YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

NOTES ON THE

CHURCHES OF DERBYSHIRE.

NOTES

ON THE

<|§£IPrgFS of itPFbQSglFF.

J. CHARLES COX.
I , '
Member of the Uritish ArchceoUtgical Association, F.R.Il.S., etc.

VOL. I .
THE HUNDRED OF SCARSDALE. /
WITH TUIKTEEN' HliLIOTYPE- PLATES AND NUMKROUS OTHER ILLUSTKAXXONS.

TIME CONSECKATKS ;
AND WHAT JS GRAY WITH AGE BECOMES RI5LIGION.'' Schiller,

CHESTERFIELD :
PALMER AND EDMUNDS,
LONDON: BEMROSE AND SONS, lo, PATERNOSTER
BUILDINGS; AND DERBY.

MDCCCLX.XV.

THESE PAGES AEE DEDICATED
TO
THE REV. J. H. JENKINS, B.A.,
VICAE OF HAZELWOOD,
AS A SlVtALL EXPEESSION OF THE HIGH BSTEEJltf
AND AFFECTION
WITH WHICH HE IS EEGAEDED BT
THE AUTHOE.

INTRODUCTION.

S these preliminary paragraphs are essential to the right
understanding of the scope and purport of the following
pages, and as they also contain information which is
common to every church in the Hundred of Scarsdale, it is to be
hoped that they will not be treated in the perfunctory fashion
which is too often the fate of prefaces and introductions.
When I first commenced to write the " Notes on the Churches
of Derbyshire " for the colurans of the Derbyshire Times, I had
not the slightest idea of their reproduction. But after a con
siderable number had appeared, it was suggested to me from
several quarters that it might be well if they were reprinted in a
compendious form. The proprietors of the Derbyshire Titnes
cordially concurred in this suggestion, and the result was that I
undertook to re- write and extend the articles, commencing with
those relating to the Eastern Division of the County.
This necessitated a far more careful treatment of the subject
than had been originally bestowed, and my endeavours to exhaust
all reliable sources of information, and to substantiate every
statement, have involved a much greater expenditure of time and
trouble than was anticipated. This must be my excuse for the
delay which has occurred in the production of this volume, an
excuse which will not be available. for the conclusion of the work,
as the ground that has been already traversed has given me
opportunities of collecting no little material relative to every
church in the county.
Althouo-h articles on all the churches described in this volume,
(with the exception of one or two of the less important chapelries,)
appeared in the Derbyshire Times, ^it will be found that very
nearly two-thirds of the pages are entirely new or completely re
written.

Vlll DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
It has been my aim to gather together, in a condensed and
available form, all that relates to the early history of the ancient
churches and chapelries of the county, excluding as rigidly as
possible that which had no immediate bearing on the subject.
It was found necessary in many cases, not only for the elucidation
of arms and monuments, but also in connection with the history
of the advowsons, to pay some little attention to the manorial
records of the different parishes. In these cases, although the
published volumes of Pilkington and Davies, of Lysons and
Glover (together with numerous other works incidental to the
history of the county) were always consulted, yet no statement
has been accepted simply on their authority, but the basis of
their assertions has been sought out, to be verified or corrected,
and numerous fresh particulars have been brought to light which
had escaped their observation. For this purpose the very ex
tensive series of publications, issued by the Record Commission,
commencing in tha year 1800, has been thoroughly searched.
These cumbersome publications, especially the earlier ones, are
usually only to be found in public libraries, but, whilst writing
these pages, I was fortunate enough to be able to secure a nearly
complete series, that had belonged to the late Master of the Rolls
(Lord Romilly), which are the more valuable from occasional
corrections made, I believe, by his lordship's hand. I have thus
been enabled to make a much freer and more coraplete use of
these returns than would otherwise have been possible.
The transcripts and abstracts of the Close, Patent, Fine. Pipe,
Charter, Quo Warranto, and Hundred Rolls, as well as the Testa
de Nevill, have been diligently examined ; but information has
been more specially obtained from the two series of Inquisitions,
in connection with which a brief explanation will not be out of
place. The Inquisitiones post Mortem, or (as theyare sometimes
termed) Escheats, commencing in the early part of the reign of
Henry III., were taken by virtue of writs directed to the Escheator
of the district, to summon a jury, who were to inquire on oath
what lands any person died seized of, by what rents or services
the same were held, who was the next heir, and of what age ; also
whether the tenant was attainted of treason, or an alien, in which
case the lands passed into the king's hands. The Inquisitiones
ad Quod Damnum, commencing in the first year of Edward II.

INTRODUCTION. IX
were taken by virtue of writs directed to the Escheator of the
district, when any grant of a market, fair, or other privilege, or
when any license of alienation of lands was solicited, to inquire
of a jury whether such grant or alienation would be prejudicial
to the king or others. By a singular blunder, a large number of
the latter class of Inquisitions were included by the Record
Commissioners in the former series ; but this error is not corrected
in these pages, as the documents are arranged at the Public
Record Office in accordance with the classification of the Com
missioners, and a correction of the title would confuse anyone
desirous of consulting the originals. In a considerable number of
instances, in fact in all where there could be the least doubt as to
the full meaning or accuracy of the transcript or abstract, the
original documents have been consulted ; and the reason why
I have been careful to give the references in detail in the foot
notes, has not been to make any display of research, but in
order that any one, interested in a particular parish, might be
able with ease to consult the special Inquisition or other docu
ment, or to obtain a full official copy from the Public Record
Office. The nature of these Inquisitions, and the information
likely to be found in them, may be gathered from the instances
quoted in extevso in the Appendix.
Brief mention must also be made of another class of documents
bearing immediately on the history of the benefices, the chief
of them being tho Taxation Roll of Pope Nicholas IV., the Valor
Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII., the various documents, relative to
the Chantries and Church Goods of the date of tlie Reforma
tion, and the Parliamentary Survey of 1650.
Pope Nicholas IV. (to whose predecessors in the See of Rome
the first-fruits and tenths of all ecclesiastical benefices had for
a long time been paid), granted the tenths, in 1288, to Edward
I. for six years, towards defraying the expenses of a Crusade ;
and, that they might be collected to their full value, the King
caused a valuation roll to be drawn up, which was completed (so
far as the province of Canterbury was concerned) in 1291, under
the direction of John, Bishop of Winchester, and Oliver, Bishop
of Lincoln. There are two copies of this Taxation Roll at the
Public Record Office, both of which appear to have been written
in the reign of Henry VI., and there is a third of much greater

X DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
antiquity amongst the Cottonian MSS. of the British Museum.
These three copies were collated, and printed in 1802, with the
various readings, by the Record Commission. At the dispersion
of the Savile MSS., another Taxation Roll of the benefices, taken
in 1292 — 3, was sold, -and appears to have passed into private
hands. I have not been able to trace it, but it was stated at the
time of the sale that the value of the benefices was about one-
third more than that given in 1291. The part relating to the
Hundred of Scarsdale, will be found in the copy amongst the
Cottonian MSS., under Tiberius C.X., folio 259b., and on page
246 of the Record Commissioners' publication. I prefer to
give the reference here, once for all, so as to save all needless
repetitions in the foot notes ; and the same remark is appli
cable to the other documents now under consideration.
The Taxation of Pope Nicholas held good, and all the
taxes from the benefices, as well to our Kings as to the Popes,
were regulated by it until the twenty-seventh year of Henry
VIIL, when a new survey was completed. This took place
on the eve of the Reforraation, when the first-fruits and tenths
ceased to be forwarded to Rome, and were transferred to the
public exchequer of the nation. This transference held good,
except for a short period during the reign of Philip and
Mary ; in 1703 the receipts were appropriated, under the
title of Queen Anne's Bounty, to the augmentation of the
smaller livings. The original returns used to lie at the old
First Fruits Office, but are now with the rest of the Public
Records in Fetter Lane. These returns were published in
detail by the Record Commission, in six large folio volumes.
They contain so many interesting particulars that no excuse
is necessa,ry for having quoted them in full. The entries will
be found in the text itself, under the different churches ; with
the exception of those preceding Chesterfield, which are given
in the Appendix. It should be recollected by those consulting
the Valor Ecclesiasticus, that in the case of a vicarage, further
details relative to the rectory will probably be found under
the particular monastery to which the greater tithes had been
appropriated. The following is the introductory paragraph from the Valor

INTRODUCTION. XI
relative to the Deanery of Chesterfield, with the names of the
Commissioners for that district : —
"DECANATUS DE CHESTEEFELDB.
" Coventre et Liobfeld Dioc' in Com' Derbie et in Archidiaconatu Derbie predioto.
Veri Annul distinct! pleni ac clari Valores omnium Monesteriorum Dignitatum
Bectoviarum Vicariarum Cantariarum. ac aliavura promotionam Bpiritualium ibidem,
una cum earum deductionibus per Statutum inde editum et provisum allocatis, ut
plenius patet per billas sive scripta incumbentinm per sacramentum eorumdem
coram nobis Godfrido Foliambe Milite, Francisco Cokayn, Johanne Leeke, et
Edwardo Eyre, armigeris, ao domini Regis ibidem Commissionariis exhibita apud
Brampton vicesimo die mensia Mail anno regni domini Regis Henrici Octavi Fidei
Defensoris -Domini Hibernie et in terra Supremi Capitis Anglicane Ecclesic vicesimo
septimo." The Deanery of Chesterfield coriesponds almo.st exactly in
area with the Hundred of Scarsdale; in fact it was termed in
1291, "Decanatus Scarvesdale." The only extracts given in these
pages from the Valor, which are not taken from the Deanery
of Chesterfield, are those relating to the Chapelries of Dethick
and Lea, which are there entered under the Deanery of Ash
bourne. About ten years after the completion of this last Survey,
Henry VIII. decided on appropriating the revenues belonging
to Colleges and Chantries. As a preliminary measure to their
sale, he appointed a Commission, in the 37th year of his
reign, to re- value this property, and to take an inventory of the
chattels. The particular heads under which the Commissioners
had to classify their returns, are specified in the Appendix to the
Chapelry of Dethick. The whole subject of the suppression of
the Chantries, as conceived in the reign of Henry VIII. and
finally carried out in the reign of Edward VL, is most ably and
exnausrively dealt with, in the introduction to the volumes of
the Cheetham Society which treat of the Lancashire Chantries.
The reports, or "Certificates," furnished by Henry VIII.'s Com
mission with respect to the different chantries, are preserved at
the Public Record Office, and consist of rolls of parchment with
the answers arranged in eight parallel columns. Roll No. 13
includes the counties of Nottinghamshire and De'rbyshire ;
that portion relatihg to Derbyshire occupies seven large skins
written on both sides. The initial clause of this roll, giving the
names of the Commissioners for these Counties, is as follows : —
•^The Certificate off Sir John Markeham, Knighte, William Cow
per, Nicholas Powtrell Esquyers, and John Wyseman, Gentil-

Xll DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
man. Corny ssioners of our Souvereygn Lorde the Kynge in the
Counties beforesaid of and for the survey of all Chauntries,
Hospitalles, CoUegies, Free Chapelles, Fraternities, Brotherheds,
Guyldes, and salaries of stipendarie prists within the said
Counties accordyng to Certeyn Articles herunder written by
the vertue of the Kings Maiesties Comyssion to them directed,
dated the xiiij day of the monythe of Februarye in the xxxvij
yere of the Rey,gn of our said moste dradde souvereygn Lord
Henrye the viij of the grace of God of Ynglonde Fraunce and
Yrelonde Kinge Defender of the faithe and in erthe under God
of the Church of Englonde and Irelonde the Supreme hede, As
hereafter more playnelye apperithe."
There is also a second '' Roll," or rather paper book. No. 14,
which is merely an abstract of the previous one. It contains,
however, most of the important points of the original, and is the
one from which the Rev. Mackenzie Walcott supplied a list of
the Derbyshire Chantries to the Reliquary (No. 41, October,
1870). I have, for the sake of brevity, made use for the
most part of the condensed roll, but have not unfrequently
quoted from the fuller record, both in the text and the notes, and
have also given more than one transcript at length from Roll No.
13 in the Appendix, so that an idea may be formed as to the
amount of information they respectively contain. There are also
manuscript volumes containing " Particulars for the sale of Col-
ledges and Chantries," from which an additional item may
occasionally be gleaned, and the same Office contains the In
ventories of Church Goods taken in the reign of Edward VI ; but
nothing more need here be said of the Inventories, as none of
those relating to the churches of East Derbyshire appear to have
been preserved. '
The Library of Lambeth Palace contains a most interesting
series of ecclesiastical documents of the time of the Common
wealth. In pursuance of various Ordinances of the Parliament,
a complete survey of the possessions of Bishops, of Deans and
Chapters, and of all benefices, was made in 1650 by specially
appointed Commissioners. The original surveys were trans
mitted to the Trustees nominated for the management of this
property, who held their meetings at a house in Broad Street,
m the City, where these documents remained until after the

INTRODUCTION. Xlll
Restoration. On the ISth May, 1662, these Surveys were handed
over to the Archbishop of Canterbury, " who is .desired to take
care for the preservation thereof, and to dispose of the same to the
respective Bishops, Deans, and Chapters, who are therein con
cerned, if he shall think fit." Some of the returns, in accordance
with this order, were dispatched to the Sees of which they
respectively treated, but the great bulk of them have remained
at Lambeth Palace to the present day, where they are bound up
in twenty-one large folio volumes, numbered in the catalogue of
MSS. from 902 to 922. The whole of the Derbyshire Survey
is here, and is contained in the sixth of these volumes. That
part relating to the Hundred of Scarsdale extends from page 450
to 477.
The following preliminary note to this portion of the Survey
gives the names of the Commissioners and Jury for the Hun
dred ; the details of each benefice, including the character of
the clergyman, as it appeared in the eyes of the Roundheads, are
given under each of the churches.
" The Inquisition was taken at Chesterfield on the 14th
of June, 1650, before the following Commissioners : — Thomas
Saunders, Lyonell Fanshaw, Francis Revell, William WoUey,
Edward Manlove, Nathaniel Barton, "William Bothe, John Spate-
man, Hugh Bateman, and Robert Hoghe. A jury of thirteen
' good and lawfull men of the Hundred of Scarsdale ' were sworn
to make the returns, viz., William Newton, Godfrey Watkinson,
John Bunting, Richard Hodgkinson, Robert Bowman, William
Blythe, John Richardson, George Stubbins, Godfrey Stubbins,
Robert Ross, Thomas Curtiss, John Clay, and Thomas Ludlam."
County historians, as well as ecclesiologists, appear for the
most part to have overlooked these surveys ; though occasional
extracts have been taken from a much abbreviated and in
accurate summary, based on these documents, which forms No.
459 of the Lansdowne MSS. in the British Museum. The Lam
beth Library also contains many of the original presentations to
benefices made during the Commonwealth (MSS. 944—947) ;
two of these relating to the Hundred of Scarsdale — Shiriand and
WhitweU — are quoted in this volume. It is singular that com
paratively so little use is made of this fine library and its unique
collection of manuscripts, especially, as it is now open to the

XIV DKRUYSIUKE CllUK'CHKS.
pulilic on throe days in the week. I iini glad of lliis opporUiuity
of ackiiowliHlgiiig my iudobtodiiesH to Mr. S. W. Korsliaw, M.A.,
tlio courteous librarian.
In that grandest of all literary stovelioUHes, the Hi'itish
iMuscuui, there is an abundance of unpublisheil material relativo
to this county. Iu M,dditioii to the iulbrnia-tiou scattei'ed up
aud dowu through the (V)ltonia.ii, Lansdowne, and llarKuiiii
Collections, there a,re also several minor collections, trea-tiiic
Mioro specifically of the county of Derby, and which are all
included iu the very wide class of "Addilional MSS."
My object in this introduction, as 1 havo already stated, being
to enable otlun-s readily to follow up the subject if so disjiosed,
I will very lirielly refer to tho volumes containing inlbrniation
with respect to the churches. It is tho more important to do
so, as none of the smaller collections, except the Wolley, lu'o
indexed; or there might even be a tedious search throu;;li tho
catalogues for the collection itself The largo collection, forniud
by Mr. Adam Wolley, of Matlock, for a- projected county history,
at the close of last century, and dui'ing the ea,rly yea-rs of the
))reseiit one, is comjirisud in over lifiy volumes, IVoni GGGG to
6718 of the Add. MSS. Theso volumes, bequeathed in 1828, are
only index(ul after au imperfect fa,shiou; those containing
the most inl'onnation rcisjKH'ting the churches are GGGG to GG?.')
iuclusiv(^, and G7()l, which is tho volmuc ot' eliunth notes takm
by Mr. li-eynolds, of Plaistow, about the yeai' I7')0.
Tho Rev. Alfrcul Suckling took some notes of a few Derbysliiro
churehe,s, with the arms blazoned in colours, and other accurate
sketches, in the sumnnir of 1823; these will bo found in Add.
MSS. 18,478, and 18,479.
The Colleeta,ne;i ilunt(ulaiiea,, of the historian of ilallamshire,
purchased by the British iMu.seuni, in I8G2, comiiriso niauy
volumes, but Iho.se conn(.u-ted with this subject aro numbered
Add. MSS. 24,41.7; 24,4G0; and2t,4(i(i.
Mr. Sainu<-1 Mil.ehell, of Shelfidd, who issue<l a prospectus, ia
lar-r,, ofa History ofthe llui,dreds of High Leak and Scarsdale,
but who died, in LS(;9, without a,ec,,nip]ishilig his obje(^t, be
queathed his coUectious to the Briiish Museuni; ,i o„,ni deal of
eonden.sud iuronnutioii, clnelly .elaLing to l.he cliurches of tllO

IXTKOnUCTlON. XV
High Peak, will be found in Add. MSS. 28,111, aud there are
some most useful pedigrees iu 28,113.
The whole of the manuscript collections, upon which the
Messi^ Lysons based thoir Magna Britannia, are also in tlie
ilusoum. Some of the volumes consist entirely of correspondence,
addressed to theni by the clergy and othoi-s from the different
parishes, those relating to Derbyshire being numbered Add. ilSS.
942o — 9425. No. 9448 will also be found to be worth con
sulting, as Messi-s. Lysons did not avail themselves in their
printed works of all the material that they had gathered together.
No, 94C3 possesses special interest, as it consists entirely of Derby
sliiro diurch notes, with frequent pencil sketches oT architectural
details. This vast horde of MSS. also contiiins some of the eai-liest, as
well as the latest, information of value to the eeclesiologist.
Amongst the former, may be mentioned various copies of the
ancient Moujistic Chartularies, whidi I have in all available cases
consulted, whenever they bore upon the churched under con-
sidenuion; these are chiefly to be found iu the Cottonian Library.
(There is analplialxnicAl list of tbe Chartularies iu Add. 5ISS. 51U1,
as well as a more exhaustive one in the first two volumes of
Nichols' CoUecttinfo.) Of the latter, tlie interesting collection of
original Briefe, firom 1754 down to their abolition, in 18i8, should
not be forgotten. This collection wsis presented to the iluseum,
in 1820, by ilr. J. Stevenson S;dt, and contains many particu
lars relative to the rebuilding of Derbyshire churches, but a
more complete list will be found amongst the Derbyshire County
recinds now in process of ari-angement
The H:uleian MSS. abound in Heraldic Visitations. The
^%itatioiis of berbyshire, in 1569 and 1G12, cont;iiu numerous
church notes, and diflferent copies of them will be found under
HarL MSS. 1,093, 1,4SG. I,.'i37, 5,S0i), aud 6,820 ; but the fullest
church notes are contained in number G,502. This volume is
Wyrloys copy of Flowers Visitation of 15G9, with additions
taken by himself, iu 1592 ; aud all that relates to tlie churches of
tlie Hundred of Scarsdale is given verbatim in the followiug
piages. No small trouble has been taken to ideutifv the various
coats of arms mentioned in the difterentVisitatious, aud to account
for Uieir former presence in tiieir respective church windows.

xvi DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
The mention of tbe Visitations brings me to the College of
Arms ; and I would here wish to acknowledge the rare privilege
accorded to me, of thoroughly examining Dr. Pogge's Collections,
and the Church Notes of Francis Bassano. Lysons makes a few
quotations from the latter, but, with that exception, his notes
(taken about 1710 and treating of almost every church in the
county) have not in any way been hitherto made public. The
collections of that excellent Derbyshire antiquary. Dr. Samuel
Pegge, are comprised in eight folio volumes of very closely
written manuscript. These volumes, too, have been but very
sparsely consulted up to the present time, though a brief analysis
of the contents of each volume was given in the third volume of
Nichols' Collectanea. The first four volumes contain parochial
Ilistory, alphabetically arranged, the fifth, parochial miscellanies,
the sixth, Derbyshire biography and pedigrees, and the seventh
and eighth, miscellaneous papers, chiefly relating to the same
county. These have all been gone carefully through, page by
page, and I believe that nothing of importance, relating to the
fabric or history of the churches, has escaped me.
The multitudinous collections of the diligent Dodsworth, in
the Bodleian Library at Oxford, are in a great measure derived
from the National Records ; and, now that the originals are so
easily accessible to the public, these compilations are, to no small
extent, superseded. Moreover, Mr. Samuel Mitchell collected the
cream of them, so far as Derbyshire is concerned, and Mr. Henry
Kirke pablished in the Reliquary, for April, 1872, all the Church
Notes of this county, with but few exceptions, that can be thence
gleaned. The Ashmolean MSS. contain various Heraldic Visita
tions, amongst others. Flower's Visitation of Derbyshire in 1569,
which is numbered 793, but this is the same as in the Harleian
MSS. The most interesting feature of this collection, in connec
tion with our subject, is number 854, which contains the Church
Notes of Elias Ashmole, taken in Derbyshire, in 1662. He only
visited two churches mentioned in these pages, Chesterfield and
Staveley, but there is much in connection with the churches of
other parts of the county. I had the pleasure of a leisurely
inspection of these latter notes at the house of Mr. John Joseph
Briggs, of King's Newton, who possesses a manuscript copy.
This gentleman, who so generously placed his library at my

INTRODUCTION. XVII
service, will perhaps pardon me for congratulating him on the
possession of so unique a series of local literature. Not only
does Mr. Briggs possess a copy of Elias Ashmole's Visitation, but
also of Philip Kinder's quaint outline sketch of Derbyshire
history, from the same librarj^ and of William Wolley's History,
completed in 1712, the original of which is at the College of
Arms. And no other word than magnificent can do justice to
the various volumes, rich in original sketches of the greatest
fidelity, gorgeous in binding, and briUiant with the illuminator's
art, which treat of the abbeys, castles, crosses, but more
especially of the monuments of Derbyshire.
Had these pages aimed at an exhaustive treatment of the
subject, it would have been well to comply with the suggestions
that reached us from more than one quarter, of including the
detailed description of every monument within the churches,
down to the present tirae. But the great addition that would
thus be made to the size of the volumes, and consequent increase
in their price, precluded my taking this into consideration, even
if there had been no other objection ; for I found, after careful
calculation, that a simple transcript of all the interior monumen
tal inscriptions of the churches of Scarsdale would in itself cover
more than 500 pages of the size of the present volume. It was
necessary to draw the line at some definite point, and I have
drawn it at that epoch, nearly corresponding with the conclusion
of Henry VIII.'s reign, when the Renaissance style commenced.
But there is no rigid adherence to this rule when anything
specially remarkable in a later monument seems to demand
comment or description. I have also made an exception in
every case with monuments that have disappeared or have been
defaced. All information with respect to such monuments, of
whatever date, which can be gleaned from competent sources, is
here included.
It has been with no little diffidence that I have treated of the
Architectural Periods,, as displayed in the construction of the
respective churches, for there is considerable difference of opinion,
even amongst the most competent ecclesiologists, with respect
to the different epochs of " transition," when the styles are wont
to overlap one another. I think, however, that it will be found
that I have not expressed myself with too great confidence, in

XVlll DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
assigning dates to any details of doubtful chronology ; if I have
erred, it has not been for lack of consulting the best authorities, such
as Rickman, Bloxam, Willis, Pugin, Parker, Brandon, Fergusson,
and Sharpe, nor for lack of a wide-spread , personal knowledge of
our parish churches in different parts of England, which is of far
more value than the closest study of books or engravings. As
it is hoped that this volume and its successors will be books of
popular reference in the county, I have confined myself to the
simple and generally known divisions of English architecture,
originally adopted by Mr. Rickman, viz., (1) the Saxon, from 800
to 1066 ; (2) the Xorman, from 1066 to 1145 ; (3) the Early
English, from 1145 to 1272 ; (4) the Decorated, from 1272 to
1377 ; and (5) the Perpendicular, from 1377 to 1509. These
divisions are generally accepted as sufficing for popular puposes ;
but of the more detailed and technical divisions of later writers,
there are none so correct in nomenclature, and so accurate in the
separation of style, as the seven periods of Mr. Edmund Sharpe.
The first and second of his periods are the same as given above ;
but the third is styled the Transitional, from 1145 to 1190 ; the
fourth the Lancet, from 1190 to 1245 ; the fifth the Geometrical,
from 1245 to 1315 ; the sixth the Curvilinear, from 1315 to
1360; and the seventh the Rectilinear, from 1360 to 1550. It
is much to be wished that our various archisological and archi
tectural societies could come to some understanding by which
the use of such terms as "Decorated" and "Perpendicular" might
be abandoned for a more expressive and accurate^nomenclature;
but, until this is done, it is not to be expected that they will be
forsaken in a work like the present. The same reason that has
caused me to retain these terms, has also induced me to give a
brief glossary of some of the technical expressions used in these
pages, which are as few and as simple as necessity would admit.
Owing to the profusion of proper names, and the frequent use
of old-fashioned orthography, a volume Hke this is peculiarly
liable to errors, attributable to either author or printer ; but I
had hoped, by care, to avoid "the necessity of any list of errata,
and to have contented myself with reproducing the following
couplet, addressed to the reader, which I found the other day in
a work just two centuries old : —
"This pen bath had its fanJts, the Printer, too;
All-men whilst here do erre, aud so may you."

INTRODUCTION. XIX
But indisposition of long continuance caused the correction of
proofs to be more than once interrupted, and necessitated much
of it being accomplished when away from home and from all
books of reference. This must be my apology for the length of
both Addenda et Corrigenda.
It is mournful to think that several of those to whom I was
under obligations in the production of these pages are now no
more. Of these may be mentioned the Rev. George Antrobus,
vicar of Beighton, who was specially interested in the account of
his own and adjacent churches ; and that eminent genealogist,
Mr. William Swift, of Sheffield, who was not more distinguished
for the accuracy of his knowledge, than for his generosity in
transmitting it to others engaged in similar pursuits.
I have acknowledged my indebtedness for specific pieces of
information to various ladies and gentlemen in the notes to the
text, but I desire here to thank the clergy generally for the
promptness and courtesy with which they have responded (with
a single exception) to my inquiries for information with regard
to their respective churches. My thanks are also specially due
to Mr. S. RoUinson, architect, of Chesterfield, who has so success
fully carried out the careful restoration of several of the Scarsdale
churches ; and to Mr. Llewellynn Jewitt, F.S.A., the editor of
that invaluable shrine of the treasures of the past, the Reliquary.
With respect to the illustrations, I wish, in the first place, to
state that it is owing to the kindness of Mr. Jewitt, in lending
several of the cuts from his admirable series of papers on the
Church Bells of Derbyshire (now appearing in the Reliquary),
that I am able to present my readers with a plate containing
several of the most striking bell-founders' marks to be found on
the Scarsdale bells. The remainder of the illustrations are all
originals. The thirteen heliotypes are from plates by that well-
known photographer, Mr. Keene, of Derby, specially taken for this
work ; and my thanks are due to my brother-in-law. Captain W.
de W. Abney, R.E., a director of the Heliotype Company, for the
trouble he has taken ia connection with their reproduction.
The rest of the plates have been produced by Messrs. Bemrose
and Sons' process of Fac-simile Printing, from drawings by
Mr. Bailey and others, a process which seems peculiarly suited for
the illustration of architectural details. With such an abundance

XX DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
of delicate and beautiful illustrations of mediseval architecture, as
is afforded by the Scarsdale churches, it was a difficult and in
vidious task to select those objects most worthy of reproduction ;
but I would fain hope that the number, as well as the quality of
the plates, will prove satisfactory, especially when the price of the
volume is taken into consideration.
The time has happily long since gone by when any apology
was expected for writing on antiquarian subjects. In fact only
those who are prepared to attack the whole science of history,
can afford to sneer at the most painstaking researches in even
the humblest of her bye-paths. For what is even national
history but an aggregate of small details ? And who can deny
an important place in our national history to the churches of our
once common faith ? Critics may very possibly detect in these
pages errors of omission or commission, which have escaped my
attention, and I shall be only too glad to have all such mistakes
pointed out either publicly or privately. But it is only those
occupied in similar studies who can form a just idea of the
time and trouble that is. requisite for an investigation of this
description, and I am confident that they will not deny me the
satisfaction of admitting the thoroughness of my efforts to gain
veracious information. Yet it would be idle to pretend that this
expenditure of time has been of the nature of a task. It has, on
the contrary, been an enjoyable relaxation from other pursuits,
and the writing of the last word of this volume would cause me
a pang of regret if it were not that I am already engaged in the
succeeding portions of the work. A writer of last century truly
remarks, " there is an exquisite pleasure in rescuing the memory
of past days from the dust scattered over it by time, of which
none but those engaged in the pursuits can have any idea."
J. CHARLES COX.
Hazelwood, November, 1875.

?ilp

f QnbFFii of Irapsbfik

xxiu

CONTENTS.

PAGE
ALFEETON  8
BmniNGS  14
ASHOVBE  17
DETHICK  38
LEA  47
BAELBOEOUGH  51
BAELOW  63
BEAUCHIEP ABBEY ...  73
BEIGHTON  83
BLACKWELL  93
BOLSOVEE  99
BEAMPTON  109
CHESTEEFIELD  121
BRIMINGTON  176
NEWBOLD   178
TEMPLE NOKMANTON  ,  182
WALTON  188
CLOWN  193
DEONPIELD  201
HOLMESFIBLD  215
DOEE  218
ECKINGTON  221
ELMTON  '  235
HAULT HUCKNALL  241
HEATH  *.  253
KILLAMAESH  261

XXIV DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
LANGWITH  267
MOETON  273
BRACKENFIELD  277
NOEMANTON, SOUTH  283
NOETON  291
PINXTON  303
PLEASLEY  311
SmREBBOOK  317
SCAECLIFFE  321
SHIELAND  331
STAVELEY  345
SUTTONTN-THE-DALE  367
DUCKMANTON  378
TIBSHELF  883
WHITWELL  391
steetley  399
WHITTINGTON  405
WINFIELD, NOETH  415
WINFIELD, SOUTH  437
LINBEBY  445
WINGEEWOETH  449
APPENDIX  459
GLOSSAEY  481
INDEX OF PEESONS  487
INDEX OP PLACES  493

xxv

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE
Chesterfield Church, s. w  (frontispiece).
Alpketon Church, the porch  '. .. 3
AsHovER Church, e  17
Dethick Chapel, w  88
BoLSOVER Church, s. e  99
Chesterfield, details of the ebrbdos  138
Bell-foundbes' Marks  170
1. The mark of Ealph Heathcote (this mark appears at Dronfield and
ScarcliSe). 2. The mark attributed, but probably in error, to Richard
Mellour (Bolsover, Dronfield, Morton, and Shiriand). 3. The mark of
Gilbert Heathcote ; this engraving is from a bell at Beeley, but it was
formerly on the large bell of the old peal at Chesterfield. 4. The mark
of Henry Oldfield (Blackwell, Bolsover, Clown, Dronfield, and Hault
Hucknall). 5. The mark of George Oldfield (Ashover, Bolsover, Hault
Hucknall, South Normanton, and North Winfield).
Dronfield Church, the chancel, s  201
The Sedilia of Dronfield and Whitwell  202
Eckington Church, w  221
Hault Hucknall Church, s.w  241
Hault Hucknall, norman tympanum, and portion of old screen... 243
Heath, incised slab in the old pobch  257
The fonts of Ashover, Norton, Staveley, and North Winfield 292
Shirland Church, s. e  331
Whitwell Church, w. doorway  391
Steetley Chapel, interior e  399
Steetley Chapel, details of chancel arch  40 1
North Winfield Church, s. e  415
The apse of Steetley ; north doorway, Ashover ; and window
op north aisle, North Winfield  422

Ifppl^on

llii&bings.

O-j

'"^

'V;

\

Stlfppfon,

iJHE earliest mention of Alfreton is in the charter of
endowment of Burton Abbey by Wulfric Spott, in the
year 1002, when the manor, or a portion of it, was
bestowed upon that monastery.* But at the time of the Domes
day Survey, which appears from internal evidence to have not
been completed in Derbyshire till 1087, the lands at Alfreton had
reverted into lay hands, and were held by Ingram under Eoger
de Busli. The Domesday Book contains no reference to a church
at Alfreton, aud the first notice of one occurs at the endowment
of Beauchief Abbey in the reign of Henry ll.f This Abbey
was founded, between the years 1172 and 1176, by Eobert Fitz
Eanulph, who was lord of Alfreton and Norton. He gave to the
Abbey the churches of Alfreton and Norton, in Derbyshire,
Edwalton § in Nottinghamshire, and' Wimeswold in Leicestershire.
Eobert Fitz Eanulph was immediately descended from Ingram, and
his descendants subsequently adopted the name of their principal
manor of Alfreton. We cannot discover any details of the church,
as it now exists, that would connect it with the early Norman
era, or that could be assigned to an earlier date than the latter
end of the twelfth century, and we may therefore fairly assume
that Eobert Fitz Eanulph was himself the founder of the church
that he bestowed on tlie Premonstratensian Canons of Beauchief.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Martin, consists of a nave,
side aisles, south porch, western tower, and chancel, with a vestry
on the north side. Seven years ago it underwent a considerable
restoration and enlargement, but two engravings, uow before us,
* Thorpe's Diplomatarium Anglicum l^vi Saxonici, pp. 543 — 9.
f The Chartulary of Beauchief Abbey was in the possession of Eichard Davies, of
Lanerch, Denbighshire, in 1790. There is a copy of it amongst Pegge's MS. Collec
tions, vol. 7, pp. 89—180.
§ " Bdwaldeston " or " Edwaldyston," as it is written in the charters, has been
translated by Lysons, Glover, &o., into Blvaston, in Derbyshire ; but there seems
no doubt that Edwalton, in Nottinghamshire, is the correct rendering, more especially
as the church of Blvaston belonged to the priory of Shelford.

4 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
enable us to form a cursory judgment of its appearance prior to
the alterations. One of these is from the Gentleman's Magazine for
1785, and the other is a woodcut in Glover's Histori; of Derbyshire,
published in 1833. Both of these give a south-east view of the
church, though under the former, by a .strange perversity of the
printer, is " Alfreton, N.E." At the time of the restoration the
north aisle was entirely rebuilt and considerably widened ; an extra
bay was added to the east end of the nave and to both the side
aisles ; and the chancel, in order to retain its former size, was
extended to a corresponding distance. The roof of the nave was
also raised to a high pitch, having formerly been almost flat.
Some of the old tie-beams were removed to Nottingham, and have
been utilized in constructing the entrance to the Children's Hospital
in that town. The engravings show that there was formerly an
entrance to the south aisle, at the east end, at the top of a flight
of steps, leading, we suppose, to a loft or gallery.
On entering the church, it appears that one of the oldest
portions is the archway from the nave into the tower. It is a
high, narrow archway, of the style technically termed " stilted,"
i.e., the centre, or point from which the curve of the arch is
struck, is above the Une of the impost or capitals, and the
mouldings between these two levels are continued vertically.
Stilted arches are of unfrequent occurrence, and axe usuaUy met
with at the end of the Norman style or beginning of the Early
EngUsh. This pointed archway, from the mouldings of its capitals,
may certainly be attributed to the Early English period, but quite
at the commencement of that style. The moulding of the south
capital shows the nail-head ornament, whilst that on the
north side has the same, but under it the addition of a weU-
defined cable-pattern moulding. The old chancel arch had, we
were told, some traces of Early EngUsh work about it, but the
oidy other memorial of that period now apparent is the head of a
sepulchral cross, found under the pavement of the chancel during
the alterations, and -which now occupies a conspicuous position in
the external waU below the east window of the chancel It is the
upper portion of an incised slab or coffin Ud, and the device con
sists of a floriated cross within a chcle, the cross being thrown
into reUef by cuttuig away the remaming part of the stone withm
the circle. A precisely simUar pattern to this one may be found
amongst the BakeweU slabs, and also at more than one church m
the county of Nottingham. It belongs to the commencement of

ALFRETON. 5
the thirteenth century, or to the end of the twelfth. This stone
may very possibly have marked the last resting place of the first
interment within the church of Alfreton, perhaps of its first
priest, as only priests or founders found sepulture in the chancel.
Of the Decorated period, the arches separating the nave from
the side aisles afford evidence. These are now five in number on
each side, but the easternmost ones were added in 1868, when
the chancel was put back in order to afford additional accommoda
tion. It was at the same time found necessary to take down the
archways ahd columns between the nave and the north aisle, but they
were restored exactly as before, and the half column or pUaster at
the west end was not disturbed. The columns are circular, sup
ported on octagon bases, and having plainly moulded capitals, below
which they are encircled with a single fillet. Their approximate
date seems to be about 1320. The columns on the south side are
octagon, and both the bases and capitals are of simUar construc
tion ; probably they are some thirty years later than those on the
other side.
The south doorway, which is of a plain character, having no
shafts in the jambs but the moidding of the arch continued down
to the plinth, also belongs to the Decorated period. The outer
doorway of the porch is of a simUar style, but surmounted with a
dripstone terminating in two quaintly carved human heads. Above
the doorway is a boldly projecting moulding or cornice, which
closely resembles in its detaUs some of the work on the spire of
BonsaU church. On the under side of this cornice are four-
leaved flowers and foliage, whUst on the upper margin are a
number of smaU escutcheons. Above this again is a somewhat
elaborately ornamented niche for the patron saint, now tenantless,
adorned with a crocketed canopy and finials. On each side of it
is another smaU shield cut in the centre of a quatrefoU panel.
The interior of the porch stiU shows the old oak timbers of the
roof. The tower is a fair specimen of early Perpendicular work. The
doorway below the west window, with its dripstone and terminals,
might, if taken by itself, be ascribed to the preceding style, and
the fine tracery of the beU- chamber windows partakes of the
Decorated period. But the buttresses, west window, embattled
parapet with its fom- crocketed pinnacles, and general appearance
point distinctly to the later style. It was probably constructed
about the commencement of the fifteenth century.

6

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

The windows of the south aisle afford specimens of the inelegant
tracery occasionaUy produced by, the architects of the Perpendicular
period. They are aU three-light windows in obtusely-pointed arch
ways, and, with the exception of one inserted when the church
was lengthened, remain as they were originaUy designed. It is
evident from the old engravings that the east window of the chan
cel was formerly fiUed with Perpendicular tracery. This window
was renewed about twenty years prior to the general restoration,
and it has now been moved to occupy the position of west window
to the north aisle. The original dripstone with its battered ter
minals stUl surmounts it in its new position. This north aisle, as
has been before remarked, was puUed down during the alterations.
It was of good soUd masonry, but with square-headed wiadows, and
was generaUy supposed to have been rebuUt at the time of the
building of the new haU, which closely adjoins the chmxhyard.
We do not know the precise date of the buUding of the haU, but
Mr. Eeynolds, to whose notes we shaU presently refer, writing in
1758, says : — ¦" The old haU stood in a direct Une betwixt the
present one and the church, at about the middle distance. It was
most of it piiUed down arid the present one begun buUding before
I can remember, but the new haU was finished and the old one
quite demoUshed within my memory." Amongst the masonry of
the north aisle were found fragments of the former windows suffi
cient to prove that it had previously been Ughted in a sumlar style
to the aisle on the opposite side. The square-top clerestory wia
dows, now five in number on each side and fiUed with neat
tracery, appear quite plain in the old engravings. This was
generaUy the fate with clerestory windows of the Perpendicular
period during the era of "Churchwarden" improvements, but it is
not easy to conjecture why there was this special enmity to tracery
in ' the upper wmdows.
A good example of Perpendicular work is afforded by the vestry
on the north side of the chancel. It is entered by a doorway from
the chancel, and its inner area is about fourteen feet by nine. It
is Ughted by two smaU windows — one of two lights at the east end,
and one of a single Ught with a cmquefoU head just opposite the
door. It appears that this window was not formerly glazed, or if
so it was further protected by a shutter, for strong hon hinges
and an iron staple yet remain fixed in the waU. The smaU
windows sometimes found in chancels and vestries, that were for
merly closed with shutters, have given rise to no Uttle archffiologioal

ALFRETOlSr. 7
bickering and dispute, a subject into which we shaU not on this
occasion enter. The roof of this vestry is worthy of note, as it is
arched with stone and rubble work. The ribs of the two transverse
stone arches are plainly shown, but the intervening rubble work
has unfortimately been concealed with plaster. When the white
wash was being cleared from the waUs at the time of the restora
tion, and sound stone substituted for that which was decayed, a
smaU recess was found in the west waU of the vestry completely
buUt up. It contained a large key and some smaU fragments of
rusted iron. -The key is now preserved at the vicarage, and though
of some age does not appear to be of pre-reformation date. The
placing of a key in such a locality can scarcely be accounted for,
except by the supposition that it was the mischievous trick of a
mason employed in some former repairs. The east end of- the
vestry was formerly fiush with the end of the chancel, though the
latter is now carried on some distance beyond. It was found
necessary in the alterations of 1868 to take down aU the chancel,
except that portion of the north waU that formed one side of the
vestry. A moment's inspection shows that the vestry was buUt at
a date subsequent to this chancel waU, for it has a string-course
running along the side of the waU about three feet from the ground
inside the vestry, which proves that it was originaUy an exterior
waU against which the vestry had been buUt. The moulding of this
string-course proves that it was erected prior to the Perpendicular
period. Against this piece of the old waU, inside the chancel, is fixed
the one memorial of this church that caUs for special notice in
tliese " Notes.'' But before describing it, it would be weU here to
introduce the notes on Alfreton Church that were taken by Mr. J.
Eeynolds, of Plaistow, near Crich, on the 16th May, 1758. These
notes have not been before printed, and are here reproduced from the
original MS. in the British Museum. He teUs us that at that time
the roof was covered with lead, except the chancel, which was slated.
There were three beUs, but a note inserted in the year 1781 says
"now five." In the north-east corner was a chantry, founded by
the Lords of the Manor and dedicated to St. Mary, the revenues of
which at its suppression in the time of Edward VI. were £5 Os. 8d.
" The raUs and ceUing separating this chantry from the church
are yet standing quite intire, there is also a hole through the wall
which affords a prospect of the altar in the chancel out of this
chantry. The pavement of the said chantry is of common pavers

8 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
an:l only one monument against the East waU with this inscription
in gUt letters on a bluish kind of a table now scarcely legible. ' Hic
jacet corpus AntonU Morewood generosi, qui omisit spiritum, &c.,
9 June, 1636;' above escutcheon of two coats quarterly, Morewood
and Stafford. Opposite this chantpy in south-east corner seems to
have been another, the raUs and ceilings whereof are now whole,
but as to what it has reaUy been tradition is sUent. No vestige of
monument here, but fiUed with pews Uke the rest of the church.
At " the upper end of the middle aUey is. a Brass plate, frequente
pede trita, affixed upon an Alabaster paver with an inspription in
round hand, aU that is legible being : — ' Exuviffi Job. Oldfield
Evang. Min  1682 set. 55.' He was a dissenting Minister.
He lived in the town and was an exceUent Gramarian, skUled in
the Greek tongue, as I've been told by several ancient persons
when I' was a boy.* At the lower end of the middle aUey a
large paver of common stone with marginal inscriptions in very
ancient characters of a pretty large size, but so worn, dirty, and
bad Ught, that no whole word could be read. The Eeverend Mr.
Cornehus Home, then Vicar of Alfreton, when I took this account,
who -accompanied me, said he'd get the stone cleansed from the
dirt, and then we would take another view, but this has not yet
happened. There is but one monument in the chancel, an old
defaced chest tomb in the north-east corner within the Communion
raUs, and joining to the waUs, having four escutcheons, one at
west, and three on south, but quite smooth and no charges, the
charges I suppose having oiUy been painted. Over the said tomb
*As Mr. John Oldfield was a man of prominence amongst the ministers ejected at
the Eestoration, a word or two respecting him will not be out of place. He was born-
near Chestgrfield, and educated at Bromfield School. He had great reputation as a
scholar "both in the tongues and in mathematics." The living that he held iu
this county, ahd from which he was ejected in 1662, was the small one of Carsington,
then worth £70 a year, but though pressed to accept Tamworth and other valuable
preferments, he was persuaded to remain in Derbyshire from the attachment of his
congregation. Calamy says of him : — ' ' This good man had many removes after he
was ejected, but God told his wanderings, and he had songs in the houses of his
pilgrimage. He was one of great moderation ; which he thought himself obliged to
testify by going sometimes to church. And yet he was many ways a sufferer for his
Nonconformity. He for sometime preached once a fortnight at Eodenuke, where a
meeting being discovered by two informers, they swore against him upon presump
tion that he was the preacher, though as it fell out, it was not his day. However he
was prosecuted with much eagerness. Whereupon Esquire Spademan (a worthy
gentleman who was owner of the house where the meeting was) and Mr. Oldfield
made their appeal, a,nd gave so clear proof of his being ten miles distant at the time
he was sworn to, that he was cleared : and the informers being afterwards prose
cuted, were found perjured. Upon which one of them ran away, and the other stood
in the piUory at Derby, with this inscription affixed, a base perjured informer. He
spent the latter part of his life at Alfreton, from whence he took many weary steps
to serve his Master, and was very useful in that neighbourhood; but at last was
forced by his infirmities to cease from his labours, aud departed to Ms everlasting
rest, June 5, 1682. Mta,t. 5S."—{Gs,la,raj'B lijec'ed Ministers, to\. 2 p. 172 ) Mr Old-
field was the author of several theological publications. Readers of Mrs Gaskell's
inimitable novel, North and South, will recollect the quotation from ' Oldfield's
eloquent address on his ejection.

ALFRETON. 9
is a brass plate (the inscription we give below), and above this is a
brass escutcheon, two coats impaled, 1st, Azure, a chief mdented.
Or, Ormond ; 2nd Azure, two chevrons. Or, Chaworth. Beneath
appear vestiges of three escutcheons, formerly fastened there."* He
fm-ther adds, in conclusion, that there is no painted glass nor arms
in any of the wiadows.
This church was also visited by Francis Bassano, some fifty
years earher, and he, too, describes the " raised stone monument
four feet high" on the north side of the chancel. He further
notes in the body of the church a flat stone in bad characters — ¦
" Orate pro anima Joins Cotes qui obUt quiato die mensis Novem-
bris. A.D. mccccxlvii." This is probably the tomb that Mr.
Eeynolds faUed to decipher.
From these accounts we are able to judge as to the amount of
damage. that has been done to the interior of the church during
the past hundred years. The chest tomb in the north-east corner
of the chancel has utterly disappeared, nor do there appear to be
any traces of the tomb of the Dissenting minister, or of the
"large grave with very ancient characters" that Mr. Ee3rnolds
unfortunately faded to deoypher. The "railings,'' or probably screen -
work, that separated the chantries from the rest of the church are
now no more, nor could we hear of any recoUection of then- ex
istence. The destructive tendencies of the church improvers of
the last century, did far more damage to our parish chm-ches than
was effected by the troopers of the Commonwealth. The saw of
the vUlage carpenter and the pot of the whitewasher, under the
direction of the petty parochial authorities who dearly loved to find
jobs for their relatives, have, ia the time of peace, brought about
a considerable share of that disfigurement of ecclesiastical buUdings,
which the popular mind of the present day always attributes to
the civU wars, if -not to the very arm of Cromwell himself.
The chantry at the end of the north aisle is thus described in the
Chantry EoU: — "The Chauntrye of our Ladye of Alfreton founded
by lords of the manor who ben patrons. Yi\U. vUj«. vujc/.
clere vj/*. xiij.s. besyds xiijs. for the fyndynge of a lampe yerlie ;
ijs. viijc?. for fyndynge of a taper; xUijs. for lands given by Jo.
Ormonde for uij'"'xix yeres for fyndynge of a lampe_ brennynge
nighte and daye before the hyghe alter, and to kepe his obitt, by
*-Add. MSS., 6701. This is a thin folio volume amongst the WoUey MSS., contain
ing Mr. Eeynolds' notes on the following churches :— Staveley, Alfreton, South Vfin-
fleld, Grioh, Chapel-en-le-Frith, Dronfield, Spondon, Blvaston, Darley, Norton,
Chesterfield, Edehsor, and Beeley.

10 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
wUl dated j Oct. A.D. M'°diij°. Eob. White Chauntry preste. It
hath a mancyon prised att viij«. by yere. Stock lx«. vijrf."
We cannot learn that there was any trace left of this chantry
at the end of the north aisle, even before the recent restoration,
except that what was then the most eastern pUlar of that side
of the nave, was enlarged by a kind of additional half piUar buUt
against it, upon which were some remains of painting. This has
now been cleared away. Nor was any "hole" or hagioscope for
viewing the altar then observed. The monument to Anthony More-
wood, noticed by Mr. Reynolds, stUl exists, and there are others of a
more recent date to the same family at the end of the same aisle.
The Chantry RoU does not mention the existence of any second
chantry at Alfreton Church. But this does not of necessity prove
that there was only one, for the enumeration of chantries ia the
time of Edward VI. only mentioned those which had then any
existing endowments. Older estabUshed ones, whose endowments
had exphed or been lost, were not taken into account. But how
ever this may have been, there was undoubtedly a side altar at the
end of the soutji aisle; for during the alterations the remains of
a piscina were found, under what was then the wiadow nearest the
east, in the south waU of that aisle. This piscina had been cut off
level with the wall to make way for pews, and was far too
much mutilated for restoration. The screens that separated these
chantries from the church had quite disappeared, as we have already
remarked ; but, when removing the old pews, a portion of old oak
carving was found at the west end of the nave, which has clearly
at one time formed part of a screen, perhaps one of these chapels.
It is a good specimen of early Perpendicular work, and there is just
enough remaining to allow us to form a judgment of the care that
had been bestowed upon the carving of the tracery. This fragment
is now preserved at the Vicarage.
Let us now return to the chancel, to the Ormond- Chaworth monu
ment. It consists of a large slab of gritstone built into the
north waU, across the centre of which is fastened an oblong plate
of brass bearing the inscription. Above it is the escutcheon, still
existing as described by Eeynolds, on which are impaled the arms
of Ormond and Chaworth, or rather of Alfreton adopted by
Chaworth. Above this again are the matrices or indentations that
show that there were formerly two kneeling figures with scroUs
proceeding from their mouths, and between them another plate of
metal, perhaps a sacred emblem, such as that of the Trinity, which

ALFRETON. 1 1
is not unfrequent on brasses of this date. Below the inscription
there are also other matrices of three escutcheons, and by each
escutcheon it seems that there has been a smaU figure with a further
inscription attached to it. The inscription is in Latin, and bristles
with an unusual number of capricious contractions. We will,
therefore, content ourselves with giving it in an EngUsh dress : —
" Here lies John Ormond, Esquire, and Joan his wife, the daughter
and heiress of William Chaworth, Knight, the son and heir of
Thomas Chaworth, Knight, the son and heir of WiUiam Cha
worth, Knight, and of , Alice his wife, daughter and heiress
of John Caltofte, Knight, the relative and heir of John Brett,
Knight, and of the daughter of Katharine, sister of the said John
Brett ; and the said William Chaworth, the son of Thomas, is
also the son and heir of Isabella, the wife of the said Thomas, one
of the daughters and heiresses of Thomas Aylisbury, Knight, the
son and heir of John Aylisbm-y, Knight, the son and heir of Thomas
Aylisbury, Knight, and Joan his wife, one of the daughters and
heiresses of Ralph, Lord of Bassett of WeUdon ; and the said Isa
bella is also the- daughter of Katharine, the wife of the said Thomas
Aylisbury, Knight, son and heir of Lawrence Pabenham, Knight,
and EUzabeth his wife, one of the daughters and heiresses of John,
Lord of Engayne ; which said John Ormond died the 5th day of
the month October, in the year of our Lord 1503, and in the
19th year of Henry VIL, King of England; and the said Joan
died on the 29th day of the month August, in the year of our Lord
1507 — On whose souls may God have mercy— Amen."
They had issue three daughters, their coheirs, Joan, wife of
Thomas Dinham, natural son of John, the last Lord Dinham ;
Elizabeth, wife of Sh Anthony Babington ; and Anne, wife of
WUUam Mering, of Nottinghamshire.
The Dodsworth MSS., in the Bodleian Library, supply the
following : — " On the side of the tomb it appeareth, John Ormond
had three daughters.
" 1. Johanna uxor Thomse Denham de Eythorp, in Co. Bucks.
Gules 3 lozenges or, charged with 2 ermines, which quarters
with gules 8 horse shoes (or such Uke) impaled with azure 2
chevrons or.
" 2. Eliz. ux. Antonie Babington de Dethick.
" 3. Anna uxor W. Meering de Meeriug, in Co. Notts.
"Everyone of them impaled with azure 2 chevrons or."
The descendants of Eobert Fitz Ranulph, the probable founder

12 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
of the church at Alfreton, took the name of "de Alfreton," and
on the death of his great grandson, Thomas de Alfreton, the
manor descended in 1269 to his nephew Thomas de Chaworth.
This Thomas was a considerable benefactor to the Abbey of
Beauchief, and was of sufficient importance, according to Dugdale,
to be summoned to Parliament as a baron. Future members of
this family, especially Thomas (the sOn of WUUam and AUce
mentioned on this monument), still further endowed the Abbey
with lands in Alfreton, Norton, Greenhill, Woodseats, and other
places in Derbyshire. William Chaworth, as we gather from this
inscription, was the last of the famUy, and his daughter carried
the manor to Ormond in the reign of Henry VII. From thence
it passed immediately by marriage to Anthony Babington. His
grandson, Henry Babington, sold the manor about 1565, to John
Zouch, of Codnor. The son of John Zouch sold it to Robert
Sutton, of Aram, in Nottinghamshire, by whom it was sold to
Anthony Morewood, whose tomb we have abeady noticed in this
church. The advowson of the church seems to have remained
with Beauchief Abbey till the time of the dissolution of the
monasteries, when the rectory of Alfreton, together with the
advowson of the vicarage, was granted to Francis Leake by Henry
VIIL, whose descendant, Nicholas, Earl of Scarsdale, sold them in
1673, to John Turner, of Swanwick.* The lands pertaining to the
chantry had been granted by Edward VI. to Thomas, son of
Anthony Babington. The rectorial tithes were sold by auction
in 1779, by the trustees of George Turner, chiefly to the several
landowners, and the advowson of the vicarage was purchased by
the Morewood famUy.
Below the east window of the chancel is a handsome and effective
reredos, chiefly composed of Derbyshire alabaster. This, though
only a recent addition to the church, is not devoid of interest to
the antiquary, for amongst the marble* is worked up a large slab
of alabaster, much worn and in rough condition, that formed part
of the pavement of the chancel previous to the alterations. It was
about six feet' in length, and was evenly cut on three of its edges,
one being left in its rough-hewn state. No trace of an inscription
was visible, and from these and other reasons it was conjectured
to have been the old altar stone that had formerly been fixed with
one of its sides buUt into the waU.
The octagon font at the west end of the nave is modern, the
?Add. MSS. 6705, f. 73.

ALFEETON. 13
old one having utterly disappeared, a mere basin being iu use
previous to the restoration.
The bells are five in number, and the following is a copy of
their respective legends : —
1st beU. "To the glory of God I sing and triumph to the King,
the marriage joys I teU, and toUs the dead man's kneU. Raised
by subscription, 1780. Tho. Hedderley, Founder, Nottingham."
This is in Eoman capital letters, and occupies two lines round
the haunch of the beU.
2nd bell. " I.I. E.H. AU men that heare my mournfuU sound,
repent before you lye in ground. 1627." The legend is in one
line in black letter. Below it are the initials, " G. B,, D. M."
3rd bell. " The gift ol John Turner, Esq., of Swanwick, 1687,
and recast, 1780. Tho. Hedderley, Founder, Nottingham. Tho.
Haslam, Churchwarden." Two lines of Eoman capitals.
4th bell. " Gloria in Excelsis Deo ihc." This legend is in finely
worked Lombardic capitals, the initial G of "Gloria" contains a
fylfot cross. Below, on a shield, is the bell mark, being a
fylfot cross surmounted on the sinister side by the letter H, the
preceding initial having apparently been missed. We have mot
with this bell mark in several belfries, and think that the
missing letter is G. This bell-founder's mark is engraved from
one of the BonsaU beUs in the Reliquary of October, 1873. A
beU with the same inscription and founder's mark at Baslow
bears the date of 1620.
5th bell. " The churches praise I sound always. Raised by sub
scription, 1780. Tho. Hedderley, Nottingham, founder." lu
two lines in Roman capitals.
There is also a smaU "sanctus" beU, without any inscription,
fixed against the east window of the bell chamber, but it has no
rope attached.
The church of Alfreton was valued in 1291 at £10, according
to the Taxation RoU of Pope Nicholas ; the Valor Ecclesiasticus of
Henry VIIL, estimates it at £1 18s. 9d. ; and the Parhamentary
Commissioners of 1650, describe Alfreton as an endowed vicarage
worth £16 per annum.

14

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

^fit CEi^ajpeltg of ilitrttings.

HE manor of Biddings (Ryddiags, Eyddyng, or Eydinge),
within the parish of AKreton, was formerly held with
Alfreton, by the Chaworth famUy.'* Riddings was an
ancient chapelry, but we have faded to learn when it was founded,
or at what time the chapel, of which there is now no trace, was
disused and demoUshed. In short, little more is known of it than
that it was dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen. The wUl of Hugh
Revel, of Shiriand-, executed in May, 1504, contains the foUowing
item : — " And I will that the Mary Maulelen ChapeU, of Eyddyng,
have my Chalez, now in the kepynge of Eic. Page, for ever, and x
kye to maunteyn the stok of the said chappeU of Mary Magdalen. "t
The structure was evidently out of repau- in 1650, for the Par
liamentary Commissioners reported — " Eyddyng is a ChappeU in
Alfreton parish, fitt to be disused."
*Inq. Post Mortem. 37 Hen. 6, No. 25. An inquisition of 20 Bd. 2, also mentions
" Eydding " as part of the estate of Walter and Margaret de Goushull, but this
appears to have been land in the parish of Barlborough. The term is not uncommon
as a field name in various parts of England, and is derived from the Danish Rydde,
to grub up, to clear. A place newly cleared of wood is to this day termed Riddings
iu some parts of Derbyshire.
tAdd. MSS. 6667, f. 125.

SfOUFF.

B J-EDWARDS & C

OJ^c^t^/^^^^^^y, E.

ASHOVER. 1 7

3Ss5o6?r,

HEN the Domesday Survey of Derbyshire was taken, a
church and a priest are mentioned at Ashover. The
next notice that we find respecting the church is in the
reign of Stephen, when it was given by Eobert, Earl Ferrars, to
the Abbey of St. Helen's, at Derby.* The manor of Ashover was
divided into four portions about the close of the thirteenth century,
and it would seem that the lord of one of these manors purchased
the advowson from the Abbey; for on the feast of St. HUary,
1302, the NewhaU Manor, together with the advowson of the
church, was given by Margaret de Eeresby, widow, to Adam de-
Eeresby, her youngest son. The famUy of Eeresby came from
Lincolnshire, and obtained a footing in Derbyshire by marriage
with a co-heiress of Deincourt in the reign of Henry III. They
were a famUy of distinction and on several occasions fiUed the
office of High Sheriff. The advowson of the church, and the
Manor of NewhaU (afterwards caUed Eastwood HaU), remained in
this family tUl 1623, when they were ^sold by Sir Thomas Reresby,
in order to provide portions for his daughters, to the then rector
of Ashover, the Eev. Immanuel Bourne.+ By inter-marriage with
the Bournes the advowson subsequently became vested in the
Nodder famUy.
The Church is dedicated to All Saints. In more than one
Directory for the county it is said to be dedicated to St. John — ¦
on what authority we know not. The Liber Regis, however, as weU
as the county histories of PUkington, Davis, and Glover, and
earUer authorities, are unanimous as to its being under the pro
tection of AU Saints.
The church consists of a nave, with two side aisles, a chancel,
* Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. 3, p. 61.
t Add MSS. 6675, pp. 4—11.

18

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

a south porch, and a tower surmounted by a spire at the west
end. Of the church that existed here in the Norman period we
can find no trace in the actual structure ; the most ancient portion
seems to be the doorway inside the porch. This is of the early
EngUsh period, though late in the style, circa 1270. The jambs
of this doorway are cut into several receding mouldings, and have
on each -side two small shafts. The capitals of these. shafts differ
in then- mouldings, and are .but roughly carved. The dripstone
round the archway terminates on each side in a small corbel head,
whUst a third surmounts the apex of the arch. From the very
irregular way in which the courses of the stones that form this
doorway now lie, it seems probable that it was taken down and
re-set when the south aisle was buUt. There is nothing else about
the church that can clearly be set down to this architectural
period. Nor is there much to be seen of the next style — the Decorated.
If, however, we go round the church to the north side aisle, we
shaU find a good specimen of this period in the smaU north door
way, now unfortunately blocked up. It has an ogee-shaped arch
with pierced projecting tracery, and the dripstone is surmounted
by a finial. This aisle has evidently been buUt during this period,
probably about 1350. Its western end distinctly shows the eleva
tion of the former high pitched roof, and, upon going into the
interior of the church, thirteen corbel stones, some distance below
the present roof, may be seen above the arches that divide it from
the nave. These stones formed the support for one side of the
original roof. The five arches, too, which separate it from the
nave, supported by octagon pillars, are plain specimens of the
Decorated style. It should be noted that the archway nearest the
chancel is lower and wider than the others, which seems to indi
cate that an addition was made to the east end of this aisle
during subsequent alterations,
The windows of this aisle are later msertions, and are plain
square-headed examples of the Perpendicular period, except a
hideous round-headed one, attributable to the churchwarden era.
The remamder of the structure is also of the Perpendicular style,
thotigh differing somewhat m date. The whole of the south aisle
(with the exception of the doorway already noticed), the four
arches that separate it from the nave, the clerestory windows of
the nave, the chancel with its east and side windows, together with
the flat roofs throughout the chmch, and the exterior battiement.s

ASHOVER. 19
of the nave and chancel, are aU of the same period — apparently
about the close of the fifteenth century.
Local tradition attributes the building of the tower and spire to
the Babingtons, and makes their date coeval with that of the
south aisle. On turning to the pages of Glover, the county his
torian, we find that he quotes from the MS. book of one Leonard
Wheatcroft, who was clerk of the parish, poet, taUor, and school
master. Writing in the year 1722, Wheatcroft says that the spu-e
was originaUy built about the year 1419. Probably he had some
good data for arriving at this conclusion, and it is one which we
think may be safely accepted. This, too, would be about the date
when the Babingtons first became connected with Ashover, and the
beautiful windows of the bell-chamber, with their fine tracery,
point to an early period of the Perpendicular style, when it had
happily not forgotten the lessons taught by the Decorated. Although
the south aisle was probably built by the Babingtons, stUl its
windows, as weU as most of the other windows of the church,
are doubtless considerably later in style than the tower and sphe.
Subsequent members of this famUy, or perhaps the EoUestons, may
have made these alterations. It is somewhat remarkable about this
tower that it has no west window of any dimensions, as though it
had not been intended to be opened out into the church ; and yet
there is no west doorway, whUst the only exterior one, on the
south side, is obviously a modern addition. The parapet of the
tower is embattled, beneath which project three lengthy gurgoyles.
The spire is of very elegant design, and is ornamented with eight
crocketed windows. Seven yards of this spire were blown down
aud rebuUt in 1715.* On looking up into the interior, the extent
of this accident can easUy be discerned by the comparative fresh
ness of the newer masonry. A few years ago several feet at the
summit had to be again restored. The extreme height from the
ground to the top of the vane is 128 feet.
There are various interesting detaUs in the interior of the
chm-ch. Foremost among these is the font, placed at the west
end of the north aisle. The base is of stone in an hexagonal
form, and is of a comparatively modem date. The upper part,
however, is chcular and constructed of lead. It is two feet one
inch in width, and about one foot in height. It is ornamented
with twenty upright figures of men clad in flowing drapery. Each
figure holds a book in his left hand, and stands under a semi-
* Pegge's Parochial Collections, vol. 1.

20 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
circular arch supported on slender pUlars. These figures are almost
precisely simUar, and are rudely executed in bas-relief. Beneath
them is a narrow border of fleurs-de-Us. The age of this font has
been much over -rated by Lysons and Glover, who attribute it to
the Saxon period. Lead fonts are very uncommon. The two best
known instances in this country are those at Walmsford, Northamp
tonshire, and Dorchester, Oxfordshire. In each of these examples
the font is circular, and is embossed, like that at Ashover, with
figures standing beneath semi-circular arches, but the best authori
ties consider their date to be late in the Norman style, about 1150.
It is possible, then, that this font may have been id the church of
Ashover when it was given by Earl Ferrers to the Abbey of
Darley, Taut this ds the very earUest date to which it can be safely
assigned.* At the east end of each of the aisles is a projecting stone bracket
that formerly supported the image of a saint. These serve to
point out the position of the side altars. The bracket in the north
aisle consists of a female, head, and is placed about eight feet from
the ground. It is said that this great height was occasionally
adopted when the image was of unusual value or beautiful work
manship, in order to preserve it from the too fond reverence of
the worshippers. The doorway to the rood-loft staircase, though
now blocked up, can be plainly discerned through the plaster in
the south-east angle of this aisle. The rood-screen itself, which
separates the nave from the chancel, is very perfect, and is a
reaUy beautiful specimen of the carved woodwork of the Perpendi
cular style. It is said to have been erected hy Thomas Babington.
Over the doorway of the screen, facing the west, is a shield bearing
the arms of Babington — argent, ten torteaux, four, three, two, one,
gules ; a label of three points, azure — impaling the arms of Fitz
herbert : — argent, a chief, countervair, over aU a bend, sable. On the
other side is a shield, with the Babington arms impaUng — Between
two bars, three fusils.f This rood-screen bore a good deal of the
This font has attracted considerable attention from archseologists. Special
mention is made of it in the treatises relative to fonts by Gough, Simpson, and
others. It is engraved iu the second volume of the Topographer for the year 1790,
where an unfulfiUed- promise is made of a further notice of the chm-ch at Ashover.
The foUowmg is, we believe, a complete list of the leaden fonts to be found in
Bngland:— Ashover, Derby; Bametby, Lincoln; Avebury, and Churton, "Wilts;
Woolston Childrey, Long WheUington, and Clewer, Berks ; Clifton, Warborough,
and Dorchester, Oxford; Brundall, and Great Plumstead, Norfolk; Wareham,
Dorset; Brookland, Kent; Pitcombe, Somerset; Siston, Cambridge- Tidenham,
Gloucester; Walmsford, Northampton ; Walton, Surrey ; and Pyecombe, Sussex.
tit is rather humiliating to have to confess to faUure in all our attempts to satis
factorily identify this coat, but we find some consolation in the failure of others.
Dr. Pegge (Vol. .5., p. 95) erroneously reads it as "three fusils in fesse," and then

ASHOVER. 21
original gilding and painting, untU it was unfortunately cleansed
at the repairing of the church in 1843. At the same time the
rood staircase, with its two doorways, was blocked up, and a
hagioscope, or squint, that opened out of the east end of the south
aisle, was treated in a simUar fashion. The reason for these
barbarities it is difficult to conjecture. It is worthy also of note,
that up to that date, several funeral garlands were to be seen sus
pended from the screen. The beautiful old custom of carrying
garlands before the corpses of unmarried females, which were
afterwards suspended in the church, lasted longer in Derbyshire
than in ariy other part of the country. Five of these garlands
may stUl be seen in the church of Ashford-in-the- Water, and one
at South Winfield.* An interesting description of this custom is
given in the first volume of the Reliquary.
In the north wall of the chancel are two shallow recesses,
formed by ogee- shaped arches, about six feet in -width, and five
in height. It is not usual to find two of these recesses. One or
both of these were made use of in tbe pre-reformation days on
Good Friday, when the crucifix, or a figure of our Lord, was
placed under the Sepulchre arch, where it remained continually
watched until Easter Day. From the centre of each of these
arched recesses a bracket, eighteen inches in length, projects some
six inches. These doubtless played some part in the ceremony, or
may have served as supports for smaU sculptures connected with
our Lord's burial. We have not elsewhere observed any instances
conjectures that it belonged to Montague. Search has been specially made for us
through all the alhances of the families of Babington and Fitzherbert by a gentleman
of high attainments in heraldic lore, but hitherto without success. That eminent
local genealogist, the late Mr. William Swift, of Sheffield, wrote to us in February,
1872, — " In conjunction with a friend equally interested with myself in these studies,
I have tried to discover the name of the family bearing the fusils in fess impaled with
Babington referred to in the Notes on Ashover Church. We did not succeed, and,
not daring to succumb to such a failure, I thereupon wrote to one of the officers in
the College at Bennet's Hill, gi-ving him such a cue as might possibly have enabled
him to answer me, but he, too, is silent up to the time of my writing. The fact is, not
much reliance can be placed on the impalements or quarterings of the Babington's, who
were fond of heraldic display, and indeed they had some grounds for such attachment.
But they did not confine themselves to the strict rules of heraldry. The arms quoted
have long ago appeared in print by this description — ' Two wooden escutcheons, one
Babington impaling Fitzherbert, the other Babington impaling three fusils conjoined
in fess between two pair of gemelles.' The coat undoubtedly belonged to Fitzherbert,
but there is, as I just hinted, this great difficulty in Babington's heraldry, ' an im
paled coat of the date of Henry VIII. is just as likely to be that of the -wife's female an
cestors as of the -wife herself. The practice was carried even further, for example — the
heiress of Longvillers married Mallovel — the heiress of Mallovel married Stanhope —
and the heiress of Stanhope married Babington. At Dethick Babington is made to
impale Longvillers.' And so the coat in question most probably belongs to some
ancestor of the mother of Bdith Babington, n^e Fitzherbert, who was a Marshall, of
Upton, CO. Leicester." Mr. Swift here quotes from Nichols' Collectanea Topo-
graphica et Genealogica, vol. viii. p. 330. At vol. ii. p. 99, of the same work reference
is also made to this coat, there described as " Babington impaling three fusils in fess
between two bars (an unkno-wn coat)."
* See Notes ou South Winfield.

22 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
of brackets thus situated, and another conjecture occurs to us, viz.,
that they may have been used to hold the hghts or lamps for the
sepulchre. In CromweU's injunction, in the year 1538, we read,
' ' The clergy were not to suffer any candles or tapers to be set
before any image, but only the light by the rood-loft, the Ught
before the Sacrament of the Altar, and the light about the sepulchre ;
these were aUowed to stand for ornamenting the church, and the
solemnity of divine service."*
Between these two archways is a doorway leading into a small
vestry of later date than the rest of the chancel. There is also a
doorway on the south side. About three feet from the east end of
the chancel, on the same side, there projects, from the face of the
waU, the basin of a smaU piscina. There is no niche in the wall
over it, or behind it, and from this circumstance, as well as the
flutings with which it is carved, we are inclined to think that this
is a piscina of late Norman date, and coeval with the font.
Norman piscinas are, however, of such rare occurrence, that we only
offer this as a conjecture, in the hope that it may attract the
attention of archseologists who may in future visit this church.
The monumental remains are of much interest. At the east end
of the chancel, within the communion rails, are two good brasses.
The one on the North side is supposed by Glover to represent one
" Eobert Eyre, a friar." The figure of the priest is aU that is
now left, though the large sized slab, in which it is inserted, bears
traces round the margin of a lengthy inscription, as weU as shields
of arms or other emblems on each side of and above the head.
Owing to the minuteness with which brasses were finished, and the
close attention paid by the artist to the prevaiUng costume, it is
usually an easy matter to decide within a year or two the date of
any brass to the memory of a knight or civilian ; but, in the case
of ecclesiastics, so little variation was made in their costume, that
an approximation to the date is all that can usually be given.
This brass appears to have been executed about the conclusion of
the fifteenth century. The figure is clad in eucharistic vestments.
Eound the neck is the richly embroidered coUar of the amice
showing above the chasuble which rests in ample folds on the arms.
The chasuble has also a highly ornamented border. Below the
chasuble is seen the inner vestment or alb descending to the feet.
In front, at the foot, it is ornamented with a square of embroidery,
called orphreywork, but the tight-fitting sleeves which appear from
* CoUier's Church History, vol". 2, p. 250.

ASHOVER. 23
under the folds of the chasuble are plain. From between the
chasuble and alb are seen the fringed ends of the stole, which is
elegantly worked, whilst a maniple of the same pattern is worn
depending from the left wrist. The hands are joined together on
the breast, and the head is uncovered, displaying the tonsure or
shaven crown of the clergy.
Bassano's church notes confirm the suggestion of Glover as to
the surname of this ecclesiastic, for a portion of the inscription
then (1710) existed: — "ye stone hath beene laid round with brass,
but ye greatest part of it is rent off ; on what remains is inscribed
'Hic jacet Philippus Eyre, Capellanus, quondam Rector hujus
ecclesiffi, et filius Roberti Byre, qui obiit decimo die mensis
JanuarU.' " The shield to the right hand bore, on a chevron four
quatrefoils (Eyre), and that to the left "three pUlars." Between
the shields was a chalice with the letters IHS "upon a globe
issuing out of it," as Bassano styles it; the "globe" being doubt
less intended for the eucharistic wafer.
After much research among the pedigrees of the widely-branching
family of Eyre, we think we may safely conclude that we have
identified the priest whom this monument commemorates. Robert
Eyre, of Padley, married Joan, the heiress of the famUy of Padley,
and had by her a large family. One pedigree represents it as
fifteen in number, and another as thirteen. They certainly had
ten sons, Robert, Nicholas, Hugh, Roger, Philip, Richard, Henry,
Ralph, Edward, and Stephen, and three daughters, Joan, EUzabeth,
and Margaret.* This brass is to the memory of PhUip, the fifth
son, and the arms read by Bassano as "three pillars" must be
the maternal coat of Padley — Arg., three pairs of barnacles, Sa. —
which, if represented as nearly closed, might easily be considered
to resemble pUlars. -f We do not know the exact date of the
rectorship of PhUip Eyre, but it was about the close of the
fifteenth century. John Reresby was rector of Ashover in 1510,
when he stood as godfather to one of the Foljambes.
On the opposite side of the chancel is a weU-preserved brass to
the memory of James RoUeston, of Lea, and his wife Anna, the
daughter of John Babington, of Dethick. The inscription, which
runs round the margin of the stone, is to the foUowing effect:—
*Harl. MSS. 1093, and 1486. There are also pedigrees of Byre amongst the
WoUey, Mitchell, and Hunter MSS.
tThe shield -with the "three pillaw" was on the slab in Dr. Pegge's days. He
does not attempt to describe it, but gives a rough sketch, which oonflrms us m the
supposition that it was intended for the arms of Padley. Pegge's Collections, vol, 5.,
p. 95.

24 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
" Hic jacent Jacobus RoUeston de le ley armiger, et Anna uxor
ejus, filia Johannis Babyngton de Dedyck, armigeri, qui quidam
Jacobus EoUeston obiit . . . die mensis . . . Anno Dni
MUlessimo 5'° . . . et predicta Anna obiit quinto decimo die
Februarii Anno Dni MUlessimo 5*° vii, quorum animabus propicietur
Deus. Amen." The spaces here left for the day, month, and
year of the husband's decease, show that this tomb was erected
during the Ufetime of James EoUeston to his own memory and
that of his wife. This was not an unusual custom, and it is curious
that there are very numerous instances extant in which the
descendants, as in this case, neglected to fiU up the vacant spaces
when death had taken place. The centre of the stone is occupied
with brass effigies of the knight and his lady, whUst below them
are the representations of their nine daughters and four sons. At
the four corners are the cavities or matrices where escutcheons
were originally placed ; but these have aU disappeared. The
effigies merit a word or two of description, as they are good
examples of the armour and dress of the period. The knight is
clad in plate armour, but with his head and hands uncovered. The
upper part of the body is protected by a cuirass. From the
pauldrons, or shoulder-pieces, rise passe-gardes for the defence of the
neck. To the bottom of the cuirass are buckled long pointed
tuilettes for the protection of the thighs, whilst behind them appears
a skirt of mail. The feet are clad in the round-toed clumsy
sabbatom, a great contrast to the pointed sollerets to which they
immediately succeeded. AU these particulars are eminently cha
racteristic of the armour of the first few years of the sixteenth
century, and it is somewhat strange to find that the sword, though
girded at the left side, falls across the front of the left leg, iastead
of crossing behind the legs as -was customary at this period. The
cross haft of the dagger also appears below the right elbow. The
lady is dressed in a long flo-wing robe with tight sleeves, which
fits closely to the figure above the waist. It is confined at the
waist by a broad ornamented belt, with a long pendant, and
reaching almost to the feet. She wears the angular head-dress
that prevailed in the latter part of the reign of Henry VII. and
for several subsequent years. It is pointed stiffly over the forehead,
and descends in embroidered lappets over the shoulders and back.
It was usuaUy made of velvet. The nine girls below their mother
are faithful miniatures of her appearance, but the boys are dressed
in long plain tunics-.-

ASHOVER. 25
The pedigrees* only furnish the names of the four sons and
one of the daughters. Ealph, who married Margaret, daughter
and heiress of Eichard Bingham; Thomas, who married EUzabeth
(or Agnes, as one authority has it), daughter and heiress of John
TurvUe, of NewhaU; Henry; WUliam " clericus ;" and Matilda, who
married Ealph BlackweU. Probably the other daughters died
spinsters, or in their infancy.
The famUy of EoUeston came from EoUeston in Staffordshire.
In the fourteenth century, a younger son of Sir Ralph EoUeston
purchased the manor of Lea from the Frechevilles. Shortly after
wards, WUliam RoUeston married a daughter of Eoger de Wynfield,
of Edelstow Hall ; and by this aUiance his great grandson, the James
EoUeston of the monument, eventually became also entitled to the Old-
HaU Manor, one of the four manors into which, as we have already
stated, Ashover was divided. The two manors of Lea and Old-Hall
remained in the famUy tiU the latter end of the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, when this branch of the EoUestons became extinct, and
the estates passed to the Pershalls of Horsley, Stafford.
The date of the death of James EoUeston is not known, but he
was a -witness to the wUl of Thomas Babington in 1518.
We have reason to believe that this monument -was removed to
the chancel from the north aisle during certain alterations, which
were made about the year 1798. From the interesting detaUs given
of this church about the commencement of the last century by Bas
sano, and from an account by another hand of about the same date,
preserved amongst the Wolley MSS., it appears that the east
end of the north aisle was railed off from the rest of the church,
and was styled the EoUeston quire. Here were the various monu
ments to that family, of which the one we have described alone
remains. One of these was " a marble stone, on which a peece of
brass with an image, at whose head hath laine a peece of brass
forme of a shield." Another was a large alabaster stone, bearing
the portraiture of a man and his wUe, and at their feet the follow
ing inscription: — "Hic jacent corpora Francisci EoUeston armigeri
et Marie uxoris ejus, filie Johis Vernon militis, qui paldictus
Franciscus obiit iii die Augusti Anno Dni 1587. Et predicta Maria
obiit ... die ... "
The Francis RoUeston commemorated by this slab would be the
son of Thomas RoUeston and Agnes TurvUe, and grandson of James
RoUeston, whose monument is in the chancel. He married Maria,
*Harl. MSS. 6592 and 1093.

26 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
daughter of Sir John Vernori, and they had issue "George RoUes
ton de la ley, pensioner to Queene Elizabeth."
Besides the RoUeston monuments there was also in this aisle
another alabaster slab to the memory of Thomas Babington and
his wife IsabeUa. Thomas Babington, the son and heir of Sir John
de Babington, of East Bridgeford, Notts., married Isabel, daughter
and coheir of Robert Dethick, of Dethick, in the parish of Ashover.
In his youth he sold his family estates to his brother. Sir WiUiam,
who was Chief Justice of the King's Bench, in order to leave him
self more free to engage in the wars against France. It is said
that the sword and bow which he bore at Agincourt were long
preserved at Dethick. The family chapel at Dethick had no rights
of sepulture attached to it, and hence it came to pass that he and
his descendants, as lords of Dethick, were buried in their parish
church of Ashover. Thomas and IsabeUa had issue two sons, the
eldest of whom. Sir John Babington, married Isabella, daughter of
Henry Bradburne, of Bradburne and the Hough. A -window to his
memory is noted under the account of Staveley Church, and there
is a tomb to his wife at Eatcliff-on-Soar. They had issue two sons
and six daughters, one of whom, Anna, has already been mentioned
as the wife of James EoUeston. The eldest son was Thomas
Babington, of whom more anon.
At the east end of the south aisle was the " Babington Quire,"
enclosed by handsomely-carved screen-work, in the which were two
doors, provided with lock and key, one from the south aisle, and
one from the body of the church. Over the former of these doors
were the arms of Babington impaling the unknown coat now on
the screen, and over the latter Babirigton impaUng Fitzherbert.
The partition forming this quire has long ago been destroyed, but
these two escutcheons were preserved and hung against one of the
pillars which divides the south aisle from the nave. But in 1843
they were placed upon the rood-screen, which has been already
described. The year before this restoration G. T. C. writes :—
" The Babington chantry occupied the eastern bay of the south
aisle, and enough of the wooden screen remains to show that it
resembled the Babington pew," of about the same date, in the north
aisle at Eothley."* This quire, or chapel, was founded in 1511, by
Thomas Babington, when he also erected the rood-screen and the
singing gallery over it, the endowment of which was valued in 1547
* Nichols' Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, vol. viii., p. 330.

ASHOVER. 27
at £5 Os. 4d. per annum. The following is a verbatim copy of the
description of this chapel in the Chantry Roll :— " The Chauntry of"
Babington founded by Thos. Babyngton, Esq., for a prieste to synge
masse within the paryshe church and to pray for his soule, etc., by
foundacyon dated Ao. Dni. Md. xi and by the kyngs lycense Ao.
ujo. Regis nunc cjs. iiijc?. clere iiij li xvijs. vj. besyds viij li. xxrf.
payd in rents resolute to Thomas Babyngton esq., for the wagis of
a priste at Dethecke iiij li. for the price of breade and herryngs
gyven to everye householder there vj Sondayes in Lente everye of
them jd and lykewyse on Good Frydaye and S. Valentynes days to
everye one of them ob. eyther of the dayes ; about his obitte yerlie,
and S. Valentynes daye to priests and olerkes vs. Rich. Sewdall
Chauntrye prist. It hath a mancyon prised at ijs. by yere. Stocke
inj li. xixs. viijti."
Thomas Babington, on the death of his wife Editha, erected a,
magnificent monument to the joint memories of himself and his
wife, within this chantry. Editha was the daughter of Ralph
Fitzherbert of Norbury, ("by Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of John
MarshaU of Upton, Leicestershhe,' and sister of Sir Anthony Fitz
herbert, the celebrated judge. This monument still remains, and
consists of a table monument of alabaster, supporting two elaborately
carved effigies.
The east end, or foot, of this monument has been most barbarously
built into the wall, and it is very difficult to examine some of its
detaUs from the strange way in which it is boxed up by the sur
rounding pews. It is now almost impossible to trace a word of
the inscription which formerly ran round the margin. The man's
head is uncovered, and he has straight hair. The head rests on
a pUlow, supported at each side by a small figure of an angel.
He is clad in a long plaited gown down to his feet ; round the
neck is a double chain composed of plain square links. On the
right hand side is attached to his girdle a gypciere or purse, which
was usuaUy worn by civilians of that period. His hands are folded
on his breast, and each fourth finger is adorned with a ring, whilst
the feet rest on an animal of which it is hard to say whether it is
intended to represent a lion or a dog — probably the former. The
lady is clad in a close-fitting robe, fastened at the neck by tas-
selled cords, which are curiously twisted over the front of the figure.
On the head is the angular head-dress with pendant lappets. She
has a ring on the fourth finger of the left hand, and another on
the little finger of the right. These effigies are both painted all

28 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
over, with the exception of the -hands and faces, in dull colours-—
red and green predominating. This colouring is evidently not quite
modern, but it is equaUy evident that the pigments are vastly
different from those which must have been originaUy used. The
three sides of this monument, that are to some degree exposed, are
beautifully carved with rich crocketed canopies, beneath which
stand numerous smaU figures representing the fifteen children of
Thomas and Editha Babington, and their respective marriages.
On the south side there are six of these canopies • beneath each
of the end ones are three figures, and the four others cover
two apiece. At the head there are two single figures, and a double
one in the centre, and these are flanked on each side by an angel
bearing an uncharged shield. On the north side there are again
two canopies, one covering three figures, and the remainder two
apiece. All the female figures are clothed aUke and adorned with
chains and jewels. The males have for the most part pouches on
their right side, and shields in their left hands, but one is in
armour of mail, with a surcoat over it, and on his breast a cross
fleury. This must be intended to represent the second son. The
foUowing is a Ust of the fifteen children and their marriage? : —
1.— Sir Anthony Babington. He had two wives, the first being
Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of John Ormund, of Alfreton (she
died in 1505), and the second Catherine, daughter of Sir. John
Ferrers, of Walton and Tamworth. He died in 1644, aged 69.
2. — John B. Knight of Ehodes, in which Order he held various
important offices, the last being that of Grand Prior of Ireland, to
which he was appointed in 1527. There was formerly a slab in
the south aisle of Ashover, inscribed "John Babington 15  "
This we may safely assume to have been his tomb.*
3. — Ealph B. He was rector of Hintlesham, Suffolk, and sub
sequently of HickUng, Notts. He took the degree of LL.D. at
Caiibridge in 1503, and died in 1521. He was buried in the
chancel at Hickling.
4. — Eowland B., otherwise called Eichard. He settled at Nor-
manton, near Derby, and married Jane Eidge, of Kinway. He died
in 1548, and was buried at St. Peter's, Derby.
5.— Humphrey B. He settied at Temple Eothley, in Leicester-
* Nichols thinks that this slab could not have been to his memory, as his duties
as a Preceptor would have been likely to have kept him abroad; but Nichols was
apparently not a-ware of the different offices held by John Babington, nor of the
taties and obhgations pertaining to them. See Porter's History of the Knights of

ASHOVER. 29
shire, and married Eleanor, third daughter and co-heir of John
Beaumont, of Wednesbury, Stafford. He died in 1544.
6. — Thomas B. He was rector of Yelvertoft, and died at
Cambridge in 1511.
7. — WiUiam B. He married Joan, the eldest daughter and co
heir of the above-mentioned John Beaumont ; and secondly, Mary,
- daughter of John More.
8.— Robert B. He died in the Temple, London, and is there
buried .
9. — George B. died in infancy.
10. — Elizabeth B. died in infancy.
11. — Anne B. She married, first, George Leche, of Chatsworth,
and secondly, Eoger Greenhaugh, of Teversall, Notts., who was
also lord of the manor of Eowthorn, in the parish of Ault Huck-
naU. She died in 1538, and is buried at TeversaU.
12. — Catherine B. She married George Chaworth, of Winerton,
Notts. 13. — Dorothy B. She married Eobert EoUeston, of Swarkestone.
(The EoUestons of Lea and of Swarkestone were the same famUy.)
14. — Jane B. She. married George Meverell, of Throwley, Staf
fordshire. 15.— Elizabeth B. She married PhUip Okeover, of Okeover,
Staffordshire. Thomas Babington died on the ISth March, 1518, so that we
know that this tomb was erected prior to that date, though the
exact year of the death of Editha has not been ascertained. By his
wiU, of the month previous to his decease, Thomas Babington
directs that, his wife's tomb be not broken on his account, but that
he be laid by its side. This injunction accounts for the existence
of a separate memorial to him. Against the waU, immediately
above the foot of this monument, is a slab of dark marble, worked
at the top into a kind of canopy of foUage, and in the centre of
this slab is fixed a smaU oblong brass with the foUowing inscrip
tion: — "Here lyeth Thomas Babyngton, of Dethick, Esq., son
of John, son & heyre to Thomas Babyngton, and IsabeUa hys
wife, daughter and heyre to Eobert Dethick, Esq., whych Thomas
deoeysed the 13th day of March, 1518. On whose souls Jhu
have mercy." This inscription is rather vaguely expressed, and
has caused Glover to jump to the ludicrous conclusion, that the
Thomas Babington, whose tomb we have been describing, was
married to IsabeUa Dethick as his first wife. So far from this

30 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
being the case, IsabeUa was his grandmother ! There can be no
doubt that this brass is not in its original position, as mural
brasses were then unknown. It is also palpable that it has not
, originaUy been connected with the slab on which it is now found.
This slab is covered with a thick coating of white plaster, and upon it,
for the information of those who could not decypher the blaek-
letter brass in its centre, has been painted in sprawUng letters, a
transcript of the inscription ! The effect is at once incongi-uous
and ridiculous. The notes taken at the beginning of the last
century come to our aid. Bassano describes this slab as "a
stone in the waU, which hath contained in it a large piece of brass,
which was rend off & stole away in ye time of ye Grand Rebellion."
And Mr. WoUey, writing just at the close of the same centui-y,
says, that it formerly had a piece of brass fixed to it, nearly
three-quarters of a yard in length and two feet in breadth, but
that it then bore no plate of any description. But on the pave
ment, close to the south side of the large monument, there was
formerly a brass "representing the figm-e of death," i.e., a skeleton
brass, and at its feet another brass -with the inscription relative
to Thomas Babington, aheady quoted, and which is now affixed
to the slab on the waU. The skeleton brass had disappeared before
Mr. Wolley -wrote (1798), and the brass with the inscription having
by accident been broken, "a gentleman of the parish, 'mindful of
the honom-ed dead,' wishing to have it properly secured, caused the
plate to be taken up for that purpose, when; much to his surprise,
the following inscription was found engraved in the same kind of
church-text on the under side of it : —
' Hic jacet Eobertus Prykke armig. quondam serviens Pantrie
dne Margarete regina AngUe, Tothes {sic) Eobtus et Margarete
liberi sui, qui quidem Eobtus pater obiit xxUj die mense Mali,
A° Dni Mocco" l° quorum animabus propicietur Deus. Amen.'
It, perhaps, may be proper to observe that neither' this Eobert
Prykke (Serjeant of the Pantry to Queen Margaret), nor any
other persons of his name are kno-wn to have had any connec
tion -with the parish of Ashover; neither does the name, to the
best of my knowledge, occur in any ancient records relating
to the place, or as witnesses to any deeds or conveyances of
property in the neighbourhood. It is, therefore, presumed that
this inscription was either engraved by the direction of some of
-Prykke's friends, or on account of its not being paid for, never
delivered; or otherwise, that the engraver, employed by the exe-

ASHOVER, 31
cutors of Thomas Babington, being in want of 'such a piece of
brass, took the hberty of borrowing this from some neighbouring
chm'ch."* It is thus evident that this palimpsest brass to the
memory of Thomas Babington was placed upon the slab against
the east waU of the south aisle (in the place of a former unknown
inscription) some time subsequent to this description of Mr. WoUey's.
It now remains to notice another class of memorials, which were
. speciaUy abundant and interesting in this church so late as 1710,
but which have since been ruthlessly destroyed — we allude to the
heraldic glass in the windows. There was just a small trace of
one or two escutcheons remaining before the last " restoration " in
1843, but since that time they have completely disappeared. But,
before describing them, we will revert for a moment to the family
history of the Babingtons, as it wilb be found explanatory of much
of the blazonry. Sir Anthony Babington, the eldest son of the
Babingtons whose monuments we have just been considering,
married t-wice. His first wife, Elizabeth Ormond, was connected
with a great number of ancient families, and was rightly entitled
to a considerable amount of heraldic display. Eobert de Chaworth,
of an old Welsh family, married, in the reign of Henry I., the
sister and heir of William de Waterville. Their grandson, WUliam
de Chaworth, married Alice, daughter and co-heir of Eobert de
Alfreton, who was the grandsdn of Eobert Fitz Ranulph, of Alfreton
and Norton, and founder of Beauchief Abbey. Sir WiUiam Chaworth,
sixth in descent from this match, married, in 1898, Alice, daughter
and heir of Sir John Caltoft, by- Katharine, daughter and heir of
Sir John le Bret. Caltoft represented Bassingbourne and Bisset ;
Bret represented Heriz of Wyverton, the elder coheir of Barons
Basset of Drayton, Eiddel, and Bussy of Weldon. Thomas, son of
Sir William Chaworth, was twice married, his second wife being
Isabel, daughter and coheir of Thomas de Aylesbury, by Katherine,
daughter and heir of Sir Lawrence Pabenham. Aylesbury repre
sented Keynes, a coheir of the Barons Basset of Weldon, Eiddel,
and Bussy of Weldon, whilst Pabenham represented a coheir of
tbe Barons Engaine, Montgomery, and Grey.
WiUiam Chaworth, son of Thomas, married Elizabeth, daughter
*PaHmpseBt brasses, *».«., brasses engraved on both sides, have been noted in
numerous instances since the days of Mr. Wolley. A third and more honourable
supposition with respect to this brass is, that the executors of Robert Prykke, or the
engraver himseU, were dissatisfied -with the iuscription from some flaw or omission,
and had another executed, leaving this to be utilised on some subsequent occasion.
On the general subject of palimpsest brasses, see Boutell's Monumental Brasses,
pp. 147-154, and Haines' Manual of Monumental Brasses. Vol. ii., pp. 45-51.

32 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
and coheir of Sir Nicholas Bowet of RepinghaU, who represented
Zouch of Harringworth.
Of the issue of this marriage, the son, Thomas, died without
off spring, '"and his sister and heir, Joan, married John Ormond, the
brass to whose memory is described in the notes on the church at
Alfreton. By this marriage there were three daughters and coheirs, one of
whom, Elizabeth, became the -wife of Sir Anthony Babington.* She
died on the 28th November, 1505, and is buried in Eatchffe Church,.
where there is an alabaster slab to her memory.
Sir Anthony Babington married for his second wife, Katherine,
daughter of Sir John Ferrers, but, as the' armorial bearings relative
to this match and its numerous aUiances are to be found chiefly
at the chapel at Kingston, Notts., it would be foreign to our
purpose to give any genealogical detaUs.
In the middle pane of the south -window of Babington's quire
was Babington and Dethick {arg., a fess vaire, or and gu., between
three water bougets, sa.) quarterly, impaling Fitzherbert of Norbury
and Marshall of Upton (Barry of six, arg. and sa., a canton,
erm.) quarterly.
In another pane of the same window was Babington, Dethick,
and another coat undiscernible, quarterly, impaling quarterly of
fifteen : —
1. Or, a chief, gu. (Ormond).
2. Barry of eight pieces, arg. and gu., three martlets, sa., (Cha
worth.)
3. Az., two chevrons, or (.Alfreton).
4. Arg., eight muUets pierced, sa.
5. Gu., a fess between ten billets, or (Bret).
6. Az., a frette, or. (MandevUe ?).
7. Arg., a bend vaire, az. and gu.
8. Arg., two Uons segreant, gu.
9. Gu., a fess between six cross crosslets, or, three, two, one.
(Engaine).
10. Vaire, three bars, gu. (Keynes).
11. Paly, or and gu. (Grey).
12. Az., a cross, arg. (Aylesbury).
13. Gu., ten bezants, a canton, erm. (Zouch of Harringworth).
^ • This skeleton pedigree, showing the various families that were absorbed into the
immediate ancestors of Lady EUzabeth Babington wiU be found of frequent se^^ce
throughout these pages.— Nichols' Collectanea, vol vii., p 267- -fol -viii n s4
Harl. MSS. 164, 246, 1400, etc; Add. MSS. 6667, and 6707 ' ™^- ^"'•' '^'^^^'

ASHOVER. 33
14. Arg., three fusils in fess, each charged with a bezant.
15  *
It is obvious, then, that this window was inserted by Sir Anthony
Babington in commemoration of his first marriage with Elizabeth
Ormond, We have appended to the coats the names of the families
to which they belonged, so far as we have been able to trace them.
Numbers 4, 6, 7, 8, and 14 do not belong, as we might have
expected, immediately to the families of Eiddel, Basset,' Heriz, &c.,
all of whose bearings have been consulted, though they are sure to
be in some way connected with some of the very numerous aUiances
of the Ormonds or Babingtons.
In another window of the south aisle, but outside the Babington
quire, was Babington impaUng gu., seven masoles, 3, 2, 1, or
(Ferrers), commemorating Sir Anthony's second marriage ; and the
same coat also appeared in one of the clerestory windows on the
south side.
The clerestory windows must have been all treated as memorials
to this famUy and its numerous alliances. Bassano notes in one
of them the words " George Leeche . . . Babynton . . .
wyfe;" and in another, the names and escutcheons of Philip
Okeover, or his wife, Elizabeth Babington. These memorials to two
of the sisters of Sir Anthony are to be taken simply as such, and
not implying the burial of the persons named at Ashover ; for
Anne Babington, as has been aheady stated, was buried with her
second husband at TeversaU, and George Leeche, who died" in
1505, at Edensor.
A clerestory window on the north side bore, in one pane, a
quartered (joat, 1st and 4th arg., a cinquefoU, az., on a chief,
gu., a lion passant guardant, or (EoUeston) ; 2nd and Brd vert, on
a bend, arg.,- three crosses flory, sa. (Winfield); impaling or, three
chevronells, vaire (TurvUe). The ancient connection between the
EoUestons and Winfields has been already given, and it further
appears that the mother of James RoUeston, of the Lea, was Jane,
daughter and heir of Rafe Winfield, of Ashover.t
The marriage between Thomas RoUeston and EUzabeth TurvUe
has also been noticed, which is commemorated by this coat. The
"" These fifteen quarterings are copied from Bassano; the account in Add. MSS.
6667 varies very slightly, except in number 8, which there reads. Argent, a lion ram
pant, gules. In Nichols' description of Ashover Church, based upon these two
accounts, there are two blunders in the transcript of these coats, vie., in number 2,
where for "muUets" read "martlets," and in number 4, where for "three "read
" eight." — Nichols' Collectanea, vol. ii, p. 100.
t Nichols' Collectanea, vol. viii., p. 326.

34 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Visitations give seven generations of this old family previous to its
becoming absorbed in that of RoUeston. In the middle pane of
the same window was the quartered coat of RoUeston and Winfield
impaling Babington, and in the third pane the quartered coat by
itself, under it — " Ora  statu Thomse  ejus ac paren
 " This inscription makes it possible that Thomas RoUes
ton, as weU as his son Francis and his father James, obtained
burial in the church at Ashover.
The east window of the north aisle, in the RoUeston quire, also
contained several coats. In the middle pane was quarterly, Ist
and 4th, gu., on a bend, arg., three cross crosslets fitchee, sa.
(Eeresby); 2nd, Barry, gu. and arg., a canton, erm. f- 3rd, gu.,
three goats, arg. (Gotham.) In another pane was RoUeston.
Margaret Babington, one of the daughters of Thomas, son and heir
of Sir Anthony Babington, married Thomas Eeresby, of Thribergh,
Yorkshire, and of Eastwood Old HaU, in Ashover. Thomas was
the son and heir of Eobert Eeresby, by Anne, daughter of Robert
Swift. The family of Eeresby possessed Eastwood Old HaU in
the reign of Henry IIL, and sold it in the time of James I.
The east window of the chancel contained, according to Bassano,
this inscription— "Brian Eood  hujus Eector banc novam
fabricam fieri fecit;" according to another account, ". . . . Eoos
rector hujus ecclesiae banc novam fabricam fieri fecit."
Judging from the extensive remains of painted glass that existed
here one hundred and fifty years ago, it is probable that All Saints,
at Ashover, was unsurpassed by any church of the county in the
beauty and interest of its windows. The^ removal and defacing of
aU images, ordered by Edward VI. , in 1548, was interpreted to
mean the destruction of all the figures of saints in the windows;
but many images both of glass and stone escaped or were replaced,
until the year 1643, when Parliament, by an Ordinance " for the
utter demolishing, removing, and taking away of all monuments
of superstition or idolatry," completed the work. But special ex
emptions were made, " that this Ordinance^ shall not extend to any
Image, Picture, or Coate of Arms in Glass, Stone, or otherwise, in
* This second quartering we give in the text in the exact words of Bassano. But,
as an instance of the capricious and uncertain phraseology of heraldic descriptions
of those days, it may be noted that the same coat ou a pew is described by Bassano
as—" Barry of 31) pieces in a canton 3 fusils," and in the Add. MSS. it reads—" Barry
of iHx canton verry," and on the pew, "Barry of four pieces in a canton three
fiisils." Probably Nichols is right iu rendering it— " 4?-.9., three pair of gemeUes,
&'m., on a canton, Gu., three fusils conjoined in fess." All are equaUy at a loss as to
what famUy the coat pertained, but it is explained ou, a subsequent page.

ASHOVER. 35
any Church, ChappeU, &0i, set up or graven onely for a monument
of any King, Prince, or Nobleman, or other dead person which
hath not been commonly reputed or taken for a Saint; but that
aU such Images, Pictures, and Coates of Armes may stand and con
tinue in Uke manner and forme as if this Ordinance had never
been made."* It is not unhkely that the glory ofthe Ashover
windows remained tiU this latter date, for, from the hint of
Bassano, we know that it was visited and despoiled of some of
its brasses at the time of " ye Grand Eebellion," and, in the
destruction of the images on glass, much of the heraldry would
also suffer. And now the indifference and ignorance of subsequent
" improvers " have swept away even the last vestige of these speak
ing rehcs of the past.
The church underwent some extensive repairs in 1799, and Mr.
Wolley, -writing at the time, says^"It wUl give you pleasme to
be informed that the gravestones, painted glass in the windows,
and the carved arms on the pew doors, wiU all be carefully pre
served and replaced." But so far as the painted glass was con
cerned, this good intention does not appear to have been carried
out, for several years previous to the restoration of 1843, another
visitor could only find a single mutilated coat of Dethick. This
latter visitor sayst — "The nave and aisles are heavily pewed with
oak, and the names of the proprietors, according to the custom of
the country, are carved upori the pew doors." This is another
custom of which but very few traces remain in Derbyshire, and
which subsequent alterations have almost destroyed at Ashover.
The Reresbys, in whose famUy the advowson of the church long
rested, naturaUy had then- pews in the chancel, and on one of
these were the initials T. R., M. R., and Reresby impaling Babing
ton. On another pew was a quartering, 1st, Eeresby, 2nd, arg.,
three pair of gemeUes, gu., 'on a canton, gu., three fusUs con
joined in fess; 3rd, arg. on a fess double cotised, gu., three fleurs-
de-Us, or (NormanvUe) ; 4th, gu. three goats, arg. (Gotham).
Over the coat the crest of a goat passant, and on another part
of the same pew the word " Eeresbie." These quarterings may
be thus explained from the pedigree of the Eeresby famUy given
in the Yorkshire Visitations. Ralph Eeresby married Margaret,
daughter and heiress of Ealph NormanvUe, and their great-grand
son Thomas Eeresby married CecUia, daughter and co-heiress of
• "A Collection of all thePublicke Ordinances from 1642 untill 1646," p. 308.
t G. T. G. of Nichols' Collectanea.

36 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Eichard Gotham, of Gotham. The second coat of this quartering
was also borne by NormanvUe at the time of the alUance above
named, and it formerly appeared with the Eeresby quartermgs in
the church windows of Chesterfield, Hope, and Rotherham.*-
One other family memorial in the nave deserves notice. It is a
mural monument to the memory of the Dakeyn family, and is
placed over the last arch on the north side. It consists of a plain
black coloured stone with the foUowing inscription in white letters :
" Gulielm Dakeyn. Norroy. Pater Eichardi hat. Hartingt Sepult
London, obit. 1530. Oct. 19." Here the stone is divided as though
the upper portion had been part of an older monument, and then
foUow the words, ^tubbin Edge, and the names of four other Da-
keyns, viz : — Eichard, 1581, aged 81 ; Arthur, 1632, aged 59 ;
Henry, 1671, aged 57 ; and Arthur, 1720, aged 77. On looking
at this monument it is at once apparent that the upper portion is
several years later than the date 1530. The reason that causes
us to draw atention to it is the untruth which it commemorates.
"Norroy" (or king of the north) was the title of the third king-
at-arms of the Herald's College, and he had the same jurisdiction
north of the Trent which " Clarencieux " had on the south. It
does not, however, appear that William Dakeyn ever was Norroy
King-at-arms, and it is. most likely that this was a forgery of his
grandson, WiUiam Dakeyn, in order to give more authority to his
various inventions. William Dakeyn was apprehended by warrant
from the Earl of Essex, Earl Marshall, on 31st December, 1597,
for issuing false pedigrees and grants of arms " under hand and seal
of Clarencieux. "t He had previously been condemned to the pillory
and loss of one ear for a similar offence, but on this occasion he
was treated more leniently, for he was let off upon giving security,
and making a fuU confession of his various forgeries, which are
stiU preserved in a volume at the CoUege of Arms.
The tower contains a peal of five bells. The foUowing are their
inscriptions in the order in which wo decyphered them : —
I. " All men that heare my mournfuU sound
Eepent before you in the ground.
E. B...G. C. Wardens, 1630." On the top of the beU are the
initials T. B.- faintly cut, and the founder's mark, below the legend,
is that of George Oldfield.
*Harl. MSS. 6070, f. 177. Nichols' Collectimea, vol. iii., p. ,3.19. Add. MSS. 28,
111., f . 101. See, also, the account of this coat under Ohesterfleld.
t Lyson's Correspondence. Add. MSS. 9448, f. 174. If this is correct it seems
that he torged both as Norroy and Clarencieux.

ASHOVER. 37
II. " Sweetly toling men do call
To taste on meats that feede the soule."
This legend is not unfrequently found on church bells. The
date on this bell is 1625, and on the top are the initials G. H.'"
III. "My roaringe sounde doth warning give-
That men cannot heare always live."
The date of this is also 1625, and the initials 1. T. are on the
top. IV. "Abraham Eedfin, C. W., 1751. Tho. Hedderley, Founder."
The scroll work round the shoulder and rim of this bell is beauti
fully finished.
, V. " The old beU rung the downfaU of Bonaparte.t and broke
AprU, 1814. J. and E. Smith, Founders, Chesterfield. George
Eaton, and S. Banford, churchwardens."
Fixed between the muUions of one of the windows of the bell-
chamber is the old Sanctus beU. It is destitute of inscription or
date, and is simply ornamented with a cable moulding. Its
original situation was in a roughly constructed bell-cot, formed of
three stones, which can be plainly seen on the gable of the east
end of the nave ; the upper stone being pierced with the socket
which supported it.
In 1291 Ashover Church was valued at £23 6s. 8d. per annum,
aud in the King's Books at £24 3s. IJd. The Parliamentary
Commissioners describe it as a parish church" and parsonage of tbe
value of £136 ; Mr. Emanuel Bourne was then minister, and is
praised as "an honest and able man."
This is not the place to descant on the romantic situation of the
picturesque vUlage of Ashover, but, by whatever route the traveUer
approaches it, one of the most charming features of the landscape
is the Ught and graceful spirC of the parish church, tapering above
the foUage of the trees in which it is nestled, and we hope these
"Notes" may induce him to pause and make a closer inspection
of the many objects of interest with which this church is connected .
* These initials most Ukely stand for Godfrey Heathcote. We do not recoUect
meeting -with the name of Heathcote, of Chesterfield, iu any work on campanology,
but a deed of 2 Elizabeth speaks of "Eadus Hethoote nuper de Chesterfeld, beU-
founder." Add. MSS. 6667, f. 307. Godfrey Heathcote, ironmonger (and probably
bell-founder), was Mayor of Chesterfield several times at the commencement of the
seventeenth century. See Glover's History of Derhyshvre.
tThis beU is probably unique. We sent this inscription to Notes and Queries (4th
S. ix. p. 466), but could not hear of any other EngUsh ohurch-beU bearing the name
of Bonaparte.

38 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

®i^c ei^apelrg of 4Pett)tclt.

HE precise date at which chapelries were founded can usuaUy
be settled with much more precision than is the case with
the mother-churches, and the chapel of Dethick,. an off
shoot of the mother-church of Ashover, is no exception to the rule.
This chapel, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, and not to St. John,
as Lysons has it, was founded in 1279 by Geoffrey Dethick, and
Thomas, the Prior of FeUey in Nottinghamshire. This Priory of
Felley was instituted by Ralph Brito about the year 1154. The
Chantry EoU, of the time of Edward VI. , thus describes this
chapel and its foundation : — " The -ChappeU of St. John Baptyste
in Detheke founded by Jeffrey Dethyck and Thomas somtyme Prior
of Fellye did bynde himself and the Covent to paye v marks yerehe
owte of fhe lands in Ashover towards the provydynge of a prest
to saye Devyne ser-vice, for his soule, etc., dated A. Dom.
MOOLxxix., Ixxius, uijd. Thurstan PaUriman, chaplyn. It is
distaunte from the Paryshe Churche iij myles and Sir Jeffreye
Dethyke, Knight, dyd opteyn a lycense of the Bysshoppe of Coventrye
and Lychfeld to have devyne service and to receyve sacraments of
the Churche for hymn and his famyly dated uij Febr. A. Dom.,
Mccxxviii. The incumbent hath a lodgynge of the valewe of
vjs. viijrf. The goods etc. is borrowed of the heyres of the sayd
Dethyk." It seems then, that though it may be correct to speak
of the chapel as founded, i.e., endowed, in 1279 (probably by the
wiU of Sir Geoffrey) a license for the celebration of divine service
was obtained fifty years earlier, which wiU be the date when the
erection of the chapel was commenced, or at aU events decided upon
in the mind of the founder. In the last year of the reign of Hem-y
IV. (1312) a chantry was founded in this chapel by Eoger de
Wyngerworth, of the value of twenty shillings, the income being
derivable from two messuages, consisting of a hundred acres of land
and four acres of meadow, in " Selyoke and Halose."

¦ V

DETHICK. 39
The chapel consists simply of a nave and chancel under a single '
roof, and an embattled tower at the west end. This tower, which
we shall shortly describe more particularly, is an interesting example
of late Perpendicular, bearing on the west front the date, 1532.
It is obvious that the building was thoroughly restored at this
time, when the waUs were raisedj and upper or clerestory windows
inserted. It is most unusual to meet with these windows where
there are no side aisles. There are three of them on the north
side and four on the south, being square-topped, two-Ught windows,
with cinquefoil heads. On the south side, at the east end, there
is a large three-light window of the same pattern. There is also
a small deeply- splayed lancet -window on each side of the chapel ;
these two -windows doubtless formed part of the original buUding
erected by Sir Geoffrey. The simple pointed doorway, too,
on the south side, and the corresponding one on the north,
now built up, show by their general character, and especially
by the dripstone with which they are shielded, that they belong to
the early EngUsh period. Perhaps also this may be the case
with the piscina niche to the south side of the altar. The lower
masonry of the side walls is of a ruder construction than that in
which the clerestory -Windows are inserted, and we may safely
conjecture that the older portion of these walls, as weU as the doors
and -windows just described, are' a part of the chapel for which
a Ucense was obtained from the Bishop in 1228. Their style much
more corresponds with that which was in vogue about 1230 than
in 1279, when it is popidarly supposed that the chapel was buUt,
for at the latter date the Decorated style was succeeding to the
Early EngUsh. The chancel window, the top of which has been
somewhat clumsUy restored of late years, is the only example of
true Decorated that we noted in the buUding. In the north waU
of the chancel is a large square recess, partly closed by slabs of
stone, used formerly .as an almery or receptacle for the sacred
vessels, &c. ; but besides this there is no other point of interest
in the interior of the church, nor any monumental remains, as
neither the buUdmg nor churchyard had any right of sepiiltare
pertainmg to them. The roof is almost flat, supported by heavy
transverse beams after the style that universally prevailed at the
close of the Perpendicular period. The timber is now all new,
its restoration after the old pattern, in consequence of a fire that
occurred at Christmas, 1872, having just been accomplished. The
narrow high archway, that leads under the tower at the west end

40

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

of the church, has a pecuhar appearance, as only one of the jambs
or sides has been chiselled into mouldings. The reason of this
curious defect is, however, obvious, it being a necessity to give
sufficient strength to carry up the circular stairway on the south
side of the tower ; for the tower is very narrow in proportion to its
height, and its ' design did not permit of the steps being placed
in a turret which would form an excrescence on the outside.
It now remains to give some detaUs respecting this tower with
its elaborate armorial bearings. The tower is crested with a Ught
battlement, on one of the stones of which is the date, 1866, pointing
to its recent renewal ; and it is surmounted at the south-east angle
by an elegant open turret. There is a smaU doorway at the west,
above it being a pointed window of three principal lights with
debased Perpendicular tracery. The bell-chamber windows are of
the same design, but of only two lights, and below them is arcade
work consisting of simUar windows fiUed up with masonry. Between
them runs a broad frieze or belt aU round the tower, upon which
are sculptured numerous armorial bearings. Though the tower
has not yet stood for three-and-a-half centuries, many of these
shields are partiaUy defaced, and some almost entirely. We have
spent considerable time in the rather laborious work of decyphering
the bearings, but are happily aided in our task by a description of
them taken last centm-y, when they could be read with greater
ease. This description is preserved amongst the Wolley MSS., and
it was utiUzed and amended in the account of Ashover and Dethick,
pubUshed by Nichols, from which we have akeady quoted. Bassano
also visited Dethick about the year 1710, but though he was generaUy
so careful in detaiUng everything connected with his science, he
appears to have found these elaborate coats too much for him ;
and in his account of the church (not hitherto published), he contents
himself with describing those on the lower part of the tower as
foUows : —
" Dethick Chappell, south side of steeple, Bezants a label of 3
poynts, Babington, to which is impaled 7 mascles, 3, 3, 1, with a
label of 3 points.
" Supporters griffin and unicorn. On north side of steeple
same, but worn. On west side over door, 'Anno verbi incarnati,
1630.'" The elaborate heraldic display on the tower wUl be chiefly ex
plained by !i reference to the account of the Babington family and

DETHICK. 4 1
their • aUiances, in the description of Ashover Church, but a brief
additional note or two are requhed.
As early as the reign of Henry III. Dethick belonged to an
ancient famUy who took their name from the manor. In the reign
of Edward IIL, Sir Geoffrey Dethick and his brother married the
two coheiresses of Annesley.* But in the reign of Henry VI. ,
the elder line, resident at Dethick, became extinct by the death,
in battle, of Eobert, eldest son of Sir WUliam Dethick, and of
Eobert's only son, Thomas. The eldest sister and cohehess of
Thomas Dethick married Thomas Babington, the younger sister
marrying Pole, of Heage. Eoger, the second son of Sir WilUam
Dethick, settled at Derby, and from him were descended Sh
GUbert and Sir WUUam Dethick, who successively held the office
of Garter King-at-Arms. WUliam, the thu-d son of Sir William
Dethick first mentioned, married the hen-ess of Curzon of BreadsaU ;
and his two younger brothers, John and Eeginald, married two of
the co-heiresses of MeyneU of NewhaU.
Dethick thus passed into the hands of Babington, by the marriage
between IsabeUa Dethick and Thomas Babington, at the commence
ment of the fifteenth century. The precise date is not known, but
it occurred sometime prior to 1431, as is proved by the following
extract from the records of 10 Henry VI. , quoted by Nichols.
" Finis inter Thomam Babington armig. et Isabellam uxor, ejus
querentes, et Thomairi Chaworth militem, et W. Babington mUi-
tem et W. Ugarthorp armig. deforcientes de Maner. de Deth. et
Lutchurch, cujus uno prato et ij messuag et iij bovat. terrse in
Whittington, et de advocatione cappeUa Sancti Johan. Baptiste
de Deth, etc."
The eldest son, Thomas, transmitted the estate to his son and
heir Henry, and Henry's son and heir was the unfortunate Anthony
Babington who was executed for high treason in 1586, having
taken part in a plot for the rescue of Mary Queen of Scots,
who was then in capti-vlty at Winfield Manor House. The
Manor of Dethick would then have been escheated to the crown,
but Anthony, knowing the dangerous nature of his consphaoy,
had previously made it over to his younger brother, George,
together with other landed property. George Babington, however,
soon became involved through his extravagances in pecuniary
difficulties, and the estate was sold to Wednesley Blackwall,
Esq., and eventually became the property ofthe Hallowes.
* Nichols' Ci'Ufctanea, vol. viii., p. 323.

42 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
The chapel of Dethick was, of course, held by the owner of
the manor through all its vicissitudes, indeed it almost formed
a part of the extensive mansion of the Babingtons, from which
it was only separated by a few yards. The tower was erected
by Sir Anthony Babington, mentioned above, who died in 1544;
and the various inter-marriages of the family which we have
just enumerated will explain the reason of the presence of the
different coats of arms. The escutcheons are not described at
length, when they have already been given under Ashover.
On the south side of the frieze or belt that encircles the
tower, are three shields.
I. Babington impaling Fitzherbert.
II. Babington, impaling quarterly 1st and 4th, Dethick with a
label ; 2nd and 3rd effaced, but Dethick usuaUy quartered the
coats of AUestree of Tm-nditch, and Stafford of- Grafton, with
which families they had intermarried, though it is now quite
impossible to trace these bearings. The label on the Dethick
coat was -probably used to mark the heiress of the elder branch.
It was subsequently dropped.
III. Babington impaling Dethiclr.
On the west side are four shields,
I. Babington impaling Dethick.
II. Babington impaling Alfreton. There are supporters to
this shield that are described by Wolley as "indistinct, ap
parently two baboons," and Nichols adds that " the supporters
used by Sir Anthony Babington were two baboons upon tuns,
in the false wit of the age — Baboon-tun." The wainscote of
the hall of old Babington House, at Derby, was ornamented
with carvings of these baboons, an engraving of whieh is given
in Simpson's History of J)erby.
III. Babington impaUng Ferrers. This shield also has in
distinct supporters. "Apparently the lion and the dragon, the
Eoyal supporters of the time of Henry VIII." The royal sup
porters were often used, says Nichols, by men of rank to denote
attachment to the reigning monarch. Sir Anthony Babington
has introduced them upon Kingston Chapel, Notts. This use
of the royal supporters is a strange heraldic liberty, and was
probably done in those days without express permission.
IV. " Babington, with a crescent in chief, higher than the
label, impaling a bend between 6 cross crosslets, Longvillers."
Ou the north side are four coats, aU much defaced.
1. Babington impaling Dethick.

DETHICK. 43
H  impaling Babmgton. The first half of this
shield, which is quite iUegible, except that it appears to have
borne a quartered coat, is supposed to have borne the quarter
ings of EoUeston of Lea.
III. Sa., on a chief, or., a demi-lion rampant gu. (Markham),
impaling Babington.
IV. Babington impaling  This cannot now be de-
cyphered, but it is suggested that it was, paly of 5, w and
azure, the arms of Constable of Kinolton.
On the east side there are also four coats.
I. Babington impaling, sa., a lion rampant, armed and lan-
gued, gu., within an orle of cinquefoUs, arg. (Clifton).
II. As the first.
III. Indistinct, apparently as the first, but Nichols thinks
that it is possibly the arms of Elizabeth, daughter of Sir
Anthony, who married Sir George Pierpoint ; as the Pierpoint
coat was arg., a seme§ of cinquefoils, and a lion rampant, sa.
IV. Babington, on a chief the cross of St. John of Jerusa
lem. Sir Anthony's brother John was, as we have already
stated, a knight of St. John. Sir John Babington was a
knight of much fame in the order, and held several of the
most important oiBces. He was Preceptor of Dalby and Eothley,
and Eeceiver General of England. He was appointed Grand
Prior of Ireland on the 15th of June, 1527, which offioe he
exchanged for the stUl more honourable one of Turoopolier, just
a year later. The TurcopoUer was the commander of the
Turcopoles or light cavalry, and to him was entrusted the coast
defences of the island of Ehodes and subsequently of Malta.
It was an office specially reserved for the head of the English
contingent of the knights of St. John. The office must, how
ever, have been a sinecure when held by Sir John Babington,
for the knights were expelled from Ehodes in 1522, and did
not obtain possession of Malta till 1530. On the 7th of January
of that year. Sir John resigned the high office of TurcopoUer,
and was appointed to the BaUli of Aquila, Aquila or Ecle
being a preceptory situated about seven miles from Lincoln.
Here it appears that he died, three years after the erection of
the tower at Dethick, viz., in 1533."'
We have now completed the description of all that can be
decyphered On the frieze round the tower, but on the south
* Porter's History of the Knights of Malta, vol., ii, pp. 290, 294, 299, 323.

44 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
side, some ten feet from the ground, is a large shield of
Babington impaUng Ferrers (Sir Anthony's second wife). WoUey
speaks of the royal supporters being used here, but in this
case one of the supporters is, to all appearance, an unicorn,
and we thought that this animal was not used as a royal
supporter tUl the time of James I. The 'lion,' too, has a
greater resemblance to a bear than to the king of beasts. The
crest is a -wyvern's head between two wings displayed, and
above it is the Babington motto Foy est tout. Over aU are
the letters A.B., H.C. The shield rests upon a. tun, having
allusion' to the last syllable of the family name. Nichols men
tions another favourite device of the punning heralds of this
family, a babe issuing from a tun, a device that forms a
curious cornice at Kingston. The inscription over the west
door, as already quoted from Bassano's notes, is still just legible
though several of the letters have almost crumbled out of
existence. The Chantry EoU, describing the chapel of Dethick, does not
enumerate any vessels or other properties, but says— "The
goods etc. is borrowed of the heyres of the sayd Dethyk." The
Babingtons were probably a sufficiently influential family to
forbid the Commissioners to take an inventory of the goods of
the chapel, which they regarded as their private property, and
hence they appear, too, to have saved them from sequestra
tion, for there was far more of ecclesiastical furnitm-e in Dethick
chapel in 1558, than was the case with many a larger church,
as is proved by the will of Thomas Babington.* This wUl is
dated the 10th of November, 1558, just about the time of the
accession of Queen Elizabeth and the re- estabhshment of the
Protestant faith. The wiU bears traces of this time of religious
change, for the writer is evidently puzzled whether to stylb the
ecclesiastic in charge "priest" or "minister," and solves the
difficulty by the use of both expressions. In it Thomas Babing
ton bequeaths to his heir — "The belles, and the cloke (clock),
the bowks, and vestments, the chailes of sylver, and the orna
ments and inclothment of my chappell of Dedyke, and my
selUnge Eyinge of gold that was left unto me by my grand
father (ancestor?) Thomas Babington, and I also dowe geve
ordere and wyUe that he that ys my said eare, being of the
adge of xxi years shall for the spayse of 16 years at leaste
•Add, MSS., 6668 f. 99.

DETHICK. 45
next after my desseasse earlye fynde kepe have sustayne at the
chappell of Dedyke one honeste and abelle preste and menester
to selebrat and dowe devyne servis day lye thear, and that my
sayd eare shall fynde the said menester or preste competent and
convenyent meat drinke and lodginge fyer and fuelle and to
him yearlye 4 li of lawful moneye over and besydes the sayd
meat and drinke lodginge^ fyer and fuell duringe the sayd 16
yeares at leaste, and I wylle that Sir Mylles Whitworth shall
be. the sayd preste yf .he so wyUe and so long Ieve, and yf my
said eare so dowe not but reffuse or neglecte to fynde and
sustayne the said preste or to paye him as ys afforsayd, theu
I -wyll aU sutche tenements with the appurtenances in Alfreton
or thereabouts that belongs to the chantree of Alfreton, whearof
Sir Eobert Whit was chantre preste, and also .... tenements
in Somercots with the appurtenances to my executor for xx
years after my decease to support the Dedyke preste."
There is no trace of heraldic glass now left in the windows
of the chapel, but it was formerly well supplied, although
much mutUated at an early date. In Wyrley's copy of Flower's
Derbyshire Visitation (1569), with additions taken by himself in
1592, he says of the arms at Dethick: — "The glass is much
broken, but heare have I set downe of the fragments the re-
maynder." — *
I. Babington impaling Dethick.
II. Leche impaling Babington.
III. Babington impaling arg., on a saltire, az., five water
bougets, or, (SachevereU).
IV. Sa., a chevron between ten martlets, arg. (Benefeld.)
V. Arg., a cross flory, sa., within a border engrailed, gu.
(Walton). VI. Babington impaling Ferrers.
VII. Quarterly 1st and 4th Chaworth ; 2nd and 3rd paly of
six, or and gu., a bend surtout, arg. (Longford.)
The alliances signified by these escutcheons have been already
explained, with the exception of SachevereU, Benefeld, and Walton.
Thomas Babington, son and heir of Sir Anthony, the rebuilder
of this chapel, married Catharine, daughter of Henry SachevereU,
of Morley. We are unable to account for the presence of the
two other coats.
A later Visitatiori, taken in 1611, mentions, that " Thomas
*Harl. MSS., 6S92, f. 87.

46 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Babington, of Dethick, had nine sons and six daughters, as in the
chappell window at Dethick aforesaid/ whose names as they are
there expressed doe folowe." Then follows a list of the children
and their marriages, corresponding in the main with that already
given under Ashover.*
It only remains to note that the tower contains a single beU,
eighteen inches in diameter at the mouth, and bearing no inscrip
tion beyond the date, 1836. Close to the tower is a horizontal
metal sun-dial, fixed on the top of a stone pillar. It has no date,
but bears the maker's name, " Ealph Gosling."
*Harl. MSS., 1093.

LEA. 47

©Jje Qt^aptlv^ of %ta.

HE hamlet of Lea, which closely adjoins that of Dethick,
and forms part of the same township, is partly in
the parish of Ashover, partly in that of Crich, and
partly in South Winfield. In the reign of King John, the manor
of Lea belonged to Robert de Alveley. He left two daughters, his
coheiresses, the eldest of whom conveyed her moiety of the manor
to Ferrers, of Stockesley, in Staffordshire, and it was subsequently
sold by her son to Sir Geoffrey Dethick, through whom it came
into the hands of the Babingtons. The younger daughter conveyed
the other riioiety to one of the De la Leas, which was afterwards
purchased by the Frechevilles, who in their turn sold it, -in the
fourteenth century, to the EoUestons.
A chapel, dedicated to St. Mary, was founded here by Robert
Alveley, in the reign of John ; and that moiety of the manor of
Lea in which the chapel was situate, was for a long time dis
tinguished by the name of Leachurch (Lutchurch). In the tweUth
year of Henry IV., Eoger de Wingerworth founded a chanti-y in the
chapel, endowing it with xxs. issuing from three messuages, forty ,
acres of land (arable), and four acres of meadow in Stanley. This
chapel is thus described in the Chantry RoU: — "The Chauntrye
of Legghe founded by Robert Alveley for a pryste to mayntayne
Godds Service at the chappeU of the Leighe because there is no
pareyshe church nere by j myles a halfe, and there to pray for
the founders soule, etc. There ys many hamletts adjoynyng to
the chappel xlviis. clere livs. viijc?. iiij. in rent? resolute. Thos.
Roughbotham chauntrye preste. It is distant from the Paryshe
churche iij myles. It hath a mancyon house and lands prysed att
xuj«. iujc^. by yere, stock liijs. xd"

48 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Amongst Reynolds' Church Notes we find the foUowing passage
relative to this chapel :—" Upon Mr. Nightingale's barn (standing
by the ^ yew tree at the town head) in Lea, in the parish of Ash
over, CO. Derby, which formerly was a chappel, and is stUl caUed
the chappel barn, is this inscription -wrote upon each side of a
window (which I copied off in 1768) — ' Anno Domini 1478. Thys
chapel was made.' "* Lysons, writing in 1817, speaks of this
inscription as " stUl visible," but we failed to find either inscrip
tion, or window, or any other certain trace of an ecclesiastical
buUding. An old inhabitant showed us the barn, traditionaUy
spoken of as the chapel, and said that he recoUected, as a boy, an
old oak reading desk standing in one corner ; but the buUding, if
we hit upon the right one, has now been completely changed in
character, and is divided into two stories, the lower one being, at
the time of our visit, appropriated as a kennel for sporting dogs.
* A rough pen-and-ink sketch is given of this window (Add. MSS. 6670, f. 267),
from which it appears that it was a pointed Perpendicular window of two principal
Ughts.

liaplboPQQgg.

{Parlfioroug^.

JHE first historical mention of Barlborough occurs in the
wUl of Wulfric Spott, 1002, to which we have occa
sion to refer in several of our descriptive notices of
the Derbyshire Churches. By this vnU the manor of Barl
borough, like the adjacent ones of Clown and Eckington, was
bestowed on Morcare, and did not form part of the endowment
of Burton Abbey, as asserted by Lysons. At the time of the
Domesday Survey it was held by Robert under Ealph Fitzhu-
bert. It is supposed that this Eobert was ancestor of Eobert
de Metnell. One of his co-heiresses brought the manors of
Barlborough, Killamarsh, and WhitweU to Sir Matthew de Hather-
sage in the reign of John ; and in the latter end of the
reign of Henry IIL, the co-heiresses of Hathersage brought it
in moieties to the families of GoushUl and Longford.
The moiety belonging to the Longfords continued in their
famUy for several generations. In 12 Edward I. Oliver de
Longford is described as possessed of a manor at Barlborough,
and in the 32nd year of the same reign mention is made of
one John de Longford as the owner. The Inquisitions also of
30 Edward III. and 3 Henry IV. prove that it continued
with the Longfords. Indeed it was not tiU 1610 that it left
the famUy, when, at the death of Sir Nicholas Longford, it
was conveyed by one of his co-heiresses to a younger branch
of the Poles of Wakebridge. The last representatives of this
marriage, two maiden ladies, both died in the year 1755.
The history of the other moiety is not so ^asy to trace,
but it was held in 20 Edward II. by Walter de GoushiU and
his wife Margaret, by Thomas de GoushUl in 48 Edward IIL,
and apparently remained in the famUy till about the close of
the fifteenth century, for Anthony Wingfield who had married

52 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
a co-heiress of Sir Eobert GoushUl, suffered a recovery in
1513. In 1521 Thomas, Earl of Derby, died seized of a manor
at Barlborough, his uncle Edward Stanley in 1523, and Sir
William Holies, sometime Lord Mayor of London, in 1542.
Queen Mary, in 1544, granted the manor, that had belonged
here to the Stanleys, to Dame Anne Stanhope ; and Sir Thomas
Stanhope sold it in 1571 to Sir Eichard Pype, another Lord
Mayor of London, who died seized of it and of the advowson
of the rectory in 1587. These various changes all appear to
relate to the moiety inherited by the Goushills, but there are
other records relative to manors at Barlborough that are not
so easy of explanation. A survey of Barlborough, taken in
1630, describes three parks, and this probably points to the
subdivision of the manor into three moieties at sometime in
its history. In this way and this only, can we account for
the fact that, though one moiety of the manor was in the
hands of the Longfords throughout the sixteenth century, and
though the history of the second moiety at the same period
can be accurately traced, Francis Rodes, who was made one of
the Justices of Common Pleas in 1585, purchased an estate,
described as the Manor of Barlborough, of the Sehokes about
the same time. That there was some dispute, however,
about the manorial rights, is made evident by a lawsuit on the
subject between Humphrey Pype, son of the above-named Lord
Mayor, and Sir John Bodes, the son of Francis Rodes. Even
tually it seems that Sir John Eodes purchased Pype's moiety,
in whose famUy the manorial rights and the advowson of the
church stUl remain. This third manor, purchased of the Sehokes
by the Eodes, who had for several generations Uved at Staveley
Woodthorpe, was probably the one described in the reign of
Edward I. as " the manor of Ada de Grydeling and the park
of Barlborough," which was then held by WUliam de Faucon-
berg, and in the next reign by John de Stuteville. This
estate of the Sehokes had previously belonged to the Constables
of Yorkshire, to whom, we think, it came by marriage, but we
have faded to ascertain in what way. Stephen Constable of
Catfoss in Holderness is said to have been ," seized of the
manor of Balbroke (Barlborough), now in possession of Sh John
Eodes."* * Vincent's Derbyshire (College of Arms), 156. The pre-viona information about
the manor is taken from the various Inquisitions, Quo Warranto and Patent EoUa,
the references to which would be too numerous for quotation.

BARLBOROUGH. .58
We have been thus particular in trying to trace out the _
respective owners of the divided manor, in order to explain the
cause of the armorial bearings on the church, which we shaU
presently describe.
The Domesday Survey speaks of this manor and that of
Whitwell being held conjointly, and chronicles the then exist
ence of a church and a priest, but whether situate at Barl
borough or Whitwell it is impossible now to say -with certainty.
Although a fine cruciform church must have been erected at
WhitweU not many years after the Conquest, we failed to find
any trace of the existence of a building prior to the advent of
WUUam, and are inclined to think that the claims of Barl
borough as the older church are superior. Barlborough was
evidentiy the more important place when the Survey was taken,
for not only is it mentioned first, but tbe name in the original
document is traversed by a red line, which was used by the
Norman scribes to particularise places of more especial note.
Moreover, though the present building may not show any suffi-
. cient trace of early work to justify our surmise, there is a
memorial tn the churchyard, against the north side of the
tower, which points to early sepulture upon this spot. This
memorial is a rude stone coffin, originally formed of one block
of stone hollowed into a trough, and with a circular receptacle
for the head at the wider end, but now broken into four
fragments. It measures, in its outside dimensions, six feet nine
inches by two feet four, and apparently is not of later date
than the eleventh century. This coffin, according to notes
taken by Dr. Pegge, was exposed at the foot of the tower
nearly one hundred and fifty years ago, though it was then on
the south side and unbroken.
The church is dedicated to St. James, of which there is no
reasonable doubt, though certain modern Directories of Derby
shire, -without any apparent cause, persist in ascribing it to St.
Matthew. The buUding consists of a nave, chancel, north aisle,
and embattled tower. The nave is separated from the north
aisle by four semi-circular archways resting on three pillars,
two of which are octagon, and the other is channelled into a
quatrefoil shape. These afford clear proof of the erection of a
substantial church here in the later Norman days, in the reign
probably of Henry II. or Eichard I. ; and this church must
have been again much altered or rebuUt a little more than a

64 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
century later. The archway leading from the nave iuto the
chancel is supported by corbels terminating tn well-defined
fohage, and belongs to the Early English period of architecture.
It also seems as if parts of the present tower were then
erected, land this is not only indicated by the smaU pointed
light on the south side, but by the general appearance of the
masonry of the lower part of the waUs.
On the west front of the tower we find two stones engraved
with the following arms — Barry of six, a canton, ermine ; and
Paly of six, a bend. These are the respective arms of
GoushiU and Longford, who married the co-heiresses of Hather
sage, the former sole owner of the manor, and doubtless, also
of the advowson of this church. Now Sir Matthew de Hather
sage was Uving in 1248, and it seems probable that it was
about the close of the thirteenth century that these two famUies
rebuUt the church in the style of that period, the Early
English, and engraved their armorial bearings as a memento
on the waUs. Though the manor was divided between the
heiresses of Hathersage, it does not appear that this was the
case with the advowson of the church, for the inquisition at'
the close of the reign of Edward I. particularises John de
Longford as the owner of the church.* The main characteris
tics of this tower are of a much later date, but the stones
¦with the arms of the refounders of the chuxch would naturaUy
be preserved. The square-headed west door to the tower and
the window above it are comparatively modern innovations, for
we find from the interior that the west window has been
blocked up, and the present light only occupies a portion of
that space. The summit is ornamented with four pinnacles and
intervening battlements of debased Perpendicular, or possibly
still later style. Of this style, too, are the windows that light
the north aisle, and the whole of the chancel, including the five-
light east window, the south doorway, and the two south -windows.
Over these two south windows of the chancel are four more
coats of arms out tn stone. The first has the arms of GoushiU
repeated. The second is a quartered coat, 1st and 4th, a bend
upon a pale ; 2nd and 3rd Quarterly. The first bearing of the
first coat, though incorrectly given, probably owing to the exigen
cies of space that could ~ not be conquered by the stone hewer,
* Inq. post Mortem, 32 Edward 1., No. 24.

BARLBOROUGH. 55
appears to be intended for Longford, and the other for Solney, of
Ne-wton Solney. This family died out in the course of the four
teenth century, when the co-heiresses married Sir Nicholas Longford
and Sir Thomas Stafford, their arms being — Quarterly, arg. and
gu. The third coat is, a chevron fretty between three flem-s-de-lis.
Dr. Pegge attributed this coat to Sherley, a family of Kent, but
was unable to assign any reason for its presence here, nor have
we, though we have spent no little time in the search, been able
to find any alUance between the Sherleys and the Longfords, or
GoushiUs, or any other famUies connected with Barlborough. The
Sherleys bore — gu., a chevron counter-compony, arg. and sa., be
tween three fleurs-de-lis, or ; but this coat seems to us to corres
pond more nearly to one used by Delves, of Cheshire, &c. — arg.,
a chevron fretty, or, between three fleurs-de-lis, sa. WiUiam
Babington, of ChUwell, who was Sheriff of Derby and Notts, in
1456, was seized of lands at Barlborough. His daughter and
hehess, Etheldena, brought his estates to Sir John Delves. She
died in 1603.* This is the most satisfactory solution that we can
offer in connection with this escutcheon. The fourth shield bears
another quartered coat— 1st and 4th, a cinquefoU between eight
cross-crosslets (Constable of Freshmarsh) ; 2nd and 3rd, two bars
of five lozenges (Constable of Catfoss).
The connection of the Constables with Barlborough has been
aheady mentioned, but it remains to be explained that Stephen
Constable of Catfoss, who bore the fusiled bars, married EUza
beth, daughter and heiress of George Constable of Freshmarsh,
the older branch, and therefore bore his wife's arms in the
first place. There is yet one more armorial bearing to note.
To the left hand of the east -window of the chancel is a shield
charged with a muUet. This is the coat of Ashton. The con
nection of the Ashtons with Barlborough is thus explained in a
note from J. C. Brooke, " Somerset," dated Herald's CoUege,
16 AprU, 1781, to Dr. Pegge, the well-known Derbyshhe
antiquary— " Alexander Ashton lived at Barlborough, in Derby
shire. He married Helen, daughter of OtweU Culchath, and
had fame as of Kinwoldmarshe (KiUamarsh), living 1569.
Both KUlamarsh and Hathersage, where the Ashtons had pro-
• Pedigree of Babington, from a roU drawn by the CoUege of Arms in 1627.
A John-Delvys married EUzabeth, daughter of Henry Sothill, and widow of John
FreoheviUe ; John PrecheviUe died in 1509, and his tomb is stiU extant at Sta,veley.
Can this be the same Sir John Delves who married Etheldena Babington for his
flrst -wife? The FrecheviUes, also, at one time held property m Barlborough.
Nichols' GoUectanea, vol. iv. p. 4.

56 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
perty, anciently belonged to the GoushUls. It looks as if there
was some connection between them."*
It follows, then, as a fair conclusion from the presence of
these numerous coats of arms, that this chancel was rebuUt,
and probably the church generally restored, in the first half of
the sixteenth century, by the Constables, Ashtons, and Long
fords (and perhaps of the Delves), preserving on it also the
earlier arms of GoushiU and Longford.
It would have been well for its comeUness if the church
had undergone no later " restoration ; " but the round-headed
square-paned windows of the south side of the nave, and the
flat-ceiled roofs of the interior of both nave and chancel,
speak plainly of the abominations of the pseudo-Italian of the
last century. Nor have we long to seek for the authors of
this "beautifying," as it was generally termed. A small mural
brass at the east end of the north aisle records that : —
"In hopes of a blessed resurrection are hereunder deposited
the remains of Mrs. Margaret Pole and Mrs. Mary Pole, two
maiden sisters, whose lives were employed in the exercise of
piety and works of charity, in which they had a special regard
for the House of God, and his living temples, the poor;
whereof, as to the former, the handsome addition made to
this sacred edifice, and the new seating of another in an ad
joining parish [Killamarsh ?] ; and as to the latter, an alms
house erected in this town are generous instances ; as they
always joined together in these good works, so in their deaths
they were not long divided : Mrs. Margaret Pole died 7th
August, and Mrs. Mary Pole 17 September, 1755. "t
The recital of this inscription has brought us to the interior
of the church, of which we need only say in general terms
that its appearance is quite spoilt by the ceiled roofs, and the
ugly western gallery which blocks up the archway into the
tower. There are hardly any memorials of sufficient age to
warrant . our commenting upon them, though perhaps we may
* Pegge's Collections, vol. i. According to Flower's Visitation in 1569, the
Ashtons of KiUamarsh were descended from Sir John Ashton, a natural son of
Sir John Ashton of Ashton-under-Lyne, and bore a baton sinister across the muUet.
t The Eector of Barlborough informs us that it is generaUy understood that the
front of Barlborough Church was rebuilt by Mr. Gilbert Eodes, the same gentleman
who was concerned in the rebuilding of Elmton Church. He died in 1768. He
adds, however, that the date in the register of the " first child baptized in the new
church " and that of the Misses Pole is confirmatory of the view in the text. It is
quite possible that the two ladies restored one part, and Mr. Eodes another. The
parapet and pinnacles on the church were placed there in 1776.

BARLBOROUGH. 57
except that to Sir Eichard Pipe in the chancel, which bears
the foUovring inscription :—" Hic jacet Eicardus Pipe mUes, civis
quondam et major, London, et hujus rectori® solus patronus, qui
ultimum diem clausit 19 die Mensis Sept. A D. 1587 ; et retatis
suro 72."
Bassano, an heraldic painter of Derby, who visited this
church in the year 1705, says in his manuscript notes that
" within the altar raUs, south above Pipe's tomb, hangs an
helmet whh Pipe's crest upon it," but this has now long since
disappeared. There is, however, one monument in this church that is worthy
of detailed notice, and which has aheady excited no little interest
and comment. Bassano speaks of it as reared up against the east
waU of the chancel, and several subsequent accounts describe it as
"near to the communion table;" but this memorial must now be
looked for at the east end of the north aisle. The monument is
sculptured tn low-reUef, and is let into the floor nearly level
-with the pavement. It consists of an effigy of a female, and the
dimensions of the stone are six feet ten inches by two feet seven.
The figure, which is much mutilated, is dressed in a close-fitting
go-wn, and over it a long mantle fastened across the breast by a
cord secured . by two studs. She has her hands raised. On each
side of tbe head is a shield, the dexter one iUegible, and on the
sinister a bend. At the feet, too, is another shield supported by
two talbots coUared and beUed. Bassano says that at his "visit to
the church the shield at the dexter corner bore a saltier (Ne-vlle),
and the one at the sinister a bend between six martlets (Furnival),
whUst at the feet were the same arms impaled. He also records
that the foUo-wing was all of the inscription then legible. — "Hic
jacet . . . Johanne fil . . . her . . . Willielmi Four-
nival  Tho. . . ¦ . " He takes it to be the
memorial of Joan, wife of Sir Thomas Nevile, lord of Furnival,
in right of his wife, who was heiress to Wilham Lord Furnival,
and the last of the name tn direct line ; he died in 1383.
Furnival's Inn, London, was his residence in town. Joan had only
one daughter, who carried the great Furnival estates to John
Talbot, first Earl of Shrewsbury. She was married in 1384, and
buried at Worksop about the year 1395. Her husband died in
1406, and was buried on her right hand in the centre of the
chancel of the old Priory at Worksop. The upper portion of his

58 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
effigy is stUl extant at that church. * It is supposed that this
monument was removed a few years after the Reformation, when
great havoc was being made there. Judge Rodes, who was senes
chal to the Earl of Shrewsbury, is said to have obtained permission
for its translation to its present site, in order that it might grace
the church of his newly-acquired property at Barlborough, the
undivided patronage of which he had just secured. What is now
left of the marginal inscription is very difficult to decipher. "WU-
lielmi Pournivall" is stUl quite distinct, and the words immediately
preceding it, " hetr et uxor,'' but the remainder is too Ulegible to
hazard the committing of it to paper. Pigot, the ancient rhyming
chronicler of WorksOp Priory, thus speaks of the position that this
tomb formerly occupied : —
" Dame Johane is berved aboven the bye quere
Next Thomas NeviU that was her husband
In alabaster, an ymage. Sir Thomas right nera
As he is tumulate on her right hand,
And by her daughter Molde, we understand.
Went out the FurnivaUs, as by their name.
As Lovetofts by Dame Molde afore did the same."t
Close to this ancient tomb of Lady Furnival is the upper
portion of the old font. It is a large octagonal stone about
eighteen inches high, and two feet three inches in diameter, with a
basin ten inches deep. It is a pity that this old stone should
not be restored to its original use in the place of the modern
makeshift that now does duty. In the hoUow of this font
there is a smaU octagon- shaped stone, a model, as it were, of
a larger font. It stands ten inches high by eleven tn diameter,
and has a basin eight inches deep. Two smaU lips or handles
project from the sides about half-way up. We have little
doubt that this stone vessel formerly served the purpose of a
moveable stoup, to contain the consecrated water. It is usual
tn our churches, where stoups are left, to find them tn the
shape of basins or receptacles buUt into the waU at the en
trance to the doors, but it was not infrequent for them to be
movable vessels of different materials and placed on stands or
pedestals as occasion served. Bloxam quotes from an inventory
of Church goods of the year 1500, "a stope off lede for the
•Hunter's Hallamshire, p. 57. -An engraving of this monument, and of her ances
tor's at Worksop, are given in the new edition by Dr. Gatty. See also the new work
on TVorksop, dc, by Eobert White, where there is an admirable pedigree of the early
Lords of Worksop.
tThe Ehyming Chronicles of Worksop consist of twenty-nine stanzas, of whieh
this IS a fair specimen. The Chronicle is given in full in Dugdale's Monasticon, vol.
11., p. 937—939, from an ancient manuscript in the possession of the Talbots of Grafton.

BARLBOROUGH. 59
holy water atte the Church dore." We have ourselves dis
covered another of these detached stone stoups, of a slightly
different pattern, which we believe to have belonged to the old
chapel at Newbold, near Chesterfield. Dr. Pegge, writing about
the middle of last century, speaks of "a hole tn the waU for
holy water " at the end of this aisle, by which he probably meant
a piscina, but there is no trace of one now remaining.* He
also describes certain arms in fresco at the east end of the
north aisle, viz. : " a bend between 6 escallops, impaling a
saltire ermine ; crest of ye 1st an angel, of ye 2nd a buU's
head coupe." This would represent an aUiance of Sir Peter
FrechevUle, who died in 1634. He married for his second
¦wife Isabell NevUe, arms — gu., a saltire, erm. (the widow of
Richard Harpur of Swarkston.)t On a beam tn the nave, at
the east end, he noted seven coats, two of which he deporibes
as "gu., a cross potent, arg., and arg. a cross, gu." In a
south window was, "Quarterly; arg., 10 fusUs, 5 in a row;
gu., in ye fess point a cinquefoU, or, surrounded with 6 cross
crosslets of ye same." These are the arms of Fauconberg and
Cooke respectively, whose connection with the manor of Barl
borough has been aheady mentioned. On one of the old pews
were the arms and crest of Rodes, with the motto, " Occident,
Oecidens," and in another place the initials J. R., coupled with
the date 1636. These would, doubtless, be the initials of Sir
John Rodes, son of Judge Eodes ; he was High Sheriff for the
county tn the 38th of Elizabeth, and died tn September, 1639.
Bassano and Pegge both notice a shield bearing two chevrons
on a beam tn the north aisle. This, according to the tinctures,
might be either the coat of Musard, ancestor of the FrechevUles,
or of Alfreton, but the former is more probable in this situation.
One of the reasons that caused that eminent antiquary and
clerical pluraUst, Dr. Pegge, to give such an extended notice of
the church and manor of Barlborough, probably arose from the
fact, not mentioned in any ¦ account that we have seen of his
Ufe, that he was once presented to this living, at a time when
there was a dispute as to the patronage. A vacancy occurred
m 1733, and a dispute arose between Mr. Francis Pole of Park
HaU, and Sir John Eodes, who was a Quaker, and therefore
esteemed by certain Ulogical persons as incapable of exercising
* Pegge's CoUeotions, vol. v., pp. 17, 32, etc.
-f Nichols' Collectanea, vol. iv., p. 5.

60 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
the rights of patron. Mr. Pole appointed Dr. Samuel Pegge,
and Sir John Eodes selected Eev. Francis Bowler. The Bishop
issued a Jus Patronatus, and a jury was sworn and gave a
verdict in favour of Sh- John Eodes on the 29th of August,
1733, Mr. Pole deciding not to appear or persist in his claim.
The foUo-wing is a list given by Dr. Pegge, of the rectors and
patrons of Barlborough up to this date from the time when
the advowson came into the hands of Sir Eichard Pipe.
F. Nevill, presented by E. Pipe, 1574.
James Stephenson, 1597.
Bryan Heperstal, 1616.
J. Brocklehurst, presented by Dame A. Eodes, 1662.
Phineas Maw, presented by Sir J. Eodes, 1682.
James Cooke, presented by Sir J. Eodes, 1699.
Francis Bowler, presented by Sir J. Rodes, 1733.
There must, however, be an error or at aU events an in
completeness in this hst, for at the inquisition taken at Ches
terfield, 14th June, 1650, before the Parliamentary Commis
sioners, Mr. Brocklehurst, who is characterized as "an honest,
able preacher," held the U-vtng of Barlborough, which was then
worth "about fower score pounds." The church at Barlborough
was valued at £10 in the Taxation RoU of Pope Nicholas IV.,
and at £10 Is. 5id. in the time of Hemy VIII.
It only now remains to note the bells, which are five in number.
I. This bears the inscription in coarse gothic characters,
" Sum rosa pulsata mundi Maria vocata." The inscription is
preceded by the stamp of a cross pate, and followed by a
crown, but it has no other marks.
n. SimUar characters and stamps as the first beU, and the
inscription " Hujus Sti Jacobi.
III. The inscription in weU executed Lombardic characters is
" Gloria tn excelsis dec. Ihc." The bell founder's mark is a
fylfot cross tn a shield surmounted by the letters G.H. There
is no date, but the approximate date may be gathered from
the years that appear on other beUs -with identically the same
inscription and beU founder's mark. These vary from 1609 to
1620 or thereabouts. We have noted simUar beUs to this,
among other places, at WhitweU, Dronfield, Eckington, Atfreton,
Baslow, BonsaU, and Denby.
IV. Has no inscription or mark whatsoever.
V. " JM. Halton made me. Anno M.D.C.C.X.X.V."

leplotD.

{jSarlofD.

|NTIL the last few years Barlow (or Barley, as it was
more usuaUy termed) was merely a parochial chapelry,
attached to Staveley, although it was distant six- and-a-
half- miles from that place, and completely cut off by the interven
ing, parish of Whittington. We have failed to learn anything of the
early history of Barlow Church or Chapel, but the probabUity is
that the advowson was attached to the lordship of the manor. -
At the time of the Domesday Survey this manor was held by
Ascuit Musard. In the reign of Edward I., the family of Abitot,
or Apetoft possessed the manor,* but in the 18th year of Edward
IL, we read that Robert de Barlow held Barlow, under Ealph de
FrechevUle, on the tenure of military service and attendance in the
manor court. Lysons supposes that that branch of the Abitot
family which settled at Barlow, adopted the name of the manor
as their distinguished surname.
The church, which is of small dimensions, and is dedicated to St.
Lawrence, merely consists of a nave and south porch, with a chancel
of modern birth. The Domesday Book makes no mention of a church
at Barlow, but early in the Norman period one must have been here
erected. The high but narrow doorway inside the porch, with its
semi-circular head, is a proof of this, and ao also is one of the
deeply splayed single-light windows in tbe north wall. When the
church was restored, a few years ago, it was found that much of the
masonry of the Walls was put together in the rough way common to
the Norman period. In puUing down the east end to make way for
the chancel, the remains of five small rourid-headed windows were
found, as weU as a plain piscina in a semi-circular niche twelve
inches high, the basin itself being about eight inches in diameter.
* Jordanus de Apetoft held the manors both of Barley and Dronfield -Ihq. post-
mort., 2 Edw. I., No. 11.

64 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Norman piscinas are but rarely seen, and this has happily been
preserved in the east wall of the vestry, which now forms au
adjunct to the north side of the chancel. The Norman style has
been well carried out in the new chancel and vestry. Several
traces of fresco painting, chiefly consisting of scroll work of a
chocolate tint, were laid bare at the time of the alterations, but
they were not sufficiently durable to stand exposure to the at
mosphere. A window on the south side shows plain tracery, early in the
Decorated period. On the same side is a projecting chantry or
chapel, at the east end of which is a smaU two-light window with
a quatrefoil head, which is a good specimen of the same style, circa
1340. The south window of this chantry has five lights and affords
a curious example of debased Perpendicular. Another instance,
though perhaps of the "Churchwarden" era, may be seen in the west
window. The porch has a pointed archway resting on plain corbels,
and seems to date from the Decorated period. Immediately to the
west of the porch is an external staircase leading to a small
gaUery over the south chantry, which has been suffered stUl to
exist. The west end of the church bears a clumsy-looking beU-
turret, covered with shingles, which affords shelter to a single bell,
destitute, we were told, of any inscription.
The most interesting memorial contained in Barlow Church is
now fixed against the east wall of the nave, to the right of the
archway leading into the chancel. ' It consists of a slab of grit
stone, five feet five inches in length, and tapers in breadth from
nineteen inches at the top to thirteen at the bottom. It is orna
mented with a raised cross of elegant design, with fohage springing
from each side of the stem. On the dexter side is a Norman-
French inscription of two lines in Lombardic characters. The
inscription is very much worn, but enough remains legible to
prove that it is to the memory of Julia, wife of Adam Fraunceis,
and it apparently concludes with a promise of pardon of a certain
number of days to those who might offer a prayer for her soul.
This interesting stone was found built into the east waU of the
church, during the late restoration, where it formed the base of
the then east window. It was fortunately noticed by the Vicar in
time to save it from mutilation. Norman-French inscriptions pre
vailed in England from the time of the Conquest up to about the
year 1360; and, judging only from the style of the cross, we are
inclined to place the date of this memorial in the latter half of the

BARLOW. 65
thirteenth century. ' This supposition is confirmed by the information
that we have been able to gather with respect to Adam Fraunceis.
The Derbyshire family of Fraunceis, Francois, or Frauncis, resided
at AUestree in the reign of Edward IL, and in the succoeding reign
they purchased the manors of Poremark and Ingleby in this
county. It seems probable that the progenitors of this family,
though we have found it impossible to precisely follow the descent,
were originally possessed of estates in the neighbourhood of Barlow,
and that another branch, descended from a younger son of Adam
and Julia, settled in Loudon, where they speedily became wealthy
citizens, possessing much property in Cheapside and elsewhere,
as can be proved from the early inquisitions in which their names
repeatedly occur. Amongst the Wolley papers is the copy of a
deed between Adam, the son of Eobert Fraunceis " de Barley
Wodesetes," and James, the son of Jordan de Abetot, by which
the former, in consideration of a certain sum of money, grants to
James and his heirs a bovate of land in Barlow, formerly held
by Serlo Baylli. The deed is not dated, but from the names of
the -witnesses (Hugo de Linacre, Thomas de la Leys, Henry de
Newbold, &c.) it may be assigned to the reign of Edward I., and
is probably of the year 1283.*
From Reynolds' Church Notes we find that he visited Barlow
Church on 14th April, 1757.1 He describes "in the north-east
corner a large chest tomb bearing round the edge in old text, ' Orate
pro anima Roberti Barley, nuper defuncti qui obiit in die ass^impsionis
beatce Marice Virginis. Anno Dom. Millesimo cccclxvii Item orate
pro bono statu Margaretce uxoris suce 1 ' " It is further described as
bearing a man and woman drawn on the top, with five uncharged
escutcheons on the south side, and two at the west end. The
character of this tomb must have been altered a short time sub
sequent to this account, probably when the church was re-pewed,
for prior to the recent alteration the top slab, which is aU that
remains, was fixed against the waU in the north-east corner. It
now once more rests in a horizontal position, somewhat raised
from the floor, under the large window of the south chantry. The
inscription round the edge is as fresh as tn Mr. Reynolds' day.
The slab is of alabaster, and is incised with fuU-length figures
* Add. MSS., 6668, fo. 212. Inthe Pleas at London, in the Middlesex Iter for
the 22nd of Edward I., mention is made of a suit by " Mestre Adam le Fransseys
e les autres nomes en le bref exequitouns Gylbert le Franseys demauderunt par href
de dette ver un Michel dens 0. Mars e x U-vres," &c., &c.—Tear Rooks of the reign of
Edward L, p. 599.
fAdd. MSS. 6,670, fo. 391. F

66 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
of a man and woman placed under pointed canopies. These two
figures afford a good study of the costume of the period. The man
is clad in plate armour, and wears his helmet. On the fee't are
pointed sollerets, over which are buckled spurs, the rowels being
crossed ; the sword is suspended at the left side, whUe the hUt of
the miserecorde, or dagger, shows on the right ; the hands are bare,
one of them grasps the hand of his lady, and the other is placed
on his breast holding a gauntlet. The head of the lady is orna
mented with the celebrated mitred or horned head-dress, then in
vogue, against which the satirists of the day so vigorously wrote.
She wears a long close-fitting kirtle or gown, and over it a flowing
mantle fastened with cords across the breast. But the most charac
teristic portion of her costume is the singular garment called the
sideless cote-hardi. It consisted of but Uttle more than a narrow
strip both behind and in front of the figure, but united over the
shoulders and from a little below the waist. Thus the sides of the
under dress, and the cincture by which it is confined are visible,
as in this instance, through the openings.
This tomb is briefly mentioned by Bassano about 1710, when
it was tn the chancel ; and also in Lysons' CoUections a century
later, when it was set up against the east waU.
In Glover's History of Derbyshire (1833) an inscription is given
from another monument, as though then in existence, to the memory
of a celebrated member of the same famUy — " tlic jacet Robertus
Barley et . . . uxor e/us quidem Robertus obiit 2 die Februarii
Anno Dom. 1532, quorum animabus propiiietur Deus. Amen." This
inscription is also repeated in Bateman's Vestiges (1848), yet not'
the slightest trace of either stone or inscription now remains.
But neither Glover nor Bateman can be depended upon for
giving inscriptions that were extant in their own days, and the
probabUity is, that this monument had ceased to exist long
before their time, and the inscription copied from the Visitation
of 1611. In the notes taken at this Church, in that year, by
Eichard St. George Norroy, King-at-arms, this inscription is given;
and also the one to Eobert Barley and his wife Margaret, which
is stiU extant. The five escutcheons that Reynolds mentions, as
pertaining to the latter of these inscriptions, were then legible,
and are described as follows : —
1. Arg., three bars wa-py, sa., a chief per pale, erm. and
gu. (Barley).
2. Barry of six, arg, and gu., impahng Barley.

BARLOW. 67
3. Barley impaling, arg., three cocks, gu. (Coiaine).
4. Barry of six, arg. and gu., on a canton of the last, a
fleur-de-lis, or (Vincent of Braythwell).
5. Two bendlets, with a crescent for difference, (no tinctures,
perhaps, for Newton) impaling Barley.
There were also the arms of Barley in one of the windows.*
It is a difficult matter to trace the early pedigree of Barley of
Barley, so as to precisely account for the presence of these
different arms on the tomb in question ; but there is no diffi
culty in accounting for the fourth coat, as John Vincent, of
Braythwell, co. Ebor, who was slain at the battle of Wakefield,
39 Henry VI. , married Agnes, daughter of Barley of Barley, in
the sixth year of the same reign. Probably this Agnes was
daughter to Robert Barley whom the monument commemorates.
John Vincent had, by Agnes, a son, Bryan, who married Beatrix,
daughter of Sir Thomas Cokaine of Ashborne. The intermarriages
between the Barleys and Cokaines were numei:ous and intricate ;
but the impaled coat of Barley and Cokaine on this monument
refers to the marriage of Robert Barley, the eldest son of Robert
and Margaret, the daughter of Sir Henry Delves of Duddington,
Cheshire, whose effigies are on the tomb, with the daughter of
Sir Thomas Cokayne. This Sir Thomas Cokayne had himself
married Agnes, the daughter of Eobert Barley of another gene
ration, and sister to the Eobert commemorated on the tomb, so
that the alliance in question was one between first cousins. The
second coat (Barry of six, arg. and gu.) was probably also in
tended for Vincent, the canton being worn off at the time of
the Visitation. If this was the tomb, as we conjecture, of Eobert
Barley who married the daughter of Sir Henry Delves, the im
paled coat of Barley and Delves would originaUy have been at
the head of the tomb, and those escutcheons in the front, which
were read at the Visitation of 1611, to commemorate the alliances
of their children.f A few broken fragments of old incised slabs,
which no ingenuity could put together, were buried under the
altar of the new chancel, and among them- may have been the
*Harl. MSS. 1093, f. 33. There is another copy of this Visitation (Harl. MSS. 1486,
f. 58) which differs from that quoted in giving a second coat of Barley on the tomb,
and omitting that of Vincent.
fDugdale's Yorkshire Visitation, 166. Harl. MSS. 6070, f. 284. Add. MSS. 28,113,
pp. 4 and 8. Pegge's CoUections, vol. vi., p. 296. The different pedigrees relative to
the Barleys and their aUiances show various discrepancies, and cannot be made to
thoroughly harmonise, but we believe the statements in the text may be relied upon,
as they have been revised by a competent genealogist.

68 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
pieces that once formed the memorial of the Eobert • Barley who
died in 1532. The wife of this Eobert Barley, for whom a vacant
space seems to have been left on the inscription, was not destined
to find a resting place in the humble walls of Barlow chapel,
but at the collegiate church of AU Saints, Derby, when she had
attained, by her fourth marriage, to the dignity of Countess of
Shrewsbury. FuUer thus writes of her first marriage : — " This
beautiful and discreet lady was married at fourteen years of age,
to Robert Barley of Barley, in com. Derb. Esquire, who was also
very young, and died soon after (viz., on the 2nd of February,
1532, 24 H. VIIL) but his large estate was settled on her and
her heirs." The manor of Barlow remained in this family till
the reign of James I., when James Barley left issue two daughters,
his co-heiresses, who married Linney and BuUock. Of the younger
branch that settled at Dronfield Woodhouse, mention is made in
the description of the church of Dronfield.
Though there is now only this single tomb to the famUy of
Barley, their memorials were formerly numerous. Bassano says,
that there were, in his days, .several flat gravestones of the
Barleys in the south-east corner of the church, " now seated
over ; " and another account, a century later, speaks of the effigy
of a lady with an angular head-dress, and nothing remaining of
the inscription but the date, " MDC." * One of these burials
within the church is speciaUy recorded by Mr. Arthur Mower, of
Barley, in an old memorandum book, stUl extant, and from that
source we find that one portion of the church was called the
"Lady Quire" — probably the south-east corner.
" 1558. Mrs. Jane Berisfort, wife of Mr. Denis Barley, and
mother of Mr. Peter Barley, of Barley, Esq., died the Thursday,
being 18 April, about 8 of the clock aforenoon, and was buried
on Friday in the ladys quire at Barley, and dined all neigh
bourhood and all young folks, and dealt penny dole to the poor.t
Mr. Denis Barley made a funeral dinner for his wife 12 May and
Sonday in ye year aforesaid, and there was at the dinner Mrs.
Fretchille, -widow, Mrs. Foljambe, Mr. Linacre and wife, Mr.
Brown, Mr. Bullock, Mr. Stevenson, and dyvers other substantial
folks." •Lyson's Collections. Add. MSS. 9463.
t TThe funeral feasts of our ancestors were often on an incredibly large scale. This
fashion prevailed to such an extent during the sixteenth century, that it caused a
foreigner to remark of us that it cost more to bury a wife than to portion a daughter.

BARLOW. 60
A few years later occurs the foUowing entry : ^
" 1588. Mr. James Barley did pave the Ladys Quire, and
made him a new pew in it afore Whit Sunday."*
The Church Eegisters, which commence in 1573, also contain
an extract from the same source, which reads as follows : —
" I find in an antient manuscript belonging to George Mower,
of Woodseats, Esquire, as foUoweth, viz. : —
" Memr That the lead off Barley Church were taken off by Mr.
George Barley, the year of our Lord God 1563, and had^to-ihe
value of 6 Fodders + and more, and promised for to lay so much
on again. " T. Walker, min : ibim.
" January the 29th, 1739."
Near the centre of the floor of the nave are two slabs, about
five feet in length by eighteen inches broad, which are incised
with fuU-length sepulchral crosses. In one instance the arms of
the cross are rounded at their terminations, and in the other
they are ^ pointed, but in both cases they lack any further symbol
or inscription. Crosses having the heads formed of various
arrangements of chcular Unes are considered to be of earUer date
than those of the plainer Latin device, and we are inclined to
attribute these stones to the fourteenth century.
This ancient structure had a narrow escape from complete
demohtion tn 1784, when a Brief was granted to obtain funds
for a new buUding. This Brief speaks of " the parochial chapehy
of Barlow being a very ancient structure," in very bad and ruinous
condition, roof rotten, steeple in great danger of giving way ; the
whole buUdtng, indeed, " iu daUy danger of falling down, so that
the inhabitants cannot attend but at hazard of their lives." It
is further reported that the chapel and steeple are incapable of
being repahed, and that the whole must be taken down and re
buUt at an estimated cost of £1020 4s. Id.J This Brief, like so
many others, evidently faUed to produce the requisite sum, and
therefore the buUding was only patched. From the prominent
mention of the steeple, it may be assumed that the predecessor of
the present clumsy beU turret was of more imposing dimensions.
On the south side of the churchyard may be noticed the steps
and part of the pUnth of tbe old cross, to which .a horizontal sun
dial is now attached.
•Add. MSS. 6671, f. 341.
tThe fodder or fother was ar( old weight equivalent to about 19 cwt. It seems to
have been only used in connection wi,th lead. In the inventory taken in 1539, at the
dissolution of Eepton Priory, mention is made of " 39 fother of lead £4 the fother."
The term is still used in the sale of lead.
' I The original of this Brief is deposited in the British Museum.

$FflHr§ipf SSiiliFQ.

•PFflur^ipf jSbbFg.

HE Abbey of Beauchief, or de bello capite, is popularly
supposed to have derived its name from the "fair-head"
of the martyred Archbishop, Thomas a-Beoket, to whom,
in conjunction with the Virgin Mary, the Abbey was dedicated,
and a representation of whose murder appeared on the conventional
seal. But the wording of the charter of the foundation — " locum qui
dicitur Beuchef in Dorheseles,'" conclusively disproves this assumption,
and we have to adopt the more prosaic conclusion that the Abbey
was named after a head of land overlooking the dale, which had
been styled' by the Normans Beauchief, on the same principle • as
the place-names of Beauchamp, Beaumont, and Beaurepaire (now
Belper.) The scribes of the twelfth century appear to have been
unusuaUy arbitrary, even for them, in the spelling of this name,
for in the very charters it appears under seven different guises —
Beuchef, Beauchef, Beuchyffe, Beuchelf, Beaohiff, Baucheff, and
Bewcheffe. The Abbey was founded by Robert Fitz-Ranulph, who
gave to it the churches of Alfreton and Norton in Derbyshire, Edwal
ton in Nottinghamshire, and Wimeswold in Leicestershire.* He
also endowed it with lands at Norton, and both his son and grand
son were among its subsequent benefactors. Robert Fitz-Ranulph
was a mari of high position in the Midland Counties, for he was
for several years Sheriff of the united counties of Nottinghamshire
and Derbyshire, an office' previously held both by his father and
his brother WUliam.
* We have not only availed ourselves in this sketch of the information to be found
in Dugdale aud Tanner, and in the invaluable History of Beauchief AUey, by Dr.
Pegge, but have also consulted the Chartulary of the Monastery, a copy of which is
preserved in the seventh volume of Pegge's MSS. Collections. There is, too, in
the Cottonian MSS. (Caligula, A. vui. ff. 4—27) a valuable thirteenth century
calendar of benefactors of the Abbey, -with continuations. Dr. Pegge's posthumous
work on the Abbey, pubUshed by J. Nichols, in 1801, is of no little rarity, a note by
a later hand in the MSS. at the CoUege of Anns, informing us that the greater portion
of the stock was destroyed by an accidental fire shortly after publication.

74 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
By another popular error, the founder of this Abbey was long
held to have been one of the four knights engaged in the murder
of Thomas a-Becket. Dugdale, the historian of English monasteries,
appears to have been the first to commit this error, and he was
followed by Tanner, Fuller, and a host of minor -writers. Dugdale
says: — " Robert Fitz-Ranulph, Lord of Alfreton, Norton, and Marn-
ham, was one of the four knights who martyred theblessed Thomas
a-Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, and afterwards founded the
monastery of Beauchief, by way of expiating bis crime, in the reign
of Henry the Second." This mistake has, however, been conclusively
disproved by Dr. Pegge in his History of the Abbey ; though Glover's
History of Derbyshire, and Rhodes' Peak Scenery cling to the error.
The four knights who really committed the murder were Reginald
Fitzm-se, William de Tracy, Hugh de Morville, and Richard Brito.
As to the date of the foundation of the Abbey, Bishop Tanner
writes positively of the year 1183; this may have been the date
when it was completed or consecrated, but the original charter
points to an earlier date. This charter, though undated, is wit
nessed by Albinos, Abbot of Darley, who died in 1176, and as
Becket was not canonized tiU 1172, the year of the foundation lies,
between these two periods. The Abbey was placed in the hands
of a Premonstratensian abbot and canons, who were probably
brought here from Welbeck, in Nottinghamshire. The Premonstra-
tensians, or white canons, were -first instituted in 1120, and reached
England in 1143, so that Beauchief must have been one of their
earliest landed properties. A hundred years later, tn the reign of
Edward I., they had, in England only, no less than twenty-seven
monasteries. The foUowing is a list of the Abbots of Beauchief,
so far as they are to be gathered from Dugdale and other
authorities : —
Jordanus  16 Henry III.
Gilbert  1237.
Stephen  temp. Henry III.
Ralph  1285.
Roger  before 53 Henry IIL
William de Folkingham  circa 1312.
Eobert de Eadclyffe  24 Edward TIL
John Norton  1398.
Eobert  22 Eichard II.
William Gresley  obiit 1433.
John Girdon  1443.

BEAUCHIEl' ABBEY. 75
John Downham  1468. (In this year Downham, toge
ther with seven of his monks, was deposed for
divers notorious crimes.)
Johii Swift  1458.
John Swift H  1472.
John Norton II  1478.
John Norton III.  1496.
John Greenwood  1561.
John Sheffield  1562.
Sheffield was the last abbot, and he was probably dead before the
dissolution of monasteries, as no annuity to him is mentioned in
the Beauchief accounts. At the time of its suppression in 1536,
the revenues were valued at £126 3s. 4d., and the site was
granted in the foUowing year to Sir Nicholas Strelley for £223. In
the reign of Charles II. the estate came by marriage to Edward
Pegge, whose descendants still possess it.
The whole of the Abbey was dismantled and left in ruins at
the time of its dissolution, and its destruction was rendered still
more complete by the erection of Beauchief Hall in its immediate
vicinity by Edward Pegge, the monastic buildings affording a con
venient quarry of stone already hewn. The bells of the church,
five in number, were moved, it is said, to the parish church of
Darfield, in Yorkshire, but only two out of the six in that belfry are
sufficiently ancient to have been at Beauchief. These two bear the
foUowing inscriptions ; — Ut Gampana bene sonat Antonius monet —
Gampana tonit in multis annis.
The only remains of the Abbey now extant, beyond the nu
merous grass-grown hUlocks that mark the extensive foundations
of the old buUdings, are the western tower and a patched-up
portion of the nave of the church. We cannot glean much about
the size, and condition, or architecture of the Abbey, but it is
said that the various buUdings covered an acre of ground. The
Abbey was surrounded by a small park of two or three hundred
acres, and on the north side were the fish ponds — an invariable
adjunct of our ancient monasteries. It also appears that there
were attached to it the usual offices pertinent to monastic esta
bUshments. The Chapter House is mentioned in a deed of 1461,
and in the inventory, taken on the 2nd August, 1536, the foUow
ing distinctive parts of the buUding are enumerated — chapell, haU,
buttrye, kyttchyn, bakhous, Abbats chambre, Eoger Eyres cham
bre, Greene Leyff chambre, chapell chambre, gatehous chambre.

76 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
and sekman chambre. The inventory also speaks of a pair of
organs, of candlesticks, crosses, and a multitude of vestments. We
also know that the church contained, amongst others, altars
specially dedicated to the Holy Cross, to St. Mary, and to St.
Catherine. WiUiam Bullock, the impropriator of the tithes of the ad
joining parish of Norton, made a demand for the tithes of
Beauchief in the middle of the seventeenth century, and from
the statement of his case we learn that "here at Beauchiefe,
together with the abbie, was likewise buUt up a very spatious
church having a faire chancel, where was an altar, and a large
steeple where were five beUs, and hkewise a ccemeterium or
churchyard where (as also in the church) corps were interred.
whUst it was an abbie and since." It would appear that this
" very spatious church " was in thorough ruin in the seventeenth
century, and that a small portion of the nave was repaired
by Edward Pegge at the time that he built his mansion. Prom
that time to the present it has been used as the church of the
district. The tower, even now, forms a stately and picturesque
object in the landscape, and its appearance must have been much
more striking before it lost about one third of its height. Ehodes,
in his Peah Scenery, says that it is supposed that the tower has
been somewhat curtailed- of its fair proportions, but adds, " the
parapet with which it is surmounted is, in my opinion, an
existing evidence against the correctness of such a supposition."
But had Mr. Ehodes ventured to the present summit of the
tower, his opinion would have been quickly changed, and,
-without such an ascent, an eye versed in the proportions of
ecclesiastical architecture must at once miss a portion of its
original altitude. The views published by the brothers Buck,
in 1774, give a large engraving of Beauchief Abbey as it
appeared in 1727. The upper stage of the tower was then in
existence, though in a decaying state. It is represented with
two pinnacles, those on the west side remaining, and the
pointed bell-chamber windows have -fewo principal lights, with a
quatrefoil piercing above them. The elegant diagonal buttresses
at the western angles of the tower, the large west window
with its reeded mouldings and remams of geometrical cusping,
the two traceried lights to the turret stairway, and the ogee-
shaped doorway on the north side, all point to the Decorated
period, probably early in the style about 1330, as the time of

BEAUCHIEF ABBEY. 77
its erection. The large doorway, however, below the west
window, with its isolated shafts now broken away, partakes of
the early EngUsh style, and inust have formed part of an
older tower of the previous century.* Extending north and
south, in a line with the tower, there have of late years been
built up two tolerably perfect doorways, removed there from
other parts of the ruin. That on the north is a round-headed
Norman archway, and that on the left of the Early English
style, with three small shafts in the jambs on each side. We
have before us, as we write, six different plates of Beauchief
Abbey, engraved during the last hundred years, and none of
them pourtray any doorways in the position these two now
occupy. But one, bearing the date 1787, shows a piece of
ruiu a few yards to the south of the tower containing two
doorways, and these remains no longer exist. Doubtless, then,
they were removed thence to their present position. Several
of these engravings show on the east side of the tower
the projecting weather-moulding stones of the old high-pitched
roof, now hidden by ivy, the angle of which is level with the
present summit of the tower, thus affording an additional proof,
if one were needed, of its greater original height. The roof of
the present church is very low, not even nearly so high as
the archway out of the tower, which has had to be built up
at the top. There is no window in the north waU of the
church, and the one on the south is a semi-circular Norman
^one, which, with the doorway . aheady mentioned, seems to be
the only trace of the first abbey built by Eobert Pitz-
Eanulph. Examining this vsdndow from the exterior, it appears
as tf it had originaUy served as a doorway ; but be this as it
may, there is no doubt of its construction being Norman. The
east window has four main hghts, and is a fair specimen of
early Decorated. It has, of course, been moved here, but per
haps occupied the same position tn the old chancel.
There is little worthy of note in the interior of the build-
* Mr. Gordon M. Hills, who described the Abbey to the members of the British
Archffiological Association, in the spring of 1874, says of this tower :— " It is a very'
fine and massive structure, 26 to 27 feet square in plan, built early in the thirteenth
century, to which the massive, buttresses were added in the next century. It had a
very fine west window of this later period, now blocked up, etc." Journal of the
ArchcBologieal Association, vol. xxx. p. 426. It certainly may be true that the base of
this tower is of the same size, and contains much of the same masonry as when it
was erected in the thirteenth century, but the string course mouldings and joints of
the masonry are continued from the buttresses into the central part of the tower in
such a way as to prove that it must have been almost entirely rebuilt, with the
exception of the western doorway, durin_g the fourteenth century.

78 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
ing, which is most unpleasantly damp and mouldy. The tower
now contains a soUtary bell swinging from a beam at its sum
mit. It can be seen from the basement, as the tower has
now no intervening flooring. A trap-door from the roof gave
us a tolerably near -view of the beU, and it appeared destitute
of all inscription. The great pew on the south side of the
church, as well as other of the fittings, are those that were
placed here when the Pegges succeeded to- the estate, as is
proved by the frequent repetition, carved tn the oak, of the
arms of StreUey and Pegge. Then- arms are respectively, Paly
of six, arg., and az. : and arg., a chevron between three piles,
sa. These arms are repeated upon monuments on the walls
and in the pavement to various members of the Pegge famUy,
there being no traces whatever of any earUer sepultures. Al
though there are- now no remains of theh monuments, we
know that several distinguished and wealthy persons were here
buried. Amongst them may be mentioned Thomas de Furni
val,- of Worksop, the fourth of that name, who died on the
14th of October, 1339.
We do not, as a rule, transcribe in these pages any memo
rials of a post-tefdrmation date, but as the inscription on the
monument to Edward Pegge has not appeared to our Imow-
ledge in any hand-book, and as he was the restorer of this
church to its present condition, it may be thought worth .while
here to reproduce it : — " M.S.
Edwardus Pegge de BeUo Capite in agro Derbiensi armiger,
Edwardi Pegge de Ashbourne filii natu majoris, uxorem duxit
Gertrude, unicam Gulielmi Strelley tn Comitate Nott. Armigeri
fiUam, atque ex ea fiUos suscepit 5, fiUasque 9, Annam
Mariam, Gertrude, Gervas, Goodeth, Elizabetham, Edwardum
Dorotheam, StreUey, Christopherum, Saram, Catherinam, et
Francescam, iteratis nuptiis habuit Annam sororem Gulielmi
Clarkson de Kirton in agro Nott. armigeri. Hic Uie vir, bonus
spectatse probitatis pietatisque, domi pater optimus, sedulusque
pacts conservator foris, diem obut supernam mensis
Decembri A. Dni, 1679, Mt. 58, atque inter utramque uxorem
hic subtus jacet. Sepulchrale hoc marmor parentum memoriae,
denegetum nimis diu, Francesca PauU Webster vidua numerosse
prolis sola jam superstes anno 1731 fieri fecit."

BEAUCHIEF ABBEY. 79
There is an interesting memorial of the old Abbey Chmch of
Beauchief, preserved at the seat of the Foljambes, at Osberton,
in Nottinghamshhe. It is a representation in alabaster of the
murder of Thomas a-Becket, and is slightly mutilated. It is sup
posed to have been the Abbey altar-piece, and it is also concluded,
from the arms on the three escutcheons below it, that it was
presented to the church by Sir Godfrey Foljambe after his second
marriage with Avice Ireland, about the year 1350.*
In WUliam Wyrley's copy (taken in 1592) of Flower and
Glover's Visitation of 1569, occur the following notes respecting
this Abbey. "The abbey of Bello Capite, commonly called
Beachie or Beuchiffe, was founded by Eobert, the son of Ealf,
which lyved in the tyme of W. Co. This Eobert was Baron
of Alfreton in Darbishier and Norton .in the mores in
Staffordshier, he had issue WUl. Lord of Alfreton and Norton,
whoe had issue Wil. Baron of Alfreton, whoe had issue Eobert
Lord of Alfreton, whoe had issue Thomas that died without
issue, and 2 daughters. Ales married to Will, the sonn of Wil,
the sonn of Eobert Chaworth, the other daughter Amicia, was
married to Eobert Lathum of the countie of Lancashier ; sythene
the submersion, it cam to Sr. Anthonie Styrley Knight, whos
sonn Anthonie esquier now possesses it, in the Euines of the
glasse these three escutchyons, it is placed in the northwest
angle of Darbyshier near unto which ryseth a little ryU that
runneth into the Don, it is seated after the manner of the
Religiouse houses verie comodiouslye. " | The arms are Alfreton
(two chevrons), and a semee of fleur-de-lis, and three lions
passant guardant for France and England.
The report of the Parliamentary Commission of 1650 con
tains the following reference to Beauchief Abbey : — " Beachiffe.
An Abby place without cure of souls. Wee think these places
(Totley, Dore, and Beauchief) fitt to be united and made a
parish, and the minister to officiate in Beachiffe and Dore aliernis
visibus." There are several old traditions connected -with this Abbey, stiU
current in the neighbourhood. One of these teUs bow Ohver
• The same arms (Foljambe and Ireland) appear on a mural monument in the
south aisle of BakeweU Church, where Sir Godfrey founded a chantry. He died in
1375. A small but accurate engraving of this altar-piece appears at page 104 of
'Worksop, the Dukery, and Sherwood Forest, a beautifuUy illustrated work, recently
pubUshed by Mr. White, of Worksop.
tHarl. MSS. 6592, f. 110. The ' submersion' means, we suppose, the dissolution
of the monasteries.

80

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

CromweU blew off the top of the tower with cannons planted on
Bole Hill, though the upper portion of the tower, as we have
already seen, was in ita right place nearly a century after the
days of the Commonwealth ! whUst another legend narrates, how
" Big Tom of Lincoln " originally hung in this tower, and was
stolen by night, being conveyed away by a team of six horses,
with their shoes reversed to bafde pursuit.

$piggl^Qn.

Ppigpon.

HE first historical notice of Beighton occurs in the will of
Wulfric Spott, 1002, by which he largely endowed the
Abbey of Burton. Lysons, following Dugdale, says that
the manor of Beighton was given to that monastery ; but this is
erroneous, although Beighton is mentioned in the wUl. The
words are: — "I bequeath to Morcare the land at Walesho, and
that at Theddlethorpe, and that at WhitweU, and that at Clown,
and that at Barlborough, and that at Duckmanton, and that at
Mossborough, and that at Eckington, and that at Beighton, and
that at Doncaster, and that at Morleston." *
There is but little difficulty in tracing the successive lords of
the manor of Beighton from the Conquest downwards, but there
is no proof that the church was ever held by the same persons
as possessed the manor. No mention is made of a church here
at the time of the Domesday Survey, and the earliest notice that
we have found of it is in the year 1345, when Edward III. granted
the advowson of the church of Beighton to " Johannes Darcy le
Pier."t The Darcys had a few years previously become possessed
of the adjacent manor of Eckington. Philip Darcy died seized
of this advowson in the following reign, and John . Darcy in the
reign of Henry Nl.X . But in the year 1455 it passed out of this
famUy, and was given by Sir James Strangeways and Elizabeth
his wife to the Priqry of Mountgrace, in Yorkshire. § Elizabeth,
the wife of Sir James Strangeways, was the eldest daughter and
co-heiress of PhUip Lord Darcy. She was a wealthy heiress, and
brought to her husband, amongst other property, the manor of
* Diplomatarium Anglicum, Jlvi Saxonici, p. 515.
t Rot. Pat., 18 Edw. III-., M. 2.
I Inq. post Mort. 22 Rio. II., No. 17 ; 10 Hen. VI., No. 40.
§ Rot. Pat., 34 Hen. VI.; Pegge's Collections, Vol. v., p. 181.

84 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Eckington. At the dissolution of the monasteries, Henry VIII.
granted the rectory and advowson of Beighton to Eobert and
WUliam Swift, of Rotherham.
The Church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, consists of nave,
north and south aisles, south porch, chancel, and embattled
tower at the western end. Although there does not appear to have
been any church here at the time of the taking of the Domesday
Survey (1087), yet from the details which were brought to light
during the recent restoration, it is obvious that no great space of
time elapsed under our Norman kings before one was here
erected. The archway into the chancel was a pointed one, but
the restoration necessitated the removal of the plaster with which
it was encumbered, and it was then found that there was an older
arch above it. This older arch proved on examination to
be a fine semi-circular one of the Norman period. It was unfor
tunately in such a state of decay as to compel its being taken
down, and but httle of the original now remains. The old propor
tions and mouldings have, however, been foUowed, and the arch
with its triple line of zigzag ornament presents a bold and effec
tive appearance. Owing, too, to the rest of the interior having
been carefully cleansed of plaster and whitewash, the freshness
of the stone does not look incongruous, and an uninquh-iug ob
server might easUy imagine that he was looking upon the original.
We failed to observe any other trace in the edifice itself of the
buUding which stood here in the days of the Normans. In the
course of the recent restoration it was also found necessary to
take down the walls of the chancel, and the south aisle, to the
foundations. In these pages instances wUl often occur of the ruth
less way in which our forefathers treated the actual memorials of
the dead, by breaking up the very grave-stones for the purposes of
building. This sad barbarism was indulged in by former
church-architects at Beighton. Several stones sculptured with
incised foliated crosses had been used for window-sills and other
purposes. They were much broken up, and the only one that
was found tolerably entire was used as a sill for the south window
of the chancel. As this stone had been cut to the requisite
shape, it was thought best to preserve it by appropriating it to a
similar use, and it may now be seen in a -window of the north
aisle. These stones were destitute of inscription, but we are in
clined to attribute them to a date nearly coeval with the original
structure. The utUizers of these monuments of the dead do not
appear to have been scrupulous in merely applying them to

BEIGHTON. 85
ecclesiastical purposes — a use which an elastic conscience might
possibly condone — for another of these stones is stiU to be seen
under some heavy masonry in the cellar of the Vicarage.
Another relic, perhaps of the same date, received an honour
able burial some eight years ago at the hands of the late vicar.
The old font, of rude construction, had. been long used to receive
water from a spout on the outside of the church, and, as it was
too far decayed to be worth recovering, it was saved from further
desecration by being consigned to the earth, a decent example
that might weU be followed in other places.* This font was sup
posed to have been of the same date as the oldest part of the
structure ; but this is liighly improbable, as a visitor in 1816
describes it as " a plain octagon," a shape never used by the
Normans. t Glover tn speaking of this church, in his History and
Gazetteer of the County of Derby, says: — "On an oak beam in the
roof the date of 1100 is visible, which is only thirty-four years
after WUliam the Conqueror desolated the country." The whole
of the roof, however, has now been renewed, and no such date
was discovered ; but on the boss of one of the beams was a date
that looked like 1500. This date is probably the correct one,
as the old roof was flat and of the Perpendicular period ; its
indistinctness may have misled Glover, and the fact of wood
work of the Norman period being still extant is in itself highly
improbable. The capitals of the side pillars or jambs of the archway . into
the tower are of the Early English period, and of curious design
— a human head with widely extended mouth. The use of
animals in this style is generally regarded as a proof of the
lateness of the work, and this seems to- have been executed
about the end of the thhteenth century. It may reasonably be
conjectured that at this date a new tower or spire was added to
the church, of which this is the only part extant.
The new tracery of the -windows of the aisles is an exact fac
simile of the old work both tn drawing and size ; whUst the
old was actuaUy replaced tn the chancel. These latter vsdndows
are of the Decorated style, but the remainder are for the most
part plain specimens of the Perpendicular period, to which date
also belongs the tower, as shown by the west window, belfry
* In the course of our Derbyshire rambles we have met with old church fonts
utUized for the foUowing amongst other pm-poses — as a vase for garden plants,
as the washing basin of a vUlage school, as a drinking trough for cattle, as a pickUng
bowl for pork, as a sink in a public-house,, and for a purpose which cannot here be
named. t Lysons. Add. MSS., 94H.

80 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
¦windows, and pinnacles. ' The date of the roof has been already
mentioned. Its condition was such as to necessitate the removal
of the whole. The bosses, which were carved with the shields of
the Diocese and local families, were preserved, but such was their
state of decay that they have since almost crumbled to pieces. We
have also been informed that there was on the beams of the old
roof an image of a late period, supposed to represent the patron
Saint, the Virgin Mary. The roof has now been wisely raised to
what was probably its former pitch in the decorated period, and
the waUs above the side aisles have been pierced with quatrefoU
clerestory windows to give further light.
Previous to its restoration the church was in a fearful state of
dUapidation, the chancel actuaUy faUing down. The church had
been re-pewed at the comrnencement of the century, and this had
been effected, as we might imagine, in a most unsightly manner.
It is supposed, too, that at this time the floor of the church was
raised tUl it was nearly half-way up the columns, for what object
it is almost impossible to conceive. To restore it to its original
level, hunilreds of loads of gravel had to be carted out of the church !
A western gallery that completely blocked out the tower had also
to be removed.
Many interesting detaUs were found in the course of the altera
tions. Chief amongst these is the old altar stone. The slab was
found buried in what was used as the vestry at the end of the
north aisle. It is quite perfect, and still bears the marks of con
secration — the five crosses. The dimensions of the stone are six
feet three inches by two feet eight, and it is now utUized for its
original purpose, having been placed on an oaken frame-work made
out of timber from the old roof. In the north wall of the chancel
is a piscina, and the low window-seat of the adjacent window answers
for the sedUia, being divided by some modern stone work. On the
opposite side is the almery* for the holy vessels. It is a plain
*When these notes first appeared, a critic quarreUed -with the orthography of
"almery," suggesting "aumbry," to which suggestion the foUo-wing reply was made.
" The speUing almery has been adopted advisedly. I do not know that I can refer
to a better authority than Parkfer's Glossary of Gothic Architecture, and it wiU be
thei-e found that he prefers Almery, though he also gives as other forms, Aumery,
Aumbry, Ambry, -Ambre, and Ambrie. It was not, however, on this authority alone
that I determined to use that form of speUing, which is, perhaps, the least usual in
the Northern coimties, but I adopted it after a patient investigation into its etymology.
It would be easy to fill pages with a disquisition on the origin and meaning of this
word, and its supposed derivations, but suflSce it to say that I became convinced of
its connection with alms and ahnsgiving when used iu connection with ecclesiastical
buildings. I therefore decided to retain the ' 1' as a proof of what I thought to be
its origin, and this the more so, as Skinner and other early etymologists derive the
word, when deprived of the ' 1,' from arms and not alms, saying that it denoted a
place where arms were deposited during a feast, in case of a sudden surprise ; and
surely this ia not a desirable association to link with the temples of the Prince of
Peace."

BEIGHTON. 87
square recess, and has now been renovated, fitted with a door, and
put once more to its original use.
At the east end of the south aisle there has evidently been a
side chapel or chauntry, which is shown by a plain piscina and a
niche for a saint. There is also, in the projecting waU to the north
of this side altar, a large square opening, which was filled up with
stones and rubble untU the recent alterations. This has served the
purpose of a squint to certain worshippers who would have otherwise
been obstructed in their view of the side altar by this projecting
waU. 'Tradition speaks of there having been another side altar at the
end of the north aisle, but of this, though highly probable, there is
no trace to be found. In the Chantry RoUs there is a record of
one at Beighton, whose altar must have been in one or other of
these aisles.
" The Chauntrye founded by dyverse persons which gave lands
iirito Our Ladye's alter for fyndynge a priste to synge or saye masse
daylye and other devyne servyce cvis. i]d. clere ciiijs. xc?, besydes
vs. m]d. rente resolute. Hen. Jervis chauntrye prist. Stock iujs.
hid." Francis Wortley seems to have obtained a grant of these chantry
lands, for, at his death (25 Ehzabeth), the inquisition gives him
five messuages, five tofts, five gardens, three hundred acres of
land, one hundred acres of meadow, and " parcell of the chantry
of St. Mary," at Beighton, held of the Queen.*
Amongst the rubble of the waUs of the chancel and south aisles
much old broken glass was found. The best of the fragments were
placed tn the fohations of the windows of the north and south
aisles. The church is by no means rich in ancient monuments, but there
is one of interest tn the chancel. At the far end of the chancel,
on the north side, there is let into the floor a large slab of gritstone,
incised -with a boldly-defined floriated cross. The cross stands upon
a pedestal of three steps, the highest one being inscribed with the
monogram I. H.S. Round the margin of the stone runs the foUow
ing inscription : — "Orate pro anima domini Johannis Tynker quondam
vicari de Beighton : cujus corpus hic jacet et anime propitietur Deus.
An D. MUesshno quadi-agtntessimo octogesstmo." This stone, com
memorating John Tynker, t a former rector of Beighton, who died
* Pegge's Collections, vol. i.
t" Tynker" in Glover, but spelt "Tinder" by Bassano.

88

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

in 1418, formerly stood endways in the vestry, but at the time of
the church's restoration it was very properly moved to what must
have been, owing to his ecclesiastical functions, the actual place (or
very nearly so) of his original sepulture. The incised parts of
sepulchral slabs of this description are usuaUy fiUed up with black
mastic, or some dark-coloured composition. It is, however, worthy
of note that the interstices of this stone appear to be simply fiUed
up with lead.
There is another old monumental slab just under the arch that
divides the chancel from the vestry. When removed at the time of
the alterations it- was found to be in several pieces and much
dUapidated. It is a rude stone vrith shears engraven on it. The
inscription cannot now be traced, but Glover tells us that it is to
the memory of Eichard Boswette (or Dowcette) and Johanna his
wife, and that it bears the date of 1501. Lysons says that there.
is "in the parish church an ancient monument vnthout date for
Eichard Bos-ville," and then adds that "Bassano's volume of church
notes mentions the monument of Edward Dowcett, Esq., 1501." This
surely is a strange corifusion of one and the same monument.
On referring to Bassano's notes, taken about 1710, it appears that
the vicar's monument was even then in the chancel, and the in
scription on the other old slab, which then stood tn the south aisle,
against the south wall, was : — " Hic jacet Edwardus Dowcett armiger
et Johanna uxor ejus, MUl : quingentesimo prime. Quorum anima-
tum propicietur Deus. Amen." Lysons' MSS., on the contrary,
(1816) gives the name as "Eicardus Boswell," but explains that
the inscription was much hidden by pews, so that it will be safer
to accept the earher reading.
Bassano mentions, too, a brass to the memory of WUliam Jessoppe,
vicar of Beighton, 1667, and gives some further detaUs, from which
we extract the foUowing. The east end of the north aisle was then
divided off from the rest of the church, and termed "Ltnacre's
quire." * Upon one beam of the roof he noted a shield with two
chevrons, which might be either the arms of Musard of Staveley,
or, two chevrons, az., or (which is more probable) the arms of
Alfreton adopted by Chaworth, az., two chevrons, or. On a beam
over the Linacre quire was a cross fleury, and on another " five
* The ancient family of Linacre formerly possessed property in Beighton through
alUance -with the Hackenthorps of Hackenthoi-p, a hamlet- of this parish. The
marriage by which this property came to the Linacres was that of WUUam de Lyn
acre (the^ son of Eoger de Lynacre by his -wife Matilda, the daughter of Eichard
GlapweU) with CeoiUa, only daughter and heiress of John Haokenthorp. Harl. MSS.
1093, f. 102.

BEIGHTON. 89
water-bougets, one in ye fess poynt," which may have been intended
-for the arms of SachevereU, arg., on a saltier, az., five water-
bougets, or. This is the more probable as there is no coat bearing
simply five water-bougets in Papworth 's exhaustive work on British
Armorials. In the churchyard he observed a cross of three greeves (steps)
•with a high standing-stone. Of this cross, which stands near to
the porch on the south side of the church, only two of the steps
now remain^
The copy of Flower and Glover's Visitation, made by WUliam
Wyrley in 1592, contains the foUowing reference to Beighton: —
"Bighton on mUe distant from this Eckington. In the Church
this one escotchion of the famelie of Lynacar — sa., a chevron between
three escallops, arg., on a chief, or, three greyhounds' heads, erased,
, of the field." *
No mention is made of Beighton in the Taxation EoU of Pope
Nicholas, but the vicarage was valued at £6 lis. lO^-d. in the King's
Books. The Parhamentary Survey of 1650 reported of Beighton, that it
was a vicarage worth twenty marks per annum. The impropriate
tithes, valued at threescore pounds, were held by Mr. George Pier
point, who had to find the minister.
Mr. W. Jessop was then incumbent, and of him the Commissioners
report that he is " reputed uncleane and scandalous."
The tower contains a peal of five beUs, aU bearing the date of
1837. ?Harl. MSS. 6592, f. 111.

llarfrtDpIL

I^IarhiAdL

|P the church at Blackwell there is but little to say, as there
are hardly any fragments left of the old buUding. The
church of BlackweU was given by William Fitz Eanulph
to the Priory of Thurgarton early in the reign of Henry II.
(1154 — 1189). Edward IV. confirmed this grant by a charter,
dated Westminster the 8th of May, in the 17th year of his
reign, and the tithes remained tn the hands of that ' estabhshment
until the dissolution of the monasteries.* But the inquisition
taken at the death of Sir WUliam Babington, Chief Justice of
the Common Pleas, in 1445, has an entry, which is rather puz-
zltng, relative to BlackweU, though it certainly seems to imply that
the advowson of this church was not then in the hands of the
Priory of Thurgarton. The manor of BlackweU was then divided
into two parts, the one caUed Sulney and the other Trussebut.
Sir WiUiam Babington died siezed of half of the former of
these manors, and also, in the words of the inquisition, of ' ' Blak-
weU aUas Trussebut manor' et advoc' 5 eccUar.' " The number 5
and the contraction of the word foUowing make it difficult to
-explain this entry. Sir WUUam Babington also held the advow
sons of the adjacent churches of Pinxton and South Normanton,
but they are entered tn the usual form of "advoc 'ecolise'." It
is impossible that there could ever have been five churches at
BlackweU or five ecclesiastics requhed to serve there ; and we
think that the most probable explanation is, that Sh WUUam
had purchased of the Priory of Thurgarton, for himself and, his
heirs, the right of the five next presentations to the church of
BlackweU. t
* MitcheU's Derbyshire CoUections. Add. MSS. 28, 108, f. 297.
t Inq. post Mort. 33 Hen. VL, No. 33.

94 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Werburgh,* was rebuilt
in 1827-8, and consists of chancel, nave, and side aisles, and
lofty western tower. The style is a very poor and feeble imita
tion of what is vaguely denominated "pointed gothic." The only
portion of the old buUdmg that seems to remain is the piUars, and
perhaps arches, on the north side of the nave. It is quite clear
that the bases of these piUars are old, though it is of course possi
ble that they also were taken down and put up again. From docu
ments in the church it appears that Archdeacon Butler complained
of the dangerous state of the chm-ch in 1823. In a letter
dated Shrewsbury, August 4, 1823, he -writes to the churchwardens
that it is "in a very dangerous state. To attempt a temporary .
repair would be a heavy and useless expense," and he recom
mends them to take it down bodily and rebuUd it. In a second
letter dated August 26, he by no means approves of the proposed
repahs : " The church has been suffered to go into a state of the
most ruinous decay. It is unsafe, nay highly dangerous for the
parishioners to assemble in it in windy weather, and any attempt
at temporary repahs ¦wUl only subject them to further expense, as
it is impossible to do it effectuaUy. The parishioners are highly
to blame, and have nothing but theh own neglect to thank." He
then promises to help them to obtain a Brief towards tbe expenses,
and reminds them of the nearness of stone and lime. After much
further correspondence had been interchanged, and estimates pre
pared for patching up the old buUding, the Archdeacon's patience
became exhausted, and on June 5th, 1824, a peremptory order
was issued. We, have, however, when looking at BlackweU
Church as it now is, a lingering grudge against Archdeacon Butler,
and cannot help wondering tf something might not have been
done to retain any parts of the ancient fabric. From what we
could learn in the neighbourhood, it would seem as if the old
tower, and much of the body of the church had been of Norman
design ; and this is confirmed by the language of the Brief,t which
was granted in the 6th of George IV. That docurnent speaks of
the church of BlackweU as " believed to be one. of the oldest in
* St. Werburgh wa,s a Princess of Mercia, and Abbess of the Convent of Bly. She
died in 699, and was buried at Hanbury in Stafiiordshire, but, on the approach of the
Danes to Eepton (within a few miles of Hanbury), two centuries later, her body was
removed to Chester. In addition to the church of Blackwell, and that at Derby,
there are only six churches dedicated to her memory, and in each instance they are
supposed to be of very early foundation. The Normans sternly suppressed, where-
ever it was possible, any veneration for the Saxon saints.
t The original of this Brief is at the British Museum. There is also u. copy of
it, with a plan of the church, among the Derbyshire county records.

BLACKWELL. 95
our county of Derby.'' The Brief also states that the contem
plated expenses for the new buUding, according to the estimate
of David Hodktn, " an able and experienced workman," would
amount to £1050 10s. Od., exclusive of old material.
Mr. David Hodkin was evidently anxious that his work should
be eonspicuous, as is shown by the foUowing letter to. the church
wardens, written, we suppose, when the work was about finished —
" I hope you and the parishioners wUl think with me that the
tower will remain in an unfinished state if the -four pinnacles are
not put on, and you will always wish. they had been done when
you see the effect so much different. The situation of the church
will cause them to be shewed at so great a distance. I cannot
take leave without a repetition of begging of you to raise your
spirits and say with one voice we wUl have them done and look
as respectful as any of our neighbours."
But the tower is stUl uncrowned -with pinnacles, not-withstanding
this piteous appeal. It contains, however, three of the old beUs.
The inscription of one, which is cracked, is not very legible ; we
only deciphered the words " ubi est sonus." The second one has
the beU-mark of Henry Oldfield, and bears the legend —
" Jesus be our spede, 1587."
The third reads — " God save his Church, 1611."
In the south-east of the churchyard is part of an ancient cross,
that points to very early sepulture at this place. It is coeval with
the cross in Taddington churchyard, which it closely resembles.
It stands five feet out of the gound, and measures at the base six
teen inches by twelve. The east and -west sides are carved' with
interlacing knot-work, and the north and south with circular braids.
The cross when perfect has been in two pieces, for at the top is
a square cut socket, about four inches deep, for the reception of
the upper part.*
The only other information that we have been able to find
•with respect to the old church of BlackweU, is amongst the church
notes of Bassano. He visited BlackweU about the commencement
of the last century,- when he noted the keys of St. Peter cut on
a large square stone above the beUry windows on the north side
of the tower. Inside the church, in the midst of the chancel, was
* We have no intention of entering upon any dissertation in the attempt to prove
the date of crosses of this design, which would be valueless unless very lengthy and
exhaustive, but the presence of this cross, taken in connection -with the dedication
of the church, .points to this site of ground ha-ving been used for worship several
generations prior to the Norman invasion.

96 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
a large torribstone bearing the foUovring inscription : — " Here lyeth
WiUiam Ludlam, Priest, sometime Vickar of Blackwell, who was
buryed 25 January, 1541." This stone is not now to be seen,
and was probably lost when the church was rebuilt. Nor is the
" broken piece of an antient monument, a lyon lying at the feet
of a man," extant, which then formed the side of a stile going
out of the churchyard.
The church of Blackwell was valued at £6 13s. 4d. in 1291, at
£5 4s. 2d. in the King's books, and at i£14 by the Parliamentary
Commissioners.

%0lSQtlFF*

^

•Pohotpr.

HE Manor of Bolsover formed a portion of the large estates
given by William the Conqueror to his illegitimate son,
WUliam Peverel. It is probable that he was not only
the first to erect a castle here, on the site of the present one, but
that he was also the original founder of the Church. He died in
the seventh year of the reign of Stephen, 1142. The first historical
mention of the Church is that it was given by WUham Peverel
the younger to the Abbey of Darley* in the reign of Henry II.
(1154 — 1189). This WUliam Peverel had been an accomplice in a
successful plot to poison Eanulph, Earl of Chester, shortly before
the death of Stephen, and on the accession of Henry II. the manor
and castle of Bolsover, together with aU the other estates he held
under the crown, were forfeited. This then, it seems, would be
at fhe time when be handed over the Church, probably without
any choice, to the Abbey of Darley. He himself fled to the
monastery of Lenton, where he was shorn and habited as a monk,
but he subsequently escaped out of the country.
In the first year of the reign of John, by a charter dated at
Worcester on the 17th of AprU, the king granted "to God aud
the Church of Bolsover, in free and perpetual alms," the tithes of
hay of the manor of Bolsover, and aU the houses and lands which
had been taken from Eobert Avenel, the former parson of the
church. From the two charters immediately preceding, the king
also granted certain lands and mUls to the then parson of Bolsover,
one Master Alan, who appears to have been on intimate terms with
* The chartulary or register book of Darley Abbey is preserved in the Cot
tonian MSS. (Titus, 0. ix.). There is also a transcript made by Mr. Cole in 1780
from another ancient copy, which was then in the possession of Dr. Farmer, of
Emmanuel College, Cambridge. This latter is described by Mr. Cole as being a thin
vellum volume, in the hand of the time of Eichard II. Add. MSS. 6822, f. 150. See
also, with respect to references to Bolsover in the chartulaj^. Add. MSS. 6668, f. 935,
and 6675, f. 293.

100 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
John. He is described in the first of these charters as " dUectus et
famUiaris clericus noster."/ The tithes of hay were also confirmed to
the church hi the reign of Henry III.;t but it appears from the register
book of Darley Abbey that the vicarage of Bolsover was endowed
¦with only the tithes of lambs and wool, and the obventions of the
altar except the chief mortuary. Perhaps this endowment of the
tithes of hay was forfeited or lapsed to the Abbey about the close
of the reign of Henry IIL, when Bolsover Castle, which had been
granted to the Earls of Chester, reverted to the Crown.
In the year 1215 the castle of Bolsover feU into the hands of
the insurrectionary barons, being carried by assault by WUliam de
Ferrers, Earl of Derby. At the same time he re-took also the castle
of the High Peak, and was rewarded by being made governor of
both these fortresses. We then read that WiUiam de Ferrers con
firmed the grant of the church of Bolsover to the monastery of
Darley. The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, consists of a nave,
chancel, south aisle, south porch, and tower at the west end,
surmounted by a low broached spire.
The semi-chcular archway, leading from the nave into the chancel,
is the principal remnant of the old Norman building, for the church
has undergone many and considerable alterations in later times.
Much of the walls, both of the chancel and the nave, may very
probably be the same that were standing here in the days of
WiUiam Peverel, but neither windows nor doorways show any
trace of that style of architecture, unless it may be in part of the
tympanum over the small south door into the chancel, on which
is carved a representation of the crucifixion. The doorway itself
is post-reformation, as well as parts of the car-ving, but the part
bearing the crucifix seems to have belonged to a much earlier
date. X
The tower was built during the early English period of the
thirteenth century. Judging from the windows of the beU-chamber,
it seems that it was erected early in that style, when the small
Norman lights were not quite forgotten. The west doorway of the
* EotuU Chartarum. 1 John, memb. 11.
f EotuU Chartarum. 19 Henry III, memb.
I When the British Archteological Association were in Derbyshire in 1851, a visit
was made to Bolsover, and an opinion is hazarded in the Journal, vol. vii.' p. 317,
that this sculpture of the orucifixion may be of a date anterior to the Conquest. ' But
there seems no reason to assign it to an earlier date than that of the Norman period.
A good Ulustration of this sculpture and the upper part of the doorway is erven in
the Journal. °

BOLSOVER. 101
tower is a fair specimen of the style, and to the same period may
perhaps be attributed the doorway into the nave on the north side
of the church. The spire, which is somewhat low, rises imme
diately from the wall of the tower, and is not surrounded by any
parapet or gutter — a style of spire that is usually distinguished as
broached. Though the spire appears to be of a rather later date
than the tower, we need not conclude that it did not form a portion
of the original design ; for it often thus occurred, as in modern
days, that many years intervened between the erection of a tower
and its completion by the addition of a spire.
The east ¦window of the chancel is an effective specimen of the
Decorated period {circa 1320), and is simUar in design to the one
occupying the same position in the adjacent church of Whitwell.
To this style, too, must be attributed the south porch, as well as
the four arches that separate the nave from the south aisle, sup
ported on octagon piUars with plainly moulded capitals.
Two windows that light the north side of the nave are of the
Perpendicular period, tn which style several small alterations or
additions appear to have been made ; but the whole of the body
of the church, and especiaUy the chancel, with its flat plaster roof,
has suffered grievously, both inside and out, under the hands of
churchwardens of the last century. When these blundering, but
probably weU-meaning, folk had effected all the barbarities which
the parish funds would aUow, it was but seldom that they failed
to conspicuously emblazon theh names for the benefit of posterity.
Accordingly on a slab over the porch we find the names of Thomas
Robinson and Thomas Poynton, Churchwardens hi 1773. To them,
therefore, may be safely assigned a considerable share of the
blemishes that now disfigure the chm-ch of Bolsover. Little did
these two good men think, when they gazed with pride on their
names sculptured over the doorway of their parish church, how
much their taste would be despised before a hundred years had
elapsed. The chancel contains at least one object of great . interest to the
antiquary. Fixed against the north wall is a large slab of stone,
about five feet long by three wide, rudely calved in very high relief.
This stone was discovered about the year 1704, at the north door
of the church, where, with its face downwards, it had served as
a step.*
* An engraving of this stone is given in Bateman's "Vestiges of the Antiquities of
Derbyshire, p. 193. See also Gentleman's Magaeine for 1786, p 298; and Pegge's
CoUeotions, vol. v., p. 91.

102 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
The sculpture, which is much mutUated, represents the Adoration
of the infant Jesus by the wise men from the east. Mary is repre
sented as sitting upon a bed composed of straw, holding on her
knees the chUd Jesus. The head of the infant is wanting. The
three figures standing near the bed are probably intended to repre
sent the -wise men bearing their offerings of gold, frankincense,
and myrrh. The hands (and whatever they carried) of two of
these figures are broken off, but the centre one, who seems to be
kneeliog behind the bed, is s-winging a censer, representing, we
suppose, the offering of frankincense. In the background two
camels' heads, with a singularly human cast of countenance, pro-
.trude their long necks over the manger. The sculpture was for
merly richly coloured, traces of which stiU remain visible, and it
probably served as the altar-piece of the original chm-ch here
erected by WUliam Peverel ; for, from the costume of the figures
and the general style of the workmanship, it may safely be assigned
to a date as early as the first half of the twelfth century. Glover,
foUowed by Bateman and subsequent writers, supposes fr-om the
situation in which it was found, that this stone was put there as
a place of safety during some of the frequent attacks that were
made on Bolsover Castle. But this seems, for many reasons,
about the most improbable suggestion that could weU have been
devised, to account for its position. This cumbersome mass of
stone would be the last thing that would be likely to be taken as
spoil by any marauding army; and it certainly is most singular
that the inhabitants of Bolsover, tn theh desfre to preserve their
altar-piece, should first have mutUated it by knocking off the head
of the principal figure, and otherwise damaging it. If, too, they
wished to conceal it, we cannot believe that they were so " thick
in the yed " as to put this large slab, newly torn down from its
position, in a place so open to observation as the entrance to the
church itself 1 Does it not seem much more reasonable to con
jecture that this sculpture, once highly reverenced and doubtless
superstitiously worshipped, was dragged do-wn, disfigured, and placed
in the most contemptible position— a place where the foot of the
former worshipper muSt perforce tread upon it— at the time when
the Reformation spread through the land? This may have been
done, as it was m very numerous instances throughout England,
by the free wUl of a suddenly awakened people, or it may have
been enforced by the edicts against superstitious images issued by

BOLSOVER. 103
Henry VIII.'s minister, Cromwell, in 1538, and by Edward VI.
some ten years later. Even if it escaped -aU this, it could not fail
to come under the sweeping order of the Parliament in August,
1643, repeated in May, 1644, by which it was enacted that: — "All
Crucifixes, Crosses, and aU other Images and Pictures of Saints in
any Churches, Chappells, or other place of Publick Prayer, shall be
taken away and defaced."
On the south side of the chancel there is a large slab, forming
part of the pavement, roughly incised with the full length figures
of a man and a woman, and having four smaller figures below
them. Round the margin is an inscription, which is much defaced.
Part of this stone is covered by the chancel seats.
Bassano, who -visited the church about 1710, makes mention of a
raised or altar tomb, whieh then stood on the south-west side of
the chancel, on which was the portraiture of a man with a dagger
by his side, and a woman, having five chUdren kneeUng below them.
Roimd the margin was the following inscription : — " Hic jacet WU-
lielmus Woodhouse ¦* et . . . . qui obiit v die mensis Martii,
A.D. MCCCX." Lysons' manuscript notes,t taken a century later,
mention a slab of sandstone in the chancel, much defaced, bearing
the effigy of a merchant and his wife, .and an inscription com
mencing "Hic jacet dns Thomas." But probably both of these
descriptions refer to the stone now in the chancel, the inscription
on which has been read in different ways, owing to its indistinct
ness. At the east end of the south aisle, against the south waU, is a
sepulchral recess, covered by an ogee-shaped arch, but much defaced.
A door in the east wall of the aisle opens into the Cavendish chapel.
On a stone over tbe outer entrance to the chapel is the date of its
erection, 1618, and above it are the Cavendish arms and crest.
It is of small dimensions, about eighteen feet by fifteen, and choked
up vrith most costly and extravagant monuments of a would-be
Grecian order, composed of various-coloured marbles. The two
principal ones are to the memory of Sir Charles Cavendish, who
died in 1617, and Henry Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, who died
in 1691.
Though not coming ¦within the scope of these " Notes," we cannot
* The famUy of Woodhouse settled at GlapweU in the year 1400. The heiress of
Thomas Woodhouse, about the latter end of the 17th century, married Hallowes.
tAdd. MSS., 9463.

104 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
resist quoting the foUowing admirable inscription from the tomb of
Sfr Charles Cavendish : —
"CHAELES CAVENDISH TO HIS SONS.
" Sonnes, seek not me among these poUshed stones ;
These only hide part of my flesh and bones ;
Which did they here so neat and proudly dweU,
WiU aU be dust, and may not make me sweU.
" Let such as have outliv'd all pi:aise
Trust iu the tombs their careful friends do raise ;
I made my Ufe my monument and your'a.
To which there's no material that endures,
" Nor yet inscription like it. Write but that.
And teach your Nephews it to emulate;
It -wiU be matter loud enough to tell
Not when I died, but how I Uv'd — fareweU."*
The font at the west end of the church is interesting from the
admixture of the styles. Round the summit, which is of chcular
shape, runs a cable moulding, that taken "alone would point to the
Norman period ; but lower do^wn it assumes an octagon shape, each
of the sides bearing a fleur-de-hs tn rehef, except tbe one facing
due east, which bears a shield charged ¦with a Latin cross. The
font itself, independently of the base, is two feet three inches high,
and two feet six inches in diameter at the top.
The interior of the church is much disfigured with heavy south
and west gaUeries.
The tower contains a peal of four beUs, inscribed as foUows : —
1. "Hic campana sacra fiat Trinitati beatre.'' The founder's
mark is that usuaUy attributed to Richard MeUour, of Nottingham,
who flourished at the close of the fifteenth century. The initials,
N.D., appear on each side of the shield bearing the bell mark.
2. " AU glori, honor, and prayse be given to God. 1585."
3. " Te Deum Laudamus. A.D. 1585." This, as weU as the
preceding one, bears the beU mark of Henry Oldfield.
4. "Henry Ba(r)low. 1616. God save his church." The beU
mark .is that of George Oldfield.
It appears there was a chapel tn the old castle of Bolsover, for
WUliam de Ferrers, Earl of Derby, settled an annual rent charge
of a mark of sUver upon the chaplain. Whether there was any
intra-mural interment at this chapel or not cannot now be deter
mined, but the presence of two very ancient gravestones, buUt hito
the waU which supports the west side of the terrace of Bolsover
Castle, seems to favour the supposition. These two - stones bear
o/^L^'catS^l^pp^Ta^^^^^^ ^" '"^'^ "^^P«^ ^' "« *°""^ - Collin's History

BOLSOVER. 105
crosses in reUef of a very singular, and, sO far as we know, unique
design; the shaft, which is considerably thicker towards the base,
being supported on an inverted crescent. The head of each cross
is formed of a cross pate6. A careful engraving of these stones is
given by Major Rooke tn Dr. Pegge's accoimt of the castle, where
it is suggested that they are memorials of Christians who feU in
action during the assault on the castle hi the thfrteenth century.*
Might not the cross rising from the inverted crescent be intended
to typify the triumph of the Christian over the Saracen, and thus
pohit to the sepulture of tliose who had been previously engaged
ta the Crusades?
The annual value pf the church of Bolsover was estimated, in
1291, at £13 6s. 8d., and m the King's Books at £5 19s.-4d. The
Commissioners of 1650 reported that the vicarage was worth £10,
and that the impropriated tithes, formerly belonging to the Earl of
Newcastle, and out of which thore was an augmentation to the
minister of £50, were worth £87. Thomas Foulkes then held the
yicarage and was returned as " disaffected."
At GlapweU, also, a township of this parish, there was an ancient
chapel, of which no traces aro now extant. Wo know of its exist
ence from the Chartulary of Darley Abbey, which records an
agreement, made about the year 1260, between the Abbot and the
iuhabitants of GlapweU about roofing the chapel. They agreed to
give five acres of land, as an endowment, to keep it tn repafr.t
Probably it feU into disuse and was demolished at the Reformation,
for no mention is made of it by the Commissioners of 1650, who
reported tn favour of the to-wnship of GlapweU being united to
the neighbouring parish of Hault HucknaU.
"A Sketch ofthe History of Bolsover and the Peak Castles (1785), p. 8.
t Cottonian MSS. Titus, c. ix., .f. 116.

liPBmpton*

•iSremj^fon.

ijHERE was a chapel at Brampton, about the year 1100,
for it was at the commencement of the twelfth century
that WUliam Rufus appropriated the church of Chester
field, -with its two dependent chapefries — Wingerworth and Brampton,
to the deanery of Lincoln; The present embattled edifice con
sists of a nave, chancel, side aisles, south porch, and low western
tower, from which rises a short contracted spfre. It is dedicated
to St. Peter and St. Paul, and not to the latter saint alone, as
is conclusively proved by the foundation deed of the- chantry here
estabhshed. Glover, following HaU's History of Chesterfield, says
that the present church is supposed, from an mscription on one
of its waUs, to have existed in the year 1158. This mistake is
copied from a statement made on hearsay by Dr. Pegge, which
was published in the Topographica Brittanica* in 1787, and which
probably arose from the fact that there was formerly a tablet in
the church giving the particulars of the re-dedication in 1253.
The church was rebuilt and consecrated the day after the festival
of St. Margaret (July 21st)-, 1253, by Brendon, Bishop of Ardfert,
sufliragan to Roger de Weseham, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry.
Ardfert was an ancient see of the Irish Church, united to the
diocese of Limerick in 1660. Roger de Weseham was consecrated
Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry tn 1245, and held that see until
1256, when he resigned on account of the infirmities of old age,
which had for several years incapacitated him from his duties.t
* The actual words are : — " It is said there is an inscription on the waUs of Bramp
ton Chapel importing its erection in 1156." A Sylloge of the remaining authentic
Inscriptions relative to the erection of English Churches, p. 67.
t There are various references to Brampton in the different volumes of Pegge's
Collections in the College of Arms. At page 139, of vol. 5, the account of a re-
dedication of the church in 1253 is given in fuU, being copied from a book amongst
the records at Lincoln Cathedral, entitled Cai-tis tangentes Decimarum Eccl'
beatce Marice Lincoln. The deed, in which this narration occurs, relates to the
reservation of all rights to the mother church of Chesterfield, and is witnessed,
amongst others, by Eobert " CapeUanus de Wyngerworth," and by Stephen " Capel
lanus de Brampton."

110 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES-
Of the church that existed here prior to the year 1253 there is
at least one relic in the round Norman doorway that leads into
the church under the south porch. From the inside, however,
this appears to be an Early English doorway, and it affords a
curious instance of the blending, or rather the actual interlacing
of the two styles. The church erected in 12'58 would, of course,
be Early English throughout, but beyond the half of this doorway
we noticed only one other trace of the style. This is to be found
in the base-stone of the smaU lancet window at the west end of
the south aisle, which is part of the original -window. The cm-ious
way in which the lower portion of that window was left, when the
top was cut off by a large square opening that served for a win
dow, previous to the recent restoration, may be seen in the old
engravings of the church.*
The porch, which has a stone roof and an ogee-shaped archway,
is about a hundred years later, being of the Decorated period.
To this period, too, belongs the tower and spire, and certain but
tresses of the chancel. The east side of the tower, and the gable
of the nave bear traces of the former high-pitched roofs that then
covered the church. Much of the actual walls of the church may
also be of this date, but the windows are now all of the Perpen
dicular period. The battlements of the nave, aisles, and chancel
are of the latter date. The spfre is of an octagon shape, and is
broached at the base ; that isj it joins on to the tower without
the intervention of any parapet. It is ornamented with two tiers
of canopied -windows.
On the exterior waUs of the church are several curious stone
figures, some of the Early EngUsh period, and others of later date.
The principal ones are two effigies under canopies in the south
waU of the south aisle, representing St. Peter and St. Paul. The
latter is a bearded effigy holding a book and a sword, the former
holds a key and a book, and, on the top of the pinnacles of his
canopy, bfrds rest. There are three other heads and one smaU
figure on the same side of the church. At the east end of this
aisle, over the window, is a diminutive figm-e of the Virgin and
ChUd, whUst near it is a larger representation of our Sa-riom-
seated under a canopy, with pierced bands and feet. Two hands
hold the canopy, which is clearly of Early English design.
Over the priest's door in the chancel is a corbel head, with fohage
proceeding from the corners of the mouth, a design very similar
* Ford's History of Chesterfield, p. 336.

BEAMPTON. Ill
to a head carved in wood over the east window of Wingerworth
Church. One of the eastern buttresses of the chancel bears in
relief the letter M, and the other has the cross daggers and a
key sculptured on a stone. There is an heraldic rose at each end
of the dripstone over the east window, but these stones are quite
unconnected with the rest of the masonry, and have formed part
of some earlier design.
The interior of the church, tUl five or six years ago, must have
been singularly uninviting, for it was blocked up with large west
and north gaUeries, and the tower archway was completely built
up ¦with masonry. Now, however, the tower is opened to the church
itself, and the pointed archways that separate the aisles from the
nave on each side are free from obstruction. At this time, too,
the Perpendicular tracery was restored to the -windows of the
clerestory and the south aisle, which had previously been con
verted into mere plain square-headed openings. Much of this
modern disfiguring of the church was probably done as late as the
third year of the reign of George IV., when a brief was obtained
for repafring the church.
The preamble to this brief states that " the church of our
parish, or free chapelry, of Brampton is an ancient structure, is
greatly dUapidated, arising from damps and age, and the interior
parts, having been injudiciously arranged in the original planning
of them, wiU not accommodate the larger part of a now much
increased population ; in order to repair the church and benefi-
ciaUy new model the interior, it becomes necessary to take down
the pulpit and reading desk, together with the galleries, pews, and
seats, and to rebuild and raise the same tn a regular and uniform
manner, removing certain pUlars, but supporting thefr places by
the erection of arches, to unroof and raise the north part, and to
make additional windows on the south front, to repafr pavements
and burial ground, drains, spouts," &o., &o.* The estimated cost
of these alterations, drawn up by Jos. Hobson, buUder, of Dron
field, was £669.
At the east end of the north aisle, in the north wall, is a deep
piscina of a single drain with a trefoil head to the niche. The
doorway leading to the rood-loft was found, during the alterations,
at the end of this aisle, but has been blocked up again. The
chancel has a flat Perpendicular roof, now whitewashed and divided
into squares by intersecting beams df oak. The two windows on
* The origrnal of this brief is at the British Museum.

112 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
the south, as well as the east window, have Perpendicular tracery,
the latter of a very singular but ugly design. There is a modem
vestry on the north side.
Fixed against the wall, at the west end of the nave of the church,
is a remarkable sepulchral monument, which is deserving of detaUed
mention. It belongs to the semi-effigial clas's of memorials, and is
considered such a good specimen of that style that it rarely escapes
mention in any treatise bearing on Christian sepulture. As we
write, six different engravings, of more or less accuracy, of this
memorial lie before us, and there are, we believe, as many more
to be elsewhere found.* This stone was discovered in digging a
grave at the commencement of the last century, and has since been
carefully preserved in the church itself. It belongs to that class,
in which the parts of the figure represented are sunk below the
surface of the -stone, and made to appear as tf they were disclosed
to the -view through apertures, formed for that purpose by the
removal of portions of the coffin lid. Through a quatrefoU open
ing at the upper end of the stone, appears the head and shoulders
of a female sculptured in bas-relief. At the bottom of the slab is
a narrow oblong opening, through which are seen the feet and
lower part of the drapery. On the sinister side of the quartrefoU
is a cross florae, marking the commencement of the inscription.
The inscription is in large Lombardic characters, and is written tn
three lines lengthways on the flat part of the stone. It is quite
perfect, and reads as foUows : — Hic jacet Matilda le Gaus, orate 'pro
anima ef pat' nost.' Above the stone is a smaU slab, of the date
of 26th October, 1801, which says, that it perpetuates the memory
of MatUda Le Caus, one of the family of Sfr Thomas Le Caus,
who, it appears, by ancient records, was son ^ of Ralph de
Brampton, lord of the manor of CaushaU, in this township, about
the year 1216, in whose famUy it remained for more than 200
years. Thomas, the son of Ralph de Brampton, took the surname
of de Caus, or Cauz, about the year 1216. This family were lords
of the manor of Caus, or CaushaU, in the township of Brampton,
untU the extinction of the male hne hi 1460. The monument may,
of course, be to the memory of. a MatUda le Caus, the wife or
relative of some proprietor of this manor, and unknown to history ;
but we see no good reason to doubt the suggestion of Lysons that
it commemorates a person of no less consequence than MatUda,
* Cutt's Incised Slabs, BouteU's Christian Monuments, and the local works of
-Lysons, Glover, Eord, and Bateman.

BRAMPTON. 113
the hefress of the barony of Cauz, who died in the year 1224. We
are inclined, too, to dispute the assertion that the head-dress of this
figure is of too late a period to be attributed to the commence
ment of the reign of Hemy III. ; but, if this was the case, it need
create no difficulty, for the monument might not have been erected
to her tUl several years after her decease. It seems clear, too,
that the famUy of Caus, of Brampton, did descend in the female
hne from the baronial family of Caus in Nottinghamshhe, and what
is more likely than that they should have commemorated the high
rank of thefr founder by a monument, which in those days must
have been regarded as an unusual and costly display of art. The
immediate connection, also, of this lady with Derbyshire, tn her
lifetime, is proved by an entry in the Forest Book, of Matilda de
Caus owing a fine, in the fourth year of Henry IIL, for seisin of
the customary of the forests of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire,
which belonged to her by right of inheritance. We omitted to
mention that the figure holds between the hands a human heart.
The arms of Caus were, per che-vron, or and gu., three human
hearts, counterchanged ; but there is no necessity to connect the
holding of a heart ¦with the family arms, as this disposition of the
hands is frequently shown in monumental effigies of this period.
Semi-effigial monuments, especially of this description, are but
rarely met with, and are found for the most part in the Midland
Counties. In the floor of Kedleston Church are the heads of a
knight and lady ¦within quatrefoil openings ; and during some
recent alterations we had the pleasure of discovering the upper
portion of a somewhat similar slab, with a man's head, in the
church of North Winfield. Another memorial of this description,
and of almost identical design vrith that at Brampton, was found
during the repafrs of Hartington Church in 1857.'''
At the west , end of the north aisle is an alabaster slab, one
margin of which has been cut away, and' another portion partly
covered by the seats. It has a marginal inscription in black letter,
of which only the commencement can now be deciphered, " Hic
jacet Thomas BaU . . . " It appears to be a memorial of the
fifteenth century, but it has been subsequently utUised, for it now
bears in the centre of the stone these two modern inscriptions : —
" Anna uxor Roberti Owtrem sepulta fuit undecimo die Junii, Anno
1705." "Here also lieth the body of Samuel Owtrem, of Cutthorp.
* A sketch of the Hartington memorial appeared in the Reliquary, October, 1860,^
p. 128.

114 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
He died 22nd June, 1763, aged 90 years." Bassano, visiting the
church about 1710, mentions this monument as "ye effigies of a
man with a chaUce on his right side and a book opened on his
left," and though ^the inscription was not then perfect, there was
more of it remaining—" Hic jacet Thomas Ball, Capellan', qui obiit
ix die mensis Octobris ..."
Various other alabaster slabs, more or less defaced, are described
by Bassano, all of which have now totaUy disappeared. One,, bear
ing the portraiture of a man and woman, had an inscription, of
which only " Hic jacet PhUippus" remained; another showed the
lower portion of a central figure and three chUdren, with the words,
" Qui quidem PhUippus obut 28 die mensis," and the following
quartered coat : — •
" 1st and 4th, arg., on a che^vron 3 caterfoyles, sa.
2nd and 3rd, a cross ingraUed, between 11 cups silver.'' (?)¦*
On a thfrd slab he describes the effigies of a man and woman
and their six children, "upon it, very dimly inscribed, is ' Robtus
Br . . holme et Alicia uxor ejus  iii die feh. A"^. D".
MDXXV"
Bassano further noted, in the east ¦window of the north aisle, the
foUo^wing arms : — " Az., a bend between 6 escaUops, or, impaled
¦with arg., a frett, sa. In another pajt of the window — arg., a
chevron between 8 escallops, gu. A third pane contained — arg.,
upon a bend, az., 5 bezants charged with as many crosses potent,
sa." The first of these coats, if properly blazoned, is FrechevUle im
paling Vernon, but, though we know that FrechevUle held lands at
Brampton in the reign of Henry VIIL, there is no account of an
aUiance between these families. It seems, therefore, probable that
Bassano read the arms rightly, but made an error about the tinc
tures ; for Foljambe and FrechevUle bore the same arms, only in
different colours. If this is the case, the impaled coat signified the
marriage between Henry Foljambe and Benedicta, the daughter of
Sir WUliam Vernon, of Nether Haddon, which took place in the
rcign of Henry VI. There are numerous deeds extant relating to
property at Brampton held by the Foljambes.t
The second coat is that of Breton, of Walton ; and the third is
one which we have not yet identified.
* This coat belongs to Eyre, but we are unable to identify the second and third
quarterings, which appear to be incorrectly stated. The Byres were possessed of a
smaU property at Brampton in the fifteenth century.
t Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, vol. 1, pp. 350, 353, 356, etc.

BRAMPTON. 116
There are some cumbersome and ungainly monuments of the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, to the memory of the Clarkes
of Somersall, in the north aisle, but they do not come within the
scope of these notes. Beneath one of them is affixed a smaU brass
to the memory of the first of the famUy who settled here. It is
thus inscribed : — " Mors est mihi vita. Hic jacet Nichus Clarke de
Somersall in Brampton generosus, qui obiit prime die March Anno
Dni. 1589." The history of the travels of this plate, and a com
panion, is rather curious. Dr. Pegge, writing about the middle of
the 'last . century, describes this brass as being then at SomersaU
Hall, Brampton, the seat of the Clarkes. He also notes another
plate at the same place, which was inscribed as follows: — "Hic
jacet Oliverus Shawe, quondam Vicarius hujus eccl' qui obiit xxiii.
die Septembris Ao. Dni MCCCCCXLIIl. Cujus aie' ppicietur De."
Dr. Pegge adds that in aU reason both of these belong to Brampton
church.* After the death of the fourth Earl Scarsdale, Sutton HaU
was purchased by Godfrey Clarke in 1740, and became his principal
seat. The brasses appear to have moved with him, for Mr. Reynolds
has the foUo-wing memorandum, under date 6th June, 1775 — "Being
then at Sutton-in-the-Dale, in order to fetch away some things
which I had bought at the HaU on Friday, the 2nd instant, I
foimd amongst the rubbish in the library the two brass plates men
tioned by Dr. Pegge, of which he gives the inscriptions. Both
these I delivered to the late Mr. Clarke's housekeeper, at Sutton
HaU, aforesaid, "t Elsewhere, Mr. Reynolds, not kno^wing whence
the plate had come, suggests that Ohver Shawe had been a former
¦near of Sutton. The former of these plates has eventuaUy, as we
have seen, been restored to its proper position ; but we are afr-aid
that the brass to the vicar is yet at large. A few years ago, it
turned up at a lawyer's office tn Chesterfield, and a suggestion was
made that it should be placed tn the parish chm-ch of that town
as one of the vicars of Chesterfield. Fortunately this suggestion
was not adopted ; and it is to be hoped that it may yet be returned
to the church of Brampton.
In the chm-chyard, near to the priest's door, is a portion of a
sepulchral slab, about three feet by two. It has been effectively
sculptured with foUage, and belongs to the early English period.
It is speciaUy interesting to note these traces of early septUtm-e at
Brampton, for there was much dispute with the mother-church of
* Pegge's CoUections, vol. 8, p. 22.
fAdd. MSS. 6705, f. 74.

116 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Chesterfield about the burial of thefr dead. It seems that the
inhabitants of Brampton did not inter round their own chapel tUl
some time tn the thfrteenth century. In the reign of Henry IIL,
during his war with Simon de Montford in 1264-6, we read of
their repafring portions of the waU of the Chesterfield graveyard,
adjacent to their own part of the burial ground, in which they
would not allow others to be buried. But the monument of MatUda
le Caus seems to point to occasional earUer burial at Brampton, at
aU events -within the church. There are some cm-ious Latin notes
at the end of the earliest of the Chesterfield registers, copied therein
by the Rev. Matthew Waddington, who was vicar of Chesterfield
from 1616 tUl 1638, wherein are enumerated certain claims on the
part of that vicarage upon the neighbouring chapelries and hamlets.
These claims seems to have been confirmed by a decree of the Star
Chamber, on the 11th November,, in the seventh year of Charles I.
The inhabitants of Brampton, with those of the adjacent hamlets
of Wigley, Wadshelf, Loades, and Pocknage, had, after the privUege
of baptizing and burial at Brampton had been granted, to make an
offering of a farthing for each inhabited house on the festivals of
AU Saints, Epiphany, and the Assumption, to the vicar of Chester
field. They were required to supply, in their turn, the sacramental
bread for the mother-church. But the most singular custom was
that they were bound to take for burial to Chesterfield, every year,
the corpse of the first person -who died in any of these hamlets
after New Year's Day ; and the vicar of Chesterfield was to receive
aU the fees and mortuary oblations that would have been paid had
the corpse been buried at Brampton. This custom seems to have
continued down to the year 1828, as may be proved from entries in
the Chesterfield registers ; but it was subsequently resisted by the
inhabitants of Brampton, and made the subject of litigation. The
dispute eventually resulted in the retention of the corpse, but in
payment of certain fees to Chesterfield ; and we believe that two
shillings is still paid to the -ricar of Chesterfield for the first person
who dies at Brampton after New Year's Day.
Brampton has, however, been long esteemed a separate parish.
It is even said to have been so considered in 1547, when the
Chantry RoU was taken.
Hugh Ingram, who is supposed to have married one of the co-
hefresses of Caus, founded a chantry tn this church. It is thus
described in the Chantry RoU : — " Tbe Chauntrye of or Ladye of
Braunton founded by Hughe Ingram, whose inherytaunce is comen

BRAMPTON. 117
to Fras. Erie of Shrewsburye for a priste to say masse in or Ladye
ChappeU, UijZi., vjs., viijrf. Thos. SomefseU^* Chauntry Prest. It
hath a mancyon house prised att vs. viijd. by yere. Stock xUjs. xjcZ."
The original deed by which this chantry was endowed is stiU
preserved at Lincoln. By that deed Hugh Ingram set apart thfrty-
five acres of land : " Deo et Capellse apostolorum Petri et Pauli
Brampton." This chantry was well endowed, for, tn addition to
the acres bestowed by the first charter, it shortly afterwards had
twenty-nine more 'acres bestowed upon it by different benefactors,
including eleven acres from Hugh de Linacre. The founder also
made a free gift of fifteen acres to WiUiam, Dean of Lincoln, by
way, we suppose, of purchasing consent for the foundation of the
chantry. This WiUiam was WiUiam de Lexinton, who was Dean
about the year 1260 ; and the chantry was probably founded in
the year 1264.
The Deans of Lincoln appear to have looked very closely after
their Derbyshfre emoluments. In the reign of Henry IIL, and
again tn 1324, the Dean of Lincoln is actuaUy described as being
Parson of Brampton, f
The following are the legends on the four bells in the tower : —
1. " Jesus be our sped."
2. " Jesu nomen in — . "
8. " God save this church."
4. "Jesus be our sped."J
Over the gable at the east end of the nave is the beU-cot for
the sanctus beU. We were told that a former incumbent removed
this beU to the adjacent parsonage.
In the churchyard, Bassano mentions " a handsome cross of two
greeves (steps), and upon ye middle stone is a large sundial."
When the Parliamentary Survey of Li^vings was taken, in 1650,
the Commissioners reported of Brampton, that it is "a parochial
chapelry in parish of Chesterfield. In vicarial tythes 20s. It is
thought fitt to be made a parish church. Sir E. Leech is the-
impropriator, and bound to find a minister at Brampton. Mr. H.
* The Somersalls, of Somersall, were au old Derbyshire famUy. Godfrey Somer
saU was Governor of Peak Castle in the reign of Edward VI.
f From manuscripts of Mr. GodfreyToljambe, of Wigley,' quoted by Dr. Pegge.
J There is an incompleteness in the inscription on the second bell, for which we
cannot account, nor are we able to say anything as to the beU-founder's marks, for on
both the occasions when we visited Brampton Church the key of the belfry was kept
at such a distance from the -village as to be uuavaUable. Forthe inscriptions, as they
are given in the text, we are indebted to a friend.

118 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Hybbert is incumbent, an able, honest preacher. There is augmen-
tacon of £40 per annum granted to Brampton."
A hasty burial took place in this church, under the high altar,
of which there is now no memorial. According to an old memo
randum book of one Arthur Mower, of Barlow, " Mr. Godfrey
Foljambe, of Moorhall, departed from out of this world on Monday
at morn, about 1st cock-crowing, 15 November ; and was buried at
Brampton, in the chancel under the high altar, where it stood the
same day towards night, for it could not be kept. Anno Dom. 1591."*
*Add. MSS. 6671, f. 341.

<5lPShFfiplli.

•Prlraingfon,

JQptoiolb.

^praplp llormanl^on*

alfon*

(J^pltppfipli,

T the time of the Domesday Survey Newbold formed part
of the demesne of the Crown. It was a manor of con
siderable extent, and comprised within its limits six
hamlets — Whittington, Brimington, Tapton, Boythorpe, Eckington,
and Chesterfield. The ancient chapel at Newbold may probably
have been, at one time in its history, strange as it may now seem,
the mother church of Chesterfield. Though no mention is made of
a church at Chesterfield in the Domesday Book, one must have been
erected there almost immediately on the conclusion of that survey,
for Wilham Rufus, who died in the year 1100, gave the church of
Chesterfield, together with its chapels, to the Dean and Chapter of
Lincoln. This gift was probably made, as was often the case, at
the time of the church's erection. The Rev. George HaU, in com-
pUing his History of Chesterfield', published in 1823, made the
singular mistake of asserting that " in Domesday Book it is said
Matthew Hathersage gave six acres of land in Newbold-field to the
church at Chesterfield, on the day of dedication, tn the year 1233."
As the Domesday Survey had been completed about a century and
a half before that date, the strange blunder is at once detected,
and would have been hardly worth notice, had not Glover, in his
History of Derbyshire, published ten years later, slavishly copied it.
A strange bungle has arisen over the question of the original date
of the dedication of Chesterfield church, for Dr. Pegge, one of the
most careful of antiquaries, led us astray by stating in his History
of Beauchief Abbey, on the authority of the Chartulary at Lincoln,
that it was dedicated in the year 1234. But when Ford's local
history was published in 1839, a copy of tbe original receipt con
cerning these six- acres of land was published in a note, and runs
as follows : —
" I, Hugh of Walton, have received from WiUiam de Thomaeo,

122 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Dean of Lincoln, six acres of arable land in the field of Newbold,
those (acres) namely which Matthew de Hathersage gave to the
church of Chesterfield on the day of dedication, the same church
to be had and held. Witness. Hugo de Linacre, &c., &c. .Dated
at Chesterfield, on Wednesday the day after the Assumption of the
Blessed Vfrgin Mary, in the year of our Lord, 1234." It is
curious that this receipt should have misled Dr. Pegge and also
the compUer of Ford's history. All that it means is, that Sfr
Matthew Hathersage made a gift to the church of Chesterfield on
the anniversary of its dedication, which was an usual date upon
whieh special betjuests were made. The original dedication day
must have been at least as early as the times of WiUiam Rufus.
Then again, as if to further complicate the puzzle, the church,
until within the last few months, bore the date 1037 inscribed upon
a stone over the entrance of the south transept porch. Several
theories have been started to account for the obvious incorrectness
of this date as applicable to any portion of the present structure,
the one most generally accepted being that it was copied from the
older transept, pulled down to make room for the present one.
But there is no reason to believe that a church existed here at aU
in the year 1037, and, if it did, the architects of those days were
the last persons in the world to think of blazoning the date of
their achievement on the outside of the structure. Ford, sug
gesting that the curved part of the figure 2 was mistaken for an 0,
and the downstroke of the 4 for a 7 when the copy was made,
attempts to make the date taUy with the 1234 of the Lincoln
Chartulary. But then, as we have afready stated, the Lincoln
Chartulary never did assert that the church was dedicated in the
year 1234. The most probable solution of the difficulty. is to be
found in the suggestion that has occurred to us, that the 0 was
originaUy a 6, and that the upper part of the stroke perished from
exposure to the weather, or was smoothed off by some wicked wag.
This date, 1637, would about correspond with the probable date of
the erection of the porch leading into the south transept, which
has just been removed. This porch had a quaint entrance, with
an ogee-shaped but very flat archway, but was otherwise clearly
referable to the seventeenth century. Making inquiries as to the
whereabouts of this inscribed stone, we found that it was cracked
in two when being taken down, and that it was subsequently
removed to the builder's yard at Staveley. Probably before these
lines are tn print it wiU have been finally broken up, or othervrise

CHESTERFIELD. 123
utiUsed, and vriU no longer vex the souls of local archsBologists.
The stone had, however, been in dire disgrace for some time pre
vious to its removal, for we learnt that its figures had been all
roughly chiselled off, ¦ and only the trace of them left behind.
Another point of dispute in connection with this church is the
style of its dedication. By some accounts it is said to be dedicated
to All Saints, but by others to St. Mary. We are not aware,
however, of any good grounds for attributing it to the latter dedica
tion. On the contrary. Bacon's Liber Regis, the accepted authority
on disputed dedications, Lewis's TopograpMctd Dictionary, and the
most trustworthy of the Gazetteers and local histories, unite in
ascribing it to All Saints. The church itself also bears witness to
the truth of this statement, for a brass in the south transept, of
the date of 1500, to which reference wiU be subsequently made,
mentions "the parish of All Saints, in Chesterfield." Moreover, at
the foundation of both the Guilds, and in other documents of the
fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centm-ies, it is spoken of as
dedicated to AU Saints, whereas we have not met with a single
pre-reformation statement of its dedication to St. Mary.*
Of the church that existed here in the days when the Norman
style of architecture prevailed, no trace now 'remains, either in the
buUdtng itself or in the monumental remains, unless we except an
incised slab, described and pictured by Ford, that may have been
of that period, but which seems to have disappeared during the
alterations tn 1842 — 3. The church, as it at present stands, is of
a cruciform shape, and consists of nave, side aisles, north and
south transepts, and chancel with aisles and chapels on each side.
From the four arches at the intersection of the cross rises a well-
proportioned square tower, surmounted by a plain parapet and four
octagonal pinnacles, from amid which springs that architectural
singularity, the twisted spfre of lead-covered timber. The propor
tions of this large church are justly balanced, and would have, if
it was not for the spire, a most symmetrical and harmonious effect.
The height of the spire, exclusive of the weather-cock, is 230 feet.
The total length of the church is 170 feet 11 inches, and the
breadth across the transept, 109 feet 6 inches.
The oldest portion of the present buUding is to be found in the
transepts. A new doorway has just been built to the south tran-
* There are copies of four charters, each of which specifies the church of -AU Saints
amongst the WoUey papers. Add. MSS. 6667, pp. 697-711. The dates of these charters
extend from 31 Edw. III., to 32 Hen. VHI.

124 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
sept, from which the porch has been romovod as already described,
and the details of the now doorway precisely follow the character
istics of its decayed predecessor. The old do(u-way, as is shown by
the stones placed inside the transupt, and by tho bases not yet
removed from the churchyard, was a fair example of early EngliBh
work, the jambs being cut into shafts bordered by the charactor-
istic tooth or four-loavod flower ornament. Inside tbe transept,
too, there is a remnant of this period in the half-pillar against the
south wall, from the capital of which springs one of tho arches
that separate the south transept from the south chapel. Round
this half-pillar, or pUaster, cluster eight small shafts, that have
two projecting bands between the capital and base. The arch that
springs from it is of later work, consonant with tho main portion
of the buUding. The north transept also bears traces of early
English work. The two archways which separate the north chapel
from this transept are both supported on the outer walls by
pUasters consisting of a single disengaged shaft of early English
work, divided in the centre by a single band. The capitals of
these shafts are carved into weU-definod foliage. There arc several
corbel heads or brackets projecting from both the west and oast
walls of the north transept, which point to the existence of a roof
of very different pitch and construction to the present one. Those
on the east wall appear to belong to this period. These traces,
then, of early Enghsh work in the twq transepts, are sufficient to
tell us that a large cruciform church was erected here in the thir
teenth century, probably about 1250, in tho place of the Norman
church of William Rufus that previously existed. Tho rwnains,
too, arc sufficient to enable us to say that this church of tho thir
teenth century was not carried out on an entirely uniform plan,
and was probably not completed at one time. It seems as though
the north transept was of earlier construction than the one on the
south. Nor must we here omit to mention the corbel-table that
supports the exterior cornice of the wall on the south side of the
Foljambe chapel. The heads and other mouldings that forra this
corbel-table are oloarly attributable to the early English period,
and form an additional proof of the great size of the church in the
thirteenth century.
By far the most considerable portion of tho present fabric must,
however, havo been erected in the succdoding century, when the
Decqrated style was in vogue. The nave, side aisles, south porch,
parts of the transepts, and the fine central tower, all formed part

CHESTERFIELD. 125
of one grand uniform design ; but this design was not caarried out
at ihc oast ond of tbe chiu-cb, owing, we suppose, to that poriion
being iu good repair from recent restorations. We have already
seen how parts of early English work were left in the transepts,
let us now seo what further alterations were made previous to the
reconstruction of the main body of the building. The Decorated
period of English arehitecture prevailed chiefly tiiroughout the
fourteenth century, iu the reigu s of Edward II. and Edward IIL,
though some of the OiU-liest speeimens were ereeted iu 1290. There
was eonsiderablo change throughout the continuance of this style,
and the parts of Chesterfield Church that belong to this period
differ in design, aud were built ou three if not four separate occa
sions. The oai-liest of these may. we think, be found in the south
or Cidtou chapel, and iu tiie centi-al pUlar that supports the two
arches which divide the chapel fr-om the ti-ansept. This pUlai-
would probably be erected at the time when the early English
work began to give way. or when this chapel, as it now stands,
was erected. The pUlar differs decidedly from all the others in the
church, aud is grooved into alternate rounded and filleted mould
ings. The chapel is a lofty apse-shaped buUding, and is lighted by
three taU windows of two lights each, the upper portions bemg
filled ¦witli Deeorat«d ti-aeery of a regular design. The two south
windows, also, of the adjacent Foljambe chapel, of three hghts
each, are of a Decorated pattern at one time iu fr-equeut use, and
though the oast window of tliis chapel is now of Perpendicular
design, the former higher span of the window arch, when it was
of the same design as the south ¦windows, e;m be plainly seen from
the exterior. Then again, the central pUlar of the north ti-ansept,
supporting the two arches that divide the transept fr-om the north
eliapel, is of this period. It is of ootagou;d shape, aud has a
unique-looking capital, whieh is sculptured iuto a double row of
foliage with a human head on the east side, aud auothor defaced
ou the west. This transept and chapel wore much kuocked about
and barbarously "restored" hi the last centmy, but, over a
modei-nised round-headed north doorway into the ehapel. is a fine
window of four principal hghts with elegant Flamboyant tiaeery.
This window represents the Decorated stylo when in its prime, aud
though of no large dimensions, is iu our opinion the gem of the
church iu point of design. The large oast window of the chancel
is now fiUed with Decorated tracery, but this dates back no fiu-tlier
than 18i'2— 3. when it superseded one of Perpendicular construction ;

126 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
and during the present year a fine window of the same style has
been put in the south of the south transept, succeeding to one
which was of Perpendicular date. On each side of the chancel are
two archways that di-ride it fr-om the Foljambe chapel on the
south, and the corresponding one on the north. These arches, sup
ported by central octagonal columns with plainly moulded capitals,
are of the Decorated period, and tolerably early in that style.
Now aU these details of Decorated work that we have been enume
rating, are doubtless of earlier- date than the general design of that
period when the body and tower of the church were constructed.
They were probably buUtat different times by different benefactors
to the church, and if we were asked to • assign approximate dates to
the various portions, we should place the transept pillars about the
year 1300 ; the chancel archways and perhaps the Foljambe and
south chapel about 1320 ; and the Flamboyant north window
about 1350.
The whole of the nave, north and south aisles, south porch, tower
(and probably spfre), together with a portion of the south transept,
form part of one design, of the reign of Edward III., and cer
tainly not earlier than 1350. In fact this rebuilding was carried
out throughout the whole structure, except in those eastern parts
where the fabric was sound, having only been erected a few years
previously. The nave is separated from the side aisles by six
arches on each side, supported by five pillars. These piers are
formed of four clustered pillars, and have plain capitals of three
courses of rounded mouldings. The west arches are supported hy
half pillars or responds of the same description, and those at the
east end rest on handsome corbels. There are five side windows
to each of the aisles, of three principal lights, all of the same
device, and another window like them, but of larger dimensions,
in the west wall of the south transept. From the exterior we
notice that these windows are divided by buttresses of two courses,
surmounted by pinnacles, which correspond in position to the piers
of the arches in the interior. These windows are set deeply in
the walls, and the jambs are carved into delicate and well pre
served mouldings. The simple hood-mould that runs round the
windows is continued horizontally along the walls until it joins the
buttresses, a feature unusual in Decorated work. The tracery in
the upper part of the windows is somewhat stiff, and indicates an
approach to the more definite times of the Perpendicular era. The
details of the jambs of the two west windows of the aisles exactly

CHESTERFIELD. 127
correspond with the others, but the tracery shows that they have
been restored during the Perpendicular period. The tracery of the
large west window is of a more flowing description, but it is a
modern insertioh. In the Rev. Alfred Suckling's Church Notes is a
beautifuUy finished pen-and-ink sketch of Chesterfield Church from
the north-west, which, shows this window filled with debased Per
pendicular tracery, having two lines of transoms.* The west bay
of each of these aisles is occupied by doorways of similar pattern.
The third doorway into the nave below the large west window,
which has recently been rather clumsUy restored, is also of the
same design. These doorways are good specimens of the late
Decorated work. The jambs are' cut into three filleted shafts,
divided by filleted mouldings. The fillets are continued up the
capitals of the shaft, and by intersecting the horizontal mouldings
present a curious cross-like effect. The doorway on the south side
is covered by a handsome porch, the entrance into which is sur
mounted by a richly-ornamented, canopied niche, and the gable
bears a stone cross. In the north-east comer of this porch is a
low ogee-arched doorway, which opens on a stairway leading to the
roof of the porch, and also to the leads of the side aisle. This
stairway is contained in a projecting turret, surmounted by a
pyramidal pinnacle. Returning to the interior of ¦ the church, we
note the four very effective arches of ample height and span,
and the massive piers upon which the weighty fabric of tower
and spfre are erected. The coup d' ceil is, of course, marred
by the side and west gaUeries of the nave, though it is only
fair to state that they are perhaps as little ungainly as it is pos-
tible for galleries to be ; and we cannot help also- remarking,
though it may be hypercritical, that the effect of the design as a
whole would have been improved if the openings from the side
aisles into the transepts, on each side of the piers of the tower,
had taken the form of pointed archways instead of half-arches,
which only give the appearance of being buttresses.
The tower, springing from the intersection of the nave, chancel,
and transepts, is supported at the angles by shaUow buttresses of
three courses. The lower part of the tower, below the bell-chamber
windows, is divided into two stages by horizontal lines of receding
moulding. Between these two lines are the smaU singledight win
dows, two on each side, that give light to the belfry proper or
bell-ringing chamber. Above these are the fine double windows of
• Add. MSS. 18,478.

128 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
the tower, of good proportion, and of a tracery usual to towers of
this date. Above these again are the parapet and pinnacles. The
parapet is unpierced and not divided into battlements, but it is
adorned with a chaste band of running moulding, very similar to
that in a hke position on the tower of the parish church of Crich.
And now we have reached that singular eccentricity — the spfre,
which must not be passed over in a hasty manner. Of its date
we cannot speak with absolute certainty, but it may, in the first
place, be remarked, that from the construction of the tower it is
indubitable that it was intended to carry a spfre, and secondly
that there are no apparent traces of the e^xistenoe of a previous
spire in the present situation. Spires formed of timber and
covered with shingles or lead are not very uncommon, especiaUy
in the south-eastern counties. They are, as a rule, devoid of all
ornament or work by which they can be appropriated to any par
ticular style of architecture, and are more usually found upon
towers of the Perpendicular period than upon those of earlier date.
But stUl they are not unknown, in other instances besides Ches
terfield, upon towers of the Decorated style, and in more than one
such instance they have been attributed by competent authorities
to that period. There seems, then, no good reason for doubting
that this spfre was erected at or about the time when the tower
and principal portions of the church were buUt, an hypothesis
which places its date between the years 1350 — 70. The spfre is of
an octagonal shape, and is buUt of timber and covered with lead.
The lead is applied tn diagonally-placed paraUelograms, and is so
arranged as to di^ride each of the eight sides into two distinct and
chanelled planes, giving the spire, frrespective of its crookedness, a
most unique appearance. Theories innumerable, and conjectures
without end have been offered on all sides as to the crookedness
of this spire, and, perhaps, the strangest of all is the one that
consists in denying that it possesses any real crookedness, and that
the appearance of it arises from an optical delusion brought about"
by the , strange way in which the lead is disposed ! It is reaUy
wonderful to think how anyone blessed with ordinary eyesight, to
say nothing of a spfrit of investigation, could have arrived at such
a conclusion, and, though the opinion has been backed by men of
great authority in aU matters pertaining to ecclesiastical architec
ture, they have probably only derived their views second hand from
some ardent inhabitant of Chesterfield, who refused to see the
enormity, on the principle that actuates a mother in denying the

CHESTERFIELD. 129
squint of her offspring, though it is patent to all the world ! But,
whatever was tbe basis of their opinion, there it stands in Rick-
man's Gothic Architecture, — ¦" the apparent leaning of the spire arises
partly from the curious spiral mode of putting on the lead, and
partly from ' a real inclination of the general Unes of the wood
work of the spfre;" and Parker, in his Glossary of Architecture,
says — " the lead is so disposed as to give the appearance of the
spfre being twisted." Glover also, in his history of the county,
adopts this view, speaking of " the leaning appearance," and he has
been foUowed by the compUers of several gazetteers and directories.
If anyone stiU holds to this notion of an optical delusion, which
might be held by looking at it ft-om only one direction, let him
walk round the church and view the spire on aU sides ; if he
is stUl tn doubt, let him ascend the tower and walk round the
parapet, keeping his eyes above him ; and should he, perchance,
remain yet unconverted — an apparent impossibUity — let him climb
the ladders in the interior of the spire that lead to the " crow
hole" a few feet from the top, and put his head out of the door
way on the south side, that he ¦wiU there find, and, if he descends
with the impression stiU on him that the leaning or crookedness
is only apparent, he wiU be the most astounding sceptic that the
world has ever seen. We are not in a position, from any observa
tions of our own, to say -more, than that we are assured of the
crookedness, and of a considerable inclination to the south-west ;
in fact we would defy anyone to have any doubt upon either of
these points, frrespective of external appearances, if he would
simply content himself with a visit to the interior of the spire,
and a careful examination of the interlacing of the different
timbers. There seems no reason to doubt the accuracy of the
measurements quoted by the Rev. G. HaU. He teUs us that
in January, 1818, the baU on which the weathercock is fixed
was found to lean towards the south six feet from the perpen
dicular of its base, and four feet four inches out of its perpendi--
cular towards the west ; therefore, its greatest deviation from the
perpendicular of its base is nearly midway between these two-
points, or nearly at south-west. Amongst the different theories
adopted, by those who believe in the reality of the twist and
inchnation, to account for its shape, may be mentioned the follow
ing : — (1) intentional eccentricity of construction, (2) struck by
Ughtning, (3) heavy pressure of lead, (4) warping by the action>
of the sun. The first of these theories is hardly worth a word of

130 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
argument, for though there are those who contend with a good show
of reason that the leaning tower of Pisa and other peculiarities of
architecture in that famous city were purposely so erected,'" there is
something so monstrous, not to say uncanny, about the shape of
the Chesterfield spfre, that it is impossible to conceive any one
in thefr senses sitting down to plan such a device, and almost
equaUy impossible would it have been ' to have carried out such
a device, even tf it had in the first instance been planned.
Rhodes truly remarks of this supposition, " No man who ever
Uved would voluntarUy erect an object of deformity, a thing that
in its form and outline was offensive to the eye, and in opposi
tion to every principle of taste, "t Nor is the second conjecture,
though more probable, much more tenable ; for surely if a timber
spfre had been struck ¦with Ughtning, some visible traces of the
action of'the electric fluid would have been left in the scorching,
or, at aU events, discolouring of the beams ? And if the spfre
had ever received a sudden shock of such violence as to cause so
-marveUous a displacement of its timbers, it is difficult to beUeve
that it could have remained for centuries in its present condition.
In our opinion the true solution is to be found in a combination
of the third and fourth theories. It seems probable that the
various beams, of which the framework of the spfre is composed,
were put up in an insufficiently seasoned condition, and insecurely
rivetted together vrithout due aUowance being made for the great
weight of the requisite mass of lead. The cUnging pressure of
the lead might thus cause a certain frregular subsidence in the
timbers, and this would be greatly assisted by the powerful warp
ing action of the sun beating through the lead on to the green
parts of the woodwork. That the real explanation is to be found
in a combination of these two causes seems the more probable, as
a close examination of the beams proves two faults — firstiy, that
many of them (especiaUy the smaUer ones) are unmistakably
warped; and secondly, that the joints have gaped and given way
in places where there is no appearance of this having been caused
by warping or contraction. That the action of the sun has been
one of the most powerful agencies at work, is further shown from
the fact that the timbers are the most displaced and twisted from
their original position on the south side — the side most exposed
* See an admirable explanatory article on the intentional irregtdarities of various
buildings at Pisa, by W. H. Goodyear, in Scribner's Monthly, August, 1874.
f Rhodes' Peak Scenery, part iv., p. 86.

CHESTERFIELD. 131
to the influence of its rays. There is no necessity to imagine
that this subsidence and distortion took place suddenly, still less,
as some have supposed, that it only came about of late years ;
the most reasonable supposition is that it assumed very nearly, if
not precisely, its present singularity within two or three years of
its erection, but that the displacement went on gradually during
that period.
In the year 1817, it was generaUy supposed that there was con
siderable danger of the spfre faUing, and various reports were
pubUshed, aU of an alarming nature, by different surveyors. Messrs.
Hodkin and TomUnson, of Chesterfield, reported that they examined
the steeple on the 26th of November, 1817, and were of opinion
that " ff it be suffered to remain unsupported a few years, it wUl
certainly become in a dangerous state, and it is very probable that
it wUl faU at or about the middle of the steeple, and fall towards
the south or south-west." Mr. W. WUkinson, of Mansfield, in the
foUowing month reported it to be in a dangerous condition, and
ad^rised that the most "effectual, safe, and economical course would
be to take it do^wn and erect one of stone. In the same' month
the steeple was also inspected by Mr. E. W. Drury, of Sheffield,
and he also recommended that it should be immediately taken
do^wn, maintaining that it was eminently unsafe and dangerous, and
"that it would be impossible to repafr it, even at any expense, so
as to ensure it standing many years." These reports were of so
serious a nature that a vestry meeting was called in January, 1818,
for the purpose of considering the demolition of the spire, but this
proposition was energetically opposed by some of the inhabitants,
and it was decided to take a fmther opinion. Mr. James Ward, of
Sheffield, was accordingly caUed in, and on the 24th of January,
reported that, with slight repafrs, it might stand almost indefinitely
— " the foundation or basis of the carpenters' work was firm and
good, which rendered it morally {sic) impossible that it should ever
fall, uutU the base itseK gave way." This report being confirmed
by three practical carpenters, was ultimately adopted, and the steeple
was suffered to remain. Mr. Ward has, so far, turned out to be a
true prophet, though vrith another portion of his report, in which
he speaks of being " convinced that the steeple had never given way
in the least since the day it was first erected, or it would have
faUen down histantaneously," we totaUy disagree. Ours is only an
unprofessional opinion, but there certainly seems to us no reason
why the spfre should not stand for as many more centuries as it

132 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
has at present existed, provided that the requisite repafrs, both in
lead and timber, are properly carried out as occasion requfres. The
covermg of lead has been from time to time repafred and renewed,
and there may very likely be none of the original coat now left.
Of late years the plumbers have left their names to posterity in the'
material of their work. The earliest instance of this, that we noted,
occurs at the base of the spfre, where may be read " J. Harvey,
T. Sales, C. W. (churchwardens), 1771. J. Shepley, plumber."
And if opinions have varied to so remarkable an extent as to the
cause of the shape of the spire, there has been at least an equal
diversity of opinion as to its comeUness and desfrabUity. There
are some people who, persistently holding to the theory of its in
tentional construction in the present form, are lost in admfration
at the cunning of the artificers, tUl they believe it to be an actual
ornament and in itself beautiful. There are others who see in it
nothing but a hideous deformity, and desire its speedy demohtion.
But there is a thfrd class, and surely to this belong, if not the
majority of Derbyshire men, at aU events the majority of the
residents in the hundred of Scarsdale, who perceive in it a most
singular and unique curiosity, who reverence it for the many cen
turies that it has withstood the blast, who have grown fond of it
from its quaintness and originahty, and who would not on any
account have it displaced, even to make room for the most elegant
and appropriate structure of stone that a Street or a GUbert Scott
could devise. It is, however, but fafr to state that it is seldom if
ever admfred by the stranger or the casual observer, and it requfres
a somewhat intimate acquaintanceship, before any love for its eccen
tricities is developed. Many an unkind speech and rude jest has
been passed upon its deformities, but they only serve to endear it
the more to the bulk of the intelUgent inhabitants of the district.
Perhaps the most brusque description of it that we have seen in
print, was penned, just one hundred years ago, by T  Q  .
who made a tour of the Midland Counties in 1772, and pubUshed
his impressions of Chesterfield tn the Gentleman's Magazine during
the year 1774. He says, " Chesterfield is a large town with
nothing worthy of notice but the church, and this only for its
ugliness ; it is old, and built of bad stone, but rendered most
disgusting by its wooden spfre (covered with lead) being so much
warped that I discerned its crookedness at three mUes distance.
 I am surprised any authors can affirm this appearance
of crookedness to be only a deceptio visus ; its reality is so obvious."

CHESTERFIELD. 133
It has been praised, too, in prose, and praised in poetry, though
poets have found it a difficult subject upon which to invoke the
muse. A local poet fr-om Brimington recently rhymed the praises
" of the church -with the old crooked spfre," * and in a far more
ambitious effort, published in 1822, we read : —
" Its ponderous steeple, pUlared in the sky,
Rises with t-wist in pyramidal form.
And threatens danger to the timid eye
That cUmbs in wonder. ¦When the rolling storm
Scowls dark and dreadfiil o'er its apex high,
And spends its fury in the torrents borne
Do-wn the dark welkin, then she sees it lower.
And stands imshaken by the tempest's power. "f
It is but due to the poet to say that this verse describing the
spire is, as is perhaps appropriate, by far the most wooden of his
many stanzas. But even poetry has not always been kind to the
steeple, and Ford quotes some lines, from the pen of Mr. John
Munnings, which are anything but compUmentary : —
" ¦Whichever way you tum your eye.
It always seem to be a-wry ;
Pray, can you tell the reason why ? —
The ouly reason known of weight
Is that the thing was never straight ;
Nor know the people where to go
To find the man to make it so ;
Since none can furnish such a plan.
Except a perfect upright man; —
So that the spire, 'tis very plain.
For ages crooked must remain ;
And whUe it stands, must ever be
An emblem of deformity."
Our gossip about the spire has extended to a greater length than
we intended, but our excuse must be that it is, whether admired
or not, one of the most singular curiosities of church architecture,
not only tn Derbyshfre, but in the United Kingdom ; and though
we have concluded with Mr. Munnings' satirical lines, we are far
from sharing his opinions. J
After the re-construction of the main portion of the church in
the fourteenth century, it would appear that about another century
elapsed before any further alterations were made. Though the
high pitched roofs of the Decorated period frequently included the
* Derbyshire Times, Febraary 24th, 1866.
f Chesterfield Church; a Poem, by Samuel Bromley. This is a panlphlet of
twenty-five pages.
J The spire, from its exposed situation, has on several occasions suffered from
storms. One of the most serious of these storms occurred on 3rd October, 1701,
when the weather-cock was blo-wn off and considerable damage done to the upper
part of the spire. This was the time when the wind blew so strongly at London
Bridge that the tide was forced back tiU people were able to cross on foot. MS. of
Mr. H. Lowe, of Whittington, quoted by Dr. Pegge.

134 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
body and aisles in a single span, we can decide, from the traces
of the pitch of the old roof on the walls of the tower, that this
was not the case at Chesterfield. Probably, therefore, the origmal
design included clerestory windows above the side aisles, but of
much smaller dimensions than the present ones. These windows,
six on each side, show by their tracery that they are attributable
to the Perpendicular period, and are about one hundred years
later than the body of the church. It may very likely have hap
pened that about the year 1480 it became necessary to repair the
decaying timbers of the roof ; for over and over again it has been
found, from a close inspection of the timbers of old church roofs,
that they have been made to do duty repeatedly in successive
roofs of different constructions. The architect, then, of the four
teenth century, may have very likely used the beams that had
formerly constructed the early English roof; and hence the ne
cessity, a hundred years later, for its re-construction. The architect
of the fifteenth century would naturaUy make use of the style
then in vogue, which possessed also the additional attraction of
giving more light and more scope for the display of colom-ed glass.
At the same time the tracery of the two west windows of the
aisles, and of the large west window of the nave, would be altered.
Then, too, some repafrs were done to the north transept, though
of what extent it is difficult to decide, owing to its transformation
in 1769 ; but there is a window in the west wall, adjoining the
nave, of the same construction as the clerestory windows of the
main building.
The chancel and its side chapals seem to have next requfred
renovation ; and we accordingly find that the east windows of the
chancel, of the Foljambe chapel, and of the corresponding chapel
on the north side were fiUed with Perpendicular tracery, in which
the transom, or horizontal muUion, makes itself very conspicuous,
and points to about the year 1500. The east -window of the
chancel was taken out at the alterations in 1843, and another
large Perpendicular window has recently disappeared from . the
south end of the south transept, thefr places being in each instance
supplied with ti'acery after the Decorated style. There is also a
three-light square-headed Perpendicular ¦window over the doorway
leading into the modern lean-to vestry on the north side ; and
another similar one, but now blocked up, facing the east, which
formerly lighted the smaU chapel opening out of the north transept.
These may be of stUl later date, as well as the three large square-
headed clerestory windows in the west waU of the south transept.

CHESTEEFIELD. 135
The following alterations made in the church during the last
century are for the most part noted in the parish registers. In
1718 the chancel was enlarged and newly seated. In 1738 a
gallery was erected on the north side to correspond ¦with a much
older one in the south. In 1769 the north transept was rebuilt,
after the present hideous fashion, at an expense of £372 5s. 7d.
In 1774 the west part of the roof of the church was taken down,
newly timbered, and fresh leaded. In 1790 the body of the church
and chancel were whitewashed, the piUars in the body of the
church painted " for the first time," by assessment, and the cross
aisle and chancel painted "for the first time," by subscription of
the inhabitants of the. town. A thorough renovation of the inte
rior took place in 1842-3, invoMng the removal of the cumbrous
old gaUeries and pews, and the substitution of an oak roof em
blazoned with heraldry for the flat plaster ceiUng. A good idea of
the interior of the church previous to this restoration may be
gained from the plate in Ford's Histo7-y of Chesterfield. It wUl
there be noted that the nave was lighted by two handsome brass
chandehers of renaissance design, which were the gift of Mr. Godfrey
Heathcote in 1760. These now hang from the roofs of the Foljambe
chapel, and the corresponding chapel or aisle on the north side of
the chancel. A smaU endowment was left by the donor for keeping
these chandehers in order, and they are supphed with candles, and
Uluminated once a year, viz., at the evening service on Christmas
Day. During the repairs several interesting discoveries were
brought to hght. ' ' On the south side of the transept arch was a
painting which had long been covered with whitewash ; it repre
sented a vase containing a plant covered vrith leaves. Near it was
a figure of a person in canonicals ; the whole subject was sur
rounded by a gilt border. On the opposite side of the arch there
had been a painting of the crucifixion; on the right side of the
cross was a female figure, probably intended for the Vfrgin Mary ;
on the left side was an ecclesiastic; below this painting were the
figures of two more ecclesiastics. Over the north-west door was
a text painted in black letter, of no great antiquity, which was found
to cover the remains of a much older painting, of which the zig-zag
border and a wreath of fleur-de-hs were alone to be distinguished."*
* We quote from a scarce pamphlet pubUshed at Chesterfield in May, 1843, imme
diately after the re-opening of the parish church. At page 6 is given a Ust of the
twenty-four escutcheons on the new roof. The first six, commencing from the east,
are those of the six Sovereigns in whose reigns it was supposed that the church was
built, enlarged, or restored, -riz., WiUiam IL, Edward IL, Edward IIL, Henry III.,
Henry "VII and Victoria. The next six are those of prominent contributors to the
restoration, 'the Duke of Devonshire, Sir H. Hunloke, W. Evans, Esq., M.P., and
Hon. G. H. Cavendish, M.P. ; of the donor of the great pipe of the organ, Godfrey

136 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
At the east end of the church two recesses were uncovered, both
of which had served as niches over piscinas. One of these has
pertained to the high altar, and is placed in the projecting piece
of waU on the south side which divides the chancel proper from
the Foljambe chapel; the other is to the south side of the east
window of tbe north chancel-chapel where another altar doubtless
stood. The first of these niches is pierced with open car-ring of a
good design, and the second has a plain trefoil head, but both
appear to belong to the Decorated period. There is yet a third of
these piscina niches in the Calton chapel, below the centre one of
the three windows ; it is of some little width but not otherwise
remarkable, and may be also attributed to the same period. Here
there are several corbel stones, or brackets of varying design, which
have at one time served as supports for images of different saints.
In this chapel, too, is the old parish chest. It is a massive
oblong structure of oak, but so bound round with iron bands and
staples that but little of the original material is displayed, and,
with its six locks, it presents an appearance of absolute impregna
bility. But the parish registers themselves tell a different tale.
Inside the cover of the register book for 1642-1711 is fastened the
following printed handbill : — " Sacrilege.
"Forty Guineas reward.
" Whereas some evil disposed person or persons did last night,
Wednesday 31st August, or during this morning, Thursday Ist
September, feloniously and burglariously break open and enter the
Parish Church and Vestry room at Chesterfield, and steal from
thence amongst other articles the foUowing plate ; two silver cups
with the word ' Chesterfield ' engraved upon them, one silver dish
with following inscription— ' Deo Triuni, dicata, Chesterfield, 1736,'
and one sUver plate inscribed with the words ' Chesterfield Church,
1781 ' — Notice is hereby given that any person or persons giving
information to the churchwardens of Chesterfield as shall lead to
the conviction, &c., &c.
" 1st Sept., 1806. " G. Bossley, vicar.
" R. H. Harwood, ) „, ,
-, , -r, [ Churchwardens.
" Joseph Bee, )
"Bradley — Printer. " Thos. Turner, Parish Clerk."
Heathcote, Esq. ; and of the founder of the lectureship, Godfrey Foljambe, Esq. The
remaining twelve were those of the present and two preceding Archdeacons of Derby
(Butler, Hodgson, and Shirley) ; of the present and two preceding vicars of the parish
(Wood, Bossley, and HiU); of the present and two preceding Archbishops of the
Pro-yince (Moore, Manners-Sutton^ and Howley)j and of the present and two pre
ceding Bishops of the Diocese (Eyder, Butler, and Bowstead).

CHESTERITELD. 1 37
The matter is more fuUy explained by a written insertion in
another of the registers, where it is stated that, "the first race-
day at night (August 31st), some thieves picked the lock of the
door opposite the clerk's house, went down the north aisle, picked
that lock at the bottom, tried the chancel door opposite, which was
bolted inside'; they then picked the other chancel door lock and
the vestry, four double locks on the chest padlocks, wrenched two
clasp locks open (which they could not pick) with the sexton's
pick-axe, drank one bottle of wine, and took four with them ; took
the two sUver cups, the large silver dish, and the smaU plate, and
got off the same way; but left two large flagons in the chest."
These two flagons were presented to the church in 1723, one by
Mr. Thomas Dowker, of Gainsborough, and the other by his sister
Mrs. Margaret WUson, of London, the children of Mr. Thomas
Dowker, Alderman of Chesterfield.
Nor must we omit to mention, though it may scarcely seem to
come vrithin the scope of these notes, another quaint object of
interest, that lies on one of the altar tombs in the Foljambe
chapel. Tradition has it — and the tradition is veritably believed by
many an inhabitant of Chesterfield — that this large bone is a rib
of the celebrated Dun Cow, of Dunmoor Heath, which was killed
by Guy of War^wick. A simUar bone, having a simUar legend, is
preserved at the gatehouse to Warwick Castle. The presence of
one of these ribs at Chesterfield is accounted for by the statement,
that the Dun Cow's bones were dispersed over the country in
memory of Guy's wondrous feat. The bone is seven feet four
inches in length, and its circumference varies from twelve to four
teen inches. Near one end is engraved, in old English characters,
"Thomas Fletcher." The Foljambes sold the manor of Walton to
the Ingrams in 1633, and about three years later it was again sold
to the Fletchers, and hence the appearance of this name in the
church. The bone is, in reality, the jaw bone of a small whale,
but whether this fact was known or not, when deposited here by
Mr. Fletcher, it is impossible now to say.
The church contains much interesting old woodwork. There
are two old screens, in the north and south transepts respec
tively, both of the Perpendicular period, though the former is
more ancient by several years. The screen in the north transept
separates that transept from the chapel opening out of it on the
east side, now occupied by the warming apparatus ; but previous
to the restoration of 1848 it formed the rood screen that divided

138 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
the chancel from the nave and transepts. "^ There is nothing
unusual tn its construction, but the carving below the top cornice
requires some httie explanation. There are eight figures in aU,
six of them representing angels bearing on their breasts the
emblems of , the Passion, viz. : — (1) . The scourge and hammer,
(2) the lance and naUs, (3) a shield of the five wounds, (4) the
vesture, (5) the cross, (6) the crown of thorns. The remafriing
two figures are a hon and an eagle, each bearing a scroU. These
latter are emblematic of two of the evangehsts, and were probably
accompanied by a man and an ox when the screen was complete.
The other screen is in the south transept, and extends the whole
length, cutting off the transept from - the Foljambe and Calton
chapels. It is a good specimen of late Perpendicular ¦work,
the upper portion branching out ^tnto a wide coved cornice, after
the fashion of the elaborate screens of the fifteenth century, often
met with in the west of England. There are two doorways in it,
and over one of them two uncharged escutcheons, but these look
like comparatively modern additions, and the whole of the screen
has been much patched and repafred at different times. In two
places on this screen, on the east side, are the words " Thomas
Fletcher,"t engraved in old Enghsh characters, the same name
that occurs on " the rib of the Dun Cow."
We now come to the description of the fine old woodwork,
forming the reredos at -the back of the altar, from which we shall
naturaUy pass to a consideration of the monuments. A cursory
glance at this woodwork is sufficient to show that it has pre
viously been used as a screen, but we find from the pamphlet,
descriptive of the alteration of the church in 1843, that this
material was formerly used in the construction of the Foljambe
pews, which used to stand at the eastern end of the nave on the
south side. There can, however, be no doubt that this beau
tiful work originaUy formed a screen fencing off "the Foljambe
quire " or chapel, and then it seems likely that it was divided
into portions to form "the Foljambe pews" some time subse
quent to the Reformation, when the nave was being for the first
time fitted up with those famUy accommodations. It is probable
* The looi-lofi of this screen was extant in 1783. — Pegge's Collections, vol. iv.
t There are numerous entries in the early registers of North Winfield parish rela
tive to certain Fletchers. In the year 1653, there is an entry of the death of the wife
of Thomas Fletcher, therein described as of Bgstowe and Tuptou ; and as if to show
some sort of a connection between the Foljambes and the Fletchers, we find that the
former name was borne by the latter as a Christiau name, for in June, 1574, the
baptism of " Anna, fiUa Foljambe Fletcher," is recorded.

CHESTERFIELD, DETAILS OP THE REREDGS.

CHESTERFIELD. 139
that the whole of this most interesting woodwork was not pre
served, as it is very unlikely that it would exactly suffice to fill
up the space below the east window of the chancel. The cornice
is formed of a running pattern of vine leaves and tendrUs, and at
frequent intervals appear small shields, about two inches square,
growing on the stem hi the place of the legitimate foliage. These
shields are twenty-seven in number, twenty of them bear the
Foljambe arms — a bend between six escallops — and the remainder
have a badge or device, which is difficult to describe without a
sketch, but which may be roughly rendered as, a Latin cross with
a trefoil termination to the lower limb. We cannot speak with
confidence as to the device, but it has been suggested to us that
it may have belonged to the Bretons or Loudhams. Below this
cornice the reredos is di^rided into eighteen panels, and in the
upper portion of each appears an escutcheon fianked for the most
part by the same' device just described, alternating with the
whUom Foljambe crest — a man's leg couped at the thigh, spurred.
The eighteen escutcheons, bearing now no trace of blazonry,
are carved as foUows : —
1. Barry of sis (Bussey), impaling Foljambe.
IL Foljambe.
III. Foljambe, impaling a muUet (Ashton).
rv. Foljambe, impaling on a saltfre engraUed, nine annulets
(Leeke) .
V. A che-vron between three escaUops (Breton), impaling on a
bend five cross-crosslets (Loudham).
VI. A saltire ermine (NevUe), impaling Foljambe.
VII. Foljambe impaUng Leeke. [Flanked by Foljambe crest,
and Loudham on smaUer shields].
VIII. Foljambe impaling Ashton. [Flanked by Breton, and a
chief indented].
IX. Foljambe impaUng Loudliam.
X. Loudham.
XI. Foljambe.
XII. Breton.
XIII. Loudham.
XIV. Foljambe.
XV. Breton.
XVI. Foljambe.
XVII. Foljambe.
XVIII. Breton.

140 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
The Barry of six on the first shield is for Sir Miles Bussey,
Knt. (Barry of six, arg. and az.), who married Mary, eldest daugh
ter of Henry Foljambe and Benedicta Vernon. The muUet in
the third shield is for Thomas Foljambe, who married Jane,
daughter and hefress of Sfr Thomas Ashton, Ejit., the parents of
Henry Foljambe above mentioned. The fourth shield is for the
marriage of Sir Godfrey Foljambe with Katherine, daughter of
Sir John Leeke ; this Sir Godfrey was eldest son of Henry and
Benedict Foljambe. The fifth shield, Breton impaling Loudham,
is for the ancient famUy of Bretons, who held the manor of Walton
from a very eaxly period down to the reign of Edward IIL, when
Isabella, sole daughter and heiress of Sir Robert le Breton brought
Walton by marriage to Sir John Loudham ; their only son dying
without offspring, Margaret, eldest daughter and co-heiress, brought
Walton, about 1388-9, to Thomas Foljambe, son of Sir Godfrey
Foljambe, of Darley, (fee. The sixth shield, perhaps, represents
the marriage of Thomas Nevile, of RoUeston Holt, Notts., ¦with
Katherine, second daughter of Sir Godfrey Foljambe of the fourth
shield. The remainder of the shields merely bear repetitions of
these arms with the exception of the eight, where the bearing — a
chief indented — appears. This coat might belong, according to its
tinctures, to a large number of famUies. Benedict, the eldest
daughter of the above Sir Godfrey, was married to Sir John
Dunham, whose arms were, az., a .chief indented, or, but it is
scarcely likely that his coat would be represented by the side of
Foljambe impaUng Ashton. From these armorial bearings we can
ascertain, with tolerable precision, the date of the erection of the
screen. We have here the arms of Godfrey, Mary, and Benedicta,
three of the chUdren of Hem-y Foljambe ; but those of the two
younger daughters who married Towneley and ColviUe do not
appear, and they were therefore probably not married at this time.
This supposition would make the date of the screen about coeval
with the death of Henry Foljambe, 1503-4, to whose memory
it may have been erected. It may, however, be somewhat later
than this, as we have no proof that some of the arms are not
missing, which might have included those of Towneley and Col
ville. If we are right in our supposition with regard to the sixth
shield representing the marriage of Godfrey's second daughter,
who was not born tUl 1509, there is no occasion to defer the date
of the whole or main part of this woodwork, as a close inspection
satisfies us that it is not all of one date, but that several frag-

CHESTERFIELD. 141
ments have been ingeniously fitted in of a later style of work
manship. Amongst the MSS. we have consulted with respect to Chester
field church, the most interesting are those of Bassano, the
heraldic painter, whose church notes were taken about the year
1710. This is the right place to introduce what he says respect
ing the Foljambe quire, and though it is rather puzzling to under
stand the position it "then held, and whether it was then divided
up into pews or not, there can be no doubt that he refers to the
same carving which now constitutes the reredos. " Near by (to
the Mayor's pew) iu ye body of ye church eastward is a fafre
qufre belonging to Walton HaU, called Foljambe's qufre, for ye
famUy to have service. On a border between ye supporters on 2
sides and west end are Foljambe arms often, viz., a bend between
six escaUops, also a chevron between three escallops, which is first
placed, both which in some places seem to have a chief indented ;
and upon a bend 5 crosslets a label of six points, which coat is
also often a saltire ermine." Further on in his account, Bassano
speaks of "a very large qufre of the Foljambes of Walton, in
south of chanceL In Reynolds' church notes,^* taken about 1770-80,
mention is made of "a fafr quire caUed Foljambe's quire nearly
to the Aldermen's seats," and Reynolds subsequently prefaces
his description of the Foljambe monuments by speaking of the
raised tomb with the brasses torn off as being " at the entrance
to the Foljambe qufre." It seems as if both these gentlemen must
speak of two Foljambe qufres — one in the body, and the other in
the chancel of the church.
Lysons, who ¦risited the church about 1814, notes in the " south
aisle of nave Foljambe pews, richly ornamented with vine foliage,
over which has been a gaUery, apparently the rood-loft, "f
Of the other old woodwork tn the chm-ch a word must' be said
about the roof of the Foljambe ehapel, the only part where any
interesting portions of the old roof remain. This roof is now
nearly flat, and cuts off the top of the east window. It has been
much knocked about, and patched up from time to time. Angels
¦with extended wings mark the ends of some of the ribs, and it is
possible that we have in these figures a portion of what the roof
was in the time of Decorated design. Some of the bosses also, at
the intersection of the beams, are carved, and a curious double
* Add. MSS., 6701.
t Lysons' Collections, Add. MSS., 9463, and 9448.

142 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
knot, the badge of the Wake family, may be here noticed. The
manor of Chesterfield, at the death of WiUiam Bi-iwere in 1233,
went by marriage to Baldwin de Wake ; and Margaret Wake, the
last heiress of this ancient famUy, conveyed it by marriage to
Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of Kent, the younger brother of
Edward IL
The old pulpit -of black oak is handsomely carved, though not of
gothic design. An entry tn the registers for the year 1788 says :
" the pulpit and desk was decorated anew, the old ornaments ha^ring
been up 37 years." It appears to be of the date of James I., and
to much the same period may be attributed the"~old communion
table, which now stands in the north part of the chancel.
The pre-Reformation monuments are of considerable interest, but
are not so numerous as might have been expected from the size
and importance of the church. A large number have disappeared
from time to time as various alterations have been made tn the
buUdtng ; and though the pubhc generaUy attribute the demo
lition and disfigurement of monuments to the times of war and
tumult, especially to the civil war of the seventeenth century, those
who have made a study of matters ecclesiological are weU aware
that the work of destruction went on at an astonishing rate during
times of somnolence and peace. There can be no doubt that, even
¦within the last fifty years, a far greater destruction of monuments
has taken place than occurred during the struggle at the commence
ment of the Commonwealth. Chesterfield church was restored with
much eare and at a great outlay tn 1843 ; but during the process
of that restoration several old memorials were lost or mutilated.
Amongst these was an incised slab, of which we can now learn
nothing, though we have carefuUy searched every part of the pave
ment of the church. This slab bore an incised triple cross springing
from a calvary of three steps ; on the dexter side of the cross-stem
was a pafr of pincers, and on the sinister a hammer. These
emblems indicate that the stone was a memorial to an armourer —
a man of some importance in the olden times. It is very unfortu
nate that this stone is missing, as, judging from the sketch and
two or three descriptions, it was probably of the twelfth century,
and thus formed a link connecting the present buUding with the
original Norman structure, of which no trace is now left. This
stone, when last described (1839), was at the west end of the south
aisle.* • There is a small outUne engra'ring of this slab in Ford's History of Chesterfield,

CHESTERFIELD. 143
Another monument of great interest that we cannot now trace,
was the memorial to John Pypys, chaplain to the GuUd of the
Holy Cross. It consisted of an alabaster stone, on which was
engraven the effigy of a priest habited in a cope, with a chalice on
his right hand and a book on his left. An inscription ran round
the margin, which Ford, writing three or four years before the
restoration of the church, describes as almost entirely obliterated.
Bassano gives the inscription in his time as follows : — " Hic jacet
Domtnus Johes Pupus capeUan GUde See Crusic, qui obut ¦riii die
mensis JuU, anno Dni Millo ... xi, cujus anime onmipotens
Deus propitietur Deus. Amen." The full date is said, from another
source, to have been 1411.* This stone was in the chancel near to
the communion rails. Alabaster gravestones frequently disappear
during alterations, under the hands of acquisitive masons, as they
are valuable when ground up for cement or other purposes.
Against the south waU of the south transept is a smaU brass
plate, about twelve inches by eight, recording the death of another
chaplain, about a century later than the preceding one. The
foUowing is the inscription : — " Hic subtus humantur ossa Domini
Johannis Verdon, quondam Rectoris de Lyndeby in Comitatu Not-
tinghamiae Ebor Dioc. et CapeUani Cantarise Sancti Michaelis
Archangeli, in Ecclesia par och. Omnium Sanctorum de Chesterfield,
qui obUt secundo die mensis Mali, Anno Domini M.D., pro cujus
anima, sic quseso, orate, et ut pro vestris animabus orare volueritis."
We now turn to the consideration of a monument tn the body
of the church, to which it is impossible to assign an owner with
any certainty. In the south aisle of the nave, between the first
and second ¦windows from the east, is a handsome canopied recess,
beneath which lies the effigy of a priest. UntU 1843 this monu
ment was so much concealed by the high pews, that it escaped the
notice of several who described the church ; but, in the Gentleman's
Magazine for 1789, R. G. describes it as being the effigy of a priest,
opposite the Foljambe's seat, with arms and crest in the south waU,
and bearing this inscription :— " No boUbrdys (or Rowbrdys) Godfray
ffols B." Mr. Malcolm, ¦writing in the Gentleman's Magazine, a few
years later, gives an engraving of this recess and effigy, but describes
-it as "an arch containing a female figme, with angels supportmg
the head ; the hands and other parts are effaced." He adds, " 1
was not successful tn any enquiry who it was that is interred
there." Now when Glover compUed his History of Derbyshire, in
* Cough's Sepulchral Monuments, vol. ii., pt. 2, p. 39.

144 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
1833, he appears to have been anxious to put in as much as
possible about Chesterfield church, and he therefore transcribed
almost entirely the contents of these two articles from the Gentle
man's Magazine, but without any acknowledgment of the source
from which he obtained the information. Hence he commits the
ludicrous mistake of describing two tombs under an arch in the
south waU — one of an ecclesiastic, one of a lady — whereas they
both refer to the same memorial ; Mr. Malcolm mistaking the
priestly robes for those of a female. And further than this, Mr.
Bateman, ¦writing in 1848,'* repeats the blunder, putting it in words
of his own, and thus confirms the idea of two memorials in this
south wall instead of one. Though we cannot tell with any pre
cision who is buried here, there can be no doubt that this recess
was constructed for the re-founder of the church, at the time when
the present body of the buUding and the tower, &c., were erected
in the fourteenth century. Mr. Samuel Bromley, in his poem on
Chesterfield church, from which we- have already quoted, says of
this tomb : — " Under the south waU, in the deep foundation.
In immobility among the stones.
The Founder lies, in constant preservation
From the foul tool encroaching on the tombs ;
He might, Uke Shakspear, curse the generation
That should -with -wicked hands ' disturb 'his bones.'
Por many a century he's lain inclosed
In aweful darkness where he is reposed."
And though this conjecture is probably right, the founder's or
re-founder's identity has been stUl further mystified by having an
effigy placed beneath the recess, which is not his own, and which
was never intended for that position. A close inspection of this
effigy of the priest, and the slab on which it rests, con-rinces us
that it has been fitted in here at some subsequent period, for the
figure is too long for the position, and the sides of the recess have
been cut away to make room for it. Either the effigy of the
founder had been destroyed before the present figure was placed
there, or else the memorial to the founder was simply a slab,
inscribed or otherwise, which may still exist beneath it. There are
other reasons, irrespective of the size of the figure, why we may
fairly conclude that this effigy is not in its proper position. Priests,
as a rule, were buried facing the west, and their memorials are
similarly disposed ; and it is also very exceptional to find an eccle
siastic buried elsewhere than in the chancel. Moreover, if any
ecclesiastic of the middle ages had been a man of good famUy and
* Bateman's Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire, pp. 197-200.

CHESTERFIELD, 145
sufficient -wealth to enable him to take the principal part — such as
would entitle him to a founder's tomb — in a work of such magni
tude and importance as the re-building of three-fourths of this large
pUe, there can be no doubt that he would have been an office-bearer
of more or less magnitude in the ecclesiastical hierarchy, and his
memory would not have been perpetuated in the eucharistic vest
ments of a simple priest. History, too, would not, in all probabUity,
have been sUent if the re-founder of this church had been an
ecclesiastic ; the history of those days was chronicled by the pens
of ecclesiastics, and the munificence of their own class seldom
lacked chroniclers, especially in cases like Chesterfield, where the
church was tn the hands of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln.
This priest is clad in an alb and ample chasuble ; his feet rest
upon a Uon, and his head, the hafr of which is sUghtly wavy, has
been supported by two smaU angels, only one of which remains.*
We are inclined to place the date of this effigy in the earlier half
of the fourteenth century, which would thus make it of older con
struction than the arch where it now lies. It is not unhkely that
the effigy was placed here to keep it out of harm's way when the
time arrived for the first " pe-wing " of the church.
But though we have succeeded, at aU events to our o-wn satisfac
tion, in deposing this priest from any claim to be considered the
founder, we are as yet no nearer to a knowledge of who the founder
may be. The description in the Gentleman! s Magazine of this
memorial is somewhat ambiguous in expression, and, untU we had
referred to the Lysons' CoUections, we conceived that the fragmen
tary inscription, quoted above, was either on this tomb or on the
wall -within or near the recess, and that it would therefore help to
determine the name of the founder. But on looking at Lysons'
account of the Foljambe pews, it becomes evident that this inscrip
tion, in " text hand," was on a portion of the pews or thefr
cornice. The inscription is there given as : "no bolbrdys. Godfrey
ffol'. B." Nothing, therefore, can be deduced from this inscription,
but the proximity of the Foljambe pews to the founder'^s tomb at
this end of the south aisle ; though this may very fairly be regarded
as pointing tO some connection between them.
After carefuUy considering the varions families of note who were
at this time connected with the manor of Chesterfield and the
* There is an engra-ring of this efiigy in the 7th vol. of the Journal of the Archceo-
'logical Association, p. 315. It is here also remarked that the effigy is not iu its
original resting-place.

146 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
adjacent manors, and ascertaining by an exhaustive process whose
tomb it could not have been, we are led to the conclusion, as the
most Ukely conjecture, that this is the burial place of Sfr John
Loudham, of Walton,'*' who obtained that manor and other lands
near Chesterfield by marrying Isabel, the sole heiress of Sfr Robert
Breton. This Sfr John Loudham was born at the commencement
of the reign of Edward II. , and died at the beginning of the reign
of Edward III. {circa 1377), so that the time when he flourished
would correspond ¦with the period when the church was re-built.
Thomas Foljambe, the second son of Sir Godfrey Foljambe, married
the eldest daughter and co-hefress of Sir John Loudham, and thus
first became connected -with Chesterfield about the year 1388.
The Foljambe monuments, that now remain in the church,
are coUected together in the chapel to the south of the chancel,
and are inclosed within fron rails.f Three memorials have long
ago disappeared, ¦riz. : one to Thomas Foljambe, who married the
hefress of Loudham, of whom we have just been speaking ; another
to his son Thomas, who married the hefresB of Sfr Thomas
Ashton, and died 1451 ; and a third to his eldest son Thomas,
who married a Longford, but died vrithout issue, 1469.
On the north side of the chapel is a fine altar tomb, surmounted
by a slab of dark-coloured marble, which bears the matrices of
two figures, four shields, and a marginal inscription in brass. The
-brass figures (or at all events that of the lady) have been long
missing, but the inscription read as follows in 1611:^" Hic jacet
Henricus Folejambe Armiger .... Dominus .... Decimo nono
cujus anime propitietur Deus. Amen." With the omission of one
word this inscription was stUl here in 1710 when Bassano visited
the church, and he also gives the reading of the shields, but -with
some obvious errors. The shields were — Foljambe, Vernon, Loud
ham, Breton. Reynolds (cfrca 1770) speaks of the brass inscrip
tion round the margin being missing except at the ends, and also
of " a brass portraiture of a man, the brass of the woman torn
off" implying that the brass of Henry Foljambe then existed. If
this was the case it must have been replaced, for previous visitors
* Our conjecture is confirmed by Dr. Pegge's opinion that the founder's tomb was
to the memory of one of the lords of Walton, and not of Chesterfield proper. We
had not noted this opinion of that most careful antiquary amongst his own papers,
but it is quoted by the Eev. Joseph Hunter, Add. MSS. 24, 447, f. 56.
f In our description of these memiorials, we are indebted not only to the various
authorities already quoted, but to the interesting series of papers entitled, Monu
menta Foljambeana, which have recently appeared in the Reliquary from the pen of
Mr. Cecil G. Sa-vile Foljambe, and to further communications kindly made to us by
the same gentleman.

CHESTERFIELD. 147
speak of both figures as missing. Bassano, on the contrary, seems
to imply that it was the knight and not the lady which was torn
off in his time. On the sides of this tomb are many smaU sculp
tured figures of knights and ladies under rich canopies, represent
ing the seven sons and seven daughters of Henry Foljambe and
his wife Benedicta (Vernon), whose effigies were formerly on the
upper slab. The names of these chUdren were Godfrey, Thomas,
Henry, Richard, John, Gilbert, Roger, Helen, Margaret, Joan, Mary,
Benedicta, Elizabeth, and Anne. An agreement was entered into
between the sons and -wife, - and " Henry Moorecock, of Burton,
in Staffordshfre, to make a tomb for Henry Foljambe, husband
of Bennett, in St. Mary's Quire, in the Church of All Hallows in
Chesterfield, and to make it good as is the tomb of Sir Nicholas
Montgomery at CoUey, ¦with 18 images under the table, and the
arms upon them ; and the said Henry in copper and gilt upon
the table of marble, with two arms at the head and two at the
feet of the same, and the table of marble to be of a whole stone,
and aU fafr marble. They paid in hand £5, and the other £5
when aU is performed ; the 26th of October, the 2nd Henry VIII."*
It is probable that this contract refers only to the stone work of
the tomb.
Next to this altar tomb, on the right hand side on the floor,
is a slab on which are brasses of a knight and his lady.f This
is the tomb of Sir Godfrey Foljambe, eldest son of the last men
tioned Henry, and his wife Katherine, daughter of Sir John
Leeke. The knight is in mail armour, his head resting on his
helmet, and his feet on a stag.- His surcoat bears the quartered
arms of Foljambe, Loudham, and Breton. The lady wears the low
pointed head-dress, with falling lappets, of the sixteenth century,
and is clad in a long mantle which bears the arms of Leeke.
The gown is confined at the waist by a girdle fastened with a
clasp of three roses. Round the neck is a chain supporting a
cross. These figures were on the floor of the chancel, within the
communion raUs, untU the restoration of 1843. The Topographer X
falsely ascribes to Dr. Pegge a statement that these are the effigies
of Sfr Godfrey Foljambe, who died in 1389, and his vrife Isabel,
daughter of Sir Simon Leeke (Leche), 1308. The custodian of
the chm-ch dfrects the attention of the -risitor to an old entry at
* NichoU's Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, vol. i., p. 354.
t There is an engraving of this brass in the Gentleman's Magaxime, April, 1797.
I Topographer, vol. 3, p. 335.

148 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
the end of one of the registers gi^ring this version of thes^ brasses,
but it is not in the hand^writing of Dr. Pegge, who on the con
trary attributes them to the right persons in his MS. collections
and states that they formerly stood on an altar tomb in the
chancel. The famUy MSS. at Osberton confirm this, and give
the foUo^wing inscription that was round the edge of the tomb : —
" Off your charity pray for the soul of Sir Godfrey Foljambe,
Knight, sometime one of the Honorable CouncU for the most vic
torious Prince King Henry the VIIL, and for ye soul of Dame
Kathrine his wife, daughter of ... . Leek .... which Dame
Kathrine deceased the xxitU. day of May in the year of our Lord
MCCCCCXXIX. and the said Sir Godfrey deceased year XX day
of December 1541." At the head of the tomb were figures of St.
John and St. Michael : at the foot St. James and St. John :
on one side figures of his three sons and their wives thus sub
scribed — "Jacobus prim: fil :=Ahcia FitzwUlm — Godefrid 2 fil :=
Marg : FitzwiUim — Georgius 3 fil : =  " : on the other side
his three daughters and their husbands — " . . . .=Anne Foljamb —
Thomas Nevill=Katherine Foljamb — Johannes Dunham^Benediota
Foljamb.* Against the east waU is a mural monument to Sir James Fol
jambe, who died 1558, eldest son of Sir Godfrey, whose brass we
have just described. This monument was erected by his grandson,
and, together with the other mural monuments to the Foljambes, was
designed at a time when artistic taste, especiaUy as to what was
fitting tn a Gothic church, was rapidly decUning, and though doubt
less costly and elaborate at the time of their erection, are a dis
tinct blemish to the general beauty of the chancel. Bateman
truly speaks of them as " specimens of cumbrous style and horri
ble taste." The kneeling figures of Sir James, his two wives, and
thirteen chUdren are aU represented. It bears the following in
scription : — Deo Opt : Max : et Posteritati
Sacrum.
Jacobo Foljambe equiti aurato, FiUo natu maximo, et haeredi Godefridi Foljambe
equitis, pietate, morum, integritate, majorum stemmatibus, propriisque suis virtu-
tibus, omatissimo viro, suaviter et sancte in terris mortuo, quinto Calend : Octobris
Anno Verbi Incarnati MDLVni. Godefridus nepos hoo ei monumentum amoris
causa, quem memoria coUt, ut debet, sempitema devotissime consecra'vit. Bino
Jacobus conjugio feUx, Alicise, scUicet, nepotis et cohaaredis Southamptonise
Comitis GuUelmi FitzwiUiam, herois inolyti, unius flUarum Thomae FitzwUUam de
Aldwarke et Constantiae filise Edwardi Littletoni de Staffordiensi Comitatu, Eques-
tris Dignitatis Viri. Pulohra, numerosaque prole auctus fuit. Sois ferme.
* The two omissions in this inscription may be thus supplied : — George, the third
son. married Dorothy, daughter of Arthur Barlow ; and Francis Lowes was the hus
band of Anne, the third daughter. Nichol's Collectanea, vol. 1, pp. 360, 361.

CHESTERFIELD. 149
The arms on this tomb are incorrectly blazoned, having been care
lessly repainted by some one ignorant of heraldry.
Another mural monument against the east wall, ornamented with
strange emblems of death, does not appear to have had an inscrip
tion, but is supposed to be to Godfrey Foljambe, next brother to
Sir James, who died tn 1559. He married Margaret FitzwiUiam,
the other daughter and co-heiress of Sir Thomas FitzwUUam, of
Aldwark, but died chUdless.
The central mural monument against the east waU, together
with the altar tomb below it, are to Sir Godfrey, eldest son of Sfr
James Foljambe, who died 1585. He is represented in effigy on
the altar tomb, together -with the effigy of his ¦wife, Trothea
Terwhit. The mural monument is inscribed as follows : —
Deo Opt : Max : et Posteritati
Sacrum.
Godefridus Foljambe de Walton, Bquestris ordinis, atque dignitatis -vir, Jacobi fiUus
ex priore ejus conjuge, AUcia FitzwiUielmorum hasrede, genitus; qui innocentia,
integritate, fide, reUgione, hospitalitatisque laude, omatissimus fuit. "Vitte hones-
tissime laudatissimseque actse diem supremum clausit in manerio suo de Walton,
decimo Calend : Januarii, et Christi Redemptoris Nostri Anno MDLXXX^y. Super-
stite tum ac sublati conjugis mortem deflente, uxore amantissima Trothea, Gulielmi
Terwhitti Bquitis fiUa; cujus anima ex corporis vinculis, tanquam ex carcere, felix,
ut in coelum fulgeat, evolavit. Reliquiis, vero, hoc loco sitis; Godefridus, fiUus
unicus, idemque obsequentissimus, officU et pietatis in parentem tam amantissimum
non immemor, post funebria justa, mtestissimis uberibusque cum lachrimis persoluta,
hoc oonditorium pro munere extreme posuit. Sois ferme.
The altar tomb and mural monument against the south wall are
to Godfrey Foljambe, who died in 1594, the only son of Sfr God
frey Foljambe, of the last described monument. This tomb was
erected in his lifetime, about two years before his death. The
inscription has been missing for many years, but is here supplied
from the MSS. at Osberton : —
Gens oUm dictus fatisque reoentibus ingens,
Fama abut laudati jacens et morte beata,
Luna -vices varias orbem sol semper eundem
Obtinet hic firmum denotat Uie levem,
Ut sol fulgebant justi : Tu, fulgide FuUamb,
¦Virtute atque fide flrmus ut hssc tua sors
Sois ferme.
En a-vus atque pater jacet hic et fiUus una
Clara conspiouus conjuge quisque sua,
FiU grate Deo, patriae atque parentibus ergo,
Tu ooelo Mges : Hoo tibi fulget onus
Fulgens jam vere tam vere dicere FuUam,
Jam bene conveniens nomen et homen habet.
On the floor there is also a large alabaster slab, on which is
engraved a man in armour, with a marginal inscription. Hardly
a word of the inscription can now be deciphered, but fragments of

150 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
it are given by different hands during the last century, and the
whole verse ran as follows : —
"PatruuB vel hic patrem natum.que interjaoet,
Georgi qui Foljambe nomine notus erat,
Vixerat innocuus .... probitatis cultor est
Occubuit plaoide oommiserante Deo."
It is to George Foljambe, of Brimington, who died in 1588. He
was the second son of Sfr James Foljambe, who died in 1558.
Finally we must notice in this chapel the unique knee'hng figure
of a knight in armour, at present pla'ced on the altar tomb to
Henry Foljambe, but vrith which it has no connection. This figure
originaUy knelt on a square pedestal about four feet high, at the
foot of the Henry Foljambe tomb. It has been sadly mutUated,
and now lacks the hands. Bassano (1710) says, " At foot of this
tombe upon a pUlar of equal height has stood ye image of a
kneeUng man in armour ¦with double ehaine, but it has broke
down and lyes by ye pUlar in pieces, only ye legs and knees
remain in proper places." Reynolds {circa 1770) describes it as
being tn the same condition, but between that period and 1794 it
must have been pieced together, for it is described and engraved
in the Gentleman's Magazine for that year as perfect on its pedestal,
with the exception of the hands. The way in which the helmet
vrith closed vizor is put on gives the figure a strange appearance,
as if it had a double neck or chin; and it has been conjectured
that the helmet was the work of some restorer, who thus replaced
the lost head, neglecting to chisel away the old chin. The head
does not, however, appear to be of more modern work than the
figure itself, and a more probable supposition is that the head has
been supplied from some other mutUated effigy. At a later date
the figure must have been again removed from the pedestal (which
has quite disappeared), and placed on the end of tbe tomb where
it now stands. There is some httle difficulty in deciding to what
scion of the house of Foljambe this monument belongs, but the
most probable suggestion is that the figure represents Sfr Thomas
Foljambe (son of Francis Foljambe, the eldest son of Sfr James
Foljambe by his second wife Constantia Littleton), which Sfr
Thomas married Anne, daughter of Sir James Harrington,, and
was buried at Chesterfield, the 15th of January, 1604. The style
of armour corresponds with this date. These five Latin stanzas
were formerly inscribed on the pedestal on which the figure
knelt : —

CHESTERFIELD. 151
Patris Ulustris, generisque clari,
Unicus oharus pius et modestus,
IndoUs purse tenneris ab aunis
FiUus hic est.
¦pixit et vivo valuit parente,
Ter novem donee viguisset aunos,
Orbus huio segri superest parenti
Anxius hseres.
Hseret ac moeret gemebundus alte
Luget et languet simul atque vellet
Commori si fas, genitoris implet
Funera pletu.
Tum vides terrse via qute sit omnes.
Quod sibi impendet properare fattan,
Spojite sacratum tumulum para-vit
Ipse pa;ratuB.
Lector hinc discas juvenis seuexque.
Vivas et cures vaUdus mortis,
QusB venit gressu taoito Bed-Te-ri
Pro-viduB horam.
Of monuments that have now disappeared, mention may be made
of one in the south transept, described by Reynolds as "a raised
tomb near 3 feet high to John Woodward;"* and as the " Free stone
altar tomb for ' . . . Burgensis de Chesterfleld 1599'" by R. G.,
in church notes taken tn 1789, when the brasses of the bur
gess and his wife were perfect. We believe that these brasses
remained tiU the work of the restoration of 1842-3 began, when
they were lost. This tomb stood in the north transept, where
there is now a large slate slab in the floor, having the matrices of
two figures — a man and woman tn civilian dress, and an inscrip
tion below them, from which probably the brasses in question were
torn. If this, however, is the slab, it must have been further
utiUzed very shortly after the visit of R. G., for it now also bears
the foUowing friitials and dates, deeply incised — "A. A., E. A.,
1790— T. A., 1805— T. A., 1817."
At the entrance to the Calton chapel is the matrix of what must
once have been a fine brass, in fact by far the most handsome in
the church. On a large slab of Purbeck marble are the traces of
a fuU-length effigy of an ecclesiastic in a cope, with a legend on a
scroU round his head, the whole enclosed tn a crocketed canopy
and again by a marginal inscription. MetaUic remains stUl cling
to the stone in different parts, but they are only fragmentary.
We can offer no suggestion as to whom this monument has been
intended to commemorate.
* The inscription that was on this tomb is supplied in Dr. Pegge's notes. "Hic
jacet Johannes ¦Woodward unus Aldermanorum Burgi de Chesterfleld, qui obht xxvi
die mensis JunU, Anno Dni. 1599. Bt Margareta uxor ejus." At their feet were
seventeen chUdren, five boys and twelve girls. Pegge's CoUections, vol. 5. p. 157.

152 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Bassano also teUs us of a brass plate which was in the house
of Mr. Richard Calton, of Chesterfield, hi the year 1706, but which
must have originaUy been tn this chapel. This Richard Calton
was only nephew to the Richard Calton mentioned on the brass.
The inscription was as foUows :— " Hic jacet corpus Georgu Calton
de Stanton fil. Eic. Radulphi Calton de Stanton predicta. Quiqui-
dem Radulphus frater erat mma natu Roberti Calton de Calton
(Saxonica Caltdutn) Generosi, et idem Georgius obut 8 Sept. A.
Christi Salvatoris unici mundi 1667. Ric Calton fil. ejusdem
Georgu obiit 7 Nov. 1673." Above the inscription was an impaled
coat thus described: — "Barry of six pieces, in chief 8 plates, or,"~
and " A saltire engraUed between four crosslets." He goes on to
explain, that, on a level piece of ground oaUed Calton pasture,
before Chatsworth on the west side, formerly stood the mansion
caUed Calton.
Next in importance to the actual monuments themselves, rank
the heraldic displays in the old painted -windows of the churches,
for throwing light on the connections between the ancient families
and the benefactors to the particular chm-ch or parish. In Wyr
ley's* copy of Flower's Derbyshire Visitation of 1569, ¦with addi
tions taken by himself in 1592, we find not only an elaborate
account of the heraldic glories of the vrindows of Chesterfield
Church, but also interesting notices of. the various old monuments
that have long ago completely disappeared, as well as a quaint
introductory paragraph, aU of which appear to us worthy of repro
duction, more especiaUy as they have never before been published.-f
" Chesterfield, the fayrest town in all the peake countrie in
Darbishier, sayd to be placed in Scarsdale, famous for fefrce
incounteres made in the verie towne in the tyme of the civUe
wares of Henry the thfrd, wear was taken Robert earle ferreres,
Baldwyne Wake, and John de layley, 1265. But John DaynUe,
comended for a wyse man and a valyent, stryking downe Gilbert
Hansard with his launce, delyvered him selff. Chesterfield did
annciently beloung to the earles of ferreres, of whos warlyke
* 'WilUam Wyrley was a native of Staffordshire, descended from an ancient family
seated in that county as early as the reign of Edward II. He published in 1592 a
treatise on The True Use of Armorie, which is one of the very scarcest books of the
16th century. Wyrley was appointed Eouge Croix in 1604, and died in 1617.
t Harl. MSS. 659?, f. 108. The arms in the Visitation Book are simply tricked,
i.e., etched in outline with the initial letters of the tinctures, many of them so
hastily dra'wn that there is difficulty in reading them with precision, but in this task
we have had the valued assistance of Mr. W. de G. Birch, of the MS. department of
the British Museum, and Palaeographer of the British Archaeological Association.

CHESTERFIELD. 153
prowes our cronicles often make mention. It is placed near to a
ryver which I take it the caU Doley or Iber.
In the Church thes Armes foUo^wing — •
1. Az., a hon rampant guardant between eight fleur-de-lis, arg.
(Holland, Earl of Kent).
2. Barry of six, or and gu., in chief three torteaux (Wake).
3. England, within a bordure, arg. (Edmund Plantagenet, of
Woodstock). 4. England and France impaled.
5. England, within a bordure, arg., impaling Wake.
6. Barry of six, arg. and az. (Grey).
7. Paly of six, or and gu., a bend arg. (Longford).
8. Loudham.
9. Az., a fess dancette, between ten billets, arg. (Deincourt).*
10. France and England, quartering, a label of three points,
arg. (Edward Plantaganet, 1339-1341).
11. England and France, quartering.
12. England and France, quartering, a label of three points,
erm. (John of Gaunt).
13. Gu., a cross moUne, arg. (Beck).
14. Arg., a cross moline, gu. (Colvile).
15. Erm., a fess between six oak (?) leaves, gu. (Pitz-langley ?).
16. Az., a cross maschy (?) voided, arg.
17. Az., three mitres, or (Bishopric of Norvrich).
18. England, a label of three points, each charged with as many
fleurs-de-lis (Lancaster).
19. Az., a saltire, arg., a torteau for difference (York).
20. Az, a cross moline, quarterly-pierced, arg. (MoUynes).
21. Foljambe impaling Loudham.
22. Arg., a griffin segreant, sa. (Meverell), impaling erm., a chevron
and canton, gu. (Touchet ?).
23. Az., a fess dancettee between ten billets, or (Deincourt).
24. Gu., a saltfre, arg. (Ne^rile).
25. France and England, quarterly, within a bordure, arg. (Plan
tagenet). 26. Az., a cross fleury between four martlets, arg. (Edward the
Confessor. 27. Gu., on a saltire, arg., a crescent for difference, sa. (NevUe).
* This coat is in all probabiUty intended for Deincourt, as weU as number 23, and,
if the tinctures are rightly given, affords yet another variation in the arms of this
family, who were singularly capricious in their heraldrio bearings. Papworth's
British Armorials, pp. 27, 28.

154 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
28. Gu., a cross botonne, or (Bockingham).
29. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, on a chevron three quatrefoUs ; 2nd
and 3rd, a cross engrailed between four pomegranates (no tinc
tures, but intended for Eyre and Whittington).
30. Gu., three lozenges in bend, between two double cotises, arg.,
each lozenge charged vrith a fess dancettee between three bUlets, sa.
31. Gu., a fess between six cross-crosslets, or (Beauchamp).
32. Or, a chevron, gu. (Stafford).
33. Az., three crowns in pale, or (Leigh).
34. Foljambe.
35. Reresby.
36. Fitzherbert.
37. Arg., on a fess, az., three crosses moUne, or (Mortymer).*
38. Or, on a fess, gu., three water-bougets, gu. (Bingham).
39. Arg., on a pUe, gu., a crescent for difference (Chandos).
40. Chaworth, impahng, three roundles, a label of as many
points." (No tinctures. Courtney, ?).
The long hst of arms given above are unidentified in the Visita
tion Book, but we have supphed the names of the families to which
they belonged, in brackets, so far as we are able ; nor is it specified
in which of the numerous windows any of these coats appeared.
A few words as to the history of the manor of Chesterfield wUl
account for the presence of the majority of these shields in the
¦windows of the parish chm-ch. The manor was originaUy held by
the Peverels ; but, after the murder of the Earl of Chester, posses
sion was resumed by Henry II. In 1204 John granted the manor
of Chesterfield and the whole wapentake of Scarsdale to WiUiam
Briwere. Briwere's only son died childless, and his large estates
were di^rided amongst his five daughters ; the manors of Chester
field, Brimington, and Whittington, faUing to the lot of Isabel, who -
was married to Baldwin Wake. Baldwin Wake was possessed of.
very large landed estates — no less than one hundred and forty-
eight manors, inclusive of those of Chesterfield and Boythorp,
being ascribed to him at his decease, f
From the Wakes these manors passed to Edmund Plantagenet,
Earl of Kent, by his marriage ¦with the hefress, Margaret Wake.
Thence Chesterfield passed, as we learn by inquisitions of the
different reigns, through the HoUands, Earls of Kent, up to the
* Above this shield are the words "Dns Jo: Herstock," implying, we suppose,
that they appeared in this position on the window ; but we have not been able to
find any connection between the words and the coat.
t Inq. post Mort., 10 Edw. I., No. 6.

CHESTERFIELD. 155
year 1442, when the descent of the manor became much involved
by a multiplicity of hefrs, ovring to the death of Thomas and
Joanna HoUand without issue. The foUowing elaborate decision
vrith respect to the manor was arrived at by an inquisition, held
at Derby, on the 26th of November, in the 21st year of Henry VI. ,
which is worth quoting in an abbre-riated form, not only as illus
trating the heraldry just quoted, but as a proof of the intricate
relationship existing between the principal noble famUies tn the
fifteenth century. Tho jurors decided— That Joanna, late Countess
of Kent, was seized of the manor of Chesterfield, etc., which Thomas
de Holland, Earl, and AUce, his wife, gave to thefr son Thomas
and Joanna and thefr hefrs; that Thomas and Alice died, and
Thomas the son died s.p., and the said Joanna surviving was then
solely seized ; that the reversion descended to Edmund, Earl of
Kent, son and hefr of Thomas, the late Earl, who also died s.p. ;
whereupon it descendeth to (1) Richard, Duke of York, son and
hefr of Anne, a daughter of Eleanor (Countess of March), eldest
sister and co-hefr of said Edmund, late Earl of Kent ; (2) to Jocosa,
¦wife of John Lord de Tiptoft, another daughter and hefr of said
Eleanor; (3) to Henry Grey, Knight, son and heir of Joanna, thfrd
daughter and hefr of said Eleanor; (4) to John, Earl of Somerset,
son and hefr of Mary, late Duchess of Clarence, another sister and
co-hefr of said Edmund, late Earl; (5) to Alice, vrife of Richard
NevUe, Earl of SaUsbury, daughter and hefr of Eleanor, thfrd sister
and hefr of said Edmund, late Earl; and (6) to Ralph NevUe, Earl
of Westmoreland, son and heir of EUzabeth, fourth sister and hefr
of said Edmund, late Earl of Kent.* It wiU thus be seen that
the rightful hefrs to Joanna, Countess of Kent, were declared to be
her two neices, and four great nephews. EventuaUy, Chesterfield
came to Richard Ne^rile, Earl of Sahsbury, through his wife AUce;
but thefr line also faUed, and we find in the fourteenth year of
Edward IV., that Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and Ann his wife
(cousin and hefr of Alice), gave the manor and wapentake of
Chesterfield and Scarsdale to the King, tn exchange for certain
properties in Yorkshfre, including the town and castle of Scar
borough. f There were numerous and close aUiances between the
Neriles, and other holders of the manor, and the families of
Stafford, Beauchamp, and Mortimer, sufficient to account for the
presence of their arms; but it would be foreign to om- object to
* Exch. 21 Hen. 6, No. 36.
t Cotton's Abbreviation of Records, p. 697.

156 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
pursue the history of this manor any further, but content ourselves
with that which throws a hght on the history of the church and
its embeUishment at different periods of its existence.
The coats of Loudham, Foljambe, and ColvUe (through inter
marriage with Foljainbe), are readily accounted for in connection
with the manor of Walton.
Longford held the manor of Boythorpe in the fifteenth century;
and about the middle of the same century, one of the younger sons
of Eyre, of Padley, married the hefress of Whittington, and settled
at Holme HaU, on the manor of Dunston and Holme. The Dein-
courts, besides thefr great possessions tn the neighbourhood, held
for a long period a subsidiary manor at Brampton ; and, though
we cannot now trace the landed connection of Bingham, Chandos,
MevereU, and Chaworth, with Chesterfield, we know they had
property closely adjacent, and were probably, at one time or another,
benefactors to the church.
The close identity of ecclesiastical interests between Lincoln and
Chesterfield, owing to the Dean of Lincoln being the rector, may
probably account for the arms of Bockingham, as John Bockingham
was Bishop of Lincoln fr-om 1362 to 1398. The same reason would
also apply to the coats numbered 13 and 17, being the arms of
Beck, of Pleasley, and of the Bishopric of Norwich. The celebrated
Anthony Beck, Bishop of Durham, to whom reference is made on
several occasions in these pages, was first promoted to the Deanery
of Lincoln, and from thence to the Bishopric of Norwich in 1336.'*
Benefactions would probably be made by him on his different pro
motions, and hence the appearance of these arms. The coat
numbered 33, which we believe we have rightly appropriated to Leigh,
(not the Derbyshfre Lea or Lee,) was probably to the memory of a
former chaplain of the church. Roger de Leghe, chaplain of the
church of All Saints, at Chesterfield, held one toft and five acres
of land hi the parish during the reign of Richard II. t
With only four exceptions we have now accounted for the whole
list of forty coats, and pass on to the remainder of the Visitation.
The long list of single shields is foUowed by two escutcheons bear
ing Longford, and harry of six, arg. and sa. (Bussey). Above these
coats is written, respectively, " Radulfe Langford militis," and
?¦When Anthony Beck was promoted from the Deanery of Lincoln to the Bishopric
of Norwich, the Pope took the profits of the Deanery, including the churches of
Chesterfleld, Ashbourne, and Wirksworth, into his own hands, and they thus re
mained tiU October, 1338. Pegge's CoUections, vol. 5, p. 77.
t Inq. post Mort. 4 Eic. II., No. 109.

CHESTERFIELD . 157
"John Bushie militis;" whilst below them is, "Radulphus Lang
ford et Johanes Bushie, patroni conjuncti istius ecclesise." This is
not a Uttle surprising, as it is generaUy supposed that the patronage
of the church of Chesterfield and the greater tithes always remained
in the hands of the Dean of Lincoln, and we have not been able
to ascertain that even a single presentation to the vicarage was
sold, so as to entitle any layman to describe himself as patron.
It wUl be noticed, however, that the word " istius" and not " hujus"
{that and not this) is used in this inscription on the old window,
and probably the former part of the inscription, when it was
perfect, specified some particular church or place otherwise than
Chesterfield. Entries at the Ffrst Fruits Office prove that the
famiUes of Longford and Bussey held the alternate patronage of
the adjacent church of North Winfield in the fifteenth century,*
and the foundation charter of the chantry of North Winfield
(4 Henry) speaks of "the worshipful and noble men, Nichol Long
ford, Knt., and John Bushy, Knt., Lords of ye Manner of North-
wynfield and Patrons of ye parish church, "t Besides being part
owner of the manor of North Winfield, Sir Nicholas Longford,
the father of Ralph, possessed extensive landed property in the
county, including much within the rectorial manor of Chesterfield,
so that it is only natural that his arms should appear in the
¦windows. J The Busseys, also, held large estates in this neigh
bourhood subsequent to their aUiance with the Foljambes. In the
14th of Henry VIH., Sfr Godfrey Foljambe (tbe fourth) gives to
MUes Bussey and others the manors of Brimington and Whit
tington as well as lands in Chesterfield proper.§
To this foUows, on the next page of the Visitation Book, four
teen impaled coats, aU relating with but two exceptions to alliances
of the family of Fitzherbert of Norbury. Apparently, these arms
were all in one window, which was probably placed here by Sir
Ralph Longford, on the marriage of his daughter Dorothy with
Nicholas Fitzherbert, who was then the heir to this wealthy and
very ancient family. The names are inscribed by the side of the
* Pegge's CoUections, vol. 5, p. 211.
t Add. MSS. 5152. This is the original charter. See the account of the church of
North Winfleld.
J Sir Nicholas Longford, besides his estates in Staffordshire and Nottinghamshire,
died seized of the following property in this county :— the manors of Longford, New
ton Solney, Parkhall, and Alfreton, and part of the manors or messuages at Pinxton,
Normanton, BakeweU, Barlborough, KiUamarsh, WhitweU, Hathersage, Bubton,
HoUiagton, Eowsley, Morton, PUsley, North Winfield, Hasland, Duckmanton,
Ashover, Brampton, and Boythorp. Inq. post Mort. 21 Bdw. 4, No. 52.
§ Nichol's Collectanea, vol. 1, p. 355.

158 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
shields, and are as follows :— Savage and Fitzherbert, Marshall and
Fitzherbert, Babington and Fitzherbert, Fitzherbert and Brad-
borne, Cotton and Fitzherbert, Cokayne and Fitzherbert, Pole and
Fitzherbert, Lister and Fitzherbert, Fitzherbert and Longford,
Fitzherbert and Babington, Fitzherbert and Bothe, Comberford and
Fitzherbert, Longford and Trafford, and Longford and Ferrers.*
We are able to give the marriages represented by each of these
coats, with the exception of the first, as we have faded to trace
any aUiance between Savage (or Daniel) and Fitzherbert,t though
doubtless one not mentioned in the pedigrees took place.
Nicholas Fitzherbert of Norbury, who died in the reign of
Edward IV., married for his first wife AUce, daughter of Henry
Bothe of Derby, by whom he had issue —
I. Ralph Fitzherbert of Norbury, who married Ehzabeth, daugh
ter and heiress of John MarshaU of Upton.
II. John Fitzherbert of Etwall, who married Margaret, daughter
of Robert Babington.
III. Joan, who became the wife of John Cotton, of HampstaU.
Ralph, the eldest son of Nicholas, had issue —
I. John Fitzherbert of Norbury, who married Bennett, daughter
of John Bradborne of Hough.J
II. Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, the celebrated judge.
III. Dorothy, the wife of Thomas Comberford, of Comberford,
Warwick. IV. Editha, the wife of Thomas Babington, of Dethick.
V. Agnes, the wife of Richard Lister, of Rowton, Salop.
John, the second son of Nicholas, had, vrith other issue, two
daughters — Jane and Barbara, who were married respectively to
John Pole of Radborne, and to Thomas Cokayne of Ashborne.
John Fitzherbert of Norbury, the eldest son of Ralph, had issue,
by his wife Bennett, Nicholas who married Dorothy, daughter of
Sfr Ralph Longford. But there were no chUdren to this marriage,
* We have not encumbered the page -with the description of these arms, as so
many of them have already been given. Those that have not previously appeared
are: — arg., a pale lozengy, sa. (Savage); arg., on a bend, gu., three muUets, or
(Bradborne); az., an eagle displayed, arg. (Cotton); erm., on a fess, sa., three
miUlets, arg. (Lister) ; arg., three boars' heads erect, sa. (Bothe) ; and arg., a griffin
segreant, gu. (Trafford).
t There is some doubt about the marriage of Henry Fitzherbert (father of Nicholas
mentioned in the text), who flourished in the reigns of Henry I^V. and Henry Y., and
possibly he married one of the Cheshu-e Daniels, from whom the Savages took their
later arms.
I Not " Bradbury of Hoo in the Peake," as given iu the Topographer, vol. 2, p. 226.

CHESTERFIELD. 159
and Norbury vrith the famUy honours reverted to his uncle Sir
Anthony.* The impaled coat of Longford and Ferrers represents the mar
riage of Sfr Ralph Longford with Isabel, daughter of Sir Thomas
Ferrers; and that of Longford and Trafford represents the mar
riage of their son Nicholas with Margery, daughter of Sfr Edward
Trafford.f To these arms succeed single ones of Deincourt, Lister, and
Montfort (Bendy of eight, or and az.). The powerful family of
Montfort had considerable influence in Derbyshfre ; in the reign
of Henry III., Simon de Montfort was governor of Peak Castle,
and Peter de Montfort of the Castle at Horsley. Then foUow the
words — "An old moniment of Ayncourt tn mayle -with a side vest
ment of whyte, a danc and bUletes sables thereon, offering up
his shield. A cross-legged moniment of the same armes, ¦riz. A.
a daunce and bUletes sable." There is now no remnant or tradi
tion of these two ancient effigies, or of the third one mentioned
below. Another shield of Longford is then tricked, with the com
ment that it is " verie old," and it is foUowed by a quartered
coat, 1st and 4th gu., a chevron vaire, arg. and sa. (Kniveton) ;
2nd and 3rd, arg., a chevron, gu., between three martlets, sa. (Bagott).
Henry Kniveton of Bradley, in the reign of Henry VI. , married
Ehzabeth, daughter and hefress of John Bagott of Blythefield. To
this succeeds a shield of six quarterings, and above it is vpritten
"Raff Resbie." These quarterings are Reresby, Deincourt with a
label of three points, NormanvUe, a second coat borne by NormanvUe
(described in a Reresby quartering at Ashover), Gotham, and the
coat borne by the wife of Sfr Adam Reresby. J The connection of
* There are sUght discrepancies between different pedigrees of this family, but
.. we beUeve the above to be accurate. There was further issue to the marriages
quoted, but those aUiances only are given which serve to explain the heraldry of the
Visitation. There was also an early aUiance between the Longfords and Fitzher
berts in the reign of Edward IH., when WiUiam Fitzherbert (grandfather of Nicholas
temp. Edward I'V.) married AUce, only daugh'ter of Nicholas Longford; and a later
one, when Dorothy, the youngest daughter of Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, was married
to Ralph Longford. Dorothy took for her second husband Sir John Porte, of EtwaU.
See HarL'MSS. 5809 ; also 6592, fi. i, 20, and 2218, f. 53.
t Harl. MSS. 1093, f. 30.
t Sir Adam EcTesby, Lord of Thribergh and Ashover, 9 Edward II. , was the son
of Ralph Reresby by Mary, heiress of NormanvUe. His -wife must also have been
an heiress according to the pedigrees, and bore arg., three bendlets, gu., but her name
does not appear in fuU in any one of them. Harl. MSS. 1420, f. 53, gives her name
as Thegne, do. 1394, f. 42, Thegwe, and do. 6070, f. 178, Therhegton. From Harl.
MS. 1394, where there are numerous early deeds of the Normanvile family, it seems
that the second coat {arg., three pair of gemeUes, on a canton, gu., three fusUs con
joined in fess) introduced into the Reresby quarterings from the NormanvUe family,
was that bome by the mother of Margaret who married Ealph Eeresby. See also
CoUins' Baronetage, vol. ii., p. 290.

160 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
the two famous families of Kniveton and Reresby with Chester
field may only have been that of benefactors to the church, though
both can be proved to have at one time held portions of land
vrithin the rectorial manor, and both were connected with the
Deincourts. The alliance of Foljambe and Vernon was also noted
by their two escutcheons, and over them "Henricus Foljambe
Dns de Walton." Wyrley's minute account of the memorials of
this church concludes with the mention of another effigy: — "Thear
is hear another cross-legged moniment which they say to be
Braylsford, but ther is noe note thereof remaining."
There appears to have been much destruction of this heraldic
glass shortly after Wyrley's visit, for at the Visitation taken August
20th, 1611, there were only twenty-four escutcheons remaining.*
Bassano ihakes no mention of the -windows, and Reynolds notes
only a few, but specifies gu., a saltire, arg., in both the west
vrindows of the aisles to the nave. These were the arms of
Nevile. In the year 1442 Richard Nevile, Earl of Salisbury, be
came possessed, as has been already mentioned, of the manor of
Chesterfield in the right of his wife Alice, one of the co-heiresses
of Earl Edmund. Ihe existence of these arms in that particular
part of the church is interesting, a^ it gives rise to a reasonable
presumption that the alterations of the Perpendicular period in
the nave were made by the Neviles. It will be remembered that
it was pointed out that the tracery in the two west windows of
the aisles was altered at the time that the present clerestory was
erected. R. G., who visited the church in 1789, notes, in the
Gentleman's Magazine, a satirical representation in glass of a mitred
fox preaching to geese, and a cock, which we believe to have
been in the East window of the Foljambe chapel.
There were, however, stUl fewer remnants of the ancient heraldic
glory of these windows left when the time came for the restora
tion that was completed in 1843.t But tbe east window of the
chancel then contained the two most interesting of aU the histori
cal coats described by Wyrley, viz., the arms of Plantagenet and
Wake. These were removed to make way for the new vrindow to
Archdeacon HiU, and in the pamphlet describing the restored
* Harl. MS. 5809. Topographer, vol. 3, p. 344.
f Glover's account of the church (1833) mentions also " a bear collared, quartering
three peons " (sic), which he describes as being the arms of the first Vicar of Ches
terfield. This is a most singular mistake, for the first Vicar of Chesterfield was
appointed early in the twelfth century, and the coat in question was doubtless
intended for the quartered arms of Thomas Beresford, of Fenny Bentley, and Agnes
(daughter and heiress of Eobert HassaU) his wife; and they were married in the
fifteenth century. See the account of Sutton Scarsdale Church.

CHESTERFIELD. 161
church, from which we have already quoted, it is lamented that
they had not been replaced. Fortunately, however, they were not
destroyed, and may now be seen in the upper tracery of the south
window of the Foljambe chapel. They have been there inserted
by an ignorant hand, for the arms of Wake are inverted and
resting on the top of Plantagenet. In the same place may also
be seen two more of the old shields, gu., a cross moline, arg., and
arg., a cross moline, gu., and this is aU that now remains of the
ancient heraldic glazing of All Saints', Chesterfield, whose windows
once shone with the many coloured record of generation after
generation of its time-honoured families.
Although there are only two chantries mentioned under Ches
terfield, in addition to the Guild, tn the Chantry RoU, we find
accounts of the foundation of three ; but this omission probably
arose from the endowments of the oldest chantry having been
already appropriated or lost at the time of the compilation of
chantry property tn the reign of Edward VI.
The one not mentioned in the Roll is the chantry at the altar
of St. Mary Magdalen. It is mentioned in the Patent 'RoUs, under
the date of the 1st of May, 1381,* but, according to the registers
at Lichfield, it must have been founded before 1364. It was situ
ated vrithin the chapel of St. Michael, and Dr. Pegge supposes it
to have been founded by Roger de Chesterfield. In 1384, WUliam
Langstaff de Lincoln, priest, was admitted " ad perpetuum cantari-
um ad altare Ste Marie Magdalene," in the church of All Saints,
Chesterfield, by Richard de Chesterfield, clerk and patron, being
vacant by the death of " Roger de Lyeghes." Possibly, however,
as Pegge suggests, there may have then been only one altar
common to the two saints, though separate endowments. Ralph
Durant is mentioned as patron in 1431, and in 1450 Nicholas
Durant is registered as presenting to the chantry of St. Mary
Magdalen. With respect to the chantry of St. Michael, the foUovring is the
entry in the Chantry RoU : —
" The Chauntrye of St. Miclmell founded by Roger Chesterfield for
ij prests to synge att the alter of St. Mychaell to maytayne Godds
service and to praye, etc., by foundacon xxuij Nov. A.D. M' inj" uij °
xl^ 'rijc^ clere xlUjZi v« 'K.d with xiuj^i receyvyd of the revenneux of
the late monastrye of Thurgarton by vertue of a decre owte of the
-¦* Pat. Rot. 4 Eichard II., pars*g, m. 1.

162 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Courte of Augmentacyons dyrynge the Incumbents lyffes, and vuj«
imployed uppon obytts. PhU Durante and Rycb Hyle (who is
absente) Chauntrye prist. It bath a mancyon howse prised at vs
by yere. Stock xvis iijd a chalys the Vycar there had in custodye
and roune awaye vrith it ij yeres paste."
Lysons says that this chantry was founded in 1357, and is not
in error, as stated by Mr. Walcott, for the Chantry RoU - is un
doubtedly itself in fault.* The Royal License was granted to Roger
de Chesterfield, to ahenate messuages and lands for the foundation
of this chantry in the 31 Edward IIL, and a fm-ther hcense to
alienate lands in Chesterfield and Newbold, for the same chantry,
was granted in 4 Richard II. to Richard de Chesterfield and Robert
de Derby. -t An inquisition of the same year in which the hcense
was granted, shows that Eoger de Chesterfield left twelve acres of
land in Chesterfield, and tenements and land to the value of ^10
in Eckington, to a certain chaplain ; another inquisition, a few
years later, ascribes to the said Roger and others large endowments,
including a mUl and a hundred acres of land in the parishes of
Crich, Ashover, and Matlock, for the same purpose ; whUst a third
attributes to Richard de Chesterfield and Thomas Durant the gift
of a messuage tn Chesterfield to certain chaplains, for the ahenation
of which, according to another roll, they had to pay a fine of ten
shillings.:}: According to the registers at Lichfield, the chantry of
St. Michael was new-founded and re-ordained in 1370 by Richard
de Chesterfield, the then patron, who presented Henry de Foston
to the charge. In 1421 Ralph Durant presented WUliam Worsley ;
and in 1450 Nicholas Durant presented John Balme. We have
already seen from his brass that John Verdon, who died in 1500,
was priest of this chantry. It may here be remarked that Roger
and Richard de Chesterfield were brothers, and both of them eccle
siastics ; the former holding a rectory in the diocese of Lincoln.
Thomas Durant married thefr sister, and hence the patronage of
the two chantries of St. Mary Magdalen and St. Michael passed to
that famUy.§
The Chantry RoU also contains the foUovring entry with respect
to the united GuUd of the Blessed Lady and the Holy Cross : —
• Reliquary, vol. xi., p. 86.
f Copies of these Charters, and of others relative to the GuUds, -weie made from
the documents in the Chesterfield Corporation Chest by Mr. "WoUev in 1790.
Add. MSS. 6667, fi. 697 to 713. ^'
JIuq. post Mort. 31 Edw. IIL, No. 2, 30; 35 Bdw. Ul., No. 2, 46; 46 Bdw III No
2, 33 ; Eot. Orig., 46 Bdw. III., No. 36.
§ Pegge's CoUections, vol. 5, pp. 98, 99.

CHESTERFIELD. 1 63
" The Gylde or Blessyd Ladye and the Holy G rosse, founded by
Jo. Maunsffelde and other to fynde prests to say and celebrate
masse and other Divine service, and to praye for the soule
of K. Rycharde, who graunted his lycence for the corporaoon
thereof; also for help and mynystracoyn of aU maner of sacra
ments and sacramentales within the parishe and other charytable
dedes for the paryshe is verye large beynge therein a greate
cure to the nombre of MM. people, and is de^vyded into manye
hamletts and ¦vUlages dystannte some iij. myles or more, so that the
Vycar and his parishe priste in the tyme of Lente and Easter and
some other tyemes cannot suffice to the mynsystracon of behoffe-
fuU matters. The deane of Lyncolne being persone and hathe the
most parte of the proffitts of the Parishe. xvZ*. x«. clere xxxiii^*.
vUs. -sid. besyds iUjZi. xviij*. xi. in rents resolute, xxvi*. vuj«. for
the baylyffes fee xUm. fyndynge of yerlye obyts, and moneye for
reparacons of the tenements and cotages and fyndynge of bread
wyne and waxe for the mynystracyon of Sfr Rich. Newbolde, Sir
WiU. Bagge, Sir Rich. BonsaU, and Sfr WUl. Hethecote, and Sir
Rich. Whiteworth, Stypendarie prists. Everye of them hathe a
mancyon prised att uis. iijd a pece. Stock ixli. x]s. xjc?."
The GuUd of St. Mary was comrnenced on the 1st of January,
1218, for the object of holding certain services, and the better to
assure the Uberties of the town. The statutes and regulations of
this guUd are of much interest.* The members had in the first
instance to swear to uphold the rights of the church, and of the
lord of the place, and to guard all their liberties, within town and
vrithout, and to give trusty help thereto whenever it may be needed.
" A chaplain shaU celebrate services on days named, and shall be
paid what the Alderman, Steward, and Dean, think right.
" Each brother shaU bequeath in his wiU, towards masses for the
souls of his brethren, twelve pence out of every pound of his chattels ;
but he need not bequeath more than forty shiUings in all. If he
have less than twenty shillings let him do what he likes ¦with it.
"On the death of any brother, xin. wax lights shaU be found by
the guild, to set round his body, and shaU be kept burning untU he
is buried ; and each brother shaU pay a penny at the time of burial,
or else make offering afterwards for the soul,, as the Alderman thinks
best. "If, m the haps of life, heavy losses befaU any brother, whether
* We take the account of these statutes from English Guilds, one of the pubUca
tions of the Early English Text Society -for 1870.

164 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
by fire, by murrain, by robbery, or by any other mishap — so that
such loss come not through his own lust or gluttony, or dice-play,
or other folly — each brother shall give him, in relief of his loss, at
the first, twopence ; and agahi, if he needs it, twopence more ; and
yet a third time, if necessary.
" If any brother, through age, or loss of hmb, or leprosy, comes to"
so great want that he cannot support himself, the brethren, who
are able, shall, in turn, supply him with needful food, or shall
find for him a house of reUgion where he may stay during Ufe.
" The deaths of past Aldermen, and of Hugh of the Peek (either
founder or benefactor), shall be yearly kept by the brethren, even
to the end of time.
" If any brother shaU have -wronged another in any way, by
violence, either with maUce aforethought, or through ignorance, or
by backbiting, or by foul words ; or shaU have sworn at his brother,
or e^ril-spoken of him, or in any other manner wronged him ; and
if this shall be proved by two of the brethren, and he is un wUling
to make fitting amends for the wrong, on the friendly suggestion
of his brethren ; then he who has been wronged may seek redress
howsoever he likes ; and the other, for his rash presumption, shaU
be put out of the guild, or punished in such a manner as the
Alderman and his brethren, shall think well.
" Every brother shaU, in every strait and trouble, have the help of
his brethren towards defending himself, in due course of law, against
any adversary whomsoever.
"If any brother has undergone damage, or loss, or cost, for the
common welfare of the guild, or the hberties of the town, the
brethren are bound to make good to him such damages, and shaU,
with others of the town, give him counsel and help.
" The Alderman, with the counsel aud help of the brethren, shall
uphold and defend all the liberties belonging to the town against
aU disturbers and hinderers of those liberties ; and xu. men, or as-
many as are wanted, must be chosen by him, or by the steward of
the guild when he himself has not leisure, and be sent before the
Justices, or elsewhere, upon the business of tbe town, wherever
need shaU be.
" The Alderman shall look after the house as well as he is able ;
and the Dean shaU take care that summonses are duly sent to the
brethren. The Dean shall also receive the fines, and hand them
over to four scribes (? stewards), who are bound to keep the goods
of the guUd, and to improve them as much as they can ¦ and the^y

CHESTERFIELD. 165
may keep them for a whole year, if they well use them. After
wards, the goods shaU be entrusted to others, as the guUd thinks
fit. AU who hold the goods shall swear that they ¦will duly restore
them on a day named, and that they will use them for the profit
of the guUd.
"Whoever makes known the affafrs of the guild, and it is proved
by two brethren, shall be put out as perjured, and his example
shall be held up to everlasting scorn.
" All the brethren shall meet twice a year, to look into and order
the affafrs of the guUd, and to take any account of those who have
in hand the goods of the guild.
" The Dean and the Steward shall find wax lights when necessary,
taking four or three brethren to advise with them ; and shall, once
or tvrice a year, give an account of thefr expenses over the lights.
" Two brethren shall be chosen to receive all rents ahd payments
due to the guUd, and to pay what is due from the guild. And
the Alderman, and the Dean, and the Steward, shaU have a roU,
containing the names of those who pay yearly rents, and what and
when each pays, and what has to be paid thereout to others.
"Charters, muniments, etc., shall be kept under the seal of the
Alderman and the Dean, and under' the common seal of the guild.
"The chaplain shaU keep vestments and books, giving an inventory
of them.
" Each brother shaU on Friday, tn Pentecost week, give Id. to
wards alms, and another for wax.
"Every incoming brother shaU, on his entry, pay to the clerk Id.
and to the doorkeeper Id.
" When any brother is summoned to come to any meeting touch
ing the affairs of the guUd, and he does not come, being in town
and not sick, he shall pay Id. to the light."
This guild was possessed of extensive landed property, and the
infiuential famUies of the neighbourhood vied with each other in
obtaining admission to its ranks. Thus in the third year of
Henry V. Thomas Foljambe was Alderman of the Guild, and in
the reign of Henry VII. the roll of the fraternity contained,
amongst others, the names of Robert Barley (Alderman), Henry
Foljambe and Benedicta his wffe, Godfrey Foljambe, John Fol
jambe, Peter Frechevile and Matilda his wife, Roger Eyre and EUen
his wife, WUliam Barley and Christian his wife, and John Lynacre
and Katherine his wife.* The GuUd was endowed in the time
* Nichol's Collectanea, vol. i., pp. 345, 352.

166 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
of Richard II. by Thomas Durant and others with fifteen-and-a-
half messuages of land and twenty-two acres of pasture in the
immediate vicinity of Chesterfield, in addition to the returns from
four markets. In the reign also of Henry IV. lands were left, hy
John Curson and others, in Chesterfield, Dronfield, and Boythorp,
to the Alderman, brothers, and sisters of the GuUd, towards the
support of two chaplains.'*
On the 25th September, 1393, the Royal license was granted to
WiUiam de Horbury (clerk), Richard Porter (-ricar of Chesterfield),
Robert Cause, Henry de Maunsfeld, Hugo Draper, WiUiam de Lowe,
John de Assh, and others, to found the Guild of the Holy Cross
in the church of All Saints at Chesterfleld. It seems that the
original endowment consisted of seven messuages, five shops, six
acres of land, and three of pasture, all in the parish of Chester-
field.-t There was also an ancient Guild of the Smiths at Chesterfield,
and Mr. Toulmain Smith, the author of the work on EngUsh
Guilds from which we have afready quoted, says that it existed
separately up to 1887, and was then amalgamated with 'the guild of
the Holy Cross. But there is either a mistake in this date, or else
the royal license of the 16th of Richard II. is only a refounding or
confirming of an older license. Mr. Smith remarks, as a striking
peculiarity of this guild, previous to its union with that of the
Holy Cross, that it had no patron saint, and he conjectures
that some local circumstances may have made the priests unpopular
in Chesterfield. Even the GuUd of St. Mary treated the priestly
services with a slightness and coldness that were very unusual in
these institutions, but this one does not so much as invoke the
patronage of any saint, and is simply the GuUd of the Smiths
(fabrorum). In many of its rules it closely resembles a modem
Trades Union, of which these GuUds were in truth the prototype.
The allowance to a sick brother was a halfpenny a day ; brothers
faUen into poverty to go singly to houses of wealthy brothers, and
be entertained there and given a halfpenny ; brethren were to
defend an imprisoned brother ; and rebellious members were to be
fined and excommunicated without appeal.
The Church, also, possessed a chantry specially attached to the
Guild of the Holy Cross, as appears from the Chantry Boll : 
-* Inq. post Mort. 16 Eic. II, No. 146. Pat. Rot. 16 Eic. II, nars 2 M 2H Ttin ad
quod damnum 5 Hen. IV, No. 34 ; and 7 Hen. IV, No. 4. ' ^'
t Add. MSS. 6667, f.'711. Inq. post Mort. 16 Eic. II, No. 2, 89.

CHESTERFIELD. 167
" The Chauntrye att the alter of the Holye Crosse founded by Hugh
Draper to synge morowe masse and other divyne service cvj«. viijc?.
owte of the revennux of the late monasterye of Beachylff.''= WUl.
Kynge Chauntrye Prist, paid by the Receyver of the Corte of Aug
mentacyons. Chalys etc. founde by the towne att ther costs."
This Church probably possessed several side altars in addition
to those specified in the Chantry Roll. WUls pertaining to the
Foljambe family make mention of the Lady chapel, and the chapel
or altar of St. George. It appears that the Lady chapel is the
prhicipal burial place of this famUy. Henry Foljambe, of Walton,
by his wUl, dated 15th August, 1485, appoints his body to be
buried in the church of Chesterfield "before our Lady; " he fur
ther leaves to the GuUd 6s. 8d., and to the Vicar his best horse.
One of the executors was Sir John Puppys, the chaplain to the
GuUd of the Holy Cross, whose tomb we have discussed. Roger
Foljambe, of Linacre HaU, by his will, dated 19th January, 1526,
dfrects "my body to be buried near my brother Gilbert in our
Lady qufre, in the church of All Saints, in Chesterfield," and
seven marks were left by the same document to priests, to pray
for his soul " at our Lady's altar " for four years. Sir Godfrey
Foljambe of Walton, by will of the 23rd Henry VIIL, dfrects,
''' my carcase to be buried in the chappell of St. George besides
my lady my wife, tn Chesterfield  My funeral mass and
dfrge, with all other suffrages and obsequies to be done and minis
tered for my soul according as worship requfres after my degree ;
my sword, helmet, with the crest upon the head, and my coat of
arms to be hanged over my tomb, and there to remain for ever, "t
The Taxation RoU of Pope Nicholas IV. (1291) is content to
mention merely the total value of the different rectories and vicar
ages there enumerated ; the church of Chesterfield, with its chapels,
being valued at £73 6s. 8d., and the ¦ricarage at £6 13s. 4d. ; but
the Valor Eccle.siasticusX of Henry VIII. gives fuU details of the
vicarage, charities, and guUds, which we here reproduce, as they
contain many interesting particulars.
* The "Valor Ecclesiasticus (27 Hen. VIII.) mentions an appropriation of eight
marks a year, out of certain lands in Chesterfield, Brampton, WadsheU, Wigley,
Heath, and Newbold, " Aldermanno de Chestrefeld et confratribus ejus pro sustenta-
cione oujusdem capellani matutinalem missam quotidie celebrantes."
t Nichol's Collectanea, vol. 1, pp. 351, 368; vol. 2, p. 83.
JPor fuU particulars as to the date, names of the commissioners, etc., of the "Valor
Ecclesiasticus for the Deanery of Chesterfield, see the preface.

168 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
CHESTREFELD VICAE.'
Dominus Decanus Lincoln' Patronus ibidem.
Dominus OUverus Flynt vicarius ibidem habet communibus annis ut sequitur.
In primis mansionem cum duobus parvis croftis oontinentibus tres &'
rodas terre per annum
Item in decimis agnellorum
Item in decimis lane -
Item in paschali rotulo '^j
Item in oblationibus
Item in decimis minutis -videlicet in porceUis ancis o-vis canabo et
Uno - -
Item in mortuariis communibus annis -

a.

d.

ivij Iv

xviij X

1]
xUj

iiij

XV

iiij ob'
viij

Summa xv x viij ob'
Unde resoluta Archidiacono Derbie proscenagio et procuragio x -yij
De claro xv j ob'
Decima pars xxx q'

CHESTREFELD CANTAEIA.
Jacobus Durant Patronus ibidem.
Dominus PhiUppus Durant dominus Eobertus Byre cantariste ibidem habent ut
sequitur.
In primis mansionem xiiij. cum cotagia in Chestrefeld predicta £, s. d.
duodecimi acras terre ibidem in redditu per annum iUj
Item de priore et conventu de Thurgreton in perpetua pensione vuj

Summa xij
Unde resoluta annuatim decano Lincolnensi pro capitaU redditu v iij
Item resoluta Glide Sancte Crucis ibidem pro capitaU redditu vj
Item resoluta annuatim in obitu domini Eichardi Chestrefeld et
domini Eogeri Chestrefeld capellanorum ac f undatorum oantarie
predicte ex ordinatione vij
Summa resoluta- xij ix
De claro xj vij iij

Decima inde xxij viij ob'q'

CHESTEEFELDB GILDA SANCTE CEUCIS.
Aldremannus de Chestrefeld et Confratres ejusdem Patroni.
Dominus WiUielmus Hethoote oantarista ibidem habet nian&ionem S, s. d.
cum gardino per annum - , uj iiij
Item in annuali redditu - iij vj vuj
Summa iij x
Decima inde - vij

CHESTEEFELDB GILDA BEATB MAEEE.
AldermannuB de Chestrefelde et confratres Patroni ejus dem.
Dominus Henricus Trigg Dominus.
Hugo Haywodde et Dominus WiUielmus Eagg cantariste ibidem
et quilibet coruin habet mansionem per annum iijs. iiijd. summa
Item in redditu soluto per aldermannum et confratres dicte glide
per annum cuUibet cantariste predioto v"

XV

Summa - _. _
Decima inde xxxj
CHESTEEFBLD CANTAEIA. ^"^^^^^^^
AldermannuB et confi-ates sui Patroni.
Dominus Eichardus Newbolde oantarista ibidem habet annuatim
in pecuniis .^^ ^^^^^^_
S. s. d.

Decima inde

VU]

CHESTERFIELD. 169
In addition to the particulars relative to the various chantries
formerly extant in this church, which may be gleaned from the
Valor Ecclesiasticus and the Chantry RoUs, an ancient charter in
the Chesterfield corporation chest makes mention of yet another
endowment for the singing of masses and other ecclesiastical pur
poses. Accordhig to this charter, William de Calall, Henry de
Maunsfield, Adam de Brown de Chesterfield, WiUiam de Lowe of
the same, and Robert Ehe, of Newbold, granted in the 9 Richard
IL, to John del Loft and Maud his wife, a messuage in "HaUy-
wellgate," which they had of gift of the said John del Loft, for
thefr hves, paying to the said WUUam de CalaU, &c., and thefr
heirs and assigns, one red rose at the feast of the Nativity of St.
John the Baptist, and keeping the messuage in good and sufficient
repafr. And WiUiam de Calall, (fee, granted for ever a certain
yearly rent of lOd. out of the said tenement, for maintaining of an
obit for thefr souls, and for the souls of John and Maud del Loft,
and of Joan, late wife of said John, and of Margaret, former wife
of said John. The mass was to be celebrated in the church of
Chesterfield on the Lord's day next after the feast of the Conversion
of St. Paul ; lOd. was to be then distributed for the supper made in
memory with the church and town ; 2d. to the clerks serving God
and the Blessed Mary vrithin the church ; 4d. for ringing the beUs ;
and 4d. in' oblations to every chaplain celebrating mass.*
It now remains to make a note or two respecting the bells. Up
to the year 1700 the tower only contained six beUs, but in that
year another was added by the wUl of Mr. Paul Webster, and a
few years subsequently the eighth was added by public subscrip-
tion.t At the end of one of the old registers is an entry to the
effect that , in the year 1774 the peal of eight beUs was rehung,
the sixth beU being newly cast. Another entry tells us of the
curious way in which the salary of the first organist of Chester
field church was raised. The organ, buUt by Schnetzler, for £500,
was opened on the 21st of October, 1756, and the organist was
maintained partly by the pew rents of the west gallery, then erected,
and partly from the extra fee of two shUlings charged to those who
required the great beU toUing on the occasion of a funeral. " Others
and paupers " had to be content with the tolUng of the fom-th or fifth
bell. But in. 1788 an order was made that henceforth the great
beU should be rung for all persons.
*Add. MSS., 6667, f. 713.
t Hunter's Collections. Add. MSS. 24, 447, f. 137.

170 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
In 1819 the old peal was dislodged and a new peal of ten bells
took their place, cast by Thomas Mears, at a cost of between four
and five hundred pounds. The beUs are one and aU simply in
scribed vrith the name of the founder and date. The foUowing
were the inscriptions upon thefr predecessors : —
I. " Multi numerantur amici, (many friends are numbered.) —
Geo. Swift, P. WUdebore, Churchwardens, 1718."
II. " HsBc campana est ex dono PauU Webster. — Geo. Swift, P.W.,
C.W. — Laus Domini nostre mobilitate viget (The praise of the Lord
flourishes by our motion.) 1700.''
IIL " Sweetly tolling, men to caU,
To taste on meats that feed the soul.
George Oldfield. 1612."
IV. " Jesus be cure speed. 1612."
V. " God save his Church. 1612."
VI. "John Wood, vicar: H. Withers, R. Marsden, Churchwar
dens. Thomas HUton, of Wath, founder. 1774."
VII. " George Shaw, Peter Dowker, friends to this bell. — Anthony
Legal, WiL HoUand, Wardens. 1661."
VIII. " I. H.S. Hebc campana sacra fiat Trinitati beatse. (Let
this beU be made sacred by the Blessed Trinity.) "
These inscriptions from the old bells are copied from Ford's ^-w-
tory of Chesterfield, and to the account of the last beU is added the
note, " The oldest bell in the steeple." We can confirm the cor
rectness of this note from an exceUent source, as Dr. Pegge gives
a dravring of the founder's mark on the large bell.* This mark
consists of a shield vrith a cross in the centre between the initials
G. H. ; and below these letters are respectively placed a fyffot
cross and a section of a bell with the clapper exposed. A simi
lar mark occm-s on the second and thfrd bells of the Uttle
church of Beeley in this county, both of which are without date,
but one of them bears a pre-Reformation inscription — " Sancte
Georgii orate pro nobis. "f Besides the peal of ten bells tbe belfry
also contains a smaU beU 15^ inches in diameter and about 18
inches in height. Rumour has it that it was formerly used as the
* Pegge's Collections, vol. u.
t An engraving of this beU-mark is given by Mr. LleweUynn Je-sritt in the
Reliquary for October, 1872. It is probably the beU-mark of Godfrey or Gilbert
Heathcote of Chesterfleld. These two names were borne by several generations of this
famUy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The simpler beU-mark of G H.
or E. H. vrith a fylfot cross in the base is of frequent occurrence in Derbyshire bel
fries. These -^ere probably used by the descendants of G. H., whose more elaborate
trade-mark is described m the text. See the note to the Ashover belln y, <vi . oi=n
the description of the Barlborough beUs, p. 60. ' ^' ' '

BELL-FOUNDERS' MARKS.

CHESTERFIELD . 171
curfew beU, some stoutly affirming that it fulfiUed this office in the
days of the Normans. But though it is destitute of ornament or
inscription, it is clearly of far later date than the first WUliam.
During the time that Chesterfield served as a depot for French pri
soners at the commencement of the century, this bell was used to
summon them to their quarters at nightfall. The name, however,
by which this bell is generally known — the Pancake bell — ^teUs of
another interesting old custom ; and the custom of ringing it for
fifteen minutes, commencing at a quarter to eleven, on Shrove-
Tuesday, stiU prevaUs. Shrove-tide impUes the time when it was
imperative on every one to confess to his parish priest, and by him
to be shriven. To caU the parishioners to this their annual duty,
one of the church bells was rung on the morning of Shrove-Tuesday
in a manner that would especiaUy attract attention. After shriving
had gone out of fashion the ringing of the bell was continued, but
the name was changed to that of "pancake beU," and is supposed
to indicate the best time for commencing the preparation of these
dainties. Chesterfield is one of the very few towns where the ring
ing of the pancake beU still prevails.
We ¦will conclude this notice of All Saints', Chesterfield, with
briefiy narrating two incidents immediately connected with this
venerable edifice. In the reign of Henry IIL, Robert de Ferrers,
Earl of Derby, not satisfied with the defeat of the confederated
barons at Evesham in 1265, again took up arms against the king
in the spring of the foUo^wing year. He assembled his followers
at his castle of Duffield, and was speedily joined by Baldwin de
Wake (lord of Chesterfield). In order to effect a junction with
the men of Yorkshire under John D'Ayville, they marched towards
Chesterfield, where a sanguinary battle took place. The Earl of
Derby was driven into the town of Chesterfield, which was speedily
beset by the troops of Prince Henry, who threatened to destroy
the place unless the Earl was given up. The Earl meanwhile, who
was suffering from an attack of gout, had fled to the church, and
there concealed himself amongst some bags of wool, which had
heen deposited there by the traders at the Whitsuntide fair. A
woman treacherously betrayed him, and he was seized and con
veyed in irons to Windsor. The total confiscation of the Ferrers
estates was shortly afterwards decreed by the Parliament, and the
castle at Duffield rased to the ground, his life only being spared.*
* There is a good account of this battle in Glover's Derbyshire, vol. i, p. 393. It is
the same engagement referred to in Wyrley's introductory account of the to-wn of
Chesterfleld already quoted.

172 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
To the student of medieval times there is nothing strange tn this
presence of wool in the church, for not only were the naves of our
parish churches frequently used for the storage of goods, especiaUy
in troublous times, but here also were held the manorial courts,
and frequently the actual fairs and markets, as weU as the revels
connected with the wakes.*
The second incident occurred more than three centuries later,
and is of singular interest as affording an instance of a post-
reformation interdict. The foUowing entry occurs in the parish
registers : — " 1598. Robertus Eyre generosus sepultus, per violen-
tiam ab Hercule Foljambe, xvdie Dec." The said Robert Byre was
an excommunicate recusant, and upon his burial at Chesterfield the
church was interdicted, or according to another account, " inhibited
from all burials" up to the 14th of the foUowing January, when
the ban was removed. During this interval the dead were buried
at Whittington and other neighbouring churches. Hercules Fol
jambe had only returned from the West Indies two months
previous to his onslaught upon Robert Eyre, which indirectly
brought about the interdict. He was the son of Sir Godfrey Fol
jambe, and heir of his brother Godfrey Foljambe, of Moor HaU, who
died in 1591. The foreign achievements of Hercules Foljambe are
best summed up in his own words in a petition to King James,
wherein he affirms : — " That for 40 years he had been employed
in the Netherlands in field and at sea, and in the West Indies in
the time of George, Earl of Cumberland, at the surprising at Port
Rico, where he was Serjeant-Major General of the army, and, by
the providence of God, preserved the Earl from drowning, and had
gracious promises from her Majesty of reward and preferment, hav
ing consumed above 10,000/. in these employments ; but the Queen
* In connection with the former use of churches' for secular purposes, it may not
be out of place to quote a paragraph from a review of ours on Mr. Longman's Thre,e
Cathedrals of St. Paul, which appeared in the Examiner of December 27th, 1873,
as it refers to a subject on which there is such a strange lack, of sound information,
even among professed antiquaries :—" Ever since the Eeformation, EngUshmen
have treated their churches with infinitely more of reverence (occasionally, perhaps,
mingled with a contemptuous indifference) than was the case -with their CathoUc
forefathers. The devotion of churches to secular uses in the Middle Ages was not
only not regarded as reprehensible, but there is no reasonable doubt that the main
object and intention of building the large naves to our churches was for the very
purpose of utilizing them as town haUs, courts of assize, market houses, granaries
and storehouses in troublesome times, and even as suitable buUdings for the holding
ol •fji'-s and revels. Spiritual tribunals, justices' sessions, and manorial courts were
all held in the naves of the churches; and the bodies of our majestic cathedrals were
used -without exception, at certain seasons of the year, for. the accommodation of
huxters' stalls, stages for morris-dancers, and the performance of miracle plays, and
ser-vpd as pleasant places for a morning gossip or a mid-day promenade There was
nothing exceptional about the use to which old St. Paul's was put, and it was not
till alter the much-abused Eeformation that the incongruity of things secular and
spiritual under the same roof began to strike men's minds."

CHESTERFIELD. 173
presently after died, whereby he was prevented of her Majesty's
gracious promises, to his utter disabling and impoverishing his whole
estate, and he being exceeding aged petitions for 100 oaks out of
BeU and Birksland, in the Forest of Sherwood."*
The Parliamentary Commissioners who sat at Chesterfield on the
14th June, 1650, reported that the vicarage of Chesterfield was
worth £24, but that a further sum of £iO was payable out of the
impropriation of the tithes of Attenborough, Notts., from the gift
of Mr. Godfrey Foljambe f to a licensed preacher who should deliver
at least four sermons in every month in the parish church. At
that date the lectm-eship and the ¦ricarage were not held by the
same person. One Thomas Brettland, " an honest able man," was
lecturer, and the vicar had lately deceased.

Within the ancient borough of Chesterfield, and in its immediate
precincts, were several chapels and religious buUdings, independent
of the parish Chm-ch of AU Saints, but they have aU disappeared.
Prominent amongst these was the Hospital of St. Leonard's,
primarily devoted to the care of the lepers of the district. ;{: We are
unable to ¦write vrith certainty as to its first establishment, but it
was probably founded in the first half of the twelfth century. In
1195, John, then Earl Morton, granted a rent charge of £6 on the
manor of Chesterfield to the hospital,- in lieu of the dues from the
fafrs and markets in that borough, with which it had been origi
naUy endowed. In the first year of his reign as king, John granted
" simple protection " by charter to the lepers of Chesterfield ; in
the seventh year the income from the manor is registered at £G
10s. ; and tn the ninth year of his reign (1207), by a charter dated
26th of July, he formally confirms " to God and the Blessed
•Hunter's Collections, Add. MSS. 24, 447, f. 137. Pegge's Collections, vol. v., p. 73.
Nichol's Collectanea, vol. ii., p. 85.
tThe -will of Godfrey Foljambe is dated 24th February, 1594. The particulars
relative to his most valuable bequests are given at pages 131-143 of the Report of the
Charity Commissioners on Derbyshire, in 1827, vol. XVIII.
X Leprosy formerly abounded throughout Europe, and especially in England, but
has now been driven back to the Bast, except in the extreme south and a smaU por
tion of Norway. It chiefly affected the lower orders, owing to their greater lack of
cleanliness. Chaucer speaks of a special costume for the lepers, and of their carrying
a cup and clapper — the one for the coUection of alms, and the other to warn people
of their approach. He further describes a " spittell hous " half a mUe from the to^wn.
for their accommodation. (The Testament of Creseide.)
Voltaire, in one of his epigrammatic gibes, says : — " AU that we gained in the end,
by engaging in the crusades, was the leprosy ; and of aU that we had taken, that was
the only thing that remained with us." But leprosy had spread even as far north as
England before the undertaking of the first crusade. Du Cange's Glossary, v. Fusus.

174 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Leonard, and to the infirm of Chesterfield," the grant that he had
originaUy made in 1195.* In 1225 we read that one GUbert was
chaplain of the infirmary at Chesterfield, by which title this hospital
wa^s doubtless signified.•^ By the arrangement of John in conferring
a rent-charge from the manor, the advowson or patronage of St.
Leonard's Hospital (that is to say, the appointment of chaplain and
other officials) became attached to the manor of Chesterfield, and
various Inquisitions show that it was considered of sufficient im
portance to be especiaUy enumerated whe-n the manor changed
hands.J In the Taxation RoU of 1291, the Hospital of St. Leonard
is returned at' the annual value of £G 13s. 4d., but when the Valor
Ecclesiasticus was taken in the 27th year of the reign of Henry VIIL
the Commissioners decUned to estimate its value, as a trial was then
proceeding "inter Georgium comitem Salopie et Dominum Johan-
num Bhthe Coventriensem et Lichfeldensem Archidiaconum " ¦with
respect to its emoluments. The Chantry Roll of Edward VI. reign
further explains this matter, by which it appears that, although the
hospital for many centuries had been annexed to the manor, Henry
VII. gave it for Ufe to John Blythe. The Chantry Roll says : —
" There hath been an hospytall caUed St. Leonard's granted by K.
Hen. VII. to Ser Jo. Blythe Clerk for term of hys lyffe by letters
patent xxv. Aug. in xxiij. yere of hys reygne. By vertue of an aote
of Parlyamente Margaret late countess of Salsburye (who held the
manor of Chesterfield) toke it from Jo.' Blythe by the space of xxuj.
yeres paste and dyd graunte the lordship in exchaunge to George
late Erie of Saloppe, so Frauncysse now Erie of Saloppe is in
possessyon of the hospytaU." Lysons remarks, " we suppose the
site of this hospital to have been at a place called Spital, near the
Rother, about half-a-mile south-east of the to-wn, which belonged
formerly to the Jenkinsons, and was sold by the co-heiresses of
Woodyear to the late Sfr Thomas Windsor Hunloke, Bart. The
house was many years occupied by the famUy of Bourne, and now
by Mr. John Charge, Attorney-at-Law, who married one of the
daughters of the Rev. John Bourne." § There can be no doubt that
this supposition is correct.
In the reign of Edward IIL, Thomas Wake died seized of the
*Pipe EoUs, 10 Eic. I. ; Eot. Chart. 1 John, M. in dorso 26, and 9 John M 8 • Cal
end. Eot. Chart. 7 John, M. 8, 86.
fEot. Lit. Glaus. 9 Hen. IIL, M. 9.
J Inq post Mort. 26 Edw. IH., No. 54; 30 Bdw. HI., No. 2, 25 ¦ 9 Eich TT No
54; 10 Hen. IV., No. 51. Abbrev. Eot. Orig. 29 Bdw. IIL I No! 28. '
§ Lysons' Derbyshire, p. 81.

CHESTERFIELD. 175
manor of Chesterfield in conjunction vrith the Hospital of St. John
the Baptist.* There is no other record of the existence of a'
hospital thus dedicated at Chesterfield, and we are inclined to think
that it is an error of the scribe for St. Leonard.
Tbere was a chapel dedicated to St. Helen on the site of the
present Grammar School, of which we have failed to learn anything
tn pre-reformation days. It is mentioned in a deed of the 2 Eliza
beth, by which the Queen grants to George Howard, inter alia,
" half an acre of land near the chapel of St. Helen, in Chester
field." t A Free Grammar School, specially endowed by Godfrey
Foljambe, was founded at Chesterfield soon after the Reformation,
and it seems probable that the Queen granted the fabric of the
chapel of St. Helen's for that purpose. At all events, the chapel
itself, by whomsoever granted, was turned into a school-room, and
other buUdings for the masters added.J But in 1710 the old chapel
was finally demolished, and new schools erected.
There was formerly, also, a chapel dedicated to St. Thomas,
which was situate in Holywell Street. Lysons speaks of the remains
of it forming part of a barn and stable, but Ford's History of Chester
field, pubhshed in 1839, says that these remains had recently been
converted into small dwellings, the property of Mr. Margereson,
slater, purchased of the Duke of Devonshfre, in 1833. He adds
that " this venerable building has undergone great alterations at
different periods, so that nothing of its primitive state can be traced
except on the south side, where there are stUl the remains of a
smaU gothic vrindow."
There was yet a thfrd chapel at Lord's MUl Bridge, but of this
there are no traces whatsoever. Lysons states that it was dedicated
to St. James, but we are not aware of his authority for this state
ment. " A chapel of the Assumption, by tbe bridge," was founded
by Richard, Earl of SaUsbury, vrith a chantry, July Sth, 1446, and
this was probably the chapel in question.!
» Inq. post. Mort. 23 Bdw. IH., No. 75.
fAdd. MSS. 6667, f. 307.
} Lysons' CoUections. Add. MSS. 9448, f. 213.
§ Pat. Rot. 24 Hen. "VI., pars 2, M. 10.

176

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

^t e^a^peltg of ISrtmtngton,

NE of the ancient chapefries of Chesterfield, as has been
already mentioned, was that of the adjacent hamlet of
Brimington, lying abput two mUes north-east of the
mother church. The manor of Brimington is mentioned in the
Domesday Survey as a berewick of Newbold. It was afterwards
held for several generations by those who possessed the manor of
Chesterfield, but this was not always the case subsequently, when
it passed successively through the famihes of Breton, Loudham,
and Foljambe. Of the old chapel we have failed to glean any par
ticulars beyond the bare fact of its existence, and that it was
probably dedicated to St. Michael, which is the dedication of the
present church. Nor are there any remains of the old buUding.
It was pulled down in 1808, and completely rebuilt at an expense
of je842 13s. lid., with the exception of the tower, which had
been previously rebuilt by Joshua Jebb in 1796. On this tower
there was an inscription— " D.D. D. J. Jebb, 1796.'"'= The mean
ing of the first three initials is not at once apparent, but we are
incUned to take them for " Domino dono dedit," i.e. " gave this
gift to the Lord." In 1846 application was made for a faculty to
again pull down and rebuild the church, and this was carried out
in the foUowing year. The tower was at that time considerably
raised, and probably then lost the inscription, which is not now
extant. Brimington is thus described tn the Parliamentary Survey of
1650: — "Brimington is a chapel of ease to the parish of Chester-
*Pegge's Collections, vol. 4. Dr. Pegge also makes note of the severe visitation
trom the plague that came upon Brimington in 1603. at which time " Goodacre
bridge was pulled down to prevent communication, and never rebuilt." The victims
were interred at Brimington, but their deaths are recorded in the Chesterfleld
registers.

BRIMINGTON. 177
field. This hamlet is devyded into two parts. It is worth in land
5 markes, and to the minister allso the viccarall tythes are worthe
foure pounds tenn shiUings per annum. We think fitt that Brim
ington being butt i a myle distant should be united to Whytington.
Thomas Bennett is present incumbent, and reputed scandalous."
According to the Liber Regis this chapel was of the clear value
of £10.
This chapefry vvas destitute of the rights of sepulture until a com
paratively modern date. One of' the earliest inscriptions in the
church is to the memory of Henry Audsley, vicar of Chesterfield,
who died on the 4th December, 1723.
Glover makes mention of a strange addition to the burials in
this consecrated ground in 1800, when the body of Thomas Knowles,
who was hung at Derby for forgery on the 5th of September in
that year, was interred in the churchyard.

178 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

Efft OBijaptltg of NftolJolH.

|1T the time of the Domesday Survey, Newbold formed part
of the demesne of the Crown. It was a manor of great
extent, and comprised within its limits six berewicks or
hamlets — Whittington, Brimington, Tapton, Chesterfield, Boythorpe,
and Eckington. The ancient chapel at Newbold was probably,
therefore, at one time in its history, strange as it may now seem,
the mother church of Chesterfield. In the reign of John, Newbold
ceased to belong to the Crown, being given by that King, together
with many valuable manors, to his favourite, WiUiam Briwere.
Briwere's son dying without issue, his vast estates were divided
among his five sisters, Newbold falling to the lot of Isabel, who
took for her second husband Baldwin Wake. Their descendant,
Hugh Wake, in "the reign of Henry IIL, made over the manor
tn its entfrety to the Abbot and Convent of Welbeck, who had for
merly possessed certain rights therein. In the reign of Edward I.
the Abbot of Welbeck obtained the right of free warren over the
manor of Newbold, in addition to those of Duckmanton, North
Winfield, and Cresswell.'-^'
It is said, however, by Lysons, that Newbold, at the time of the
dissolution of the monasteries, was a parcel of the possessions of
Beauchief Abbey. But according to the Valor Ecclesiasticus, 27
Henry VIIL, the annual value of the lands held by that abbey in
the lordships of Chesterfield, Brampton, Wadshelf, Wigley, and
Newbold only amounted to £7 10s. lOd., so that it could only
have been a small fraction of the manor that was then in their
hands. After the dissolution Newbold was granted to Sir Wilham
West, whose son Edmund sold it in 1570 to Anthony and Gervase
Eyre. •Calend. Eot. Chart 19 Edw. I., No. 49. Quo Warranto EoUs, 4 Bdw. IH.

NEWBOLD. 1 79
The chapel is a plain buUding, with an inside area of thirty-
six feet by fifteen. The east and west windows, as well as two
on the south side, are square-headed Perpendicular ones, of two
lights each ; the north wall is unpierced. The main doorway on
the south side is of the same period, and so also is the roof, which
is of a simple character, being supported by five tie-beams that rest
on the waUs. The centre bosses, however, are weU carved and in
good condition. The four angles of the buUding are ornamented
with pinnacles of a modern and debased design.
The most interesting feature of the chapel is the priest's door
way on the south side. This is of very small dimensions, being
only five feet three inches high and two feet broad. The top
is formed of a semi-circular tympanum, ornamented vrith flovring
fohage much defaced. Several of the jamb stones, also, bear traces
of the original sculpture, a kind of horse-shoe moulding. Many,
too, of the stones that now compose the waUs show, both on the
exterior and interior, that they have formerly been used in an early
Norman edi&ce. We especially noticed one stone, that had clearly
once formed the head of a smaU single-hght Norman window. No
long time could have elapsed, from the taking of the Domesday Sur
vey, before a chapel sprang up on this site. The interior is now
utterly desolate, the vrindows being not even glazed. Its only
furniture is a modern wooden altar and raised dais at the east end.
The Catholic branch of the famUy of Eyre stiU retain possession
of the chapel (though their adjacent estates are in other hands),
and occasionaUy use it as a burial place.
Ovring, we presume, to some unfortunate outbreak of Protestant
malice, the chapel was nearly demohshed, and aU the monuments
destroyed in the reign of WUliam IIL, the ancient tombstones
being used for chimney-pieces, doorways, and other secular pur
poses.'" The only inscription preserved is one of exceptional interest.
It is as follows: — "To the memory of the Honourable Anthony
Browne, eldest son of Francis Viscount Montacute, of Cowdray,
hi Sussex, Major in the Volunteer Regiment at York, who was
wounded in the leg tn a sally from thence, 1644. He married
Bridget Maskew, daughter of James Maskew, of York, Esq., who,
together vrith his two sons, was kUled at Marston Moor, fighting
for thefr king and country. He left two sons and two daughters
* "We gather from Dr. Pegge's collections that he was of opinion that the same mob
which gutted the chapel of Newbold in the reign of "William IIL, committed a Uke
outrage on another Catholic chapel of the Eyres at their seat at Padley. "We shaU
revert to this subject in our next volume on the churches of North Derbyshire.

180 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
— John, Gervase, Christian, and Martha. He departed this life
May 6, 1666, aged 46 years. Eequiescat in paoe.
" 'Tis very well kno^wn he'd a great deal of trouble,
He suffer'd witU patience, 'cause God made him able.
He Uv'd a good Christian and wish'd to get heaven.
And hoped that through Christ his sius would be forgiven."
This inscription was fortunately copied by his daughter, Martha
Browne, a few years previous to the demolition of the monument.
Ford teUs us (1839) that the tombstone of Gervase Brosme,
second son of Anthony, was to be seen in the chapel not many
years ago. From the same source we learn that Rhodes Hibbert
of Newbold, who died at a very advanced age, remembered the
grave of Anthony Browne being opened in the presence of the Rev.
Mr. Morewood, of West HaUam, and others. The leg that had
been broken was found seamed at the fracture.''' The personal
history of this gentleman abounds in romantic incidents.
It seems that, notwithstanding his father and two younger bro
thers were fighting on the ParUamentary side, Anthony was a deter
mined Royahst. He was taken prisoner during the sally from York
when his leg was broken ; but, on recovering, he escaped by killing
the guard of his prison. He was now obliged to disguise himself,
and he took refuge with the Eyres of Newbold, living under the
feigned name of John Hudson. On the restoration he resumed his
proper name, but failed to obtain the confiscated estates of his wife,
or any other recompense, from the fickle Charles II. t
After the sacking of this chapel by the Protestant mob, the
building appears to have relapsed into a state of complete dese
cration, being used as a cowhouse and barn up to a recent date,
when it was cleared of its incumbrances, but not othervrise restored,
by the representatives of the Eyres. The Rev. J. Hunter, who
visited it in July, 1843, says :¦ — " I went to the chapel of Newbold,
and found it standing without any inclosure in a field, and fiUed
with husbandry utensUs."|
*Ford's History of Chesterfield, p. 356.
t A most, interesting paper on the descendants of Anthony Bro-wne, who on more
than one occasion attempted to make good their claim to the title and estates of
Viscount Montacute, appeared in the Reliquary, April, 1865. Anthony Bro-wne's
-widow took a farm, under the Hunlokes, at Lings, in the parish of North "Wiufield,
and the family resided there until recently. The late Francis Browne, of Lings, was
famiUarly known as " Montacute Bro-wne," and his likeness, as well as that of his
children, to the portrait of the first Viscount was most striking. His letters, too,
some of which we possess, are certainly not characteristic of the ordinary yeoman.
The present representative of the famUy lives at Staveley. There can be Uttle or no
doubt that the attempts made to secure the title and estates would have been suc
cessful if it had not been for lack of funds and bad management. "We are led to
suppose that the title could even now be recovered, but not the estates.
+ Add. MSS. 24, 447, f. 80.

NEWBOLD. 1 8 I
There are a few references to this chapel in the registers of the
parish church of Chesterfield. One of these is the instance of the
burial of one of the same name, though apparently not of the same
family, as Anthony Browne : — " September, 1678. Michael Browne
de Newbold, sepult. apud Newbold capeU. x-rijdie."
We have been told that this chapel was dedicated to St.
John, but have not found any authority for the statement, and our
informant may probably have been misled by the dedication of
the modern church of Newbold.

182 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

W^t €ifu^tlv^ of ^tm^lt Normanton.

HE Manor of Temple Normanton belonged to -the Kmghts
Templars, who gave to it its distinguishing affix. This
Order of Knights was originally established in _ Palestine,
and had allotted to them by the King of Jerusalem, as a residence,
a portion of his royal palace, adjacent to the site of the Temple of
Solomon ; hence they soon became known as Knights of the Temple,
and subsequently Knights Templars. The date of thefr foundation
is about 1118, and we read of them hi England as early as 1136.
In England they quickly gained landed possessions, a large propor
tion of whieh still bear the name that identifies them vrith this
ancient order. Such are Cressing Temple and Temple Roydon in
Essex, Temple Chelstng and Temple Dinsley in Herts, Temple
Newsham tn Yorks, Templeoombe in Somerset, Templeton in Devon,
&c., &c. An Inquisition of the lands of the Templars, taken in
1185 (the year of the construction of the Temple Church), by
order of Geoffrey, makes mention of Normanton as part "de BaOha
de Lincohiscire."* In consequence, however, of various enormities
this wealthy order was dissolved by order of the couneU of Vienne,
and its possessions were, by the command of the Pope, made over to
the rival Knights HospitaUers, more commonly known by their
subsequent title of Knights of Malta. This transference of property
was decreed in 1312, but tbere was much delay in carrying it out,
and many estates fell into secular hands, chiefly into those whose
ancestors had formerly bequeathed them to the Templars, t
There is a report stiU extant in the Record Office at Malta,
which gives a most careful and detaUed account of the whole of
the possessions of the Knights HospitaUers in England in the year
* Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. vi., pt. 2, p. 827.
t Porter's History of the Knights of Malta, vol. i., chap. 7.

TEMPLE NORMANTON. 183
1338.''= Amongst thefr original estates are two in Derbyshire —
Yeaveley and Barrow — -which produced the yearly income of ^£95 6s.
and £36 2s. respectively. There is also a long list of the recently
transferred estates of the defunct order of the Temple, but we fail
to find mention of Temple Normanton, or indeed of any land in
Derbyshire. But at the end of this hst, twelve manors and a
water-mUl are enumerated, which had been in ' the possession of
the Templars, but of which the HospitaUers had failed to obtain
possession up to that date. Amongst these is the Manor of "Nor
manton in the Vale," of the value of £10, held by Lord de Roos.t
Now it would seem probable that this is another name for Temple
Normanton. Though Temple Normanton is, and has been for a
long period, its most commonly accepted name, the hamlet has
often been distinguished from the two other places of the same
designation in Derbyshfre by other prefixes. Thus we have met
vrith it under the titles of Little-Normanton, Normanton-Parva, and
North-Norman ton, and we beheve we recognise it under the further
title of Normanton-in-the-Vale. A close consultation of gazetteers of
different dates fails to discover a Normanton of this particular
name elsewhere in the country ; and though it may be said that
the hamlet is not on low ground but rather overlooking the vale,
the same objection might be made to Sutton-in-the-Dale and other
place-names of a like description, which simply seem to imply
proximity to a vale or dale. If this conjecture is the right one,
Normanton-in-the-Vale must have been given up by Lord de
Roos subsequently, as it afterwards was undoubtedly the property
of the Knights HospitaUers. It is described in the reign of
Edward as " Normanton-juxta-Chesterfield," lately the property of
the Templars but then of the HospitaUers. J It seems that the
manor remained in thefr hands until the time of Henry VIIL,
when the order of the Knights HospitaUers sided^ with the Pope
and resisted the divorcement of Katharine. This resulted in a san
guinary persecution, and the eventual destruction of the Order ; and
at last in April, 1540, an Act was enacted vesting in the Crown the
whole of their possessions, castles, manors, churches, and houses.
But by a royal charter, bearing date 2nd April, 1557, Philip and.
Mary re-established the Order, and re-endowed it vrith all the
* This report has been printed by the Camden Society, and forms the 65th volume
of their series.
tThe famUy of de Eoos held various estates in Derbyshire in the reigns of.
Edward L, IL, and IIL, and Eichard II. See Inq. post Mort. passim.
J Quo "Warranto RoUs, 4 Edward III.

184

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

manors and other possessions of which it had been deprived, so
that Temple Normanton once more reverted to the Knights Hos
pitallers. '•= This re-endowment was, however, of short duration, for
Queen Elizabeth, in 1559, again abolished the Order and escheated
their property. In 1563 the manor was granted to George, Earl
of Shrewsbury, and was subsequently purchased of the Shrewsbury
family by the Leakes.
.The chapel at Temple-Normanton is a plain oblong building with
a clumsy bell-turret of wood and lead on the west gable. Its
dimensions are about forty feet by twenty. It is entered by a
square-topped doorway on the south side, on the Uhtel-stone of
which is cut the date 1623. The two windows on the south side,
and the two-light one at the east end are also square-headed, and
may be attributed to the same date. Modern Directories speak of
this chapel as being built in 1623, and doubtless it was extensively
rebuilt then, but one had existed here several centuries before that
date. In fact it would be strange tf this was not the case, seeing
that the manor was owned (and probably occupied, not farmed out)
by a body of stern religious zealots, such as the Templars were tn
the early part of their history. If the place was of sufficient im
portance to be christened by their name, it would sm-ely possess a
buUding for their religious services. In the north wall there still
remains a deeply splayed very smaU window vrith a rounded top,
the Ught itself being only about one foot by three inches, and in
this may be recognised one of the rude Norman vrindows that are
found in chapels of early primitive construction. The top-stone
of this window, viewed from the exterior, can be exactly matched
by one buUt into the waU in the old chapel at Newbold. In this
window, then, we see a portion of the old building as it was when
the Knights Templars held here their service in the twelfth century ;
and in the pointed window of two chief lights at the west end, we
find one of the Decorated, or fourteenth century style. And what
is more hkely, than that the Hospitallers, when they obtained pos
session of this chapel, formerly in the hands of their rivals, should
restore it in the styk then tn vogue. The gable stone at the east
end shows tbe base of a cross that has formerly adorned it, and
there are traces of a simUar feature at the west end. The upper
half of the high-pitched roof is hidden by a plaster ceiling, but
five horizontal tie-beams of a plain description show below. Many
of the pews contain a substratum of solid old oak, and the chapel
* Porter's Knights of Malta, vol. ii., appendix 18.

TEMPLE NORMANTON. 18o
has evidently once been seated throughout (probably in 1623) with
massive but plain oak benches. To the backs and sides of these
benches the woodwork of the present higher pews has been ruth
lessly fastened. The chancel is separated from the body of the
building by a wooden screen of plainly-moulded uprights, certainly
not older than the date over the door. In the south wall of the
chancel is a square niche, which may have once served as an
almery. There appears to have been intra-mural but not extra
mural bmial in this chapelry, for the chancel is paved with numerous
monumental stones; but we shall not here record the inscriptions,
as the oldest only date back to the commencement of the last cen
tury. The font is a modern one. Of this chapel it may truly be
remarked that " the sparrow hath found an house, and the swallow
a nest for herself where she may lay her young," for the west
wall has recently given way many inches from the buUding itself,
and left a gaping cre"rice. This crevice the bfrds have utilized,
and the chapel at the time of our visit was melodious with the
twitterings of the young. Alterations or repairs are, however,
already tn contemplation ; we trust that they vrill not involve the
complete demolition of the present building.
Lysons says that the chapel at this place is supposed to have
been originaUy a domestic one, belonging to the lords of the manor
of Tupton, in the adjoining parish of North Winfield; but as he
gives no reasons for this supposition, it is not easy to accord with
it. It would be very unusual to have a domestic chapel at a
distance from the manor house considerably exceeding a mile.
It has already been pointed out that the probable origin of a
chapel on this site was the granting of the land to the Knights
Templars ; and we are in possession of the copy of an old memo
randum, not before published, which gives negative evidence
against this being used as tbe domestic chapel of Tupton
Manor. This e-ridence is very slight, but the memorandum, taken
from the Common Place book of Roger Columbell, of Darley Hall,
who died in 1665, is sufficiently curious to warrant its insertion :^-
" Mem. Godfrey Foljambe of More hall, myself, my brothei; blunt
were at Tupton tn the lady Constance Foljambe house the 28 "^Sep.
1589, when all the morning prayers, savinge the ii lessons omitted
for want of a byble and the coUect for the daye for want of skyll
to find it out, was distinctely redd with the latinie also by Nicholas
Hardinge; hir man servant and Elianor Harrington hfr waytinge
woman beinge present, who reverently and obediently behaved them-

186 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
selves during aU the service tyme, as we aforenamed with Edward
Bradshawe, John Browne, and John Hawson are to witness when
soever we shaU be called by other or otherwise as by a byU under
our hand according if (?) my sade cousen Foljambe of More Hall
appeareth. ""= This reading of prayers according to established
form before "witnesses would be done in order to save tbe heavy
penalties with which the recusant Catholics or suspected recusants
were visited. The Lady Constance Foljambe would be especiaUy
careful at that particular date to have witnesses of her conformity
to the established religion, as she had only been set at liberty six
days before the date of this memorandum, from a confinement for
conscience's sake, of about two years duration. A letter is
still extant from Francis Leake to the Earl of Shrewsbury, dated
February the 2nd, 1587, in which he states — " I was this day at
Tupton, where I found the Lady Constance Foljamb. I did impart
to the Lady Foljamb my comitione to comite her to the chardge of
my cousen Foljamb. Her answer was that she was, by age and the
sikeness of the stone, not abeU to travell either on horseback or on
foot, and so desfred me to let your Lordshipp understand ; where
upon she as yet remeanthe at Tupton tiU your Lordshippe's plea
sure be further knowne." The Earl rephes that it is essential
to commit her, and, on February 16th of the same year, receives
a letter from Godfrey Foljambe stating that he had apprehended
" the Lady Constance Foljambe, my grandmother, and now have
her in my custodie, whom by God's help I shaU safely keep." The
Protestant zeal of this unnatural grandson was not altogether dis
interested, for we learn that when he set her at liberty twenty
months later, by order of the. Council, he retained for his own bene
fit " her hving, goods, and chattels." On September 22nd, 1589,
the Lady Constance wrote to the Earl of Shrewsbury thanking him
for her release.t She was the second wife of Sfr James Fuljambe,
who died tn 1558, and was buried at Chesterfield 22nd July, 1600.
Her grandson Godfrey Fuljambe was descended from the first vrife,.
Alicia. Godfrey Fuljambe, of Moor HaU, was descended from a
younger branch. The Lady Constance's residence we believe to
have been at Tupton Hall (though shortly afterwards it was in the
¦*Add. MSS. 6702, f. 79.
+ The Talbot Papers, quoted in Lodge's Illustrations of British History, vol. ii.,
pp. 373-376. "We have not seen the Talbot Papers, which are preserved at the Col
lege of Ai-ms, but we feel sure that Lodge, is in error in describing this Godfrey
Foljambe as " Sir." It does not appear that he was knighted, and in contemporary
copies of the correspondence between him and the Bari of Shrewsbury, amongst the
Lambeth Palace MSS., he is spoken of as a simple esquire. See also Nichols'
Ciillectanea, vol. ii., pp. 73-78.

TEMPLE NORMANTON. 1 87
hands of the Brailsfords), and if the chapel at Temple Normanton
was the domestic one for the manor, it seems probable that this
historical service would have been there performed.*
In Bacon's Liber Regis this chapelry, valued at £1 12s., is de
scribed as pertaining to the parish of Eckington ; but this must
be a mistake, as it appears to have always formed part of the very
extensive parish of Chesterfield. In the sixth volume of the Par-
liamentai-y survey of hvings, made in 1650, which records are pre
served at Lambeth, occurs the following : — " Normanton parva is
a chapel of ease" in the parish of Chesterfield, in viccaraU tythes
worth 20s. per annum. The Chapel is fit to be disused and the
rillage united to Chesterfield."
*"We have' aUowed this to stand in the text, as an excuse for bringing in the inte
resting detaUs Ulustrative of Derbyshire Ufe in the reign of EUzabeth ; but, since it
was originaUy in print, we have discovered, in the manuscript correspondence of Lysons
(Add. MSS. 9423, f . 107), the error upon which the statement is based, that this chapel
was the domestic one of the lords of the manor of Tupton. The Eev. G. Bossley;
vicar of Chesterfield, writes to Mr. Lysons, under date 24 February, 1816 — " formerly
the chapel of Temple Normanton was not endowed, and was then considered as an
ancient domestic chapel belonging to the famdVy of Lord of Tupton." Lysons, in
utiUzing this letter in his History of Derbyshire, has e^vidently mistaken the family
name Lord, for lord of the manor ! This is a curious instance of the origin of his
torical blunders.

188 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

^fit etia^tlrg of asaalton.

JHERE was an old chapel on the manor of Walton, of which
Lysons, writing in 1817, says that the walls were stand
ing a few years ago. We find, from the Lysons cor
respondence, that the actual words of his informant, the vicar of,
Chesterfield, were — " Some parts of the waUs were standing till
within the last three or four years, when they were entirely taken
away, so that no vestiges whatever are now to be found."''' The
date of this letter is 24th February, 1816.
The manor of Walton was for several generations in the hands
of the ancient family of Breton. Roger le Brito, or le Breton,
lord of Walton, was a witness to the foundation charter of Lenton
Monastery, to which he gave the tithes of his manors of Walton
and Calow, temp. Henry I. His great-grandson. Sir Roger le
Breton, according to Dr. Pegge, obtained a hcense for a chantry
in his chapel at Walton, in the reign of Henry III. Walton re
mained in the family of Breton in direct male descent for five
generations after, the Sfr Roger who obtained the chantry, when
Isabel, sole hefress of Breton, conveyed the estate to Sir John
Loudham, and their daughter in turn to Thomas Foljambe.t
Doubtless the chapel was a domestic one attached to the manor,
but we can gather that it did not form an actual portion of the
old Hall of Walton, for every trace of that buildmg was more
than two centuries ago destroyed. An anonymous memorandum
amongst the WoUey MSS., written about the year 1648, says—
" The ancient seate Walton nere Chesterfield, wherein the great
contynewall housekeeping was mayntayned before in Mr. Foljambe's
*Add. MSS. 9423, f. 107.
t These particulars are from a MS. pedigree of Mr. CecU G. SavUe Foljambe "We
have not succeeded in obtaining any confirmation of Dr. Pegge's statement as to the
chantry, but it is difficult to beUeve that so careful an antiquary was in error

WALTON. 189
tyme, is utterly ruyned, plucked downe, and sould, no materiaU,
as ys reported left, nor almost any mencyon made were so greate
hospytality, and that tn my tyme used."
But though there is every probability that this chapel was a
domestic one, it nevertheless found a place hi the Valor Ecclesias-
ticiis of 27 Henry VIIL, and was possessed of special endowments
worth £3 8s. Od. per annum, but which were only secured for the
lifetime of the then chaplain, one WiUiam Walton. It is described
as a donative, of which Sfr Godfrey Foljambe was the lord and
patron.* There is no reference to the chapel in the Parliamentary
Survey of 1650.
* Sir Godfrey Foljambe was himself one of the Commissioners for taking this re
turn, which may account for its enumeration among the benefices.

Cotnn.

(Jlotnn.

fN the wiU of Wulfric Spott, by which Burton Abbey was
endowed, mention is made of the manor of Clown ; it
was not, however, left , to that monastery, as stated by
Lysons and subsequent writers, but to Morcare."' The notice of
Clown in the Domesday Book contains no mention of a church,
and the first historical note of its existence seems to be in the
reign of Henry III. (1216—1272), when the church of AU Saints
at Clown was confirmed by that monarch to the Priory of Work
sop. t According to the" Liber Regis, and to subsequent authorities,
the church is dedicated to St. John the Baptist. It therefore seems
probable that we have here an instance of a church changing its
dedication at the time of its restoration or re-consecration.
The church of Clown, however, was not altogether appropriated
to the Priory of Worksop, as imphed by Glover, but only the
advowson, together vrith a portion of its revenues. At least this
appears to be indicated by the Taxation RoU of 1291, wherein
Clown is entered as an " ecclesia " (not -ricarage) worth £6 13s. 4d.
a year, and the Prior of Worksop as deriving a pension of £2
from the same parish. According, also, to Mitchell's Derbyshfre.
Collections,! the convent of Worksop received a pension of that
amount from the parson of Clown, of which a recovery was suffer
ed, 29 Henry VIIL, on the very eve of the dissolution of the
monasteries. This pension (according to Mr. Mitchell) arose from
the gift of Robert de MenniU (son of GUbert de MenniU) and
Eobert his son, of aU thefr rights in the church of All Saints
at Clo-wn, and was confirmed by Edward II. , at Lincoln, on tho
4th February, in the ninth year of his reign.,
*' See Beighton Church, p. 83.
t Glover's History of Derbyshire, vol. ii., p. 303.
+ Add. MSS.,28, 108, f. 3.03.

xvnj

VI]

vij xi X

vii

vij xuij

X i

194 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
In the sixth year of Richard II. , Sfr Roger FolvUle and EUza
beth his vrife, held forty acres of glebe land at Clown, under the
church,* and two years subsequently (1385) we learn that one
Richard de Rawcliffe was parson.
The foUowing is a verbatim extract from the Valor Ecclesiasticus
(27 Henry VHI.) vrith respect to this parish : —
CLO"WNE EECTOEIA.
Prior de ¦Wirkesopp Patronus.
Dominus WUUelmus Ynskipp rector ibidem habet communibus annis ut sequitur.
±' s. d.
In mansione et glebis - - xx x
In decimis garbarum et feni iiij vij
In decimis lane et agnellorum - xij
In decimis minutis - iij
In oblationibus - x
In PaBchali Eotulo Summa
Unde resoluta est annuatim archidiacono Derbie pro scenagio et
procuragio De claro
Decima inde -
The Parhamentary Commissioners, in 1650, estimated the value
of the living of Clown at three score and ten pounds. Mr. John
Burton was then the incumbent, and is described as "an honest,
hopefull man."
The Church consists of a chancel, nave, south porch, and western
tower. Though the present buUding is much modernised, enough
old work remains to prove its existence in the Norman days. The
south doorway under the porch, and the archway from the nave
into the chancel, are both of good Norman work, and in a fair
state of preservation. Shafts are cut out in the jambs, the capitals
of which are ornamented vrith geometrical patterns. The style is
of the reign of Stephen (1135 — 1154). On a vrindow-seat in the
chancel is a cfrcular stone, moulded in front, that has formerly
been the drain of the old Norman piscina. It would be weU if this
stone could be again buUt into the walls, to save it from future
Vandals, as piscinas of that date are but very rarely found. At
the west end of the nave, too, is the original Norman font. The
font itself, which is twenty-two inches hi diameter, and thirteen in
height, is a perfectly plain rounded stone. The base, which is also
circular, is moulded in bands like the base of a column. Its total
height is about forty inches.
*Inq. post. Mort. 6 Eich. II., No. 40.

CLOWN. 195
One more instance of this style remains in the chancel, the
priest's doorway on the south side having a semi-cfrcular head,
though it appears, when viewed only from the exterior, to be of
much more modern date. On each side of this doorway there has
been a smaU lancet window of the Early EngUsh period, though
that nearest the nave has been diminished and blocked up, untU
only a smaU square opening has been left. The roof of the chancel
is ceded, but the tie-beams and a portion of the struts of the old
roof show themselves below the whitewash. The high-pitch roof of
the nave is open to the rafters ; two of the tie-beams with their
sfruts, which are boldly carved and moulded, are clearly part of an
old roof, as weU as much of the remainder.
The style of carving, and the construction of the roof, inclines
us to attribute it to the Decorated period of the fourteenth century.
It has a strong resemblance to the church roofs at Hault Hucknall
and North Winfield.
The tower at the west end was added in the fifteenth century,
when the Perpendicular style was in vogue. It is supported by
diagonaUy-placed buttresses, and the embattled summit is ornamen
ted -with four crocketed pinnacles. The windows of the bell-chamber
are good plain specimens of the style. The tower is entered by a
smaU pointed doorway under the west vrindow, and the basement
opens into the body of the church by a lofty archway spring
ing from two weU-carved corbels. We should have ¦ written '' ought
to open," for the archway is now bricked up, and further concealed
by a gaUery at the west end of the nave. The tower contains
three beUs, access to which is obtained by a turret stafrcase of
uiiusuaUy smaU dimensions.
The foUowing are the inscriptions : —
I. "Revd. George Bossley, Rector, 1812. J. Goody, J. Dewis,
Churchwardens. Smiths, Chesterfield."
IL " Geo. 'WUkesonne, WiU. WUliamson, Wardens, 1616." This,
beU is cracked, and has been disused for some years.
Hi. " God save his church. 1591." This bell bears the founder's
mark of Henry Oldfield.
The north waU of the nave has, we suppose, at eome time in its,
history, shown eymptoms of falling outwards, but such a catastrophe
has been now rendered impossible by the erection of two clumsy,.
but massive buttresses. They project ten feet from the waU at the
base, and are three feet in -width. They graduate off in nine suc
cessive stages, and seem almost to invite a visit to the roof,. On

196 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
mentioning this to our cicerone, he told us that all the lead from
the roof was stolen one night about thirty years ago. It has since
been roofed with slates. One of these buttresses has blocked up a
doorway that formerly existed on the north side of the church.
Three taU two-light windows, of very debased Perpendicular, hght
the south side of the church, one bearing on its keystone the date
1714. A stone above them is thus inscribed : — " Mr. Basseldine,
benefactor to this waU and church, 15^." The porch, which is
about as degenerate a piece of architecture as the hveliest imagiua-
tion could picture, informs its admfrers that " This porch was
rebuilt by Mr. Basseldine, 1720." Good Mr. Basseldine had not
the smaUest intention of placing his hght under a bushel, and we
find several traces of him in the interior of the church. Against
the north waU of the nave is a large table of the Commandments,
supported by Moses and Aaron, and with various other embellish
ments around them. At the base is painted Mr. Basseldine's name
in conspicuous letters, vrith the date 1724. The artist's name, "B.
Bouttats," is also given. Again, in the chancel, against the north
waU, is a large picture of the Ascension tn a black frame. At the
bottom we read, " Charles Basseldine, his gift, 1725." This picture
is certainly a marveUous composition, and is intended, we fancy, for
a copy of one of the weU-known paintings on this subject. We
suppose its almost ludicrous irreverence did not strike its admirers
of the last century. The keys of St. Peter, which he has dropped
in his astonishment, are prominent in the foreground. But Mr.
Basseldine's last and best work, not chronicled tUl after his death,
is commemorated on a smaU plain slab on the opposite side of the
chancel, " Hera under lyeth ye body of Mr. Charles Basseldine,
benefactor to this church .£50, a founder of a school, and gave to
it £6 per annum for ever, to teach twelve of the poorest chUdren
of the parish of Clown. Who died March 23rd, 1736, aged 84."
The church contains no pre-reformation memorials, but a large
gritstone slab in the centre of the chancel is to the memory of a
rector of the parish afready mentioned — WUliam Inskip — who must
have been instaUed here some years before the first estabhshment
of the Reformation by Henry VIIL He held this rectory during
the troublous ecclesiastical times of Henry VIIL, Edward VL, Mary,
and EUzabeth. It would be interesting to know how these changes
affected this httle out-of-the-way Derbyshfre vUlage. We are afi-aid
Mr. Inskip must have somewhat shared in the opinions of the
vicar of Bray. His tomb is thus inscribed :-" In memory of

CLOWN. 197
William Inskip, parson of Clown 54 years, was buried the SOth
day of November, 1582." Under the communion table is another
slab bearing a lengthy Latin inscription to the memory of a daugh
ter of "George HaUey, M.A., a former rector of this parish, who
died 19th August, 1680. The smaU east vrindow of the chancel
appears to have been re-constructed at about the same time as the
windows on the south of the nave. In the centre light there is a
small female figure in old stained glass of a deep blue, but lacking
the head.* For those interested in more modern ecclesiastical fur
niture may be noted a semi-circular bracket table, fixed in the south
east angle of the chancel, which is apparently of Jacobin date, and
has perhaps served as a credence table.
The space above the chancel arch at the east end of the nave is
panelled vrith oak, and upon this rests a large emblazonry of the
Eoyal arms. But the wood itself has been painted with heraldic
emblems, now much worn— the rose, thistle, harp, &c. This is, of
course, of post-reformation date, though stUl of an earlier period
than is now usually found. On the subject of setting up the Royal
Arms in chmches. Dr. Pegge, the Derbyshire antiquary, says : —
" The king's arms are placed vrith great propriety in churches, the
kings of England being acknowledged to be the supreme head, in
the temporal sense, of the National Protestant Church ; and yet I
do not know of any express injunction for thus putting them up;
However, they were very generally introduced at the Reformation."t
Against the beams of tbe western gaUery are now fixed several
carved wooden bosses that have been recently removed from the
paneUing at the east end of the nave; but that can hardly have
been thefr origmal position, and we should conjecture that they have
at one time formed part of the rood-loft screen. Two of them have
shields tn the centre, on one of which are displayed two keys in
saltfre, surmounted by a crown, which were once the arms
of the Bishopric of York ; and on the other the arms of the see
of Lichfield — Per pale, arg. and gu., a cross potent quadrate, between
four crosses patle, aU counter-charged.
On the south side of the churchyard are two memorials worthy
of note. One of these is a low headstone cross, near the tower,
When the Eev. J. Hunter visited this church in 1801, he noticed this figure, which
was then headless, and adds that on another pane of glass was the word "fecit."
Add. MSS. 24, 466.
\Anonymiana, p. 293. The earUest instance on record of the setting up of the
lioyal Aims in the place hitherto occupied by the rood, occurred in February, 1547,
at St. Martin's, Ironmonger Lane, London. See Notes and Queries, 4th S. vol. xii.,
pp. 354, 437, and Sth S. vol. i. p. 98.

198 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
roughly carved, and destitute of inscription. It closely resembles
one of the old headstones found at BakeweU, and may at any rate
be ascribed to a pre-reformation date. It was suggested to us that
it may formerly have served as a gable cross, but it is not
nearly sufficiently weU cut to have occupied so prominent a position.
The other memorial is a flat, or rather sUghtly coped gravestone.
It is mutilated at each end, but now measures five feet nine inches
by twenty -three inches at the top, and twenty- one at the bottom.
Its surface is incised with three bands of diamond- shaped figures,
and on it is rudely carved or scratched the year 1650 and certain
initials. But the stone is far older than this. Indeed, on com
paring it vrith the work on other slabs, whose approximate date
has been ascertained, we are inclined to place it as early as the
twelfth century.

itponfiFlt).

IJoImpsfiFlb, Borp.

I

BronfipIb«

HE parish church of Dronfield is dedicated to St. John the
Baptist. There are no less than three hundred and fifty-
nine pre-reformation churches thus dedicated throughout
England, for St. John the Baptist comes fifth on the list of favourite
patron saints, " All Saints " being excepted.
The first mention that we find of this church is in the reign of
the first Edward, when the advowson was given to the neighbour
ing Abbey of Beauchief by Sfr Henry de BraUsford.''' Sir Henry de
Brailsford died seized of the manor and church of BraUsford, of
the manor of Wingerworth, of the manor of Unston in the parish
of Dronfield, and of the church of Dronfield. t We can only
conjecture that the appearance of the church of Dronfield, in this
inquisition as part of the property of Henry de BraUsford merely
implies that it had been his property, or rather perhaps, that it
was only bequeathed to the Abbey on his decease. Though the
advowson thus early became the property of Beauchief, the titles
were not appropriated to that monastery untU 1399, and the
Vicarage of Dronfield was endowed four years later. J
The Taxation RoU of 1291 estimates the annual value of Droa-
field church at d640 ; thus making it by far . the most valuable
piece of preferment in the deanery of Scarsdale, and only surpassed
by a single other benefice in the whole of the country.
At the time of the taking of the Domesday Survey (1086),
Unston was the most important of the royal manors in this
disfrict, and "a church and a priest" are mentioned in the account
of that manor. There is no record of a church at Dronfield in
those days, and, as we find that almost the whole of the present
*The Chartulary of Beauchief Abbey.
t Inq. post. Mort. 25 Edw. I.
I Pegge's History of Beauchief Abbey.

202 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
church is of the Decorated period, and faU to perceive any traces
of an earlier buUding, it may be fafrly conjectured that the structure
was originaUy erected by Sir Henry de Brailsford, when the older
church at Unston had faUen into decay.*
The church consists of a nave, side aisles, and chancel, together
vrith a tower at the west end surmounted by a spfre. There is
also a two storied vestry on the north of the chancel. The aisles
are separated from the nave on each side by four arches supported
by plain circular piUars. The windows of both the side aisles are
of the early Decorated period and display various designs. Those
on the north of the north aisle are of singular width, eonsidermg
that they only consist of two lights. The whole of these windows
are unfortunately much hidden from view, in the interior, by the
side gaUeries. Above these windows is a long line of trefoil open
ings which are glazed. These were added at the time of the
alterations in 1855, when £1000 was spent in repafring and
repewing the church, in order to gi"«^e more light to the gaUeries.
The chancel, though of the Decorated period, is later in the
style and has been subsequently added, though at no long interval,
to the body of the church. This is proved by finding the chancel
several feet wider on each side than the archway from the nave.
This is a very unusual arrangement. To obviate the obstruction
of view which would be thus caused, a low pointed opening about
three feet wide has been made on each side of the archway, thus
serving the purpose of squints. In the south wall of the chancel
are three sedUia of equal elevation, they are ornamented vrith
crocketed finials and are most beautifully executed, though the
sharpness of thefr outline is much marred by successive layers of
whitewash. About three yards beyond these is a single piscina.
To the north of the east window a bracket for an image may be
noticed- Against the waUs are two long benches or pews of old
dark oak, the poppy-head ends being carved in the fleur-de-hs
pattern. The oak of the pulpit is also weU carved, but is of post-
reformation design. The side windows are fine specimens of
Decorated tracery, and may be compared with those of the chancel
of Sandiacre Church, but the large east window of seven hghts
with its horizontal transoms is of the most debased style of the
Perpendicular. The east window of Eckington Church is of almost
* We do not intend to imply -with any degree of certainty that there was no church
on this site tiU the time of Sir Henry de Brailsford, as the mention of a " Presbyter
de Dronfield " at an earUer period shakes such a theory, but it does seem probable
that there was no church here of any size at a prior date.

WHITWEliX,

OROWnEkP

£ni!ja>e& .^ous Tac-5innlePinces& Deiliy

DRONFIELD. 203
exactly the same design. The west window under the tower affords,
on the other hand, a good instance of Perpendicular tracing. To
the same period belong the square-headed clerestory windows of
the nave, the embattlements of the tower, and the vestry.
This vestry and sacristy is worthy of note as being one of the
few instances in whieh an upper chamber is to be found. The
most correct term to be apphed to vestries is the old name
Diaconicum, so caUed, because it was peculiarly committed to the
Deacon of the place, and within it were kept the plate, vessels,
vestments, and all other things belonging to the church which had
been dedicated to holy uses. The upper chamber would probably
be the dweUing place of the deacon or sacristan. This upper room
is gained by a turret stafrcase, which formerly gave access also to
the roof of the chancel. The turret is crowned ¦with a conical
shaped roof ornamented with crockets. The room contained at
the time of our visit, two wooden chests. The oldest was very
sohd, and was fastened by no less than seven iron hasps, but it
proved to be empty. On opening the second one we found it to
contain the five large foho volumes of Poole's Synopsis Oriticorum,
of the date of 1674, and the celebrated Apology of Bishop Jewel.
This work was ordered to be placed in every parish church for
general reading, and to guard against theft it was to be chained
to the desk or waU. This copy bears the date of 1569, and the
chain is^stUl attached to its cover.* At the bottom of the chest
containing these volumes were the seven padlocks belonging to the
other chest.
With respect to these chests in the vestry it may not be out of
place to here quote the ninth rule, from the orders, drawn up by
Sfr Thomas Fanshawe in 1638, to regulate the free school
founded at Dronfield by Henry Fanshawe in 1579.
"Item — I ordain that the covenant and writings, which do or
shall concern the possessions of the said school, together vrith the
common seal now by me appointed for the corporation of the
governors of the said school, shaU be from time to time kept in a
chest, which shaU remain in the vestry of the parish church of
Dronfield aforesaid, under six locks and keys, one of which keys
the Vicar of Dronfield for the time being shall keep, and each of
* More or less mutilated copies of this work are frequently met with iu parish
chests throughout the country, and there is one in fair condition, with the chain .
attached, in the parish church'of Shiriand. The Dronfield copy cannot now find
many readers, as we were told that no one had even climbed the stairs for some ten
years.

204

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

the churchwardens for the time being shall keep one, and one
other key shall be kept by my kinsman LyoneU Fanshawe, Esq.,
until such time as I shaU otherwise dispose of the same.""'
The effective band of moulding, running round the parapet of
the chancel, is of simUar design to that round the parapets of the
towers of both Chesterfield and Crich.
The spire which is 132 feet high, is weU proportioned, and
springs gracefully from the tower. It is Ughted with two sets of
windows of the Decorated style. This spire was considerably
damaged in a severe storm in December, 1818, as appears from a
presentment made to Quarter Sessions on the 8rd of AprU, in the
following year, in order to obtain a Brief for its repafr. The
presentment says — " On 16th of December last past, the church of
Dronfield was struck by lightning, which struck down part of the
spire, and very much damaged the remaining part of the spire,
with much of the walls, windows, roofs, and ceiUngs of the church
itself, together with the chancel, and that, the roofs were previously
in bad repair, it becomes necessary to take do^wn the shattered
remains of the spfre, which now must be rebuUt, the leaden roofs
taken off and recast, damaged windows renewed, new ceilings
made," &c., &c.t
From a south-east view of the church, which appeared in the
Gentleman's Magazine about this date, it appears that there were
then three clerestory windows, square headed and destitute of tra
cery on the south side, which were probably matched by a like
number above the north aisle.J
The church notes of J. Reynolds, taken at Dronfield on 27th of
September, 1770, § are of considerable length and interest, and we
shall extract from them all that bears upon pre-Reformation de
tails, comparing them, as we proceed, with the notes of Bassano,
taken about sixty years earher. " The church here is built of stone,
and the roof covered with lead  The chancel is built higher
than the church, and almost as large, and is the prettiest piece of
Gothic architecture of its kind that 1 know of in the county 
In a smaU arch betwixt the church and the chancel, on the right
hand the passage between them (being not far from the S.E. cor-
"^Add. MSS. 6670, foi. 354.
t The original of this Brief is at the British Museum. The estimate therein given
for the repairs of Dronfield church amounts to £156 5s.
X Gentleman's Magazine, April, 1819, p. 305.
§ Add. MSS. 6701, fi. 29 to 42.

DRONFIELD. 205
ner of the church), within a seat or pew is, seemingly, a very
ancient tomb of alabaster, raised pretty high above the floor,
having the effigy (or figure) of a man in armour, lying on the top
thereof, vrith a dagger by his side (but no helmet on his head) rest
ing his feet agahist a dog couchant. His hands conjoined over his
breast and elevated in a praying posture, and two angels carved
upon the south side and one upon the west end (all the rest of
the said tomb adjoining the walls or arch) with escutcheons before
them, but no charges at aU embossed on any of them, neither is
there any inscription (nor the vestiges of any) to be found any
where about this tomb. But as the said tomb has evidently been
cut less to fit the said smaU arch it now stands in, very likely the
inscription was wrote round the margin of the lid of tbe stone and
is now on that account cut off." Bassano tells us that this is the
tomb of Sfr Richard Barley, Knt. There was no inscription in his
days, but he adds, "Mr. Richard HaU did verefie to me that he
had read a portion of ye inscription on it, viz., ' Sir Richard Bar
ley, Kjnt., of Dronfield Woodhouse, and was now repafred by James
Barley, of Barley, Esq., in ye yeare 1593.' "
Reynolds continues : — " Near the middle of the chancel floor is a
stone with 8 plates upon it. That plate neit the S.W. corner
having on a wreath a gryphon's head erased upon it, Fanshawe's
crest. That on the N.W. corner, on a wreath on an armed leg,
embowed at the knee and spurred, being the crest of Eyre. That
plate betwixt the above 2 plates, contains 2 coats impaled — 1st a
chevron between 3 fleur-de-lys, Fanshawe ; 2nd, on a chevron 8
quatrefoUs, Eyre. The 2 next plates contain — one the portrait of
a man, and the other (which is the more northerly one) that of a
woman ; upon the man's portrait is written, in antique characters,
'Obht xxij. Februarie, 1578.' Upon the woman's, 'Obiit xv. Junii,
1573.' And underneath it is read this inscription in eodem cha-
ractere —
" ' Hic jacent Johanes Fanshawe, de Fanshawe-gate, et Margareta
uxor ejus, filia .... Eyer, qui obierunt circa states suas septua-
ginta et quatuor annorum, et habuerunt filias et filios viz, Eliza
betham et Thomam gemellos. Elizabetha obht circa statem suam
quatuor annorum, Thomas est Rememerator Elizabethfe Regine de
scacario suo, Margaretam uxorem Rici Castle, rex Henricus qui obiit
natus circa aunos quinque, Robertum viventem apud Fanshawe
Gate, et Godfridum unum clicor' (clericorum) predicto scacario ;
sculpta vicesimo die Junii anno domini milessimo quingentessimo

^^" DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
octogessimo.' That plate next the S.E. corner contains the por
traits of 3 grown persons and a chUd ; upon the chUd is written,
in eodem charactere, 'Obiit xu. Maij. 1545.' That next the N.E.
corner contains the portrait of a woman and chUd standfrig before
her ; upon the chUd is written, ' Obut xuj. Febrii 1537.'
" On a large blue stone near the middle of the chancel, are the
portraits of 2 men (drawn upon brass plates) in long vestments
ad tales demissa, and underneath their feet the foUowing inscription,
both written upon the same plate, but stopping in the middle thereof,
the more southern inscription being — 'Hic jacet Thomas Gomfrey
de Wormehul quondam rector ecele' de Drounfeld q' obut xi die
Mensis Octob. anno dni MCCCLXXXX nono, et sub ipso jacet
dominus Rogerus Brayhsforde dudum Rector dicte ecclesise de
Drounefeld.' The inscription more northerly is thus — ' Hic jacet
dns Ricus Gomfrey quondam Rector eccle' de BadenhuU et p'ben-
dam de Somerchal iu capeUa regis de Penkeriche, et frat' dci
Thome qui obut .... Anno dni MiUimo COC  Quorum
animarum ppicietur deus, amen'" (The word rendered by Mr.
Reynolds Badenhull, ought to read Tatenhull.) " Between the two
portraits before mentioned there has been a hunter's horn, stringed,
inlaid hi the stone, but the brass is now torn away ....
" In the church windows are no arms, but in the chancel are the
several coats foUowing —
" In the westernmost window on the south side, now only two
coats, but on 10th June, 1'756, there were three, namely
" 1. Grey de Codnore.
" 2. Lord Deyncourt.*
" 3. De Alfreton, afterwards Chaworth.
" In the middlemost south window are no arms, but a painting
something like a fidler.
" In the large east window, and first on the higher or upper part
of the same, five coats, to wit — •
" 1. Or, a two-necked eagle displayed, sable. German Empire.
" 2. Paley of 6 pieces, or and gules. Raymond Berengarius, Earl
of Provence.
" 3. Gules, an orle, or, over aU an escarbuncle of 8 staves, noue
et flem-ette of the second.
" 4. Azure, semi de fleurs-de-lys, or France, antient.
R„t.3^^ Deincourts held the manor of Holmersfield from the time of the Domesday
EroIfiVd^ ""'^ °* ^"^^ ^^' ^^ ^"" ^' <^^^*'^i" ^^''^^ i-^ *l^e manor proper dlf

DRONFIELD.

207

" 5. Gules, 3 Uons passant gardant tn pale, or England.
"In the lower part, formerly four coats, now only three, namely,
"1. Cheque, or and azure. Warren, Earl of Smrey.
" 2. Gules, 3 Uons passant gardant tn pale, or in chief label of
3 points of France. Henry of Lancaster, son to Henry Earl of
Lancaster, whose father was Edmund, surnamed Crouohback, son
to K. Hemy 3d.
"3. Is demohshed.
"4. Or 3 chevronels, gules, de Clare."
Bassano's report of these vrindows does not differ much from that
of Reynolds. He contents himself vrith describing the coat, fol
lowing that attributed by Reynolds to Raymond Berengarius, as — ¦
" Gules, a Catherine wheel, or""^ and gives two additional coats in
the lower part of the east window — ".dz., a bend arg., cottized or,
between 6 LyonceUs or," and, " Or, a lyon rampant, azMre."t He
further makes mention of a coat in one of the north vrindows, " Or.
upon 2 barrs gules, 3 water bougets arg." (WUloughby), and in
the middle part of the east vrindow, " Christ on the cross, three
apostles on one side, three on another."
There was also a fafr amount of glass left in the nave in his
days, which, having escaped the misdfrected zeal of the Puritans,
feU a victim to the more destructive effects of slothful indifference.
In the east window of the south aisle were —
"1. Or a Lyon Rampant, gules. X
" 2. Gules 3 Lyons gardant or, a label of 5 poynts Lozenge and
de hs. (Henry of Lancaster).
" 3. Arms of England.
" 4. A Lyon Rampant double queve arg.^
" 5. Az., a bend duble cottized arg., between 6 LyonceUe or.
" Above in middle partition is ye image of Christ on the cross.
In partitions of each side are — James, John, Mary, and Mary Mag-
* This coat-is probably intended for Navarre. Cotton MSS. Tiberius, D. 10.
tThe former of these coats is that of Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford,
Essex, and Northampton; it appears on the tomb, in Westminster Abbey, of Eleanor
Bohun, Duchess of Gloucester, who died in 1399. The latter coat was borne by
several families, but here it is doubtless for Percy. John de Orreby was lord of the
manor aad patron of the church of Dronfield in the year 1355. He married Joan de
Percy. Add. MSS. 6670, f. 354, Inq. post Mort.-5. Eic. II, No. 47. He had probably
purchased the presentation from Beauchief Abbey. Ealph Percy held the manor of
Dronfield in the reign of Henry IV. Inq. post Mort. 1 Henry IV, No. 6.
J This coat might belong to a large number of famiUes. Perhaps it here signifies
Charieton, a quartering of the Talbots. Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, once held the
manor of Totley in this parish. Or it may be for Walter Blount, who possessed such
large estates aU round Dronfield in the reign of Edward IV.
5 Az., a lion rampant double-tailed arg. was bome by CromweU (Harl. MSS. 6137),
and the manor of Dronfield was held by the CronrweUs in the fifteenth century.

208

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

dalene." In a south window of this aisle was—" Erm., on a chief
gules a label of 5 poynts," being the arms of BuUock, who possessed
considerable property at Norton in the sixteenth century, and also
at Unston in this parish.
Bassano also noted an arch or canopy in the south waU, where
formerly, according to tradition, stood an image of the Virgin Mary,
and he mentions a weU, close to the churchyard in St. John's lane,
caUed St. John's WeU, from which "they usuaUy fetch water now
for baptizmg infants." In the vestry was " ye organ case of former
organ." It might be urged with respect to the lamentable disappearance
of the painted glass from this church, that it was probably destroyed
by the Ughtning tn 1818, but this excuse cannot be pleaded for the
churchwardens of those days, for when Lysons visited this church
on the 7th of September, 1808, the only coloured glass it possessed
were four coats of arms in the east window of the chancel — Dein
court, Grey, Germany, and another.*
The figure " soniething hke a fidler," mentioned by Mr. Reynolds
as being in a south window of the chancel, obtains special mention
in the Gentleman's Magazine ior 1757,t where an engraving of it is
given, and an argument based upon it as to the age of violins and
thefr use in this country. The writer observes—" this uncouth
thing at Dronfield can be called no more than tbe rudiment of a
violin. There is no neck, but it rests partly upon the performer's
breast and partly upon his knee, and moreover was steadied, as I
conceive, by a hand through a strap at the back. As there is no
finger board it could not be stopped, and with four strings could
only produce four notes, which yet, I suppose, were sufficient at
that time of day for expressing a chant or a psalm tune." The
writer further considers that this figure, thougli not tn its original
place, had always belonged to the chancel and was of the same age
with it. From the engraving given of this figure it must have very
closely coincided, both in size and style, with the quaint figure of
a musician with a hurdy-gurdy in the south aisle at Staveley.
There now remains in the east window of the chancel a confused
medley of fragments of coloured glass, apparently brought there from
aU parts of the chmch, and inserted in a haphazard fashion. A
few fragments of some of the escutcheons mentioned above can
be identified, and the lower portion of the unclothed legs of a
"•Lysons' Church Notes. Add. MSS. 9403.
t Gnillrman's Magazine, vol. xxvii., p. 560.

DRONFIELD.

209

man — perhaps a portion of the figure of tbe patron Saint, St. John
the Baptist.
We will now make a note or two explanatory of the ancient monu
ments described in detail by Reynolds, and of thefr present condition.
The tomb of Sir Richard Barley stUl occupies the awkward position
in which Reynolds noted it. The date of the monument, judging
from the details and workmanship, is of the first half of the fifteenth
century. Sir Richard Barley was the son of Sir George Barley, by
the daughter of Clement Curzon, of Croxton ; he married a daughter
of Sir J. SachevereU, of Hopton.* James Barley, who repaired the
tomb in 1593, was a direct descendant, six generations intervening.
He married Joan, daughter of Nicholas Strelley, of Beauchief, and
was living when the Visitation of 1611 was made.-t- His only chUdren
were Francisca and Rosamond, then aged respectively nineteen and
sixteen. They subsequently married Linney and Bullock. He sold
the family estates at Barlow in 1593, to George, Earl of Shrewsbury.
The Fanshawe brasses are tn much the same condition now as
when described by Reynolds. It is supposed that the Fanshawes, of
Fanshawe Gate, had been settled there for several generations, but
the Herald's Visitations take us no further back than to the father of
John Fanshawe, commemorated by the brass, and even his Christian
name is not supplied.^ Nor does the pedigree supply the blank on
the brass as to the father-in-law of John Fanshawe, but we have
ascertained, after considerable trouble, that Margaret was the daughter
of Rowland Eyre, of Hassop. Henry Fanshawe, of London, younger
brother to John, of Fanshawe Gate, held the office of Remembrancer
of the Exchequer, and when he died in 1568, was succeeded in that
office by his nephew Thomas, as is stated on the inscription quoted
above. Thomas Fanshawe died at his house in Warwick Lane, Lon
don, on 19th February, 1600, and was buried in the south aisle of the
parish church of Ware, Hertford. Robert, the second son, who re-
mamed at Fanshawe Gate, married, firstly, Diana Eyre, of Bradway,
and secondly, the daughter of Edward Barber, of Rowsley. Godfrey,
who was one of the Clerks of the Exchequer when the monument
was engraved, " bought, and hved at, the HospitaU of IUford."§ The
parish registers abound with entries relative to the Fanshawes, from
1561 to 1734. From that source we find that Richard Castle was
* Pegge's CoUeotions, vol. vi. p. 296.
t Harl. MSS. 1093 ; and 6592, f . 23.
t The Visitation of London (c. 24), 1623-4; Harl. MSS. 6592, f. 65.
§ These particulars are taken from Notes Gi-nealogical and Historical of the
Fanshawe Family. Privately printed, 1868-9.

210 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
married to Margaret Fanshawe, on 24 July, 1564, and that Edward,
son of John Fanshawe, but not mentioned on the brass, was baptized
19th AprU, 1575, and died in the same year.
On the brass to the Gomfreys, the two priests are represented in
copes, and not in eucharistic vestments, as was more usual.
The borders of the copes are ornamented with quatrefoUs. This brass
is said to be the only instance extant of two brothers commemorated
on the same plate. Roger de Braylesford was Rector of Dronfield
from 1280 to 1812, and died on the 20th of April, 1336. He was
succeeded by Roger BrancequUl, of BakeweU, who resigned in 1366,
and was followed by Thomas Gomfrey, who was admitted to the
Rectory in 1365.* The probable reason for the presence of a bugle
horn on this monument, which seems somewhat incongruous on the
tomb of -ecclesiastics, is, that it signified that lands were held by the
deceased by cornage tenure, or home-geld, the service of which tenure
was to blow a horn on the approach of the enemy. This old service
of horn-blowing was, not uncommon in the northern counties, and was
afterwards commuted and paid hi money under the title of Cornagium.f
That the family of Gomfreys were landholders in the neighbourhood
is proved from the fact that one Gomfrey held a messuage of fifteen
acres at Wormhill, in 1304.J An inquisition that was taken during
the rectorship of Thomas Gomfrey, relates to the endowment of a
chantry vrithin this church. Thomas Gomfrey, Ralph Barker,
WiUiam Cook, and Thomas Rycher give to the altar of St. Mary, in the
Church of St. John the Baptist, of Dronfield, seven .messuages, two
hundred and forty acres of land, and rents to the amount of 42s. 2d.,
within the manors of " Dronfield, Stubley, Wodhous, and CoUey."§
John Ascherby succeeded Thomas Gomfrey, and was the last
Rector of Dronfield; for in the same year of his appointment, 1399,
he resigned the rectory to the Canons of Beauchief, to which Abbey
the tithes were for the future appropriated. The Vicarage of Dronfield
was speciaUy endowed by the Abbey in the year 1403. In the History
of Beauchief Abbey, we are told that Thomas Gomfrey was presented
to the Rectory of Dronfield by " John, son of Adam Forester, of
WormhiU, true patron for this turn;"|| and the lord of the manor of
* See the list of Rectors and Vicars of Dronfield in the Reliquary, July, 1874,
from the pen of Mrs. Smith, the -wife of the Vicar of the Parish, to whom also we are
indebted for several particulars contained in these pages.
i Haines' Manual of Monumental Brasses, vol. i. p. 130 ; Cowel's Interpreter.
I Pegge's CoUeotions, vol. v. p. 217.
§ Inq. post Mort. 16 Eic. II., No. 113.
I] Pegge's Beauchief Abbey, p. 93.

DRONFIELD. 211
Dronfield is elsewhere mentioned as patron tu 1355 ; but yet Sfr
Henry de BraUsford gave the church to Beauchief Abbey in the reign
of Edward I. The solution of this apparent contradiction is to be
found in the practice that even then prevailed of seUing the next pre
sentation, a species of merchandise not unfrequently traded in bj' the
monasteries. There are many other memorials tn this church to the Fanshawes,
Eyres, Burtons, Morewoods, Rotherhams, Wrights, &c., but they
are aU of post-reformation date, and not of sufficient interest to be
dealt -with in these pages.
At the end of the south aisle there is a smaU plain piscina, and it
is probable that here stood the altar of the chantry of St. Mary, which
was founded during the rectorship of Thomas Gomfrey. This
chantry was founded in the year 1392, and was most amply endowed
by Ralph Barker and others. ¦* The Barkers were a wealthy family,
and originaUy of Dore ; the famUy became extinct in 1789 on the
death of Sir Robert Barker. A second chantry, or, more strictly
speaking, a donative, or independent endowment, was founded by
WiUiam Aston, of London, in 1457. They are described as foUows in
the Chantry Boll : —
"Deonfleld. — The fraternitye or Guylde of or Ladye and S.
John Baptiste founded by weU dysposed persons in gyvyng lands to
the same  for as much as the patronage of the to^wne was im
propriate to the late abbeye of Beauchyff and j vicar appoynted by
the sayde abbotte ; and the parisshe beinge greate in compasse
abought XX myles and having M howselynge people and manye
hamletts distaunte ij iij or uij myles — that ij or iij honest prists
vrithin the parishe churche shude celebrate and mynynstre all sacra'
ments and sacramentaUs and other dyvyne service and to helpe
otherwyse in tyme of necessite, for the creacyon of the Guyldes is
a lycence of the Kyng dated xxix Julye A reign Hen. VII. xxvij —
xiZi. xis. viijd clere xufo'. xviij«. vjrf. besyds Ixiijs. vujc?. in rente
resolute, j vjs. viijd. for a baylyffes fee, j for the kepynge of an obitte
and gyvynge of almess to pore people. Sir Rob. Hawks and Sfr
Christ. Haslam prysts. There ys a mancyon house prised att vs. by
yere. Stock iiijli. iijs. viijd.
" The Donatyve of Dronfeld founded by WiU. Aston citisen of
London by wiU dated xxxv Henry VI for j pryste to mayntayne
God's Service, and everye Wednesdaye and Frydaye to say Dyvyge &
* Lysons states this on the authority of Hieron's. Collections, and it is confirmed by
the Inquisition which we have already quoted. The Commissioners who drew up the
Chantry EoU do not refer to the original foundation of the chantry of St. Mary, but
merely to its development into a Guild at a later period.

212 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
to praye etc. clere iuj^i. xiijg. iiijc?. recyvyd of the Churche Vardeus
of St Martyns in Ludgate London. Will. Yngham pryste."
A statement similar to this, and only slightly varying in phrase
ology, is to be found in another copy of the Certificates relative to
chantry property, taken by a Commission in the 37 Henry VIII. It
would be mere repetition to reproduce this second account, but in
the few additional particulars there given, it is mentioned that WUliam
Bowre was " Alderman of -the Guyld" in the reign of Henry VIL, and
that " there is ney ther chalys nor other ornamentes " belonging to the
Donative. It is also specially observed, both of the Chantry and the
Donative, that neither of them are in separate buUdings, but are
administered within the Parish Chiirch of Dronfield.
It is said that the chantry-house for the two priests of the GuUd of
St. Mary, stood on the site now occupied by the Green Dragon Inn.
According to Dr. Pegge, the endowment of the atlar of St. Mary, in
1892, was not the .original one ; but, with our present information, we
are inclined to think he is in error, especially as the Guild was not
founded until the 27 Henry VII. Unfortunately Dr. Pegge does
not give his authority, but the following is his statement : — " Dron
field. Guild of St. Mary. Founder unknown. Established 1349
for the support of two chaplains and a light at the altar of the
Virgin Mary."*
John Blackwall was chantry priest of Dronfield in 1506, accord
ing to an indenture dated at the Chapter House, Beauchief Abbey,
on the Feast of the Pm-ification ; t and Robert Hancock priest of
St. Mary's GuUd, on the 5th September, 37 Henry VIILJ
The entries relative to Dronfield in the Valor Ecclesiasticus (temp.
27 Henry VIII.) are sufficiently interesting to merit reproduction
in an unabbreviated form. DRONFELD "TICAEIA.
Abbas de Bello Capite Patronus ibidem.
Dominus WUUelmus Cooks Vicarius ibidem habet in communibus annis ut sequitur.
£. s. d.
In primis in Mansione cum gardino tofto et glebis - iij iiij
Item in annuali pensione de abbate de Bello Capite x
Item in decimis minutis communibus annis vj iiij
Summa
Unde resoluta archidiacono Derbie pro scenagio et procuragio De claro
Decima inde
¦'¦ Pegge's Collections, vol. iv.
t Add. MSS. 6667, f 673.
X Hunter's CoUections, Add. MSS. 24,460, f. ,'532.

X

ix

viij

VIJ

VI]

X

ij

j

XX

ij

DRONFIELD. 213
DRONFELD CANTAEIA IBIDEM BEATE MAEIE.
Bx dono Aldermauni et confratrum sed quis ejusdam sit fundator penitus ignorat ut
dioit.
,. ¦ X , £ s. d.
Dominus Johannes Myluer oantarista ibidem habet ih primis in
mansione per annmn - - v
Item de Aid i-cmanno etooufratribus do Dronfeld in annuali redditu vj xiij iiij
Summa vj xviij iiij
Decima inde xiij x

DRONFELD CANTAEIA. £
Dominus Robertus Cartlege oantarista ibidem habet annuatim de
reotore et gardianis Sancti Martini Loudonensis infra Ludgate
in redditu • uij

Xll] mj
Decima inde ix iUj

There is also a further entry in the Valor Ecclesiasticus relative
to the appropriated rectory of Dronfield, under the inventory of the
possessions of the monastery of Beauchief From this it appears
that the church at Dronfield, with the tithes of corn, hay, lambs,
and wool,, the oblations, mortuaries, and Easter dues, brought to
the Abbey a sum of .£40 14s. 6d. ; the deductions from this sum
were £10 for the Vicar of Dronfield (then William Cocks), 12s. 4d.
for the Archdeacon of Dorby, and 6s. 8d. for the Bishop of
Coventry and Lichfield.
The Parliiimentary Survey of livings, undertaken iu 1650, reports
of Dronfield vicarage that it was then worth .£24 per annum, but
received an augmentation of £50 out of the impropriate tithes of
Bolsover. The incumbent was " Mr. Richard Coughland, an able
honest minister."* Ou his death the Rev. Richard Mandersley
was appointed, and he was amongst the ministers ejected on St.
Bartholomew's Day, 1662. The vicaiage of Dronfield then remained
vacant for many months, and eventuaUy, towards the close of 1663,
a petition was sent to Dr. Hackett, the Bishop of Lichfield and
Coventry, from the inhabitants, asking for the appointment of a
regular minister according to the order and discipline of the Church
of Englaud. In this petition it was asserted, that the parishioners
of Dronfield had not had " a preaching minister by the space of
fourteen months last past, nor have had the sacrament of the
Lord's Supper administered unto them, accordinge to the rites and
"Parliamentary Siiriwy of Livings, vol. vi, p. 426. Tho name of this minister
was " Coyhlane," according to the list of rectors and Vicars of Dronfield in the
Ilrliqiiary, :uid it tlioro also hiiid that he died ill 1619. But the Commissioners who
reported on Dronfield, sat at Cliestorfield on 14th Juno, l(i50, so there ia au error on
either one sido or tho otJior.

214 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
usuale ceremonies of the Church of England or the ecclesiastical law-
in that behalf appointed, by the space of ten years last past.'''
The tower contains a peal of six bells, which bear the following
inscriptions : —
I. "I. Bright, Gent., Vigilate et Orate, 1730, and recast by
subscription 1851. John Taylor and Sons of Loughborough facerunt.''
II. "I. Bright. Gen., Non mihi sed Deo gloria. MDCCXXX."
III. "Jesus be our speed." This inscription is in Lombardic
capital letters. The founder's mark, between the initials H.D., is
that usually attributed to Richard Mellour of Nottingham, who
flourished about the commencement of the sixteenth century.
IV. "Ihc. gloria in excelsis Deo." This inscription is also in
Lombardic type. The founder's mark consists of the initials R.H,
with a fylfot cross. The bells with this mark, which are dated,
are of the commencement of the seventeenth century. This is the
mark that we have previously attributed to Ralph Heathcote.
V. " Hsec Campana beata Trinitate sacra fiat." The inscription
is in black letter but with Lombardic initials, and the founder's
mark the same as number three.
VI. "Nos sumus constructi ad laudem Domini 1615. The in
scription is in Roman capitals, and the mark that of Henry
Oldfield. •Pegge's Collections, vol. v, p. 129.

HOLMESFIELD.

Efit Ci^apclrg ot ^olmtsfitlti.

OLMESFIELD, now an independent vicarage, was an ancient
parochial chapelry of Dronfield, but we are not able to
give any information as to its first institution. Nor can
the study of its architecture help us in arriving at its approximate
age, as the old buUding was puUed down, and a new one erected
on its site in 1826.
The manor of Holmesfield was in the hands of the Deincourts
when the Domesday Survey was taken, and continued in their pos
session tUl the reign of Henry VI. , when it passed by marriage
in moieties to Cromwell and LoveU.* Subsequently the whole
seems to have come to the Lovells, but on the attainder of Fran
cis Lord LoveU, who was present at the battle of Stoke, June 16th,
1486, the manor was granted by the crown to Sfr John Savage.
Sir John Savage sold the chapel of Holmesfield to the copyholders
on the manor. Dr. Pegge contends that it was a mistake to speak
of this chapel as a chapel of ease to Dronfield, as it was pos
sessed of an independent endowment of its own, to the amount of
forty acres of glebe land.
There has been some doubt as to the dedication of the old
chapel, but that it was named after St. Swithin is established by
the foUowing extract from the wUl of Edmund Outram, of the
year 1505.
" In the name of God, Amen. In the year of cure Lord Jesus
Crist MCCCCC and V, and vi of October, I Edmond Outrim in
hole mind make my testement in this manner. First I bequeith
my sowl to AUmyghty God to 6ure Lady Sent Mary and all the
Saintes in Heaven And my body to be beryed in the Church
yard of Sen John Babtis of Dronfyeld. Item I bequeth my best
* Domesday Survey, Inq. post Mort. 38 Edw. III., No. 11; 5 Eic. IL, No. 20; T
Hen. IV., No. 30; 1 Hen. VL, No. 24; and33 Hen. VI., No. 34.

216 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
 to be my prinoepall. Item I gyve and apoyeut a Croft
caUed ye Stubbing to keep and uphould the services of ouer Lady
of Pytty in Dranfyeld Church afore said for Ever. Item I gyve ii
DoUes of Land in the Touen fyeld unto the Chappel of Sa^wnt
Swythne of Holmesfyeld for Ever to pray for my souel and my
wyfe and my chUdren for my father and my moder souelles and
my brother William souell. The pryes of the said Chappell to
rehearse ouer names every Sunday in the  Dominicall
Bedes.'"^ The plague, which ¦was so destructive at Belper and elsewhere
in the county in the year 1609, reached Holmesfield, and the
curate, Mr. W. Townsed, who died of this fatal sickness, was buried,
according to the Dronfield registers, in the chapelyard on the 24th
March. The following document, not hitherto published, between the
celebrated John FrecheviUef and the principal inhabitants of Holmes
field and district will be read with interest. " October 8th, 1649.
John FrechevUle Esqufre and Robert Brome Gent., servant to ye
said John FrechevUle, did bargain and seU to Michael Bmton of
Holmesfield Esq., Thomas Wright of Unthank Esq., Anthony
Croft of Holmes Gent., Robert Mower of Woodseats Gent., James
Wolstenholm of Cartledge Gent., Richard Outrem of Wallsteeds
Yeoman, Thomas Haslam of Horsley Gate yeoman, Robert Sikes
of Knowles and George Mower of Holfriesfield yeoman, and thefr
hefrs, for £141 13s. 4d. paid by the inhabitants of ye chapehy of
Holmesfield, and tn consideration of £308 6s. 8d. abated to John
FrechevUle Esquire by the Parhament, out of ye fine which he
was taxed and assessed for his delinquencies (and which the ParUa
ment gave to ye said inhabitants for and towards the purchasing
of £30 per annum for ye Benefit of a minister to serve at Holmes
field), the tythes of ye moiety of Staveley Rectory, late ye inherit-
* The document from which we have copied the above has been kindly lent to us
by Mrs. Smith (the wife of the present vicar). It is -written on a smaU piece of
paper, iu a hand that might be contemporary with the date of the ¦will, and may be
either a rough draft of the commencement of the original -wiU, or a copy of that
portion relative to church endowments. The blank left in the manuscript before the
words " to be my prinoepaU " makes the first supposition the more probable. The
' principal ' of old wiUs was equivalent to heirloom, and consisted of the best beast,
piece of furniture, etc., which was left to the eldest child, and not liable to partition.
¦We have failed to decipher the word or words preceding "DominicaU." Bede is
Aug. Saxon for a prayer, and we suppose that "Dominical Bedes " is an equivalent
for Pater Nosters.
t John FreoheviUe was most active on the side of the EoyaUsts. The ¦WoUey
MSS. (quoted in Nichol's Collectanea, 4, 213) say — " the sequestration laid on this
worthy person was great ; but, as I have been informed, was something mitigated
by friendship, by some of the opposite party." At the restoration he was created a
peer, by the style of Lord FreoheviUe of Staveley, Musard, and Fitz-ralph.

HOLMESFIELD. 217
ance of Sir Peter FrechevUle, father of ye said John FrechevUle."*
It is probable that Robert Brome was made a party to this as a
trustee of the wtU of Sir Peter FrechevUle.
Holmesfield, in the Parliamentary Survey of 1650, is described
as a " chappeU of ease and a member of Dronfield, upon the minis
ter whereof there is lately settled £33 10s. There is noe minister
for the present, and wee think fitt that aU Barlowe, which now
belongs either to Dronfield or Staveley should be united to Holmes
field, and both thefr chapells to be continued, and an able minis
ter to officiate for them both aUernis visibus, untiU a church can be
buUt in some convenient place.'' But the new church was not
built until nearly two centuries after this recommendation. The
Brief of 1819, from which we have already quoted under Dronfield,
deals also with the two chapefries of Dronfield. Of Holmesfield
it says, "the chapel is a very antient building and so ruinous it
must be wholly taken down and rebuUt." The estimated cost of
the new buUding, according to the same document, was £1451 12s.
* Pegge's CoUections, vol. 5, p. 118.

218 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

Ci)c Ci^apelrg of ^ovt.

HE early history of the parochial chapel of Dore is equally
uncertain with that of Holmesfield ; and in this case,
also, remains of the old buUding are wanting by which
we might be guided to a conclusion. The chapel was rebuUt in
1828, and an endowed school is now erected on the site of the
ancient structure.
The Parliamentary Commission of 1 650 recommended the uniting
of Dore, Totley, and Beauchief into a single parish, with a minis
ter to serve alternately at Dore and Beauchief
Mr. Stanley, the ejected minister of Eyam, who acted an equaUy
noble and self-sacrificing part as his successor, Mr. Mompesson,
at the time of the plague, first commenced his ministrations at
Dore, of which chapel he was the preacher for three years.*
The tithe of Dore was given to the minister by Cornehus Clarke,
Esq., of Norton, by his wiU dated July 2nd, 1683, and in another
vrill dated 1686, he left him also the tithe of Totley.f
The Brief of 1819, from which we have already quoted, does
not speak in high terms of the ancient chapel. " The chapel at
Dore is a very ancient and low mean buUding with a rotten roof,
and requires a raising of the side waUs to support a necessary
new roof with new vrindows and an addition to be made for the
Communion table." The cost of these alterations, according to an
estimate prepared by Joseph Hobson, of Dronfield, builder, and
Robert Unwin, of the same place, architect, was to be £208 15s.
The present church of Dore is dedicated to Christ, but this
was a form of dedication so very unusual in pre-reformation days
that we cannot accept it as that of the old chapel.
* Mr. Stanley's fame in this respect has been unjustly overshadowed by those who
were jealous of -virtue in a Nonconformist, but when some narrow spirits called on
the Lord-Lieutenant to remove him from Eyam, where he still continued his labours,
the Earl of Devonshire replied — " That it was more reasonable that the whole
country should, in more than words, testifie their thankfulness to him, who together
with his care of the town had taken such care, as none else did, to prevent the infec
tion of the towns adjacent."
t Pegge's Collections, vol. v. p. 121.

]|rl^ing]^Qn.

s

^-

?;s^

^rhingfon*

|HE parish church of Eckington is dedicated in honour of
St. Peter and St. Paul. These names in combination occur
''some two hundred and -six times throughout England as
patron saints of pre-reformation churches. This favourite combina
tion would at first sight seem to have arisen from these two saints
having been universaUy regarded as the chief of the apostles, and
though this theory probably contains a certain amount of truth, it
is more hkely that these saints were thus coupled together from the
traditional days of their martyrdom being one and the same. The
twenty-ninth of June is St. Peter's Day, and, according to some
accounts, that was the day on which St. Paul met his death in the
year 65, though others say that it was in the month of May, 66.
A like cause explains the not unfrequent conjunction of St. Philip
and St. James.
Eckington is first mentioned in the wiU of Wulfric Spott, 1002,
to which allusion has afready been made in these pages. By this
document it was left to Morcare, and not to the Abbey of Burton
as usually asserted. Mr. Thorpe, in his translation of this wUl,
says that this is the Eckington in Worcestershire, but from the con
text of other undoubted Derbyshfre names there can be no doubt
that he is here mistaken.'* At the time of the Domesday Survey
the manor belonged to Ralph Fitzhubert.f As we have before
remarked, no injunction was made upon the compUers of this sur
vey to enumerate the churches, and it not unfrequently happens,
throughout the kingdom, that priests are mentioned, but no churches,
as attached to particular manors. It has generally been understood
* Diplomatarium Anglicum .Xvi Saxonici, p. 545. See description of Beighton
Church, p. 83. The reader, too, who refers to Mr. Thorpe's valuable work, wUl find
that he was curiously ignorant of the place-names of this county.
+ Another portion of the manor of Eckington formed, according to Domesday Book,
one of the bere-wicks or hamlets of the extensive royal manor of Newbold.

222

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

that the mention of one indicates the presence of the other. We
demur, however, to this conclusion in the case of Eckington, where
a priest only is mentioned, for almost immediately below it in
the original document, amongst the manors belonging to Ralph
Fitzhubert, is the case of Barlborough, where both a priest
and a church are enumerated ; and as these two manors were
in all probabiUty enrolled and described at the same time, we
fail to see any reason why the scribes should have omitted the
church of Eckington, if one was then in existence. We offer as a
conjecture, which must be taken for what it is worth, that the ori
ginal Saxon church in this place, being constructed, as was then
usual, of wood, had been destroyed in the troublous times which
immediately preceded the taking of the Domesday Survey.
The church, which is of large dimensions, consists of a nave,
chancel, and north and south side aisles, whUst at the west end
is a tower surmounted by a spfre. The edifice has been sadly
defaced by post-reformation alteration and repafrs, but upon enter
ing the church the early date of its erection is at once obvious.
The nave is separated from the side aisles on each side by five
semi-cfrcular arches supported by massive piUars. These piUars
are round, with the exception of the two nearest the tower, which
are octagon. These arches are somewhat narrow, and struck us
as being very simUar in their proportions, though lacking the orna
ment, to those in Melbourne Church in this county. These are
specimens of plain early Norman work, and seem to place the date
of the first erection of this church at the end of the eleventh or
commencement of the twelfth century, not many years subsequent
to the time of the Domesday Survey. Ralph Fitzhubert, or his
immediate successors, probably commenced tbe work. Another
piece of Norman work is to be found in the west doorway into
the tower. This doorway is semi-circular, and on each side are
four rounded columns. It is unfortunately much mutilated, and
has been clumsily repafred with stucco and cement.
The archway into the chancel is a good specimen of the next
period — the Early English. The capitals are effectively carved
with foliage simUar to those in a hke position at Norton. The
archway, also, leading into the tower from the nave, now blocked
up by a gallery, is of the same date. To this period the tower
must also be assigned. Above the Norman doorway on its western
side are two lancet windows, and above them another very small
one. Near the summit of the tower there are, also, on each side.

ECKINGTON. 223
three lancet windows of some little size, which served for the pur
pose of emitting the sound from the bell-chamber. Immediately
underneath the parapet of the tower is a clearly cut moulding, con
sisting of the four-leaf or tooth ornament alternating with the ball-
flower, a round hollow flower of three petals enclosing a ball.
This baU-flower is supposed to be almost peculiar to the Decorated
style, but there are a few exceptions of earlier date, and we have
no hesitation tn considering this as one of them ; unless, which
is hardly likely, this parapet and moulding were added at the time
of the erection of the spire. The spire dates about the middle of
the fourteenth century, and is of the Decorated style. It has a
somewhat squat appearance, and is ornamented with four small
windows. It is clearly of later date than the tower, and the
corbel stones, which stUl project from the interior of the waUs
above the beUs, point out the place from which the roof originally
sprang. At the basement of the tower, on both the north and south sides,
are pointed archways, carefuUy filled up vrith masonry. It seems
highly improbable that they can ever have served as windows, or
led to any other part of the building, and we can therefore merely
conjecture that they were for the purpose of strengthening the
tower. If we now return into the body of the church we shall notice
that, above the Norman arches already mentioned, there are on
each side five clerestory windows. These are all square headed,
and of the plainest modern description, except the three nearest
the tower on the north side, which stUl retain their Perpendicular
tracery. In one of these are some very slight remains of old
yeUow glass. There are also two windows of the Perpendicular
peiiod in the north aisle, and one large one with six lights of a
very debased style, much resembling that, at Dronfield, at the east
end of the chanceL With these exceptions, the windows of both
the aisles and chancel are as incongruous as it is possible to
imagine". The interior is painfuUy disfigured with gaUeries, and,
as was usual in the "dark ages" of church architecture, the erec
tors- of these excrescences seemed to be proud of their work and
inscribed their names for the admiration of posterity. The gallery
at the west end was erected in 1725, and those which block up the
north and south aisles in the years 1746 and 1764 respectively.
A vestry plastered with stucco, and surmounted with a red-brick
chimney, was also added to the north of the chancel in the year
1742.

224 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
There are few objects of interest within the church. The font,
under the west gallery, which has an octagon top standing upon
a circular base, seems to be of modern construction. The chancel
contains no less than nine old dark-oak chairs, which look as if
they had hardly been made for the position they now occupy ; and
on the sides of the pulpit are two good bits of old Perpendicular
carving. Eckington possesses, however, one very interesting fea
ture, which we believe to be unique of its kind — an elaborate squint
or hagioscope.
The use of the squint, as we have previously explained, was to
enable certain worshippers, whose view might have been otherwise
interrupted by intervening pillars or walls, to see the altar when
the host was elevated and at other times during the service. The
squint in this instance is of a very elaborate character, and it is
difficult to describe it vrithout a diagram. It is at the east end
of the north aisle, in the wall which forms the support of the north
side of the chancel arch. There is also, we should remark, a chapel
on the north side of the chancel, which is now principally occupied
by the organ. The openings of this squint are so arranged that
anyone standing by this pUlar would not only be able to see through
to the high altar at the east end of the chancel, but also by look
ing to his left to see through the pillar and another waU so as to
have a view of the altar in the north chapel. These openings are
BO narrow that it, would be difficult for more than one or two to
avaU themselves of them, and we therefore are inclined to think
that here was the station of one of the chm-ch servants, whose duty
it was to ring the Sanctus BeU at different parts of the service of
the Mass — this bell being placed, as was often the case, at the
apex of the gable at the east end of the nave.
Though the walls of the chancel are covered with monuments to
the famUies of SitweU, Newton, Wigfall, and others, there are none
of sufficient age to warrant our noticing them here, nor could we
with truth say that they are any ornament to the church.
At the bottom, however, of the easternmost window of the north
aisle we noticed some old letters in coloured glass. The inscription
has almost disappeared, but the name " Roger Darci " can still be
plainly read.
A few words about the successive holders of the manor of
Eckington are here necessary to explain the connection of Roger
Darci with this Church, and wiU also serve to Ulustrate the arms that
were formerly in these windows, and which we shaU shortly
enumerate.

ECKINGTON. 225
The barony of Fitzhubert consisted of twenty-five manors in this
county, in addition to several sokes or lordships. The StotevUles
inherited half of this barony, of which half the manor of Eckington
formed part.! In the 54th year of Henry III. ^\'Uliam de StutevUle
obtained a grant of fr-ee warren over the manor of Eckington, and
various Inquisitions up to the reign of Edward II. show the connec
tion of that family with both the manor and Church of Eckington.f
There is no doubt that the advowson of the Church went with the
manor, but the first mention we have found of it was early in the reign
of Edward II. (1310), when Eleanor, the wife of Robert StoteviUe,
died seized of both manor and church. Again, in the 16th year of
the same reign, we find StoteviUe seized of the same, as weU as of
the adjacent manors of WhitweU, Barlborough, and Duckmanton.
The StotevUles, having forfeited their estates in 1340, Edward III.
granted the manor of Eckington (or rather, as we think, a portion of
it), and a mediety of the Rectory to John, Lord Darcy, who was
steward of his household. In 1349, Lord Darcy made a presenta
tion to his mediety of the rectory, and we believe that the other
mediety was - held by the Longfords, who held certain lands at
Eckington, even in the reign of Edward I., and who are entered in
Inquisitions of the reign of Edward III., as though actual lords of
the whole manor — the true solution being, as we think, that both the
manor and rectory were for a time divided between the Darcys and
the Longfords. J John, Lord Darcy, married EmUina, daughter and
heiress of Walter de Heron, and died on SOth May, 1348, leaving
two sons — John, who succeeded to the Eckington estates, and Roger,
from whom were descended the Darcys, of Essex. This, then, we
conceive to be the Roger Darci commemorated in the window. It is
unfortunate that we have no more of this inscription left, but even
when Bassano -risited the church, upwards of a century and a half
ago, there was only one other word extant, and that the insignficant
one " quondam."
Other items, connected vrith the fourteenth century history of this
chm-ch, teU us that one Richard Brome was a chaplain at Eck
ington in the 16th of Edward III,§ and that three years later the
King gave to Roger Frene, "parson of half the church of Ecking-
•* Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. i. p. 268.
t Calend. Rot. Chart. 54 Hen. III., No. 6; Inq. post Mort. 10 Edw. I., No. 6;
4 Edw. IL, No. 7 ; 16 Edw. IL, No. 61.
X Inq. post Mort., 32 Edw. L, No. 24 ; 30 Edw. IIL, No. 31 ; 30 Edw. III., No. 33 ;
47 Bdw. IIL, No. 22.
§ Pegge's CoUections, vol. v., p. 57.

226 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
ton," two messuages, and two bovates of land, in Mosborough,
which had formerly been held by John de Musters.* In the last
year of the century, Philip Darcy died seized of the manor and
advowson (probably only a mediety) of Eckington (as weU as the
advowson of Beighton), and in 1412, Elizabeth, his widow, and in
1422, his son John, were seized of the same.t In the reign of
Henry VL, the co-hefresses of Philip, Lord Darcy (son of the last
mentioned John), were married to Strangeways and Conyers ;
Elizabeth, the eldest daughter, to Sir James Strangeways, and
Margery to Sir John Conyers. The manor of Eckington and the
church advowson formed part of the marriage portion of Elizabeth ;
but tn 1540 they were sold to WUliam, Lord Dacre, and on the
attainder of Leonard Dacre, became forfeited to the cro-wn. The
rectory of Eckington has henceforth remained tn the gift of the
crown.J The two medieties of this living were made one in 1456, when
Reginald, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, at the request of Sfr
James Strangeways and Elizabeth his wife, the patrons, and with the
consent of WiUiam Orele, A.M., Rector or Portionarius of one mediety,
and Thomas Kirkby, Rector or Portionarius of the other mediety,
agreed that the survivor of the holders of these two medieties shoidd
take both, and that there should be for ever after but one institution. §
This church at one time possessed a considerable display of
heraldic glass in its windows. In WiUiam Wyrley's copy of Flower
and Glover's Visitation of 1569, taken with additions in 1592, occurs
the foUowing notice of the arms then extant hi the Church of Ecking
ton : — "Eckington is placed at the farthest extend of Darbieshier
into the north, near to the Rother and the Mease brokes. In the
church thes Armes foUowing: — 1|
" 1. Barry of eight, gu. and or, a canton, erm. (GoushiU).
" 2. Arg., a chevron, az., a label of three points, er»j. (SwiUington).
" 3. Sa., a bend between six escaUops, or. (Foljambe).
"4. Jz., a bend between six escaUops, ary. (FreoheviUe).
* Abbrev. Eot. Orig., 19 Edw. III.
t Inq. post mort. 22 Eic. IL, No. 17; 13 Hen. IV., No. 36; 10 Hen. VI., No. 42.
Another Inquisition of the reign of Henry V., styles the widow of PhUip Darcy,
A licia. But this is an error, for PhUip Lord Darcy, Admiral of the Fleet, married
EUzabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Grey, of Heton.
X Dugdale's Baronage. "We are also indebted to a MS. pedigree of the Darcys
(chiefly based ou Thoroton's Nottinghamshire, Hunter's South Yorkshire, and
Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis), which was kindly supplied to us bv the late Mr.
Swift, of ShefBeld. ,
§ Pegge's Collections, vol. -vi., p. 81.
II Harl. MSS. 6592, f. 111.

ECKINGTON. 227
"5. /S't?., three escallops, a/-*/. (Strickland) ; impaling, az., a bend,
erm. (PhUpot).'*
" 6. Az., three cinquefoils between nine cross-crosslets, arg.
(Darcy). "7. Arg., a maunch, sa. (Hastings).
" 8. Arg., a fesse, gu., between three bucks, sa. {  ).
" 9. CastUe and Leon, quarterly ; impaling Prance and England,
quarterly, a label of three points.
" 10. France and England, quarterly, a label of five points.
" 11. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, az., three cinquefoils between eight
cross-crosslets, arg., (Darcy) ; 2nd and 3rd Barry of six, az.
and or (MeyneU).
" 12. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Sa., two lions passant in pale, or
(Strangeways) ; 2nd and 3rd quarterly as the last shield above
mentioned. "These two in one windowe —
 fenestr  feeer  beth feltion.
" Arg., on a bend between two cotises, gu., three roundles
(Felton ?)
" Sa., two hons passant in pale, paly of four, arg. and gu.
(Strangeways.) "The picture of a priest tn the same windowe, on his vestment
wrought, sa., two lyones passant, arg.''
We have added the names of the families bearing these coats
as far as we were able, and it is easy to account for the presence of
the great majority of them at Eckington. In addition to the
claims of Longford on the manor proper of Eckington, it shoidd
also be noted that the manor of Killamarsh, formerly part of this
parish, was held by Hathersage in the reign of Henry VIII.
Thence it passed by marriage in moieties to Longford and GoushUl.
A sister and co-heiress of the last heir male of Longford married
Hastings. Robert de SwUlington, lord of the manor of Crich,
South Winfield, and Tibshelf in this county, held certain lands
in Eckington in the reign of Henry V. Henry Foljambe of Walton
was a landowner of the same parish, and so also were the
Freche-rilles.t Probably different members^ of these famUies were
""The first of these coats was also bome by Bisse, Craven, Eastcott, and Shelton.
There was a marriage between Strickland and Philpot in the fifteenth century, but
we have not been able to satisfactorUy account for the presence of this impalement
at Eckington.
t Nichols' Collectanea, passim. There was also a marriage between Darcy and
Freche-viUe at the close of the sixteenth century, when John, son and heir of Michael
Darcy, son of John Baron Darcy of Ashton, married Eosamond, daughter of Sir
Peter FrechevUle of Staveley.

228 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
at one time benefactors to their parish church. The connection
of Darcy and Strangeways with the manor and advowson has been
already fuUy explained. John Lord Darcy, the son of John Lord
Darcy, by Emeline de Heron, married Elizabeth, daughter and
hefress of Nicholas MeyneU. The quartered coats, numbered 11
and 12 above, refer to this match. Hugh de MeynUl of Hilton,
Yorks, bore arms simUar to those there described in the year
1203. The arms that have now for several centuries been borne
by the Meynells (Vafre, arg. and sa.,) are not thefr own, but were
assumed by a subsequent Hugh MeyneU, when he married the
heiress of Ward.-*
Almost aU these shields appear to have been demolished before
1710, for Bassano only describes two quartered coats in the east
vrindow of the south aisle. Bassano further speaks, in the same
place, of the east end of the north aisle as the " Linacre quire,"
and in his volume of pedigrees, also -preserved at the CoUege of
Arms, says — " in the east end of the north aisle of Eckington
church was quire belonging to Linacre famUy, where was their place of
sepulture. But I take Brampton Chesterfield for their most
antient burying place, because the mansion of Linacre their
antient seat is within Brampton." f
The Rev. John Hunter, who examined this chm-ch on May 25th,
1801, mentions that the east window of the chancel then contained
'' the arms of England, Foljambe, and other fragments of old
armoury, and some modern emblems, believed to be the coat of
Dr. Griffiths, formerly rector, presented by the Prince of Wales in
1739." +
Lysons' church notes of 1815 also mention the arms of
England and the lilies of France in the east window, and further
note that a copy of Fox's Booh of Martyrs was chained to a desk
in the chancel. §
The Gentleman's Magazine, for October, 1795, gives an engraving
of Eckington Rectory, with an inaccurate representation of the
* Darcy Pedigree. Harl. MSS. 4031, f. 127.
t Pegge's Collections, vol. -vi, p. 81.
J Hunter's CoUections. Add. MSS. 24,466.
§ Lysons' Church Notes, Add. MSS. 9463. There is a further notice of Eckington
in the Lysons' Correspondence (Add. MSS. 9448, f. 237), which had escaped our
attention when -writing in the text as to the name "Eoger Darcy," in the north
window. The letter in question, dated 6th January, 1817. speaks of the insciiptiou
as " Rogerus Darcy, Eector de Bkynton." If this is a correct reading, it throws sorae
doubt on our appropriation of the inscription to Eoger Darcy of the reign of Edward
III., who was a layman ; unless indeed he held the revenues of the rectory as a lay
rector. We cannot find any other Eoger Darcy of later date mentioned in the
pedigrees, but priests were frequently omitted.

ECKINGTON. 229
church to the right hand. The engraving is accompanied by a
short account of Eckington from the pen of Mr Malcolm, but aU
that he finds to say of the church is, that it is "a good old
building, clean, and in good repafr."
The Taxation Roll of Pope Nicholas IV., taken in 1291, values
the Church of Eckington "cum membris " at £40 per annum.
The Valor Ecclesiasticus, of the 27 Henry VIIL, mentions Sfr James
Strangeways as patron, and Richard HiU as Rector. At that time
the rectory, after the deduction of the Archidiaconal fees, was
valued at £40 13s. 4d.
From the same source we gather the following particulars
relative to the guUds in this Church.
EKYNGTON GILDA BEATE MAEIE.
Fundata per dictum Jacobum Strangeways MiUtem et confratres ejusdem GUde.
Dominus Eobertus Farneham capeUanus dicte glide habet in
pecuniis per annum -

d.

De claro
Decima inde
EKYNGTON- GILDA SANCTE CEUCIS.
Fundata per dictum Jacobum Strangwis MiUtem.
Dominus Johannes Lee capellanus ejusdem gUde habet-in Bkyng-
ton predicta xij cotagia xvj acras terre et prati ix gardina et duas
clausuras ibidem per annum

£

B.

d.

le claro
ecima inde

iiij

vuj vuj

Vll]
X ob'

These particulars would lead us to suppose that these guUds or
chantries were both founded by Sfr James Strangeways ; but accord
ing to the Chantry RoU, they were conjointiy estabhshed as early as
the reign of Richard II. Probably Sir James Strangeways re-
estabhshed them on a wider basis and extended thefr endowments.
The Chantry RoU says : —
" The Gylde of or Blessed Ladye and the Holye Crosse founded
by well disposed persons who gave lands and tenements for finding
of ij prysts to celebrate masse, and to praye for the brethern and
system, and also to helpe towards the mynistrynge of Sacraments
and other Divine Service, for the parisshe is large and divyded into
many hamletts some n or in myles dystannte so that when the
Visitacyon bf God cometh emongiste them the person and his parishe
preste is nott suffyent in tyme of necessite to mynystre there. For
the purchasing of which lands they had lycence of K. Richard II.
dated xvi. Sept. A. Regni xvi. clere xfo'. vd. besydes xxxvs. %jd. in
rente resolute. Jo. Lee and Christ Greene Chauntrye prists. Stock
lxij«. viijrf."

230 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
There is some curious confusion as to the names of these guilds,
for in extracts made from the Ffrst Fruits' Office, we read of
Christopher Greene being chantry priest of St. Mary's GuUd, at
Eckington, on the 11th August, 35 Henry VIIL, and of Robert
Hyde being chantry priest of Trinity* Guild in the same church on
the 2nd November, 34 Henry VIII.
Hunter also quotes a deed, circa 1530, by which Sir James Strange
ways, Custos of the GuUd of the Blessed Mary, Henry  and
Henry WigfaU, Guardians, and Edward Eyre, George KUlinghaU,
WUliam Rotherham, and WUliam Strtngfellow, Confratres, makes a
grant to George Linacre, of Plumley.t
When the Commissioners of the Commonwealth visited Eckington
tn 1650, they reported — "there is one Mr. Gardiner pleading to be
the present incumbent, who is now Proctor in Cambridge. One Mr.
Fairfax is Curatt at Eckington and approved off."i
It is not our practice in these pages to enter into any of the later
history of Church patronage, but an exception may here be made
tn favour of a quotation from the memoranda of Bishop Kennett, §
which explains the extract from the Parliamentary Survey. He
says — " the perpetual advowson was in the Crown, and granted
for 99 years by King Charles II. to Lord PrecheviUe, of Staveley, who
sold the remainder of the term to Dr. Gardiner, whose son, W.
Gardiner, when in possession, mortgaged the right to Mr. Cook, who
on the death of Mr. Gardiner presented Mr. Griffith. The son of
Mr. Gardiner brought his bUl in Chancery in hopes of relief
against the mortgagee, but not being able to raise money to discharge
the debt of £800, he lost the equity of redemption and the tmn of
presentation, and is now a poor drunken curate. "||
Bishop Kennett, who visited Eckington on September 10th, 1723,
also writes: — "At the beginning of the last register (1707) is a
catalogue of all the names of the successive Churchwardens, and the
works done by them : —
" 1707. They altered the beU frames, and hung the beUs anew.
* Hunter's CoUeotions, Add. MSS. 24,460, f. 332.
t Hunter's CoUections, Add. MSS. 24,460, f. 124.
I Pari. Survey of Livings, vol. vi., p. 464.
§ It is said that Dr. "White Kennett, Archdeacon of Huntingdon, obtained preferment
to the Deanery of Peterborough, and subsequently to the Bishopric, by preaching
the funeral sermon of the first Dilke ot Devonshire, at AU Saints', Derby, on Sep
tember 5th, 1707 The sermon, dedicated to the second Duke, was extravagant in its
eulogy of the deceased, who had not Uved the most correct of Uves, and was most
severely handled in The Hazard of a Death-bed Repentance, and other publications
of the Nonjuring party. But these attacks had rather the effect of accelerating than
retarding Kennett's promotion.
II Lansdowne MSS. 972.

ECKINGTON. 231
" 1712. The 1st bell was bought, the steeple pointed, and the
weathercock set up.
" 1713. Set up the sun-dial.
" 1714. Put up vrindow on north side, for light to the pulpit.
"1715. Set up the fane.
" 1717. Opened the north door, and made the new one.
" 1718. Whitened the church, and set up the bequest board. '
" 1719. Set up 2 pinnacles on the upper roof of the south side."
The tower contains a peal of six beUs.'* The tenor, which weighs
eighteen cwt., bears the inscription — Gloria in Excelsis Deo, Anno Dni,
1614. It also bears the monogram I.H.S., the initial letters G. H.,
and the founder's mark. Another beU, which is destitute of any
inscription or date, has the same marks vrith the addition of some
fleurs-de-hs, and a cross vrith four nails between the arms. A third
with the same founder's mark is inscribed — Gloria in Excelsis, 1609.
A fourth bears — Gloria soli Deo 1684. The two others are of the year
1805. There is also in the beU-chamber a small bell much resembUng
what we have more than once in these pages described as a sanctus beU,
but tn this instance it bears the date of 1737, and the initials B.H.F.
It seems probable that it originaUy served the Catholic purpose of a
sanctus beU, but was re-cast at the date above-mentioned and placed
tn its present locality to be used as a service beU. At the time of the
Reformation the use of aU beUs during Service time was strictly pro
hibited, vrith the exception of " Sermon beUs," which were aUowed to
be rung for a few minutes before the sermon, thus affording proof that
in those days it was no unusual thing for part of the congregation to
attend only to hear the sermon, or, what is perhaps more important,
to leave before it commenced. Many of the sanctus beUs were
then removed from their position over the gable of the nave, and
wei-e placed in the belfry to serve as sermon beUs.f
The foUowing quaint lines may be found on a blank page in an
old register of this parish, 1666 — 1695 : —
" Our grandfathers were Papists,
Our fathers OUverians,
"We their sons are Atheists,
Sure our sons -wUl be queer ones."
* Information reaches us, as these pages are going through the press (August, 1875),
that it has been decided to have these beUs broken up and re-cast into a peal of
eight. -f See the Index to the Parker's Society's Publications, v. Bells.

^IraloH.

^Imfon.

|LMTON church is an unsightly Georgian structure, dedi
cated to St. Peter, and consists of a chancel, nave, and
beU turret. But a very old church, dedicated to St.
Peter, formerly stood upon this site. At the time of the Domes
day Survey, mention is made of a priest and a church at Elm
ton. Elmton was one of the five manors held by Walter Deincourt at
that period, and it continued in the same family till the death of
WiUiam, Lord Deincourt, in 1422. The church of Elmton was
given to the priory of Thurgarton, in Nottinghamshire, by Ralph
Deincourt, the founder.^* In the first year of the reign of George
HI. (1760) a Brief was granted for the rebuUding of this church,
and it appears from a date over the porch to have been completed
in the year 1771.
The original Brief is now in the British Museum, t and from it
we take the foUovring interesting extracts, relative to the condition
and size of the church that Was pulled down last century. " Whereas
it hath been represented unto us, as well upon the humble petition
of the minister, churchwarden, and major part of the principal
inhabitants of the parish of Elmton, in the county of Derby, as
also by certificate under the hands of our trusty and weU beloved
WUliam Fitzherbert, Thomas Wright, George Venables Vernon,
PhiUp GeU, and John Simpson, Esqufres, our Justices of the
peace for our said county of Derby, made at their General Quarter
Sessions of the peace held on the 15th July hi the thirty-fourth
year of the reign of our late Royal Grandfather, That the parish
church of Elmton aforesaid is a very large and spacious structure,
consisting of Three Isles and. one Cross Isle vrith the Steeple and
*¦ Ealph Deincourt was the son of "Walter. He founded ThurgSrton in the reign of
Henry II. Thoroton's Nottinghamishi/re, vol. i p. 212.
t The petition of the inhabitants to Quarter Sessions asking the justices to apply
for the Brief, in accordance -with 4 Anne, cap. 14, is among the Derbyshire County
Eecords.

236 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Tower in the centre thereof: That notwithstanding large sums of
money have been laid out and expended for several years past in
repairing both the said Church and Steeple, they are by length of
time become very ruinous and decayed : that part of the steeple
and west end of the Church are fallen down, and so much of the
Church and Steeple as remained are so crooked and bulged in the
foundation and waUs that they cannot any longer be supported
but must be whoUy taken down and rebuilt, &c., &c." The Brief
then proceeds to state that a sworn estimate has been made of
£1288 as the necessary outlay for pulling down and rebuilding the
church, that the inhabitants of Elmton being " chiefly tenants at
rack rents and burdened with numerous poor " are unable to help
themselves aud finally appoints Gilbert Rhodes, Richard Bagshaw,
John Simpson, and Joseph Briggs, Esquires, the Rev. John
(jri-iffith, D.D., the Rev. Francis Bower, Chaworth Hallowes,
Samuel Yates, and John Richardson, clerks, John Nerborn, Thomas
Stevenson, and John Stevenson, gentlemen, and the Churchwardens
of Elmton, to act as trustees for the money collected.
We loould have forgiven them erecting buttresses, even larger
and more clumsy than those to be found at the neighbouring
church of Clown, if only they had preserved to us ^ portion of
tbe old cruciform church.
One memorial of the old church stUl remains under the com
munion table. Mr. Bateman, writing in 1848, describes it as a
slab with a cross fleury engraved on it, and this inscription in text
hand: — "Orate pro anima Roberte Berbi"''' The first hah of
this inscription can be plainly noted written across the stem of the
cross, but the name we failed to decipher. It seemed that there
had been a marginal inscription at one time all round the stone,
but "decbr" and "obiit" were all that we could read.
This slab, one or two gurgoyles, and an ancient piscina are aU the
relics now remaining of the fabric demoUshed tn 1760. This piscina,
we are told, stands in the house of a cottager named Sykes, where
it is now preserved in good condition, though it was formerly used
as a mortar in which to bruise corn. It is described as being
of a large square shape, standing about eighteen inches high.t
* Vestiges of the. Antiquities of Derbyshire, p. 208.
t The Vicar, Eev. Eowland P. Hills, to whom we are indebted for this information,
further informs us that the registers contain no reference which could throw any
light on the size, condition, etc., of the old church. It is generally supposed that the
old building stood somewhat further back than the modern one. There is also a
tradition current in the neighbourhood that there was once a priory at Elmton.
This probably arose from the connection of the church with the priory of Thurgar
ton, and it is possible that there may have been at one time a cell or residence at
Elmton for one or more of the canons of that foundation.

ELMTON. 237
The church of Elmton could not have been appropriated to
Thurgarton by Ralph Deincourt, but merely the advowson presented
to that monastery, for the Taxation RoU of 1291, describes it as
an " ecclesia " worth £8 per annum, and not as a vicarage. But
the tithes must have been subsequently appropriated, for the
Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII. reports it to be a vicarage, with
the Prior of Thurgarton as patron. The following are the parti
culars of the value of the -ricarage at that period : —
ELMBTON yiCAEIA.
Prior de Thurgreton Patroness ibidem.
Dominus Robertus Codgrave Vicarius ibidem habet in communibus annis ut sequitur.
M a. d.
In primis in Mansione cum glebarum terti^ parte ad rectoriam
pertinente
In tertia parte garbarum et feni
In decimis minutis
In decimis tertie partis lane et agneUorum
In pasohaU rotulo
In Oblationibus
In mortuariis et aliis casuaUbus

xxvj

viij

xxxiij

iiij

vi

iiij

xviij '
XX
iij
iiij
iiij
imtna
V xi
viij
procuragio -
X
vij
De claro
V
vUj
Decima inde
X
i ob'.
Unde resoluta est archidiacono Derbie pro scenagio et procuragio
According to the Parliamentary Commission of 1660, the vicarage
was worth ^£5, and the impropriated tithes amounted to £60 per
annum. These latter were held by Mr. Francis Rodes, who found
the minister. The minister was Mr. Deane, " an insufficient man "
Probably the old church was even then out of repafr, for the Com
missioners add, " wee thinke fitt that Elmeton be united to Clowne,
as also that part of Cresswell which belongs to Elmeton."
The turret at the west end of the chm-ch contains three beUs.
The old- ones were taken down in 1845, and recast by C. and S.
Mears, of London. Each bell bears the name of the founders,
and the year of its recasting, and, in addition to this, the first is
inscribed "William Hatfield de Rhodes, Patron;" the second,
"Wilham Senior Salman, Clerk, M.A., Vicar. Robert Roberts,
Robert Butcher, Churchwardens, George Cropper, Parish Clerk ; "
and the thh-d, " John Lonsdale, Bishop of Lichfield. Robeit Augus
tus Shirley, Archdeacon of Derby."
iHHif farftnelL

^J

¦^

Itault ^urhnall.

IHE parish of Hault HucknaU comprises the hamlets of
Stainsby, Ast-with, Hardstaff, and Rowthorn. Though no
mention ie made of Hault HucknaU itseff in the Domesday
Book, the manors of Stainsby, Hardstaff, and Rowthorn are therein
described ; the last of these was then in the hands of Roger de Busli, and
the two former were held by Roger de Poictou, who also o^wned the ad
jacent manors of Heath and Sutton. It is mentioned under Stainsby
(Steinesbi') that " there is a priest, with three bordars * and one acre of
pasture;" there are no remains of any church at Stainsby, -and pos
sibly this was the priest who served the church of the closely adjoin
ing manor of Hault HucknaU, which may havQ escaped mention at
the time of the survey. It is also just possible that the mention of
a priest without a church, tn this and some other instances in the
Domesday Survey, may imply the priest of a domestic chapel
attached to the manor house. But be this as it may, the manor
of Stainsby certainly supported a chaplain in the fourteenth century
and subsequently, when it was in the hands of the Savages. Geof
frey de Langholt and Henry de Stokes in the reign of Edward III.,
and John MorseU in the reign of Richard II. , are mentioned as
chaplains in different Inquisitions. f Moreover, the feast day, or
wakes, is rfegulated by St. Peter's day in this township, in contra
distinction to the remainder of the parish, which lends support to
the tradition of a distinctive chapel at Stainsby.
Lysons states that the church of Hault Hucknall was appro
priated to the priory of Beauchief, but in this he is mistaken, for it
undoubtedly at one time formed a part of the endowment of New-
*The borda/rs of the Domesday Survey were cottage holders, who held their home
steads (bords) -with small parcels of land, on condition of performing certain services
for the lord.
flnq. post Mort. 2 Edw. IH., No. 115"^; 50 Bdw. IIL, pf. 2, No. 31 ; and 8 Eic. IL,
No. 44.

2-12 DEEBYSHIKE CHURCHES.
stead Priory, Nottinghamshire.''' The manor of Rowthorn was also
in possession of this Priory for several centuries. The usual authori
ties are silent as to the dedication of this church, and Dr. Pegge
expressly states his inability to ascertain it, but we know of no
reason to doubt the accuracy of the current impression, that it is dedi
cated to St. John the Baptist.
The church consists of a nave, two side aisles, south porch, and a
tower, near the centre of the buUding, between the nave and chancel.
On entering the church we soon perceive sufficient Norman remains
to justify us m the belief that there was, at any rate, a church here at a
time not far distant from the date of the Domesday Survey. The nave
is separated from a narrow north aisle by two semi-circidar Norman
arches. The west window of the north aisle is a smaU round-headed
light, about two feet long by six inches broad, and deeply splayed on
¦the inside. The other windows of this aisle are much later. At the
east end of the nave, opening under the tower, is a fine Norman arch
way of considerable span. It is ornamented with bold mouldings of
the beak-head and chevron patterns, and with other curious de-rices,
amongst which may be noticed the figure of a camel, two quaint figures
of men, a chalice, a knot resembling the Stafford badge, and various
human faces. The base, too, of the tower seems to be part of the old
building, and after passing underneath it, the chancel is entered by a
high narrow archway with a rounded top entfrely destitute of orna
ment or moulding, t
On the exterior of the church several stones will be noticed by the
practised eye, which show by thefr moulding that they have formerly
served in a Norman buUding. But the most interesting relic of the
old church is the upper part of a now built-up doorway at the west
end of the nave. It consists of the tympanum or semi-cfrcular stone,
which BO often formed the upper part of a Norman doorway. This
tympanum is most quaintly carved with rude mythological figures. It
was considered of sufficient importance, even last century, to merit a
description and an engraving in the Gentleman's Magazine.X It appears
to be in much the same condition now as when then described. To
the observer's right is a tall quadruped with a long tapering neck,
* Pilkington's Derbyshire, vol. U., p. 243. The absence of all mention of Hault
HucknaU in the ChartiUary of Beauchief Abbey (Pegge's Collections, vol. -vii., Col
lege of Arms) is a conclusive proof of Lyson's error.
¦^"VJe have heard, the opinion expressed by a sound archaBologist that this arch may
very likely be one of Saxon structure. 'We do not, however, feel competent to express
an opinion unless the masonry was laid bare throughout, and are inclined to regard
the supposition as unlikely.
J: June, 1799.

HAULT HUCKNALL.

'^^^¦\fj?'-^li"'-- 1/ ¦
=5^-— ^?'>„^;'^| ¦- 'Y,-'. ¦ / ; • /
^ :'.-:^^^^'^^^yf^'4^':^:J

-«j^^', '/''

VifEST DOOaWAY.

FRAGME-NT OF OLD SCREEN.

BauTDiei 5rf, rac'-SirailePiDcess Dedy

HAULT HUCKNALL. 243
somewhat resembling a gfraffe, but the head terminates in a beak, and
each of the legs in claws. The tail twists back between the legs and
behind the back, above which it seems to terminate in a cross set in a
cfrcle. In the right hand corner is another much smaUer quadruped
vrith ears. Down the centre of the stone is a Latin cross with a long
stem ; on the left hand is a centaur, corresponding in size ¦with the
gfraffe-like figure opposite, in one hand it holds a palm branch, with
the other it grasps the cross. If these figures or those described below,
are intended to have any allegorical or other meaning beyond the fact
of being, perhaps, emblematical of the power of the cross, we must con
fess that we are completely puzzled. But comparing it with sculp
tured stones of a simUar date and in simUar positions, which we have
elsewhere seen, we imagine that the subjects merely arose in the
caprice of the artist and the capabihties of the stone.*
Immediately below this is a second oblong stone, which has, we think,
been buUt into a position for which it was not originaUy intended. It
is now in two pieces, but has evidently once formed a single block. To
the right is a large winged dragon vrith a protruding forked tongue.
The tongue almost reaches an upright cross, on the other side of which
is_a man bearing on his left arm a kite-shaped shield, and in his right
hand an extended sword. Below his right arm is what appears to be
another shield, resting on the ground.
The three-hght pointed west window, above these sculptures, is a good
specimen of the Decorated period, to which time, too, belong the three-
pointed arches which separate the nave from the south aisle. The
high-pitch roof of the nave, as weU as of the chancel (though the latter
is partiaUy hid with plaster) is also of the Decorated style. It is con
structed of light-coloured oak, with some bold tracery above the tie
beams. In its general features it closely resembles the recently ex
posed roof of the nave of the adjacent church of North Winfield, and
was doubtless contrived by the same architect.
During the Perpendicular period the church underwent a considera
ble change, by far the ¦ greater part of that which now exists being
attributable to that date. The south porch, aU the square-headed
windows of the south aisle and south chapel, together ¦with the east
wmdow ofthe chancel, the roofs of the aisle, the upper storey ofthe
tower, with its embattled parapet and crocketted pinnacles, and the rest
of the battlements and pinnacles that ornament the south side and the
chancel, are aU of the last style of Gothic architectm-e.
* So far as Derbyshire memorials of a like nature are concerned, this tympanum
may be weU compared ¦with the tympana of the churches of Hognaston and Parwich,
aud with the curious figures incised on the font at Tissington.

244 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
At the end of the south aisle there are two steps down to the lower
level, and the aisle is then eontinued past tbe tower in the centre,
and pa,raUel to the chancel, with both of which are communicating
archways. One, or perhaps, two chapels are thus formed. Here,
against the south wall is the upper part of the old font, circular, mas
sive, and plain. Its diameter is two feet six inches, the depth of bowl
thfrteen inches, and the total depth nineteen. In the modern vestry,
to the north of the chancel, is a banished pUaster abomination which
long acted as its substitute, and close to the main entrance is a hand
some solid modern font made after a Norman design ; but stUl we can
not but regret to see the original one, with all its hallowed associations,
lying here unused. Here, too, is a massive old oak bench (that makes
us stUl more regret the high pews of a greater part of the interior), to
gether with a handsome fragment of oak carving, a portion, we sup
pose, of a former screen. Here, also, is a post-reformation memorial
which cannot be passed over in sUence. Beneath a plain black marble
slab .are the bones of that fine old philosopher, Thomas Hobbes, whose
thoughts being a century or more tn advance of his contemporaries,
gained him the title of atheist. Notwithstanding the aristocratic afr
thathe breathed, his principles were sternly democratic* His princi
pal phUosophic work was the celebrated Leviathan, but he is better
known to Derbyshire readers as the author of a descriptive Latin poem
called " De Mirabilibus Pecci." It is said that shortiy before his death
he desired that his sole epitaph should be " The PhUosopher's Stone,"
but the foUowing inscription is now above his remains : —
" Condita hic sunt ossa Thomas Hobbes, Malmesburiensis, qui per
multos aunos servivit duobus DovoniaB Comitibus patri et filio. Ver
* This sentence stands as it originaUy appeared, but it is only fair to the memory of
Thomas Hobbes to give the following jeu d' esprit, from the peu of a Uterary gentle
man weU quaUfied to write on metaphysical subjects, which appeared in the." Local
Notes and Queries " of the Derbyshire Times, immecUately after the pubUcation of the
notes on Hault HucknaU Church : —
" I, Thomas Hobbes, cannot submit to misrepresentation of any sort, especially at
the hands of one who seems favourably disposed towards me. I therefore beg, Mr.
Editor, that you ¦wiU inform the -writer of the Notes on Derbyshire Churches, that I
am not altogether the fellow he takes me for. ^When I foresaw the coming of the
great rebellion, I took myseU to Paris, and there taught mathematics to the young
Prince Charles : this was not the action of a ' democrat.' Again, in my Leviathan, I
so set forth the right of the king, as weU spiritual as temporal, not only by general
reasonings, but by the authority of the Holy Scriptures, as to make it evident that
there would not be any permanent peace anywhere in the Christian world, unless his
doctrine were received, or there were a sufficiently strong army to estabUsh peace by
force. Democrat John Milton thought aud spoke otherwise. In one passage I
made a fair comparison of the respective advantages of Monarchy, Aristocracy, and
Democracy; and -with most incontestable justice assigned the palm to Monarchy. I
was no democrat, as democrats were held in those days ; what I might be now, if they
would lift up that piece of marble, which weighs so hea-dly on my breastbone, that I
can hardly form two ideas, is another question. If you want to know what I was, read
me. There ! THOMAS HOBBES (Deceased)."

HAULT HUCKNALL. 245
probus, et fama eruditionis domi forisque bene cognitus. ObUt Anno
domini 1679, mensis Decembris die 4, setatis suae 91."
At the east end of the south chapel is a heavy sarcophagus-hke
tomb to the memory of Anne, daughter of Henry Kighley, and who
of WUliam, the first Earl of Devonshfre. She died in 1628. Above
this memorial is a four-light window containing some good remnants
of old glass. In the upper part of the first light is a draped female
figure with the hands clasped, of which the head is missing ; in the
second Ught is a figure of Christ on the cross, of which the head,
arms, and waist are stUl perfect, above the head is a star having
an eye in the centre ; the thfrd contains a man with long hair and
a glory round his head ; and the fourth is a figure of a man (of
which, part of the crown above the head is left) with an arrow tn his
right hand. Beneath the barbed point of the arrow the figures of
seven smaU children are clustered.* Below this series of figures has
run an inscription, shovring that this was a memorial window. AU that
is now left are the disjointed words — "bono — Johis — cccc vicessimo."
Below this again are four smaU compartments at the base of the win
dow. In the one to the left are two female figures kneeUng at desks
vrith open books. They wear pedimented head-dresses, and have
royal coats of arms embroidered on thefr mantles. Part of the charge
is missing, but it now is as foUows: — Quarterly of four: 1 and 4
grand quarters, France and England quarterly ; 2, three lions ram
pant ; 3, blank. The second light has an impaled shield, the dexter
side arg., a saltire, az. ; the sinister side blank. The thfrd has a man
in a blue mantle kneeling at a desk, and the fourth two figures
similarly placed and clad. The blue tn these figures is particularly
rich and deep. This must be the window described in the Visitation
of Derbyshfre by the Norroy Zing of Arms, Richard St. George. He
risited the Church of Hault HucknaU on the 22nd of August, 1611,
and gives the foUowing account of the arms then extant in the win
dows : — "England, on a chief, az., a religious buUding, a woman
holding a crosier, or. Under it — 'Orate pro bono statu Ricardi
Pauson Vicarii istius ecclesise.'
" Upon a man kneeling these arms — Quarterly; 1st and 4th arg.
a pale lozengy, sa. (Savage) ; 2nd, or, on a fess, az., three garbs pro
per ; 8rd, a chevron between three martlets. Under it — ' Orate pro
* "We have consulted the Eev. F. C. Husenbeth's work on the Emblems of Saints,
and other authorities, but can meet ¦with no description that exactly talUes with this
crowned figure, -with the arrow (or barb) and children. If it was not for the children,
we should suppose it to represent St. Edmund, the Martyr King.

246 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
bono statu Johis Savage militis et Elizabetha uxoris ejus, qui me
fieri fecerimt. A.D. 1527.'
"Upon a woman kneeling — Quarterly: 1st and 4th, France and
England on a fess vrithin a bordure, Gobone (Somerset) ; 2nd, Her
bert ; 3rd, WoodvUle.
" Under the arms of Hardvrick impaling a broken coat—' Orate pro
bono statu Johis Hardwick Generosi et uxoris ejus.' "*
The John Hardwick here mentioned would be the father of Eliza
beth, Countess of Shrewsbury. He died in 1528, and left issue by
EUzabeth, daughter of Thomas Leake, one son and four daughters.
The son, John, married three times, but died without issue. The
daughters and co-heiresses were — Jane, married to Godfrey BosweU ;
Mary, married to Richard Wingfield ; Ahce, married to Francis Leche,
of Chatsworth ; and Ehzabeth, who brought the manor of Hardwick
to her second husband, Sfr WUUam Cavendish, from whence it has
descended to the Dukes of Devonshfre.
The manor of Stainsby came into the famUy of Savage in the reign
of King Johujt and continued to be held by them tUl about 1580,
when John Savage conveyed it to Lord ChaneeUor Bromley, by whom
it was in turn conveyed to the Cavendishes. The arms of Savage, of
Stainsby, were, ar^r., six Uons rampant, sa. / but about the middle of
the fourteenth century Sir John Savage married Margaret, -daughter
and heiress of Sfr Thomas Daniers (or Daniel), of Clifton, in Cheshfre,
afterwards caUed Rock-Savage. Sir John Savage removed to
Cheshfre, leaving a younger branch in possession of Stainsby ; but
after a time the Derbyshfre estate reverted to the elder branch. Sfr
Thomas Daniers had married the daughter and heiress of Robert
Chedel, of Chedel, whose arms were arg., a fess indented, gu., and
Sir John Savage used his own coat impaling Daniers and Chedel
quartered. Doth the Daniers and the Savages at the time of this
match were entitled to various quarterings of important famUies, and
amongst, others, that of Walkinton, gu., a che-vron between three
martlets, or ; for Sfr John Savage, of Stainsby, the grandfather of
Sfr John who married Daniers, married Alice, the hefress of that
famUy. The descendants dropped the Savage arms, and assumed
* Harl. MSS. 1093, f. 7 ; 1486, f . 10 ; and 6809. Topographer, vol. iU., p. 324.
t Eot. Chart. 1 John, pt. 2, No. 16 (when the Savages bore the name of "Walkelin,
or ¦WalkeUn de Savage). Eot. Lit. Claus. 16 John, pt. 3, No. 3 and 4 (Eobert le
Savage held both Stainsby and Eowthorn); 4 Hen. III., No. 6. Inq. post Mort.
3 Bdw. I., No. 13 ; 4 Edw. I., No. 16 ; 5 Edw. IL, No. 48 ; 43 Bdw. IH., No. 2, 26.
Quo ¦Warranto EoUs, 4 Edw. IH. Abbrev. Eot. Orig., 44 Edw. III., No. 7, etc., etc.
Any one consulting the Indexes to the numerous early folio pubUcations of the Eecord
Commission -with regard to the manor of Stainsby might be deceived, as several
entries are erroneously made under Notts, instead of Derbyshire.

HAULT HUCKNALL. 247
those of Daniers, as the more honourable. Sir John Savage, the
fourth tn descent from tho Daniers match, married Dorothy, daughter
and hefress of Sfr Ralph Vernon, of Shipbrook, whose arms were,
or, on a fess, az., three garbs, proper.''' Thefr son, Sfr John, married
Anne, daughter and heiress of Sir Ralph Bostock. In one of the
Harleian manuscripts occurs the following note : — " In an old pedigree
which I have seen I find Sfr John Savage, Knight of the Garter,
married Vernon, and Sfr John his son. Knight of the Garter, slane at
BoUen (Boulogne) married Bostock — to beare these arms, and not
the lions, quartered, 1st and 4th, Savage, fusUly; 2nd, Vernon ; 8rd,
Walkinton.t This, it wUl be noted, is precisely the coat described
in the Visitation, as being above the inscription mentioning Sfr John
Savage and EUzabeth his wife. Sir John, who married Elizabeth,
and who erected the vrindow in Hault HucknaU Church in 1527, was
the son of the previous Sir John by Anne Bostock. His wife Eliza
beth was of Royal Uneage, and hence the arms that even now remain
in the window. Elizabeth was the daughter of Charles Somerset,
Earl of Worcester, and Herbert and WoodvUle were two of the
principal quarterings to which the Somersets were entitied, but it
would be needlessly straying from our subject to enter upon the
elaborate and noble genealogy of that family.
It was thefr son, Sir John Savage, who sold the estates at
Stainsby. J He married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Manners,
Earl of Rutland, and died in 1597.
On the floor of the chancel, in front of the Communion raUs, is a
slab of gritstone into which is let an oblong brass plate, with an in
scription in raised letters. Above this is the matrix from which a
smaU brass figure has been at some time torn. The effigy must have
been twelve inches long by five-and-a-half in breadth. It is to the
memory of the vicar, Richard PaUison (or Pauson), whose name
formerly appeared on one of the windows. The following is a literal
copy of the inscription : — " Orate pro aia domini Ricardi PaUison
ricarii istius qui obiit die qua vocavit eu dus post annu dm Milesimu
quingentesimu tricesimu sextimu Cujus aie ppicietm- de A." It
seems from this singular way of stating the date of his death, which
we have not noticed elsewhere, that the vicar died on some day sub-
*Harl. MSS., 2094, ff. 40, 42, etc.
tHarl. MSS., 4031, f. 260 note.
X Further references to the family of Stainsby will be found under the Churches of
Sutton Scarsdale and North ¦Winfield. The manor also of Hard-wick, in this parish,
was held by Savage in the thirteenth century.

248 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
sequent to the year 1536. If then we rightly interpret this brass, it
must have been laid down at a later date, when friends had forgotten
the precise time of his decease. The word "ecclesise" seems also to
have been omitted between "istius" and "qui." The word is sup
phed in the Visitation of 1611, but the inscription, both there and in
Bassano's notes, is given most erroneously.
Close to this slab, forming another paver of the floor, is the old
altar stone, vrith the smaU incised crosses of consecration.
Of other detaUs in the interior, it only remains to note that there is
a small recess or almery to the right hand at th§ east end of the south
chapel, and another in a similar position at the east end of the north
aisle, pointing in each case to side altars. Against the south waU,
too, of the chancel is a piscina without any supervening niche, simply
formed of what looks hke the hoUowed capital of a smaU Early
EngUsh pillar. The shaft through which the drain probably ran
has disappeared, and it now projects from the waU without any other
support. A portion of the plaster, with which the waUs are thickly covered,
has Tecently been removed from above the rounded arches on the
north side of the nave, and some remains of chocolate-coloured
diapered patterns exposed.
The tower contains a peal of five bells, which bear the foUowing
inscriptions : —
I. " Jesus be our spede, 1590." The beU mark has the initials
H. 0., of Henry Oldfield, so common in Derbyshire.
II. " God save his church, 1615."
III. "D. Hedderly Founder," and below the haunch, the initials
D. H.
IV. " I.H.S. Nazarenus Rex Judseorum, 1664." The beU mark is
that of George Oldfield.
The Taxation RoU of 1291, describes the Church of "HokenhaU"
as being worth £8 per annum ; and though not then apparently a
vicarage, a considerable portion of its tithes (£6 13s. 4d.) were even
then appropriated to the " Mon. de Novo Loco" (Newstead).
The Valor Ecclesiasticus, of 27 Henry VIIL, speaks of the Prior of
Newstead as patron, and of " Dominus Richardus Palson " as vicar.
The endowments of the vicarage of Hault HucknaU at that date are
thus particularised : — £ 8. d.
In Mansione cum crofto et duabus aciis terre x
In decimis feni - - xxxiij iiij
In decimis lane et agneUorum xvj
In decimis minutis xxij

£

s.
xiij
xxvj ij

d.
iiij
¦viij

vj

iij iij

iiij

vj

iiij

HAULT HUCKNALL, 249
In oblationibus -
In paschaU rotulo
In decimis molendini Summa
Unde resoluta ArcTiidiacono Derbie pro senagio et procuragio
De claro
In 1544 the impropriate rectorial tithes were granted to Francis
Leake, who held a large number of similar benefices. When this
church was visited by the Parliamentary Commissioners tn 1650, they
reported that the vicarage was worth £29 10s. Od. per annum, and
that one Thomas Wilson was the incumbent, " a cavalier, drunkard,
and insufficient." The hamlet of Senor also provided 13s. 4d. in
vicarial tithes, but the Commissioners recommended that it should be
united to North Winfield.

pfll^g.

I?pa1^$,

|HE parish church of Heath, alias Lovme or Lund, was
given to the Abbey of Croxton at the time of its founda
tion in 1162, and the great tithes continued to be ap
propriated by that abbey until the time of the dissolution of the
monasteries. Subsequently the advowson was given by Queen
Mary to the bm-gesses of Derby. The manor, also, of Heath was
ecclesiastical property, for it was bestowed by Robert de Ferrers
on the monks of Gerendon, in Leicestershire. When the monks
were deprived of their property it was probably granted to the
family of Shrewsbmy, for the Earl of Shrewsbury was possessed
of the manor of Heath in 1588.
The benefice of Heath was one of the numerous sinecures held
by Dr. Pegge, the Derbyshfre antiquary, and he made the following
contribution to the history of the parish when Mr. Nichols was
compUing his records of Leicestershire : — "*
Whittington, June .17th, 1793.
Deab Sib, — The best account I cau give you of my -vicarage of Lowue, alias
Heath, is as foUows : — In Domesday-book it is caUed Lune ; and in the Valor, 129 1 ,
at Lichfield, Lound, from which last I presume Lowne may be a corruption. It
consisted formerly of two parts;, hence in Domesday we read "in Lune duabus
habet StainuU," &c., that is in both Lunes, i^'c. Lo-wne and Heath are mentioned as
distinct places, fourteen of B lizabeth, when licence was granted to Gervase Nevill
to aUenate the manor of Eowthorne and all the messuages in Eowthorne, GlapweU,
Heath, Lound, Harstofte and TibsheUe " to Eobert Eoakby and his heirs : and again,
fifteenth of Elizabeth, when James Hard-wicke had licence to alienate the manor of
"Eowthorne -with its appurtenances in HucknaU, Heath, Lound aud Tibshelfe" to
Nicholas Hardwicke. Hence we plainly see how the alias comes in. Lound is ex
pressly caUed a church or rectory in the "Valor of 1291 ; but had been before that
appropriated to the abbey of Croxton, co. Leicester, though I cannot tell when nor
by whom. The rectory continued -with the abbey till the dissolution of that house
(Fii'st Fruits' Office, 1535), but Queen Mary, Anno 1 granted the advowson to the
baUiffs and burgesses of Derby in these terms : " Advocationem, donationem Uberam
dispositionem, and jus patronatus vioariss ecclesite de Lo-wne, alias diet Hethe," but
when it came out from them to the Cavendishes, who have it now, and have had it
for many years, is to me unknown; but I should suppose by exchange, as an object
desirable to them, being so near to Hardwicke, and all the parish excepting two
farmes belonging to them. However, one of this family retaining the advowson,
returned the great tythes by giving them to the then vicar and his successors ; so
that Heath is now a rectory, or if you will, a -vicarage endowed. If Lune of Domes
day were out of the way, I liave a conceit that Lound might be a corruption of Lond,
as if one of the divisions of this parish might be Land or arable and the other
Brueria, or heath, and it ia certain that at this day they wiU often caU this place
The Heath. I am. Sir,
Your truly afEectionate and obliged Servant,
SAMUEL PEGGE.
¦• Nichols' Leicestershire, vol. ii., pt. 1, p. 151, note. Pegge's Collections, vol v. p. 17.

"IJ

.HI

XXIIIJ

m.l

VllJ

VI

VIIJ

VIJ

UIJ

lix

viij

V ix X

iiij vij

iiij xviij ix

V
xob'.

254 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
To this it may be added that the Valor or Taxation Roll of
1291, estimates the value of "Lund" church at £4 18s. 4d. The
Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII. gives fuU particulars respectfrig
the endowments of this vicarage, among which may be noticed
the very unusual feature of an augmentation of grain from the
greater tithes. LO^WNB ALIAS HEBTH VICAEIA.
[Abbas de Croxton Patronus.
Dominus Nicholaus StriUey ¦vicarius ibidem in communibus aunis habet nt sequitur.
£ B. d.
In primis in Mansione - -
Item in decimis feni
Item in paschaU rotulo
Item in oblationibus
Item in decimis lane et agneUorum -
Item in decimis minutis et Mortuaries ¦ - -
Item in augmeutatione videlicet tria quarteria frumenti (wheat)
vj c^uarteria secalis (rye) sex modios ordei (barley) decem quar-
teria avene (oats) et quinque modios pisarum (pease) Summa
Unde resoluta Archidiacono Derbie pro scenagio et procuragio De claro
Decima indo
The Parliamentary Commissioners of 1650 valued the living at
£55 per annum. Mr. Thomas Keyes was tben incumbent, and the
Commissioners, by way of an exception, abstained from expressing
any opinion as to his character.
There is no church mentioned at Heath at the time of the
Domesday Survey, and it was probably erected in tho first instance
only a short period before the foimdatiou of the Abbey of Croxton.
The old church was situated about a quarter of a mile cast of tbe
present vUlage of Heath, and it must have stood in solitary state
for many a long year before its demolition. But here, doubtless,
was tbe village of Lowne or Lund, and it was not till the cultivation
of the moorland or heath commenced, that the houses gradually
climbed to the summit of the hUl, and took to themselves the
name by which they are now almost invariably designated. This
church, dedicated like its successor in honour of All Saints, was
puUed down, with the exception of the porch, in 1862, and the
new one built in the midst of the viUage.
We have not succeeded in gaining any knowledge of the old
fabric prior to the year 1710, or thereabouts, when the church
was visited by Francis Bassano, the heraldic painter of Derby,
and from his manuscripts we extract the foUowing notes, not hitherto
pubhshed, as Ulustrative of the condition of the buUding at that
date. " Over the porch door is a crucifix in stone. Within the

HEATH. 255
porch on the east side is Christ ou the cross cut in stone. The
church was uew seated tn 1701. The pulpit, with canopy newly
rcbuUt, to which chai'ge the Vicar, Edward EeveU, gave ten pounds.
Cut on one beam of the north aisle — 4 fusUs in pale ; on another
beam — a porcuphie. In a south window of the church is — 4 fusUs,
gules, a crescant. In a west window the monogram (B. M. inter
laced) for beata Maria. Overhead out of the church into the
chancel — 4 fusUs iu pale — varry of 6 pieces — gules — lyon rampant
within border ingraUed, or, (impaling) argent, a saltire ingraUed,
aud upon a chief, azure, 8 cinque-foUs, and over them an Earl's
coronet (Shrcwsbiu-y). Towards the south end of this line is another
impaled coat iu colours — argent, 4 fusUs in pale, gules ; impaling,
a chief varry and a bend."
Tbis information is chiefly heraldic, but fortunately there are two
sketches extant, one in water colours and the other iu pen and
ink, of the old church. *
Both of these sketches give a south view of the church, the
one in water-colom-s containing more details, and fr-om these it
appears that the old church consisted of a nave, chancel, north
aisle, tower at the west end, and south poi-ch. The roof of the
nave w;is covered with lead and that of the chancel wdth stone.
There were two square-headed Perpendicular windows, lighting the
uave on the south side, aud, fr-om this and other detaUs, it is
erident that the nave was extensively altered, and probably re-
roofed, at the end of the fifteenth or beginning of the sixteenth
centm-y. A pointed window hi the south waU of the chancel was
of tbe Decorated style prevailing in the early half of the fourteenth
century. The tower at the west end, adorned at the summit with
pinnacles of anything but a gothic design, was, we ai-e told, rebuUt
some fifty years before its final demolition, aud its general appear
ance in the sketches fuUy bears out such a supposition.f
The porch stiU stands in the old churchyard in its original posi
tion, and out of the materials of the old buUding a smaU adjunct
has been ereeted, about twice the size of the porch, which is used
as a mortuary chapel. This chapel is Ughted by a thi-ee-hght
square-headed -u-indow at the north end, perhaps one of the windows
* These sketches are in the possession of the Eev. H. Cottingham, the Vicar of
Heath, aud Hault HucknaU, to whose com-tesy we are indebted for several pai-ticulars
relative to both these churches.
tThe Eev. J. Hunter, who -visited this church about the commencement of the
present century, says — "The upper part of the steeple is made of wood, and has a
leaded spire like Chesterfield, but not very liigh. It appears verv ancient." Hun
ter's CoUections, Add. MSS, '."l,!!?, f. 21.

256 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
from the south side of the old nave. BuUt into the east wall is a
small stone, upon which is rudely chiseUed the foUovring inscrip
tion : — " John HUl,
Henery Bean,
Chorchwardens, 1622."
This must point to the date at whieh certain alterations, more
or less extensive, were made in the old fabric. Indeed, repafrs aud
alterations seem to have been frequent up to the time of its final
overthrow, for in 1846 the church of Heath is described as "recently
improved." ''= The roof of the mortuary chapel is evidently con
structed of beams and rafters that were used in the old building,
and we think it most probable that they formed part of the roof
of the (dianceL To one of these beams a shield is affixed, partly
broken, and upside down, bearing three fusUs in pale, and another
one has a unicorn's head erased carved in relief. The shield of three
or four fusUs in pale, more correctly described as a pale fusiUy, be
longs to the family of Savage of Stainsby, and is to be noted cut
in stone, on the south aisle of North Winfield Church. This must
be the same shield noted by Bassano. The simUar coat formerly
in the window, belonged , also to the Stainsbys, having a crescent
for diflference, to mark a younger branch of the family. The Savages
being for many centuries opulent lords of the adjacent manors of
Stainsby, Rowthorn, and Hardwick, were probably benefactors to
the Church of Heath, and hence their arms within its precincts.t
A unicorn's head, erased, was the Savage crest, or rather the
Daniel crest adopted in the fourteenth century ; and the porcupine
noted by Bassano, was the crest of another of thefr alliances. J The
impaled coat of Shrewsbury surmounted by an earl's coronet,
described by Bassano as being over the chancel arch, is stUl pre
served at the vicarage. It represents the impalement of Shrews
bury vrith Hardwick, George - Talbot, sixth Earl of Shrewsbury was
married to the celebrated "Bess of Hardwick" (her fourth hus
band). She was the daughter and hefr of John Hardvrick. George
Talbot died in 1590.
Over the window of this buUding is another piece of wood carv-

* Bagshawe's Directory of Derbyshire, p. 649.
t See the account of the Sa
forth -Winfleld.
X Harl. MSS. 2094, f. 40, -etc.

t See the account of the Savage famUy, under Hault HucknaU, and also under
North -Winfleld.

|;'Mi i\i

ill.,,:

)KClgED SLAB
HEATH OUtoCHURtH

J^ffiiDiR Sc 5diis lat -Siipjle Process Dediy

HEATH. 257
ing from the old church. Upon its surface is represented, com
mencing from the right, an angel -with open wings, holding an
uncharged shield — a winged beast with "a face as a man'' — a quatre
foU flower or rose— a -winged lion — another angel with shield. This
is a portion we should suppose of the lower part of the old rood
screen, and when perfect would have also pourtrayed a winged ox,
and a winged eagle ; these being the four emblems of the evangel
ists, taken from the Apocalyptic -risions. The round stone font of
the former church has recently been placed in this chapel, but the
mouldings show it to be of post-Reformation date. The flooring is
chiefly composed of monumental stones, though there are no in
scriptions that take us back further than the commencement of the
last century, but there is built into the west wall an oblong sepul
chral slab of much interest. This incised slab, found, we believe,
when the old church was pulled do^wn, is evidently as old as the
original foundation of the church, i. e., of the twelfth century. It
is difficult to describe it without an iUustration, but we believe it
to be unique, or nearly so, of its kind, and we search in vain for
anything resembling it in the works of Cutts, BouteU, and others,
who treat of these early sepultures. We know of no other instance
of so early a date in which any attempt has been made to describe
the human figure on an incised sepulchral slab. A portion of the
top of the slab, -with the summit of the central cross, seems to be
missing. Of this central cross the stem consists of two incised
lines lacking any base or " Calvary." The right and left arms of
this cross are circles containing a muUet or star of six points.
Below the one on the dexter side is another circle with a star of
four points. Below this again, the feet on a level with the base of
tbe cross, is a rudely conceived figure in a long dress with a
crowned head, holding a sceptre or staff surmounted by a cross.
On the sinister side of the central cross are two equaUy riide
figures facing each other, the one extending a bag or purse to the
further figm:e, whose head is either graced with a very aquUine
nose, or else is intended to be that of a bird. From between them
rises a Latin cross, at the top of which is incised a cfrcle, divided
into quarterings, two of which might be described in heraldic
phraseology, that did not exist when this .stone was carved, as
fretty, and the other two each contain three crosses. We hope by
this description to direct the attention of antiquaries to this stone,
and perchance obtain some reasonable solution of its meaning.
It now remains to notice the porch, which was not disturbed

258 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
from its old position when the nave, chancel, and tower, were aU
removed in 1852. Over the entrance may sttU be noticed the small
stone crucifix, much defaced and worn, that attracted the attention
of Bassano in 1710. The pointed arch of the entrance, as is shown
by the mouldings- of the capitals of the jambs, is of the Decorated
style, which places its date not later than the fourteenth century,
but the materials of the porch are of a conglomerate character,
and, perhaps it was put tbgether as it now stands, in the Perpen
dicular period, when the nave was re-modelled. Two battered heads
that have served as brackets or terminations to a drip-stone, pro
ject one on each side of the entrance, and are as old or older than
the archway, whUst the crucifix, from its large hands and rude
construction, may be included -with the remnants of Norman work.
The sides and jambs of the inner doorway that lead into the church
are composed of stones, one and all ornamented with the che^vron
moulding peciUiar to Norman art, though there is a considerable
dissimilarity in the pattern. These stones were not originaUy
carved for thefr present position, but have at one time formed a
portion of a round Norman arch of no Uttle magnitude, simUar to
that at the adjacent church of Hafdt HucknaU, and leading, pro
bably, like that one, from the nave to the chancel. Against the east
side of the porch is buUt in the larger crucifix, also mentioned by
Bassano. The stone, upon which this figure is out in strong relief,
tapers towards the feet, and is about four feet in height, by about
three feet in width across the arms. To assign a use or original
position for this stone is not a little difficult, for both its shape
and subject forbids us to entertain the idea of its ha^ring served as a
coffin lid, and its shape seems also to forbid the supposition that
it once formed the reredos of an early altar. We cannot help
thinking we have hit on the right conjecture in assigning it to the
position of keystone to the old archway leading into the chancel,
of which the stones with the chevron mouldings may have formed
component parts.
The three bells that were in the tower of the old church have
been removed to a simUar position in its successor. They are in
scribed as foUows : —
I. " Anno Domini, 1847. God save His Church."
II. " Ihc. Gloria in excelsis Deo," round the haunch tn Lom
bardic capitals. Beneath the " Ihc," is the founder's mark — G.H.,
with a fylfot cross below.
III. "God save His Church. 1704," in Roman capitals, round
the haunch.

Htllamflpsf.

KiHamarslJ*

|T the time of the taking of the Domesday Survey, there
appear to have been two manors at KUlamarsh (Chine-
wold Maresc), one belonging to Ascoit Musard, and the
other to the King's Thanes. Of the succeeding owners of these
manors no consecutive account has been preserved ; but in the
reign of King John a manor was held in KUlamarsh by Phihp
de Dovecote, and also in the foUowing reign by CecUy MeyneU.
There is also record of Hugh, the son of WiUiam de Kinwald-
marsh, holding a manor here in the time of Edward II. Sub
sequently there is no record extant of any other manor than
that which was held tn the reign of Henry III. by the famUy
of Hathersage,'*' and which passed in moieties to thefr repre
sentatives the GoushiUs and the Longfords. Nicholas, son and heir
of Sfr Nicholas de Longford, Knight, held four messuages, forty
acres of land, ten acres of meadow, and forty shUUngs rent with
the appurtenances of the King in capite by the service of findin'g
a horse of the value of five shiUings, a sack, and a pryk (or spur),
for the space of four days whenever it should happen that the
King's Army made war in Wales.t Ralph de Longford died seized
of a moiety of this manor in 1513, and Sir WtUiam HoUes died
seized of the other moiety in 1542. J There seems to have been
no church here at the time of the Domesday Survey, but one must
have been erected shortly afterwards. We may certainly conclude
that there was one when PhUip de Dovecote held the manor.
* Calend. Rot. Chart. 33, Henry IH. No. 1.
t Blount's Antient Tenures (first edition) p. 17. Fines 1 Eic. II. The same
tenure prevaUed at an earUer date than the instance quoted by Blount. See Abbre-V.
Eot. Orig. 33 Edw. I. No. 14, where the spur is rendered stimulo ; 30 Edw. III.
pryk; 47 Ed,w. III. prik, etc., etc. See also Lysons' Derbyshire, p. 144, note, where
he says that it is elsewhere spelt brochea.
X We might have written many pages on the descent of the manor of Killamarsh,
embodying a good deal of matter that has not yet been published, but we thought it
better to abstain, as it has no immediate bearing on the history of the church.

262 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
KUlamarsh was formerly but a parochial chapelry of Eckington,
and tbe living was annexed to the rectory of the mother church
untU 1843, when by an Order of CouncU, dated June 10th, tn pur
suance of tbe plans of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, it was
declared to be an independent rectory. The Taxation RoU of 1291
only takes account of KUlamarsh under the humble title of Ecking
ton cum membro, nor has the Valor Ecclesiasticus any distinctive
notice. The Parhamentary Commission of 1650, reported that
Killamarsh was a parochial chapefry worth .£50 a year, and that
it ought to be united -with the hamlet of SpinkhUl, worth £10, and
made an independent parish church.
The church, dedicated to St. GUes, consists of nave, chancel,
south porch, and embattled tower. The porch is entered by a
rounded -wooden doorway, but the doorway into the chancel itself
is a good specimen of Norman work, and is ornamented with a
double row of chevron mouldings. The jambs are worked into
semi-detached pillars or shafts, whose capitals are carved with clearly
cut foliage. The nave is a plain building, unlighted on the north
side, and having windows of the Perpendicular period on the south
side. The roof possesses some features of interest. Judging from
the mouldings we should date it circa 1450. It is a pointed roof
supported by six tie-beams, the bosses tn the centre of which are
handsomely carved. The waU plates are embattled and further
adorned with four-leaf flowers, with which also the struts are orna
mented. Similar carving may be noticed on the roof of the porch.
Large stone corbels project some distance from the wall, but are
of no actual use, as the tie-beams rest immediately on the waU
itself The chancel is a modern erection in the Decorated style,
¦with a high pitched roof, having been buUt by the rector shortly
after its separation from Eckington. It is completely out of har
mony ¦with the rest of the church. In a small ¦window in the south
waU of the chancel is some fine old glass representing the Virgin
and Child. The figure is about two feet six inches high, and
appears cro^wned, holding a sceptre in the right hand. The Infant
holds a lock of her hafr in both his hands. On a scroU -which
runs across the figure is inscribed " Sancta Maria." We were
told that this glass was formerly in the east ¦window of the old
chancel, but this is not Ukely to have been the case, as it was in
a south window of the chancel when Bassano ¦risited the church
about 1710. In the east window of the chancel there was then a
shield bearing az., 3 muUets of 6 points, or. This was a coat at

KILLAMARSH. 263
one time borne by Whittington, of the adjacent manor of Whit
tington. In the ¦window of the nave nearest the porch there are several
diamond-shaped quarries of old glass, in yellow and white, bearing
trefoUs, fleur-de-Us, &c.
At the time of the rebuUding of the chancel two old monu
mental slabs came to light, which are now preserved by being
buUt into the wall of the vestry on each side of the fire-place.
They are neither of them quite perfect, and are about four feet in
length by fifteen inches at the top. The floriated cross at the head
is similar in design in each of them, and is thrown into rehef by
cutting away the remaining part of the stone within the cfrcle to
the depth of about half-an-inch. The stem of the cross merely
consists of incised lines. One of these slabs has the symbol of
the shears inscribed on the sinister side of the cross, and the
other one has a broad-headed axe laid across it. The former sym
bol has afready been discussed in these pages, and it is usual to
attribute the latter memorial to the grave of the -vUlage carpenter.
This is done by Bateman in his Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derby
shire, in describing a somewhat similar slab among the interesting
coUection of these memorials at Chelmorton ; but there can be httle
doubt that these slabs marked the resting place of men of more
importance than a mere woodman or carpenter. It is more natural
to suppose that it represents the weapon of a man-at-arms or a
knight. There is another instance of this kind among the Bake-
well slabs, and a knight using an axe precisely similar in shape
occurs in the Romaunt d'Alexandre (1344). ¦* There are also
several like instances among the figures of the celebrated Bayeux
tapestry. On the west side of the porch, part of the stone bench
appears to be formed, judging from the moulded edge, of a frag
ment of an old stone coffin lid ; and also a portion of the step
out of the porch. The date of the slabs in the vestry cannot weU
be put later than the thfrteenth, and may possibly pertain to the
twelfth century.
The font is modern, and there are no detaUs of much interest
tn the church, though perhaps a word might be said of the un
usuaUy early bequests inscribed on the Parish Charity Board which
is affixed to the walls. The earUest is that of WiUiam Hewitt,
cutier, who left in 1480 a rent charge of 15s. yearly out of the
* Cutts' Manual of Sepulchral Slabs, pp. 43, 60. BouteU's Christian Monuments,
p. 99.

264 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Town Close. Then comes WiUiam Hewitt, 1599, clothworker in
London, who left £5 4s. yearly out of land in Cawthorne, York
shire ; this money to be given to 24 poor people at Id. per Sun
day. There are numerous other bequests of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries.
A west gaUery blocks up the archway into the tower and hides
the west ¦window. The tower is a fair specimen of the Perpendi
cular style, with good beU-chamber windows. The parapet is em
battled, and has four crocketed pinnacles at the angles. Two
gurgoyles project from the summit, one on the south side repre
senting a muzzled bear, a device which also occurs in a similar
position on the church at Wingerworth.
Against the south waU of the church, on the outside, is a modern
slab, the inscription of which is now almost illegible, but is per
haps worth preser^ring. It is thus given in Lysons: — "To tbe
memory of John Wright, a pauper of this parish, who died May
4th, 1797, in the hundred and third year of his age. He was of
middle size, temperate, and cheerful, and in the trying situation
of darkness, poverty, and old age, bore his infirmities with such
Christian meekness as excited the benevolence of good men, and
is here recorded as an instructive lesson to others. Rev. C. Alder-
son, B.D., P.P.P., Anno Dni 1797."
Part of the shaft of the old cross is still upright in the church
yard, standing on two steps, reaching an altitude of five feet.
Bassano describes this as "a large plain cross tn a footing of
three stepps."
This church was in a very dUapidated state in the 6arly part of
the seventeenth century, but was begun to be put into good repair
in the 14th of Charles IL, as Bassano teUs us, and he further
adds that, at the time of his visit, "the south side was weU repafred,
and the remainder -wUl be presently."
The tower contains a peal of six beUs, presented by the rector
at the time of the restoration of the chancel.

langtnil^g.

Hangtuil^^*

|HE Domesday Survey is sUent as to Langwith, but there
is a record extant of a chiu-oh in the -riUage of Langwith
as early as the reign of Henry H. (1154-1169), when
Ralph Deincourt gave the advowson, together -with that of the
adjacent church of Elmton, to the newly-founded priory of Thur
garton, in Nottinghamshfre.*
The manor of Langwith acqufred the name of Lang-with-Bassett,
by which term it is even now sometimes designated, early tn the four
teenth century, when it was held by a famUy of that name.t Alice,
the ¦widow of Ralph Bassett, was seized of it tn the reign of Henry
IV.J It is also termed Over Langwith, and Upper Lang^with, in
order to distinguish it from the adjacent parish of the same name
in Nottiaghamshfre.
The advowson of this rectory ooidd not have been a very valuable
piece of preferment, for in the Taxation RoU of 1291 the church of
Lang-with is entered as paying to the Prior of Thurgaad;on 13s. 4d.
a year, and no other value attached ; in another copy of this return
it is described as " indecimabihb," i.e., titheless, or tithe free. The
foUo^wing is the entry relative to Langwith in the Valor Ecclesiasticus
of 27 Henry YJIL :— LANG-WITH EECTOEIA.
Prior de Thurgreton Patronus ibidem.
DomiuQS Nicholaus ^Wylde rector ibidem habet in commiuiibTis annis nt Reqnitur.
In mansione cum glebis
In decimis garbarum et feni
In decimis lane et agneUorum -
In paschaU rotulo
In oblatiombus
In decimis minutis
In mortuariis communibus annis

XI]

VU]

xl

XUJ

mj

XU]

Ul]

V

viij

»J

"J

ni]

Summa -vimarc' xs. vujiJ.
Unde resoluta archidiacono Derbie pro scenagio et procuragio x vij
De Claro - vj marc' j
Decima inde vuj j

* Thoroton's NotHnghamshire, p. 110.
t Quo "Warranto EoUs, 4 Edward HI.
J Inq. post Mort. 14 Hen. IV., Xo. 5.

268 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
The Parliamentary Commissioners in 1650 reported that the hving
of Langwith was worth £34 per annum, and " fitt to be united
to Scarchffe, and also that part of Houghton which is a member
of Plesley. One James Trotton is present incumbent, scandalous
and disaffected."
The manor of Langwith also contributed to the emoluments of
other ecclesiastical foundations besides that of Thurgarton. In tbe
reign of Henry IIL, Henry de Lessinton, Dean of Ltncoht, had
the right of free warren over this manor, as weU as over the adja
cent ones of Scarchffe and Patterton ;* and in the time of Henry VI.
the Prior of Newstead held two messuages, two tofts, two bovates,
one hundred and sixty acres of arable land, and five of meadow
within the lordships of " Langwath, MUnhous, Patterton, Rowe-
thorn et Bateley."f
The present church, dedicated to St. Helena, J is a smaU build
ing, consisting only of a nave, chancel, and south porch, with a
smaU tower or rather beU turret at the west end, but it contafris
specimens of the four different styles into which Enghsh church
architecture is usuaUy di^rided.
The plain round archway into the chancel is of the early Nor
man period, and shows, we should suppose, that a church existed
here some years previous to the reign of Henry H. There is
another archway almost precisely simUar at the west end, from
which we may conclude that a west tower was part of the original
Norman design — this archway opening into it.
The chancel, from the two lancet ¦windows tn the south waU,
appears to have been rebuUt in the Early English period during
the thirteenth century, but the east window, as well as one of
similar size and design on the south waU of the nave, are some
what later, being plain- examples tn the early Decorated style. To
this period {circa 1320) we are inclined, too, to attribute the high-
pitched oaken roof which is in fafr preservation. It is supported
by twq tie-beams, the king-post and side struts being carved into
a bold tracery. The corbel terminations of the waU plates are
¦*¦ Calend. Eot. Chart. 36 Hen. III.
t Inq. post Mort. 20 Hen. VI., No. 38.
I Certain modem directories ascribe it to the Holy Cross, and the feast of this
parish is regulated by the date of that festival (September 14fch). The Empress
Helena is said to have found the true cross on May the 3rd, 326. She erected a
church at Jerusalem to contain this reUo, which was consecrated September the
13th, 335, and the first exposition of the cross occurred on the foUo-wing day being
Sunday. The custom was continued annually, and the festival has been observed
on this day, ever since, both by the Greek and Latin churches. This explains the
apparent discrepancy in the dedication and the feast day.

LANGWITH. 269
ornamented with quatrefoUs. The porch, also, seems to be of
this date. It has a pointed stone roof, and is adorned with two
crocketed pinnacles. Over the entrance is a small opening now
glazed, but it has probably once served as a niche for the figure
of St. Helena.
A three-Ught square-headed window, on the south of the nave,
gives evidence that this church was further restored or repaired
when the Perpendicular style was in vogue. It would be at that
time, too, that the present west end to the church was buUt, which
is surmounted by a smaU square tower. The battlements and
pinnacles seem to be comparatively modern. It contains two
smaU beUs, both of which bear the name of Hedderley, the Not
tingham beU-founder, and the date 1772.
The interior affords one object of much interest. In the south
waU of the chancel is a recess, occupied by a coffin-shaped incised
slab, six feet long by two broad at the upper end. The head of
the cross is richly foUated, and the stem, formed of two incised
lines is unusuaUy slender, being less than one inch in width. On
the dexter side is engraved a chalice, and on the sinister an open
book. There is no inscription, but its date must be about the
commencement of the thfrteenth century. From the chahce it
may be inferred that it commemorates an ecclesiastic. The occur
rence of the two symbols — the chahce and the book on the same
sfone — ^is unusual, though one instance of much later date is to
be seen at CheUaston tn this county, and another was formerly to
be seen ¦within the altar raUs at Pleasley. The assumption has
been dra-wn that, where they both occur together, the interment
of a deacon is commemorated, but a closer examination of the
different examples precludes the certainty of this explanation, for
an instance is kno^wn where they are represented on each side of
a priest in eucharistic vestments.* Nor is it hkely that this exam
ple is the tomb of a deacon, for, from its position in the waU, it
is clear that it is to the memory of a founder or benefactor of
tha church. The foot of this slab is concealed by one end of a
pointed arch which rests upon it. This archway, which rises to
some height in the south waU, and which encloses that part of
the waU pierced by the smaUest of the lancet windows already
mentioned, can hardly have been inserted in this strange position
for any other purpose than that of gi^ring additional strength to
* BouteU's Christian Monuments, p. 57; Cutts' Incised Slabs, p. 86, plates v., ix.,
xii., xxui., and xliii.

270 DERBYSHIRE ClIUIiCnKS.
a weakened part of tho edifice, for it seems imposnilile to huagbie
that it coidd ever, in this position, havo boon o])onod out.
Bassano visited this church, which ho tonus Langwith Bassett,
about 1710, but the ouly object ho notes is tho incised slab iu
tho chancol. Ho thus doscribos it : — " Near to the altar, adjacent
to south window, is a monument raised about tbroo feet. Tho
face flourished, and a bowie or chalico t)nly ui)on it, which may
denote the sepulture of a Priest."
At tho east ond of tho south nido of tho nave is a plain square
recess over a piscina, an indication of the former presence of a
Kide-altar. Tho font at tho west ond is a modern one, but a loose somioir-
cular stone at its base, which may liuve formed part of a step lo
the former one, has originally served as a sepulobral inomorinl,
for it bears on it tho podimental base of nu incised cross, techni
cally called tho "calvary."

Il^opfon.

jprarfepnfiplb.

jm^orfon.

,S Morton is one of the Derbyshfre parishes mentioned iu the
Domesday Survey as possessed of a church and a priest, it
is rather disappointing to find so little of mterest or an
tiquity connected -with the present building. The first mention of
Morton occurs tn the -wUl of Wulfric Spott, dated in tbe year 1002,
by which the Abbey of Burton was endowed. Morton and the ad
jacent manor of Ogston (Oggodestun) were both bequeathed to the
abbey. At the time, however, of the Domesday Survey (1087) they
were held by Walter Deincourt.* Morton was held by the Dein
courts tUl 1442, when the Deincourt property, on the failure of male
issue, passed by marriage to Cromwell aud LoveU ; and this manor
eventuaUy came, -with Sutton and other estates, into the hands of
the Leakes, in which famUy it continued until the death in 1736 of
Nicholas Leake, Earl of Scarsdale. The advowson of the church of
Morton remained during this period in the hands of the owner of the
manor. The body of the church was entirely rebuUt in 1850, and it
contains no monuments, or other objects of interest, of any antiquity.
Nor need we have much fear that any interesting details have of late
been lost, for not only does Lysons, -writing in 1817, say of Morton,
"the parish church contains nothing remarkable," but the earlier
manuscript collections are equaUy silent. Dr. Pegge, however, who
risited tbe church in 1766, gives us a few particulars relative to the
old structure. He noted a north aisle to the church, and thought
that appearances pointed to there formerly having been one also on
the south side ; adding — " Under the east window of the north aisle
there is an appearance of an altar tomb, but so covered I could not
be certain." He also copied the foUowing from a brass tn the
chancel : —
* For a further account of the Deincourt famUy, see under North -Winfield. The
chief seat of this important family was for several generations at Park HaU, on the
confines of this parish. The parish of Morton was, however, held in moieties during
?art of the time when it was under the Deincourt sway, for in the reign of Henry
V. Nicholas de Iliongford was seized Of a part of the manor.— Inq. post Mort., 3
Hen. rv., No. 32.

274 ])i';u,i!vsiiii{E churches.
" Hero lioth tiio body of tiio virtuoim and religious matron. Mar-
gory, wifo of Edward Nickson, panfcor of this jmrisli,
" Qiiiuu pio obiit ( Haluiis 1566
Die 11 AugiiHti "''"f [ lutatis l.'t.
" 'I'liy rest gives mo a rostlosH life,
Because thou wast a virtuous wife.
But yot I rest in li(i])o to hoo
Tlmt day of Cln-ist and then soo thee.
" E. N. MarituB niiiintiHHimiiK."^*
Id cojiying this a mistalio of a ceiitiu-y has clearly been mado ia
th(! year of hor decease, for Mr. Mdward ISickHon hold tho living of
Morton at tho timo of tho Piu-liiuiiontary Survey in 1650. Of Morton
the CommissionorH then i-epoi-ted, that they tlHiugbt it " iltt to bo
iiuitcid to Shiriand, being within a iiiyle distant." M(irl,(i)i itself was
thon valued at .t;-!l, but tlio rootory, incliiKive of Trinity Cliapol, was
worth ,£70.
Tho Taxation Roll nf Pope Nicholas IV. (1291), values tho cLui-oli
of Morton at £5 13s. 4d.
W]i(!n the Valor ErrleKin.stirns was compiled, 27 Henry VIIL, the,
foUowing particulars aro recorded ruHjiocting this bcnofioo : —
MORTON RIUJTOIIIA.
lladulphuB liiingfunl MiloH ut JiiliaiiiicH HuhIiIo Aririignr olteriuB vlcihiiH patroni
ibidem. t
Dominus JtobortiiH Wiiapo rector iliidum habet iu oommunibuH luiiiis ut siiiiuitur.
^ X B. (1,
fn primis in Mii.iiHiono cum ghOiin • xl
rti'iii in iliiciiiiis tjiu-hiirniii ut fiiiii (1(1 Miii'liiii - - - xlvij
Item in diiciinis gai-hiiriini do Hrnkonfold O(,'gnoflton ot "WooUoy iij
Itojri in duobuB inoHsiiiignH in NortU wynfohJ
rtoin iu |iaBchali nitulo
Item in oblationiliiiH jior jiuniini-
i toll! in (lociiniH lane ot agnellorum - ...
Item in (hioiniiH miuutiu  ...
Item in moi-tnariis ... . .
Siimiim xij xij
DUDIICTIONHH.
Undo roBoluta Ai-oliidiaoono Dorhio pro HoomiKio ct proouragia
iinniiatiin - . xj j
l)c oliii-d xj ix xj
])('cijriiL indo xxiij

vj

viij

vj

viij

xl

XJ

VilJ

XX

vij

iiij

XX

* I'eggo'H CoUeotidiiH, vol. v., p. .'i7. TIiIh brass is now in tlio vostry, wlioro thoro i«
also one to a dii,ughl,or of Ualiili lloiil,liot>l,o. Dr. I'orK", in unotlior |iiul, a! liiH Collon-
tionn, inontions that it was oiimmonly ro|iiirl,oil thai, iMnrtnn iiiiod tn ho tho niotlior
church 1,1) Hhiihuid, "and whim old Hloifjh vi«il,od Mr. Uoiithrinto (tho i-ootornf Morton)
iMid wnnld diiiili heartily, ho used In say ho ounio to Bnoli his mnUnn-'H mille. Hloi(,'li
novm- Jiiul liny Uni vorHity oilncation, hill, was parisli BolinolmaHtar al, Chofltorllohl, and
wlum Mr. J''(i()lnw loft tho Cliii.|iol Wolionl (the Grammar School), ho siinpUed ii, whllo
thoro till the now muHtor camo."
I Ualpli rmugtord and John Himhio wore also joint patrons of North WinQ old.
'I'hny worn alno coramoinnnitoil at Clio;ilicrflolil. — ,Soo ante jiago 3/J7.

MORTON. 'J<0
Of the two messuages mentiducd above in the parish of North
Wynfeld. tho ParHjuneutary Commissionci-s wrote : — "There are two
farms in Xovth WiufeUd towne. belonging to Wilham BeardiiU and
James Pendleton being formerly for the psu-ish of Movoion and
thought fitt to be imited to Nortb Wiufeild with tythes issumg, and
certain tytlies held by parishioners of Moreton are thought fitt to be
paid to Sherlaud."
The uncertain boiiudarie* of the ecclesia stical divisions in the ad
jacent parishes of North "Wiufield and Morton, gave rise to several
disputes respecting their tithes. In one of the old register books of
North Wiufield is a copy of the foUowing agreement ; — ''
'- The .^Tt. of agreement between 'William Barton minister of NortJiTOji^eld and
Edumud -VXivVsiiu luiuister of Morion in the oountj- of Derby as follo-wetli — Whereas
s-andry gtoaj-ids lyins within a oevtjua circuit csillcd the double ditch one halfe w-ithiu
the parish <if ^K. \V. and halfe -mtliiu the parish of M. and the tyth com hay
bemp and flax aw under tyth that is to say are eijually to be divided bet-sreeu the
re::pec<ive jrtTsous of the said ¦pa.rishes : It is hi^irefey cove.u.-3.uted ajid agreed between
the piH-sous above named that all the grounds lying on the uorth side Padley Wood
¦within the said doable dit^h shiill pay the -schole tvth of corn hay hemp and fia.x to
Mr. Barton and all the graonds lying on the south side the said vrood shall pay the
whole tjUi of cora bar hemp and flax to Mr. AVirkson daring the natural lives of the
said pei-sons. lith July 1653,"
The tower at the west end is aU that remahis of the old buildiugs.
It is a low embattled tower, with eight crocketed pinnacles, and may
be considered as a fair example of the late Perpeudioulai- style, pre
valent at the end of the fifteenth, or early in the sixteenth century.
It is supported by iha gon :illy- placed buttresses. The ti-aeory of the
west ¦window is of a debased style, aud it appears as if the base of the
nmUious h.ad belonged to the tracery with whieh it -was origiually
fiUed. There is a curious arcbitectuRil freak iu the dooi-way below
this ¦window, for the niooldiug of the jambs or sides of this doorway
stops abruptly some two feet short of the ground.
The beU-chamber contains three bells, one of which bears the
simple insoripticiu, •• God save llis Church;" the second only the
date " 1631," whUst the third (which is badly cracked) has a Lom
bardic S aiteruatiug with an equiU-hmbed cross repeated five times
round the haoudi. The third bell also bears a beU-founder's mark,
from which we cau arrive at its approximate date. "We have met -with
a similar deviee at Chaddesdeu, Mu^iuton, Dronfield, Kniveton, aad
several other places hi this county, aud it is not uncommon in
Nottiughamshfre. The device is a shield charged in the centre -with a
cross, the base of which is forked and snrromided by a cfrcle. On
* This agreeiiient -was p-iiWislicd -wiih Tarious otlier matteTs taken from the Norr.h
Winfield registers, in an articie -« e oontriVi.;;<; i^. lo ;lu- Ju'.'.-^- uary, July, lS7i.

276 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
the dexter side of the cross is the letter E-, and on the sinister side is
a bell, and in chief are two crowns, supposed from a simUar blazoning
on the municipal shield, to represent the town of Nottingham. This
beU-mark is attributed to Eichard MeUour, an opulent bell-founder of
Nottingham. He was mayor of that town in 1506, and died a few
years afterwards. His -wife. Dame Agnes MeUour, founded the
Nottingham Free School.
The church of Morton is dedicated to the Holy Cross, in which
name there are fifty-nine of our old dedications, and fourteen
under the synonymous phrase of the Holy Eood.
In the report of the Charity Commissioners (1827) mention is
made of an annual sum of 6s. 8d., supposed to have been given
for tbe repairs of Morton Church, stiU received by the church^war-
dene, but the origin of which is not kno^wn.

BRACKENFIELD. 277

Zfft ei^a^flrg of BtaclttnKdlr.

E read of Brackenfield in the days of Khig John, when
that manor and Ogston were held by the family of Heriz.
Brackenfield was "at that time known as 'Bra.ckenthivaite.
The termination thwaite, which has also died out in more than one
other Derbyshfre place-name of this locahty, is of no smaU interest, as
it tends to prove the existence, in this county, of a smaU colony of
Norsemen or Norwegians, as distinct from the general incursion of
the Danes. It continued tn the family of Heriz, tUl the beginning
of the reign of Edward IH., but shortly afterwards passed to the
WUloughbys, with whom it continued for many generations.* In
1369 Sfr Eichard Willoughby held Brackenfield under the Dein
courts ; and about this time also Ogston became the property of
tbe Eevels, with whom it remained till the commencement of the
last centm-y, when it was brought by marriage into the hands of
the Turbutt famUy, who now o-wn the two manors. Sir Eichard
WUloughby was one of the justices of the Common Pleas ha the
reign of Edward IH., and some time Chief Justice of the King's
Bench. He acqufred the Derbyshfre estate of Eisley by marriage
with the hefress of Morteyne. Brackenfield was a township in
Morton parish, and a short distance out of the viUage was the
ancient chapel of ease — Trinity Chapel. This chapel was formerly
only served four or five times tn the year, by the rector of Morton,
but having been augmented by Queen Anne's Bounty, it became a
separate "benefice more than one hundred years ago. It was
severed by a deed of 1758 between Bishop CornwaUis and Ealph
Heathcote, rector of Morton, and Thomas Hinckman, curate. On
December 11th, 1758, it was augmented with £200 by Queen Anne's
Bounty, and then the service was to be every thfrd Sunday. It
was ftirther augmented -with another £200, in June of the foUowing
•Inq. post Mort. 3 Bdw. HI., No. 57 ; 13 Henry VI., No. 26, etc.

278 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
year.* Brackenfield has now been for some years a distinct pai-ish,
and a new church was buUt in the year 185G, since which time
Trinity Chapel has remained in a desolate and deserted condition.
It is rather singular that a recommendation to build a new
chmch here was made two centuries ago by the Parhamentary
Commissioners. They report — " Trinitye chapell -with Brackenfield,
Ogston, and Wolley, members of the parish of Morton, wee think
fitte to be made a parish, and tliat there be a church buUt hi some
convenient place tn Brackenfield Green." It is a small plain build-
tug, roofed with stone, and having an open beU turret for two beUs
on the west gable. The east gable is surmoimted by a cross, but
it is of modern device. Its internal dimensions are about 88 feet
by 16, and ten feet of its lengtli are partitioned ofl" to form a chan
cel. It is built upon the steep slope of a hill, and the floor is far
from level, as it steadUy slopes down to the east end. The roof is
of a high pitch and supported by four shghtly curved tie-beams.
AU the windows are square-headed and divided by straight stone
muUions -without any tracery. The east -window has four lights,
one in the south wall of the chancel three, another on tbe south
side two, a high one at the west end, and the one on the north
side have also two apiece ; of these all but the two first ai-e now
blocked up. There is a plain porch on the south side, provided
¦with stone seats, and both the doorway of the porch aud that
leading into the chapel are squai-e-headed. The walls aud general
featm-es of the buUding are stUl in good repafr, the outer masonry
being large and carefully hewn, and its appearance points to a
thorough, aud probably complete renewal in tlie sixteenth century.
The interior fittings, which have not been removed, have naturaUy
sufi'ered much from disuse. Eows of plain solid oak benches occupy
the nave, and the chancel contains three pews on each side, aU
being in a greater or less state of dUapidation. In the waU under
the south window of the chancel, about a foot from the ground, is
a square recess or almery; whUst at the east end, on the northern
side of the window is a large oblong recess some four feet from the
* Pegge's CoUections, vol. 5, p. 29.
Mr. Bichard Turbutt -writes to Mr. Lysons, in March, 181G : — " Formerly the
rector of Morton had the' cure of the t-wo churches (Morton, and Trinity Chapel,
Brackenfield), and ser-vice was performed ouly four times in a year at the chapel.
But it has at diiierent times received the Queen's Bounty from Sir Eobert Willmott,
of Chadesden's family and mine, by which it has become a separate benefice. Tho
rector has ahvays nominated. I exercised tlmt visht the other day, aud the bishop
approved, but from -what Sir Eobert "Willmott says, I think he questions my right
.... No rites of marriage or burial are ever performed there, baptisms sometimes,
bnt at the discretion of the minister. The Eof^isters are kept at Morton." — Lysons'
Correspondence, Add. MSS., 9-l'26, foi. 217.

BRACKENFIELD. 279
ground, the lower part of which is filled up with a corbel stone or
bracket This probably was the niche for some smaU figm-e or
image, or it may have served as the credence table. The font,
which stands near the enti-ance, is, as might be expected, a modern
confrivance of stone on a fluted column ; for Trinity Chapel, so
long as it was merely a chapel of ease to Morton, possessed neither
the right of baptism or sepulture.
The most interesting feature of this chapel is the old screen,
that di-vides the chancel fr-om tbe rest of the buUding. This screen
is of oak throughout, -with a doorway in the centre, and divided on
each side into six pointed hghts or openings, the upper part being
fiUed -with open tracery. The screen is of the Perpendicidar period
and, apparently, not late in the style. On the spandrU of the
doorway facing west are two escutcheons carved in the wood, but
they are, hke the rest of the screen, much worn and the worse for
age. They are now destitute of any colouring.
The dexter shield bears on two bars three water bougets, impal
ing a cross moline. The sinister shield has the same coat, impal
ing on a bend three muUets. The arms of WUloughby of Eisley,
¦with the proper tinctm-es, are : Or, on two bars gules, thi-ee water
bougets, argent ; and we might naturaUy expect to find them tn this
position. The coat impaled with WUloughby on the first shield is
that of Beck of Pleasley,' whose arms were gides, a cross moline,
argent ; for the nieces and co-hefresses of Anthony Beck, married
Harcourt and WUloughby. Anthony Beck was the most celebrated
Bishop that ever occupied the episcopal chafr of Durham, and was
speciaUy honoured by the Pope -with the empty but coveted title of
Patriarch of Jerusalem. Anthony Beck died on 3rd March, 1311,
though Lysons tn his History of Derbyshire makes the strange mis
take of giving the year of his decease in 1810. One of Bishop
Becks executors was " Eobert de WiUughby, chevaler ; '' and
Thomas de WUloughby was appointed coUector of his debts.*
The arms impaled by WUloughby on the sfriister shield are those
of Bradborne. Thomas WiUoughby, the son of Hugh WiUoughby,
by his -wife Anne, daughter of Eichard Wentivorth, married Isabel,
daughter of John Bradborne, of Hough (or HuUand) neai- Ashborne.
The Bradbomes were an ancient famUy of Derby shfr-e, and con
nected from time to time -with the most influential of the county
famUies. Isabel was the daughter of John Bradborne, by his wUe
Anna Yemon, and was one of five sisters who married respectively,
* Registrum Palatinum Dunehnense. See also notice of Pleasley Chm-ch.

280 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Fitzherbert, ColumbeU, Langford, WiUoughby, and Okeover. Wo
read of this Thomas WiUoughby in tho 88th year of Henry VI. ,
and the 4th of Edward IV.* Thore can be no doubt that t]]in
screen was erected at the time of, or shortly all or the marriage of
Thomas and Isabel, which places its date about tho middle of the
fifteenth century. The scroon in, then, older tbim any of the ]ii-(!-
sent structure (though possibly not the actual masonry) of tho
chapel, and it is very unfortunate that it should be thus suffered
to fall into decay. Could it not find a resting-place in tho uew
church at Brackenfield? Unless it is removed, or the windows of
the old chapel re-glazed, it will not be many years bcloro it has
quite crumbled away. A portion of the open-work tracery is oven
now missing.
The foundations at tlie east end of the chapel project somo way
beyond the present walls, and apparently point to the greater
length of its predecessor on the same site.
The wUl of Hugh Eevel, of Sliirland, dated May, 150-1, men
tions the foUowing item: — "Also I wUl that the Triiiitie chnpol
havo my chalez, the which is now in thefr possession, ior evi'i-."-h
We must not omit to mention that an early number of tho
U(4iqiia,ry contained a brief description of this chii.pnl, from the pen
of the late Mr. Gladwin Tm-butt. Tho article is illustrated by a
good engraving of parts of the old scroon, a.iid also of a c.iirvod
shield from tho end of ono of the pews, on which were the impahnl
coatH of Willoughby and Bock. Mr. Turbutt mentions a legc^nd,
current in the neighbourhood, that tho two bells of this chiipol
were stolen by Oliver Cromwell I
•Harl. MSS. 1093, foi. 138.
fAdd. MSS. 6667, foi. 64.

m^ l^opmanj^on.

jSoutf IJormanton*

HE manor of South Normanton, at the time of the Domes
day Survey, was held by Edwin imder WiUiam Peverel.
At an early period it belonged to the family of De Alfreton,
by whom it was granted, together with the adjacent manor of
Pinxton, to Ealph le Poor. The hefress of Peer brought it to Le
Wyne. In the tune of Edward II. (1307-1326) Eobert le Wyne
held Normanton and Pinxton of Grey, and Grey of the king.
WiUiam le Wyne, tn the year 1342, sold the manors of Nor
manton and Pinxton, together -with the advowsons of both the
churches, to Sfr Alured de Solney, of Newton Solney in the
parish of Eepton, for two hundred marks of silver. There is a
deed extant, early tn the reign of Eichard H. (1377-1899), by which
WUliam TaUlo and Adam Torald de Ne^wton Solney, CapeUanus,
yield to John BoUowe, parson of Sheyle, Eobert de Langham, and
Lawrence de Prodleye, the manors of Pinxton and Normanton,
with the advowson of Pinxton, the advowson of Normanton being
specially excepted. In the 14th year of the same reign, Thomas
Foljambe and Eobert Langham release Pinxton and Normanton
(excepting the advowson of the latter) to Thomas Stafford and
AUce his -wife, and to Nicholas Longford and Margaret his wife.
These two last deeds seem to show that the property was held
in frust dining the minority of the two hefresses of Solney, or
else for a time leased out of the family. Sfr Thomas Stafford
and Sir Nicholas Longford,, by thefr marriage with AUce and Mar
garet, the co-heiresses of Solney, inherited the manor of Norman
ton Ul moieties. The Staffords speedUy sold thefr moiety to Sfr
Wilham Babington of ChilweU, and thence it descended through
the Sheffields, and was sold to George Eevel, of Carltngthwaite
HaU, in the reign of Queen Ehzabeth. The Longfords' share of
tbe manor was purchased tn 1567 by the immediate ancestors of
D'Ewes Coke.

284 DERBTSHIEE CHITECHES.
The exact descent of the advowson of Normanton Eectory after
it left fhe Solney s cannot be traced, but in the 6 Henry IV. it
was made over to Eobert de Legh (or Leigh), Knight, and in the
11 Henry VI. "Eobert de Legh de Adelyngton" sold it to Sfr
WiUiam Babington. Thus both the moiety of the manor and the
advowson were again held by the same person. Sir WiUiam Bab
ington died seized of the advowson, S3 Henry VL, when it seems
to have reverted to Leigh. The presentation was again sold in
the reign of James I. by Sfr Bryan Leigh, and passed through the
Eevels to the Eardley Wilmots.*
Though no church is mentioned here in the Domesday Survey,
the buUding itself proves that one was erected in the days of the
Normans. The earliest allusion to a church in this parish that
we have met with is a reference to "Adam CapeUanus de Nor
manton " in the ye^r 1220, which Dr. Pegge attributes to South
Normanton.-t In the Taxation EoU of Pope Nicholas (1291) tbis church (North-
munton) is valued at £6 18s. 4d. per annum. According to the
Valor Ecclesiasticus, 27 Henry VIIL, the rectory, after deducting
the archidiaconal fees, was worth £9 15s. 4d. At that time " Sfr
WilUam Lee de Adlyngton " was patron, and Milo Hudleston the
rector. The Parliamentary Commissioners of 1650 estimated it at
£iO, and further add — " Mr. Peeter Poste is present incumbent and
reputed scandalous."
The church is dedicated to St. Mary,J and consists of a nave,
chancel, north aisle, south porch, and an embattled tower at the
west end. The old doorway on the south side, with its semi-cfrcular
arch, is all that now exists to prove that a church existed here
during the time when the Norman style of architecture prevailed.
The porch itself is of the Decorated period, and dates from the
fourteenth centm-y. It is of a good sifee, but the jambs at the
entrance are much worn and out of the perpendicular, whUst the
courses of the stone show that it has been raised and otherwise
altered from its original design. On entering the church we find
that the three pointed archways supported by two octagon pillars
with plain capitals, which separate the north aisle from the nave,
* Dods-worth's Collections. Add. MSS. 6667, ff. 54-115. Nichols' Collectanea,
vol. i., p. 343; vol. viii., p. 318. Calend. Eot. Chart. 41 Bd-w. I'V., No. 3. Inq. post
Mort. 33 Hen. VI., No. 23.
t Pegge's CoUections, vol. v., p. 18. He neglects to mention from -whence tha
quotation is taken.
X Certaiu modem directories, -with their usual perversity, ascribe the church to
St. Michael, but we are not a-ware of the slightest foundation for this assertion.

SOUTH NORMANTON. 285
are of the same period. Several corbel stones, too, project from
tbe walls both in the nave and aisle a httle below the present roof,
showing from whence the former high-pitched roof sprung. From
this, and other indications, we may gather that the greater part,
if not the whole, of the church was re-built when the Decorated
style was prevalent, probably tn the reign of Edward II.
Since that date the church has undergone many alterations. The
windows appear to have been mostly inserted in the Perpendicular
period, though, with the exception of the west window of the aisle,
and one in the south wall of the chancel, there do not appear to
be any which have escaped further alteration or debasement. The
pointed east window is divided into three by two straight muUions
which run up the entfr-e height, whilst one on the south side is
half fiUed up with naked bricks. The tower, however, is a good
specimen of the Perpendicular. It is supported on the west by
two diagonaUy-placed buttresses, which are ornamented on the second
set-off -with smaU upright shields. This peculiarity, together with
its general simUarity of feature, points to the same architect who
buUt the tower of South Winfield church, and it would thus fix
the year of its erection somewhat later than 1440. The west and
beU-chamber windows are fafr specimens of the style, though a
smaU modern doorway under the former detracts from its appear
ance. The parapet is embattled, and there are four crocketed
pinnacles at the angles. These are obviously additions of recent
times, and date back, we were told, no fm-ther than the beginning
of the present century. The tower contains a peal of five beUs,
having the following inscriptions : —
1. " Sfr Eardley Wilmot, 1818. T. Mears, of London, fecit."
2. "W. B. & Co., 1774. D. Coke, Eector. T. W., Church-
¦wardens. 8. " The Eev. Guy Bryan, 1813. D. Mears, of London, fecit."
4. The shoulder of this beU is ornamented with fleurs-de-hs, crosses,
and the monogram IHC. It also bears the founder's mark of
George Oldfield of Nottingham, thus pro^ving it to be of the seven
teenth century.
5. " Geo. Dobb, of Normentun,
Gave this beU for to be rung,
1654."
Eeturning to the interior of the church we note the singular cir
cumstance of there being two piscina drains in the south wall of
the chancel. One is in a small niche ornamented with a trefoU

286 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
head, and is nearly level with the floor. Within the niche is a
small stone shelf, which served the purpose of a credenco-table,
to receive certain of the sacred vessels that were used tn the ser
vice of the mass previous to their being required at the altar.
The other one is a simple square-cut drain let into the corner of
the wide sill of the window nearest the east end. The first one
is of the Decorated period, and must have been placed in the wall
at a time when the level of the floor of the chancel was consider
ably lower than it is at present ; its use being subsequently found
most inconvenient would account for the construction of the second
one to take its place. There is also in this corner a plain stone
bracket for a saint, and there are a few fragments of old yellow
glass in the east window.
The font in use (at the time of our visit) is close to the south
entrance, and is a pedestal contrivance of a comparatively modern
date. The fine old font, thougli not in use, and filled with rub
bish, is happily stUl preserved, and has found a resting-place
inside the church at the east end of the north aisle. It is of an
octagonal shape, and stands on a similar base. The height of the
whole is three feet six inches, and it is two feet four inches in
diameter across the top. On one face is carved in bold relief a
six-pointed star or muUet, on a second a trefoil, and on the re
maining six a quatrefoU. It has a handsome effective appearance,
and belongs, we believe, to the Decorated style, of which there are
comparatively few specimens.
The north aisle has evidently been lengthened at the east end
to form a chantry, or special side altar, to which there is also
access by an archway into the chancel, but there is no informa
tion respecting it in the Chantry EoUs. The east window of this
aisle is blocked up by a large and costly marble tomb of the
weeping-cherub order. It bears a lengthy Latin inscription to the
memory of Eobert Eevel, who died in 1714, and his wife Ann,
daughter of Eobert Wilmot, of Osmaston. There are no other
monuments of sufficient age to warrant any description in these
pages, but over a large square-headed window in the south wall of
the nave, acting as a lintel, is a large slab bearing an incised
cross. Somo of the plaster and whitewash has split off, and
exposed part of the head and stem. It appears to be of early
design, and is possibly of the twelfth centmy, representing a burial
coeval with the church that existed here in the Norman ixa-iod.
The south waU of the chancel has been propped up on the ex-

SOUTH NORMANTON. 287
terior with a large clumsy buttress, formed partly of bricks and
ptu-tly of stone. It partially conceals an arched sepulchral recess
whieh has been ornamented with crockets and other work of the
Decorated period.
When Bassano visited this church, about 1710, he noted in a
low -nindow on the south side of the chancel the followiug arms —
(1)-;;., a cross patee, sa., which he attributes to Banaster. But
though he is right in thinking that the ancient family of Banaster
bore this coat,* tiiere was no connection whatever, so far as we
are aware, between Bauaster and either the chm-ch or manor of
Normanton. This coat was, however, also borne by Leigh of Adling-
ton, aud we might naturally expect to meet with thefr ai-ms hi a
cluiroh of which they were for some time the patrons.t
?Hfvrl. MSS. 65Sil
t We believe this to hiivo been the same fnmily of Leigh connected ¦with one of the
Chesterfield chantries, and whoso aims we noted iu the description of the heraldry
of that chm-ch.

I^opfon.

TQorHn.

JHE first historical mention of Norton is as early as the
reign of King Ethefred, ta the year 1002. This occurs
in the -wUl of Wulfric Spott, by which he very wealthUy
endowed the Abbey of Burton, especiaUy with manors in Derby
shfre, such as Stretton, Ogston, Winfield, Morton, BreadsaU, Mor
ley, and many others. Lysons, misreading the Monasticon, added
Norton to this list, but the actual words of the will are, " I give
to Ufegeat the land at Norton, on the condition that he may the
better be a friend and support to the convent (Burton)." In fact,
the manor has always been in civU hands ; in the Domesday Sur
vey it is described as being held by Godeva and Bada in the time
of Edward the Confessor, and was then held by Ingram (under
Eoger de Bush), the ancestor of Eobert Fitz Eanulph, by whom it
was subsequently inherited.
There is no mention of a church at Norton at the time of the
Domesday Survey, and it seems probable that it was originally
biult by Eoberl Fitz Eanulph, who was lord of AUreton and Norton.
He founded Beauchief Abbey, ta the reiffu of Henry II. , between
the years 1172 and 1176, and bestowed upon it the chm-ches of
Norton and Alfreton, in this coimty ; Edwalton in Nottiaghamshfre ;
and Wimeswold in Leieestershfre.
The church is one of the two hundred and twenty-two old dedi
cations to that favourite saint of EngUsh church-builders — St.
James. A modern dfrectory erroneously speaks of it as dedicated
to the Holy Cross, but this error seems to have been caused by
confustag it -with the parish church of Morton. It consists of a
nave and chancel, with side aisles, and a tower at the west end.
On entering the chmch we at once see the evidences of the original
buUding of Eobert Fitz Eanulph in some work of the late Norman
period. The side aisles are separated from the nave by semi-circu-

292 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
lar archea, supported alternately by round and octagon piUars. On
each side, about the centre, is a single arch of extreme width,
measuring about eighteen feet between the pUlars, but it is evident
that these -wide arches are not part of the original plan, as they
have been formed by cutting away the centre pUlar, to afford more
space for pews. The smaU arch nearest to the chancel on the north
side is pointed, and thus forms an exception to the late Norman
style. The corresponding arch on the south side terminates in a
corbel stone, which consists of a quaintly carved head.
Although there are but slight traces of the next period to be
found in the actual structure, yet we have a highly interest
ing specimen of Early Enghsh art tn the handsome font,
which stands under the gaUery at the ¦ west end of the chm-ch.
This font stands upon fom- groups of pUlars, three ta each, the
interstices being fiUed -with the characteristic toothed ornament.
The sides of the top are weU carved with different de-vices. On tbe
side facing the east is a very curious figure, somewhat resembUng
the cockatrice of fable. It is a bfrd ¦with a reptUe's taU, whUst
the face has a human expression. The head is represented as
looking upwards with a humUiated expression on its countenance.
Figures of this description are occasionaUy, though rarely, found
upon fonts both ta this country and on the continent. We sup
pose it to represent Satan expressiag his anguish at the rite of
Christian baptism. * The other sides are adorned -with foliage and
human heads. The date of this font we should place about the
year 1220, when the Early Enghsh style was in its perfection. To
the same period we are incUned to attribute the archway leading
into the chancel ; the handsome carvings of the capitals and its
side pUlars appear to be of this date, though it is possible that it
may be much later. The carving of these capitals consists of well
defined leaves, with thefr ends sUghtly curled over, a design that
is met with ta the best specimens of the architecture of this
period. Almost the whole of the rest of the church is of the Perpendi
cular period. The windows of both the north and south aisles are
square-headed and of a plain description. The north aisle has
been rebuUt and somewhat widened within the last few years, but
the windows are identical in size and design -with those that pre
viously existed. The whole of these side aisles, as well as tbe
nave and chancel, are embattled and adorned with occasional pin-
* Compare the fonts at Ashford and Youlgreave.

¦~^E

,ii^p^r— i^ip

"iprs^^Wl

.. '--. :€-'

<"''' ,.j >i'iiiK

¦^'%
;l H((l,1
/
.^^r
/.SHOYER
yORTON
/(OI\TH v/TnFielD
^^
AveiucY
Beic:i)ie& Sons.rac-SMSePiocesa Deiiy
NORTON. 293
nacles. The windows of the chancel are also of the same period,
the east -window of five hghts being of an unusual -width. The side
aisles, instead of terminattag where the nave ends, are extended
(in a somewha't greater width) parallel with the chancel ; thus form
ing two side chapels, connected by archways with the chancel
itself. The chapel on the north side is now blocked out from the
church, and is used as the Sunday School ; the corresponding one
on the opposite side is the Blythe chapel. The east windows of
both of these aisles are of the same Perpendicular description.
The south side of the church is destitute of a porch, and the door
way is mutilated, the side pUlars being wooden instead of stone.
At tbe end of the south aisle, immediately beneath the corbel-head
aheady mentioned, is a niche with a trefoil-head, which has for
merly held the figure of a saint. This tends to point out the
existence of a side altar in this position. Above the arches of the
nave are the clerestory windows, four on each side. They are of
a very plain description, and have been evidently inserted in the
place of older ones at a comparatively modern period.
With the exception of the Blythe monuments, there are now no
other ancient detaUs of interest within the church. The interior is
much disfigured with old-fashioned high pews, and the large
gaUery at the west end, which reaches nearly to the roof, com
pletely blocks up the fine archway leading into the tower.
The monument to WUUam Blythe and his -wife is in the south
aisle or chapel of the chancel. This memorial is beautifully
designed, and is formed of slabs of alabaster, with two effigies of
that material reclining on the surface. The man is clad tn the
long robes of a civilian, with full sleeves, and his head, which rests
upon a cushion, is uncovered. Under the right arm is a bag. or
scrip, and the feet rest upon a dog. The woman wears a close-
fitting robe, aud has upon her head the head-dress with falling
lappets, usuaUy worn by ladies at the close of the fifteenth cen
tury. The sides of this monument are enriched with figures in
bas-relief under elaborately crocketed canopies. There are seven
figm-eS' on the north side, now much mutilated, but they appear to
have been angels holding shields before them; the other side is
almost entfrely hidden by an elevated mass of masonry which
covers the Shore vault. Some of the coats of arms can be stiU
deciphered. On the north side are — three cinquefoils between nine
cross crosslets fitchy (Austin), and, per pale, gu. and arg., a cross
potent oounterpotent and quadrate between four crosses patty

291 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
counterchanged (See of Lichfield), impaling, erm., three roebucks
trippant, gu., attfred, or (Blythe). On the other side is Blythe
repeated, and a coat impaUng Blythe, of which the smaU fragment
that is left seems to be a diminutive cross, but it is in reality
the top of a sceptre, being aU that remains of the arms of the
See of Salisbury — the Blessed Virgin and ChUd, in her left hand
a sceptre.^-
It has been generally supposed that the family of Blythe came from
Leeds about the end of the fifteenth century. WilUam Blythe, the
father of the Blythe commemorated by this monument, is described
as being of Leeds tn the Herald's Visitation ;t but it is now con
sidered that this was a false rendering for Lees (Norton Lees),
where the famUy of Blythe held property as early as the reign of
Edward III. WiUiam Blythe married the daughter of an Austin,
of Birley, and had by her five sons :J — Thomas, Eoger, John, Geof
frey, and Eichard. Thomas, the eldest son, married the daughter
and hefress of SkeUey, one of thefr sons becoming Archdeacon of
Lichfield, and another Master of Trinity CoUege, Cambridge.
Eoger died s. p. Eichard married Catherhie, daughter and heiress
of Bfrchett, of Birchett.
John Blythe was educated at Cambridge. He is mentioned as
being. Warden of King's HaU in 1488, and he was ChaneeUor of
the University in 1494. Besides these offices he held many lucra
tive appointments in the Church. He was prebend of several
cathedrals, and was Archdeacon of both Stow and Huntingdon in
the diocese of Lincoln, though it does not appear that he ever
resided in that diocese. In 1485 we find him Archdeacon of Eich
mond in Yorkshfre, and in 1492 he was appointed Master of the
EoUs. Finally, on the 23rd of February, 1494, he was consecrated
at Lambeth, to the Bishopric of Salisbury. He died on the 23rd
of August, 1499, and was buried in his eathedral.§ His brother
Geoffrey appears to have been equaUy fortunate in his share of
Church emoluments. He succeeded John as Warden of King's
HaU, John having vacated that patent in his brother's favour a
year before his death. After enjoying various Church dignities, he
was consecrated Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield in the year 1503,
* For this explanation of the fragmentary coat we are iudebted to the late Mr.
Swift, of Sheffield.
tHarl. MSS. 1093, foi. 127.
I Reliquary, April, 1865.
% History of Salisbury Cathedral, p. 209 ; Hardy's Le Neve, vol. ii., pp. 302, 600;
"Whittaker's Richmond, p. 37.

NORTON. 295
and retained this bishopric for thirty years up to the time of his
death. The monument we have just described was put up by
Geoffrey to the memory of his parents. In 1524 he also founded a
chantry where mass should be said for the benefit of their souls.
This Chantry is thus described in the Chantry EoU : —
" The Chauntry beynge a Donatyve founded by Jeffreye Blythe,
somtyme Bysshoppe of Coventre and Lychfeld to praye for the soule
of Hen. VII. etc. cxjs. viijd. clere cxj.?. viijd. with cvjs. viijd. pur
chased of the Abbott and Convent of Derbye, and now payd oute
of the Corte ef Augmentacons and vs. for his mancyon house with
a garden which the Vicar of Norton did let to ferme. Eob. Aleyn
Chauntry Preste. Stock vujs. j chalyce and ij vestments. Will.
Blythe the patron thereof keypth."
The " mancyon house," belonging to this chantry, was, after the
Eeformation, turned into an alehouse, but was puUed down at
the commencement of the century. It stood on the western
side of Norton Green, and Geoffrey purchased the land from
the parish for ten marks on condition of their keeping up a
stock of ten kine. The vicar was responsible for this, and
in default was to forfeit his weekly aUowance of nine gaUons
of ale, and nine keyst of bread, which he received from Beauchief
Abbey, ttU the stock was made good.
An alabaster slab, to the memory of Eichard Blythe, who mar
ried Katharine Bfrchett, may still be seen on the floor of the
chancel, though much obUterated and disfigured. We can, however,
give tbe greater part of the inscription from a transcript that was
made on the 18th of July, 1781 — "Orate pro aminabus Eicardi
Bhthe et Katbarinae uxoris ejus quiquidem Eicardus obiit xxiiij
die ... . vicessimo quarto  pp .... Amen."* WUliam
Blythe, mentioned tn the Chantry EoU, would be the eldest son of
Eichard, and nephew of the Bishop. There was another nephew
of the same name, son of the eldest brother, Thomas, but he was
not connected, with the manor of Norton, having come into a large
fortune -with his wife, and residing at Barnby, Yorks. Nor can
there be any doubt that Bishop Geoffrey, at the same time that
he erected this tomb, also built the chapel, which forms the south
aisle of the chancel, for the purposes of a chantry to the memory
of his parents, and probably restored the church throughout. The
buttresses on each side of the doorway frito this chapel, are ornamented
with shields carved on the stone. That on the left hand has the
* Pegge's C ollections, vol. iii.

296 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
arms of Blythe, whilst that on the right is now defaced, and was
in that condition even when Bassano visited the church about
1710. But that gentleman was assured by Mr. Tricket, who was
then vicar, that it formerly bore Coventry and Lichfield.
The original oaken roof of this chapel is in a fafr state of pre
servation. The bosses are effectively carved ¦with various devices,
amongst which may be noticed, alpha and omega, I.H.S., a rose,
the arms of Blythe, and the initial letter B.
In Hunter's Collections, * there is an tateresting correspondence
preserved between the Vicar of Norton and his Bishop relative to
the interior arrangements of this church, tn the first half of the
seventeenth- century. A letter to the Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry
from the vicar, Richard Edwards, under date 27th December, 1637,
states that when he first came the reading pew stood at the
uppei> end of the church on the south side, the middle alley being
five feet -wide and eight feet long, and the pulpit on the north side
over against it. A few years after, the churchwarden with bis as
sent, removed the reading pew to the north side against the pulpit.
John BuUock, his " worthy patron and lord of the manor," pro
cured a grant from the Bishop, of the place where the reading pew
had stood, for a seat ; but in the meantime some of the parishioners
had put a seat there, four feet wide, which Mr. BuUock occupied.
But about 1629 Mr. George Gill, having married a gen tie woman, of
good worth, got permission to place a seat there, and now that the
church was undergoing repafrs a dispute had arisen between Mr.
Gill and Mr. BuUock. John Bullock in answer to interrogatories,
said that " the pretended qufre is no part of either the church or
chancell, but foutided in Henry 7th time by Bishop Blythe, your
lordship's predecessor, and dedicated by him, together with the
chantry there, for a singinge masse-priest. Both of which were
dissolved by a statute of Edward VI. and granted away from the
Crown, which qufre hath continued by name of the Blythes (as
thefr lay fee) ever since, and by them repayred and used for a
burying place. The sayd Bishop's father and mother being there
entombed, and the sayd Bishop himselfe, his brother of Sahsbury,
and all the rest of the said Blythes children pictured about the
sayd tombe, untUl about 14 years since, that Charles Blythe now
living sold the said quire together with the Manor of Norton unto
mee, reserving a burying place therein for himself and famUy. Which
quire I finding in great decay of that side adjointag my chancel (to
•Hunter's Collections. Add. MSS. 24, 477, f. 16.

NORTON. 297
the ruin of the sayd side thereof) I offered to the parish to repaire."
Tbis offer appears to have been ungraciously received by the parish,
especially by PhUip GUI, upon which, Mr. BuUock, " advising with
workmen," seems to have completed the repairs on his own responsi
bility. How Mr. BuUock and Mr. GiU eventuaUy settled thefr differ
ences is not related.
Mr. Charles Blythe, fi-om whom Mr. Bullock purchased the Manor
of Norton, was the fourth in dfrect descent from Eichard Blythe, the
brother of the bishops. He died tn 1645. John BuUock died two
years later, and was tnterred in the church at Norton, but his tomb,
which was noted by Bassano, in 1710, has disappeared. The Bullocks
had purchased other lands tn the parish, nearly a century before
Charles Blythe sold the manor.
Though there are no other ancient monuments visible in the church,
it is supposed that certain memorials are concealed under the Hasel-
barow pew. Dr. Pegge was informed by Mr. Newton that " he once
saw under the Haselbarow seat two or three of the Seliokes, in effigy
at fuU length, but they are aU now boarded up." But a later
authority mentions that a tomb in bas-relief of a Selioke under a pew
was broken up during alterations of the present century.''' The
Seliokes, of Haselbarow Hall, in this parish, were a very ancient
family. Ten generations are recorded tn the Visitation of 1569.
They continued on that estate tiU the reign of Queen EUzabeth, when
it was sold to the Stories. WUliam Blythe, of Bfrchett, son of
Eichard, married one of the Sehokes.
Prom Bassano's notes, as well as from another manuscript source,
a few further particulars can be obtained with respect to this church
at the commencement of the last century.t There were then two
stones in the south aisle, on which there had been portraitures in
brass. One of these was the wife of Major Spencer, of Atterchff.
She was the daughter of Leonard GUI, Esq., of the Oaks, Norton,
and dying in childbed, was represented with the infant in her arms. J
The Oaks was occupied by the GUIs, who succeeded to the Morewoods
in the seventeenth century, and it subsequently passed by marriage
to tbe Bagshawes. The other brass had the portraits of John
Parker, of Norton Lees, and his wife. Thomas Parker settled at
Norton Lees, as early as the reign of Eichard IL, by marriage with
tbe hefress of Gotham, and John Parker was the last of his direct
* Hunter's CoUections. Add. MSS. 24,466.
fAdd. MSS., 6701, foi. 60.
X Haines' Manual of Monumental Brasses, vol. i., p. 220.

298 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
male descendants, and died in the reign of Charles I. Anne, the
daughter and hefress of John Parker, brought the estate to Francis
Barker. There was also an elaborate coat of arms emblazoned tn the east
window, which has now disappeared. We take the description of
this coat from Bassano's notes, and add in brackets the famUies to
which the different bearings probably belonged : —
"A quartered coat, 1st and 4th, az., two che-vrons, or (Alfreton, for
Chaworth) ; 2nd and 3rd, arg., an escutcheon with an orle of sex de
foUes, sa. (Caltoft) ;
¦with which is another quartered coat impaled —
" 1. Arg., a fesse, ^'it. (bome by many famUies, but probably here
Weldon). "2.  .
" 3. Az., a chevron, or, within an orle of bezants (Zouch).*
" 4. Or, three pales, gu., ¦within an orle of bezants (Basset).+
" 5. Az., a crosse, arg., quarter-pierced" (Aylesbury).
These arms are of much interest tn connection with the history of
the manor of Norton. Thomas, Lord Alfreton, the great grand-son of
Eobert Fitz-Eanulph, the founder of Beauchief, and lord of the manor
of Norton, died without issue, and this manor passed with one of bis
sisters and co-hefresses to WiUiam Chaworth.J From the Chawortbs
it passed in the fifteenth century to John Ormond, and thence in
moieties to Dynham and Babington. Subsequently both moieties
were purchased by the Blythes.
When WiUiam Chaworth married Alice, co-hefress of Alfreton, he
assumed the latter arms. Sfr WUUam Chaworth, the sixth in descent
from this match, married, in 1398, Alice, daughter and hefress of Sfr
John Caltoft. Their son and hefr, in whose life-time the coat of arms
in the east -window was probably put up, married Ehzabeth, who re
presented a co-heiress of Zouch, of Harringworth. The presence of
* The arms of Zouch varied much in tincture, at a time when tinctures were fre
quently changed for " a difference." The field -waa usuaUy gules, but not only did
the field vary, for the chevron is found argent and ermine. — Papworth's British
Armorials, p. 465, etc.
t The arms of the ¦wide-spreading family of Basset were in almost endless variety,
and altered -with much apparent caprice. The arms of Basset, Lord ¦Weldon, are
more than once given as above, but within a bordure besanty. That exceUent
herald, -WiUiam Wyrley, iu his rare treatise, The True Ose of Armorie (1592), takes
the family of Basset to Ulustrate the old way of "differencing." Of this particular
??'^*,^°d'^?'^^^~"^^P^-^^^^®*' *'^® eldest Sonne of Eichard, which Eichard and
Mauld EydeU, and to whom his mother gave the baronie of "Weldon, bare gold three
pals red, a border of Steele studded -ivith gold compassing the same about."
Inq. post Mort. 29 Edward I., No. 109; 31 Edw. HI., No. 4; 37 Henry -PI., No. 25.

NORTON. 299
the other coats on this shield wUl be explained by referring to the
pedigree of Elizabeth Babtngton tn the account of Ashover Chiu-ch.*
The gift of the church of Norton to the Abbey of Beauchief simply
impUed, in the first instance, the gift of the advowson. When Pope
Nicholas' Taxation EoU was taken in 1291, Norton is described as an
"ecclesia" (not a -vicarage) worth £8 Os. Od. per annum. But sub
sequently the rectorial tithes were appropriated by the monastery,
and Norton made a vicarage. The Valor Ecclesiasticus of 27 Henry
VIIL, gives the foUowing details with respect to the vicarage and
chantry of Norton : — NOETON VICAEIA.
Abbas de Bello Capite Patronus.
Dominus Thomas Gilberte Vicarius ibidem habet communibus annis ut sequitur.
. £ s. d.
In primis in mansione cum glebis et pertinenciis - xx
Item in eorrodio de monasterio de BeUo Capite et valet per annum Iiij iiij
Item in paschali rotiUo communibus annis xl
Item in decimis minutis ut ancarum porceUorum Iini et ovorum vj -viij
Item iu oblationibus xiij iiij
Summa v xiij iiij

de quibus nihil oneratur.
NOETON CANTEEIA.
Fundata per GaJfridum BUthe nuper Coventrensem et Lichfeldensem episoopum.
£ s. d.
Dominus Eobertus Alanus oantarista ibidem habet in mansionef
cum gardiuo per ibidem - ... v
Item de monasterio de Darley in comitatuDerbie in pensione v vj vjij
Summa -if xi viij

The same authority gives the clear annual value of the rectory of
Norton, then tn the hands of the Abbey, as £7 16s. Id. The Abbey
also possessed other properties within the parish, which brought them
m an additional income of £13 19s. 2d.
The Parliamentary Commission of 1650 reported the vicarage of
Norton to be worth £23 15s. Od. per annum. The incumbent was
one " Mr. KeUam Mainwaring, who hath formerly been sequestered in
another countye, and is scandalous. "J
The tower, which is of no great elevation, is entered by a modern
doorway on the south side. Its summit is embattled and ornamented
¦with turrets. Judging from the -windows of the bell-chamber, we are
• See ante, Ashover Church, p. 32 ; also p. 11 for the account of the tomb of John
Ormond, at Alfreton.
tThe chantry house (or mansion) was situated on the west side of Norton Green.
Lysons makes a singular blunder in describing it as the chantry chapel, and says
that after the Eeformation it was desecrated and turned into an alehouse, but finally
pnUed down by Mr. Joseph Offley. The chantry chapel was -within the church; the
house pulled down by Mr. OfHey was merely the house bui'it by Bishop Blythe for the
residence of the chantry priest.
+ ParUamentary Survey of Livings, vol. vi., p. 468 (Lambeth Palace MSS.)

300 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
inclined to think that the tower is of httle earUer date than the body
of the church, which appears to have been rebuUt in the time of
Henry VIL The ascent to the beUs is by no means an easy task, as
the tower is destitute of a stafrcase, and the ladders lack many a
rung, whilst the trap door, through which one has finally to squeeze,
is of very smaU dimensions. The clerk amused us much -with narrat
ing the experiences of a former fat adventurer who had stuck fast in
this aperture for a considerable period. After all one's trouble the
climb is but poorly repaid, for the beUs, which are six in number,
bear the date of 1810. They were cast by James Harrison, of Barton.
In the churchyard, which is well kept, may be noticed the lower
portion of the shaft of the old cross, standing upon four cfrcular
steps.

fin^Hn.

PinfHn.

CONSIDEEABLE part of the parish of Pinxton Ues in
the county of Nottiaghamshfre, but the church and vil-
l^^^^^i^l lage are in Derbyshfr-e. Lysons says that the manor is
supposed to have been the Snodeswic, which was given by Wulfric
Spott, as an appendage to Morton, to Burton Abbey ; and the
Esnotrewic of the Domesday Survey, which was held by Drago
under Wilham Peverell. The manor of Pinxton was subsequently
held for many generations in connection with the whole or a moiety
of the adjacent manor of South Normanton, and we refer the reader
to the account of South Normanton church, for the' various re
ferences to the history of the advowson of this rectory that we
have been able to coUect. It will there be seen that Nicholas and
Alice Longford sold thefr share of Pinxton and Normanton to Sir
WiUiam Babington, of ChUweU, at the commencement of the reign
of Henry VI. , and this share seems to have included the advow
son of Pinxton, for Sfr WiUiam Babington died seized of half the
manor of Pinxton and the advowson of the church before the end
of the same reign.* Sir William Babington was Chief Justice of
the Common Pleas, and filled various other legal offices in the
reign of Henry. According to Nichols he was buried at Lenton
Priory, 1455, "having hved 99 years tn godly life and conversa
tion. "-t The advowson descended from the Babingtons to the
Sheffields, and subsequently continued to belong to the various
holders of the manor. There is no reason to doubt that there
was an independent benefice at Pinxton as early as the thirteenth
century ; and it is, therefore, very strange to find it altogether
omitted from the Taxation EoU taken in 1291. It is not, however,
omitted from the next roU-caU of -the clergy and their benefices
*Inq. post Mort. 33 Hen., "VI., No. 23.
t Nichol's Collectanea, vol. viii., p. 319.

304 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
— the Valor Ecclesiasticus of 27 Henry VHII. — where it is thus
described : — PYNKSTON EECTOEIA.
Shefield Patronus ibidem.
Dominus Christoferus Eoodes rector ibidem habet in communibus annis ut sequitur.
In mansione cum gleba et pertinenciis - xx
In decimis garbarum et feni Uij iiij
In paschaU rotulo xxxiij
In decimis lane et agneUorum vj viij
In oblationibus . v
In decimis carbonum - iiij
In decimis molendini Uij
In decimis minutis ij viij

Summa vi x vUj

From this total a deduction for archidiaconal fees was made of
10s., leaving a clear income of £6 Os. 8d.
The Parliamentary Commissioners reported of " Pinkestone," in
1650, that it was fit to be united to South Normanton and South
Normanton to be enlarged "df there be neede." Mr. Ealph Eboades
was then the incumbent.
The church is dedicated to St. Helen, and is a most singular
structure. It may confidently lay claim to the palm for ughness
among aU the churches of the Hundred of Scarsdale. Tbe more
modern part of the church consists of a chancel and nave, with a
porch at the west end. On the south side of the chancel is a
fr-agment of the old church -with the tower. The round-headed
windows, and general aspect of the main part of the buildtag, clearly
point to the style that was in vogue about the middle of last cen
tury. The actual date of the rebuUding is probably indicated on
one of the beams of the roof of the nave, which is incised -with
the letters " F.L." and the year "1755." Some of these beams
appear to have formed part of an earher roof of the Perpendicular
period. The old font is still preserved close to the western door.
It is of large dimensions, and of a plain octagonal form on a weU-
moulded base. It stands a little over three feet high, and is
twenty-nine inches in diameter across the top. The basin is
twenty-two inches in diameter and twelve deep.
In the pa^ving of the aisle of the nave may be noticed several
fragments of early incised slabs, aU apparently of the thfrteenth
century or thereabouts. On one of these, that lacks the head, is
the stem of a sepulchral cross, having on the dexter side a pafr
of shears, and on the sinister a sword. This fragment is of much ,
interest to those who study these early memorials. In the first
place the form of the shears is pecuhar ; they have double-pierced

PINXTON. 305
handles, like modern taUor's scissors, a shape that we have not pre
viously noticed, and which we faU to find depicted in any of the
manuals of incised slabs with which we are acquainted. Doubt
less when originally sculptured, their shape would point to some
weU-known distinctive branch of the lucrative trade of woolstapler
or clothier. Again, a controversy at one time existed among anti
quaries, to which allusion is elsewhere made in these pages,* as to
the meaning of the symbol of the shear^ ; for it was contended by
some that they were merely an emblem of the female sex. The
combination, however, of symbols on this slab — a combination
hitherto unnoted — affords an additional argument against the cor
rectness, of this surmise. The sword and shears seem to point out
that the deceased, though a wool merchant, or of a wool mer
chant's famUy, bore arms in the field. Beyond these fragments
there are no early memorials. One of post-Eeformation date, from
the chancel floor, is perhaps worthy of reproduction from the
quaint way in which the words are divided and the absence of
proper space between them : —
"MARCH121674 THBNWASHEKB INTEKKDTHK
BODYOFMAKYKBL SAIiAGED82"
A modern semi-cfrcular archway opens from the south side of the
chancel into a portion of the old edifice. The east side of tbis
,chapel, as it were, which is but about six feet across, is Ughted
by a comparatively modern square-headed ¦window of three lights,
and the west end by a smaU lancet window of the Early English
period in the thirteenth century. Of the same date is a stone
bracket with boldly cut foliage against the south waU.
A smaU doorway, not six feet high, opens into the basement of
the tower. The tower is in itself pecuhar for its oblong shape,
its east and west sides being much less in width than the north
and south. It is of a later date than the lancet window, as is at
once shown by the Decorated tracery of the pointed east window,
which alone gives light, the other sides being unpierced. It is evi
dent, both from the interior and exterior, that the upper part of
the tower, though composed of old material, has been rebuUt —
perhaps at the time when the body of the church was re-erected.
This is plainly shown by the square-topped wtndo-ws of the beU-
* See the subsequent account of the Church at Pleasley. X

306 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
chamber, the lintels of which, as may be seen from the inside,
have done duty in the base of some earlier windows.
The tower contains two beUs. The only one in use bears the
inscription, " Thomas Mears, of London, fecit, 1803." The other
one, which is woefuUy cracked, is of considerable age. It has no
bell-founders' mark or date, but the inscription, tn black-letter,
runs as foUows: — "Ave gratia plena dominus tecum."
The south wall of the tower is supported by two buttresses,
which only reach to the first story. This tower, and its adjacent
fragment of old work, are not a httle puzzling ; but the most likely
conjectm-e that occurred to us was this, that the part of the old
church that now opens out of the chancel, occupied the same rela
tive position to the body of the original church, to which it served
as a transept, or chantry for the side altar, at the time when the
Early English lancet windows were tn vogue ; that the doorway,
that now leads into the tower, then opened on the churchyard ;
and that the tower was an after-thought, the church havtag pre
viously only had a western beU-turret, and that it was built on to
the end of this chantry as the most convenient and least expen
sive place. This, too, might account for the pecuUarity of its
oblong shape, for had it been buUt of an equal square -with the
previously existing wall, it would have been so large as to be quite
out of proportion with the rest of the church.
When Bassano visited this church, about 1710, he made a few in
teresting notes relative to it, though it had then no monuments,
arms, or inscriptions, save a shield cut tn wood over the chancel
archway, upon which were the emblems of our Saviour's passion.
As to the quaint disposition of the church he remarks, " what seems
observable here is that ye steple stands on ye south side of ye
church, which seems to have -been budded at several times." He
records the tradition that Sfr Hugh Pinkinson was once the lord
of this manor, that from him it went to the family of Cliffords,
and that here was born Fair Eosamund. It is interesting to note
that, though one hundred and fifty years have elapsed since this
was written, the tradition, -with respect to Fafr Eosamund ha-ving
been born in a castle close to this chm-ch, is yet whispered about
in the neighbourhood. Eosamund was the daughter of Walter,
Lord Clifford. Bassano further describes the hiUocks, and traces of
waUs that then remained to the south and west of the churchyard.
Certain of these hiUocks were opened in 1686, when searching for
coal ; and several old lead pipes were discovered, which had served

PINXTON. 307
in former days to convey water to the ancient mansion. But a
more interesting discovery than this was made about the same
time on the east side of the churchyard, when there were found
" Imagies of ye Tfrginn and 12 apostles, fuUy portrayed and curi
ously cut tn alibaster, with gold upon them then fafre to be seen."
What has become of these interesting relics ?

JflFHSlpg.

^Hirrldrool!.

plpflllpg.

F the manor of Pleasley (or Plesley) no mention is made in
the Domesday Survey. One of the earliest aUusions to it,
with which we are acquainted, is in the abstract of pleadtags
of the year 1213, when Ealph WUloughby had a freehold in Pleseley.*
The WUloughbys came origtaaUy from Lincolnshfre, but obtataed a
standfrig in this county by marriage -with one of the co-hefresses of
Serlo de Plesley, who died in 1203. But the interest of the
WUloughbys at that time appears to have been rather ta the park of
Pleasley, than ia the manor proper. This park of Pleasley, generally
termed Warsop Wood, was subsequently held for several generations
by the family of Eoos.t
In the reign, however, of Edward I., both the manor and church of
Pleasley were held conjointly by Thomas Beck, who also obtained a
special grant of free warren. |- The Beck family settled in this county
at an early period, for shortly after the Conquest we find one Ernulf de
Beck, lord -of the manor of HUton, in the parish of Marston-on-Dove.§
Thomas Beck, of Pleasley, held the important office of Lord
Treasurer to Edward I., and was also appointed by the king to the
Bishopric of St. David's on the subjection of Wales. || Pleasley must
* Placitorum Abbreviatio, 14 John, Eot. 13, in dorso.
tinq. post Mort. 46 Bdw. III., No. 8; 9 Hen. VL, No. 48.
I Calend. Eot. Chart., 13 Edw. L, No. 105.
{Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. i., p. 355. For the early pedigree of Beck or
Beke, see Nichol's Collectanea, vol. iv., pp. 381-345.
[I At the time of the first estabUshment of Christianity in Britain there were three
Archbishops, whose sees were situated at London, York, and Caerleon, the last being
transferred to Mynyw, in 519, on account of its too great proximity to the Saxons,
aud afterwards called St. David's, from the Archbishop who effected the removal.
To twenty-six of his successors did the title remain, but Archbishop Sampson,
alarmed ai; the plague, removed with aU his clergy, to Dol, in Brittany, and the sub
sequent possessors of the see of St. David's were merely styled bishops. In 1115,
Bishop Bernerd submitted to the metropoUtan of Canterbury, and'lost for the 'Welsh
Church its independence. , Several of his successors, however, including the cele-
. brated Giraldus Cambrensis, stoutly resisted the jurisdiction of Canterbury, and the
final claim was made by Thomas Beck, when in 1284 a general visitation of the
Welsh dioceses was made by Johu Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury. The ap.
peal was disallowed, and Peckham avenged himself on Bishop Beck, by depriving
tbe resident priests of the Cathedral of their canonries, because they had adhered to
the primitive custom of marriage. — ¦Wilkins, vol. ii., p. 106.

312 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
have been a place of some httle importance at this period in its
history, for the bishop obtained in the year 1284, a grant of a market
here, as well as a fair for three days at the festival of St. Mark.*
On the death of the Bishop of St. David's, his brother Anthony
succeeded to his estates, and died seized of the manor and advowson
of Pleasley in ISll.f The Becks seem to have been a famUy that
basked in royal favour. Anthony was the second son of Walter Beck,
Baron of Eresby, in Lincolnshire. He accompanied Prince Edward
to the Holy Land, and was one of his closest friends. On his return
to England tn 1274 with Edward, who was then king, Anthony
entered into orders, and was rapidly preferred. He obtained
successively a prebendary at Dublin, a canonry at Pontefract, and a
prebendary at Eipon. In 1275 he was made Archdeacon of Durham,
and prebend of St. Paul's, London. As to secular appointments, he
held during aU this time the office of royal secretary, and was also
keeper of the wardrobe, and constable of the Tower. On the 9th of
July, 1283, he was elected Bishop of Durham, and was not enthroned
tUl two years later ; when, o-wing to a dispute between the Archbishop
of York and the Prior of Durham, as to the right of performing the
ceremony, he received the mitre from the hands of his brother,
Thomas Beck, the Bishop of St. David's. He was also held tn great
favour by Pope Clement V. , who conferred upon him the high-sound
ing but empty title of Patriarch of Jerusalem. He died in 1811, after
a most memorable episcopate.^
On the death of Anthony, the manor of Pleasley was divided into
moieties between his two nieces, the daughters and co-heiresses of
John Beck, Lord of Eresby, who married respectively into the famUies
of Harcourt and WiUoughby. The advowson of the church went
with the WiUoughby moiety, for we find that Eobert WUloughby died
seized of it tn the tenth year of Edward II.§ The WiUoughbys'
moiety (with the advowson) remained in that famUy for several
generations, II but subsequently passed, according to Lysons, to tbe
Leakes ; and, on the death of Nicholas, last Earl of Scarsdale, both
manor and advowson were purchased by Henry ThornhUl. But the
*Not St. Luke, as Lysons has it. See Quo -Warranto EoUs, 4 Bdw. IH., where the
grant of Edward I. is repeated with fuU details.
-)-Inq. post Mort., 4 Edw. II., No. 46.
{ See the sketch of Anthony Beck's life in the preface to the Registrum Palati
num Dunelmenae. His life yet remains to be -written ; and, if thoroughly and ably
done, would form a biography of surpassing interest.
§ Inq. post Mort., 10 Bdw. H., No. 48.
II Inq. post Mort., 30 Hen. ^VI., No. 18. There is a good abstract of the history of
Pleasley manor amongst the 'WoUey CoUections. Add. MSS. 6674, ff. 138 to 144.

PLEASLEY, 313
Earl of Shrewsbury was patron of the li^ving in the reign of
Henry VIII.
The church of Pleasley was valued at £10 per annum in 1291, ac
cording to the valuation taken for Pope Nicholas IV. The Valor
Ecclesiasticus, 27 Henry VIIL, gives the following particulars respect
ing the benefice at that date : —
PLESLEY EECTOEIA.
Georgius Comes Salopie Patronus.
Dominus Nicholaus Herryson, rector ibidem habet communibus annis ut sequitur.
£ s. d.
In mansione et glebis - xij
In uno tenemento et uno cotagia xiij
In decimus garbarum et feni vj v
In decimis lane et agnellorum xl
In decimis minutis v
In oblationibus x
In pasohaU rotulo xxx

Summa xj

This left a clear annual value, after deducting the archidiaconal
fees, of ^10 4s. 5d. But the Parhamentary Commissioners of 1650,
estimated its value at £100 a year. At the time of their visit Mr.
John Beayse was the incumbent, whom they report to be ''a delin
quent of dangerous principles."
The church of Pleasley is dedicated to St. Michael, and consists
simply of a chancel, nave, south porch, and western tower. That a
church existed here in the Norman period is e^vident from the arch
way that divides the nave from the chancel. The arch is handsomely
moidded and ornamented with the alternate bUlet pattern.. The
jambs, which are sUghtly out of the perpendicular, are twelve feet
apart. This is the only remnant of Norman work, and seems to be of
the reign of the first Henry.
The east wiadow of the chancel has two principal lights, and is of
smaU dimensions for such a situation. It is an early plata specimen
of the Decorated style, about tbe commencement of the fourteenth
century. Two stmUar windows hght the south side of the nave, whUst one,
a Uttle more elaborate tn design, with a trefoU head, is tn the south
waU of the chancel. These windows, however, seem to us to have
been inserted in the waUs at an earlier date, and we are inclined
to think that the greater part of the walls of the body of the
church are the same that were erected when the Early English
style prevaUed. Three small lancet windows of this date are on
the north side, two in the nave and one in the chancel, and there
is also one on the south side. These windows are all widely
splayed on the inside, the walls being of considerable thickness.

314 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
The archway into the tower is open to the church, and is sup
ported by two plain corbels. There is an ascent of three steps to
the base of the tower, and here is placed the font. It appears
to be of modern construction, except, perhaps, the ¦wide circular
base. The tower is of the Perpendicular period. The west ¦window is
of limited size, and has a doorway beneath it. Inside the belfry,
in the west waU, may be noticed two stones bearing, portions of ah
incised cross, which has been broken up for building purposes when
the tower was being erected. This chamber is hghted, too, on the
south, by a deeply -recessed window; and the lintel is formed of a
large fragment of what has doubtless once served for a coffin lid.
The slab is now about two feet wide by four in length. Down the
centre of the exposed surface are the double incised hnes which
formed the stem of a cross, on the sinister side of which is the
rudely-executed symbol of a key. As ia our descriptions of Derby
shire churches we shaU on several occasions again meet with this
symbol, it will not be amiss to write a few words on tbis disputed
potat. The popular theory is, that the key on monumental slabs
tadicates the profession ,of a smith or a locksmith ; but this notion
seems to be clearly untenable, when the other emblems with which
it is often found in association are taken into account. Thus, for
instance, among the slabs at BakeweU, is one upon which both a
key and a pair of shears are depicted ; and the conclusion ought
therefore to be drawn, that the individual whom it commemorated
combined the unlikely trades of a smith and a woolstapler. Another '
suggestion, which has found some favour, is that the key, as weU
as the shears, is only the emblem of a female interment. But here
again, the combination in which these emblems are found, together
with other reasons th-at wUl occur to the student of incised slabs,
seems to forbid this supposition. The thfrd theory (first suggested
we believe by Mr. BouteU in his Christian Monuments), and one that
strongly commends itself, is that the key points out the official
station of the persons commemorated, such as a town magistrate,
or other office of local importance. This supposition of magisterial
office wUl be found to be quite tn harmony with the symbols that
are found in combination with the key. Mr. BouteU weU remarks
" that a key was regarded as the symbol of local authority is sig
nificantly declared by the mayor offering the keys of the town over
which he presides to the sovereign on the occasion of a royal visit
— a custom continued from the ' olden time ' to our own days. A

PLEASLEY. 315
weU-known instance of the use of the key as an official symbol is
its being worn by the Lord Chamberlain of the royal household."*
The summit of the tower is embattled, and has at the angles
four short crocketed pinnacles. These pinnacles are all stoutly
secured with fron clamps, and other iron stays may be seen at the
north-west angle of the tower. These are the traces of the repairs
necessitated by an earthquake, which, according to Lysons, made
"a large chasm" in the church steeple on Sunday, the 17th of
March, 1816. According to a description given to us by an aged
eye--witness of the scene, this term erred on the side of exaggera
tion, but it |s true that " a slight fissure " was then made, and
that the pinnacles were shaken. We were told that the only other
damage done by the earthquake in that neighbourhood was the
shaking of the chimneys of the adjacent rectory. This earthquake
appears to have been generally felt throughout the midland counties.
On the north side of the church is a small doorway, now blocked
up, which was formerly called the Stoney Houghton door, being
the door on that side of the church which was nearest to the
hamlet of that name. The church now bears a high-pitched roof
of slate, which was substituted for a flat one of lead, about thirty
years ago, when the vestry to the north of the chancel was erected,
and other alterations and repairs effected. At this time the external
eepulchral recess on the south side of the chancel was opened, but
contained neither stone coffin nor other remains, but merely a coffin-
ehaped slab. It seems probable that it was originally built in the
waU, as a receptacle for one of the founders, or rather re-founders,
of the church ; but that it was never used, owing to his elsewhere
finding a place of sepulture.
Tbis church seems to have been singularly destitute of monu
mental or heraldic remains. Bassano passes over Pleasley -without
any notice, but, amongst the various manuscript collections of a
later date that we have consulted, two references have been found
relative to this church. Hunter visited Pleasley on the 10th of
August, 1802, when he copied the foUowing inscription from a stone
in the nave : — " Here with his ancestors lyeth the mortall part of
John Stuffyn of Shirebrook, Gent., who at his house there in the
month of January A.D. 1695, yielded up his loyall breath, aged 80
years. He left issue by Mary his wife, daughter and sole hefress
of John Feme of Hopton, Gent. — John Stuffyn of Shfrbrook sonne
and heir of Hopton of the iuheritence of his mother, & Mary, &
*BouteU's Christian Monuments, p. 84. See also, Cutts' Manual of Sepulchral
Slabs, p. 42.

316 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Bridget. (WiUiam and Hercules died without issue.) " To the copy
of this inscription is appended a further note, in which be sa3's,
"I visited this church' again 2 August, 1848. I did not observe
this inscription. It has I fear been destroyed in the late restoration
of the chm-ch." *
The Stuffyns, of Shirebrook, were an ancient and weU-connected
famUy, who held lands there in tbe time of Edward Il.t In the
reign of Edward III. they held the manor of Brimington, in the
parish of Chesterfield, and subsequently obtained by marriage, as is
recorded tn this description,' the manor, or rather a portion of the
manor of Hopton, which was afterwards sold to Sir Phihp GeU.
John Stuffyn, of Hopton, the last male heir, died the year after
his father's decease (1696), according to Bassano, who mentions
his monument in the parish church of Wirksworth. He also
describes the monument that was then in the chancel, but much
defaced, to the memory of John Feme, of Hopton. The hefress
married Hacker, of TroweU, in Nottinghamshfre.
A short description of the church, written about 1815, mentions
that there was then -within the raUs an incised slab, bearing a cross
fleury, a book, and a chahce, so that the "restoration" seems to
have been of an unusuaUy destructive nature. The same account
speaks of " a double chancel, one beyond the other ; the first arch;
cfrcular and depressed, -with bUlet mouldings, has been crampt ; the
pUasters have square plata mouldings ; the inner arch circular and
quite plain. "J
Over the entrance to the porch is a plain mural sun-dial, about
two feet square, bearing at the top the date 1772, but not other-
¦wise inscribed.
The tower contains three bells. The first has a rudely- executed
inscription in large Gothic letters, a portion of which is apparently
omitted, but may have been intended for " Sancta Maria." The
conclusion of the inscription is marked by a cross pate ; in tbis
and in the character of the letters it resembles the two first bells
at Barlborough. The second : — " God save the Church, 1818."
The third:— "God save the King. C. J., M. H., Wardens, 1675."
The parish accounts for the year 1724 contain the foUo-wing
entry : — " For hanging ye great beU £2."

* Collectanea Hunterianea. Add. MSS., 24, 466.
t Inq. post Mort. 16 Edw. IL, No. 27. " Hugo Scuff
nd one bovate of land at Shirebrook.
J Lysons' Correspondence. Add. MSS. 9448, f. 272.

t Inq. post Mort. 16 Edw. IL, No. 27. " Hugo Scuffyn " died seized of one messuage
and one bovate of land at Shirebrook.

SHIREBROOIC 317

^fft Ci^apelrg of Si^treiiroolt.

fUST on the verge of the county, three mUes to the north
east of Pleasley, is the township and Chapelry of Shire
brook. Very little, in short almost nothing, is known
of the history of tbe chapel of Shirebrook. Lysons simply
remarks, "there is a chapel of ease at Shirebrook, at which
divine ser-vice is performed once a month by the rector of Pleas
ley or his cm-ate." Nor can we judge as to its proba
ble age, for in 1843 a neat stone buUding was erected at a
cost of £1000, in place of a "venerable structure."* The
chapel was kept in repair by a rate levied on the' inhabitants of
the township ; at least so we judge from finding that the accounts
of Shirebrook were kept separate from those of the parish. It is
also curious to note that the buUding was as often termed
"church" as "chapel" in the accounts of last century, and that
tbe guardian of the fabric was designated church-waxden. Mr. John
Booley was churchwarden for Shfrebrook in 1703, and his year's
expenses were : — s. d.
"Disbursement for bread and wine  3 6
Eich. Hudson for ridding dirt out of chapell  0 4
2 fox heads  2 0

5 10

In 1754 the buUding underwent considerable repafrs, and the
endorsement on the back of the yearly accounts — " Mr. Henry
Heath's accounts for the Church of Shirebrook for the years 1754
and 1755 ; at ye same time the steeple was pointed and new
leaded" — proves that it was possessed of some sort of a steeple, but
perhaps, only a beU turret. The expenditure on the chapel itself
for that year was as follows : —
* Bagshawe's Gazetteer of Derbyshire, p. 661.

318 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES. £ s. d.
" A Beesam for the~Chappel  0 0 1
P'^ for wood and worck
Done at the Church  6 1 6
P* to joiners and masons there  8 0 0
P'^ to Eichard Clayton for ale drunck when
Church was repard  ..,  0 18 0 ,,
The parish registers of Pleasley contain the foUo-wing memoran
dum relative to this chapel, which was copied many years ago by
Mr. WoUey—*
" That John Stuffyn, gent., whose ancestors for several genera
tions had considerable estates in Shfrebrook in this parish, were
the sons of the Church of England, and very ser^viceable and bene
ficial to the neighbourhood — did some time before his death give a
pulpit cushion and cloath to the use of the Chappell of Shfrbrook.
He dyed November 23, 1696, and sometime after his decease his
widow and rehct, Mrs. Sarah Stuffyn gave a very fafr Bible in
quarto for the same pious use. And within five years after John
Hacker, jun., nephew of the aforesaid John Stuffyn, and son of
John Hacker of Trowele, in com. Notts., gent, by Mary, daughter
of John Stuffyn of Stuffyn, and Mary Ferns, his wife, gave good
Holland for a Cloath for the Alter at Pleasley; which said John
Hacker is now owner of Stuffyn, by the gift of his said uncle John
Stuffyn." The Taxation Eoll of 1291 does not ascribe any chapel to
Pleasley, nor is it mentioned in the Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry
VIII. The ParUamentary Commissioners of 1650, say : — " Shir-
brook is a chapel of ease, in the parish of Plesley. The chapel
is thought, fitt to be disused and the -vUla'ge connected to Plesley.
One William Thorpe officiates at Sherbrooke, who was formerly
sequestred out of Carsington, in the hundred of Wirksworth",
*Add. MSS. 6697, f. 362.

raprliffp.

jSrarrUffp.

HEEE is no record of a church at Scarchffe when the
Domesday survey was taken ; nor at Paltreton, a hamlet
in this parish, which appears to have then been the more im
portant manor of tbe two. These manors were then held by Ealph
Fitzhubert, and in the time of his grandson, Hubert Fitzralph, a
church was buUt at Scarcliffe, and a chapel (of which no traces
now remain) at Paltreton. The Abbey of St. Helen's, at Derby,
was founded by Eobert, Earl Ferrers, in the reign of Stephen, but the
Canons removed in the foUowing reign to Darley, where they estab
lished the Abbey of St. Mary about the year 1135. Amongst the
earliest endowments of the Abbey^ of Darley was the advowson of
the church of Scarcliffe, together with the chapefry of Palterton,
which was the . gift of Hubert Fitzralph. Hubert was thrice married,
a fact whicli is specified in the charter granting the advowson of the
church of Scarcliffe to the Abbey, " pro salute anime mee, et Sare
uxoris mee, et Edeline quondam spouse mee, et Sare postea uxoris
mee."* His grandson, Ealph de Frechville, confirmed these grants
" on the Saturday next before the feast of St. Gregory the pope,
-at Wynefield, in the year 1243," as well as the gift 'of " his
mother Julian, of a Bovate of land in Scardecliffe."'t Although
Pilkington, foUowed by Davies, attributes the dedication of this
church to All Saints, its true patron, according to the Liber Regis,
is St. Leonard, and this we found to be the impression at present
prevaUing in the parish; but the original chartulary of Darley
Abbey, the highest possible authority, speaks of it as the Church
of St. GUes — "Ecclesia Sancti Egidii de Soardechf" — at the time
when Hubert Fitzralph made an augmentation to the glebe lands.
¦"The Chartulary of Darley Abbey; Cotton MSS. Titus C. ix., f. 115. Another
chartulary of Darley Abbey appears to have belonged, in 1780, to the Master of Em
anuel, Cambridge-, and was then copied by Mr. Cole, who describes it as a thin vellum
volume, in the hand of the reign of Eichard II. This copy is amongst the Cole Col
lections. Add. MSS., 5822, f. 150. Nichols' CoJZectomea (vol. i. p. 200) mentions three
other copies, one in the Bodleian, and two others iu private hands.
fAdd. MSS., 6697, f. 159.

322 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
It is just possible that the church was dedicated to St. Leonard at
some future period when the buUding was being remodeUed.*
The chmch consists of a nave, north aisle, chancel, south -
porch, and a modern tower at the west end. The porch is a
plain building, without -windows, having a pointed roof and
doorway, but it covers a very good Norman entrance. The jambs
of this inner doorway are ornamented with shafts not detached, but
cut out of the same stones as the other parts of the work, which
affords a proof that it is not late ta the Norman style. The
opening reaches no higher than the level of the spriaging of
the arch, the tympanum, or semi-circular stone, betag ornamented
¦with a variety of geometrical patterns arranged with much
caprice. The surface is di^vided into small squares, fiUed in ¦with
various devices, the tatersection of diagonal liaes, two intersect-
iag triangles, &c., (fee. We have occasionally seen patterns of
a like description in a similar position (e. g. tbe porch of Tissington
Church), but the tympanum is more usuaUy ornamented with rudely
sculptured figures of animated Ufe. On entering the church we at
once notice further traces of the original fabric presented by Hib
bert Fitzralph to the monks of Darley. The north aisle is separated
from the nave by four round arches. These arches are supported
by three Norman piUars of different construction, one being circular,
another octagon, and the third formed of a cluster of four smaUer
ones. Though the archway into the chancel is a pointed one, the
jambs appear to be of older construction, and may, we think, from
their mouldings be safely assigned to the original Norman building.
The priest's smaU door, on the south side of the chancel, is also a
good specimen of old Norman work, though the fresh-cut appearance
of the moulding inclines one, at first, to a belief in its modern origin.
It was, however, according to our informant, merely freed fi-om
plaster, and scraped, a few years ago, when much of the church
was renovated and put in order. In the south-east comer of
the chancel, against the south wall, may be noticed a small Nor
man piscina. The drafri itself is tn a square stone projecting from
the waU, and above it is a diminutive rounded niche nine inches
¦wide by seven high. During a subsequent alteration this piscina
seems to have been discarded, and, perhaps, hidden by the altar
furniture, another being constructed a little further down in the
wall. Tbis second piscina has a square opening above it, and
forms a component part of the string-course that runs along the
side of the wall.
* On the subject of re-dedication see the account of the church of North -Winfield.

SCARCLIFFE. 323
A small lancet wiadow, on the south side, connects the chancel
¦with the Early English period of the thirteenth century ; another one
of larger dimensions being now blocke4 up with masonry in the op
posite waU.
Below this small window lies an ancient monument of some
celebrity, of which Lysons gives an accurate engraving. We regard
it as perhaps the most interesting memorial that Derbyshire possesses.
It consists of the full length effigy of a lady, holding a child on her
left arm. It is doubtless of the Early Enghsh period ; and
there are but few monuments of that date in such perfect
condition. The head, which rests on a lion, is adorned with
a weU wrought coronet, denoting the high rank of the wearer.
Tbe hafr is gathered up at the sides of the face in plaited braids.
She wears a long plain tunic or dress with tight-fitting sleeves, and
confined by a girdle at the waist. The tunic is fastened at the neck
by a brooch, formed of an open circle with a central iDin. Below it
is an embroidered band crossing the breast, which secures the long
flo-wtng mantle that hangs do'wn behind nearly to the feet ; a fold of
the mantle is brought forward in front and upheld by the right arm.
The left arm is passed round the child, whose feet rest on a sort of
foUated bracket. The infant's right hand reaches up, in a coaxing
attitude, to the face of the mother, and ia the left hand is held a
long scroll. This scroU is delicately engraved with the foUowing
stanza, in rhymed Leonine verse : —
" Hic sub humo strata, mulier jacet tumutala
Constans et grata, Constancia jure vocata,
Cu genetrice data proles requiescit humata,
Quanquam peccata capiti ejus sint cumulata,
Crimine purgata cum prole Johanne beata
Vivat, prefata, sanctorum sede locata. Amen.''
A fragment of the upper part of the scroU is broken, leaving a gap
in Unes one and four, but these omissions are restored from the
complete tascription given by Lysons. The feet of the effigy rest
on a defaced nondescript animal. Fixed to the wall above the monu
ment is a slab with the foUowing inscription : —
" Left by the Lady Constantia
" Five acres of land purchased for the purpose of ringing curfew
at Scarcliff for ever. Three acres and three roods now in the occu
pation of John Coupe and let at the annual rent of three pounds
seven shiUings and sixpence, and known by the names as follows —
Moor close, one acre three roods ; Twenty Lands, one acre and
eighteen perches ; and Honey Croft tliree roods and twenty-two

324 DERBYSHIRE CHURCH?:S.
perches. Also one acre and one rood known by the name of Cock-
Stye now tn the occupation of John Jeffrey and let at the annual
rent of one pound two shUlings and sixpence, 1832."
This bequest of the Lady Constantia gave rise to the legend (for-.
merly current with respect to the original of this monument), that
she and her infant lost thefr way in the neighbouring -woods, and
were in danger of perishing from cold and fatigue, when the
welcome sound of the curfew bell of Scarcliffe church reached her
ear, and guided her to human habitations. In gratitude she left
this land, that the curfew beU might continue its daily toU for
ever.* It has been assumed, and the assumption seems highly probable,
that this lady was one of the baronial famUy of Freche-vUle, ¦who
had held for a time the manor of Scarcliffe. Anker de FrechevUle,
about the year 1175, married the hefress of Hubert FitZrEalph,
and thus became possessed of the manor of ScarcUffe. His grand
son of the same rame, who also held Staveley, joined with the
rebelUous barons at the close of Henry III. reign. In conjunction
with Simon de Montfort, Hngh de Spencer, and others. Anker de
FrechevUle held the to^wn and castle of Northampton. The king as
a requital, seized his lands at Scarcliffe, which were sequestered, and
divided between the Prior of Newstead and Eobert de Grey.t
We must now return to our description of the church. The only
other rehc of the Early English period, that we saw, was tbe base
of a shaft or smaU piUar that now stands on -the north side of tbe
churchyard. It was found, quite recently, built into the masonry
of the waU at the west end of the north aisle, when a doorway
was being pierced into a lean-to of the modern tower, originally
intended for a school-room.
The Decorated style is also' represented on the north side of the
chancel by a two-light pointed window -with trefoU head. FinaUy,
to make up the fuU complement of the styles, examples of the
Perpendicular period are to be found in the east window of the
chancel, and in the windows on each side of tbe smaU lancet-
shaped one in the south waU. The south side of the nave also
possesses a window of that date, but the rest of its light is obtained
* Bassano, -writing in 1710, says of this monument, that it is in honour of a " queen
or lady, who, being big "with chUd and benighted, was by ye ringing of ye beUs
brought to ScarcUffe, where she was deUvered of a son, and both dyed in ye yeare
1000." He adds — " I could not read ye scroyle."
t Anker de Preche-viUe was seized of ScarcUffe 53 Henry III. (vide Inq. post Mort.,
No. 20 of that reign). Two Inquisitions record the manor as held by the Prior of
Newstead— 16 Edw. I., No. 40; and 20 Hen. VI., No. 28.

SCARCLIFFE. 325
from debased openings of post-Eeformation date. The north aisle
is very narrow, being only six feet in width. It is lighted by three
plain square windows, and has above it the like number of small
plerestory windows.
In the east wall, at the end of this aisle, projects a stone bracket
for a saint, with a sculptured margin. High up in the south-east
corner is the doorway of the rood-loft, opening on to the nave.
Tbere is no appearance of there having formerly been any stone
stafrcase leading up to this doorway ; wooden steps or a ladder were
probably here used, of which there is evidence to be found in certain
other churches. A smaU piscina in the south wall, at the eastern
end of the nave, points to the former existence of a second side
altar in this church.
The font, under the west gallery, is of a plain octagonal shape,
free from any ornament. The font itseU, without the base, now
measures niaeteen inches deep by twenty in diameter, but it has
lately been sensibly reduced in size, when being re-cleansed, pre
paratory to occupying its original position. Its fate for many a
long year was to act as a support to one end of the lady's effigy
in the chancel ; but its temporary successor, a basin mounted on a
pilaster, now lies disjointed amidst dirt and refuse at the bottom of
the tower. The font is surmounted by a potated cover of oak, with
the year 1{588 tascribed on one of the panels.
In the vestry is a large old chest, deserving of notice, if only for
its magnitude. The bottom, sides, and lid are made of four
massive planks of oak, ten feet long by two feet broad. It has
only one lock ; but several key-holes, now disused, show its superior
secm-ity ta the days of its prosperity. On the lid, amongst various
scratches and incisions, are cut the initials F. H. and the year
1671, but it certainly numbers, unless we are much mistaken, more
years than two hundred. The Derbyshfre traveUer should compare
this chest with one under the tower of the almost crumbling, old,
out-of-the way church of Monyash, which is of the same dimensions,
and encfrcled with iron clamps every three inches.
The old tower; which was surmounted by a spire, much re-
sembhng, we were told, that which stUl ornaments the church of
Bolsover, was considered unsafe, and too far out of repair to allow
of restoration. Accordhigly in 1842 it was taken down and a new
tower buUt. We feel sure that the unproved taste, which tbe last
tbfrty years have brought about in matters ecclesiastical, would
have caused the new tower (if the necessity for its removal existed)

326 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
to resemble as closely as possibly the former one ; nor would it
ever have permitted the present incongruous arrangement of masonry
to be put together. It appears, however, to be most substantiaUy
built ; and -wUl, doubtless, for many a generation answer its main
pm-pose of providing an elevated perch for the beUs. The beUs are
four in number, and bear the foUowing tascriptions : —
I. " Sancta Maria ora pro nobis." The inscription is in smaU
Gothic letters of rough workmanship. The bell-founder's mark con
sists of a cross and the taitials E. C. Shfrland possesses a bell of
the same founder.
II. " God save his church. T. S. G. S. W. EeviU, W. Hall,
Wardens, 1698."
III. " Gloria in excelsis Deo. I.H.S." The founder's mark is a
shield bearing a fiUbt cross, -with the initials E. H. (Ealph Heath
cote) above it.
IV. The fourth has a rhyming legend in Lombardic characters : —
" Hinc venio retro
Cum sills noie Petro."
It also bears under a cro-wn the friitials E. B.
Though the sanctus bell has disappeared, the bell-cote on the
gable of, the nave stUl remains. The inside measm-ement of the
niche is about two feet by one.
The tahabitants of Scarcliffe must have been much devoted to the
science of bell ringtag ; for, when the common lands were enclosed
in 1726, four acres were set apart, the rent of which was to pro
vide the parish -with beU-ropes.
It does not appear that the gift of the church of Scarcliffe to
Darley Abbey imphed more in the first instance than the gift of
the advowson. The Taxation EoU of 1291 describes Scarchffe as
an "ecclesia" (not a vicarage) worth £12 per annum. But tbe
rectorial tithes were subsequently appropriated to the abbot and
canons, and Scarcliffe made a vicarage. From the endowment of
the -vicarage, in the chartulary of the abbey, it seems that the
-vicar of Scarcliffe held aU the obventions of the altar (except tbe
chief mortuary), and the tithes of lambs and wool. When the
Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIH. was taken, Thomas Peace held
the vicarage of Scarcliffe, which is described as being worth £5 a
year, inclusive of an augmentation of 40s. from the abbey of
Darley. At the time of the dissolution of the monasteries, Sfr
Francis Leake obtained a considerable share of the spoUs in this
part of the county. Amongst other matters Hem-y VIII granted

SCARCLIFFE. 827
to him the rectory of Scarcliffe, and also Scarcliffe Grange, then
in the possession of WUUam and John Pearse. In addition to the
rectorial tithes. Sir Francis Leake thus came into possession of
eighty-nine acres and two tofts in Scarcliffe, as weU as the advow
son of the Vicarage.* The Commissioners of the Commonwealth
estimated the living at twenty marks per annum, adding that " one
Dodson officiates, very scandalous."
Of the ancient chapel at Palterton not a trace remains ; and there
is hardly any historical mention of its existence, beyond the fact
that it was given by Hubert Fitzralph to the abbey of Darley. Dr.
Pegge, however, says that it was dedicated to St. Leonard, and
this may have made some confusion between the dedication of the
chapel and the mother church. f
« Patent EoU,-36 Henry -VIII, Pt. 21, No. 760. For a copy of this grant we are in
debted to the Eev. A. T. Blythe, Vicar of Scarcliffe.
t Pegge's Collections, Vol. IV.

giplanb.

N

jS^irlflnb,

SHE earhest mention of the church of Shiriand in connec
tion with the manor, is ta the first year of the reign of
Edward II. (1307), when Eeginald de Grey, who possessed
the manor, held also the advowson of the church. It is more than
probable, however, that a church existed on this manor (if not on
the actual site of the present one) pre-vious to this date ; for in the
year 1250 John de Grey obtained a grant for a market in this
manor on Wednesdays, and a fair for three days at the festival of
St. Peter ad vincula; and we may safely assmne that a place, which
was of sufficient importance to be a market town, would also have
been in possession of a church for many years. In fact the manor
was in the possession of the Grey famUy as early as the reign of
King John, and shortly became the chief residence of one branch
of this important famUy, who were afterwards termed de Wilton,
from the principal seat of their barony. The great famUies of those
days were never without a church on- the estate of their residence,
so that there is good reason to believe that a church was here
erected in the days of John (1199-1216). The manor of Shiriand,
to which the advowson of the church continued to be attached,
remained in the Grey family tiU the middle of the reign of
Edward IV., when the estate was sold to Talbot, Earl of Shrews--
bury.* In the seventeenth century, when the manor was divided
among the hefrs general of that family, it was arranged that the
respective holders of the moieties should present to the living in
rotation .
Though tbe patron saint of this church is, without doubt, St.
Leonard, the viUage wakes depend upon the festival of St. James.
* There are numerous entries in the Inq. post Mort. rolls to the manor of Shir
iand and the Greys. The earliest we have noted is of John Grey in the reign of
Henry III., and the last of Margaret, wife of Eichard Grey de "Welton, -who had
Shiriand assigned to her as her dower, in the 30th year of Henry VI.

332

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

St. James' day (July 25th), regulates also the wakes at Alfreton
and other adjacent parishes, but we are not at present in pos
session of any data to account for this somewhat unusual occur
rence. There are three other churches tn Derbyshfre dedicated
to St. Leonard, -viz., Thorpe, Monyash, and Scarchffe. The memory
of this humble-minded hermit seems to have been formerly re
garded ¦with much favour in England, for more than one hundred
and forty churches still retain their dedications in his name.
The church consists of a nave, side aisles, chancel, tower at the
west end, and south porch. The general aspect of the present
building shows that it is all of one style — the Perpendicular. Tbe
parapets are throughout embattled, and tbe tower is also orna
mented with four crocketed pinnacles. The windo-ws do not call
for any particular remark, and are all square-headed except the
east window of the chancel. The pointed roof of the porch is
formed of stone and supported by ribs of the same material — a
feature which is eminently characteristic of the Derbyshire porches
of this date, more especially in the northern division of the county.
Over the doorway is a plain square recess or niche, of small dimen
sions, once doubtless occupied by a figure of St. Leonard. The
side -aisles are separated from the nave on each side by three
pointed arches, supported by octagon pillars having plain capitals.
Beneath the tower is a western gaUery, but as it does not project
into the body of the chm-ch it can hardly be regarded as an eye
sore, more especiaUy as the west window, which is not of large
dimensions (having a doorway below it), is not in the least obscured.
We are tnclhied to place the date of the present edifice about
the middle of the fifteenth century ; and when we find that the
manor of Shiriand was purchased by the Shrewsbury family in
the reign of Edward IV. (1461-1483), we feel httle doubt that
Shiriand owes its weU-proportioned church to that fanuly, who
would naturally look to the rebuilding of the church on their coming
into the estate.
In the north wall of the chancel is a fine monumental recess, of
greater age than the present building. The recess itself is eight
feet in lengtli and fifteen inches deep, The top slab is now only
a piece of gritstone, but the fr-ont one is of alabaster, and adorned
in relief with twenty-one escutcheons (originally twenty- two), many
of them much mutUated. It is covered by an ogee-shaped arch
with cinquefoU cuspings, ornamented with crockets and finials.
Beneath this canopy there was formerly an effigy of a knight in
armour.

SHIRLAND. 333
In the June number of the Gentleman's Magazine, for the year
1798, is a short account of the church of Shiriand. A brief des
cription is given of this monument together with an engraving,
from which it appears that the centre portion of an effigy in plate
armour then remained. AU trace of this has now disappeared, and
we think that the depth of the recess must have been greater than
it now is, when it accommodated an effigy. When Lysons visited
this church about 1814, there were some "mouldering remains" of
this effigy, and the sexton attributed it to the famUy of Withering
ton.* It is clear, however, from the armorial bearings that this is
a memorial to one of the Grey famUy, and it seems very probable
that it is to the special memory of Sir Henry Grey, who was sum
moned to Parhament as a Baron in the fiftieth year of the reign
of Edward in., by the style of Henry Grey de Shfrland, Chevalier.
He died in 1396. The connection of the Greys with Shfrland origi
nated in the reign of John. In 1212 Sfr Henry de Grey of Turroc,
tn Essex, held " six knights' fees of the honour of Peverel, which
came to the king by escheat in the counties of Derby and Notting
ham, viz., in Henoure one, in Normanton one, in Shiriand one,
tn Codenoure and Touton one, in Eadcliff one, and Beeley one."
Sir Henry's eldest son Eichard, settled at Codnor, and became the
ancestor of the Greys of Codnor, the last of whom died without
issue in 1496. To the second son, John, the estates at Shiriand were
bequeathed. He was ancestor of that branch, who were afterwards
usuaUy caUed Lords Grey of WUton, though they had for some
generations an important seat at Shiriand. These two brothers,
Eichard and John, were staunch upholders of King John in his con
tention with the barons, and also of his successor, Henry IIL, from
both of whom they obtained many favours. We are told that in
the thirty-sixth year of Henry III. that monarch " called all the
Londoners together and bade the bishops excite them to take a
voyage with him to the Holy Land, when-but few of them would go ;
to this, Eichard, and John his brother, readUy consented, and the king
kissed them and called them his brothers." This was two years after
he had granted to John the charter for tbe market at Shiriand, or
rather at Higham. Eeginald, whom we have already mentioned as
holding the advowson -of the church that his grandfather had pro
bably held before him, was the eldest son of John de Grey. Eegi
nald also held the adjacent manor of Stretton. He was frequently
at the court of Edward I., and when that king left the realm for
?Lysons' CoUections. Add. MSS. 9463.

334 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
his expedition into Flanders, he Epsoially nominated Lord Eeginald
Grey as one of the prince's counsellors. Sir Henry Grey de Shi]'-
land was his immediate descendant.*
Amongst those shields on the monument which cau still be de
ciphered, are two charges that wei-e borne by different branches
of the Grey famUy — a harry of six, in chief three torteaux ; and a
lion rampant within a border engrailed. Othei' charges are a plain
barry of six ; a barry of six with label of five points ; throo piles
meeting in base a canton, ermine; ermine, a chevron; a saltiro,
engraUed, &o. Nono of the tinctures oan uow be traced, though
the colours were doubtless originally depicted on the marblo.
Dr. Pegge, in notes taken about a century ago, gives a descrip
tion of these escutcheons, premising that they had theu boen much
disfigured with whitewash. To this description, divided into two
rows of eleven each, we have added, in brackets, the families to '
which they probably belonged ; but it is impossible to ascertain this
in many instances, owing to tlie absence of the proper tinctures,
" Upper Eow: —
" 1. A bend cotized between 6 lions rampant.•^
" 2. Per fess dauucette.J
" 8. Three bezants and label of 5 points (Courtenay),
" 4. A chevron.
" 5. Quarterly, 1st a bendlet, 2nd fretto, Brd as 2iid, 4tli as 1st.
" 6. Barry of 6 (Grey of Codnor).
" 7. Barry of 6, a label of five points (Grey of Shiriand).
" 8. Barry of 6, on the chief bar 8 bezants (Grey, Earl of Kent).
" 9. Barry of 6, a beudlet (Grey of Eotherfield).
"10. A lion rampant within bordure engrailed (Talbot).
" 11. A saltire engrailed (Botetourt).
" Lower Eow : — '
"1. Barry of 6, label of 5 points (Grey of Shiriand).
"2. Three pUes meeting iu base, a canton ermim (Bryan).
" 8. A cross fleury.
" 4. A bend between 6 martlets (Furuival).
" 5, Barry of 6, on the alternate 6 fleur-de-lis, 8, 2, 1 (HaUard).
" 6. Barry of 6, over all a bend charged (Poynings).
* There is a good account of the Groys ol Codnor in Glover's Dorbvalm-e (vol. ii.,
pp. 808-812). tf V I
t Those arms we did not decipher on the monument, and tho only ' bend ootised
that we noticed appeared to be bet-ween two double-beaded engles displayed.
t This ooat jnight belong to nearly a dozen different families, aooording to the
tinctures, but we have not heen able to connect' it -with one that would account for
its presence on this monument.

SniRL.\N'D. '^'¦^0
" 7. Ermine, a chevron (Tuchet, Baron Audley, who held estates
at Markcaton).
-- 8. Biu-ry of 6, a bend chequy (Sir if. Poyuiugs).
" 9. Barry of 6, a bendlet (Grey of Eotherfield ~i.
" 10. Barry of 6, a bend engrailed i^Eoos).
¦-11. A fess between 2 chevrons (^Grey of Norfolk)."*
It will be noted that si considerable number of these shields
bear the arms of different branches of the Greys ; and the others,
that we have idontitiod, all represent families with which the Greys
were intermarried in the thfr'teenth and fourteenth centuries. Num
ber ten iu the upper row is the coat of Henry Grey's wife, Eliza
beth, daughter of Thomas Lord Talbot : whUst number eleven is
tbe coat of his mother ilaud, who was the daughter and co-hefress
of John Botetourt of Weoby. 'With respect to the lower row,
Eobert de Grey, of CoLlnor, married Ehzabeth, daughter and co-heiress
of Sir Guy de Bryan (number two), and thefr daughter and sole
hefress married Eichard Lord Poynings (number six), who died 10
Eichard II. John de Grey, of Eotherfield, married, 35 Edward IIL,
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir M. Poynings. The other intermarriages
here represented, took place at an earlier date,+
On the opposite wall of tbe chancel is fixed a slab of alabaster,
three feet by two, on which are carved fom- kneeling figures. Each
figure kneels upon a tasseUed hassock in fr-ont of a small desk, upon
which hes an open book. The two figures to the left are women
in long mantles, with square-cut di-ess and close-fitting sleeves.
Prom the front of the gfr-dle hangs a chain bearing a round orna
ment, or pomander box for containing scent. The other two are
men wearing wide mantles with hanging sleeves. Above the desk,
that is on the extreme right, is placed an upright cross. In the
article of last century tn the Gentleman's Magazine, to which we
have afready referred, a sketch is also given of this memorial, and
it is described as being on the same side of the chancel as the
monument of Sir Henry Grey. During the restoration of this
chiireh, a few years ago, a new vestry was built, which opens into
the chancel on the south side ; and this seems to have necessitated
its removal to the opposite waU. The slab is destitute of any in
scription, or armorial deviee, but it has been conjectured that it ii
to tbe memory of certain members of the Grey famUy, and we
*Pegge-s CoUections, vol. iv., and vol. t., p. 153.
+ Banks' Dormant and Extinct Peerages.^oX. ii., p. 230, etc. Harl. MSS. G589 and
6817.

336 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
have alluded to its former position as slightly confirmatory of this
supposition. Dr. Pegge is inchned to assign it to the memory of
Eeginald Grey, who died 1 Edward IL, his wife Maud, and thefr
chUdren, John and Joan.
There are no other objects of interest in the chancel, and" it lacks
even any trace of a piscina, but against the right-hand piUar of the
archway, as we return into the nave, should be noticed a small
desk bearing a copy of Jewell's Apology attached to it by the original
chain fastening. It is a folio copy of the year 1609. This cele
brated work was ordered to be placed in every parish church of
the kingdom. The only other copy that we have met with in the
churches of the Hundred of Scarsdale, is one bearing the date 1569,
which is in a chest in the upper vestry at Dronfield.
Under the east window of the north aisle is affixed a large
alabaster table-tomb. On the top slab two fuU-length figures are
incised. Eound the margta of this stone runs a much-worn black
letter inscription. The further side of this monument is buUt into
the wall, so that the commencement of the inscription is wanting,
but the lost part appears to have been only of a formal character.
The following is as accurate a copy as we could obtain from the
margin of the three sides ; — Joh£,s Revell de Shirlande mil' qui obiit
die Novembris Anno Dni, MCCCCC tricesimo septimo et Margareta
uxor ejus obiit die Mensis Ano Dni MCCCCC quorum animarum pro
pitietur Deus. Amen. This inscription shows, from the omission of
the date, that the monument was erected before the death of the
wife. Dr. Pegge (who gives this inscription but in a slightly varied
form, and readhig 'vicessimo' instead of ' tricessimo'), commented
on the fact of no spaces being left for the insertion of the date
of the wife's death, which he attributes to the ignorance of the-
designer. The knight is represented without helmet or gauntlets,
and in plate armom-, but a skirt of mail shows belo-^ the cufrass.
On his feet, which rest upon a dog, are the wide-toed sabbatons,
with small rowel spurs attached. His sword is suspended from
the left side. The lady wears a long flowing mantle, but the arms
are in close-fitting sleeves, gathered into smaU knots on the lower
edge, and terminating in wide cuffs. The head is adorned with
the pedimented head-dress, with the front lappets tm-ned in towards
the face. Beneath the knight, are the small incised figures of three
boys ; beneath the lady, five girls. The west side of this monument
has consisted of three panels worked into quatrefoUs with .a shield
in the centre of each, but one has gone, and its place is now filled

SHIRLAND. 337
up with a plain square of stone. The escutcheons, like the rest of
the monument, are battered and much the worse for wear, but one
bears on a chevron three quatrefoUs pierced (Byre), and the other
tbe same charge repeated, impalhig what appears to be chequy,
on two bars, two water bougets. On the south end there are also
two shields, one the same as the first mentioned on the west side,
tbe other the arms usually assigned the Derbyshire Eevels : — Arg.,
on a chevron, gu., three trefoUs, erm., within a border engrailed, sa.
There are two more escutcheons on the slab at the north end, but
they are now destitute of any device.
The ancient famUy of Eevel came into this county fr-om War-
¦wickshire. John Eevel, the first who came into Derbyshire, settled
at Ogston in the fourteenth century. William Eevel, the last heir
male of this branch, died tn 1706 ; his sisters and oo-hefrs married
Turbutt and Jenkinson. Hugh Eevel, a younger brother of the
above-mentioned John, settled at Carlingthwaite, Carnthwaite, or
Carnfield, as it is now caUed, in South Normanton. The legitimate
Une of this branch, also, became extinct in the seventeenth cen
tury. From the Chantry Eoll we find that a chantry was founded in
this church by the Eevel family in the fifteenth century.
" Shyklande. Thos. EeveU of Hygham by wyll ij ApriU A.D.
MCCCC Ixx iiij bequethed C marks for the byenge of lands for a
prests wags to synge and saye masse perpetuallye for his soule, etc.
Eoberte EeveU by WyU xij Maye, Muiiciiijxxxv. willed the issues of
bis lends in Thathwayte, and in the will to fynde a prest to syng
in the chappeU of Shyrland. Viu li. iiij s. clere iUi li. Christ.
Haslam Chaplyn. He hath a chambre by thappoynment of Eob.
EeveU. He occupieth j chalys and ij vestments whc be Mr. Eevells."
The further provision made for the repose of the soids of the
Eevel famUy, we find specified tn the wUls of the sons of the
founders among the WooUey MSS. Eobert, eldest son of the
founder of the chantry, by will dated 12th of May, 1490 (and not
1495, as in the Chantry EoU), gave "issues and profits of aU his
lands tn Thathwayte and the HiU (North Winfield), to fynd a priest
to say and singe masse in the churche of Sherlande by the space
of foure score and nineteen yeares, and tf a mortmayne mought be
gotten tn the meantime then to continue for ever or else be sold.'"''
And again, a few years later, his brother and heir, Hugh, the
second son of the founder, made an elaborate will, dated 15th May,
•Add^MSS. 6667, f. 138.

338 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
1504, containing several curious provisoes relative to the church of
Shfrland. The great caprice that was shown in the speUing of those times
is strikingly apparent tn this literal excerpt : —
" I Hugh EeveU hole of mynde and soke in body make my
testament in manner and forme foloyng, first I beqweth my soule to
Almighty God, our lady, hys blessed modfr, and all the company
of heven, and my body to be bered tn the parishe chvrche of Saint
Leonard of Shjrlaund besyde my wyff, and for my prtncipale * my
best gwyk (quick) beest accordyng to the custom of the countre,
also I beqweth to the parson of the sayde chyrche for tithes negli
gently forgotten xs. Item, I beqweth to the wardens of the said
chfrch xs. to be a banner cloth of Saint George -with a shaft to
beyr hit on. Item, I beqweth to the saide wardens xis. to ii. vest
ments and "S.S. to be a masse boke. Item, I wUl and beqweth to
my executors xx.li. to be u. marble stones to cover the bodies of
my father and my modir and my wife and those to be made as
gudley as that money wUl suffyce be the ad^vise of my executours.
Also I wUl that my feoffes of aU my lands and tenements doo dayly
and yearly find and cause to be fonde two prestes to say and syng
divine, servyce in the saide Chfrch of Shyrland for the soules of my
fadfr and my modfr, my soule, and wyff's soule, my brother Eobt.
soule, the soule of Eoger Freke, my brdir and my systers soules,
my kynnesfolks soules, the soules of all our benefactors, and all
Crysten soules, and those ii. prests to be fonde of and with the
issues revenues and proffets of my lands and rents in Egstowe
Goselands lying in Shyrlaund, Thathwayt with aU my houses lands
and tenements tn the same, and ii. houses leying in the Hyll within
the pishe of North Wynfeld -mth the appertenances, whereof pne is
tn the holding of William Ludnam and an odfr is in the holdyng of
Eob. Alkoe -with a rode off lands leying in the est end of Shyrland
Chyi-ch -within the park to byld a Chantre howse upon."t The
wUl continues at great length to give the appointment of these
priests, first to his son Tristram ; in default of Tristram making the
appointment, to his second son Eowland; thfrdly to the Abbot of
Darley ; and fourthly, as the last eventuality, to the Mayor of
Nottingham. *A "principal" "was the old legal term for an heirloom. According to the cus
tom of certain manors, some special object was never inventorised after the decease
of the o-wuer amongst his other chattels, but accrued to the heir. At Shiriand it
appears that the best beast held this position, ou other ihahors -we read . of the best
bed, best table, &c.
fAdd. MSS. 6667, f, 64. " Sir John Da-wson, parson of Shirlaund," -was one of the
executors of this -will.

SHIRLAND. ,339
To an early volume of the Reliquary, another interesting document
was contributed, by the late Mr. Thomas Bateman; from which it
appears, that in the reign of Elizabeth, a Eoyal Commission was
appointed to enqufre about the Chantry at Shiriand. The Com
missioners were Sfr John Manners, Sir John Harpur, Sfr Brian
LasceUes, Sir Eobert Eyre, Edward Stevenson, and Thurstan
Bamford. Amongst the prhicipal queries they were to solve were
the foUowing. Was there any house called the Chantry House ?
Was there any land at Upton ahas Tupton, Sherland, or Swath-
¦wike ahas Thautwayte belonging to the Chantry ? " Whether do
ye know or have credibly herd saye that about the tyme of the
dissolution of Chauntries that one — EeveU then of Sherland entred
uppon the possessione of the said Chauntrye and took the Chauntry
preist or preists to his house to board, and presently uppon the
same toke in aU suche leases as wear made by the said Chauntry
preist or preists aud grantes newe leases in his owne name to suche
as had them before of the Chauntry preist or preists ? If he or
they did, to whom wear such lease or leases made ?" And also to
inquire whether a witness Beardall had perjured himself, and
acknowledged it when dying ?
The Eevel Chantry was at the end of the north aisle. There are
no piscinas in either aisle, but a recess in the waU at the east end
of the south aisle may have been used as an almery, and points
to the former existence of another side altar in that position.
According to the Eevel pedigree in the Visitation of 1611, Thomas
Eevel, who founded the chantry, married Ahce, daughter and co-
hefress of Dowman of Higham. Of the issue of this marriage was
Eobert, who died without issue, Hugh Eevel of " Carenthway "
(Carnthwaite, Carnford), and John Eevel of Ogston, who married
Margaret, daughter and sole hefress of " Eoger North of Boben-
hUl." * Prom the last marriage came John Eevel, who took to
wife Margaret, daughter of "Eobert Eyre of Northwells" (North
Lees), whose monument we have described at the end of the north
aisle. Of their three sons and five daughters portrayed on the
monument, it is probable that the greater part died in their infancy ;
at aU events we cannot find them mentioned in any Visitation.
Tbe only one named is Eobert Eevel, who married Eleanor,
daughter and hefress of Anker FrechevUle of Staveley.*
* Harl. MSS. 1093, f. 88." Eobert Byre, of 'North Lees, -was the son of 'WUUam
Eyre of the same place, -who ¦was the second son of Nicholas Eyre of Hope. Eobert
married Margaret, daughter of InkerseU of Brimington (Mitchell's CoUections, Add.
MSS. 28,113, f. 70). ¦We are stiU at a loss to explain the impaled coat of Byre and
 , at the north end of the Eevel tomb, -which -we think has been incorrectly ren
dered by the sculptor. One branch of the family of Eoos bore — a fess chequy, be
tween two water bougets, but this does not appear any help in the identification.

340 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
In the clerestory windows, above the arches of the uave, a few
fragments of old glass have been preserved. One of these windows
on the south side contains a portion of a black letter inscription,
the name "Johis" being clearly distinguishable. Another on the
north side has the words " pro bono statu," thus pointing to the
former existence of one or more memorial windows in this chm-ch.
The tower contains a peal of five beUs. Three of them are
dated, but have no founder's mark. They bear tbe foUowing in
scriptions : — "God save his Church, 1618": "God save His Church,
1710": and " Floreat ecclesia, MDCGXIII." A fourth is inscribed
with the favourite legend " Jesus be our speed." Below the shoulder
are the initial letters H. D. beautifuUy wrought on each side of the
founder's mark. The founder's mark consists of a Latin cross with
a circle round the base between the letters E. M., each of which
is surmounted with a crown. This is the device attributed to
Eichard MeUour of Nottingham. The one we describe last is un
doubtedly the oldest, bearing an inscription which points to Catholic
days, " Sancti Johes ora pro nobis." This friscription is in smaU
Gothic letters of rude execution. The component letters of twq of
the words are widely separated. The beU-founder's mark is difficult
to describe without an engraving, but it principaUy consists of a
cross between the initials E. C. There is the same mark on a
beU at Scarcliffe, which also bears a similar inscription, " Maria "
being substituted for " Johes."
On the stones that cover the recesses of the east and west beU-
chamber windows may be noticed the marks of an incised cross.
On measuring, we ascertained that these two stones had formerly
made a single slab about six feet long by two broad. It is a plain
incised cross with a pedimented base, the ends of the limbs being
slightly floriated. There is a space of four inches between the two
paraUel lines which form the stem. This points to the existence of
an earher church here, for this memorial slab appears to belong to
the thirteenth century.
The exterior of the east end of the chancel should not escape
observation. The general appearance shows that much of the waU
has belonged to an earUer buUding, probably of the Decorated period.
The base stone of the east window, which is now fiUed -with late
Perpendicular tracery, is older than the muUions which spriag
fr-om it.
The church of Shiriand was valued at £6 13s. 4d. in the Taxa
tion EoU of Pope Nicholas IV., taken in 1291. The following are

vuj

vj

X

VIJ

vij
XV
V
XV
V]
ob'
SHIRLAND. 341
the particulars of the endowments of tbis rectory from the Valor
Ecclesiasticus, 27 Henry VIII. : —
SHIELAND EBCTORIA.
Georgius comes Salopie Patronus ibidem.
Dominus Thomas Alanus rector ibidem habet in communibus annis ut sequitur.
- In primis in mansione cum dome columbina cum gleba x-vij
Item in duobus croftis - iij
Item in decimis feni xx
Item in decimis lane et agneUorum xxij
Item in oblationibus - xij
Item in paschali rotulo xxviij
Item in decimis garbarum ... iij
Item in decimis minutis videUcet in porceUis anceribus canabo
et Uno - iiij
Summa
¦Cnde resoluta archidiacono Derbie pro scenagio et procuragio
De claro -
Decima inde
The Parliamentary Commissioners, of 1650, valued the living at
£56, and were unusuaUy complimentary to the incumbent, Mr. John
Payne, whom they reported to be " honest and able."
Many of the presentations to benefices during the time of the
Commonwealth are preserved amongst the manuscripts at Lambeth
Palace. Here we found the origtaal presentation to Shfrland,
written on half a sheet of foolscap, and signed and sealed by Geo.
SavUe. It runs as follows : — " To all persons who have or shaU
have sufficient authority in this behaU greeting, — I, Sir George
Savile, of ThornhiU tn the county of York, Barronett, the true and
undoubted Patron of the Eectory of Shiriand in the county of
Derby, doe present Joseph Stock, late minister at Ottley in the
county of York, to the said Eectory, being now voyd, and to my
presentation of full rights belonging, Desfring you to admitt the
sayd Joseph Stock to the Eectory of Shfr-land aforesayd, and to
invest him Eector there, and that you likewise invest him with all
rights, members, and appurtenances whatsoever. In witness whereof
I have set my hand and seall the 29 d-ay of September, 1656."* '
, From a copy of the Terrier of Shiriand, of the date of October,
1795, we take the foUowing quaint item:— "Item, the parson of
Shfrland receives from Sam. Lindley, of Toadhole Fmnace, which
bis predecessors have paid before him time beyond the memory of
man, a fat goose at Christmas, and a good gammon of bacon at
Easter. "t * Add. MSS. 6671, f. 533.
t Lambeth MSS. 94i, No. 28.
l^atlFlFQ*

j^fanplpg.

T the time of the Domesday Survey, the manor of Staveley
was held by Ascuit (or Hasculphus) Musard, and there
was then a church and a priest on the manor. The
manor, together with the advowson of the church, remained in that
famUy for ' nine generations.* Ascuit's son, Eichard, held both
church and manor in their entirety, but his grandson, also named
Ascuit, gave " to God and the blessed poor of the Hospital of St.
John of Jerusalem, half the Church of Staveley.'' This deed is
¦witnessed, amongst others, by Eichard, Bishop of Coventry, which
gives us the approximate date, for he held that see fr-om 1162 —
1182. We ascertain s-absequently, that this "half of the church"
did not refer to the advowson, but to the rectorial tithes, half of
which thus remained alienated from Staveley, till the dissolution
of the estates of the Knights HospitaUers. We have dfrect proof,
from the various Inquisitions, etc., that each of the subsequent
heirs of the Musard estates, Ealph (I.), Eobert, Ealph (II.), Ealph
(111.), and John, held also the advowson of the church of Staveley.
This brings us to Nicholas, Baron Musard, the last of the heirs
male. He was hefr to his nephew John, who died s. p. Nicholas
had been presented to tbe rectory, or rather half rectory of Staveley,
by his father, Ealph Musard (II.) Nicholas bad several chUdren,
but as he was in orders they could not inherit, f and, therefore, on
his death, in the 29th year of Edward I., the estates were divided
between his three sisters and their issue. The eldest sister, Amicia,
had been married to Anker de FreoheviUe, Baron of Crich, but they
* The fourth volume of Nichols' Collectanea contains an elaborate pedigree of the
Musard and Frecheville famiUes, with detailed evidence. As we "hsc^ie drawn the
greater part of our information respecting the connection of these two families with
Staveley from this source, we refer our readers to those pages for the authorities
consulted. ^We have, however, been able to glean some additional details, that are
not to be found even in those apparently exhaustive papers.
t " Nota, quod predictus Nichus fuit Eector Bcolesie de Staveley, et proles nomi-
nata fuere omnes bastardi." — Lansd. MSS. 207, i. 171.

346 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
both had died before Nicholas, so that her share came to her son,
Ealph FrecheviUe. The second sister, Margaret, was the wife of
John de Hibernia, and their hefr was a son of the same name.
The husband of the thfrd sister, Isabella, is not known, but her
daughter and hefress was married to WtUiam de Chellardestone
(or CheUaston). Not only was the manor of Staveley thus divided
into three, but tbe advowson of the church was similarly shared.
But this tripartite division of the church did not long continue ;
for an Inquisition, taken at Staveley 9 Edward II. , records the
granting to Ealph Frecheville by his cousin, John de Hibernia, of
his moiety of both manor and church.-* Ealph FrecheviUe thus
became possessed of two-thfr-ds of the advowson. At that time the
church was said to be worth six marks yearly in aU its issues.
A few years later (1325) there was a vacancy in the rectory of
Staveley, and a dispute arose as to the right of presentation.
Ealph FrechevUle, and Margaret his -wife, claimed the presentation,
but John Cromwell, and Idonea his wife, denied the right, and
aUeged — that Ealph FrechevUle, when the church was vacant on
the death of Nicholas, presented Eobert de Woodhouse ; that on the
next vacancy, through resignation, in the reign of Edward II. ,
Ealph FrecheviUe, as holding the second moiety by the grant of
John de Hibernia, presented John de Horton ; and that WiUiam de
CheUaston, and Joanna his wife, had made over their hereditary
rights to the third moiety of the advowson, etc., to Walter de
Langton ; Walter de Langton in his turn to Eobert de Clifford ; and
that finaUy Eobert de Clifford had granted it to John Cromwell,
and his wife Idonea, for the term of the wife's life.f
But though the second moiety speedUy came into the hands of
FrechevUle, the remaining thfrd of the advowson continued -with
the Cliffords for more than two centuries, as can be proved by
numerous Inquisitions and other documents of each successive reign.
FinaUy, on the attainder of John, Lord Clifford, this thfrd portion
of the manor and church was forfeited to the Crown, and granted
by Edward IV. to Sfr John Pilkington. It seems to have been
again escheated, for Henry VIIL, in 1544, granted it to Sir Francis
Leake, who in the next year conveyed it to Sir Peter Freche-vUle.
Sfr Peter thus became possessed of the whole advowson, as he
pre-viously held the other two-thfrds by inheritance.
Sir Ealph FrechevUle, who married one of the co-heiresses of
*Add. MSS., 6,697, f. 58.
t Plac. de Banco, t. Mich. 19 Edw. II., rot. 97. Nichol's Collectanea, vol. iv., p. 28.

STAVELEY. 347
Musard, was summoned to Parhament as a Baron in the liQth year
of Edward I. ; but the like honour does not appear to have been
repeated to his descendants for several generations. Staveley was
the chief seat of this powerful famUy. Sfr Peter FrechevUle, of
Staveley, was knighted in the reign of Edward VI. for his services
at the battle of Musselborough ; and his great grandson, Sfr John
FrechevUle, who did signal service for Charles I. as a staunch
Eoyalist, was at the Eestoration created a peer, under the title of
Lord FrechevUle, of Staveley. In 1681, a year before his death,
he sold the estate, together with the patronage of the chm-ch, to
the family of Cavendish. He died at the age of 76, and was the
last of that ancient fanuly.
The church, which is dedicated to St. John the Baptist, consists
of nave, chancel, north and south aisles, south porch, and tower at
the west end. The south aisle is also continued paraUel with the
chancel, thus forming the FrecheviUe chantry. Very considerable
alterations and additions were made at the time of the recent
restoration. The church previously had no north aisle, and the
present one is spacious and admfrably designed, the windows being
filled with tracery of the Decorated period, in precise imitation of
some of those that adorn the highly interesting church of Dorches
ter, in Oxfordshfre. The chancel, too, was thoroughly restored in
the same style, and a much higher pitch given to aU the roofs.
The old porch, in a ruinous condition, had been removed some five-
and-twenty years ago, and a new one now occupies its place. The pre
vious one, from an engraving of the church given in the Gentleman's
Magazine for 1820, appears to have been erected (in place, doubtless,
of a still older one) tn the seventeenth century, and had a. square
Sim dial over the doorway. The tower, too, was considerably
strengthened by fron stays, and other-wise repafred during the
restorations ; but the whole alterations were admirably carried out,
and there was as little interference as possible with old detaUs.
There is, therefore, no difficulty in ascertaining the , precise extent
of the alterations. Of the church, as it existed when the Domesday
Survey was taken, there is now no trace extant ; unless it be in
the fragments of incised slabs, that are worked up in the window-
siUs of two of the windows of the south aisle. These stones
appear to be the oldest in the building, and may possibly be
among the very earliest sepultm-es. The font, too, which is Norman,
might by some be' attributed to a date as early as the Domesday
Survey, and it would be interesting to think that the original

348 DERBYSHIRE CIIUKCIIF-f^.
Btono was now hi use ; but to us it aipjiears, from coiupailug it
with other speuiiuoiis, to bo about a century later, i.f., of tho
latter half of the twelfth centnry. This fine specimen of an early
font, unique in several of its details, was happily rescuiHl of late
from an ignominious position in the grounds of tlio old rectory. The
font stands three feet high, and the base eighteen inches. The top
part is circular, but bevilled dowu round the lower (nlge, and at
one of the angles thus formed is a man's hoa,d with a forked beard,
wearing a crown Ueury, from tbe centre of which rises a brush
like erection. The central support is a largo round pillar, but it is
further supported at each angle, by four small columns only two-
aud-a half inches in diameter. The basin of the -font is circidar,
two feet two inches in diameter, and ten inches dci'p. We may
here mention, that in a cottage garden, within a stone's throw of
the clnu'cb, is a small circular stone basin, about a foot iu (Uame-
ter, richly carved with four cherubs' heads iji high relief, and with
five-leafed flowers between. It Is uow filled with moss, and broken
from its base; and, tliough much knocked about, is a nice piece of
carving of the lienaissanco stylo, probably about the date of tho
FrechevUle wiudoAV. We think it likely that this basin at one time
sorved as font to the church, though a plainer marble basin was
removed to make way for tbe original one, now so happily restored
to its projior place.
Of tho Early English period, that foUowi'd aftir the Norman,
tiiere are not many traces ; but the basement of the tower, with its
fr-regular buttresses, a,ppcars to have been then originally designed ;
and the remains of a small liincet window of that date, and other
details, wore found when recently removing tho obstructions that
separated the chantry from tbe sonth aislo. Nor must we omit to
attribute to tbis jiei-iod the south doorway, tho jambs of which are
ornamented with capitals of woU-ileiiued foliage, unmistakably
pohitiug out the Early English style. A new head to this doorway
had to be found at tho time of the alterations. The south aisle is
separated from tho navo by five pointed arches, supported by four
ootagon piUars, with plainly moulded capitals and bases. These
are of the Decorated period, but are not of a precisely similar date,
the two nearest the west end being the oldest. Two low arches,
with an octagon pillar of a similar style, divide the chancel from
the chantry. Tlie interesting discovery was made above those
arches, during the recent alterations, of a row of five small cleres
tory windows, so unusual in a chancel. These windows, of three

STAVELEY. 349
liglits each, had been effectually biult up, but are uow again used
to give light. Perhaps this blocking up of tlie clerestory windows
was uot au oft'euce of very long standing, for we learn from the
Collect ion.< of Dr. Pegge, tliat much of the ehaiieel was pulled dowu
aud rebuUt iu 178i). Xt that time a stone was found in the wall
¦with " a ehevrou ermine betweeu tliree St. Andrew crosses," behig
the arms of Greenwood ; and Pegge adds that he has faded to fii d
any conuectiou between this family and Staveley, imless it may
have been that a Greenwood was onee rector.* Bassauo, too, in
bis uotes (circa 1710) says that " at the east end of the ehaueol,
ou a cross of stone, is a crucifix;"' but whether this was within or
without he faUs to say. In the late or debased Perpendi
cular style the church imderwent much alteration; indeed this
must have been the general feature of the chm-ch previous to its
restoration, with its low-pitched roofs and pinnacled embattlements.
The windows on tlie south side of the church, both to the chantry
and south aisle, are now ah of this period, being square-headed
windows of three lights, with but httle or no tracery. The upper
psu-t of the tower, with the belfi-y windows, is also of late
Pei-pendiculai-, though not so late as the battlements and small
pinnacles, which bear the date on the south fr-ont, cut plainly into
the stone, of 1681. A doorway should also be noticed, Viith a
roimd-head, into the chantry on the south side; the door of which
bas the year 1696 marked upon it iu large-beaded naUs. An en-
grariug by Malcolm, of Staveley HaU, gives also an east view of
tbe church, and the tower is represented as surmounted in the
centre by a small octagon spire, or rather spfrelet, apparently made
of wood coated with lead, after the fashion of the " exttnguisher "
on Wfr'ksworth Parish Church. Om- confidence, however, in the
accuracy of this representation, is shaken, by the fact that Malcolm
altogether omits the battlements, winch must have then existed.
To revert to the interior of the church — before the restoration, it
was disfigured by three galleries, one over the south aisle, one
blocldng up tbe fime archway iuto the tower at the west end, and
another smaU singing gallery, strange to say, across the chancel
archway. The chancel was then partitioned off from the uave by
a substantial screen, with windows and door tn it; over whieh was
this third gallery. This gaUery must have been the successor of
the old rood-loft th-at stood iu a simUar position, but fr-om what we
cau gather, it had httle or none of the old woodwork, or any ap-
*Pegge-s Parochial CoUections, vol. iv., Staveley.

350 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
pearance of antiquity about it. A letter of the Eev. Fletcher Dixon,
dated October, 1816, says — "the rood-loft at Staveley, which re
mained pretty entfre since the Eeformation, was taken down about
twenty-five years ago, to let more Ught into the church."* Bassano,
writtng of this church, says — " At upper end of body of chmch is
seat belonging to Hall, and above it is a large molding, being upper
beam of ye rood-loft, and on wood is cut ye paternal coat armour
of FrecheviUe, a bend between six escaUops, held by an angel on
his breast. Upon end of an old seat in ye chanceU, Freoh-vUle
impaUng a bend between six martlets."
The brief description of the chantry, as it existed tn 1757^ is also
worth transcribing from Eeynolds' notes — " South aisle parted in
two from north to south by fron rail or paUsade, just by chancel
door, and more eastern part is the burying place of FrecheviUes.
The entrance into this burying place is on your right hand just as
you come up at the communion raUs." In the south waU of
the south aisle, just where the aisle terminates and the chantry
begins, is a smaU piscina which has at sometime been mutUated
and cut level with the wall, probably to make room for pews.
This, of course, affords a proof that a side altar formerly stood on
this spot.
One other object worthy of note remains in the interior of the
church. It is a richly carved recess, probably monumental, now
built tato the outer waU of the north aisle. It formerly occupied
a stmUar position in the north wall of the nave. It is about five
feet in length, and a simUar height in the centre, consisting of an
ogee-shaped arch ornamented with crockets, and supported at each
side by crocketed phmacles. The face of these pinnacles is di-vided
into two compartments one above the other. That to the right
hand is occupied by a man in a single short garment with his
hands folded, and below him is a man with a cro^wn, holding
in front of him a shield and a long sword. That to the left has
two female figures, the upper one tn a plain long dress, and the
lower one in a square cut head dress surmounted by a crown,
holding a book in her hands. These figm-es are all very small,
and so rudely cut that we should have ascribed them to an early
date, had not the other details of the sculpture unmistakably
pointed to nothing earlier than the Decorated period of the four
teenth century. The upper half of the interior of the arched recess
has had a de-fice painted on it, displaying no little skUl. This
* Lysons' Correspondence. Add. MSS. 9,423, f. 303.

STA-\rELEY. 351
was laid bare during its removal, but is now much faded, and
hardly anything remains but the outline of the figures. The centre
figure, from the nimbus, is unmistakably Christ, and two -winged
angels appear to be removing clothing from his shoulders. By some
this is said to represent the Eesurrection, but others have sug
gested the Baptism of the Saviour. The former appears to be the
more likely subject tn this situation, but then the hands of the
central figure do not now bear any marks of the nails, but these
may have faded away. We have little doubt that the lower part
of this recess has been originally occupied by a small effigy, or,
what is more Ukely, by a demi-effigy, and that it is of a monu
mental nature. It is now supported in the wall by a large base
ment stone that projects some inches beyond it, and on the surface
of tbis stone are holes that have evidently once sustained iron
bars. From this circumstance it has been conjectured that the
contents of this sepulchral recess were raUed off, and -that they
were possibly the valuable or bejeweUed relics of some saint. But
this conjecture cannot be maintained, for it is clear that the sup
porting stone is of a different nature to the rest of the monument,
and, from the moulding of its edges, can be sho-wn to belong to a
much later age.
On the apex of the eastern end of the roof of the nave is a bell-
cote, containing the sanctus beU — its proper position. This bell,.
which we were told is uninscribed, occupied a simUar position on
tbe old roof of the nave, before the church was restored, as we
find from the plate of the church in the Gentleman's Magazine,* to
which we have afready referred. It is a most exceptional thing to
meet with the sanctus beU ta its true position, most of those that'
are stUl extant having been transferred to the belfry.
A short article, descriptive of the church, accompanies the plate
in Urban's Magazine. From this we learn that the church had
been lately paved, a new gaUery built, and " the whole interior
beautified." The largely increased area of the church, since the
late alteration, is clearly shown, for we are told that it then con
tained " an ichnographical site of about forty yards by twelve."
Mr. Gisborne, the then rector, whose name appears on the beU, is
much praised in this article, for though 87 years of age, he always
met the corpse at the churchyard gate, and refused shelter at the
grave side. Mention is also made of a headstone in the church
yard to the memory of one Eobert Sampson, a tombstone bard
* Gentleman's Magazine, December, 1820."

352 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES,
and itinerant dealer in pottery, whom Urban's correspondent much
extols.* In the churchyard, near to the south porch, is the old cross,
now restored, the original portions of which are the base and the
greater portion of the shaft. The cross-head and the two steps .
are new. At the time of Bassano's -visit it must have been nearly
tf not quite perfect, for he speaks of " a fafre cross of 4 greeces
(steps) with a proportionable middle stem."
It now remains for us to describe the interesting monumental
remains still extant within the church, and to supplement this
description with as much information as we can coUect, respecting
the numerous memorials that have either decayed or been
demolished. The church of Staveley, being the property of so Ulustrious a
family as that of Frecheville, naturaUy attracted much attention
from the Heralds ia thefr Visitations. Various copies of the Visi
tations of 1569 and 1612 are preserved amongst the Harleian MSS. ;
and we have also consulted Ashmole's Church Notes of the 18th
August, 1662, the notes of Bassano taken about 1710, those of
John Eeynolds, taken on the 18th November, 1757, and the
voluminous CoUections of Dr. Pegge.f
From the " Visitation of Darbyshefre, by Eichard "St. George,
Esqufre, Norroy King of Arms, 1612, together with Visitation made
1569," we take the .following description of the elaborate blazonry
that then occupied the windows of this church : —
" In Staveley church, being the lordship of Sir Peter FrechevUle,
Kaight, taken tbe 24th day of August, 1611.
" These in the east chancel windowes : —
"1. Cheeky, or and az., & iess, gu. (Clifford).
" 2. Gu., three hons passant gardant, or. (England).
* Eobert Sampson was born at InkersaU Green, in the parish of Staveley. He died
on May 28th, 1804, aged 59. The foUo-wing is his epitaph, written by himself :—
" Mortal ! behold an emblem of thy fate.
Place thy affection on a future state ;
Revolving time vrill leave thee breathless soon.
Night takes us home if not called hence at noon.
Here lies a poet, famous once for verse.
Now awful silence bids no more rehearse ;
Here let his reUcs undisturbed remain,
In peaceful dust, tiU they're restored again."
There is one of his epitaphs in Chesterfleld churchyard, to the memory of Elizabeth
Mead, aged 15, who drowned herself in "Walton Dam, August 29th, 1789, owing to a
false charge of theft. See Local Notes aud Queries, Derbyshire Times, January 27th,
t The Notes of Eeynolds, and a portion of the Heralds' Visitations were published
in 1834, in the first volume of Nichols' Collectanea, but we have in each instance
consulted the original manuscripts. Add. MSS., 6,701 ; Harl. MSS., 5,809, 6,829,
1,093, and 1,537 ; Ashmolean MSS., 854.

STAVELEY. 353
" 3. Az., a bend between 6 escallops, arg. (Frecheville).
" 4. Barry of six, arg. and az. (Grey, of Sandiacre).
" 5. Az., biUety, a fess indented, or. (Deincourt).
"6. Arg., a chevron between three cross-crosslets fitchy, sa.
(Findern).* " These six in the south windowes : —
" 1. Sa., six annulets three, two, one. (Leake).
" 2. Sa., on a bordm-e, arg., eight cinquefoUs of the field. (Darcy).
"3. Arg., three hvery pots, gu., a border, sa. besanty. (Mon-
boucher). ^'4. Or., on a fesse, gu., three water-bougets, arg., over all a
bend, sa. (Bingham) .t
"5. Paly of six, or and gu. on a bend, sa., three water-bougets,
arg. (Byrton).J
"In another window: —
" Quarterly : Babington and Dethick, and beneath ' Orate pro
bono statu Dni Johis Babington, qui istam fenestram fieri fecit.'
" In another -window two coats. : —
" 1. ^Ir^f., a bend between six martlets, sa. (Tempest).
"2. J'rm.,§ five fusUs in fess, gu. (BosviUe).
" Beneath them this inscription : ' Orate pro bono statu Thome
Tempest armigeri, et . . . . uxoris ejus, qui istam fenestram
fieri fecerunt.'
"In another ¦window two coats : —
" 1. FrecheviUe.
" 2. Arg., on a saltfre engraUed, sa., nine annulets, or. (Leake).
"At the bottom of the window, under the first coat, one in
armour kneeUng ; upon his surcoat, the bend and 6 escallops ; his
bayre yeUow ; his hands closed and erect. Underneath this in
scription — 'Orate pro anima Johis FrechevUe ~ Armigeri, et pro
aiabus omnium antecessorum.'
"In the next pane, his wife kneehng at an altar (as likewise
her husband), her hands erect, upon her gowne saltoyre and an-
* Perhaps this coat is a mis-reading for.Cachehors, who held the manor of Staveley-
Woodthorpe. The heiress married Eodes in the fourteenth century.
t The arms of Bingham, of Nottinghamshire, were of common occurrence in the
churches 'of that county, where they were extensive landowners. These arms, with
out thebend, are stiU to be seen in North ¦Winfield Church. They were landowners
iu Staveley in the sixteenth century. ' ,
I The arms attributed to Monsire de Byrton in Jenyn's Ordinary (Harl. MSS.
6,589) ; but we are not able to account for their appearance here.
%Erm. is probably a mis-reading for arg. Elias Ashmole read this coat, " Erm., 5
fnsUs, sa." a bearing we cannot find iu Papworth or elsewhere, and which leads us
to thiuk that the glass was damaged, and partly illegible. 2a

354 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
unlets. Under-written — ' Orate pro bono statu Elizabeth® uxoris
ejus unius benefactorum.'
" In the same pane behind him, his son kneeUng at an altar in
a red robe, yellow hayred. Underwritten — ' Orate pro bono statu
Petri FrechvUe filii dicti Johis.'
" Behind her a daughter kneeling in a red gowne.
"In the next windowe —
'¦^ Arg., three magpies, proper. (Bakewell). 'Orate pro anima
Johis Bakewell, CapeUani qui istam fenestram fieri fecit.' "
We have appended to these different coats the names in brackets
of the- famUies to which they belonged. Thefr presence in these
¦windows may be thus briefly accounted for : — Clifford held a share
of the manor of Staveley for more than two centuries ; Ealph
FrecheviUe married Isabella, daughter of WUliam de Grey, of
Sandiacre, in the reign of Edward III. ; John Deincourt held land
in Staveley in the reign of Henry III., which appears to have re
mained in the famUy for several subsequent generations; John Freche
viUe married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Leake, of Sutton, in
1498 ; thefr son, Peter Frecheville, married Ehzabeth, eldest daughter
of Sir Eichard Tempest; Sfr Thomas Tempest, of Bracewell, High
Sheriff of Yorkshfre, 8 Henry VIIL, son of Sir Eichard, married
Eosamund, daughter and co-heiress of WilUam BosviUe, of Chevet ;*
Eosamund, the grand-daughter of Peter and Elizabeth Freche-vUle,
was married to John Darcy; Catharine, youngest daughter of Anker
Freche-viUe, was married to John Bakewell,f she died 16th August,
1517 ; the marriage between Freche^vUle and Monboucher is mentioned
belo^w ; the famUy of GoushiU were landowners tn the neighboming
parishes of Eckington and Barlborough ; and Sir John Babington,
of Dethick, who was ktUed at the battle of Bosworth, 1485, was a
benefactor to the church, and is supposed to have held land in
Staveley. Gervase HoUes, the Lincolnshfre antiquary, who visited this church
about half a century later, further mentions the arms of Freche
ville in a south window, with the words " Eadulphus FrechevUle''
*Betham's Baronetage, vol. ii., p. 346.
t By a deed of the year 1497, witnessed by Eichard PrecheviUe, parson of the
church of Staveley, John Bakewell, chaplain, grants to Anker Freche-vUle, and others,
aU his lands at Staveley and elsewhere in trust, to perform his last wUl. Nichols'
Collectanea, vol. iv., p.^04. John Bakewell, chaplain, to whose memory there -was
formerly' a -window, was not, of course, married, and his name-sake, who married
Catherine F., was,Ve beUeve, his nephew. The date of Catherine's death is taken
from an old Missal " belonging formerly to Staveley Church, now (1706) in the custody
of Mr. Eichard HaU, of Dronfield." This Missal was presented to the church by
Eobert Bertram, who died in. 1438. There were various entries of the Freche-rille
famUy on the fly leaves. Add. MSS. 6668, f. 301.

STAVELEY. 355
below them ; but the whole of this fine display of glass has long
since disappeared, and there does not appear to have been a single
ancient coat left, when Bassano visited the church in 1710. The
orders passed by the Commonwealth for the demohtion of painted
glass in churches, specially exempted all that was of an heraldic
or memorial nature ; but various battles and sieges raged so fiercely
round old Staveley House (which was in close proximity to the
church), between the Eoundheads and the Eoyahsts, that nearly the
whole of this blazonry probably then disappeared. The only frag
ments of old glass now remaining are two smaU pieces, tn yellow
and white, tn the east window of the chantry ; one of them represent
ing an old man -with bare feet grinding a hurdy-gurdy, and the
other a man's head with wavy hair. These fragments are of greater
age than any of the heraldic devices that we have been just
describing, and are coeval with the Decorated period of architecture.
There are two old monuments on the north side of the chancel,
of pecuhar interest, for they both consist of effigies ia brass to the
memory of the same man. The earUest of these is an altar tomb,
having on the top a full-length figure in brass of a knight in
armour. He is clad in plate armour, with his feet resting' on a
beUed talbot. Over his armour he wears a tabard, on which are
displayed the arms of Frecheville. His sword is girt ta front of
his left thigh, and the hUt of the dagger is shown on the right.
The hands are clasped uphfted, but the upper portion, together
with the head and shoulders, is missing. Two scroUs proceed from
the head, bearing these inscriptions respectively — " Sta Trinitas
unus Deus miserere nobis." " Deus ppicius esto mihi peccatori."
Above the figure is an emblem of the Trinity, occasionally found
on brasses of this date, consisting of a representation of God the
Father as an aged man seated under a canopy, holding before
him a crucifix, upon one arm of which a dove, the emblem of the
Holy Spirit, is alighting. At the four corners of the slab are four
escutcheons also in brass. They represent Frecheville, impaling a
Uon rampant; FrecheviUe impaUng, on a bend between 6 martlets
3 roundlets (Wortley), and the thfrd and fourth simply Frecheville.
— One of these latter is now very indistinct, and is described in
HoUes's Visitation as Leake, but sufficient remains to disprove
this. At each end of the tomb there has originally been a brass
escutcheon let into a quatrefoil cut in the stone, but these were
"rend away" even in Bassa-no's time. On ihe front there have
been also three shields, of which two are now remaining, viz. : —

356 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
FrechevUle impaling a lion rampant, and FrechevUle. Eound the
margin the following inscription is let ia, in a brass scroll, pro
fusely ornamented between the words with grotesque figures of
animals and bits of foliage. The tascription is not now perfect, the
words supplied from the Visitation of 1611 being printed ta italics.
Space was left at the time of the erection of this monument for the
precise date of the death, but this was not fiUed hi. " Orate pro
animabus Petri Frechwell Dni de Staveley in com. Derb. armigr. qui
obiit .... die mensis .... Anno Domini MiUims CCCC. ...
Et Matilde uxoris ejus. Quorum animarum propicietur Deus
Amen." This monument is to the memory of Peter FrechevUle,
who was mentioned above as being knighted at the battle of Mus
selborough, and Matilda (Wortley) his wife. She died in 1482
and, curiously enough, the Dodsworth MSS in the Bodleian
Library, tell us of a separate monument to her memory, described
as "being on the ground." It bore the following inscription: —
" Hic jacet MatUda ffrechvile quondam uxor Petri ffrechvUe, An.
Dom. de Staveley qui obUt 12 Kalend  A. 1482." There
is now no trace of this monument, and we must conclude, with re
gard to the altar tomb, that it was erected to their joint memory,
some time after the wife's decease, by her husband. However, on tho
death of Sfr Peter FrecheviUe, his sur-vivors or executors do not
appear to have been content to simply fiU in the blank date on
this costly and handsome tomb, but they must needs perpetuate his
memory by a second brass, affixed to the wall immediately above
the altar tomb. This monument represents Peter and MatUda
kneeling at desks facing one another. The knight is clad in maU,
but -with bare head and hands. His long sword rests on the spms
of his sabbatons. Behind him are eight boys, kneehng in long
gowns trimmed with fur, wearing straight long hair. His lady is
clad in a long gown, also fur trimmed, aud wears a peaked head
dress with faUing lappets. Behind her kneel seven gfrls similarly
attfred. Above them is a figure of the Vfrgin and ChUd, to which
two soroUs lead up from the mouths of the knight and his lady.
These scroUs are now missing, but we can supply the words, as
they were extant when Bassano visited the church. They were
inscribed as foUows : — " Sancta Maria, ora pro nobis," aud " 0
mater Dei memento mei." Below the figures we read this inscrip
tion : — "Here under fote lieth the bodys of Peyrs FreychweU and
Maude his wyf, and sume tyme squier unto the noble and exceUent
prince King Hemy the VI. , and lord and patron of this chfrche

STAVELEY. 357
Peyrs decessyd the xxv day of Marche, the yere our lord MDIII.
On whose souUys Jim have mercy. Amen."
This Peter FrecheviUe was the son of Gervase and Margaret
FrecheviUe. Of the fifteen chUdren, which, according to the mural
monument, were born to him and his wife Maud, many must have
died tn their infancy, as they are not noticed tn any of the Visita
tion pedigrees. We now only know the names of seven. John,
the eldest son and hefr, whose tomb we shall immediately notice;
Nicholas, who held Park HaU, Denby ; Ealph, who had property
at Brimington, and whose wUl is dated 1511 ; Eichard, rector of
Staveley; Anker, who married Isabel, daughter and heiress of
Thomas Wakefield, of Newark; and two daughters, Agnes and
Eleanor, who are incidentally mentioned in a pardon of the Pope's
of the year 1467.*
The next tomb to be noticed is a large slab of alabaster, raised
slightly from the ground, and placed under one of the two arches
that separate the chanti-y fr-om the chancel. Upon this slab the
effigy of a man tn armom- is boldly pourtrayed, and an inscription
runs round the margin. The effigy is bare-headed, with hands
clasped, and sword by his side ; the feet are now broken, but the
smaU spins remain, and Bassano and others describe the feet as
resting on a talbot or greyhound. This figure represents John
Freche-vUle, the son of Sfr Peter FrechevUle, whose monument we
have just described. Above his head are the arms of FrecheviUe.
The inscription is as foUows, that part which is now missing has
been supphed from the Visitation of Gervase HoUes, and is printed
in italics': — "Hic jacet Jobs FrechevUle armiger qui diem suum
clausit extremum vicessimo mensis Januari Anno Dni MiUim D. nono,
Cujus aie propicietiu- Deus. Amen."
Eeynolds, writing in 1757, mentions several broken alabaster
pavers " lying before the Communion raUs," but aU Ulegible. The
inscription on one of these is given at the Visitation of 1611 :
"Hic jacet Margareta FrechevUle uxor .... Freche-vUle quce ob.
vhj. Ides  (1336);" and at the head FrecheviUe impaling
Monboucher. Another stone also then bore FrecheviUe impaUng
Fitzralph. Bassano (1710) describes yet another " alabaster stone
close to the north door of ehanceU, bearing Frecheville impaling 2
chevrons (Musard)," and four others aU iUegible. This slab,
described by Bassano as bearing FrecheviUe impF.lhig Jlusard, would,
in aU probabiUty, be the interesting memorial of the first of the
* Harl. MSS. 1587, f. 57. L.insdo-wue MSS -207.^145.

358 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Staveley Frechevilles, viz.. Anker de FrecheviUe, Lord of Crich.
He, in the reign of Henry IIL, married Amicia, the eldest sister
and one of the co-hefresses of Nicholas Musard, who was Lord and
Eector of Staveley. The issue of this marriage was Ealph Freche
vUle ; who, by Margaret, daughter and hefress of John Beaufey, had
Anker FrechevUle, who married Margaret, daughter of George
Monboucher. At the restoration of the church, the remaias of these slabs were
placed in the chantry ; but all the armorial bearings were quite
obliterated, and only a few words, almost Ulegible, of marginal
inscription can be traced upon one. "Que luce (?)" was aU that
we could decipher. Eeynolds, too, makes mention of " several
bluish flat stones, formerly crosses, but edges and figures wanting.''
One of these stUl remains tn the pavement of the chantry, and it
is evident, from the indent or matrix, that it originaUy consisted of a
demi-effigy with inscription below it, terminating in a cross. Brasses
of this description are generaUy of the fourteenth century. Another
one, that shows the matrices of a marginal inscription, and of a
centre figure with another inscription below it, has been subse
quently re-used to commemorate a later sepulture, and now bears
tbe word " Eesurgant" in Eoman capitals at the foot, and the date,
1653, at the top. This chantry, or "FrecheviUe quire," contains
the monuments, handsome of their style, to the last of that famUy;
but it would be foreign to the purport of these "Notes" to give
detaUed descriptions of these post-Eeformation memorials. Suffice
it, then, to say that they consist of a large marble sarcophagus, in
memory of John, Lord FrecheviUe, the last of that ancient famUy,
who died 1682, aged 76 ; and a handsome monument to his daugh
ter Christian, wife of Lord St. John of Basing, who died in child
bed of her first son tn 1653. The mother is represented in white
marble in a recumbent position, with the child in her arms. The
head is considered to be a fine piece of sculpture. Behind Lord
FrecheviUe's sarcophagus is a window of coloured glass, bearing
in the centre the arms and quarterings of the last of the Freche
villes, surrounded with cherubs and wreaths of roses. The motto
is "Qui afrne le roy, aime sa patrie;" and at the bottom is the
inscription — "Dom Johannes FreschevUle Baro de Staley posuit.
1676." The colours of this wiadow are peculiarly deUcate, and it
is a fine specimen of the Eenaissance style, but yet it looks strangely
incongruous within the walls of a gothic church. It is said that
this window was imported from France, and Bassano mentions that
it cost £40, a very large price in those days.

STAVELEY. 359
Various interesting relics that had escaped the fury of the civU
wars, and fhe zeal of the Puritans, have since faUen victims to the
almost more destructive sluggishness of the "churchwarden era;"
for Bassano teUs us that "Here hangs hys (John FrecheviUe's)
Pennon and Streamer, spurs, gauntlets, helmet, and crest, with tassels
of sUk, bossed -with gold ; with all ye achievements of Sir P. Freche
vUle, knight, who was knighted at Muselborrow battle, in Scotland,
great grandfather 'to John Lord FrecheviUe. Upon ye Pennon is
the same quartered coats as in ye window, exclusive of escutcheon
of pretence. Upon ye head end of ye Streamer is ye Arms of
England, below is FrecheviUe crest in several places, and ye motto
ye same as in ye window."
Immediately below the monument to the Lady Christian is a very
interesting slab to an ecclesiastic. The figure is clad in a single
long vestment or cassock, and is incised in low relief. From the
left hand proceeds a scroll bearing the words " Memento Johis,"
and the other arm supports a pastoral staff, the crook of which is
elegantly carved and tumed inwards. Over the head is a canopy,
or rather semi- circular ribbon, ornamented with four-leaved flowers.
Eound the margin is a weU carved inscription, the words being
divided by foUage. The words in itaUcs are almost quite iUegible,
and are here supphed from the Notes of HoUes. "Hic jacet Do
minus Johannes Warton quondam rector istitis ecclesie cujus anime
propicietur Deus. Amen."
We have endeavoured to form a complete list of the rectors of
Staveley, but have faded to fiU up the considerable gap which
intervenes between John de Horton, mentioned above, and the time
of Henry VI. , when Peter Eothery held the rectory. The pastoral
staff -with the crook curved inwards appears to denote that Johannes
Warton, formerly rector of Staveley, was at one time an Abbot of
some ecclesiastical foundation ; but it is curious that that fact should
not be recorded in the inscription. The general appearance of this
memorial seems to point to the fourteenth century as its date. It
perhaps should also be noted that this inscription has more than
once been read "Warsop'' and not "Warton;" but a careful com
parison of the letters with the remainder of the inscription con
vinces us that the final letter is not a " p ", at aU events it does
not in any way correspond -with the "p" in "propicietur.'' In
another part of this chantry, so rich in monumental remains, is
a far older incised slab, of the nature of many of those that have
been already described under other churches. The slab is of grit-

360 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
stone, and tapers in shape, being one foot ten inches in ¦width at
the head, and one foot three at the base. Its length is six feet
nine, and it is incised with a cross ha^ving a simply-formed cfrcular
head. To the dexter side of the stem of the cross is a long sword
with a cross-shaped hUt. There is a diamond-shaped incision above
the head of the cross; and in the "calvary" of four steps, at the
base, is a five-leaved flower. Midway in the stem of the cross is
the matrix of a small oblong brass which is now missing, affording
proof that this stone also has been used for a doubly commemo
rative purpose. We are inchned to put the date of this stone tn
the twelfth century. The head of another incised cross is almost
entirely concealed by the base of a large canopied niche, that is
fixed against the waU in the south-east corner of this chantry.
The base of this niche is now raised about a foot from the ground,
and at first sight it appears as if it was intended for a sedUe; but
a closer inspection shows that the stone forming the base is carved
into two pediments, and that the pointed crocketed canopy is also
divided into two parts, clearly pro^ving that it was designed for the
reception of the figures or statues of two saints, when it would
probably be fixed at a higher altitude than it now occupies. Near
to it, but in the south waU, projects a stone corbel or bracket
formed of a rudely designed human head.
The belfry contains a fine peal of eight bells. We give the in
scriptions, though none of them have any claim to antiquity.
I. " Given to the Church by the Eevd. Francis Gisborne. Ed
ward Arnold, St. Neots, fecit, 1782." The weight of this bell is
also lightly incised on the top of the shoulder, 18 cwt. 3 qrs. 32 lbs.
II. " The Duke of Devonshfre gave £50 for recasting the five
first bells. The parish bore aU other expenses, 1782." The weight,
marked in the same place as on the pre^vious one, is 12 cwt. 2 qrs.
3 lbs. in. " Eevd. Fletcher Dixon, curate. Eichard Flint, John Law
rence churchwardens. Edward Ai-nold, fecit, 1782." Weight 10 cwt.
0 qr. 7 lbs.
IV. ' ' Eevd. Fletcher Dixon curate. Eichard Flint, John Law
rence, churchwardens. Edward Arnold, St. Neots, fecit, 1782."
Weight 9 cwt. 0 qr. 14 lbs.
V. " WhUst thus we join in cheerful sound. May love and
loyalty abound, 1782." Weight 7 cwts. 3 qrs. 21 lbs.
VI. " Edward Arnold, St. Neots, Huntingdonshfre, fecit, 1782."
Weight 7 cwt. 3 qrs, 0 lbs.

STAVELEY. 361
VII. "This beU was given by the Eevd. Francis Gisborne,
Eector of Staveley, on William the Marquis of Hartington coming
of age, the 21st of May 1811. T. Mears, of London, fecit."
VIII. "This bell was given by the parishioners of Staveley and
C. on William the Marquis of Hartington coming of age, 21st May,
1811. T. Mears, London, fecit."
The Eev. Fletcher Dixon, mentioned on two of these beUs, was
brother-in-law of the Eev. Francis Gisborne, the rector. He was
subsequently appointed -vicar of Duffield.
There is a curious tale about the recasting of these bells, which
was narrated to us by one who now acts as the janitor of the
church. Our informant told us that he had it from his grand
father, Mr. Garfitt, who was then in charge of the beUs ; but it
must surely have been his great-grandfather, when we reflect on
the date. The whole of the Staveley beUs, eight in number, were
sent to a far distant foundry (St. Neots) to be recast in 1782, and
when the note ad-vising of thefr departure on the road home reached
Staveley, Mr. Garfitt was despatched to meet them. He fell in
-with the waggon or waggons, in which they were being conveyed, at
Leicester ; and escorted them to Staveley in triumph. In due course
they were hung in position ; and, to the pubhc generally, their tone
(for which Staveley tower had always been noted) was satisfactory.
But the critical ears of the beU-ringers and some of thefr musical
friends detected something sUghtly amiss in two of them, and com
plaint was made at the foundry of St. Neots. From the corres
pondence that thereupon ensued it was discovered, that new or
recast beUs were at the same time being sent from St. Neots to
the church of Darfield in Yorkshfre, and that two of them had been
misdfrected or changed hands on the road. Mr. Garfitt was there
fore despatched to Darfield ; but the good people there had got thefr
beUs safely in position, and not being possessed of ears so sensitive
as those of the Staveley parishioners, refused to have them removed.
Staveley had then to put up with the slight discord, untU, we
suppose, the year ISll, when the two defaulters were recast by
Mears of London, in unison with the rest of the peal. We think
we have recorded this account just as it was told us, and we are
sure that our informant will not think us discourteous if we express
an opinion that there is something apocryphal about it. For, on
referring to our note book, we find that eighteen months ago we
were told by a very old inhabitant of Killamarsh, that thefr bells
had found their way to Darfield belfry, not under exactly simUar

362 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
cfrcumstances, but with only a slight variation ! And clearly there
is something mysterious about these Darfield bells, for it was to
that belfry also, that the old beUs of Beauchief Abbey are said to
have been taken.

The Taxation EoU of Pope Nicholas IV., taken in 1291, values
the church of Staveley at £10 per annum. The Valor Ecclesiasticus,
27 Henry VIIL, gives the following particulars of the rectory, from
which it appears that the Cliffords still held one presentation to
two of the FrechevUles. STAVELEY EECTOEIA.
Domino Henrico Clifford quaUbet tertia via et Petro FretchviUe duabus vicibus Pa-
tronis ejusdem.
Dominus Johannes Hewett rector habet ibidem.
In mansione cum gleba
In decimis garbarum
In decimis feni
In paschaU rotulo
In decimis lane et agnellorum
In decimis minutis et oblationibus

£

s. xl

d.

VJ

X
xl
xxx

XUJ
IUJ
Summa
xij
xiij
iiij
i procuragio -
VJ
De claro
xij
vij
iiij
Decima inde
xxinj
IX
Unde resoluta est archidiacons Derbie pro scenagio et procuragio
The Parhamentary Commission of 1650 reported that the rectory
of Staveley was in two medieties, one of which, to the value of
£80 per annum, was appropriated to the minister ; but the other,
valued at £100, was impropriated to Mr. FrechevUle, " whereof
£30 was lately settled to the chapel of Holmesfield." * The Com
missioners add that Mr. George Mason, the incumbent, was an
"able minister.'' The mediety of the rectory, -here described as
impropriated by Mr. FrecheviUe, was that portion which had been
given, as already stated, to the Hospital of St. John oJf Jerusalem.
On the dissolution of the property of that Hospital in the reign
of Henry VIIL, this moiety passed to Sir Francis Leake, and he
conveyed it, together -with a portion of the manor of Staveley, to
Peter FrecheviUe, for the sum of £286, on May 1st, 37 Henry VIH.
Attached to the manor of Staveley was a Free Chapel, in no way
dependent on the rectory. This chapel was founded by the Mu
sard s in the thfrteenth century, and was dedicated to St. John the
* See the account of Holmesfield Chapelry.
STAVELEY. 363
Baptist.* It appears that the advowson of this chapelry, which
waa possessed of an independent endowment as early as the reign
of Edward I., was held in medieties in correspondence with the
divisions of the manor and rectory ; for we sometimes find the pre
sentation in the hands of the Frechevilles, and sometimes of the
Chffords.f When the Chantry Commission was appointed, in the reign of
Henry VIH., the commissioners included this chapel in their report.
The foUowiag is thefr- condensed account in the Chantry Eoll from
which we have usuaUy quoted in these pages : —
" Staley. The Free Chapel founded by Musserd auncestor of Sir
Peter Frachitell Knt., nowe patron, to serve the cure of the manor
of Staley, hiis. Uijd. Thos. Bromhead preste. xvi., resolute rentte
to my lade of Cumberlande. It is a parisshe churche and hath a
mancyon house worthey to be letten yerely xvjs. Our chahs was
stolen xij. monethes past. Stock Ujs. jd. Clere value Uijs. iiijd.
From another and more extended copy of the Chantry Eoll,|
there appears to be no doubt that this chapel was possessed of
fuU sacramental rights of every description, and was, in fact, a parish
of itself. But this did not spare it from confiscation ; and the land,
pertaining thereto, amounting .to about fifty acres, was handed over
to Sir John Pinent and Thomas Eeve, who tn thefr turn, " pro
quad. sum. pecun." conveyed the property to Sir Peter FrechevUle
on December 24th, 1548. § There is now no trace whatever re
maining of this chapel, nor is the site known with any precision. ||
*
About a mUe and a half from Staveley is the hamlet of Wood
thorpe. Here Peter Freche-vUle by his wUl, beartag date 16th
* It is true that one Inquisition styles it the Chapel of St. John, but, though this
dedication is adopted by the Eev. Mackenzie ¦Walcott, the preponderance of e-ridence
in favour of John the Baptist is overwhelming.
t Inq. post mort. 2 Edw. IL, No. 10 ; 13 Eic. II., No. 14 ; 14 Eic. II. (Anker Freche
vUle); -12 Hen. IV., No. 6. Lansdo-wue MSS. 207, f. 162. Additional MSS. 5937,
f. 51.
t Certificates of CoUeges, &c., EoU 13, No. 35, at the Public Eecord Office.
§ See Nichol's Collectanea, vol. iv. p. 207.
II It is said in Dr. Pegge's Collections (vol. iv.) that .this chapel was founded by
Lady Amicia Frecheville, who obtained leave for its erection in the Ufetime of her
kinsman, Nicholas Musard, the rector. _
Dr. Pegge gives a subsequent jotting respecting this parish in another volume,
where he relates that on " May 11th, 1694, Francis Glossop of Neather Hanley in
Staveley parish, dyed; who (as was discerned) did put 57«. in the poor mans box m
Staveley chancel, about I'O years agone, at one time." The Doctor copies this from
a manuscript book of Mr. H. Lowe, of -Whittington, as weU as the information that
Staveley wakes were held in 1698 on Trinity Sunday, though they had always pre
viously been held on the Sunday before Midsummer day. Dr. Pegge also states that
there was a GuUd of St. Mary at Staveley in the reign of Edward VL, but we have
met -with no corroboration of this statement.

364 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
March, 1632, caused certain recently- erected buildings to be con
verted into an hospital or alms-houses for eight poor men and
women, and he describes its situation as on "the south side of the
chapel." This, it appears, was a chapel previously erected by him,
and he makes special provision in his wiU for the constant atten
dance of the aged pensioners therein. " They should ihoreover
pay to some honest deacon, or other ecclesiastical person to be
chosen in manner aforesaid, for his pains in duly and decently
reading morning and evening prayer, according to the book of
Common Prayer, every day in the week to the said poor people in
the chapel aforesaid, the like yearly sum of £4 quarterly as afore
said. . . . Such deacon or reader should from time to time
have his lodgings in a chamber or upper room, situate in the west
end of the said almshouse."*
¦* See the Charity Commissioners' Eeport, 1827. There is a long account of the
later FrecheviUes and of Staveley Hall in the Reliquary (vol. iU), from the pen of the
late Mr. Swift, of SheiBeld.

Htton-in-!fF-itfllp,

^urkmanton*

jSuHon-ln-f^p-i^alfp,

|UTTON-IN-THE-DALE, thus called to distinguish, it from
Sutton-on-the-HUl, a viUage of South Derbyshire, is now,
for the most part, known as Sutton-Scarsdale, from the
Hundred ia which it is situated. Both these vUlages formed part
of the large landed property with which Wulfric endowed Burton
Abbey in the year 1002. We have failed to find any early mention
of the church at Sutton, but the manor, which was in the hands
of Eoger de Poictou at the time of the Domesday Survey, was
granted to the famUy of De Hareston hi the thirteenth century.
In the next century, the heiress of Eobert de Hareston brought the
estate to the Greys of Sandiacre,* and from them it passed by
subsequent marriages to the Hillarys, and thence to the Leakes.
The Lekes or Leakes derive their descent from AUan de Leka of
Leak in Nottinghamshfre, who was li-ving in 1141. The first of
that family who settled at Sutton-Scarsdale was WUliam, a younger
son of Sir John Leake, of Gotham, who came there in the early
part of the fifteenth century.
The church at Sutton-Scarsdale, dedicated to St. Mary, consists
of a nave, chancel, north aisle, south porch, and an embattled
tower at the west end. There does not appear to be any clear
trace, about the buUding, of a date., earlier than the Decorated
period of ecclesiastical architecture, in the first half of the four
teenth century. The nave, chancel, and south porch seem to be
mainly of that style, the east window of the chancel and two of
the south windows of the nave being filled with Decorated tracery ;
but other lights are of later insertion, and point to the Perpendi
cular period. The north aisle, also, and the tower, have evidently
been buUt when that style was in vogue, though all the large
*Inq. post mort. 33 Hen. IIL, No. 16; 3 Edw. IIL, No. 47; 4 Hen. IV., No. 1,
etc., etc. Quo Warranto Eoll, 4 Bdw. III.

368 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
windows of the former must be attributed to a much more debased
age. This aisle, which runs along the whole north side of the
church, so as to make a second chancel or side chapel, is separated
from the nave and chancel by five pointed arches resting on octagon
pUlars with plainly moulded capitals. At the east end of the aisle,
below the -window, is a smaU corbel bracket with an embattled edge
and terminating in a human face. It has, doubtless, served as a
pedestal for the saint of the side chapel. The roof of the aisle is
divided into squares (now filled up with whitewashed plaster) by
intersecting beams. The alternate bosses do-wn the centre are
carved into armorial shields, which are still perfect, though there
is no trace left of the tinctures or proper colours.
The first of these, beginning at the east end, is Leake {arg., on
a saltire engraUed, sa., nine annulets, nr), impaUng Savage {arg., a
pale fusUly, sa.).
The second, Leake impaling Foljambe {sa., a bend between six
escallops, or).
The third, Foljambe impaling Leake.
The fourth is the same as the first.
The fifth, which is difficult now to read, but which Bassano
describes as "Barr-wayes of 6 pieces, upon 3rd a crescent, upon
5th two crescents," is for Waterton, impaling Leake.*
The centre -window on the north side of this aisle contains two
interesting fragments of old glass. The one consists of the figure
of a man, with long curling hair and a smooth face, set in a back
ground of red glass, the upper part of the body encased in plate
armour, and the arms of Leake on the cufrass ; the other is a
quartered coat of arms: — 1st and 4th arg., a bear rampant, sa.,
muzzled, collared, and chained, _ or (Beresford) ; 2nd and 3rd per
chevron, arg. and or, three pheons, sa. (HassaU), with a crescent
for difference.
Though this is aU the painted glass now in the church, it had
formerly several memorial windows to the Leakes and their connec
tions. A good many interesting fragments must have disappeared
of late years, for in an account of this church, published in 1791,t
and again in the manuscript notes of Lysons taken about twenty
years later,J there are descriptions of a man in a surcoat of the
* According to Glover's Ordinary, the arms of "Waterton of Walton, Yoi^s., are —
Barry of 6 erm. and gu., over aU 3 crescents sa.
f The Topographer, vol. ui., p. 341.
t Add. MSS. 9463.

SUTTON-IN-THE-DALE. 369
Leake Arms, and of a lady with a pointed head-dress, having on
her robes the arms of Foljambe, and other particulars. When
Bassano visited the church in 1710 he reported, that the glass
seemed tolerably perfect in the north and east windows ; but it is
from the Herald's Visitations in 1569 and in 1612 that we learn
BO many details of the former condition of these windows ; detaUs
of much interest in connection with the famUy history of the
Leakes, who possessed this manor and the advowson of the church
for so many generations. *
In the east window of the north aisle was the foUo^wing inscription
to Sfr John Leake, and Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Sir John
Savage, from which we learn nearly the precise date of the rebuilding
of tbe north aisle, and the chancel : —
" Orate pro animabus Johis Leeke viri nobUis, Domini de Sutton
in le Dale Arm., et Elizabeths uxoris ejusdem, qui hujus ecclesiae
partem borealem una cum choro principaU tn omni opere in lapide
tum ligneo cum vitreo tumque plumbeo et ferreo fieri fecit de novo.
Quiquidem Johannes penultimo die MartU A. Domini 1505 ab hac
luce migravit ad Dominum."
Below the inscription was Leake impaling Savage. Their eldest
son and hefr, John, married Jane or Jennett, daughter of Henry
Foljambe of Walton ; and thefr eldest daughter, Catherine, married
Sfr Godfrey Foljambe, brother of Jane. This accounts for the
impaled coats of these famUies on the roof of the aisle. Eleanor,
or EUen, the second daughter of Sfr John Leake and Elizabeth
Savage, married Eobert Waterton, of Walton, Yorkshire, which ac
counts for another of the shields on the roof This daughter, and
her elder brother John, together with James Beresford, were com
memorated in the centre window of the north aisle, the fragments
in which we have afready described. The inscription was — " Orate,
qusesumus, pro animabus Johis Leeke et EUenje, et neonon pro
animabus Magistri Jacobi Berisford sacrum legum BaccalarU ....
Chesterfeild, ac dictorum Johannis et Elense oratoris obsequentis-
simi." The mention of James Beresford in connection with these
two children of Sir John Leake, seems to point to his having at
one time been domestic chaplain and probably tutor in the family.
The quartered arms of Beresford and HassaU, still extant, show
the parentage of James Beresford. Thomas Beresford, a younger
son of John Beresford, of Beresford, Staffordshfre, married Agnes,
*Harl. MSS, 1093, foi. 21; 1486, foi. 24 ; and 5809. Sonje of these inscriptions are
also to be found amongst the Dodsworth MSS. in the Bodleian Library.
2b

370 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
the daughter and heiress of Eobert Hassel, of Hassel, Cheshfre,
and settled at Fenny Bentley, near Ashbourne, in the fifteenth
century. They had a family of sixteen sons and five daughters.
There is an elaborate monument to thefr memory tn the
chancel of Penny Bentley church. James appears to have been
the youngest but one of the sixteen sons ; he subsequently attained
to the degree of LL.D.*
Sfr John Leake's second son was Thomas, who married Maude,
daughter of James EoUeston. Another window hi this aisle was to
his memory, and thus inscribed: — " Orate pro bono statu Thomse
Leeke, filU Johis Leeke et Elizabeths consortis suse, ac fratis Johis
Leeke ; " and below it were the arms of Leake, with a crescent for
difference. There was yet a thfrd daughter of Sir John Leake, Elizabeth ;
but there is no record of her memory having been enshrined in
these -windows. She was married in the first instance, in 1502, to
John Frecheville, of Staveley, wben he was only thfrteen years old ;
and, secondly, to Brian Hasttags.t It is very possible that her
father had completed the restoration of the north aisle and chancel
before she was born, or, at all events before she was of sufficient
age to warrant any special memento of her name.
In another window was a further memorial to John Leake and
his wife Joan, ta connection with his maternal uncle, Thomas
Savage, Archbishop of York. It read as foUows : — " Orate pro
felici statu Honorabilissimi patris tn Christo Thomje Savage, Ebor.
Archipraesulis meritissimi ; necnon prospero statu Johis Leeke filU
et hferedis Johis et Ehzabethas, et Jobannae consortis suae." Below
it were the impaled arms of the See of York with Savage, and
of Leake -with Foljambe. Thomas Savage was the second of the
niae sons of Sir John Savage, of Staiasby, etc., by Katharine,
daughter of Thomas, Lord Stanley. Thomas Savage was con
secrated Bishop of Eochester in 1493, Bishop of London in 1496,
and Archbishop of York ia 1501. His sister Elizabeth, as stated
above, was married to Sir John Leake.f
Though the prayers of the worshippers at Sutton were asked for
this Archbishop, his remahis were not deposited here, but in his
Cathedral of York ; special dfrections having been given that his
*Harl. MSS. 1093, foi. 49. Glover's Derbyshire, vol. ii, p. 44.
t Nichol's Collectanea, vol. iv., p. 206.
X For further particulars as to the Savages, of Stainsby, see the account of the
Churches of Hault HucknaU and North Winfield.

SUTTON-IN-THE-DALE. 371
heart should be buried at his bfrth-place, Macclesfield. We Imow
not whether this injunction was carried out. He died at Cawood
on the 2nd of September, 1507, and it is said of him that his
chief delight was "in the sound of the huntsman's horn, and the
baying of his hounds."
In the east window of the chancel, and in the south windows,
there was formerly some older glass than that which we have been
considering, consisting of coats of arms relating to the occupants of
the manor of Sutton, prior to Leake. In 1235, the manor was
granted to Peter de Hareston. The heiress of his successor, Eobert
de Hareston, brought it to Eichard de Grey, of Sandiacre. Alice,
daughter and heir of WUUam de Grey, married William HiUary;
thefr son John took the name of Grey about 1390. His daughter
and heir, Alicia, brought the manors of both Sandiacre and Sutton
to the Leakes, by marriage with John Leake, in the reign of
Henry IV., and thenceforth the chief seat of the Leake family was
at Sutton. John Leake, who first obtained Sutton, was grand
father of his namesake who married Elizabeth Savage.
The east window of the chancel contained : —
1. Barry of six, arg. and az. (Grey, of Codnor.)
2. The same with label , of three points, gu., charged with nine
bezants.-* 3. Barry of six, arg. and az., on a bend, gu., three leopards' faces
jessant de lis, or.f
4. Barry of six, arg. and az., over all a cinquefoil, or.X
In tbe south windows were three ancient coats : —
1. Sa., three leopards' faces jessant de lis, arg., within seven
cross-crosslets fitchy, of the second. (HiUary.)
2. Cheeky, arg. and gu.% (Eoos, or Vaux.)
3. Or, two bars, gu., in chief two martlets of the second.
We must not omit to mention an alabaster gravestone in the
chancel, bearing on it an effigy tn plate armour, with helmet and
crest under the head. A considerable portion of the inscription
round this stone is given in the Topographer, and in Lysons' MSS.
Notes, but it was complete at the visit of Bassano, aud we accord
ingly give it, as it read in 1710 : — " Hic jacet Johannis Foljambe
filius et pro tempore heres apparens Godfridi Foljambe, qui obiit
* The arms of a younger branch of Grey, according to Glover's Ordinary.
tThis is another bearing of Grey, Harl. MSS. 1,459; probably a compromise be
tween the coats of HiUary and Grey.
X This is most Ukely Grey again, with the cinquefoU for a difference.
§ Paly, arg. and gu., in Harl. MSS. 1,486.

372 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
apud Sutton-in-le-Dale vicessimo septimo die mensis Octobris, A.D.
Milessimo quadringentessimo nonogessimo nono. Cujus anime pro
picietur Deus. Amen." This was John, the eldest son of Sir
Godfrey Foljambe and Catharine Leake, who died in his mere boy
hood, for his parents were not married tiU 1490. He was suc
ceeded as heir by his brother, the future Sfr James Foljambe, who
was not born tUl twelve years after John's death.* We could not
find this slab at the time of our visit to the chmch, and there
seems a strong probabUity that it was taken up, and not replaced,
at a recent date, when the late Mr. Eobert Arkwright had the
the whole of the pavement relaid.
The whole of the internal arrangements of this church are pecu
liar ; the pulpit, for instance, being placed against the north waU
of the aisle. Near to it are fixed tablets bearing the Belief and
the Lord's Prayer, and at the bottom of the former is an inscrip
tion saying that — " This Church was repaired and beautified by
Clement Kynnersley, Esq., in 1807." It would most hkely be at
this date that the windows ol the aisle were altered to their pre
sent barbarous condition, and that the crocketed pinnacles of the
exterior of the tower and body of the church were so clumsUy re
newed. The nave does not contain much of interest ; the archway into
the tower is plastered up and hidden by a west gaUery ; and the
smaU priests' door, on the south side of the chancel, though of
good proportions, and with neat hood-mould on the exterior, is
built up, and the recess occupied by a stove, whose clumsy pipe is
a most unsightly object. The niche in the wall of the chancel,
which has formerly served for the piscina, is now fitted with au
fron safe for deeds. At the time of our visit the door of the safe
was ajar, but the sole document there treasured was an Act of
George the IV., for the prevention of Irregular Marriages! To the
left of the east window is a ponderously ugly monument, to the
memory of Francis Pierrepont, grandson of Eobert, Earl of King
ston, who died in the year 1707. We only mention this monument
as it is of interest in connection with Elizabeth, Countess of Shrews
bury. The third great mansion which that lady built in this
county was situated at Owlcote, or Oldcote, in this parish. This
estate passed with the Countess's daughter Frances, to Sir Henry
Pierrepont, whose descendant Francis, commemorated by this monu-
* The elaborate notice of the Foljambe family in Nichol's Collectanea, erroneously
speaks of Sir James Foljambe as the eldest son of Sir Godfrey.

SUTTON-IN-THE-DALE. 373
ment, was the last of that branch of the family. There are now
no remains of this mansion, and it is supposed that it was taken
down at the death of Mr. Francis Pierrepont.
Near the font (which is a modern one) there is a slab, forming
part of the pavement,- which bears an incised cross. It has a
pedimented or "Calvary" base, the stem is formed of two paraUel
lines, and the head is circular and slightly floriated. In the centre
of the floriations is the letter T in Eoman capitals, but this is
evidently a modern and wanton addition. To the left hand of the
stem of the cross is a curious figure, intended, we believe, to repre
sent a knife, or more hkely the head of a halberd or biU. This
symbol is one that is very rarely met -with on incised slabs, and
the student of this branch of antiquarian lore wiU not be sorry
to have another instance mentioned that "seems to have hitherto
escaped notice. We only know of three instances recorded in the
manuals dealing with incised slabs; -viz., at the Castle Chapel, New
castle, at Papple-wick, Notts, and at Lichfield Cathedral.* If it is
intended for the head of a halberd, it merely marks the grave of a
soldier, of what grade it is difficult to say ; but should it represent
a knife, it may perhaps be the symbol of an " Ecuyer trenchant,"
or tbe official " kerver " of some great family, which was a post
of honour. From the general appearance of this slab, which has
been cut round the edges to fit its present position, we should say
that it coidd not be of later date than the thfrteenth century, and
therefore older than any part of tbe church as it now stands ; it is
in itself a proof of there having been an earher building on this
site, for this stone has not been cut to mark any out-door sepul
ture. Another stone adjoining this one, and of similar size, is also
weU worthy of attention, though perhaps a century or two later in
its date. It bears round the margin a short inscription (of which
part is missing owing to the cutting off of one end of the slab),
in Lombardic capitals of two inches in length. Each character is
separated from its neighbours by equal intervals of some three
inches, and there is no punctuation whatever. That which is
legible is as foUows, each dot representing a missing letter —
HICIACETIS....LLA.HITE. Making aUow
ance for a superabundant letter in the Christian name, a matter
of no great moment in those days, we read tbis as "Hic jacet
IsabeUa White." But history seems to be silent as to who was
* To these may also now be added another one, used in the Untel of one of the
outh clerestory -windows of North Winfield, which we ha"d the pleasure of discover
ing during a recent restoration.

374 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Isabella White, though her simple memorial has lasted to our days.
In the aisle of the nave there are three much more modern iucised
crosses, which should not escape the attention of the curious in
these matters ; for in most instances the cross, as a sepulchral sym
bol, fell into complete disuse after the Eeformation, and has only
recently been revived. One of these is -without da,te or inscription,
a second is to the memory of Jane Eedfearne of Duckmanton, who
died in 1648, and the thfrd is to one of the same famUy, who died
m 1654.
The tower is a weU-proportioned example of the Perpendicular
style of the fifteenth century. The parapet is embattled, and the
angles are adorned with crocketed pinnacles, all of which are
clumsUy worked modern imitations, except the one in the north
east angle. The tower contains a peal of four beUs. The first
one is apparently inscribed Resonabo in honore Dei, but the legend
is not very legible, and part of it is in Lombardic and part in
Gothic characters. The second bears God save the King, 1666, an
inscription common to nine-tenths of the beUs that were cast
shortly after the Eestoration. The third reads In Honore St.
Gabrielis, and has also a beU founder's mark, which we could not
decipher. This is, we should suppose, the oldest bell ; and the one
that was left to the church, at that time in our ecclesiastical his
tory, when the spoUing of church bells was considered a necessary-
adjunct to a reformation in religion. The tenor is inscribed with
God save the Church 1623 ; and the founder's mark (not often met
with in Derbyslifre, but wliich occurs at Hartington) consists of a
quartered shield, in the upper quarters of which are the iaitials
P. H., and in the lower ones two sprigs of fohage.
Although the present fabric of the church gives httle proof of
great age, there can be no reasonable doubt that a church existed
here at least as early as the twelfth century ; and that the advow
son was, as a rule, held by the successive possessors of the manor.
There are, however, but few references to it in history. According
to Pope Nicholas' Taxation EoU, taken in 1291, the rectory of
Sutton was worth £4 13s. 4d. per annum.
By a charter of the year 1329, WUliam de Grey de Sandiacre
suffered a fine of 60s. for license to lease his manor of Sutton-in-
the-Dale to Eobert HiUary, parson of the chm-ch of Sutton Colfield
(Warwickshfre), and to Eichard de Grey de Sandiacre, parson of'
the church of Sutton-ta-the-Dale.* *Abbrev. Eot. Orig. 17 Edw. IH., No. 58.

SUTTON-IN-THE-DALE. 375
When the Valor Ecclesiasticus was dra-wn up, 27 Henry VIIL,
Francis Leake was entered as the patron of Sutton, and Eobert
Townend as the rector. The clear value of the living, after deduct
ing archidiaconal fees, was then estimated at £7 16s. 5d.
Amongst the later references to the church of Sutton, may be
mentioned the settlement of a yearly rent issuing out of lands at
Dore, by Francis Leake (Lord Deincourt) in trust, for the repafr of
a tomb of his ancestor. A copy of this deed, dated 1639, is with
the WoUey papers, and by it he binds the trustees to " employ the
said rent upon the repafr of a tombe, erected by mee the said Lord
Deincourt, in the north side of the chmch of Sutton in Dale,
and also upon the repair of the said north aisle, built by my
ancestors." The surplus, if any, of this fund was to be kept till
it reached to £60, and then to be distributed to the poor of Sutton-
cum-Duckmanton. *
At tbe ParUamentary Survey of Livings in 1650, the Commissioners
reported of Sutton that it was worth £25 annually, and that one
" Thomas Taylor is present incumbent, who is scandalous and hath
beene found in armes against the ParUament."
There is an interesting legend in connection with the porch of
this church and "the dole of St. Nicholas." There are various
versions of this tradition, and the one we shall quote is, for the
most part, that given by John Ashbury, who lived as cook with
Lord Deiacourt (Sfr Francis Leake), at Sutton, at the time of the
Civil War. The story runs that there was once a Sir Nicholas
Leake, who went to the Holy Land as a Crusader. Before he
started, he and his lady broke a ring between" them. Havtag been
taken prisoner by the Turks, they suspected him to be of noble
extraction, and detained him in hopes of a large ransom. After
lying in prison many years (for it had been reported in England
that he was slain in battle), he felt that his end was approaching,
and prayed earnestly to the Virgin to be allowed once more to see
his -fafr domains at Sutton, vowing, that if his prayer was granted,
be would make ample provision for the poor of his parish. He fell
asleep, and upon awaking the next morning, found himself seated
within a church porch, which he immediately recognised as the
porch of his own church of Sutton. After being repeatedly sp.urned
from his own doors, on account of his ragged apparel and haggard
appearance, he at length obtained admission by sending the half
* Add. MSS. 6700, foi. 192. This tomb, not-withstanding this specific endo-wment
for its repair, has completely disappeared.

376 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
ring to his lady. She at once recognised him ; he recovered, and
Uved many years tn prosperity and happiness. In gratitude to the
Vfrgin for his mfr-aculous journey, and in fulfilment of his vow, Sfr
Nicholas Leake left by wUl eight bushels of wheat to be baked
into loaves, and given to the poor of Sutton, Duckmanton, and
Temple Normanton, on St. Nicholas' day, for ever. Francis, Lord
Deincourt, 'fm-ther increased this dole, so that in his days there
were often eighteen and twenty loads of wheat baked and dealt out
to aU applicants. The loaves weighed two-and-a-half pounds, and
were stamped with the initial N. They were considered a rarity,
and frequently sent as a present to friends. In 1832, according
to the De7-byshire Courier, Captain Clay, of HUl Houses, North Win
field, had in his possession one of these loaves, which had been
baked tn the year 1735. This legend is stUl extant in the neigh-
bom-hood, and one oral version which reached us, and which has
not hitherto found its way into print, adds that the hefr of Sir
Nicholas, a few years after his death, neglected to comply with the
provisions of his wUl. But, on the morrow of St. Nicholas' day, a
deep weU, situated between the chm-ch and the haU, overfiowed in
a marvellous manner, and did most serious damage, the waters
continuing to rise rapidly. The conscience-stricken heir imme
diately ordered the ovens to be heated and the dole baked, where
upon the waters as rapidly subsided.*
Of Francis, Lord Deincourt, it is recorded, that, " having suf
fered much for his loyalty tn the times of the unparaUeled rebeUion,
in which King Charles lost his life, he became so much mortified
after the horrid murder of his rightful sovereign, that he appareUed
himself in sackcloth, and causing his grave to be digged some
years before his death, laid himseK down in it every Friday, exer
cising himself frequently in divine meditation and prayer. He
died at Sutton, AprU 9th, 1655, aud was buried tn the church."t
The appearance of this chm-ch, half enwrapped in ivy, is de
cidedly picturesque when -viewed from certain locahties, but it is
sadly dwarfed and overshadowed by the very close proximity of
Sutton HaU, a large Grecian structure, erected about 1740, by
* The accuracy of this legend is somewhat seriously impugned by the fact that
there was no Sir Nicholas Leake who ever held the estates of Sutton, though there
may have been a knight of that name among the younger sons. This difficulty is got
over by Mr. Eichard Howitt (who has embodied the tradition in a ballad), by attri
buting the dole and the miraculous journey to Lord Deincourt, but this is a strange
confusion, as we know from contemporary evidence that the dole had been in ex
istence long before the days of Lord Deincourt. This baUad forms one of The
Ballads and Songs of Derbyshire, coUected by Mr. LleweUynn Je-witt.
t Dugdale's Baronage, vol. u., p. 450.

SUTTON-IN-THE-DALE. 377
Nicholas, Earl of Scarsdale. Several other instances occur to our
mind of the very near neighbourhood of church and haU, e.g.,
Kedleston, in this county, but we doubt if there is any other
instance in the whole of England where they so closely approxi
mate. In fact, it would be impossible for the hall to be closer
than it is on the north side, unless it were built against it, for it
is only separated by a few feet, a passage leading out of the ball
into the north aisle. As it is, the north side of the tower, and the
west end of the north aisle, are actuaUy used as supports for some
of the outbuUdings (washhouses we believe) which are built against
them; and it wUl scarcely be credited, that the tower has been utilized
to form one side of a red-brick chimney to these outhouses, which
runs up the exterior of the tower to its very summit. At the
time, too, of the building of the present hall, part of the grave
yard of tbis parish church must surely have been appropriated, as
all public access to the church is now cut off both on the north
and east sides.

378 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

^t ^ncitnt Q^ffuvcff of iSucItmanton.

SE have placed this parish under Sutton-in-the-Dale, as
it has for more than three centuries ceased to have any
church of its own ; and the vicarage of Duckmanton
was so far consolidated with the rectory of Sutton, that it lost its
distinctive title, and the living became known as the benefice of
Sutton-cum-Duckmanton. Lysons states that the manor of Duckmanton (Ducemaunestune)
was given by Wulfric Spott to Burton Abbey, by his -wUl of the
year 1002 ; but this is an error, for it was in reality bequeathed by
him to one Morcare, in connection with several other manors in
the neighbourhood.* At the time of the taking of the Domesday
Survey, this manor was the property of Ealph Fitzhubert. It
appears from Thoroton, that Geoffrey Fitz-Peter purchased the
manor of Sir Eichard de Wyverton for Welbeck Abbey ; but the
exact history of the manor at this period is rather puzzling, as
Sfr Eichard Basset also gave a portion of the manor to the same
Abbey, and both these knights held under Leonia de Eeynes, whose
son, Henry de StuteviUe, confirmed Duckmanton to that establish
ment. f In the reign of Edward II. , it appears as if the manor
was again held by the Stutevilles ;J but according to an Inquisition
of the reign of Eichard II. , John TyrsweU and others held eight
messuages, twenty-five bovates of land, and rents to the amount
of 24s. for the Abbey of Welbeck.§ In 1291 the Abbot of Welbeck
obtained a license for free warren over the manor of Duckmanton. ||
Though the Domesday Survey makes no mention of a church,
* Thorpe's Diplomatarium Anglicum .Xvi Saxonici, p. 545.
t Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. ii., p. 602 ; Thoroton's Nottinghamshire (folio edition),
p. 451.
I Inq. post Mort., 16 Bdw. II.,No. 61.
§Inq. post Mort., 20 Eic. IL, No. 122.
II Calend. Eot. Chart., 19 Edw. 1., No. 49.

DUCKMANTON. 879
there was one erected at Duckmanton in the next century, cer
tainly as early as the reign of Henry II. (1154-1189). Geoffrey
Fitz Peter, the donor of the manor, also presented the church to
the Abbey of Welbeck. The Wolley CoUections. contain copies of
three charters relative _to the granting and confirming of this
church.* The first of these relates that Geoffrey Fitz-Peter gave
and confirmed to God and the Church of St. James, of Welbeck,
and the Canons there serving God, of the Premonstratensian Order,
the Church of St. Peter ,-t of Duckmanton, with aU its appur
tenances, tn pure and perpetual alms for the souls of himself, and
his wife, and his brother. This deed is undated, but one of
the witnesses is "EanuLf de Glanville, Justice of our Lord the
King.'" He was Chief Justice in the time of Henry II. , and died
at the seige of Acre, in Palestine, in 1191. Geoffrey Fitz Peter
was himself made Chief Justice in 1198. By the second deed, Ivo
CornwaU, Archdeacon of Derby, certifies that he had instituted the
Abbot and Canons of Welbeck hi the church of St. Peter, of
Duckmanton, on the presentation of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, and
granted to them to be the parsons of the said church, as they had
proved to be thefr right before the King's Justices at the King's
Court, in Westminster. This institution- is not of later date than
1189. The third deed, which is also undated, records, that Hugh,
Bishop of Coventry, in remembrance of his sins and for the souls
of his predecessors and successors, grants and confirms to the
Abbot and Canons of Welbeck the church of Duckmanton, whose
advowson was acknowledged to belong to them, freely and quietly,
with aU its appurtenances, to be possessed in perpetual alms, so
that they might lawfully convert the fruits and aU the obventions
and possessions thereof to their own proper use, but that the Abbot
of the said Monastery should provide an honest chaplain, who was
to be presented to the said Bishop or his official, to serve the said
church; that the said Abbot should account to the said Bishop, or
his officials, for all episcopal dues ; and that the said Abbot had
firmly promised that he and his successors would celebrate the
anniversary of the said Bishop's, and his successors' death. Hugo
de Novant, a Norman, was consecrated Bishop of Coventry and
Lichfield in 1186, and died in Normandy, 1199, being buried at
Caen.J * Add. MSS., 6,667, ff. 87&-680. See also Stevens' Continuation to Dugdale, vol. ii.,
p. 146. The Chartulary of Welbeck is amongst the Harl. MSS., No. 3640.
t Later authorities, such as the Liber Regis, represent the dedication of this church
to have been St. Peter and St. Paul ; but these charters cannot weU be gainsayed.
{ Godwyn's Catalogue of Bishops, p. 256.

3S0

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

£ s.

d.

xiij

iiij

XX

V]

VUJ

xlvj

viij

xuj

mj

V

King John formally confirmed the grant of this Church, together
with that of EtwaU, to the Abbey of Welbeck, ia the first year of
L!-, r<iign.*
It i= rather singular, after aU this specific appropriation of the
rectory of Duckmanton, that the church should be entered as an
" ecclesia," and not as a vicarage, in the Taxation EoU of Pope
Xicholas, which was drawn up in the year 1291. Its annual
Talue was then e.sttmated at £5 6s. 8d.
The following is the entry relative to the -vicarage in the Valor
Efxiejsiix^i/:^^ of 27 Henry VHI. : —
DUCKMANTON "VtCAEia,.
Abbas de Welbecke Patroness ibidem.
Zj imiiiss -lacobns WUkynsou Vicarius ibidem habet communibus annis ut sequitur.
In ILiUsione et glebis
In pasc-h^ rotolo
In Oblationibus
In dedmis lane et agneUomm
Tn decimis minutis Summa
The same record, in the estimate of the possessions of Welbeck
Abbey, values the Eectory of Duckmanton at £26 16s. 2d.
At the dissolution of the monasteries, the King granted not only
the manor of Duckmanton, but the impropriate rectory and the
advowson of the vicarage to Francis Leake.
The benefice of Duckmanton was consohdated with that of
Sutton in the year 1558, and it is supposed that the cburoh was
puUed down about that time.t Nothing whatever is known of the
fabric, except that it was situated in that part of the vUlage known
as Long Duckmanton. There are interments in the church of
Sutton of residents at Duckmanton during the seventeenth century,
which seems to indicate the disuse of the churchyard as weU as the
church. But the vicarage house remained standing longer than the
church, for a Terrier of Duckmanton, dated 1612, says— "There
is in the vicarage house one board foure yards-and-a-baUe in lengths
slated and joyned on tressles, and one cubbord, both of them
erolooms.".^ ••Oalend. Eot. Chart, 1 John, memb. 2, 4.
+ Lysons' CoUections, Add. MSS., 9,424.
eqL>IfonYfo^r'"*^fixtMes^'^^' "S«"^l°°™s," in this instance, may be regarded au im

ibsgplf.

®ifi#5plff-

ilHEEE is no mention made of a church at Tibshelf in the
Domesdiiy Survey, when the manor was held under the
king by WiUiam Peverel. In the reign of Kmg John
the manor of Tibshelf formed part of the barony of Heriz, and con
tinued in that family till the latter half of the fourteenth century.*
It thence passed by marriage to Eoger Belers,t and a few years
later, through his heiress, to Eobert de Swjilinton.J The chm-ch
of Tibshelf was given to the small Priory of Brewood, in Shrop-
shfre, very soon after or immediately upon its foundation. We do
uot know -with any precision the date of the foundation of this
priory, but it was either in the reign of Eichard I. or John. Nor
do we know who was the donor of the church of Tibshelf to that
priory, but it was probably both built and presented to Brewood
by Ivo de Heriz, the younger, who was lord of the manor of Tib
shelf at the close of the twelfth century. John de Heriz, sou of
Ivo, gave to the monastery of FeUey, Nottinghamshire, several
bovates of his lands at Tibshelf, to sustain two canons who should
daUy celebrate mass in the church of FeUy, for the souls of him
self and his wUc, Sarah. § When the Taxation EoU of Pope
Nicholas IV. was dra^^•n up in 1291, the rectory (ecclesia) of Tib
shelf was valued at -£8 per annum, and an additional £1 is entered
under this parish as pertaining to the " Moniales de Brewode," so
that the Priory already possessed something more than the simple
advowson. In the year 1316 the rectorial tithes were appropriated to the
Priory, and Tibshelf converted into a -vicarage. || The prioress had
* Testa de Neville, and various Inquisitions. See also Blore's South J\''infie!d.
tluq. post Mort. 4 Eic. II. , No. 14.
X Inq. post Mort. 15 Rio. II., No. 61.
§ Stevens' Appendix to Dugdale's Monasticon, vol u., p. 183.
II Inq. ad quod damnum, 9 Edw. IL, No. 122.

384 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
to pay a fine of £10 to the king for the hcence for this appropria
tion. ¦* The foUowing is an extract from the Registrum Album, at
Lichfield, relative to the ordination of this -vicarage : —
" The ordination of the Vicarage of Tibshelf. To all the sons of
the Holy Mother Church to whom these present letters shaU come,
Walter,t by divine permission Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield —
Whereas we lately attending to the necessities of the rehgious
women the prioress and convent of white nuns of Brewode in our
diocese, and other urgent causes, have appropriated and assigned-
the parish church of Tibbeschulfe in our diocese, whereof the said
rehgious women were the true patrons, reser-ving to us and our
successor the ordination and endowment of a ¦vicarage in the said
church, the ¦vicar to be presented to us by the said religious women,
and to be by us instituted and endowed with a competent portion
of the profits of the said church. And after the said religious
women, upon a vacancy in said vicarage, havtag presented to us Sir
WtUiam de Gonalston near SouthweU — We, Walter, have ordained
and taxed in manner foUowiag, viz. : that each vicar for the time
being in the church of Tibshelf shall have all the fruits and profits
of said church, the tithes of grain and hay only excepted, and shaU
also have a moiety of the lands of the said church as weU of the
better as of the worse, to be equally divided together with the head
lands, containing meadows or pastures, as the same lye at the head
of the ridges of the said lands. Also the said vicar shaU have a
certain smaU yard of the said church situate opposite thereto, con
taining half an acre, for his mansion house. Also that he shaU
have a moiety of the hay of the said church as weU as of the head
lands as of the tythes." This document further proceeds to charge
the white nuns of Brewood to pay the -vicar forty shilhngs a year
out of their share of the fruits of the church, twenty shUlings at the
feast of St. Michael, and twenty at Easter. It is dated from
Eccleshall, on the 7th of July, 1819.
Lysons speaks of Tibshelf being appropriated to Brewood, in Staf
fordshfre, and the error is excusable, for the parish of Brewood
extends into the two counties of Staffordshire and Shropshire. More
over, there was a Priory in each half of the parish, the former
county possessing a smaU Benedictine Nunnery that went under the
style of " The Black Ladies of Brewood," and the latter a Cister-
* Abbrev. Eot. Orig. 9 Edw. n.. No. 20.
t This was Walter de Langton, who held the bishopric from 1296 to 1322. His
effigy, in Purbeck marble, is stUl in the cathredral of Lichfield.

s.

d.

xnj

i"J

XXV]

-vu]

XllJ

"ij

XXll]

Ul]

VUJ

X]

11

TIBSHELF. 385
cian Nunnery, the site of whiph is stUl known by the name of White
Ladies. - The Cistercian Nunnery, dedicated to St. Leonard, was
also only a smaU establishment, being valued at the dissolution at
tbe clear annual value of £17 10s. 8d., and then contaiaed six nuns.
According to the Va'or Ecclesiasticus, 27 Henry VIIL, Margaret,
the last prioress of the White Ladies of Brewood, returned the annual
value of Tibshelf Eectory at £5 6s. 8d., but they had to pay a pen
sion of 20s. to the cathedi-al chm-ch of Lichfield, for permission to
hold this rectory. The same return gives the following detaUs of
the vicarage : — TTB SHELF "VICAEIA.
Dominus Thomas Sherebroke vicarius ibidem habet in communibus annis ut sequitur.
In Mansione et gleba
In paschali rotulo
In decimis feni
In decimis lane et agneUorum
In oblationibus
In decimis minutis et aUis proficus Summa
Unde resoluta est annuatim archidiacono Derbie pro scenagio
et proem-agio De claro
Decima inde
The rectorial tithes were purchased of the king in the next reign
by Thomas Wrenne and Edward Slegge, but were subsequently con
veyed to Sir Francis Leake, who was also patron of the -vicarage ;
eventuaUy they came tato the hands of St. Thomas' Hospital.*
Wben the Parhamentary Survey was taken in 1650, the Commis
sioners reported " Wee think BlackweU and TibsheUe cum membris
are fitt to be united, and the cure to be supported, alternis visibus,
by one able and honest minister. One Francis Talleme, wicked and
scandalous." In 1693 the chancel of this church was presented to be out. of
repafr, and Mr. Gladwin was ordered to repafr it. f
We are often at a loss to conceive how the erroneous conceptions
as to the patron saints of particular churches first find credence.
There is, now and then, a certain real difficulty about thefr dedi
cation, arising from re-dedication and other causes, but these are
* Pegge's Collections, vol. iv. Sir Francis Leake held a large amount of ecclesias
tical property and patronage in this district. At his death he was seized of the
rectory of HucknaU and the advowson of its vicarage, of the rectory of AUreton and
tbe advowson of its vicarage, of the rectory of ScarcUffe and its donative, of the rec
tory of Duckmanton and donative of its vicarage, of the rectory of Tibshelf and
advowson of its vicarage, and of the advowsons of Sutton and' Pleasley. Add.
MSS. 6667, f. 224. Inq. post Mort. 3 Car. I.
t Pegge's Collections, vol. v., p. 173. 2o

Uij

XV X

X
vij

iiij

V
-vUj

iij vj

386 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
rare exceptions. It is, then, very strange to find modern Dfrec-
tories so constantly at fault in the special tutelage to whieh they
assign the different churches ; they are absolutely, as far as our
experience goes, more often wrong than right. Tibshelf is assigned
to $t. Peter ; it is, however, in reality dedicated to St. John the
Baptist. The church consists of chancel, nave, north aisle, north porch, and
embattled tower at the west end. With the exception of the tower,
and part of the chancel, this is a comparatively modern buUding.
The windows of the nave and north aisle are in the round-headed
assize-court style, pointing unmistakably to the last eentm-y. On
entering the church by the south door, we see, on the wall before
us, a stone bearing the foUowing inscription : — " The Church rebuUt
1729. WiUiam Heald, Vicar. WUUam Parsons, Churchwarden."
A monumental slab, against the east wall of the chancel, teUs us
that WiUiam Heald, the Vicar, died on the 4th of November, 1735,
aged 60. The general appearance of the interior is, as might be
supposed, very poor and unsightly. The three arches, dividing the
jiorth aisle from the nave, are of a most astonishing design, and
the fine archway into the tower is not only blocked up by a heavy
and far-protruding western gallery, but ths top of it is also cut off,
as the architect seemed to be unable to give the roof sufficient eleva
tion to include it. Tbe archway into the chancel, as weU as its
roof, are also of the same date, together with a vestry on the north
side ; but the east window is a square-headed example of late Per
pendicular, having three lights with cinquefoU heads. There are
also two windows of the same style and date on the south side of
the chancel.
There are hardly any details of interest or antiquity tn tbe in
terior of the church. About the only one worthy of note is the fol
lowing inscription, written in a text hand, on a square brass let
into the centre of a flagstone within the Communion rails : —
" Conditum hic jacet
Eesurrectionum
Quicquid caducum est
Johannis Twentiman
Eeverendi Ecclesie
Anglioanee Presbyteri
Qui obUt V II Feb
Anno / Salutis M D C L XXX III
Christo I iEtatis L V II
Sub Christo miles per Christum Victor."
Under the western gaUery is a handsome modern font of marble,
tn the Italian style, a memorial to a lady of the neighbourhood.

TIBSHELF. 387
We inqufred after its predecessor, but, from what we could gather,
it was of the basin order, and had no claims to antiquity. Looking
round at the unsightly pews, which are, we suppose, those inserted
in 1729, it occurred to us that possibly they might conceal other
memorials, or that certain monuments might have been destroyed
at the time of the re-buUding. But it does not seem likely, after
aU, that such was the case, for we have faUed to find any mention
of Tibshelf tn the various Heralds' Visitations, and Bassano, who
¦visited the church about the year 1710 (consequently when it
was in its old condition), finds nothing ftirther to note than the brass
to the Eev. John Twentiman, which we have afready copied, and of
which, by-the-bye, Bassano gives an erroneous reading.
The tower, is a fafr specimen of the Perpendicular work of the
fifteenth century, and closely resembles in its general fea;tures the
tower of South Normanton church, and others in this neighbour
hood. There is a pointed window of three principal hghts, with
a smaU west door beneath it, and the beU-chamber has four windows
of a simUar shape and pattern. The battlements are ornamented
"Viith four pyramidal pinnacles at the angles, and four smaUer ones
in the intervening spaces; but these were evidently "restored" to
thefr present condition in 1729. The tower contatas a peal of five
beUs, only one of which has any claim to antiquity. Numbers one,
three, and five, aU bear the inscription — " C. J. G. Mears, Founders,
London, 1848 ; " number two, " John Taylor and Co., Founders,
Loughborough, 1868; " whUst the fourth has the stamp of a cross
pate, foUowed by "Ihc. Maria," the letters of the last word being
divided by long intervening spaces. UntU 1868, the belfr-y only
boasted of three beUs, when two more were supphed by Messrs.
Taylor, of Loughborough, and it seems, from the inscriptions, as
if one of these must have been the beU -with the ancient legend.
The door into the porch on the south side of the church is
boarded up, the chief entrance betag now on the north. Entrance
can, however, be gained to the porch from the interior, when the
reason for the boarding up becomes apparent. The porch with its
stone benches, intended as a resting-place and shelter for those
attending the services of the chmch from a distance, is utilised as
a coal-hole ; fuUy a ton, we should say, of great blocks of coal being
pUed up under its roof, intermixed with a few uprooted tombstones
from the churchyard !
It only remains to note, that over the southern entrance is a mm-al
sun-dial, bearing the date of 1818.

l^fil^toplL

jSt^ppHpg.

A EL' OT V PE,

8 J-EDW-^RDS & C

o</r//M/ //

MfimfU.

ilHE earUest historical mention of WhitweU is to be found in
the wUl of Wulfric Spott, who, in the time of Ethefred,
largely endowed the monastery of Burton with lands
in Derbyshfre. The manor, however, of WhitweU, together -sirith
several of the adjacent parishes, was bestowed upon Morcare, and
not, as Lysons states, upon the Abbey of Burton. At the time of
the Domesday Survey, Barlborough and Whitwell were held in con
junction by one Eobert, under Ealph Fitzherbert. A priest and a
church are enumerated, but to which of the two manors to assign
them we are left in doubt, though, we believe, the preference lies
with Barlborough, which was then the more important place of the
conjoint manor.*
The history of this manor is somewhat involved. At an early
period it was di-vided into two parts, if not three, and one of these
was Subsequently re-di-vided. It is probable that the advowson of
the church was subdivided in the same proportions as the manor,
which we have seen to be the case with the church of the adjacent
parish of Staveley. There were also two parks at Whitwell.
Ealph de Eye, who was lord of one part of the manor, replied
to a Quo Warranto in Edward III.'s reign, that he and his ancestors
had held a park here from time immemorial ; his descendant of
the same name died seized of the manor and two parts of the
advowson of the church in 1430 ; and the monument of a third of
this name, who died in 1482, describes him as lord, of the "-ville''
and patron of the church.f According to Lysons, Edward Eye sold
bis estates bere, in the year 1563, to Eichard WhaUey, whose grand
son conveyed it, in 1592, to Sir John Manners, ancestor of the Duke
of Eutland. * See theacoount of the church at Barlborough.
t Quo Warranto Roll, 4 Bdw. III. Inq. post Mort., 8 Henry VII , No. 19.

392 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Eobert de MeyneU, who was lord of another part of WhitweU, was
an early benefactor to Welbeck Abbey. It is supposed that Eobert,
of the Domesday Survey, was one of his immediate ancestors. The
hefress of MeyniU brought his manor or estate at Whitwell in moieties
to the Gonshills and Longfords, to whom reference has already been
made when writing of Barlborough and Eckington. The Longfords
retained their share tUl the reign of Henry VIIL,, when it passed,
together with Gonshills' moiety, to the Pipes, and was sold by
Humphrey Pipe, in 1593, to Sfr John Manners.*' The GoushiUs
held the second park at WhitweU in 1330.
Another portion of the land of Whitwell was held for many
generations by the Musards and FrechevUles. Ealph Musard held a
large share of WhitweU in the reign of Henry IV. In the chartulary
of Welbeck Abbey is a deed of this reign, by which Ealph Musard
leaves certain lands at Staveley for providing an altar-hght, and
one of the witnesses to the deed is Hascuil Musard, parson of
WhitweU. t We are inclined to think that the advowson of WhitweU
for that turn had rested with the Musards ; that it was divided be
tween the Musards, Eyes, and Meynells ; that the FrechevUles
(Musards) parting with their share, made Eanulph de Eye (1430) the
holder of two parts of the advowson ; and that the remaining third
was also absorbed by the Eyes in the next generation.
At the Inquisition taken on the death of Anker de Precbe-vUle, tn
1268, be was seized of four bovates of demesne 'and ten of viUenage
in Staveley- Woodthorpe and Whitwell " de hbero maritagio amica3
(Musard) uxoris sues." The FrecheviUes held these lands in
WhitweU, as weU as the manor of Stretley, tUl the sixteenth century.
Peter Freohe^vUle by his wUl (1579), left his manors of Whitwell
and Stretley to his yoimger son, John ; thence they passed to the
Wentworths.:]: In the year 1291 (Pope Nicholas' Taxation Eoll), WhitweU with its
chapel (Steetley) is valued at £20 per annum.
The VaUrr Ecclesiasticus, 27 Henry VIIL, gives the following de
tails of the Eectory : — WHITWELL EECTOEIA.
Eanulphus Eye Patronus.
Dominus Brianna Sandeford rector ibidem habet in communibus annis ut sequitur.
£ s. d.
In primis in Mansione cum gleba . Uij iUj
Item iu decimis garbarum et feni x
¦»Inq. post Mort., 12 Edw. I., No. 14; 16 Edw. IL, No. 61; 3 Henry IV., No. 52
etc., etc.
+ Chartulary of Welbeck, Harl. MSS. 3640.
X Inq. post Mort.; 49 Henry III., No. 10 ; 8 Henry ^VI , No. 32 ; Nichol's Col
lectanea, vol. iv., pp. 14, 209.

WHITWELL. 393

£

s.

d.

Ij

vij

xvj
viij
XX
Iiij
Uij
XX
umma
XX
xiiij
^i
) scenagio et
-
xj
vij
De claro
XX
iij
iiij
Decima inde
xl
Uij
In decimis lane et agneUorum
In decimis minutis
In oblationibus
In paschali rotulo
In duobus tenementis et duobus cotagUs-
Unde resoluta est annuatim Archidiacono Derbie pro scenagio et
procuragio
The Parliamentary Commissioners estimated the value of the
living of WhitweU at £100 per annum. They further report Mr.
John Eowlandson, senior, the incumbent, "as an honourable
preacher."* In 1658, Mr. John Eowlandson removed to another li-ving, and
tbe original presentation then made is preserved amongst the manu
scripts at Lambeth Palace :^-",To the Honourable the Commissioners
for the appointment of Publique Preachers, sitting at White Hall,
John, Earl of Eutland, Lord Eoos of Hamlacke, Fresbout, and
Belvofr, the true and undoubted Patron of the Eectory of" Whitwell
in the county of Derby, sendeth greeting — Know ye that I, the
sayd Earl of Eutland, by virtue of these presents doe prefer Joseph
Swetnam, Minister of the Gospel, to the sayd Eectory and
pari'sh church of Whitwell now voyd by Cession, John Eowlandson
ye elder, late Eector there, being removed to a better benefice, and
so in my disposeaU, Desyreing that the sayd Joseph Swetnam may
be admitted and invested in the fuU possessions of the Eectory
aforesayd, together with the rights, profits, emoluments, perquisites,
and appurtenances whatsoever thereto belonging — ^-In testimony
whereof I have hereto sett my hand and seale tbe 22 day March,
1658. Eutland. "t
The church, which is dedicated to St. Lawrence, is a fine cruci
form building, consisting of nave, chancel, and north and south
transepts. There are also side aisles to the nave, a southern porch,
and a tower at the west end. The stone of which the church is
buUt seems well fitted for its pm-pose, much of the Norman work
stiU retatatag the origtaal boldness of outline. WhitweU quarries
appear to have had a certain local fame ; for we learn from the
Chartulary of Welbeck Abbey, that Eobert de MeyneU gave to that
estabUshment a quarry in his land at Whitvvell, wherever it could
* ParUamentary Survey of Livings, vol. vi., p. 476.
t Lambeth MSS., 946, No. 5.
394 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
be found most convenient, to buUd the church of St. Janies, and
other offices, and free ingress and egress for those that carried
necessaries for the buUding. His successor, also, Walter de GoushiU
granted a right of quarry through the whole moor between Whitwell
and Belph, and otherwhere tn the common pastures of Whitwell,
wherever it could be found, and free leave to discover, dig, work, and
carry as the charter of Eobert de MeyneU had mentioned.*
That a church of considerable size existed here in the Norman
period, is very evident from the appearance of both the exterior and
interior. A Norman corbel table, chiefly consisting of quaintly
carved heads, runs round tbe outer waUs of the nave both on the
south and north sides ; and it is also continued on the north side
of the chancel wall, about four feet below its present height. The
tower at the west end, with the exception of the upper story — a
much later addition — belongs to the same style. The original
height of the tower is clearly defined, especiaUy on the north side.
Tbe semi-cfrcular western doorway of the tower, ornamented with
the chevron pattern, and the small wiadow above it, together with the
west end window of the south aisle, give further evidence of the
Norman period.
On entering the church by the south porch, the upper part of
the old Norman font hes right before us, although a modem one is
now in use. It is a massive cfrcular stone, quite free from ornament,
but stUl lined with lead. It is sixteen inches high, tbfrty in
diameter, and ten in the depth of the bowl. The lofty nave is
separated from its aisles on each side by four semi-circular arches,
supported by three rounded pUlars with plain capitals. There are
also above these arches three Norman clerestory -windows on the
north, and four on the south side. The last specimen of this style
of architecture to be noticed, is the archway into the chancel. This
is a reaUy fine-sized arch, with bold mouldings, from which the
super-incumbent plaster and whitewash have recently been scraped.
From these various indications it seems, then, that the church
at WhitweU in the Norman period was of much the same size, and
in many parts identical with the present structure, with the excep
tion of the transepts. 0-sving to its capacity and strength, it
appears to have escaped interference during the period when the
Early Enghsh style was in vogue, but it underwent considerable
alterations and additions under the style known as the Decorated.
.^fl^a,^'^'^^^>,Sl^^^^^''\ ..H'^rf- MSS., 3,640. Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. U., p. 599;
and Stevens' Addiiaon, vol ii., p. 146. < 1 1 '

-WlinWELL. 'oOo
To this style (about the middle of the fourteenth century") belong
the tnms.'pts, as may be proved from tho tracery of thefr- windows ;
also tho south porch, aud chancol, whieh wore theu outirely rooou-
striioteil. Tho two sonth wiadows of tho ehanool are good specimous
of the style, throo quatrefoils being grouped in the head ; so also
is the large east window of four lights. Tho opposite wall is uu-
pierood with windows, aud, judging fr-om the corbel-tablo on tho
exterior, must in a great moasuro be the same that served in the
Mormau chancel : but a door- way on this side opens into a vostry
lighted by an offootive Decorated -vrindow of smaU dimensions.
Fn^m the strhig-ooiirses ou the oxtorior, it is clear that this vestry,
car sacristy, formed par: of the design of the chancel when robuUt.
It is of the same date as the smaller one at Kfrk-Ireton in this
county, and has probably given employmout to the same architect.
In the south -null of the chancel are two sodiUa, of a beautifuUy
ornate dosoriptiou. The tabemaele-work above the seats is carried
to a cousidorable height and is most effective. The seats are on a
different level, the eastern seat being a step tho higher. Beyond
them is a smaU simple piscina in an ogee -shaped, arch, of the same
period. Various alterations wore made thi-oughout the chorch dnring the
Perpendicular period. To that date may be attributed most of the
-srindo-ws of the sido aisles of the nave, and the top story of the
towor with the bell-chamber •wiadovrs. The towor is surmoimted
with fom" crocketed pinnacles <rf a debased modem style, the
chancel and tho porch snfioring in a sinular way at the hke date.
The church also appears to have been re-roofed throughout, at a
subsequent date to tho Decorated period. The Perpendicidar roof
of the chancel, though handsome enough hi itself, has been allowed
by somo strange por\orsion of taste, to eut off the upper portiom
of the fine east window. The cco-bels cf this roof terminate on
each side in two augols holding shields, a third one being now
missing. It is difficult fr-om the lioor of the chancel to make out
tho arms -with whieh those shields are ohargod, but those on the
north sido appear to bear the arms of Kye — yu., on a beud. erm.,
throe ears of rye, sa.
Ou the door of tho chancel, on the south sido, is a stone roughly
incised with the figinro of a man. The %ure, imfoitimately. is
half hidden bv the stops whieh lead np to the east end. From tho
portian visible, it appears to represent a civiUan, bsireheadod, hands
folded, and wearing a close iitthig dress gathorod in plaits from

396 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
below the waist. On the opposite side near the vestry door, is a
large gravestone of magnesian hmestone. The inscription -svhich
runs round the margin is inlaid with pitch, which from constant
wear has in some places run into the stone itself, and formed, as it
were, one body, whUst ta others it is altogether wanting. It is there
fore by no means an easy task to decipher it, but the foUowing
is an accurate copy, with the abbre-viations omitted — " Hic jacet
Eadulphus Eye, quondam dominus hujus VUle, patronus ecclesias
ejusdem, necnon  vasti de WhytweU et Barleburgh, qui obut
anno domini mUlessimo quadrtngenteshno octogesimo duo (1482),
cujus anime propitietur Deus. Amen." In the centre of this grave
stone, without a date, is a brass plate bearing some rhyming
verses in honour of a female. Bateman* says that this stone bore
a shield of armorial bearings, "Quarterly; 1st and 1th, Vernon;
2, Avenal ; 3, Durvasal ; 2, CamvUle ; 3, Stockpole ; 4, Pembrugge ;
5, Vernon ; 6, Pipe ; 7, Culpepper ; 8, Bryan ; 9, Eye." Bateman
also gives the inscription in fuU. His version, though shghtly
erroneous, supphes the three words that we have missed — " CapitaUs
dominus domini"
Agaiast the north waU of the chancel is a stone slab, carved in
a similar way to the sediha on the opposite side. This, however,
can only have been a much later imitation, provided that it was
originally constructed to receive* the brass which is now affixed to
its surface. This brass, about a foot square, has the foUowing
quaint inscription cut in modern characters : —
"A.D. 1623, June 14.
Tobie Waterhous aged foure yeares and sive moneths, full of grace
and truthe, as a vessel not as ye fountaine, departed this hfe ye
youngest sone of Tobie Waterhous, Doctor tn Divinitie, the youngest
Sonne of Gregorie Waterhous Esq, the youngest sonne of Eobert
Waterhous, of ye Moote Hall in HaUifaxe in Yorkshire Esq, and of
EUzabeth Copley, daughter of Edward Copley of SouthUl in Bedford-
shfre, Esqufre. Both life and grace in the sweet babe in paraleUs ran on.
When sudden death did seeme to make their points to meet in one,
But then on the did life and grace thy paraleUs attend.
Whose equall length keeps equaU bredth now never meet nor end."
Above the inscription are affixed the arms of Waterhous impaling
Copley. The greater part of the west waU of the north transept is taken
up by a very large monument to the memory of Sfr Eoger Manners,
• "Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire (1848), p. 236.

WHITWELL. 397
knight. It is of that debased style, so utterly incongruous with
Christian architecture, that originated in the days of Elizabeth, and
prevaUed throughout the Stuart dynasty. It is principally formed
of alabaster and must have been most costly. In the centre is the
rechning figure of the knight, much mutUated, especially about the
• feet. Over it is written : — " In memory of the right noble, learned
and rehgious knight, Eoger Manners of WhitweU tn the county of
Derby, who died 17 July 1632." Below the figure are the foUow-
Unes — " A li-ving acadenrie was this knight.
Divinity, thearts, the tongs, what might
In learned Schooles exactly be profest,
Tooke up theire lodgings iu his noble breet.
TiU death, like church dispoilers, did pull down.
Manners true fabricjue and the arts reno-wne."
At -the north end of the same transept is an ogee-shaped sepul
chral recess, with good open tracery in the archway. The recess,
¦which is two feet three inches deep, is boarded over ; but we were
told that it had been examined, and no coffin or remains discovered.
The hood-mould of the arch rests, on one side, on a female head
wearing a square-cut head-dress with falling lappets ; and, on the
other side, on a man's head, bearded, and the hafr in a triple row
of curls. This recess was probably intended, whether it was ever
used or not, for the last resting-place of the founder of these tran
septs. In the east -windows of this transept, as weU as in the
east window of the chancel, are a number of disconnected frag
ments of old glass, from which little can be gathered, except
that many of them have originaUy been used tn heraldic display.
In the south-east angle, are the pointed doorway and three steps
that formerly led to the rood-loft.
The south transept contains no monumental remains, but behind
one of the pews against the south waU is a smaU piscina, identical
in size and shape with the one afready mentioned tn the chancel. .
It is somewhat mutUated, having been barbarously levelled with the
wall to make room for a pew-back. From the east wall project at
intervals three, plain brackets for saints. Among the carved bosses
of the roof of this transept may be noticed one bearing a bend,
between six escaUops (FrechevUle).
The visit made by Bassano to this church, in 1710, does not give
us much information, but he noticed the boss with the Frecheville
arms, which he describes as being "in the roof of St. Lawrence's
quire." He also records in the north window of the north aisle
"Verrie, az., and 2 lyons passant gardant, or." The first of these

398 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
coats was for MeyneU, and the second for Pipe. The connection
of these two families, as well as that of FrecheviUe, -svith WhitweU,
has been already explained.
In the chm-chyard, at the south-east angle of the chancel, he
describes " even with ye grass roots an old stone effigy of priest in
canonical vestments, head shaved." This effigy was hero just a
century later, when Lysons' Church Notes * were compUed ; but
it was so much deteriorated by the weather, as to be styled ' ' the
mutUated effigy of a lady in stone." The latter MSS. also describe
an ancient Norman tympanum, over the chancel door, three feet
sis inches by ten inches, and inscribed with " Norman circles,"
and a dragon with a foliated tail.
Tbe tower possesses but three beUs : one has no inscription
whatever ; a second " Wil. Eowbotham, B. Starkey, Churchwardens."
and the third, " Gloria in Excelsis," round the haunch in Loni-
bii.rdic capitals. *Add. MSS. 9463.

\^

.\:

STEETLF.V. ;399

rfft ei^apclrg of Strctlcg.

fT appears that Steetley,* which bas now for some time been
considered as a chapel of WhitweU, was also thus esteemed
for some time after its first foundation. For the Taxation
EoU of 1291 does not make any separate mention of Steetley, but
simply speaks of "WhitweU cum capeUa." But for a long period
in the next century, and for some time subsequent, Steetley was re
garded as a separate parish, and the benefice as a distinct rectory.
A deed of the latter part of the reign of Edward III. is extant,
relative to the manor of Alvaston, in which mention is made of
"Eobertus de Smeton, rector ecclesiEe de Steteley," t and Lysons
states that presentations were made to the rectory in the years
1848, 1355, and 1370, by the Vavasors and FrechevUles who held
the manor. An Inquisition, taken at Chesterfield in 1391, on the
death of Anker Freche-vUle, shows that he held one messuage and a
bovate of land at Steetley, together -with the advowson of the church
of the same place. J This property was held by him under the
Vavasours, and was left to his younger son Gervase. It remained
in tbe Frecheville family tUl the reign of Elizabeth, when it was
conveyed to the Wentworths.§ Both the Valor Ecclesiasticus of
Henry VIIL, and the Parhamentary Survey of 1650, are sUent as
to the church of Steetley.
The ancient church, now long since desecrated, is usually spoken
of as a Saxon edifice. The earliest date, however, to which it can
* There are six plates and a ground plan of Steetley Church in Lysons' Derby
shire ; a plate and description in the xxxth ¦Volume of the Archseological Association ;
tliree plates and descriptions in i "Worksop, the Dukery, and Sherwood Forest. Mr.
White, of Worksop, also published, in 1860, a work on this church, fuUy iUustrated by
photographs. t Nichol's Collectanea, vol. iv. p. 199.
X Inq. post Mort. 14, Eic, IL, No. 14.
§ Lysons is in error in suggesting 1571, as the date of this conveyance, for the will
of Peter Freche-viUe, leaving the manor of Steetley to his younger son John, is datpd
17th August, 1679.

400 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
be assigned is that of the first half of the twelfth century, pro
bably during the reign of Stephen (1135-1154-). The Chartulary of
Welbeck* proves that Steetley was held, shortly after the Domesday
Survey, by Gley de Briton. Gley had four sons, one of whom was
a witness to the foundation charter of Welbeck, in 1154. None of
the sons left issue, and thefr sister Matilda brought the property to
Eobert le Vavasor. It seems, then, probable that the church was
buUt by either Gley de Briton or one of his sons.
The buUding is quite a gem of early architectural art, indeed it is
one of the most complete and beautiful specimens of Norman work
on a small scale that can be met with anywhere in this country or
tn Normandy .t
The church consists of a nave and chancel, each of them being
twenty-six feet in length. The nave is fifteen feet broad, and the
chancel somewhat narrower. The south doorway is richly orna
mented. It consists of three receding semicircular arches, the outer
one of which has the che-vron, the second the beak-head, and the
third a plain moulding. The shafts supporting the outer arch are
ricUly carved with medaUions, which are much worn, but are sup
posed to represent the twelve signs of the Zodiac. The smaller
doorway on the north side is blocked wp. The remainder of the
exterior of the nave, and of the chancel as far as the commence
ment of the apse, is -of a plain description. There is a very small
round-headed light in the south wall of the nave, and two at the
west end, one above the other. In the south waU of the chancel is
to be found the only alteration which this buUding has undergone
during subsequent styles. It is a pointed Decorated window, inserted
in the place of two. smaller Norman Ughts. The east end of the
chancel terminates in an apse,J and we here find very effective work
on the exterior. The apse is supported by five round-edged pilaster
* Harl. MSS., 3640.
t In many of its features there is considerable resemblance between the Church of
Steetley, and those of Kilpeck in Herefordshire, and Bast Hard, in Essex ; but there
is really a striking resemblance between Steetley aud the twelfth century chapel of
St. JuUan, at Petit QuevUly, near Kouen. The chapel of St. Julian is of the greatest
interest ; both the apse and the chancel stiU retain the original groined roof of stone,
and much of the ancient colouring, happUy effected "with two shades of blue, choco -
late, aud buff, has been recently exposed during a judicious and simple restoration.
If the restoration of Steetley is seriously contemplated, careful notes should be made
of the chapel at Petit QueviUy. St. JuUan is far richer in arcade- work in the interior,
but it lacks the special characteristic beauty of Steetley — the external stringcourse,
pilasters, and cornice of the apse.
X The apse, which is the usual termination to the east end of churches in Germany,
and not unfrequently met with in France, is but of rare occurrence in England, aud
then almost invariably among those which have retained in entirety the original
Norman construction. This is the only instance of its occurrence in Derbyshire or
the adjacent counties, though there is no doubt that the original terminations both to
the chancel and side aisles of the fine old Norman church of Melbourne were semi
circular in shape.

H Eli ot vpe

J £.Dvv*i^-ns i cv

Q

Z^C^nx^yO \ Q^:^

iV.

STEETLEY. 101
buttresses, connected by a broad stringcourse, or belt, delicately
carved with interlacing foliage. Above this unique belt, which
encfrcles the middle of the apse, are three smaU round-headed win
dows of exceUent design.
On entering the church we are struck with the beauty of the
chancel arch. It is ornamented with a ^triple series of mouldings,
the first being an escalloped border over reticulated cones, the second
the embattled, and the thfrd the chevron moulding. The capitals on
the north side are curiously carved with a representation of St.
~ George and the Dragon, and a double-bodied hon. St. George is
represented in armour and a conical helmet, with a kite-shaped
shield on his left arm ; the dragon's tail is continued to a great
length, and finally terminates in branching foliage.
The arch into the apse is simply surrounded by the bUlet mould
ing, but the capitals of the shafts are handsomely carved -with foliage.
The apse is vaulted with stone, and is supported by four weU-
moulded ribs or groins ornamented with the beak-head design. At
the junction of these ribs, in the centre of the roof, is an oval
medallion carved with an Agniis Dei. The capitals of the four
engaged shafts, from which the ribs spring, are aU beautifully
designed, the most striking one representing the temptation of
Adam and Eve. There are some slight remains of colour in
the roof of the' apse. Both nave and chancel are now destitute
of roofs ; the former, has had no covering for about a century
and a hah, but the chancel is represented as tiled, with a gable
roof in one of Lysons' plates, published tn 1817.
The Eev. J. Stacye mentioned, at the visit of the British
Archseological Association to this chapel in 1873, that "this
apse was ta a very ruinous state, but was carefuUy rebuilt by
the Earl of Surrey, afterwards Duke of Norfolk, the then owner,
about forty years ago. The waUs were found to have had a
coating of very fine plaster. In the surrounding yard several
skeletons were also then found. "* The Association suggested the
covering in of the remainder of the chapel, to preserve it from
further decay, and we learn that this step is already in contempla
tion. But such an undertaking will require the greatest caution, and
should ouly be undertaken by a thoroughly competent and pains
taking architect, or otherwise we shall run the risk of having
this exquisite gem "restored" into mere conventional smug
ness. Better far that its area should still continue to serve as a
* Journal of the Archceological Association, vol. xxx. p. 114.
2d

402 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
poultry-yard (with aU its concomitant nuisances), as was the case
at the time of our visit, than that this should occur.
The diary of Abraham de la Pryme, published in 1870, con
tains the following entry, under date, February 12th, 1698 : —
" Ih a green meadow close in Stickley, near or in Shfre
Oaks, in or near Worsop, stands a staitly weU-built chapel, aU
arched roofed, exceUently enambled and gUt; the lead that
covered the same is aU stolen away, so that the weather begins
to pierce through its fine roof, to its utter decaying." *
On September 2nd, 1742, Steetley was -visited by Bishop
Littleton. He remarks — "there was ancient chapel, now con
verted into a barn, which has the appearance of very great an
tiquity. 'Tis smaU and dark, having a few windows, and those
in the upper part of the buUding just under the roof. The
chancel is a kind of alcove. The roof is supported by straight
pUlars with springing arches fr-om each of them that meet in
the centre. The whole is an uncommon structure. "t
We have failed to learn the precise time when this most admfrable
specimen of Norman architecture was first suffered to go to decay, but
our inquiries elicited the following interesting reply from Mrs. Adin of
Chesterfield, relative to its condition of late years — " My father's
famUy on the maternal side, held for some years the farm upon which
the Chapel of Steetley stands, under the Duke of Norfolk. The
chancel was used by them as a shelter, and the yard as a fold for
sheep. That would be about a century ago. Some time prior to that,
upon the land in the Chapel yard being ploughed up, a jar was dis
covered containing coins ; upon its being opened a paper or parch
ment was found, with the words, ' Eather the devil than Oliver,'
written upon it. I cannot give a correct date of the circumstance,
but it has been handed down to the present generation by tradition. "J
¦* Surtees Society, vol. Uv., p. 174.
t Hunter's CoUections, Add. MSS., 24,447, f. 100.
IDerbyshire Times, November 9th, 1872, Local Notes and Queries.

Wfii^Hngfon.

M^iffingl^on.

HE old chm-ch of St. Bartholomew* at Whittington was
puUed down in the year 1863, and tlie present one erected
within a few yards of the original site. From a south view
of this buUding, taken in 1789, by Mr. Jacob Solinebbehe,+ as well
as from later engravings, we find that it was but of small dimensions,
consisting of nave, chancel, south porch, and a low spfre at the west
end. The ¦windows at the east and west ends, as weU as those on
each side of the porch, are represented as fiUed -with tracery of the
Perpendicular period ; but the window by the priest's door into the
chancel appears to be early in the Decorated period : whUst there is
a smaU Early EngUsh lancet in the south waU of the nave. If the
carefuUy-finished steel engraving in Ford's History of Chesteifield,
1839, is accm-ate, it would seem as if the walls had been originaUy
erected in the last-mentioned of these periods, and that the other
¦windows are later insertions. The old font, however, is preserved in
the new church, and from it we may gather that there was a church
here before the Norman style had departed. It is cfrcular at the top,
but tapers into an octagon shape. The diameter is two feet, and the
stone of which the font itself is composed, is nineteen inches high.
Together with the base, its total height is about three feet. It is orna
mented round the upper margin with an escalloped moulding.
Whittington, in the Domesday Survey, is described as one of the
hamlets of Newbold. According to Lysons, the paramount manor,
which had been in the Peverels, was granted by King John to William
Briwere, from whose family it passed to the Wakes. The Boythorps,
and after them, successively, the Bretons, Loudhams, and Foljambes,
appear to have held under the fanuhes before mentioned as mesne
* Pegge says that it is dedicated conjointly to St. Mary and St. Bartholomew, but
uot so the Liber Regis.
^Gentleman's Magazine, 1809, p. 1201.

-106 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
lords ; but the immediate possession was, fr-om an early period, in the
famUy of Whittington, whose hefress married Dethick. According to
the Inquisitions post Mortem, Eoger Breton was seized of the manor
in the reign of Edward V., Eobert le Breton in the reign of Edward
IIL, and Sir John Loudham in the reign of Eichard II. Joan,
Countess of Kent, held the manor in the tune of Henry VI., and
Thomas Foljambe died seized of a moiety of the manor later on in the
same reign. He had transferred the other moiety to his son Henry
in his life-time. Thomas Babington was also seized of it tn the reign
of Edward IV., in the right of his wife Isabel, an hefress of Dethick.
Geoffrey Dethick was seized of the manor as early as the year 1320.
A co-heiress of Dethick brought it, about the year 1488, to the Poles,
who held under Foljambe. George Pole had two daughters, co-heir
esses, who, towards the latter part of the seventeenth century, brought
this manor in moieties to Frith and Chaworth.*
Dr. Pegge, the celebrated antiquary, who died hi 1796, was for
forty-five years rector of Whittiagton, and an interesting account of
this church was written by him three years before his death. This
account, which we now reproduce, is to be found in the introduction
to a posthumous work of his son :f "The church is now a httle rectory
in the gift of the Dean of Liacoln. At first, it was a chapel of ease
to Chesterfield, a very large manor and parish, of which I wiU give
the foUo-wing short but convincing proof The Dean of Lincoln, as
I said, is patron of this rectory, aud yet Wilham Eufus gave no other
church in this part of Derbyshire to the church of St. Mary at Lin
coln but the church of Chesterfield ; and, moreover, Whittington is at
this day a parcel of the great and extensive manor of Chesterfield ;
whence it follows that Whittington must have been once a part both
of the rectory and manor of Chesterfield. Fig. 1 (referring to an
accompanying plate) is an inscription on tbe Ting-tang or Saints BeU,
dra-wn by Mr. Schnebbelie 27th July, 1789, fr-om an impression taken
in clay. Tbis beU, seen in the annexed view, hangs -witbin a stone
frame or tabernacle, at the top of the church, on the outside, between
the nave and the chancel. It has a remarkable fine shrUl tone, and
is heard, it is said, three or four mUes off, tf the wind be right. It
is very ancient, as appears both from the form of the letters and the
hame (of the donor, I suppose) which is that in use before surnames
•Inq. post Mort. 16 Edw. H., No. 52 ; 24 Edw. HI., No. 86 ; 11 Kic. n.. No. 34 ; 21
Hen. "VI., No. 36; 31 Hen. VI., No. 18; 6 Edw. IV., No. 29. See also Pegge's Collec
tions, passim; Add. MSS. 6673, f. 121 ; and Nichol's Collectanea, vol. i., pp. 346, 355.
f Cu/rialia Miscellanea ; or, Anecdotes of the Olden Times. J. Nichola-s, Son, and
Bentley. 1818.

WHITTINGTON. 407
were common. Perhaps it may be as old as the fabrick of the church
itself, though this is very antient. (The inscription, in Lombardic
characters, is as follows : — Eicaed : L : E : Ptz : Johan.)
"In the eai3t -window of the church is a small figure of a female
saint. " In this window, A. a fess Vafre G. and 0. between three water-
bougets Sable, Dethick.
" Cheque A and G. or a bend S. a martlet, Beclcering.
" At the bottom of this -window an inscription in black letter,
EoGEEo Ceic. Eoger Criche was rector, and died 1413, and probably
made this window. He is bm-ied within the rails of the communion
table, and his slab is engraved in the second volume of Mr. Gough's
'Sepulchral Monuments of Great Britain,' plate xix., p. 37. No
thing remains of the inscription but Amen,
In the upper part of the south window of the chancel, is a picture
in glass of the Saviour with the five wounds ; an angel at his left
hand sounding a trumpet. On a pane of the upper tier of the west
¦window is the portrait of St. John ; his right hand holding a book
with the Holy Lamb upon it, and the forefinger of the left hand
pointing to the Cross held by the Lamb, as uttering his well-known
confession : ' Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin
of the world.' '¦¦¦
" In the south window of the chancel is, Barry wavy of 6 A. and
Or. a chief A Ermine and Gules. Barky.
" Ermine on a chief indented G. or lozenge. (Morteyne.) In the
easternmost south window of the nave is A. on a chevron Sable, three
quatrefoils Argent. Eyre.
" This window has been renewed ; before which there were other
coats and some effigies in it.
"Jan. 1, 1793. Samuel Pegge, Eector."
In explanation of these notes of Dr. Pegge we may add that
Whittington appears to have remained dependent on Chesterfield
until the incumbency of the Eev. M. Waddington, who was inducted
to the living of Chesterfield on May 27, 1616, when a dispute arose
respecting the claiming of the vicarage. By a decree of the Star
Chamber, made November 11, 1632, it was decided that Whittington
should be independent, but pay certain oblations to the mother
church, as weU as find the sacramental bread for Chesterfield alter
nately with Brampton. But tbis custom appears to have long ago
died out.
• Both these am engraved in tho Antiquaries' Museum, from drawings made by Mr.
SohnebelUe.

408 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Amongst Dr. Pegge's manuscript CoUections there are also many
other interesting particulars relative to this church, which have not
hitherto been published.'* Prom this source it appears that a
rector of Whittington is mentioned in the year 1219, and that it
was probably styled a rectory as early as 1140. With respect to
the edifice itself, he says, " Some of ye old windows are no better
than loopholes. The north door of the church was stopped up in
memory of jnany persons now living. There are remains of other
loophole windows, two being now perfect. (These ' loophole win
dows ' were probably of Norman date.) The front of the porch has
been ornamented with piUars in ye Norman manner ; there stUl
remaias capital and base of that on the right hand." In the south
waU of the chancel were bdth an almery and a pisctaa.
In 1785, the beUs, being both of them cracked, were new cast
in Lancashire, with this tascription, " W. Spray and Jo. Harvey,
Chm-chwardens, 1785." They were first rung on Christmas-day of
that year. The old bells weighed 317 lbs., and were sold at 8d.
per lb. ; the new ones weighed 413 lbs., and were bought at Is. 4d.
per. lb.
Dr. Pegge was particular in keeping careful account of all his
expenditure, as rector, over the church. Thus, in 1786, he notes : —
" The chancel cieled by the singers about 1780, and cost £1 Is. Od.;
but being tU done it cost me £2 2s. Od. to repair it tn 1786, and"
whitewashing cost me 5s."
Bassano {circa 1710) notes several coats of arms in the windows
of this chm-ch, that had disappeared before the days of Dr. Pegge's
rectorship. These are :• —
" In south wiadow, a quartered coat,
"1. 
" 2. 
" 3. Arg. 3 fusUs in fess, gules. (Montague, Earl of Salisbury.)
"4. Az. a. chevron, ermine. (Lodebroke.)
" In north window, a coat Ulegible, impaling, arg. a chevron
between 3 escaUops, gules. (Breton of Walton.)
" In west window,
" Sa. a bend between 6 escallops, or. (Foljambe.)"
With regard to the presence of these different coats mentioned
by Pegge and Bassano (to which we have added the names of
their respective famUies), in the - church of Whittington, those of
Dethick, Breton, and Foljambe, will be readUy accounted for, as
* Pegge's CoUections, vol. iv„ et passim.

WHITTINGTON. 409
successive holders of the manor of Whittington. The families of
both Eyre and Barley held property in adjacent manors, and were
also intermarried with the Foljambes. The family of Beckering
was connected with this manor through the Loudhams, for when
Sfr John Loudham, the younger, died without issue, his sisters
brought his estate in moieties to Thomas Foljambe, Esq., and Sfr,
John Beckering. Joan, Countess of Kent, was allied to the Mon
tagues, and the quartered coat partially destroyed when Bassano
visited the church, was probably placed in the window when that
lady held the manor. The Montagues were large landed proprietors
tn Derbyshire, holding, tn the fourteenth century, the manors of
both Eyam and Eisley ; they were allied by marriage to the Dethicks.
The alabaster slab, to the memory of Eoger Criche, is described
at length by Dr. Pegge in Gough's great work.* He therein
describes it as the figure of a priest in vestments, with a chalice
in the right corner, and a book in the left,, adding, " the greatest
singularity tn this gravestone is the portraiture of a little boy on
the rector's left side towards the bottom. This certainly is very
remarkable, since, after inspecting all the portraits on the monu
ments in my books, I find nothing like it. We must have recourse,
therefore, here. to conjecture; viz., that, as the rector of a church
in the fifteenth century could have no legitimate children, the
nolettus or campanarius, i.e., the youth that rang the sacring bell,
must therefore be intended by this smaU figure. Perhaps he might
die at the same time as his master Cryche, and be interred in the
same grave with him."
A more recent writer on Derbyshfre antiquities, also, gives an
account of this remarkable stone : —
"In the middle of the pavement of the chancel of the chmch at
this place is a very remarkable incised slab of alabaster, represent ¦
ing a priest in ¦ his canonicals, with a lesser figure on his left
hand; probably intended for an acolyte. The head of the priest
rests on a cushion with an embroidered border, to the right of
which is a chalice, and on the left an open book. There is a
defaced inscription of four lines above the figures, and a shorter
one of two lines below them. There is every reason to believe
that this slab covers the remains of Eoger Criche, Vicar of Whit
tington, who died in 1414."!
* Gough's Sepulchral Monuments, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 39.
t Bateman's "Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire, p. 236.

410 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
The family of Criche are known to have been settled in Derby
shire in the reign of Edward II. They probably were of the
¦vUlage of that name, but eventually lived for many generations at
Stubbing Edge, Ashover. William Criche, father of Ealph, who
was hving in 1634, married the heiress of Sandford, and his second
wife was one of the Hunlokes of Wingerworth. Cornehus Criche,
one of the last of the family, lived to the good old age of 102,
and is buried in the chancel of Ashover Church. The Eevolution
of 1688, which was initiated at the ¦viUage of Whittington, was
commemorated with great rejoicings at its centenary in 1788.
Cornehus Criche was carried in a chafr in the procession, as one
who had been born before the Eevolution. He died in the foUow
ing year.
On -visiting the new St Bartholomew at Whittington, we were
much disappointed to be unsuccessful in our enquiries after the
slab to the memory of Eoger Criche. It appears that tbis interest
ing rehc disappeared when the new church was being erected. In
the tower of the new church is one of the 1785 bells from the
old buUding. In the brief biographical memofr of Dr. Pegge,
written by his son, it is said that " he wa,s buried, according to
his own desfre, in the chancel at Whittington, where a mmal
tablet of black marble (a voluntary tribute of filial respect) has
been placed over the east window -with the foUowing short inscrip
tion :
"At the North End of the Altar Table, within the EaUs,
Ue the Eemains of
Samuel Pegge, LL.D.,
who was inducted to this Eectory Nov. 11, 1751, and died
Feb. 14, 1796;
In the 92nd year of his age."
This monument remained for a considerable time in a disjointed
condition in the porch of the new church ; but, about two years
ago, it was happUy affixed to the west waU of the church, at the
time when an enlargement of the vestry and other alterations were
effected. The Eectory of Whittington was valued at £6 13s. 4d. tn the
year 1291, when the Taxation Eoll of Pope Nicholas IV. was com
piled. The Valor Ecclesiasticus, 27 Henry VHI., gives the foUowing
particulars relative to the benefice : —

WHITTINGTON. 411
WHITT-YNGTON EECTOEIA.
Decanus Lincolnensis Patronus.
Dominus Johannes Laurence rector ibidem habet in communibus aunis ut sequitur.
£ s. d.
In mansione cum gleba xvj
In decimis garbarum iiij
In decimis feni xij
In paschali rotulo - xvj
In oblationibus iiij
In decimis lane et agnellorum - xvj
Tn decimis molendini - ij ii
In decimis minutis  - vj
Summa
Unde resoluta archidiacono Derbie pro scenagio, et procuragio
De claro
Decima inde
The Parliamentary Commission of 1650 estimated the living of
Whittington at £60 per annum. They recorded that John Wolfen-
dale was the incumbent, " scandalous and insufficient."

vii

xij

iiij
x-viij

vij

X

X

XV

J

l^nm MMiAh.

/vAftos a. a

Jlopt^ Winfifli,

jHE old parish of North Winfield is one of considerable ex
tent, and comprises the townships of Clay Lane, PUsley,
Tupton, and part of Stretton, together with the villages
of Ford, Hanley, Henmore, Williamsthorp, and Woodthorp. At
the time of the Domesday Survey (1086), North Winfield is men
tioned as possessing a priest and a church, there being only forty
enumerated in the county of Derby at that date. The manor was
then held by Walter de Ayncurt, who also held the manors of
Brampton, Elmton, Holmesfield, Stoney Houghton, Morton, Ogston,
PUsley, Wadshelf, Wassington, and WUUamsthorp. Besides all ,the
manors tn Derbyshfre, the family of Deincourts* (for thus the name
was subsequently spelt) were possessed, by favour of WUliam the
Conqueror, of large landed properties in Nottiaghamshire, Lincoln
shire, and elsewhere. Ealph Deincourt, son and hefr of Walter,
was the founder of Thurgarton Priory in Nottinghamshire. To
tbis rehgious establishment he left the whole of his benefices, in
cluding two in Nottinghamshfre, seven in Lincolnshire, and Elmton
and Langwith in Derbyshire, " for the health of his soul, and of
bis sons and daughters, and for the souls of his father and mother,
and for the soul of BasUia his wife, and of all his parents and
ancestors." It thus appears that the church of North Winfield
was not left by Walter Deincourt to his son Ealph ; and it would
seem that he left it to a second son, Eoger. For in the time of
Henry IL, when a charter was obtained by the Priory of Thur
garton, confirming the grants of thefr founder, many other and
*Dr. Pegge mentions a field in the parish of North Winfield, "near the dam,"
which was called Deincourt in his days. On that spot he assumes that the original
mansion of the family stood, and that the family title of Baron de Ayncourt, or
Deiucourt, was taken from this place-name. A moor in the same parish is called
Ayn or Eyn-moor, i.e., a water or marshy moor. Pegge's CoUections, vol. v., p. 2.
The site of this ancient mansion is still pointed out by tradition, and attributed by
tbe oldest inhabitants to the Deincourts.

416 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
subsequent grants were at the same time confirmed, and amongst
others one of the church of Winfield, by " Ealph the son of Eoger
de Ayncurt."* From this date the benefice remained in the hands
of the Priory of Thurgarton untU the dissolution of the monas
teries in the reign of Henry VIH.
The manor also feU into religious hands about the same period, for
it is stated in the Chartulary of Welbeck Abbey,f that Eoger Dein
court gave to the Abbey, to sustahi three canons, the whole of his
lands in North Winfield, except the advowson of the church and
the bovate of Parkhouse, where the famUy mansion was situated.
John Deincourt, his brother, was rector of the church of North
Winfield, and confirmed the grant to the Abbey, "for his own soul
and the souls of Eoger and his wife AUce." The Abbot of Welbeck
obtained a grant of free warren over this manor in the reign of
Edward I.J The last court held at North Winfield by the Abbot
of Welbeck was by Abbot Thomas WUkinson in May, 10 Henry
VIII. (1518).§
Though the Deincourts had given- the manor proper of North
Winfield to Welbeck Abbey, they continued to hold the manors of
PUsley and WUUamsthorp, in this parish, for many generations, as
weU as the land immediately round thefr seat of Park House or
Park Hall, which was on the confines of the parish of Morton.
John Deincourt, who died 7 Henry IV., married Joanna, hefress
of Eobert Grey of Eotherfield. His elder son dying without issue
in 1422, and his younger one also in 1442, the male line became
extinct. The daughters and co-heiresses, Margaret and AUcia, were
married respectively to Ealph Lord CromweU, and to WiUiam Lord
LoveU. II
But neither the Abbey of Welbeck nor the Priory of Thurgarton
* There is some Uttle contradiction in the pedigrees of the early generations of the
Deincourts, which it does not seem now possible to clear np satisfactorily. See
Thoroton's Nottinghamshire, vol. i., p. 212, vol. Ui , p. 54^60, and Dugdale's Monas
ticon, vol. ii., p. 92. See also Blore's History of the County of Rutland, p. 150; on
the pubUcation of this volume Mr. Adam -WoUey -wrote as foUows to Mr. Blore —
" In your pedigree it is stated that Balph Deincourt, son of Eoger Deincourt and
Aunora his wife, gave the church of Winfield to the priory of Thurgarton. I admit
that the church of Wiufield was given to that priory by Ealph, son of Eoger Dein
court, but I apprehend that it was given by the Ralph, son of E. D., which Ealph I
take to be the nephew of Ralph Deincourt, the founder of Thurgarton Priory, and
not by Ealph Deincourt (if there was any such person) the sou of Eoger and Annora."
The original draft of this letter, dated March, 1812, is amongst the WoUey CoUec
tions, Add. MSS. 6674, f. 106.
t Chartulary of Welbeck, Harl. MSS. 3640, f. 301. Add. MSS. 6674, f. 105.
X Calend. Eot. Chart. 19 Bdw, I., No. 49.
§ Add. MSS. 6705, f. 75.
II Inq. post. Mort. 17 Eic. IL, No. 16; 7 Henry IV., No. 30; and 1 Henry VL,
No. 24.

NORTH WINFIELD. 417
maintained thefr exclusive rights in the manor and chmch of North
Winfield up to the dissolution of those estabUshments. Thoroton
says Sfr Ealph Longford possessed a moiety of the manor in 1513
by descent from the Deincourts, but this we have not been able to
trace; and Thoroton does not seem to have been aware that Sir
Nicholas Longford in conjunction with Sfr John Bussey were joint
holders of the whole manor, and patrons, in turn, of the church
of North Winfield in the reign of Henry VIL, and Sir Ealph
and Sir John Bussey in the following reign. ' This is proved from the
chantry endowment and from the Valor Ecclesiasticus. They were also
joint patrons of Morton, and there was a window to their memory
tn the church of Chesterfield.'* We can only conclude that the
Abbey and the Priory had sold or leased their respective rights to
the famUies of these two knights. There is no mention made of
North Winfield in the summary of the property of Thurgarton Priory
given' in the Vcdor Ecclesiasticus, but that estabUshment was then in
receipt of a pension of 15s., from PUsley in this parish. From that
sum a deduction of 3s. 4d. was made tn favour of Sir Ealph Longford,
and of 20d. in favour of Sfr John Bussey, leaving 10s. of annual rent
to the Priory.
Accordfrig to the Taxation EoU of Pope Nicholas IV. (1291), the
rectory of North Winfield (HaUewynefeld) was worth £20 per annum.
Under the temporalities of Welbeck Abbey, in the same record, are
entered two bovates of land at North Winfield valued at 10s. per
annum. The Valor Ecclesiasticus, 27 Henry VIII. , has the foUowing entries
relative to the rectory and chantry of this parish : —
NOETH-WTNFBLD EECTOEIA.
Eadulphus Longford Miles et Johannes Busshie Armigeri alterius vicibus Patroni.
Dominus Eichardus Gwent rector ibidem non comparuit et habet
communibus annis ut sequitur prout patet per biUam exhibitam
per Eadulphum GeU finnarium ibidem.
In primis mansionem cum glebis
Item iu decimis lane et agnellorum
Item in decimis garbarum et feni
Item iu paschali rotulo
Item in oblationibus
Item in decimis minutis ut in porcelUs ovis ancis canabo et Uno
Summa - xxi xvij x
Uude resoluta Archidiacono Derbie pro scenagio et procuragio xj vij
De claro xxj vj iij
Decima inde xiij vij ob'

£ s.

d.

X.XV] xiv

viij

XI] IX
iiij ij
xxiiij xj

' ij

• See the account of Chesterfield Church, p. Ii57.

2e

V

xijs.

xinj

V

X
xj

X j

418 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
NOETH-WTNFELD CANTAEIA.
Eundata per Eadulphum Savage.
Dominus Johannes Wilson oantarista ibidem Beate Marie habet ut sequitur. £ a. d.
In primis mansionem et certa cotagia in North-wynfeld cum
quodam crofto dicte cantarie pertinente ac oertas terras in cam-
pis ibidem - - v iUj
Item de priore de Lenton in pecuniis "viij marc'
Summa
Unde resoluta annuatim abbati de Welbecke pro capitale redditu
De claro
Decima inde
It is somewhat singular that there is no entry relative to the
North Winfield chantry in either of the Chantry EoUs, preserved at
the Pubhc Eecord Office ; nor is it noticed by the Eev. Mackenzie
Walcott in the list of Derbyshire Chantries that he supphed to the
Reliquary.* But the original foundation ' charter, of the 4th of
February, 1488, is at the British Museum,t and consists of a
parchment volume entitled — "The Foundation of a Chantery in the
church of St. Helen at Northwynfeld in Com. Derby." It is in
fair preservation, but part of the first page is imperfect. From
this charter we find that Henry VII. gave license to John Babyng
ton, Knight, and Eauf Savage to found a perpetual chantry of one
secular priest, to be called " the chauntrie of blessed Marie Virgyn
in the chfrch of Seynt Elyn of Northwynfeld." The priest was to
have an annuity of eight marks allo-wed him " of the monasterie
" or priorie of the Holy Spfrite of Lenton in our countie of Not-
- " yngham. The priest was to pray for the good estate of the King,
" his fully dere wyffe, Elizabeth Queene of England, and his best
" beloved first-begotten son, Arthur Prynce of Wales and' Earl of
" Cornwalle, and of us the aforesayd John Babyngton, and Eauf
" Savage, and also of John Savage, knight, Thomas EeveU ser-
" jeaunt of; lawe, Thomas Babjmgton of Dethyck, John Savage of
" Huknall, Thomas Orston, and Edmond Savage, preeste, whUes we
" Iif and liffen, and for the soules of the' aforesaid when we shaU
" passe oute of this worlde, and also for the soules of Arnold
" Savage Esqwyer, Agnes Leversage, and Helyn Orston, and aU
" our ancestors."
The goods of the chantry, mentioned in the charter, are " a messale,
price of os. ; two porttfers, yt is to say, one to be lying and another
to be portative ; two chaUesses of silver and iu partie gilted, weigh-
*'' Reliquary, vol. xi.. No. 42.
fAdd. MSS. 5162. There is also a copy amongst the records of the Nottingham
Corporation. Dr. Pegge gives extracts from it in his Collections, vol. -viii.

NORTH WINFIELD. 4l9
ing in both xi. ounces of sylver Troy weight ; and vi. chesibles with ye
apparells to saye masse in." Mention is also made in the charter of
Thomas Tue, the first chantry priest, of Thomas Fitzherbert the par
son of the church, and of " the worshipfuU and noble men Nichol
Longford, Knt. , and John Bushy, Knt., Lords of ye manor of North-
wynefeUd and Patrons of ye parish church."
The license concludes -with the following injunction : " That these
ordinances be not forgotten they shaU on ye feast of St. George afore
ye beginning of high mass, and on Wednesday in Whisson weke, be
read openly in mother tongue by ye priest of ye chantry in ye parish
church or churchyard."
Although North Winfield is not mentioned in the Chantry Eolls, the
chantry is enumerated in' the volumes containing the " Particulars
for the Sale of CoUedges and Chantries," where the mansion house,
together with an apple orchard pertaining to it, then in the -occupation
of one WilUam Wakks, a yearly tenant, is valued at £6 8s. Od., being
sixteen years' purchase at a rental of 8s.* The mansion was bought
in by the Savages at the time of the sale of this property, and a
branch of tbe family resided there for several generations. The
parish register contains the foUo-wing entry under the year 1650 : —
" 5 March, Georgius Savage de Chantry House, sepultus fuit." This
chantry-house, which adjoins the north-east angle of the churchyard,
has now, for many years, been used as an alehouse, and is known by
the sign of the " Blue Bell Inn." It retains many of its ancient
features, both external and internal, just as it was built in the fifteenth
century; but about three years ago it was unfortunately much
modernised in appearance, by the removal of the stone muUions from
the -windo^ws.
Thomas Fitzherbert, rector of Northwinfield, at the time of the
foundation of the chantry, was the fourth son of Ealph Fitzherbert, of
Norbury, by Elizabeth, daughter and hefress of John MarshaU. He
¦was a brother of Sfr Anthony Fitzherbert, the famous judge. He held
the rectory in 1511, as in that year he- was one of the godfathers at
the baptism of James Foljambe, eldest son of Sir Godfrey.f John
Fitzherbert of Norbury, the eldest brother of Anthony and Thomas,
had issue — Nicholas, who married Dorothy, daughter of Sir Ealph
Longford. Dorothy was sister to Sfr Nicholas Longford, who was
one of the patrons of North Winfield. It therefore seems likely
that Thomas was appointed to this h-ving by his brother-in-law.'*'
'Particulars for Sale, etc., vol. IxvUi., p. 243. PubUc Eecord Office.
t Kiohols' Collectanea, vol. i., p. 359.
t There were various alliances between the Fitzherberts and the Longfords. See
tbe account of Chesterfield Church, pp. 158,-9.

420 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Sir John Babington, joint founder of tbe chantry, must have been
the Knight of Malta, of whom we have written under Ashover and
Dethick,* as the more celebrated Sir John, in whose memory there
was a memorial window at Staveley, was slain at Bosworth Field,
in 1465.
The long connection of the Savages with the manor of Stainsby,
in the adjacent parish of Hault HucknaU, has been explained at
length in the account of that church, and Eauf or Ealph Savage
was undoubtedly of that famUy. But it is not so easy a matter
to trace the exact connection of the Savages of North Winfield
with those of Stainsby. The south aisle of the Church was re-buUt
by this famUy, as we may conclude from finding their arms — fusilly
in pale — cut on the terminals of the wood-moulds of all the win
dows, probably by Ralph Savage, at the very time when he founded
the chantry ; there were also formerly various coats of arms telong-
frig to the Savages in another part of the church. Both these cfr
cumstances show this branch of the family was of considerable
importance and influence in the parish. The mention of the arms
occms in Wyrley's copy of Flower's Derbyshfre Visitation of 1569,
with addition taken by himself in 1592. -f " In tbe church of
North Winkfield be thes Armes foUowinge, placed not far from
the chappeU.
" I. Arg., on a saltfre engraUed, sa., nine annulets, cyr (Leake),
impaling arg., a pale fusilly, sa. (Savage).
" n. Eafe Savage. Arg., a pale fusiU, sa., over aU a bend sinis
ter, gu.
" III. Savage, impaling gu., three legs in armour united at the
thighs, arg. (Isle of Man).
"IV. Savage, impaUng arg., three bendlets, gu., over aU a label
of three points (Byron).
" V. Savage, with a crescent for difference, and over it -(vritten
'Arnold Savage.'
"VI. Savage, and over it 'John Savage junior, mUes."
The first of these coats is explained by the marriage of Ehzabeth,
daughter of Sfr John Savage of Stainsby (and Chfton, Cheshfre),
to Sfr- John Leake, as described in the account of Sutton Church.
Sir John Savage, the father of Elizabeth, married Katharine, daugh
ter of Thomas Lord Stanley, Lord of Man ; and this accounts for the
thfrd coat. Sfr John had issue by Katharine (in addition to EUza-
*Pp. 29, 43.
tHari.MSS. 6592, f. 88.

NORTH WINFIELD. 421
beth), nine sons ; John, who married the heiress of Vernon and was
slain at Boulogne (he would be styled "junior" in his father's life
time, thus accounting for the sixth coat) ; Thomas, Archbishop of
York (see Sutton Church) ; Humphrey; Lawrence; James; Edmond,
a priest (mentioned in the foundation of the chantry) ; Christopher ;
Eichard ; and William.
Sir John Savage, temp. Henry V. , knighted at the battle of Agin
court, married Maud, daugliter aud heiress of Eobert Swynerton.
Their eldest son was the Sir John Savage who married Katharine
Stanley mentioned above ; but they had also, in addition to nine
daughters, four other sons, WiUiam, Arnold, Eoger, and George.
We beUeve that this was the Arnold who settled at North Win
field, whose arms were on the fifth coat in the window, and who
is mentioned as deceased in the charter of the chantry. The label
on the impaled fourtli coat shows that it was borne by an eldest
son in the lifetime of his father ; and we are inclmed to attribute it
to Arnold's son and heir, whom we beUeve to have married one of
the Byrons of Nottinghamshire, but died without issue. The pro
perty at North Winfield thereupon passed into the hands of Ealph
Savage, the founder of the chantry, and who was of illegitimate
birth, as is shown by the bend sfriister on the second coat. There
is good reason to suppose that Ealph was the Ulegitimate son of
Arnold.'* The Commissioners of the Commonwealth, 1650, reported 'the
rectory of North Winfield to be of the annual value of £170. Mr.
W. Barton -t was then the incumbent "honest and able." The fol
lowing is a list of the rectors of this parish from Thomas Fitzher
bert to the end of the seventeenth century, taken from the parish
registers : —
Eichard Gwent  temp. Hem-y VIIL, etc.
Ealph Wenwright ...buried 11th November, 1578.
John Cooke  buried 27th September, 1599.
Anthony Topham ...His son Anthony was baptized 17th January,
1630. He held the Deanery of Lincoln
together with this rectory.
* It also occurs to ns that Ralph's mother may have been the Agnes Liversage
mentioned in the charter of the chantry. The account iu the text of the North Win
fleld Savages must not be taken as conclusive, but as founded -with a considerable
degree of certainty on the very numerous pedigrees and other e-ridences of the family
that we have consulted. There Avas another branch of the Savages, descended from
a younger brother of Eoger-le-Savage, of Stainsby, temp. Bdw. I., amongst whom
the name of Ai-nold constantly recui-red, but thev were settled in Kent. Harl. MSS.
2094, fi. 40, 42; 4031, f. 260; 2075, ff. 56, 57, etc.; 807, f. 65.
t An agreement between the Eev. W. Barton and the rector of Morton -will be
found under the account of that church.

422 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
WiUiam Barton  1650.
Eichard Beresford ...buried 5th March, 1694.
Matthew PoweU  Uving 1714.
The parish registers are unusually perfect and of considerable
interest in many of thefr detaUs.* We take from them the foUowing
entries relative to the fabric, etc., of the chm-ch.
"1633. Upon the first day of August, or thereaboute, their was a great clock plum
(weight) stolen out of the steeple, which was eight or nine stone waight ; some stronge
body did .pteal yt, or else it coiUd not have been carried away, for I could not lift it
with one hand. At the same time there was a kaye left in at Booth (?) Savage house
(the chantry house), which did unlock the chappie door when they pleased to goe and
ringe when I was out .... and manie times the church doores was left open
when I did never know of it, for by this means aUso by going into the chappeU win-
doB and breaking the . . . door into the chancell at there pleasure. The church
was made common, and doores left open alnight manie times .
" 1633. This parish church steiple at North Wingfield white lymed in September.
"1634. June 14. A new raU before our Communion Table made and set in om-
ohanceU. " 1646. Te chanoeU lead was bloane ofi at ye same time .... -winde fortie
yardes. "1650. July. A new bay made in the east end of our church over the pulpit.
Alsoe a new church doore made (still iu good condition).
"1718. This is to certifie whom it may concern, yt in ye year of our Lord 1718,
the loft, or gaUery, in North Wingfield church was erected by the churchwardens of
this parish, viz. : — John LiUyman, Thomas Clay, Ealph Wass, and Samuel Harrison,
who, with ye unanimous consent of ye' parish, for the defraying ye charge of bo good
a work, sold such seats in ye aforesaid loft, as shaU be hereafter mentioned to these
several parties, to them and their heirs for ever. "
We wiU now turn to the chm-ch itself, as it exists at the present
day. It consists of a nave, side aisles, chancel, and two side chapels
on the northern side ; whilst at the western end is a lofty embattled
tower. Of the chmch existing at the time of the Domesday Survey,
there are no remains tn the present structure, unless it be the dis
carded font, or one of the incised slabs to which we shall subse
quently refer.
At the east end of the north aisle is a Norman window, now
blocked up ; which, if it was opened, would communicate with
the chapel beyond, on the north side of the chancel. This is
of the late Norman period, approaching the transition to the next
style, as the arch is not perfectly semi-oircular. It is enriched
with some clear-cut mouldings of the tooth or four-leaved pattern,
and the capitals of the side pUlars, are weU worthy of attention, as
they are of a most unusual design, and might, if taken by them
selves, be attributed even to the Saxon period. Its date, however,
appears to be about the middle of the twelfth century, early fri the
reign of Henry II The archway connecting the north aisle with
* See two papers contributed by us,.on the Parish Eegisters of North Winfield, to
the Reliquary, vol. xm. '

$TEETi-£-r

BEmroie & 5DES.?a£-STiiii]ePince5& BejJy

NORTH WINFIELD. 423
the chapel at its eastern end, is also clearly Norman. It seems
highly probable that "Ealph, the son of Eoger," previous to bestow
ing this church on the Priory, of Thurgarton, re-buUt it, or restored
it, and this seems to be the only remnant of that structure. It
does not appear to have been interfered with in the Early English
period; but, subsequently, when the Decorated style was in vogue,
and stiU later during the Perpendicular period, the church lost
almost all of its original characteristics.
On the south side is the porch. Its waUs are unpierced -with
windows, but the ogee archway at the entrance is of unusual width,
and, though now mutUated, has formerly possessed some good open
work tracery. Above tbe crocket, wliich siu-mounts the doorway, is
a fair-sized niche, in which there is a figure, perhaps intended for
St. Lam-ence, naked to the waist, but minus the head. This figure
has evidently not originally b^en sculptured for the niche which it
now occupies.. On each side are two niches of equal size, but now
destitute of occupants. Within the porch over the door into the
church is a foiu-tb niche, which is also empty. This seems to
point out that the porch was an after-thought, and not in the
original design when the church was re-built in the Perpendicular
period. A careful examination of the porch convinces us that it is
in the main composed of fragments that have been previously
utihzed iu other parts of the building ; and it has been further
disfigured by churchwarden restorers, who have slated the roof on
one side, but left the stone tiling on the other. The south side aisle
was re-built tn 1860, but upon the same foundations as the pre
vious one. At the time of the re-buUding of the south aisle, an
interesting piece of sculpture was exposed in the south Wall near
the east end. Including its crocketed canopy it is above fom- feet
square, and represents the martyrdom of St. Laurence on the grid-
fron. St. Laurence was Archdeacon of Eome, under Pope Sixtus
H., and sufi'ered martyrdom on the 10th of August, 258, for refus
ing to deliver up the church treasures to the Emperor Valerian.
After undergoing various preliminary torments, he was fastened
upon an iron bedstead or gridfrbn, and slowly roasted before a
glowing fire. It is said that, much to the tyrant's dismay, St.
Laurence found it but a bed of roses, devoid of aU pain ; and upon
the Emperor's approach to -witness his pangs, he calmly requested
that he might be turned round, as he thought erne side was done
sufficiently. He is here represented as bound on the gridiron by
his hands and feet; there are three other figures in the sculpture.

424 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
aU in alto-rehevo ; two of them, at the head and foot, appear to be
turning hhn round, whUst a third stands behind, about the cenfre.
All these figures are much defaced. There is a very similar
sculptm-e in the church of Tuxford, in Nottinghamshire, which is
in better preservation. There the centre figiu-e is engaged in blow
ing the fire -with a pafr of beUows, whieh was probably the occu
pation of the centre figure at North Winfield. At the east end
of the south aisle, behind the pulpit, is a blocked-up squint, that
once afforded the worshippers at that end of the aisle an oppor
tunity of seeing the high altar. This has been plastered over level
with the waU in the chancel ; but has been utihzed as a closet for
books, on the other side. The windows of this aisle, which are a
re-production of the old ones, are ordinary examples of the square-
headed Perpendicular. They are fianked on the exterior by shields
bearing a pale fusUly — the arms of Savage.
The north aisle of this chm-ch, together -with the roof of the
nave and the clerestory waUs, was restored in 1872.* The north
waU of the aisle was found, on the removal of the roof, to be so
much out of the perpendicular, as to necessitate its rebuilding from
the foundations. The -windows hi this waU were square-headed and
of a plain description, like those of the south aisle ; but the waU
itself, j-ielded evidence of having been originaUy constructed at a
much earUer period. The wall, when demohshed, a.£forded various
small and perishing fragments of ancient incised slabs, as weU
as a few portions of previously utihzed masonry, that showed by
their mouldings a twelfth century origin. Some of the remains
were of more interest, of which we shaU notice three : — (1) the
head of an incised cross of early date (probably of the first quarter
of the twehth century, and possibly stUl earher), the cross being
*A smaU landed estate was left in 1705 to trustees for the primary object of keep
ing this fine church in repair, but these church lands were so shamefuUy jobbed,
that the condition of the fabric and its fittings had become a bye-word. The inter
vention of Chancery was obtained in 1860, and since then, in 1861 and in 1S72, por
tions of the church have been put into smtable repair. Unfortunately the new
scheme did not insist upon the trustees being either residents or parishioners ; and
as they are a seU-elected and irresponsible body, they have been able, on repeated
occasions, to set at defiance the expressed -wishes of the parish in vestry assembled,
ns to the application of these funds. These church lands now bring in an income of
from i'SO to £90, a very large revenue for a simple parish church, and this income might
readUy be doubled if only the trustees would consent to letting the land on building
leases, etc , etc., a project to which the Charity Commissioners have no objection.
The rmfortunate reproach that stiU clings to this church coiUd thus be at once re
moved, and the future proceeds of the fund, in accordance with the scheme, might
then, after the parish and distiict churches were thoroughly repaired, be appUed to
such other purposes as the Court might direct.
The writer of these pages was churchwarden in 1872, when he had the satisfaction
of discovering the fine remains of the old roofs of the nave and north aisle under
the plaster oeUing, aud of suggesting their exposure and retention. This was most
happUy and faithfuUy carried out by Mr, S. EoUiuson, architect, of Chesterfield.

NORTH WINFIELD. 425
formed by a circle or annulet between four diverging semi-circles,
aU unconnected ; (2) the base stone of one of the windows, about
two feet square, which was found, on being reversed, to have been
delicately chiseUed in sunk relief into four panels fiUed with pointed
Decorated tracery; a stone which, we think, originaUy formed part
of the base of a rood-loft or other screen ; * and (8) a full-sized
toad, which was extracted, in our presence, from a recess exactly
proportioned to its body in the centre of the masonry. t The
inner side of this wall was inlaid with several coats of plaster
On the removal of the outer coat, many traces of black letter in
scriptions (with red initials) were partiaUy exposed ; sufSciently so
to enable one to decide that they were scriptural texts, in the
vulgar tongue, of the Elizabethan period. Below this again, on
that part of the wall nearest the west end, and beneath one or two
other layers of plaster or thick whitewash, was the original coating
of the waU. We used the greatest pains and trouble to secure the
exposure of a very considerable portion of the original surface ; but
the upper coats were so adhesive, that we never succeeded in ex
posing more than a square foot at a time, and that only in a
damaged condition. But various parts of a rudely- executed figure
ta armour became -visible, as well as the well-defined head and jaws
of some monster, with a staff in its throat ; so that we have no
hesitation in saying that here v.ras a fresco of St. George and the
Dragon, or some like combat.- The colours used appeared only to have
been buff, chocolate, a deep red, and black. Probably this was a
portion of the frescoes which adorned the whole, or part, of the
church erected here in the twelfth century ; the incised slab,
and other fragments found hi the waUs, giving proof of the
yet earher church that occupied this site, when the Domesday Sur-
"' "It is not usual to find the chancel of a country parish church divided from
the nave by a stone screen ; but examples remain in the churches of Broughton,
Oxfordshire, aud Ilkeston, Derbyshire, both of Decorated date." — Parker's Glossary
of Architecture, vol i., p. 332. There is als-Q a stone screen at Chelmorton, in this
county. t Derbyshire has given many contributions to the unsolved problem of the powers
of a toad to retain life in the centre of a block of marble or coal, but this was not
an instance in point ; for though the toad in question must have been in the position
in which it was found for a long period, it was not incased in a single stone, but
merely wedged in betwixt stones and mortar. It is possible that tbere was a crevice
communicating with the outer air, and that through such crevice it might have
crawled in the days of its earliest infancy. We forwarded this toad by Her Majesty's
mails to that prince of naturaUsts, Mr. Frank Buckland, Editor of Land and "Water,
and several paragraphs respecting it appeared in the columns of that paper. In an
amusing letter, acknowledging its receipt, Mr. Buckland wrote to us—" -your friend
is as Uvely as possible after his journey, and in exceUent appetite. He is now
sitting before me on the inkstand, and eating flies from tte end of my pen." But a
yet greater honour, and more startUng change of scene, were reserved for this ecclesi
astical toad, as it was shortly afterwards removed to the South Kensington Exhibition
of that year, and it may, for aught we know, bo Uving still.

426 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
vey was compiled. A plain pointed doorway, of the Decorated
period, and of smaU dimensions, was also ojiened out at the west
end of this aisle during the alterations ; but the chief improvement
effected was in the roof, which was previously of lath and plaster,
and in a most dilapidated condition. These laths, some time in
the seventeenth century, had been barbarously naUed on to the
fine old oak rafters of a fourteenth century roof. This roof is now
once more exposed to view, every particle of the old wood that was
sound being retained. It affords an example of a low-gabled roof,
which is a form of very unusual occurrence in aisle roofs, especiaUy
in those of the north aisle. It is of the Decorated date, with
weU-carved spandrels, and effective bosses on some of the tie-
beams. The north aisle terminates at the eastern end in a chanlry or
chapel, which makes', as it were, a smaU transept ; this is lighted
on the north, by a large plain window of the same description as
the other side windows ; whUst the blocked-up eastern one has
already been noticed. To the left of this window is a large stone
bracket for an image of a saint ; and to the right, there are ap
pearances in the plaster, of the place whence another bracket bas
been broken. The restoration of 1872 did not reach to this chantry,
but the winding stairs in the northern pier that separates the
chancel fr-om the nave (which are entered from the south-east
angle of this chantry), were then cleared out and found to be per
fect, as was also the doorway, that opened out upon the top of the
rood-loft screen that formerly divided the nave and the chancel.
To this doorway a door has been now supplied. At the bottom of
this stafrcase, and underneath the lower steps, was a square recess
or closet of stone, which had probably once served as an almery for
the sacred vessels of the adjacent side altar. The top stone of
this almery we found to be carved on the lower side ; and, upon re
moval it proved to be the upper half of a memorial of the rare
semi-effigial class, like the interestiug one to Matilda de Caus,
described at length in the account of Brampton Church.* The
almery, of which this stone formed a part, had been clearly con
structed since the erection of the stafrs, and we think it very
likely was constructed in 1488, to retain the valuable chattels of the
* We had intended to give a drawing of this stone, but during subsequent visits to
the church we have failed to find it. At the expiration of our year of office, the
various interesting relics found during the repairs were collected together within
the church, but having since been placed in the churchyard, several have disap
peared, and all have been considerably damaged. But what cau be expected in a
churchyard which is used as a playground by the viUage school ?

NORTH WINFIELD. 427
Savage chantry then founded, which, we believe to have been
formed, by the enlargement of this end of the north aisle.
The clerestory windows of the nave, four on each side, were
(previous to the restoration) of - the "churchwarden" era, and
destitute of all tracery, The heads are now filled with simple
Perpendicular work. The roof of the nave was hidden by a semi
circular whitewashed ceUing of lath and plaster. To make way
for this barbarity, the corbels of the old roof had been cut away,
and several of tbe handsomely carved bosses in the centre of the
tie-beams mutUated. On removing this modern obstruction, a
considerable portion of the old roof was "found intact. None of the
old rafters or smaU s]3ars were left, and the boards over them were
also of a later date, but the ridge-tree, tie-beams, and purlins, all
plainly moulded, were in much the same condition as when first
erected, and so also was the most characteristic feature of this roof,
the bold trefoil tracery above each of the tie-beams, filling up the
space betweeu the strut and the king-post. AU these old details
have been preserved, and the roof, though plain in character, is of
considerable interest ; as woodwork of the Decorated period, especiaUy
Ul roofs, is so rarely met with, and we attribute this to the latter
part of that period, circa 1350. It is therefore older than the
clerestory waUs, or at aU events, than the present shaped windows,
and also than the tower. It was probably retained when other
characteristics of the church were altered in the Perpendicular period,
on account of its solidity and exceUent workmanship. On removing
the plaster ceUing, it was found that the Ten Commandments, in
black-letter of the same description as the texts on the north wall,
had formerly been inscribed on the east gable of the nave, over the
chancel arch. The upper half of each table that had been concealed
in the space between the old and false roof, was almost as fresh
as when first painted. This, and not the east end of the chancel,
was the place in which the Commandments were originally exhibited.
Injunctions are extant, of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, ordering the
painting of "the Tables of the Law over against the quire arch,
where the rood (cross or crucifix) has heretofore been."*
In making the alterations, it was noted that three of the lintel
stones of the clerestory windows had formerly served as incised
memorial or coffin-lids, They stUl occupy the same position. One
of these had a pafr of shears on the dexter side of the cross stem ;
* EnU length daubs of Moses and Aaron -n-ere hung against the clerestory waUs,
they ai-e now in a corner of the north aisle. On the back of the canvas of each is
S. E. Pinxit, 17^.

428 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
and another, the far rarer symbol, of the knife or biU-head, upon
which we have commented in the account of the church of Sutton.
There are two other instances of these incised slabs in this church;
one in the floor immediately upon entering the south porch, which is
much worn, but the head of the cross can still be seen under the
hinge of the door ; and the other in the west wall of the beU-chamber
of the tower, where it is buUt in between the apex of the two windows.
The latter must have covered the grave of an infant, for its length is
only twenty-four inches. It tapers towards the foot, being nine
inches wide at the head, and seven at tbe foot. On its surface is an
incised cross fleury, standing on a pedestal of three steps. It much
resembles some of the smaUer crosses in the porch of BakeweU
church, and is doubtless a memorial of the early Norman church.
Close to this interesting memento are four old paving tUes, that
have been worked up in the masonry with thefr faces towards the
waU. We removed one, but the action of the lime had been such
as to obliterate all traces of the pattern, though sufficient was left
to prove that they had served as ancient encaustic paving tUes of
a former church. They probably came from the mediaeval tile
kiln, lately discovered at Eepton, which has been proved to have
supplied so many of the churches of Derbyshire and adjacent counties
with this handsome material for paving.
The tower is a handsome and massive erection of the Perpendicular
period, being more than one hundred feet in height. The lofty arch,
that ought to be open into the nave, is blocked up by the singularly
ugly and obtrusive gallery mentioned in the registers. It bears on
the centre panel an inscription proclaiming its erection in 1717,
and that the then curate gave £10 to the expenses. IS this were
removed, the west window of the tower would then be seen, and would
add much to the beauty of the church. In one of the small top lights
of this window, is a well executed figure of a monk, in yellow and
white glass. He bears in the left hand a book, and in the right
a rosary. The beU-chamber is lighted by eight fine windows, two
on each side. It contains a peal of six, bells.
I. This bell has no inscription whatever, and is a poor piece of
casting, with many bubbles.
II. " God 'save his Chm-ch, 1617." Though there is no founder's
mark on this beU, the style of ornament between the words of
the iuscription shows that it was cast by the Oldfields.
III. "In Multis Annis resones Campana Johannis," in Lombardic
lettering round the haunch, with the initial letter's crowned. In

NORTH WINFIELD. 429
the same line with the inscription, is a cross formed of four
radiating fleurs-de-lis, followed by a small coin. The reverse of
tbis coin is .presented. It has a cross patee extending through the
legend, with three peUets in each quarter. The legend is much
worn, but we believe it to read "Civitas Dureme," and that the
coin is a penny of the fourteenth century, struck at Durham. This
is a fine old bell.
IV. "Anthony Lyatt, Will. Holland, George Shaw, Peter Dowker,
fr-iends to this BeU, 1661." Founder's mark of George Oldfield.
V. " Thomas Stevenson, Eichard Millward, John Breilsford, John
Dobb. 1617," round the haunch. In a lower line, the word "wardens,"
and beneath it the founder's mark of George Oldfield.
VI. " This beU was given by tbe parishioners of Staveley, &c., on
Wm. the Marquis of Hartington's coming of Age, the 21st May,
1811. J. Mears, London, fecit." It is singular to find this bell
at North Winfield, as we cannot imagine for a moment, that the
parishioners of Staveley were sufficiently generous to present a bell
to North Winfield. On referring to the account of Staveley Church,
it -wiU be seen that the tower of Staveley has a bell with a precisely
simUar inscription, and another presented at the same time by the
Eector. We can only conclude that a third was ordered of T. Mears
at this date for_ Staveley, but being found unsuitable, was subse
quently transferred, either from Staveley, or dfrect from the foundry
to North Wmfield.
In the thfrd volume of the parish registers, occurs the foUowing
entry : —
"Eeceived the 18th of October 1749, of the then Churchwardens
(that is to say) WUl. Hopkinson, Tho. BoUer, WiU. Parsons, and
Hen. Eooth, the sum of Twenty-seven pounds and eightpence, being
in fuU of aU demands for casting the great BeU, fuzing Metal &
Hanging the said Bell. I say Eeceivd the same in Full. Per me
" DANIEL HEDDEELEY.
" Test. Eobert Parsons', J. Snibson, Clerk."
There is now no beU of Hedderley's in the tower, and it seems
that the one with the Staveley inscription was afterwards substituted
for this one cast in 1749.
There is a tradition that this tower had originally a peal of
eight bells. The capacity of the beU-chamber is sufficient to
admit of its possibUity. There are traces on the summit of
the tower of the former existence of pinnacles, of some litfle
size, at the four corners of the battlements. These must have

430 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
added much to the beauty of the tower. Immediately below the
parapet is a cornice, formed of an alternate portcuUis and uncharged
shield. The dripstone over the western doorway of the tower ter
minates in two heads, the one being crowned vrith a ducal coronet,
and the other wearing a bishop's mitre. The ground floor of the
tower is utilized as the disagreeable receptacle for rubbish, and as a
sexton's tool house ; but words fail us to describe the loathsome
excrescence that has been erected, -within the last thirty years
between the buttresses on the north side of the tower — suffice it to
say that it is a necessary adjunct to the school held in the vestry.
And this abomination was, we believe, erected with the endowment
money left in 1705, and has quite recently been re-roofed and
beautified from the same fund ! At the time of the buUding of
the tower, the arches and pillars at the west end of the nave seem to
have been rebuUt, as they differ somewhat from the others, the
capitals being ornamented -with inverted uncharged shields. Its
date would be tn the commencement of the fifteenth century ; but
the side windows of the aisles and chancel, together with those of
the clerestory, would be fuUy fifty years later.
The chancel is in good repafr. On the south side are two square-
headed windows, of the same style and date as those in the aisles ;
and on each side, which is somewhat unusual in a chancel, are
three simUar clerestory or upper windows. The east window is a
good, though not uncommon, specimen of the Decorated style, its
date being about the year 1320. In this wiadow are some remains
of old glass. The centre light contains two shields of arms, one
above the other. The upper one in heraldic terms may be thus
described : — Or, on a fesse, three water-bougets, arg ; the lower,
or, on a fesse, az., three crosses recercele of the field. The un
charged portions of the shields are elegantly diapered with foliage.
Good designs of acorns and leaves, in yeUow and white glass,
appear in fragments in other parts of the window. " The ffrst of
these coats is that of Bingham or Bugge, both these families using
the arms, and both of them also, with the WUloughbys of WoUa-
ton and Eisley, having a common descent from Ealph Bugge, upon
whose name the water-bougets were intended to pun. The arms
were anciently to be seen in several churches in Nottinghamshfre,
as Leke, Cosgrave, Carcolston, and Flintham, and also in Thurles-
ton church in Leicestershire." * Dr. Pegge, who took notes of tbis
* Extract from a letter to us by the late Mr. S-wift, of Sheffield. The arms were
also in Chesterfleld Church. See page 156.

NORTH WINFIELD. 431
church hi 1780, states that the Binghams had landed property
at Senor in this parish.* The second coat is that of Paveley,
who held property m both the Winfields during the fourteenth
centmy. The Paveleys were also connected by marriage with the
Binghams. t
A small modern doorway, on the north side of the chancel, leads
into a large side chapel. This was formerly open to the chancel
through a good-sized lofty arch, which stUl exists ; but it is now
entfrely blocked up, with the exception of the doorway. The chapel
is nearly square and of large dimensions, and has for a considerable
time been desecrated by being used as the parish day school.J
In one corner a fireplace has been built, and the exterior is in
consequence adorned with a red brick chimney. There is a two-
light window at the east end filled with Decorated tracery, and
another of the same date and size on the north side. There are
some interesting stone carvings hi alto-relievo on the walls, under
Decorated canopies. That on the north waU represents two figures
standing up, about Ufe size. The heads are gone and they are
otherwise mutilated. The figure to the left has wiags, and the
subject may perchance have been the Annunciation. Against the
east wall is another car-ving, in the centre of which are two seated
figures, and on each side is a smaUer one, kneeling. These, also,
are rauch disfigured, and they are all covered with several layers
of bright yeUow-wash ! Under one of the school tables, about the
centre of the ehapel, is the raised effigy of a knight. This figure
is now almost worn smooth under the feet of the scholars, who
use it as a griadstone for thefr slate pencils ; but it is evident
that it was that of a cross-legged knight with his feet on a dog,
and ha-ving on his head a conical nasal helmet^ This is evidently
older than the chapel in which it is now placed ; and it occurs to
us that it may be the monument of Oliver de Ayencourt (Deincourt),
grandson of the founder of Thurgarton Priory, who was killed at the
battle of Lincoln, in the third year of the reign of King John (1202).
These cross-legged figures were formerly supposed to represent
actual crusaders ; but, as this has in many instances been proved
to be erroneous, it is now usual to suppose that they were those
* Pegge's CoUections, vol. v., p. 2.
t Mr. Swift was also kind enough to -write to us at considerable length on this f amUy,
aad its connection -with Winfield. See Blore's South Winfield, and Thoroton's
Nottinghavishire (foUo edition), p. 65.
X The Eev. H. Hankey -writes to Messrs. Lysons, under date 16th December, 1816. —
" The school has been kept in the vestry time immemorial." Lysons' Correspondence,
Add. MSS., 9424.

432 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
who had vowed to join tn a crusade to the Holy Land. Others
again consider the position indicative of certain judicial functions.
Our own opinion (notwithstanding the voluminous essays on the
subject) is that the position of the legs was symbolical of nothing
at aU ; but that it was adopted, in the first instance, by a sculptor,
either as a graceful, or a merely capricious variation fr-om the usual
straight-legged attitude, and was subsequently imitated by the same
and other sculptors, as a successful change of fashion. There always
has been just as much of unreasoning fashion in the tombs of the
dead, as in the garments of the living.
In the exterior wall of the south side of the chancel is an ogee-
shaped low archway, forming a recess, under which is another stone
effigy of a knight in armour. This is of later date than the one
in the north chapel, about the middle of the thirteenth century in
the reign of Henry III. It is clad in chain armour from head to
foot. The hands are clasped on the breast, and the left side is
gfrt with a sword, partly concealed beneath a long kite-shaped
shield, which is uncharged. One of the legs has gone, but they
were apparently crossed at the ankle, and rested upon a hon. It
is most unusual to find an effigy of this description under an
external sepulchral recess ; and this particular effigy was certainly
never contrived for the position it now occupies. There is a .tradi
tion in the parish that this monument is to a Deincourt, and was
brought here many years ago from Park HaU, where it had been
discovered during some excavations on the site of the ancient seat
of that famUy. We beUeve the tradition as to its being another
memorial of the Deincourts, to be very probably correct ; but not
so -with the other half of the story. It is more likely to have been
moved here from the interior of the church ; or (if it reaUy came
from any distance) may it not have been one of the Deincomt
effigies mentioned by Wyrley as existing in Chesterfield Church in
the sixteenth century, which have now disappeared ?
On the other side of the church we find, beneath a spout of the
north aisle, the old massive font. On the occasion of one of om-
visits it was full of water, and was being used as a wash-hand-
bason by the lads of the church school m thefr dinner hour.
From the s5-stematic way tn which they went to work — soap even
not being absent — it was evident that this is the purpose to which
it is generaUy apphed. It is passing strange how the inhabitants
of North Winfield have for so long suffered this ancient font to be
defiled. In that rude bowl thefr forefathers have been christened

NORTH WINFIELD. 433
eight hundred years, and generation after generation been therein
dedicated to God's service. Surely tf anything inanimate can ever
be venerated, this should be treated with all reverence and decorum.
But what can we expect from a generation who are literaUy being
educated in desecration, and who, during thefr school hours, are
gradually reducing . to dust beneath thefr hob-nailed boots, the
effigies of those who received their baptism in this very font ? The
font is of rude early construction, the base being channelled . in
flutings, and the whole of one block of coarse grit-stone. It is
very possible that it may have been the font of the church which
¦was here existent at the time of the Domesday Survey. The present
font is an ugly octagon construction, quite out of keeping with the
church, and bearing the date of 1662.
There is not a little difficulty tn arriving at a true conclusion as to
the- dedication of this church. Bacon's Liber Regis gives the dedica
tion as St. La-wrence, and this opinion appears to have been almost
universally accepted of late years.* The wakes, or feast, of this
parish are also regulated in accordance with the anniversary of this
Saint's day. But, as we have afready seen, the foundation deed of
the chantry, in the reign of Henry VII. , makes mention of the church
as dedicated in honour of St. Helen. It was described as dedicated to
this Empress in the year 1401,t and even so late as 1644 one of the
BraUsford fanuly is said to have been interred "in Ecclesie Sancte
Helene de Northwingfield. " J Under these cfrcumstances, especiaUy
considering the important nature of the chantry foundation deed, it
would be idle to deny that the parish church of North Winfield was,
in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries, dedicated to St.
Helen ; and as we know that no authorized change has since taken
place, that dedication must now be accepted as the true one. How
then can we account for the feast being regulated by St. Lawrence's
day, and for the current opinion as to its dedication ? We believe
that in this tastance, as weU as in others, the patron saint was
changed at the time of the rebuUding of the church ; or, possibly, at
some time when worship (which had been suspended during wars or
tumults, or for other causes) was resumed. North Winfield church
was thus probably dedicated, in the first instance, to St. Lawrence, but
subsequently transferred to St. Helen ; though the old custom of the
* Kelly's Post Office Directory of Derbyshire says St. Leonard, but there is no
evidence whatever in support of this olgjm. The dedications, too, in this volume,
as has been already remarked, are more often -wrong than right.
t Pegge's Collections, vol. iv.
t An extract from a Brailsford pedigree, forwarded to us by the late Mr. S-wift.
2f

434 DERBYSHIRE CHUUCIIES.
wakes still continued on the day of the first patron, wlioso name has
lingered ou iu connection witii the fabric, down to the present timo.
Ee-consecration was not of iiufrequent occurrouco. Even so long
ago as the eighth c(!utui-y, it was ordered in the Aiij^-lo- Saxon Church,
that a church must be re-oonsecrated if the altar had buciu taken away,
or if the fabric had been violated by mmdcr or adult(!i-y.-* At a later
period, the causes that rendered re-consecration necessary were con
siderably extended. Nor, iu all the consccrationB of a later date, ia it
obligatory to conclude that it waa a mere riipetitiou of the ceremony.
Strange as it may seem, thia ceremony was not unfrequently omitted,
owing to the expensive episcopal fees, and from other causes. The
very first canon of the CouncU of London, held iu the year 121)7,
under Otho, tho Papal Legate, rofcrs to the dedication of churches,
stating, that, " having seen and understood that a groat many despise
or neglect thia saciod mystery, and having mot with a great many
churches, even cathedrals, which, though anciout, have not as yot
been consecrated with holy oil; to remedy this neglect we ordain that
all churches, which are oomi)letely built, shall be oongecratod within
two years," etc., etc. But eveu this stringent canon did not appear
to have produced the desired effect ; for, at a subsequent Council, held
at London, in 1268, a further cu,non ordained that a Bishop not
consecrating a church within a year of its completion, was to bo
suspended, and that he should " perform the ministry of coiinocnition
gratis, and without demanding anythhig at all (ixcept due procuration,
lest he be struck with divine vengeance, like Simoii and Gehazi."t
At the time of these consecrations, or re-consecration s, it frcfjueiitly
happened that the name of the patron saint was changed, not from
mere caprice or love of novelty, but because relics of that particular
saint were obtained for inclosure in the chief or high altar.
When St. Lawrence was deposed, as we coiicoivo to havo been the
case, from the position of chief patron of this church, it would seem
that his altar was removed to the east end of tho south aisle. The
sculpture of his martyrdom, already described, bears ua out in this
conclusion, ,'i.nd we Imow, of a certainty, from a statement of Dr.
Poggo'H, that there was a subsidiary altar to St. Lawrence, in this
church, in the year 1401. At the samo time, there were also altars
at North Winfield church to the Holy Cross, and to St. Mary ; the
former was probably placed immediately in front of the rood-Hoi-cen,
at the east end of the nave, or possibly on tho screen itself, as was
sometimes the case ; and the latter at the east end of the north aisle.
•Excerptions of T?f;bert, Archbishop of York 750. Excerpt, 14]. Wilkins' (Umr.'iiia
Magna Britannice, p. 110.
tLynwood's Conslitutiones Legalincu Othohoni, p. 83.

m^ minum.

3Gl.in6ppQ*

^out5 Minfiplb.

HE Manor of South Winfield at the time of the Domesday
Sm-vey, was held by one Eobert, under Alan, Earl of
Brittany, who himseK held it under the Ulegitimate son
of tbe Conqueror, WiUiam Peverel. We do not then read of a
church being in existence ; but mention is made of one presbyter
or priest. As we have before remarked in these pages, no injunc
tion was made upon the compilers of the Domesday Book to
enumerate the churches ; and it occasionally happens, fhroughout
the kingdom, that priests are mentioned, but no churches, as
attached to particular manors. It has generaUy been understood
that the mention of one indicates the presence of the other, but to
this ruling we cannot altogether subscribe. We faU to see why, on
the very same page of the original record, and within a few inches
of the entry of South Winfield, another manor (Markeaton) should
be described as possessing both a priest and a church, tf there was
no distinction between them. We prefer to imagine, in this instance
as weU as in many others, that the original Saxon church, con
structed in aU probabiUty merely of wood, had been destroyed in
the troublous times immediately preceding the taking of this
accurate survey, and that the priest only was left. Be this, how
ever, as it may, the first historical mention of the church of South
Winfield is in the reign of Henry II. (1154 — 1189), when it was
given by Ealph Fitz-Stephen, the King's Chamberlain, to the Abbey
of Darley.* At the same time he presented to that estabhshment
the manors of Oakerthorpe, Pentrich, and Eipley. But Blore says
that Eobert de Heriz, grandson of Eobert, the first holder of the
manor, " by deed,"without date, remized and quit claimed to God,
and the church of the Blessed Mary at Darley, and the canons,
*• Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. iii., p. 58.,

438 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
thereof serving God, his right of advowson to the chmch of
Wmnefeld, with its appurtenances and hberties in pure and perpe
tual alms, for the health of his soul, and of the souls of his wife
and his friends."* This grant was subsequentiy confirmed by his
son, Hugh Heriz. The grant, quoted by Dugdale, made by Ealph
Fitz-Stephen, probably only refers to the iaterest that he had in
the church as lord of the manor of Oakerthorpe. The church of
South Winfield is within the boundaries of Oakerthorpe.
It seems, also, as if the right to the advowson of this church
was to some extent in dispute and held in medieties ; for early tn
the fourteenth century, according to the Chartulary of Darley Abbey,
Peter de Ulkerthorpe gave to that monastery his right tn the ad
vowson of Winnefeld, with four acres, near the church.f
The church is dedicated to All Saints, and consists of a nave,
side aisles, chancel, south porch, and tower. It does not require a
second glance at this edifice to convince the observer that the main
body of the church was re-built in that most unfortunate period of
ecclesiastical taste — the Georgian era. Nor is the actual date lack
ing when the re-buUding took place. Over the entrance to the
porch are inscribed the initials " T. H. : B. B. Chm-chwardens,
1803." It is curious to note how rarely we can succeed in finding
the precise year in which our forefathers erected the exquisite
Gothic- pUes scattered so la-vishly over our land, and how still more
exceptional it is to .find any traces of the names of the founders on
the buUding itself ; they seem to have been content to raise a temple
¦without trying to perpetuate their own fame. But when, on the
contrary, the whole science of architecture had become but a
miserable travesty of the past, how seldom it is that we cannot at
once find, not only the date, but usuaUy the names of the church
wardens, in fuU length on the most conspicuous portion of tbe
structure. The chancel, however, is worthy of attention, though most sadly
disfigured. The eastern angles of the waU are supported by two
diagonal buttresses of unusual width. The east ¦window has four
large hghts, and is now square-headed and destitute of aU tracery.
It can plainly be seen, from the exterior, that this was not its
original condition, and that the upper portion has been fiUed at
one time -with tracery of the Decorated period. This has been
* Blore's History of the Manor of South Winfield (1816), p. 16.
t Cole's Collections, Add. MSS. 5,822, f. 150. As to the different Chartularies of
Darley Abbey, see the account of Scarcliffe church.

SOUTH -^VIXFIELD. 439
destroyed at the time that the roof of the chancel was lowered to
its present low pitch. The same remark holds good of the two
windows of similar construction on the south side. Here, too, is
the priest's door with an ogee-shaped head. The hood-moiddino-
above it terminates on one side in a head, and on the other in a
smaU rudely-earved human figure of most quaint aspect. We
should place the date of this chancel in the latter part of Edward
m.'s reign, circa 1360. At this time, probably, the rest of the
church was of Norman construction ; but in the next century, every
thing except the chancel was cleared away, to admit of a structure
of the Perpendicular period. Of this, on an external view, only the
tower now remains ; but there are traces at the west end, of each side
aisle, which conclusively prove that the same stvle was carried on
throughout the body of the church.
About the year 1441, Ealph, Lord CromweU, acquired by com
promise, after a lengthy lawsuit, the manor of South Wiufield. He
was a man of great importance in the kingdom, and, amongst
other high ofiiees, held the very lucrative one of Treasurer of the
Exchequer under Henry VI. To liim is attributed the building of
the manor house at South Winfield, as weU as the castle of Tatters-
haU, Liacolnshire, and the church at the same place^
Nor can there be much doubt that he was the rebuUder of the
tower and body of this church. The tower exactly corresponds
hi style with the time at which he was lord of tbi; manor. It
has an embattled parapet and four crocketed pinnacles, whilst an
equal number of gurgoyles have served as waterspouts, though
the one on the south side has been broken off. The west -window
is a &fr sample of the Perpendicular period. The tower is sup
ported at its angles by diagonaUy placed butfr-esses, which are
carried almost to the top, in stages successively reduced in their
projection. On the sloping surface of the first set-off dividing the
stages of the buttress, at the south-west angle, is fixed a small
upright shield. The action of the weather has deprived it of almost
all distinctive carving, but the lines stiU left on its sm-face, seem to
point to the arms of the CromweU fanuly. The north-west buttress has
two smaU shields in a like position side by side, but they are now
quite blank. This disposition of shields on buttresses is singular ;
we have only noticed it in one other tastance, viz., on the tower
of the ahnost adjacent parish of South Normanton. But the sup
position that Ealph, Lord CromweU, was the buUder of the present
tower, and the former body of the chmch, is strongly confirmed by

440 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
certain notes descriptive of this church which were written in the
year 1770, by Mr. Eeynolds.* He says that in each of the two
east windows of the side aisles there was ' ' an escutcheon contain
ing two coats quarterly. Ffrst and fourth, argent, a chief gules, and
bendlet azure (Cromwell) ; second and third, cheque or and azure, a
chief ermine (Tatteshall)." It is almost needless to say that these
escutcheons disappeared when the present hideous roundheaded
windows were put tn, about tbfrty years later. He further speaks
of the appearance of two chantries at the end of the aisles; that
in the south aisle occupied by the Winfield manor pew, "raUed up
to the top of the aisles," and that in the north by the pew of the
Strelleys, of Oakerthorpe, bearing thefr coat of arms and motto.
The pews appropriated to these two lordships stUl occupy the same
positions tn the new aisles. Though the outer walls and windows
of the aisles seem to have been entirely renewed in 1803, the five
potated arches, supported on plain circular pUlars, which separate
them on each side from the nave, were retained.
Inside the chancel, in the south waU, may be noticed a handsome
piscina with a double drain. The niche has a trefoU head, and is
surrounded with good crocketed carvtag of the Decorated period,
though it is much choked up with plaster and whitewash. On the
opposite side is a plain square recess that served for an almery.
In the floor immediately below the piscina is a flagstone, which is
worthy of a moment's attention. It is of considerable size, and
divided as it were into three parts by horizontal lines. In the
uppermost division is incised a rude representation of a cross bow;t
in the centre one are the initials 0. M. A., and the date 1634;
whUst hi the lower one is the foUowing inscription, " Mary TopUs,
. died August 18th, 1760, aged 61 years." The same stone has thus
been utilized to commemorate tliree separate interments. In the
centre of the chancel is another large slab, inscribed as foUows,
" Here Ueth the body of Mr. Peter Cotes, late Vicar of South Wing
field, who departed this life the 26th of January, 1675, being 81 years
of age." On the vvaUs are various modern monuments to the Haltons
and others, which do not come vrithin the province of these notes.
But the chancel should not be left, without obsei-ving one of the old
funeral garlands suspended from a beam in the south-west corner.
These garlands were formerly carried before the funeral procession of
»Add. MSS., 6,701.
¦|- This is, we beUeve, a unique instance of a cross-bow incised on a tomb. Cutts,
in his Manual of Sepulchral Slabs, p. 41, says, "that a cross-bow bas not yet been
niet with."

SOUTH WINFIELD. 441
maidens, and subsequently suspended in the church. This beautiful
custom lingered longer in Derbyshire than tn any other part of the
country ; but we are not aware of any other instance in the county,
except that of Ashford-in-the- Water, where one is stUl preserved in
its original position in the church. This garland is decorated with
rosettes and other ornaments of white paper, and is formed of a
broad hoop of wood, to which the segments of two other hoops are
attached, crossing each other at right angles at the top and formtag
tbe upper part. Miss Seward, writing a description of the vUlage of
Eyam at the end of the last century, says : —
"Now the low beams with paper garlands hung.
In memory of some -viUage youth or maid.
Draw the soft tear from thriUed remembrance sprung ;
How oft my chUdhood marked that tribute paid.
The gloves suspended by the garland's side.
White as its snowy flowers -with ribband tied ;
Dear -viUage ! long may these -wreaths funereal spread —
Simple memorials of the early dead."
And yet Eyam and many another Derbyshfre church has lost aU
trace of these " simple memorials." May the one at South Winfield
he rehgiously preserved ! *
A miserable pretence of a font finds a prominent place at the west
end of the church, but the original one hes in the churchyard to the
north of the tower. It is of simple massive character, and lacks a base.
It is of a cfrcular shape, one foot niue inches high, and two feet nine
inches in diameter. The inside of the basin is of corresponding size
and depth. In the rfrn are the staple holes by which the cover was
fastened do-wn. There can be no doubt of its Norman origin, and its
* On reading this notice of the funeral garland at South Winfield, Mr. J. B. Eobin
son -wrote to the Derbyshire Times, giving a description of the unfortunate person in
whose memory it hung. " This funeral garland, as was customary at the time, was
carried at the funeral of Ann Kendall, who died on the 14th of May, 1745. She was
a daughter of Peter and Mary KendaU, of the Peacock Inn, a noted Hostelry in the
parish, well known to traveUers on the road from Derby to Sheffield in the old
coaching days, the change of horses being made here after leaving Belper or Chester
field, as the case might be. Mr. Kendall was a man much respected in the parish,
and held the of&ce of churchwarden. Miss KendaU is said to have been a lady of
great personal attractions ; it is also stated that she used to dress in the then
fashionable style, ¦with a hoop dress, which was so large, that she had to turn
sideways to pass through the doorway when she went to church. It appears that a
young farmer, residing in the same parish, who shaU be nameless, paid his addresses
to her, and was received as a suitor. All went right for some time, until at last
came the old story, ' she loved him not wisely but too well ; ' the result "n-as the birth
of a daughter, and his refusal to marry her. This preyed so upon her mind that
eventually she died broken-hearted. Before her death, by her own desire, the 109th
Psalm was read to her, and this is stiU known in the -village as Miss Kendall's Psalm.
It is also said, that her seducer was shortly afterwards passing the churchyard, and
the beUs commenced tolling, which so startled his horse, that it stumbled and threw
its rider, whose neck was broken by the faU. The famUies of both the seducer and
the seduced are now extinct in the parish, but the facts arestUl remembered by
many of the old inhabitants. For my o-wn part, I have a great desire that the old
garland should remain undisturbed. To my knowledge, there has been one attempt
made to remove it, money having been offered for its purchase, but I am glad to say
it was rejected,"

442 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
very plainness points to an early period of that style. Here, then, we
have exposed in a churchyard a Christian memorial of greater
antiquity, by several centuries, than any portion of the now existing
church. This treatment of our old fonts, on which we have afready
had occasion to remark, is to our mind almost incredible. The great
sceptical poet, Byron, could write : —
" Even the faintest reUos of a shrine
Of any worship wake some thoughts divine."
And how is it that the reverence of Churchmen of the present day is
not roused, by -witnessing the studied neglect so often shown to the
font, in which whole generations of their forefathers were for centuries
dedicated to the service of God, at a time when England possessed,
but one common faith ? J£ this rude bowl is not to be again put
into actual use, may we not plead for it a resting-place within the
church, where it may be preserved fr-om utter decay ?
A hea-vy west gallery blocks up the handsome archway into tbe
tower. The capitals of the jambs of this arch are ornamented -with
several small shields, which may probably be stUl charged with coats
of arms, though now obhterated with plaster and whitewash. There
seem, too, to be traces, of the original colouring of this archway, in
places where the plaster has peeled off.
The tower contains a peal of six bells, two of the seventeenth
century, and they are inscribed as follows : —
I. John Hatton caused this ring of bells to be cast, 1693.
II. Jesus bee our speede, 1693.
III. IHS. Nazaren rex Judeorum fill Dei miserere, 1693.
IV. God save his Church, 1731.
V. Gloria Deo in Excelsis. Johannes Hatton, dona-rit, 1736.
VI. God save his Church. Anno Dom. 1847.
In the churchyard are two sepulchral stones, which should not
escape remark. Eeynolds, in his notes, to which we have alluded
above, speaks of three remarkable gravestones to the east of the
chancel. One, which he describes as the lid of a coffin, we'faUed to
discover, and conclude that it has been broken up or buried since his
visit. One of the others is a slightly coped slab, about six feet in
length, which narrows towards the foot. It has formerly borne a
plain cross in rehef, the stem being formed by the ridge of the
coping, but it is now nearly flat. This we consider to be of tbe
thirteenth century. The second slab is of much the same size, but
has sculptured on its surface, in high relief, a full length effigy of a
knight. The head has no helmet, but appears to wear a coif of maU,

SOUTH WINFIELD. 443
whilst the body is clad in a maU hauberk. The hands are folded on
the breast. The feet and lower part of the legs are broken off, but
the legs have been crossed about the knee. This is also of the
thirteenth century, probably about the middle, or perhaps somewhat
earlier. Eeynolds conjectures that both of these memorials were at
one time -within the church itself. This could scarcely have been the
case with the coped coffin lid, but the efiigy must undoubtedly have
been intended to be placed beneath a roof. Might it not again find
shelter ; for, owing to the very close proximity of a public footpath, it
runs every chance of being in a few years completely obliterated.
When we -visited this churchyard, we failed to note the slightest
sign of an inscription on the slab bearing this efiigy ; nor could we
hear of any tradition by which to identify it. It caused us, therefore,
some little surprise, when looking over the magnificent volume of Mr.
J. J. Briggs on Derbyshire Monuments, to find that it is there
described as the effigy of John Toplis. Doubtless the artist had
some good reason for his statement, but we have not been able to
trace tbe source of his information.
Fifty years earlier than the notes of Mr. Eeynolds, was the visit
of Bassano to this church. The rood-loft was then remainmg, but
he says nothing about the chantries, and only notes in a south
window, "Arg., a bend, az., quartered with Cheeky, or and gu."*
Tbe quartering of Tateshall by Cromwell may be thus briefly ex
plained — Sfr Ealph Cromwell, son of Ealph and Amicia (sister of
Eoger Bellew), married Matilda, the daughter of John Bernake,
sister and hefr to her brother WiUiam ; this John Bemake was son
and hefr of Sfr W. Bernake and Alice, sister and heir of Eobert de
TatesbaU.f By this marriage the CromweUs gained the manor of
Tateshall (or Tatershall) in Lincolnshire.
The church of South Winfeld (Suthwjmefeld) is entered in the
Taxation EoU of 1291 as an "ecclesia" worth £6 13s. 4d. per
annum, and not as a vicarage, sho-wing that at that time the living
was not appropriated to the Abbey of Darley, but merely in its
gift. But the tithes were soon afterwards made over to the Abbey,
and the vicarage of South Winfield was simply endowed with the
whole of the obventions, ¦without tithes of any description. But the
tithes of garbs, hay, wool, and lambs had been made over to the
ricarage before -the Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII. was taken,
so that in point of endowment it very nearly resembled a rectory,
* These are the right tinctures ; Eeynolds must have misread them.
fAdd. MSS. 6668, f. 935.

444 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
nothing but the glebe land being retained by the monastery. The
foUowing is the entry from that relative to South Winfield : —
SOUTHWTNPBLD VICAEIA.
Abbas Monasterii Beate Marie de Darley Patronus.
Dominus Eichardus Eeve "Vicarius ibidem habet communibus annis nt sequitur.
In primis in mansione cum pertinencUs
Item in decimis garbarum et feni
Item in decimis lane et agneUorum -
Item iu decimis minutis
Item in oblationibus
Item in pasohaU rotulo

The same return, under the head of Spiritualities pertaining to
Darley Abbey, groups the churches of Mackworth, Crich, and South
Winfield together, valuing them collectively at £47 17s. 7d.
The Parhamentary Commission of 1650 estimated the annual value
of. this living at £55, "Mr. Peeter Coates, present incumbent, an
honest able man."

£ s.

d.

s

vj xl
xxx xvj

¦viij

xvij

iiij

¦s-Tiij

iiij

Summa

vi xiij

iiij

Decima inde

xiij

iiij

LINBERY. 445

^fft €^Kptlv^ of %inbtvy:.

HE manor-house of South Winfield was not erected on its
present site, tiU the days of Ealph Lord Cromwell, in the
reign of Henry VI. Previous to that time, the chief
manor-house was on the other side of the valley. John de Heriz,
the grandson of Eoger who gave the church to the Abbey of Darley,
obtained leave from the Lord Abbot and Convent, for himself and
his hefrs to have divine service performed in thefr chapel of Liu-
bery, " sa-ving all right of jurisdiction of the church of Winnefeld,
in confessions, obventions, and all profits to the parish church of
Winnefeld, belonging as well of me and my heirs, as of all my
famUy and household, by a chaplain at the costs of me and my
heirs in aU things to be and sustained. And know ye, that I the
said John, tn the beginning of this grant, have faithfuUy promised
vrith my corporal oath thereupon taken, that if anything shall be
celebrated in the" chapel of Linbery, in any wise to the hurt of the
jurisdiction of the mother church of Winnefeld, it shall be seen
unto, and that if I shaU retain any chaplain yearly vrith me, him
wiU I present to the Abbot of Darley, to whom the said Abbot shaU
mhiister a corporal oath for the indemnity of the mother church of
Winnefeld ; truly tf any ¦wise it shall happen the said church to be
hurt by the said chantery, it shaU be lawful for the Abbot to inter.
diet the said chapel untU he shall be reasonably satisfied by me,
or by my hefrs, all appeals ceasing."* There is no date to this
declaration, but John de Heriz, the founder of this chapel, held
the manor in the reign of Henry III. (1216-1272). He died some
time prior to the 30 Henry IIL, leaving his wife Sarah surviving,
who subsequently married a celebrated itinerant justice, JoUan de
NeviUe. *Add. MSS. 6697, f. 165. Topographer (1789), vol. i., p. 570.

446 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
This chapel was situated near to tlie old manor-house, not many
paces from the Peacock Inn. There wore somo slight remains of
this chapel left iu the year 1761, but it seems probable that Lin
bery Chapel was suffered to fall into dooiiy after the completion of
the fine uew manor-house of Ealph Loril CronnveU. There was a
chapel to this hitter manor-house, whieh was probably !i detached
buUding at tiio north-east angle, but the traces of it now estnnt
are few aud uncertain."*
*"Commencuig at the N.E. aup-lo. oast of tbe Oi-ypt. are to be observed Iho ruiu.-iof
the waUs, now some seven or eight feel higli (Plate t,l. possibly forming tbo \V, ond
of the chapel. It is stated, ou voi-y reliablo authority, tliat stiU t'Hrtlior e.'ist tho
foundatious of other -^-aUs exist, which were brought to lij^ht soiuo >-oju-s Oi^o, hut
liave since boon cnvorod over again." South WinTu Id Manor, hy Edmund B, Fonioy.
But iu Plato I. of Blore's South Wiufirld (wliich is .-i N.W. view from au old paiutiu:;)
there appears a building ou the site supposed to be ih.it of tho ohapol. tliat certainly
is not a chapel, if it is correctly rendered. .V more modern buildmg may, however,
have been then in existence on its foundation. C;u-oful oxcivation might sottlo tihe
vexed question.

%ngpFtnoFfg.

ingppiAorf^.

^IHEEE was a chapel at Wingerworth about the year 1100,
for it was at the commencement of the twelfth century,
that William Eufus appropriated the chm-ch of Chester
field, with its two dependent chapelries — Wingerworth and Bramp
ton — to the deanery of Lincoln. The Dean for many centuries
held tbe rectorial tithes of Wingerworth, and also had the exclusive
appointment of the Chaplain. Pilkington is mistaken when he says
that Henry de Brailsford possessed the advowson of this church or
chapel in the twenty-fifth year of Edward I.,-* for on referring to
the Inquisition, taken at that date, of the lands of Edmund, Earl
of Lancaster, we find that BraUsford held under him the manor
and church of BraUsford, and the church of Dronfield, but the
manors only, of Unston and Wingerworth. t
The Brailsfords held this manor as eai-ly as the reign of Henry
II. It subsequently passed to the Curzons, by whom it was sold
in the reign of Henry VIII. to Nicholas Hunloke, an extensive
landowner in the counties of Middlesex and Nottingham, in whose
famUy it has remained to the present day.
Tbe foUo-wing letter, relative to this manor, was addressed to
Dr. Pegge, by Sir Henry Hunloke, December 29th, 1757 : —
" Wingerworth manor was first in the famUy of Brailsford, whose
only daughter married Basset, of Drayton. He had three daughters
by- her, the eldest married Shirley,J ancestor of Lord Ferrers, and
had as her portion Brailsford ; the second married Curzon, of
Kedleston, and had the manor of Wingerworth ; the third married
Kniveton, and had the manors of Mercaston and Bradley. These
•PUkington's History of Derbyshire, vol. ii., p. 328.
tluq. post Mort., 25 Bdw. I., No. 51. Henry de Brailsford obtained a grant of free
warren ou this manorflve years later (Calend. Eot. Chart., 30 Bdw. I., No. 30), which
was confirmed to his descendant Ealph de Brailsford in the reigu of Bdw. III. (Quo
Warranto Eolls, i Bdw. III.)
J Stemmata Shirleiaiia, p. 83.
2g

450 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
marriages took place in the reign of Henry IV. Wingerworth re
mained with the Curzons till 1582, when Francis Curzon and
John Curzon sold it to Sfr Henry Hunloke, my grandfather's great
grandfather."*
~ There is but little information to be gleaned respecting the
history of this chapel. In the year 1253, one Eobert was " capel
lanus de Wyngerworth," when he was a witness to the re-dedica
tion charter of Brampton. t
At a later date, various disputes arose as to the nature of its
dependency on the vicarage of Chesterfield ; and it appears from a
memorandum, at the end of the first volume of the Chesterfield
registers, that, during the incumbency of Eev. M. Waddington, in
the reign of Charles I., the inhabitants of Wingerworth attended
Di-vine Worship, received the Sacrament, were baptized, and bm-ied
at thefr o-wn chapel; but that the Dean of Lincoln, as lord of the
rectorial manor, received aU the tithes and emoluments of Winger
worth, without any deduction. Neither the Taxation EoU of 1291,
nor the Valor Ecclesiasticus, contain any independent account of
the benefice of Wingerworth.
When Parliament ordered a survey of the livings in 1650, it
was reported that '' Wingerworth is a parochial chappell in parish
of Chesterfield. Sir E. Leech hath the impropriation and is to
finde a minister ; butt it is thought fitt that the chappell should be
disused, and that the said Wingerworth, with the part of Swath-
wick on the north side of Wingerworth, should be united to Ches
terfield, except all those houses and grounds now members of
Wyngerworth lying on the south-west of Wingerworth Moore, the
which are thought to be united to Ashover.";}:
The Liber Regis is silent as to the dedication of this church,
and modern Dfrectories, with thefr usual caprice, attribute it to
(1) AU Safrits, (2) St. Michael, and (3) St. Mary. We beheve
that the first of these conjectures is the right one, as the feast is
* Pegge's Collections, vol. vii., p. 181. Dr. Pegge, the Derbyshire antiquary, was
an eminent pluralist, and held the perpetual curacy of Wingerworth from 1765 to
the time of his death. He was presented to it by the Hon. James Yorke, who was
then Dean of Lincoln, and appears to have spent much of his time at Wingerworth,
as he was on intimate terms -with Sir Henry Hunloke. It is therefore only natural
to find considerable references to Wingerworth, amongst his voluminous manuscript
collections at the College of Arms. These are chiefly to be found in vol. U., which
is arranged alphabeticaUy, and in vols. v. and vU. Amongst tbe more trifling of
these entries may be noted one made on Trinity Sunday, 1765, when the Doctor ad
ministered the Sacrament at Wingerworth to "8 communicants, self and clerke," on
which occasion the coUection amounted to Is. lid. ; but on the same day in the
f oUo-wing year the alms were only Is. 7d. 1
t See the account of Brampton church, p. 109.
J ParUamentary Survey of Livings (Lambeth MSS,), vol. vi., p. 457.

WINGERWORTH'. 451
regulated by AU Saints' Day (November Ist), though Dr. Pegge,
a century ago, considered it ruled by the Festival of St. Simon
and St. Jude (October 28tb). But, in another place, he admits
that the dedication is probably to All Saints.
The church consists of a nave, chancel, north aisle, and tower
at the west end. From the general aspect of the exterior, no idea
could be gained of the real age of many parts of tbe buUding.
We enter the chmch on the south side, by a shaUow porch — a
modern addition — wliich serves to conceal and also preserve a
round-headed Norman doorway. The jambs of this doorway are
ornamented with single shafts, almost isolated from the rest of the
stone work. The capitals are fiuted, and further ornamented with
a narrow peUet moulding. The north aisle is separated from the
nave by three semi-circular arches, supported on two massive round
pillars. The capitals of these pillars seem to be very plain, but
they are defaced with so many layers of whitewash, that a proper
cleaning (such as that which the doorway has undergone) might
reveal further carvings. The archway leading into the chancel is
also of the Early Norman period. Considering its position, the
height of this archway is very moderate — it does not exceed eight
feet. The jambs are somewhat out of the perpendicular, and thefr
capitals are plain, though here again there is much super-incum
bent whitewash and plaster. These details afford abundant proof
of the very early date at which a church was first built in tbis
situation ; they cannot be later than the commencement of the
twelfth century.
Of the succeeding style, the Early English, traces are stUl to
be found tn the chancel. In its southern wall are three small
lancet windows. They are quite destitute of ornament, and their
dimensions are about four-aud-a-half feet, by ten inches ; they are
early in the style, probably in the reign of the first Eichard (1189-
1199), and they appear to be the only features of the church which
carry us back to that period of ecclesiastical architecture. When
the church was repafred, some thirty years ago, these -windows were
happily preserved, although much of the chancel was then pulled
down. The pointed doorway, however, which was then introduced
between these windows, is by no means an improvement, as it cor
responds with no other feature of the church, except the coeval
porch. The fabric, moreover, does not possess any details that can pro
perly be attributed to the Decorated style — a style which prevailed.

453 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
for the most part, during the first half of the fourteenth century.
There are, however, on the south side of the church, three windows
which belong to the early Perpendicular period, or, perhaps more
correctly, to the Transition from the Decorated to the Perpendicular
— cfrca 1380. These are all square-topped, and are deeply recessed
externaUy by about a foot from the rest of the masonry. Two of
them have only two main lights , and are of smaU dimensions, but
the thfrd is three-lighted and of about twice the size. The tracery
in the head of these -windows, though plain, is worthy of attention
from the curious in architectural details, as it is of an unusual
character. The general arrangement of the vrindows on the southern
side may also be remarked ; for, though there is no south aisle, we
find three square-topped clerestory windows. On the opposite side
of the church, are three corresponding windows over the north aisle,
which is itself lighted by three more of the same design. The
centre one of these three was added at the time when the church
was repafred, .and has taken the place of the north door, which is
now blocked up. The former outline of this door can be seen from
the exterior. The east vrindow of the chancel has also been of this
description, though it is now destitute of any tracery whatever, and
is simply divided into three lights by two straight muUions. These
windows are all rather advanced in the Perpendicular period, and
are probably about a century later than the three southern -win
dows of which we have already spoken. At this date the church
seems to have been thoroughly renovated, and all parts of the ex
terior brought into harmony. The fine embattled tower was then
buUt, and its west window, with an obtusely pointed head, is a
fair example of this period. The four potated windows of the bell-
chamber are also good, the two principal lights having ciuque-foUed
heads. To the south side, above a smaU window which gives light
to the belfry, is affixed a plain sun-dial without a motto, and bear
ing the date of 1770. On each side of the tower, below the em
battled parapet, are two gurgoyles, whieh project about a foot from
the waU. - They are all of different design, those on the west side
being the best preserved. These respectively represent the head and
shoulders of an ape and of a muzzled bear. Between these two
gurgoyles is a smaU shield, apparently uncharged.
Eev. Dr. Pegge, writing of this church, says — " Very high on the
west side of the steeple is, paley of 6 over all a bend, so it was
probably erected by the Brailsfords." This is- a curious mistake of
Dr. Pegge's ; the arms that then existed on this shield are not those

WINGERWORTH. 453
of BraUsford, but of Longford.* Sir Ealph Longford died seized of
a moiety of the manor of Wingerworth 5 Henry VIII. ; and to him,
therefore, the erection of this tower may probably be attributed.-t
The corner stones of the battlements of the tower bear obvious
traces of having formerly supported small pinnacles. These battle
ments are of considerable height, though imusuaUy thin, and the
action of the wind has so shaken them, that, at the time of our
visit, they could be swayed with a simple motion of the hand.
We may here remark that the embattled parapets are uniform
throughout the church, on the nave, the chancel, and the north
aisle. This part of the buUding is specially exposed to the action
of the weather and the wear of time, and it is therefore frequently
found to be the newest part of any ancient structure. Looking
do-wn upon the roof of this church, from the summit of the tower,
it is apparent to the practised eye that this has been the case with
the church at Wingerworth. This is very obvious at the eastern
gable of the nave.
In the beU-chamber, buUt into the south wall, we noticed the cir
cular head of an incised cross, which has originally formed portion
of a coffin hd. This stone is about a foot square and very much
worn. Its date is quite as early as the oldest part of the cliurch.
The church builders of the Perpendicular period appear to have been
very ruthless in thefr selection of material, provided it was suited
to their purpose. We are conrinced that a more careful inspection
of the inner masonry of our oldest churches, especially of towers,
would result in the discovery of a large number of these interest
ing memorials, which have hitherto escaped notice.
The detaUs of the interior of this church are not devoid of in
terest. Prominent among them is the rood-loft. Not only is the
staircase and doorway up to the rood-loft remaining, as is the case
in so many of our ancient churches, but the acfual structure upon
which the rood was raised is still preserved. This is of wood, and
projects about two feet from the face of the waU, immediately above
the low archway into the chancel, to which we have already dra^wn
attention. The front of the woodwork is divided iuto panels, orna
mented at the points of intersection with boldly carved roses, four-
leaved fiowers, and other devices. From the grooves, that are to be
seen in the upper side of the front joist of the loft, it is evident
that it has been originaUy protected in front by a raUihg. From
* The Longford arms are. Paly of six, or and gu., over all a bend, arg.
t Thoroton's Nottinghamshire, p. 344.

454 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
this cfrcumstance it would seem probable that this gallery was used
by the minstrels, as well as for the support of the rood and its
accompanying images. The steps from the rood-loft terminate
several feet from the groraaid, and it is not unlikely that they led,
as was sometimes the case, into the old pulpit. There are very
fe-w instances amongst our parish churches where the rood-loft is
found over the chancel arch; but from the lowness of the arch it
was tn this case a necessity. This loft is of the Perpendicular style,
and was evidently put up at the time when the tower was buUt,
and when the church underwent so many alterations.
The oak floor of fhe belfry is ornamented ,on the under side
with bosses of similar design to the carving on the rood-loft; but
the space beneath it is imfortunately blocked up by the organ
gallery. The roof of the chancel, when that part of the church
was rebuUt, was handsomely restored, and is divided into square
panels in unison with the other woodwork, just described. The
roof of the nave is perfectly flat, being ceiled and white-washed ;
and -the general appearance of the interior of the church suffers
much in consequence. Some of the corbel stones, on which the
old roof of the nave was supported, project from the walls about
two feet -from the modern ceiling." The roof of the north aisle is
of a plain lean-to description ; and here again are seen two stone
supports of the former roof. This aisle is not much more than
six- feet in ^idth. Besides^ the windows already described, it has
also a two-light window at the east end, which now looks into a
smaU vestry — a modern addition to the north side of the chancel.
In the upper tracery of this window are some ' small fragment#| of
old glass. The design of a crown and a diamond- shaped ornament
are repeated in yeUow and white glass.
The font at the west end of the church is of an octagon shape,
and stands upon a pedestal. It is quite out of keeping with- the
rest of the church, and, it must, from the very great simUarity of
execution, have been the work of the same chisel which- suppUed
the neighbouring church of North Winfield with tha one now in
use; This one is undated, but that at North Winfield has inscribed
upon it the year 1660.
In the east wall of the chancel, three feet from the ground, pro- .
jects a small bracket. , From its shape we are inclined to think
that it is a piscina ; but its situation on the north side of the
altar almost forbids this supposition. It was impossible t.o decide
whether it was perforated (which would, of course, have settled tbe

WINGERWORTH. 455
question), as the top has been covered by an oak slab, to serve, we
suppose, for a credence table. Across the top of the east window
is a thick wooden beam, having, in the centre, a curiously carved
human face, with leaves proceeding from the corners of the mouth.
This must have, originaUy, served as the tie-beam at the east end
of a former roof of the chancel. From being painted the colour
of the waU, it, at first sight, seems to be of stone.
On the chancel floor are a large number of slabs to the memory
of the Hunloke family, but they hardly come within the scope or
object of these pages. But there is one monument of interest in
the north-eastern corner of the chancel. This is a stone effigy of
a priest laid on the floor. The figure itself is about six feet in
length. The head rests upon a plain square-cut stone, and a simUar
one supports the feet. The priest is dressed in eucharistic vestments ;
the chasuble descends in thick folds nearly to the' feet, but below
it appears the alb, which is also visible in the tightly-fitting sleeves,
whUst the coUar of the amice stands out some two inches from tbe top
of the chasuble, leaving the neck bare. The tonsure on this figure is
one proof of its early date, being a mere friage of hafr, less tha,n an
inch in vridth, encircling the head above the ears. The face is
much battered. The hands are folded on the breast in the usual
attitude of supplication ; and a chalice is carved below them. The
date of this effigy is about" the year 1,200. May it not represent
the priest of this church under whose auspices the chancel was
built in the beginning of the Early EngUsh period ?
An old memorandum book of one Arthur Mower, of Barlow, records
a burial in ,this church of which there is now no trace. His mother
died at HiU Houses, Wingerworth, on the 24th of February, 1574,
" and lyeth ta the church in the north alley at the head of the alley
on the north side, and her feet lieth as nigh of the north side of the
grysse (greece, or step) that goeth up into the Eood-loft,as may be."*
An unwarrantable liberty was taken with this church, about the
end of last century, in the annexing to it of a large mausoleum
belonging to the Hunloke family. It is attached to the north side of
the chancel,t and battlements simUar to those on the rest of the
church surmount the waUs. It has, however, much disfigured the
outhne of the church. It is entered on the north side by an iron _gate,
through which may be seen the catacombs prepared for the reception
* Add. MSS. 6671, f. 341.
t The chancel underwent a cei-taiu amount of "restoration" at the same time ; ^
bad been represented to be in a ruinous condition as long ago as 1693. (Pegge s
CoUections, vol. v., p. 183).

456 DERHV.-^HIRE CHURCHES.
of the dead. These are arranged in four tiers on each side, every
tier having five compartments. Sixteen of these receptacles are
alreadj' fiUed.
In the churchyard, opposite to the south porch, is tiie basement
stone of the old cross, having a square socket in tiie top, for its
reception, about eight inches in depth. The chm-chyard also contains
some fine yew trees.
The tower contains three beUs, one only, however, being in a
condition to be rung. This is a fiue old beU, of a particularly sweet
tone, Eoitnd the shoulder runs the folio-wing legend: "Benedictum
sit nomen I. H. S." Like many old bells it bears no date, but the
bell founder's mark is a crown, over tbe initials T.E. The inscription
is m Lombardic characters. Its brother beUs are in a sad condition,
one of them being cracked in several places right up to the shoulder,
whilst the other has actually lost a fragment from the rim, fidly six
inches in length. The story runs, that " many yeius ago," an idiot
obtained admission to this beU-chamber, and being anxious, of his
o-wn unaided self, to produce music from all three bells at once, took
with him a sledge hammer. Two yielded to his blows, but the
stouter metal of the old bell happily held out untU he was removed.
One of these bells is thus inscribed : " Hsec campana sacra fiat
Trinitate beata, J. B., J. D., C. wai-dens, 1678, H. V." The third
has the same date and repeats the initials of the churchwardens,
but bears a longer legend : "IHS. Nazaren rex Judeorum fili
deoriim Dei miserere." Below this inscription is the name of
" Henry Hunloke, Bart," and a shield bearing the Hunloke arms, A:.,
a fesse between three tigers' heads erased, or, impaling Tyrwhit, gu,.,
three tirwhitts (or lapwings), or. Sir Henry Hunloke, the second
Baronet, married Catharine, only daughter and hefress of Francis
Tyrwhit, of Kettleby, by whom he had seven sons and six daughters.
He enjoyed the title sixty-seven years, and was buried at Winger
worth, January 6th, 1715.*
We must notice also in this beU-cbamber, a fourth smaU bell, about
ten inches in diameter at the mouth. This, perhaps, was the Sanctus
beU, so often mentioned in these pages. It has probably been
moved here, in post-reformation days, from its original position over
the gable at tbe east end of the nave.
* Ford's History i/f Chesterfield, p. 333

MppFnbtf.

3E6ipnia p! (Jorrigpnba.

APPENDIX.

^Ifvtton.

Page 1, hne 6, for "1087" read "1086."
Page 10, at the end of the first paragraph, add — " The Valor
Ecclesiasticus (27 Henry VIII.) gives the foUowing particulars rela
tive to this chantry : — ALFEBTON CANTAEIA.
Fundata per antecessores Johanne Fitz-wUUam Anne Meeryng et Thome Babyngton.
Dominus Eobertus White Oantarista ibidem habet ut sequitiu: annuatim. £ B. d.
In primis dicta cantaria cum pertinenciis valet per annum xx
Item cuncta tenementa et terra in Alfreton Carnethwaite et in
parochia de Pynkeston per annum vj Uij viij

Summa

DBDUCTIO.

Cancellatur quia
non debet ex-
onerari.
Cancellatur cau
sa predicta.
CanceUatur cau
sa predicta.

Unde resoluta annuatim ex ordinatione ejusdem
cantarie pro lampade continue coram Sacra
mento ibidem ardente
Item in obitu Johannis Ormonde et Johanne
uxoris ejus tercio die Octobris annuatim sa-
cerdotibuB clericis ibidem
Item resoluta pro manutentione unius cerei
ardentis coram Beata Maria ibidem pro bene-
factoribus ejusdem cantarie annuatim
Summa resoluta

Vl] 111] Vll]

XU] lU]

i"J

De claro
Decima inde

XIX 111]
-vij iii] viij
xUij V ob'q'

Page 12, line 23, after " Swanvrick" add " and to John Toplady."
Page 13, line 3 from the bottom, erase " £1 18s. 9d.," and insert
"£6 18s. 8d., of which the following are the particulars:—

460 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
ALFEETON -VICAE.'
Abbas de BeUo Capite Patronus ibidem
Dominus Johannes Davy Vicarius ibidem babet in communibus annis ut sequitur
£ s. d.
In primis in mansione cum gleba per annum x viij
Item iu oblationibus - x-viij
Item in decimis vaccarum et vitulorum xl
Item in decimis carbonum - xvUj
Item in pasohaU rotulo - ... . xl
Item in decimis minutis ut in aucis porcelUs ovis puUis Uno et pomis xij

Summa -vi xviij viij
Decima inde xiij x ob'
The same returns estimate the value of the rectory of Alfreton,
appropriated to Beauchief Abbey, at £11 10s. Od."

Page 17, at the end of the first paragraph, add — " Eobert, son of
Ealph de Eerersby, confirmed to God and the altar of the Blessed
Mary, tn the church of Ashover, for sustaining the service of the
Blessed Vfrgin in that church of AU Saints', ' unius denarii quem
recipere consuevi de Henrico de Knottinge pro omnibus tferris et
tenementis, quae idem Henricus de me et de patre meo aliquando
tenuit in soka de Essover.' There is no date to this deed, but tbe
witnesses' names show it to be of the reign of Edward I. Add.
MSS. 6669, f. 135."
Page 20, hne 13, for " Darley " read " Derby." The Abbey of St.
Helen's, Derby, was founded by Earl Ferrers, in the reign of
Stephen. In the succeeding reign, the canons removed to Darley,
where it obtained the name of the Abbey of St. Mary at Darley.
Page 25, line 6 from the bottom, for " paldictus " read " predictus."
Page 28, line 22, for " Ormund " read " Ormond."
Page 37, after paragraph three, add — " The foUowing particulars
respectiag the precise values of the Eectory and Chantry of Ash
over are taken from the Valor Ecclesiasticus, 27 Henry VIII. : —
ASSHOVEE EECTOEIA.
Thomas Eeresby Patronus ibidem
Leonardus Eeresby rector ibidem habet in commnnibus annis ut sequitur. £ o. d.
In primis in mansione et gleba - xx-vj -vuj
Item in paschali rotulo vj xuj inj
Item in decimus garbarum - -vj xiij Uij

APPENDIX. 461

Item in decimis lane et agneUorum
Item pro aucis et porcelUs per annum
Item in canabo et Une
Item in oblationibus -
Item iu deoinUs metalU plumbei

£

s.

d.

VJ

Xll] V
iij xl
XX

Ul]

Summa
5io et procuragio

xxiij

xinj xj

viij vij

De claro-
Decima inde

xxiUj uj
xlvii] ii

j
LJob'q

ASSHEOVEE CANTAEIA.
Anthonius Babyngton Miles Patronus.

£ B. d.

Dominus Eicardus Sewdale Oantarista ibidem habet in primis in
mansione - yiij
Item in terris et tenementiB in Asshovre xl
Item in terris et tenementis in ¦Whittington Ivij ij
Item de abbate de Osuey in pecunUs viij

Summa xij xvij x
Unde resoluta Abbati de BeUo Capite pro capitaU redittu vuj
Item resoluta Antonio Babington et heredibus suis ex ordinatione iiij
Item resoluta in elemosina pauperibus indigentibus de Asshovre in
dominicis quadragesimatibus ex ordinatione uj x
Item resoluta in obitu Thom Babyngton fundatoris cantarie pre
dicte domesticis indigentibus de Asshovre ex ordinatione v x
Item resoluta in die ejusdem obitus sacerdotibus clericis et pro
luminibus ex ordinatione - iiij
Item resoluta in die parascenes pauperibus indigentibus ibidem in
elemosina - Summa totalis resoluta
De claro-
D ecima inde

V

X

vij

xvj

vj

V

V]

111]

X
j ob'q.
The Chantry EoU, from which the descriptions given in the text
are taken, is (as has been explained in the preface) merely an
abstract based on the fuller retmn made in the 37th year of Henry
VIII. The Commissioners had to fiU up thefr account of the
chantries under eight heads, in answer to as many interrogatories.
These are arranged in the orighial roll (number 13) in paraUel
columns throughout. The interrogatories were as foUows : — (1) For
what purpose, when, and by whom founded; (2) the yearly value
according to the "boke of tenthes ; " (3) the yearly value as. then
462 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
surveyed, and the resolutions or deductions ; (4) whether a parish
church, or how far distant from one ; (5) whether void or not, and
if there was a mansion or other lodging ; (6) what difference, tf
any, in lands or tenements, since the 27th year of the same reign
(when the Valor Ecclesiasticus was taken) ; (7) an inventory of all
plate and ornaments ; (8) whether any chantries bad been dissolved
or sold without the king's license since the 27th year of his reign.
On referring to this roU for the account of Dethick chapel, we
find that there is an error in the condensed roU, by which 1228 is
given as the date (in the second place that it occurs), instead of 1278 ;
and this error, therefore, modifies several of the statements made
in the text. We still, however, beheve that this chapel was origi
naUy erected some years (probably about half a century) before 1 278 ;
and that the date given in the rolls is only that of the deed by
which the chantry was endowed out of the possessions of the Prior
of FeUey.
The entry from roU 13, No. 62, relative to Dethick, is here given
in fuU, so that it may be compared with the condensed form in the
text : —
" I. The ChappeU of Saynt John Baptyste hi Dethike, founded
by Jeffery Dethick and Thoms, somtyme Po' of Felleye, dyd bynde
hymeselffe and the Covent of the same place by -writyinge, under
the covent seale, to paye fiyve m'ks yereleye owte of ther landes in
Assheov"^, towards the fyndynge of p'ste to saye de-vyne s'vice for
ev', in the chappeU of Dethik, for his sowle, his ffriends sowles, and
aU Crystyan sowUes, as by the said w'tynge, dated Anno Dm
millimo CCLXXIX. to the Comission's shewed dothe appere.
" II. Ixxius. Uiic?.
" III. Ixxius. tUic?. clere, w""* Eevenuex bin imployed to tbe
lyvynge of Thrustan Palfriman, chaplyn there.
"IV. The sayd chappeU is no pisshe churche, butt itt is distaunte
from the pisshe churche of Aissheow' iii myles, for whyche cause
of distaunce, oon S' Jeffreye Detiiyke, Knyght, there inhabitinge,
dyd opteyne a lycence of the Bissoppe of Coventrye and Lychefeld
to have de^vyne s'vice and to receyve sacraments of the churche in
the same chappell for hym and his famylye as by suffycyent ¦wryt-
ynge shewed to the Comyssyon's dothe appere, w°h writinge is
dated UU"- die Ffebruarii, A- Dni MCCLXXVIII".
" V. The same is nott voyde, and the incumbent hathe a lodgynge
therto belongynge, of the yerely valewe of vis. viiid., so before
charged.

APPENDIX. 463
"VI. There hathe ben no more lends nor yerelye pfytts be-
longynye to the same sythens the tyme above lymytted more than
is byfore specyfyed.
"VII. There is neyther goods, plate, jeweUs, nor ornaments to
the same belongynge, otherwysse than is borowed of the heyrres of
the said Dethyk, to the knowledge of this said incumbente uppon
his othe.
" VIII. There hathe been no chappells nor other lyke p'mooyons
there dyssolved, purchased, or by anye other meane opteyned, w""
owght the kyngs lycence sythens the tyme abovesayd."
The Valor Ecclesiasticus, 27 Henry VIIL, gives the same total as
to the value of the chantry, at which date "Thurstanus Palffreman"
¦was also priest. The same returns credit the Priory of FeUey with
land tn Asshover parish, of the yearly value of £7 13s. Od., from
which sum 66s. 8d. (five marks) was deducted for the chantry
priest "in capeUa de Theke." The land from which tliis payment
was made had only been bestowed upon the Priory a few years
earher. Geoffrey de Langley, in the year 1268, gave to Ealph,
Prior of Felley, and the canons there serving God, all his lands at
Ashover, riz. : — Peynstonhfrst, which he had bought of Simon de
Manham, rector of the church of Ashover, and WiUiamfeld, which
he had bought of WUliam de Ufton. Stevens' Appendix to Dug
dale, vol. ii, p. 133.

Page 47, line 16, erase " (Lutchurch)."
The earlier Chantry EoU contains no fuUer particulars relative to
the chantry of Lea of sufficient frnportauce to warrant its reproduc
tion, but the foUowfrig detaUs appear in the Valor Ecclesiasticus, 27
Henry VIII. :— LEBGH JUXTA DBTHBK. £ B. a.
Dominus Humffridus Mader canterista ibidem habet decimas cum
terris adjacentibus ibidem que valent per annum - ^^
Et in capituU redditibus de terris Alsebrok ibidem ^iJ ™J
Et multura molendini ex elemosina domini de Detheke - f
Et de uno tenemento in BonsaU ~ 
Summa ^¦^ij'

464 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

BarHJorougij.
Page 60. The following are the particulars relative to this rec
tory from the Valor Ecclesiasticus, 27 Henry VIII. : —
BAELBBUEGH EECTOEIA.
Radulphus Longford Miles Patronus ibidem.
Dominus Johannes Whyte rector ibidem habet in communibus annis ut sequitur.
£ B. d.
In mansione et glebis - xx
In cotagio eidem pertinente v
In decimis garbarum et feni v
In decimis lane et agneUorum xxxj
In decimis minutis xiUj
In oblationibus - xx uij
In paschaU rotulo - xxj
In decimis molendinorum xvj

Summa x xij viij
Unde resoluta annuatim archidiacono Derbie pro scenagio et procuragio xj iij

De Claro x xvij
Decima inde xx j ob' q'

Page 73. Add to the foot note — "A paper also appeared hi the
Reliquary, April, 1867, on this Abbey, from the pen of Mr. H.
Kirke. It contains a calendar of the Abbey, giving a list of bene
factors, taken from Dugdale's MSS. in the Bodleian Library."
Page 78. At the end of the first paragraph add — " Ealph Musard,
Baron of Staveley, who died 14 Henry IIL, was also buried in
Beauchief Abbey, to which he and his father had been benefactors."
Page 78. The gap four lines from the bottom of the page has
no meaning, the words should read on.

iSctgljton.
Page 89. The following are the detaUs of the vicarage and chantry
of Beighton, from the Valor Ecclesia.^tims, 27 Henry VIIL :- -

APPENDIX. 465
BEGHTON VICAEIA.
Prior Montis Gratie Patronus ibidem.
Dominus Leonardus Lynley vicarius ibidem habet communibus annis ut sequitur.
£ s. d.
In primis mansione cum gleba et suis pertinencUs - - xxx
Item in decimis feni ^ . -r" xxx
Item in decimis lane et agnellorum . xxxiij iiij
Item in decimis minutis - - vj
Item in oblationibus et paschali rotulo xxxv
Item in decimis molendini- vuj
Summa
Unde resoluta archidiacono Derbie pro scenagio et procuragio
De claro
Decima' inde
BEGHTON CANTARIA.
Johannes Melton MUes et Georgius Lynacre Patroni ejusdem.
Dominus Eichardus Asshe oantarista £ a. d.
ibidem habet communibus annis in mansione cum pertinenciis xij
Item de certis mesuagUs et terris cum pertinenciis in Beghton in
annuaU redditu - ' v v ij

vij

ij

iiij

X

VI]

vj

xj

ix

Xll]

uq'

^ VJ 1]
Decima imie x vij ob'

BlatfetoelL
Page 93, hne 5, for " Edward IV." read " Edward III."
Page 93, to note 1, add "Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. u., p. 94."
Page 96. The Valor Ecclesiasticus, 27 Henry VIIL, gives the
foUo-wing detaUs respecting this vicarage: —
BLACK'WALL -VICAEIA.
Prior de Thurgreton Patronus.
Dominus Wilhelmus Ludlam vicarius ibidem habet in communibus annis ut sequitur.
£ s. d.
In mansione - ^
In augmeutatione de priore de Thurgreton xl
In decimis feni - ^} ^'J
In decimis agnellorum
In decimis lane
In oblationibus
In paschaU rotulo
In decimis minutis
In decimis carbonum -

2h

VI]

VJ
XI]
xij ij ob'
XJ X
iij iiij ob'
Summa
Decima inde
¦V iUj j
X V
466 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
25 0 1 SO tier.
Page 100. At the end of the first paragraph, add — At a later date
there was a fuxther change in the endo-wment of this vicarage, when
the Abbey agreed to aUow the Vicar an augmentation of 26s. 8d. per
annum. The following particulars are taken fr-om the Valor Ecclesias
ticus, 27 Henry VIII. :— BELLE SOVEB VICAEIA.
Abbas de Darley Patronus ibidem.
Dominus Eadulphus Smyth vicarius ibidem habet in communibus annis ut sequitur.
In mansione cum clausura
Item in decimis minutis-
Item in perpetua pensione de Abbate de Darley annuatim
Item in paschaU rotulo
Item iu oblationibus -

The returns of the possessions of Darley Abbey, made at the same
date, place the rectories of Pentrich, ScarcUffe, and Bolsover, under
one heading. Their united value is estimated at £91 Os. 2d. The
Abbey also paid 12d. per year for keeping a lamp burning in the
church of Bolsover " in yeme,'' i.e., " hyeme," or -winter. This seems
to prove that lamps and lights in pre-Eeformation days were not sim
ply symboUcal or ornamental, but intended to be useful in gi-ring
either light or warmth.
Page 104, line 13 from the bottom, /or " N. D." read " H. D."

£ s.

d.

V]

VllJ

XVJ

tatim
XXV] xl
VU]
xxx
Summa -
Decima inde
V xix xj
inj ^i
Btampton.
Page 116, line 6 from the bottom, for " 1547 " read " 1546."
Page 117. At the end of first paragraph add — " The following is
the entry relative to Brampton Chantry, from the Valor Ecclesiastscw,
27 Hemy VIII. :— ^BEAMPTON CANTAEIA.
Dominus Decanus Lincolneusis Patronus.
Dominus Eobertus Caskyn Oantarista ibidem habet per annum ut sequitur. ' £ s. d.
In primis camerain et unum cotagium per annum - - - -vj viij
Item in redditu annuali soluto per Georgium Comitem Salopie vel
per ejusdem deputatum - vj marcos
£
U.
d.
Summa
IUJ
VJ
VllJ
Decima ir
[de
VU]
viij "
APPENDIX. 467

CtjesUrftelir.
Page 151. The five Latin stanzas, formerly inscribed on the
pedestal of the kneelhig effigy, are copied from the Monumenta
Foljambeana in the Reliquary (No. 54). The version given by Elias
Ashmole, who risited this church on the 19th August, 1662, differs in
two particulars ; for " ffigri " tn the second stanza read "segre," and
/or " senexque " in the fifth stanza read " senexve.'' It may be as
weU to here supply a few more entries from Mr. Ashmole's Chester
field notes (Ashm. MSS. 854), instead of inserting them in each in
stance under the page to which they more particularly refer.
The Foljambe-Leake monument was then " on a marble in midst of
the chancell nere the high altar ; " and the Foljambe- Vernon monument
was under an arch next the chancel, in the chapel on the south side of
tbe altar. The sides Of the latter are described as having "men and
women embossed thereon, a man and woman at the head, 6 men and 6
women at the sides, and a man and woman at feete." So that we
may conclude that it could be then viewed all round, and was not
placed in the angle that it now occupies.
In , the south aisle were the quartered coats of Beresford and
HassaU (a bear and 3 pheons) " cut in wood on sides of 2 seates
to-wards ye west end of the church, very ancient."
At the east end of the north aisle of the chancel were several
memorials, every one of which have now disappeared ; we believe,
during the alterations of 1842-3. One of these was a brass plate
to Thomas Bretland, who died 25th December, 1648, aged 54. The
brass recorded that he gave by his last will £10 to the Corpora
tion of Chesterfield, and £10 to the poor. There is no mention of
this charity in tbe Commissioners' voluminous report on the Ches
terfield Charities, in 1827, so that we conclude the principal was
expended. Another brass was to the memory of Alderman Eichard
Taylor, who died in 1637, aged 56 ; and there were two other stones
to Alderman Eichard Milnes, who died tn 1628, and his son WiUiam,
who died in 1638. There are various monuments still extant ta the
church to the family of Milnes, but none of so early a date as those
mentioned by Mr. Ashmole.
Page 162, line 4 from the bottom, /or "DaynUe" read "Dayvile."
Page 153, hne 16, for " Plantaganet '' read Plantagenet."
Page 153, line 23, for " maschy " read " mascly."

468 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Page 156, lines 22 to 25. Erase the sentence commencing " The
celebrated," down to "in 1336." This passage contains a careless
blunder in confusing the two Anthony Becks, and it is the more inex
cusable as we have elsewhere commented on a similar error made by
Lysons. It is, however, a curious fact that not only should there have
been two Anthony Becks of the same family, who were bishops -within
so short a space of time, but that they should also each have had
brothers of the name of Thomas who were likewise bishops. Anthony
Beck, the celebrated Bishop of Durham, died in 1311, and his brother
Thomas, Bishop of St. David's in 1293. Of these two bishops there
is an account under Pleasley Church.
The second Au-thony Beck was prebend of Lincoln tn 1312, chan
cellor in 1316, and elected dean of the same diocese in 1329. In
1336 he -was appointed Bishop of Norwich. He died on the 18th
December, 1343, and was buried in his cathedral. He had been pre-
riously appointed to the bishopric of Lincoln (1320), but his election
was subsequently nulUfied by the Pope.
The second Thomas Beck, a canon of Lincoln, was appointed to the
Bishopric of Lincoln in 1340. He held the see for seven years. See
Stubbs' Registrum Sacrum Anglicanum, and Hardy's Fasti Ecclesioe
Anglicance. Page 157, line 16, for " 4 Henry " read " 4 Henry VII."
Page 158, 10 lines from the bottom, insert " III. Thoma.s, rector of
North Winfield." He was the third son of Ealph Fitzherbert ; see
the account of North Winfield Church.
Page 169. A id at the end ofthe first paragraph, this note. "The
actual words of this charter leave it doubtful whether the supper was
to be held within or without the church. At first we thought the
former supposition so unlikely that it could not be the case ; but on
looking further into the matter, we find it was no unusual thing to
hold not only the parochial ' church ales ' and ' clerk ales ' in the
church, but also the funeral banquets of private individuals. Even
so late as the last years of Henry VIII. this custom had not died ;
for, in Strype's edition of Stowe's Survey of London, we read that
" Margaret Atkinson, -widow, by her wUl, October 18th, 1544, orders
that the next Sunday after her burial there be provided two
gammons of bacon, three shoulders of mutton, and two couples of
rabbits, desfring aU the parish, as weU rich as poor, to take part
thereof, and a table to be set in the midst of the church, with everything
necessary thereto."

APPENDIX. 469

€tm^U i^ormanton.
Page 183, line 6 from the bottom. After " divorcement of Kathe
rine," add — " The Valor Ecclesiasticus, taken in the 27th year of Henry '
VIIL, estimates the property of the Knights HospitaUers, on the
manor of Normanton and lands pertaining, at the annual value of
£15 4s. 4d."

Page 193, line 2 from the bottom, for " Edward II." read " Henry
II." Mr. MitcheU makes the mistake of giving the date and place
of tbe confirmation charter of Henry II. to Edward II. , who in re
confirmation quotes in fuU the charter of his predecessor. The actual
•words of Henry II. relative to Clown are — "Donationem etiam, con-
cessionem, et confirmationem quas Eobertus de MenniU, filius Gilberti
del MenniU, et Eobertus fiUus ejus fecerunt prsefatis Canonicis de
Ecclesia omnium sanctorum de Cluna, et de toto jure suo, quod in
eadem Ecclesia habuerunt, in puram Uberam et perpetuam elemosi-
nam, etc. etc. confirmamiis." Dugdale's Monasticon, vol. U., p. 56.

^vontitltt.
Page 206, line 1 of footnote, /or "Holmersfield" roac? " Holmes
field." Page 212, line 5, after " 37 Hemy VIIL," add this note—" The
chantry roll taken 37 Henry VIII. is the original one, upon which
is based the more condensed form quoted on the previous page.''

^cUtngton.
Page 225, line 17, after " of his household " add the foUovring —
" But the rectory of Eckington had been apparently divided into two,
or at aU events held at the same time by two priests, at a much

470 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
earher date; ior Ealph and John, 'Person® de Ekinton,' were both
of them vritnesses to a charter of Ealph Musard's of the reign of
Henry III, Nichols' Collectanea, vol. iv., p. 16."
Page 227. To second foot note add — " Sir Peter FrecheviUe, by
his wUl, dated 16th March, 1632, left his lands at Eckington (mter
alia) to his son John. Hari.' MSS. 7602."
Page 228, hne 22, for " John " read " Joseph."

Page 235. To fii-st foot note add — "Dugdale's Monasticon, vol ii,
p. 92."
Page 237. At the end of first paragraph, a<fd — "The Valor Ecclesia
astious further credits the priory of Thurgarton with 66s. 8d., as the
annual value of the rectory of Elmton."

?^ault l^ttcJtnalL
Page 241, second foot note. We have here thought it weU to re
produce two of these Inquisitions, together -with the preceding royal
writs, as speeimens of the documents that we have so freely con
sulted, and from which we have so frequently quoted throughout
these pages. They are given verbatim, vrith aU the contractions,
precisely as they appear in the original documents at the Pubhc
Eecord Office. INQUISITION 2"* BD-V7AED 3 (2"'> ms) N". 115.
(WEIT.)
Edwabdus Dei gra Eex Angl Dns Hibn t Dux Aquif dUco sibi Simoni de Grimnesby
Escaetori suo cit^ Trentam saltm Mandam' vob qd p sacrm pbor'& leg hoim de ballia
vra p quos rei Veritas meUus sciri pot'it dUigent inquiratis si sit ad dampnu vel p'jud
. . . aut aUor" si concedam' Eog'o le Sauuage qd ipe de manerio suo de Steynesby
cu ptin quod de nob tenet', in capite -vt dicit' feoffare possit GaUridu de Langholt
capeUanu h'end t tenend sibi & heredibs suis de nob & heredibs nris p s'uicia inde
debita & consueta inppetuu t eidem GaUrido qd ipe hita inde plena Sc pacifica seisina
ref eoffare possit p*dcm Eog'um & IsabeUam vxem eius de man'io p'dco cu ptin Lend t
tenend eisdm Eog'o & Isabelle & heredibs de corporibs ipor' Eog*i & Isabelle exeuntibs
de nob t heredibs ni-ia p s'uicia p'dca imppetuu Ita qd si p'dci Eog'us & Isabella

APPENDIX. 471
obierint sine herede de corpore suo exeunti tuo man'iii p'dom cu ptin remaneat rectis
heredibs ipius Eog'i tenend de nob t heredibs nris p s'uicia p'dca inppetuu nee ne Et
si sit ad dampnu vel p'iudiciu nrm aut alior' tunc ad quod dampnu & quod p'iudiciu
niia Ss ad quod dampnu & quod p'iudiciu alior' & quor' & qualit & quo mode et si
p'dcin man'iu tenet"^ de nobis iu capite vt p'dom est an de alio et si de nob tunc p quod
B'moiu t quaUt & quo modo et si de alio tunc de quo vel de quibs & p quod s'uiciu &
quaUt & quo modo et qutu p'dcni man'iu valeat p annu in omibs exitib^ iuxta veru
valore eiusdem et si que t're seu ten eidem Eog'o remaneant vlt". man'iu p'dom tunc
que t're & que ten t vbi t de quo vel de quibs teneant' vtru videlicit de nob an de aUo
et si de nob tunc p quod s'uiciu t qualit' & quo modo et si de aUo tunc de quo vel de
quibs & p quod s'uiciu & qualit t quo modo & qiitu valeant' p annu iu omibs exitibs
Et inquisicoein inde distincte & apte fcam nobis sub sigillo vro & sigillis eor' p quos
fcii fu'it sine dUone mittatis & hoc bre — T me ipo apud Eley xxvj. die Januar anno
r. n. sodo. (INQUISITION.)
INQS capt ap* Cestrfeld cora Simone de Grymesby Escaetore Dni Eeg cit Trentam die
Sabb px. p'. fm Pur be Mar anno r. "R.'B. t' cij p'. conqst scdo sodm tenore bris Dni
E. huic Inquis consut p scmet Eobti le Sauvage del Heeth Henr le Harp de Oulcotes
¦Willi Beu'eg de Sutton Ade de Pleseleye de eadm Eobti le Deyoe de eadm Henr filii
Albred del Heeth Eobti ^Wyburgh Henr fil Eobti, Eobti de Braylisford iunioria Eobti
de Calale Eobti filAlot et Eobti de BrayUsford senioris jur 2'. dicut p saometum suu
nd no e' ad dampnii n". p'iudm Dm E aut alior' sij[dm Dns Eex cocedat Eog'o le
Saauuage qd ipe de Man'o suo de Steynesby ou ]Dtin quod de Duo E. tenef^ in oapit
feoffar possit Galtr de Langholt capelm find t tened s' & bed suis de Duo E. t bed
suis p s'ulc inde debit t cosuet ippem et eidm Galfro qd ipe hita inde plena & pacifica
seisTa refeofai- possit p'dcm Eog Ss Isabella v~x eius de Man'io p'dco cu ptin hnd t tened
eisdm Eog'o & Isabelle t bed de corpibs ip"or' Eog'i & IsabeU exeunt ne Dlio E. & hed
suis p a'uic inde debit & cosuet inppet Ita qd si p'dci Eog's t Is^ obierint sn fied de
corpe suo exeunt tuc man'u p'dcm cu ptin remaneat rectis fiedipi' Eog'i tenend de
Dno E. & bed suis p s'uio pdca inppet. Itm diciTt qd man'iu p'dcm tenef de Duo E.
iu capit p s'uic reddend p aunu'vnii espuarsoriTad Seem Dni E. ad fm Sm Michis p oi
B'uicio et valet p annu in oTbs exit iuiTveru valore eiusdm_X" Dicut t qd man'ium do
GeinscheU in Com Essex remanet eidm Eog'o vltra man'iujj'dcm quod tenet^- de_-WiUo
de Brewes p s'uio vni'. feed mllit t valet p annu m oibs exit XXD. In cui' rei test p'dcj
iur sigiil sua appos. INQUISITION S'H EIC. 2. N". 44.
(¦WEIT.)
EiOAKDUS Dei gi-a Eex Angl & Franc & Dn"s_Hibn diloo sibi 'Thome Staunton
Escaetori suo m Com Derb saltm p'reoipim' tibi qd p saci-mpbor' Ss leghoun deballiua
tua p quos rei Vitas melius sciri pot'it dUigent 'inquiras si sit ad dampnu vel p'iudiciu
nraaut aUor' si concedam' lohi Sauage seniori qd ipe de man'io suo_de_ Stanesby qd
de nob tenet' in capite vt dicit' feofar6j>ossit Johem MorseU Capelanu hend t tenend
sibi & herea sms de nob & heredibs nris p s'uicia mde debita & consueta mippetuu et
eidem Johi MorseU qd iJe hita inde plena & pacifica seisina dare possit & ooncedere
p'dcS man'iu-cuptUlp'fato Jobi Sauage & Margaret^ vx'i eius hend & teuend_eisdem
Johi Sauage & Margareto & heredibs quos idem Johes Saua_ge de corpore ipius Mar.
gaa-ete p'creau'it de nob Ss heredibs nrisp s'uicia p'dca imppm Ita qd si eadem Mar-

472 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
gareta sine herede de corpore suo p p'fatu Johem Sauage pcreato obierit tunc p'dcm
man'iu ou ptin heredibs de corpore ipius Jofiis Sauage exeuntibs remaneat Tenend de
nob Ss heredibs nris p s'uicia p'dca imppetuu Bt si idem Johes Sauage sine herede de
corpore suo exeunte obierit tunc p'dom man'ili cu ptin Eobto Sauage juniori & heredibs
de corpore suo exeuntibs remaneat tenend de noli & hered nns p s'uicia p'dca imppm
Et si idem Eobtus sine herede de corpore suo exeunte obierit tunc idem man'iu cu
ptin rectis heredibs ipius Johis Sauage remaneat imppetuu tenend de nob Ss bered nris
p s'uicia p'dca imppm nee ne et si sit ad dampnu vel, p'iudiciu nrm aUt aUor' tunc ad
quod dampnum & qd p'iudiciu nrm Ss ad qd dampnu & qd p'iudiciu aUor' & quox t
quaUt & quomodo et si man'iu p'dcm teneaf de nob in capite ut p'dom est an de alio
et si de nob tunc p qd s'uiciu Ss quaUt Ss quo modo Ss qntum man'iu p'dcm valeat p
annu in omibs exit iuxta veru valorem eiusdm et si que t're seu ten eidem Johi Sauage
remaneant vltra man'iu p'dcm tunc que t're & ten & vbi Ss de quo vel de quibs teneant'
vtru -videlt de nob an de alio et si de nob tunc p quod s'uiciu & quaUt & quo modo &
quantu val p annu in omibs exit iuxta veru valore eor'dem Bt inquisicoem inde
distincte Ss apte fcam nob sub sigillo tuo & sigiUa eox quos fca fu'it sine dilone mittas
hoc bre J. me ipo apud -Westm SX die Octobr anno r. n. octa-vo.
(INQUISITION.)
Inquis' capt apud Chestrefeld coram Thoma de Staunton Esc Dni Eegis in Com
Derb die Lune sexto die Novembr anno regni Regis Eici sc^i post conquestu octauo
virtute bris Dni Eegis eidm Esc direct Ss huic Inquis consut p sacrm Johis Fraunceys
de Hertestofte "WilU Fraunceys de eadm Benedict! TaUo' de ead Johis de Hanley de
eadm Johis fil Henr del Heth -WiUi Tnur de Oulcotes Simonis "Webster del Heth
Ad de Hanley de eadm Jobrs de Sutton de eadm Eici Nal de Estvcaye Eadi "Walce
del Heth & Eici Bmson de Norththorp Qiji dicunt s sacrm suu qd uo est ad dampnu
nee p'iudiciu Dni Eegis nee alior' Dnor' licet Eex concedat Johi Sauage seniori qd
ipe de Manerio suo do Steynesby cum ptin" feof are possit Johem MorseU captm Hend
¦t tenend sibi & her suis de nob t heredibs nris p s'uicia inde debita Ss consueta
imppetuu et eidm Johi MorseU qd ipe hita inde plena t pacifica seisina dar possit t
concedere p'dcm man'iu cu ptin p'fato Johi Sauage t M'garete -vx'i eius hen'd t tenend
eisdm Johi Sauage t M'garete t bered quos idm Johes Sauage de corpore ipi" M'garete
pcreau'it de nob & heredibs^ nris p s'uic p'dca imppetuu Ita qd si eadm M'gareta sine
herede de corpore suo p p'fatu" Johem Sauage pcreato obierit tuo p'dcin maneriu cu
ptin heredibs de corpore ipius Johis Sauage exeuntibs remaneat Tenend de nob t
hered nris p s'uic p'dca imppetuu Bt si idm Johes Sauage sine herede de corpore suo
exeunt obierit tuo p'dcm man'iu cu ptin Eo'bto Sauage Eobto Sauage Juniori & hered
de corpore suo exeuntib_s remaneat Tend de nob & hered nris p s'uicia p'dca imppetuu
Bt si idm Eobts sine hered de corpore suo exeunt obierit tuo idm maneriu cu ptin
rectis hered ipius Johis Sauage remaneat imppetuu Tend de nob & hered nris p
s'uicia p'dca imppetuu Bt dicunt qd maneriu p'dcm cii ptin tenet' de Dlio Eege in
capite p s'uiciu duor' solid t p vno esperuar soro Bt dicunt qd p'dcm maneriu valet
p annu in omibs exit iuxta veru valore euisdm Centu & sexdecim soUd & decem
denar Et dicunt qd nulla tre seu tenta eidm Johi Sauage remanent in Com p'dci) vlt>
maneriu p'dcm.
Dat loco die & anno supdcis.
It wUl be seen from these two Inquisitions, that the manor of
Stainsby was held of the king by the service of an "espervarius
sorus," or sore hawk, i.e., a hawk of the first year, to be rendered
to the Treasury every Michaelmas day.

APPENDIX. 473
Page 249. The Valor Ecclesiasticus, under the property pertaining
to the priory of Newstead, estimates the rectory or church of Hault
Hucknall, " cum, capella de Rowthorne," at the full yearly value of £8.
Prom this was deducted a pension of 8()s. to the Prior of Croxton,
¦which, together with the archidiaconal dues, reduced the total to £Q
2s. Od. We have not succeeded in finding any other allusion to
this chapel of Eowthorne. The manor of Eowthorne had been con
veyed to the Priory of Newstead, as early as the reign of Henry III.
by Eobert de Lexington ; but common-sense interpretation of this
entry in the Valor Ecclesiasticus certainly points to an actual chapel
on the manor, and not merely to the possession of its tithes. Yet it
is strange that there does not now appear to be even a tradition of
its former existence.

?l^eat]^.
Page 253. Add, as a note to the first sentence — "Dugdale's
Monasticon, vol u., p. 604."
Page 256, line 12 from the bottom. After "its precincts'' add —
'¦ A junior branch of the Savages was also resident in this parish in
the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries."

HanglDiti^.
Page 267, at the bottom of the page, add — " It also appears from
the Valor Ecclesiasticus that the annual pension of 13s. 4d. from the
rectory of Langwith was still retained by the priory of Thurgarton."
Page 268, lines 10 and 13, /or "Patterton" read "Palterton."

Page 295. " The Abbott and Convent of Derbye," mentioned in the
second paragraph, is a mistake in the Chantry Eoll for Darley, to
¦which place the Abbey of St. Helen's of Derby, was moved in the
reign of Hemy II.

474 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

Scartltfff.
Page 321, line 2, /or "Paltreton " read "Palterton."
Page 324. Add to the end of the second paragraph—" The land
held in the parish of Scarcliffe of Newstead priory was valued, iu
Henry VIII.'s reign, at £15 3s. 7d. per annum ; from which 3s. 4d.
was deducted as a pension to the Abbot of Darley."
Page 326, line 3 from the bottom, add, after the word " Darley "
— "In addition to this augmentation, the Valor Ecclesiasticus men
tions that the abbey provided 12d. a year ' pro stramento ecche
Skarclif in hyeme,' i. e., they furnished straw (or something strewn)
for the pavement of the church of Scarcliff during the winter
months. The same returns estimate the annual value of the three
rectories of Scarcliffe, Pentrich, and Bolsover in a single sum—
£91 Os 2d."

Sf)(rlantr.
Page 337. We here give a verbatim copy of the fuUer chantry
roU, taken 37 Henry VIIL, so far as it relates to Shiriand (EoU 13,
No. 68), ft-om which that given in the text was subsequently abbre
viated. See the Appendix, under Dethick Chapelry.
I. — The Chaunfye of Shyrland so named in the Kynges Eecordes of his tenthes
nevertheles Xpofer Haslam Chaplyn there vppon his othe saythe that itt is neyther
Chaunt'ye hospytall coUedge ffree ChappeU brotherhed nor Stypendarie to his kno-w-
ledge Also oon Eobte EeveU sheweth vnto us the Comyssyon's an olde "wrytynge or
¦WyU of Thoms EeveU of Hyghm Dated the ij^" of Apriell Anno Dni m'"" cccclxxuij
in the ¦whyche he bequethed C. marks for the byenge of certeyn lands to be imployed
for a prists -wags to synge and saye masse ppetuallye for his so-wle his frendes so-wUes
and aU Crystyan so-wUs and further she-wed an other -wUl in papyr of oon Eobrte
EeveU dated the xij"" of Maye Anno Dni millimo iiij=. iiij'"=xv. in the -whyche the
sayde Eobrte EeveU -wUled the issues and pfytts of all his lends iu Thawtwayte and
in the hUl to fynde a p'ste to synge in the Churche of Shyrland by the space of
iiij^^xix yeres And if a mortesmayne mought be gotten -within the tyme then to con-
tyne-we for euer or elia to be soldo.
II. — -vUji^ iUj8.
III. — iiij" clere p'* in Eedye moneye to the sayd incumbente by Eobrt EeveU And
as he saythe he payethe vuj' for his tenthes And that oon ¦WiUm Eo-whbothom som
tyme pryste there -vppon a -wrongge s'uice ca-wsed the same to be charged -w*'' tenthes
-w"^ sayd iiij"! is imployed to the lyvinge of the sayd Chaplyn.
I'V. — The same is no pisshe Churche butt is served w*"* in the pisshe Churche of
Shyrland.

APPENDIX. 475
v.- Tbe same is nott voyde neyther hathe the_ incumbente anye mancyon butt a
chambre w<* he hathe by tbappoyntment of Eobrte EeveU.
VI.— There bathe ben no more lends nor yerelye pfytts belongynge to the same
sythens the tyme above lymytted more then is byfore specyfyed.
VIL— There is neyther chalis JeweUs Plate ornaments goods or cattails apperteyn-
ynge to the same buft he occupieth oon chalys and ij vestments to saye Masse W*"
the Incumbent deposythe vppon his othe to be Mr. ReveUs.
Vni.:^There hathe ben no Chunt'yes no' other lyke pmocyons there dyssolued
purchased o' by anye other meane opteyned w"" owght -the Kyngs lycence sythens
the tyme above sayd.
The following is the entry relative to this Chantry or Donative,
in the Valor Ecclesiasticus, 27 Henry VIH. : —
SHIELAND DONATIVA.
Tristramus EeveU Patronus ibidem.
Dominus "WUUelmus Eowbothom Dominus Johannes Feeld CapeUani ibidem habent
conjunctim ut sequitur. £ s. d.
In primis in Thwatwaite iij viij
Item in Bggnes cawe iUj ij -vi;
Item in Shirlande xiij iii;

Summa viij iUj
Decima inde xyj iiij ob' q'-

Page 362. The summary of the property of -the Knights Hos
pitaUers, in the Valor Ecclesiasticus, estimates that portion of the
manor of Staveley, and the mediety of the rectory, which were held by
them, at a yearly value of £11.

Page 402. Since our account of Steetley passed through the
press, service has been once more held -within its waUs. We take
the foUovnng from the Derbyshire Times, 23rd October, 1875 :—
"At Steetley Chapel, on Sunday, there occurred an event of great interest to anti
quarians and archiBologists. Divine service, according to the rites of the Church of
Englaud, was held within the ruined building for the first time after a lapse of up
wards of three hundred years. A few days ago a notice was issued by the Eev. G. B.
Mason, rector of -WhitweU, announcing that there would be a special service m the
afternoon, with ah address, to be foUowed by a pubUc meeting, ' to consider how to
provide means of worship and reUgious instruction for the immediate neighbour
hood.' The 'immediate neighbourhood ' comprises Steetley and Darfoulds, at which

476 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
latter place a population was fast springing up, consequent upon the near completion
of the Steetley ColUery by the Shireoaks Colliery Company. At the time appointed
the old roofless piece of Norman architecture was unlocked, and its span was at once
fiUed by persons from -WhitweU, "Worksop, Shireoaks, Darfoulds, and Harness Grove.
The proceedings began by the Eev. G. B. Mason and his curate (the Eev. B. Town-
end) taking their station just -within the apse of the church, and putting on their
ceremonial robes. The ordinary morning prayei;s, psalms, and lessons were then
read and sung, ¦with suitable hymns, after which Mr. Mason addressed those assembled
in a very earnest manner, in which he said that he beUeved the time was come wben
divine worship would regularly take place within those waUs. He did not think it
strange that he should be there that day, though many of them might think so. The
building had been consecrated, and once set apart for worship, and it would always
remain sound to its purpose. It was three hundred and fifty years since it was left
to faU into decay, and however much it had been desecrated it was stiU God's house,
and he was able to say that it was the general desire that the building should be again
used for God's worship. At the close of the service the pubUc meeting was opened,
and Mr. Mason stated the reasons why they were met that day. He had often been
asked, since he came to ¦WhitweU, when steps would be taken to restore Steetley
Chapel. He had -written to Mr. Gladstone, one of the Duke of Newcastle's trustees, -
about it, and Mr. Gladstone was quite -wUling that the work should be done, and the '
trustees would give £50 towards it. Mr. Pearson, clerk of the works, had made
certain plans and an estimate, which were now in Mr. Gladstone's possession. He
had further written to the hon. gentleman, asking permission to use the chapel as it
then was, and he had received consent to do so. Certain repairs could be done in a ¦
very simple manner for £50, which would consist in putting on a wooden roof, cover
ed -with a tarpauUn, as a temporary affair, which would keep out the wet. Every one
seemed wiUing that this should be done, and on Mr. Mason's asking if any one could
suggest anything, Mr. Charles Tyldeu-"Wright stepped forward, and addressed the
meeting to the efEect that he quite concurred -with what Mr. Mason had said, and in
what he was trying to accompUsh. As a co-director in the Shireoaks CoUiery Com
pany, he would do what he could do in the matter. Mr. Mason said a good plan
would be to have a memorial signed by the famiUes in the neighbourhood, requesting
that a restoration of the chapel should take place. The bishop of the diocese was
deeply interested in the matter, but before any steps were taken in the direction of a
memorial, he would consult -with Mr. "Wright. Amongst some resolutions which
were put to the meeting by Mr. "Wright, were the f oUo-wing : — ' That in consideration
of the distance which separates Darf ould and the neighbouring to-wns from any place
of worship, it is desirable to pro-vide some place where tbe people may come to
hear the "Word of God, and to pray.' ' That in the opinion of this meeting, Steetley
Chapel is the most convenient place for such a purpose, and therefore it ia desirable
that it should be restored as soon as possible, thus preserving from destruction a
valuable monument of the sacred art of a bygone age ; at the same time it is not weU
that it should be restored so long as it remains private property, and therefore the
trustees of his Grace the Duke of Newcastle should be urged to place it for sale, or
otherwise under the Bishop of the Diocese, and then money be coUected, -with a view
to an immediate restoration.' These were both carried without any dissent. Steps
wiU at once be taken to cover in, as before stated, the buUding. when it is hoped that
regular services -wiU be held. A vote of thanks to Mr. Mason, proposed by Mr.
"Wrigbt, closed the meeting." ^
It -wUl thus be seen that the restoration of the fabric has already
commenced. Under the hand of Mr. Pearson, A.E.A., there can
be no fear but that the work wUl be carefully and satisfactorUy
accomplished. It is scarcely necessary to add, that at the time -we
penned the sentence relative to the restoration, we had no know
ledge of his engagement tn this task, and we are glad that the
appendix gives us an opportunity of apologising, both to ]\Ir. Pear
son and to the rector of WhitweU, for the construction of a sentence
which might otherwise appear offensive.

APPENDIX. 477
Page 421. Add to paragraph 2 — " The elder branch of the
Savages also held certain lands near Park Hall, tn this parish and
Morton, which came to them from the Deincourt family through
the Leakes. It is probable that the Savage coats of arms, on the
exterior of the south aisle, point to the restoration of that part of
the church, by one of the Sfr John Savages, and not by the founder
of the chantry."

Souti^ miinfitlti.
Page 443, line 15 from the bottom, for "Bellew" read "Belers.
Page 445, line 2 from the bottom, for "JoUan" read "Johan,"
Page 446, in the note, /or "Ferney" read "Ferrey."

(lIOSSflPQ.

A GLOSSARY OF SOME OF THE TECHNICAL
TERMS USED IX THE FOREGOING PAGES.

Apse. — The semi-circular termination to the east end of tbe choir or aisles of a church .
Alheey. — ^A niche or smaU cupboard by the side of an altar, to contain the sacred
vessels. — See foot note, p. 86.
Ball Floweb.— An ornament consisting of a round hoUow flower of three petals,
enclosing a, ball. It is usuaUy characteristic of the Decorated style, but it
sometimes occurs at the end of the "Early EngUsh style, as on the tower at
Eckington.
Beak-Head. — A characteristic Norman decoration, in which a head, worked in an
outer moulding, winds a beak round the moulding next -within.
Be-vel. — The slope formed by paving of the angle of a wall, or other piece of masonry
or timber. It is almost synonymous with a chamfer.
Billet. — A Norman decoration, consisting of a round projecting moulding, interrupted
at regular intervals, so as to resemble short bUlets or pieces of stick.
Champee.— See BevU.
Cheveon.— A Norman decoration, consisting of a series of zigzag indentations or
mouldings. It is sometimes found in the transition period, from Norman to
Early English. The term is derived from heraldry. — See the iUustration of
the west doorway of "WhitweU.
Clebestokt. — That part of a church -with aisles, which rises on the nave arches over
the aisle roofs.
Cobbel. — A stone projecting from a waU to support some weight, as an image, a shaft
_ or a group of vaulting shafts. It nearly corresponds to bracket. ^ Corbels are
carved in a great variety of ways ; the form of a head is frequently given to
them in each of the styles, from Norman to late Perpendicular.
Cobbbl-Table. — A row of corbels supporting a parapet or cornice.
Cbedence-Tablb. — The smaU table at the side of the altar, on which the bread and
-wine were placed before consecration. This was an early custom, but in many
instances the place of the credence-table was supplied by a shelf across the
niche containing the piscina.
Crockets.— Projecting ornaments, ueuaUy leaves or branches of foUage, used to
reUeve the angles of spires, pinnacles, canopies, and in other places. 2l

482 DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.
Cusps. — The projecting points forming the featherings or foliations in gothic tracery,
arches, panels, Ssc.
Dbipstone. — See Hood Mould.
Engaged. — A member, which ordinarily stands free, is said to be engaged when it is
attached to a waU, or otherwise partiaUy loses its full projection in the sur-
roimduig members. Thus a shaft is engaged -yben only half or three-quarters
of it appear ; and a tower is engaged when the aisles are carried to its extreme
west end.
Fillet. — A narrow flat face or band, used chiefly between mouldings to separate them
from each other, though it is often worked upon larger mouldings or shafts.
Finial. — The termination of a pinnacle, spire, or canopy, usuaUy consisting of a
bunch of foUage.
Geoin. — The angle formed by an intersection of vaults.
GuEGOYLE.— Projecting water spouts, usuaUy carved into grotesque figures.
Hagioscope. — A contrivance, whether by perforating a wall, or by cutting away an
angle of it, by which an altar may be seen from some part of a church, from
which it would otherwise be hid. It is also termed a Squint.
HooD-MouLD. — The projecting moulding which cro-wns doors, windows, and other
arches. "When used on the exterior it is usually termed Dripstone.
Jambs. — The perpendicular sides of a vrindow or door.
Jamb-Shaft. — A shaft set in the retiring angle of a jamb to bear the arch of the
window or door-head.
Lancet. — The usual name for the ordinary Early EngUsh window, which is long aud
narrow, and pointed at the top. In late and fine specimens the head is usuaUy
acutely pointed, iu smaUer and early -windows it is almost always very obtusely
pointed.
KiNo-PosT. — The middle post of a roof, standing on the tie-beam and reaching up to
the ridge. "Whore there are two vertical posts standing on the tie-beam they
are termed Queen-posts.
MuLLioNS. — The upright divisions separating large windows into two or more lights.
Ogee. — The term ogee is appUed- to a pointed arch, the sides of which are each
formed of two contrasted curves. The ogee arch came in with the Decorated
style, and was frequently used in canopies and smaU doorways. See tbe Ulus
tration of the north doorway of Ashover.
Pilaster. — See Respond.
Piscina. — A water drain placed within a niche, usuaUy on the. south side of an altar,
and used to receive the water in which the priest washed his hands, as weU as
that -with which the chalice was rinsed at the time of the celebration of the mass.
PuBLiNS. — The horizontal pieces of timber which rest on the principals or main
rafters of a roof, and support the common rafters.
Eeeedos. — The waU or screen at the back of an altar.
Respond. — A half piUar or pUaster attached to a waJl to support one side of an arch.
Sanctus Bell. — A smaU beU used in the Eoman CathoUc service of the mass to caU
attention to the more solemn parts, as at the introductory words " Sanctus,
Sanctus, Sanctus, Deus Sabaoth," whence the name is taken. It was usuaUy
placed in a beU-cote on the east gable of the nave. The iUustration of Shiriand
church affords a singular instance of a double beU-cote in this position.

GLOSSAEY. 483
Sedilu..— Seats near an altar, generally in the south waU of the chancel, for the
ofaciating priests ; they are usually three m number, as at Dronfield, but
vary from one to five.
Set-opp.— The part of a wall or buttress which is exposed horizontally when the
portion above it is reduced in thickness.
SPANDEELS.^-The triangular spaces between the arch of a, doorway, etc., and the
square label or hood-mould over it. ' Spandrels are almost exclusively confined
to the Perpendicular style.
Splay. — The expansion given to doorways, -windows, and other openings, by slanting
tbe sides. This construction especially prevailed on the insides of the smaU
-windows of the Norman and Early English periods.
Squint.— See Haginscope.
Stilted Aech. — An arch which has the capitals, or impost mouldings, of the jambs
below the level of the springing of tl\e curve of the arch.
Stoup— A vessel to contain consecrated water, into which aU who entered the church
dipped their fingers and crossed themselves. In this country a small niche
-with a stone basin was usuaUy formed in the waU near the entrance, but the
receptacles for holy water were occasionaUy movable vessels of atone, and one
of these in tbe church at Bolsover.
STEiNGConBSE. — Auy continuous projecting moulding, running horizontally.
Steuts. — Struts, or braces, are those timbers of a roof -which proceed dia.gonaUy from
the base of the King or Queen-post to the principal rafters.
Tie-Beams. — The large timbers of a roof, which rest horizontally on the wall-plates ;
thus tying the waUs together.
Tooth Ornament. — A name given to a decoration extensively used in the Early
EngUsh style, though occasionally met with in late Norman or transition work.
It consists of a square four-leaved flower, the centre of which projects iu a
point. See the Ulustration of Norton font, and also of the blocked-up windo-w
at the east end of the north aisle of North -Wingfield.
Teansom. — A horizontal muUion or cross bar, in a ¦window or in paneUing.
Tympanum. — The space immediately above the opening of a doorway, when the top of
the opening is square, but has an arch over ijb. This space is often fiUed up in
Norman work with a single stone profusely ornamented or quaintly sculptured.
Weatheb-Mould.— The projecting stones on a surface against which a roof is placed
to secure the junction from wet. This often remains on the towers of churches,
or on the east end of the nave, indicating tbe former existence of a roof on the
nave or chancel of different pitch from the present.

inbirFS*

Inbpf of ]Pppsonx,
Inbff of piflfFS*

INDEX OF PERSONS.

X.B. — Where two or more names of the same family occur on one page
they are for the most part entered under the head of "family." Thus
on page 68, Robert, James, Peter, and Denis Barley are mentioned,
hut the reference in ihe index is simply " Barley, family, 68."

Abitot, 63, 65
Alan, Master, 99
Albinos, Abbot of Darley,
71
Alderson. C, 2&1
Aleyn, Eobert, 29-3, 299
Alfreton, arms, 42, .59, 79,
85 ; famUy, 283 ; Thomas
de, 12, 298
Alkoe, Robert, 338
AUan, Thomas, 311
AUestree, arms, 41
Alveley, Eobert de, 47
Annesley, fanuly, 41
Arnold, Edward, 360
Ashbury, John, Zto
Ashmole, Church notes,
352, 353, 467
Ashton, arms, 139 ; Sir
Thomas, 140, 116
Aston, WiUiam, 211
Andsley, Henry, 177
Austin, arms, 293 ; f amUy,
294
ATenet, arms, 896; Robert,
99
Aylesbury, arms, -32, 298;
fanuly, 11, 31

B.
Babington, arms, 158, 353;
famUy, 25-34, 41-46, 298;
Sir Anthony, 11, 12, 461;
Elizabeth, 299; Ethel-
drena, 55 ; Henry, 12 ;
John, 353, 354, 418, 420 ;
Eobert, 158 ; Thomas, 12,
20, 407, 418, 459: ¦WUUam,
54, 93, 283, 2Si, 303
Bada, 2&1
Bagge, Sir "WiUiam, 153

Bagott, arms, 159
Bagshaw, fanuly, 297 ;
Bichard, 236
BakevreU, John, 354
BaU, Thomas, 118, 114
Bahne, John, 162
Bamford, Thurstan, S39
Banford, S., 37
Bannaster, arms, 287
Barker,Prancis,293; Ealph
210 ; Sir Robert, 211
Barley, arms, 66, 67, 407;
famUv, 67, 68, 205, 209.
409; Sir George, 209;
Eobert, 65, 165;-"WUliam,
165
Barlow, Arthur, 14y ;
Henry, 104; Robert de, 63
Barry, famUy, 34
Barton, WUUam, 275, 421
Bassano, Francis (MSS ),
9. 22, 33-35, 40, 57, 59, 66,
68. 88. 95, 103, 114, '117,
207, 223, 245, 254, 258,
262, 264, 270. 287, 206,
293, 315, 316, 324, 349,
350, 3.52, 354, 355, 358,
359, 36S, 369, 397, 408,
443
Basseldine, Charles, 196
Basset, arms, 298 ; family,
31, 33, 298; Ealph, 11,
267 ; Sir Richard, 378
Bassingbourne fanuly, 31
BayUi, Serlo, 65
Bean, Henry, 25t
BeardaU fanuly, 339 ;
"William, 275
Beauchamp, arms, 154
Beaufey, John, 358
Beaumont, John, 29
Beayse, Mr., 313
Beckering, arms, 407 ; Sir
John, 409

Beck, arms, 153, 279, 230
Anthony, 156, 279, 812
4G8: EmuU de, 311; John,
312'; Thomas,311,312,468;
Walter, 312
Becket, Thomas S. /3, 74,
79
Bee. Joseph, 136
Belers, Roger de, 383, 443
Benefeld, arms, 45
Bennett, Thomas, 177
Berbi, Eobert, 236
Beresford, arms, 368, 369
467 ; fanuly ,369; Eichard,
422
Berisfort, Jane, 68
Bernerd, Bishop, 311
Bertram, Robert, 854
Bingham, arms, 154, 156,
353, 430 ; Eichard, 25
Birchett, family, 294
Bisset, fanuly, 81
BlackwaU, John, 212 ;
"Wednesley, 41
BlackweU, Ealph, 25
Blythe, fanuly, 293-296 ;
John, 174
Bockingham, arms, 154,
156
BoUer, Thomas, 429
Bollowe, John, 283
Bonaparte, 37
BonsaU, Su E., 163
Booley, John, 317
Bossley, G., 136, 187, 195
Bostock, famUy, 247
Bos-viUe, arms, 353 ;
WUUam, 354
BosweU, Godfrey, 246
Botetourt, arms, 331; John,
835
Bothe, arms, Henry, 158
Bourne, Immanuel, 17, 37 ;
Eev. John, 174
Bower, Francis, 236

488

DEKBVSIIIRE CHUUCll K8.

Bowet, Sir Nioliobis. IM
Bowler. Rev. Frunois, tlO
Boythorpo, fanuly, -lUti
lU-adhouruo, arms, 158, -J7tJ ;
Henry, 2l) ; John, 158,
29",)
Bradshaw, .Vnthonv, 179,
180; Edward, 18i;'
Brailsford, familv, -UU), -1-19,
451, ioi; Sir Henrv, -JOl,
202,211; Roger, -JOii, 210
Brampton, fauiily, U2
Brancequill, Uogov, 210
Breilsford, John, 4-2'.)
Brendon, Bishop of .Vvdfovt
109
Breton, arms, 400 ; fnuiily,
114, 140, 110, 170, 188,
406, 407
Bretland, Thomas, 107
Brett, ,Tohn, 11, 31
Brcttlnud, Thomas, 173
Briggs, Johu, 2;t0
Bright, J., 214
Brito, Eicliard, 71
Briton, Gloy do, 400
Briwere, -WilUam, 11-2, 154,
177, 406
Brocklehurst, J., CO
Brome, Richard, 228 ;
Robert, 216
Bromhead, Thomas, 363
Bromley, Lord ClioncoUov,
240 ; Saiuuol, 133, 1-14
Browu, Adam do, 169; Mv.,
OS
Browne, Anthony, 179,180;
Johu, 186
Bryan, arms, 'oM, HOO ; Guy
do, y:i5; Eev. liuy, '285
Buck, The Brotbers, 70
BuUock, fauiily, 08, 209 ;
John, -296; William, 70
Burton, Miohaol, 216
BusU, liogor do, 3, 241, 2!U
Bussey, arnia, 156; fanuly,
31, 139, 417, 419; John,
156,274; Sir Miles, 140
Butcher, Eobert, 237
Butler, Avchdoaoon, 94
Byron, arms, 420 ; faunly,
421

C,
OabaU, W, de, 169
Cai'hehors, arms, 853
Callofto, John, 11, 31, 298
Callou, family, 162
CaniviUo, aims, 396
Cartledge, Eobert, 213
Caskyn, Robert, H'O
Cans, family, 112, 113;
MatUda le,' 116, 426
Ca-\iao, TioluH-t, 106
Caveuilish, arms, 103;
family, ;)17 ; Sir (.-liarle.s,
104; Sir WilUam, 200
Chandos, arms, 151, 156
Charge, John, 17-1
Chaworth, arms, 46, 88,
154, 156, 206; family, 0,

11, 12, 11, 31, -298, 400;
Coorge, -29; Robert, 79;
Thomas. 41
Chodol, Uobort, 246
Chester, Karls of, 100
t'besteriield, l\iohiu-d de,
161, 102,108; Koyor, 108
Clare do. arms, 207
Clarke, faniUy. 114
Clay, Captain. 070 ; Thomas,
¦1-22
Clavtou, Riohard, 318
CUlVord, lU'uis, 052 ; family,
351. 300 ; .loliii. Lord,
016; Uom-y, 302; Walter
Lord, lUlO
Codsrave, Robert, 207
Coeks, WUliam, 212
Cokayne arms, 158 ; family,
07 ; Thomas, 158
Coke, D'Ewes, 283; D.,
285
Colton, arms, John, 158
ColumbeU, famUy, 2S0 ;
Uv»^er, 185
ColviUe, arms, 158, 150 ;
family, 140
Comberford, arms,
Thomas, 158
Constable, arms,43 ; family,
52, 55, 66
Constantia, Lady-, 823, 321
Conyers, Sir John, 226
Cook, "WUUam, 210
t'ooke, arms, 69 ; James,
00 ; Johu, 421
Copley, arms, Elizabeth,
¦090 ¦
Cornwall, 200, 379
Cornwallis, Bishop, 277
Cotes, J., 9; Peter. Ill
Conghlaud. Kiehard, 213
Coupe, John, 3-23
Coiu-teuay-, fanuly, 334
Crioli, Cornelius, 410;
Ralph, 410 ; Eoser, 407,
409; WiUiam, 410
Croft, .Vnthony, 210
(-roniwell, arms, 110, 445;
hbnioa, ;U0 ; ,lohu, S46 ;
Oliver, 79, 103, -280 ;
IJalph, Lord, lUi, 130,
145, 110
Cropju-r, George, 237
Cnk'hath, OtwiOl, --5
t'ulpopper, arms, 390
Ouniberland, Qoorf^e, Earl
of, 172
Curzon, family, 419, 150 ;
John, 105

D.
Dakeyne, fanuly, 36
Daniel, ai'nis, 158
Daniers, family, 2-16, 247
Dari'v, arms, 227, 853;
family, 83, 225-8; .lohn,
854; 'ifogor, 2-24, 228
Davy, John, 400
DayviUe, John, 162, 171
Deane, Mr., 237

Deincourt, arms, 17, 153,
159, 210, '273. 277, itSi;
family, 415—131, 177 ;
Fraueis, 375 ; Jolin, 351 ;
U.'ilph, 235. '237, 207 ;
AValtor,23o,273 ; W iUiiun,
¦I'ii
Delves, family, S6, 50 ;
Sir llenr\-, 07
Deuliam, 'I'lionias, 11
Herbv, Earl of, 52
Del hiek, lu-ms, 31, 358, -107 i
familv, OS -18, 109;
CoolTrey, 400, 402 : Isa
bella, 20 ; Eobort, 20, 29
Devonshire, WUliaui, Karl
of, 2 15
Dewes, J„ 105
T>ixon, Key. I'-leteber, 350,
;!00. 301
Dohb,, lohn, ¦1-29
Dohhs, Gooi-go, 285
Doveeote, Philip de, 201
Doweott, Kii-hard, 88
Dowkor, Peter, 170, 129 ;
Thomas, 137
Dowman, fauiily, 3,'19
Draper, llni;o, 100, 107
l^Jiinliam, Sir John, 140,
US
Durant, family, 161, 102,
UiO, 168
Durvasal, arms, 396
Dynluun, fitmily, 298

B.
Eaton, George, 3T
Hdwards, Eiebard, 290
Elie, Kobert, 109
Engaine, Baron, 31
Bugayno, -lohii, 11
Essex, llarl of, 36
Eyre, anus, 114, 164, 839,
407 ; family, 339, 409;
Authouy, 177; Diana,
209 ; Edward 230 ;
Cervaise, 177 ; Philip, -23;
luiborl,_-22, 23, 172, 829;
Itoyor, 75, 105

Fairfax, Mr,, 238
l'-ansha\vi>, arms, 205 ;
Iiimily, 203-20 i, 209-211
Fariu'haui, Kobert, 22;!
Fa.U('onbiu-^, arms, 59 ;
WiUiani tlo, 62
Keold, John, 175
Fcn-nc, John, 315, 816 ;
Mary, 818
Ferrers, arms, 33, 12, -13,
¦15, 158;- family, 17, 119;
,lohu, -28, '82; Kobert,'
Earl of, 17, 171, 25;l,
321, 460; Thomas, 169 ;
William, 100, 10-i
Fitz Herbert, anna, 42, 154,
158;fiunily,27,1.58, 119;
i;alph,391,4U8;Thomas,
¦121

INDEX OF PERSONS.

489

Fitz Hubert,Ralph, 51, 221,
821, 327, 378
Fitz Langley, arms, 153
Fitz Peter, Geoffrey, 378,
379
Fitz Ralph, arms, 357 ;
Hubert, 321, 324
Fitz Eanulph, Eobert, 3,
31, 73, 74, 77, 93, -291
Fitz Stephen, Ealph, 437
Fitz WilUam, famUy, 148,
149 ; John, 459
Fitz IJrse, Eeginald, 74
Fleteher, Thomas, 137, 138
Flint, Eichard, 360
Flynt, OUver, 168
Foljambe, arms, 114, 226,
368, 369, 370,408;famUy,
79 ; Chesterfield Church
passim, 406, 408 ; James,
372, 419 ; John, 371, 372 ;
Henry, 227, 369, 407 ;
Godfrey, 117, 118, 309,
871, 372; Mrs., 68;
Thomas, 288, 407
Folvile, Sir Eoger, 194
Foolow, Mr., 274
Forester, Adam, 210
Foston, Henry de, 162
Foulkes, Thomas, 105
Fraunceis(Franceis Fraun
cis), family, 64-66
FreoheviUe, arms, 114, 226;
353, 397 ; family, 47, 59,
324, 345-347, 350-359, 362,
363,39-2,398, 399 ; Anker,
824, 339, 345 ; John, 55,
216, 253, 370 ; Sir Peter,
69, 166,"217, 470; Ralph,
68, 321
Freke, Eoger, 328
Frewe, Eoger, 325
Frith, family, 406
Fredlaye, Laurence de, 288
Furnival,armB,384 ; family,
57, 58 ; Thomas de, 78

G.
Gardiner, Dr., 230; Wil
liam, 230
Garfitt, Mr., 361
GeU, PhUip, 235 ; Ealph,
417
Gibson, Mr., 351
Gilbert, Thomas, 299
Gill, George, 296 ; Leonard,
297 ; PhiUp, 297
Gisborne, Francis, 860,
861
GlanvUle, Eanulph de, 379
GlapweU, Eichard. 88
Glossop, Francis, 363
Godeva, 295
Gomfrey, Eichard, 206 ;
Thomas, 206, 210
Gonalston, W. de, 884
Goody, J., 195
GosUng, Ealph, 46
Gotbam, arms, 35, 159 ;
family, 34, 297

Goushill,arms,226 ; family,
51, 52, 54, 56, 227, 261,
354, 392
Gren, Christopher, 229,
230
Greenhaugh, Eoger, 29
Greenwood, arms, 849
Grey, arms, 206, 834, 353,
371; family, 283, 331,
888-386, 347, 871 ; Baron,
31, 32; Isabella, 854;
Richard, 374 ; Eobert,
324, 416; Thomas, 226;
WUUam, 354, 374
Griffith, John, 236; Mr.,
232
Grimnesby, Simon de, 470,
471
Guy, of Warwick, 137
Gwent, Eichard, 417, 421
H.
Haokenthoi-pe, family, 88
Hacker, family, 316 ; John,
318
Hackett, Bishop, 213
HaU, Eev. G., 129; Eichard,
205, 354 ; WiUiam, 826,
HaUey, George, 197
HaUowes, family, 41, 103 ;
Chaworth, 236
Halton, J. M., 60
Hancock, Eobert, 212
Hansard, Gilbert, 152
Harcourt, family, 312
Hardinge, Michael, 183
Hardwick, famUy, 246, 263,
256
Hareston, Peter de, 371 ;
Eobert de, 367, 871
Harpur, Sir John, 339 ;
Eichard, 39
Harrington, Eleanor, 185 ;
Sir James, 150
Harrison, James, 800 ;
Samuel, 422
Harvey, John, 132, 400
Haslam. Christoper, 211,
474 ; Thomas, 18, 216
HassaU, arms, 368, 369, 467 ;
Eobert, 369
Hastings, arms, 227 ;
Bryan, 370
Hathersage, family, 54,
261; Matthew, 61, 121,
122
Hatton, John, 442
Hawks, Sir Eobert, 211
Hawson, John, 186
Haywood, Hugo, 168
Heald, W., 386
Heath, Henry, 817
Heathcote, GUbert, 170 ;
Godfrey, 27, 135, 170;
Ealph, 214, 277, 326; W.,
163, 168
Hedderley, Daniel, 248,
429 ; Thomas, 13, 37
Heperstall, Bryan, 60
Herbert, arms, 246, 247
Heriz, family, 31, 38, 383,
437, 438, 415

Heron, Emiline de, 228;
Walter de, 225
Herstock, John, 154
Herryson, Nicholas, 313
He-witt, John, 862; WU
liam, 263
Hibernia, John de, 346
HiU, Archdeacon, 160 ;
John, 256; Eichard, 229
HiUary, arms, 871 ; family,
367; Eobert, 374^; WU
liam, 371
Hilton, Thomas, 170
Hinchman, Thomas, 277
Hobbes, Thomas, 244
Hobson, Joseph, 111, 217
Hodkin, David, 95
Holland, family, 155 ; Earl
of Kent, 152; WUliam,
170, 429
Holies, Gervaise, 354, 355,
357, 359; Sir WiUiam,
52, 261
Hopton, family, 315
Horbury, W. de, 166
Home, family, 269 ; Cor
nehus, 8
Horton, John de, 359
Howard, George, 175
Huddleston, Miles, 284
Hudson, John, 180
Hunloke, Sir Henry, 449,
456 ; Nicholas, 449
Hunter's MSS., 146, 173,
180, 197, 222, 228, 230,
255, 316
Hyde, Eobert, 230
Hyle, Eichard, 442

I.
Ingham, William, 212
Ingram, family, 8, 137, 291 ;
Hugh, 116, 117
InkerseU, family, 389
Inskip, WilUam, 194, 196,
197
Ireland, Avice, 79

Jebb, Joshua, 176
Jeffrey, John, 324
Jessoppe, William, 88, 8'9
Jewell, Bishop, 203, 836
K.
KendaU, Ann, 441
Kennett, Bishop, 230
Keyes, Thomas, 254
Keynes, famUy, 31, 32
Kighley, Henry, 245
KUlinghaU, George, 280
Kinnersley, Clement, 372
Kinwaldmarsh, W. de, 261
Kirkby, Thomas, 226
Kniveton, arms, 1 ; Henry,
159
Knottinge, Henry de, 460
Knowles, Thomas, 17

490

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

L.
Lancaster, Henry of, 207
Langham, Eobert, 283
Langholt, Geoffrey de,
241, 470
Langton, Walter de, 384
LasceUes, Bryan, 839
Laurence, John, 360, 411
Leake, Nicholas, 278
Leas, de la, family, 47, 65
Leche, arms, 43 ; Francis,
246 ; George, 29, 33
Leech, Sir E., 117, 450
Leeke, arms, 139, 353, 420 ;
famUy, 184, 312, 367-872,
875, 376 ; Sir John, 147,
354, 420; Sir Francis,
827, 346, 362, 385; Sir
Simon, 147 ; Thomas,
246
Legh, Eoger de, 156, 161
Leigh, arms, 154, 287;
Bryan, 284 ; Robert, 284
Leversage, Agnes, 418, 421 ;
Lexington, Eobert de, 473 ;
William de, 117
LiUyman, John, 422
Linacre, family, 22B ; quire,
88; George, 230, 465;
Hugo, 65, 117, 122 ; Mr.,
68
Lindley, Samuel, 341
Lister, arms, 158, 159 ;
Richard, 158
Littleton, Bishop, 402 ;
Constantia, 150 ; Ed
ward, 148
Lodebroke, arms, 408
Loft, John del, 169
Longford, arms, 48, 153,
156, 158, 458 ; family, 51,
54, 56, 66, 225, 227, 267,
280, 288, 303, 392, 417,
419, 453, 464
Longstaff, WiUiani, 161
Lonsdale, Bishop, .237
Loudham, arms, 139, 153,
156; famUy, 176, 405, 409
LoveU, Francis lord, 2] 5
Lowe, W. de, 166, 169
Lowes, Francis, 148
Ludlam, WiUiam, 96, 465
Ludnam, WiUiam, 338
Lyatt, Anthony, 429
Lynley, Leonard, 465

M.
Mader, Humphrey, 463
Mainwaring, WiUiam, 299
Manderville, family, 32
Manham, Simon de, 463
Manners, Sir John, 339,
391 ; Su- Eoger, 396
Mansfield, John, 163
Manvers, Thomas, 247
Markham, arms, 43
Marsden, 12, 170
MarshaU, arms, 158; John,
27, 419
Mary Queen of Scots, 41

Maskew, Bridget, 179 ;
James, 179
Mason, George, 362
Maw, Phineas, 60
Mears (BeU-founders), 170,
237, 285, 806, 361, 387,
429
Meerynge, Anne, 459
Meinell, Eobert de, 51
Melior, Eichard, 276
MeUour, Eichard, 104, 340
Melton, John, 465
MennU, Gilbert de, 469,
194; Eobert, 392, 469
Merring, William, 11
Meverell, George, 229
MeyneU, arms, 227 ; family,
41, 392-894 ; Cicely, 261 ;
Hugh, 228; Nicholas, 228
Millwood, Eichard, 429
Milnes, famUy, 467
MUton, John, 244
MoUynes, arms, 153
Mompesson, Mr , 218
Monboucher, arms, 358,
857 ; family, 864, 868
Monsell, John, 241
Montacute, Francis Vis
count, 179 -
Montague, Earl of SaUs
bury, 408
Montfort, arms, 109; Peter
de, 109 ; Simon, 116, 159,
324 -
Montgomery, Baron, 831
Moorcock, Henry, 147
Morcare, 51, 83, 193, 378,
391
More, John, 29
Morewood, Anthony, 8, 12
Morteyne, arms, 407
Mortymer, arms, 154 ;
family, 155
MorviUe, Hugh de, 74
Mower, Arthur, 68, 118, 455 ;
George, 69 ; Richard, 216
Munnings, John, 183
Musard, arms, 59, 88, 857 ;
famUy, 346, 362,. 392 ;
Amicia, 858 ; Ascuit, 63,
261, 345 ; Nicholas, 358,
868 ; Ralph, 464, 470
Musters, John de, 226
MyUier, John, 213

N.
Nevile, arras, 139, 153;
family, 57; IsabeU, 59;
Thomas, 140, 148
NeviU, F., 60
Neville, John de, 445
Newbold, Henry de, 65 ;
Sir Eichard, 163, 168
Ne-svton, arms, 67 ; family
224
Nickson, Edward, 274
Nightingale, Mr., 48
Norman viUe, arms, 36, 159 ;
famUy, 35, 36
Novant, Hugo de, 379

0.
Offley, Joseph, 299
Okeover, family, 280 ;
Philip, 29, 33
Oldfield, George, 36, 104,
170, 248, 285, 429; Henry,
95, J96, 214, 248; Johu, 8
Orele, WiUiam, 226
Orreby, John de, 207
Ormond, family, 9 ; EUza
beth, 81, 33; Joan, 11;
John, 11, 28, 298, 299, 469
Orston, Helen, Thomas,
418 '
Outram, Edmund, 215 ;
Eichard, 216

P.
Pabenham, Lawrence, 11,
81
Padley, Joan, 23
, Page, Eichard, 13
Palfnman, Thurstan, 38,
462, 463
PaUison, Riohard, 247, 248
Parker, John, 297, 298;
Thomas, 297
Parsons, Eobert, 429; WU
liam, 886, 429
Paveley, .arms, 481
Payne, John, 841
Peace, Thomas, 326
Pearse, John, "WiUiam, 327
Peckham, John, 311
Pegge, famUy, 78; Edward,
75, 76
Pegge, Dr. Samuel (MSS.),
53, 6-6, 59, 60, 73, 74, 105,
109, 116, 117, 121, 122,
123, 146—148, 151, 157,
161, 162, 170, 173, 176,
179, 197, 209, 212, 214,
215, 217, 242, 252, 273,
284, 327, 335, 336, 849,
352, 363, 385, 405, 407-
410, 415, 480, 433, 450
Pembrugge, arms, 396
Pendleton, Jane, 276
Percy, Joan de, 207
Peverel, WiUiam, 99, 100,
102, 283, 303, 383, 406,
437
Philpot, arms, 227
Pierpoint, George, 43, 89
Pierrepont, Francis, Sir
Henry, 372
Pilkington, Sir John, 346
Pinant, Sir John, 363
Pinkinson, Sir Hugh, 306
Pipe, family, 39, 60, 392,
396; Humphrey, 52;
Eichard, 52, 57
Plantagenet, arms, 163, 161
Plesley, Serlo de, 311
Peer, Ealph le, 283
Poictou, Eoger de, 241, 867
Pole, arms, 158; famUy,41,
51, 407; John, 158; Fran
cis, 59 ; Margaret, 56 ;
Mary, 56

INDEX OP PERSONS.

491

Poste, Peter, 284
PoweU, Matthew, 422
Poynings, arms, 834, 335 ;
famUy, 335
Poynton, Thomas, 100
Prykke, Eobert, 31
Pryme, Abraham de la, 402
Py'pys, John, 143, 167
E.
Eagg, WiUiam, 168
Eanulph, Earl of Chester,
99
Eedfearne, Jane, 374
Kedfin, Abraham, 86
Eeresby, arms, 35, 154, 159 ;
famUy, 34, 35, 36, 460;
Adam,17, 159; John, 23;
Margaret, 17; Thoma.s,
17, 34
Eeve, Eichard, 444; Thom
as, 368
Eevel, family, 336—839,
474, 475; Edward, 255;
George, 288; Hugh, 14,
280; Eobert, 286; Thom
as, 418; WiUiam, 326
Eeynes, Leonia de, 378
Eeynolds, J. (MSS.), 6, 7,
48, 65, 66, 115, 151, 160,
204, 207, 350, 352, 357,
358, 440, 442
Eboades, Ealph, 304
Rhodes, W. Hatfield de,
237 "
Eichardson, John, 236
Eiddel, famUy, 33
Eidge, Jane, 28
Eoberts, Eobert, 237
Eobinson, Thomas, 100
Eodes, famUy, 52, 59, 60 ;
Gilbert, 56; Judge, 68;
Francis, 287
EoUeston, arms, 43; family,
25, 33, 34, 47 ; Francis,
25 ; James, 370 ; John,
23, 24; George, 26; Eo
bert, 29
Eood, Brian, 34
Eoodes, Christopher, 304
Eoos, arms, 335; family,
311
Eooth, Henry, 429
Eosamund, Fair, 806
Eotherham, WilUam, 230
Eothery, Peter, 360
Eoughbotbam, Thomas, 47
Eowbotham, WilUam, 398,
474, 475
Eowlandson, John, 393
Eutland, John, Earl of, 393
Eycher, Thomas, 210
EydeU, Maud, Richard,
298
Eye, arms, 395, 896 ; family,
391, 392, 395, 396
S.
SachevereU, arms, 45, 89 ;
Henry, 45
Sales, T., 132

SaUsbury, Eichard, Earl
of, 155, 160, 175
Salman, W. S., 337
Sampson, Archbishop, 311;
Eobert, 361, 352
Sandeford, Bryan, 392
Savage, arms, 168, 420,
424 ; family, 241, 246,
247, 256, 369-371, 418-421,
424, 470, 471, 477; Sir
John, 215
Savile, George, 341
Scarsdale, Nicholas, Earl
of, 12, 116, 312, 376
SchnebbeUe, Jacob, 406,
406
Selioke, family, 52, 297
Sewdall, Eichard, 461
Shaw, George, 170, 429
Shawe, OUver, 115
Sheffield, famUy, 283
Shepley, J., 132
Sherebroke, Thomas, 385
Sherley, famUy, 54
Shirley, Archdeacon, 237;
family, 449
Shrewsbury, EUzabeth,
Countess of, 246, 372;
Earl of, 67, 58, 117, 184,
209, 313
Sikes, Eobert, 216
Simpson, John, 235
SitweU, family, 224
Slegge, Edward, 885
Smeeton, Eobert de, 399
Smith, J, & E., 37
Smythe, Ealph, 466
Snape, Eobert, 274
Solney, family, 54, 284 ; Sir
Alured, 283
SomersaU, famUy, 117
Somerset, arms, 246 ; John,
Earl of, 155
SothiU, Henry, 55
Spencer, Hugh de, 824;
Major, 297
Spott, Wulfric, 5, 61, 83,
221, 273, 291, 303, 867,
378, 391
Spray, WUliam, 408
Stafford, arms, 42 ; family,
8, 157, 283 ; Sir Thomas,
54
Stanhope, family, 52
Stanley, f amUy, 52 ; Katha
rine, 421 ; Mr., 217
Starkey, B., 398
Stephenson, James, 60
Stevenson, Edward, 339 ;
John, 236; Mr., 68;
Thomas, 236, 429
St. John, Lord, 368
Stock, Joseph, 341
Stockpole, arms, 396
Stokes, H. de, 241
Strangeways, arms, 287 ;
.Sir James, '83, 226, 229
StreUey, family, 78, 440;
Sir Nicholas, 75, 209,
254
StringfeUow, WilUam, 230
Stuffyn, family, 316, 318;
John, 315

StuteviUe, family, 378 ;
John de, 52 ; Henry de,
378 ; WiUiam de, 225
Styrley, Sir Anthony, 79
Swift, George, 170 ; Kobert,
34, 84; WilUam, 21, 84,
294, 364, 430, 431, 433
S-wiUington, arms, 226 ;
Eobert de, 227, 283
S-wyverton, Eobert, 421

T.
TaUlo, WilUam, 283
Talbot, arms, 334 ; Earl of
Shrewsbury, 331;
Thomas, Lord, 885
TaUeme, Francis, 385
Tanner, Bishop, 74
TateshaU, arms, 440
Eobert de. 443
Taylor, John, 214, 387
Bichard, 467; Tho'mas
876
Tempest, arms, 353
Eichard, 354 ; Thomas,
858, 354
Terwhit, Trothea, 149
Thomaeo, WiUiam de, 121
ThornhUl, Henry, 312
Thorpe, WiUiam, 318
Tiptoft, John de, 165
Topham, Anthony, 421
Toplady, John, 459
TopUs, John, 443; Mary,
440
Torald, Adam, 283
Touchet, arms, 153, 335
Towneley, family, 140
To-wnend, Eobert, 376
Townsed, W , 216
Tracy, William de, 74
Trafford, Sir Edward, 159
Tricket, Mr., 296
Trigg, Henry, 168
Trotton, James, 268
Tue, Thomas, 419
Turbutt, Glad-win, 280 ;
Eichard, 278
Turner, John, 12, 13;
George, 12 ; Thomas, 130
TurviUe, family, 38 ; Agnes,
25 ; John, 25
Twentiman, John, 886, 887
Tynker, John, 87
TyrsweU, John, 378
Tyrwhit, Francis, 456

U.
Ufegeat, 291
Ufton, WilUam de, 463
Ugathorpe, William, 41
Ulkathorpe, Peter de, 438
Un-win, Eobert, 217
V.
Vavasour, family, 399 ;
Robert' le, 400
Verdon, John, 143, 162

492

DERBYSHIRE CHURCHES.

Vernon, arms, 114, 896-;
famUy, 421 ; Benedicta,
140 ; George Venables,
235; John, 25; Sir Ealph,
247
Vincent, famUy, 67

W.
Waddington, Eev.
Matthew, 116, 460
Wake, arms, 158, 161 ;
family, 406 ; Bald-win,
142, 152, 164, 171, 177;
Hugh, 177 ; Margaret,
142, 154
Wakefield, Thomas, 357
Wakks, WilUam, 419
Walker, T., 69
Walkinton, arms, 241
Walton, family, 45 ; Hugh,
121 ; WUliam, 189
Ward, famUy, 228
Warren, Bari of Surrey,
207
Wass, Ealph, 422
Waterhouse, family, 396
Waterton, arms, 368 ;
Eobert, 369
WaterviUe, WUUam de, 31
Webster, Paul, 169, 170
Weldon, Baron of, 298
Wentworth, fanuly, 392,
399 ; Eichard, 279

Wen-wright, Ealph, 421
Werburgh, St., 94
Weseham, Roger de, 109
West, Sir WUUam, 177
WhaUey, Eichard, 391
Wheatcroft, Leonard, 19
"Whit, Sir Eobert, 45
White, IsabeUa, 373 ;
Eobert, 10, 469
"Whittington, arms, 154
WhitweU, famUy, 398
"Whitworth, Sir Myles, 45 ;
Sir E., 163
Whyte, John, 464
WigfaU, fanuly, 224 ;
Henry, 230
WUde, Nicholas, 267
WUdebore, P., 170
Wilkesonne, George, 195
Wilkinson, James, 380 ;
Thomas, 416
WiUiamson, WiUiam, 195
WiUoughby, arms, 207,
279; family, 277, 279,
280, 311, 312, 430
WUmot, Eardley, 284, 285 ;
Robert, 286 ; Sir E., 278
WUson, John, 418; Mar
garet, 137 ; Thomas, 249
Wmfield, fanuly, 33, 34
Wingfield, Anthony, 51 ;
Eichard, 246
Wirkson, Edmund, 275
Witherington, family, 333
Withers, H., 170

Wolfendale, John, 411
Wolley, MSS., passim
WoIstenhoUne, James, 216
Wood, John, 170
Woodhouse, family, 102 ;
Eobert de, 346
Woodstock, Edmund of,
142
WoodviUe, arms, 244
Woodward, John, 151
Worsley, WUUam, 162
Wortley, arms, 355;
Francis, 87 ; Matilda,
356
Wrenne, Thomas, 385
Wright, John, 264 ;
Thomas, 235
Wyne, le, fanuly, 283
Wyngerworth, Roger de,
38, 47
Wyrley, WilUam, MSS.,
45, 79, 89, 162, 160, 226,
298, 420, 432
Wyverton, Sir Richard, 378

Y.
York, Eichard, Duke of,
155

Zouch, arms, 298; fanuly,
82, 298 ; John, 12.

INDEX OF PLACES.

A.
Acre, 879
AdUngtou, 284, 287
Agincourt, 26
Alfreton, 3-14, 31, 43, 60,
78, 74, 79, 291, 385, 469,
460
AUestree, 66
Alsebrok, 463
Alvaston, 399
Aquila, 43
Ardfert, U»9
Ashbourne, 67, 156, 158,
279, 370
Ashford, 21, 292
Ashover, 17-48, 159, 162,
299, 410, 449, 460, 461
Ashton, 227
Astwitb, 241
AttercUff, 297

Babington House, 42
BakeweU, 4, 198, 210, 814
Barlborough, 14, 51-60, 83,
222, 225, 316, 354, 391,
392, 396, 464
Barley, 205
Bariow, 63-69, 118, 209, 217,
455
Barrow, 183
Barton, 800
Basing, 858
Baslow, 13, 60
Bateley, 268
Beauchamp, 73
Beauchief Abbey, 3, 12, 31,
73-80,-178,201, 202,210-
213, 241, 291, 295, 299,'
362, 460, 464
Beaumont, 73
Beaurepaire (Belper), 78
Beeley, 170, 333
Beighton, 83-89, 221, 464,
465
Belph, 394
Belvoir, 398
Beresford, 869
Bingham, 353
Birchett, 297
Blackwell, 93-96, 885, 465
BobenhUl, 339
Bole HiU, 80

Bolsover, 99-105, 213, 825,
466 ,
BonsaU, 18, 60, 463
Bosworth, 388-386
Boulogne, 247, 421
Boythorpe, 121, 154, 178
Brackenheld, 297
Bradbourne, 26, 354
Bradley, 159, 449

BraUsford, 201, 449
Brampton, 109—118, 178,
228, 409, 415, 426, 449, 466
BraythweU, 67
BreadsaU, 41, 291
Bridgeford, 26
Brimington, 121, 150, 154,
157, 176, 177, 178, 316,
889, 857
Burton, 147
Burton Abbey, 8, 61, 83,
193, 221, 273, 291, 303,
367, 378, 391

C.
Caerleon, 311
Calton, 152
Carcolston, 480
Carlingthwaite, 283, 337
Cartledge, 216
Catfoss, 52, 55
CaushaU, 112
Cawthorne, 264
Chaddesden, 275
Chatsworth, 29, 152, 246
Chedel, 246
CheUaston, 269, 346
Chelmorton, 268
Chesterfield, 86, 59, 109,
115—117, 121—189, 195,
204, 287, 316, 352, 869,
399, 406, 467, 468
Chevet, 354
ChUwell, 55, 283, 303
Clay Lane, 415
CUfton, 246, 420
Clown, 51, 83, 193-198, 237,
469
Cockstye, 324
Codnor, 12, 338, 835, 371
CoUey, 147, 210
Comberford, 158
Cosgrave, 430

Cowdray, 179
CresweU, 178, 237
Crich, 47,- 128, 162, 204, 2-27,
345, 358, 444
Croxton, 209, 258, 254, 473
Cutthorpe, 118
D.
Dalby, 43
Darfield, 74, 361, 362
Darley Abbey, 74, 99, 100,
105, 299, 321, 322, 326,
327, 338, 437, 438. 444,
445, 460, 466, 473, 474
Darley Dale, 140
Darley HaU, 185
Denby, 60, 357
Derby, 41, 42, 55, 68, 155,
253, 254, 881, 460
Derby, Convent of, 295
Dethick, 26, 38-46, 168,
461-463
Dol, 311
Doncaster, 83
Dorchester. 347
Dore, 79, 211, 218, 375
Drayton, 81
Dronfield, 60, 111, 201—
218, 275, 836, 854, 449,
469
Dronfield Woodhouse, 68,
205, 210
DubUn, 312
Duckmanton, 83, 178, 225,
374, 378-380, 385
Duddington, 67
Duffield, 171, 361
Dunmoor Heath, 137
Dunston, 156

E.
Bast Ham, 400
Eastwood Old HaU, 84
EccleshaU, 384
Eckington, 51, 60, 83, 89,
121, 161, 178, 187, 202,
221—231, 262, 354, 892,
469, 470
Ecle, 43
Edensor, 38
Edwalton, 3, 78, 291

494

d]':rbyshire churches.

Bgston, 137, 338
Elmton, 56, 235-237, 267,
415, 470
Eresby, 213
EtwaU, 158, 380
Eyam, 218 F.
Fanshawe Gate, 205, 209
Felley, -38, 383, 462, 463
Fenny Bentley, 160, 370
Flintham, 480
Ford, 415
Foremark, 66
Freshmarsh, 55

G.
Gainsborough, 137
Gerendon, 253
GlapweU, 103, 105, 253
Gotham, 367
Grafton, 42
GreenhiU, 12 H.
Haokenthorpe, 88
Haddon, 114
Halifax, 396
HaUam, West, 180
Hamlacke, 393
HampstaU, 158
Hanley, 415
Hardstaff, 241
Hard-wick, 246, 256
Harringworth, 29S
Hartington, 113
Haselbarrow, 297
HasseU, 870
Hassop, 209
Hault Hucknall, 29, 105,
141-249, 253, 255, 268,
370, 385, 420, 470-472
Heage, 41
Heanor, 331
Heath, 241, 253-258, 473
Henmore, 415
HickUng, 28
Higham, 337, 389
HUton, 228, 311
Hinblesham, 28
Hognaston, 243
Holme HaU, 156
Holmes, 216
HoUnesfield, 206, 215-218,
362, 415
Honeycroft, 323
Hope, 36, 339
Hopton, 209, 315, 316
Horsley, 216
HcSugh, 26, 158, 279
Houghton, 268 I.
lUord, 209
Dkeston, 425
Indies, West, 172
Ingleby, 65
InkersaU, 852

Kedleston, 113, 377, 449
Kettleby, 456
KiUamarsh, 61, 55, 56, 227,
261-264, 361
Kilpeck, 400
Kingston, 32, 42, 48
Kinolton, 48
Kirk Ireton, 395
Kniveton, 275, 449
Knowles, 216

L.
Langwith, 267-270, 416, 473
Lea, 33, 43, 47^ 48, 463
Leak, 867
Leachurch, 41
Leeds, 294
Lees (Norton), 294, 297
Leicester, 361
Leke, 43
Lenton, Priory of, 99, 418
Lichfield, 161, 373, 384,
385
Linacre, 167, 228
Linbery, 445, 446
Lincoln, 109
Lings, 180
Loades, 116
London Bridge, 138
Loughborough, 214, 887
Lowne, 258, 254
Lyndeby, 143

M
Macclesfield, 871
Mackworth, 444
Malta, 43, 182
Markeaton, 335
Marnham, 74
Marston-on-Dove, 311
Marston Moor, 178
Matlock, 162
Melbourne, 222, 400
Mercaston, 449
Milnhouse, 268
MoorhaU, 118, 185, 186
Monyash, 824, 332
Morleston, 83
Morley, 45, 291
Morton, 273-280, 291, 308,
416, 416, 417
Mossborough, 88, 226
Mountgrace, Priory of, 83
Mugginton, 275
Musselborough, 847, 856,
359
Mynyw, 311

N.
Newbold, 59, 121, 162, 176,
178-181, 184, -.i21, 405
Newcastle, 873
NewhaU, 41
Ne-wstead, Priory of, 241,
248, 324,473

Newton Solney, 55, 283
Norbury, 276, 157, 158, 169,
419
Normanton, South, 93,
283-287, 303, 337, 387,
439
Normanton, Temple, 182-
187, 376, 469
Norton, 8, 12, 31, 73, 74,
79, 208, 218, 222, 291-300,
473
Northampton, 824
NorthweUs, 339
Nottingham, 214, 269, 276,
285, 840

O.
Oakerthorpe, 437, 438
Ogston, 273, 277, 278, 291,
337, 339, 415
Okeover, 29
Osmaston, 286
Osuey, 461
Otley, 341
Owlcote (Oldcote), 372

Padley, 156
Palterton, 268, 321, 327, 474
Park Hall, 59, 416, 432, 477
Park HaU, Denby, 857
Parwich, 243
Peak Castle, 159
Pentrich, 437, 466
Petit QuevUly, 400
Peynstonbirst, 463
PUsley, 415, 416
Pinxton, 93, 283^ 303-307
Pisa, 130
Pleasley, 156, 268, 269, 279,
305, 811-818, 885
Plumley, 230
Pocknage, 116
Pontefract, 812

E.
Eadbourne, 158
EadcUffe, 333
RadcUffe-on-Soar, 26, 32
RepinghaU, 82
Repton, 69, 428
Rhodes, 43
Biddings, 14
Ripley, 487
Eipon, 312
Eisley, 277, 279
EoUeston Holt, 140
Eotherham, 36, 84
Eotherfield, 385, 416
Eothley, 43
Eowsley, 209
Eowthorn, 29, 241, 242, 253,
256, 268, 473
Eo-wton, 158
Eouen, 400

INDEX OF PLACES.

S.
Sandiacre, 202, "253, 267
271, 375 '
Scarcliffe, 268, 321-327 382
340, 384, 466, 474 '
Senor, 249, 431
Sherwood, 178
Sheyle, 288
Shipbrook, 247
Shirebrook, 315-318
Shiriand, 14, 203, 274, 275
280, 326, 331-841, 474, 475
Snodes-wic, 303
Somercotes, 143
SomersaU, 115
SouthiU, 396
SpinkhiU, 262
St. Neots, 360, 361
St, Thomas' Hospital, 385
Stamsby, 241, 246, 247,256,
370, 420
Staveley, 26, 55, 63, 88, 122
180, 208, 216,' 217, 227
230, 324, 339, 345-364,
370, 391, 392, 429, 475
Staveley HaU, 349, 356,
364
Staveley Woodthorpe, 62,
353 392
Steetley, 393, 399—402, 475,
476
Stockesley, 47
Stoke, 215
Stoney Houghton, 315, 415
Stretton, 291, 833,-415
Stubley, 210
Stuffyn, 318
Sudbury, 93
Sutton Coldfleld, 374
Sutton-in-the-Dale, 115,
160, 183, 241, 247, 273,
317—380, 385, 421
Swanwick, 12, 459
Swarkestone, 29, 59

T.
Taddington, 95
Tamworth, 28
Tapton, 121, 178, 139
Tatteshall, 439, 443
Temple Normanton, 182—
Temple Eothlej^, 29
TeversaU, 29, 38
Thathwayt, 338, 474
Theddlethorpe, 83
Thorpe, 332
Thriberg, 34
Throwley, 29
Thurgarton, Priory of , 93,
161, 235-237, 268, 416
416,423,481,465,470,473
Thurleston, 430
TibsheU, 227, 253, 383-
387
Tissington, 243, 822
Totley, 79, 218
TroweU, 316, 318
Trussebut, 93
Tuxford, 424 U.
Unston, 201, 202, 208
Upton, 27, 158, 339
W.
Wadshelf, 116, 178, 415
Wakebridge, 51
Wakefield, 67
Walesho, 83
Walkington, 246
WaUsteeds, 216
Walton, 28, 114, 140, 141,
146, 156, 167, 188, 189,
352, 368, 369
Ware, 209
Warsop Wood, 311

495
Warwick Castle, 187
Wassington, 415
Wednesbury, 29
Welbeck, 74, 128, 378—380
392, 393, 394, 400, 416—
418
Weldon, 31
Weoby, 335
Whitehall, 398
White Ladies, 385
Whittington, 41, 68, 121,
133, 164, 157, 177, 178'
253, 263, 863, 405— 4U
461 '
WhitweU, 51, 5% 60, 83,
101, 225, 391—397
Wigley, 116, 178
WiUiamfeld, 468
WiUiamthorpe, 415, 416
Wimeswold, 3, 73, 291
Windsor, 171
Wiufield, North, 113, 137,
157, 178, 180, 185, 195,
243, 249, 256, 273, 274,
275, 322, 837, 338, 353,
370, 378, 376, 415—434,
4.54, 468, 477
Winfield, Sonth, 21, 47,
227, 437—444, 477
Wingerworth, 109, 111, 201,
264, 449—456
Wirks-worth, 156, 316, 318,
349
Wiverton, 29, 81
WoUey, 278
Woodseats, 12, 66, 69, 216
Worksop, 57, 58, 78, 399
Wynefield, 321

Y.
Yeaveley, 183
Yelvertoft, 29
Youlgreave, 292

PBINTED BY BEMBOSE AND SONS, LONDON AND DEBBY.