spencer Mrs. E. K. Oak e of 18th. Spencer Mrs. Eunice, widow, 209 State. Spencer Mrs. Sarah, cor. 5th and State. Spencer "Wm. miller, 802 Kentucky. SPIELRUHLER JOHN G., gro cery store, northwest corner of 7th and Ohio streets; residence, same. He was born in Thurnau Ober Franken, Barren, Europe, Feb. 12, 1815, and emigrated to America, landing at New York City, July 25, 1848 ; going from thence to Nashville, Tenn, where he remained five years, and arrived at Quincy, 111, in 1854, where he followed his profes sion of stone cutter. He married Miss Theresa Surlage in Quincy, Feb. 15, 1856. She was born in Waterslo, Westphalia, Eu rope, June 28, 1825. She came to America, and landed at New Orleans in 1854, staying one year in St. Louis, Mo, and then came to Quincy, 111. Four children; three dead, one living, named Anna. She was born in Quincy, Dec. 4, 1861. He is a Lutheran. Mother and daughter are Roman Catholics. Politics, Independent. Was a soldier in the Albert Papenheim Regiment of Bairen from 1836 till 1842. Property, real and personal, not estimated. SPIES JOHAN, blacksmith, 627 State street. He was born in Marihilf, hers- chaft Fumuhle Ober Faltz Bairen, Europe, July 3, 1810, and emigrated to America; landed at Philadelphia in 1838, remaining three years, following his trade, after which. he went to Bedford Co, Penn, where he re mained two years,and in 1843 came to Quincy, 111. In 1849 he crossed the plains to Cali fornia, remaining three years ; then returned to Quincy. He married Miss Barbara Nes in Pennsylvania in 1842. She was born on the river Main in dorf Brodshelden, Europe, Dec. 2, 1817, and emigrated to America ; landed at Philadelphia in 1842. Eight children : one dead, John, who died at Baton Rouge, La, April 1877 ; living are Mathilda, aged 30years, now the widow Hilgenbrink ; Sophie, aged 29, now Mrs. Haxel ; Fritz, aged 27 ; Charles, aged 23; Mary, aged 22 years, now Mrs. Waller; Willie, aged 19 years, and Joseph, aged 15 years. Mr. Spies came to Quincy without any property. The first work he did was to work oh the road, laboring for road tax for other parties. Religion, Roman Catholic. Politics, Democrat. Is a member of the General Benevolent Association of Quincy. Real and personal property estima ted at $6,000. Spilker Henry, teamster, 816 Jefferson. Spilker Henry, stone mason, 11th n of Washington. Spilker Herman, painter, Adams w of 10th. Spillmeyer Fred, varnisher, 815 Monroe. SPINDLER FRANK JOSEPH, butcher, St. Louis Meat Market, Adams street between 7th and 8th ; residence, same. He was born in Herbolsheim, ampt Etten- heim, Baden, March 19, 1857; came to the United States, arriving at New York City in 1872, going direct to Quincy, and accepted a position as butcher for Conrad" Kauder, for whom he worked three years, after which he took a pleasure trip South, and after five months he returned, and after a short sojourn among his friends made a trip to Europe, re- maining six months. On his return to Quincy he opened the present store. Married Miss Carolina Kappner in Quincy, Nov. 5, 1878. She was born in Adams Co, 111, Aug. 25, 1851. Religion, Roman Catholic. Polities, Democrat. Real and personal property esti mated at $600. Spoeler Herman Sr. fence maker, 715 Oak. Spoeler Herman Jr. painter, 715 Oak. Spoeler Johan, butcher, Kansas City. Spreen Frederick, cor. 12th and Vermont. / Sprick Gottlieb, laborer, 904 Monroe. SPRIGG JAMES NEWFFELD, Attorney at Law, office, southwest corner 6th and Maine ; born in Schuyler Co, 111, Aug. 15, 1850 ; graduated at Harvard University law school and admitted to the bar in Mass., 1876 ; commenced practice in Quincy same year. Mr. Sprigg is a young man of finished education, possessing magnetic influence over his hearers to an unusual extent, yet of a retiring and unobtrusive nature, shunning notoriety. St. Clair Mrs. A. T. 414 Maine. St. Clair Mrs. Lurina, 115 Vermont. Stackelbeck Fred, laborer, 823 Adams. Stackelbeck Wm. stone cut'r, 11th n of Washington. Stahlhut Christian, teamster, 930 State. Stalf Adam, molder, 7th and Jefferson. Stalf Leonhard, laborer, cor. 7th and Madison. Standbard Chas. cabinet maker, 196 S. 6th. Starman August, painter, lltb bet. Vermont and Hampshire. Steffeu Caspar, stone cotter, 285 S . 7th. Steffen Henry J. pressman, 7th s of Payson ave. Steffner Joseph, teamster, 824 Madison. Stegeman Henry, laborer, Vermont w of 16th. Stegmann John, cigar maker, 621 Vine. QUINCY DIRECTORY. 697 STEINBACH JOHN A., Chief Engineer Fire Department; residence 624 State street ; born in Shelby county, Mo, in 1847 ; located in this city with his parents in 1848, He commenced the business of bricklaying at 15 years of age, and followed building and contracting until 1874, when he was appointed to his present position. He was a volunteer fireman at the age of 15. He married Miss Barbara Weiseuberger in ' 1868. She was born in Germany in 1850. Their children are: Leonora A. M, Delia S. C, Mary, John A, and Jacob E. T. He is a Democrat, and a member of the K. of P, A. O. U. W., and of the Druids. STEINBACH PHILIP Sr., contractor and brick-mason ; . office and resi dence 623 State street. He was born near Strasburg, Alsace, Germany, March 5, 1828, and emigrated to America with his parents when about three weeks old, settling in Ohio ; in 1845 he went to Shelby county, Mo, and came to Quiiicy in 1848, following his trade. He married Mrs. Mary Rebecca Steinbach (whose maiden name was Schied) at Quincy, in October, 1854. She was born in Pitts burg, Pa, Dec. 8, 1825. Previous to marriage with her present husband she had two chil dren: John A, aged 31 years, and Philip D, aged 29, who died April 27, 1879, being sons of John A.Steinbaclj (deceased), brother to Philip Steinbach Sr. Six children have been the issue of the present marriage: Mary, aged 24 (now Mrs. Grosch) ; Lena M, aged 22 (now Mrs. Leise) ; Wm. A, aged 20 ; Bertha, aged 17; Amanda, aged 14, and Cora, aged 8 years. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Democrat. Was elected Alderman under the-adtninistration of Mayors Lane and Ber rian, serving two years; one term under Mayor Rowland, and one term underMayors Rearick and Smith. Is a member of the German Benevolent Association of Quincy, of which he was President in 1876; was President of St. Peter's (Lutheran) Church from 1861 until 1876. Is now the oldest con tractor in this city. During all his business transactions has never been sued in any court. Real and personal property estimated at $7,000. btelnegeweg J . laborer, 8th s of Harrison. Stelnhart Mrs. Henrietta, 94 N. 5th. STEINKAMP BERNARD (H. A. VandenBoom & Co.), furniture factory, corner 10th and Vermont streets ; residence 1034 Broadway ; born in Koesfeld, Prussia, in 1842; came to the United States in 1860, and located in Quincy; married Elizabeth Roever in 1866. She was born in Quincy. They have three children: Annie, Lizzie and Bernard. Are members of the Catholic Church. Is a Democrat. Have been in business since 1868. They employ seventy men constantly; own and occupy a large four-story brick building, with steam power, for their factory. Common chairs and bed steads a specialty. Steinkamp Mrs. C. widow, 817 Kentucky. Stelnkamp Henry, brick maker, 1027 Vine. , STEINKAMP HENRY, saddles. harness and dealer in hides, 709 State street; residence same; born in Prussia in 1,837; came to the United States in 1858, and lo cated in this city ; married Mary A. Terlies- ner in 1863. She was born in Prussia in 1841. They have three children: Henry, Mary and Bernard. They are members of the Catholic Church. Ho is a Democrat. He was 2d Assistant Engineer in 1870-71, City Marshal in 1872, City Collector in 1875 and '76, and Town Collector of Quincy in 1879. He manufactures whips of a superior quality, which he warrants, and deals in all goods in his line. He is a reliable business man. Steinkamp Joseph, laborer, 1021 Kentucky. Steinmetz Jacob, laborer, 611 York. STEINWEDELL WILLIAM,. retired; residence, 168 North 8th street. He was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1827 ; came to the United States in If 49 ; arrived in Quincy in June of that year. He married Miss Louisa Morphy in 1859. She was born in New Orleans in 1841. They have four * children : Elise, Lilia, William and George. He is a Democrat. He organized a military company the week after the at tack on Fort] Sumter, and served as volun teer under Gen. Pope in securing the money of the banks of Lagrange and Canton, Mo, which he delivered at the sub-treasury in St- Louis, by order of Major Gen. Fremont. He participated in the attack on Monroe Sta tion, Mo, for the relief of the 16th Regt. 111. Inf., besieged there at the outbreak of the war. He escorted the arms for the Iowa Volunteers from Quincy to Keokuk. They served as a city guard until 1864, when he 698 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. disbanded the company, which did good service for the government at a critical time when firmness, good judgment, and unfalter ing bravery were required. He or his men received no renumeration from the govern ment for their valuable services rendered. His firm of Bertschinger & Steinwedell im ported the first goods direct from Europe to Quincy in the hardware line, and paid the first duty to the Collector of the Port ; he was one of the Electors for Greeley in 1872. He is a stockholder in the First National Bank; is a member of the I. O. O. F, also German Turners stockholder and director, ^md one of the leading Germans of Quincy. Stengel Theophelis, house mover, 923 Maine. Stern Henry, painter, 1106 Vine. Stern Joseph, cooper, 1114 Vine. Stern Louis, book keeper, cor. 14th and Oak. Stutermann George, wagon maker, 680 Washington. Stevens Martin S. Oak e of 18th. Stewart Albert, farmer, 515 Jackson. STEWART A. M., proprietor Quincy City Steam Dye Works, 316 Maine street. He was born in Monmouth county, N. J, in 1833, and located in Quincy in 1836. He married Margaret Ellsworth in ' 1853. She was born in Virginia in 183 >. Have nine children, Effie E, Mary M, Georgi..na, John, Susan B, E. M, Florence E, Henry L. and Daisy. Republican. Belongs to M. E. Church. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. Is a silk and woolen dyer and scourer. Gents' coats, vests and pants are dyed, cleaned and repaired by their great chemical process. Every spot of grease, paint, wax and tar, together with all other blemishes to which the above garments are liable, are entirely removed, and he warrants the spot not to re-appear. If he fails to please you no charge will be made. Ladies' shawls, ribbons, silk and woolen dresses, kid gloves, etc, a specialty. Feathers cleaned, dyed and curled. All colors war ranted fast. Remember the place, 316 Maine street, Quincy, 111. All goods sent by ex press will receive prompt attention. Hats cleaned and made new, and warrantedNo. 1. Stewart Mrs. Ann, 705 Broadway. Stewart Mrs. Ann, cor. 4th and Payson ave. Stewart Jackson, teamster, cor. 3d and Elm. Stewart James, Jr. switchman, 216 Spring. Stewart James W. com. merchant, 1808 Maine . Stewart John, clerk in post-office, 705 Broadway. Stewart Mrs. Maggie J. dressmaker, 1117 Vine. STEWART RORERT, Harbor Master, 29 Front street; residence, 203 Maine street. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1831 ; came to this country in 1849, and located in this city in 1857. He married Miss Marian Jarrett in 1855. She was born in Scotland. They have three children: James A, Minnie B. and Robert F. Are members of the Unitarian Church. He is a Democrat. He went into the ice business in this city in 1859, and continued until the present time. He has been Harbor Master four years. Is a member of the Ma sons, Druids and Odd Fellows' societies. Stewart Sam, laborer, Elm, e of 9th. Stille Christian, cooper, 272 S. 6th. Stinne't Wm. E. laborer, 1257 Maine. STIPP AUGUST H., cigar man- ufacturer, northwest comer of 6th and Adams streets. He was born in Herford, Westphalia, Europe, Jan. 31, 1847; came to America in 1866 ; remaining one year in the State of Missouri, and arrived in Quincy, 111, Sept. 1, 1867; married Frederika Vom- dam, in Quincy, 111, Jan. 8, 1869; was born in Lippinghausen, Europe, Feb. 17, 1850. Religion, Lutheran. Property, valued at $1,500. Stipp Frank, laborer, 815 Washington. Stipp Herman, laborer, Madison, e of 9th. Stobie Alexander, laborer, 235 N. 5th. Stock John, cooper, 640 Madison. STOCKHEKRR HERMAN, wood merchant ; residence, 305 South 8th street; was born in Germany, Jan. 1, 1846. His father died when he was 2- years old; six years later his mother came to America, and settled in Quincy, where he has since lived. He enlisted in the army in Co. A, 43d Regt. 111. Inf. in 1864; served till the close of the war. He married Anna Fleer, in September, 1866. She was born in Germany. They had five children, four living: Anna, Herman, Ida, and William. He owns residence and lot, No. 305 South 8th street, and 400 acres timber land in Pike county, 111. Stockseik Fred, carpenter, Monroe, e of 10th. Stockton T. S. blacksmith, 918 Hampshire. Stockwell W. W. collector, 222 State. Stotts Mrs. Mary, widow, 307 Kentucky. Stourhahn Fred, shoemaker. 1221 Vermont. Stoeckle Alex, blacksmith, 26 N. 10th. STOECKLE EDWARD, whole sale liquors, 624 Maine street; born in Baden, Germany, in 1835; came to the QUINCY DIRECTORY. 699 United States, Nov. 15, 1861, and located in Quincy. He married Elizabetha Bart, in 1866. She was born in Wisconsin. They have four children : Maggie, Edward, Gus tav, and John. They are members of the Catholic Church. He has been in business for himself twelve years in the liquor business. Stoeckle Gustav, boots and Bhoes, 624 Maine. Stall John, carpenter, 922 York. Stone A. T. 309 N. 5th. Stone Albert Jr. 1648 Maine. STONE E. K., Superintendent of the Quincy Horse Railway and Carrying- Company; was born in Worcester county,. Mass, in 1818; moved to this State, in 1838, and located in this city in 1839 > and went into the boots and shoe business, which he continued in until 1865. He became a stockholder, and superintendent of the above company in 1870, and has had the management of it since. Stoppe Joseph, shoemaker, 21 S. 10th. Storck F. carpenter, cor. State and 12th. Stork Henry, furniture manufacturer, 713 State. Stork Herman, teamBter, 1116 Payson ave. Stork Mrs. Mena, widow, 825 Jefferson. STORK & PANEKO, contractors and builders, corner of 12th and State streets. Frederick Stork was born near Herford, Regierungs-bazirk Preus-Minden, Europe, Ifov. 15, 1844, and came to America, arriv ing at New Orleans, with his parents, in 1854, coming direct to Quincy, 111. He married Miss Wilhelmina Drege, at Quincy, 111.. Aug. 4, 1874. She was born in Oldes- hausen Regierungs-bezirk, Osterrode, Prus sia, March 29, 1853, and came to America with her mother, in August, 1871, going direct to Quincy. They had three children : Frank Henry Edward, bom July 1, 1870 (by a former wife) ; Peter Henry Frederick, born May 22, 1875, and Herman Ludwig, born July 10, 1877. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Democrat. Enlisted at Quincy, 111, Aug. 15, 1862, in Co. A, 119th Regt, 111. Inf, and was honorably discharged at Mobile, Ala, Aug. 26, 1865, and participated in all the battles in which his regiment was engaged. He is a member of the Protestant Widows and Orphans' Society of Quincy, 111. Real and personal property estimated at $7,000. Stormer Gottlieb, carpenter, 1110 Washington. Stormer Henry, brick maker, Monroe e of 12th. Stormer Wm. laborer, 926 Monroe. Stormer Wm. Adams bet. 10th and 11th. Stowberg Valentine, teamster, 527 Washington. Straley Joseph, harness maker, 431 Kentucky. St'-atman C.F. carpenter, cor. 8th and Payson ave. Strauss M. express, cor. 7th and Jefferson. Strenger Henry, laborer, 828 Washington. Strenger Henry, laborer, 814 Jeff, rson. Strenghouuer Wm. laborer, 700 Madison. Stroad Mrs. Cajcy, widow, 330 State. STRICKLING II . F., grocery, northwest corner of 11th and Broadway; res idence, same ; born in Belmont county, Ohio, in 1849. He went to Nebraska in 1865, and was actively engaged in frontier life until 1868 ; taught school and kept store, when he enlisted at Fort McPhorson in the 2d Reg. Cav, in which he served on the plains actively until his time expired in 1873, when he was honorably discharged. He located in Jack sonville, Morgan county, in this state, 1873, and married Miss Laura Clark, daughter of Geo. W. Clark, of that city, in 1876. She was born there, 1855. They located in Quincy, 1878, when he went into his present business, and is carrying on a large and profitable trade. He is a young man of good appearance and address, with the health of frontier life visible. He is a Democrat. Stroot John, cooper, 50 N. llih. Strouse Henry, mail agt. 164 N. 5th. Strub Joseph, stone mason, 828 Kentucky. Strunk Peter, laborer, 1109 Oak. Stuckenburg Henry, 1019 Vermont. Stuckman Gust, clerk, 830 Washinston. Stuckman Henry, carpenter, llih n of Payson ave. Stuckman Joseph, laborer, Elm e of 9th. . Stuke H. laborer, 726 Jackson. Sturgiss Mrs. Margaret, widow, 602 Broadway. STURGISS SAMUEL M., den tist, north-east corner of 5th and Hampshire ; born in Chester county. Pa, 1828 ; moved to this county, 1852; studied in Westchester county, Pa. He married. Miss Mary Ko nantz, 1855. She was born in this city. He has three children living : Emma J, Mary and Flora. Mrs. Sturgiss died Jan. 2, 1862. He married his second wife, Rebecca Reeder, 1863. Have two boys : Edward K, and Wil liam R. The doctor is President of the Illi nois State Dental Society, composed of the leading dentists of the State. He is a Dem ocrat in politics. Sturhahn Fred, laborer, 713 Madison. Sturhahn Gust, tobacconist, 640 Washington. Sturhahn Herman, laborer, Jefferson w of 10th. STURHAHN LEOPOLD, black smith, 1009 Payson Ave. He was born in TOO HISTORl OF ADAMS COUNTY. Lippe-Depenhold, Europe, October, 18, 1850, and emigrated to America, landing at New York City, Oct, 1863. He came direct with his parents to Quincy, 111. He married Miss Aima Beumer in Quincy, Nov. 16, 1871. She was born near Erforcl, Westphalia, Europe, Sept. 1, 1850, and emigrated to America with her parents in 1856, going direct to Quincy. They have had two children: one dead, Amalia H. W, aged two years, five months and eleven days; living, Amalia, two years of age. Religion, Protestant. Property, real and persona], valued at $2,000. Sturmer G. teamster, Monroe e of 5th . Stuttenburg Joseph, teamster, cor. of 2d and Lind. Sullivan H. V. 1477 Vermont. Sunderman Mrs. A. A. widow, 189 S. 6th. Surlage Frank, printer, cor. 9th and Monroe. Surmeyer Henry, pork packer, 1018 Broadway. Surmeyer Mrs. T. widow, 20 N. 8th. S a thus Theo. cooper, Jackson w of 12th. Swabel Wm. laborer, cor. 13th and Spring. Swanson Audrus, laborer, 4th s of Sycamore. Swapsher Henry, laborer, Olive n of Vine. Swartwout A. C. pork packer, 910 Vermont. SWARTWOUT A. M., retired; residence, 910 Vermont street; bom in Dutchess County, N. Y, in 1817 ; moved to New York City in 1828, and to Quincy in 1837 ; married Miss Mary Elizabeth Alexan der, daughter of Col. Alexander, of the United States Land Office, in 1849. She was born in Quincy. One son, Alexander C. Mrs. Swartwout died four months after the birth of her son. Mr. Swartwout was in the lum ber business from 1865 to 1875, when he re tired from active business. Republican. His son, A. C, is in partnership with A. J. F. Prevost in the pork packing business in this city. Swartzbaugh Mrs. Myra, 108 Hampshire. Sweetring John, molder, 528 Kentucky. SWENEY JAMES G., farrier; 26 South 4th street ; residence, York, between 2d and 3d; born in City Londonderry, Ireland, 1844; came to the United States 1849, and located in Quincy with his father in 1851 ; married Lizzie Dodia in 1865. She was born in St. Louis in 1846. Their chil dren are: John C, James B, Lillie, Edward D, Emmet, and Clara B. His father, Daniel Sweney, established his business in 1851, when he came to Quincy, and is well and favorably known all over the state as a farrier and horse shoer ; has been in business since 1866. Swimmer Harris, hides, etc. 69 S. 6th. Swinney Elijah A. carpenter, 1021 Broadway. Swinney Mrs. Scott, Hampshire, w of 20th. SYKES S. M., engineer Fire Depart ment, steamer No. 3, 8th between Jersey and Maine streets; residence, same; born in Greene county, 111, 1840 ; located in this city 1844; has been in the Fire Department since • 1871. He enlisted in the United States Navy as 2d Assistant Engineer in the Western Gulf Squadron, May 1864, and was honorably discharged Dec. 4, 1865. He is a licensed river engineer. He is a reliable and trust worthy officer of the department in which he serves. Sylvester John, blacksmith, 4th n of Spruce. Sylvester John A, blacksmith, 4lh bet. Maple and Sycamore. Tacke Mrs. Caroline, boarding,' cor. 3d and Vermont. TACKE WILHELM, groceries- and provisions, corner 4th and Ohio streets; residence, same. He was born in Grabe Ampt Ottenstein, Regierungs-bezirk, Holz- Minden, Braunschweig, Europe, on April 16, 1829, and emigrated to America, arriv ing at New York in 1853; from there lie went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and then to Law- renceburg, Ind, remained three years; from there he went to Louisville, Ky, remained six months; thence to St. Louis, Mo, and ' from there to Quincy, 111, where he arrived August 9, 1863. He married Miss Katherina Hax in St. Louis, Mo, July 30, 1859. She was born in Grosz Umstadt, Darmstadt^ Europe, on May 2, 1826, and emigrated to America, landing in New Orleans, in 1858. Three children : Amelia, born Dec. 26, 1862; Karl, born Oct. 17, 1864, and Wilhelm, horn Jan. 22. 1869. Religion, Lutheran. Politics, Democrat. Real and personal property not estimated. , Talcott Mrs. Martha, widow, 716 Jersey. Talkin Henry, Vine w of 22d. Tantman August, wood dealer, 146 S. 8th. Tansman Fred. 1005 Hampshire. Tansman Herman, wood yard, Sth u of State. Tansman Mrs. Joannah, widow, 805 State. TANSMAN WILLIAM H., wood dealer, Maine street, near 3d; residence, 142 South Eighth street; born in Germany, near Berlin, in 1839 ; located in this city; in 1846; married Miss Kate Sundermann in 1864. She was born in this city in 1845. QUINCY DIRECTORY. 701 Their children are : William H, John H, Freddie II, and Annie C. They are Luther ans. Ho was a Republican in 1862; was elected Alderman of the 4th Ward that year on tho Republican ticket, and re-elected in 1866 by the Democrats, he having become a Democrat in tho meantime. He was tip- pointed a member of the Board of Edu cation in 1807, and reappointed Supervisor in 1876. He is a Mason, and also a member of tho German Benevolent Widows and Orphans' Society. Tappe Wm. D. painter, 1114 Vermont, Taths Michael, school teacher, 527 Adams. Taylor Mrs. Elizabeth, Vine e of 6th. Taylor George, machinist, Locust w of 4th. Taylor MrB. Isabel, widow, 24 N. 3d. Taylor John, molder, Jofferson e of 11th. Taylor Mrs. Lizzie, 700 Jackson. Tebbe Mrs. Elizabeth, widow, 811 Jersey. Tebben Mrs. Elizabeth, 57 N. 12th. Telchert Wm. farmer, 810 Ohio. Teigeler Barney, barber, n end of Sth. Tellbusch August, molder, 823 Washington. Tempe Mrs. Angellne, Elm e of 18th. Tempe Bernard, 18th bet. Elm and Lind. TEMPE J. B., flour, feed and fruit store, comer of 11th and Hampshire streets; born in Quincy, Feb. 1, 1852 ; married Caro line Ahrens, May 11, 1875. Sho was born in Germany. They have one child: Matilda, born March 14, 1877. He is a Democrat. He has been in business for himself since 1875. Ho is a son of Bernard Tempe, one of the early settlers in Quincy, who died Sept. 8, 1869. Ho is an active, intelligent young business man. Tempelman J. H. plasterer, 152 S. 8th. Tempelman Bernard, bds. 20 N. 9th. TENK HENRY (H. & J. II. Tenk), hardware, 512 Maine street ; residonce, south west corner of 3d and Jersey streets ; bom in Prussia in 1829; came to the United States in 1844; located in Quincy in 1846; married Gertrude Venvertloh in 1868. Sho was born in Prussia in 1887. Three chil dren : Elizabeth, Henry R, and Frank J. They aro members of the Catholic Church. Independent in politics. He commenced business in this city for himself in 1868, as H. & J. II. Tonk. Thoy carry a very large stock of general -hardware. TENK HENRY, Jr., rope walk, corner of 21st and Vine streets ; residence, corner 11th and Oak streets. He was born in Quincy, 111, April 17, 1848, and after re ceiving a common school education he served his apprenticeship as a rope-manu facturer with Ben. 11. Goodnow. He mar ried Miss Elizabeth Develius, in Quincy, July 17, 1866. She was bom in St. Louis, Mo, April 12, 1849; came to Quincy with her parents when one yoar of age. One child, Rosa; born July 17, 1867. Religion, Ro man Catholic. Politics, Democrat. Was a member of Neptune Fire Company, No. 4, of Quincy, from 1860 till 1862. ; is the junior partner of the firm of J. II. Wavering & Co. Has been in business for one year. Real and personal properly estimated at $500. Tenk John II. cutlery, etc. 515 Oak. TERM ENG E GEORGE, drug gist, No. 502 Maine street; residence,' 27 South 10th street. Torford Henry, carpenter, 719 Oak. Torford Wm. contractor, 186 N. 12th. Terry Mrs. Maria T. 1124 Oak. Terstriep Herman, carpenter, 886 N. 10th. Terwe'p Anton, boxmaker, 1282 Hampshire. Terwolp Wm. 1232 Hampshire. Terwlsche Mrs. Francis, 624 Hampshire. Terwische J. H. harness maker, 208 N. 8th. Terwlsche Louis, carpenter, 189 S. 6th. Thale Herman H. laborer, 1106 Ohio. Thales Frank, cabinetmaker, 987 State. THAYER MRS. E., residence, 87 North 8th street. She was born in Halifax county, Va, in 1825 ; married Reason Cross in 1840. He died in 1852, leaving one child, Lizzie (now Mrs. Blakcslee). She married Lynas Thayer, in 1853. He died in 1858. He was a land agent speculator. Mrs. Thayer's daughter married Willis Blakeslee, who is pilot on the Mississippi river. They have one child, Willis, born in 1867. Theis Mrs. S. widow, 516 Kentucky. Tbenhaus Chas. laborer, 926 Payson ave. Thenhausen Henry, carpenter, 804 Monroe. Thenish Mrs. Sophia, Chestnut e of 10th. Thesen Fred, carpenter, 1023 Ohio. Thesen Herman H. teamster, 1020 Ohio. Thesen Mrs. Lotta, widow, 1023 Ohio. Thesen Wm. cooper, 710 Washington. Thiemann Bernard, harnessmakcr, 923 Jefferson. Thier B. barber and thoemaker, 710 York. Thorn Owen, miller, 918 Broadway. Thomas Mrs. Anna, cor. 2d and Elm. THOMAS CHRIST (deceased) ; born in Nassau, Germany, in 1832 ; came to the United States in 1852, and married 702 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Lucy Barnes in 1856. She was born in Hanover, Germany. He died in January, 1869, leaving four children: ^Charlie, Ed ward, William, and Louisa. He left his widow comfortably provided for. He was a real-estate and insurance agent (life), and was a member of the I. O. O. F. She owns her residence, 410 Kentucky street, and a vineyard of five acres, worth $5,000. Thomas Mrs. Francis, widow, 175 N. 10th. Thomas Mrs. Julia, 9th n of Vine. Thomas Mrs. Mary E. seamstress, 115 N. 4th. THOMAS PHILIP, stave and heading factory, Quincy bay; residence, 15th and State streets ; born in Bavaria in 1812; came to the United States, in 1837, and located in Baltimore, Md.; went to New Orleans, La. ; thence to Iowa, in 1840, and located in Quincy (after being five years in Warsaw, where he carried on the cooper's business) in 1842. He has con ducted a successful cooperage business since, assisted by his son, on 2d street. He established his stave mill, in 1863 ; capacity, 15,000 staves per day. He is a member of the I. O. O. F.^ and a Lutheran. Thomasmeyer Fred. cor. 9th and State. Thompson Mrs. Celia, widow, 1016 Vermont. Thompson Mrs. Elizabeth, cor. 20th and Oak. Thompson V. C. ins. agt. 88 N. 3d. Thompson F. W. life ins. agt. cor. 25th and High. Thompson Isaac N. deputy sheriff, 1225 Maine. Thompson T. teamster, cor. 7th and Maple. Thompson Joseph, first miller Eagle Mills, 424 Oak. THOMPSON JOSEPH C, Attor ney, 506 Hampshire street; residence, 631 Hampshire street ; was born in Blairsville, Penn, Sept. 18, 1826; was married to Miss Emeline P. Eells, Sept. 3, 1856. She was bom in Cornwall, Vt, May 18, 1829. They have two children : S. Culbertson and Joseph E. He studied his profession at Lebanon, Ohio, and graduated at the law school of Bloomington, Ind.; came to this city in July, 1868, and opened an office to practice his profession. He was elected County Judge in 1872, and served one term. He has by close attention to his profession built up an enviable reputation, and very lucrative business. He is Democratic in_politics, and one of the most energetic and go-ahead workers in the ranks. Tiemann B. harnessmaker, Jefferson, bet. 9th & 10th. Tiemann Fred. cor. 18th and Kentucky. Tiemann Fred, laborer, cor. 15th and Washington. Tiemann Henry, teamster, 901 Jefferson. Tiemann Mrs. Lizetta, widow, 1027 Kentucky. Tiemann Wm. stone-cutter, 932 Monroe. TILLSON GENERAL JOHN, was born at Hillsboro, 111, Oct. 12, 1825. He is the second son of John and Christiana Holmes Tillson, the former a native of Hal- ifax, the latter of Kingston, Plymouth county, Mass. Mr. Tillson, the elder, was one of the most prominent men of the State during its first thirty years, and came to Illinois, in 1819, landing at Shawneetown, at the same time with Governor John Wood, whose daughter is now the wife of General Tillson. He settled in Hillsboro, and came to Quincy in 1843, where his business interests had long been. Mr. Tillson was noted for his high business sagacity, and his philan thropic character. He early acquired a fortune, the largest in the State, which was generously bestowed. To religious and educational interests he was a munificent, and yet unpretentious patron. He built "Hillsboro Academy"; was one of the founders of the Illinois and Shurtleff Col leges, and erected the " Quincy House" in 1836, then the finest hotel west of Pittsburgh, at a cost of over $100,000. He died in 1853, at Peoria, instantly, of heart disease, as had his father and grandfather before him. General Tillson, his son, was educated, first by private tuition at home, and after ward at South Reading, [Mass, and Hills boro Acadamies, and Illinois College. The subject of this sketch read law, and attended two courses at the Transylvania Law School in Lexington, Ky, and graduated there in 1847, having been chosen speaker for the class. He practiced law at Quincy, the lat ter part of the time being in partnership with the late A. Jonas. In 1851, himself and "Uncle" Smith organized the land agency firm of Tillgon & Kingman. In 1856, he was the Republican candidate for State Representative, and in 1858 for State Senator. When the rebellion rose, he, with other Lieutenants, and B. M. Prentiss, Orderly Sergeant of the Quincy City Guards, offered the company to Governor Yates; two companies were at once raised, which were the first to be present, and mustered in at Springfield, and Captain Prentiss and Cap tain Tillson received the first commissions issued by Governor Yates. The 10th Regt, 111. Inf, to which these companies were QUINCY DIRECTORY. 703 attached, after the organization at Cairo, in April, 1861, elected Captain Tillson, success ively Major, Lieut. Colonel, and Coloneli and. the 10th 111. Regt. remained under his command, either as regimental or brigade commander, from the time it left Illinois, until the final muster-out, on July 4, 1865. Twice, during the earlier part of the war, General Tillson declined the offer of pro motion to the Colonelcy of another regiment, prefering to remain with the 10th Regt. to the close. His regiment participated in the movements against New Madrid, Island No. 10, Corinth, Mission Ridge, and in the Sherman battles toward Atlanta. On the fall of the last-named city, General Tillson commanded a brigade in the 17th Army Corps. He received the " star" as a Brig adier while on the march to the sea, and was mustered out of the volunteer service July 21, 1865 ; remained in the regular army as Captain (to which he had been appointed in 1861), and was Brevet Lieutenant Colonel in the regular army, on recruiting duty, until February, 1866, when he resigned. Not long afterward he took a partnership in the Quincy Whig, after which the presidency of the railroad being built from Quincy to Keokuk ; and in 1873, was elected a State Representative, to fill a vacancy, having the comfortable distinction of being the only Republican ever chosen to the House of Representatives (except under the minority system) ; resigned, to become United States Revenue Collector, in June, 1873. He was elected City Alderman, in 1867, for two years, and again in 1869 and 1871 ; was a member and President of the Board of Trustees of the Jacksonville In sane Asylum for several years. In 1851, General Tillson married Ann E, eldest daughter of Governor John Wood. They have three children ; two daughters and one son. General Tillson's tastes have been mainly literary— not political, or business. He has the largest miscellaneous private library in the city of Quincy, much of which existed before there was any " Gem City," and to that his interests are greatly directed. In " old-time matters" he is a reference, on authority, and a chronicler. TILLSON ROBERT, real estate dealer, corner of 4th and Maine streets ; res idence, 426 Jersey street ; born in Plymouth 45 county, Mass, in 1800; came to Montgom ery county, 1822 ; clerked for his brother in the land office there until 1827, when he went into mercantile business with Charles Holmes, in St. Louis. In 1828 they packed their goods, and shipped by a keel-boat, to this city, where he continued the mercantile business until 1840. He was appointed postmaster at Quincy, by President Jackson, which he held twelve consecutive years. In 1852 he sold out his mercantile business anc^ went into the real estate. In 1834 he married Miss Charlotte F. Topliff. She was born in Westfield, Mass, in 1811. Their children are: Emily, William H, Sarah, Edward, and Priscilla. They are members of the Presbyterian Church. Republican. Timmerwilke Joseph, plasterer, cor. 11th and Cedar. TORIAS FRANK, gunsmith, 609 Hampshire street; residence, same; bom in Bfungary in 1822 ; came to Quincy in 1852 ; married Miss Matilda Boettitche in 1833. She was born in Germany. They are mem bers of the Presbyterian Church. His father was a gun maker in Hungary, and he has been at the business since a boy. Tobin Mrs. E. B. widow, cor. 9th and Cherry. Todd Francis, Btone mason, cor. 7th and Chestnut. Tofall Anton, clerk, cor. 14th and Spring. Tommamichel Peter, cigar maker, 925 Maine. Towne M. D. yard master R. R. 10th, n of Sycamore. Tracy Mrs . Ann, cor. 8th and York. Trapp Anton, laborer, 202 N. 5th. Trapp John, tailor, 930 Maine. Travilla Mrs. M. widow, 501 Walnut alley. Travilla Wm. carpenter, 173 N. 5th. Travis Mrs. C. widow, 333 State. Treer Aaron, hides, etc. 53 S. 6tb. Tricketts John, carpenter, 396 N. 5th. Triester Mrs. Anna M. 202 N. 5th. Trimble Henry B. trav. salesman, 69 N. 12th. Tripp Thomas, grocer, 620 Broadway. Trott Alex, teamster, Lind, w of 20th. Trowbridge Charles H. (Bonnet, Duffy & Co.) 1028 Vermont. Trowbridge W. teamster, 426 York. Trower Chas. painter, 1205 Vermont. Troy Edward, laborer, 19 S. 10th. Troy James, laborer, 829 Jersey. Trulock Ed. blacksmith, rear 1257 Maine. Tubbesing Frank R architect, 88 S . 10th. Tucker Wm. laborer, 8th, n of Locust. Turner Hon. Edwin H. pres. Gem City Tobacco Works, 330 Jersey. Turner Mrs. Caroline, 1132 Vermont. Turner Otis A. real est. dealer, 711 Hampshire. TURNER R. K., Attorney at Law office, 425 Hampshire ; was born in Morgan county, 111, 1836 ; graduated in Illinois Col- 704 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. lege Jacksonville, 1857, with the highest honors of his class ; studied law in New Haven, Conn. ; was professor of a college in New Orleans in 1858-59, and admitted to the bar, Nov. 3, 1860 ; practiced law in Bloom- ington, 111, till fall of 1864 when he came to Quincy. He had a very large practice in real estate cases in United States Courts at Chicago and Springfield, and been an exten sive land owner in Illinois, Missouri, and other states ; now in active practice of law at Quincy. Turner Wm. carpenter, 4th n of Sycamore. Turner Joseph F. 206 n 8th. Tumey Wm. E. carpenter, 4th bet. Sycamore and Maple. Tusbaus J. H. grocer, 713 Hampshire . TushauB John H . laborer, Lind e of 12th. Twlehaus Andrew, laborer, cor. 8th and Hampshire. Twiehaus Henry, laborer, 633 Ohio. Tyrer Mrs. Caroline, widow, 90 S. 3d. Tyrer Louis, blacksmith, 7th S. of Washington. u Ubbing Mrs. Mary, cor. 11th and Hampshire. Uebner John, carpenter, cor. 12th and State. TJehlein Joseph, laborer, 1017 Jersey. TJhlenbrock Henry, laborer, 12th n of Jefferson. Uhlenbrock Joseph, shoemaker.'cor. 6th and Maiden Lane. , ULLMAN MICHAEL, grocery corner 5th and Locust; residence, same; born in Wisconsin near Milwaukee, July 1849 ; moved to Mankato, Blue Earth countyi Minn, in 1856, and to Quincy in 1868. He married Mary Schepers in September, 1870. She was born in Germany. They have one child, George M, living, and one deceased. They are members of the Catholic churc He is a Democrat, has been in business since 1871 ; he'clercked up to that time. He is an active, energetic business man, and is doing a lucrative business. Ullrich Ernst, vamisher, Ohio, e of 15th. Ulwenoski John, brick maker, Monroe e of 12th. Unkerbach John, brewer, 90 S. 10th. UNVERZAGT HENRY, bakery and confectionary, 502 York street; born in Nassau, Prussia, 1834; came to United States in 1857, and located in St. Louis, Mo ; en listed in Co. A, 1st Regt. Mo. Inf,' 1861, which was re-organized as 1st Mo. Light Ar tillery ; was wounded at Wilson's Creek, Mo. and sent to hospital ; soon recovered suffi ciently to join his regiment, with which he erved until 1863 when he was discharged through disability. He married Mrs. Eliza beth Gartman (maiden name Kruppe) 1866. She was born in Germany. They have three children: Hannah, George, and Theo dore. He is a Democrat. A member of the I. O. O. F. He has been in business for him self seven years ; came to Quincy in 1864. Uplander Andrew, wagon maker, 96 S. 7th. Upton James W. hotel and saloon, 45 N. Front. Urich Fred, milkman, 10. b n of Lind. V Vahle August, upholsterer, 909 Adams. Vahle Bernard, stone mason, 827 Jackson, VAHLE E. G., diy goods, groceries, queensware, flour and feed, merchant tailor, and saloon, corner 8th and Adams streets; was born near Herford, Regierungs-bezirk Preus-Minden, Europe, March 28, 1846 ; emi grated to America, landing at Baltimore, Md, 1862, coming direct to Quincy, 111; married Anna Maria Wollbrink, in Quincy, April 12, 1868. She was bom near Herford, Westphalia, Europe, June 14, 1851 ; came to America with her parents in 1852, coming direct to Quincy via New Orleans. Five children : Anna Frederika Louise, born Feb. 16, 1869 ; Johan Herman August, born Feb. 8, 1871; Anna F. S, born April 28, 1873; Oscar, born March 13, 1875, and Wilhelm Heinrich, born Sept. 19, 1877. He took a position as clerk and cutter in' F. W. Schaf- fer's store in 1872, where he remained three years and two months ; then bought house and lot on corner of Adams and 8th streets, on which at that time was located a small dwelling, which he had removed and built on it the present large store. Religion, Lu theran, Is a member of the Protestant Orphan and Benevolent Association, Marquette Lodge No. 36, I. O. O. F, Quincy Grove No. 21, U. A. O. D, and Humboldt Lodge No. 61, A. O. U. W. Vahle Henry, stone mason, Adams w of 10th. Vahle Herman, cooper, 616 Adams. Vahle Peter, laborer, 610 Adams. Vahle Wm. cabinet maker, 827 Jackson. Valent August, tailor, 4th s of Washington. Valkenberg John, gardner, 18th s of Maine. VANDENBOOM C. A., of the firm of Vandenboom & Blorner, pork packers, cor. of 10th and Broadway ; residence, 129 N. 10th ; ' born in Prussia, 1818; located in Cincinnati 1848, and in Quincy; 1851. He married Ger trude Lessing in 1848. She was born in QUINCY DIRECTORY. 705 Prussia: Their children are : Henry, Louisa, Joseph, Lizzie, August, and Paulina. Mrs. Vandenboom died in 1861. He married Elizabeth Ellers in 1862. Six children by this marriage : Mary, Bernard, Gertrude, William, Annie, and Katie. He was Aldejr- man ot this city for eight years. He has been in the pork packing business since 1 870, and was in the furniture manufactory eighteen years preceding. Vandenboom Henry, Vine near 22d. VANDENBOOM H. A., furniture manufacturer, corner 10th and Vermont streets ; residence, 1029 Spring street ; born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1848 ; located in Quincy, 1850 ; married Mary E. Geise, 1869. She was born in Altanburg, Germany, 1848. They have five children: Henry A, Ellie, Joseph H, Bernard H, and Henry F. Members of the Catholic Church. He is a Democrat. The house was established by his father in 1850. He manufactures chairs and bedsteads of a common and medium quality. Employs seventy men. VANDENBOOM J. H„ lumber merchant, 636 Vermont street, Quincy ; resi dence, 218 Broadway ; was born in this city in 1854. He married Miss Amelia Kaltz in 1876.- She was born in this city in 1852. They have one child, Arthur, born in 1877. They are members of the Catholic church. Mr. Vandenboom's father located in this city 1840, and was elected to the city council two terms. Mrs. Vandenboom's parents were among the very earliest settlers of this county, having located here when there were but a few families in the city. The firm of Moller & Vandenboom carry about two million feet of lumber, as well as a full assort ment of laths, shingles, pickets, etc. etc. VASEN GEORGE, general insur ance, real estate and loan agent, corner of 6th and Maine; residence, 523 Chestnut street ; born in Germany in 1833, and came to the United States in 1852 ; located in this city in 1866 ; married Miss Katie Eshner in 1856. She was born in Bohemia in 1830. Their children are Benjamin G, Aaron, Abraham M, David, Nathan, Jacob, Gustav, Sarah and Philip. Are members of Hebrew Church. He is a Democrat, and member of the Masons, O. F, A. O. U. W., I. O. B. B. and I. O. R. M. He represents the following insurance companies: Buffalo; German of Buffalo, N. Y. ; Agricultural, of Watertown, N. Y. ; Fireman's Fund of New York ; Ger man, of Peoria, 111. ; Knickerbocker Casual ty of New York. He is a Notary Public. Vanderwall Mrs. Mary, 10th s of Cedar. Van Doom Geo. C. boob-keeper, 720 Spring. Van Doom James A. lumber merchant, cor. 2d and State. VAN DOORN MRS. J. K., retired ; residence, 152 North 8th street; born in Hartford county, Conn, in 1821 ; married John KVan Doom in 1841. He was born in Templeton, Mass, in 1814 ; died in 1875, in leaving three children : George C, Helen M. (now Mrs. Morgan), and Anna G. (now Mrs. F. H. Long). They are members of the Congregational Church. Mr. Van Doom has been in the lumber business since 1852 in Quincy. During the war, when refugees were pouring into Illinois from Missouri, he was appointed United States Commis sary to distribute provisions to the destitute people , which position he filled with credit to himself, and satisfaction of all concerned. He was loved and respected by all who knew him. His son, George C, teller, was in the First National Bank of Quincy six years, and was appointed United States Pension Agent at Quincy, which position he held foi several years. Van Fleet James, blacksmith, 1036 Hampshire. Van Frank C. D. fish, oysters, etc, 6th n of Spring. Vanholt Gerhard, plasterer, 334 N. 10th. Vanholt Wm. laborer, 906 State. Vasen George, insurance agent, 523 Chestnut. Veach Edward, nurseryman, Hampshire e of 25th. Vennier John, laborer, 330 N. 10th. Venns Wm. laborer, 1010 Oak. Venvertlohe Henry, carpenter, 704 Adams. Venvertloh Bernard, contractor and builder, 913 Oak. Viehmeyer Louis, cigar maker, 882 Payson ave. Voeth Robert, book-keeper, 225 State. Vogel Fred, laborer, 821 Madison. Voges Clemens, laborer, Lind w of 11th. VOLK CORNELIUS G., sculptor, architect and designer; born in Sussex county, N. J, in 1822 ; studied in Boston and Philadelphia; came west in 1848, and located in this city; married Martha L. Barlow in 1845. She was bom in Bethany, Geneseo county, N. Y, in 1828. Two sons : Byron H. and Cornelius G. Mr. Volk is the designer of a beautiful monument of ,l Lincoln," and one of "Lovejoy;" neither of which were adopted, owing to their ex pensive construction. His marble bust of 706 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. " Sweet Sixteen," purchased by General Brayman, is a gem of beauty unequaled in fine arts. He has in his studio a life size mold in clay, of ex-Governor John Wood. Volm Philip, cabinet maker, 26 S. 10th. Von Bossum Frank, laborer, 1112 Oak. Von Derhar Geo. brick layer, 110 S. 10th. Von Wiedenbaner, Mrs. Louisa, 1015 Jersey. Voots Joseph, cooper, 1004 Vine. VORNDAM CASPER H., groceries and saloon, corner of 7th and Adams. He was born in Lippenhausen, Europe, Sept. 15, 1844, and emigrated to America in 1852, coming to Quincy same year. Mr. Vorndam worked at the car penter trade sixteen years, and has been in the grocery trade since May, 1878; married Miss Anna Wolfmeier, Dec. 23, 1867. She was born in Golnbeck, Europe, Dec. 17, 1850. They have three children: Anna, 7 years ; Ida 3 years and 6 months, and Frank 2 months old. Religion, Luth eran. Served in the Police Department of Quincy, under the administration of L. D. White, Mayor (1877) one year. Real and personal property valued at $2,000. Vorndam C. H. carpenter, 527 Adams. Vorndam C. H. molder, 706 MadisoD. Vorndam C. H. tobacconist, 522 Jackson. Yorndam John H, stone mason, 807 Adams. Vorndam Mrs. Louisa, 804 Adams. Vorndam Wm. laborer, 535 Adams. Vosomer Fred. W, carpenter, Jefferson bet. 5th and 6th. w Waack John, laborer, 15th, n of Payson ave. Wacheuheimer Adam,, butcher, 1014 Hampshire. Wachinheim Ambrose, stonemason, rear 1029 Maine. Wachtel Jacob, blacksmith, cor. 12th and Pay- son ave. Wade Joseph, laborer, 115 Vermont. Wagner August, groceries, etc, 1233 Hampshire. Wagner, Mrs. Caroline, widow, 807 State. Walbring Caspar, laborer, 829 Jefferson. Walbring Henry, nurseryman, cor, 24th and Lind. Walbring Wm. brick layer, Spring w of 22d. Walby Mrs. Honora, widow, 1027 Jersey. WALDHAITS GEORGE F., groceries and saloon, corner 6th and Wash ington streets. He was born May 23, 1819, in Hesse-Darmstadt, Europe; emigrated to America in 1837, landing at New Orleans,, La. ; came to Quincy in July, 1838 ; married Miss Mary Gasser, at Quincy, in 1840. She was born in Baden, Europe, in 1824. Seven children, named respectively: Henry W. Mary B, Katie, George F, Wilhelmina, Ed- ward and Emma. Religion, Lutheran. Poli tics, Democrat. Was City Marshal of Quincy in 1854 and '55, City Collector in '56 and '57, City Treasurer in '58 and '59, Mayor one year,- from '65 to '66 ; Supervisor of the 3d Ward five years in succession, from '74 until '79. Cooper by profession, which he fol lowed from 1840 to 1860. Waldbaus H. W. clerk, 534 Washington Waldhaus John, machinist, 712 Kentucky. Waldin Mrs. widow, 200 N. 6th. Waldin Eeinhold, jeweler, 634 Broadway. Waldo Chas. A. dairy, cor. 10th and Sycamore. Walford Henry, laborer, cor. 10th and Cedar. Walker C. A. physician, bds. 206 Kentucky. Walker Mrs. Harriet, widow, Lind e of 9th. Walker James E. farmer, 334 State. Walker Mrs. Louisa, Maine e of 8th. Wall Mrs. Mary, widow, 929 Jersey. Wallace Mrs. J. E. cor. 18th and Maine. Waller Ed. R. grain buyer, 1031 Vermont. Wallstadt Chas. boots and shoes, 813 Ohio. Walsh Thomas P. clerk, 176 N. 3d. Walters Jacob C. seeds and fruits, 209 N. 4th. Walther Thekla, widow, 934 Payson ave. Walton H. P. groceries, 51 S. 3d. Walz Mrs. Helen, widow, 833 M^ine. Walz Martin, blacksmith, Payson ave. w of 12th. Walzer Mrs. Catharine, 932 Maine. Wamker Miss Louisa, 401 Washington. Waud Christian, dry goods, 718 Maine. WAND WILLIAM, retired; resi dence corner 18th and Oak streets ; was horn in Prussia, Aug. 2, 1820 ; received his early education in the schools of his native coun try; in 1846 emigrated to the United States, and settled in Marion county, Mo, where he lived about three years ; then went to Cali fornia on a gold-hunting expedition, and moderately succeeded. After being . gone one and a half years returned home, and in 1852 settled in Melrose township, on section 34, where his son John now lives. In Octo ber, 1847, he married Miss Margaretta Beck man. She was born in Germany, and came to this country in 1846. They have six chil dren, four sons and two daughters : Henry W, Collector of Melrose township ; Chris tian, a merchant on Maine street; John, Enoch, Mary and Margaretta. He owns 414 acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, well improved, and with abundance of fruit, and very valuable. Dem ocratic in politics, and member of the Roman Catholic church. Has been Commissioner of Highways for five years. In fall of 1878 QUINCY DIRECTORY. 707 he built an elegant residence in Quincy, and retired from active life, previous to which time he has been numbered among the largest well-to-do farmers of the cqunty, not withstanding he began life poor. Wansing Geo. laborer, 1004 Oak. Warning John H. laborer, 190 N. 10th. Ward Benj. F. laborer, cor. 3d and Maple. Wafd Geo. plasterer, 1107 Vine. Ward Mrs. Jennie, nurse, 24 N. 9th. Ward Louis, 257 N. 5th. Ward Robert D. tobacconist, cor . 4th and State. Warfleld A. Elm w of 24th. Warfield W. R. salesman, 251 N. 4th. Warfleld Wm. S. whol. grocer, 411 Elm. Warmker Miss Carrie, dressmaker, cor. 4th and Washington. Warmker Charles, stone mason, cor. Washington and 5th. Warner A. M. photographer, 630 Broadway. Warner Mrs. Fannie, Chestnut w of 10th. Warren Calvin A. attorney at law, 612 Vermont. WARREN & GILMER, Attor neys at Law, office southeast corner 5th and Hampshire streets. Mr. Warren was born in Essex county, N. Y, June 3, 1807 ; studied law in Hamilton county, Ohio, and grad uated in the Transylvania University, Lex ington, Ky, in -1834. He located in this county in 1836, and commenced the practice of law. He was Prosecuting Attorney six teen years, and has been United States Com missioner since 1863; was in the firm of Ralston, Warren & Wheat, also Warren & Skinner, also Warren & Edmonds, and War ren & Wheat, and in 1873 formed a co-part nership as Warren & Gilmer. Mr. Gilmer was born in this county in 1844 ; studied law and graduated in Transyl vania University, Lexington, Ky, in 1868, and commenced the practice of law in 1870. He is a Notary Public. Washburn C. C. painter, cor. 8th and Lind. Washington Geo. porter, 125 Hampshire. Washington Mrs. Margaret, 208 Maine. Water Terrence, laborer, Elm e of 3d. Watkins J. H. groceries, 185 S. 3d. Wavering Mr-. Elizabeth, 1236 Hampshire. Wavering John H. alderman 6th ward, cor. Vine and 22d. Wayne Jacob S. 29 N. 5th. Wear David C. 71 N. 3d. Weaver Michael, engineer, Vine bet. 2d and 3d. Web i) George, farmer, Lind e of 9th. Weber Frank, painter, 1003 Spring. Weber Mrs. Agatha, widow, 819 Maine. Weber Christ, sergt. police, State e of 6th. Weber Fred, laborer, 5th n of Washington. Weber Fred, wood dealer, 1008 Ohio. Weber Mrs. John, millinery, 628 Maine. Weber Mrs. Lonisa, cor. 5th and Harrison. Weber Otto, carpenter, 612 Cedar. Weber Peter, musician, 1106 Hampshire. Weber Theo. 819 Maine. WERER WENDELIN(deceased) ; residence of widow, 819 Maine street. He was born in Hesse-Darmstadt in 1821 ; came to the United States in 1850, and located in Quincy; married Miss Agatha Peters in 1855. She was born in Baden, town of Re gal, in 1828, and came to the United States with her parents when only 5 years old. Mr. Weber died March 12, 1873, leaving one son, Theodore, born in 1856. He was a stone mason by trade, and followed contracting on railroads and buildings in and around Quin cy. Was a Catholic. So also is Mrs. Weber. He was an Alderman of the city for several years, and very popular and much beloved by all who knew him. Was a member of several benevolent societies. Webster J. K. 418 York. Wecbter Peter, laborer, cor. 12th and Monroe. Wechter Wm. works in foundry, 536 Monroe. Wedemeier Chas. brewer, 623 State. Weeks Fred S . clerk, cor. 4th and Maine. Weems Milton K. clerk, 614 Jersey. Wegel Bernard, plumber, 1006 State. Wehbrock Anton, farmer, 12th u of Spruce. Wehkamp Bernard, carpenter, 10th n of Cherry. Wehkamp Wm. carpenter, 1116 Vine. Wehmboener Fred, tobacconist, 519 Adams. Wehmhoener John, 509 Adams. Wehmhoetier Wm. laborer, 619 Adams. Wehrman Herman, teamster, Ohio w of 11th. Webrman Peter, teamster, Jefferson e of 8th. Wehrman Wm. 830 Washington. Weibring Joseph, uakbet. 18th and 20th. Weibring Wm. teamster, Oak e of 18th . Weideman H. H. 4th s of Washington. Weldling Mrs. Christina, 500 York. Weidner Louis, laborer, 12th n of Harrison. WEILER JOHN (of the firm of Koenig & Miller), carriage manufacturers, corner 6th and Kentucky streets ; residence, 102 South 6th street. He was born in Ham ilton county, Ohio, in 1845, and located in this city in 1864. He married Miss Mary Spies in 1873. She was born in Quincy in 1852. They have two children, John and Lillia. Independent in politics. They manufacture all kinds of buggies, carriages and spring wagons. Weigel Wm. H. carriage trimmer, 1006 State. Weiseman Christian, tailor, 905 Kentucky. Weisenborn C. teamster, 13th and Kentucky. Weisenburger Adam, barber, Adams e of 6th. Weisenburger B. wagon maker, 253 S. 6th. Weisenburger Chas. laborer, 617 Jefferson. 708 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Weisenburger Daniel, labor* r, 328 State. Weisenburger George, laborer, 646 Adams. Weisenburger Jacob, laborer, cor. 6th and Van Buren. Weisenhorn Frank, 188 S. 7th. Weiss John M. groceries, 621 Washington. Weiss Joseph, contractor and builder, 7th e of Ken tucky. Welhoener John, teamster, 9th n of Elm. Wellenreiter Louis, wood worker, 630 State. Weilman Frank B. painter, 1102 Hampshire. Weilman Fred, Chestnut w of 22d. Weilman John, painter, cor. 22d and Chestnut. Weilman John, Chestnut w of 22d. Wells Albert W. attorney-at-law, cor. 5th and Chestnut. WELLS MRS. ANNA, widow; retired; residence, 1121 Vine street. She was born in Berkshire county, Miss , Sept. 26, 1802; moved to Bradford county, Pa, with her parents in 1807; thence to St. Clair county, 111, in 1818. She was married to Levi Wells in 1821. He was born in Wethersfield, Conn, Sept. 4, 1793, and died in Quincy, July 11, 1857. They came to Quincy in 1824 ; then there were no houses where Quincy now is; but one log cabin near where the Tellico Mills are, which was occupied by John Wood, and one by Mr. Keyes, father of C. W Keyes ; this was on the quarter section on which the court-house was afterward located, and in it was held the first meeting of the first County Commis sioners — Levi Wells, Williard Keyes, and Wm. Journey. Mr. Wells went on his farm for a short time, and then moved to Galena, Joe Daviess county, in 1828, but returned in 1829. He then went into the mercantile business, having erected a frame store and dwelling on the corner of 5th and Maine streets, where Bull's bank now stands ; there he kept one of the first dry goods and gro cery stores ever kept in Quincy, exclusively on the finance principle. They had ten children, eight of whom are dead. Caroline (now Mrs. Benneson) and Ann E. (now the widow of the late P. C. Keller) are living. They are members of the Presbyterian Church. Mrs. Wells was a member of the first regularly organized church in Quincy, which is now the First Union Congregation al. Mrs. Wells possesses an excellent mem ory. Wells Mrs. cor. 28th and Hampshire. Wells Frank, merchant. 421 Jersey. Welper Bernard, nurseryman, Elm e of 9th. Welsh Mrs. Margaret, 833 Jersey. Welsh Wm. P. laborer, 260 N. 6th. Weltin Mrs. Johanna, 1027 Hampshire. Weltin John E salesman, 1240 Vermont. Weltin Mathias, 108 S. 8th. Weltin Michael, 15 S. 11th. Weltin Theodore, 1027 Maine. Wemhoener J. F. laborer, 619 Adams. Wemhoener Wm. Kentucky e of 9th. Wennier John, teamster, 330 N. 10th. Wenslng Wm. laborer, Oak e of 20th, Wenzel Alex, carpenter, 829 Ohio. Wenzel Miss Amelia, Kentucky e of 18th. Wenzel John, laborer, Kentucky e of 18th. WENZEL J. P. (of J. P. W. & Co.), manufacturers of farm and spring wagons, 906 Maine street; residence, 63 North 12th street. He was born in Melrose township, Adams county, Oct. 7, 1839, and located in Quincy in 1858. He married Caroline W. Heilmann in 1863. She was born in Quincy. They have one child, Lydia A. Mrs. Wen zel died in 1867. He married Anne M. Pil- ger in 1869. She was born in Burlington, Iowa. They have four children: Amelia M, Laura M, John E. and Henry Albert. Are Methodists. He is Republican. Has been in business for himself fourteen years — horse-shoeing and general repairing. Wenzing Henry, carpenter, 15 S. 9th. WERMKER CHARLES, stone mason; residence, 401 Washington street; born in Prussia, in 1817; came to the United States, in 1847; located in St. Louis; came to Quincy in 1851; married Miss Kate Weisbrod, in 1852. She was born in Germany. Their children are: Mary, Caroline, Winnie, Kate, Louisa, Henry, Frank, and Willie. Are members of the Presbyterian church. Republican. He is an industrious, honest man, a skillful and reliable mechanic, and a liberal supporter of worthy local enterprises. Wermker Charles, sand dealer, cor. 11th and Ohio, Wermker Frank, laborer, cor. 7th and Madison. Werner Mrs. Barbara, Vine e of 18th. Werner George J. tinner, 16th n of Kentucky. Werner Mrs. Sophia, widow, 525 Jersey. Werneth Pantaleon, butcher, cor. 8th and Jersey. Werneth Simon, butcher, cor. 5th and Vine. Weecott Fred, farmer, 1001 Vermont. Weskens Henry, cooper, cor. 7th and Jackson. Weasel Christ, laborer, Jefferson w of 11th. WESSELS JOHN, confectioner and cracker manufacturer, 525 Hampshire street; residence, corner of 15th and State streets; born in Hanover, Germany, in 1840; came to the United States, in 1854, and lo cated in this county ; worked on a farm un- QUINCY DIRECTORY. 709 til 1861. He enlisted in the 3d Missouri Cav, Co. C. November, 1861; was wounded in a skirmish in Boone county, Mo, same year ; mustered out in St. Louis, in 1865 ; located in Clayton, in this county until 1866; moved to Quincy and took a course at the Commercial College; kept books in the soap factory for eleven months ; traveled for the same house awhile ; went into the insurance business afterward ; kept books for Warfield awhile; J traveled for Meyer & Kespohl seven years, and com menced his present business in 1875. Mar ried Miss Anna P. Herlemann, in 1876. Have one child, Ida Josie. Are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He has been Superintendent of the Seavey Mission Sunday-school since 1867 ; also, ot the Salem Sunday-school. Mrs. Katherine Herleman, mother of Mrs. Wessels, cooked in the old log-house that stood where the Quincy House now is. Wessells Jobn, Sr., 1626 York. Westenfeld Fred, laborer, 833 Jackson. WesterbeckFred. carpenter, 1012 Payson ave. Westergreen Chas. laborer, cor. Spring and Olive. Westermann F. W. groceries, etc, cor. 8lh and Jef ferson. Westermann Fred, chair-maker, 8th n of Madison. Westermann L. laborer, cor. 22d and Spring. Wette Fred, brick maker, cor. 16th and Jefferson. Wewers August, laborer, 142 S. 5th. Wewers Bernard, 114 S. 7th. Wewers Bernard, paver, 638 Kentucky. Wewers Geo. book-keeper, 829 State. Wewers Joseph, 1128 Jer ey. Wewers Matthias, clerk, 154 N. 3d. Wewers Theo. paver, 112 S. 7th. Wewers Wm. 637 Kentucky. WeyerMrs. Mary, 824 Hampshire. WhalenMre. Bridget, 28 S. 9th. Whalen Mrs. Mary, widow, Oak wof 3d. Whalen Michael, laborer, cor. 8th and York. Wheat Alex. E. attorney at law, 825 Vermont. Wheat Almeron, attorney at law, 99 N. 8th. Wheeler Miss Abbie I, Joliet, III. Wheeler Mrs. Catharine, widow, 14 N. 4th. Wheeler Chas. F. clerk, 614 Hampshire. WLeeler Henry, baker, Cherry e of 8th. Wheeler John, 413 Vermont. Wheeler John M. blacksmith, 157 N. 5th. Wheeler Joseph B. baker, 614 Hampshire. Wheeler J. H. notions, etc, bds. at Quincy House. Wheeler Mrs. , widow, 720 Kentucky. W HI THREAD JOHN, meat market, corner of 11th street and Broad way ; residence, 1023 Spring street ; born in the City of London, England, in 1830; came to the United States, with his parents, and stopped in Mendon, his father having returned to England for his mother. He came to Quincy, and soon after moved to Madison county, 111, in 1849, and in 1852 returned to Quincy. He married Elizabeth Bywater, in 1853. She was born in Wales, in 1834. They have three children : Ellen F. (now Mrs. Parker), George, and Susan Ellen (now Mrs. Francis). They are Epis copalians. He is a Republican; was Al derman two years. He has a slaughter house in connection with his business, andv kills his own beeves. He has a large and paying business established. Whitcomb Mrs. Helen, 608 Broadway. WHITE HON. L. D„ wholesale and retail tinners' stock and stoves, 633 Hampshire street ; residence, same ; born in Scotland (Peasley) in 1828; came to the United States, and located in Quincy, in 1851. He married Miss Maria Atkinson in 1851. She was born in England in 1829. They have two children : Katie and Frank. Are members of the Presbyterian church. Democrat, Mason, and Knight Templar. He was Alderman, in 1875-76, and Mayor of Quincy, in 1877-78. He carries a full stock of goods in his line. His is the largest establishment of the kind west of Chicago.. WHITE THOMAS, foundry, stoves and hollow ware, corner of 5th and York streets; residence, 18th street and Broadway ; born in Scotland, in 1825 ; came to this country in 1851, and went to work as pattern maker for Allen Comstock, where he worked for twelve years. He started his present busmess in 1862; married Miss Mary Bowman in 1849. She was born in Scotland in 1828. They have six children : Marion W, Esther W, Mary B, Robert B, Thomas, and Laura J. Are members of the First Union Congregational Church. Republican. Capacity of foundry about 10,000 stoves a year. Whitehead Lazarus, clothier, 149 N. 4th. Whitman C. H. farmer, Vermont e of 16th. Whitmore Fred. M. clerk, 1621 Maine. Whitmore Henry, Maine e of 16th. Whitney A. H. organ manf. 819 Spring. Whitney John C. flagman, 154 N. 3d. Whyers Wm. 216 tate. Wich John, Chestnut e of 6th. WICHMANN ANTON, saloon, Maine street between 5th and 6th ; residence 710 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. same; was born in Germany, 1823; came to United States in 1866 and located in Quincy ; married Anna Menning in 1845. They have five children: Annie, Anton, Christina, Kate and Louisa. They are members of the Catho lic church and a Democrat. He has been in business since 1866, and keeps a quiet and very select place of public resort at the above location. WIDMAIER R., saloon, 302 Hamp shire street, residence same ; born in Ger many, 1843 ; came to N. Y. state 1861 ; went to Philadelphia in 1862, and to this city 1864; married Charlotte Young, 1870. She was born in Germany, 1849. Have three children : Henry, John and Agnes. Are Catholics. Independent in politics. He has built up a good business by attention to it, and is one of the representative men in his line. Wiebrack Fred, Monroe e of 5th. Wieffand Herman, dye works, 1016 Maine. Wiehmer Joseph, laborer, 7th s of Cedar. Wiesermau Henry, laborer, 708 Adams. Wieters Mrs. Anna, widow,. 810 State. Wiggins James, shoemaker, cor. 25th and Hamp shire. WILCOX CHESTER A., pro prietor of the Quincy Whig, Hampshire street. WILCOX DAVID, was nearly 58 years of age at the time of his death. He was born in Providence, R. I, in September, 1820, and in 1854 he removed from Cortland county, N. Y, to the city of Janesville, Wis. He soon thereafter became one of the pro prietors of the Janesville Daily Gazette, and in 1870 he removed to Milwaukee, where he became one of the stockholders of the]ifi7- waukee Sentinel, and its business manager. Disposing of his interest in the Sentinel in 1872, he removed to Quincy in January, 1874, having purchased the Quincy Whig, of which paper he was proprietor at the time of his death, May 19, 1878, having been engaged in the publishing business almost continuously for a period of about twenty years. From early manhood until a short time before his death, Mr. Wilcox had been con stantly employed in active business pursuits. He was a man of thorough business qualifi cations, and was possessed of unusual en ergy and executive force. He never sought public position, but nevertheless always man. ifested an active interest in all public affairs, both general and local. In manner he was genial, yet frank and outspoken, leaving no one in doubt as to his views upon any subject whatsoever. He was a man of the strictest integrity in all his dealings, and he was actuated by none but the most honorable motives in all his relations with men. He possessed a gener ous and sympathetic nature, and was a man of warm personal attachments, and of un swerving fidelity to his friends. Wilde Henry, teamster, 636 Madison. Wiley Benjamin, foreman, bds at Quincy House. Wilgenbus Bernard, carpenter, 1038 Adams. Wilhelm A. B.. saddler, 130 N. 5th. Wilhelm Frank, miller, Jefferson, e of 7th. Wilke Herman, laborer, cor. 9th and Madison WILKES T. A., florist, corner ot 24th and Vermont ; born in Leicestershire, England, in 1839 ; came to United States in 1848; married Miss Hannah McMinn in 1857. She Was born in Ohio in 1840. Have five children : William, Ellen, Emma, Lillie, and Thomas Edgar. He has been in the nursery and greenhouse business since he came to Quincy, part of the time as manager for Sommer & Co. He has been in his pres ent location, on his own account, since 1875. He is a thorough, practical florist, familiar with the most intricate and delicate parts of his business. Wilkes Wm. A, farmer, cor. 24th and Vermont. Wil.enbrock Henry, laborer. 636 Adams. WILLIAMS REN.TAMIN F., carriage and house painter, northwest cor ner of 5th and Locust streets ; was born in Calloway county, Mo, Sept. 5, 1834, and came to Mason county, 111, in 1843, and to Fulton county in 1850, and to Adams county in 1859; enlisted in 1861 for three years, under Capt. Ralston, Co.A, 16th Regt.Hl. Inf. ; married Feb. 14, 1864, to Louisa Miller. The fruit of this marriage is two children : Charles W, born Oct. 18, 1871; Ben. F., born July 25, 1876. Owns a house and lot in Quincy, worth $2,000. Williams C. F. salesman, cor. 6th and Lind. Williams C. H. teamster, 1134 Broadway. Williams David, 626 Maine. Williams David G. wrapping paper, etc,x27 State. Williams Jacob, miller, 94 S. 6th. Williams James, porter, Elm e of Olive. QUINCY DIRECTORY. 711 WILLIAMS JOHN, foundry and machine shop, Nos. 49 and 51 Front street residence, Jersey, between 6th and 7th Sts. was born in Derry county, Ireland, in 1829 came to this country in 1838, and located with his parents in St. Louis, Mo. He married Miss Eliza Redmond in 1872. She was born in this city in 1850. They have two children : John J. and Mary G. Mem bers of the Catholic church. Is a Democrat. He located in this city in 1855, and estab lished a copper and sheet iron works ; after ward started a boiler-making shop. In 1862 he established his present works. He is a member of the Board of Supervisors. In 1850 he went to New Orleans ; in Janu ary, 1851, went to Panama on the Corps of Engineers, Panama R. R. ; took sick and went to San Francisco, and returned in 1855. Williams John H. atty. at law, cor. 6th and Spruce. Williams Mrs. Martha, 10th 8 of Chestnut. Williams Thos. H. engineer, 647 Payson ave. Williamson Geo. salesman, 528 York. WILLIAMSON L. C, brass foun der and model maker, northeast corner of 3d and Maine streets ; was born in Cincin nati, Ohio, Aug. 8, 1840 ; came to Quincy, Jan. 21, 1869, and engaged in the above business ; married Miss Annie Mueller, Oct. 4, 1869. She was bom in Norden, Germany. Have two children : Anna Telletta, and Les lie C. He does all kinds of brass casting, mbdel making, and machine repairing, on short notice and at low rates. WILLIAMSON H, A., commission and oil merchant, 121 Hampshire street; residence, 933 Hampshire street; born in Armstrong county, Pa, in 1828 ; located in Quincy in the spring of 1859, and went into business in 1860 ; married Eliza M. Robin son in 1858. She was born in Pennsylvania. They have three children : Helen M, Charles H, and Walter E. Are members of the Episcopal church. Republican. He is a wholesale dealer in oils, salt, cement, lime, etc. He was one of the organizers, and the first President of the Quincy Building and Homestead Association, established in 1874. Willing Mrs. Anna, widow. 68 S. 8th. Willis Geo. saloon, cor. Front and Spring. Willis Lafayette, broom manf. 34 N. 14th. Willis W- L. trav. salesman, 1217 Vermont. Wilper Gerhard, carpenter, Cherry w of 10th. Wilpers Herman, cooper, 510 Walnut alley. Wilson Mrs. Adeline. 1107 Vine. Wilson J. T. physician, 147 N. 7th. WILSON JAMES, proprietor Wilson's European Hotel, 4th street, between Hampshire and Vermont; was born in County Donegal, Ireland, 1812. He served as valet to a nobleman for several years, and came to the United States, 1840. He married Emma McDonald in 1850. She was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1801. She married a Mr. Hutchins in" 1817, in the city of London. He was a lawyer by profession. He died in 1832, leaving seven children, whom she also lost by the cholera, in Montreal, Canada, the same year. They opened the Wilson House, on the European plan, in 1869, which is con. ducted as a first-class house on that plan, equal to any west of Chicago or in that city. . Prices reasonable. He is a Democrat. "Wilson Mrs. Jane, widow, Vine, e of 4th. Wilson Mrs. Sarah, E. cor. 5th and State. Wilson Thomas, boarding house, 606 Maine. Winans Mrs. Johanna, 403 Vermont. Winchester Mrs. C. P. 61 S. 6th. Windau Henry, laborer, 832 Payson ave. Wingert Geo. machiniBt, 192 N. 8th. Winget J. P. groceries, etc, Hampshire, e of 20th. Winget W. C. carpenter, Hampshire, w of 20th. Winkeljohann Aug. grocer, etc, cor. 12th and Vine. Winkelman Frank, carpenter, 903 Kentucky. Winkelmau Mrs. Wm. cor. 9th aud Kentucky. Winking Bernard, cooper, 1103 Oak. Winking Mrs. C. 1034 Hampshire. Winking Henry B. laborer, 10th, s of Cedar. Winking John, groceries, etc., cor. 11th and Vine. WINTER CAPT. JOHN E., Milwaukee saloon, No. 27 North 6th street ; born in Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, Nov. 19. 1836; came to the United States, June 1, 1852, and loc*ated in New York; went to St. Louis, Mo, 1853. He followed steamboating on the Mississippi river and tributaries, as clerk, pilot and captain, until the breaking out of the rebellion, 1861. His boat was stopped at Memphis, April, 1861, and the crew and officers taken up to swear alle giance to the Confederate flag. Captain Winter happened to be asleep in his room, after his watch, and was overlooked, until the return of the vigilance committee, when they ordered him to get up and take the oath to sustain the Rebel flag. He told them he knew no flag but the Stars and Stripes, and with a revolver in his hand, he drove the committee off his boat. They then went for reinforcements, and did bring a whole company of armed soldiers, to bring him up dead or alive. There was another boat going up the river, and, at the earnest re- 712 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. quest of the captain, he went aboard, and was landed at a point fifteen miles up, on the opposite side of the river from Memphis. He was guided by a colored man to Bird's Point, opposite Cairo, and from there he went to St. Louis, to find General Frank P. Blair and several Union men barricaded in Turner Hall, whom he immediately joined, and enrolled in the first Union military com pany organized in St. Louis, Co. A, 1st Mo. Inf. (Colonel, F. P. Blair). He was present at the capture of Camp Jackson, St. Louis, battles of Booneville, Mo , Duck Springs and Wilson's Creek, where his regiment lost 130 killed and 410 wounded, himself included, receiving nine buckshot in his body. He came back to St. Louis with his regiment, which was re-organized as the 1st Mo. Light Artillery. He was transferred to the navy, with the rank of First Master and Pilot ; was present at the organization of the Mississippi Squad ron, at Cairo, and took command of the propeller Laural; was at the battles of Ft. Henry, and towed the gun-boat Essex out of range of rebel guns, after she was disabled, and towed her to Mound City; was at the reconnoissance of Columbus, Ky, 1861-62; also at the siege of Island No. 10 and Ft. Pillow. His propeller caught fire there and rendered unserviceable; after refitting her, he took part in the naval fight at Memphis, where they captured three rebel gun-boats and destroyed four. He went with the fleet to Helena, Ark, then up White river, where the United States steamer Mound City, Captain Ketty, was exploded by a rebel shot and the Captain wounded. He went with Captain Welke's expedition to Yazoo river, 1862, and remained there until the fall of Vicksburg ; was at the capture of Arkansas Post; was soon after transferred to the gun boat Tyler, in which he was engaged in a continuous gurerilla warfare with bush. whackers, keeping communications open. He was mustered out at Mound City, 1865 ; returned to St. Louis and assumed his old avocation of steamboating. He married Liz- zetta Thomas in Quincy, Feb. 22, 1866, and located in Quincy, 1873 ; was first clerk at the Tremont House one and one-half years ; has Tieen in business since 1875. His chil dren are : Jennette,Willie, Albert and Edith. He is a Republican. Winter Wm. stone quarry, 805 Ohio. Winters James W. painter. Oak, e ef 22d. Winters S. molder, cor lltb and Washington. Wirmer Bernard, tinner, Chestnut bet. 6th and 7th. Wirth Gottlieb, stone cutter, 728 State., Wise Christ, salesman, cor. 14th and State. Wisner Ira S. family medicines, 22 N. 3d . Wissing Theodore. ci.oper, 626 Walnut alley. Wissing William, porter, 525 Kentucky. WISSMANN GUST, livery and sale stable, 1039 Main street; residence same ; born in Prussia in 1849 ; came to the United States in 1854, and located in Quincy with his mother. He first opened a feed store ; in 1875 he went into the livery busi ness, and in '76 opened a saloon in connec tion with his other business, corner of 11th and Maine streets. Deals in horses and live stock generally. He is an active, energetic, enterprising business man. Wissman Eeinnold, blacksmith, 1242 Hampshire. Wlttland Casper, laborer, 809 Madison. Wittland Fred, cooper, 1001 Adams. Wittland H. H. engineer, 1008 Payson ave. Wittland Wm. grave-digger, 508 Monroe. Wittier Henry, laborer, cor. 10th and Ohio. Wolcott George, civil engineer, cor. 24th and Hamp shire. WOLF FRED, meat markets, 627 Hampshire street, and York and 7th streets; residence 8th street, between Maine and Hampshire; born in Germany in 1851; came to the United States in 1871, and located in Quincy, where he went into business, and has two prosperous markets located as above. He is a Democrat. He is Secretary of the Butchers' Society, and a member of several societies and sodalities, including St. Jo seph's Young Men's Benevolent Society, and St. Nicholas' Benevolent Association. He is a young man of good business capacity. Wolf Philip, barber, 1111 Vermont. Wolf Mrs. Ricka, widow, Jefferson e^of 9th. Wolfe Jacob, laborer, 32 N. 14th. Wolfmeier Hattie, domestic, 411 Elm. Wolleber Mrs. Lucinda, 5th s of Oiio. WOLLET.T FRED, grocery, northeast corner 10th and Chestnut streets ;. residence same; born in Prussia in 1832; came to the United States in 1846, and lo cated at Galveston, Texas ; and in Quincy in 1851; married Mary A. Pollay in 1855. Their two children were: Francisco and Sarah. She died in 1860. He married Mary Battan .in 1861. John, Sophia and Mary were the fruits of this marriage. He was a member of the I. O. O. F, K. of P, Druids, and Haragari Societies. He is still a mem QUINCY DIRECTORY. 713 ber of the I. O. 0. F, and K. of P. Has been in business since 1862.. Waltermann Wm. chair maker, cor. 7th and Spring. WOLTMANN HENRY, grocer, northeast corner 10th and Oak streets; resi dence same; bom in Germany in 1816; came to the United States in 1848, and loca ted in St. Louis ; came to Quincy in 1854. He married Elizabeth Middendorf in 1850. She was born in Germany in 1828. Have seven children: Henry, John, Elizabeth, Bernadina, Herman, Caroline and Frank. Are members of the Catholic church. He was a shoemaker, and followed the business until 1868, when he went into the grocery business, and' has been in it ever since. WOOD JOHN, was born in Moravia, Cayuga county, N. Y, Dec. 20, 1798. He was the second child and only son of Dr. Daniel Wood and Catherine (Crouse) Wood. His mother died when he was but five years of age. His father, a Surgeon and Captain during the Revolutionary war, was a man of unusual attainments as a scholar and linguist. He died at the ripe age of ninety-two, and is buried in Woodland Cemetery at Quincy, — probably being the only Revolutionary Sol dier whose remains rest in Illinois soil. John Wood left his home for the West, Nov. 2, 1818, with the half-formed intention of settling in the Tennessee valley of Northern Alabama. He passed the following winter in Cincinnati, came to Shawneetown, Illinois, in the summer of 1819, and spent the suc ceeding winter in Calhoun (then part of, Madison) county. In March', 1820, in com pany with Willard Keyes, he located in Pike county, thirty miles southeast of Quincy, and "farmed it " for over two years. In 1821 he visited the present site of Quincy— then uninhabited — and pleased with its pros pects, soon after purchased a quarter section of' land near by, and in the following fall (1822) erected near the river a small cabin, 18 by 20 feet — the first building in Quincy— of which he then became the first and for some months the only occupant. In 1824 he gave a newspaper notice, as the law then prescribed, of his intention to apply to the General Assembly for the formation of a new county. This was done the following winter, resulting in the establishment ot the present Adams county. During the next summer Quincy was selected as the County Seat— it then containing but four adult male residents, and half that number of females. Since that period Mr. Wood has continuous ly resided in the home of his early adoption — where he has been necessarily and promi nently identified with every measure of its progress and history— and almost constantly kept in public positions. He was one of the early Town Trustees; has been often a member of the City Council ; many times elected Mayor ; in 1850 was elect ed to the State Senate ; in 1856 was chosen Lieutenant Governor, and on the death of Governor Bissell in 1859, succeeded to the Chief Executive chair ; was one of the five delegates from Illinois in Feb, 1861, to the Peace Convention at Washington; and on the breaking out of the Rebellion was ap pointed Quarter-Master General of the State, — which position he held throughout the war. In 1864 he took command, as Colonel, of the 137th Regt. 111. Inf, with which he served until the period of enlistment expired. Gov. Wood has been twice married ; first in January, 1826, to Miss Ann M. Streeter, daughter of Joshua Streeter, formerly of Salem, Washington Co, N. Y. They had eight children, four of whom are now living: Ann E, wife of John Tillson; Daniel C, married to Mary J. Abernethy; John Jr. married to Josephine Skinner, and Joshua S, married to Annie Bradley. Mrs. Wood died on the 8th of October, 1863, and in June, 1865, Gov. Wood married Mrs. Mary A. Holmes, widow of Rev. Joseph T. Holmes. Gov. Wood still lives, at the age of 78, on the site ol his old wilderness home— the pio neer settler of his city and county, and the only now living man who was resident when the city and county were formed. Politically he has always been actively identified with the Whig, and since its disbandment with the Republican party. Few men have, in personal experience, comprehended so many surprising and ad vancing local changes as vest in the more than half-century recollections of Governor Wood. Fifty-four years ago a solitary set tler, having no neighbor within a score of miles, the world of civilization away behind him, and the strolling Indian almost his only visitant, he has lived to see growing around him, and under his auspices and aid, over- 714 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. spreading the vanished wild grass and forest, a teeming city, second in size to but one in the State, and surpassed nowhere in beauty, prosperity, and promise ; whose people rec ognize, as with a single voice, the proverbial honor and liberality that attach to the name and lengthened life of their Pioneeb Settler— "The Old Governor." Womelsdorf Christ, cooper, 6th s of Maine. Womelsdurf Louis, miller, 5th s of Ohio. Wonning Ernst, carpenter, 916 Payson ave. Wood Geo. W. hats, caps, etc, 1477 Maine. Wood John, Jr., trav. salesman, 142 N. 6th. Wood John W. 146 N. 8th. Wood Joshua S. 329 Jersey. WOOD RODMAN R., grain and commission merchant, corner 12th and Broadway streets ; residence, 3d and Spring streets ; was born in Bucks county, Pa, in 1817 ; located in Quincy in 1848. He mar ried Elizabeth Lee in 1845. She was born in Wilmington, Del, May 11, 1829. Have seven children: William S, Leonora J, Julia A, Joshua, Eva, Viola, and Emma. Are Methodists. He has been in the grain and commission business since 1853, except a short time in the army, Co. F, 16th 111. Vol, in 1861, and remained until discharged for disability. He is a cooper by trade. Wood Samuel, salesman, 521 Washington. Wood Wm. W. 306 N. 6th. Woodhull John, engineer, 27 S. 8th. Woolms Mrs. Mary, widow, cor. 2d and Elm. Woodruff F. T. farmer, cor. 2d and Maine. Woodruff James, 823 Broadway. Woodruff Joseph M. cor. 6th and Locust. Woodruff L. M. minister, 96 N. 7th. Woodruff T. D. music store, 18 N. 4th. Woodruff Thos. T. Maine e of 14th. Woods Mrs. M. M. D, Spruce e of 6th. Woods Samuel, att'y at law, Chestnut e of 4th. Woodworth Nelson, laborer, cor. 22d and Vibe. Wooters, Edward R. carpenter, 1027 Vermont. Worth Christian, molder, 613 Monroe. Worth John C. salesman, 229 State. WortmarfFred. laborer, Monroe n of 14th. Wray Latte, brick mason, 1255 Hampshire. Wray Mrs. L. A. widow, Elm w of 10th. Wright James N. machinist, cor. 7th and Vine. Wright M. W. 95 N. 12th. Wright Mrs. Rachel, Oak w of 22d. Wulfmeyer H. stone mason, Jefferson w of 7th. Wulfmeyer Herman, laborer, 527 Adams. Wulfmeyer Henry, tailor, 212 and 214 York. WIJRST CHRISTIAN G„ stove and tin store, corner of 7th and State streets ; residence, South 164 7th street; was born near Heilbrunn am Neckar, Wurtenbery, Oct. 19, 1834; emigrated to America via New York City, Jan. 1, 1854, remaining one year; going from there to Oquawka, re maining sixteen months; then came to Quincy, 111, in November, 1856, following his trade ; after a short stay went to Pal myra, Mo, remaining there two years; then took a pleasure trip, and located at Mendon, 111, in August, 1859, where he opened a tin shop, remaining seven years; then returned to Quincy, opening present large store; married Miss Kate Wolf at Quincy, April 2, 1861. She was born in Prussia, Germany, March 5, 1838, and emigrated to America via New Orleans, in 1855, going direct to Quincy. Five children: Augusta, horn March 23, 1862; Emelia, Feb. 12, 1864; Hemy, April, 1865; Albert, July 3, 1869; and Flora, Oct. 30, 1875. Is a member of the General Benevolent Association of Quinpy. Methodist. WURTZ RART C, barber, No. 40 Front street ; born in Baden, Germany, in 1849 ; came to the United States in 1853, and located in Quincy; married Mollie Hilde brand in 1873. She was born in Adams county. They have three children: Ella, Johnnie, and Joseph. He is a member of the Barber's Society. Has been in business • in this city since 1871. WURTZ FRANK J., saloon, 325 Hampshire street ; residence, same. He was born in Germany in 1842; came to the United States in 1850, and located in St. Louis ; moved to Quincy in 1854. He mar ried Sarah J. Buck in 1865. -She was born in Springfield, 111, in 1844; one child, Robert, is the fruit of their marriage. He is independent in politics and religion. His trade was, that of a barber, which he followed • for twenty-two years in Quincy. Established his saloon in 1877. He is a man of good business qualities. Wyatt Barney, laborer, 9th n of Chestnut. Wyckoff Chas. S. 1245 Vermont. Wynne Patrick, laborer, 448 N. Sth. Yaekle Philip, huckster, south end Front. Y eager Mrs. Harriet, 920 Oak. Yeager Jerome, 1217 Hampshire. Yelzing Anton, carpenter, 1022 Spring. Yuchs Michael, cooper, 2d s of Vermont. Yocum John J. farmer, cor. 22d and Broadway. Yochumsen Geo. engineer, 192 s 3d. Young A. D. carpenter, cor. 12th and Ohio. QUINCY DIRECTORY. 715 Young Elijah D. painter, cor. 3d and Vermont. Young Jacob, laborer, 724 Ohio. Young John, laborer, Vine e of 20th. Young John B. painter, cor. 3d and Vermont. Young Marion, laborer, 222 S. 3d. Young Mrs. Martha, 4th s of Washington. Young Mrs. Mary, cor. 3d and Vermont. Young N. W. farmer, Chestnut e of 22d. Youngman Wm. painter, cor. 25th and Spring. Zandar Louis, molder, 710 Ohio. Zang Henry, carriage trimmer, 716 Ohio. Zeiger Gottlieb, carpenter, 414 Payson ave. Zeiger Gustav, blacksmith, 414 Payson ave. Zengel I. stone quarry, cor. 7th and Cherry. Zengel Joseph, stone mason, cor. 7th and Cherry. Zlener L. stones, etc. 7th and Jefferson. Zimmerman Alvis L. blacksmith, 514 Kentucky. Zimmerman Chas. J. cigars, etc. 104 S. 7th. Zimmerman Jacob, upholsterer, 718 Jackson. Zimmerman John, Bboemaker, 5th near Kentucky. Zimmermann Anton, barber, 96 S. 5th. Zimmermann Chas. A. W. 805 Payson ave. Zimmermann A. W. physician, 626 Maine. Zimmermann Henry, blacksmith, Lind e of 3d. Zimmermann John, carpenter, 524 Kentucky. Zimmermann Mrs. J. widow, 514 Kentucky. Zimmermann P. blacksmith, 718 Jackson. Zimmermann Dr. Wm. 8th bet. York and Kentucky. Zipse L. cooper, 524 Payson ave. Ziving, accordeon repairer, 630 York. Zolle Peter, boots and shoes, 90 8 . 5th. Zoller David, barber, 7th s of Washington. Zoller Valentine, butcher, 7th n of Jefferson. Zonn Henry, molder, 609 State. Zumsteg Geo. molder. 929 Payeon ave. Zurheide Henry, farmer, Monroe e of 15th. 716 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. ELLINGTON TOWNSHIP. A Allen Robt. farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Quincy. Allmeyer John, farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Quincy. Altenheim Fred, farmer; sec. 17; P. O. Quincy. ANEAES FRANCIS A., farmer; Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Fowler ; born in Boone county, Mo,Oct. 30, 1826 ; came to this county in 1832, with his parents and settled on Sec. 5, of this township. His father, however, only lived one year, as he fell a victim to Asiatic cholera in 1833. Mr. Aneals was married to Miss Al- mira Frost, in Dec, 1847. She was born in Athens county, Ohio, June 5, 1827. Have three children, one boy and two girls. He has held various important offices in the township. He owns 270 acres of land, nearly all of which is in a high state of cultivation, stocked with fruit. He is one of the early and enterprising citizens; Republican in politics and a member of the M. E. Church. ANTWEIEER PHIEEIP, ho tel; Sec. 25; P. O. Quincy; born May 14, 1819, in Germany, and came to this county in 1867; was married to Abalina Koch in 1845. She was born in Germany. They have two children: Phillip, born- Sept. 7, 1847; Anna, born Oct. 24, 1857. He owns three acres of land worth about $6,000 which adjoins the city of Quincy, on which he has a veiy valuable vineyard in connection with the farmers' and travelers' Home Hotel. He is beautifully located on 12th street road where it intersects Cedar Creek. Arrowsmith John, farmer; sec. 31; P. O. Quincy. Arrowsmith Geo. farmer, sec. 31 ; P. O . Quincy. RANGERT CARE, farmer ; Sec. 16 ; P. O. Quincy; born in Germany, Oct. 18, 1834 ; came to this county in 1853 and settled in Melrose township, where he resided about six years ; then moved to Concord township, where he resided three years, after which time he moved to this township. He was married to Miss Mary Wolcott. She was born in Germany. They have eight children, four boys and four girls. He has held dif ferent local offices in the township. He has 120 acres of land in a high state of cultiva tion, well improved and stocked abundantly with fruit, and very valuable. Democratic in politics, and member of the German Lu theran church of Quincy. RARR MRS. EEIZARETH S., retired ; Sec. 13 ; P. O. Quincy ; born in Wor cester county, Mass, Nov. 20, 1827 ; came to this county in 1858, but did not locate per manently until 1859. She was married to Elizah Ban- May 26, 1859. She has one child, May A, bom April 29, 1865. Mr. Barr was, during life, one of the most enter prising and energetic of the county's citizens, and one of those to whom it is indebted for its present prosperous and flourishing condi tion. He died Oct. 10, 1864. Barr H. E. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Quincy. Barr H. F. farmer ; sec. 3 ; P.O. Quincy. » RARR NEWTON H., farmer;; Sec. 8; P. O. Quincy; born on the place where he now resides in 1853. His lather emigrated from Lancaster county, Pa, to' this county, in 1840. He held various local offices in the county ; was independent in politics, and was numbered amongst the- early and enterprising citizens who worked so nobly to make the county what it now is,. and died after attaining his 61st year, in 1876.. The subject of tins sketch and his brother, Geo. F. Barr, are now cultivating the old homestead which contains 120 acres, in a high state of cultivation, stocked with fruit. He is Democratic in politics, and usually at tends the Methodist church. Bartlett Mary E. sec. 6; P. O. Quincy. REATTY JOHN R., farmer and fruit grower; Sec. 30 ; P. O. Quincy; was born in Philadelphia, Pa, June 6, 1828, and came to this county with his parents in 1831. His father, F. B. Beatty, took a firm stand in the politics of the county, and died as he had lived a firm Democrat. His first settle ment in the county was in 1828, and up to* ELLINGTON DIRECTORY. 717 the time of his death he was numbered among the early settlers of the county. Mr. J. B. Beatty has 80 acres of land in a high state of cultivation, well stocked with the larious species of fruit. Democratic in politics, and a member of the Episcopal church. RECK AUGUST, farmer; Sec. 18; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Germany, June 5, 1827; was ed ucated in the schools of his native country, and in 1855 emigrated to the United States and settled in this county. He was married in 1857 to Miss Annie Voltbrink. She was also born in Germany. They have four chil dren : two sons and two daughters. He owns 152 acres of land in a high state of cultiva tion, abundantly supplied with fruit. He is Republican in politics, and a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, and one of the most energetic and industrious citizens of the township. Beckman L. farmer, sec. 26 ; P. O. Quincy. REERS JAMES K., farmer and fruit grower; Sec. 32; P. O. Quincy; was born in Knox county, Ohio, in 1815 ; came to this county in 1858 ; was married to Miss Paulina Farris in 1835. She was born in the state of New York in 1814. They have three children : Roseltha, Ursula, and John P. He owns twenty-five acres of land ad joining the city of Quincy, in a high state of cultivation, adundantly stocked with fruit and very valuable. Republican in politics, and a member of the Methodist church. RERNRROCK FREDERICK, farmer ; Sec. 33 ; P. O. Quincy ; was born in Prussia in 1825; came to this country in 1845 and settled in Mobile Ala, where he remained until 1849 He returned tQ-Europe for a short stay, and married Miss Gertrude Rolf and returned to New Orleans, where he remained until 1851. Then he came to Quincy and went into general merchandising, pork packing and brewing, in which ho con tinued until 1871, after which time and up to the present, he has lived a retired life on his beautiful suburban farm near Quincy. His home is elegantly improved, abundantly stocked with fruit, and very valuable. They have had two children, both now dead. Democratic in politics, and a member of the Catholic church. Berrian C. farmer, sec. 28; P. O. Quincy. Berrian Mary C. sec. 14; P. 0. Quincy. Benson John, farmer, sec. 82; P. O. Quincy. RIM SON RORERT, dairyman; Sec. 26; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in England, Nov. 11, 1830; was educated in the schools of his native country, and in 1847 emigrated to the United States and settled in this county. In 1850 he was married to Miss Jane Carlyle. She was born in Carlyle, England, April 15, 1830. They have seven children : four sons and three daughters. After coming to this county, he began the manufacture of lumber in the old primitive way with a whip-saw, in which business he* continued some twelve years, and for the next six years he watered the streets around the square in Quincy, and then began the dairy business in which he is now engaged. He owns and occupies a beautiful surburban residence property con taining six acres, splendidly located on the 12th street road, one mile north of the city limits. He is one of the most extensive and prosperous dairyman of the county notwith standing he began life on a small scale. He has one son, Wm. H, in Co. " G " of the 15th United States Infantry; he has been in the service for the past seven years. Mr. B. is Republican in politics, and a member of the M. E. Church. BittleBton Harriet, sec. 17; P. O. Qnincy. BLAKESEEE WILLARD, fruit grower ; Sec. 23 ; P. O. Quincy ; was born in Ohio, July 10, 1829 ;came to Quincy when only 7 years of age ; has been a pilot on the Mississippi river, nearly all his life, in the trade between St. Louis and St. Paul ; was married to Mrs Van Doom in 1856. She was born* in Hartford, Conn, in 1829 . She was a Miss Fanny Miller, whose father, Joseph Miller, was. a soldier in the War of 1812, and drew a pension until his death ; he also received a warrant for 160 acres of land in Iowa. He died in Quincy, in 1873 ; was one of a family of ten children, who are all dead, he being the last. Mrs. B. has one child, William H, by a former marriage. Mr. B. has twenty acres in fruit, and on account of its proximity to Quincy, is very valuable. "" Republican in politics, and attends the Congregational Church. Blessing G. farmer, sec. 26 ; P. O. Qnincy, 718 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. BO WEES HOEEMAN, farmer; Sec. 12 ; P. O. Quincy, 111. ; was born in this township, Feb. 17, 1843 ; was married to Miss Lydia L. Barr in 1866. They have two children: Annie E. and Arthur E. His father came to this county in an early day from Bourbon county, Ky, and has always been identified with its prosperity. Took a firm stand in the Democratic rank of politics, and died in 1871, in his 56th year. Mr. H. Bowles has 120 acres of land well improved, in a high state of cultivation, and very valu able. He is Democratic in politics. BO WEES RORERT E., farmer; Sec. 7 ; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Ellington township, June 2, 1851. He is the second son of A. E. Bowles (deceased), one of the early settlers of Ellington township. His early educa tion was received at La Grange College, La Grange, Mo. He is Democratic in politics (having followed in the footsteps of his father, who was, during life, one of the leaders of the party in this county). He owns eighty-seven and one-half acres of land, which for fertility of soil and improvements will compare favorably with any in the township; and is one of the young, ener getic, and industrious sons of the county, to whom it looks for a continuance of its present prosperity. His home is known through out the county as the " Locust Grove Farm." RRADBURY JONATHAN D., farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. Quincy; was born in Franklin county, Maine, Jan. 9, 1816, and came to this county May 1, 1838; was married twice; his first wife was Miss Sarah H. Merrick. She was born in Somerset county, Maine. They had two children. She died Aug. 27, 1849. His .second, and present wife, was Mrs. Ann Huntington. She was born in Oxford county, Maine. They have one child. Ho has held numer ous local offices in the township, and is now Township Assessor. He is one of the early and enterprising citizens who have made the county in its present prosperous condition. He owns about 500 acres of land, most of which is in a highly cultivated and well- improved condition. Republican in politics, and a member of the Free Baptist Church. BREDEWEG JOHN G. H., dairyman; Sec. 23; P. O. Quincy; was born in Hanover, Aug 24, 1819 ; at the age of 17 he went to Holland, and engaged in dairy business. On June 9, 1842, he landed in Quincy,* and in 1843 went into the dairy business with Albert G. Pearson, who con tinued as Mr. B.'s partner for three years; since which time he has been engaged in the business for himself, and has been very successful. He stands to-day the oldest dairyman in this part of the country ; was married to Miss Hannah W. Stighost in 1851. She was born near Bielefeld, Prus sia. They have seven children, two boys and five girls. He owns between 800 and 900 acres of land in this county, 300 of which he now resides on. It is in a high state of cultivation, and elegantly improved ; he having just finished .one of the finest suburban residences in this part of the country. Republican in politics, and a member of the German Lutheran church. Bridle John, P. O. Quincy. Brinton Wm. P. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Quincy. Brome Arnold, farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Quincy. Brome Samuel, farmer; sec. 13; P O. Fowler. Brown Eliza, sec. 24; P. O. Quincy. Brown J. T. farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Quincy. Brown Samuel, farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Quincy. BYWATER GEORGE, farmer and fruit grower; Sec. 23; P. O. Quincy; was born in England, March 25, 1838 ; came to this country when quite young. His father settled on the farm on which he now resides, in 1838. He was married to Eliza- beth Frazier in 1868. She was born in Ursa township, this county. He enlisted in the 2d Regt, 111. Cav. in 1861, and served four years, during which time the regiment was actively employed through the western south, taking part in the engagements during Grierson's Raid, Island No.10, and others too numerous to mention. He has forty-three acres of land in a high state of cultivation. Is Republican in politics. CAROEAN ANDRE W, farmer; Sec. 2 ; P. O. Fowler ; was born in the County Cavan, Ireland, in Sept. 1817, and emi grated to this country in 1847, and settled in New York; moved from there to this county in 1851; was married to Miss Bridget Riley, Jan. 15. She was bom in the same county as her husband. They have seven children, four boys and three girls. He owns eighty-one and one-fourth acres of land in a high state of cultivation, abundant- ik~ ftf- re-enlisted, and went through the war with CLAYTON DIRECTORY; 745 Mexico, during which he received several slight wounds. He settled in Adams county, in 1862. In August, 1862, he went into the United States army as Captain of Co. A, of the 101st Regt. 111. Inf. ; was promoted to Colonel of the same regiment in the spring of 1864, and mustered out in July, 1865 ; married Amanda Brown April 14, 1851, who was born in Ill,in April, 1831 . They have two children : Nellie and Ora. Mr. Le Sage was engaged in steamboating from 1852 to 1859; has kept hotel in Clayton since 1865. LESTER JOHN W., telegraph operator; residence Clayton; is the son of George W. Lester, Sr, and Elizabeth (Hart) Lester, both born in Kentucky, and now living in Clayton. John was born in Adams county, 111, March 1, 1851, and has always lived in the county. He came to Clayton Feb. 1, 1874 ; began telegraphing in 1S67 , has been the operator for the Wabash Rail way company, at Clayton, for five years; married Miss Lizzie R. Craig, daughter of N. C. and V. C. Craig, Jan. 12, 1879, at the M. E. church in Clayton. He is a member of the Masons, the I. 0. O. F, and the Druids ; and also of the Masonic Relief Association of- Clayton, and of the Iowa Masonic Relief Association at Keokuk. Lewis H. M. famer; sec. 20; P. O. Camp Point. Lewis John, farmer; Bee. 19; P. O. Camp Point. LEWIS WILLLAM M., farmer; Sec. 20 ; P. O. Camp Point ; is the son of Henry M. and Sarah (Kelley) Lewis, natives of Kentucky. He was born in Clayton township, Adams Co, 111, July 23, 1851 ; was reared on a farm. He married, Dec. 27, 1876, Mary A. Mills, who was bom in Ky, Oct. 4, 1857. They have one child, Herbert H, born Oct. 22, 1877. Mr. and Mrs. Lewis are members of the Christian church. His par ents are living in Clayton township. He owns eighty acres of land (sixty improved) in Clayton township worth $45 per acre, and twenty-four acres of timber land in Colum bus township, worth $10 per acre. LITTLE JOHN T. miller; resi dence, Clayton ; was bom in Adams Co. 111. Sept. 18, 1849. His parents were Joseph and Mary Little, the former of Pennsylvania, the latter df Kentucky. Mr. L. began the mill ing business in Camp Point in 1869 ; came to Clayton in March, 1865, since which time he has had charge of the large mill there. He married Josephine Mathews, Mar. 24, 1870. She was born in Missouri, Feb. 3, 1850 He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and the A. O. U. W. Both he and wife are members of the Christian church. His father resides at Camp Point. Logue John, farmer;|sec. 24; P. O. Clayton. LOGUE JOHN C, farmer; resi dence, Clayton. His father was a native ol Pickaway Co, Ohio, and his mother, Eliza beth (Mahan) Logue, was a native of Brook Co, West Virginia, in which county he was born, Feb. 17, 1842. He came from there to Clayton, Adams Co, 111, in 1855, where he has. since lived. His only educational ad vantages were such as the district schools afford. He entered the United States army in the war of the Rebellion, as a private in Co. [I. 84th Regt. 111. Inf, in August, 1862; was promoted to Corporal before going to the front ; to 4th Sergeant in November of that year ; to 2nd Lieutenant, in Feb. 1863, and to 1st Lieutenant in March. He resigned from disability in Dec. 1863. He married Francina Campbell, Dec. 17, 1867. She was born in Prebel Co, Ohio, Dec. 20, 1845. They have four children : Jessie W, Mary C, Wilbur C, and Laura Belle. He has held the office of Town Trustee, was Chairman of that Board, and was the Green back candidate for Representative to the Ill inois Legislature. He and wife are both members of the Baptist church, and he is a member of the Masonic Order and of the A. O. U. W. He lives in a residence that cost $5,000, and owns twenty acres in the corpor ation of Clayton. Logue Wm. farmer; sec. 26. LOGUE WILLIAM M., farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Clayton; is the son of John and Elizabeth (Mahan) Logue, of West Vir ginia. He was born in that state, July 8, 1839 ; came with his parents to Illinois and settled iu Adams, county in 1855. He was married Oct. 17, 1861, to Harriet E. Davis; born in Illinois, Jan. 6, 1844. Five children, four living ; Curren E, born Aug. 31, 1862 ; Julia V, born Jan. 11, 1865 (deceased) ; Nannie C, bom Oct. 8, 1867, William C, born Feb. 25, 1869, and Lizzie, born July 25, 1870. Mr. L. is a member of the A. O. U. W , and both he and wife are members of the Baptist church e has an interest in 746 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. his father's estate of 560 acres (486 improved) in Clayton township, and 100 in Brown county. He owns forty acres in Clayton township. He is one of two brothers now liv ing of a family of eight children, five of whom died in the months "of April and May in 1855, and one in November, 1860. His father, now living with hin^on the home stead, was born Dec. 25, 1810. His mother was born March 7, 1816; died March 16, 1875. They were married March 8, 1838. Long J. B. farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Clayton. Loyd E. carpenter; P. O, Clayton. LUKER JOHN C, 'proprietor Hampton House, Clayton: son of William C. and Mary (Shrader) Luker; the father born in New York, the mother in Pennsyl vania. He was born in Alleghany Co, Penn, March 5, 1818 ; moved to Ohio in 1833, to Missouri in 1876, and to Clayton, Adams Co, 111 in 1878. For many years he con ducted a chair manufactory in New Concord, Muskingum Co, Ohio ; went on a farm in 1848; removed to Hocking Co, Ohio, in 1850 ; thence to Knox Co , Mo. Has been in the hotel business six years. He married Caroline E. White, Nov. 3, 1842, who was born in the State of Delaware, in 1822. They have two living children: Joseph Henry and Mamie (Luker) Sells. He and wife are both members of the Presbyterian church. Politics, Republican. Lung J. B. retired; P. O.'.Clayton. M McBradney Samuel, mercaant; P. O. Clayton. McBratney Mrs. L. M. milliner; P. O. Clayton. McBratney Hobert, farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Clayton. McBratney Thomas, butcher; P. O. Clayton. McCarty Wm. farmer; sec, 27; P. O. Clayton. McJlain Eobert, farmer; sec. 12; P.O.Clayton. McClintock Wm. J. farmer; sec.';18; [P. O. Camp Point. McClintock Mrs. M. P. O. Clayton. McClintock Wm. M. farmer; sec. 17; P.O. Camp Point. McCoy B. W. auctioneer; P. O. Clayton. •McCoy Emeline; P.O.Clayton. McCOY JOHN D„ farmer and breeder of Durham- cattle; Sec. 34; P.O. Clayton ; son of John and Martha McCoy, both of Kentucky. They came to Illinois and settled in Concord township, Adams county, in 1833. Mr. McCoy was born in that township, March 13, 1844 ; removed to Brown county in 1872 ; remained there until the spring of 1878, then removed to Clayton ; married Eliza Hoskins, Sept. 6, 1864. She was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, Feb. 14, 1845. Have two children : Pearl L, born March 23, '68, and Mary E, born March 18, 1873. Enlisted in Co. E, 10th Regt. 111. Inf, April 17, 1861 (was the seventeenth man enlisted in the state by Gen. Prentiss); served one year ; re-enlisted in Co. E, 70th Regt. 111. Inf. ; served four months ; again re-enlisted, Feb. 5, 1865, in Co.K, 151st Regt. 111. Inf ; served one year, and was mus tered out, Feb. 8, 1866. He owns sixty-eight acres of land ; devotes special attention to breeding blooded cattle. McCoy F. laborer; P. O. Clayton. McCoy John, stock-dealer. P. O. Clayton. McCoy T. laborer; P. O. Clayton. McDowell A. S. secy. Masonic Relief Society; P. O. Clayton. McFarland Joseph, farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Camp Point. McMullen William; P. O. Clayton. Mc MURRAY JOSEPH C, farmer ; Sec. 23 ; P. O. Clayton ; is the son of George and Elizabeth (Waller) McMur- ray, natives of Kentucky. He was born in Clayton township, Adams county, 111, on the farm where he now resides, Oct. 20, 1851 ; was reared a farmer, and has made that the occupation of his life. He married, Feb. 13, 1873, Mattie Carter, who was born in North Carolina Oct. 6, 1855. They have two chil dren : Freddie M, born Jan. 15, 1874, and ' ' Roy, born June 20, 1877. Mr. McMurray owns 100 acres of the old homestead, lying in section 23, Clayton township, worth $40 per acre. McMurray J. H. farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Clayton. McMURRY WTLLE4M F., farmer : Sec. 55 ; P. O. Clayton ; was born in Alton, 111, Dec. 6, 1840. His parents were Wilson Smith McMurry and George Ann (Parish) McMurry, natives of Kentucky. His father, who was an itinerant minister in the M. E. church, died in 1851. Mr. Mc Murry came to Clayton township in August, 1851 ; went to Hancock county in 1868, when he returned to Clayton township. He enlisted in Co. L, 2d Regt. 111. Cav, July 12, 1861 ; went in as a private and was promoted to Sergeant. He served in the Army of the Tennessee ; was mustered out, Aug. 12, 1864. He was married, March 12, 1867, to Sarah A. Cromwell, who was born in Kentucky, CLAYTON DIRECTORY. 747 Dec. 26, 1842. Two children -, Bertha, born May 21, 1869 ; Leona, born Aug. 27, 1872. He and wife are members of the M. E. church. He owns eighty-five acres of im proved land in Clayton township, worth $40 per acre ; also twenty of timber in Brown county. MAGNER JOHN, section fore-. man on Wabash Railway; residence, Clay ton. He is the son of Thomas and Nancy (O'Neil) Magner, of Ireland. He was born in the same country, Dec. 26, 1819 ; came to America in 1847 ; spent six months in Massa chusetts, and then went to Maine, where he remained till the spring of 1849; came to Cincinnati, Ohio ; engaged in railroading for the C, H. & D. R. R. Co. for three years, and was in the employ of the O. & M. R. R. for four years on construction, and one year as section foreman. He came to Illinois in June, 1857; engaged as track-layer on what is now the Wabash Railway, on which road he has been employed chiefly since. He has been in his present position since the 21st of May, 1863. He was mar ried April 20, 1851, to Bridget Begley, of Ireland. Five children : Thomas W, Mary Ann, James B, Catharine and Margaret. Are members of the Catholic church. He owns a house and one-half acre of land in Clayton. He was a member of the Con stabulary Corps, a police organization for the protection of society, in Ireland, for three years. Manhollan Samuel, farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Camp Point. . Marrett Catharine, sec. 35; P. O. Clayton. Marrett Samuel, sec. 35; P. O. Clayton. Marshall Elizabeth, sec. 23; P. O. Clayton. Mead Margaret, P. 0. Clayton. Meats Wm. laborer; P. O. Clayton. Meatheringham Wm. farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Clayton. Meints Fred, farmer; sec. 3; P. 0. Keokuk Junction. Meintz John, farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Mellon Francis, teacher; P. O. Clayton. Metz John, farmer ; sec. 26; P.O. Clayton. Miller Benj. laborer; P. O. Clayton. Miller Daniel, farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Clayton. Miller Fred, farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Clayton. Miller George, farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Keokuk Junc tion. Miller Gerd. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Miller Jacob, wagon maker; P. O. Clayton, MILLER JACOR, wagon manu facturer; residence, Clayton. His parents were John and Elizabeth Miller, of Saxony, Germany. He was born in the same placei June 1, 1829 ; came to America in 1848 ; set tied in Baltimore, Md, one year; removed to Summersett county, Pa, one year, and thence to Quincy, 111, in 1852 ; from there to Brown county in 1856 ; thence to Clayton in 1858. He has followed this business all his life. Married Catharine Faust, April 23, 1852, who died in 1868, leaving three children : Henry, Louisa and Emma. He married Catharine Fraelisch in the fall of 1869. They have one child, Jennie. His first wife was born in Pennsylvania, Feb. 22, 1834. Mr. Miller is a member of the I. O. O. F, and of the benefit association of that order. He started business with five dollars, and is now worth over $10,000; is Town Trustee. MILLER JAMES A., farmer; Sec. 25; P. O Clayton. He is the son of John N. and Elanor (McClain) Miller. He was born in Marion county, Va, Sept. 24, 1841 ; came with his parents to Adams county, 111, in 1855, and settled in Clayton township in 1866. He enlisted Aug. 12, 1862, in Co. B, 78th Regt. 111. Inf, as private ; was promoted to Corporal ; taken prisoner atMuI- den's Hill, Ky, by John Morgan, but was at once paroled ; discharged June 21, 1865. He was married March 4, 1869, to Jane Lierle. She was born in Adams county, July 14, 1848. They have four children: John W, born Dec. 9, 1869 ; Leona C, born Sept. 29, 1871 ; Alberta, born Aug. 26, 1873, and James L, born Dec. 29, 1875. He owns seventy- five acres of improved land, worth $40 per acre. He makes a specialty of breeding Poland China hogs. MILLER JOHN, farmer; Sec. 29; P. O. Camp Point; son of Nathan and Ele- nor Miller; was born in Miami county, Ohio, Aug. 4, 1835; came to Adams county and settled in Clayton township in 1863 ; married Martha Wilson, Dec. 24, 1857. She was born in Ohio, Oct. 7, 1836; four children: three living; William Howard, Moulton Edwin, Franklin Alva ; own eighty acres in Clayton, all improved, worth $50 per acre ; seventeen acres of timber in Concord town ship. Republican in politics. Miller Joseph, farmer ; sec. 29; P. O. Clayton. Moonhill Mary, P. O. Clayton. MONTGOMERY GEORGE W, druggist and banker; Clayton. He is tho 748 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. son of Daniel and Julia (Mahan) Montgom ery. His father was born in Pennsylvania, mother in Baltimore, Md. Mr. Montgom ery was born in Brook county, W. Va, Feb. 24, 1841 ; came from there to Clayton, Adams county. Ill, in 1865; engaged in the dry goods trade till 1867, when he changed to the drug business. In 1877 he in company with Mr. Craig, embarked in the banking business and continues in both. December 27, 1871, he married Laura A. Nance, born in Kentucky, in 1850. They have one son, Flint, so named by his grandfather, for Dr. Flint -of Louisville, Ky. Mr. Montgomery is a member of the Second Advent church, of the I. O. O. F, and the order of A. O. U. W. Politics, Democratic. Montgomery J. B. carpenter; P. O. Clayton. MONTGOMERY WILLIAM, real estate and loan agency; Clayton; was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, Dec. 15, 1829. He is the son of William and Jane (Patterson) Montgomery, both born in Ire land. He came with his parents to Brown county 111, in 1840. He was brought up on a farm and followed it till 1850. Mr. Mont gomery removed from Mt. Sterling to Clay ton in 1845. In 1850 he engaged in a general merchandising business, and also dealt in live stock, and did something in the milling business. He and two other men purchased the woolen mill then in operation in Clayton, and conducted it for two years, at the end of which time it was destroyed by fire in 1873. Mr. Montgomery abandoned the mercantile business in 1866, and since then has a real estate and loan agency in Adams and adjoin ing counties. September 18, 1855, he mar ried Roxana Chapman, who was born in Clayton, Adams county, 111., Sept. 27, 1837. They have three children1 living: AddieJ, born Sept. 8, 1858, Mary Elva, born July 2, 1862, and William Elmar, born July 8, 1874; Emery B, was born Oct. 4, 1856, died July 31; 1873. Mr. Montgomery is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and he and wife are connected with the M. E. church. He owns a farm of 100 acres in Brown county, and a fine property in Clay ton. MOREY SETH J., Justice of the Peace and surveyor ; residence, Clayton ; was born in Columbia county, New York, Jan. 23, 1815. He is the son of Joshua and Thankful (Smith) Morey. His father was a native of New York, his mother of Connec ticut. Mr. Morey was educated at Lewis county Seminary, New York. He came to Illinois and settled in Adams county, in 1838. He followed teaching for eight years after locating in the west, then farmed for two years. He was elected deputy surveyor which office he filled for a number of years. He was married March 30, 1843, to Jane A. Wallace, born in Garrard county, Ky, Jan. 8, 1817; came with her parents to Adams county, 111, in 1835, when there was only one house in Clayton. Mr. Morey has held every local ofiice in the gift of the people, and has filled from one to three offices ever since. He was examiner of teachers in this part of the county for a number of years ; was Deputy Provost Marshal during the rebellion; has been Magistrate for fourteen years; is now Township Treasurer; mem ber of the Masonic Order; Republican ia politics. His wife is a member of the United Presbyterian Church. He owns forty acres of land half of which lies in the town of Clayton, and a good house which cost $4,000- Motter H. R. banker ; P. O. Clayton. N NEWHOUSE SAMUEL, farmer; Sec. 21; P. O. Clayton; is the son Of John and Mary Newhouse, Ohio. He was born in Delaware county, Ohio, May 1, 1835. He came to Illinois in the fall of 1866, and set tied in Clayton township in the spring of 1867. He enlisted in the one hundred days' service in Co. C. 145th Regt. Ohio Inf, and was discharged at the expiration of three months, Oct. 27, 1859. He married Nancy Newhouse, who was also born in Ohio, Sept. 17, 1839. They have had nine children, seven living: Olive M, Ann Virginia, (dead) George, (dead) Frank M, Arthur N, John C, Bertice W, and Mary F. ; both members of the M. E. church. They own 100 acres in the home farm worth $45 per acre, and 80 acres in Sec. 22, worth $35 per acre. OMER JACOB, retired farmer; sec. 34 ; P. O. Clayton ; (son of Peter and Rebecca Omer, of Kentucky). He was born in the CLA YTON CLAYTON DIRECTORY. 749 same State, March 23, 1820 ; came west, and settled in Clayton township in 1851, He was married April 10, 1845, to Mary J. Farmer. She was bom in Indiana, Nov. 30, 1823. Have two children living : Alex ander, born March 5, 1850, and Anna, born Aug. 22, 1853; two dead: William, born Jan. 21, 1846, died Feb. 27, 1857 ; Elizabeth, born April 24, 1857; died Aug. 13, 1878. Mr. and Mrs. O. are members of the M. E. church ; began life with no capital but will ing hands, now owns 200 acres of land in Clayton township. ~ OMER PETER, farmer; Sec. 34; P. O. Clayton ; was born in Jefferson county, Ky, March 25, 1822. He is the son of Peter and Rebecca Omer; the former born in Pennsylvania, the latter born in Maryland. Mr. O. came to Illinois, and settled in Adams county, in 1847 ; married Barbara Hoke, of Kentucky, in 1847. She died in 1852, leav. ing one son, John Irwin; married Sarah Ann Marsh in 1854. They had eight child ren, five living : Charles H, Sarah J, Will iam E, Arthur M, and AnnaE. His second wife died in August, 1876. He married Julia C. Wilson, April 4, 1878, who was born in Keokuk, Iowa, in August, 1848. They are members of the M. E. church. He owns 320 acres of land, all in Clayton township, Sec. 34; also twenty acres of timber land in Concord township. OSTERMAN JOHN, farmer; Sec. 6; P. O. Keokuk Junction. His parents were Habbo and Gracie Osterman, of Ger many, now living in Northeast township. Mr. Osterman was born in Hanover, Ger many, in 1842 ; came to America, and settled in Adams county, 1855; was, married in December, 1868, to Anna Woid, born also in Germany, in 1847. They have five children : Habbo, William, Grecan, Hattie, and/ohn. He and wife are members of the Lutheran church. He owns 108 acres of improved land in Clayton township, worth $40 per acre ; has lived on the farm he now owns, since 1874. Parker Edgar, harnessmaker; P. O. Clayton. Parker James, hotel keeper; P. O. Clayton. Parker W. R. farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Clayton. Perehouse Elnor, P. O. Clayton. Ferehouse J. B. blacksmith;1 P. O. Clayton. Pierce John, peddler; P. O. Clayton. Post Gerd, farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Keokuk Junction. POTTER JOHN W., mail agent on the Wabash Railway ; residence, Clayton ; is a descendant from English parentage. His paternal ancestry have held official positions in every war waged in the North American Continent. His parents were William and Olive (Wortman) Potter ; the former was born in Nova Scotia, and the latter in England; both were reared near Eastport, Maine. He was bom while they were on a visit in New Brunswick, May 26, 1821. His early life was spent in Massa chusetts, where he was educated. He was employed for a time in a bank, afterward learned book-binding; followed it for a number of years ; came west, and settled in Mendon, in 1851, where he devoted some at tention to the study of law ; afterward de cided to enter the medical profession ; read with Dr. Mason, of Mendon ; began practice in Camden, Schuyler county ; married Julia Plunkett, of same county. She was bom Sept. 28, 1833. They have two children : Edgar S, born June 1, 1857, and John W. Jr., born May 29, 1859. Dr. P. enlisted Sept. 11, 1861, as private in Co. B, 3d Regt. Mo. Cav. ; was appointed Provost Marshal, afterward Adjutant, and finally transferred to the med ical department; was mustered out June, 1865; settled in Clayton, in 1867. Soon after bought the Clayton Standard, which he published a year; sold it to T. J. Mitchell, and entered the Postal service Dec. 17, 1869. He owns a house and seven acres of land in Clayton.Powers A. W, farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Clayton. REATH HENRY, proprietor Clay ton House, Clayton; is the son of Henry and Catherine Reath, both born in Ger many ; father died in 1840 and mother in 1843. He was born in same country, May 15, 1834 ; came to America, with his parents, in 1838, and settled in Louisville, Ky. ; re moved to Indiana, in 1841, thence to Jack sonville, 111, in 1866. He enlisted as a private in the United States army in the war of the Rebellion, in Co. I, 120th Regt. Ind. Inf, in September, 1862 ; was promoted to 2d Lieutenant in the fall of 1863; re signed from disability in the fall of 1864. He has worked at the harness trade since he was sixteen years old ; came from Mount Ster- 750 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. ling, Brown county, to Clayton, in the sum mer of 1878; married Miss Sarah Smith, April 8, 1857. She was born in Orange county, Ind, Nov. 3, 1839. They have five children: Ida, Josephine, Gertrude, Cath erine, and Frederick. Mr. Reath is a mem ber of the I. O. O. F, and they are both connected with the the M. E. church. Pol itics, Republican. Robinson J. retired farmer; P. O. Clayton. Eoe S. L. merchant; P. O. Clayton. RutledgeW. H. farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Clayton. s Saathoff Menke, farmer; sec. 12; P. 0. Keokuk Junction. Salthause Thos. farmer; sec. 11; P.O.Clayton. Schoene O. farmer; sec 5; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Seaton Effa A. ; sec. 30; P. O. Camp Point. Shacktey L. S. cooper; P. O. Clayton. Shull William, farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Clayton. Simmonds J. R. farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Cimp Point Simpson Mrs.; P. O. Clayton. Slocum L. hardware; P. O. Clayton. SMITH DANIEL W., farmer; Sec. 11; P. O. Clayton; is the son of Rat cliff and Nancy (Dorset) Smith, of North Carolina. He was born in the same state, and came to Adams county, 111, in the fall of 1849; removed to Missouri in 1866, where he lived till 1873. He returned to Adams county, Feb. 20, 1855. He married Miss Susan E. Hinson, who was also born in North Carolina. They have had three children, one living, Emery, born Dec. 1, 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are connected with the Presbyterian church. They own 100 acres of land in Clayton township, fifty of which is improved. Smith J. C. farmer; sec. 28; P. O. Clayton. Smith I. N. laborer; P. O. Clayton. Smith J. K. retired farmer; P. O. Clayton. Smith J.W. blacksmith; P. O. Clayton. Smith R. M. bla-ksmith ; P. O. Clayton. SMITH THOMAS C, farmer; Sec. 28 ; P. O. Clayton ; is the son of James and Mary (Curry) Smith, natives of Kentucky. He was born in Adams county, 111, Sept. 26, 1845 ; has^pent his life on a farm. Ho enlisted in the Union army, in Co. B, 137th Regt. 111. Inf. — hundred-day service— May 25, 1863 ; went out as a Corporal ; was pro moted to Sergeant; was mustered out in October of the same year ; Dec. 14, 1865, he married Miss Mary A. Foster, who was born in Kentucky, Sept. 23, 1845. They have two children, Elmer Ellsworth and Elnora. Mr. Smith is a member of the I. O. O. F, and his wife of the Christian church. He is Republican. Smith Wm. B. ex-messenger; P. O. Clayton. STAKER WILLIAM, general insurance agent; residence, Clayton; was born in Loughborrow county, Canada, Feb. 27, 1832. His parents, C. R. Staker, and Elizabeth J. (Boyce) Staker, were natives of the same place. They removed to Morgan county, 111, ig 1836. Mr. Smith learned the carpenter trade, and divided his attention between that and farming, prior to 1865. He married Miss P. A. Davison, June 1, 1855. He was born in Clermont county, Ohio, Aug. 20, 1836. Their union has re sulted in three children: James L, Maty- Adda M, and Hattie Gertrude. They re moved to Adams county, and settled in Beverly one season ; then came to Clayton, in December, 1865. In April, 1871, they re moved to Mound Station, where they re mained until 1873, when they returned to Clayton. Mr. Smith is a member of the I. O. O. F. and A. O. U. W. He and his wife are members of the Christian church. They own a residence and eight acres of land, in Clayton, and thirty-seven acres in Concord township. STEWART ENOS F., stock dealer, residence Clayton; son of Martin and Sarah (Thompson) Stewart, both of Athens, Ohio; was born in Adams county, 111, March 20, 1840 ; since the age of twenty he has been engaged in buying and shipping live stock. When the war of the Rebellion broke out he enlisted, in April, 1861, as a private in Co. B, 16th Regt. 111. Inf, and was mustered out in July, 1865. March 13, 1830, he married Ella Powell. He is a mem ber of the Order of Good Templars, and in politics is Republican. STOUT MRS. CATHERINE, P. O. Clayton; widow of William Stout, who was born Jan. 27, 1825, in Kentucky, and died in Clayton township March 14, 1877. Mrs. Stout is the daughter of Peter and Rebecca (Hawes) Omer, and was born in Kentucky, Nov. 14, 1829. They were married Sept. 25, 1851 ; came to Illinois and settled in Adams County in 1854. They had CLAYTON DIRECTORY. 751 nine children, seven living: John R, Eliza C, Sarah E, Mary F, William P, Oliver S, and Florence F. Mrs. Stout owns ten acres of improved • land, with house and other buildings, on Sec. 34, in Clayton town ship. She is a member of the Christian church. SWOPE ALRERT F., farmer; Sec. 28; P. O. Clayton; was born in Shelby County, Ky, March 10, 1819. He is the son of Michael and Jane (Ringo) Swope. Mr. Swope came west and settled in Indiana in 1839; remained till 1857, when he removed to Clayton township ; Sept. 20, 1842, he married Caroline T. Sullivan, who was born in Jefferson County, Ind, July 15, 1825. Seven children, five living: John M, Susan J. (dead), Mary E. (dead), Michael, Homer M, William A, and Charlotte E. Mr. Swope is a member of the Masonic Order, Commandry and Knight Templars ; is Mas ter Overseer in the Chapter and Swordbearer in the Commandry. He and wife are con nected with the Presbyterian church. They own 274 acres of finely improved land in Clayton township, worth $65 per acre, a house costing over $5,000, and forty-three acres of timber in Columbus township, worth $20 per acre. Swope John, farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Clayton. rT? Terrill James C. merchant; P. O. Clayton. Thomas Mrs. P. O. Clayton. THOMAS ELI R., farmer; Sec. 18; P. O. Keokuk Junction ; was born in Clark county, Ind, Aug. 15, 1835. His parents were Josiah and Mary Thomas, the father born in Virginia, the mother in Kentucky. Mr. Thomas came to Illinois and settled in Adams county in the spring of 1850. May 29, 1861, he married Mary A. Beckett, who was bom in Adams county, Jan. 26, 1840. Have three children: Ida May, born Feb. 26, 1864; Curtis M, born June 3, 1868; and Joseph Lonn, born Nov. 23, 1872. He and wife are members of the M. E. church; own eighty acres of improved land in Clayton township, worth $40 per acre, and twenty acres of timber in Camp Point township, worth $30 per acre. ' Tibbetts Isabella. P. O. Clayton. Valentine Nelson, farmer; Sec. 30; P. O. Camp Point. 48 w Wagner Thomas, laborer; P. O. Clayton. Wallace Mary, P. O. Clayton. Wallace M. E. farmer; Sec. 5; P. O. Camp Point. WALLACE MASON R., farmer; Sec. 7 ; P. O. Keokuk Junction ; is the son of William M. and Elizabeth (Reed) Wal lace, of Kentucky. He was born in Clayton township Oct. 3, 1844; has always lived on the farm where he was born. He was mar ried, March 7, 1872, to Angeline Wallace Turner, born in Concord township Oct. 2, 1844. Mr. Wallace has always followed farming. .He is a member of the Anti- Horse-thief Association at Camp Point. He and wife are members of the United Pres byterian church. He owns 140 acres of land in Clayton township, and seventy-one acres in Camp Point township (120 improved) , worth $40 per acre. WALLACE ORIGEN, farmer and breeder of blooded stock; Sec. 34; P. O. Clayton ; was born in Garrard county, Ky, Dec. 31, 1817. His parents were Allen and Ann Wallace, the former born in Virginia, the latter in Kentucky. His mother's father served seven years in the Revolutionary War. He came to Illinois and settled on the farm where he now lives, in 1851. He married Nancy Weir, Sept. 13, 1853. She was born in South Carolina, Dec. 21, 1826. They have had six children, five living: John W, Cylon O. (dead), Samuel A, Ann Allen, William T, and James S. *Mr. Wal lace has paid special attention to breeding the celebrated Magie hogs for nearly twenty years. He exhibited the first lot of this stock ever shown at a State Fair in Illinois ; and to him is largely due the dissemination of this valuable breed in many of the West ern States. He owns 160 acres in the home farm, on Sec. 34, 150 acres in Concord town- • ship, on Sec. 3, and twenty acres in Sec. 7 of same township. WATSON MARCUS H., drug gist, Clayton, is the son of David K. and Ruth A. (Kirkpatrick) Watson, natives of Pickaway county, Ohio. They came from Ohio to Illinois and settled in Brown county, where the subject of this sketch was born, Sept. 25, 1854, the third child, there being one brother and sister older. He was brought up on a farm, where he remained until 1877, 752 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. when he purchased an interest in the drug business in Clayton, and is now conducting it under the firm name of Davis & Watson. Weaver Malinda, P. O. Clayton. WertzEilert, farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Keokuk Juuc. Wertz Foke, farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Keokuk June. Wertz Hye, farjier; Bee. 10; P. O. Keokuk June. West Edward, farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Clayton. WEST REV. WILLIAM T., pastor Christian church; residence, Clay ton ; was born Aug. 1, 1842, in North Caro lina. He is the son of John and Jane (Ed wards) West, both born. in that state. He was educated at Christian University, Lewis county, Mo. He came to Illinois in 1869; began the ministry as pastor of the church at Camp Point, Adams county, in 1875. He came to Clayton, Oct. 15, 1878. He married Nancy Tout, April 11, 1871. She was born in Adams county, 111, March 10, 1853. They have four children : William Brownlow, Adelia May, Winthrop H, and Winslow M, the last twins. Mr. West enlisted in the United States army, April 2, 1862, as a pri vate in Co. A, 2d Regt. N. C. Mounted Inf. ; was promoted Orderly Sergeant in June of same year, and served as Quartermaster and Sergeant Major ; was mustered out Aug. 19, 1865 ; 'received a slight wound at the battle of Stone River. Politics, Republican. WHITFORD HENRY S., far mer ; Sec. 7 ; P. O. Keokuk Junction ; is the son of Thomas and Martha (Stafford) Whit- ford, of Rhode Island. He was born in that state, Dec. 6, 1808 ; learned the tailors' trade in Providence, R. I. ; followed it for nine years; came to Illinois and settled in Clayton township in the spring of 1833; built the house and located where he now resides, in 1859; married Mary James, of Rhode Island, Oct. 20, 1820 ; had one child, Mary C, now living in Rhode Island; mar ried the second time to Sarah A. Downing, Jan. 16, 1840. She was born in Clark county, ¦ Ind, in 1820. This union resulted in nine children: Albert R, James T, Aseneth (de ceased), Lydia A, Charles G. (deceased), Edward C, John S, Harriet E. (deceased), and Nancy M. (deceased). Mrs. Whitford died May 6, 1856. His third marriage took place Feb. 7, 1861, to Myra C. Clark. She was born in St. Lawrence county, N. Y, March 7, 1829. Have five children : Henry B, Alice E, Dora A, Fannie C, and Daniel W. Mr. Whitford is a member of the M. E. church, and Mrs. Whitford of the Presby terian church. He came to Illinois when the country about him was the habitation of the deer and wolf, and Indian. Little of the soil had been disturbed by the white man. He started in life unaided ; has by industry and business tact been quite successful, be sides helping each child to some $1,400 as a start in life on arriving at their majority. He now owns 720 acres of land, most of it finely improved. His father was a sea cap tain, and lost his life on the briny deep in 1816. His mother came west and died in Adams county in Jan. 27, 1872. WIGLE SOLOMON, farmer; resi dence Clayton ; was born in Union county, 111, April 20, 1816, (he is the son of John and Margaret Wigle, both born in Pennsyl vania); came with his parents to Adams county in 1826; when they settled there were only fifteen families in the county, their nearest neighbor was seven, and the next ten, miles distant. The first Monday in August of that year, an election was held at Millville, when the whole voting popu lation of the county attended; The total number of votes polled was twenty-eight. The Wigle family first settled in Liberty township, where Solomon remained until 1867, when he removed to Clayton. Ex-Gov ernor Wood and Abram Stone are the only persons living, who were in the county when they came. He married Nancy Potter, Dec. 17, 1838. She was born in Pennsyl vania, Aug. 11, 1811, and died March 29, 1864, leaving one child, James. He mar ried Hellen A. Hughes, for his second wife, Dec. 8, 1864. They have two children, Lo- rena D, and Charlie S. Mr. W. is a mem ber of the Masonic Order. He and wife are members of the Christian church. He was Collector, and made the first tax returns under the township organization. He owns twenty-nine acres of land in the corporation of Clayton, and 219 acres altogether. Williams F. M. farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Camp Point. Williams P.M. laborer; P.O. Clayton. Williams Thos. laborer; P. O. Clayton. Williams, W. C. photographer; P. O. Clayton. Williamson Jas, laborer; P.O. Clayton. Willey Wm, laborer; P.O.Clayton. WISEHART WILLIAM N„ farmer; Sec. 30; P. O. Camp Point; is the son of James and Eliza (Curry) Wisehart, CLAYTON DIRECTORY. 753 natives of Kentucky. He was born in Co lumbus township, Adams county, 111, Feb. 9, 1849; came to Clayton township in 1873. Dec. 25, 1873, he married Joan Lewis, born in Clayton township, Adams county, Oct. 22, 1854. They have had three children, two living: William Earnest, born Sept. 27, 1875, and Perley Ardena, bom July 8, 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Wisehart are members of the Chris tian church. They own fifty-eight acres of land, worth $65 per acre. WOOD JESSE D., Postmaster; Clayton; born in Lawrence county, Ind. Feb. 6, 1831. His parents were John and Nancy (Davidson) Wood, of North Carolina. His early life, to the age of twenty years, was spent on a farm. He removed to Mount Pleasant, Iowa ; remained nine years ; learned the trade of plasterer and worked at it for a number of years, in summers, and taught school winters. He entered the army, Aug. 12, 1862, in Co. I, 119th Regt, Iowa Inf. ; was 1st Sergeant of the company during his whole term of service; was mustered out Sept. 9, 1865. He was married April 8, 1869, to Mary Ellen Rice, born in Schuyler county, 111.. March 10, 1844. They have four chil dren, Hettie L, Charles E, Clara M. and Stella J. They removed to Clayton in 1861. He held the office of Town Col lector one year ; was appointed Postmaster in May, 1869, has held the office since. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and he and his wife are members of the M. E. church.Wing Stephen, farmer; Sec. 36; P. O. Clayton. CAMP POINT TOWNSHIP. Adams John, farmer; sec. 22; P. O Camp Point. Allen Isaac, laborer; P. O. Camp Point. ANDERS JOHN, farmer and stock- dealer; Sec. 35; P. O. Camp Point; is the son of Adam and Nancy Anders, of Mary land, in which State they were married, and removed to Hamilton county, Ohio, where he was born, April 12, 1819. The school dis tricts in the county at that time were twelve miles square, and his parents lived eight miles from a school-house, with a river be tween, consequently his opportunities for attending school were very meager. He left that county and went to Dearborn county, Ind, when he was 24 years old, at a time when the settlers in that county were obliged to go eighty miles to mill, carrying their grists on horses. He came from there to Columbus township, Adams county, 111. He lost his team on the way, and, not being able to buy another, he carried the rails to fence his first crop. He was married, Feb. 10, 1840, to Elva Wood, who was bornsin Ham ilton county, Ohio. She died in the spring of 1855, leaving three children : Elizabeth Lewis, Martha J. Simmons, and George An ders. He was married again, in December, 1856, to Mildred Curl, of Kentucky. They* have one child, Elva Anders. They came to Camp Point township in 1868. He has al ways devoted his attention to farming, and for twenty-five years has dealt quite exten sively in live stock ; owns 128 acres of im proved land in Camp Point, worth $40 per acre, and 160 (half improved) in Columbus township, worth $25 per acre. Anderson W. W. teamster; P. O. Camp Point. Asher Bartlett, constable ; P. O. Camp Point. Asher Jasper, carpenter; P. O. Camp Point. Anil Joseph, farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Camp Point. Baker J. T. merchant; P. O. Camp Point. RAILEY THOMAS, banker; residence Camp Point ; was born in the town of Poland, Cumberland (now Androscoggin) county, Maine, Oct. 8, 1817 ; had no advan tages for an education, except those obtained in the common schools of that State, from two to three months in the winter ; left home on foot shortly after he was 21 years of age, with his entire outfit and assets tied up in a cotton handkerchief; went to Boston, and worked on a farm and in a brickyard in the 754 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. vicinity until late in the fall, when he started for Illinois with a young man by the name of Drake; arriving at Buffalo, N. Y, they disagreed as to the route they should go, and separated. Mr. Bailey stopped in Geauga county, Ohio, and taught school during the winter; early in the spring he traveled to the Ohio river and took deck passage to Cincinnati ; thence to St. Louis and up to Quincy, arriving in the latter city March 20, 1840 ; walked out to Columbus, then a flour ishing village, and secured a school two miles west of the now village of Camp Point; taught school five years in Camp Point, Fall Creek, Ursa, and Concord ; pur chased the place on which he now resides in the fall of 1843 ; in 1 845 he married Rebecca Seaton, and settled on his place the same year. Mr. Bailey has been identified, to some extent, in the improvement of the vil lage of Camp Point ; in 1855 he laid off a part of the town, and built several houses and stores; erected the foundry and machine shop ; was one of four who built the Casco flouring mill ; has been engaged in farming, merchandise and banking. In the winter of 1873, in connection with G. W. Cyrus, Esq, he purchased the material of the Enterprise, and commenced the publication of the Gamp Point Journal. He disposed of his interest to Mr. Cyrus in the summer of 1876. In 1850 Mr. Bailey was elected the first Supervisor, and held the office four years ; in 1876-8 was Chairman of the Board and one of the Build ing Committee of the new Court House ; in 1858 Mr. Bailey was elected Justice of the Peace, and has continuously held the office until the present time. Baird Arthur, laborer; P. 0. Camp Point. Ba'rd C. W, laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Bair 1 J. H, laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Baird J. B, laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Bartells G. C, druggist; P. O. Camp Point. RATES FRANCIS H., engineer, residence Camp Point: was born in Boone County, Ky, May 15, 1839. His parents were Horace and Mary (Carpenter) Bates. They removed to Brown county, 111, when the subject of this sketch was eight years old. His father being a carpenter, he learned the trade in youth, and worked at it for a number of years ; then took up mechanical engineering, and has pursued that business for twelve years, nine years as engineer of the Eagle Mills of Camp Point. He en listed in August, 1862, in Co. I, 84th 111. Inf., as Corporal of the company ; was mustered out in January, 1863. He married Mary J. Scott, daughter of William Scott, of Camp Point, Oct. 31, 1861. She was born in Clay ton, Adams county, March 18, 1843. Have had four children, two living: Frances May, born March 23, 1866, and William Nelson born Oct, 29, 1869. He is a member of the I. O. 0. F. ; has held some local offices ; owns a house and two lots in Camp Point. RATES THOMAS J., farmer; Sec. 20; P. O. Camp Point; owns 410 acres of land; was born in Morgan county, 111., Feb. 21, 1833 ; came to this county with Ms parents in April, 1847; was married to Lenora Willson, of Hancock county, 111, Nov. 6, 1859. They have seven children: Melgar M. (deceased), John E, Henson E, Henry M, Carrie, Nora, and Mary. Mr. Bates was elected Supervisor four years, and resigned the office in 1874 on account of being elected to the State Legislature, serv. ing two years. His wife is a member of the Christian church. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. RATSCHY CASPER, builder and lumber dealer, residence Camp Point ; is the son of John and Veronica Batschy, natives of Switzerland, in which country he was born, on the 6th of July, 1824. He remained there until thirty-two years of age, when he came to America. He learned the carpen ters' trade of his father when young, but was chiefly engaged in farming and teaching school. In that country the teachers are examined by state officials, and the success ful applicants are awarded diplomas; Mr. Batschy still retains his. He was married to Barbara Bernhart, Oct. 29, 1848. They have two children, Veronica and Dora Emma. On arriving in this country, Mr. Batschy settled in Washington City for a short time; then came to Quincy, where he remainedi working at his trade for a year, after which he removed to Camp Point in July, 1857. He continued in the building business, and in 1861 he entered into partnership with D. E. Liggett, with whom he is still associ ated. In 1865 he made a visit to Switzer land, which consumed about a year. The firm of Liggett & Batschy is the oldest CAMP POINT DIRECTORY. 755 business firm in the place, and has taken the lead in the building business for years ; they have the only lumber yard in the town. Mr. Batschy owns 100 acres of improved land in Honey Creek township, worth $45 per acre, and residence and three lots in the village of Camp Point. He is a member of both the Masonic and Odd Fellows' Orders. Banman John, wagon maker; P. O. Camp Point. RAUGHMAN SAMUEL K., postal clerk of railway mail service ; resi dence, Camp' Point; is the son of George and Sarah Baughman, of Baltimore county, Md. They came to Quincy in 1836, where the subject of this sketch was born, Jan. 21, 1843, and has been a resident of the county all his life. He learned the carpenters' trade in youth. The day following the fall of Fort Sumter, April 15, 1861, be enlisted in Co. C, 10th Regt. 111. Inf. (the first com pany raised in the state). He went into the service as a private; was promoted to 2d Lieutenant, in May, 1863, and to 1st Lieutenant, in September, 1864; was ap pointed to duty as AdjutantGeneral, and served on Brig.-Gen. Tillson's staff during the last year of the war. He was wounded by a piece of shell, in the shoulder, at the battle of Kenesaw mountain, June 27, 1864. On the 13th of February, 1865, he received a scalp wound, while in charge of the skir mish line, when fording the Salkiehatchie river ; was mustered out of service, July 11, 1865, after which he engaged in the mercan tile business, for two years, in La Prairie ; was burned out, losing everything. He wa3' appointed to the Postal service in January, 1870, on the Wabash Railway, from Quincy to Lafayette, Ind. For six years since, he has run on the C, B. & Q, from Galesburg to Quincy. He was married Dec. 10, 1867, to Louvina Simpson, who was bom in Adams county. They have three children : Charles O, Cora A, and Katie. He is a member of the I. O. O. F, and M. E. church. Beckett Elizabeth ; sec. 14 ; P. O. Camp Point. RECKETT GEORGE R., farmer; Sec. 14; P. O. Camp Point; was born in Camp Point township, May 21, 1849. His parents were Joseph and Elizabeth F. (Todd) Beckett. Mr. Joseph Beckett was born in Clark county, Ind, where he mar ried Miss Todd, Feb. 9, 1837. Two years later they came to Adams county, 111., and to the farm where George and his mother now live in 1841. They had a family of six children, four of whom are living: William T, Mary A. (now Mrs. Thomas), Joseph A, and George R. James Marion Beckett lost his life in the war of the rebellion, being mortally wounded at the battle of Benton ville, March 19, 1865 ; died March 27, 1865 ; was Corporal in the 78th Regt. 111. Inf. William T, a member of the same com pany, was wounded at the battle of Atlanta, being shot through the wrist and thigh. Mr. Beckett, Sr. carried on coopering quite extensively; also, farming for many years. He died, Oct. 19, 1878. George R. Beckett married Miss Mary S. Taylor, April 1, 1870, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Tay lor. She was born iu York county, Penn, Jan. 8, 1851; had three children, one living, Lola F, born Feb. 11, 1871 (died Jan. 24, 1876) ; Frank P, born April 26, 1876 (died Nov. 2, 1878) ; Edith A, born Sept. 24, 1878. He owns 125 acres of improved land, in Schuyler county, III, worth $35 per acre, and sixty acres in Camp Point, worth $45 per acre. Mrs. Beckett owns forty-five acres, worth the same. Beckett James, farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Ca-np Point. Beer Andrew, farmer; sec. 11 ; P. O. Camp Point. Beer Samuel, farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Camp Point. Behan John, laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Belden Lucinda; P. O. Camp Point. Bennett C. S. farmer ; sec. 21 ; P.O. Camp Point. RLACKMAN R. L„ agent at Camp Point for the C, B. & Q. R. R. ; is the son of Spalding and Caroline (Morgan) Blackman, natives of New York. He was born in that state, July 5, 1848. He spent his early life, and was educated in the schools of the Empire State. He engaged in the mercantile business for three years, in Caledonia, N. Y.; began telegraphing in 1869 ; was operator on the Lake Shore Railroad for three years ; came from there to his present position, at Camp Point, in May, 1873. He was married November 16, 1873, to Miss Dora Sisson, who was born in St. Louis, Mo, July 9, 1855. The union re sulted in two children, Frederick Wm, born Sept. 28, 1875, and Frankie, born July 9 1877. He owns a house and lot in Camp Point. Republican. Bobbitt Ella R. P. O. Camp Point. Boger Fred, merchant; P. O. Camp Point. Booth Francis, retired; P. O. Camp Point. 75li HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Bottorff J. A. farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Keokuk June. Bottorff T. F. farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Keokuk June. Bottorff Wm. retired; P. 0. Camp Point. Brady Patrick, laborer ; P. O. Camp Point. BREWER ELIZABETH, res idence, Camp Point; is the daughter of Cornelius and Magdaline Demaree (Bircaw), of Adams county, Penn. She was born in same county, May 26, 1814. Her parents moved to Warren county, Ohio, when she was four years of age, where she spent her early life ; was married to Peter Brewer, June 7, 1831. He was bora in Mercer county, Ky, July 2, 1802 ; died Jan. 16, 1863. They had eleven children, seven living : Stephen V, John C, Christian, Phcebe J, Mary E, David W, and Lorie. Those dead are: Cornelius, Joseph H, Peter D, and Olive. Mrs. B. removed to Camp Point in 1868. She owns three houses and lots in that vil lage. She is a member of the Presbyterian church. Brooke J. Q. farmer: sec. 32; P. O. CoatBburg. Bryant Josephine, P. O. Camp Point. Campbell 6. S. blacksmith; P. O. Camp Point. Cannon M. W. teamBter; P. O. (Jamp Point. Castle Margaret. P. O Camp Point. Cactle E. W. laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Chandler Amelia, sec. 31 ; P. O. Coatsburg. Cha.-e D. W. farmer; P. O. Camp Point. Cha«e M. C. merchant; P. O. Camp Point. Childe C. L. teacher; P. O. Camp Point. CbildsD. T. farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Camp Point. Chile's H. W. carpenter; P. O. Camp Point. CHRISTIAN JOHN, residence, Camp Point; is the son of John and Malinda (Bradley) Christian, of Virginia. He was born in that state, in 1839. His parents removed to Jefferson county, Iowa, in 1840, and three years later to Van Buren county. The Indians were about them, and one of the earliest incidents he remembers, is ;i visit of a squaw to the house on baking-day, and asking his mother in her broken accent, and by signs, to bake the dough she was/ preparing, and divide with her. After he became of age, he, with several young men, took a trip to Kansas, prospecting for homes. Being there when the War of the Rebellion broke out, he enlisted, on the 23d of Apiil, 1863, in Co. A- 12th Regt. Kan. Inf, Col. Adams commanding. His regiment was assigned to service in Kansas and Missouri. He, with ten comrades, witnessed the burn ing of Lawrence, and the massacre of its inhabitants at dawn, Aug. 16, 1863, by Quantrill's guerrillas, they being on the op posite bank of the river at the time. Quan- trill, whose real name was Charles Hart, ( had been a school teacher in the vicinity, and made his home at one of the hotels in Lawrence. The Lieutenant commanding their squad, having staid over in town the previous night, was surprised and captured, but effected his escape by leaping a high fence, with nothing on but the clothing in which he slept. Mr. C. being the first up ia the morning, aroused his comrades, and by the use of their Enfield rifles, saved two residences from the incendiary's torches. Mr. C. was discharged because of the loss of his eyesight, March 28, 1865. He re turned to Iowa, where he married Mrs. Lizzie (Gibb) Bell, June 19, 1872. She was born in Montreal, Canada, March 28, 1837, and brought up in New York City. She first married Henry N. Bell, who died, leaving four children : Margaret J, Emma E, Walter S, and William N. Mr. and Mrs. C. have one child, John Lawrence, born May 12, 1870. They came to Camp Point in 1875. They own a house and lot in the village, and one in Iowa. They are members of the Christian church. Christie J. B. retired; P. O. Camp Point. Coffield John, farmer; sec. 6 ; P. O. Camp Point. Colwell Catherine, P. O. Camp Point. Colwell J. W. wagon maker; P. O. Camp Point. Collier G. S. laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Cooper Wm. farmer; sec. 4; P. O. Camp Point. COX JOHN C, farmer; Sec. 16; is the only living son of a family of six chil dren that lived to adult age, of George W., and Elvira (Crawford; Cox, the father a native of Virginia, the mother of Kentucky. They were married in the latter state and removed to Illinois, and settled in Honey Creek town ship, Adams county, where John was born Jan. 4, 1838., He was reared on a farm; learned the trade of house carpenter and fol lowed that business for fourteen years. He served the Government during the war of the rebellion as a member of Co. L, 2d Regt. 111. Cav. He entered the army Aug. 11, 1861, as Corporal ; was mustered out, Aug. 11, 1864, as Sergeant ; was married in September, 1863, while home on a furlough, to Lucy J. Miller, born in Hancock county, 111, Sept. 2, 1845. CAMP POINT DIRECTORY. 757 They have had two children, one living, George E, born Oct. 1, 1871, and William M, born April 15, 1873, died Feb. 18, 1876. In 1871 and 1872 Mr. Cox was engaged in express business, in the employ of the Amer ican and United States Express Companys. He was Constable in 1865 and Collector in 1876, of Camp Point township. Craig A. D. laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Cram Henry, farmer; fee. 18; P. O. Coatsburg. Craver M. D. L. tailor; P. O. Camp Point. CRII'PIN SAMUEL L., farmer and stock raiser ; Sec. 33 ; P. O. Camp Point ; born in Accomac county, Va, in 1833 ; came to this county with his parents, July 4, 1843, and located in Gilmer township. Mr. Crip- pen, at the age of twenty-one years, went to Quincy, and learned the carpenters trade, and followed it eight years ; was married in Au gust, 1857, to Miss Nancy Wilks, daughter of Daniel and Jane Wilks, after which he en gaged again in farm pursuits. Have six children, three boys: Nye, Daniel Wilks, and John Prince ; three girls : Mary Eleanor, Eliza Jane, Rosana Lippencott. Mr. Crip- pen is a successful stock breeder, and dealer in horses of the Hambletonian imported, Royal George and Messenger crosses, form ing a compound of bloods, muscle and bone, for lastitude and strength surpassed by none ; also of the imported French Norman and Royal George crosses, that are of a superior quality as draft horses, with good action and style; has cattle of the best imported short-horn families ; Poland china hogs ex celled by none ; South Down sheep as pure and good as can be found east or west. All of the above stock have never failed to carry off their share of premiums at the various fairs through Illinois, Iowa and Missouri. He has stock in the Adams County Fair As sociation. He is a member of the Christian church ; belongs to the I. O. O. F, and is proud to say that hs is a live Republican. He established a principle to live for the good of his fellow man, and is one of those pushing, fearless kind who dares to do right. The place on which he resides is known as Hickory Orchard Stock Farm. He owns 780 acres of land in Adams and Hancock countys, 111, that is worth on an average $38 per acre. Cross James, farmer; P.O. Camp Point. CUMMINS REN J AMIN, farmer; Sec. 36; P. 0. Camp Point; was born in Clark county, Ky, Feb. 14, 1828. He sprang from southern parentage, George W. Cum mins, his sire, having been born in Virginia, and brought up in Kentucky from the age of one year. His mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Ferris, was born in the latter state. They removed to Hendricks county, Ind, where Benjamin remained until 1859. In October, same year, he re moved to Camp Point township, Adams county. When the call was made for volun teers for the war with Mexico, he enlisted in the 1st Indiana regiment, in 1846; served not quite a year when he was discharged for disability, from the hospital at Point Isabel. After regaining health, he re-enlisted, but the war ended before he reached the field. He was married Dec. 30, 1852 to Catherine C. Parrish, of Kentucky. Th< y have six chil dren : Barnett P, Ida, Maggie, Laura, Ira B, and Thomas Bailey. From 1848 to 1859, Mr. Cummins worked at mechanical engi neering, in Indiana. He is an Odd Fellow ; was the organizer of the Encampment in Camp Point. He owns 167 acres of land, worth $40 per acre. Curl David, retired; P. O. Camp Point. Curless Samuel, constable ; P. O. Camp Point. CURTIS ELAM B., merchant; Camp Point ; was born in Onondaga county. New York, Jan. 10, 1818. He was educated at Monroe Academy, Eldridge, N. Y. He came with his parents to Illinois and settled at Woodville, Adams county, at the age of eighteen years. He spent several years in teaching school and farming while there. He removed thence to Columbus where he remained five years, and was engaged in the mercantile business in the employ of F. Col lins; came to Camp Point and embarked in merchandising on his own account, in 1854. He was first married, Feb. 2, 1842 to Nancy Carrol, who was born in Ohio. She died in 1855, leaving one son, Warren C, born Feb. 15, 1843. He died Sept 11, 1868. Mr. Cummins was married again to Ann M. (Clark) Carroll, in November 1857. He and wife are members of the Presbyterian church in Camp Point, of which he is elder, and one of the original organizers. He owns a house, store, and two lots in Camp Point. CYRUS GEORGE W., publisher of the Camp Point Journal; was born in 758 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Houston township, Adams county, 111, March 15, 1842, being the .third son of Henry A- Cyrus, and Athaliah G. Ruddell. His father died in 1847, leaving his widow the care of five children, the oldest being ten. His mother struggled heroically to rear her fam ily and pay the debt on the farm, which she eventually accomplished, and has the satis faction of knowing that her children all became respectable members of society. In the spring of 1858, George went west and remained at Kansas City until the breaking out of the rebellion, earning his living and valuable experience by daily labor. During 1861, he returned to Illinois and engaged in teaching school and farming ; was married Sept. 22, 1863 to Emily C. Strickler, of Houston township, In 1867 he moved to Camp Point, where he entered the drug and stationary trade, first as a member of the firm of Sawyer & Cyrus, then Strickler & Cyrus, Cyrus & Gay, and Cyrus & Bailey. He was the Republican candidate for Circuit Clerk in 1868, but was defeated by John W. Moorehead, the county being Democratic by 800 majority. In April, 1869, he received the appointment of Postmaster at Camp Point, which position he continues to hold. January, 1873, in connection with Thomas Bailey, he purchased the material of the defunct Enterprise newspaper office and established the Camp Point Journal, of which he is now sole proprietor. He has been prominent in Masonic circles, having served as Master of Benjamin Lodge, No. 297, for five years, and for several years an officer of the Grand Lodge, and member of committies. His family consists of his wife and two daughters. Davis George, laborer; P. O. Camp Point. David Thos. farmer; sec 9; P. O. Camp Point. Dehaven J. farmer; sec. 21 ; P. O. Camp Point. Denny Robert, laborer; P. O. Camp Point, DEWEY LORENZO DOW, mil ler; residence, Camp Point; is the son of Russel and Elizabeth (Meeks) Dewey. His father was a native of New York. His mother, of Lancaster county, Pa. They were married in Lancaster county, Ohio. Lo renzo Dow was born in Chautauqua county, N. Y, on the 13th of August, 1827 ; Russell Dewey was a miller by trade, and a clergyman in the M. E. church. He was an intimate friend of the celebrated itinerent preacher Lorenzo Dow, for whom the subject of this sketch was named. Rev. Dow appreciated the honor, and presented liis namesake with nve sheep, which he, Mr.Dow, put in the hands of a farmer, to be kept by him for the benefit of young Dewey, the number to be doubled every three years. The farmer becoming tired of the contract, the sheep were turned over to Dewey, Sr, who had* charge of his son's flock until he at tained the age of nineteen years, when they completed an arrangement by which the father paid the son $350 in cash, and gave two years of his time for his interest in the sheep, and young Dewey came west, to Ohio, where he remained two years. From there he removed to Adams county, 111, in 1848, under an engagement to complete and take charge of the Fletcher Mill, then partly built, on Bear Creek, in Honey Creek town ship. He ran this mill for fifteen years, a portion of the time was sole owner. He re moved from there to the city of Quincy, where he lived two years, dealing in grain. He then purchased a farm in Mendon, and removing thence conducted that business for years. He came from the farm to take charge of the Casco Mills in Camp Point, a position he still holds. He was married, Feb. 28, 1847, to Amanda Fletcher, who was born in Clermont county, Ohio, April 14, 1827. The union has resulted in six chil dren, four living: William F, Alvin A., Jessie Bell, and Arthur Elmer. Mr. Dewey is a Master Mason in the Order, and is vice- President in the Blue Ribbon Club of Camp Point ; was at one time Collector. He owns 120 acres of land, highly improved, in Columbus township; 141- acres in Honey Creek township, worth $50 per acre, and a fine house and four lots, which cost over $5,000 in the village of Camp Point ; was Collector one term in Honey Creek township. Downing Elizabeth ; P. O. Camp Point. Downing E.C. farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Camp Point. DOWNING GEORGE Y., mer chant; residence, Camp Point; is the son of Ebon C. and Elizabeth (Robertson) Down ing; was born in Camp Point township, Adams county, Dec. 8, 1851 ; is the second of five living children. He was reared on a farm, and engaged in agriculture until CAMP POINT DIRECTORY. 759 within the past three years, during which he has been }n the mercantile business in the store of Oliver & Son. Nov. 7, 1876, he married Alma E. Oliver, daughter of Wil liam L, and Zerilda E. (McClarey) Oliver, now residing in Camp Point. Alma was born in Kentucky, Nov. 19, 1854. Mr. Downing is a member of the I. 0. O. F, and of the M. E. church. His wife ot the Presbyterian church. They own a residence and lot in the village. Downing J. E. farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Camp Point. Downing Rezin, farmer; sec. 10; P. O. CampPoiut. Downing Wm. farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Camp Point. Drally Henry, farmer ; ssc. 30; P.O. Coatsburg. Dnrbin LouiBa, P. 0. Camp Point. Earl J. J. carpenter; P. O. Camp Point. Earel A. B. farmer; sec. 36; P.O. Camp Point. EASUM CHARLES A., farmer; Sec. 24 ; P. O. Camp Point ; is the oldest of ten children of William and Catharine (Tyler) Easum. His father was born in Maryland, mother in Jefferson county, Ky. They were very large in stature. Her grand father weighed over 400 pounds in moderate flesh. She weighed 260, and has a daughter who turns the balance at 230 pounds. The subject of this sketch was born in Jefferson county, Ky, Oct. 3, 1826. Ten years later his parents came to Adams county, 111. His father is said to have built the first school- house in the county, outside of Quincy. Mr. Easum came from Liberty township to Camp Point township, his present residence, in the fall of 1847. He was first married, Dec. 12, 1850, to Eliza McFarland, who died the 20th of the same month. He was married again, Oct.31, 1853,to Prudence Castle, born in Green county, 111. They have four children : Re becca A, Emma, Nellie B, and Samuel. Mr. Easum is a member of the Masonic Fraternity. He owns eighty acres of im proved land in Camp Point township, worth $50 per acre, and twenty acres of timber in Columbus township, worth $10 per acre. Englehart S. farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Coatsburg. Ensminger F. laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Ensminger Henry, laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Ensminger Jane, P. O. Camp Point. Erdman Henry, farmer: sec. 19; P. O.Camp Point. Erdman S. A. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Camp Point. ERDSIEK HENRY, farmer; Sec. 22 ; - P. O. Camp Point. He was born in Prussia, Nov. 25, 1835; was brought up on a farm and he has always followed that occu pation. He was married to Hannah Weis- mun in 1863, a native of Prussia. They emi grated to America in 1866 and settled in Adams county, 111, April 30, same year, where they have since lived- Their union has resulted in one child, Fred, born .Jan. 26, 1864. His real estate consists of twenty- six acres of land in Sec. 22, Camp Point township, worth $30 per acre. Mr. Erdsiek has held some local offices in the township. Ertel John, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Camp Point. Farlow Samuel, stock dealer; P. O. Camp Point. Farlow Verlinda, P. O. Camp Point. Fellsman Lewis, farmer; sec. 32; P. O. Coatsburg. Fessler Wm. farmer; sec. 19; P. O. Coatsburg. Folckemer Henry, merchant; P. O. Camp Point. Folckemer O. E. merchant; P. O. Camp Point. FRANCIS JOHN H., Sec. 27; P. O. Camp Point. He was born in Steven son county, Ala, April 22, 1827. He is the. son of William and Sarah (Martin) Francis, of Kentucky. His father died the same year, leaving his mother with six children and very little property, except a team and wagon. She gave one horse and the wagon to her uncle for moving her to Kentucky, in 1827. The next year she removed to Putnam county, Ind, where she married again. In October, 1842, he came to Quincy. Being then 15 years old, and having a strong- desire for obtaining an education, he worked mornings and evenings and attended school until he was 22 years of age. His eyes then failed and he was obliged to abandon study; spent a year traveling as a salesman, after which he contracted with a Mr. McQuarter to assist him across the plains to California, and besides to pay him $100 for taking him through. He was gone twenty-five months, and returned to Quincy in May, 1^52. In April, 1855, went to Nebraska, and settled in Fontenelle ; ' spent four years in farming ; then freighted from Omaha to Denver tor several years; returned to Moline in 1862. He went into the army as suttler for three years ; returned in June, 1865, and went into the livery business and merchandising for four years. He then sold out and came to Camp Point ; entered into partnership with E. B. Curtis in the mercantile business; 760 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. after three years he sold out and again went into a livery. Soon after he purchased the farm where he now lives, and sold out and removed to it in April, 1874. He was mar ried June 6, 1852, to Maria Curtis, born in Onondaga county, N. Y, in 1832, and came to Adams county when four years old. They have had five children, two living: James T, now living in Moline, and Maiy, at home. Mr. Francis is a member of the Ma sonic and Odd Fellows' Orders, also a Sir Knight. He owns a ninety acre farm con tiguous to the village of Camp Point, worth $65 per acre. FRANCIS SAMUEL, proprietor Adams House, Camp Point ; (son of Vincent and Amelia Francis of Bedfordshire, Eng land); he was born in that place, Oct. 21st, 1817, remained there until he was thirty years of age, learned the shoemakers' trade, and pursued it until he came to America, in 1848, and for some years after. On arriving in this country, settled in Adams county, 111, came to Camp Point in 1856. He pur chased the Adams House in 1861, has been proprietor since, except a year and a half. Married Mary Ann Cox, (daughter of George W. and Alvira Cox), December, 1850. She was born in Adams county, near Quincy, March 18, 1831. Three children: Sarah C, born Sept. 7, 1851, ; George W, Feb. 2, 1853, John T, Dec. 27, 1855. The Adams House is a two story brick structure, 56x56 feet, contains twenty-four rooms, centrally lo cated and well conducted. Frost John, farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Coatsburg. G Garlet David, farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Camp Point. Garrett A. A. farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Camp Point. GARRETT ELIZABETH, residence Camp Point; is the widow of Peter Booth Garrett, who was the son of Si las and Judith (Booth) of Virginia. He was born in that state Nov. 3, 1809, went from there to Kentucky, where he was married to Elizabeth Welsh, daughter of Robert and Mary (Guthrie) Welsh, who was bom in Jefferson county of that State, April 30, 1813. They were married Feb. 16, 1832. They re moved to Camp Point, Adams county, 111, in 1835; settled in the midst of the unbro ken prairie and laid the foundation for the future pleasant home, in which they were to spend the rest of their earthly career to gether. They had eleven children, ten of whom are living ; Silas, born April 20, 1833 ; MaryW, born April 11,1835; Robert W, born March 24, 1837 ; Richard S, born Aug. 25, 1838 ; Susanah H, born Oct. 29, 1840 ; Sarah E, bom Dec. 12, 1842; Judith E, born July 10, 1846 ; George W, born Dec. 24, 1847; Christopher B, born July 28, 1849; John H, born Dec. 14, 1850; Alvira A, born March 16, 1856. Mr. G. was a man of more than ordinary character and intelligence; served the people of Adams county in the General Assembly of 111, in 1842 and 1843; was an elder in the Christian church at the time of his death, which occurred Jan. 18, 1865. Richard was killed Oct. 17, 1862, in the army, near Island No. 10, while in pursuit of guerrillas. He was a Corporal in Co. L. 2d 111. Cavalry. Mrs. G's children are all married, and she has thirty-six grand children. She owns 200 acres of the old homestead, worth $55 per acre. Is a mem ber of the Christian church. Garrett G. W. farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Camp Point. Garrett J. H. merchant; P. O. Camp Point. Garrett R W. merchant; P. O. Camp Point. GAY MRS. ACHSA B., Sec. 9; P. O. Camp Point ; is the widow of Vixen B. Gay. and daughter of William and Welthy (Makepeace) Blakeslee. Her father was born in Connecticut, her mother in Massachusetts, and are still living, in Quincy. Mrs. Gay was born in Cataraugus Co, N. Y, Aug. 30, 1823. Her parents removed to Ohio when she was but three years of age; seven years later to Missouri, and in 1836 to Adams Co., 111. ; settled in Quincy, where she lived nineteen years. She married Mr. Gay, June 3, 1855, and removed to the farm where she now lives. Mr. Gay was born of English parentage in Muskingum Co, Ohio, July 31, 1814. He came to Illinois and settled in Camp Point township. Two children : Wil liam H. and Welthy M. Gay. Mr. Gay had three children by a former marriage: Albert P, Charles V, and Sophronia A. McGill. Mr. G. died Sept. 19, 1877. Mrs. G. owns 160 acres (100 improved) of land in Camp Point township, worth $35 per acre. Gay Chas. V. farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Camp Point. Gay Wm.H. farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Camp Point. tjilah pAMP POINT KUINOTON TOWNSHIP C/SH***-. d,< CAMP POINT TOWNSHIP HOUSTON TOWNSHIP WNSMIP ^ CAMP POINT DIRECTORY. 761 GREENHALGH WILLIAM, house painter and decorator, Camp Point ; was born in Lancashire England, Feb. 15, 1818. His parents were James and Hannah (King) Greenhalgh. He emigrated to Ameri ca in the Spring of 1842, and settled in Schuyler Co, 111, where he engaged in selling dry goods in Rushville, seven years ; then turned his attention to farming for six years. He removed to Camp Point in 1855, and again embarked in merchandising in company with his brother until 1859, when he sold out and hired as salesman in the store of Silas Bailey, and afterward in the employ of Mr. Sawyer till 1870. Since that he has been engaged in house painting and decorating. He was married in April, 1850, to Eliza Cole, who was born ni Kentucky. Five children, three living: Hannah. Nevada, and Edgar. He is now Collector for Camp Point township. He owns a fine residence and four lots in the village. GrooRie Wm. farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Camp Point. Grunv George, merchant; P. O. Camp Point. GUENTHER LOUIS, farmer; Sec. 20; P. O. Coatsburg; is the son of Charles and Justina (Renschel), of Ger many, where they were married, and lived until after Louis was born, on April 5, 1847, They came to America when he was 6 years of age, via New Orleans, where they stopped six months ; then came up the Mississippi to Quincy, and settled in Honey Creek township, where his father now lives. Louis is the youngest of six children, and has alwaj-s followed farming. He married Caroline Girky, April 4, 1869, who was born in Adams county. She died July 26, 1870. He married Susan Hochgraver, a native of Adams county, Oct. 26, 1871. They have had three children, two living: Simon Ed mond, born July 12, 1874, and Clara May, born March 22, 1877. H Haley C. bricklayer; P. O. Camp Point. Halej Jane, P. O. Camp Point. Hagerty J. T. merchant; P. O. Camp Point. Habn Hiram S. brick maker; P. 0. Camp Point. H ILL CHARLES R., engineer; residence, Camp Point ; is the son of George and Adel (Baker) Hall, of Maine. He was born in Alfred, in that state, Oct. 13, 1838. His parents emigrated to Michigan, in his infancy, where he lived till 1861. He learned mechanical engineering, and has always followed it. When the War of the Rebellion broke out he enlisted May 1, 1861, in Co. E, 16th Regt. 111. Inf., was the seventh man who enlisted in Brown county; was pro moted to Sergeant in the fall of 1863. He received two wounds, in the hand and thigh, by the explosion of a shell on a gunboat at Vicksburg, in December, 1864, He married Harriet R. Lindsey, March 2, 1865, of Brown county, 111. They removed to Camp Point, in January, 1876, since which time he has run the engine at the Casco Mills. He is a member of the Order of Odd Fellows and Encampment. He owns a house and lot in Camp Point, and a house and lot in Clayton. HALL PROF. SAMUEL F., residence, Sec. 27; P. O. Camp Point; was born in the city of Oswego, N. Y, on the 14th of November, 1838. He is the third of a family of five sons and six daughters. His parents were John Hall and Elizabeth (Maxwell) Hall, both born in Ire land, but reared in America, their parents having emigrated to this country when they were quite young. John Hall's parents settled in New York, where he still lives, and engaged in farming. Elizabeth Max well's parents settled in Canada, where she was living, when John having gone there for a time, formed her acquaintance, and married her. They settled in Livingston county, N. Y. ; but soon removed to Oswego. After the subject of this sketch was born they re turned to Livingston county, where his childhood years were spent on a farm. His mother died when he was 12 years old, and the home was broken up, and he worked about among the farmers in summer, and attended the district schools of the neghbor- hood in winter. At the age of 17 an aspi ration was awakened in his mind for a more extended education than these rural schools afforded, and he resolved to go Nunda Academy for the purpose of fitting himself for teaching. When he reached the place his entire capital was $1 50, and no books with which to prosecute his studies. He went to the professor and stated the situation. He kindly offered to loan him books, and to wait for the tuition till be could earn the money to pay it. He entered school and 762 HISTORl OF ADAMS COUNTY. cast about to find employment for leisure hours, by which to earn a living. He found people willing to encourage him in his efforts to acquire knowledge, by giving him jobs of sawing wood, and spading gardens. By the close of the term he had earned suffi cient to defray current expenses, and pay tuition. He then taught a term, and thereafter alternated from student to teacher until he finished the academ ic course; but in the mean time that institution had burned, and he finished at Danville, under the tutorage of Dr. Seager, ex-President of Genessee College. Mr. Hall taught five years in his native State, and then came to Illinois and settled in Prince ton in March, 1863. The second school he taught he took it on condition that if he succeeded in governing it he was to receive $40 per month, and, if he failed, he was to get nothing, — it being a notoriously bad school. The ruling price then was from $15 to $20 per month. He taught it that year and the next. While engaged in his chosen vocation he became acquainted with Arte misia Burroughs, daughter of Jefferson and Ziltha (Manchester) Burroughs, who was born in Wyoming county, N. Y, Sept. 13, 1841. She was a teacher, and is a lady of superior culture and amiability of character. Their friendship ripened into love, and they were married Sept. 8, 1861. They removed to Princeton, Bureau county, 111, the next spring after their marriage; they both en gaged as teachers in the schools of that place the following fall— he as principal, she as assistant — and retained their positions foi five years. During these years the schools were visited by many of the leading edu cators of the country, and pronounced among the very best. On the eve of the completion of the Maple wood High School building, at Camp Point (erected»at a cost of about $30,000), through the recommendation of Prof. W. H. V. Ray mond the local Board wrote to Mr. Hall, and entered into negotiations which resulted in his coming to that place and taking charge of their schools. He organized the schools upon the plan of a thorough graded system. The school grew rapidly in numbers and popularity under his efficient management, until now, in the tenth year of his superin- tendency, it ranks among the very first in the State, and has had as high as 500 pupils en rolled. He took charge of it in October 1867. At the end of five years he resigned his position and was chosen Superintend ent of the Payson school, which position he held for two years, when, at the solicitation of the School Board of Camp Point, he re turned to his former charge there. His pro ficiency as a disciplinarian and instructor is spoken of by leading educators in terms of the highest commendation. Their marital union has resulted in seven children; six living: Louis A, born Nov. 12, 1864; Nina B, born Nov. 1, 1866; Angie E, born July 12, 1869 (died Sept. 26, 1872); Maggie M, born Oct. 25, 1871 ; Edith E, born Feb. 26, 1874, S. Fred, Jr., born Oct. 7, 1875, and Bessie A, born Oct. 1, 1877. Prof. Hall was unanimously nominated by the Republican party for County Superin tendent of Schools, in 1877, which honor he peremptorily declined. He owns a nice home and eight acres of land just outside the corporate limits of the village. Hamrick F. farmer; yec. 32; P. O. Camp Point. Hanke William, retired; P. O. Camp Puint. HARRINGTON ALFRED L., farmer; Sec. 36; P. O. Camp Point; is the youngest of eleven children of Brooks and Betsy (Hazen) Harrington, natives of Con necticut. He was born in Jefferson county, N. Y, Nov. 27, 1824. His father died when he was eighteen months old. His mother came to Illinois, and settled near Mendon, Adams county; she afterwards moved to the north part of the county, and finally broke up housekeeping, and he lived for a time with his brother in Columbus township. He was educated at Jacksonville College, graduated in 1848, prepared for the ministry, and was installed as the pastor of the Con gregational church at Peru, La Salle county, where he preached for four years, when his health failed; and he resigned his charge and went on to a farm in that county, and remained eighteen years ; removed to Camp Point township in 1875. He was married Aug. 6, 1850, to Julia A. Collins, daughter of Frederick and Mary (Allen) Collins, who settled in Collinsville, Madison county, 111., her father's family being the founders of the town, and where she was born Dec 8, 1829. Six children : Ella W. (wife of Rev. T. D Davis), Frederick C, Lewis W, George A, Julia A, and Louise. Mr. Harrington filled the office of Supervisor in La Salle county CAMP POINT DIRECTORY. 763 one term. He owns 270 acres (200 improved) in Camp Point township, worth $50 per acre- Hart T. W. cooper ; P. O. Camp Point. Hart G. M. cooper; P. O. Camp Point. Heaton Elizabeth ; Sec. 26; P. O. Camp Point. Henry Samuel, physician ; P. O. Camp Point. Hester John, farmer; Sec. 7; P O. Camp Point. Holden E. B. laborer; P. O. Camp Point. HONNOLD MARY E., (widow of Rev. Robert Honnold), residence Camp Point, is the daughter of W. W. and Cath erine (Slabler) Norris. Her parents were natives of Baltimore county, Md, where she was born April 11, 1843. They came to Illinois, and settled in Gilmer township, Adams county. Her father still lives. She was married, March 9, 1871, to Rev. Robert Honnold, born in Lee county, Iowa, Oct. 14, 1839. He was educated at Springfield Col lege with a view to enter the legal profes sion ; taught school for some time, and then, changing his mind, studied for the ministry; was licensed to exhort by the Illinois M. E. Conference at the age of twenty, and was regularly ordained in October, 1860. His first regular pastorate was at Chatham. Failing health compelled him to abandon his chosen calling in December, 1873. His disease (cancer) gradually grew worse until July, 1876, when he died. He was first mar ried to Sarah Ernest, of Indiana, Sept. 22, 1864. She died May 9, 1870, leaving two children, Willie Lincoln and Mary. His second marriage resulted in two children, Maggie and Nellie. He enlisted in August, 1862, in Co. K, 91st 111. Inf. ; was Orderly Sergeant of the regiment; was discharged for disability at the end of three months. They removed to Camp Point in October, 1875, where Mrs. Honnold has since lived- Sue owns a residence and several lots in the village and a farm in Shelby county, 111. Huber Sol. 'aborer; P. O. Camp Point. Hunter James retired ; P. O. Camp Point. JACORS JAMES H., mail con. tractor; residence at Camp Point; is the son of Price and Mary C, (Wisehart), Jacobs of Kentucky. He was born in Jefferson county ,of that State, the 6th, day of Jan. 1831. He came to Adams county, 111, at the age of eighteen years, and settled near Columbus. He was engaged in farming until 1839. He settled in Camp Point in I860; took the contract to carry the mail from Richfield to Seehorn, and from Camp Point to Wood ville, and for conveying the mails from the depot to the post-office in the village, sev eral years ago. He was married, Jan. 11, 1853, to Mary C. Bayne, of Adams county They have had seven children, three are liv ing; George Milton, Barbara A. and Wil liam P. Mr. J. owns a dwelling and three lots in Camp Point. Johnson James sec. 29; P. O. Camp Point. Joseph J. F. laborer; P. O. Camp Poiut. K Kamp J. M. farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Camp Point. Kelley A. B. nursery and jeweler; P. O. Camp Point. Kelley EllenD. P. O. Camp Point. KEMP RHODA C, residence Camp Point ; is the third child of John and Elizabeth Ham. She was born in Caloway county, Mo, Nov. 22, 1820. When she was ten years of age her parents removed to Adams county, and settled near Quincy, and a few years later settled near Columbus. where she was married to Samuel Smith, June 24, 1843. Mr. S. was a son of John and Jane Smith, of Kentucky, where he was born Oct. 27, 1808. He was engaged in mer cantile pursuits in Columbus for a time, but chiefly farmed. They had two children, one living, Ella A. Smith. Mr. Smith died Dec. 5, 1850. Matthew Kemp, her second husband, was born in Ireland, and came to America in early life. They were married in October, 1857 ; had three children, two of whom are living, Stephen H, and Lizzie A. Kemp. They removed to Concord town ship where they lived ten years ; from there they went to Iowa and lived there until Mr. K.'s death, July 9, 1870, after which Mrs. K. remained there several years and came to Camp Point in 1875. She .has two grandchildren, of the daughter Ella Smith, deceased, George W. and Rosella Parnella. Mrs. K. owns a residence and lot in Camp Point, and a farm in Iowa. Kessler Chas. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Camp Point. Kirkpatrick A. B. retired; P. O. Camp Point. Kline J. E. farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Camp Point. Kobil Jacob, farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Camp Point. Kobil Jacob, retired; P. O. Camp Point. KOBIL MARY A., residence, Camp Point. She is tho daughter of R. 764 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. M. Hedges and Clarinda (Booth), the former a native of New York, and the latter of Kentucky. Mrs. Kobil was born in Adams county, 111, March 16, 1837. She was mar ried, March 6, 1856, to Richard Jeffrey, Jr., son of Richard and Mary A. (Black) Jeffrey. Mr. Jeffrey was born in England, and came to America in his childhood and set tled in Adams county, 111. Six children were the fruits of their union, three living : Clara J, Franklin E. and Maiy B. Mr. Jeffrey died Nov. 16, 1869. She was married again to Jacob C. Kobil, November, 1876, by whom she has one child, Stella Kobil. Mr. Kobil was born in Germany in 1815, and came to America when 20 years old. She owns a house and lot in Camp Point. Is a member of the M. E. church. Knoble Bernard, maeon; P. O. Camp Point. Laning Jas. farmer ; sec. 18; P. O. Coatsburg. Lasley J. P. larmer ; P. O. Camp Point. Lasley M. W. retired ; P. O. Camp Point. Lavelle Martin, laborer; P. O. Camp Po'.nt. Lewis S. K. farmer; sec. 25; P. O, Camp Point. LiggettD. E. carpenter; P. O. Camp Point. Linn J. F. farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Camp Point. Little Joseph, laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Livingston Benj . carpenter ; P. 0. Camp Point. Luckel Jacob, blacksmith ; P. O Camp Point. Lusk J. J. druggist; P. O. Camp Point. LYON THOMAS A., residence, Camp Point. He is the son of William S. and Eliza (Askin) Lyon, natives of Frank lin county, Pa. They resided in the town of Concord, and his father was Justice of the Peace in that place, which office he filled for thirteen years, when the subject of this sketch was born, Jan. 29, 1831. His parents moved onto a farm in 1840, where he re mained for ten years, during which time he received a good English education. He then entered a dry goods store as clerk for four years; then he began the study of dentistry in Huntingdon with E. L. Miller ; after being there two years he attended the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in 1856-7. He commenced practice in Kittan- ning, Armstrong county; remained there one year, when he located in McConnellsburg, Fulton county. He came to Clayton, Adams county, 111, in 1859, but returned to Pennsyl vania, and was married July 27, 1860, to Rebecca C. Leighty, of Center county, of that State. They came back west and set tled in Camp Point in November of that year, where the doctor has since practiced. Their marriage resulted in six children, three living: Ida E, Ella F, and John F. His wife died Oct. 13, 1871. He was married agaim March 9, 1873, to Clarissa L. Christie, born in Adams county. They have had three children, two living (twins): Emma and Edith, bom Oct. 22, 1875. Dr. Lyon is a member of the Masonic Fraternity. He and wife are members of the M. E. church, of which he is trustee and steward. Feel ing a deep interest in education he was one of the prime movers in founding the Maple wood High School at Camp Point, he being one of the local School Board during the projecting and erection of their high school building, one of the finest in the State. He was presented with a beautiful silver card receiver by the teachers and pupils of the school as a slight token of their appreciation of his services. He owns a residence and lot in Camp Point. M McAnulty Samuel, retired ; P. O. Camp Point. McBRATNEY THOMAS, far mer; Sec. 24; P. O. Camp Point; is a de- scendent of Scotch-Irish ancestry. His pa rents were John and Nancy (Montgomery) McBratney, of Ireland, in which country he was born Sept. 30, 1826. He emigrated to America at the age of seven years and came to Adams county, Illinois, where he has since lived. His mother is living in Clay ton. He was married on the 26th of April, 1855, to Margret A. Wilby; born in Ken tucky, May 25, 1834. They have three children; Georgianna, a teacher; Mary Alice, and Charlie Day. Mr. and Mrs. Bratney are members of the M. E. church. They own seventy nine acres in Camp Point township, worth $45 per acre. McCann T. J. farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Camp Point. McClintock Nancy, Bee. 15; P. O. Camp Point. McClintock Thos. retired; P. O. Camp Point. McClintock Wm. farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Keokuk Junction. McFARLAND C. C, farmer; Sec. 13 ; P. O. Camp Point ; is the oldest of four brothers and two sisters, children of Joseph H, and Amanda O. (Willard) McFarland. His father was born in Green county, Ohio CAMP POINT DIRECTORY. 765 and his mother in Tennessee. Christopher C. McFarland was born in Adams county, 111, Sept. 25, 1842, and brought up on a farm. He was married Dec. 22, 1861, to Mary J. Whitford, daughter of Thomas and Ruth (Brown) Whitford, and was born in Adams county, Sept. 16, 1842. They had three children: Ruth A, Thomas J, and Oliver E. They settled on the farm where they now live, in 1862 ; own a farm of fifty acres (improved) in Camp Point township, worth $50 per acre. Mr. McFarland makes a specialty of raising thoroughbred long- wool sheep, and fowls. McFARLAND DANIEL G., farmer; Sec. 13; P. O. Camp Point; owns 110 acres of land, probable value $6,000 ; born in this township, Sept. 26, 1834, and is the oldest man now living born in this town ship. His parents came to this township in the fall of 1832. Mr. McFarland was mar ried in July, 1855, to Martha, daughter of Arthur McFarland, of Green county, Ohio. They have five children : George R, John A, Rosa, Minnie, and Susie. Mr. and Mrs. McFarland are members of the M. E. church. McFARLAND LEWIS, retired ' farmer; Sec. 3; P. O. Camp7 Point; was born in Harrison county, Ky, in 1806. His parents moved from there to Ohio when he was two years of age, where he remained until the spring of 1831, when he came to Illinois, and located on Sec. 3, Camp Point township, where he made some im provements, then returned to Ohio, and in the fall of same year married Miss Jane Dunlap. She was born in Virginia, in 1807. She died in July, 1834. He married Margaret Sansom, in 1837. She was born in Virginia, in 1806. Have one child, Octavia, born in 1843 (now Mrs. Stewart). Mr. McFarland held the office of Justice of the Peace for thirty-six years. He came to the county in an early day, and is one of the oldest settlers in it. He has experienced many of the hardships and trials of early pioneer life. He and wife are members of the Presby terian church. Republican. Owns 290 acres of land, valued at $12,000. McGartland Wm. farmer; sec. 8; P.O. Camp Point. McGaughey W. H. farmer; P. O. Camp Point. McGinley Wm. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Coatsburg. Manard A. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Coatsburg. Manard Daniel, farmer ; sec. 8 ; P.O. Camp Point. Manard J. L. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Coatsburg. Manard Wm. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Camp Point. MARTIN EDWARD G., pottery; Camp Point ; is the son of Gale and Manila (Hayes) Martin, the former from New York, the latter from Ohio, now living in Camp Point. Edward was born in Brown county, 111, Sept. 7, 1850. He learned the potters' trade of his father, who worked at it more than fifty years, and came to Camp Point in the spring of 1877, and took charge of the pottery in that place, which was established that same year by Nathan Miller. Mr. Mil ler died in Nov, 1877, since which time Mr. Martin has had sole control of the works. He procures the clay for his ware at Bar- dolph, in McDonough county. Two tons of material per day is used; from eleven to fifteen men employed, and 10,000 gallons of crockery per month turned out, consisting of crocks, jugs and jars of all sizes, from one to twdve gallons. He supplies the local trade, and ships large quantities to Missouri and Kansas. His wife, formerly Nancy A. Miller, was the daughter of Nathan Miller, and Elenor (Enyart) Miller, was born in Ohio, whom he married Nov. 18, 1877. He had been formerly married to Malvina Sny der, of Pike county, who died leaving him one child, Lulu L. Mrs. M artin owns fifty- six acres of land in Camp Point township, worth $45 per acre, and the pottery. MELVIN THOMAS A., night telegraph operator for the C, B. & Q. R. R. at Camp Point, is the son of Jehu Jefferson and Margaret (Campbell) Melvin. His father was a native of Tennessee; his mother of Franklin county, Ohio. He was born in Fulton county, 111, Jan 16, 1854; removed with his parents to Bushnell, McDonough county, 111, in 1864, where he remained six years and attended school. He began tele graphing in 1873 ; came to Camp Point in December, 1875, and has since been em ployed in his present position. His father died in .November, 1868. His mother lives in Bushnell. He is a member of the Mason ic Order, Lodge 297. Mileham Samuel, physician; P. O. Camp Point. Miller Eleanor; P. O. Camp Point. Miller J. L. retired; P. O. Camp Point. Miles Alice, P. O. Camp Point. Mitchell Eliza, sec. 21 ; P. O. Camp Point. Moore Jas. retired ; P. O. Camp Point. Muller Henry, blacksmith; P. O. Camp Point. 766 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. N O Nevins John, retired ; P. O. Camp Point. Newman J. P. farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Coatsburg. Nicoloy Christ, farmer; sec. 29; P, O. Coatsburg. NORLE ORMOND, retired miller ; residence Camp Point ; was bom in Wayne county, N. Y, March 29, 1827. His parents were William and Elizabeth (Sherman) No ble ; father was a native of Vermont ; mother of New York. His early life was spent in Wayne county ; first business was running a stave-cutting machine and the manufacture of barrels. He came to Illinois and settled in Camp Point in the spring of 1857. He engaged in the milling business, in connec tion with the Eagle Mills, and later as one of the founders and proprietors of the Casco Mills. He was married, Dec. 11, 1850, to Harriet M. Danforth, who was born in New York, June 13, 1829. Mr. Noble has held several local offices, among them Assessor, in 1876 and 1877 ; is a member of the Ma sonic Fraternity. Mr. and Mrs. Noble have adopted and reared two children : Mary L. Alter, daughter of Charles Alter, born Jan. 2, 1855 (whom they adopted at 12 years of age, and educated at Camp Point and Ober- lin), is now teaching in Adams county ; and Mattie M. Merritt, daughter of Martin and Mary J. Merritt, born April 11, 1856, and adopted by them in 1875. Owns 100 acres of improved land in Columbus township, worth $30 per acre, and a residence and two lots in Camp Point. NEUMAN JACOB, proprietor Neuman Hotel, Camp Point, is the son of George and Catharine Newman, of Germany. He was bora in that country, Nov. 2. 1826, and came with his parents to America the next year, and settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he remained till 1840, when he came to Adams county, 111. He settled in Camp Point in 1855; was formerly a wagon and carriage manufacturer. He began keeping hotel in 1873, and purchased the Neuman Hotel two years later ; was married, Sept. 5, 1854, to Martha J. Cox. She was born in Illinois. They have had three children ; two living: William Henry, born Jan. 12, 1859, and Emma Luella, born Jan. 1, 1863. The- Neuman Hotel is centrally located ; contains nineteen rooms. It is a frame build ing, mostly erected by Mr. Neuman. Norton Eliza; P. O. Camp Point. O'Brien Jas. laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Ohnemus C. farmer; sec. 19; P. O. Coatsburg. Oliver T. L. merchant; P. O. Camp Point. OLIVER WILLIAM L., resi dence, Camp Point; was born in Lincoln county, Ky, Jan. 27, 1822. He is the son of David and Jemima (Frith) Oliver. His father was a native of North Carolina, his mother of Virginia. Mr. O- went to the tailors' trade at the age of ten years, and followed it for sixteen years, after which he turned his attention to farming for six years before leaving that State. He left there in the fall of 1854, and, after spending some time in Indiana and Missouri, he settled in Camp Point township, Adams county, 111, in 1856, and has lived in the village since the following spring. He continued in the tailoring business for a year ; then, in com pany with H. T. Keenaw, erected a ware house, and embarked in a general produce business. At the end of a year, he became sole proprietor, and combined with it the lumber trade. After two years, he formed a partnership with Silas Bailey for a year when they two, in company with Thomas Bailey and Ormand Noble, purchased a site and erected the Casco Mill, in 1865. Mr, O. bought the interests of his partners, one after another, until he became the sole owner in 1872. In 1862, he purchased a stock of- general merchandise, and has since managed that business, also, until September, 1877. He formed a partnership with L. Oliver, under the firm name of Oliver & Son. He bought the mill at Clayton in March, 1875, for $7,000, which he still owns. He also purchased a stock of groceries of Mr. Bryant, in that place, in 1877, and, adding a stock of general mer chandise, he took his son-in-law in partner ship, and the business is run UDder the firm name of Oliver & Downing. He has been engaged in dealing and shipping live stock, for the past fifteen years, heavily. He was married, Feb. 13, 1845, to Miss Zerelda E. McClarey, who was born in Kentucky, May 22, 1822. They have had eight children, six living : Mary M, Tuder L, Alma E, Clarence H, Elmer E, and Ada A.; de ceased were James D. and Wm. McCrary. Mr. O. owns eighty-nine acres of improved land in Camp Point township, twenty-one CAMP POINT DIRECTORY. 767 acres in Clayton township, and eighty acres of timber in Columbus township. Mr. 0. came to Camp Point with a yoke of cattle and a horse, and $700 in money, as the sum of his earthly possessions. He is a member of the Masons and I. O. 0. F.; also, of Chapter and Encampment, and has been an active temperance worker for nearly twenty years. Three 6f his children are married, and he has three grand children. Omer Caroline; sec. 24; P. O. Camp Point. OMER DANIEL, farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Camp Point; is the son of Jacob and Priscilla (Curry) Omer, of Jefferson county, Ky, where Daniel was born, Sept. 5, 1828. He was brought up on a farm, and has fol lowed that vocation through life. He came to Adams county, 111, in 1855, and settled on the farm where he now lives. He mar ried Delilah Hoke, who was also born in Kentucky, the daughter of Leonard and Barbra Hoke, in July, 1851. They have had seven children, five living: Robert Ayers, James Edward, Oscar Elsworth, Ellis Rous seau, and Effie May. Mr. O. owns two farms of 160 acres each (improved), worth $50 per acre, in Camp Point township, and sixty-four acres of timber land, in Columbus township, worth $25 per acre. OMER JAMES T., farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Camp Point; was born, March 8, 1848, in Union county, Ky. He is the son of Lewis S. and Susan H. (Taylor) Omer, natives of that state. His early life was spent there, till he was eighteen years old, when he came to Adams county, 111, in 1866. From 1867 to 1870, inclusive, he traveled, during which time he visited nine teen states and territories ; spent one year fighting Indians on the frontier, and, for awhile, engaged in freighting across the plains, west from Nebraska City. He re turned to Adams county in 1870, and mar ried Miss Mary J. Seaton, daughter of Ken- ner Seaton, June 5, of that year. They re moved to Kansas in 1873, remained one season, and returned to Adams county. They have four children : Kenner S, Lewis S, James S, and Frank P. Mr. O. is a member of the I. O. O. F. Owen C. J. dairy; P. O. Camp Point 49 PAR M ENTER A. V., teacher, residence Camp Point ; was born in Franklin county, N. Y, Oct. 7, 1830; came to this county in the fall of 1866; married Sarah Howell. She was born in Polk county; Tenn, June, 1837. Two children : Edajno C, Sabina L. Members of the M. E. church of Camp Point. His father was a native of Massachusetts and his mother of Vermont were married in Rutland county, Vermont. and emigrated to Franklin county, N. Y. where the subject of this sketch was born In 1834 they removed to Medina county, Ohio ; and in 1850 to Berrian county, Mich, where they both died in the fall of 1866 Mr. Parmenter enlisted in the 12th Mich Inf, Co. E; was at the battles of Pitts burg Landing ; Boliver, Tenn. ; Iuka, Mis's. Florence, Ark. ; etc. ; was mustered out at Balls Bluff, Ark, Jan. 8, 1864; re-enlisted, on Feb. 20, 1864, in Hancock Vet. Res. Corps, Co. A; was stationed at Washington most of the time, doing guard duty ; was in the service four years, for which he has two honorable discharges; taught school most of the time since he was twenty-two years of Parr Sam. sec. 32; P. O. Camp Point. Perf ater G. S. blacksmith ; P. O. Camp Point. Pierce William, farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Camp Point. PileB Sarah, P.O. Camp Point. Pond George O. retired physician; P.O. Camp Point. Pratt Z. S. clerk; P. O. Camp Point. Prcttyman Isaac, laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Prettyman John, shoemaker; P. O. Camp Point. Prettyman J. R. shoemaker; P. O. Camp Point. R Rainier Hiram, farmer; P. O. Camp Point. REDDING DAVID A., butcher, residence Camp Point; is the son of James and Fanny Redding, of Hamilton county, Ohio, where he was born, Feb. 14, 1845. He lived there until he was twelve years old. His father having died four years before, his mother removed to Stark county, 111, and afterward to Camp Point, Adams county, where she married A. B. Kirkpatrick, in 1864. When the last call for three months men was made, Mr. Redding. enlisted in Co- B, 137th 111. Inf, served four months, and was honorably discharged. He married Alice Boyer, Nov. 22, 1874. She was born 768 HISTORY OP ADAMS COUNTY. in Schuyler county, 111, Sept, 2, 1857. He has been in the butchering business ever since he came out of the army ; before that was farming. He owns a house and lot in village of Camp Point, where he has lived for nine years. REYNOLDS GEORGE G., farmer; Sec. 4; P. 0. Keokuk Junction; was born March 6, 1834, in Litchfield, Conn.; is the youngest son of ten chil dren of Horace and Anna (Culver) Rey nolds, of that State, and now residing in Houston township, Adams county, at very advanced ages; father was born Jan. 27, 1790, and mother Sept. 30, 1792. They removed to Adams county when George was one year old. His father being a black smith, he learned the trade, and worked at it from eighteenth to twenty-eighth year of his age ; since, he has been engaged in farm ing. He married Margret Simpson, daugh ter of John and Margret (McComb) Simp son, Jan. 16, 1862. She was born in Rushville, Schuyler county, 111, Oct. 31, 1835. Had six children, five living: Anna M, George S, Henry G, Horace B, John O, and Elodie M. Mr. Reynolds owns 287 acres of improved land in Camp Point township, and 150 acres in Houston town ship, worth $40 per acre. Mr. Reynolds' grandfather, Charles Reynolds, went into the army of the revolution at thirteen years of age and served eight years. Riley M. L. laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Robertson James, police magistrate; P. O. Camp Point. Robertson J. F. agent Wabash E. E. ; P. O. Camp Point. Eobertson Maria; sec. 13; P.O. Camp Point. RORERTSON REZEN D., Sec. 13 ; P. O. Camp Point ; is the youngest of five living children of John and Maria (Downing) Robertson ; was born in Camp Point town ship, Adams County, 111, March 17, 1857. He now lives on the old homestead, eighty acres of which he owns, worth $50 per acre. John Robertson was the son of Eli and Elizabeth (Shawhorn) Robertson, born in Kentucky. He was born in Indiana, May 4, 1837, and remained there until he married Maria Downing, who was born in Virginia, Nov. 14, 1811, but came to Indiana when she was eleven years old. She is the oldest daughter of Reason and Nancy (Turner) Downing, now living in Camp Point township. She married Mr. Robertson, Sept. 2, 1830. They remained in Indiana for several years after marriage, after which they removed to Adams county, and settled in Camp Point township in 1834. They had seven children, all of whom lived to adult age ; five now living ; Joseph, Nancy J, Mary E. (the last two deceased), Eli F, Charlotte A. M, John C, and Rezin D. Mr. Robertson died Nov. 11, 1863. Mrs. Robertson owns 110 acres of the home farm, worth $50 per acre. ROGERS HENRY C, mechanic; residence, Camp Point ; is the son of Henry and Malinda (Perry), natives of Indiana; was born in Clark county, of that State, Feb, 10, 1843; came from there, and settled in Camp Point, Adams county, 111, in 1868. He learned the plasterer's trade in Indiana, and has followed it for a livelihood. He enlisted in the Union army in July, 1861, in Co. E, 23d Regt. Ind. Inf. ; was taken pris oner at Bruin's Landing, below Vicksburg, on the 7th pf April, 1863 ; was sent to Jack son ; from there to Libby Prison, Richmond, where he remained till June 27, when he was paroled; was exchanged, and joined his regiment, Sept. 26, at Vicksburg; was mustered out July 29, 1865. He was married, Sept. 26, 1865, to Mary Sylvester, a native of Indiana. They have three children : Emma B, Ettie May, and George O. Is a member of the I. O. O. F, and Encampment. ROTH MRS. APPAULONIA, widow of John A. Roth ; residence, Camp Point ; was born in Bavaria, May 2, 1819. She came with her parents to America, in 1831. She remained in New York six years, when she came to Quincy. There she became acquainted with Mr. Roth, and married him, Aug. 13, 1838. Mr. R. was bom in Bavaria, April 11, 1814, and came to America in 1836. He came to Quincy, and went to work at the cabinet trade. He was among the first to cross the plains to Cali. fornia during the gold excitement in 1849. He was gone three years, when he returned to Adams county ; after which he again went to the gold fields, and remained over two years. Upon his return to Adams county, they removed to Camp Point, in 1856. They have had ten children, seven living : Joseph, Katie, Pauline W, Theodore P, Anna P., John W, and Ella H. Mr. Roth died Oct. 1, 1875. He was engaged in general CAMP POINT DIRECTORY. 769 merchandising for nearly twenty-five years ; was a member of the first brass band organ ized in Quincy. He was a Sir Knight, and was the prime mover in organizing the Masonic Lodge in Camp Point. Mrs. R. returned to Europe at the age of sixteen, as a companion for a lady tourist, because of her familiarity with the French, German, and English languages. She owns a fine residence with two lots, and two other houses and lots in Camp Point. Roseberry L. B. carpenter; P. O. Camp Point. s SAWYER EPHRAIM E. B., general insurance agent; residence, Camp Point; is the eldest son of Ephraim and Elizabeth (Small) Sawyer, of Maine, where they are still living. He was born in York county of that State, May 14, 1836 ; was edu cated in the public schools there, and follow ed teaching for several years before coming west. He came to Clayton in 1858, and taught school there three years as principal. He re moved to Camp Point in 1861 ; engaged in the mercantile business till 1873. Meeting with some financial reverses, he closed out and turned over every dollar of his assets to his creditors. He was one of the founders of the Gamp Point Enterprise; he afterward became editor and sole proprietor, and con ducted the paper successfully from 1866 to 1871, when it passed into the hands of Kirk- ¦ Patrick Bros. In 1873 he embarked in the insurance business. He has devoted his entire attention to it ; is now the leading insurance man in the place, and is writing risks in sev eral counties; represents a number of the most reliable companies in the country. March 11, 1861, he married Esther Bailey, of Maine, born Feb. 4, 1833. Have four chil dren : Abbie E, Joseph L, Hattie E, and Levi E. Mrs. Sawyer died, July 27, 1878. Mr. S. is a member of the Presbyterian church. SCOTT CAPT. WILLIAM, miller ; residence, Camp Point ; born Sept. 8, 1813, in Champaign comity, Ohio, where he commenced his pursuits in life as a miller, when about 24 years of age ; enlisted in the regular army May 27, 1837, and served three years in the Florida war, after which he came to this State, and was married July 31, 1842, to Miss Eleanor Misenhimer, where he followed farming for about eight years, and in 1846 raised a company for the war with Mexico; located in this county in March, 1854, and engaged in the milling business in 1862. Mr. Scott raised a company for tjjie United States service, but was only out nine months on account of ill health. He has since been a miller. SCOTT WINFIELD H., miller-, residence, Camp Point; was born in Clay Co^ 111, Jan. 1, 1848. He learned the miller's trade with his father, and has made it his life work, except the years 1869 to 1872, when he was engaged in selling boots and shoes in St. Louis. He came to Camp Point in Jan uary, 1872, and engaged for his father in the Eagle Mills, which he had purchased a year prior. He became a joint owner in the mills in December, 1877. He was married, Dec. 24, 1874, to Miss A. L. Huber, of Quincy, born March 11, 1857. They have one child: Verckler A. Scott, bom Dec. 16, 1877. Mr. S. is a member of the I. O. O. F, and has been a member of the Board of Town Trus tees for two years. The Eagle Mills have two run of burrs, and have a capacity of seventy-five barrels per day. They make a specialty of custom work. Sears H. M. laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Seaton J. S. farmer ; sec. 36; P. 0. Camp Point. SEATON RICHARD, banker; born in Camp Point township, Dec. 19, 1835 ; was married to Nancy E, daughter of Thos. Curry, of Clayton, Oct. 15, 1857. Six chil dren : William M, born Dec. 24, 1858 ; Flor ence I, born Aug. 25, 1860; Kenner, born May 7, 1892; Thomas, born May' 24, 1870; Hattie M, born July 3, 1876 (died Oct. 19, 1877) ; Edward E, born May 6, lf?8. Seaton Sarah A. P. O. Camp Point. Seelig Hiram, blacksmith ; P. O. Camp Point. Schroeder L. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Camp Point. Schlepman H. farmer; sec. 19; P. O. Coatsburg. Shake A. J. farmer; sec. 17; P. O. Coatsburg. bkatts Mrs. J. H. P. O. Camp Point. SHARP JAMES, farmer; Sec. 28-; P. O. Camp Point; is the son of John and Ann (Thompson) Sharp, of Ireland, where he was born Dec. 17, 1827 ; is the only son of a family of three children, all living in Adams county. His father died when he was two years of age. His mother emigrated to America in 1839 ; stopped in Ohio, where she lived two years, then removed to Illinois, 770 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. and settled where Mr. Sharp now lives. He started in life an orphan boy, without pecu niary aid, and chose the life of a farmer. He married Permelia J. Bates, April 21, 1864, daughter of Joseph H. and Nancy (Goodpas ture) Bates, the fifth of ten living children. Have three children: John Fletcher, born March 2, 1865 ; James Baxter, born Sept. 29, 1868, and Marvin Bates, born May 29, 1871 ; are members of the M. E. church. They own 169 acres of land, worth $50 per acre. Sloan John, farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Coatsburg. Sloneker Martha, sec. 6; P. O. Big Neck. Smith G. W. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Camp Point. Smith Letitia, P. O. Camp Point. Smith Rebecca A. P. O. Camp Point. Stevens A. F. laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Stewart M. L. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Camp Point. Strickler Anna, P. O. Camp Point. Swett James, farmer; sec. 30; P.O. Ccatsburg. SWETT ORSON G., farmer; Sec. 30; P. O. Coatsburg, is the third son of a family of six living children, of James and Cynthia (Elmer) Swett, natives of New Eng land, where Orson was born, June 25, 1837. His parents came to Illinois and settled in Adams- county, in 1843. He was married to Mary E. Bettes, a native of Ohio, who died, leaving one child, Mary Alice Fellsman, born Sept. 17, 1862. He was married again, Aug. 25, 1865, to Julia A. Cantrell, born Sept. 17, 1841, in Tenn. Have had five children, four living: Lilburn R, born Sept. 9, 1866; Wil liam F, Oct. 2, 1868 ; John D, Jan. 9, 1870 ; Harvey J, Jan. 2, 1872, and Susan J. (de ceased), born Jan. 3, 1874. Mr. Swett owns forty acres of improved land in Camp Point township, worth $25 per acre. SWETT WILLIAM, farmer; Sec. 30; P. O. Gtoatsburg ; is the fourth son of six living children of James and Cynthia (Elmer) Swett, of New England. He was born in Adams county, 111, March 1, 1846, and brought up on a farm. He went into the army during the War of the Rebellion, in August, 1862, as a member of Co. F, 78th Regt. 111. Inf. ; was taken sick and dis charged for disability in June, 1863. He was married, Dec. 26, 1867, to Elizabeth Can trell, born Sept. 11,1844. Their union has resulted in one child : Marcus DeLafayette, born July 28, 1868. Mr. Swett owns forty acres of improved land in Camp Point town ship, worth $25 per acre. TAYLOR JACOR K., farmer and mechanic ; Sec. 13 ; P. O. Camp Point ; son of Libni and Mary Taylor, of York county, Pa.; born, June 4, 1825. He learned the black smiths.' trade, and followed it until 1869 ; then turned his attention to agriculture. He was married, March 4, 1850, to Elizabeth Kline, daughter of Philipand Sophia Kline, born in York county, Pa, Nov. 27, 1827. They re moved to Camp Point, Adams county, 111, in 1859, and to the farm where they now live, in 1865 ; had six children, five living : Mary S, Scott, John T, Frank P, and Elizabeth E; own 183 acres of improved land in Camp Point, worth $60 per acre, and 160 in Adair county, Mo. Mr. Taylor is an ex tensive wheat grower, and is one of the most thorough farmers in the township. Terry Wm. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Camp Point. Thomas David, farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Camp Point. Todd R. S. retired; P. O. Camp Point. Tomlinson Jas. shoemaker; P. O. Camp Point. Tomlinson J. B. carpenter, P. O Camp Point. Tawson Michael, laborer; P. O, Camp Point. u Underwood Peter, merchant; P. O. Camp Point. VavalerA. L. farmer; sec. 30; P.O. Coat»burg. Vanartsdalen D. laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Yance Moses, farmer; see. 22; P. O. Camp Point. w Wallace A. E. farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Camp Point. WALLACE JAMES A., farmer; Sec. 1 ; P. O. Camp Point ; was born in Garrard county, Ky, March 28, 1821, where he lived until fourteen years of age, when he came to this State with his mother. His father died when James was quite young- He and his mother located in this township, on Sec. 2, where he remained until 1851 ; was married in August, 1846, to Miss Vir ginia Cromwell, of Kentucky. She died in 1855, leaving one child. In 1859 he was married to hjs present wife, Miss Mary P. Black, of Perry county, Pa. They are mem bers of the United Presbyterian church. He is a Republican ; owns 540 acres of land in Camp Point and Houston townships. Mr. Wallace has been identified to some extent in the township, having been Supervisor, CAMP POINT DIRECTORY. 771 and always ready to assist in promoting the interests of the county. Wallace J. S. farmer; Sec. 12; P. O. Keokuk June. WALLACE MARY E., residence, Camp Point; is the daughter of Rev. Jesse Cromwell and Hester (Moore) Cromwell, of the District of Columbia. She was born in the same place, July 17, 1826. At the age of nine years she removed with her parents to Kentucky, where her father preached as an itinerant minister in the M. E. church until 1847, when they removed to Adams county, 111, where her father died in 1866, only clos ing his ministerial labors with his life. She married Allen Wallace, Oct. 5, 1859. He was bora in Kentucky, June 18, 1809; was the son of Josiah and Mary (Mason) Wal lace. He had four children by a former marriage : Julian, James M, Mary R, and Francis A. Mrs. Wallace was first married to James A. Armstrong, of Kentucky, June 18, 1847. They resided in Concord, in that State, until his death, in September, 1852 Mr. Wallace died June 17, 1876. He was a farmer by occupation. Mrs. Wallace owns forty acres of improved land in Clayton township, worth $40 per acre, a fine resi dence, and one and a quarter acres in Camp Point, and several lots in Keokuk Junction. She is a member of the M. E. church. Wallace M. R. farmer; sec. 12; P. 0. Keokuk June. WALLACE RICHARD A., far mer and stock dealer; Sec. 25; P. O. Camp Point; born in this township, May 17, 1844. His parents located in this township, where he now resides, in the spring of 1836. Mr. Wallace was married, Jan. 10, 1869, to Miss Harriet Heaton, of Liberty township. They have one daughter. Mr. Wallace is a man of untiring energy, and is engaged extensively in farming and stock raising. He enlisted in the spring of 1864 in Co. E, 50th Regt. 111. Inf. ; served one year and a half; was honorably discharged at Louisville, Ky. He is a member of the I. O. O. F, and owns 150 acres of land, well improved. Wallace Wm. farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Keokuk Junc tion. Ward J. W. teamster; P. O. Camp PoUt. Ward O. B. teamster; P. O. Camp Point. Warren Lydia C. P. O. Camp Point. Welsh H. C. farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Camp Point. WELSH JAMES G., farmer; Sec. 27; P. O. Camp Point. He was born in Jefferson county, Ky, June 25, 1811 ; is the oldest of twelve children of Robert and Mary (Guthrie) Welsh, the latter a native of that State, the father of Pennsylvania. He remained there until he was nearly 24 years of age, when he came to Adams county, and spent a year and a half in Columbus town ship, and then removed to his present home in the spring of 1836. He was married in Kentucky, Aug. 14, 1834, to Sarah Booth, a native of Shelby county, Ky. Have eight children: Robert G, Mary J, Benjamin H, George W, Sarah E, John M. C, Eunice A, and Margaret E. Mr. Welsh has held several local offices in the township. He owns 130 acres of improved land, worth $50 per acre. WELSH MOSES C, farmer; Sec. 34; P. O. Camp Point. He is the sixth of twelve children of Robert and Mary (Guth rie) Welsh, and was born in Jefferson county, Ky, Jan. 8, 1820. Robert Welsh was born in Pennsylvania, but his parents removed to Kentucky when he was three years old, where he married Mary Guthrie, of that State. His father came from Ireland to America just prior to the beginning of the War of the Revolution. His mother was a Pennsylvania German. Moses C. Welsh came from Kentucky to Adams county, 111, in the spring of 1848, and settled where he now lives in 1849. He was married to Angeline E. Taylor, Dec. 1, 1842, who was born in Spencer county, Ky, March 11, 1822. Have seven children living : Mary A, James T, Henry C, William T, Thomas L, Martha E, and Moses G. Mr. Welsh was Com missioner of Highways for many years; was Collector in 1851-2, and is now Presi dent of the Camp Point Mutual Fire In. surance Company. Himself and wife are members of the Christian church. They own 350 acres of land in Camp Point town ship, worth $40 per acre. White J. E. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Camp Point. Wilcor M. mechanic; P. O. Camp Point. Wilks Cordelia, P. O. Camp Point. Williams John, laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Wilson Clark, laborer; P. O. Camp Point. Wisehart J. H. farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Camp Point. WYLE DANIEL II., farmer; Sec. 15; P. O. Camp Point. He was born in Butler county, Ohio, June 19, 1849, and moved to this State with his parents when 772 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. about nine years of age, locating in Burton township in October, 1858, after which he moved to this township, and was married to Nancy A. Williams, April 1, 1874. They have two children, Annie W. and Ollie W. Mr. Wyle owns 150 acres of land, well im proved, probable value, $8,000. Yarnell Charlotte, P. O. Camp Point. Zlegler Lorentz, grocer; P. O. Camp Point. MELKOSE TOWNSHIP. Ackerman Jas. farmer; sec. 7; P. 0. Quincy. ABEL CHRISTIAN, farmer; Sec. 9; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Germany, Aug. 23, 1812 ; was educated in the schools of his native coun try, and, at the age of 25, emigrated to this country, and settled in Quincy, where he lived five years, and then moved to Melrose township. In 1839 he was married to Miss Charlotta Wedg. She was born in the same country as her husband, Nov. 22, 1818, and came to this country in 1837. They have had nine children, four of whom are now living, three sons and one daughter: Wil liam, George, Joseph, and Matilda. He owns about 300 acres of land, which, for fertility of soil and improvement, will compare favorably with any in the county. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Methodist church. He is at present School Director, which office he has held for twenty- two years, and has been Commissioner of Highways for eight years. Albrink Adolph, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Quincy. ALEXANDER PERRY, farmer; Sec. 18; P. O. Quincy; was born in Pope county, 111, 1820 ; located in Adams county, Sept. 1, 1832 ; married Margaret Hunsaker in 1857. She was born in Adams county. They have five children: Margaret E, Perry, Susan, Sarah, and Mabel. Mrs. Alexander is a member of the Christian church. He is a Democrat. He has been Supervisor thirteen years; owns 560 acres of land, with good improvements. Altheide H. farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Quincy. AltroggeT. farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Quincy. Anderson Albert, farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Quincy. Anderson R. W. farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Quincy. Arends Fred, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Quincy. Arthur J. H. P. O. Quincy. Aten John, farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Quincy. Austin Robert, P. O. Quincy. Bachmau L. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Quincy. Baker C. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Quincy, BangertE. farmer; sec. 30: P. O. Quincy. Bangert Wm. farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Quincy. Barry C. farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Burton. Barry E. farmer ; sec. 1 ; P. O. Burton. Barry L. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Barton. Barry M. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Barton. Barry Owen, farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Burton. Barry Wm. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Burton. Barry W. G. farmer; Bee. 2; P. O. Burton. BART JOHN, wine-grower and gardener; Sec. 7; P. O. Quincy; was born in Germany, Dec. 18, 1816 ; was married twice. His first wife was Miss Catherine Otto, to whom he was married in 1846. His second, and present wife, was Mrs. Elizabeth Hoff man (widow of Frederick Hoffman, to whom he was married in Wisconsin, in 1853). She wa%born in Germany, Dec.A, 1823. By this marriage there are three children: John, Christina, and Mary Ann. Mrs. Bart had, by her former marriage, four children: Margaret, Elizabeth, Mary, and Julia. He came to this country, Feb. 15, 1849, and settled in Joliet, 111, where he lived two years ; then moved to Wisconsin, and lived there until 1860, when he removed to Quincy, and landed here the same day that Mr. Lincoln was elected President. He was elected Justice of the Peace in April, 1877, which office he now holds. He owns and occupies a beautiful suburban residence adjoining the city of Quincy, on which is a splendid vineyard, and also an abundance of MELROSE DIRECTORY. 773 the different varieties of fruit, and very valuable. He is a Democrat, and one of the most ardent workers in the ranks, and a member of the Roman Catholic church. BaxtonWm. farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Quincy. Beilstein George, farmer; sec. 36; P. 0. Quincy. BEILSTEIN GEO. P., farmer; Sec. 21 ; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Germany, Aug. 15, 1805 ; received his education in the schools of his native country. In his early manhood he traveled a great deal over Europe, Palestine .and the Holy Land, having in the mean time visited Jerusalem and many other places of interest, and at the age of twenty-one went into the German army and served six years and seven months. In 1831 he emigrated to this country and settled in Carlisle, Cumber land county, Pa, where he was married the ' same year to Miss Elizabeth Clingland, a native of Germany, also. After living in Car lisle some twelve years, he removed to this county in 1843, and settled on his present farm. In August, 1867, his wife died, leaving him five children, two sons and three daugh ters. He owns 189 acres of land, which will compare favorably with any in this town ship. He is Democratic in politics, and is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church. Mr. B. is now one of the large and well to do farmers of the county. Belker G. farmer; sec 9; P. O. Quincy. BENTON DANIEL C, horticultur ist Sec. 8, Range 8 ; P. O. Quincy ; was born in Mendon township, May 24, 1844, moved to this township with his parents in 1852, and settled on the place he now owns and oc cupies; was married to Miss Ellen T. Furness in 1864. She was born in this county, also. They have four children, three sons and one daughter. She died in September, 1877. His place, which contains over 100 acres, is known as " Fruit Hill Farm," and nurseries, to which he devotes his entire time and attention, and has brought it up to a state of perfection rarely equaled, and not surpassed, in this county. The productions of this place have taken first premiums at the State Fair on two oc casions, and several times at the county fair. He is Republican. Benton Mrs. E. P. O. Quincy. Benton Mrs. S. M. ; P. 0. Quincy. Benz Mrs. P. O. Quincy. BENZ JOSEPH, (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born in Germany, March 19, 1819, and received his early edu cation in the schools of his native country. In 1847 he emigrated to this country and settled in Quincy, where he lived about four years, and moved to Melrose township. In the same year he came to the country he was married to Miss Kressensia Nodler. She was born in Germany, May 31, 1824. They have had nine children, eight of whom are now living, three sons and five daughters. He died October 11, 1869, leav- • ing a large estate ; the home place contains 200 acres, which for fertility of soil and im provement will compare with any in the township. He was Democratic in poli tics and a member of the Roman Catholic church. Bergdorft Wm. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Quincy. BERGMANN HENRY, farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch • was bom in Prussia, Aug. 14, 1824. He received his early education in the schools of his native country, and, at the age of nineteen years,, emigrated to this country with his parents, and settled in Marion county, Mo, where he lived about one year; and, in 1846, he enlisted in the Mexican Volunteers, in Capt. Willock's company, under Col. Price, who was after ward made Brigadier General, and Capt. Willock was made the regiment's Colonel. Mr. B. served about two years, and then re turned to Missouri, but, after remaining at home about one year, he again started off — this time to California, where he lived one year. In 1850 he moved to this county, where he has lived ever since. He was mar ried in May, 1852, tto Miss Lizzie Schneider. She was born in Prussia, Feb. 10, 1831, and came to this country in 1846. They have five children, four sons and one daughter. He owns 187 acres of land, the most of which is in a high state of cultivation ; the home place is elegantly improved, supplied with fruit, splendidly located, three miles south of Quincy, and very valuable. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Roman Catholic church. He has been school director for about twelve years, and has held other offices of a local nature. 774 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Berwick Anton, farmer; sec. 9; P. O Quincy. Blancett Jared, farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Quincy. Blanchard J. C. farmer; sec. 4; P. O. Quincy. Blickhan H. farmer; sec. 38; P. O. Quincy. Blickhan Joseph, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Burton. BISHOP JACOB H., farmer and fruit grower; Sec. 20; P. O. Quincy; was born in Licking county, Ohio, June 7, 1835, and removed to this county, with his parents, in 1836; received his education in the schools of this county, and, in 1855, was married to Miss Selina B. Reeder (daughter of the late Daniel Reeder, of this township). They have had three children, two of whom are still living, Charles W. and Mattie A. He owns twenty-six acres of land, which, for fertility of soil, degree of culture, and improvement, will compare with any in the county. He is Republican in politics, and a member of the M. E. church. He has been Justice of the Peace for eight years ; is at present school trustee, and has held other local offices. Bi6hop O. H. farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Quincy. BISHOP SAMUEL B., farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. Quincy; was born in Licking county, Ohio, Dec. 20, 1832 ; came to this county, with his parents, in 1834, and settled in Melrose township ; was educated in the schools of this county, and, in 1854, was married to Miss Malinda Hughes. She was born in this county, and died in 1857. By this marriage he has two children, one son and one daughter. He married his second, and present, wife in 1867. She was Miss Mary C. Hughes, of Wisconsin. They have three children, two sons and one daughter. He owns 119 acres of land,, which, for soil and improvement, will compare favorably with any in the township. He is Inde pendent in polities', and one of the most energetic and industrious of the county's citizens. BLASING BERNARD, farmer; Sec. 12 ; P. O. Quincy ; was born in Ger many, Feb. 14, 1828; came to this country, with his parents, in 1845, and setted in this county; was married to Miss Mary G. Kroner in 1854. She was born in Germany, Jan. 11, 1837. They have ten children, five sons and five daughters. He owns fifty- three acres of land, in a high state of cul tivation, well improved, abundantly sup plied with fruit, and very valuable. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Roman Catholic church. He has been a valued citizen of the township ever since his settlement in it ; is energetic and enterpris ing, and one of those to whom the county looks for a continuance of its present . pros perity. BOCK DANIEL, farmer; Sec. 33; P. O. Quincy ; was born in Germany, Feb. 2, 1828 ; was educated in the schools of his native country, and, in 1854, emigrated to this country, and settled in Melrose town ship; was married Feb. 7, 1858, to Miss Fredrika Gasser. She was born in Ger many, March 14, 1838. They have eight children, five sons and three daughters. He owns 160 acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, elegantly improved, abundantly .supplied with fruit, and very valuable. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the German Lutheran church, of Fall Creek township. Mr. Bock is one of the most energetic and industrious citizens of the township, and is, to-day, numbered among the large and well-to-do farmers, notwith standing he began life poor. BOEHL JOHN M., farmer; Sec. 24; P. 0. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Prussia, Nov. 14, 1835. At the age of eight years he, with his parents, emigrated to this country, and settled in this county, where he received his early educa tion, and in 1856 was married to Miss Wil- hemina Wagner. , She was bom in Prussia, and died in 1866. By this marriage he has four children, three sons and one daughter. In 1867 he was married to his second, and present wife, who was Miss Eva Becker. She was born in Prussia, Sept. 3, 1843. By this marriage there are four children, two sons and two daughters. He owns sixty- three acres of land, in a high state of culti" vation, well improved, supplied with fruit, and very valuable. He is Republican in politics, and a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church. Boehl Michael, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Quincy. Bollman H. farmer; sec. 82; P. O. Quincy. Borman John, farmer; sec. 11 ; P. O. Quincy. BRANDES CHRISTIAN, gar dener; Sec. 7; P. O. Quincy; was bom in Hanover, Germany, Aug. 3, 1823, and educa ted in the schools of his native country. In MELROSE DIRECTORY. 775 1845 he emigrated to this country, stayed a few days in St. Louis, Mo, where he was married to Miss Martha E. Flackamp, a native of Germany, born Oct. 9, 1823, and came to this countiy in the same party as her husband. They then started up the Illi nois River and settled in Green county, 111, where they lived about one year, and removed to this county in the spring of 1847. They have had nine children, four of whom are now living; three sons, and one daughter (now the wife of Albert Gedo Jansen). He owns twenty-four acres of land adjoining the city of Quincy, the productions of which rank among the fineat that come to market. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the German Evangelical Lutheran church, and one of the most prosperous citizens of the township. Bride H. farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Quincy. Brink Henry, farmer ; sec. 13 : P. O. Quincy. Brinkman A. B. farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Quincy. Brinkman B. farmer; sec. 4; P, O. Quincy. Brocksmith A. farmer; sec. 21; P. O. Quincy. BrockBmith J. farmer; sec. 17; P. O. Quincy. Brocksmith S. farmer; sec. 21; P. O. Qnincy. Broderick A. farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Quincy. Buckingham Q. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Burton. BURGDORFF CHARLES H., market gardener; Sec. 5 ; P. O. Quincy; was born in Germany, June 15, 1836; came to this country in 1854 and settled in this county; was married to Miss Fredrika Tresse, June 4, 1865. She was born in Ger many, Oct. 2, 1844. They have ten children, two sons and eight daughters. He owns six and three-quarters acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, elegantly improved, worth probably $3,000. He is Democratic in politics. He enlisted in Co. A. of the Lewis Co. Mo. Militia, and served about eighteen months during the late war. He is one of the most energetic citizens of the township, and devotes his entire time and attention to his splendid vegetable garden, which can not be surpassed in this locality for the quality and quantity of its produc tions. Burgdorff Jas. farmer; sec. 6; P.O.Quincy. Burgdorff Jane, P. O. Quincy. Burgdorff W. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Quincy. Burman Maggie, P. O. Quincy. Burns August, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Quincy. BURROUGHS RENJAMIN, farmer and fruit grower ; Sec. 6 ; P. O. Quin cy. The subject of this sketch was bom in Clermont county, Ohio, Sept. 14, 1833; re ceived his early education in the schools of his native county. He was married to Miss Elizabeth J. Boone in 1862. She was born in Pennsylvania, and died in 1869, leaving four children, all daughters. He came to Adams county in 1863. In 1872 he was mar ried to his second and present wife, who was Miss Harriet J. Randall, a native ot southern Indiana, born Dec. 29, 1849. By this mar riage there are four children, one son and three daughters. He owns seventy-five acres of land, which, for fertility of soil, and ele gance of improvement, will compare favora bly with any in the county. He is Republi can in politics, and a member of the Presby terian church. He is one of the most energetic and industrious of the enterprising citizens of the county. CHASE MARCELLUS L., fruit grower and farmer; Sec. 20; P. O. Quincy; was born in Ellington township, March 27, 1837 ; received his education at McKendree College, Lebanon, 111. ; was mar ried, 'in 1860, to Miss Adelia S. Horner, daughter of Nathan Horner, of Lebanon, 111. By this marriage he had seven children, three of whom are still living, all boys. She died in Jackson county, 111, April 14, 1S70. His second, and present, wife was Miss Eliza J. Reeder, daughter of Daniel Reeder, late of this township, to whom he was married, April 3, 1876. He owns sixty acres of land, which, for fertility of soil, advancement of culture and improvement, is not excelled in this county. He is Republican in politics, and a member of the M. E. church. He is at present School Director, which office he has held for the past two years ; has also held other local. offices. Childers Mary, P. O. Burton. Childers Joseph, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Burton. Cobb Mrs. P. P. O. Quincy. Coe Ira K. farmer; sec. 29 ; P. O. Quincy. Cramer C. farmer ; sec. 2; P. O. Burton. Croson A. farmer; sec. 32; P. O. Qu.ncy. Deakin Alb.rt, farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Quincy. Dehm Jacob, farmer; sec. 11 ; P. O. Quincy. Deitrich Jacob, farmer; sec. 11 ; P. O. QuinCy. Demaree Mrs. L. P. O. Quincy. 776 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Dickhut G. K. farmer; sec. 17; P. O. Quincy. Didmeier C. farmer; sec. 15; P. 0. Quincy. Durand Frank, farmer ; sec. 21; P. O. Quincy. Dyer Chas. H. farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Qaincy. Dyer E. B. farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Quincy. Dyer Henry, farmer; Bee. 29; P. O Quincy. Ebert Jacob, farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Quincy. Egan Jas. farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Quincy. She William, farmer; sec. 21 ; P. O. Quincy. Emery Emily A. P. O. Qumcy. Emery Jane, P. O. Quincy. Emery J. F. farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Quincy. Emery Jas. L. farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Quincy. Erhard G. farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Quincy. Erke William, farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Quincy. ERNST CHRISTIAN, wine grower and proprietor of the William Tell saloon; Sec. 7, Range 8; P. 0. Quincy; was born in Baden, Germany, Sept. 5, 1828 ; em igrated to this country in 1854, and settled in Quincy; was married, Dec. 9, 1854, to Miss Maria M. Gasser. She was born in the same place as her husband, and died Feb. 28, 1857. By this marriage he had two children, one of whom is now living : Lud wig C. His second, and present, wife was Miss Christina Fees, to whom he was mar ried in 1857. They have five children, two sons and three daughters. He is proprietor of the William Tell saloon, between 5th and 6th, on Hampshire street, Quincy, and lives on his beautiful suburban place, on which he has expended much time and money to bring it up to the high standard of perfection to which it has attained. He has about three and a half acres of vineyard which will compare favorably with any in the county. He is a Democrat, and one of the most valued citizens of Quincy and Melrose township. Ewald M. farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Payson. Feil George, farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Quincy. FELT JEREMIAH A., farmer; Sec. 18; P.O.Quincy: was born in New Ipswich, N. II, May 2, 1817 ; moved to this county in June, 1830, with his parents ; was married to Miss Adriana H. Leach, Dec. 5, 1839 (a daughter of Mathias Leach, of Bos ton, Mass.). She was born Dec. 8, 1819. They have had eleven children, eight of whom . are now living, four sons and four daughters. He' owns eighty acres of land, which, for location and improvement, will compare with any in the county. He is Re publican in politics; has been School Direc tor and Trustee for about thirty years ; has also been Commissioner of Highways. His father, Peter Felt, was born in New Hampshire, Dec. 1, 1784, and died July 31, 1866, in this county. The family rank to-day among the earliest of the early citizens of the county. Flachs W. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Quincy. Finke Chas. farmer; sec. 36; P. O. Millville. Fischer Henry, farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Quincy. Fischer Herman, farmer ; 6ec. 10; P. O. Qaincy. Fischer Wm. farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Quincy. FORGY HARDIN W., farmer and teacher; Sec. 35; P. O. Payson; father and mother living; attended the common dis trict school until 1873, then commenced a practical course of study at Barry, Pike county; since completing his studies has been engaged in teaching school and farm ing — farming in summer and teaching in the winter; married to Letitia Hoskins in 1874. She was born in 1855 ; has two chil dren : Elizabeth Mertie, born in 1875 ; Irena, born in 1878. Mr. Forgy also teaches sing ing-school in his section of the county. He and Mrs. Forgy are members of the M. E. church, and politically he is a Republican. Frederick L. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Quincy. Freiling Henry, farmer; sec. 9: P. O. Quincy. Freilding Henry, farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Quincy. Fromme George, farmer; sec. 31; P. O. Quincy. G Ganse Arnold, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Qnincy. GIBBS HENRY H. (deceased) ; was born in Androscoggin county, Maine, Nov. 18, 1813 ; came to this county in 1838, and was a citizen of it up to the time of his death, which occurred Sept. 17, 1878, in his 65th year. He was first married in Quincy to Miss Abby A. Greene ; by this marriage there is one child, Martha Ann (now the wife of D. W. Westgate). His second wife is still living. She was Miss Mary Ann Par sons, daughter of Mathias Parsons, of Foun tain county, Ind, to whom he was married in Quincy in August, 1852. The fruit of this marriage is one child, Wm. H, born May 3, 1853. GEISEL HENRY, farmer; Sec. 12 ; P. O. Burton ; was born in Hessen, Ger- MELROSE DIRECTORY. 777 many, Sept. 20, 1820; was educated in the schools of his native country, and in 1842 emigrated to this country and settled in this county ; was married in 1846 to Miss Mary Eisel. She was born in Saxony, March 14, 1824. They have had ten children, seven of whom are now living — three sons and four daughters. He owns 233 acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, elegantly improved, abundantly supplied with fruit, and very valuable. He is a Republican in politics, and member of the German Lutheran church. He is one of the old and energetic citizens who have labored so hard for the township's advancement, and one of those to whom it owes its present prosperous and flourishing condition. Giddings Fred, farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Quincy. Griesbaum M. farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Quincy. Gilmer Geo. A. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Quincy. Grimmer M. farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Quincy. Grimmer Saml. farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Quincy. GRUETTER GEORGE, farmer; Sec. 4; P. 0. Quincy; was born in Germany, Oct. 26, 1826 ; came to this country in 1844, and settled, in Baltimore, Md, where he lived three years, and removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, for ten months; then to St. Louis, Mo, where he was married, 'in 1851, to Miss Louisa Tribbe, a native of Germany. They have five children, three sons and two daughters. In 1860 he removed to this county, and settled on the farm on which he now resides, which contains about sixty-six acres in a high state of cultivation, well im proved, and supplied with fruit, and very valuable. He is a Republican in politics, and a member of the German M. E. church. He has held the office of School Director eleven years, and is a man possessing great energy, and among the most enterprising citizens of Melrose township. H HANKS JOSEPH, farmer ; Sec. 17 ; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Crawford county, Ind, May 14, 1825. His parents moved the same year to Sangamon county, 111, where they lived three years, and in the fall of 1828 removed to this county, and settled in Melrose town ship; was educated in the schools of this county,' and on the 14th of May, 1851. was married to Miss Martha Bartholamew, a native of Indiana. They have had ten chil dren, nine of whom are now living — seven sons and two daughters. He owns sixty acres of land, whi^ch, for fertility of soil and improvement, will compare favorably with any in the county. He is a Democrat in politics, and a member of the M. E. church. He is at present Commissioner of Highways ; has been Constable for eight years, and held other offices of trust and importance. HASTINGS ANDREW S., farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Quincy. The sub ject of this sketch was born on his present farm, Oct. 13, 1849, and received his educa tion in the schools of the county ; was mar ried, Sept. 10, 1874, to Miss Edith A. Reeder, daughter of John Reeder, of this township. She was born March 19, 1853. They have two children: Curtiss Reeder and Andrew Leroy. He owns forty acres of land which, for fertility of soil and improvement, will compare with any in the township. He has been Clerk of" the township for four years. He is a Democrat, and a member of the M. E. church, and is one of the young, energetic and industrious sons of the county to whom it looks for a continuance of its present prosperous and flourishing condition. HASTINGS SAMUEL R., farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Sussex county, Del, Oct. 2, 1820, and at the age of six years he, with his parents, moved to Somerset county, Md, and received his education in the schools of that county. In November, 1835, he removed to this county; was married, Feb. 2, 1843, to Miss Martha Ann Anderson, a native of Montgomery county, Ky. She was born Oct. 20, 1819, and settled in this county in 1829. Her father, John Anderson, born Jan. 13, 1794, is still living, and enjoying good health for one of his advanced years. Have had seven children, five of whom are still living, four sons and one daughter. He owns 200 acres of land which, for fertility of soil and improvement, will compare favorably with any in the county. He is Democratic in politics, and has been Township Commissioner for seven years. HECKLE JOSEPH, farmer and fruit grower; Sec. 13, Range 9 ; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in 778 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Baden, Germany, Feb. 8, 1837 ; was educated in the schools of his native country, and in 1851 emigrated to this country and settled in Detroit, Mich, where he remained, three years, and moved to Scott county, Iowa; and after living there until the fall of 185S, he removed to this county. In 1860 he was married to Miss Anna M. Mast, daughter of Casper Mast. She was born Aug. 4, 1843. They have seven children, all daughters. He owns about sixty-six acres of land, which will compare favorably with any in the township, and ou which there is an abun dance of the different varieties of fruit. He is a Democrat and a member of the Roman Catholic church ; is at present Commissioner of Highways in this township, and has been School Trustee for about five years. Heckenkamp T. W. farmer; Bee. 16; P. O. Qnincy. Hein Adam, farmer ; eec. 24; P. O. Quincy. Helmbolt L. farmer; eec. 1; P. O. Burton, Hence Frank, farmer; sec. 12; P. 0. Bunon. Herald Geo. farmer; sec. 21; P. O. Quincy. Herleman L. farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Quincy. HERLEMANN WM. N., farmer; Sec. 14; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born on the place he now resides on, June 2, 1852; was educated in the schools of this county, and graduated at the college at Warrenton, Mo. On the 20th of October, 1875, he was married to Miss Emma C. Dickhut, daughter of C. C. Dickhut, of Quincy. She was born Jnly 5, 1855. They have two children: Katie Alice, born Nov. 20, 1876 ; the baby, born Aug. 20, 1878. He owns 360 acres of land which, for fertility of soil and improvement, will compare favor ably with any in the township. He is Re publican in politics. His father, Nicholas Herlemann, was among the earliest settlers of the township, and is one of the large and well-to-do farmers of Melrose township. Herr D. B. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Quincy. Hibner David, farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Quincy. Hiebing Henry, farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Quincy. HOFFMEISTER HENRY, gar dener and fruit-grower; Sec. 6, Range 8; P. O. Quincy; was born in Germany, May 8, 1834; came to this country in 1856 and settled in New York, and moved to this county in 1860; was married to Miss Dena Myer in 1862. She was born in Germany, also.. They have six children, one son and five daughters;' He owns twenty-four acres of land , in a high state of cultivation, well improved, abundantly supplied with fruit, and worth probably $200 per acre. He is a Democrat, and a member of the German Lutheran church. He is one of the energetic and industrious citizens of this township to whom it owes its present prosperity. Hokamp Henry, farmer ; sec. 10; P.O.Quincy. Hollander A. farmer; sec. 11 ; P. O. Quincy. HolyokeM. B. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Quincy. Howe David, farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Quincy. Huber Adam, farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Qaincy. Huber L. farmer; stc. 24; P. O. Quincy. Hughes Miss A. P. O. Quincy. Hughes Geo. farmer; sec. 19: P. O. Quincy. Humphrey A. A. farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Quincy. HUMPHREY EDWARD F., farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. O. Quincy ; was born in Simsburg, Conn, Nov. 25, 1823; was educa- ted in the schools of his native town, and moved to this county with his father, Alex ander Humphrey, in 1840, and settled on the place he and his brother now own and oc cupy, which for fertility of soil and improve ment, will compare favorably with any in the county. In the winter of his 19th year he taught school, and continued to teach for about ten years. He taught in the schools of Quincy for six years, two years of which time he was principal of the high school. He was married to Miss Mary Ann Keyes, daughter of Willard Keyes, of Quincy, in 1850, who died April 20, 1853. On the 18th of December, 1861, he was married to his present wife, Mrs. M. E. Carey (widow of Thos. DeWitt Carey, of Hancock county). She was born, Sept. 6, 1833, and came to this State in 1858. They have had three children, two of whom are still living: M. Louisa, and Edward D. After quitting teaching Mr. H. turned his attention to the lumber busi ness, taking charge of the mills situated in Hamilton, Hancock county. After the death of his father, which occurred May 1, 1865, he moved to the old homestead and began farm ing with his brother. While residing at, Hamilton he was Mayor of the city for five years. In the Spring of 1878 he was elected Supervisor of Melrose township, which ofiice he now holds. He is a Republican in politics, and he and his wife areboth members of the M. E. church. He has been Sabbath-school superintendent for the past twenty-five years. HUNSAKER ALEXANDER, merchant and miller ; Sec. 11 ; P. O. Burton. The subject of this sketch was born in Ken- MELROSE DIRECTORY. 779 tucky, Oct. 16, 1824, and, with his parents, moved to this county in the fall of 1829, and settled in Liberty township • was educated in the schools of this county, and in 1845 was married to Miss Mary L. Freeman, a native of New York. They have had eleven chil dren, ten of whom are still living, one son and nine daughters. At the age of sixteen he began learning the blacksmiths' trade at Liberty, and worked at it up to 1864, when, owing to impaired health, he was forced to abandon his trade, since which time he, has been engaged in general mercantile and mill ing business, at what is known as Havanah Mills, in Melrose township. His 'father, John Hunsaker, born Dec. 17, 1794, is still living, and a citizen of Burton township, en joying excellent health for one of his ad vanced years. The subject of this sketch is Democratic in politics, has been township collector for two terms in Melrose, and one term in Burton, and has been school direc tor for twelve years. He owns eighty acres of land which, for location, fertility of soil, . and improvement, will compare with any in the county. Huseman P. farmer; sec. 8; P. 0. Quincy. Hunter J. farmer'; sec. 8; P. O. Quincy. Janning Jos. farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Quincy. Jansen Albert, P. O. Quincy. JOHNSTON FREDERICK G., farmer; Sec. 18; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Lancaster Co, Penn, April 5, 1815. In 1837 he moved to this county and settled in Quincy, and in 1845 was married to Miss Sally Ann Alexan der, daughter of Samuel Alexander, bom in Lexington, Ind, Jan. 16, 1818, and came to this county with her parents, Sept. 1, 1832. They have two children : Jacob Perry, born June 28, 1847, and Frederick Geo, born Aug. 23, 1857. He owns 127 acres of land which, for location, soil, and improvement, will compare favorably with any in the county. He is Democratic in politics; has been Treasurer of the county, and held other offices of trust and importance, and is one of the old, energetic, and industrious citizens, who have been so conducive to the.county's prosperity. Joslyn H. R. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Quincy. K Kamphouse J. iarmer; sec. 26; P. O. Quincy. Kane John, farmer; sec. 1 ; P. O. Burton. Kapp Jacob, farmer; sec. 2; P. 0. Quincy. Kappner Christian, farmer; sec. 30 ; P. O. Quincy. Karch Jacob, farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Quincy. Karner Adolph, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Quincy. Keller Matbew, farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Quincy. KENNEDY JAMES W., farmer and fruit grower; Sec. 6, Range 8; P. O Quincy ; was born in the County Antrim, Ire land, June 13, 1833 ; came to this country in June, 1848, and to this county, Feb. 17, 185? was married to Miss Elizabeth C. Rankin in 1855. She was born in Dubois Co, Ind, Nov. 21, 1838, but has lived in Quincy for the last thirty-four years. They have six children, four sons and two daughters. He owns forty acres of land in a high state of cultivation, elegantly improved, abundantly supplied with fruit, and worth, probably, $200 per acre. Republican in politics, and one of the enterprising and.energetic citizens to whom the township is indebted for its present, and looks for its future, prosperity. He is at present School Director, and has held the office for the past seven years. KIEM VALENTIN, farmer; Sec. 9; P. O. Quincy; was born in Germany, March 6, 1828 ; was educated in the schools of his native countr}-, and in 1847, emigrated to this country, and settled on his present farm in Melrose township. On the 23d of February, 1851, he was married to Miss Mary Ulrich, a native of the same place as her husband, and born Oct. 6, 1833. They have had five children, four of whom are now living, three sons and one daughter. He owns 160 acres of land, which, for fertility of soil and improvement, will com pare favorably with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics, and a mem ber of the Evangelical Lutheran church of Quincy, and is one of the old energetic and industrious citizens to whom the county looks for a continuance of its present pros perity.King Nicholas, farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Quincy. Kirmeier Fred, farmer; sec. 10; P.O. Quincy. Kirk Fritz, farmer ; sec. 23 ; P. O. Quincy. Klanenberg Wm. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Quincy. Kliaschmidt C. farmer; sec. 1 -. P. O. Burton. Klingel L. H. farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Quincy. Klingel L. G. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Qnincy. 780 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. KLUSME YER JOHN F., farmer ; Sec. 7; P. O. Quincy; was born in West phalia, Prussia, July 15, 1821 ; came to this country in 1851, and settled on the place he now owns; was married to Miss Reike Mena Holtkamper, in 1856. She was born in the same place Feb. 2, 1823. They have two children: William, born Jan. 17, 1857, and Amelia, born Feb. 6, 1866. He owns sixty acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, abundantly supplied with fruit, and very valuable. He is Republican in politics, and a member of the German Lutheran Church, corner of 8th and Washington streets, Quincy. He has always been one of the most energetic and industrious citizens of the township, and highly respected in the community in which he resides. KochC. G. farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Quincy. Koch Henry, farmer; P. 0. Quincy. KOHL LEONARD, farmer; Sec. 31; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Germany, in November, 1820 ; was educated in the schools of his native country, and. at the age of 27 years, emigrated to this country, and settled in Adams county. In 1851, he was married to Miss Mary Kline. She was born in Ger many, also, July 25, 1814, and came to this country in 1833. They have two children : Philip, born Feb. 16, 1855, and Leonard, born Oct, 30, 1856. He owns 160 acres of land, which, for fertility of soil and im provement, will compare with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Roman Catholic church ; and his wife and sons are members of the German Lutheran church. He is now one of the well-to-do farmers of the township. Kramer C. farmer; sec.114; P. O. Quincy. KRONER GERHARD, gardener ; Sec. 11; P.O. Quincy; was born in Han over, Germany, March 9, 1816 ; emigrated to this country in 1840, and settled in this county. In 1841, he was married to Miss Mary Starman. By this marriage he has had three children, two of whom are now living, one son and one daughter. She died in 1851. In 1852 he was married to his second, and present, wife, who was Miss Mary Hoeddinghaus. She was born in Germany, June 5, 1834. They have had thirteen children, only three of whom are now living, one son and two daughters. He owns sixty acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, well improved, supplied with fruit, and valuable. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Roman Cath- olic church. He is one of the energetic and enterprising citizens of the township, who have been so conducive to its welfare. KRONER JOHN H., farmer and fruit-grower; Sec. 13; P. O. Quincy; was born in this township, May 10, 1847 ; was educated in the schools of the county ; and on the 28th of January, 1869, was married to Miss Sarah J. Felt. She was born on the place they now reside on, July 7, 1849. They have four children, two sons and two daugh ters : Albert T, born Jan. 7, 1871 ; John G, born Feb. 7, 1873 ; Mary A, born Aug. 10, 1875, and Cora J, bom Nov. 11, 1877. He owns thirty acres of land, which, for fertility of soil and improvement, will compare favorably with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Roman Catholic church. Lake Herman, farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Quincy. Lake Joseph, farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Quincy. Lamber Joseph, farmer ; Sec . 23 ; P.O. Quincy. Layman J. P. farmer ; sec. 5; P.O.Quincy. Lee AnnieS. P. O. Quincy. Lentz Nicholas, farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Quincy. Lepper Frederick, farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Qnincy. Linnemann J. farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Ouincy. LOOS GEORGE F„ farmer; Sec. 34; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born on the section adjoining the one on which he now resides, Aug. 10, 1848 ; was educated in the schools of this county, and on Nov. 16, 1869, was married to Miss Erelia Louisa Heidenrich, (daughter of Henry Hei- denrich,) of Quincy. She was born Feb. 2, 1851. They have three children: William, Charles and Frank. He owns 103 acres of land in a high state of cultivation, well im proved and supplied with fruit and very val uable. He is a Democrat in politics and a member of the German Lutheran church. He is at present School Director, which office he has held for the past six years, and is one of the enterprising and well-to-do farmers of the township. LOOS WILLIAM, farmer; Sec. 33; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch MELROSE DIRECTORY. 781 was born on the farm he now owns and oc cupies, Oct. 25, 1852. He received his edu cation in the schools of this county, and also of La Grange, Mo. He is the third son of Michael Loos, one of the early -.settlers of the township. He assisted his father in his farming operations up to the time of his death, which occurred in March, 1872. Mr. Loos owns 118 acres of land, which for fer tility of soil and improvement, will compare favorably with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics and a member of the German Evangelical Lutheran church. He is Constable of the township, which office he has held for the past two years, and is one of the young, energetic and industrious citi zens of the county, to whom it looks for a continuance of its present prosperity. Lubbe C. farmer ; sec. 9 ; P. O. Quincy. M McCormick J. F. farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Quincy. McDonald H. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Qnincy. Mclntyre C. E. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Quincy. Mclntyre Mrs. M. P. 0. Quincy. McINTYRE RORERT (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born in Don egal, Ireland, April 12, 1814; emigrated to this country in 1837, and settled in Mauch Chunk, Pa, where he lived two years and then moved to Lehigh county, and contracted to raise iron ore for the Crane Iron Company, in which business he continued for a num ber of years. He was married to Miss Maria Enbody, a native of Mauch Chunk, in 1844, who, with seven children, survives her hus band. From 1841 until 1858 he was em ployed at the Catasaqua Furnaces, and also on the Lehigh Valley R. R, Doylestown Branch of the N. P. R. R, and others. In 1858 he was awarded the contract for build ing the "Cabin John" bridge, at Washing ton, D. C, and was engaged for eight years in the completion of this prodigious under taking. In 1864 he moved to Quincy, where he resided up to the time of his death, which occurred, March 12, 1876. Before his removal to this county he made large pur chases of real estate in the immediate vicin ity of the city, which became very valuable. He was a man of remarkably cheerful dis position, and his courtesy and affability were the sunshine of many social gatherings. He gave his personal supervision to his farming here, and which, while it occupied all his time, gave him pleasant employment. He was at his own request, hurried with Masonic honors, having been a member of the Order for a long time. As a public spirited man he was always ready to do anything or assist any enterprise, if deserving, by contributions of time and money. No hand outstretched to him for needed aid was ever turned away empty.Maas G. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Quincy. Magaue J. farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Quincy. Manigold H. farmer; esc. 27; P.O. Quincy. Manigold M. farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Quincy. Manigold W. farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Qnincy. Marker John, farmer; sec. SI; P. O. Quincy. Marks L. P. O. Quincy. Mast August, farmer ; sec. 27 ; P. O. Quincy. MAST CHRISTIAN F. farmer; Sec. 18; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in this township, Jan. 15, 1850 ; was educated in the schools of the county, and in Feb. 1870, was married to Miss Mary E. Freese, (daughter of Wm. Freese,) of Quincy, born Aug. 1, 1850. They have had four children, two of whom are now living: Joseph C. W. and Benjamin C. He owns thirty -nine acres of land in a high state of cultivation, He is Democratic in politics and a member of the Roman Catho lic church. He is clerk of Melrose township, which office he has held for the past two years. He is one of the energetic and indus trious sons of the county, to whom she looks for a continuance of its present prosperity. Mast J. B. farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Quincy. Meacham Samuel, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Burton. Merer August, farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Quincy. Merer Fred, farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Quincy. MeisterChas. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Quincy. Melvering B.Jfarmer; sec. 13; P. O. Quincy. MERKER NICHOLAS, farmer; Sec. 30; P. O. Quincy; was born in this township, on his present farm, March 27, 1842. He received his education in the schools of the county, and in 1865 was mar ried to Miss Elizabeth Voth, a native of Germany. They have two children : Casper Geo. F. and Mary. He owns about 130 acres of land, which, for soil and improvement, will compare with any in the township. He is Republican in politics, and a member of the German Lutheran church. He has been School Director for nine years, and is now one of the large and well-to-do farmers of the county, and one of those to whom it 782 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. looks for a continuance of its present pros perity. His father, George Merker, came to the county, from Germany, in a very early day, and settled the farm on which Nicholas now lives. Miller Samuel, farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Quincy. MONTAG GEORGE C, farmer; Sec. 25; P. O. Quincy; was born in the vil lage of Hosmer, Prussia, Dec. 29, 1825 ; was educated in the schools of his native country, and on the 31st day of October, 1851, emi grated to this country, and settled in this county. On August 20, 1862, he enlisted in Co. H, 2d Regt. 111. Art, and served three years. In 1866 he was married to Miss Bar bara Ertal. She was born and raised in Bavaria. They have six children, three sons aud three daughters. He owns seventy acres of land in a high state of cultivation, well improved and supplied with fruit, and very valuable. He is a Democrat in politics, and a member of the German Lutheran church. He is, at present, Township Assessor, which office he has held for four years ; has been Collector of the township for two years. He is also member of the Democratic Central Committee.Montag Henry, farmer; sec. 25; P.O. Quincy. Moore George C. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Quincy. N Nelson Mrs. A. P.O.Quincy. Newman George, farmer; see. 31; P. O. Quincy. Niekamp Fred, farmer; sec. 32; P.O.Quincy. Offenberger L. farmer; sec. 35; P; O. Payson. Ominert Casper, farmer: sec. 2: P. O. Quincy. O'Neal W. farmer: sec. 17: P. O Quincy. Osborn C. C. farmer; sec. 4: P.O. Quincy. PAPE FREDERICK, miller; Sec. 28; P. O. Quincy; was born in Han over, Prussia, Aug. 24, 1820; was educated in the schools of his native country. At the age of sixteen began the milling business. In 1847 he emigrated to this country, and, after working in some of the mills of Quincy, 111, Dubuque, Iowa, and other places, for about two years, he settled in Payson, this county, and bought what is known as the Payson Windmill. In 1851 he was married to Miss Margaret Eaton, a native of Scotland. She was born in April, 1826, and died in Payson, July 14, 1862. By this marriage he had six children, three of whom are still living, one son and two daughters. In June, 1864, he purchased and began running the Melrose Mills, where he manufactures some choice brands of flour. On the 5th of June, 1878, he married his second, and present, wife, who was Mrs. Jennet Palmer (widow of John Palmer). She was born in Scotland, May 1, 1828. She has, by her previous marriage, three children, two sons and one daughter. He is a Democrat in politics, and a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, of Quincy. She and the rest of the family are members of the Payson Congregational church.Parsons J. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Quincy. Perkins Jacob, farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Quincy. Perkins William, farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Quincy. Peter Joseph, farmer ; sec. 25 ; P . O. Quincy. Peters Barney, farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Qnincy. Peters Jacob, farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Quincy. Peters John, farmer ; sec. 13; P. O. Quincy. Peters J. M. farmer, sec. 22; P. O. Quincy. PFEIFFER FREDERICK, farmer; Sec. 25 ; P. O. Quincy; was born in Germany, Sept. 10, 1828 ; emigrated to this country in 1854, and settled in this county; was married to Miss Elizabeth Schanz, in May, 1857 (daughter of Philip Schanz, of Melrose township). They have had twelve children, six of whom are still living, three sons and three daughters. He owns 160 acres of land, which, for fertility of soil and improvement, will compare with any in the county. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the German Lutheran church. He is School Director at present, and has held other local offices, and is one of the most energetic and enterprising citi zens of the township, and one of those to whom the county looks for a continuance of its present prosperity. Pfleuger William, farmer; sec. 9; P. 0. Quincy. POLITSCH HENRY, farmer; Sec. 32; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Germany, Oct. 30, 1809, and was educated in the schools of his na- five country. In 1836 he was married to Miss Christiana Ruhl, a native of the same place as her husband, born Oct. 16, 1816. In 1840, he, with his wife and two children, em igrated to this country, and settled in Pitts- MELROSE DIRECTORY. 783 burg, Pa, where he lived some two years, and then removed to Illinois and settled in Adams county. He has had eight children, four of whom are now living, three sons and one daughter : Charles, Mary (now the wife of F. J. Wilson, of Pike county), Thomas, and William. He owns 185 acres, of land; the home place contains 160 acres which for soil and improvement, will compare favor ably with any in the township. He is Dem ocratic in politics, and a member of the German Lutheran church, and one of the large and well-to-do farmers of the county. Towell Mary R. P.O.Quincy. R Rapp John, farmer ; sec. 27; P. O. Qnincy. Re ner Geo. farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Qaincy. RednerMary, farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Quincy. Reed Robt . farmer ; sec. 1 ; P. O. Burton. REEDER DANIEL A., farmer; Sec. 19 ; P. O. Quincy. He was born on the farm he now owns, April 14, 1851 ; received his education in the schools of this county. In March, 1874, he was married to Miss Susan V. Croson (daughter of Alexander Croson, of Fall Creek township), born Sept. 8, 1856. They have two children: Albert, born March 19, 1875, and Ora E, born Aug. 19, 1878; He owns seventy-two acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, well im proved, supplied with fruit, and very valua ble. He is Republican in politics, and attends the M. E. church. His father, Dan iel Reeder, came to this county from Todd county, Ky, in 1830 ; was during life one of the most valued and highly esteemed citi zens of the township. He died in this town ship in 1861. Reeder F. S. farmer; sec. 19; P. O. Quincy. REEDER JOHN J., farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. Quincy. He was born in Todd county, Ky., Feb. 26, 1826. In the spring of 1830 he landed in this county with his pa rents, and settled on the section he now re sides on ; was educated in the schools of this county, and in May, 1853, was married to Miss Mary R. Demaree, daughter of Samuel Demaree. She was born in Stark county ,Ohio, June 1,1830. Nine children, five ot whom are now living: Edith, Al bert, Fanny, Daniel, and Jesse. He owns 264 acres of land, the greater part of which 50 is in a high state of cultivation and elegant ly improved, on which he has one of the finest, if not the finest, orchards in the county. He is Republican, and a member of the M. E. church. Mr. Reeder is one of the very few early settlers now left. His father, Daniel Reeder, was during life one of the most energetic and industrious' citizens of the township ; one of those to whom she owes her present prosperous and flourishing condition. He died Nov. 16, 1860, in his 65th year, leaving his widow, who is still living. Reeder Wm. farmer; sec. 17; P. O. Qnincy. Reinhart Jacob, farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Qaincy. REIS WILLIAM, farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Butler county, Ohio, Oct. 8, 1845. In his early boyhood he, with his father, Geo. Reis, and the balance of the family, moved to this county, where he re ceived his early education, and in 1870 was married to Miss Lizzie J. Berberet. She was bora in Ohio county, W. Va, Feb. 11, 1853. They have two children, Emma and Augusta. He owns sixty and one-half acres of land, which will compare favorably with any in the county. He is Democratic in pol itics, and a member of the Roman Catholic chui-ch, and is one of the young, energetic and industrious sons of the county. Reuter Wm. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Qaincy. Richard Louisa, P. O. Quincy. Richard A. H. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Quincy. Robbins J. P. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Quincy. Roth Urban, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Burton. Ruby Wm. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Qnincy. RUPP HENRY, farmer; Sec. 27; P. O. Quincy. He was born on the farm he now occupies, Dec. 21, 1851. His father, John Rupp, came to this county in a very early day, and settled in Melrose township. He has five children, one of whom is the subject of this sketch. He received his early education in the public schools of this county, and at St. Anthony's school in this township. On the 10th of Oct. 1876, he was married to Miss Mary Jacoby (daughter of Lewis Jacoby, of Marion county, Mo.), where she was born in November, 1852. They have one child, Frank J, born June 26, 1878. He is cultivating his father's farm, containing ninety-five acres on Mill Creek, which for fertility of soil and improvements 784 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. will compare with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Roman Catholic church of this town ship. s Sanders J. H. farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Quincy. Schaffer Wm. farmer; sec. 25; P.O. Quincy. Schaffnet L. farmer; sec. 31 ; P. O. Qnincy. Schnellbecker J. farmer: sec. 36; P. O. Millville. Schnellbecker J. W. farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Payson. Schnellbecker W. farmer; sec. 31; P. O. Quincy. Schneider Adam, farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Quincy. Schrecke B. farmer; sec. 34; P. 0. Quincy. SchreckeF. farmer; sec. 34; P. 0. Quincy. Schroeder C. farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Quincy. Schroeder Simon, farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Quincy. Schuchman H. farmer; sec. 22: P. O. Quincy. \ Sheer Peter, farmer; sec.L36; P. 0. Payson. Sherrick Lucy P. P. O. Quincy. Sburring A. farmer; Bee. 5; P.O. Quincy. Sieber J. farmer; Bee. 14; P. O. Quincy. Siebrasse Wm. farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Quincy. Sittler J. J. farmer; sec. 14: P. O-tBurton. SCHMIDT CHARLES, farmer; Sec. 36; P. O. Quincy; was born in Ger many, Oct. 1, 1829; was educated in the schools of his native country, and, on Feb. 22, 1857, he was married to Miss Yetta Reese, and emigrated to this country, May 28 of the same year, and settled in Hancock county, where he lived nine years, and then removed to this county. They have six children, four sons and two daughters. He owns 120 acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, elegantly improved, and which, for quality and quantity of its pro ductions, will compare with any in the county. He is Republican in politics, and a member of the Evangelical church. He is at present school director, which position he has held for three years past. SCHNEIDER RARTHOL- MEW, farmer; Sec. 4; P. O. Quincy; was born in Bavaria, Prussia, Dec. 15, 1809 ; came to this country in 1833, and settled in New Jersey, where he lived three years, and, in 1836, moved to this county, where he has resided ever since ; was married in New Jersey to Miss Dorathy Strowmenger, in the same year he came to this county. She was born in Germany, Aug. 31, 1815. They have nine children, two sons and seven daughters. He owns 125 acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, well improved, abundantly supplied with fruit, and very valuable. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Roman Catholic church. His son, John, whose biography appears in this work, enlisted in Co. K, of the 36th Regt. 111. Inf, and served three years. SCHNEIDER JOHN, farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Quincy; was born in this township, Aug. 15, 1850 ; . was educated in the schools of this county, and, in 1874, was married to Miss Frances Twische. She was born in Ellington township, Jan. 30, 1850. They have two children : Henry, born May 21, 1875, and George, born Aug. 27, 1878. He owns eighty-one acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, well improved, supplied abundantly with fruit, and very valuable. He is Independent in politics, and a mem ber of the Roman Catholic church. He en listed in the 36th U. S. Inf., in Septem ber, 1867, which was afterward consolidated with the 7th, and still bears that number. He served three years on the western frontier, doing good service in the Indian troubles. SCHNELL JOHN, farmer; Sec. 33 ; P. O. Quincy ; was born in Germany, July 25, 1833. He received his early education in the schools of his native country, and, at the age of twenty years, emigrated to this country, and settled in this township ; was married, in 1868, to Miss Helen Struck (daughter of Mr. Struck, deceased, of Lo- raine). They have three children: Lizzie, Anna and August. He owns eighty acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, well improved, and very valuable. He is Demo cratic in politics, and a member of the Ger man Lutheran church, of Fall Creek town ship. He is at present school director, and is one of the large and well-to-do farmers who began life in the township poor. SHEER DAVID, farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Burton. The subject of this sketch was bom in Buffalo, N. Y, Oct. 10, 1828. When he was about two years old, his parents moved to Tuscarawas county, Ohio, where he received his early education. In 1845, he, with the balance of his father's family, removed to this county, and settled in Melrose township. In the spring of 1850, he made .an overland trip to California, and returned home in January, 1852, and, in February of the same year, he was married to Miss Eliza Herleman, a native of Penn sylvania. They have eight children, four MELROSE DIRECTORY. 785 sons and four daughters. Shortly after his marriage, he purchased the farm on which he now resides, which contains 430 acres, which, for fertility of soil and improve ment, is rarely equaled, and not excelled, in the county. As a stock raiser, ho has been a success, and pays a great deal of attention to the raising of fine blooded cattle and hogs. He was raised a Democrat, but flew the track, and voted for Mr. Lincoln for President both times, and then returned to the Democratic ranks, where he may be found to-day. He has represented Melrose township for seven terms in the county Board of Supervisors, and is numbered among the largest and most enterprising farmers of the county, notwithstanding he began life poor. Smith Charlotte ; P. 0- Quincy. Smith F. L. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Quincy. SMYTH WILLIAM, farmer; Sec. 5 ; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was bol-n in County Donegal, Ireland, in the vicinity of Londonderry, Aug. 12, 1825. He was educated in the schools of his native country, and, in 1840, emigrated to this country, and settled in Melrose township. In 1864 he was married to Miss Barbara Wray, a native of the same county as her husband, and born May 13, 1842. They have five children : Emily A, born Aug. 16, 1867; Lizzie B, born Jan. 28, 1869; Alice C, born March 9, 1873 ; Wm. J, born Jan. 25, 1875, and Edith, born April 20, 1878. He has been school director and road commissioner each, for several terms. He owns 275 acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, which, for fertile soil and im provement, will compare with any in the county. He is Democratic in politics, and one of the large and well-to-do farmers of the county, notwithstanding he began life poor.Stafford Mary A. P. O. Qnincy. Steaderman P.farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Barton. STEWART REV. WILLIAM, horticulturist; Sec. 12; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Cutler, Washington county, Maine, June 18, 1830 ; moved to this county with his father in the spring of 1836, and settled in Payson. He received his education in the public schools of Payson, and at the Madison University at Hamilton, Madison county, N. Y. He was married in 1850 to Miss Sarah E. Kay, daughter of Gabriel Kay, of Payson. She died in 1860. By this marriage he had four children, three of whom are now living — two sons and one daughter. In 1856 he was or dained to the ministry of the Baptist church, at Payson. In 1801 he was again married, this time to Miss Maggie R. Kay, daughter of Robert Kay, of Payson. By this marriage he has had four children, three of whom are now living — one son and two daughters. The first six years of his ministerial life was spent as pastor for different congregations, since which time liis services have been to all intents and purposes gratuitous, he hav ing received no pecuniary reward to amount to anything. In the spring of 1851 he en tered into a partnership with his father in the nursery business, at Payson, and in the fall of the same year they purchased what is now known as the "Fawley Place" (then known as the " Pinney Place"), and started the Quincy Nursery in the spring of 1852 ; and in 1853 they purchased the Hannibal Nursery, making in all three nurseries they owned and operated. In 1854 he sold his interest out to his brother. In 1853, he, as temporary secretary, in company with his father, Edward Everett, and others, organ ized the first agricultural society of the county, and held the first fair in the county. In the fall of the same year they exhibited some of their fruit at the State Fair, and were awarded several first premiums. The first horticultural society of the county was organized with Mr. Stewart as Secretary and Treasurer, which position he occupied for a number of years. In tlie spring of 1862 he purchased and commenced improving the beautiful suburban place he now occupies, and has succeeded in bringing it to a degree of perfection rarely equaled, and not sur passed, in the county. Its productions rank among the finest that come to the Quincy market, and have taken numerous first pre miums at state and county fairs. He is In dependent in politics, and one of the most valued of the county's citizens. Stormer J. W. farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Quincy. Summers Mrs. E. L. P. O. Quincy. SUMMERS HENRY, farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Harrison county, Ky, 786 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Dec. 12, 1815. He received his early edu cation in the schools of his native county, and on May 1, 1853, landed in this county and settled on his present farm ; was married in 1843 to Miss Precilla Young, a native of Pike county, Mo. By this marriage she had two children, both of whom are dead. She died Nov. 9, 1861. On the 29th of Jan uary, 1863, he was again married to Miss Martha Alexander. She was a native of Scotland county, Mo, by whom he has had eight children, six of whom are still living — two sons and four daughters: Jessie N, George, John, Amy, Annie, and Eva. He owns 130 acres of land, which, for fertility of soil and improvement, will compare with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics; is at present School Director; has been Commissioner of Highways for fourteen years. Summers Jas. farmer; sec. 18; P. 0. Quincy. Summers Maggie, P. O. Quincy. Summers N. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Quincy. Taller J. B. farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Quincy. Tansman H. farmer ; sec. 36 ; P.O. Millville. Tempe Jos. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Quincy. Terwische Jos. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Quincy. Thompson N. C. farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Payson. Thrig Henry, farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Quincy. Tyrer E. P. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Qaincy. Tyrer Chloe, P. O. Quincy. Tyrer G. W. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Quincy. Tyrer W. L. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Quincy. u UpBhulter J. G. farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Qaincy. V Yogel Elizabeth, P. O. Quincy. VOLLRATH JOHN, farmer; Sec. 23; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Germany, June 28, 1816 ; received his education in the schools of his native country; and on the 11th of July, 1840, emigrated to this country and settled in New Orleans, where he lived six years and taught school. In May, 1846, he re moved to Adams county, 111, where he was married, on Dec. 10, 1847, to Miss Mary Kirkmann, a native of Germany, bom March 31, 1824. They have had eight children, seven of whom arc now living, three sons and four daughters. In 1849 he purchased * and began improving the beautiful farm on which he now resides, which contains 167 acres, of fine soil and well improved, and will compare with any in the county. He is Republican in politics, and a member of the M. E. church. He has been School Director for some eighteen years, has also been Justice of the Peace for Melrose town ship, and is now one of the enterprising farmers of the county. He began life poor. Has been Superintendent of the Sabbath School since his settlement here, with the exception of a few 3'ears. lie is also holding numerous other church offices. Voth Casper, farmer; sec. 31; P. O. Quincy. w WAGNER JACOR, farmer; Sec. 29; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Lebanon county, Penn, Feb. 25, 1810, where he received his early education, and learned to read both the English and German while living on his father's farm. On the 12th of May, 1837, he landed at Hannibal, Mo, and lived there nearly two years. In December, 1838, he settled on his present farm. He is a mill wright by trade, at which he worked for a few years after coming west. He was mar ried, Sept. 21, 1841, to Miss Mary Ann Brown, of Missouri, born in Shenandoah county, Va, Oct. 15, 1824. They have had eight children, five of whom are still living. He began life poor, but is now numbered among the large and well-to-do farmers of the town ship. Republican in politics; and he and his family are membors of the Methodist church, he for nearly fifty years, and his wife since 1840. HewasastrongUnion man during the rebellion. He cast his first vote for Gen eral Harrison for President, and speaks with , pride of having voted both times for Abra ham Lincoln. Owns 264 acres of land. Wagner Peter, farmer ; sec. 4 ; P. O. Quincy. Waldron C. G. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Quincy. Walker John, farmer; sec. 21; P. O. Quincy. Walters E. R. farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Quincy. Walters John, farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Quincy. Ward H. W. farmer; sec. 34 ; P. O. Quincy. Ward Joseph,' farmer; sec. 21 ; P. O. Quiucy. Warren C. A. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Qaincy. Weber Fred, farmer; sec. 36; P.O. Millville. Weber Louisa, P. O. Quincy. Weibring B. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Quincy. Wcidman B. fanner ; Bee. 11 ; P. O. Quincy. Weiman Anton, farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Quincy. Welsenberger G. farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Quincy. (deceased) MENDON MELROSE DIRECTORY. 787 Weiters Fred, farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Qaincy. Weilman Wm, farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Quincy. Welitin C. farmer; sec. 31 ; P. O. Quincy. Werner Mrs. M. A. P.O.Quincy. Wheeler John, farmer; sec. 17; P. O. Quincy. Westman Louis, farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Quincy. Wengel J. farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Quincy. WISKERCHEN HENRY, farmer; Sec. 13; P. O. Quincy. The subject of this sketch was born in Germany, Dec. 17, 1818. Was educated in the schools of his native country, and in 1845 emigrated to this country and settled on his present farm in Melrose township. In June, 1853, he was married to Miss Emelia Fendrick. She was born in Germany, Dec. 8, 1829, and came to this country in 1854. They have had ten children, nine of whom are still living, seven sons and two daughters. He owns 220 acres of land, the most of which is in a high state of cultivation, and for fertility of soil and improvement, will compare favorably with any in the county.- He is Democratic in politics and a member of the Roman Catholic church, and is one of the large and well-to-do farmers of the county, notwith standing he began life poor. Wiskerchen P. J. farmer; sec. 13; P. 0. Quincy. Wolf John, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Burton. Wolfe Wm. farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Qaincy. Young Jacob, farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Quincy. z Zopp Adam, farmer; sec. '23; P. o. Quincy. MENDDJNT township. Adair Jas. farmer; sec. 28; P. O. Marcelline. Allison Henry, teamster; P. O. Mendon. Anderson E. teamster; P. O. Mendon. ANDREW JAMES, farmer; Sec. 25; P. O. Mendon: was born in Adams county, Penn, Dec. 1, 1823; was married to Miss Margaret L. Seabrooks in 1849. She was born Jan. 4, 1818, They have five chil dren: Patience E, .born Sept. 7, 1847; Wil liam, born Oct. 17, 1849; James M, born Jan. 31, 1854; John, bom Oct. 23, 1856, and Virginia, born April 29, 1860. He came to this county in February, 1854. He owns 435 acres of land, most of which is highly cultivated, well improved, stocked with fruit, and very valuable. He is a Republican in politics, and his family are members of the Lutheran church. Arnold Mrs. Elizabeth, P. 0. Mendon. Asher Preston, farmer; sec. 34; P.O. Mendon, Atwater Mrs. E. P.O. Mendon. Austin J. C. farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Mendon. Austin Wm. B. farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Menddn. Baker J. O. farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Mendon. Baldwin G. D. farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Mendon. Baldwin H. B. capitalist; P. O. Mendon. Barclay Daniel, farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Mendon. Barclay Mrs. E. A. P. O. Mendon. Barclay Ira, farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Mendon. Barclay W. P. farmer : sec. 2; P. O. Mendon. Barnett Davis, re'ired; P. O. Mendon. Barnett Wm. farmer; sec. 28; P. O. Marcelline. Barry G. farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Mendon. Barry G. B. farmer; sec, 26; P. O. Mendon. Battell Mrs. Richard, P. O. Metdon. BEHRINCJER GEORGE F., clergymam; P. O. Mendon: was born in New York City, Oct. 13, 1846 ; taught in the city grammar schools there from 1863 to 1866 ; studied at Pennsylvania college, Gettysburg, from 1866 to 1868; graduated at the Cornell University at Ithaca, New York, as the first graduate in 1869 ; was appointed Assistant Professor of German Language and Litany at the Cornell University, 1869 to 1870; spent three years at the German and French Universities abroad, finishing at Leipzig, in 1873 ; returned home and received the ap pointment of acting Professor of Rhetoric and modern languages at Howard University, in Washington, D. C, in 1874; received and accepted a call from the Evangelical Lutheran church at Indianapolis, December 1876 ; accepted a call to the Salem Evangel ical Lutheran Church in Mendon, September 788 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 1878 ; married Mary Jane Vail Colburn of New York City, Nov. 26, 1874. She was born July 15, 1851. Two children: George Frederick, born Aug. 16, 1875 ; Jennie Louise, born Nov. 28, 1877. BENTON ARRAHAM, general merchant ; P. 0. Mendon ; was born in New Haven county, Conn, Nov. 9, 1816; came to this county in 1834; was married to Miss Sarah D. Chittenden m 1838. She was born in the same county. They have two chil dren : Sarah Jane, and Ruth Frances. Mr. Benton is one of the early and enterprising citizens who have used their energies toward the county's advancement and improvement, and to whom it owes its present flourishing condition. He has been a merchant in Men don for forty-four years, and has met with most remarkable success. He started in a small way, and has accumulated very con siderable means. Is Republican in politics, and a member of the Congregational church. Betts C. E. farmer; P. O. Mendon. Betts James, farmer; sec. 11 ; P. O. Mendon. Borts John M. confectioner. P. O. Mendon. Bowers Wm. farmer; sec. 15; P. 0. Mendon. BRADLEY DANIEL (deceased) was one of the early settlers of Adams county. He was a native of Connecticut; having been born iu the town of East Haven, in. that State in the year 1810. He came to Illinois with his father's family, and in company with Col. John B. Chittenden and family, in the year 1831 , located in what is now Mendon township, and purchased in the spring of 1832, thefarm now occupied by Peter Wible, and made it his home until the spring of 1852, when he removed to the village of Mendon, where, with the excep tion of one year, he continued to reside the remainder of his life, being most of the time engaged in mercantile pursuits. In the spring of 1866 he purchased an interest in the flouring mill located in Mendon, then, and now known as the " Pearl Mills," and was the principal owner of the same at the time of his death, which occurred in the early part of 1867. During the.fourth year of his residence in this State, 1834, Mr. Bradley married Josephine B. Brown, of New York, a niece of Jeremiah Rose, and Rufus Brown, both of whom were among the earl- iestsettlers of Quincy. Mr and Mrs. Brad ley had seven children. Mrs. Bradley and four of the children are still living. In the year 1834, Mr. Bradley made a profession of re ligion, and united with the Congregational church of Mendon, of which he was ever afterward a faithful and consistent member, striving to live eminently a practical, as well as a professed Christian life. Politically, Mr. Bradley in early life acted with the Whig party ; in later years with the old Free Soil party, and finally, upon the general dis ruption of old parties, he took an active part in the organization of the Republican party in Adams county, of which party he re mained a leading member as long as he lived. He was a man of strict integrity, hon orable in all his transactions, acting always from principle rather than policy; gener ously benevolent and public-spirited, he was always ready to encourage, and assist any enterprise calculated to result in good, or to advance the true interests of the community in which he lived. The se qualities, in which he excelled, were characteristic of The early settlers of Mendon, and have left their im press, never to be obliterated. Their results are to be seen to-day in the enterprise of its citizens; its moral sentiment; the liberal support given to its various churches; its public schools, and the almost universal respect shown for law and order. Bradley D. A. miller; P. O. Mendon. BRADLEY S. H., merchant miller, Mendon. He was born in Mendon, Oct. 11, 1838 ; engaged in the milling business with his father in 1866, and is now doing a fine business, being the only merchant miller in the town. His father, Daniel Bradley, came to the place in 1832, and during life was numbered among the earliest settlers of the town and township. He owns some very valuable property in Mendon, not the least of which is the magnificent and extensive flouring mill which he now runs. He is Republican in politics, and one of the enter prising citizens who add to the prosperity and enterprise of Mendon. Bray D.C. larmer; sec. 1 ; P. 0. Mendon. Bray John, retired; P. O. Mendon. Bredaway G. farmer; sec. 28; P.'.O. Mendon. Brenner Henry, farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Mendon. RROWN L. F., physician and sur geon, Mendon. He was born in Grant county, Wis, Feb. 3, 1841 ; was raised on a (deceased) MENDON 0&s**S MENDON DIRECTORY. 789 farm; enlisted July, 1862, in the 20th Regt, Wis. Inf, and served until the close of the war. He married Miss Angie L. King, of Hamilton, Hancock county, 111, July 1, 1866 • graduated from the College of Physicians' and Surgeons, in Keokuk, Iowa, in class of 1874, and located in Mendon, July 6th of the same year, where he still continues in ac tive practice to present date. Brown Mary F. P. O. Mendon. Brown W. J. merchant; P. O. Mendon. Bryant Hiram, farmer; sec. 4; P. O. Mendon. CANNELL ROBERT, farmer; Sec. 27 ; P. O. Mendon. He was born in the Parish of Kirk Braddan, Baldwyn, Balla- wellen, Isle of Man, Dec. 18, 1830; came to this country and settled in Quincy in 1853, where he remained one year ; then went on the C, R. I. & P. R. R. as locomotive en gineer for about fifteen months ; after which he returned to the county, and lived in El lington township till the breaking out of the war, when he was employed in the Commis sary Department for about six months. He then returned to the county and has made Mendon township his home ever since. He was married to Miss Ellen Shoaf in 1867. She was born in Elizabeth township, Alle ghany county, Pa. The}- have three chil dren, one boy and two girls : Mary A, born Jan, 10, 1868; Nevada, .born Oct. 31, 1869, and Robert A, bom March 25, 1878. He owns eighty-five acres of laud, in a good state of cultivation, stocked with fruit and valu able. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Episcopal church. He is one of the enterprising citizens, always looking after the county's prosperity and advancement. Carl David, farmer; sec. 3; IP. O. Mendon. Carroll John, farmer; sec. 36; P. O. Fowler. CasleyMrs. P. O. Mendon. Casley Jacob, farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Mendon. ChidseyMiss F. M. school teacher; P. O. Mendon, CHITTENDEN ABRAHAM, Sr., farmer; Sec. 36', P. O. Mendon. He was born in Guilford, Conn, Dec. 15, 1824. He was married to Miss Letitia Barclay, in December, 1852. She was born in Lyons, N. Y. They have three children: Henry F, Sarah E. and Abraham, Jr. He owns 155 acres of improved land, abundantly stocked with fruit ; was Republican in pol itics up to the passage of the Resumption Act, which measure he'did not consider con ducive to the best interests of the country. He left the party and joined the American National Greenback party. He is also a member of the Congregational church. His father, John B. Chittenden, caihe to this county in December, 1831, and was, during life, one of the most energetic and enterpris ing of its citizens, to whom it owes its pres ent prosperous condition, and died in 1863. CHITTE1VDEN CHARLES A„ farmer and stock dealer; Sec. 36; P. O. Mendon; was born on the farm on which he now lives, April 7, 1857. His father, John A. Chittenden, was one of the early settlers of Mendon; was born in Guilford county, Conn, and removed. to Mendon in 1831, where he resided until his death, which occurred Oct, 26, 1872. He was an enterprising man, ever having the good of the community at heart. He left a well- improved farm, ot which his son, Charles A, since his death, has charge. Chittenden Mrs. E.-sec. 12; P. O. Mendon. CHITTENDEN COL. JOHN R. (deceased), the founder of the village of Mendon, and one of the early settlers of Adams county, was born at Guilford, Conn, Jan. 16, 1790, and was the fourth of seven ' children of Deacon Abraham Chittenden, of that place. His early life .was spent chiefly in agricultural pursuits in his native place. At an early age he became an active member of the Congregational church of Guilford, and in his twenty-first year was chosen deacon, which office he continually held until he removed to the valley of the Mis sissippi, in the fall of 1831. He intermar ried with Eliza Robinson, daughter of Col. Samuel Robinson, of Guilford, on the 12th clay of January, 1814, by whom was born to him seven children, three of whom are now living. In September, 1831, with his wife and their four boys in a two-horse covered wagon, he started for Illinois, Quincy being his objective point, and was joined by Mr. Samuel Bradley and family, and others, at East Haven, Conn, making, in all, an emi grant train of five wagons and thirty-six per sons, all bound for the same destination. In this undertaking he had two distinct objects in view ; first, to establish, strengthen, and extend, the Christian religion, by the organ- 790 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. ization of churches, Sunday-schools, Bible classes, etc. ; second, to better provide for his family of boys in a new country. After some three months of trials and hardships incident to such travel at that time, he found himself and family frozen in on the Mississippi river at " Scipeo," near Hannibal, Mo, from whence, after waiting three weeks, a team was secured from Quincy;' and finally the family arrived at Quincy in safety, by way of the river, on the ice, in December, 1831, where they were entertained the first night most hospitably by Governor John Wood, in his then log cabin residence under the bluff below town. Passing the residue of the winter of 1831-32 at Quincy, the subject of this sketch visited several portions of Adams county, with a view to location ; and finally, March 2, 1832, purchased of Jacob Gorshong ;an*old French settler) the southwest of eleven, one north, eight west, near the present site of Mendon, which was then a trackless prairie. There was a field of about ten acres, and a log house, on the place bought of Gorshong, to which place he removed with his family immediately after purchase. It was here that his daughter Sarah was born, April 19, 1832 ; and it was in this same log house that .the Congregational church of Mendon was formed, the same being the first Congregational church organized in the State of Illinois. In February, 1833, he purchased the north east quarter of the same section eleven, and soon after laid out and platted the village of Mendon, building himself a house on lot thirteen, which he occupied three years. Subsequently he sold out all his interest in the village, and retired to his farm, ten miles north of Mendon, where he continued to live in comfort and ease, with pleasant surroundings, until the death of his excel lent wife, on the 30th day of October, 1862. A passing notice of this most estimable woman is necessary here to this sketch. Mrs. Eliza Chittenden was a most exemplary lady, whose entire life was even and tranquil like a May morning. Her law was the law of kindness. She never allowed herself to speak an unkind word of anyone; was an earnest, sympathizing Christian, and was honored and beloved by all. None knew her but to love her, None named her but to praise. The loss of such a wife in his declining years overwhelmed him with grief; and this bereavement was the chief cause of his rapid decline and death from nervous exhaustion in less than three months after the death of his wife. He had a clear and logical mind, was an able'reasoner, and was a fluent and in teresting public speaker ; an earnest worker in all causes of reform, unselfish in every thing, seeking always to promote the happi ness of others. His faith in, and love for, the church was unbounded. He was an honest, upright man, and a sincere, consistent Chris tian. His last effort at articulation was to try to catch part of the air of Pleyels Hymn, a favorite piece of devotional music ; and in a few moments he passed to his reward, Jan. 23, 1863, aged 73 years, there to receive the eulogistic commendation, "Well done, good and faithful servant: enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." Chittenden John H. merchant; P. O. Mendon. CHITTENDEN HON. SAM UEL R. may with propriety be regarded as one of the prominent citizens of Adams county. He was born at Guilford, Conn. Oct. 2, 1817, and was the second of seven children of John B. and Eliza Chittenden. He came to Illinois, with his parents, in the fall of 1831, who, in March following, settled in the immediate vicinity of the present vil lage of Mendon, in which village he has been a successful merchant since 1840. On the 2d of January, 1844, he was married to Caro line B. Frisbie, of Mendon, by whom he has three sons : John R, Samuel F, and George R, all now living. Mr. Chittenden is one of the substantial, solid men of the county, and is highly esteemed for his general intelligence and moral character, as well as for his social qualities and generous hospitality. Politi cally he is a decided Democrat, and his party have shown their appreciation of his ability and political integrity in various ways, more particularly in making him State Senator, and also a member of the National Demo cratic Convention at St. Louis. Clair David, farmer ; sec. 27; P. O. Mendon. Clark James, farmer; eec 26; P. O. Mendon. Clark Mary, sec. 23; P. O. Mendon. Conger W. A. farmer; sec. 36; P. O. Fowler. Cook A. D. retired; P. O. Mendon. Cook D. B. farmer; P. O. Mendon. Copelin J. R. retired; Mendon. Copelin R. S. farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Mendon. 1?&^%£&t^X$*i; AfE/VOON MENDON DIRECTORY. 791 CORT PETER, farmer; Sec. 2; P. O. Mendon; was born in Westmoreland Co., Penn, June 20, 1820; came to this county in 1855 ; was married to Miss Margaret White head in 1845. She was born in the same county, June 24, 1824, and died March 4, 1803. They have eight children, one boy and seven girls. He owns 229 acres of land, most of which is cultivated, stocked with fruit, and very valuable. Democratic in politics, and a member of the Lutheran church. He is one of the enterprising citizens, and labors hard for the county's advancement. Cramer H. P. W. constable; P. O. Mendon. Cramer W. R. clerk; P. O. Mendon. CRANK ELIJAH N., farmer; Sec. 26 ; P. O. Mendon ; was born in this county, near the farm he now owns, Dec. 28, 1835 ; was married to Miss Maria L. Poling in 1854. She was born in New York. They have four children : Cornelius, Bertha E, Ann E, and Susan E. He owns 100 acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, abundantly stocked with fruit, and very valuable. Dem ocratic in politics, and a member of the Christian church. Crank J. P. farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Mendon. Crawford John, laborer; P. O. Meadon. Crilley J. W. farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Mendon. D DARBY DANIEL H., general mer chandise and dealer in agricultural imple ments; P. O. Mendon. He was born in Cats- kill, Green Co, New York, July, 19, 1821; located in Mendon in July, 1861 ; married Mary A. Hendrickson, Sept. 27, 1862. She was born in Middletown, Ohio, July 23, 1833. He enlisted in the 119th Regt. 111. Inf, Aug. 9, 1862 ; served three years ; was one of " Pap Smith's" guerrillas; thinks Adams county one of the best parts of creation, and Mendon lies at the upper end. A brother-in-law in the M. E. church. Republican all over ; wife is a Democrat. Davis George, cooper ; P. O. Mendon. Dean Ruth, P. O. Mendon. Dick Jesse, farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Mendon. Dickerman Frank, farmer; sec 36; P.O. Mendon. Dickerman D. L, merchant; P. O. Mendon. Dickerman De Witt, farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Mendon. DICKERMAN IRA R., farmer, Sec. 1 ; P. O. Mendon ; was born in New Ha ven county, Conn, Aug. 7, 1814 ; was mar ried to Miss Laura Smith in 1838. She was born in Geauga county, Ohio. They have three children, all boys. He came to this county in the spring of 1839, owns 140 acres of land, most of which is in a high state of cultivation, improved, stocked with fruit, and quite valuable. Republican in politics. He is one of the old and energetic citizens who has labored hard for the advancement of the county. Donahue Henry, farmer ; .sec. 26 ; P. O. Mendon . Dougherty Francis, farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Fowler. DOUGHERTY JOHN, farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. O. Mendon ; was born in County Derry, Ireland, in March 1818; came to this country in 1843 and settled in Le heigh county, Pa, and engaged in the manu facture of iron up to 1858, when Ire moved to this county ; was married to Miss Jane Eakin, in May 1854. She was born in the same county as her husband. They have six children, four boys and two girls. He owns 160 acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, well stocked with fruit. He is one of the enterprising citizens who have spent their energies and exertions to ward the county's improvement. Republi can in politics, and a member of the Pres byterian church. DUDLEY FRANK F., farmer, Sec. 12; P. O. Mendon: was born in this township, Oct. 25, 1843; was married to Miss Elvira Mbyer, Feb. 25, 1866. She was born in Pennsylvania. They have two children, Henry J. and Oscar F. He owns 160 acres of land, highly cultivated and fine ly improved, stocked with fruit and very val uable. Republican, and a member of the Congregational church. He is one of the energetic and enterprising citizens who labor hard for the county's advancement. Dudley J. H, capitalist; P. O. Mendon. Duffln Mrs. Isiac, P. O. Mendon. Dumbauld Uriah, farmer; P. O. Mendon. Dnrfee A. A. farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Mendon. EVANS GEORGE, farmer; Sec. 35; P. O. Fowler; was born in Gloucester, Mass. Aug. 19, 1813 ; was married to Miss Mary Ann Greene in 1848. She was bom in Maysville Ky, Dec. 17, 1830., They have six children, three boys and three girls. 792 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. He came to this county in 1837 and settled in Quincy, where he resided until 1851, after which time, and up to the present, he has lived on the farm he now occupies and cultivates. He owns 170 acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, and very valuable. He is one of the early, enterprising citizens of the county. He is Republican in politics. Evans James, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Mendon. Ely Jared, druggist; P. 0. Mendon. Ely E. G. P. 0. Mendon. F Fenton Geo. farmer; sec 22; P. O. Ursa. Fifer John, carpenter; P. 0. Mendon. Flack Richard, farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Mendon. Fletcher M. J. farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Mendon. Forsythe Berry, teamster; P. O. Mendon, Fowler Mjrs. Jenette. P. O. Mendon. Francis John, farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Mendon. Francis Joseph, farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Mendon. Francis Vincent, farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Mendon. Frazier Geo. farmer; Bee. 28; P. O. Mendon. French Thos. stone mason; P. O. Mendon. Frisbie M. E. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Mendon. Frost Worthy, farmer; sec. 36; P. O. Fowler. Fuuk Saml. farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Mendon. Furry David, carpenter; P. O. Mendon. Furry Henry, farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Mendon. ' Furry Lewis, farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Mendon. G Gallemore Mrs. P. O. Mendon. GARRETT CABBY R., mer chant; P. O. Mendon; born in Highland county, Ohio, Jan. 15, 1835 ; was married to Miss Frances Fowler, the fall of 1863. She was born in this county. They have, three children : Arthur C, Herbert C. and Willard H. He owns some very valuable property in Mendon, and is senior of the firm of Gar rett & Lunn, dealers in general merchandise in that town. Republican in politics and a member of the Congregational church. He came to this county in September, 1861, and has been a very energetic citizen ever since. Gibbs Wm. blacksmith; P. O. Mendon. Gibson Miss Mary, P. O. Mendon. Gilleland Wm. P. farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Mendon. GILMER RENJAMIN, black smith ; born in Alleghany county, Pa, Sept. 22, 1825 ; came to this county in November, 1847 ; was married to Miss Leah Wilhelm, Oct. 12, 1848. She was born in Mahoning county, O. They have six children, three boys and three girls. He is now President of the Town Board of Mendon ; has been en gaged in the business of blacksmithing ever since his settlement here, and has had wagon making connected with it the most of the time. He owns some valuable town prop erty, that which he lives on is splendidly improved, abundantly stocked with fruit, and in a very desirable location. He is Re publican in politics, and one of the enter- prising citizens to whom the town of Mendon owes its present prosperous condition. • GILMER F. A., butcher; P. 0. Mendon, Golden Mrs. J. W. sec. 23; P.\0. Mendon. Golden John W. farmer; sec. 27 ; P. O . Mendon. Grant Richard, farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Qnincy. GRIFFIN JAMES S., principal ot school; P. O. Mendon; born in Dodge county, Wis, Dec. 2, 1849 ; came to this county in 1873 ; was married to Miss Emma Morris in 1873. She was born in Payson township. He has been principal of the schools of this and Hancock county for the last five years. Mrs. Griffin's parents are among the early and energetic citizens who have been so conducive to the county's pros perity. Mr. Griffin graduated and received the degree of A. M. at Abingdon, in this State.Grimes S. S. farmer; sec. 21; P. O Mendon. Grotz Edward, farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Mendon. H Hardesty Samuel, farmer ; sec. 22: P. O. Mendon. Hardy B. farmer: sec. 1; P. O. Mendon. HARDY JOHN C, farmer; Sec. 22; P. 0. Mendon; was born in Overton county, Tenn, Feb. 21, 1817 ; came to this county in 1830, and settled in this township ; was married to Miss Annie Elem, in 1835. She was born in Alabama. They have two children: California E. and Nancy F. He owns a beautiful farm of seventy acres, highly cultivated, elegantly improved, well stocked with fruit, and valuable. He is a Democrat in politics, and his family are members of the Christian church. He is one of the earliest and most enterprising of the county's citizens, and has labored hard for its advancement and prosperity. Harrison Joseph A. shoemaker; P. O. Mendon. Havens Nancy J. Bee. 22 ; P. 0. Ursa. Heaney Edward, farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Mendon. Heaney N. M. larmer; sec. 3; P. O. Mendon. Heany Samuel, farmer; P. 0. Mendon. MENDON DIRECTORY. 793 HENDERSON J. M., miller, Mendon, was born April 19, 1848, in Mahon ing county, Ohio ; moved to Allen county, Ind, in 1852 ; then to Adams county in 1872 ; married Sadie K. Blake. She was born in De Kalb county, Ind, Dec. 11, 1856 ; married, July 14, 1878. Politics, Democrat. He has been engaged in the milling business since he came to the place. Henderson G. H. sale stables ; P. 0. Mendon. Henderson L. B. miller ; P. O. Mendon. Hillman Joseph, farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Mendon. HOFFMAN CHAS. HENRY, Postmaster and dealer in hardware and gro ceries, Mendon; was born in New York City, April 23, 1824. In 1834 he went to North Carolina, and attended school up to 1840 ; then moved to Boston, Mass, to learn the daguerreotype business under John Plumb (one of Daguerre's students), during which time he went to New York City and opened rooms and made the first picture ever made in the city according to those principles ; remained there a short time, and went to Philadelphia ; opened rooms there, remaining just long enough to start the busi ness; then went to Baltimore, and from there home, for a brief period, and assisted one of his former pupils in starting the busi ness in Washington, N. C, after which time, until 1846, he was engaged in the lumber business in that State ; in that year he moved to this county, and settled in Quincy, but was out of business up to the following fall, when he engaged in farming, on the Mound farm, in Ellington, until 1849. He then went to California, and there assisted in building the first frame house in Sacramento, for B. P. Cornwall ; returned to this State in 1855, since which time he has been in this town ship ; for the last fifteen years has been in mercantile business. He was married to Miss Elizabeth A. Cook, in June, 1856. She was born in Portage county, Ohio. He is a Re publican, a member of the Episcopal churchy and one of those enterprising citizens to whom Mendon and Adams county owe their present flourishing condition. HORNE ADAM E., farmer; Sec, 25; P. 0. Fowler; was born in Westmore land county, Pa,' July 13, 1834 ; moved to Adams county in 1857; was married in Ma comb, 111, Feb. 23, 1860, to Martha P. Nay lor, who was born at JMacomb, June 8, 1839. Have five children : Frank C, born, Jan. 8 1861 ; Julia N, born Dec. 21, 1861 (died June 4,1873); Joseph E, born June 15, 1863;' Adam A, born Jan. 3, 1868, and Mattie K, born Sept. 20, 1874. Both are members of the United Brethren church. Is a Republican. Bought 160 acres of land on section 25, range 1 north, 8 west, worth $14,000. Is the pres ent Supervisor of Mendon township. Howdyshell Miss E. P. O. Mendon. Ingersoll H. A. farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Mendon. Inman James, farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Mendon. JOHNSON JOHN H., farmer; Sec. 15 ; P. O. Mendon ; was born in Todd county, Ky, Dec. 2, 1811, and came to this county in 1840 ; was married to Miss Martha Hicks in 1835. She was born in Barren county, Kentucky. They have seven children: three boys and four girls. He owns 191f4 acres of land, improved, stocked with fruit, and very valuable. He is one of the early, energetic, and enterprising citizens who have used their energies and exertions toward the county's improvement and prosperity, and to whom is due its present flourishing con dition. Independent in politics, and a mem ber of the Christian church. James J. H. farmer; sec. 28; P. O. Marcelline. Johns W. H. farmer; sec. 31: P. O. Mendon. Jones Sophia, sec. 22; P. O. Ursa. , K Kelly Thomas, farmer; Sec. 35; P. O. Quincy. Kennedy Mrs. E. P. O. Mendon. KochC. G. farmer; Sec. 34; P.O. Mendon. Kuhn Isaac, cooper; P. O. Mendon. Laughlin Mrs. A. P. O. Mendon. Laughlin J. E. farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Marcelline. Laughlin J. W. Sr, farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Mendon. Laughlin W. farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Mendon. Laughery Mrs. Lucinda, sec. 34; P.. O. Mendon. Laughery Wm. teamster; P. O. Mendon. Lawrence Wm. farmer; sec. 28; P. O. Mendon. Lelghtly John, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Mendon. Lingum Wm. laborer; P. O. Mendon. LONG ANDREW G., farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Mendon; was born in Philadelphia, Penn, March 27, 1833 ; came to this county 794 HISTORX OF ADAMS COUNTY. in 1842; was married to Miss Elizabeth A. Leslie, Dec. 30, 1859. She was born in this • county. They have six children : Mary J, born Oct. 10, 1860; Annie E, born Feb. 13, 1862; Walter W, born July 17, 18 3; Wil- liam G, born Jan. 22, 1865; David A, born Sept. 4, 1866; Emily M, born Jan. 25, 1869. He owns eighty acres of land, stocked with fruit, and very valuable. He is Republican in politics, and a member of the Congrega tional church. He is one of the enterprising citizens, and works for the advancement of the county. He is now township collector, and has held other local offices in the town ship.Long Wm. farmer; sec. 2-1; P. O. Mendon. Lucking Frederick, farmer; sec. 2-1 P.O. Mendon. Lum R, S. physician; P. O. Mendon. M McCarl David, carpenter; P. 0. Mendon. McClelland James, farmer; Bee. 2S; p. 0. Mendon. McClelland Thomas, farmer; sec. 28; P. O. Mendon. McCormick John, carpenter; P. O. Mendon. McCormick Wm. carpenter; P. 0. Mendon. McClung S. H. farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Mendon. McCLUNG WILLIAM L., far mer ; Sec. 24 ; P. O. Mendon ; was born in Preble county, Ohio, June 24, 1822; came to this county in March* 1851 ; was married to Miss Rachel Blazer in 1845. She was bora in Fairfield county, Penn, April 21, 1821. They have three children : Samuel H, Char lie H, and Clara A. He owns 210 acres of land, half of which is in a high state of cul tivation, stocked with fruit, and very valua ble. He is Democratic in politics, and one of the enterprising 'and stiring ^citizens of Mendon township. McFarland John, cooper; P. O. Mendon, McGibbons Elizabeth, P. O. Mendon, McGIBBONS FURMEN, livery stable; P. O. Mendon; was born in this town, Sept. 3, 1843; was married April 13, -1805, to Miss Lucinda Tarr, who was born near Marcelline, July 16, 1845. They have tour children: John II,Lorena, Orville R, and Minnetta. He owns a beautiful [prop. crty in the flourishing town of Mendon, elegantly improved. He is the proprietor of the Mendon livery stable, where is to be found a full line of fine turnouts of the most approved patterns. Republican in politics. McGibbons Geo. W. merchant; P. O. Mendon McGirr John, farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Mendon. ¦ McGIRROWEN, farmer; See. 34; P. O. Fowler; was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, July 26, 1841; came to this country in 1850, and settled in Pawtucket, R. I, where he remained up to 1864, when he moved to this county, and settled on the beautiful farm he now owns, containing 240 acres in a high state of cultivation, well improved, and stocked with fruit. Demo crat in politics, and a member of the Roman Catholic church. He is one of the energetic citizens of the county. Mclntyre Mrs. Alice, milliner ; P. O. Mendon. Mclnrow Cornelius, farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Mendon MeLEAN JOHN JACKSON, farmer ; Sec . 21 ; P. O. Ursa ; was born in Fayette county, Penn, Feb. 17, 1817; came. to this county in 1843 ; was married to Miss Caroline Weisenburger, in 1848. She was born in Germany. They have four children, three boys and one girl. He owns eighty acres of land, well improved and watered; stocked with fruit, and valuable. For the "first five years of his residence here, he made steamboating his business, after which time he engaged in the grocery business for about four years. He is one of the enterprising citizens who has labored for the county's improvement. He has hold local offices of importance in the township. Democratic in politics. His family are members of the Roman Catholic church. McNay Andrew, farmer ; Sec. 4 ; P- O. Mendon. McNay James, farmer; Sec. hn Adams at Quincy, Mass. He spent ten years in and near Boston, the last eight he worked in the city at whatever honorable employment he could secure. In the spring of 1833 he came west, and landed in Quincy, Adams county, and worked a farm for Deacon E. Kimble, where the Institute now stands. That year he and ex-Governor Wood, and Mr. K;m- ble came down to Payson township, and en tered !)00 acres of land in partnership, in cluding the part of the present site of the village of Payson, where the public square is, and all east of it. The next year they divided the tract, and the portion now in the corporate limits fell to Mr. Kimball, who sold it to Deacon Albigence Scar borough, and he laid out the town in 1835. Mr. Pottle married Lydia E. Thompson in the fall of 1834. She was the daughter of the R"v. Bnos Thompson, a minister in the M E. church, from Athens county, Ohio. They settled on a farm three miles east of the vill ige, on section 14. Mrs. Pottle died in May, 1835. He married again in the fall of that year to Mary Woodruff, daughter of Daiius and Ruby Woodruff, of West Ha-tford, Conn. They have had four chil dren three of whom are still living. Mrs. Pottle died in November, 1869. Their chi'dren are: Julia (Pottle) Larimore, Elijah Lovejoy, and Albert; the latter now living in Plainville, this county. He mar ried his present wife, Sarah M. (Ramsey) Griffiih, Sept. 2, 1873. She was born in Huntiogton county, Penn, and reared in Mor'/antown, Va. She has one child by In fir»t marriage, L'yd'a E. Griffith. Mr. Pot tle removed to Payson in 1870. Owns several pieces of property in the village. He ear'y in life imbibed tae Congregational faith of the New England fathers, and was among the first to transplant it in the fertile prairie soil of Adams county. He lent his efforts to establish a church in Payson, and is now the only living male constituent member. His wife is also a member. Prince Miss P. A. P. O. Payson. R RAMER HENRY, farmer; Sec. 29; P. O. Seehorn; was born March 18, 1825, in Harrison county, Ohio, to which place his parents came before marriage. His father, John Ramer, was a native of Penn sylvania, and his mother, Lena (Jones) Ramer, was bom in Maryland. He was brought up in his native county, with a lim. ited common school education. The Fall be fore he was twenty-one years old he came to Miami county, Ind, and remained there till 1850, when he went to California, but re turned to Adams county, 111., the close of the same year. He hired by the month to Eli Stehorn, of Fall Creek township, and continued in his employ six years. He then went to Iowa, and with ihe savings of those years' labor, bought 240 acres of land. He married Roseana J Wells, June 12, 1856, of Knox county, Ky.— born Oct. 28, 1838; then removed to Illinois, rented a farm on the Mississippi bottom for ten years, and bought and settled on their present farm in the Spring of 1870. Have had seven chil dren — six living — Eli, Mrs. Martha E. Thompson, Margaiet L, Loli, Saiah E, and Henrietta. Their farm consists of 108 acres, worth $75 per acre. Rice Frank, carpet weaver; P. O. Payson. Rice L.J. farmer ; sec 1 ; P. O. Payson. RORBINS DANIEL, farmer and fruit grower; Sec. 18 ; P. O. Payson ; was born Oct. 15, 1813, in the town of Plymouth, N. H, wh'ch was also the birth place of his parents, Asa Robbins and Jemima (Brainard) Robbins. He was reared on a farm, and his educational advantages were confined to the common schools until after he attained bis majority, after which he earned money and attended at the seminary in Plymouth. He left school and came west to seek a home, in the Fall of 1839, and settled in Adams county. He manied Mary A. Prince, daughter of Deacon David Prince, April 26, 1842. and settled where he now lives. Mrs. R- was born in Bloomfield, N. Y, April 19, 1820, and came to Payson with her patents in 1835. D »vid Prince was one of the pioneers of the neighborhood, PAYSON DIRECTORY. 835 and one of the founders of the Congrega tional church in Payson, and its first Dea con. He died in 1878. Mr. and Mrs. R. have had seven children, five living. Their two oldest sons, Diniel E. and David Prince were in the Union army. The former as a member of Co. D, 7th Illinois Cavalry, lost a finger in a skirmish at Collierville ; was promoted to Lieutenant and Commissary of the regiment. David was killed by a gun shot through the head at the battle of Altoo- na. Oct. 5, 1864 He was a member of Co. C, 50th Regt. 111. Inf. Their other living chil dren are : George B., Mary, Annie L, and Cephas P. Mr. and Mrs. R and family are members of the Congregational church, of which he is a deacon. They own 185 acres of improved land and twenty of timber, worth $75 per acre, in the home farm. He has engaged extensively in horticulture; shipped 7,000 boxes of peaches from his orchard in 1878. Robbins D. E, farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Payson. ROBERTSON GEORGE L., mechanic ; residence, Payson ; was born in Payson township, Dec. 30, 1842. His pa rents were Andrew and Malinda (Collins) Robertson; his father was born in North Carolina, his mother, now living near Kingston, Adams county, is the daughter of David Collins. They removed to Knox county, Mo, where George's father died, when he was a child. The year 1860, Mrs. R. moved back with her family to Payson. George is the third of a family of two broth ers and three sisters. His father was a carpenter,- and being left to himself, he chose to walk in the footsteps of his sire, and also selected that calling. He never served a regular apprenticeship, however, but began working at it in 1863, and has de voted his attention chiefly to it since. He enlisted in Co. D, T. W. Gains Captain, 50th Regt. 111. Inf, in August, 1861. He was discharged, from disability, in 1862 ; in 1864 he again went south as a Government car penter; remained six months, and was again compelled by failing health to return home. He was- offered the position of Drill Master of the 78th Regt. in 1863, but did not accept. June 24, 1864, he married Caroline Short, daughter, of Josiah and Elizabeth (Jones) Short. She was born in Sullivan county, N. Y, Aug. 11, 1843. During the winter months, for ten years, Mr. R. has taught vocal music in various parts of the county. While working on the school building in Payson, in 1869, the scaffolding gave way, precipitating him twenty-eight feet, break ing both his arms, which only laid him up for seven weeks. He is very skillful in wood, as evidenced by several specimens of beautiful inlaid work, on tables and stands in Payson. He is a member of the Order of Odd Fellows, and both he and wife are connected with the M. E. church. Rowley John, blacksmith; sac. 12; P. O. Payson. Rowney William, laborer; P. O. Payson. Rouse N. S, retired farmer; P. O. Payson. Ruby Mrs. Nancy, P. O. Payson. Scarborough Electa, P. O. Payson.. Scarborough Miss E. P. O. Payson. SCARROROUGH JOEL H., far- mer; Sec. 7; P. O. Payson; was born Nov. 12, 1824, in Brooklyn, Windham county, Ct. His parents, Joel and Lucretia (Smith) Scarborough, were born, lived, and died in that county. He early evinced a love of books, and at the age of ten he was reading Latin and studying algebra and geometry. When fourteen years of age he came west to Adams county, prior to which he had procured a good academic education. He arrived in the village of Payson in the fall of 1838, and for three years worked in the employ of his uncle, Deacon A. Scarbor ough, then went to Hudson, Ohio, the seat of Western Reserve College, remained two years, a pqrt of the time attending college, and the rest studying at home. Returning to Payson in 1843, he again worked for his uncle until he was 21 years old. Having purchased the wild land on which he now resides, when he was fifteen, he then went to improving it ; boarded with Mr. Edward Seymour for several years. In November, 1849, married Miss Julia A. Seymour, born in West Hartford, Ct, who died in Jauuary, 1856, leaving one child, which survived her a few months. The following fall he mar ried his present wife, Harriet Spencer, daughter of Moses Spencer, of West Hart ford Ct. ; her mother was Julia Flagg. Mrs. S. was born Jan. 1, 1820. Two children blessed their union, one living, Henry F. Scarborough, born Nov. 7, 1869. Mr. 8. 836 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. united with the Congregational church at the age of seventeen. He was elected clerk of the church in Payson, when nineteen years of age, and has been re-elected each succeeding year since. He has served as Superintendent of their Sabbath school since Jan. 1, 1868; has for many years been one of the Board of Trustees of the church. For four consecutive years he was chairman of the County Sabbath-school Convention, and was chosen by the Congregational As sociation, composed of some twenty churches, to represent them in the National Council of Churches, held in Boston, in June, 1865. He has been very active in educational in terests, and it is clue to his persistent zealous efforts and those of a few others of like en terprise that Payson has her present fine school building and prosperous school. He owns 245 acres of farming lands in Payson township, worth $60 per acre, 160 in Burton, worth $40, eighty acres in Fall Creek, worth $45, and 950 in Pike county, on the Mississippi bottom, worth $10 per acre. ^Scarborough S. R. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Payson. Schroth H. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Payson. Schwartz Mrs. H. sec. 2: P. O. Adams. Scott E. C. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Payson. Smith John, farmer; sec. 9; P.-O. Payson. Seehorn R. M. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Payson. SHEPHERD HENRY M., farmer ; Sec. 10 ; P. O. Payson ; is the third of a family of three sons and one daughter of Richard and Elizabeth (Winfield) Shep herd, who were natives of Virginia, but brought up and married in Iredell county, N. C, where he was born July 3, 1809. His father having died, he came with his mother to Payson township, Adams county, in 1835i and has lived there since. He married Eliz abeth VVaugh, May 16, 1827. She is the daughter of John and Isabella (Irvin) Waugh, also born in North Carolina. They have had eleven children, nine living: Mrs. E. A. Hoffman, Mrs. M. J. Kitchen, Mrs. Isabella Hoffman, Warren, Henry M, Mrs. Emily B'urdsell, Mrs. Harriet McKee, Mrs. Charlotte Anderson, and Maximillian. The fourth child, George, and the next younger, John A, died in the service of their country. George was killed by the Indians, while in the volunteer service, on the frontier, in 1852. John, a member of Co. E, 84th Regt. 111. Inf, died at Nashville, Tenn, in 1862. Mr. Shepherd had three sons, three sons-in- law, and a grandson in the late war. He owns eighty acres in the home farm, worth $55 per acre. He and wife are members of the Congregational church. SHEPHERD MAXIMIL LIAN, Physician; residence Payson; is the youngest child of Richard and Elizabeth (Wengfield) Shepherd. They were born in Virginia, but were living in Iredell county when the doctor was born, Dec. 28, 1814. His father died when he was quite young. His mother having married again, they re moved to Putnam county, Ind, where he was chiefly educated, and studied medicine with Talbert & Cowgle, of Greencastle. He attended lectures at the Louisville Medical Institute, receiving the degree of M. D. in 1845. He began to practice his profession in Putnam county, but left there and came to Payson; is now the oldest active physi cian in the place. When he first settled in that village his ride extended over an area of ten miles, in all directions. In January, 1843, he married Mary E. Humphrey, daugh ter of Col. John G. Humphrey, of Virginia, where she was born, Dec. 20, 1819. They had two children, one living : Anna Wood, wife of Dr. Reubin Wood, now living in Oakland, Col. She graduated at Brooklyn Heights Seminary in 1867. Dr. Wood grad uated from Bellevue Medical College, New York. Mrs. Shepherd died in September, 1849. Dr. Shepherd owns a nice residence and four lots in Payson, and fifty acres near the village, worth $75 per acre. Is a prom inent member in the Congregational church. Shinn Wm. farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Stone's Prairie. Shinn David, iarmer; sec. 30; P. O. Payson. Simpson Wm. farmer; res. Plainville; P. O. Stone's Prairie. Sinnock George, boots and shoes; P. O. Payson. Sinnock Samuel, retired shoemaker; P. O. Payson. SMART KIMBALL E., dealer in stoves, tin and hardware ; residence Pay- son; was born in Meigs county, Ohio, Jan. 10, 1835; is the youngest of a family of three brothers. His father, Caleb Smart, was born iu New Hampshire; his mother, Peggy (Townsend) Smart, in New York State. His father lived on a farm in his native county till he was eleven years of age, his mother having died when he was eight months old. He began to learn the carpenters' trade in 1851, and came to Payson, Adams county, in PAYSON DIRECTORY. 837 the spring of 1852. At the end of a year he went to California and spent twelve years there— part of the time mining, and part at his tr^de. He returned to the vicinity of Payson in 1865. In April, 1868, he married Mary E. Kay, who was born in Payson town ship, Oct. 17, 1840. She was the daughter of Robert and Cynthia Kay. They removed to Chillicothe, Mo, in 1868, but returned to Payson three years after. Mr. Smart em barked in the tin and hardware trade in 1873. They have had three children ; two living: Gertie M, bora Dec. 23, 1875, and Walter K, born June 18, 1878. He and wife are members of the Baptist church. He owns a residence and lot in the village. Is a Re publican. Smiley J. W. farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Stone's Prairie. Smith Henry, farmer; sec. 31 ; P. 0. Seehorn. SMITH RORERT, farmer; Sec. 29; P.O. Payson; was born in Scott county Ky, April 26, 1811. His father, James c! Smith, was born in Ireland; his mother, Abigail (Cunningham) Smith, was a native of Pennsylvania, but went to Kentucky in early life, and was married there. Robert was brought up in his native county on a farm ; from there he went to Missouri, in 1852, and the next year he came to Adams county, and, in 1854, settled on his present farm He is the youngest of a family of three sons and two daughters, of whom two are dead. Mr. Smith never married. His sister shares his home with him. He is a great lover of books, and has a fine library of choice works, in the companionship of which he finds his chief enjoyment. His religious connection is with the Presbyter ian church. Parents both died in Kentucky. He owns a farm of 250 acres, worth $15,000. SPENCER FLAVEL, farmer and fruit-grower; Sec. 8; P. O. Payson; the second of nine children of Moses and Alma (Flagg) Spencer; was born the 27th of November, 1814, in West Hartford, Conn, of which place his parents were also na tive s. He was reared on a farm there, and enjoyed the educational advantages of the public schools. In the fall of 1839, he drove a team through to Adams county, 111. As he loaded their household goods on board a vessel in the Connecticut river, he watered his team from that stream with a bucket; and watered them from the same bucket, after a 1,200-mile drive, with water dipped from the Mississippi river. He was mar ried, Sept. 8, 1839, just before starting west, to Elizabeth Ackert, born in Connec ticut, May 1, 1809. Their union resulted in three children; two living: David, and John F. David twice-enlisted in the United States army during the late civil war; was first dis charged from disability. The sons are now both with their parents. Mr. Spencer owns forty-five acres in the homestead, finely improved, worth $75 per acre. He and wife are members of the Congregational church. He sold 1,600 bcxes of peaches in the fall of 1878. Spencer S. M. farmer; sec. 19; P. O. Payson. Starrett James, retired farmer; P. O. Payson. STEWART CYRUS, farmer; P. O. Payson; the thirteenth child of William and Nancy (Marston) Stewart; was born in Payson in July, 1849; was educated in the viUage and at Camp Point. In December, 1869, he married Margret H. Smith, born in Frederick county, Va., in October, 1849. Have five children: Guy, Leon, John, Burg, and Glide. Mr. Stewart makes a specialty of raising thoroughbred Cotswold sheep; takes great interest in the Adams County Agricultural Society, and is one of its directors.. His ' father, William Stewart, was born near Belfast, Ireland, Oct. 29, 1802. He enjoyed superior educational advantages up to his fifteenth year, though he had to walk four miles to school. He evinced a love for mathematics and navigation; was apprenticed on board a merchantman which sailed between Europe and the United States. He became second mate, soon after which, the vessel was captured by pirates. He narrowly escaped with his life and abandoned the sea. He married Nancy Marslon, in Maine, in May, 1823. In 1836 they came to Payson township. Whertback on a business trip, he brought a pint of apple seed from New York, which he planted, and started the first nursery in that part of the county. He took great pains to cultivate choice varieties of fruit- trees and ornamental shrubbery, and many of the beautiful door-yards of Adams county are living monuments of his enterprise and good taste. They had fourteen children; thirteen still living. He died Dec. 13, 1857. He and wife were zealous numbers of the Baptist church. She owns the homestead of 295 acres, worth $70 per acre. 838 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Stewart C. G. blacksmith; P. O. Payson. STEWART GILRERT, farmer; Sec. 27 ; P. O. Stone's Prairie ; was born in Ireland on the 20th of April, 1 815 ; is the fifth child of five sons and one daughter of John and Isabel (Vance) -Stewart. His father having died, his brother crossed the Atlantic to America when Gilbert was ten years old. They first settled in Maine, and lived there about twelve years; then came west and settled in Adams county, on the section where Mr. Stewart now lives. His education was limited to a brief attendance at the common schools. May 6, 1851, he married Catherine Merrill, the daughter of Nathaniel and Lucinda (Bassett) Merrill, and born Jan. 31, 1830, in New York State. Soon after her birth her parents removed to Pennsylvania, and remained there some seven years ; then came to Adams county- One daughter and six sons are the fruit of their union : Emily F, Gilbert V, Charles W, Russel B , Roscoe E, George Mc, and Arthur M. Mr. and Mrs. Stewart are both members of church, he of the Free Baptist, she of the M. E. church. They own 160 acres in home farm, finely improved, with house costing near $4,000, worth $65 per acre. Stewart Mrs. Nancy, P. O. Payson. Stone George, farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Stone's Prairie. Stratton Jona°, farmer ; sec. 25 ; P. O.S tone's Prairie. STURGISS KENNEDY, farmer; Sec. 13 ; P. O. Payson ; is the son of Thomas and Margret Sturgiss, natives of Ireland, where they remained till after they were married; came to America and settled in Chester county, Pa. Mr. Sturgiss was born there June 6, 1808, and reared on a farm till seventeen years of age. He then went to learn the tailors' trade, apprenticing himself for four years. He continued in that busi ness until he came west, in 1850. He mar ried Ellen Rankin, July 16, 1847. She was born in Chester county, also, Feb. 22, 1824 ; is the daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Thompson) Rankin. On arriving in Adams county, Mr. Sturgiss worked one season for Joseph Elliott, of Payson; then bought land near Payson Mill ; lived on it less than a year, sold it, and bought and removed to theiT present farm in November, 1851. They are raising an adopted child, Eugene Stur giss, born March 4, 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Sturgiss are members of the Free Baptist church. They own 120 acres in the home farm, worth $50 per acre. STURTEVANT MARSHAL R., farmer; Sec. 26; P. O. Stone's Prairie; was born in Berkshire county, Mass, Oct. 21, 1818 ; is the sixth of eighteen children of his father, Daniel Sturtevant, and the oldest of thirteen children of his mother, Hepzi- bah (Barney) Sturtevant— his father having five children by a former wife. His parents were natives of that State. Only five of his brothers and sisters are now living. Though reared on a farm, he obtained employment in a cotton factory when old enough, and continued there till he came west, July 3, 1848, landing in Chicago. For eight years they lived in Winnebago county; then re moved to Pike county for one year, and to Adams county, on the farm where they now live, in 1857. Oct. 6, 1838, he married Phi- delia Ketchum, daughter of Solomon and Polly (Hemenway) Ketchum. She was born in Dover, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, Sept. 18, 1818; was brought up in Massachusetts, and married there. They have raised one adopted child, Charles W. Sturtevant, who served in the Union army as a member of the 118th Regt. 111. Inf. Mr. Sturtevant is a mem ber of the Masonic Fraternity. He owns sixty acres in the home place, worth $75 per acre, and twenty-five acres, in Pike county. Taylor C. F. carpenter; residence, Plainvill"; P. O. Stone's Prairie. TAYLOR WASHINGTON C, farmer ; Sec. 19 ; P. O. Payson ; was bora in York county, Pa, Sept. 9, 1819. His father, James Taylor, was born in Long Green, Md, and his mother, Ann (Sample) Taylor, in his native county. They lived in York county until he was nineteen years of age; then removed to Belmont county, Ohio, in the year 1840. His father died there. In 1844 Mr. Taylor came to Illinois, and settled in Payson township. During the gold fever of 1849 he united with what was known as the Seehorn train, and crossed the plains to California. He spent two years in the mines, and returned to Adams county in 1851. In April, 1852, he married Harriet L. Edmonds, daughter of John Edmonds, and PAYSON DIRECTORY. 839 Elizabeth (Fitzgerald) Edmonds, who was born in Tennessee, Aug. 1, 1830. They re moved to the farm where they now live, in the spring of 1854. They have four chil dren: Mrs. Elizabeth Cupp, Mrs. Amanda A. Wagy, Mary J, and Laura E. Taylor. He and wife are members of the M. E. church, of which he has been class-leader for many years. They own 113 acres in the home stead, worth $60 per acre. Thompson Mrs. A, Sec. 16; P.O. Payson. THOMPSON PHILO E., farmer; residence, Payson ; is the son of Samuel and Mary (Ellsworth) Thompson, of Connecti cut, where his father died a few years ago, at the advanced age of ninety-three. Philo was born in Ellington, that State, Jan. 26, 1811; is the oldest of eight children; was reared on a farm; had the advantage of a good common school education, and taught several terms in his native State. lie was twenty-five years of age when he came west, and settled in Payson, Adams county, in the spring of 1830. He worked by the month the first year, after which he began farming on his own account. He married Miss Ellen C. Wallace, Sept. 13, 1N38, daughter of Moses and Anna (Campbell) Wallace. She was born, Aug. 29, 1815, in Pennsylvania, and brought up in New York. They have eight children: David Wallace, Mary C. Elliott, Ellen, Anna C, Robbins, Samuel, Henry W, George L, and Jennie. He has lived in Payson since 1837. They own a fine residence in the village, and 250 acres of land, worth $75 per acre. He and ,wife and seven of the children are members of the Congregational church. Thompson Wm. farmer; sec. 33; P. 0. Stone's Prairie. THOMPSON WILLIAM A., mechanic ; residence, Payson ; is of Scotch descent on his father's side, and English on the mother's. His ancestors came over with the third embarkation that landed at Plymouth. His parents, William and Susanah (Wood) Thompson were born in Middlebury, Mass. After marriage, they re moved to Maine, and lived there for thirty years, during which time the subject of this sketch was born, July 29, 1814, in Ox ford county. They came to Adams county in 1887, and settled in Payson in 1838. He learned the wagon-maker's trade, and has carried on that business for over twenty-five years. Prior to that, he followed teaching, for eight years; was a pioneer pedagogue, in Payson and Burton, and vicinity. In June, 1847, he married Miss Maria Stewart, who was born in Maine, March 24, 1H24; the daughter of William and Nancy (Marston) Stewart. Mrs Stewart is still living near Pay&on; is the oldest of fourteen children, thirteen of whom are living. Mr. T. is a deacon of the Baptist church; they arc both long-time members. He served as Town Trustee and School Director for many years. They own a house, lot, and shop in Payson. When his parents removed from Maine, they came with a horse-team, con suming two months in the journey. Tilman R. P. farmer; sec. 31 ,- P. O. Payfon. Tomlinson Mrs. James; sec. 30; P. O. Seihorn. Townsend Wm. sewing machine agt.; P. O. Payson. Vincent J. P. blacksmith; P. O. Payson. VinlngA. B. retired; reeidei.ee, Plainville; P. O. Stone's Prairie. w Wagy Henry, Sr, retired; bcc '-'0; P. O. Stone's Prairie. Wagy James, farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Stone's Prairie. WAGY JOHN, fiirmer; Sec. 26; P. O. Stone's Prairie; was born Oct. 23, 1829, in Ross county, Ohio, to which place his parents came from their native county in Virginia, before they were married. He is the son of Philip and Sarah (Riley) Wagy. He left Ross county when he was eighteen years of age, and came to Adams county, 111, in 1847. March 5, 1857, he married Miss Mary A. Baker, daughter of •Jacob and Sarah (Rinehart) Baker, who was born in Licking county, Ohio, July 1, 1839. They have nine children : Sarah A, Emma Hibbard, William G, Sanford, Samuel C, James R, Charles A, Laura May, and Harry E. They first settled in Richfield township. from which place they removed to their present farm, in the spring of 1865. They own eighty acres of land, worth $65 per acre. Their farm was the first farm im proved in this part of the county, by Samuel Stone, for whom Stone's Prairie "was named. His cabin stood within a few rods of Mr. W.'s present residence. 840 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. WAGY OSKER, farmer; residence, Plainville; P. O. Stone's Prairie; was born in Lickij g county, Ohio, Jan, 18, 1826; is the oldest of a family of four sons and four daughters, five of whom are now living. His father, Henry Wagy, was a native of Virginia, but came to Licking county, Ohio, and married Miss Elenor Stone, who was born there. The}' removed from there when Osker was seven years of age, and settled in Quincy. His father afterward bought property in Richfield and Melrose townships. He finally traded his farm in Melrose for the land on which his son Osker now lives, and settled on it thirty-three years ago. Mr. W. married Miss Rebecca J. Decker, Feb. 26, 1846. She was born in Adams county, Feb. 16, 1829; is the daugh ter of John and Elenor (Johnson) Decker. They, first settled on his father's farm, in Richfield township. He afterward bought a farm on Sec. 14, in Payson township, and removed there in 1852. In 1869, he bought the land from his father, and removed to his present home, since which time he has erected a house costing $3,500, and a barn costing $3,000. They have nine living children : Adaline, Sarah A, Orin, Henry, Eliza, Robert, McClelan, Caroline, and Lew- ley. Mr. W. now holds the office of Justice of the Peace. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity. His real estate con sists of 164 acres in the home farm, worth $60 per acre ; 240 acres on Sees. 14 and 23f worth $45 per acre, and eighty-four acres in Pike county, worth $35 per acre. His parents are both living in the village. Wagy Stephen, farmer; sec. 36; P. O. Stone's Prairie. Wagy Wm. farmer; sec. 2(1; P. O. Stone's Prairie. Walker Mrs. Martha, P. O. Payson. Warner Peter, .abortr; P. O. Payson. Waters Isaac, farmer ; eec. IS; P.O. Stone's Prairie. WhartonMrs. Amy, prop. Payson House, Payson. WHARTON H EJ* R Y E., nurs eryman ; residence, Payson. He was born in Chester county, Pa, Sept. 17, 1845; is the son of Benjamin and Anna (Smedley) Whar ton, of Pennsylvania. His mother is pro prietor of the hotel at Payson. He moved with his parents to Wayne county, Ind, when he was eight years old; remained five years; then moved to Payson in the fall of 1858. He attended the common school dur ing the winter and worked on the farm in the summer. In 1864 he went to Colorado and spent a season at Pike's Peak, returning that winter. Two years later he embarked in the nursery business, which he has since followed. He married Mrs. Mary A. Nich olson, Feb. 6, 1873, who was born in Payson, Feb. 7, 1840 (widow of John W. Nicholson). They have three children: Reba G, born Dec. 30, 1873 ; Harry G, born Dec. 24, 1875, and Arthur H, born Feb. 27, 1878. His wife owns a house and lot. She is a member of the M. E. church. He has held several lo cal offices ; is now Town Clerk. He ships nursery stock extensively to Missouri. WHITCOMR DAVID, farmer; Sec. 22; P. O. Stone's Prairie. He was born in Payson township, Adams county, April 18, 1838. He is the sixth of nine children, seven of whom are living, of Wyman and Lury (Brockway) Whitcomb. Wyman Whitcomb was born in Hartford, Windsor county, Vt, Oct. 8, 1798. Lury Brockway was born in Herkimer county, N. Y, Nov. 15, 1803. They were married in Trumbull county, Ohio, Nov. 16, 1823. They came west and settled in Payson township on the farm where David was born, in 1833, and where they still live. He enlisted in the Union army, in Co. D, 50th Regt. 111. Inf, in August, 1861, as a Sergeant, in which ca pacity he served one year ; was then trans ferred to Co. K. He was wounded in the shoulder, receiving a fracture of the scapula, at the battle of Corinth, Oct. 4, 1862; was discharged in September, 1864. He mar ried Mary E. Hibbard, Dec. 20, 1866. She was born in Adams county, April 23, 1846, and died March 10, 1867, leaving one child, Julius M. Mr. Whitcomb married Char lotte Hoffman, Nov. 10, 1867. She is the daughter of Andrew and Hannah (Murphy) Hoffman, and was born in Adams county, Dec. 27, 1851. They have had six children) four living: Clara, Willis, Emma, and Lura. Mr. Whitcomb owns forty acres in the home farm, worth $65 per acre. Whitcomb Jasper, notary and justice; P.O. Payson. Whitcomb Jasper, Jr.. farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Stone's Prairie. Whitcomb M. P. farmer; P. O. Payson. Whitcomb W. farmer; sec. -22; P. O. Stone's Prairie. Wickeuuamp Henry, farmer; sec. 17; P. O. Payson. Wingdeld J. P. farmer; sec 9; P. O. Payson. Young C. farmer; sec. 2; P.O. Richfield. M'KEE DIRECTORY. 841 McKEE TOWJNSPIIP. RALZER DANIEL, farmer; Sec. 29; P. O. Liberty; was born in Germany in 1846; came to Adams county in 1854, and located on Sec. 29 ; father and mother living ; owns 317 acres of land In McKee and Lib erty townships, worth $6,000; was married in 1868 to Elizabeth Diehl. She was born in McKee township in 1848 ; have one child : Mary, born in 1869. He is School Director in district No. 3 ; are members of the Lu theran church. Republican. RALZER JACOR, farmer; Sec. 33; P. 0. Fairweather; was born in Germany in 1828 ; came to America in 1851, and lived in Philadelphia four years, and came to Adams county in 1856 ; was married in 1857 to Mary Weisenberger. She was born in Germany; have seven children : Jacob, Elizabeth, John, Micheal, Frederick, Frank and Daniel ; owns 200 acres of land under a fair state of culti vation, worth $2,000; are members of the Lutheran church. Democrat. Balzer Yalentine, farmer; sec. 21; P. O. Liberty. Bartoldus Joseph, farmer; seel; P.O. Kellerville. Bartoldus Theresa, teacher; sec. 2; P. O. Kellerville. Bellmeyer Solomon, farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Fair- weather. Bimson Chas. carpenter; sec. 34; P. O. Fairweather. ROLINGER D AMI AN, farmer and blacksmith; Sec. 6; P. O. Liberty; was born in Indiana, in 1844 ; came to Adams county in 1855, and located in Quincy, 111. ; followed blacksmithing for seven years, and moved to McKee township in 1869, and lo cated on Sec. 6 ; follows farming and black smithing ; was married in 1870, to Catherine Eisenhower. She was born in Germany in 1848; have three children: Eda, Christina and John ; owns forty acres of land, worth $1,000 ; are members of the Catholic church. Democrat. ROSS HENRY, farmer and Road Commissioner; Sec. 14; P. O. Kellerville; was bom. in North Carolina, in 1827; came to Brown county in 1844, and to Adams county in 1864 ; was married in 1853 to Julia Jones. She was born in North Carolina; have never had any children; owns eighty- ' five acres of land in McKee township, worth $2,000 ; is School Director, and has held the office of Commissioner of Highways for four years. Democrat. ROTTORFF JOSEPH, farmer; Sec. 10; P. O. Kellerville ; was born in Clark county, Ind, 1833 ; came to Adams county in 1865, and located in Camp Point town ship, and thence to McKee township in 1875 ; was married to Sarah Walton, in Dec. 1859. She was born in Pennsylvania in 1840. They have four children : Annie M, Flora May, Grace A, and Charles E. He owns ninety acres of land, worth $1,600. Demo crat.Bowen J. M. farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Kellerville. Bradley Jacob, farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Kellerville. Britt James, farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Kellerville. Britt John L. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Kellerville. Britt J. S. farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Liberty. Buffington P. B. farmer; sec. 31; P. O. Liberty. Bullard John, former; sec. 13; P. O. Kellerville. Campbell John, carpenter; sec. 36; P. O. Beverly. CARTER W. P., farmer; Sec. 4; P. O. Kellerville; was born in Geauga county, Ohio, 1825; moved to Missouri in 1856, and lived in Putman county all through the war ; came to Adams county in 1865, and located on Sec. 4, McKee township. He owns 106 acres of land under a fair state of cultivation, worth $2,000. He was married in 1845 to Mary J. Shoemaker. She was born in Ohio, in 1824. They have ten chil dren:. Mahala J, Nancy E, Sarah, Eliza, Elizabeth, Mary M, William, Thomas J, Robert L. and Henry H. Mr. Carter is School Director in district No. 6. He is a Democrat. CharlNafty, wagonmaker; sec. 1; P. O. Kellerville. Childers Reuben, farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Kellerville. Click Samuel, farmer; sec. 4; P. O. Kellerville. Craft Francis, farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Kellerville. Coburn Amasa, blacksmith; sec. 33; P. O. Fair- weather. Corner Daniel, farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Kellerville. Cutforth Charles, farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Liberty. CCTFORTH GEORGE., farmer; Sec. 20; P. O. Liberty; was born in England, 1808 ; came to New York, January, 1836, and to Quincy, Septunber, 1838; lived near Quincy for one year, then in Fall Creek town- 842 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. ship fifteen years, then located in McKee township in 1858, when it was but a vast wilderness, not even organized ; was married in 1839 to Mrs. Rachel . She was born in Kentucky; died in 1840. They had one child ; James B. Married again in 1841 to Jane Martin. She was born in Maine and died, 1871. He had eleven children by the second marriage : Charles, George (deceased), Thomas (deceased), Walter, John W, Wil- loughby (deceased), Clara J.(deceased), Mary E. (decased), Ivory R. (deceased), Judson, and Rboda A. Then he married Mrs. Carter in 1871. She was bnrn in Missouri. They had one child : William F. He owns 230 acres of land in McKee township, worth $5,000. They are both members of the Baptist church. He has held various offices in the township. Republican. Davis Catherine, sec. 4; P. O. Kellerville. Davis Isaac, teacher; sec. 36; P. O. Beverly. DeaUohn, larmer; sec. 30; P. O. Liberty. Deal Wm. farmer; sec. 31; P. O. Liberty. Dennis Mary, sec. 35; P. O. Beverly. DeWitt Sa.ah, sec. 15; P. O Ke lerville. DIERDOREF JOSEPH, farmer and minister; Sec. 16; P. O. Kellerville; was born in Pennsylvania, 1826 ; came to Adams county in 1867 ; was married in 1847 to Re becca McDonald. She was born in Ohio in 1828. They have six children : Francis M, Bertha A, John W, Mary J, Lucy S, and Martha E, five of whom are married. Owns fifty-five acres of land in section 16, worth $800. Mr. and Mrs. Dierdorff are members of the United Brethren church, of which he is the minister. He was in the 84th Regt. 111. Inf.; enlisted at Quincy, Illinois, 1862; was disabled in the battle of Stone's river, and mustered out in April, 1863, on account of disability and ill health. Republican. DIETRICH JACOR, farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. Liberty ;was born in Germany in 1844 ; came to Adams county in 1851 with his father, and located on section 11, Melrose township. His father died iu February 1877 ; mother still living. Was married in 1869 to Sophia Rupp. She was born in Germany in 1845. Have six children : Lizzie, Nicholas P, Annie, George Hannah, and Mary. Mr. D. located in McKee township in April, 1873, on sec. 19. Owns 160 acres of land, under a good state of cultivation, worth $3,000. Has held the office of Collector, and are members of the Catholic church. He is a Democrat. Dole George, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Kellerville. DOOLE JOHN H., farmer; Sec. 12: P. O. Kellerville; was born in Derry county, Ireland, in 1839 ; came to Adams county in 1856, May 10, and worked as a farm hand for eighteen years ; was married in 1871 to Mary Ann McConnel. She was bom in Ire land. Had three children : the living one is James R. ; deceased are, Hugh H, and an in fant. Moved to McKee township in 1875, and located on sec. 12, of which there is 170 acres of land, undivided, owned by him and his brother George. He is a Republican. DURBIN ANDREW J., farmer, and Justice of the Peace; Sec. 10; P. O. Kellerville ; was born in Maryland, in 1829 ; came to Adams county in 1854, and located in McKee; was married in 1853 to Eliza J. Henthorn. She was born in Ohio, in 1831. Owns 150 acres of land in McKee township, worth $3,000. Mr. Durbin was the first town clerk in the township, and now is Jus tice of the Peace and school director. Re publican. DURRIN JAMES, farmer; Sec. 12 ; P. O. Kellerville ; was born in Maryland 1796; came to Adams county 1853, and has followed farming ever since he came to the county ; was married in 1825 to Rachel Dell. She was born in Maryland, 1805 ; had four teen children; the living are: Cornelius, Henry, Andrew J, Jessie, Beal, James, Thomas H, Elizabeth A. (now Mrs. Dewitt), Lydia D. (now Mrs. Childs), Francina, Geth- linda (now Mrs. Johnson). The deceased are: John A, Mary R, and Sarah. Six were married. Mr. Durbin also raised two of his grandchildren, Sarah E. Durbin, and Lewis H. Duncan. Mr. and Mrs. Durbin have raised their large family and still live to see them enjoy the comforts of life. He owns 120 acres of land, worth $4,000. He is a Republican. Edwards Jabus, farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Kellerville. Eldridge John, farmer; Bee. 36; P. O. Beverly. Fairfax A. J. farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Kellerville. Fitzpatrick Mary, sec. 15; P. O. Kellerville. M KEE DIRECTORY. 84:3 Flinn Louis, farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Kellerville. Forgey G. U. farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Kellerville. G Gabrel Andrew, farmer; sec. 14; P.O. Kellerville. Gallagher James, Sr, larmer ; sec. 21 : P. O. Liberty. Gallagher Samuel, farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Fair- weather. Gallagher Thomas, farmer; sec. 31 ; P. O. Liberty. Gelllngs Henry, farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Liberty. Gieger John, farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Liberty. Goerty Jacob, farmer; sec. 19; P. O. Liberty. Grady Jesse, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Kellerville. Grady John, farmer;i Bee. 13; P. O. Kellerville. Grady John F. farmer; sec. 25; P.O. Kellerville. Gridy J. M. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Kellerville. Gr^dy W. R farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Kellerville. GRUBER ANTHONY, merchant and Postmaster; P. O. Kellerville; com menced business in Kellerville, Oct. 1877, and has built up a good trade in the line of goods kept in store, such as boots, shoes, dry goods and groceries, drugs, paints and oils, and in fact, everything necessary in a coun try store. Carries stock to the amount of $2,000; was born in Germany in 1851 ; came to Adams county in 1852 ; was married Sept. 4, 1878, to Sallie McRoy. She was born in North Carolina in 1853. Democratic in pol itics.Gum Lissia, sec. 11 ; P. O. Kellerville. H Hackney Mary, sec. 24; P. O. Kellerville. Hall Joseph, farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Fairweather. Hau-II'T Mary. sec. 23; P.O. Kellerville. Harbour T. R. blacks nith; sic. 27; P. O. Beverly. Ilarwood Cyrus S. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Kellerville. Harwood Elmina, Bee. 31; P. O. Kellerville. Harwood Wm. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Kellerville. Hedrick John, farmer; sec. 36: P. O. Beverly. Helmrick Petter, farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Liberty. H KNDRICKS JAMES R., farmer and blacksmith; sec. 9; P.O. Kel lerville; was born in Cape Girardeau county, Mo, in 1829; father and mother (deceased) came to Adams county in 1832, and located in Richfield township. He then learned the blacksmith trade, and has followod it and farming ever since ; was married, in 1849, to Miss Jane Kinney. She was born in Adams county ¦ in 1831. They have five children; the living are: Benja min, Mary E, and Anna; those dead are: Adaliue and Ella. He owns eighty acres of land, in McKee township, on which he now resides. They are members of the Christian church. He is a Democrat. Hess Christian, farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Liberty. Hess Philip, farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Liberty. Hick* Allen, farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Kellerville. Hicks Stephen, farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Kellervil.e. Hinkley R. F. farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Liberty. HOFEMAN ALEXANDER, farmer; Sec. 7; P. O. Liberty. He was born in Adams county, in 1844; was married in 1865 to Liberty A. Varner. She was born in Kentucky in 1845. Have one child, Alexan der R, born in 1876. He has held numer ous offices in the township ; was Collector for three years, School Trustee for three years, Constable two years, Assessor two years, Deputy Sheriff, under Trotter, two years, and School Director for five years; stands high among the citizens of this town ship. Politically is Democrat, HOFFMAN H. H. & RRO., merchants, Kellerville ; commenced keep ing a general country store in Kellerville, McKee township, in 1877; keep dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes, tinware and har ness, saddles, and manufactures custom- made boots; does repairing on boots and shoes, and also runs, in connection with their store, a wagon and blacksmith shop ; make new wagons and repair all kinds of work ; buy railroad ties and pay the highest price in trade. They carry about a $3,000 stock, HOFFMAN JOHN, farmer and merchant, and stock raiser ; Sec. 7; P. O. Lib erty; was born in New Jersey, in 1831; came to Adams county in 1838, where he has re sided ever since; was married in 1844 to Jane Hunsaker. She was bora in 1852, and died in 1870; had eleven children: Alexander, Marcus, Harvey,. Sophena, Angeline, Albert, Giles, Henry, and Rosa; three dead. He then marriedj Elizabeth Higley, in 1872. She was born in New York. They have four children by this marriage: George, Arlow, Alfred, and Russell. Owns 597 acres of land in McKee township, worth $12,000. Mr. H. also carries on a store, and has for twenty years supplied the surrounding country; keeps a general assortment of goods necessary to supply the 'rade. Dem ocrat. 844 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Hofmeister C. farmer; sec. 31; P. O. Fairweather. Huddleston G. farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Kellerville. Hughes Franklin, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Kellerville. HUGHES GEORGE, farmer; Sec. 11; P. O. Kellerville; was born in Washing ton county, Penn, in 1836; came to Adams county in 1840; was married in 1858 to Margaret Walton. She was born in Butler county, Peno. , in 1843. They have seven children: Austin, John W, Sarah J., George W, Preston, Benjamin O, and Edward. Mr. Hughes moved to the town ship in 1856. Owns 215 acres of land in McKee, worth $5,000, with good improve ments. He has held numerous offices in the township, and is now Township Treasurer. He is a Democrat. Hughes J. M. broom maker; sec. 17; P. O. Liberty. Hultz A. farmer, sec. 5; P. O. Ke'lerville. Hultz Geo. farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Fairweather. Humpka Conrad, farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Liberty. Hunter John, farmer; sec. 3: P. O. Kellerville. in Pike county, 111, 1844. They have three children: Elmer E, Effie May, Otto Virgil. He owns eighty acres of land in McKee township, worth $1,600. He is a Repub lican.Johnson Cyrus, farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Kellerville. Johnson Harris, farmer ;se ~. 23; P. O. Kellerville. JOHNSON HONSE, farmer and stock raiser; P. O. Kellerville; was born in Sweden in 1833 ; came to Adams county in 1868; was married to Eliza Johnson, in 1855. She was b^rn in Sweden, in 1830. They have three children: John, born in 1855; Annie E. (now Mrs. Anderson), in 1858, and Honse, born in 1862. He owns 109 acres land, under a fair state of cultivation, with a good lime kiln and stone quarry, and plenty of sand. His farm is worth $1,000. He is a Republican. Jones J. H. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Kellerville. Jones Lewis, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Kellerville. JoneB O. farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Kellerville. INMAN HENRY, farmer; Sec. 17; P. O. Liberty; was born in Kentucky, in 1828; came to Adams county in 1865; was married same year to Mrs. Harriet Broth ers. She was born in Illinois, in 1836. They have seven children: Jamei, John, Robert, Daniel, Amanda, Mahala, Leonidas. He owns seventy acres of land in McKee township, worth $1,200; was in the 3d Regt. Cal. Inf.; enlisted at San Francisco, Cal, in 1861; served three years; mustered out at same place^in 1864. They are members of the German Baptist church at Liberty. He is a Democrat. Jansen Fred, farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Liberty. JESSUP ALVIN, farmer; Sec. 32; P. O. Fairweather; was born in A'lensville, Ind, in 1834; went to Iowa Tin 1852, to Adams county in 1861; enlisted in Co. I, 28th Regt. 111. Inf. Aug. 3, 1861; served three years; was mustered out at Natchez, Miss., Aug. 26, 1864; wai in the battle of Shiloh, Hatchee river, siege of Vicksburg, battle of Jackson, Miss, and numerous other skirmishes. He was wounded in the right thigh at the battle at Shiloh, left wrist at Jackson, Miss. He was married Jan. 28, 1864, to Margaret E. Lykes. She was born K Kauder Geo. farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Liberty. Kaylor O. T. farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Beverly. Kelley R. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Liberty. Kestner F. W. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Liberty. KIEFER JACOR, farmer and stone cutter; Sec. 24; P. O. Kellerville; was , born in France in 1807; came to Adams county in 1865, and to McKee township in 1867, and follows farming and stone cutting; has one of the finest stone quarries in the township; owns 160 acres of land, worth $4,000. Mr. Kiefer always has on hand stone ready for building purposes, and does fine stone dressing for fine work on short notice ; was married in 1840 to Mary Ault. She was born in Ohio in 1819, and died in 1853. Had six children, the living are: William T, Catherine (now Mrs. Hayes), Elizabeth (now Mrs. Tyri). He is a Re publican.Kingru Henry, farmer; eec. 26; P. O. Beverly. KINMAN JOHN S., Physician, Kellerville ; was born in Beverly township in 1845 ; was married in 1865 to Elizabeth A. Hogan. She was born in 1847. Have five children, Martha R, John H. F, Charles S, Daniel H. W, and James Mon roe. Was in the 28th Regt. 111. Inf.; en listed August, 1861; served/ nearly three M KEE DIRECTORY. 845 years ; was in the battle of Belmont, Bow ling Green, and Paducah, Ky, and Fort Henry, Fort Hyman and Shiloh; was wounded at the battle of Shiloh ; mustered out, September, 1864; commenced the study of medicine under Dr. T. A. Davison ; at tended the College of Physicians and Sur geons at Keokuk, Iowa, four months, and graduated at the State Board of Health at Charleston, Coles county, 111.; has been practicing for three years in Adams and Pike counties, and now is located at Kellerville, McKee township, with Dr. T. A. Davison. Republican. Kuntz William, blind; sec. 30; P. O. Liberty. when only six years of age father located in Liberty township ; was married in 1851 to Sarah M. Hargrave. She was born in 1829. Have eleven children ; the living are ¦) Wil liam K, Clarissa J, Andrew J, Wilson St. Clair, Sarah, Hettie Serina M, Nancy L, and Mary A.; two deceased, Thomas J. and Laura A. He moved to Concord township in 1852, and to McKee township in 1867 ; located on Sec. 11 ; owns 160 acres of land, under a fair state of cultivation ; was Justice of the Peace in Concord township for nine years, and Supervisor of McKee for two years. Democrat. Lichtendahl J. W. farmer; sec. 25; P.O. Beverly. Likes Jackson, farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Fairweather. v Likes Philip, farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Fairweather. Lambert Francis, farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Liberty. Lambert George, farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Beverly. LEACH RUTHERFORD, far mer; Sec. 11; P. O. Kellerville; was bom in Coles county, 111, in 1834 ; came to Ad ams county in 1851, and located in McKee township ; was married in 1865 to Evaline Putz. She was born in Kentucky in 1830. Have four children, Jellico M, born in 1867 ; James M, 1811; Lula E,in 1873, and Nancy A, in 1874. He owns forty acres of land, under cultivation, worth $1,000 ; was in 3d Mo. Cavalry, Co. E, under command of T. G. Black ; served three years — enlisted Nov. 16, 1861, and mustered out in 1864 : was in several small skirmishes, mostly in Mis souri. Is a Democrat. LEAPLEY H. C, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Kellerville; was born in Maryland in 1828; came to Adams county in 1841; lo cated in Concord township, then in McKee in 1865; was married in 1850 to Clarissa Hughes. She was born in Liberty township, Adams county, in 1831. Have nine chil dren; the living are: Thom O, Albert T, Francis E. (now Mrs. Conrad), Mary J. (now Mrs. Colwell), George W, John M, and Sarah L. The deceased are, Annie and Ollie. Own eighty acres of land, worth $20 per acre. Is a Republican. Leikes Flora, sec. 27; P. O. Beverly. Leonard Willard, sec. 22; resides in Pennsylvania. LIERLY E. W., farmer; Sec. 11; P. O. Kellerville ; was bom in Union county, 111. in 1829 ; came to Adams county in 1835 ; M McConneU Robert, farmer; sec. 12; P.O. Kellerville. McCON.NELL WILLIAM, farmer; Sec. 1; P. O. Kellerville; was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, in 1844; came to Adams county in 1854, and located in Gilmer township ; came to McKee township in 1869; married Martha A. Red, March, 1868. She was born in 1842. Have three chil dren: William Robert, Rebecca Jane, and Alice Elizabeth. He owns seventy-three acres of land, under good cultivation, valued at $2,000; has held the office of Road Com missioner five years, and School Director eight years. Democratic. McKinneyB valine; sec. 2; P. O. Kellerville. McWHERTER W. J., farmer; Sec. 9; P. O. Kellerville; was born in Mor row county, Ohio, .in 1847; parents both dead He came to McKee, Adams county, 111., in 1865; was married in 1870 to Celia Piunkett. She was born in Kentucky, in 1846; her parents are both dead. They have three children: Annie E, born in 1870; Julia E., born 1874; and Riley E, born 1878. Mr. McWherter owns ninety-ohe and a half acres of land in McKee township, worth $1,800. He was in the 2d Mo. En rolled Militia. Politically, Kb Democratic. Mason CharleB, farmer; sec. IB; P. O. Kellerville. Mason Henry, farmer; sec. 36; P. O. Beverly. Mason John, farmer; sec. 16; P.O. Kellerville. Mason Peter, farmer ; sec. 16; P. O. Kellerville. Mason Samuel, farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Kellerville, Masterson Eobert, farmer; sec. 36; P. O Beverly. Mayfleld John, farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Kelle;ville, 846 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. MIXER JACOR, farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Kellerville; was born in Beverly township, Adams county, in 1852; was married to Margaret Burden, in 1875. She was born in Pike county, II1., in 1854. Have two children, Frederick and Edna. He owns ninety acres of land in Sec. 24, worth $1,200; is School Director, and Re publican. Mixeer Joseph, farmer; sec. 36; P. O. Beverly. Miller Wm. farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Liberty. MOORE J. R., farmer; Sec. 5; P. O. Liberty; was born in Kentucky in 1830; came to Adams county in 1836, and located in Liberty township; moved to McKee in 1838; was married, 1858, to Miss Emeline Runnels. She was born in Vermont in 1834. They have three children: Robert D., Solis S, and Mary H. Mr. Moore owns 200 acres of land in McKee, worth $4,000. He has held the office of Road Commis sioner and School Director for eighteen years. He came to the township a poor man, but, by his untiring industry and dili gence in business, has obtained a large amount of property, moneys, etc. ; loans m^ney on good personal security and real estate. He does not spend his money like many others in show and fine building. His first house still shelters him from winter's storms and summer's heat. They are both members of the Christian church. He is a Republican. N Neice Melvin, farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Kellerville. Ne.ce Richard, farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Liberty. Noble Albert, sec. 22; P. O. Kellerville. PADGETT JOHN, farmer; Sec. 21; P.O. Kellerville; was born in Ireland in 1842; came to Adams county in 1844, and . located at Quincy, III , then in McKee town ship, in 1855; was married in 1877 to Letitia Wood. She was born in Burton township, Adams county, in 1854. Have one child, Carrie May. She was born October, 1878. He owns 264 acres of land in McKee town ship, worth $3,500 ; was in the 148th Regt. 111. Inf. Are members of the United Brethren church at Spring Valley. He is Republican. PADGETT WILLIAM J., farmer ; Sec; 16 ; P. O. Kellerville. He was born in Adams county in 1860 ; is the son of James and Barbara Padgett. They came to Quincy in 1844; were born in Cavan, Ire land. His father died in September, 1869. His mother is still living on Sec. 21, McKee township, where they first located, in March, 1861. His father enlisted in September, 1861, in the late war; served nearly three years. Mrs. Padgett, son, and one daughter, reside on the old homestead of 105 acres, which is under a good state of cultivation. Mrs. Padgett is a member of the United Bretheren church, at Spring Valley. Wil liam is a Republican. . Parvin Wm.Jfarmer; sec. 7; P. O. Liberty. PEACOCK SAMUEL J., farmer; Sec. 35 ; P. O. Beverly. He was born in North Carolina in 1828; came to this State in 1850, and to Adams county in 1851. He was married in 1853 to Elizabeth A. Frame. She was born in 1832 ; have eight children : Mary A, Perry O, John A, Christina C. Samuel B, Francis E, Charles F, and Emory O.; only one of them is married. He was in the 10th Regt, 111. Inf.; enlisted in 1864 ; was at the battle of Savannah, Ga, Riversbridge, and Bentonsville ; mustered out in 1865. He held the offices of Justice of the Peace, Assessor and Collector, and Town ship Trustee. He owns 100 acres of land, under a fair state of cultivation, worth $3,000. Is a Democrat. Perrigo Charles, farmer; sec. 21; P.. O.Liberty. Perrigo J. J. farmer; sec. 32; P. O. Fairweather. Perrigo Mary C. sec. 21 ; P. O. Liberty. Peterson Wm. farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Kellerville. Purpose Louis, farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Kellerville. R ReidJohn, farmer; sec. 13; P. O.Liberty. s Shohoney Cornelius, farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Liberty. ShohoneyH.B. farmer; sec. 31; P.O.Liberty. Shohoney James, farmer; sec. 21 ; P. O. Liberty. Simms Cyrus, farmer; sec. IB; P. O. Kellerville. Smith Elizabeth, Bee. B; P. O. Liberty./ Smith John, farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Springfield, 111. Smith Joseph, farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Liberty. Smith J. C. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Liberty. Smith J. M. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Kellerville. Smith Richard, farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Liberty. Snow Luke, farmer ; sec. 28; P.O. Beverly. Sparka J. farmer; sec. 31; P. o. Liberty. Sparks J. W. farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Liberty M KEE DIRECTORY. 847 Spires J. L. farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Fairweather. Stevens L. farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Kellerville. Syrele George, farmer; sec. 36; P. O. Beverly. Yarner R. A. farmer ; sec. 4 ; P. O. Kellerville. Volmer George, farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Liberty. VOLLMER LEWIS, farmer; Sec. 30; P. O. Fairweather. He was born in Germany, in 1853; father, living; mother, dead. He owns sixty acres of land in Mc Kee township, worth $1,800. He is a mem ber of the Lutheran church at Liberty. Is a Republican. w Waner John, farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Liberty. Whitehead Enoch, farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Beverly. Whitiker M. farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Beverly. Wing Perry, farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Beverly. Willis Jane, sec. 31; P. O. Liberty. Wilson Nancy, sec. 32; P. O. Fairweather. Zoller George, farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Liherty. LIMA TOWNSHIP. ABRAMS WM. A., notary public and proprietor of the Lima hotel, Lima; was born in Westmoreland county, Pa, March 23, 1823; came to this county in the Fall of 1851 ; was married twice. His first wife was Catherine Hoke, to whom he was married Feb. 16, 1846. She was born in Adams county, Pa. By this marriage four children were born, only two of whom are living, both daughters. She died Sept. 16, 1854, in her twenty-eighth year. His second) and present, wife was Mrs. Ellen C. Elstun, to whom he was married Sept. 7, 1856. She was born in Lexington, Ky., Aug. 10, 1832. By this marriage he has two children, one son and one daughter. He owns some valuable property in Lima, and 160 acres of land in Bates county, Mo. He is a Demo crat, and a member of the M. E. church ; has been quite prominently connected with the interests of the town and township for a number of years; has been township Su pervisor and Justice of the Peace for about fifteen years; is now Town Clerk and notary public, and has held various other offices of trust and importance. Has been a member of the Masonic Fraternity for upward of twenty-three years, and, has always been an energetic and valued citizen. He is now treasurer of both the school and town board of trustees. Adams John Q. farmer; see. 14; P. O. Lima. Adams Robert, farmer, sec. 14; P. O. Lima. Adair John S\ farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Loraine. 54 Adair Richard, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Loraine. Adair Robert, farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Tioga. Adair Susan; sec. 12; P. O. Loraine. Allen John, farmer; sec. 11 ; P. O. Loraine. Allen John B. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Lima. Allen J. W. farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Lima. Archer Harry; P. O. Lima. RAKER BENJAMIN F., farmer; Sec. 5; P. O. Tioga, Hancock county; was born in Tyler county, West Virginia, Jan. 2, 1838; was educated in his native county, and in 1862, was married to Miss Mary Ann Beverlin, a native of the same county. In 1865, he moved west and settled in Lima township, Adams county, 111. He has six children, three sons and three daughters. He owns 160 acres of land, which for im provements, will compare with any in the county. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Christian church. He has been School Director of the district in which he resides for the past twelve years, and is now one of the large and well-to-do farmers of the county, notwithstanding he began life poor. BEATY GEORGE, farmer; Sec. 25; P. O. Marcelline; was born in Blount county, Tenn, Jan. 21, 1817. When he was quite young his parents moved to Bond county, 111, where they lived to the Fall of 1825, when they removed to Adams county, making him to-day one of the very earliest settlers of the county. He was married to Mif s Elizabeth Heberling, May 8, 1841. She HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. was born in Pennsylvania, May 15, 1824, They have had eight children, four of whom are now living : Charles Albert, born Jan. 13, 1847; Roselthe, born April 25, 1848; George Perry, born Dec. 3, 1849, and Fred, born Feb. 27, 1858. His oldest son, William, enlisted in the 78th Regt. 111. Inf. in the Spring of 1861, and was killed near Chata- nooga, Tenn, in the Spring of 1862. He owns 170 acres of land. He is Democratic in politics, and is one of the large and well- to-do farmers of the county. Barth, Henry, farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Tioga. Beatty Wm. farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Lima. Bert D. H. farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Tioga. . Bland J. W. farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Lima. HOLT DAVID, farmer; Sec. 12; P. O. Lima ; was born in Westmoreland county, 1 Pa, Dec. 17, 1829; -received his early education in the schools of his native county, and in 1844, moved west and settled in Adams county, 111, where he has lived ever since. On the 24th of Nov, '1859, he was married to Miss Nancy Ann Howes, a native of Bourbon county, Ky, bom March 30, 1840. They have five children, three sons and two daughters. He owns 140 acres of land, which, for fertility of soil and im provements, will compare with aDy in the township. He is Republican in politics, and member of the M. E. church, and is now one of the large and well-to-do farmers ot the county. DOLT JOHN, farmer; Sec. 1; P. O. Lima; was born in Westmoreland county, Pa, in December, 1827 ; received his edu cation in the schools of his native county, and in April, 1844, moved west, and settled in Adams county, 111. On the 27th of Sept, 1860, he married Miss Flora N. Hughes, a native of Vermont, born in June, 1837. They had five children, four of whom are now living, two sons and two daughters. He owns 100 acres of land, which, for soil and improvements, will compare with any in the county. He is Republican in politics, and a member of the M. E. church. He has been School Director of the district in which he resides for three years, and is to day one of the well-to-do farmers of the county, notwithstanding he began life poor. Booker Geo. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Loraine. Brackensick H. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Tioga. RRAGG HENJAMIN, farmer; Sec. 11; P. O. Lima; was born in Caldwell county, Mo, March 7, 1837. In 1841 the family moved to Springfield, 111, where they lived a short time and removed to Adams county, 111, in 1842. He received his early education in the schools of this county, and in the fall of 1858 was married to Miss Elizabeth Leeper, of this township, who died, April, 1860, leaving one child, Mary Elizabeth. On the 29th of Nov, 1861, he was married to his second and present wife, who was Miss Sarah C. Ireland, born in the town of Lima, Oct. 20, 1840. They had six children, four of whom are living, three sons and one daughter. He owns eighty acres of land, which will compare favorably with any in the county. He is Republican and a mem ber of the Methodist church. He is at pres ent School Trustee ; has been School Direc tor and has held other local offices. Bragg Benj. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Lima. Brothers J. F. merchant; P. O. Lima. Brown Martin, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Loraine. Cain Jas. farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Loraine. Carlock J. W. P. O. Lima. Carpenter J. W. farmer; sec. 4; P. O. Tioga. Carpenter L. D. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Lima. Carpenter M. F. farmer; sec. 4; P. O. Tioga. Clapper Alex, farmer ; sec. 16 ; P.O. Tioga. Clapper J . farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Tioga. Clapper Jas. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Lima. CLARK ALEXANDER, farmer; Sec. 1 ; P. O. Lima; was born in Westmore land, county, Pa, in 1817. He received his early education in the county of his nativity, and on the 17th day of Feb, 1842, was mar ried to Miss Jane Bolt, daughter of Mary Bolt (who still lives with them, born May 4, 1801). She is a native of the same county as her husband, and was born Dec. 3, 1823. Have had eight children, seven of whom are now living, four sons and three daughters. In the spring of 1844 he emigrated west and settled in Adams county, 111, where he owns 100 acres of land. He is Republican in pol itics and a member of the M. E. church. His son William enlisted in Co. G. 119th Regt. 111. Inf. ; in the summer of 1862, and died Oct. 26, 1864, from disease contracted dur ing a campaign up Red River. Clark Andrew, farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Loraine. Clark Joel, farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Tioga. LIMA DIRECTORY. 849 Clyne E. P. O. Lima. Clyne Elizabeth, sec. 23; P. O. Lima. Conover David, farmer; sec. 10; P. o. Lima. Conover Hester, P, O. Lima. CONOVER NORRIS, farmer; Sec. 11; P. 0. Lima; was born near Cincinnati, ' 0, Dec. 29, 1831. In 1837, he with his .pa rents moved west and settled in Lima town ship, where he received his early education. In the spring of 1854 he was married to Miss Sarah Bragg (daughter of Benjamin Bragg deceased, of this county). They have had seven children, four of whom are now living, one son and three daughters. He owns 160 acres of land, which for fertility of soil and improvements, will compare favor ably with any in the township. He is Re publican, a member of the Christian church and is now one of the well-to-do farmers of the county. He began life in /very moderate circumstances. Conover Robt. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Lima. Conover Thaddeus, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Lima. Conover T. E. farmer ; sec. 11 ; P.O. Lima. Corey Edward, miller; P. O. Lima. Corey Martha, P. O. Lima. CRENSHAW THEOPHILUS, farmer, Sec. 18, P. O. Lima, whose por trait appears in this work, was born in Jeff erson county, 111, March 16, 1815; received his early education in the schools of his na tive county. In 1827 he moved to Adams county, making him to-day one of the very oldest citizens of the county. He was mar ried in 1840 to Miss Martha Martin, a native of White county, 111. They have had seven children, two of whom, both daughters, are still living. He learned the blacksmiths' trade and worked at it for several years. In 1845 he purchased and began improving the beautiful farm on which he now resides. In 1846 he started a shop in Lima, and finally a hotel, which is still known as the Lima House. In 1832 he volunteered for the Black Hawk War, and served until its close, and was mustered out at Macomb, the county seat of McDonough county, 111. In 1845 he was called into active service again on ac count of the Mormon troubles at Nauvoo, 111, and served until its close. He is Democratic in politics and a member of the M. E. church South, and is now one of the most prosper ous and well-to-do farmers of the township. He began life in very moderate circumstan ces. He has held various local offices in the township.Crow Austin, farmer; seel; P.O.Lima. Crow Daniel, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Lima. Crye Hugh, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Loraine. D Daniels J. O. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Loraine. Daugherty M.J. P. o. Lima. DAVIS LEVI, farmer, Sec. 21, P. O. Lima, whose portrait appears, in this work, was born in Cumberland county, Penn. Feb. 18, 1828. When he was quite young his parents moved to Franklin county, Penn, where he received his early education, and, in 1851, moved west and settled in Adams county, 111. In the spring of 1852 he went to California, on a gold-hunting expedition, and returned in 1854, after being moderately rewarded. In the same year he was married to Miss Jane Bingaman, a native of Adams county, Penn, born in July, 1834. They have six children, three sons and three daughters. He owns 280 acres of the most valuable land in Lima township, in a high state of cultivation. His improvements are of the first order. Politically he is Dem ocratic. In 1867 he was elected Justice of the Peace, and served nine years. He is now Commissioner of Public Highways, and also School Treasurer, and one of the large and well-to-do farmers of the county. Dazey F. M. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Lima. DAZEY MITCHELL, farmer; Sec. 7; P.O.Lima; was born in Bourbon county, Ky, Oct. 2, 1820. In 1830 he went with his parents to Adams county, arriving there, after a long and wearisome journey, the same fall, and located upon the section where Mr. Dazey still resides. His educa tional privileges were quite limited. At that early period schools were rare in Kentucky and Illinois. At the age of twenty years he attended school in Quincy. He was engaged" in merchandising two years ; afterward was . in the milling business, in what is now known as the Lima Steam Flouring Mill ;¦ continued in that over ten years. This mill". was among the first steam flouring mills inj that part of the county.. He was married; Sept. 11, 1853, to Miss Abina Conover, daughter of Robert Conover, of Lima town ship. She died Aug. 1, 1857, leaving one 850 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. child, Charles T, born Aug. 13, 1855. Mr. Dazey has always been one of the leading citizens of Lima ; held many of the public offices ; Justice of the Peace, and Supervisor twice. The Dazey family have accomplished much good, both for Lima and the county- Mr. Dazey can see at a glance the benefit to be derived from that admirable system which benefits the farmer and the stock-raiser in common with the merchant. Much depends upon the leaders in society, and Lima is truly fortunate in having as her representa tive the warm-hearted Mitchell Dazey. Dickson Mary E. P. O. Lima, Durfee Stephen, farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Lima. Earhart G. W. farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Lima. Easton James, physician ; P. O. Lima. Ehler Frank, P.O. Lima. Ellis G. W. P. O. Lima. ENSMINGER JOHN L., farmer; Sec. 3; P.O.Lima; was born in Hancock county, 111, Jan. 5, 1849 ; was edu cated in the schools ot that county, and in December, 1870, moved to Adams county «,nd settled in Lima township, where he was jmarried, Dec. 28, 1871, to Miss Roxana Stone (daughter of Charles and Susan Stone, of this township), who was born March 2, 1854, and died Feb. 9, 1879, leaving two chil dren: Edward C, born Oct. 30, 1874, and Charles, born Oct. 15, 1876. He owns 410 acres of land. The home place contains fifty acres, which, for fertility of soil, will compare favorably with any in the township. He is a Democrat. In the spring of 1877 he was elected Justice of the Peace, which office he now holds; is also School Director, and is numbered among the well-to-do farm ers of the county. ESHOM ANDREW, farmer; Sec. 19; P.O.Lima; was born in Calloway county, Mo, Dec. 25, 1829. In 1837 he, with his parents, moved to Adams county, 111, and settled in Lima, where he received his early education. On Oct. 16, 1856, he was married to Miss Eliza McAdams, daughter of John and Ede Mcxldams. They have three children: James M, born Dec. 31, 1857; Albert, born Oct. 20, 1867, and Walter, born Sept. 24, 1870. He owns 110 acres of land, which, for fertility of soil and im provement, will compare with any in the township. He is a Republican, a member of the Christian church, and one of the well- to-do farmers of the county. Erthman Jacob, farmer; sec. 8: P. O. Lima. Eshom John, farmer; see. 18; P. O. Lima. Eshom P. L. farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Lima. FAWBUSH JOHN H.. farmer; Sec. 13: P. O. Lima; was born in Washing ton county, Tenn, March 19, 1815 ; came to this county in 1833 ; was married three times. His first wife was Miss Stacy Orr, to whom he was married in 1834. By this marriage he has had six children, only four of whom are living. She died in August 1871. His second wife was Mrs. Mary Carmine, to whom he was married in June, 1874. By this marriage he had one child. She died in Feb, 1876. His third and present wife was Miss Sarah Elizabeth Richardson, to whom he was married in October, 1876. By this marriage he has one child. He owns 160 acres of land in a high state of cultiva tion, elegantly improved, abundantly sup plied with fruit, and very valuable. He is Democratic, and one of the old, energetic and industrious citizens who have been so conducive to the county's improvement. Fawbush Sarah, P. O. Lima. Finkhous H. A. farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Tioga. FORSEE BEN JAMIN W., Physician and Surgeon; P. O. Lima; was born in Clarke county, Mo, Sept. 28, 1838; came to this county in 1867 ; was married to Miss L. J. Tate, in March, 1865. She was born in Scotland county, Missouri. They have four children, all daughters. He owns some valuable town property in Lima, well improved, supplied with fruit, and very val uable. He studied his profession in Lewis county, Mo, and graduated in Keokuk, Iowa, in 1867, and also in the Missouri Medical College at St. Louis in 1872. He has been practicing his profession since 1867, and has by close attention built himself up an en viable reputation, and lucrative business. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Christian church. Free J.N. farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Tioga. Fry J. J. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Loraine. G Gallemore W. D. farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Lima. Geler Matt, farmer; sec. 2; P. o. Tioga. LIMA DIRECTORY. 851 GERHARDT GEO., farmer; Sec. 2; P. O. Tioga, Hancock county; was born in Germany, Sept. 23, 1826 ; was educated in the schools of his native country, and also learned the jewelers' trade. In 1850 he em igrated to this country and settled in New ark, New Jersey, where he was married in 1852 to Miss Catherine Doel, a native of Germany. After a residence of nine years in Newark, he moved to Central City, Col orado, in 1864, and made that his home until 1874, when he came back and settled and began improving the beautiful farm on which he now resides, containing 108 acres which will compare with any in the town ship. He has seven children, three sons and four daughters. Is Republican in politicsi and one of the large and well-to-do farmers of the county. Glanz Jacob, farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Tioga. Greeley Samuel, farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Lima. H Hable Geo. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Lima. Harness Joseph, farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Lima. Harness Wm. farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Lima. Harris David, farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Loraine. Harris Wm. farmer; sec. 1 ; P. O. Loraine. Haskins Oliver, farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Tioga. Hayden G. W. farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Lima. Hess James, farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Lima. Hightower Wm. farmer; sec. 19; P. O. Lima. HIGGINS JAMES, farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Lima; was bom in Dutchess county, New York, Nov. 18, 1847. In 1852 he, with his parents, moved west and settled in Lima township, Adams county, Illinois, where he received his early education. In 1870, he was married to Miss Elizabeth F. Oit (daughter of William and Martha Orr of this township). They have two children : Lucy, born April 5, 1876, and the baby, born Oct. 28, 1878. He owns 165 acres of land, which will compare favorably with any in the county. He is a Democrat, and one of young, energetic, and industrious citizens of the county to whom it looks for a continu ance of its present prosperity. Hill Davis, farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Quincy. HILL HENRY D„ farmer; Sec. 1; P. 0. Lima ; was born on the farm he now resides on Dec. 14, 1844. His early edu cation was obtained in the schools of Lima, and in 1867 was married to Miss Adelia Leeper, of this township. They have four children, three sons and one daughter. He is cultivating the old homestead, which con tains eighty acres in a high state of per fection, and very valuable. He is Demo cratic in politics, and a member of the Methodist church. He is Commissioner of Public Highways, and one of the young, energetic and industrious sons of the county to whom it looks for a continuance of its present prosperity. Hill J. B. P.O.Lima. Hoemer John, farmer ; sec. 4; P. O. Tioga. Holden John, farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Loraine. Holden Wm. farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Loraine. Hoskins Oliver, Jr. farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Tioga. Hoskins Zelonia, sec. 17 ; P.yO. Lima. Hopkins Robert, farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Lima. Howard R. farmer; sec. 1 ; P. O. Loraine. Howland C. farmer; eec. 1; P. O. Loraine. HUTCHESON JOHN IV., far mer; Sec. 21; P. O. Lima; was born in Logan county, Ky, Jan. 5, 1844 ; when he was but three years old his parents moved west and settled in Hancock county, 111, where he received his early education, and in Nov. 24, 1868, was married to Miss Mary Anna Wallace, a native of Jefferson county, Ky. They have two children, Hattie Flor ence, and Cora Ellen. He owns 165 acres of land, which, for fertility of soil and im. provements, will compare favorably with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics, and one of the large and well-to-do farmers of the cbunty. Ireland Joseph, farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Lima. Jackson Alonzo, farmer; sec. 23; P. 0. Lima. Jacobs F. M. farmer; sec. 13; P. 0. Lima. Jacobs J. M. farmer; sec. 18: P. O. Lima. Jordan J. P. farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Lima. K Keath Adam, P. O. Lima. Kelly Aaron, farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Loraine. Kemery Henry, farmer ; sec. 8 ; P. 0. Lima. Kemery John, farmer ; sec. 5 ; P. O. Tioga. Kerns Thomas, farmer ; sec. 3 ; P. O. Loraine. Keshler J. H. farmer; sec. 11 ; P. O. Tioga. Ketchum Daniel, farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Tioga. Killiam John, farmer; sec. 18; P. 0. Lima. Killiam Nancy, sec. 18 ; P. 0. Lima. KIRKPATRICK FRANCIS A., merchant, Lima; was born in Ursa township, Dec. 8, 1844: was married to Miss 852 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Cynthia McCreery in September, 1875. She was born in Hancock county, 111. They have two children, James A. and Emma F. He is senior of the firm of Kirkpatrick & McCreery, dealers in dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes, etc, at Lima, and has, by close attention to business and fair dealing, built himself up an enviable reputation and lucrative business. He owns some valuable business and residence property, centrally located and very valuable, in Lima. He is Republican in politics, and a member of the Christian church, and one of the energetic and industrious citizens of the county. Krabel Geo. farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Lima. Kropp Geo. farmer ; sec. 4 ; P. O. Tioga. Leeper T. F. farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Lima. Leeper J. C. farmer; sec. 2 ; P. O. Lima. Lemmons Sarah, sec. 21; P. O. Lima. Linenberger H. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Tioga. Lynch Patrick, farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Lima. Lynum S. farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Lima. M McAdams F. J. farmer ; sec. 20 ; P.O. Lima. McAdams John, farmer; sec. 19; P.O. Lima. -McAdams Nathan, farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Lima. McAdamB Samuel ; P. O. Lima. McCarl David, farmer; eec. 16; P. O. Tioga. McCormack M. farmer ; sec. 1 ; P.O. Loraine. McCormick Wm. farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Loraine. McCune Benj. farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Lima. McCullough Hugh, farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Lima. McKenzie Wm. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Loraine. McKinney W. J. farmer; sec. 19; P. O. Lima. McWilliams J. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Loraine. Markley M. farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Lima. Marshall G. W. physician ; P. O. Lima. Martin John, farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Tioga. Martin John, farmer ; sec. 9 ; P. O. Lima ; Michael James, farmer ; sec. 17; P. O. Lima. MITCHELL DAVID, farmer; Sec. 10; P. O. Tioga,|Hancock county. The sub ject of this sketch was born in the County Tyrone, Ireland, Feb. 26. 1826; was edu cated in the schools of his native country ; and in 1846 emigrated to this country and settled in Washington county, Ohio. On Jan. 1, 1850, he was married to Miss Re becca Wakefield, of Belmont county, Ohio. They have four children, two sons and two daughters. In 1865 he removed to this county, and has been a citizen ever since. He owns 290 acres of land. He is Demo cratic in politics, and a member of the M. E. church; and is to-day one of the large and well-to-do farmers of the county, not withstanding he began life poor. N NashE. farmer; sec. 17; P. O. Loraine. Neall Thos. farmer; sec. 20; P. O Lima. Nesbitt J. farmer; eec. 18; P. O. Lima. NesbittWm. M. farmer; eec. 23; P. O. Lima. Nicholson Mary, P. O. Lima. Nicholson M. A. P. O. Lima. NUTT ISAAC, farmer; Sec. 10; P.O. Tioga, Hancock county. The subject of this sketch was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, April 15, 1820. He received his early education in the schools of his native coun ty. He was married in 1844 to Miss Lucy Ann Crays, a native of the same county as her husband. They have had nine children, seven sons and two daughters. In 1846 he moved west and settled in Adams county, 111, where he owns 200 acres of land which, for fertility of soil, will compare favorably with any in the township. Has been Town ship Collector, and also Commissioner of Highways, and is one of the enterprising and well-to-do farmers of the township. Nutt John, fanner; sec. 10; P. O. Tioga. Oatman John, farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Loraine. Orr F. O. farmer ; sec. 25 ; P.O. Lima. ORR GRAYSON, farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Marcelline; was, born in Bourbon county, Ky, Feb. 16, 1810; in the spring of 1822, moved to Boone county, Mo., where he lived until he removed to this county, in January, 1830. He was married in October, 1838, to Miss Mary J. Wood, daughter of John C. Wood (deceased), of this county. They have five children, four sons and one daughter. He owns 160 acres of land which, for fertility of soil and improvements, will compare favorably with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics, has been Supervisor of Lima township for some eight years, and is to-day one of the well" to-do farmers of the township, notwith standing he began life in very moderate circumstances. Orr G. W. farmer ; sec. 17; P. O. Lima. ORR SAVIL, farmer Sec. 17; P. 0. Lima. He was born in Rush county, Ind., LIMA DIRECTORY. 853 Feb. 10, 1828. In 1836 he, with his parents, moved west and settled in Lima, where he received his early education. In 1849 he went to California, and lived there until the fall of 1851, when he returned home and went back again in 1853, this time remaining some eight years, meeting with moderate success. On March 17, 1862, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Eshom, daughter of Dan iel Eshom, of this township. They have four children, three sons and one daughter. He owns 160 acres of land, which will com pare favorably with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Christian church; has been School Trustee some four years, and is one of the enterprising farmers of the county. Orr Wm. M. farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Lima. Orr Willie, P. O. Lima. Owry A. J. farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Loraine. Painter Susan, Bee. 3; P. O. Lima. Perry J. E. farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Lima. Potter J. W. farmer; sec. 26; P.O. Lima. Potter S. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Lima. Powell C. K. farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Lima. Prepot A. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Lima. REAGER CONNER J., farmer and stock dealer; Sec. 13; P. O. Lima. He was born in Rappahannock county, Va, May 21, 1831 ; in 1852 moved west and settled in Piatt county, Mo. In 1864 he moved to Adams county, 111, and on Jan. 25, 1871, he was married to Mrs. Ellen Barton, a native of this county. The fruit of this marriage is three children, one son and two daughters. She had by her previous marriage four chil dren, two sons and two daughters. He owns 100 acres of land, which for fertility of soil and improvement, will compare with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the Baptist church. He is also a member in high standing in the Masonic Fraternity, and one of the energetic and en terprising farmers of the township. Reed James, farmer ; sec. 3; P.O.Tioga. Robertson Cyrus, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Loraine. Ross Zed, O. P. O. Lima. Sauble George, farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Lima. Schultz John, farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Tioga. Selby J. H. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Lima. Selby J. M. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Lima. SELRY LEWIS V., farmer; Sec; 13; P. O. Lima. He was born in Bourbon county, Ky, Aug. 1, 1820; came to this county in 1841 ; was married three times. His first wife was Miss Milly Dazy, to whom he was married Sept. 15, 1843. By this mar. riage he had two children, one son and one daughter. She died in 1854. His second wife was Miss Annie Bolt, to whom he was married April 1, 1868 ; by this marriage, two children, one son and one daughter. She died in February, 1876. His third, and pres ent, wife was Miss Milly Orr, to whom he was married Dec. 1, 1877. She was born in Bourbon county, Ky, Aug. 14, 1819. He owns 136 acres of land, in a high state of cultivation, supplied with fruit and very val uable. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the M. E. church, and one of the energetic citizens who have been conducive to the county's welfare. Seward Samuel, farmer; sec. 12. P. O. Loraine. Shi pa Isaac, farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Lima. Shipe Jacob, P. O. Lima. Shipe J. H. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Lima, Shipe Daniel, farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Lima. Shipe Henry, farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Lima. SHULTZ HARVY R., farmer; Sec. 25 ; P. O. Marcelline. He was born in Ursa township, Feb. 12, 1847 ; was educated in the schools of that township. In the spring of 1865 he enlisted in Co. G, of the 58th Regt. 111. Inf, and served till the close of the war. On the 13th of May, 1873, he was married to Miss Harriet M. Orr, daugh ter of Grayson Orr, of this township. They have had two children, only one of whom is now living : Wm. Henry, born Feb. 23, 1874. He owns 110 acres of land, which for soil will compare with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics, and School Direc tor. He has been constable of Ursa for two years, and is one of the young, energetic and industrious sons of the county. SLATTERY CHAS. I., farmer; Sec. 17; P O. Lima. The subject of this sketch was born in Hancock county, 111, near Warsaw, June 16, 1848. He is the only son of John Slattery (deceased), of Hancock county. In August, 1871, he moved to Lima township, Adams county, and purchased and began improving the beautiful farm on which he now resides. In June of the same year, he was married to Miss Nancy Snyder, daughter of A. J. and Martha A. 854: HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Snyder, of this township, who was born July 10, 1846. They have one child, Jesse, born Feb. 19, 1872. He owns eighty-nine acres of land, which will compare with any in the county. In 1861, he enlisted in the 2d Kan. Cav, and served three years. He is Republican in politics, and one of the- young and well-to-do farmers of the town ship.Simpson Benj. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Loraine. Snyder A. J. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Lima. Snyder Philip, farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Lima. SPENCER O. PERRY, mer chant; Lima; was bom in this township, March 16, 1847 ; was married to Miss Ela- dore Carter, Sept. 10, 1873. She was born in Walker township, Hancock county, 111, Dec. 12, 1852. They have two children: Allie P, born June 25, 1874, and Jessie Evelyn, born Oct. 1, 1876. He owns some very valuable business and residence prop erty in the town of Lima, centrally located. He is republican in politics, and a member of the M. E. church. He is one of the energetic and industrious citizens of the county,',to whom it owes its present, and looks for its future, prosperity. He is at present engaged in merchandising, in a gen eral line of dry-goods, groceries, boots and shoes, etc. Spicer Raucer, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Loraine. Sprinkle L. farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Tioga. Stafford Ann ; P. O. Lima. Stansberry Margaret; P.O.Lima. Stewart John; P. O. Lima. Strickland Anna; sec. 23; P. O. Lima. Tripp Alvin, farmer; eec. 5; P. O. Tioga. Thornton L. L. farmer; sec. 19; P. O. Lima. Tripp Rufus, farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Tioga. V VANCE MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE, merchant; Lima; was born in this town, Oct. 6, 1846 ; was married to Miss Catherine Clarke, July 26, 1867. She was born in Hancock county, this State. They have two children, Eddie Curtis and Freddie. He owns a valuable business property, with dwelling attached, in Lima, and is doing a fine business in drugs, dry- goods, and groceries, and has, by close at tention and fair dealing, built himself up a veiy lucrative business. He is a Repub lican, and a member of the M. E. church. He is one of the young, energetic, and in dustrious citizens who are so conducive to the county's welfare and prosperity. VANHORN GEO. W., farmer; Sec. 21; P.O. Lima; was born in Bucks county, Penn, June 17, 1826, where he re ceived his early education. In 1845, he moved west, and settled in Adams county, 111, where he was married, in August, 1846, to Miss Elizabeth Vinson, who was born in Ohio, Feb. 20, 1828. They have had twelve children, ten of whom are now living, three sons and seven daughters : Joseph M, born Oct. 25, 1847 (died Jan. 22, 1852) ; Geo. L, born Oct. 9, 1850 ; Mary Ann Amelia, born Jan. 25, 1853; Clara D, born Jan. 26, 1856; Emma E, born April 4, 1858 ; Wm. John Dayton, born May 5, 1859 ; Harrett Lydia, born Oct. 18, 1861; Ida, born June 9, 1864; Ada May, born Nov. 5, 1865 ; Halcane, born Feb. 8, 1867 (died July 11, 1869); Lucinda Olive, born June 20, 1869, and Richard Grant, born March 9, 1871. He owns 100 acres of land. He is Republican in politics, and a member of the M. E. church, and is now one of the prominent farmers of the township. He began life in moderate cir cumstances. VIERHELLER CHARLES, Postmaster; Lima; was born in Germany, Nov. 8, 1832; received his early education in the schools of his native country, and, in 1852, emigrated to this country, and settled in Columbus, Ohio, where he lived two years, and, for the next three years, traveled about from one place to another. In 1857, he settled in Warsaw, 111, where he was married, in 1858, to Miss Annie E. Ehler, a native of the same country as her husband. They have had six children, four of whom are now living, two sons and two daughters. His wife died, Feb. 11, 1877. He owns a valuable property in the town of Lima. He is a Republican, and is at present Post master of Lima, which office he has held for two years ; was commissioned 2d Lieu tenant of the 8th Regt. Mo. Inf, in June, 1861, and was afterward promoted to 1st Lieutenant of the same regiment; served some two years, during which time he took part in the battles of Fort Donaldson, Rus- sel's House before Corinth, Champion Hill, LIMA TOWNSHIP LIMA DIRECTORY. 855 Black River, and Vicksburg, where he was disabled, and resigned his commission in 1863. He then came to Lima, and has been a prominent and esteemed citizen of the town ever since. Vinson Catherine, P. O. Lima. VINSON ELISHA J., farmer; Sec. 7 ; P. O. Lima ; was born on the farm he now lives on, Sept. 30, 1838. He is the third son of Isaac D. Vinson, deceased, one of the early citizens of this township. He was educated in the schools of Lima, and was married Jan. 2, 1861, to Miss Achsah Ormsby, daugh ter ot Robert Ormsby, of Indiana, born Dec. 22, 1842. They have had eleven children, three of whom are now living : Isaac M, born March 26, 1864 ; Milly, born Nov. 15, 1866, and Mary E, bom Sept. 27, 1878. He owns 176 acres of land, which, for fertility of soil and improve ment, will compare favorably with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics, and one of the solid and well-to-do farmers of the county. Vinson E. S. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Lima. VINSON GRAYSON T., farmer: Sec. 6 ; P. O. Lima. The subject of this sketch was born in sec. 7, Lima township, Oct. 26, 1834. He is the second son of Isaac D. and Katie Vinson (deceased). Mr. Vinson was born in Giles Co, Tenn, May 26, 1804, and his wife in Bourbon Co, Ky, Oct. 8, 1807. They came to this county in 1830 from Mis souri, where they had lived some years after coming west. They raised a family of eight children, six sons and two daughters. He died, June 9, 1847, and his wife, Nov. 9, 1862. Mr. G. T. Vinson was educated in the schools of Lima, and on the 11th of April, 1863, was married to Miss JS ancy J. Lemons, daughter of Rudy Lemons, of this township. They have five children, one son and four daughters. He owns 105 acres of land, which for soil and improvement, will compare with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics, and School Director of the town of Lima,_ and one of the successful farmers of the county. Vinson I. M. farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Lima. Vinson J. A. farmer; sec, 12; P. O. Lima. VernerL. O. P. O. Lima. Vrendenburg S. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Tioga. w Wade M. A. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Lima. WADE WASHINGTON H., farmer ; Sec. 11 ; P. O. Lima ; was born in Pulaski county, Ky, July 29, 1829 ; came to this county in the fall of the same year with his parents ; was married to Miss Sa- rah M. Hightower, Jan. 12,1865. She was born in Mendon township, Oct. 17, 1849. They have two children : Edwin F, bom March 25, 1866, and Willie L, born March 3, 1873. He owns 620 acres of land, 160 of which is in a high state of cultivation, elegantly im proved, abundantly stocked with fruit,- and very valuable. He is Democratic in politics, and is Supervisor of the township, which office he has filled for two terms previously, and has held other offices of trust and im portance in the township. He is one of the early, energetic and industrious citizens who are always looking after the county's wel fare.Wait John, farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Lima. Wait Stephen, farmer; sec. 30; P.O. Lima. Weaver J. B. P. O. Lima. Whitcomb E. S. P. O. Lima. Wilshouse Martha, P. O. Lima. Whittlesy Samuel, farmer ; sec. 13; P. O. Loraine: WOOD WORTH CHARLES L., farmer; Sec. 2; P. O. Tioga, Hancock county ; was born in Hancock county, 111, April 19,1836; on Feb. 9, 1871, was mar ried to Miss Nancy L. Goodwin (daughter of Alex Goodwin, of Hancock county). They have three children, all sons. In March, 1877, he moved to Lima township, this county, where he owns eighty acres ot land, which, for fertility of soil and improve ment, compares favorably with any in the township. He is Democratic in politics, and a member of the M. E. church south. In 1854 he went to California on a gold hunt ing expedition and returned in 1870, having been moderately rewarded. He is now one of the well to do farmers of the township. Workman G. W. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Lima. WORKMAN JOHN L., farmer; Sec. 19 ; P. O. Marcelline ; was born in Da vidson county, North Carolina, June 6, 1824 ; at an early age moved west with his parents, and in the spring of 1836 settled in Lima township. On March 11, 1869, he 856 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. was married to Miss Martha S. Hines, a native of Wayne county, Ky. He owns 111, acres of very valuable land, well improved. He is Republican in politics ; has been Su pervisor of the township several terms, also Commissioner of Highways in Lima for a number of years, and is now one of the in fluential, enterprising farmers of the county. Workman Phosbe, sec. 9; P. O.Lima. Wood Rebecca, P. O. Lima. Y Yates Henry, farmer; Bee. 16; P.O.Tioga. Yates John, farmer ; sec. 14; P.O. Loraine. Young Absalom, farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Lima. KEENE TOWNSHIP. Acuepohl, farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Big Neck. Adair Richard, farmer; sec. 17; P. O. Loraine. Alexander John, "farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Loraine. Andrews David, farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Loraine. Andrews Jamee, farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Loraine. Andrews S. J. farmer; sec 32 ; P. O . Loraine. ANDREWS WILLIAM A., farmer; Sec. 30; P. 0. Mendon; was born in Adams county, Penn., Oct. 17, 1849; came to this county with his parents in 1855. His father settled in Mendon township, where he bought a farm. Mr. A. married Sarah Wilcox in 1874. She was born in Adams county, in 1851. They had one child, James T., born March 10, 1875. Mr. A. has ninety-six acres of land, about seventy-five acres under good cultivation, worth $3,000. Arnold F. peddler; sec. 84; P. O. Big Neck. Austin Daniel, farmer; sec. 31; P. O. Loraine. AUSTIN PETER Q., farmer; Sec. 19 ; P. O Mendon; was born in Wayne county, N. T., Aug. 5, 1837; married Miss Phoebe J. Ely, April 7, 1864. She was born in Adams county, March 10, 1842. They had four children. Mr. A.'s father first settled on section 8, Honey Creek township, in April, 1839. Mr. A. can remember well when they did plowing with an ox team; went to mill near Quincy (Leonard Mill) with oxen usually, taking two days to make the trip (Quincy, at that time, was their only market) ; remembers his father carrying white beans there, and only being offered twenty-five cents per bushel, informed them he would live on bean soup awhile before he would sell them at that price; owns 127 acres of land, 100 under cultivation, worth $5,000. AUSTIN WILLIAM H., farmer; Sec. 30; P. O. Mendon; was born in Adams county, Sept. 5, 1846; married Mies Mary Wilcox, Nov. 12, 1874. She was born in Adams county, June 5, 1855. They have had three children, two living. Mr. A.'s parents came to Adams county in 1841, from New York; first settled in Mendon town ship. They had six children, three living. The subject of this sketch owns 155 acres of land, 120 under cultivation, valued at $6,200. RAILEY ALFRED K., farmer; Sec. 36; P. O. Coatsburg; was born in East Tennessee, July 25, 1835; came with his parents to Adams county in 1838. His father first settled near Coatsburg, where he made his first improvements, and raised his family. Mr. B. married Miss Sarah J. White, June, 1861. She was born in Ala bama, in 1839. They have had ten children, eight living. Owns 160 acres of land, 120 under good cultivation, worth $6,400. Mr. B.'s father was one of the first settlers in Henry Creek township; died March 5, 1879, at the age of 76. Mr. B. enlisted in August, 1862, in Co. K., 78th Regt. Ills. Inf.; served as Corporal, Sergeant Major, and 2d Lieutenant; was commissioned 1st Lieu tenant in the 109th United States Col'd Inf.; was in the service three years; was at the surrender of Appomatox. He is Justice of the Peace. RANKS JOHN J., merchant; resi dence, Loraine; was born in Adair county Ky., in 1833; came to Illinois with .his parents in 1839; married Miss Margaret A. Thompson, in 1854; came to Adams county K^EENE DIRECTORY. 857 in 1874. He has seventy acres of land, nearly all under cultivation; embarked in the mercantile business in 1878; keeps a general stock of drv goods, boots and shoes. Mr. B. enlisted in the 7th Regt. Mo. Cav., as musician, and served in the Quartermaster's Department two years; was honorably dis charged September, 1865. Mr. and Mrs. B. have had eight children, four now living. Beer Nimrod, carpenter; sec. 81; P. O. Loraine. RENTON JOEL, farmer; Sec. 31; P. 0. Mendon; was born in New Haven county, Conn., Jan. 24, 1812; was married to Miss Lois R. Dudley, May 6, 1834. She was born in Connecticut, in 1814. She died in Adams county, Nov. 1, 1838. For his second wife he married Miss Celia Weld, July 28, 1844. Mr. B. came to the county in 1834; entered the land where he now resides; there was but little improvements in that part of the county when he came. There was a few settlers along the timber. Men don was just laid out, being one black smith shop, and that was what composed Mendon ; and at that time there was only one frame store building in Quincy. Mr. B. came to Keene township with some spare money, and has been instrumental in mak ing more improvements in Keene and ad joining townships than any other citizen. He has been Supervisor several times; was Justice of the Peace eighteen years; had one son by first marriage, born Sept. 38, 1835. Blackman James, farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Loraine. Brownley Maria, sec. 33 ; P. O. Loraine. Cain Ellen J. sec. 6; P. O. Loraine. CAIN JAMES, farmer; Sec. 10; P. O. Loraine ; was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, May 5, 1825 ; came to Adams county in 1849; married Miss Ellen J. Poxwell, Feb. 10, 1850. She was born in Gloucester county, Va., Jan. 16, 1826. They have had four children: Aaron, bom Nov. 16, 1850; Isabella, bom April 7, 1853 ; John W., bom March 23, 1855, and James B., born Oct. 25, 1857. Aaron died Sept. 28, 1851. Mr. Cain came to the place he now owns in I860; has made most of the improvements. He owns 760 acres of land (600 acres under cul tivation), worth $30,400,. besides property in Loraine. Mr. Cain came here a poor boy, but, by hard work and strict economy, has accumulated a fine property. Campbell John, farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Big Neck. Carnaga G. A. justice of the peace; sec. 18; P. O. Loraine. Cecil Henry, farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Loraine. Clark Joseph, peddler; sec, 12; P. O. Loraine. COFFIELD JAMES, Physician; P. O. Loraine ; was born in Adams county, Aug. 21, 1838 ; attended district school until he was twenty years old, then went to Quincy College three years, and the next two winters taught district school. He married Aurilla B. Akins, May 4, 1865. She was born in Ve nango county, Penn., Jan. 3, 1846. Had four children, two living. He began the study of medicine in 1871, and graduated in the Cin cinnati Eclectic Medical College in 1874. He practiced medicine in Loraine in 1874. In the winters of 1874-5 he attended the medical college at Keokuk, Iowa, and prac ticed the next summer; also attended the American Medical College at St. Louis. Since that time he has been engaged in the drug business in Loraine, and practicing his profession. He has been Postmaster since 1878. He owns 175 acres of land (160 under cultivation), worth $8,750. Conrad Adam, farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Loraine. Crabtree Abel, farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Woodville. Craig F. A. farmer; sec 14; P. O. Loraine. Crank Nancy E. sec. 18; P. O. Loraine. CraysH. H. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Loraine. Crays Martin, farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Woodville. Crotts John W. farmer ; sec. 12 ; P.O. Loraine. Cubbage J. H. farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Loraine. Cubbage Wm. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Loraine. Curless H. farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Loraine. CURLESS JOHN, farmer; Sec. 32 ; P. O. Loraine ; was born in Clermont county, Ohio, Sept. 10, 1823 ; married Miss Rachael Seals, May 28, 1846.. She was born in the same county, Feb. 22, 1829 ; had one child born in Ohio ; came to Adams county in 1850. They have had eight children born in this county, four boys and four girls. Mr. Curless first settled on section 32 in Feb ruary, 1879. He owns 228 acres ot land on section 22 (eighty under cultivation), and 100 in section 32, worth about $9,200. He and his wife are members of the M. E. church. Their oldest daughter is married and lives in Kansas. Two sons are married and live on the homestead. 858 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Dearwester J. C. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Loraine. Donnelly Henry, farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Big Neck. Eddy Esther, section 30; P. O. Loraine. Eddy E. H. farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Loraine. Edmonston E. farmer; sec. 31; P. O. Loraine. Farmer Sallie, sec. 21; P. 0. Loraine. Felgar John, farmer; sec. 32; P. O. Loraine. Fletcher Ephraim, farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Loraine. Fleming George, farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Loraine. Fleming Thomas, farmer ; sec. 33; P. O. Loraine. Foster Mrs. Wm. Bee. 26; P. O. Loraine. Frammel Eliza E. sec. 14; P. O. Loraine. Frederick J. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Woodville. G GarnerJames, farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Loraine. Gibson Jas. farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Big Neck. Gilmer Sarah, sec. 32; P. O. Loraine. Goodnow Henry, farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Loraine. Grosh Mrs. E. L. sec. 26; P. O. Loraine. Guseman D. E. farmer ; sec. 7; P. O. Loraine. OUSEMAN WILLIAM A., far mer ; Sec. 17 ; P. O. Loraine ; was born in West Virginia, Oct. 25, 1827 ; came to Adams county in 1858; married Miss Lavema E. Breneman, Dec. 8, 1868. She was born in West Virginia, Dec. 4, 1839. One child, William H., who was born May 20, 1875. Mr. G. has 100 acres of land, sixty acres under good cultivation, worth $3,000. Mr. Guse- man's father settled on Sec. 16, where he lived and died, Mr: G. remaining with him until his death. He then moved on to Sec. 17, where he now resides. Mr. and Mrs. Guse man are members of the M. E. church. Mrs. Guseman's father and mother came to Han cock county in 1843. Her mother died in 1854, and her father in 1866. H II ALIS KV WILEY, farmer; Sec. 29; P. O. Loraine; was born in Meigs Co., Ohio, Sept., 1862 ; came to Adams county in 1846 ; settled on the place that he now owns ; married Miss Ann J. Boyd. She was born in Indiana, and died November, 1872. Second marriage : Patience E. Andrew. They have two children: Margaret May, and Hannah H. Mr. H. made all the improvements on the homestead, and has seen the ups and downs of a new country. Owns 273 acres of land, 115 under good cultivation. Has a fine residence, and his property is worth $11,000. Mr. H. recollects the first school house in his district, it was a log house just over the line of Honey Creek township. HARDY RAPTIST, farmer; Sec. 29 ; P. O. Loraine ; was born in Adams Co., Oct., 21, 1850; married Miss Mary J. Stowe, March 1, 1871. She was born in Hancock county in 1852. Have had four children, three living. Mr. H. is the youngest of a family of nine children. His father came to Adams county in 1827; was among the. earliest settlers in this part of the county. He died July 22, 1873. His mother died Aug. 11, 1876. They raised their family of nine children, all of which are still living. Owns 180 acres of land, ninety under cultivation, worth $7,000. Has held the office of Col lector for two terms in the township. HARDY GEORGE, farmer; Sec. 20; P. O. Loraine; was born in Tenn., Dec. 13, 1821; came to Adams county in 1831 with his father; settled on Sec. 30, in this township ; married Miss Mary Frederick in 1842. She was born on Long Island, New York, in 1820. Have had seven children, four living; two living in Knox county, Mis souri. Mr. H. has seen the county from its infancy to its present state of cultivation; owns 1,000 acres of land, 410 in this town ship, about 300 under cultivation. Mrs. H is a member of the Baptist church. Mr. H. settled on Sec. 17 as early as 1846, and made improvements there. HARDY JOSEPH P., farmer; Sec. 31; P. O. Mendon; was born in Adams Co., Jan. 6, 1837; is the fifth child of Baptist Hardy (deceased), who came to this county in 1827, and settled on Sec. 31, of this town ship, in 1831, where he and family lived until his death, which occurred July 22, 1873. His father entered 160 acres of land on Sec. 31, made the improvements, and raised a large family. The subject of this sketch married Casandra McClung in 1858. She was born in Ohio, Oct. 17, 1833. Seven chil dren are the fruits of of this marriage, five of which are still living. Mr. H. owns 218 acres of land, 150 under cultivation, worth $10,900. KEENE DIRECTORY. 859 Hardy Sarah, sec. 32; P. O. Loraine. Hart Amos, farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Big Neck. Hart H. D. farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Loraine. HARTMAN ALEXANDER, farmer; Sec. 3; P.O. Loraine; was born in Adams county, May 21, 1840 ; married Miss Sarah L. Spicer. She was born in Adams county, Oct. 28, 1843. They have five chil dren, all living, two boys and three girls. Mr. Hartman was elected Supervisor first in 1868, also held the office of Collector, Justice of the Peace, and is now serving his second term as Supervisor. They have 160 acres of land, 125 under good cultivation, worth $5,500. Politics, Democrat. Mr. Hartman can remember well when he went to school, and setting on slabs with four legs for benches, and the same was used for writing desks, pins drove into the wall and the slabs laid on them, which constituted the furniture. Hartman Peter, farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Loraine. Hatton J. B. farmer; sec. 14; P. 0. Loraine. HattouN. P. farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Loraine. HATTON SAMUEL P., black smith; P. O. Loraine; was born in Adams county, Feb. 15, 1836; enlisted in Oct., 1861, in 3d Cal. Inf., and served three years ; re- enlisted Dec. 1864, in the 2d Cal. Cavalry, and served until Jan. 3, 1866. He married Miss Sarah E. Riggs, April 1868, in Pike county, Missouri, where she was born. They have five children, all living. Mr. Hatton started the blacksmith business at Loraine in 1871, where he does general repairing ; owns a house and lot in the village. Mr. Hatton served on the frontier, and had many engage ments with the Indians, but got off without a scratch. Hayden C. B. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Loraine Hendrickson Wm. stonemason; sec. 12; P. O. Lo raine. Howard Reason, farmer ; sec. 6; P. O. Loraine. HUDSON THOMAS S., fanner and miller; Sec. 16; P. O. Loraine. He was born in Hungtingdon county, Pa., June 26, 1808 ; came with his parents to Portage county, Ohio, remained there until 1838, then came to Adams county ; married Miss Susannah Nutt, Feb. 11, 1829. She was born in Geauga county, Ohio, 1808. They had nine children, eight living. Mr. Hudson taught the first school in the old school- house on Sec. 16. He has been an active cit izen, running a farm and mill, making all kinds of lumber and meal ; owns 247 acres of and,worth $9,800. Mr. Hudson held the office of School Director for sixteen years, and Jus tice of the Peace eight years, and other local offices. Hughes John, farmer; sec. 4; P. O. Loraine. Jenkins Deborah, sec. I P. O. Loraine. K Kaylor Wm. farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Loraine. Kerlin John, farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Loraine. Ketchum Sarah, sec. 16; P. O. Loraine. Klatt Martin, farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Loraine. Knight John, farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Loraine. Lee John A. farmer; Bee. 4; P. O. Loraine. Linn John, farmer; sec. 12; P.O. Chili, Hancock county. LOWARY D. P., agriculturist; residence, Loraine ; was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, in April 1846 ; came to Adams county in 1850 ; enlisted in Co. D, 137th 111. Inf., in 1864; was discharged at Springfield the same year; married Miss Maria Crum June 30, 1872. She was born in Yonkers, N. Y., Aug. 28, 1850. They had four chil dren, two now living. Mr. Lowary is in the agricultural insurance, and fruit tree busi ness, also deals in wood and ties. He owns four acres of land in Loraine, and 160 in Missouri, worth $1,600. Lynch M. farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Loraine. M McCUNE LEONARD R., farmer; Sec. 6; P. O. Loraine. He was born in Adams county, in 1842 ; married Miss Lydia Elston, Sept. 12, 1866. She was born in In diana in 1848. They have had six children, five now living. Mr. McCune came from Ohio, and settled in Ursa township for a short time ; thence he went to Keene town ship, and made improvements on Sec. 6, where he still lives. His father and mother both died on the same place. He owns forty acres of land of the old homestead place, the balance belongs to the heirs, and will be sold this spring. McCune R. S. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Loraine. McGindleyM. farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Loraine. McKenzie Wm. farmer sec. 18; P. O. Loraine. 860 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Manlove John, farmer; sec. 12; P. 0. Loraine. Markley Wm. farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Woodville. Mason Andrew, farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Loraine. Mason Morgan, farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Loraine. Mitchell Mrs. N. hotel; P. O. Loraine. N Nelson George, farmer ; sec. 1 ; P. 0. Chili. Nelson James, farmer ; sec. 1 ; P. O Chili . Nelson Robert, farmer; sec. 36; P. O. Big Neck. Nichols Jas. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Loraine. NOE JASPER, merchant; resi dence, Woodville. He was horn in Cham paign county, Ohio, Oct. 8, 1837; went to California in 1867, and to Kansas in 1870. He married Miss Sarah E. McClintock. She was born in Buchannan county, Mo., in 1855. They have had three children, one now living. He came to Adams county in 1875; embarked in merchandizing in Woodville, September, 1878, and is doing a fair business ; enlisted Sept. 13, 1861, in Co. I, 42d Regt. Ohio Inf. ; discharged Novem. ber, 1862, for disability. He owns the lot and building where he now resides. Nutt C. H. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Loraine. O'Dear R. M. farmer; sec. 26; P. 0. Big Neck. O'Dell Albert, famer; sec. 12; P. O. Loraine. O'Dell A. M. farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Loraine. O'Dell I. H. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Loraine. followed blacksmithing until the fall of 1862' when he enlisted in Co. F, of the 99th Regt. 111. Inf., and served three years; was dis charged at Quincy in 1865. Mr. Rettig went to Loraine in 1878, when he again embarked in the blacksmith business. He has a house and lot in Loraine. Their daughter died in Beacon Ridge, Hancock county, 111. Riddle G. D. farmer; sec. 15; P. 0. Loraine. Robertson C. E. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Loraine. Rogers Joel, farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Loraine. Rosenberger Geo. farmer; Sec. 21; P. O. Loraine. Rosenkrantz L. farmer; sec. 2; P. 0. Woodville. Rudden P. farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Loraine. Ruffcoru John, farmer; sec. 33; P. O'. Loraine. Ruff corn Lewis, farmer; sec. 28; P. O. Loraine. RUMRAUGH W. H., farmer; Sec. 17; P. O. Loraine; was born in Westmore land county, Pa., Dec. 22, 1826 ; married Miss Hannah Weaver. She was born in same county, Nov. 3, 1825. They have had eight children, seven living, four boys and three girls. Mr. R. and family went to Wayne county, Ohio, in 1861 ; remained until the Fall of 1868, when they came to Adams county. Has 160 acres of land, 135 under culivation. Held the office of Trustee in Wayne county, Ohio, for three years. Are members of the Lutheran church. Runyan Wm. farmer ; sec. 35; P. O. Loraine. Rust C. W. farmer; sec. 21; P. O. Loraine. s PageE. C. farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Loraine. Patton J. D. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Woodville. Pittman Henry, farmer ; sec. 33 ; P . O. Loraine. Pittman Lewis, farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Loiaine. Pollock John, farmer; .sec. 21 ; P. O. Loraine. Prather .Aaron, farmer; sec. 2; P. 0. Woodville. Prjor Wm. farmer; sec. 18 ; P. O. Loraine. R Randolph Betsy, P. O. Woodville. Reese J. S. farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Loraine. Reese Richard, farmer ; sec. 34 ; P. O. Loraine. Reese S. S. farmer; sec. 27; P. 0. Loraine. Reese W. H. farmer; Bee. 34; P. O. Loraine. RETTIG- FRANK, blacksmith; P. O. Loraine. He was born in Franklin county, Pa., Nov. 18, 1833 ; came with his parents to Adams county in 1838. He mar ried Adeline Webb in 1855. She was born in Morgan county, 111., in 1831. They have had five children, four living. Mr. Rettig Sanderson James, farmer; sec. 6; P. O. Loraine. SEALS DENNIS, farmer; Sec. 27 ; P. O. Loraine. He is the third child and oldest son of James Seals, (deceased), who was the father of eleven children, all lived to be men and women, and married, ten now living. The subject of this sketch was born in Green county, Pa., Jan. 11, 1814 ; came to Clermont county, Ohio, in 1817, and to Adams county in 1837. He married Miss Mary J. Farmer, Jan. 21, 1838. She Was born in Clermont county, Ohio, May 15, 1821. Ten children, six boys and four girls, seven now living. Mr. S. first settled on Sec. 22, then on 27, where he has resitted since, and has seen the country from a wilderness up to its present state of culti vation. When he came here, done their harvesting with reaping hooks and cradles; used puncheons for floors, clapboards for tables. His parents died in Adams county. KEENE DIRECTORY. 861 SEALS CHRISTOPHER, mer chant ; residence Loraine ; was born ih Cler mont county, Ohio, Feb. 22, 1831 ; came to Adams county in 1851 ; married Miss Marg aret M. Lookmire in August, 1833. She was born in same county, Oct. 27, 1835. They have two children: Rebecca Ann and Charles H. Mr. Seals is an active man ; is mer chandising and trading in railroad ties, farming, and raising stock; makes a spec ialty in raising horses ; owns 263 acres of land, 200 under good cultivation, besides, owns five lots and three houses in Loraine. Politics, Democratic. SEALS JAMES M., farmer ; Sec. 22; P. O. Loraine; was born in Clermont county, Ohio, March 27, 1833. He is the tenth child and sixth son of James B. Seals (deceased) ; came to Adams county in 1857; married Miss Mary Jane Ketchum, March 16, 1859. She was born in Clermont county, Ohio, in Dec. 25, 1838. Three children, two daughters and one son. Mr. S. came to this county a poor man, and now owns fifty-five acres of land, thirty acres under cultivation. Has held local offices of trust, and always taken a lively interest in township and county affairs. Politics, Democratic. SEALS JOSEPH, farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. O. Loraine. He is the fourth child and second son of James Seals (deceased) ; was born in Clermont county, Ohio, March 27, 1819 ; came to Adams county in 1839; walked from Shawneetown to St. Louis; thence to Keene township. There was but a few settlers on the route from Shawnee town to Keene township ; there was plenty of deer, wolves, and wild cats. Married Miss Catherine Cecil, Feb. 3, 1853. She was born in Kentucky in Oct. 14, 1830. Came withfhis parents in an early day to Knox county, 111. Have had four children, three living. When Mr. S. first came, worked at his trade, bricklaying and plastering. Owns 155 acres of land, 105 under cultivation, worth $6,200. His first residence was a log cabin, 14x14, kitchen, sitting-raom, and parlor. Used what is termed Jackson or Prairie bedsteads; hoop poles for bed cords, and puncheons for floors. His first crop of wheat was sold at twenty-five cents per bushel ; hauled it to Quincy, and traded it out in goods. Pork was worth $1.50 per hundred, and that in trade. For the first two years money was so scarce that they could not get enough to pay postage. Rat tle snakes were more plenty in those days than greenbacks are at present. "Haw Buck," " Gee Bright," were the organs that we played in those days, and hog and homr iny was the fare. Had to go twenty-eight miles to mill, eight miles southeast of Quincy, on Mill Creek; made the trip in two days. The first winter salt was $4 pe- bushel, coffee twenty-five cents per pound. Mr. S. was sixty years old March 27, 1879, and dont owe a dollar in the world. Seals Wm. farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Loraine. Seals W. H. farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Loraine. Sheador J. W. larmer; sec. 26; P. O. Loraine. Shepherd Monroe, farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Loraine. Simmermacher Geo. farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Tioga. Smith Geo. farmer; sec. 19; P. O. Loraine. Smith Wm. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Loraine. SPICER ARCHIMADES N., farmer; Sec. 10; P. O. Loraine; was born in Keene township, Adams county, Dec. 6, 1845. His father came to the township in 1835, when the township was a vast wilder ness. He was identified with its interest until his death, Oct. 27, 1878. His mother died Feb. 18, 1870. The subject of this sketch was married in 1875 to Isabella Wor man, born in Ohio, July 17, 1845. Have two children: Grace, born Sept. 5, 1875; Lou, born July 8, 1878. He owns 270 acres of land, worth $40 per acre ; was in the 155th Regt. 111. Inf. ; enlisted in February, 1865, and discharged at the close of the war, Oct. 18, 1865. His wife is a member of the M. E. church. Mr. Spicer is a Republican. Spicer Mrs. sec. 18; P.O. Loraine. Spicer Sarah, sec . 9 ; P.O. Tioga, Hancock county. STEINER GEORGE, farmer; Sec. 8 ; P. O. Loraine ; was born in Adams county, June 6, 1848 ; married Miss Elizabeth Ann Humphrey in 1872. She was born in Mis souri, Nov. 22, 1854. Have four children ; John H., Edwin E., Michael E., and an in fant. Mr. Steiner's father came to the county in 1837 ; owns 150 acres of land, 120 under good cultivation, worth $4,500; held the office of Collector one year. His father was among the early settlers of Adams county. Steiner Hiram, farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Loraine. STEINER MICHAEL, farmer; Sec. 5; P. O. Loraine; was born in Ger many, Jan. 30, 1810 ; came to New York in 862 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 1836 (where he saw President Van Buren) ; thence to Pittsburgh, Pa., where he got em ployment on a coal boat; went to New Orleans; came up the river to Vicksburg; stopped one month, and to Quincy in 1837; got a situation on the steamboat Olive Branch, plying between St. Louis and Galena, among the first boats that run on the Upper Mississippi; afterward engaged to Mr. Whipple in a saw mill ; sawed the blue ash flooring that went into the first house that Mr. Browning built; married Ann Catherine Gable in 1839. She was born in Germany, Feb. 20, 1820. Had nine chil dren, seven living— four boys and three girls ; has raised wheat and sold it for twenty-five cents per bushel. Mr. Steiner remembers the winters of 1839-40, the river froze so early that^the merchants could not get their supplies, so they had to cart them from St. 'Louis; he saw salt sold that winter for $4 per bushel. Mr. Steiner moved on to the place where he now resides in 1842 ; has ac cumulated a fine property; has at this time 300 acres of land; gave his two married sons 160 acres; has 150 acres under good cultivation. Mr. Steiner was subpenaed as a witness at Macomb in 1845 ; made his way the best he could, keeping the direction, there being no roads in that part of the county. Prince Albert's father was Mr. Steiner's captain in the regular army in Germany.Stephens Solon, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Loraine. Stephens Thos. farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Loraine. StillwellA. J. farmer; sec. 8; P. O. Stillwell, Han cock county. Strickler H. W. farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Loraine. Swain J. M. farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Loraine. Swain John, farmer ; sec. 23 ; P. O. Loraine. Swain Sam. farmer; Bee. 15; P. O. Loraine. Theiten Henry, farmer; sec. 4; P. O. Loraine. Thomas Belle, sec. 9; P. O. Loraine. THOMAS RENJAMIN, farmer; Sec. 18; P. O. Loraine; was born in Butler county, Ohio, Sept. 3, 1831 ; came to Adams county in 1837, with his parents. They had eight children; three were born in this county. He married Miss Elizabeth J. Stilwell in 1853. She was born in Johnson county, Ind., in 1834. They have had eight children, seven living. Mr. Thomas has 148 acres of land, 125 acres of which is under good cultivation, worth about $5,800. His father is one of the oldest settlers of Adams county; has seen it grow from a wilderness up to its present state of cultiva tion. Thompson Wm. farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Big Neck. Thorp John, farmer; sec. 15; P. O. Loraine. Treach George, farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Loraine. Treach G. W. farmer; sec. 4; P. O. Loraine. Turner O. farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Loraine. Turner Orilla; sec. 9; P. O. Loraine. Tuxford James, farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Big Neck. u Ury Susan A. sec. 14; P. O. Loraine. Vanhorn G. farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Loraine. w Wade Austin; sec. 7; P. O. Loraine. WARD FREDERICK, farmer; Sec. 20; P. O. Loraine; was born in Hancock county, 111., June 22, 1840; married Miss Sarah Cort, April 15, 1869. She was born in Pennsylvania in 1845. They have had five children, four living: Franklin, born April 6, 1870; George, born March, 1872; Henry, born March, 1874; Sarah Jane, born Nov. 28, 1875; and the baby, born March 28, 1878. Henry was drowned in Bear Creek, six miles west; went with his parents on a visit, got lost in the woods, and his body was found in the water, Dec. 12, 1877. Mr. Ward owns eighty acres of land, three- fourths of a mile from the village of Lo raine, forty-five of which is under good cul tivation, worth $3,000. He went to Califor nia in 1863, remaining there one year; returned to this county, and bought his present home in December, 1868. Ward Jerome, carpenter; sec. 16; P. O. Loraine. Ward P. C. farmer; sec. 28; P. O. Loraine. Weidenhammer J . farmer ; sec. 15; P. O. Loraine. Whittlesey Mrs. sec. 18; P. O. Mendon. Wilson L. farmer; sec. 7; P O. Loraine. WILCOX THOMAS, farmer; Sec. 9 ; P. O. Loraine; was born in Oxfordshire, England, July 7, 1828; came to Adams county in 1847 ; his father settled in Men don township, and settled where his father and mother died. Married Miss Jane Hew itt ; she was born in Ireland, in 1828. They KEENE DIRECTORY. 863 have eight children, four boys and four girls. Mr. W. came to Sec. 19, Keene town ship in 1866 ; has 151 acres of land, 100 under cultivation. Mr. and Mrs. W. are members of the Episcopal church. Three of their oldest children are married, one lives in Cass county, Mo., the others live in this township. His father has sold pork in Quincy for $1.25 per hundred, and they wanted him to take p*rt in goods, as they could not nay so much in money. Mr. W. and father bought fifty acres of land near Mendon, paid $10 per acre for cleared, and $7 for timber. Wilson D. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Loraine. WILSON JOHND., farmer; Sec. 17; P. O. Loraine; was born in Shelby county, Ind., Jan. 29, 1822. Married Miss Ann Eads, Nov. 6, 1850; she was born in Madison county, Ind., and died in 1853, For his second wife he married Miss Eliza beth A. Zinn, Dec. 6, 1855. She was born in Marion county, Va., Jan. 14, 1837. They have two children, Thresia B., born Sept. 29, 1856; Charles B., born July 10, 1858. Mr. W. has held offices of trust in the town ship ; has 110 acres of land, seventy under cultivation. His mother was almost ninety years old when she died; his father died in Indiana. Mr. Wilson came to Adams county in 1850, and to the place where he now resides in 1853. Wilt Samuel, farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Big Neck. Woods James, farmer; sec 28; P. O. Loraine. Yenter G. A. stock dealer; sec. 17; P. O. Loraine. Zinn E. D. sec. 5; P. O. Loraine. NOETHEAST TOWNSHIP. Aden C. farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Keokuk Junction. AdenE. farmer; sec. 32; P. O. Keokuk Junction. ADEN HENRY M., farmer ; Sec. 22; P. O. La Prairie; was born in Hanover, Germany, Dec. 28, 1 841 ; came to this county in 1858. He owns 112% acres of land, val ued at $5,000. Married, for his first wife, Mary Lennis. She was born in Germany, in 1844, and died May 20, 1878, leaving three living children: Mann, Mary and Rankin. For his second wife he married Maggie Berhnes. She was born in 1848. They be long to the Lutheran church. Politics, Re publican. He emigrated from Germany in 1858, on a sailing vessel, and was nine weeks and four days in reaching New Orleans; thence up the Mississippi river to Adams county, where he has resided since. Turns off twenty-five head of hogs, and raises thirty acres of corn. Alberts Louis, blacksmith; P. O. La Prairie. Alexander A. farmer ; sec. 26 ; P. O. Elm Grove. ALEXANDER DANIEL, farmer and stock-raiser; Sec, 24; P. O. Elm Grove; 55 was born in Russell county, Va., Oct. 15 1840 ; came to this county in 1839. He owns 240 acres of land, valued at $10,000. He married Rachel Allen. She was born in Ohio. They have two children : Perdie L. and Sidney W. Emigrated in 1839, with his parents, to this county, where he has resided since. Turns off forty head of hogs, twenty head of cattle, and raises 2,000 bushels of corn, yearly. He has held the office of Road Commissioner. When he first came here he lived in a cabin, 12x12, with nine in the family. There were plenty of deer, wolves, turkeys, and all kinds of game. Quincy, at that time, was but a small place. Mr. Alex ander well knows the hardships through which the pioneer had to pass. ALEXANDER JOHN, farmer; Sec. 25 ; P. O. Elm Grove ; was born in Rus sell county, Va., Nov. 26, 1828; came to this county in 1834; has 170 acres of land, val ued at $5,000; married, for his first wife, Rachel Piggott. She was born in North Car olina, June 4, 1825, and died Feb. 16, 1869. They had seven children : Jason, bom Feb. 23, 1851; Mary E., born March 10, 1853; 864 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Andrew J., bom Dec. 28, 1855 ; Keziah S., born Oct, 30, 1858 ; Nancy A., born April 23, 1861; Philip C, bom May 13, 1863, and John L., bom Dec. 25, 1865. For his second wife he married Catherine Jourdan. She was born in Virginia, Dec. 27, 1845. They have two children: Eva B. and Mattie E. Mr. and Mrs. Alexander belong to the Pres byterian church. He emigrated with his parents to this county when he was six years old, and ranks among the earliest settlers of the township. ALEXANDER M. F., farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Elm Grove; son of Mary and 'William Alexander; was born in this county, Jan. 17, 1841 ; has sixty-five acres of land, valued at $2,600; married Emily Shank, Aug. 17, 1871. She was bora in Brown county, 111., March 3, 1857. They have three chil dren: Delia, born Sept. 27, 1873; Oliver W., bom April 27, 1875, and William R., born July 26, 1877. Are members of the Pres byterian church. He has held the office of Collector. His father, William Alexander, went from Virginia to Tennessee in 1838 ; lived there about one year, and then came to this county in 1840 ; raised a family of thir teen children, who all lived to be men and women. His father came here poor, in an early day, and amassed a good property. The subject of this sketch has lived to see the wild prairies transformed into a fine farming country, and knows what it is to be a pioneer. His father was very poor, and once, when there was a letter in the post- office with charges of twenty-five cents, he had to borrow the money, and it was a year before he could pay it back. Alexander S. farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Elm Grove. Alexander Wm. farmer ; sec. 25 ; P. O. Elm Grove. Anderson James, farmer; sec. 7 ; P. O. La Prairie. RACON R. H., merchant and farmer, La Prairie; was born in Cape Gi rardeau county, Mo., Feb. 17, 1825 ; came to Hancock county in 1835 ; lived there until 1843 ; thence to Fulton county ; lived there until 1856, when he came to this county. He has 452 acres of land, valued at $15,000. He married Charlotte E. Griffin, who was born in Alleghany county, N. Y., Feb. 16, 1823. She is the mother of six children : Alice E., born May 15, 1848 (died Dec. 15, '78); Eliza E., born June 23, 1850 (died Dec. 4, '72) ; Ed ward H., born Jan. 19, 1852; Effiie A., bom April 1, 1855 ; Carlton T., born Jan. 7, 1857, and Lillie, born March 2, 1859. He carries a stock of dry goods and groceries to the amount of $3,000 or $4,000, and does a busi ness of $12,000. His father, Benjamin Bacon (who was born in Sunderland county, Vt., May 11, 1795), married Elizabeth S. Brevard March 22, 1821. She was bom in Iredell county, N. O, July 3, 1797 ; emigrated from North Carolina by teams over the Alleghany Mountains to Cape Girardeau county, Mo., in 1821, occupying between three and four weeks' time ; moved into a log cabin with puncheon floor. Mr. Bacon lived on a farm for about nine years, then moved to Jackson, the county seat, and engaged in merchandis ing, and was afterward elected County and Circuit Clerk. Bagby Wm. farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Augusta. RALFOUR J. H., farmer and stock raiser; Sec. 13; P. O. Elm Grove; was born in Randolph county, N. C, Dec. 31, 1824; came to this county in the spring of 1835 ; has 508 acres of land, valued at $10,000; married Nancy Jane Pettijohn, 1861. She was born in Boone county, 111., Marcli 18, 1842; mother of nine children: Wm. A., born Dec. 29, 1861 ; Edwin A., Aug. 10, 1863 ^ Emma A., April 29, 1865 ; Mary M., Aug. 5, 1867; Dora V, Nov. 27, 1869; Antonette, Jan. 29,1872; Francis P., March 27, 1874; Henly R., Jan. 5, 1877 ; Nancy E., April 27, 1878. They came through from North Car olina with teams ; was on the road seven weeks ; camped out and did their own cook ing; moved into a log cabin, 16x16, with eight in the family. He has held the office of Overseer of Poor, School Director, and belongs to the Methodist church. Mr. Bal four came here when there were no signs of civilization on the prairie, when the deer, wolves and turkey wandered around without molestation, when he could travel for miles without seeing a fence, and has lived to see it developed into one of the best farming countries, and has laid by enough of this world's goods to keep himself and family as long as he lives. Bartholomew Nancy, sec. 31 ; P. O. Keokuk Junc tion. Beckett Mrs. Wm. millinery; P. O. Keokuk Junc tion. NORTHEAST DIRECTORY. 865 Bedle John, farmer; sec. 7; P. O. LaPrairle. Blnkley G. W. farmer; sec. 20; P.O. LaPrairle. RRUNER A. J., farmer; Sec. 4; P. O. La Prairie; son of Joseph and Eliza beth Bruner; was born in Greene county, East Tenn., April 6, 1823; has 265 acres of land, valued at $6,000 ; married for his first wife, Salina Ileyworth. They had seven children, six of whom are living: Elizabeth, John W., Marian C., Abraham L, Ida May, Julia B. For his second wife he married Julia A. Eaves. She was born in York State ; mother of four children: Emma, Maggie, Mattie and David. Mr. Bruner's father was born in Maryland, and emigrated to East Tennessee when he was ten years old, where he lives at the present time, at the age of eighty years. The subject of this sketch came from Tennessee to this State in 1853; moved into a log cabin, 15\15, which had been used for a smoke house. Their furni ture consisted of two chairs, a box for a table, and used what is called prairie bedsteads; came here in an early day, and by hard work has made a good home. RUCKLE W SAMUEL, wheel- wright, P. O. La Prairie; born in Holmes county, 0., Feb. 10, 1827; came to this county in 1850; has eighty acres of land, valued at $2,500 ; married for his first wife, Mary C. Harding, Aug. 22, 1850. They had four children: Eliza Ann, born June 25, 1852; Martha J., Oct. 18, 1854 ; Leonora, Feb. 25, 1858 ; one child died in infancy. For his second wife he married Mary Woods. She was born in Fayette county, Pa., Feb. 12, 1827. Have one child living, Edward, bom Feb. 8, 1867. Mr. Bucklew's father emigrated from Virginia to Holmes Co., O., where he reared a family of five boys and seven girls and died at the age of sixty-five years ; his mother died at the age of seventy years. Mr. and Mrs. Bucklew belong to the M. E. church. His father was in the War of 1812. Mr. Bucklew has followed the business of wagon maker for the last twenty-seven years. BuhrCobus, farmer; sec. 31; P. O. Keokuk Junc tion. Burke A. B. farmer; P. O. LaPrairle. BURKE LEMUEL, farmer and stock shipper ; Sec. 34 ; P. O. Keokuk Junc tion; was born in this township, Nov. 19, 1833; has 543 acres of land, valued at $20,000 ; married Ann Robbins, daughter of Captain Robbins, She was born in North Carolina, 1833. They have six living chil dren : Addie B., Edmund L., Cora Ann, Lydia D., Sarah E. (died in 1874), Floraand Charles L. His father was born in Russell county, Va., Nov. 20, 1809, and married Sarah I for- ney Dec. 27, 1832. She was bom Feb. 1, 1812. She was mother of eight children : Lemuel, Sarah E., Wm. IL, Lydia D., Louisa V., Rebecca T., Mary E., Robert L. His father emigrated from Virginia to Schuyler county, when he was two years old, and in the spring after tho " big snow," 1830, lo cated liis land and improved some of it, and brought his family here in the spring of 1832, and moved into a log shanty 16x16, covered with split clapboards ; cut poles in the woods for bedsteads, and for a table used a board across a sugar barrel. Tho subject of this sketch enlisted in the 119th Regt. 111. Inf., as 1st Sergt.; was in the bat tle at Rutherford Station, where he was cap tured by Gen. Forest ; paroled and sent to Benton barracks, St. Louis, afterward ex changed ; was in the Rod River Expedition, also in the battle of Tupelo, where they whipped Forest; was at Nashville, and •fought Hood; was in the engagement at Fort Blakely, the last battle participated in ; mustered out at Mobile Ala. BURKE RORERT F., breeder of line stock ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. Keokuk Junction ; was born at his. place of residence, May 15, 1850, being the youngest child of Fleming and Sarah Burke, who emigrated to this county in the year 1833. He owns 370 acres of land, finely improved, and valued at $15,000. Mr. Burke is engaged in the breed ing of short-horn cattle and Poland China hogs. In 1871-72, prior to going to Mon tana in 1870, it became necessary to dispose of his stock. After remaining west one year, he returned. His desire being so strong for fine stock, he could not refrain from engaging in that business once more. His Elm Leaf herd of short horns are very choice, being represented by the following popular families: Louans, White Rose, Young Mary's, Young Phyllis, and others, including two imported cows, Primula (the dam of Kissinger's famous Breastplate), and Roseleaf 5th. The herd is headed by the premium Young Phyllis bull Orange No ble, 30,469 A. H. B., bred by J. H. Kissin- 866 history of Adams county. ger & Co., Ciarksville, Mo. ; sired by im ported Orange Boy, 30,468; dam Beauty Noble, bred by B. B. Groom, of Kentucky. Orange Noble has been exhibited at At lanta, Logan county, 111., Bloomington, 111., Peoria, 111., Illinois State Fair, at Freeport, 111., Springfield, 111 , Adams county, 111., Brown county. 111., and Schuyler county fairs, carrying off, in almost eveiy instance, the blue ribbon. He is a regular " Murphy." In 1878, his cattle took first prize as best herd of any age or breed at Adams and Schuyler county fairs; also, second at Brown county fair. He also breeds Berk shire and Poland China swine. It is claimed that each breed excels the other. It is his desire to try both breeds, and give them an equal chance, and ascertain which is the best breed for farmers. He also breeds Cotswold sheep, eligible for entry in the American Cotswold record. The cattle are registered in A. H. B. The swine, are recorded in the Berkshire and Poland China swine books. Mr. Burke takes a leading in terest in the temperance cause — is President of the Elm Grove Society ; is a young man of sterling integrity and untiring industry, and is laying the foundation for a future prosperous and happy life, whose influence will be appreciated in the community at large.Burke Wm. farmer; sec. 26; P. 0. Elm Grove. Burnett Jas. N. farmer; sec. 19; P. O. La Prairie. Bui-s W. J. lumber; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Byland John, farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Augusta. c CAIN ENOS, farmer; Sec. 16; P. 0. La Prairie ; was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, Sept. 23, 1808; came to this county in 1847. He owns 134 acres of land, valued at $6,000 ; married Miss Nancy Wiling. She was born in Harrison county, Ohio, in 1810. They have ten children : Henry, Hannah, Thomas, Mary Ellen, Aaron, Rebecca, John, Martha, Benj . Franklin, and James, who are all living. Hannah, his eldest daughter, married Wm. A. Pyle, a Methodist minis ter, who took a great interest in the Union cause. He recruited a company, and was commissioned as Captain, and afterward Colonel of the regiment, and, by the recom mendations of Gens. Thomas and Seigel, was commissioned as Brigadier General; was afterward elected to Congress from the First District of Missouri ; received the ap pointment as Governor of New Mexico; also, Minister to South America. At the first election attended by Mr. O, there were only twenty-two voters; came here in limited circumstances, but, by industry and economy, he has made himself and family a good home. When he first came to this county, he rode from La Prairie to Carthage without seeing a fence or piece of ground broken. CARTER JACOR F., farmer; Sec. 14; P. O. Elm Grove; was bom in Lancaster county, Penn., June 24, 1828; came to this county in 1835. He owns forty-six acres of land, valued at $1,800; married Miss Elizabeth J. Walker. She was born in Randolph county, N. O, Aug. 21, 1S25. Thej- have six children: Nancy L., born Aug. 5, 1851 ; John W., born Feb. 24,1854; Lydia D., Oct. 8, 1856; Wm. E. A., Nov. 28, 1859; Jacob S., Aug. 7, 1863; Emma A., June 2, 1868. Mr. and Mrs. C. belong to the M. E. church. He enlisted in the 50th Regt. 111. Inf., Co. B, Capt. Smith; was in the battles of Fort Henry and Fort Donaldson, and Shiloh, where he was struck with a musket ball in his ankle, which makes a cripple of him. A plug of tobacco once saved his life ; a ball struck his box which the tobacco was in, and it stopped the force of the ball. He got his wound carrying Col. Bain off the field. Mr. C. came amongst the men who first came to the township ; has lived two winters on wild meat, when there was no other to be had. Gov. Wood lived in a log-house, when Mr. Carter first came to this county. Chambers Chas. farmer; P. O. La Prairie. CHINN CHAS. R., druggist'; LaPrairie; was born iu Warren county, 111., Jan. 14, 1856; is the only druggist in town; carries a stock of about $1,400; married Ellen McClellan. She was born in this county. She is the, mother of one child: Ollie, born Aug. 5, 1877. Mr. Chinn was employed in Quincy as engineer for Archi bald Brown's cracker factory. He has spent most of his life in this county; does a busi ness of about $4,000. Chushenberry J. T. physician; P. O. Keokuk Junc tion. Cooley J. general business ; P. O. La Prairie. NORTHEAST DI HKOTi IKV. 867 D Davis li. T. Btone mason; P. 0. Keokuk Junction. IWiROOT EDWARD, farmer and stock-raiser; Sec. 12; P. O. Augusta, Hancock county, 111.; was born in the city of New York, Oct. 4, 1815; canio to this county in the fall of I860; married Hannah West. She was born at Long Branch, N. J., March 28, 1817. She is mother of ten chil dren: Julia A., born April 24, 1838; John, born March 31, 1810; George W., born Jan. 3, 1842; Mary E., born March 20, 1844; John B., born June 12, 1810; Wm. H., born Oct. 1, 1818; Edward, born Nov. 7, 1850; Clarissa, born Jan. 3, 1853; Adell, March 10, 1856; Eugene, April 11, 1858. John died June 4, 1H12; Wm. IL, Sept. 10, 1819; Clar issa, June, 1878. John B. enlisted in the 50th Regt. 111. Inf.; was with Sherman on his march to the sea; was wounded in North Carolina and sent to New York hospital, where he remained a few months, when he was mustered out. Mr. DeGroot has a good farm of 360 acres, and a comfortable home, valued at $7,000, and is one of the sound farmers of the township. He belongs to the M. E. church. DeCiKOOT JOHN, farmer and stock-raiser; Sec. 10; P. O La Prairie; was born in the city of New York, April 8, 1808; came to this county in the fall of 1836; mar ried Margaret Harvey in 182'.). She was born in Monmouth county, N. J., March 23, 1801. Seven children: Mary, born Oct. 19, 1830; Wm. II. and Jacob B. (twins), born March 17, 1832; Phuibe, May 2, 1839; John, April 6, 1841; Edward, July 0, 1843; Clarissa, Aug. 13, 1846. Jacob B., died Feb. 19, 1840. Mr. DeGroot emigrated from New York to Long Branch, N. J., in 1816: lived there twenty years; thence to Adams county, coming through from Long Branch in a two- horse wagon, being six weeks and two days on the road; stopped at Quincy one year, and then came to the farm where he now resides, moving into a log shanty,18xl8, with live in the family. There was not a house on what is called La Prairie. -Air. De Groot came here at an early day, has accu mulated a fine property, having 1,440 acres of land, valued at $43,200, and is the wealth-. iest man in the township. On the way from Quincy to his present home, in 1830, he did not see a house. DeGroot W. II. farmer; sec. 29; P. <). La Prairie. OILLS II EN It Y IK, farmer and stock raiser; Sec. Is; ]>, (J. }M Prairie; was born in Parkersburg, Va., Jan. 15, 1816; came to this county April 30, 1830. He has 175 acres of lainl, valued at $7,000; married Elizabeth Thompson. She was born in Alliens county, Ohio, Dec 29, 1823. They have twelve children, ten living; William R., born Sept. 1, 1842; .Mary E., June 4,1841; Tunis [•:., Sept. 21, 1840; James M., Jan. 19, 1810; Georgia A., Feb. 1, 1851; Hobart, April 25, 1853; Marion, Sept. 11, 1855; Clara L, Nov. 10, 1857; Laura C, Jan. 25, 1859; Harrison, Jan. 30, 1861; Walter L., March 19, 1803; Frederick, June 10, 1S65; (William and Georgia died in infancy). They emi grated from Virginia to Ohio when he was two years old, lived there ten years; thence to Adams county, and lived in Quincy until 1857; worked at the plastering business for twenty years; worked on Gov. "Woods' house, also the Quincy House. There were but few houses in the city; has shot squir rels on the seminary grounds. Mrs. Dills was in Quincy in 1833, when it was not larger than La Prairie. The Court House was a log house ; it was burnt down, and four prisoners were brought to her father's house for safe keeping. When they came here their whole, effects would not amount to a hundred dollars. He built a house on Kentucky aud Sth street in 1K42, which is still standing. He came here in limited cir cumstances, by industry and economy has made himself and family a good homo. Dorsett S. C. farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Elm Giove. ORA HE COL. J. M. A., mer chant; P. O. La Prairie; was born in Chat ham county, N. C , head of Cape. Fear river, April (!, 1812; was a practicing lawyer for a number of years ; came to this county, June, 1858; married Eliza Balfour. She was born in tho same place, May 20, 18 12. She was the mother of nine children; Mary E., An drew B. (who was named after his great grandfather, who was a soldier in the Revo lutionary War, and who was killed by Ed- mun Fanning, u notorious rebel), Maria L., Archibald ((., Francis <>., Margaret E., Ed ward J., and two died in infancy. Mr. Drake is the leading merchant in the village, carries a stock from three to five; thousand dollars, and docs a business of about $10,000. He 868 HISTORY OF' ADAMS COUNTY. was Col. of the 55th N. C. Militia Reg., and held his commission under Gov. Dudley. Dudeu Harm, laborer; P. O. La Prairie. Duse W. laborer; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Eaton L. D. farmer: sec. 36; P. O. Elm Grove. EgganH. G. farmer: sec. 20; P. O. La Prairie. Ekkon M. laborer; P. O. La Prairie. Eilen John, laborer; P. O. Keokuk Jnnction. Elliot Roth, farmer; sec. 19; P.O. La Prairie. Enlow P. blacksmith ; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Flemming Geo. farmer; Bee. 9; P. 0. La Prairie. Flesbner H. farmer; sec. 33; P.O. Keokuk Junc tion. Flesbner Wm. farmer; sec. 34; P. 0. Keokuk Junc tion. Fleshner West, farmer; eec. 31; P. 0. Keokuk Junc tion. Fleshlier J. farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Keokuk Junc- tlm. FOSTER CHAS. R., farmer; Sec. 14; P.O. Augusta, Hancock county, 111.; was born in the city of New York, Dec. 8, 1810 ; came to this county in the fall of 1855 ; married Elizabeth Gordon. She was born in tlie city of Baltimore, Md., Nov. 1, 1815. They had eleven children, only two living : John, born May 24, 1837; Rodman W., Oct. 13, ls'58; one son died in infancy; Mary E., born Dec. 14, 1835 (died March 19, 1836); Charles E., bom May 30, 1840 (died Feb. 25, 1843); Augustus H., bom March 11, 1843 (died .May 0, 1868); Charles E., born July 18, 180 (died Dec. 23, 1846); son born Dec. 2 (died in infancy) : George B., born May 15, 1850 (died March 9, 1870); William A., born July 23, 1853 (died Oct. 19, 1854); David B., bom July 7, 1861 (died Aug. 6, 1804). He belongs to the Baptist church, has been a member nearly forty-two years. Frank' n G. G. tailor; P. O. Keokuk Junction. FRANZEN CO BUS, miller; Sec. 33; P O. Keokuk Junction; was born in Prussia, Germany, Feb. 25, 1835, and came to this county in Feb., 1852. He has thirty acres of land, valued at $5,000. He mar ried Berndje Meints. She was born in Ger many, Feb. 14, 1835. They had six living children : Harm, Ida, Alike, Margarette, Frederick and Catherine; emigrated from Germany on a sailing vessel, had a big storm in the North Sea, lost their topmast and one sail, and the captain thought they were going under; was twelve weeks in making the trip ; landed at New Orleans, thence up the Mississippi river to St. Louis, where he stopped a short time, and thence to Adams county. He belongs to the Lutheran church. He has a windmill on his farm (where he does grinding) built by his brother-in-law, H. R. Emminga. When he came here he was a poor man, and by industry and econ omy has make a good home. Franzen H. H. tinner, P. O. Keokuk Junction. Franzen H. H. farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Keokuk June. Franzen J. H, farmer; P. O. Keokuk Junction. FRAZER JAMES, school teacher; residence, LaPraire; was born in South Scotland, Sept. 27, 1822; came to this coun ty in 1850; married Emma Northey. She was bom in the south of England, Jan. 13, 1829 ; mother of two children: Alma (now Mrs. J. H. Robbins), and Ada. Member of the Presbyterian church. His wife is a member of the Christian church. He has held the office of Town Clerk and Clerk of the corporation. Emigrated from Scotland to Sussex, England, when he was 24 years old; lived there ten years; thence came to this country; landed in New York ; thence to Schuyler county, 111. ; thence to Adams county, where he has resided since. Fruhling H. shoemaker; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Fruhling M. shoemaker; P. O. La Prairie. G GALLIHER R. N., retired farmer; P. O. La Prairie ; was born in Flemming county, Ky.,Oct. 1, 1806; emigrated from Ken tucky to Champaign county, 111., in 1834; lived there about one year; came to this county in 1835, where he has resided since ; has at present only fourteen acres of land ; sold his farm of 204 acres in 1876, for $8,325. In 1831 he married Margaret Laird, who was born in Lewis county. Ky. ; never had any children of their own, but have raised several. When he came to this county, Quincy was nothing but a village of shanties ; has lived to see it develop into a city of 40,000 inhabitants ; has known wheat to be ¦ sold for twenty-five cents per bushel in Quiucy ; was the first man that built out on the prairie, and people thought him crazy at that time; people thought the prairies would be nothing more than ranges for cat tle. When lie came to this State, he had . NORTHEAST DIRECTORY. but $3.00 in his pocket, but with a good constitution, and williugto work at anything he could get, soon made a start, and has accumulated a good property. Garlds G. farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Garls John, farmer; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Gembler J. farmer; sec. 2S; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Gerdes J. farmer; sec. 34; P. 0. Keokuk Junction. Gibbs O. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. La Prairie. GORDON GEORGE, farmer; Sec. 2; P. O. Augusta, Hancock county, 111. He was bom in York county, Pa., Sept. 16, 1804; has 150 acres of land valued at $6,000. He married Louisa Molau Rutan, who was born in 1817, and died April 29, 1862, leav ing eight children: Elizabeth S., Thos. J., Sarah A., Mary J., and Eliza S., who are living. He emigrated from Pennsylvania to Maryland when he was six years old; lived there sixteen years ; thence via. Philadelphia to New York, where he lived five years; thence to New Orleans, where he resided ten years, and from there to this county iu 1839. He built a shanty the same year; put up posts in the ground; sided it up and filled in with brick; was a brick-layer by trade ; served as apprentice eleven years. Mr. Gordon took up the raw prairie; broke it himself, and has made a flue farm and home. Gorham Wm. farmer; sec. 4; P. O. La Prairie. GOULD BENJAMIN, farmer; Sec. 2; P. O. Augusta, Hancock county, 111. He was born in Windham county, Conn., June 2, 1808; came to this county Jan. 24, 1833 ; has 153 acres of land, valued at $6,000. He married for his first wife Rebecca J. Jones, who was born in Pittsburg, Pa., May 6, 1812, and died May 3, 1874; ten children: Qlive O, Eliza A., John IL, Mary E., Eliza beth C, Benjamin (died when lie was fifteen mouths old), Benjamin L., Jane, Hattie E., and one died iu infancy. Emigrated from Connecticut to Jacksonville; lived there a short time and then came to this county; used to go to Camp Point to elections. Mr. Gould built the first house in Augusta, Han over county; also built the first frame build ing in this township. He also lives on the farm where the first land was broke in the township, by a man by the name of Oliver. His son, John, was in the Union army— 72d Regt, 111. Inf. ; taken prisoner at Franklin, Tenn., and was taken to Andersonville prison, where he was starved for two and one-half months. Mr. Gould came here among the earliest settlers, and can claim his right as a pioneer; has held the ofiice of Supervisor four terms, Justice of the Peace seventeen years, Assessor, Collector, School Treasurer, and is a member of the Christian church. GRAHA1I J. J., Postmaster, La Prairie; was born in Monroe county, Ya., April 13, 1815; came to this county in 1837; remained a few months and then moved to Schuyler county; lived there until 1846, and has been a fixture in this county since ; has held the office of Justice of the Peace since 184S byre-elections; has held the office of Postmaster since 1S53 ; was elected Supervi sor in 1852, and held it until 1874, most of the time. He married May H. Waring. She was born in Kentucky ; died in 1847. For his second wife he married Rosanna Rob bins (who was a Mrs. llorney). She was born in North Carolina, Jan. 28, 1831. By his first wife he had three children : David, Basil A., and John. By his second wife he had three children : Sidney M., and two died in infancy. When he first came to this county there were but few signs of civiliza tion—a few houses scattered along by the timber. Mr. Gould came among the earliest settlers, and knows what a pioneer's life is; had three sons in tlie Union army. GORDON EDWIN, farmer ; Sec. 2 ; P. O. Augusta, Hancock county, 111.; was born in Baltimore, Md., Oct. 21, 1811 ; came to this county in 1840 ; has 260 acres of laud, valued at $13,000 ; married Martha A. Rey nolds, Nov. 21, 1833. She was born in the city of New York, Sept. 13, 1813. Eight children living: Mahala J., born Aug. 30, 1834; George, July 8, 1836 (died March 3, 1839) ; Sarah E., born March 15, 1839 ; Fran cis W., Feb. 8, 1841 ; Cornelia, Dec. 25, 1843 ; William R., Nov. 25, 1845; Charles B., Dec. 81, 1848; Anuie M., Oct. 8, 1851 ; Edwin H., May 8, 1856. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon belong to the M. E. church. Emigrated from Mary land to New York in 1827; lived there eleven ye'ars; thence to Ft. Wayne, Ind.; lived there a short time, then went to Cincinnati, Ohio, for nine months; thence by river to New Orleans, La. ; thence to Adams county. When he came to the place where he now lives he had only a hundred dollars in his pocket. In 1842 he put up a double log 870 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. cabin, and lived in it until 1857, when he built the residence where he now resides; came here a poor man, and by industry has made himself a good home, and can be claimed one of its pioneers. Grovenwald H. E. laborer; P. 0. La Prairie. GrovenwaldT. JI. carpenter; P. O. Keokuk June. H HENNICK C, railroad agent, Keo kuk Junction ; was born in Center county, Pa., Sept. 3, 1843 ; emigrated with his pa rents, in 1853 ; to Stephenson county, 111., where he resided until 1861, when he en listed in the 46th Regt. 111. Inf., Co. B, Capt., R. V. Anking, of .Freeport, and served four years, four months and twenty clays; was in the battles of Ft. Donaldson, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Hate-hie, Vicksburg, and several skirmishes ; was mustered out at Springfield, 111., Feb. 2, 1866; is at present Captain of the Keokuk Junction Guards, Co. E, State Militia, commanded by Col. Hanna. After the close of the war he returned to Center county, Pa., and attended school two years ; then, in 1869, came to Adams county ; mar ried Annie Rhea, Jan. 1, 1874. She was born in Columbus, Adams county, April 13, 1854. One child, Arthur A., born Jan. 13, 1875 ; died Aug. 10, 1877. Herron H. laborer; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Herron John, farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Keokuk June. HERRON S. T,, farmer and stock shipper; Sec. 19; P. O. La Prairie (son of William and Margaret Herron) ; was born in Washington county, Ind., July 30, 1825, and came to this county, March, 1856; has 208 acres of land, valued at $10,400; married Henrietta Beckett, March* 6, 1856; born in Clark county, Ind., Dec. 10, 1829. Seven living children: Laura A., born May 18, 1857 (died Aug. 6, 1864); John W., born April 30, 1859; Cornelius H., Feb. 18, 1861; Sarah M., April 11, 1863; Martha T. and James C, bom Nov. 26, 1864; Charles E., June 13, 1868 ; Mary E., Feb. 14, 1872. Wil liam Herron emigrated from Nelson county, Ky., to Beardstown; thence to Washington county, Ind., where he raised a family of ten children;. thence to Clark county, Ind., where he died at the age of 76. Mrs. Her ron died at the age of 66. S. T. Herron's grandfather was a native of Ireland; was one of the first settlers in Kentucky; was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and served eight years. His grandmother was a de scendant of the Scotch ; when she was eighty years old she could walk three miles. His father came to Indiana a poor man, accumu lated a good property; was Captain of the militia, and held the office of Justice of the Peace for years. The subject of this sketch is one of the leading shippers of stock in the county. In 1876 he shipped Smith & Farlow, of Quincy, $50,000 worth of hogs ; came to the county in limited circum- ¦ stances, but by industry and economy has made himself and family a pleasant home, and is one of the live men of the township. Hogsett Wm. farmer; sec. 16; P. O. La Prairie. Horney Jonathan, farmer; Bee. 36; P. O. Elm Grove. HOYT CAPT. E. R., retired far mer ; Sec. 2 ; P. O. Augusta, Hancock county, 111. ; was bom in Richfield, Fairfield county, Conn., Oct. S, 1805 ; emigrated from Con necticut to Orange county, N. Y., in 1828 ; married Mary Jane Reyuolds, born in Mon roe county, N. Y., Oct. 19, 1809 ; mother of ten children, five living: William R.,.born Jan. 8,1830; Polly E., Oct. 10, 1831; J. S., Nov. 11, 1833; Edwin G., Nov. 27, 1835; Sarah J., Sept. 16, 1837 (died July 12, 1867); Benjamin F.,born Nov. 9, 18§9 (was wounded at the siege of Vicksburg, and died at Mem phis, in the hospital) ; Charles B., born March 10,1842 (died July 15, 1843); Ebenezer B., bom Sept. 20, 1843 ; Maria, Jan. 8, 1846 (died Aug. 4, 1873) ; Ann Eliza, April 1, 1848 (died Nov. 2, 1849). Mr. Hoyt lived, in Orange county ten years, two years in New York ; thence to Columbus county, Ohio, where he lived two years; then came to Adams county, where he has resided since ; held the office of Assessor and Commissioner of Highways ; is an auctioneer; has sold goods over all this part of the State ; came here in an early day, and is one of Illinois' " old land marks." J. S. Hoyt, where the captain now lives, owns a fine farm on Sec. 2 ; born in Orange county, N. Y. ; emigrated to this county with his parents in 1840; has 212 acres of land, valued at $10,000 ; has one of the finest resi dences in this part of the township; married Polly M. Benedict. She was born in Cay uga county, N. Y., Jan. 31, 1835. One child, Ada, bom May 8, 1859 (died Aug. 14, 1859). Came here when he was a boy, and has grown up with the country, and is one of its sound farmers. NORTHEAST DIRECTORY. 871 Hoyt J. S. farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Augusta: HOYT WILLIAM R., farmer and stock shipper, Sec. 1 ; P. O. Augusta, Hancock county, 111.; born in Orange county, N. Y, Jan. 8, 1830 ; came to this county July 5, 1843 ; has 345 acres of land, valued at $13,600 ; married Abbie P. Newcomb. She was born in Chittenden county, Vt., June 6, 1826. Has held the office of Town Clerk for twenty-five years; belongs to the Metho dist church. He emigrated to this county with his father; moved into a hewed log shanty, their furniture being of the most common kind; has hauled wheat to Quincy for forty cents ; corn was not worth the bother of hauling ; pork, $1.25 nett; could buy a good cow with calf by its side for $7.50. Mr. Hoyt, the present season, is building himself a beautiful residence; came here in an early day, and by economy and industry has made himself a fine prop erty ; sold three car loads of cattle and two of hogs this season. Hubberte H. saloon; P. O. Keokuk Junction. HuffF. M. teacher; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Hughes William, farmer; sec. 19; P. O. LaPrairie, Hinkston Samuel, farmer; sec. 6; P. O. LaPrairie. HULEN T. T., farmer and stock raiser; Sec. 23; P. 0. Elm Grove; was born in Randolph county, N. O, Oct. 30,1837; came to this county in 1845 ; has 270 acres of land, valued at $10,000 ; married Mary Burke. She vw born in Schuyler county, 111., Dec. 16, 1835. Two children: Cora May, born June 10, 1860; George B., Dec. 21, 1867. Mr. and Mrs. Hulen belong to the M. E. church. He holds the office of Post master; has held the office of Highway Commissioner and School Director. His father, George P. Hulen, emigrated from North Carolina when he was seven years old ; came by wagon ; crossed the Alleghanys at Cumberland Gap ; was six weeks on the road, and located on the place where he now resides; lived in a lig cabin covered with clapboards, held on by weight poles ; chim ney made out of sods. Mr. H- came here at an early day, and has grown up with the country, and by good management has made himself and family a pleasant home, and is one of the sound farmers of the township. IHNEN ONKF,_ merchant and real estate dealer ; Keokuk junction ; was born in Germany, Dec. 23, 1838; came to this country in- 1857, and to this county the same year. Has 312 acres of land, val ued at $10,900; married 'Jane Fleshner. She was born in Germany, Feb. 17, 1836. Six children : Onke, Tretfi, William, Mar garet, Jane, and John. Mrs. Ihnen was pre viously married to John Burke, and had three children : Sarah, Henry, and Annie. He emigrated with his parents from Germany, crossed in a sailing vessel, was on the water nine weeks and three days, had a rough voyage ; carries a stock of $5,000, and does a business of $15,000. When he came to this county had but a hundred dollars in his pocket, and has, through industry and economy, made a fine property. Johnson B. sailor; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Joslin John, harness maker; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Junker John, laborer; P. O. LaPrairie. Jurgans J. shoemaker; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Jnrgans J. G. saloon; P. O. Keokuk Junction. K KETCHUM WM. R., farmer and stock raiser, Sec. 2 ; P. O. Augusta, Han cock county; was born in Orange county, N. Y., May 2, 1820; came to this county April 9, 1847; has 354 acres of land, vjued at $15,000; married Eliza Colley. She was born in England, Jan. 14, 1814. Two living children: Wm. H., born Dec. 19, 1847; Hor ace F., July 23, 1849 ; Bertha, born March 20, 1851, (and was burned to death March 20, 1856). Was the first Assessor ol the township; memberof the Methodist church; emigrated in 1838, from Orange county, N.Y., to Pulaski, Hancock county, 111 , in 1838, thence to this county ; turns off fifty head of hogs, and raises seventy-five acres of < orn ; also sells two car loads steers yearly. Mr. K. was one of twelve who was sent to Nau voo to serve a summons on Joseph Smith, to bring him to Carthage, by orders from Gov. F)rd; returned, reported not found. But the next day Smith gave himself up to Christopher Yates, and was brought to Carthage, and two days after was murdered in his cell by disguised men. Mr. K. has a fine residence and good farm, and is one of the sound farmers. Kleinlein P. Lutheran minister, P. O. Keokuk June tion. 872 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Lannus L. farmer Lannus O. farmer sec. 21 sec. 21 P. O. La Prairie. P. O. LaPrairie. LYLE JOHN, farmer, stock and lumber dealer; Sec. 32; P. O.Keokuk Junc tion. He was born in Ireland in March, 1839; emigrated to Pennsylvania in 1847; lived there two years, and came to Adams county in 1849. He married Eliza J. Simp- sou in 1861. Six children, four living: John C, Willie, Mary H., and Dora Maud ; two died in infancy. He owns 880 acres of land, valued at $16,800. He held the offices of Supervisor and Justice of the Peace for eleven years. Is at present engaged in the lumber and stock shipping business in com pany with Oltman & Shone ; are the leading shippers in the township. He started out when ho was twenty-one years old with $700, and has accumulated a fine property, and is one of the sound business men of the county. He enlisted in Co. I, of the 119th Regt. 111. Inf., Captain May — guarding bridges- in Tennessee ; contracted, by exposure, sinovitis in the knee joint; was laid up two weeks in the hospital, when he was captured by Gen. Forest, and was paroled and sent to Benton Barracks, St. Louis ; was discharged by be ing unfit for the service, in 1862. Limmis J. W. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. La Prairie. M McClelland Wm. farmer; sec. 20; P. O. La Prairie. Manlove J. B, farmer; sec. 36; P. O. Elm Grove. Martin L. A. physician ; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Mever J. saloon; P, O. Keokuk Junction. Miller H. G. agricultural implements; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Mock W. R. laborer; P. O. La Prairie. Munts C. carpenter; P. O. Keokuk Junction. N NOAKES T. V., Physician and Sur geon; P.O. La Prairie; was born in Breck- enridge county, Ky., Nov. 22, 1849 ; came to this county in May, 1875 ; emigrated with his parents from Kentucky to Clark county, Ind., where he lived twenty years; thence to Adams county; commenced the study of medicine in Honryville, Ind., under Dr. W. E. Wisner, where he remained for two years. Then to Cincinnati School of' Medicines and Surgery one year; thence oack to Indiana one year, with Dr. Mason; thence to Louis ville University, where he graduated in 1873 ; practiced one year at Otisco, Clark county, Ind. ; then came to Adams county, where he has followed his profession since. OWE\ D. C, merchant and Phys ician ; P. O . La Prairie ; has practiced twenty-three years in Houston and North east townships in this county; was three years in the United States hospital service at Quincy. Parker L. tinner; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Pearce Edwin R. farmer; sec. 6; P. O. LaPrairie. PETTIJOHN R. G., farmer; Sec. 22; P. O. La Prairie (son of Jacob ,and Penelope Pettijohn); was born in Pike county, 111., Sept. 3, 1839 ; came to this county in 1852. He has 120 acres of land, valued at $5,000; married Eliza Waring. She was born in this county Nov. 23, 1848, and died June 23, 1877. He has had three children: Laura Bell, born Aug. 1, 1869 ; James Ed ward, born March 3, 1873 ; Martha A., born Aug. 27, 1876 (died Feb. 8, 1877). Turns off thirty head of hogs, and raises forty-five, acres of corn. His father, Jacob Pettijohn, was born in North Carolina, in 1834 ; em igrated to Dayton, Ohio, where he lived until 1839, when he came to Pike county, 111.; lived there a short time, and then came to Brown county, where he remained until 1852, when he came to this county, where he died in 1869. His mother died March 5, 1877. He enlisted in the 119th Regt. 111. Inf. Co. K. ; was in the Red river expedition with Gen. Banks, and at the battles of Nash ville and Mobile; was taken prisoner by Gen. Forest, held for a short time, and then paroled, and sent to St. Louis; afterward was sent to his regiment in Tennessee ; was discharged at Mobile, Ala. Patton Milton, physician ; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Peters Chas. farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Elm Grove. Poppe John, merchant; P. O. Keokuk Junction. PRATHER JOHN, retired farmer; P. O. LaPrairie ; was born in Clark county, Ind., Dec. 4, 1828 ; came to this county in 1852; has forty acres of land, valued at $1,600; married Maria Reynolds; born in Elk county, Va , Oct. 6, 1824. They have had eight children, three living: William NORTHEAST DIRECTORY. 873 Thomas, born July 27, 1851 (died Sept. 21, 1875); James, Jan. 18, 1854; Sarah, Dec. 24, 1856; John, July 29, 1858, Joseph S., July 26, 1860 (died Nov. 4,1802); Marinda, Aug. 28, 1865 (died March 9, 1866) ; two died in infancy. He emigrated direct from Indiana to this county; farmed for sixteen years; bought and shipped stock for three years, then engaged in {he mercantile business until 1877. Mr. and Mrs. P. belong to the M. E. church. Enlisted in the 73d Regt. Ills. Inf., Co. H, as Orderly Sergeant; was in the battle of Perryville, Crab Orchard, Edg- field (against Morgan), Nashville, Murfrees boro, where he had a four days' fight against Bragg, Chickamauga, Loudan, Slraw-- berry Plains, East Tennessee ; then to Chick amauga and Lookout Mountain, the battle above the clouds, Buzzard's Roost, Marrietta, Ga., and Rome. Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, was held to look after Hood, while Sherman marched to the sea. The last buttle partici pated iu was at Nashville, under Gen. Thomas. Was mustered out at Springfield, 111. R Rankin S. harness maker; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Rein-ors Mrs. T. milliner; Keokuk Junction. BUB BINS ALEX. S., farmer; Sec. 16; P. O. La Prairie; was born in Guil ford county, N. O, July 12, 1.835 ; came to this county in 1836. He has 115 acres of land, valued at $4,600; married Betheny Julian. She was born in Randolph county, N. G, March 6, 1840. She was the mother of three children : Julius, born Oct. 29, 1858; Nathan Alex, born Nov. 9, 1863; James, born Doc. 9, 1875. Emigrated from North Carolina with his parents to this county when he was one year old, where he has lived for forty years. When he cam e to the county there was not a house on the prairie, and only a few in the township. Wild game was plenty, such as wild turkeys, wolves, deer, prairie chickens, etc. Mr. R. remem bers living in a shanty with a chimney made out of sods and sticks; furniture, the most common kind. Enlisted in the ll!Hh Regt. 111. Inf., Co. K, under Capt. Johnson, Col. T. J. Kinney. The first en gagement he was in was on the Red river expedition, at Sabine Cross Roads, skirm ishes at Yellow Bayou, and Nashville; was at the charge at Mobile; was taken prisoner at Mobile Railroad ; paroled, and sent to St. Louis. RORRINS C. P., farmer; Sec. 15; P. O. La Prairie; born in this county, Jan. 7, 1853. He has 160 acres of land, valued at $5,000 ; married Delia Ross. She was born in Schuyler county, 111., May 19, 1857. She was the mother of two children: Hayes, bom July 16, 1870 ; Clyde, bom Aug. 25. 1878. His father was one of the earliest settlers in the county. ROBBINS H. C. farmer; Sec. 23; P. O. LaPrairie; was born in Adams county, May 30, 1853; has 162 acres of land, valued at $6,480; married Miss Adell De Groot. She -was born in New York City, March 16, 1856. They have three children: Elsie L., born Nov. 16, 1875 ; Cora A., Jan. 7, 1876; Alia Blanch, Nov. 19,1878. His father, Clement Robbius, emigrated from Norj.li Carolina in the year 1833. He mar ried Miss Leah Burke. She was born in Russell county, Va. They have had eleven children, eight living. Mr. Robbins came to this county in an early day, when the country was wild; raised a large family, and is one of the pioneers. Mr. Robbins, the subject of this sketch, outside of his farm ing, ships oattle and hogs. He has a fine farm, and Jias a good start for a young man. Robbins Jason, larmer; sec. 24; P. O. Elm Grove. ROBBINS NATHAN, farmer and stock raiser and boss hunter; Sec. 21; P. O. La Prairie. He was bom in Guilford county, N. O, Oct. 25, 1824; came to this county in the fall of 1836. There came a snow storm on the 18th of December, about twenty-two inches deep. He now has 275 acres of land, valued at $7,000 ; has had as high as 1,000 acres, which he has divided among his t sons; married Elizabeth J. Dorset, Oci. 24, 1848. Seven children : Jen'ery H., James H, Commodore P., Nathan L., Ulysses W., -Mary E., and Iva May. When they came here they went into a log shanty, 16 x 10, with a sod chimney and puncheon floor. Their bedsteads was made out of split poles; used the boxes they brought their goods in for tables. The earliest settlers were Jackson Wilson, Herman Ellison, Chas. Umble, El liott Combs, Benj. Gould, Jonathan Brown- 874 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. ing, Basil Warren, Zach. Dean, Samuel Walker, Jabez Walker, Moses Piggott, Flem ing Burke, Wm. Burke, James Robbins, and J. Avy. Mr. Robbins came here among the earliest settlers, and has helped to make the town ; is one of its substantial farmers, and one of the best hunters in the county ; has killed more wolves and deer than any other man; knows what a circle-hunt is, and has participated in a great many. RORBINS WILLIAM, farmer; Sec. 15; P. O. LaPrairie; was born in Guilford county, N. C, Aug. 19, 1818 ; came to this county in 1836. He owns 157 acres of land, valued at $7,000; married Miss Mary Dorset. She was born in Randolph county, N. O, March 11, 1822. They have five children: Ahi, born Sept. 4, 1843; John, March 4, 1845 ; Jerod, March 14, 1847 ; Jason, March 14, 1847, and William Mc- Kendie, Feb. 14, 1849. He emigrated, with his parents, in 1836, to this county, when he was eighteen years old. They moved into a log-cabin, where they resided nearly a year. They were in limited circumstances, and used boxes for tables, and " Jackson bed steads." The first night they stayed in the county, they put up at a log-cabin, 12x14, where there were sixteen persons. John en listed in the 50th Regt. 111. Inf., Capt. Smith. He was in several skirmishes ; died in Georgia, Nov. 21, 1864, and was buried at Monticello, Ga., with his blanket for his shroud. Ahi was a member of the 50th Regt. 111. Inf. ; was in the march to the sea, and grand review at Washington. Mr. Robbins was among the earliest settlers, and can be called one of the county's pioneers. Mr. and Mrs. R. belong to the M. E. church. Roes G. E. druggist, P. O. Keokuk Junction. RoBSon S. blacksmith, P. O. Keokuk Junction. Sapp Isaac, laborer; P. O. LaPrairie. Sartoris H. grain buyer; P. O. Keokuk Junc.ion. Sattorff B. laborer; P. O. La Prairie . Sattorft M. retired farmer; P. O. Keokuk June. Schanke A. sboamaker; P. O. La Prairie. Schwartz John, farmer; sec. 30; p\ O. Keokuk Junction. Selby H. E. merchant; P. O. Keokuk Junction, Selby S. merchant, P. O. Keokuk Junction. Selby W. T. railroader; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Simpson L. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. LaPrairie. Stead H. U. farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Elm Grove. STEVENS JAMES M., farmer and stock raiser ; Sec. 8 ; P. O. La Prairie ; was born in Madison county, Ky., Jan. 8, 1820 ; .came to this county in 1831. He owns 248 acres of land, valued at $10,000; also, 190 acres in Hancock county, valued at $7,200; married Miss Eliza Crain. She was born in Kentucky, in December, 1818. They have ten children, four living: Mary E., Emily J., Eliza Ann, and Benj. Dudley. He held the office of School Director and Road Commissioner. He emigrated, June 8, 1829, to Sangamon county, 111.; lived there two years; thence to this county, and landed in an old cabin, near where Benj. Gould now lives; stopped there a short time, then came down where Mr. Combs first settled, and put up a shanty. There was no sawed lumber at that time, and he had to use puncheons for floors, clapboards for doors, and sod chimneys. He hauled grain to Quincy, and got twenty-five cents per bushel for wheat. Mr. Stevens was among the earliest settlers, and is the oldest settler living in the township. Stone James, druggist; P. O. Keokuk Junction. STORMER JOHN W., farmer; P. O. La Prairie; was bom in Mor gan county, 111., Nov. 23, 1829; came to this county in 1837. He owns 160 acres of land, valued at $5,000 ; married Miss Margaret A. Wilson. She was born Sept. 16, 1834, in this township. They have had three chil dren: Alice J., born April 2, 1853, (died April 28, 1873) ; James O, born Nov. 19, 1855 (died Dec. 27, 1858) ; Lewis, bom Jan. 6, 1858. At the age of eight years, Mr. S. came to this county, where he has resided ' since. He has farmed for twenty-two years, and then engaged in the mercantile busi ness for five years. After one year, he bought a farm. He held the office of As sessor for three years; also, Road Commis sioner. Politically, he is a Republican. ' When his mother first came to the State, in 1828, there were plenty of Indians, and no houses on the prairie. Wild game was plenty, such as deer and wolves, etc. He has participated in circle-hunts; came here in an early day, and has grown up with the country, and knows what a pioneer's life is. STRAIIAN PETER, farmer; Sec. 14; P. O. Elm Grove; was born in NORTH EAST TOWNSHIP NORTHEAST DIRECTORY. S75 Clayton township, Feb. 27, 1837. He owns eighty acres of land, valued at $2,500; mar ried Miss Ellen Lauderback. She was born in this county and township, May 23, 1S44. They have three children: Cora, Andrew Jackson, and Margaret. They are members of the United Brethren church. Strickler W. H. hotel; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Sutton W. T. laborer; P. O. La Prairie. Talbott B. F. farmer; P. O. La Prairie. Tarr A. farmer; sec. 3: P. O. Augusta. TENHAEFF C. J., farmer; Sec. 20 ; P. O. La Prairie ; was born in Reese, on the Rhine, Germany, April 9, 1836 ; came to this country in 1855, and to this county in Nov. 17. 1857. His first wife was Louisa Burke. She was born March 17, 1841, and died Feb. 3, 1869. For his second wife he married Ellen E. Bacon. She was born June 23. 1850, and died Dec. 3, 1872. By his first wife he had two children: Frederick L., born Oct. 20, 1863, and Charles F., bom Oct. 27, 1865. He owns 630 acres of land, valued at $25,000. Has held the office of Supervisor. Mr. Tenhaeff takes a lively in terest in the town, and is one of its soimd farmers. TENHAEFF WILLIAM, farmer and dairyman: Sec. 17;. P. O. La Prairie ; was born in Reese, Germany, Feb. 8,1826; came to the United States May 1, 1854, and to this county in 1856. He owns 350 acres of land, valued at $20,000. He married Ehi Kaufman in 1857. She was horn Oct. 8, 1832. She is the mother of five children : Annie, born Sept. 29, 1858 ; Mary, horn April 27, 1860 ; Alexander, born May 25, 1862 ; Leopold, bom Aug. 12. 1869, and Clara, Dec. 28, 1872. He crossed the ocean in a sailing vessel, and was six weeks mak ing the voyage ; came to St. Louis, and lived there two years; thence to Adams county, where he has resided since. He built a fine residence in 1867, costing $12,000. Follows the dairy business ; keeps twenty cows, and ships his milk to Quincy. He is one of the many substantial citizens of Northeast town ship. TIPTON S. H., blacksmith; P.O. Keokuk Junction ; was born in Shenandoah county, Va., Jan. 3, 1830 ; came to this county n the fall of 1837 ; married Amanda Young. She was bom in Schuyler county, 111., March 15, 1837. They have had six children, five living : Charles, Frank, Annie, Nellie, Eva, and Fannie. Eva died July 31, 1875. His father, John Tipton, emigrated from Vir ginia, when he was eight years old, to Han cock county, and moved into a log cabin, 16x16, with six in family; came through with two teams, and was thirty-one days in making the trip; crossed the Alleghany Mountains ; through Ohio and Indiana ; camped out and did their own cooking; located on the wild prairie ; broke land and raised crops, and hauled wheat to Quincy and sold it for twen tv-five cents ; also sold pork as low as $1.25 per 100 lbs. net. There was plenty of game, such as deer, wolves and turkeys. His father was at Carthage the day before Joseph Smith, the Mormon, was killed. Mr. Tipton came here when everything was in its wild state, and has seen the development of the country, and can well be called one of its early pioneers. Thomas E. P. farmer; P. O. LaPrairie. Thorn; son John, farmer; P. O. La Prairie. Vertrus W. J. laborer; P. O. La Prairie. w WALKER C. W., farmer; Sec, 35; P. O. Keokuk Junction; was born in Randolph county, N. O. July 3, 1827, and came to this county in 1836. Has 432 acres of land, valued at 812.900. He married Mary Alexander. She was born in Russell county, Va., June, 1833. and died Oct. 28. 1877. Their children are: Minerva A., Polly A., Sarah A., F. E., Rachel J., William D., Rob ert M., and Jesse W. Two died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Walker belonged to the Meth odist church. He emigrated when he was twelve years old, with his parents, to this county, where he has resided since ; came with a four-horse team ; was on the road six weeks; crossed through Cumberland Gap. The first winter he lived in a school-house; used a box for a table ; split out puncheons for stools ; rented a farm the first year, a short distance from where he now lives ; af terward rented of Fleming [Burke for three years. He knows what a circle-hunt is ; lias participated in a great many, and has helped to kill as high as six deer in a day ; came 876 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. here a poor boy, but by hard work and good judgment has made a good home. WALKER JESSE, farmer; Sec. 14; P. O. Elm Grove; born in Randolph county, N. C, Jan. 15, 1821 ; has 320 acres of land, valued at $10,000 ; married Mary Dorset. She was born in Chatham county, N. C, 1832; died August, 1853. They had two children, Sarah E. and Samuel R. (who was killed by a mower, when he was fif teen years old). For his second wife he married Lena Pettijohn in 1864. She was born in Ohio. Two children, Susan and Mary E. For his third wife, married Mary E. McCollum; born in Indiana, and died April 1, 1877. Emigrated to this county di rect in 1839. His father lived in a shanty, 14x14, made of poles about as high as a man's head, puncheon floor, used dry goods boxes for tables, and had a sod chimney. There was plenty of game, could go out and kill a deer any time. Had to go twelve miles to mill. Has met with many trials, but by hard work and economy has made a good property and home. Walker Kate, P. o. La Prairie. Ward Edward, farmer; sec. 17; P. O. La Prairie. WARING JAMES, farmer, Sec. 15; P. O. La Prairie ; was born in Lewis county, Ky., Aug. 30, 1825 ; came to this county, in the spring of 1835; has 167 acres of land, valued at $7,000; married Martha Robbins. She was born in Guilford county, N. G, 1829. They have had six children, Eliza, Nettie, Johnny, Mary, Andrew 8. and James H. ; only one is living. Mr. and Mrs. Waring belong to the M. E. church. His father emigrated from Maryland to Kentucky when he was five years old, and lived there thirty-three years, where he raised a family of six chiidren; then in 1835 came to this county, where he lived until he died, at the age of seventy-five years, He was in the War of 1812. When he came here, moved into a shanty, 12x14 feet, on the land where Alanson Tarr now lives; used a store box for a table, for a number of years. Mr. Waring is one of the pioneers of this county. Wessels Fred, laborer; P. O. Keokuk Junction. Wilson J. H. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. La Prairie. Witford Thomas, farmer; sec. 31 P. O. Keokuk Junction. Zimmerman J. R. farmer; sec. 29; P. O. La Prairie. LIBEETY TOWNSHIP. Allen E. M. farmer; P. O. Liberty. Arnold Gottlelb, farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Liberty. Arnold W. T. farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Liberty. Baxter Samnel, farmer; sec. 4; P. O. Liberty. HELTON WM.,' farmer ; Sec. 6 ; P. O. Liberty. He was born in Ireland, Sept. 15, 1815. In 1834 he carne to Pennsylvania ; in 1836 he came to New Orleans ; in 1837 came to St. Louis, and in the fall returned to New Orleans. In 1838 he came to Ohio ; thence to Indiana, and was employed on public works as contractor and superintendent for sixteen years, in Indiana and Ohio. In 1865 he came to Adams county. He owns 175 acres of land ; married Eliza Moore, May 10, 1841. She was born, Sept. 21, 1821, in Mor gan county, Ohio. Had twelve children, six living: Rachael A., Catherine, Lucy J., Thos. C. Susan A., and Eugenia. Bernard F. M. farmer; sec 12; P. O. Liberty. Bernard Wm'. farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Liberty. Blank Jonathan, farmer; sec. 14; P. O. Liberty. Blank W. farmer; sec. .14; P. O. Liberty. Benfield George, farmer; sec. 28; P. O. Liberty. Blentlinger Geo. farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Liberty. Blentlinger W. H. farmeV; sec. 9; P. O. Liberty. Bramen Peter, farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Liberty. Booth George, farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Liberty. Boren B. farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Liberty. Bowers Chas. farmer; sec. 1; P. O. Liberty. Bowman Fred, merchant; sec. 1; P. O. Liberty. Boyer Jonas, farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Liberty. Buskirk W. B. farmer; sec. 1 ; P. O. Liberty. RUTTZ HON. A. H. D., capitalist; P. O, Liberty. The subject of this biography saw the light of day Aug. 10, 1809, in North- UIIKItTY DliJICOTORY. 877 ampfon county, Pennsylvania. His father, Hon. Michael It. Iti 1 1,1,/,, was a native of Huh- HOX coiinly, New Jersey. I In removed to Moi'flmiiipfoii county, where he curried on milling and merchandise piirHiiils. lie rc|i. resented Noi'tluunpfon counly in thn Legis lature as the Democratic rcprcHcnlalive for live terms, lie was vciy niicciiskI'uI in all his business | iiii-sii i tH. Jacob Hull/,, tin: griuidliillicr of Abraham, served during the War of the Revolution, anil was wiih Wash ington's army when limy ctoshciI the Dela ware river on that cold Christinas night, When they dcl'caLcil and captured the Hes sians. Mr. A, II. I). Hull/, received his early l-.iilning in the schools of Nazareth, Pennsyl vania, under the Instruction of thn Moravian College. In IH3I he caiue to Adams county, Illinois, and built a saw mill on McKee's Creek, Ibis being iho llrst, mill in Hint lown- ship. This properly he nl'lerwnrd sold, and removed to Liberty, where he engaged in inerchamliHiiig from 'lillnnlil 'ill. Uy aslricf attention |<> business lie m-cjuirci I a handsome Ibi'ttine. He then sold oul his husineMs lo his sons, M. Ii. and A. II. 1). Jr. Mr. Hull/, was married Sept, 13, 1835, lo Miss Mary 10. .daugh ter of I). l\ Meachnm, who caiue to Adams counly In IH29. She was born July 3, IHI9, In Ohio. They have hud eleven children, six are now living: M. It., Iheir oldest son, died In Kansas in 1875, aged 30 years, lie was a graduate of the Northwestern C 1 1 1 r i s- fian University, Indiana, lie was a lawyer by profession, Iniviuu 'practiced al, (Juincy a numher of years. The surviving children arc: Mary, A, II. I). Jr., Jno. W, Samuel 1)., Jessie S., and Mira. lias been Postmaster Ihirfeen years. He owns over 2,000 acres of improved land in Adams counly, also lands In Kansas, and property in tjuiney. Hcpub- llean. Mi's. H. is a nioinhei' of the Christian cluuvh.Butta A. 11. I). Jr. miller; P. 0. Liberty. Butta J. W. farmer; 1'. O. Liberty. I'nmpluill Arohlo, conitablo; I". o. Liberty. Oampboll John, (armor; too. aa; P. o. I.lborly. Carl Angust, farmer; sec I-1; l". <'. Liberty. Oartot Marlon, farmer; see '»; 1'. O. Liberty. CarrlgRii Jumes; farmer; leo. 12; l\ O. Liberty. Carson T, H. fiu'iiior; see. 81; 1'. O. Liberty. Ol&rkMra. Bllea, eno. S-l; P. O. Liberty. Olarlt Mary, sec, !M; 1'. t>. Liberty. Clark Patrick, Sr. former j sac Ml; P. O. Liberty. tllork Robert, soc. 2H; p. o. Falrwonther. • Murk It. J. farmer; sec. 2K; |\ o. Liberty. clary Kcliimml, furiiicr; sec. 10; I'. 0. Liberty. (OATS WM. A., Jarmer; Sec. :i; P.O. Liberty; born Feb. :i(l, 1HI7, in Haiti- more county, Md.; in IH!I8 went to New York City, thence to New Orleans; in 1811 lo Mason county Ky. ; in 1857 came to Adams county; married Mrs. Lllcn (lanlncr, daugh ter nl' Win. Iluglc, who came to Adams counly about I Hit. He has Ihi'cc children by a former marriage; Lvelino K.(now Mrs. Williams), Marion W. (now Mrs. (lamer), and Linnm A. (now Mrs. (laics); has one soa „,y present marriage, Win. A. Mrs. ( 'on Is has two children by a. former marriage: So phia (uow Mrs. Hallow), Luelln, (now Mrs, Smith). Harrison and Itobci't served in the late war. Itobcrl, died April 22, ISO:!, in Louisville, Ky. Mr. Coals owns ISO acres ol' land. They aro members of the Lutheran church,Collins c II. farmor; sac. 17; 1'. O. Liberty. Cook UenJ. farmer; sec. W; P. o. Liberty. 4 OltlillVS l\ ii.. Physician and Surgeon; P.O. Liberty; born Nov. 7, 1S25, in Chautauqua counly, N. Y., in 1HHS; came with his parents to Tippecanoe county, I nil., in IHI5. He commenced Iho study of medi cine in Yot'ktown, 1ml.; graduated al Ihe Hush Medical College, Chicago, Feb. HI, 18511. In lull) ho commenced the prncliee. ol medicine at, Kingston, III., lias been in conslunt practice since. He removed to Liberty in 18(19; married Miss Amelia M. Bubcock, Jan. I, 1H52. She was born Jan. 2, 18:11, in Chnulautpia county, N. Y.; have had seven children, four living: Lucinda (now Mrs Craig), Jno. W., Orlando M., ami Anna. M. He owns 105 acres of land adjoin ing Liberty. He represented this counly in the Legislature from 180(1 lo 1808. Democrat. Orulg Airues, soc. 85; P.O. Fairweather. CltAlG JOHN (deceased), bom Aug. 10, 1872, in Kentucky; when a child ho came willi his parents to Indiana. In 18:10 he came to Liberty township; married Ag nes Farmer m 1880. She was born May 18, 1818, in Alabama. She came to Adams county with her father in 18:15. They had Lwclvcchihlrcn, ten living: Milton, Sarah A., Chas. W., James IL, Pei'lcfa. J., John C, Jasial, Andrew J., Lucy K. and Malvina A. Milton enlisted in 1862 iu Ihe 78th Regt., 878 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. 111. Inf., and served to the end of the war. They own 440 acres of land. Mr. Craig died Aug. 28, 1877 . Craig Milton, farmer; sec. 24; P. O, Liberty. Craig Wm. farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Liberty. Cruse Margaret, sec. 10; P. 0. Liberty. Delmuth Henry, farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Liberty. Dougherty Jacob, farmer; sec. 33; P. 0. Liberty. Duff Thos. sewing machine agt. P. 0. Liberty. OUNIiAP WARREN B., Phy sician and Surgeon; P. O. Liberty; born Oct. 22, 184S, in Gasconade county, Mo.; when a child came with his mother to Adams county, 111. He commenced the study of medicine in 1872, and graduated at the Louisville, Ky., Medical College, in 1876; he first graduated in the spring of 1872 from the State University at Urbana, 111 ; married Mary E. Worrell, March 9, 1876. She was born in. 1853, in Chester county, Pa. ; have one child, Mable May. Mrs. Dunlap is a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Dunlap is a Republican. Edwards Henry, farmer; sec. 2: P. 0. Liberty. Enlow Dr. G. W. P. O. Liberty. Enlow Silas, farmer; sec. 31; P. O. Liberty. ErkeFred., farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Liberty. Fellmer Daniel, farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Liberty, Fessenden Sarah, sec. 26; P. O. Liberty. Fisher Catherine, P. 0. Liberty. FISCHER HENRY, farmer and blacksmith ; Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Liberty. He was born July 11, 1836, in Bavaria, Germany. In 1854 he came to Zanesville, Ohio. In 1860 he came to Adams county. He owns eighty acres of land; married Catherine Fessenden in Sept. 1866. She was born in 1842, in Adams county. They have three children: Nettie, Charles H., and Nathan P. He is a member of the Lutheran church, she, of the Presbyterian church. Fitzgerald David, farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Liberty. Frey John, farmer; sec. 19; P. O. Liberty. ' FREY T. X., druggist; P. 0. Lib erty; was born March 6, 1828, in Lehigh county, Pa. He came to Liberty township in 1846 ; worked at the carpenters' trade till 1862, when he enlisted in Co. E., 78th 111. Inf.; served about seven months, when he was discharged on account of physical disa bility. He then returned to Liberty and en gaged in various kinds of business. In 1866 he engaged with B. F. Grover as clerk ; continued with him until 1873, when he commenced his present business; married Susan Sally, in 1853. She was born in 1838, in Liberty township ; died Jan. 4, 1864 ; have one child, Lydia, now Mrs. Covert ; second marriage to Maiy M. Benfield, Sept. 18, 1864. She was born March 7, 1844, in Crawford county, Pa. Have two children: Adam R., and Tilman X. Jr. Is Township Treasurer, and has been Justice of the Peace, and a member of the Christion church. Politics, Democrat. FREY WILLIAM, farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. Liberty; was born in Lehigh county, Pa., in 1830 ; came to Illinois and located in Liberty in 1856, and worked in a mill ; was married Oct. 27, 1872, to Martha Christia Heckrodt. She was born in Adams county, 111., in Feb. 16, 1854. They have three children : Cora Ann, born Feb., 1874; Effie May, born Sept., 1876, and Malinda, born Sept., 1878. He bought 108 acres of land, paid $4,700 for it, and has it under a good state of cultivation ; has a large orchard and makes the best of cider ; raises a great nnmber of cattle, sheep and hogs, and has as fine stock as the county affords. His farm is estimated to be worth $50 per acre. Mr. and Mrs. Frey are members of the Lutheran church at Liberty. Politically he is a Dem ocrat. G Gallaher J. H. constable ; P. O. Liberty. Gauut Julia, sec. 4; P.O. Liberty. Gitts Henry, miller; P. O. Liberty. Glouse Henry, farmer; sec. 4; P. O. Liberty. Gordon Elizabeth, sec. 25; P. O. Liberty. Gordon W. W. farmer; sec. 14; P.O. Liberty. Gorman James, sec. 14; P. O. Liberty. ' Gorman Thomas, farmer; sec. 13; P.O.Liberty. Graff Thomas, farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Liberty. Grimes J. M. physician; P. O. Liberty. GROVER B. F., merchant; P. 0. Liberty; was born Feb. 2, 1817, in Sidney, Maine, in 1840 ; came to Carroll county, Ky., in 1851; came to Liberty two years later, and commenced his present business. There was but one store when he came here. He has LIBERTY DIEEOTOEY. 879 been County Superintendent of schools, Town Supervisor and Treasurer ,Justice of the Peace, etc. ; married Mary Nighswonger, in Oct. 1854. She was born in 1821 ; died Jan. 1856. Second marriage to Anna E. Ferguson, Sept. 20, 1856. She was born in 1837, in Madison county, 111. Have seven children : Cora, Edith, Ferguson, Leanore, Hatchel, Blackman, and Donald; lost four children in infancy. Is a member of the Free Masons and Odd Fellows' societies. Politics, Dem ocrat. Mrs. Grover is a member of the Pres byterian church. Grubb David, farmer ; sec. 18: P. O.Liberty. Grubb Edmund, farmer; sec. 17; P. O. Liberty. Grubb G. W. farmer; sec. 17; P. O. Liberty. Grubb Jonas, farmer; sec. 17; P.O. Liberty. Grubb Reuben, farmer; sec. 18; P. O. Liberty. H Haberline August, farmer ; sec. 34; P.O. Fairweather. Hendrix Samuel, butcher; P. O. Liberty. Henry Alex, farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Liberty. Hessert V. farmer; sec. 23; P. O. Liberty. Hoffman Julius, farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Liberty. HUHDEESTON WM., farmer; Sec. 28; P. O. Liberty; was born, July 15, 1839, in Brown county, 111.; at the age of thirteen he came with his parents to Adams county; married Nancy Deselem, Nov. 5, 1863. She was born in 1838, in Ohio; died March 10, 1865. His second marriage was to Elleasy Cook, Jan. 24, 1867. She was born, Dec. 31, 1842, in Tennessee. Have six children: Mary E., Allen H., Chas. S., Emma N, Edith F., and William E.; lost Cora J. in 1873, aged four years, five months and ten days. Mr. Huddleston enlisted, August, 1861, in Co. B, 50th Regt. 111. Inf.; served till Jan. 29, '63; was dis charged on account of a wound received at the battle of Shiloh, for which he draws a pension. He owns eighty-five acres of land in See. 15, Concord township, valued at $2,000. He is Township Supervisor, and has been Assessor and Collector. Democrat, and a Baptist.Hunsaker Andrew, farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Liberty. Hunsaker H. D. farmer; sec 30; P. O. Liberty. Hunsaker Jane; eec. 13; P. O. Liberty. Hunsaker John, farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Liberty. Hunsaker S. farmer; sec. 30; P. O. Liberty. Hunsaker Wm. farmer; sec. 29; P. O. Liberty. K KARNEY CHAS. .1., undertaker; P. O. Liberty; was born Oct. 18, '23, in Warren county, Ohio; in '57, came to Adams county, 111.; in '63 removed to Liberty, and engaged as carpenter and joiner; married Ann E. Tickener in '48. She was born in '17, in Warren county, Ohio. Presbyterian and Republican. Keller George, Sr., farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Liberty. KELLY HON. MAURICE, farmer; Sec. 25; P. O. Liberty. Kelly Patrick, farmer ; sec. 27; P.O. Liberty. Kline Vernon, farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Liberty. Koetzel Abraham, shoemaker; P. O. Liberty. KUNTZ JOHN, manufacturer of wagons and coffins, P. O. Liberty; was born, April 25, '41, near Pittsburg, Pa. ; when a child, came with his parents to Quincy, 111.; enlisted, in '62, in Co. E, 78th Regt. 111. Inf., and served till the end of the war; then came to Kingston, 111., and commenced his present busines; in '70 he removed to Lib erty; married Mary Lentz, Sept. 5, '65. She was born, in '46, in Adams county. Have five children ; four living: Katie, Frederick, William H., and Emma; lost Anna in in fancy. Republican and Methodist. Lenker R. G. minister; P. O. Liberty. EENTZ W. H., harness; Liberty; born June 15, 1848, in Kingston, 111. He learned his trade with A. B. Wilhelm, of Quincy ; he commenced his present business in 1872. Married Mary M. Wiester, Nov. 3, 1869. She was born Dec. 2, 1852, in West moreland county, Pa. Have three children : Ernest C, aged six years; Harry O, three years ; and William A., eight months. Are members of the M. E. church. Is a Republi can.Lierle Diana, sec. 6; P. O. Columbus. Llerle Richard, farmer; sec, 9; P. O. Liberty. Lierle Wm. farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Liberty. Lierle W. B. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Liberty. Lierle W. R. farmer; sec. 27; P. O. Liberty. Lindebower S. farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Liberty. Linn Amos, blacksmith ; P. O. Liberty. M Jamison James, farmer; sec. 28; P. O. Liberty. Jones Helen, dressmaker; P. O. Liberty. 56 McBride C. B. farmer; sec. 31 ; P. O. Liberty. McBrideS. F. farmer; sec. 31; P.O.Liberty. McClintock Barbar" sec. 6; P. O. Liberty. 880 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. McCRORY JAMES, farmer; Sec. 32; P. .0. Liberty; was born Jan. 1, 1820, in Washington county, Pa. In 1851 he came to Adams county, 111. He owns 240 acres of land, valued at $30 per acre ; married Letitia Job, Nov. 6, 1843. She was born Jan. 22, 1822, in Marshall county, Va. Had thirteen children, eight living: L. E. M- (now Mrs. Hartshorn) ; M. K., M. R., J. K, C. L., G. B., H. G., and S. Has been four years Justice of the Peace ; Road Commis sioner, School Trustee and Director. Mem ber of Presbyterian church. Is a Democrat- McMAHON JOHN, farmer; Sec. 22; P. O. Liberty. He was born in 1832 in Ireland ; in 1855 came to Quincy ; in 1857 removed to Liberty township ; they own 200 acres of land. Married Mary Clark in 1858. She was born in 1824 in Ireland ; in 1827 she came with her parents to America. Her mother lives in this township; she was born in 1800. They have three children, John, Mary, and Julia. Her parents came to this county in 1833. Her father died in 1857. McRAE WM. F., farmer; Sec. 28; P. O. Liberty ; born Dec. 25, 1824, in Marion county, Mo.; in 1851 he came to Adams county. Is Township Assessor; has been School Director. Married Margaret Gordon, Nov. 23, 1848. She was born Feb. 1, 1826, in Kentucky; died Dec. 13, 1866. Have eight children: Charles E., Elizabeth A., Alice J., James W., Virginia E., Melissa I., Henry O, and Addie F. Second marriage to Ellen Gordon, Nov. 17, 1867. She was born Nov. 17, 1842, in Missouri. Have two children : Sanford S., and Archibald D. ; en listed in 1862 in Co. E, 78th Regt. 111. Inf. ; served to the end of the war ; was wounded in the battle of Chickamauga, for which he receives a pension. Democrat. Baptist. Malone Rhoda, sec. 20; P. O. Liberty. Malone Sarah, sec. 2; P. O. Liberty. MERCER P. H., Postmaster, Lib erty ; born Feb. 4, 1835, in Clarion county, Pa. ; in 1856 he came to Adams county. He enlisted in 1862 in Co. E, 78th Regt. 111. Inf. ; served to the end of the war ; was in the battles of Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Lookout Mountain, Sherman's March to the Sea, etc. ; was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. He first enlisted as a private in 1863. He was pro moted to 2d Lieutenant, and in 1864 was again promoted to 1st Lieutenant. He was appointed Postmaster in 1874. ' Married Mrs. Mary Cams, daughter of A. H. D. Buttz, March 22, 1865. She was born June 26, 1841, in Liberty township. Have two chil dren : Nora B. and Glenn H. She has one child by her former marriage, L. T. Chris tian church. Republican. MIEEER BEN J AMES, farmer; Sec. 13; P. O. Liberty. Was born in Bur- ton township, Adams county, April 10, 1836. His father died in 1840 ; mother 1852. He was married in 1857 to Nancy J. Robb. She was born in Missouri in 1837. They have six children: Caroline A., James D., Benja min F., Sarah A., Mary E., and Francis M. He*located in Liberty township in 1866, on Sec. 13.- He owns 120 acres of well im proved land, worth $3,000. He was in Co. K, 3d Mo. Cav. ; enlisted November 26, 1861 ; served three years ; was mustered out Jan. 19, 1865 ; was in the battles of Mount Zion, Chalks Bluff, and Little Rock, under com mand of Col. Steele. They are members of the Baptist church. He is a Republican. Miller Fred, farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Fairweather. Miller Gottleib, farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Fairweather, MINTEE A. S., farmer; Sec. 15; P. O. Liberty. He was born May 30, 1832, in Warren county, Ohio; in 1857 went to Indiana; the following year he came to Adams county, 111. He owns 120 acres of land, valued at $40 per acre. He married Louisa P. Smith, Sept 13, 1854. She was born June 19, 1834, in Warren county, Ohio. They have eight children: Marston P., Alice J., William O, Mary May, Lucy L., Carrie E., Hattie O., and Anna G. Republi can. N Nations David, farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Liberty. Nations J. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Liberty. Nations J. S. farmer; sec. 3; P. O. Liberty. Naylor S. merchant; P. O. Liberty. ObertF. gardner; P. O.Liberty. O'Donnell James, farmer; sec. 82; P. O.Liberty. Pattie Henry, farmer; sec. 32; P. O. Liberty. Pearce G. W. farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Liberty. Phillips Henry, farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Liberty. Pond G. P. farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Liberty. ^''li ' H ?>%-'-.-S ' - ' V, : '/SZ^L^l^lC^J LIBERTY TOWNSHIP LIBERTY DIEECTORY. 881 Potter Jackson, larmer; sec. 19; P. O. Liberty. Potter Jane, sec. 19 ; P. 0. Liberty. R Reed Alex, farmer ; sec. 13; P. O. Liberty. , Renne C. A. farmer; sec. 4 ; P. O. Liberty. Rhodes Jacob, farmer ; sec. 30; P.O.Liberty. RIEOEE JULIUS, blacksmith; Liberty; born March 18, 1842, in Germany; in 1867 came to Adams county ; in 1870 he removed to Liberty township. He married Anna Hoyer in 1869. She was bom in 1846 in Bohemia. They have four children: Rosa, Paulina, Henry, and John. Lutheran church. Democrat. ROTH JUEIUS, stoves, tin and hardware ; Liberty. He was bom Dec. 25, 1845, in Quincy, 111.; in 1856 he removed with his parents to Camp Point, and in 1860 he commenced to learn the tinning business ; in 1861 he returned to Quincy, and worked one year ; then returned to Camp Point. He worked at this business until 1884, when he engaged in the railroad business for about one year. He enlisted in 1865 in Co. E, 148th Regt. 111. Inf., and served till the end of the war, when he returned to Camp Point. In 1867 he went to Montana Terri tory, and engaged in the tin trade until 1870 ; then engaged in the railroad business till 1872, when he returned to Hancock county, 111., and continued at this business two and one-half years. In 1877 he removed to Liberty. He married Miss Maggie A. Thompson in 1870. She was born in 1843, in Illinois ; died in 1873, leaving one child, Minnie E. His second wife was Mrs. J. E. Green, whom he married in September, 1875. She was born in 1843 in Pennsylvania ; have two children, Ardella W. and Joseph F. She has two children by a former mar riage, Flora and Etta Green. She has also two step-children, Ellis and Ella E. Demo crat. Presbyterian. Eowsey Mrs. sec. 3 ; P. O. Liberty. RowBey John, farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Liberty. Schaffer A. farmer; sec. 33; P.O. Liberty. Schafer Adam, blacksmith; P. O. Liberty. Schnell G. farmer; sec. 11; P. O. Liberty. Schwartz Jacob, farmer; sec. 1;»P. O. Liberty. SCHWARTZ JOSEPH S., blacksmith; Sec. 11; P. O. Liberty; was born in Adams county in 1842 ; father and mother still living. He was married Jan. 21, 1868, to Phebe Compton. She was born in Hamilton county, Ohio. They have three children : Mary A., Charles O, and Bertie W. They moved to Kansas in 1870, and lived there seven years, and thence to Texas, where they stayed one year, then came back to Illinois in 1878. He has a good stand for a shop in Liberty among a good class of people; does all kinds of work usually done in a country shop; his wife is a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. S. is a Republican. Scott James, farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Liberty. Shohong J. B. farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Liberty. Sirs John, farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Liberty. Stockslager Margaret, sec. 4; P. O. Liberty. STRUCK JOHN & HENRY, farmers ; Sec. 23 ; P. O. Liberty ; John was born Feb. 27, 1829, in Germany; in 1852, he came to Adams county ; he and his brother Henry own 140 acres of land. John mar ried Elizabeth Riniker in 1865. She was bern in 1836, in Switzerland ; have five chil dren: Julius, John, Frederick, and Albert Henry was born in July, 1842, in Germany ; he came to Adams county in 1857; married Susan Riniker in 1872. She was born in 1842, in Switzerland. John and Henry served in the late war. Swank Conrad, farmer ; sec. 24; P.O. Liberty. Taylor Charlotte; sec. 4; P. O. Liberty. TORRENCE AEBERT, Physi cian and Surgeon, Liberty; he was born May 25, 1838, in Alleghany county, Pa. ; when an infant, came with his parents to Mis souri ; in 1849, came to Adams county, 111. His father being a physician, he studied first with him; in 1858, he commenced studying with Dr. Bassett, of Quincy. In the winter of 1862 and 1863, he attended the Eclectic Medical College at Cincinnati, and there graduated ; has been in active practice since. He married Miss Annie Nichols, Nov. 13, 1863. She was bom April 24, 1844, in Co lumbus, HI. They have one child, John, aged one and a half years. Mrs F. is a mem ber of the Christian church. He is a Dem ocrat. TOURNEY GEO., farmer f, Sec. 27 ; P. O. Liberty; he was born Feb. 14, 1822, 882 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUKTY. in Belfort, France; in 1828, came to Stark county, Ohio; in 1837, came to Adams county. He owns 120 acres of land. He married Hester Culp in 1846. She was born in 1824, in Indiana; died in 1858. They have five children : Jefferson, John B., George R., Louis, and Francis M. Second marriage to Elizabeth Allen in 1859. She was born in Pike county, 111., and died in 1871. They have four children : Violetta, Rhoda, William, and Anna. Third mar riage to Mis. McRae, in 1872. She was born in 1826, in Kentucky ; she has four children by a former marriage ; Jennie, Eliza, Aman da, and Joshua. Jefferson served in the late war; Mr. T. has been School Director. Traver Simon, farmer; sec. 2S; P.*0. Liberty. Tumblin W. P. farmer; sec. 36: P. O. Fairweather. YANCIL ISOM, farmer; Sec. 8: P. O.Liberty; was born in Union Co., 111., Jan. 1, 1826, and is the fourth child of Martin and Susan C. Vancil. His father was born in 1800 and is still living. His mother died Oct. 29, 1873, aged 70 years. In 1849 he was married to Miss Matilda Nations, who was born July 31, 1819. They have had four chil dren: Rebecca Jane, born July 25, 1850; Isaiah Stephen, born Aug. 7, 1852 ; Olive Aurora, Sept. 1, 1850, and Hugh Merrick, born Feb. 6, 1863, all living. Rebecca was married Feb. 22. 1874, to Sidney Lindenbar. Mr. V. is one of the oldest inhabitants of the county, having come into the county in 1823. He owns 190 acres of land ; probable value, $6,000. He is one of the Stephen A. Douglas Democrats, and always expects to remain so. YANCIE WELEIAM, farmer; Sec. 8; P. O.Liberty; was born April 19, 1822, in Union county, Illinois. In about '35 he came with his parents to Adams county. He owns 180 acres of land ; married Mary Ann Tourner, Nov. 26, 1845. She was born Sept. 17, 1825, in Belfort, France. Had ten children, six living: Jno. W., Henry M., Julia Ann R., Elizabeth C, Joseph R., and Calesta S. His father, Martin Vancil, was born Feb. 4, 1800, in Virginia; now lives here with his son, Jno. W. ; served in the late war. Chas. W. Akers, aged nine years, has been taken by Mr. V. to raise. YANDEREEP WIESON, re tired; P. O. Liberty. He was born May 12, 1806, in Tioga county, New York. In 1816 he came with his parents to Canada; in '35 came to Missouri ; in '38 removed to Adams county Illinois. He owns sixty-two acres of land, ahw property in town. He is now the oldest settler in the village but one ; married Phebe A. Rose in December, 1829. She was born in 1811, in Canada; died in 1865. Has six children: Lucinda, Elizabeth, Pernina, Rosena, Mary A_nn, and Louisa. Second marriage to Martha G. Godfrey, June 18, 1?|j8. She was born July 18, 1824, in Eng land. His son-in-law, Tichnor Vancil, en listed in '62 in Co. E., 7Sth Regt. 111. Inf. and served to the end of the war. Members of the Christian church. Republican. Volbraeht George, farmer; sec. 2: P. O. Liberty. w Wagner Mary A. P. O. Liberty. WAGNER C. G., farmer; Sec. 11; P. O. Liberty ; was born March 5, 1807, in Prussia, Germany ; in '30 came to New York ; thence to New Jersey; in '36 came to Adams county; owns 240 acres of land; married Elizabeth Webster, April 4, 1835. She was born Feb. 19, 1814, in England. She came to America when a child. They have eight children: Angeline, Josephine M., Elizabeth A., Henrietta, Geo. W., Sophia M., Sarah J., and Chas. A. Has been School Director and Treasurer. Presbyterian. WALKER ALFRED, farmer; See. 15; P. O. Libeity-. He was born Feb. 27, 1820, in Tennessee; when an infant he . came with his parents to Union county, Ill inois; in '30 he removed to Adams county. He is one of the oldest settlers in this town ship. He owns 200 acres of land ; married Elizabeth Strahan, Aug. 27, 1843. She was born July 11. 1820, in Kentucky. Had four children, three living: Chas. W., Sarah J. (now Mrs. Arnold), Susan A. (now Mrs. Roe), Catherine E., died May 29, 1863, aged 20 years. Members of the German Baptist church. Walker James, farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Liberty. Walker J. J. farmer; sec. 10; P. O. Liberty. Weisenberger Vol. farmer; sec. 19; P. O. Liberty. Williams Edward, sec. 14; P. O. Liberty. WELEIAMS PETER SR.. far mer; Sec. 15; P. O. Liberty; was born Aug. 11, 1810, in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania; in '44 he came to Adams county. He owns LIBERTY DIRECTORY. 883 106 acres of land ; married Hannah Xanders, Oct. 14, 1832. She was born Nov. 9, 1808, in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania. Have six children: Elvina (now Mrs. Frey), Edwin, Peter, Amanda (now Mrs. Kauder), Angeline (now Mrs. Boren), Sabina(now Mrs. Schnell). When in Pennsylvania was 1st Lieutenant of a Vol. Light Inf. Co. Edwin served in the late war. Levi Frey enlisted in Septem ber '62, in Co. E, 78th Regt. 111. Inf., died in March, '63, at Nashville, Tennessee. They have one child, Alice S, Williams Peter Jr, farmer; Bee. 10; P. 0. Liberty. WilliamsO'.: John, farmer; sec. 33; P. O. Liberty. Wilson H. M. farmer; sec. 5; P. O. Liberty. Wilson John, farmer; sec. 4; P. 0. Liberty. Wisehart C. F. farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Liberty. Wellb G. W. farmer; sec. 34; P. O. Liberty. Wheeler A. B. farmer; sec. 7; P. O. Liberty. Wolfe John, farmer; sec 18; P. O. Liberty. Xander Aaron, farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Liberty. Xander A. B. farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Liberty. Xander David, farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Liberty. Xander J. B. tarmer; sec. 20; P. 0. Liberty. Zechnder G. farmer ; sec. 14 ; P. O. Liberty. EICHFIELD TOWNSHIP. Able L. farmer; sec. 13; P. O. Fairweather. Akers G. H. farmer-; sec. 36; P. O. Barry, Pike Co. Apsley M. W. merchant; sec. 1 ; P. O. Fairweather. Atkinson Lewis, farmer; sec. 24; P' 0. Fairweather. B BAKER AARON, farmer and stock raiser; Sec. 20; P. O. Richfield; was born in Hampshire county, Va., March, 1836; came to Adams county in 1851, lo cated on Sec. 20 in 1852; married in 1861, to Fannie E. Lyon. She was born Decem ber, 1842. They have four children, John C, Ora D., La Verdu and Alta Lou. Owns 200 acres of land, all under a good state of cultivation, and worth $10,000. Has held the office of Justice of the Peace two terms and also Collector and Constable, is a man of good standing in the community ; politi cally, is a Democrat. Mrs. Baker is a faith ful and consistent member of the Methodist church. BAKER JOHN, farmer; Sec. 17; P. O. Richfield; was born in Hampshire county, Va., in 1834; parents both dead. Married to Sarah E. Hull, in 1861 ; she was bom in 1844. They have four children, Olive May, William, Willis, (the two latter being twins) and Leroy. Mr. B. has been Assessor and School Director of his town ship, and now holds the office of Commis sioner of Highways. Politically is a Green- backer, and is a member of the Masonic Fraternity ; owns 131 acres of land, most of which is in a good state of cultivation, and worth $40 per acre. BakerS. M. farmer; sec. 19; P.O. Richfield. Beavers Rocert, farmer; sec. 21, P. O. Richfield. Behimer Sol B. farmer; sec. 22; P. O. Richfield. Behimer C. P. farmer; sec. 26; P. O. Fairweather. BEETS FRANCIS, farmer; Sec. 10 ; P. O . Richfield ; born in Pennsylvania, in 1819 : came to Illinois in 1836 ; married in 1845 ; has had nineteen children, twelve of whom are living and seven have died. The living are Emma, (now Mrs. Thompson) T. Henry, Francis M., Douglas, Melissa, (now Mrs. Seigle), Charlotte, (now Mrs. Earnest), Caroline, Philander, Samuel, Sherman, War ren and Nettie. Miss Caroline has prepared herself for a teacher, and bids fair to be come a useful member of that noble body. He owns eighty acres of land under fair cultivation, with moderate improvements; is worth $30 per acre. Politically Mr. B. is a Republican. BELTS JOHN, farmer; sec. 9; P. O. Richfield; born in Pennsylvania, in 1816, came to Adams county, in 1836 ; married to Sophia Boyer in 1839; She was born in 1819; they have had twelve children, nine dead and three living: Mary E., (now Mrs. 884 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. Beman) Hannah M., (now Mrs. Carr), and Nora S. Owns 192 acres of land under cul tivation, worth $25 per acre. Mr. G. polit ically is a Republican. BemontMary E. sec. 9; P. O. Richfield. Benjamin Wm. farmer; sec. 25; P. O. Fairweather. Bennett Francis, farmer, sec. 24; P. O. Fairweather. BENNETT JEFFERSON, far mer; Sec. 11; P. O. Fairweather; was born in the state of Indiana, in 1837; came to Adams county in 1850, with his parents; his father died 1869 ; mother still living iu Payson township. Was married to Eliza F. Bradley in 1864 ; she was born in 1836 ; have two children : Laura, born February 1866, and Delia, born Feb. 6, 1872. Owns 120 acres of land under cultivation, and worth $25 per acre ; he is a School Director. Both he and his wife are members of the Baptist church. Mr. B. in politics is a Democrat. Birdsal Isaac, farmer; sec. 2; P. O. Fairweather. Bliven Albert, farmer; sec. 35; P. O. Barry, Pike county. Bowham M. farmer; sec. 37; P. O. Fairweather. Bowman James, farmer: sec. 13; P. O. Fairweather. Boyer Lewis, farmer; sec. 4; P. O. Richfield. Bradshaw Wm. sec. 9; P. O. Richfield. Bransom Tabitha; sec. 15; P. O. Litchfield. BROWN SAMUEL C, farmer and railroad contractor; Sec. 11; P. O Fairweather; was born in Montreal, Canada, 1822. His father died in 1840; moihpr is still living at Peoria, 111. He married Mary M. Collins in '50. She was born in Canada in 1829. He came to United States in '43; located in Richfield in '77. Mr. Brown has followed railroad contracting in Pike and Adams counties, 111., and in Missouri and Wisconsin, and is acknowledged to be a first-class man in that line of business; owns 114 acres of land, under a fair state of cul tivation, worth $25 per acre. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are members of the Baptist church at Kingston. He is also a member of the Masonic Fraternity at Barry, and is in poli tics a Republican. Brown S. C. farmer; sec. 11 ; P. O. Fairweather. Bnrns John, farmer; sec. 24; P. O. Fairweather. Call John, farmer, sec. 31; P. O. Stone's Prairie. Callahan Arthnr, farmer; sec. 12; P. o. Fairweather. Callahan John, farmer; sec. 12; P. O. Fairweather CALLAWAY JEHU, farmer; Sec. 19; P. 0. Richfield; was born in Dela ware in 1818; came to Adams county in '42; married in '40 to Nancy Wheeler. Had six children by first marriage: Lucy E., Heze- kiah S., George B., John. D., Patience E.i and Whitfield. His first wife died in '53. In '55 was re-married to Jane Williams. She was born in Kentucky in '30. Had nine children by this marriage: John E. E., Mar tha E., Cora Luella, Mina Jane, Mary Flor ence, Anna Eliza and Eliza Anna (twins), Abram Grant, and Ora Davis. Three chil dren of the first and six of the second mar riage are living; two of the first marriage are married. He owns 180 acres of land, worth $50 per acre. He is at present one of the School Directors in this township. Mr. and Mrs. Callaway are members of the M. E. church at Shiloh. He is a Republican. CAMPBELL BAVIB-, farmer; Sec. 8; P. O Richfield; was born in Mercer county, Ky., in 1814; parents both dead; located in Adams county in '54; married Ruth A. Bradshaw in '54. She was born in Adams county in '35. Have eight childien, three of whom are married : James, Sarah, Francis M., Alice Drucilla, Jane, Andrew J., Eliza Silvera, and Rebecca. Owns sixty seres of land, under a fair state of cultiva tion. Mr. Campbell and wife are members of the Baptist church. Politically he is a Greenbacker. CALAWAY JOHN E. E., farmer; Sec. 17; P. O. Richfield; was born in Richfield township, Nov. 27, '58; is a son of Jehu and Jane Calaway. Mr. Calaway is a young man of fair ability, honest, and of good morals, and is well adapted to the business of fanning, which he follows. Politically he is a Republican. CAMPBELL WILLIAM, farmer; Sec. 13; P. O. Fairweather; was born in Kentucky in 1808 ; came to Illinois in 1827; located in Adams county about thirty-two years ago; married to Elizabeth Sparrow in '30. She was born in 1810 a*d died in '63. Have had six children; all married and living in Adams county. He owns eighty-one acres ot land, under a fair state of cultivation, worth $25 per acre. In politics he is Democratic. Carter Reuben, farmer ; eec. 29; P. O. Richfield. RICHFIELD DIRECTORY. 885 ChabelaR. farmer; sec. 23; P.O. Richfield. Chandler Minerva, sec. 2D; P. O. Fairweather. CLEAVELANO CHARLES C, farmer; Sec. 18; P. O. Richfield ; was born in 1846, in Adams county, Illinois, son of Isaac and Mary A. Cleaveland; mother died 1867; father resides at Barry, Pike county, 111. Was married, 1872, to Narcissa N. Franks. She was born 1853; has one child, Susan Olive, born Oct. 1878. Mr. Cleaveland and wife are members of the M. E. church at Richfield, Mr. Cleaveland be ing one of the trustees. He owns 120 acres of land, eighty acres under a good state of cultivation, worth $50 per acre. Po litically is a Republican. Comstock Mary, sec. 17; P. 0. Kicbfleld. Conway John, farmer; sec. IB; P. O. Richfield. Cook E. M. farmer; sec. 8: P. 0. Richfield. Cook E. T. farmer; sec. 36; P. O. Barry, Pike county, 111. Cook John, farmer; sec. 16; P. O. Richfield. Cooper Alex, farmer; sec. 21; P.O. Barry, Pike county, 111. Coughenaur Wm. farmer; sec. 14;P. O. Fairweather. Crow Wm. farmer; stc. 1 ; P. O. Fairweather. Cunningham H. farmer; sec. 19; P. O. Richfield. Cunningham Jacob, farmer; sec. Ii; P. O. Fair- weather. Cunningham b. farmer; sec. 20; P. O. Richfield. D Davis W. T. larmer; sec. 26; P. O. Fairweather. DEDLERY JOHN, faimer; Sec. 11; P. 0. Fairwealher; was born in Ger. many, 1834; came to the United States in 1808; was married to Ann Elizabeth. She was born in Germany, in 1846. They have six children : Mary E., Hannah, Belle, Josie, Varnet, Effie, and Henry. He owns forty acres of land, under fair state of cultivation. Mr. Dedlery does a small amount of work as a blacksmith through the year. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. Mr. Dedlery, politically, is a Green- backer. Elliott Nancy, sec. 18 ; P. O. Fairweather. Edison Wm. town clerk; sec. 11 ; P. O. Fairweather. F FAHS PHILIP, farmer, and County Surveyor; Sec. 29; P. 0. Stone's Prairie; was born 1816, in Hampshire county, Virginia; came to Adams county in 1850; married in 1837 to Catherine Crim, of Berkely county, Virginia. She was born April 24, 1815. Thofncers consist of Mrs. Sarah Denman, President; Mrs. Wm. Marsh, vice-President; Mrs. Anna McMahan, Recording Sec retary; Miss Lucy Bagby, Corresponding Secretary, and Miss E. B. Bull, Treasurer. Mrs. George W. Brown, Mrs. Rodney Lambert, Mrs. Edward Turner, Mrs. Lewis and Miss M. E. Chapin, compose the Managing Board. The association receives all alike to its open arms of charity, regardless of race, creed or color, if there is any hope of their being benefitted, and provided they have no contagions disease which will endanger the other patients,' and free to all who are unable to pay and need its services; but it is a hospital for the sick, and not an asylum for the aged and infirm. It has supported during the past year 30 charity patients, 21 provided by the supervisor and 19 pay patients, 70 in all, some of whom have been there for years. It is entirely sustained by private contributions, is. out of debt, and owns the grounds, buildings and furniture. The membership of the association is intended to embrace all forms of religious opinion in the community, and in this respect to be based upon a foundation as broad as our common humanity. Conscientious, large-hearted women have undertaken to carry forward this enterprise, which appeals through every groan of the afflicted and suffering poor to the humanitarian sentiment of their more fortunate brethren. About the year 1867 a delegation of Sisters of Charity known as the Sis ters of St. Francis came to this city for the purpose of establishing a hos pital, equal to the wants of the growing city. Ground was purchased on Broadway, between Fourteenth and Sixteenth streets, money was raised and the erection of the hospital building was commenced. The building was three stories high with cut stone basement and mansard roof, the structure costing $35,000. After the completion of the building the hos pital was opened and the Sisters commenced their good work of minister ing to the sick and relieving distressed unfortunates. All without regard to nationality or religion are admitted. The hospital is conducted by eleven Sisters of Charity, Sister Emerentia having charge of the institution. The year 1876 an addition was erected, at a cost of $11,000, to meet the increasing demands upon the charity of the hospital. During that year 345 persons were admitted. The number who have received the benefits of the institution the past year is greater than that of any year previous. QUINCY WORKHOUSE. About the year 1865, the authorities of the city of Quincy deemed it ad visable to utilize the vagrant and petty criminal element of her citizens by erecting a workhouse, where law-breakers could be confined and at the same CONCLUSION. 951 time become in a measure self-supporting by being compelled to work for their bread, as do the law-abiding people outside. Accordingly, steps were taken toward that end, which resulted in the purchase by the city of over seven acres of land, and the erection of a one-story stone building on Front street, not far from the southern boundary of the city. The purchas'e extends on to the bluff and embraces extensive limestone quarries. When these petty criminals are arrested and convicted of an offense whose penalty is either fine or confinement in jail, or both, the criminals are incarcerated in the Workhouse and put to work upon the stone pile, either at breaking for macadam, or dressing rock for crossings or guttering. They are under the supervision of a superintendent who sees they are kept at work and gives each one credit for $1 for every day's labor performed, the amount being! applied toward liquidating the assessed fine, or shortening the term of con finement in jail. The experiment was found to work well in two ways; it has the effect to deter, in a measure, that somewhat numerous class of evil- disposed indigent persons who have a holy horror of work, from committing the crimes which, upon conviction, necessitate them to labor; and it fur nishes large quantities of material for street improvements, as is shown by the figures from the report of the Superintendent for the last fiscal year. He contracts with the city to board and superintend the prisoners for a specified sum; and the proceeds of their labor is the property of the city. A number of years ago another more ample, two-story stone building was erected near the first. The number of pauper criminals thus rendering the municipality a valuable service at one time, by working their passage from the felon's cell to God's open air of freedom varies from one to twelve. And the results of the past year, as shown by the report, are: 1,472 loads of macadam, worth sixty cents per load; 92 loads of rock for crossing, worth a dollar per load; 376 loads of riprap, worth fifty cents per load; and 279 loads of gutter stone, worth a dollar per load, which shows an aggregate yearly revenue from this source of $1,442.20. L. M. Pittman is Superin tendent; J. H. Cavolt, Assistant Superintendent. HOTELS. Quincy is well supplied with hotels and boarding houses, many o. them first-class buildings and excellent in appointments and accommoda tions. The leading hotels are the Tremont, the Quincy, the Wilson, the Furlong, the Occidental, and the Pacific. According to the estimates made the arrivals at the hotels named foot up for the year over 55,000. The Tremont, Louis Miller, proprietor, has recently been enlarged and improved. The house has 125 rooms and the employes number 75. The arrivals average thirty per day. The Quincy was materially improved recently, a large sum having been expended in repairs. It is under the management of Miller & Lee, experienced hotel men. It has 100 rooms and employs 27 persons, and averages twenty arrivals per day. The Occidental, T. Rogers, proprietor, on Hampshire street, does an extensive business, receiving a large patronage from the country. Its reg ister shows more arrivals than any other hotel in the city. There are six teen employes, 84 rooms, and the arrivals average 75 per day. The Wilson, owned by James Wilson, is conducted upon the European plan, the only house- exclusively of. that system in town. There are 26 rooms and fourteen employes. The arrivals average twelve per day. 952 ' HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. The Furlong, James Furlong, proprietor, on Maine, near Sixth, is one of the popular houses of the city. The arrivals for the year average ten per day. The building contains 25 rooms, and gives employment to fifteen persons. The Pacific, H. Moecker, proprietor, is located on the levee, convenient to the depot, and offers excellent accommodations. There are 25 rooms and eleven employes. The arrivals average fifteen daily. The other hotels in Quincy, are the following: Palmer House, 625 and 627 Maine. Ballard House, O. T. Ellis, proprietor, 70 North Fourth. Currier House, 46 Front. Depot House, 45 North Front. Franklin House, J. F. Gant, proprietor, 58 and 60 North Fifth. Kentucky House, Louis Lantz, proprietor, 212 and 214 Maiue. Missouri House, Theodore Featheringill, proprietor, Hampshire and Third. Pennsylvania House, Dr. Fitzpatrick, proprietor, 531 Hampshire. Sherman House, Jas, Ferguson, proprietor, Front and Vermont. St. Joe House, J. D. Hoffmeister, proprietor, 310 Hampshire. Union House, John Hogan, proprietor, 44 Front. THE EXPRESS BUSINESS. Two express companies, the American and the United States, have offices in the city, one agent, F. C. Fargo, managing the business for both corporations. The American does the express business of all \the lines of the C., B. & Q., the H. & St. Joe, and the United States of the Wabash. MANUFACTORIES. There is no subject more appropriate for the closing chapter of this vol ume than the manufacturing interests of the county, and particularly the city of Quincy. The " Gem City" stands in the front rank with the cities of Illinois in this feature of industry. As compared with other points Quincy possesses superior advantages for manufacturing purposes. , It is abundantly supplied with water and fuel, and her extensive railroad system affords rare opportunities for collecting raw material and distributing the manufactured goods. There are four leading lines which are particularly prominent: the flouring mills, the stove foundries, the tobacco factories and the breweries. Notwithstanding the Scripture declaration that man cannot live by bread alone, it is equally true that it forms an important ingredient of human diet, a fact which the early settlers of Adams county fully realized and provided for. The first primitive grist mill was established as early as 1824. During the five or six following years several horse power mills were established in different parts of the county. In 1831 J. T. Holmes and N. Pitkin started the first steam flouring mill in Quincy, at the foot of Ohio street. So prosperous has the manufacture of flour proven that the city now boasts of thirteen large flouring mills, besides a number of first-class flouring mills, throughout the county, prominent among which are the Casco Mills, at Camp Point and Clayton, the property of Wm. L. Oliver. The amount of grain converted into breadstuff's in these thirteen estab lishments in Quincy is almost incredible. conclusion. 953 . Eagle Mills, one of the oldest establishments in the city, is located on Broadway, between Olive and Second streets, and is conducted by the vet eran miller, H. S. Osborn, ably assisted by Rod. Lambert and Henry Meis- ser. During the year they ground 223,811 bushels of wheat and manufac tured 46,986 barrels of flour, for which they found a ready market through out the country. They employ thirteen hands. Oastel Mills, Graves & Whitman proprietors, is another old and pop ular mill, located on Front street, just opposite the passenger depot. The mill has been running for a quarter of a century or more. It has a capac ity of 100,000 barrels annually. Tellico Mills, owned and Operated by Dick Bros., is located near the corner of Front and Delaware streets, and is one of the largest and best in the country, and has a capacity of 300 barrels of flour in 24 hours. Its flour has gained a wide reputation through the North, East, South a^d West. Center Mills, located on the corner of Jersey and Front streets, This is an old mill, and the name of Allen & Whyers, the proprietors, is a guarantee of the excellence of its production. Quincy Mills, corner of Ninth and Vermont street, Moenning Bros.' proprietors, were in operation steadily the past year and ground 52,000 bushels of wheat, 3,000 bushels of rye, and manufactured 13,000 barrels of wheat and 600 barrels of rye flour. This mill has a fine reputation and the flour is eagerly sought after. Broadway Mills. — Owen Thom & Co., proprietors of the above mills, have only been grinding wheat since March 1st, 1877, yet they manufactured 3,000 barrels of flour and handled 30,000 bushels of wheat. The firm make a speciality of corn meal, and have this year ground 5,000 barrels of meal, for which they find ready sale. City Mills, corner of Eighth and Kentucky streets, Knollenberg, Waver ing & Co. proprietors, ground during the year 60,000 bushels of wheat and manufactured 12,500 barrels of flour. This mill has only been in operation about four years, but it has already gained a good reputation for making first-class flour. Gem City Mill, C. S. Gove & Son proprietors, was established in July, 1876. The firm make a specialty of flour and meal, and ground 3,900 bushels of wheat and 3,000 bushel's of corn, and made 680 barrels of flour and 150,000 pounds of meal. The Royal Mill is located on South Seventh street, between Maine and Hampshire, and makes a specialty of corn meal and hominy. The mill ground 24,000 bushels of corn and manufactured 325,000 pounds of meal and 600 barrels of hominy in a single year. This is the only mill in the city making hominy, in which it has "a large trade. This mill also deals largely in feed. , Farmers' Mills.— This establishment, owned by Moenning & Weltin, located on Fourth street, between Maine and Hampshire, is well known, at home and abroad, for the excellence of the flour manufactured. The Farm ers Mills' brands are quoted among the highest in the principal markets of the country and are always in demand. The mill was burned August 11, 1876, and was rebuilt and commenced operation again on the 10th of November, that year. They grind wheat, corn and rye in large quantities. City Spring.— The City Spring Mills of Hunnerwjidel & Ringier, on Sixth, between York and Kentucky. The mill is first-class and the brands 954 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. of flour popular wherever known. Their capacity is 100 barrels in 24 hours. The proprietors have a demand for all they can manufacture. The Star Mill, owned by VandenBoom & Wewers, is doing a thriving business, and has a capacity of 100 barrels of flour in 24 hours. The People's Mill, George Miller proprietor, makes a specialty of man-i ufacturing corn meal, and does an increasing business. These mills draw chiefly upon Illinois, Missouri and Kansas for their supplies of grain, and ship the immense quantity of their products to all points of the compass, much of them going east and South and to Chicago. STOVES. This city was one of the first in the Western country to engage in stove manufacturing. The first foundry was started in the year 1846, through the enterprise of Allen Comstock. The business flourished and the little pioneer Stove Works has grown into the extensive Phoenix Foundry, one of the first in the country. There are four firms, of which this is the parent, engaged in manufacturing, all doing a large trade. The Phcenix stove foundry of Comstock, Castle & Co., leads in volume of business. About 20,000 stoves are manufactured a year, and the firm find the demand about equal to their supply. The value of the product of the year is nearly $250,000. One hundred and ten to one hundred and twenty-five men are employed at the works and make 200 tons of stoves and ware per mouth. The Phcenix stoves come into competition with the best of other cities and never fail to come off with credit to Quincy. Bonnet, Duffy & Co., manufacturers of stoves, ranges and hollow- ware, now located on the corner of Fifth and Ohio streets, are one of the leading firms in the West. The house was established in 1866, by Bonnet & Duffy, and employed 28 men that year. They now employ over 70 men, 36 molders. They are just completing a large new brick building on the river bank, South Front street, containing a molding room, 86 by 125 feet area, and a warehouse, 40 by 120 feet, and five stories high, into which they will remove in July, when they expect to increase the volume of their business at least one-fourth. They melt 1,200 tons of iron a year. Thomas White's Stove Works, on the corner of Fifth and York, was established in 1860, by the firm of Bonnet, Duffy & White. The latter became sole proprietor in 1865. The building is 100 by 165 feet, and three stories and basement. He employs 40 men and melts four tons of iron per day, turning out 9,000 stoves and ranges a year. His sales run about $80,000 per annum. Excelsior Stove Works. — This well-known stove foundry, located on Delaware street, continues to hold its own. The works were started many years ago and established a reputation for excellence of work, second to none. The business the past year has been prosperous. A large number of men were employed. It melts 800 tons of iron annually. TOBACCO. The tobacco manufacturing interest in Quincy having had its birth during the late war, has grown to mammoth dimensions, and yields an immense revenue to the city and furnishes occupation for a large number of laborers. The manufacturing is chiefly comprised in four large estab lishments: The Gem City Plug Tobacco Works, the Empire Plug To- CONCLUSION. 955 bacco Works, the Empire Fine Cut Factory and Joel Harris' Sons Plug Tobacco Works. The Gem City Plug Tobacco Works, the first in point of age and one of the largest plug tobacco factories in this country, was established in 1862, by Turner Vanhorn & Co. Their factory is located on South Front street; the building is 70 by 200 feet, four stories high. The first year the concern employed '60 hands and produced 300,000 pounds a year. The business has steadily increased, and they now work 250 hands and turn out 160,000 pounds per month, and are unable to fill their orders. Their sales aggregate $750,000 yearly. The Empire Plug Tobacco Works, situated on Fifth street and Ohio avenue, and second in order of age, were founded by Daniel Harris and Albert Beebe, in 1867, though Mr. Harris had conducted the business in a small way since 1862. The business of the firm grew so rapidly that in 1876 they had 700 employes, a working capital of $300,000, and pro- ' duced 2,300,000 pounds of plug tobacco. The company paid the Govern ment for stamps that year $750,000. The factory is now owned and run by T. J. Mackoy, who employs 150 hands and turns out 75,000 pounds a month. The Empire Fine Cut Tobacco Factory, Weilman & Dwire proprie tors, is situated on Payson avenue, between Fourth and Fifth streets. It s the only exclusive fine cut works in this part of the country, the largest west of Cincinnati, and was established by Harris, Beebe & Co., in 1875. The building is 60 by 100 feet, seven stories. It is suppKed with the most approved machinery, works 125 hands, and produces 80,000 pounds of fine cut and smoking tobacco per month. In May of this year they turned out 160,000 pounds. Trade constantly increasing. Joel Harris' Sons, Plug Tobacco Works, 29 and 30 North Front street, opposite the Union Depot, is the youngest member of the tobacco family, having been established January 1, 1879. It employs 200 hands and man ufactures 80,000 pounds of plug tobacco per month. Their sales extend to the Pacific coast, and average about $30,000 monthly. BREWERIES. The brewing business of Quincy surpasses that of any city of its size in the country. The first brewery was started by Anton Delabar, in 1837, and was burned the same year. Others followed in succession, until there are now five firms engaged in the business in the city limits and one a mile north. The leading establishment is that of Dick Brothers Quincv Brewing Company, situated on the corner of Ninth and York streets. It is one of the largest in the West, and has some hundreds of thousands of dollars invested in buildings and business. They employ a large force of men, and have a brewing capacity of 40,000 barrels of beer a year, though they make less. They ship their beer as far west as Colorado, and south to Texas, in their own refrigerator cars. Last year's business was $150,000. Ruff" Brothers & Co.'s establishment is next in size, and produces about one-half as much per year as the Dicks' concern. J. Luther & Co., Washington Brewery, John M. Ruths, Eber Brothers and F. X. Schill— a mile and a half above the city— have all brewing estab lishments of considerable capacity, producing from 1,400 to 3,000 barrels a year. ; Jl'- "'' 956 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. MACHINE SHOPS. The city is well supplied with foundries and machine shops. The establishments rank with the first in the country, and compete in western work with the oldest and largest shops of the principal cities. John Will iams & Co., Smith, Hayner & Co. and the Gardner works, will compare in extent and quality of work with any similar firms in the West. One of the most complete machine shops and foundries is that of John Williams & Co., on Front street. The firm manufacture all kinds of ma chinery, but make a specialty of steam engines, railroad and bridge work, in which they compete with the largest establishments of the country. For years past they have filled large orders for railroads and bridges in Mis souri, Kansas and other Western States. Their work has the reputation of being first-class. About seventy men are employed and the business will t aggregate about $35,000 a year. The foundry and machine shops of Smith, Hayner & Co., on Fifth street, near Ohio, is one of the oldest establishments of the kind in the city. The specialty of the firm is steam engines, in which they do a large busi ness. Their work is of the best. The aggregate of the business" for the year is about $75,000. Thirty men are employed in the works. R. W. Gardner, known not only in this country but in Europe as the inventor and manufacturer of the celebrated Gardner Governor, the most important of all inventions for steam engines, has his foundry and shops at the corner of Fifth and Ohio streets, which give employment to 33 men. For the twelve months he manufactured over 1,200 governors. The demand increases each year. The purchasers were from all parts of the United States and abroad, some of the orders being from Australia. New machin ery is being added to the foundry and he expects to manufacture more ex tensively the coming year than ever before. CARRIAGES AND WAGONS. One of the most important branches of manufacturing in this city is that of carriage and wagon making. The business is conducted on a large scale, one of the firms being one of the largest and best in the Union. • E. M. Miller & Co. — One of the most extensive manufacturing estab lishments in the western country is the carriage factory of E. M. Miller & Co., on Sixth street. The firm occupy three large first-class brick build ings, erected by them, and carry on the business on an immense scale, run ning the year through. The business of the firm was started 21 years ago, in an old barn, employing ten men, and grew rapidly year by year. The firm make all styles of buggies and carriages, hearses and omnibuses. In the latter they probably excel any other manufacturers in the country. They fill orders for the Eastern States, for Canada, for the South and South west and do a large business in the Western Territories and in California. One hundred and fifty hands are employed. Hynes & Co., southeast corner Fifth and Jersey streets, com menced business in a small way in 1869, on Sixth street, between Maine and Jersey, the firm at that time being Hynes & Moore, and continued under the same style until the death of Mr. Moore, which occurred recently. John A. Lenox, known to the trade for the past twenty-five years, is now connected with this house. They have a capacity of running seventy-five hands. They make a special point on the quality CONCLUSION. 957 of the work which they turn out, and whether it be an elegant family car riage or a plain open buggy the material and workmanship will always be found to be of the very best. They have given considerable attention dur ing the past season to the manufacture of the stylish side-bars. Messrs. Hynes & Co. are making all classes of family carriages, two-seated car riages, open and top buggies, phaetons, etc. This firm employ only the most skillful workmen, and many of their finer carriages and buggies are made from original designs. They are prepared to make any desired style of buggy or carriage to order on short notice. They have made a specialty of manufacturing vehicles of all kinds to order from special designs, and this feature forms an important branch of their business. W. T. & E. A. Rogers own and operate a large wagon manufactory on the corner of Fourth and Oak streets and make a large number of wag ons annually. The Rogers wagons have been in good demand wherever they have been introduced, competing successfully with those manufactured elsewhere. The firm have the reputation of doing good work, their wagons being durable and light-running, and possessing advantages not found in those of other factories. One thousand wagons are manufactured and sold a year, the demand being about equal to the supply. From twenty-five to sixty persons are employed in Ihe factory. J. Koenig and Luhrs & Wayne are also engaged in the manufacture of carriages and buggies in the city, and turn out a considerable quantity of work. THE VANDIVER CORN PLANTER COMPANY OF QUINCY. This company was incorporated under State laws in 1870, and have been conducting a very large and successful business since its organization. Its officers are Edward. G. Castle, President; Joseph C. Barlow, Superin tendent and Secretary. The company manufacture the celebrated Vandiver, Quincy and Barlow Rotary Com Planters. The latter planter, the invention of Mr. Jos. C. Barlow, combines entirely new features, such as showing the corn three hills in advance, etc. Their products amount to between three and four thousand planters annually and one hundred men find employment at their extensive works, while their planters find sale in all parts of the United States and foreign countries. This concern is a credit to the city of Quincy, and its officers and members represent the leading business men of the city. ORGANS. The Whitney & Holmes Organ Co., established in 1868, and incor porated March, 1870, employes 40 men and turns out $150,000 worth of organs annually. Has $50,000 capital invested in business with a large wholesale trade, extending to everv State in the Union. The business of the company is under the management of August H. Whitney, the founder of the business of organ manufacturing iu Quincy. THE GEM CITY PAPER MILL, R F Newcoinb proprietor, is one of the important manufacturing institutions of Quincy. Mr. Newcomb has been running the mill since March, 1872, and its business has steadily increased. Straw wrapping and board papers are the exclusive products, of which an average of ten tons per day are made, employing 50 hands. 958 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. FURNITURE AND CHAIRS. The manufacture of furniture and chairs has become one of the leading branches of industry in Quincy. Several- firms are engaged in the business and give employment to a large number of men and boys. The trade reaches over $300,000. F. W. Jansen & Co. have one of the largest furniture manufactories in the country. It is located on the corner of Washington and Front streets, and is one of the most important factories ot the city. The factory gives employment to 125 persons, and turns out some of the finest work sold in the west. In the last few years the finer and better grades of fur- niture-'have been manufactured here, and Jansen & Co. have made a suc cess in that line. The furniture of the new court-house all came from their manufactory, and is acknowledged by all to be a credit to the firm. Jansen & Co. have recently opened two branch houses, one at Dallas and the other at Sherman, Texas. H. A. Vandenboom & Co., manufacturers of chairs and bedsteads, on the corner of Tenth and Vermont streets, have recently opened a branch house at Dallas, Texas, which is supplying that section of country. They employ sixty men constantly in the manufactory, and turn out a large amount of work. The chairs and bedsteads made by this firm are equal, if not superior, to any in the market. W. C. Powers & Co., No. 602 Maine street are doing a splendid business both at wholesale and retail. This firm also does considerable in the manufacturing of fine goods and have a force of experienced hands con stantly employed. F. Duker is one of the old manufacturers of furniture, having been in business for many years. He employs six persons. He carries a good stock of furniture of all kinds. PLANING MILLS. Quincy has six of the best and most complete planing mills to be found in the West. They are all filled with new and improved machinery, and turn out a large amount of work annually. They make a specialty of building material such as doors, sash, blinds, refrigerators, tobacco boxes, etc. Mulliner & Beebe are located on South Fourth street, between Jersey and York, and are doing a large business. They furnish employment to 20 men and boys, and turn out large quantities of building material, tobacco boxes, together with their unequaled refrigerators, for which they have a high reputation. Hauworth, Orr & Hodgdon, well-known contractors and builders, and proprietors of the Fourth Street Planing Mill. Manufacture doors, sash, ' blinds, etc., and annually turn out large quantities of material of all kinds. They furnish employment to a large number of meu and boys. Menke, Grimm & Co. are an old and long- established firm, having been engaged in the business for many years. Their mill is located on Hampshire street, between Eighth and Ninth. They employ 30 hands. They manufacture the celebrated Eagle Refrigerators, together with candy boxes, packing cases and building material. Pfanschmidt & Co., lumber yard and planing mill on the corner of Fifth and Ohio Streets, employ 25 men, and have one of the best mills in the city. They do a large business in tobacco boxes, sash, doors, blinds, and packing cases. G0N0LU8I0N. 959 Larkworthy & Burge's shops and mill' are located on Vermont, between Fourth and Fifth. They do a general planing mill business, and in addition are one of the largest contracting firms in the city, furnishing employment to a large number of men. They are the contractors who erected tlie new Adams County Court-house. They also erected the new Tremont House building on Hampshire street. The firm have taken a prominent place among Quincy contractors, and are increasing their trade annually. Peter H. Meyer, another well-known builder, has a planing mill and shops located on Ninth street, between Ohio and Payson avenue. He is a large contractor, and erected a large number of fine residences and stores in Quincy during the past few years, among them the new Presbyterian church. He makes all his own sash, doors, etc., used in his buildings. He employs a large force of men, and has gained a reputation for doing good work. TRUNKS AND SATCHELS. Quincy now has two of the largest and most important trunk and satchel manufactories in the West. They emDloy a number of hands and do business amounting to $35,000 annually. BRICK. Brickmaking is a branch of industry extensively engaged in by a num ber of enterprising business firms who do a large business, running from 400,000 to 6,000,000 a year each. TINWARE. Several firms are engaged in the manufacture of tinware, who do an extensive business. The business gives employment to a large number of workmen. In work, the Quincy manufacturers compete successfully with the houses of other cities. Among the most prominent firms are J. Sey mour Castle, 432 Maine street, who does a large business in tinware and stoves. He is one of the most extensive manufacturers of tinware in the West. L. D. White, Hampshire street, has also an extensive business, one feature of which is a wholesale trade in tinners' supplies. Schupp & Co., J. J. Grant, George Fischer, and others are also doing considerable in the trade. SADDLES AND HARNESS. The manufacture of saddles and harness is carried on in this city on a large scale. The firms engaged in it do an extensive and profitable busi ness, supplying a large territory surrounding Quincy. John B. Kreitz employs twelve men, and turns out during the year a large quantity of fine harness and saddles. A feature of his business was the manufacture of heavy truck harness, in which he had a large trade. His work recommends itself. Other features of his establishment are the fine English saddles, and what is known as the patent Guthrie saddle. John L. Koch manufactures saddles, harness, collars, whips, etc., and is the agent of the celebrated Jacksonville drovers' whip. His work is first-class, and he makes it a point to satisfy his patrons. A. B. Wilhelm has one of the finest establishments in the city, and turns out a large quantity of work. He makes a specialty of fine work. Thomas E. Durant does a large business in manufacturing harness and '" 61 960 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. saddles and supplies, and has a large patronage from Quincy and the sur rounding country. W. H. Konantz, Maine, between Fourth and Fifth, gives employment to five men and devotes himself principally to fine carriage and buggy harness. His business includes horse clothing and whips. He did a large amount of fine work last year. CRACKERS AND CONFECTIONERY. In the manufacture of crackers and confectionery a number of firms are engaged, all of whom are doing a large business. They give employ ment to a large number of hands and, with the product of their establish ments, supply a large region of country. The candies and confectionery from these houses are as pure and palatable as any made. Clark & Morgan are taking the lead in this line of business. At present they employ thirty persons, with Ihree traveling salesmen. During the year they consume 2,200 barrels of flour and 1,700 bar rels of sugar, and manufacture 440,000 pounds of their superior crackers, and 400,000 pounds of candy and confectionery. The goods manufactured by this firm have wide reputations for their purity and fine flavor. John Wessels, manufacturer of crackers and confectionery by steam. He now employs twenty men and boys, and has three traveling salesmen. They now travel all over the States of Illinois, Iowa and Missouri. Brown Bros. & Co. are one of the largest manufacturers by steam of candy, crackers, etc., in the West. They have been engaged in the business for the past thirty years, and have a large trade. FLAVORING EXTRACTS. F. H. Mason & Co., manufacturers of the celebrated Moss Ro.se baking powder, Royal dry hop yeast, flavoring extracts, liquid bluing, and inks, are among the firms of which the city may justly feel proud. For many years Quincy was compelled to go abroad for everything of this kind, but now, we are happy to say, that this is no longer the case, as we have one of the largest manufactories of this kind right here at home. This firm was established in 1874, yet they have succeeded in building up an immense trade, and theirgoods may be found nearly all over twelve different States. James E. Woodruff, another enterprising citizen, has recently opened a chemical laboratory at No. 303 Maine street, and is now manufacturing Good Luck baking powder, dry hop yeast, flavoring extracts, and liquid bluing, in large quantities. This house was established in 1876, and has succeeded in building up a large and rapidly increasing trade. BUCKET FACTORY. A new enterprise, the manufacture of wooden buckets and tobacco drums, was started by John Potter, on Lower Front street, the 1st of May, 1876. Fifteen persons are employed in the business. Mr. Potter has fitted up three large dry-houses for drying lumber, and has furnished the factory with the best of machinery. The establishment is an important acquisition to the manufactures of the city. BOILERS. The only factory engaged exclusively in the manufacture of boilers is that of I . H. Michelman, on the corner of Spring and Olive. He employs an average often men. His factory enjoys an excellent reputation in and Conclusion. 961 around Quincy, and his boilers rank with the best made. J. Williams & Co., on Front street, do a large business in boiler work, in connection with their foundry and machine shop. MARBLE. There are three marble-works establishments in the city: Noakes & Bockenfeld's establishment is at the corner of Third and Main streets. Six men are employed in the business the greater portion1 of the time. Wyman Perry, located at 300 Maine street, makes a good showing. He has been kept busy, and has furnished employment to three persons. C. G. Volk, at 322 Maine, considering the general depression in busi ness, did a good business for the year. The employes number four. There were 300 monuments and stones delivered to order. Mr. Volk designed and erected the soldiers' monument elsewhere spoken of in this work. There are other minor branches of manufacturing in the city and in the county which it is impossible to mention in the compass of our work. The most we have aimed to do is to make a brief summary of the leadvng manufacturing interests of this now wealthy and populous county, teeming with industrial activity. THE WHOLESALE TRADE OF QUINCY. DRY GOODS. First in importance, perhaps, of the jobbing line in the city, is the dry goods trade, in which line the city has houses that can boast of business that is surpassed by but few houses outside of the East. New York may have her Stewarts and Claflins, Chicago her Field & Leiter's and Farwells, but Quincy has several houses that stand as high in the es timation o.f the public. These firms are composed of men whose busi ness tact and energy bids fair to soon place them high in the list of of leading merchants in the western country. We have firms whose sales verge on to two million dollars annually. But few Chicago or St. Louis houses can say as much. First upon the list we have the great house of Isaac Lesem & Bro. , known all over the Southwest and West as one of the leading dry goods houses in the country. The firm occupy the magnifi cent building on the corner of Third and Hampshire streets. This house was established in Quincy in 1856 on a small scale, and began wholesaling in 1858. A few years ago they erected the magnificent building they now occupy, 44x125 feet, five stories high, but even this was found too small to accommodate their large and rapidly increasing trade. They have leased the second and third floors of the building adjoining, and have fitted them up in the same style as the main building. Their business is nearly $2,- 000,000 a year. They give employment to thirty men, including eight traveling salesmen. They have a resident New York buyer, who keeps them well supplied with everything the market affords. . r Julius Kespohl & Co., another of the leading dry goods and notion houses, is located on the northwest corner of Third and Hampshire streets in one of the largest, handsomest and most commodious business buildings in-the western country. It is 40x92 feet, and four stories. It was built expressly for a dry goods house, and has all the modern conveniences for the transaction of business. During the past year a change has been made 962 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. by adding a retail department. The house was established in 1864; opened the wholesale business in 1873. They carry a full and complete line of goods of all kinds, which have been purchased from first hands. They em ploy forty men, including traveling salesmen, who make frequent trips through the States of Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska. WHOLESALE NOTIONS. Jacob Meyer & Brother have the only exclusive wholesale notion house in the city. It was established in 1867. They keep from six to eight trav eling salesmen on the road, and have the largest notion trade outside of Chicago and St. Louis in the West. GROCERIES. ISIo branch of business in Quincy has flourished more successfully or increased with greater rapidity than the' grocery trade. But a few years have elapsed since the wholesale grocery establishments were confined to two or three, whose annual sales did not aggregate more than a quarter of a million; but now we boast of five wholesale houses and over one hundred retail houses, whose annual sales will foot up several millions. Among the leading wholesale houses may be mentioned the old reliable firm of Meyer & Kespohl, established in 1869, occupying the elegant three-story building on Third street between Hampshire and Vermont. The firm have nine employes, including two traveling salesmen, who have large trades ex tending over the States of Illinois, iowa and Missouri. The firm carry a stock second to none in the West. They buy direct from first hands, and hold out superior inducements to buyers. W. S. Warfield, another of the old houses, is located on Third street, just south of Hampshire. This is one of the oldest and most solid firms in the West, having been established for many years. He furnishes em ployment to fifteen men, three of whom are constantly engaged in travel ing in the States of Illinois, Missouri and Iowa. In addition to. a full line of staple and fancy groceries he carries a large stock of tobacco. . S. E. Seger, well known in this vicinity as the pioneer grocer of Quincy, having been engaged in the business as far back as goes the mind of the oldest inhabitant, is still enjoying a splendid trade. He employs seven men, including three traveling salesmen, who all have large trades through Illinois and Missouri. His stock of groceries and liquors is second to none. His store is one of the largest and most commodious in the West. Austin & Manson are still doing a splendid business at 317 Hampshire street, where they have been located for many years. They employ five men but do no traveling. The greater portion of their trade lies within one hundred miles of Quincy, while their home trade is envied them by many of the larger houses. Their store room is large and commodious, and is well filled with an extensive and carefully selected stock of goodB. The Oriental Tea Company was established in the Dutcher Block, on Hampshire street, the latter part of November, 1876, and has succeeded in building up a splendid trade. The firm does business, both wholesale and retail, upon a strictly cash basis. They buy for cash, and sell the same way. By so doing they are enabled to offer superior inducements to purchasers. The firm is a branch of a Chicago house. CON0I.U8.ON. 963 OLOTIIINO. Quincy has now some of the most extensive clothing houses of any city in the western country, and has merchants who have been engaged in the business for many years. They carry immense stocks with which to sup ply their already large and rapidly increasing trade. J. I). Levy & Co. still head the list, and are among (the very largest dealers in clothing in the western country. They are still occupying the large four-slow building, corner of Hampshire street and Market Square. Theycmplov ten men and five or six traveling salesmen. Their trade lies in Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, and Nebraska. Tho firm are not only large dealers, but are extensive manufacturers, having one of the largest factories in tho East. ' Thoy import all fine goods direct, and have an office at Leipzig, Germany. Joseph Stern & Sons, have one of the oldest and best clothing houses in the city. They began business here many years ago, and soon gained a large trade, which they have been adding to ever since. The firm have a large jobbing trade in Illinois and Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska. Their traveling salesmen are rapidly extending their trade. Joseph Meyer is among the heaviest jobbers of clothing in the city. His jobbing trade is largely distributed over the States of Illinois and Missouri. HATS AND CAPS. In the hat and cap trade we have both dealers and manufacturers, who carry large and well-assorted stocks, that will compare with the first houses in the West. The merchants in this branch of business are both enterprising and energetic, and keep stocks fully equal to those carried by many of the eastern houses. Wood Bros., the only exclusive jobbing house in the city, occupy the large storerooms in the wholesale block, Nos. 30 and 32 North Third street. Tho house waB established in 18(52. They rank among the very first of our jobbing houses, and carry as full a line of hats, caps, and gloves as can be found anywhere. They employ eight men, including five trav eling salesmen. Their trade lies mostly in Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Illi nois, and Nebraska. Peter & Schnarr, wholesale dealers in hats, caps, straw goods, furs, f loves and mittens, 34 and 36 Third street. This house was established in 868, and, through fair and honorable dealing, have worked their way up from a small retail store to one of the leading houses, in their line, in the West. Since Jan. 1, their sales have been largely in excess of any previous season. Their goods are to be seen with the best merchants in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, aiid Missouri. BOOTS AND SHOES. Quincy can boast of some of the largest and most complete boot and shoe houses of any city in the West, outside of Chioago . They are all of the very first order," carry large amounts of goods, and are directed by men having business experience. Kingsbury, Blasland & Co., manufacturers and jobbers ot boots and shoes, 30 and 32 Third street. Few cities in the West, Chicago and St. Louis excepted, can point to such an establishment as the wholesale boot and shoe house of Kingsbury, Blasland & Co., a firm consisting of A. B. Kingsbury, S. A. Blasland, and C. S. Wyckoff. The house* was established 964 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. in 1840, byE. K. Stone. In 1855, A. B. Kingsbury became connected with the house, the firm being E. K. Stone & Co. In 1866, L. E. UungB- bury succeeded Mr. Stone, and the firm was changed to Kingsbury .Bros., which continued until after the death of L. E. Kingsbury, in 187.J, wnen the present firm was formed. They sell largely in Illinois, Iowa, .Missouri, and Kansas, and are doing a large and prosperous business, bales run from $400,000 to $500,000 per annum. Upham Gordon & Co., wholesale and retail dealers of boots ana snoes, are located at 411 Hampshire street. This is the oldest boot and shoe house in the city, having been established by C. Brown Jr. & Co., in 1852. Mr. Gordon became a partner in the firm in 1871. lhey employ two traveling salesmen in the interest of the wholesale department. Sales, $150,000 a year. BOOKS AND STATIONERY. , Dayton & Arthur, 426 and 428 Maine street, have the oldest, and the only wholesale book and stationery house in Quincy. It was established in 1837, by W. D. Skillman, and after having passed through several hands as a retail store, it was purchased in 1850 by J. R. Dayton, the senior part ner ot the present firm. It continued constantly to increase its business until 1868, when I. H. Arthur was admitted as a member of the firm, since which time the business has steadily increased . An extensive jobbing trade from Illinois and adjoining States, has made this house prominent among the business interests of the city. DRUGS. Sommer, Lynds & Co., wholesale druggists, Third street, north of Hampshire, is one of the heaviest drug houses in Illinois.' Mr. Sommer started in the business in 1857. The firm located at their point in 1875. Their business requires five floors of a building 40 by 100 feet. Their trade extends as far as Western Kansas, and runs $300,000 a year. Rogers & Montgomery, opposite, the park, on Hampshire street, started in the business in 1854. Their trade has grown each year. The job1 ling department was established in 1861. They have a fine store, and trade in both departments is heavy. HARDWARE AND IRON. So constant has been the growth of the West, and so unceasing is the demand for material, tools, implements, etc., that it has required no little effort on the part of hardware and iron merchants to keep pace with the march of trade. The Quincy jobbers and dealers, however, have been found equal to the emergency, and their supplies have at all times been equal to the demand. Not only do they carry the requisite quality, but their stocks have been so satisfactory to interior merchants that trad* in this line has marked a steady increase. Coxe & Coxe, wholesale and retail dealers in shelf hardware, nails, axes, and cutlery. They have not only succeeded in holding their own, but have extended the trade until their traveling salesmen can now be found selling all through Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, and Nebraska. At present they give employment to eleven men, three of whom are constantly engaged1" in traveling over the States above named. This is one of the oldest houses in Quincy, having first been established by L. & C. H. Bull, in 1833, and has been a hardware house ever since. They carry an assortment of goods second t^ none in the western country. Their four-story building with CONCLUSION. 965 warehouse attached, contains a full and complete stock of all goods usually found in a first-class house of this kind. G. J. Cottrell is among the leading jobbers in the city. He employs nine men, two of whom are constantly upon the road and selling large quan tities of goods in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Texas. He carries a full line of shelf hardware and tinners' stock. Lemley Bros, is another of the solid houses of Quincy. Their place of business is 217, 219 and 221 Maine street. They make a specialty of iron, steel, wagon and carriage wood material, and are the only house in the city dealing exclusively in this class of goods. Their store is a model of con venience, having been built expressly for the purpose. There is a driveway -entirely through the building, so that goods are handled but once instead of two or three times. They have everything necessary for the rapid trans action of business. They employ eleven men, including two traveling salesmen. H. & J. H. Tenk, wholesale and retail dealers in hardware, are still ¦doing business at 512 Maine street. They carry a full line of shelf hard ware, cement, belting, etc. They have a good jobbing trade in Missouri and Illinois. PORK PACKING. The first pork packer in Quincy was Capt. Pease, who in 1835 packed 3,000 hogs. From that time the business has grown until it has become one of the great hog markets of the West; and the business of packing and curing pork employs some of its most energetic men and a large amount of ¦capital. About 75,000 hogs are packed in a season, distributed among five large concerns and some small ones. One firm alone, Smith & Farlow, kills 25,000 hogs a year. BUTTER AND EGGS. A few years ago the enterprising house of W. L. Distin & Co. was first -established in Quincy as an egg and butter house. Many looked upon the •enterprise as a foolhardy one and predicted an early downfall, but in this they were badly mistaken, for instead of going backward it has rapidly in creased from year to year, until it now is among the very largest in the United States. A little later a consolidation was effected between this and the house of S. P. Pond & Co., Keokuk and Burlington, making not only •one of the largest, but one of the strongest firms in the country. _ Pond, Distin & Co now have their large houses in successful operation and during the busy season will ship four to five cars loaded with nothing but •egffs each day to the Eastern markets. During the year the Quincy branch •of the firm shipped 400,000 pounds of butter, and 1,750,000 dozen eggs, .or 25,000 barrels, together with several car loads of dressed poultry. < The house here is located at Nos. 17 and 19 South Sixth street and is under the immediate supervision of Wm. L. Distin, a member of the firm and a gentleman of large experience in this business. WINES AND LIQUORS. The wholesale liquor trade of Quincy is carried on with marked enter prise and energy. Their stores are filled with the best ot imported and .domestic wines fnd liquors. All those who are at present engaged in the business are thoroughly versed in its management and are enabled to ^SSL^thKoi Vre are ten firms now engaged in, th, traffic in 966 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. the city of Quincy; Joseph Adams, J. W". Blutgut & Co., J. H. Duker & Bro., John Meyer' & Co., Fred. Schaller, Edward Stockle, Sam'l E. Seger, Sommer, Lynds & Co., Henry Rensch, and Rogers & Montgomery. THE GRAIN TRADE. Nearly the entire business in this line is transacted by Ewing, Bom gardner & Beard. Previous to their taking charge of the elevator the grain business of the city was unimportant. In 1875, it was estimated that the grain business of the city did not exceed 135,000 bushels. In 1876, Ewing, Bomgardner & Beard went into the elevator and run the shipments up to 1,700,000, three-fourths of that amount being handled at the elevator. Most of the grain was purchased in Missouri and Kansas. Total shipment for a year, 5,450 cars. In bushels the amount will be close to 2,000,000. Ten men are employed in the business. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. Quincy now has the largest establishments dealing in agricultural im plements of all kinds, carrying an immense assortment. They all do a large business. The sales for the year will amount to something over $500,000. Lumber. The lumber dealers and saw-mills of Quincy report a very satisfactory business for the past year. The financial depression which has prevailed for years past has checked the building and improvements somewhat, which has had its effect upon the lumber interests. There are some six dealers, most of whom have large yards, and carry stocks of from 500,000 to 2,000,- 000 feet, and handle from 500,000 to 3,000,000 feet a year. THE COAL TRADE. Three firms were engaged in the coal trade last year. The trade has grown to be an important business in the city, as the figures below show: The Quincy Coal Company employ 250 men, and in twelve months brought to the city and disposed of about 3,000 cars of coal. The Neelyville Company was in business from January up to Novem ber 1st, ten months. The firm had about seventy-five men employed, and brought to the city about 800 cars of soft coal, and 70 cars of hard coal. The total is estimated by the company at $35,000. The Colchester Company gave employment1 to about eighty men and ship to the city over 1,000 cars of coal a year. HIDES AND WOOL. Two firms are engaged in dealing in hides and wool, and do a large- business annually. F. Silberman & Bro., on Hampshire, between Front and Second transact a business estimated at $1,000,000 a year. Hirsch & Co. do a business of $250,000 a year. This firm, successors to J. Jones & Co., are located on Seventh and Hampshire. The business. of the year is estimated at $400,000. The firm keep eight men employed • in the business. -!,j CONCLUSION. 967 QUINCY HORSE RAILWAY AND CARRYING COMPANY Was organized and charter granted by the State, ' February 11, 1865. The charter specifies that the company shall have the exclusive right to op erate horse railways in the city of Quincy, for the term of fifty years from its date. The original incorporators were: Charles A. Savage, James W. Pitman, Onias C. Skinner, Isaac C. Woodruff, Hiram S. Byington, and Nehemiah Bushnell, first president, all now deceased save Mr. Savage. The Fifth street section extending from Sixth street and Maine, out North Fifth street a mile and a third in length, was first, and all, the first owners built. In May, 1869, the present company, consisting of Lorenzo Bull, President, E. K. Stone, Superintendent, Charles H. Bull, O. H. Browning, and Nehemiah Bushnell's heirs, came in possession of the line, and soon after constructed the Maine street line leading from Sixth street to the fair grounds, about two miles and a quarter in length, and Highland line leading north from Maine on Twentieth street a mile. The company's stables and car house, the finest and best arranged in the West, are situated on Twentieth and Maine streets; and they and the Maine and Highland avenue lines were built under the supervision of the present very able superintendent, E. K. Stone. The company have in use fifteen cars and sixty mules. These they find better adapted to the heavy grades and their light cars than horses, which, with the kind treatment they receive, keep in splendid condition. The cars_ are neat and tidy, and no pains is spared for the convenience and comfort of the patrons of the road. There is no better managed street railroad in Illi nois than this; and it is one of the institutions of Quincy, of which her citizens have just reason to be proud. HISTORY OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, OF CLAYTON, ADAMS COUNTY. The original members of this church came from Garrard county, Ky., and were from the Associate Reformed Congregation, Point Lick, Madison county, Ky. The house of worship was situated near the dividing line between the said counties, and now known as the New Hope Church. Shannon Wallace and William Wallace, with their families moved from Garrard county, Ky, to Pike county, HL, in 1834 Rankin Wallace, William M. Wallace, Jason Wallace, Mary Wallace (widow), and Sarah Wallace (widow), with their families, moved from Garrard county, Ky., to Adams county, 111., in 1835. . ., Rankin Wallace settled on a farm near the village of Clayton, in the northeast part of the county. Wm. M. Wallace, and the two widow Wal laces above mentioned, settled on farms near Bear creek some eight .or ten miles northwest of Clayton. Jason Wallace -^ "^J^^^ ton the following spring. In 1836, Shannon and William Wallace, witn "irtSsTmfveS frL Pike county 111., to Adams ?nnl^andjetflrf on farms near the village of Clayton; all ofwhom^^mtheJ^^ Reformed Congregation, Point Lick, Ky. Rev. John Wallace, tW' J Associate Reformed Presbytery, of Illinois, visited the srtti ment in 1836 and preached the first sermon in the house of Rankin Wallace. He also 968 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. visited the people, and preached frequently afterward. He died at his home, near Little York, 111., Dec. 20, 1875. Rev. James McCalla, of Shelby county, Ky., visited the settlement in 1837, and preached a few times to this flock of new settlers, and the following year removed his family from Shelby county, Ky, to this place, and settled on a small farm and remained with these people for one year, preaching in the homes of the different families, during which time he received a call from the Associate Reformed Congregation, of Sparta, Randolph county, 111, and removed to that place. After he left these people were visited by Rev. Fulton, Rev. James Barnett (who was afterward a missionary at Damascus, Syria), Rev. Morrow, Rev. Half, Rev. Wm. Graham, Rev. John Graham, and others, preaching in the houses of the brethren . Rev. John Pinkerton preached to them awhile in 1844. The congregation was organized with fourteen mem bers, April 26, 1845, with Rev. Joseph Thompson, of the First Associate Reformed Presbytery of Illinois. The congregation was called the Clayton Congregation, and was to be under the direction of the First Associate Reformed Presbytery of Illinois, and the Second Associate Reformed Synod of theWest. Shannon Wallace was elected elder, and ordained on the 28th of April, 1845, He died Dec. 4, 1858. In the spring of 1846, Rev. M. M. Brown, formerly of Ohio, was sent by the Presbytery to the congregation as stated supply. He remained until the fall of 1848, preaching part of the time in Quincy, 111, the county seat of Adams county. He received aid part of the time from the Board of Home Missions. Afterward he received and accepted a call from Ran dolph county, where he removed in the spring of 1849. During his stay at Clayton several were added to the church by profession and examin ation. Thus it appears that the* congregation began its growth under the ministration of Rev. M. M. Brown. He is at present Professor of Lin coln College, Missouri. Before and up to this time, services of public worship were held in private houses and in the district school-houses. Efforts now began to be made to build a house of worship, but failed for want of agreement as to the location, two points being proposed, one on the farm of Mr. Rankin Wallace, near the graveyard, and the other some where near the central', point between the northern and southern portion of the congregation. Finally the matter was satisfactorily adjusted by building in the village of Clayton, which was done during the summer and fall of 1850. In the fall of 1849, Rev. Samuel Millen, formerly of Bloomington, Ind, received and accepted a call from the congregation. He remained about seven years. He received aid from the Board of Home Missions lor one or two years; the congregation then became self-sustaining. Rev. Millen rendered efficient labor, and the congregation, by God's blessing increased encouragingly. He gave up the charge ot the congregation in' 1856 and received and accepted a call from Smith's Creek, Henderson county' and moved to that place in the fall of the same year. He died at his home near Smith's Creek, on the 11th of October, 1871. After Rev. Millen left, the congregation were without a pastor for about four years, although efforts were frequently made durino- that time to secure one. Notwithstanding this discouragement the little flock still trusted that God, in his good providence, would in due time send them one to watch over their spiritual interests. In the meantime, the Presbvterv supplied them by sending Rev. James C. Porter, Dr. McDill, Rev Rlke J CONCLUSION. 969 Ross, and others, to administer to their spiritual needs. On the 17th day of May, 1850, Mr. John Millen, elder from Bloomington, Ind, was received on certificate, and accepted as elder of the congregation. He moved from Clayton to Paxton, 111, in the fall of 1865. James A. Wal lace and J. W. Anderson were elected elders in November, 1852, and ordained December 9 of the same year. William M. Wallace and Jason Wallace were elected elders in April, 1854, and ordained soon after. Wil liam M. Wallace died Dec. 18, 1864.' Jason Wallace died March 3, 1873. Rev. S. C. Millen, from the Associate Reformed Synod of the South, took charge of the congregation as stated supply in the fall of 1857, with the expectation of remaining in the west. The congregation made a call for his services as settled pastor, but, owing to his feeble health, it was not accepted. Finding the climate too severe for him he removed south again in the fall of 1858. On the 26th of May, 1858, a union was effected between the Associate and the Associate Reformed Presbyterian churches, and called by the name of United Presbyterian. Revs. Marion Morrison, M. Bigger, Robert Ross, and others, were sent by the Presbytery as supplies. In the mean time the congregation increased in numbers to some extent by some of the baptized youth unit ing with the church. In the spring of 1860, Rev. John Gordon, of Berlin, 111, became pastor of the congregation, and remained one year. He then gave up his charge to accept the financial agency of the Monmouth College, Monmouth, 111, which had been tendered him. He afterward became pastor of the Fairfax Congregation Presbytery, of Cedar Rapids. He died Sept. 25, 1871, of paralysis and lung disease. In May, 1861, Rev. M. Bigger became pastor of the congregation, and remained only during the summer, when he gave up his charge on receiv ing the position of Chaplain in the 50th -Regt. 111. Inf. He went South the following fall and remained with his regiment during the three years' enlistment. After his return home he was employed for a time by the Board of Home Missions, during which time he united with the Re-united Presbyterian church, and finally was sent to Bushnell, 111, as stated sup ply, in April, 1871, and was installed pastor in May, 1872, leaving many warm friends here. In the fall of 1861, Rev. James A. Frazier, formerly missionary at Damascus, Syria, became pastor of the church, and remained about one year, when, at the request of the Presbytery, he gave up his charge and returned to his former mission field. He was a devoted pastor, and the congregation, having become very much attached to him, very reluctantly gave their consent to his removal. He died soon after his return to his field of mission labor. Rev. James McNeal took charge of the congregation as stated supply in the fall of 1862, he remained until the following summer, then moved to another field. Dr. James F. Harper, elder from the Associate Reform Congregation, Troy, Tennessee, was received and elected elder on May 1, 1863 He removed to Keokuk, Iowa, in the fall of 1869. In the spring of 1864, Rev. John H. Brown, of Monmouth, Illinois, received and accepted a call from the congregation, began preaching April 15, 1864, and was in stalled on the 8th day of September following. Rev. Brown's pastoral work was in a great degree successful. A num- 970 HISTORY OF ADAMS COUNTY. » ber of the youth of the congregation, and some older persons professed faith in Christ, and were by examination received as members of the church. He labored hard to establish the Sabbath-school on a firm basis, and also took great interest in establishing weekly prayer-meetings, and was in a good degree successful in both. On the 1st day of April, 1869, at his request, the pastoral relation was dissolved, the congregation acquiescing. A short time after leaving Clay ton, lie took charge of the Piqua congregation in Ohio, and is still at that place. On the 13th day of Jan, 1869, Mr. Wm. Wallace and Mr. C. H. Mof- fett, were elected elders, and ordained April the same year. Rev. J. A. Edie, of North Henderson county, Illinois, received and accepted a call from the congregation in the fall of 1869, commenced preaching on the 28th of November, and was installed on the 14th of Jan, 1870. Previous to the union of the Associate and Associate Reform churches, Bro. Edie was in connection with the former.1 By the blessing of God, his labors in the congregation were in a great degree successful, although some things occurred greatly to be deplored, yet there was gradual increase by a num ber of young people of the congregation, and some older persons professing faith in Christ, and uniting with the church. He labored faithfully to have the weekly prayer-meetings and Sabbath -schools profitable and interesting, and was zealousfor the advancement of the cause of Christ. William A. Wallace and Salem Anderson were elected elders on the 25th of March, 1873, and ordained on the 3d of May, same year. At a congregational meeting held in the church, Sept. 1, 1877, the matter of repairing the church building was laid before the congregation. From the discussion which followed, there seemed to be a desire on a part of the congregation to erect a new church building instead of repairing the old. After holding several other meetings relative to the matter, it was finally decided at a meeting held on Sept. 8, 1877, to rebuild on the old site, and at a subsequent meeting a building committee was appointed, the contract let to J. H. Kanefess, of Quincy, Illinois. The house- was erected during the fall and winter following, at a cost of about $3,000, and was dedicated Jan. 29, 1878, Rev. Shaw, of Keokuk, Iowa, preaching the ded icatory sermon. In the following spring, Rev. J. A. Edie gave up his charge as pastor of the congregation, preached his farewell sermon on the 5th of May, 1878, and removed with his family the same spring to New Brighton, Pennsylvania. Since Bro. Edie left, the congregation have been without a settled pastor, but have had occasional supplies, and are at pres ent (May, 1879) making an effort, and will probably sueceed in securing the services of Rev. J. V. Pringle, of Pana, Illinois. There are at this date, May, 1879, eighty-two members. Since the congregation was organized, twenty-eight have died, eight of whom were of the original members; six of the original members remain. There have been fifty-two dismissed by certificate, six have left without certificate nine have been suspended, three of whom have been restored to the privileges of the church. conclusion. 971 CHRISTIAN CHURCH, PLEASANT VIEW. Located two and one-half miles southeast of Camp Point, organ ized April 24, 1&35, with eleven members. John Foster and David Hobbs were chosen Elders; Daniel Walker, Deacon; Nicholas Hobbs, Clerk. Their first meeting house was erected in the year 1847; the one now occu pied was built in 1873, at a cost of about three thousand dollars, including the foundation. The churches of the same order at Camp Point and Clay ton have both largely grown out of this. Consequently the present mem bership is only about one hundred. There is a Sunday school, composed of the members and neighbors and their children, perhaps one hundred in number. About two hundred dollars per annum are raised for church purposes. Elder A. P. Stewart, of Mt. Sterling, 111, labors for the church in word and doctrine. Present officers are as follows: John A. Hoke, John S. Seaton, John E. Lowe, Elders; Henry M. Lewis and Daniel Omer, Deacons. CHRISTIAN CHURCH AT URSA, Was organized as the Bear Creek Christian Church, in February, 1833, and continued as such until 1840, when it was changed to the name of The Ursa Church. The following members were instrumental in the organiza tion of the church: Elder Jessee Bowles and wife, Stephen Ruddle, wife and daughter; Sarah Crawford, Miss Stephenson, Miss Lyttle and Elizabeth Stone, all of the above deceased. Among the first preachers were Stephen Ruddle, Jessee Bowles, John Clark and Lewis Hatchet. All have crossed over to the other shore but the latter, Brother Hatchet, who still survives. The church was organized with seven members, which were gradually increased to about 200, but some have died, others moved away, until, at the present time, there are only about sixty. The present preacher is Brother Yates, and the elders are Wm. McAdams, John Denson and George Walker. Church building valued at $3,000. Sunday school every Sab bath, well attended, and' run by the members of the Christian Church and their children. 03806 3492