YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

Compentrtous J&tstorg of gmssex.

A COMPENDIOUS

tstorp Of §5>U60tJC,

TOPOGRAPHICAL, ARCHAEOLOGICAL & ANECDOTICAL.

Containing an Index to the first Twenty Volumes of the
" Sussex Archaeological Collections."

3Sg J^tatfc intone ftotoer, ffl&tf
FELLOW OF THE SOCIETIES OF ANTIQUARIES OF NORMANDY, AMERICA, NEWCASTLE-
UPON-TYNE, MEMBER OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF CAEN, AND ONE
OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE SUSSEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

VOL. II.

LEWES:— GEO. P. BACON.
LONDON:— JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36, SOHO SQUARE.
BRIGHTON :— W. J. SMITH.

1870.

HISTORY OF SUSSEX.

JEVINGTON.
A parish in the Hundred of Willingdon ; Rape of Pevensey ; distant five
miles south-west from Hailsham, and about the same distance from
Eastbourne. Post-town, Eastbourne. Railway station, Polegate,
distant about two miles. Union, Eastbourne. Population in 1811,
280; in 1861, 263. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £400 ; Patron, the
Duke of Devonshire ; Incumbent, Rev. H. T. Grace, M.A., of Pem
broke College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1661.
Acreage, 2,099.
This parish lies wholly on the South Downs, and the village,
though in a valley, occupies a lofty site, the wells being almost
200 feet deep. Its aspect is highly romantic, and the Downs
are seen in perfection. Harewick or Harrick Bottom (perhaps
from the Anglo-Saxon here and wic — the stronghold of an army)
has conspicuous marks of an ancient camp. The manor has
been successively in the families of St. Clere, Parker, and
Spencer, Earl of Wilmington. From the last-mentioned it has
passed to the Duke of Devonshire. Jevington Rectory is also a
manor. The manor-house has some marks of antiquity. Wan-
nock was the seat of the family of Rochester, and at Filching
there is a fine old timbered house. James Lambert, the well-
known local artist, who so copiously illustrated the researches of
Sir William Burrell, was born at Jevington in 1725. (" Sussex
Worthies," p. 39.)
The church (St. Andrew) has a nave, with north aisle and
chancel. A massive square tower at the west end has very
ancient, and I think, pre-Norman, features. Affixed to the east
wall of the tower, inside, is a very rude early carving, about two
feet in height, representing our Saviour bruising the head of the
serpent — probably Anglo-Saxon art. There are memorials for
the names of Markwick, Eversfield, Rochester, Manningham,
Collier, &c. One of the bells is inscribed to St. Katherine.
[S. A. C. Manor-rents, xiv, 263. Filching stream, xv, 157. Bells,
xvi, 215.]
VOL. II. B

HISTORY OF SUSSEX.

KEYMER.

Domesday, Chemer ; vulgo, Kymer ; a parish in the Hundred of Buttmg-
hill ; Rape of Lewes ; distant ten miles north from Brighton. Post-
town, Hurst-Pierpoint. It has two stations of the Brighton and South
Coast railway, viz., Hassock's Gate and Burgess Hill. Union, Cuck-
field. Population in 1811, 536 ; at present, upwards of 2,000. Bene •
fice, a Perpetual Curacy annexed to the rectory of Clayton ; Patron,
Brasenose College; Incumbent, the Ven. James Garbett, M.A.,
Archdeacon of Chichester. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1601 ;
Acreage, 3,538.
This formerly obscure little village has risen, in conse
quence of railway communication between London and Brighton,
to be a place of rising population and importance. The prin
cipal points are St. John's Common and Burgess-hill, formerly
by-words, but now the favourite retreats of the prosperous
traders of Brighton, who have handsome villa residences here.
The parish is long and narrow, and. commands, from various
points, picturesque views of the South Down range of hills,
near whose foot it stands, and over the adjacent Wealden district.
At the date of Domesday, William de Wateville held Chemer.
The powerful and ubiquitous Azor had held it of the Confessor.
It contained fourteen hides, and the arable was twenty-five
plough lands. There were 36 villeins and eleven bondmen, a
church, three ministri, forty acres of meadow, two mills, and
seven nouses in Lewes. Before the Conquest the manor was
estimated at £14, but at the time of the Survey at £12. It
passed like Clayton, from the De Warennes to the Fitz-Alans.
On the attainder of Richard, Earl of Arundel, in 1397, it was
forfeited to the Crown, but was restored to his family on the
accession of Henry VI. After many changes of proprietorship
of no historical interest, it passed to the family of Cook, and
was successively purchased by the Chatfields and Bayntuns. The
manor extends into the somewhat remote parishes of Balcombe,
Bolney, Worth, and Cuckfield. The manor courts were held
at Brookland, an old farm-house on Valebridge or Walbridge
Common. One of the Domesday mills which stood near the
source of the stream issuing from the chalk-hill, no longer
exists. Valebridge appears to represent the other mill, and
there is a large pond, formerly perhaps connected with iron
works. About half a century ago the pond bay gave way, and
rushed through the mill-house, which stood at a lower level
carrying everything before it, including a bed upon which a
woman was lying. Happily this singular voyage was impeded
by some great branches of trees, which stopped the vessel, and
the passenger escaped without detriment !

KEYMER. 3
The manor of Ockley belonged, temp. Henry III., to Nicholas
de Hogan, by the service of half a knight's fee and three barbed
arrows, payable to the barony of Lewes. In the early part of
the seventeenth century it was the property of George Luxford,
Esq., whose descendants possessed it for several generations.
Ultimately it passed to the ancient Sussex family of Wood, and
is now the property of James Wood, Esq. The estate called
Oldland was purchased in 34th Henry VIII., of the Michelbornes,
by John Turner, whose descendants were connected, through
many generations, with this parish and Ditchling, and are now
somewhat widely dispersed through the county.
The church (the dedication of which I cannot ascertain) is
thus described by Mr. Hussey (1852). It consists of " chancel,
nave, south porch, and west tower. The chancel is apsidal, not
merely rounded at the extremity, but the curve commences from
the junction of the nave. The chancel arch is round, the piers
being square blocks of masonry, with abaci at the spring of the
arch. One small Norman window is visible, though closed ; the
others are Decorated insertions. The tower, which, with the
rest of the building, has been greatly patched and plastered, is
in two stages, the lower Norman," and. the upper, apparently of
later date, yet early. The low shingled spire is a curious piece
of work, as if one had been capped over by another. I have
seen such instances in Normandy, but never elsewhere in Eng
land. So much for the building in 1852 ; but since that time
nearly the whole edifice has been re-constructed, after the
modern taste, with several additions and much ornamentation,
concerning which one may say, " De gustibus," &c. However,
it is a handsome little edifice, and reflects credit on the architect,
Mr. E. E. Scott. There are inscriptions to the memory of the
families of Luxford and Plumer. A new district church (St.
John) was erected for the accommodation of the parishes of
Clayton and Keymer, in 1863. The benefice is in the patronage
of the rector, the Incumbent being the Rev. George Kirk
Weston, M.A. From the name of St. John's Common in this
parish, it is presumed that a chapel with that dedication formerly
existed there. Gault prevails in this parish, and excellent bricks
and pottery are made; and there is a large annual fair for sheep,
&c, which is known in the vernacular as " St. Joneses fair."
[S. A. C. Domesday mills, v, 271. Encaustic tiles, xii, 10. xvi, 126.
xviii, 189. Chapel of St. John, xiii, 46. Family of Turner of Oldland,
xiii, 251. xvii, 111,248. Michelborne family, xiii, 251. Church, xvi, 134.
Bells, xvi, 215. St. John's Common, xvi, 251. River Adur, xvi, 251.
Mural paintings, xvii, 249. Flint Celt, xviii, 64. Ockley manor, xx, 27.
Knights Hospitallers, xx, 27.]
b 2

4 HISTORY OP SUSSEX.
KINGSTON-JUXTA-LEWES.
A parish in the Hundred of Swanborough ; Rape of Lewes ; distant two
miles south-west of Lewes, its Post-town and Railway station. Union,
Newhaven. Population, in 1811, 149 ; in 1861, 137. Benefice, united
with Iford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1654. Acreage, 1,653.
Chief Landowner, the Rev. John Goring, of Wiston.
It lies chiefly on the South Downs, from the highest point of
which, in this range, is a magnificent view over the north-east
portion of the county. Kingston, though traditionally deriving
its name from the Saxon Kings, is not mentioned in Domesday.
The church is named in a charter of Bishop Seffrid, about the
year 1200 ; and in 1397 Richard II. granted the manor to
Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, and it was afterwards held by the
Priory of Lewes until the Dissolution. After the attainder
of Thomas, Lord Cromwell, it was held by the Crown until about
28th Elizabeth, when it was in the hands of Sir Philip Sydney,
who left it to his daughter, Elizabeth, Countess of Rutland. In
the 17th century it belonged to the Vinalls, and at a later period
to Robert Maitland, Esq., from whom it passed by sale to the
Gorings of Wiston. The manor-house is ancient, apparently of
the Early English period ; but it has been much mutilated within
the last few years.* The church, which belongs to the early
part of the 14th century, and which was much injured by light
ning in 1865, consists of a nave, chancel, and a very small square
tower, with a tiled roof. It has three bells, two of which are ancient,
and inscribed respectively to St. Mary and St. Anne. It contains
memorials of the family of Vinall, and in the church-yard are
others for those of Zouch,f Ade, Glover, Rogers, &c. In a lane
leading from the village to Ashcombe there is a sand-pit, a
habitat of the sand-martin, rare in this district ; and near it is
a kind of tumulus, called " Nan Kemp's grave." There is a
tradition that this "Nan," whoever she was, murdered her
infant, committed suicide, and was buried in this " crossways."
[S. A. C. Drinker acre, ix, 305. Goblin charcoal-spinner, xiii, 226.
Cockshut stream, xv, 163. Alchorne of, xvi, 49. Bells, xvi, 215. Cade's
insurrection, xviii, 29. Smythwick, xviii, 29. Vinall family, xviii, 39.]

KINGSTON (near Worthing).
A small parish, or rather fragment of one, containing 582
acres of land, and from 40 to 50 inhabitants. Mr. Hussey
* The present occupant of the house is my friend Mr. Joseph Cooper PSA h
well appreciates and preserves the relies of this ancient abode. ' ' °
t The last of this family, known as "Madam Zouch," was burnt to denH-, ,•„ «.
hall of Kingston manor-house in the year 1730. n the

KINGSTON BOWSE Y. 5
(" Churches," p. 246) has given so excellent an account of this
place, that I shall content myself with an abstract of his
article : — " Great part of this parish, the church included,
appears to have been absorbed by the sea. It is now, though
nominally a rectory, annexed to the vicarage and parish of
Eerring. The old register still exists, reaching from a.d. 1570
to 1660, after which date there is no further entry, whence we
may conjecture that the church ceased to be used in 1661. The
register is styled that of the chapel of Kingston. In the remaining
portion of this parish near the sea, the Vicar of Eerring possesses
about 1^ acre of glebe, which has been suggested as the pos
sible site of the destroyed church ; but no foundations or vestiges
of masonry are visible in the field.. A map of the early part of
the 17th century shows ' Kingston Chapel,' and a similar
entry occurs in Hondius' map of 1610, and in Kip's and Cam
den's. A tradition of the country points out certain rocks in
the sea, below high-water mark, as the site of the church. It
is more probable that it stood in the neighbourhood of the
field above-mentioned, where, on each side of the road, it is
quite evident there were formerly several houses." Thus, as at
Cudlow, Middleton, Selsey, and many other parishes, the sea,
restrained within no fixed Hmits, has gradually eaten away our
southern coast —
" And fishes swim where birds were wont to sing."

KINGSTON BOWSEY.

Domesday, Chingestun ; vulgo, Kingston-by-Sea ; a parish in the Half-
Hundred of Fishersgate ; Rape of Bramber ; distant one mile east
from Shoreham, which is its Post-town. It has a Railway station on
the South Coast line. Union, Steyning. Population in 1811, 60 ; in
1861,93. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £280. Patron, Lord Lecon-
field ; Incumbent, Rev. W. Onions Purton, M.A. Date of earliest
Parish Register, 1591. Acreage, 799. Chief Landowner, Wilham
Pennington Gorringe, Esq., who possesses nearly the whole parish,
and resides at Kingston House.
The river Adur, after many changes of outlet, now debou
ches at Kingston Harbour, and this once unimportant parish has
a considerable amount of trade in consequence of its being the
station of the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway for
merchandise landed at the port of Shoreham. Bonding ware
houses, ponds, quays, corn warehouses, malthouses, shipbuilding
yards, coke-ovens, &c, have been constructed, and have rendered
this small parish of more note than when it boasted of Saxon
Kings as its owners. According to Domesday, it had been held

6 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
by Azor of King Harold. Under the new dynasty, Ralph
held the principal part of W. de Braose. A church then existed.
Prom the 12th to the 14th century the Norman family of De Buci,
or Bowsey, were lords, and gave their name as a suffix, which
has been ignorantly corrupted to "by sea." Later possessors
were Eyfhide and Sondes. Erom temp. Henry VII. to the middle
of the 17th century it belonged to the Lewknors, then to Eagge
and Norton, which last sold it in 1798 to William Gorrmge,
Esq. The manor-house has traces of temp. Henry VII. and
VEIL, and is supposed to have been originally much larger.
The church (St. Julian) has Norman and Early English fea
tures, with Decorated and Perpendicular insertions. In the
north wall of the chancel is a recessed tomb of about 1500 —
probably of a Lewknor, whose arms occur in an adjoining
window, and also on the rood-screen. The tower, which is
vaulted, stands between the nave and the chancel, and a dilapi
dated north aisle was removed in the last century. There are
many memorials for the family of Blaker, and for the names of
Dawson, Mills, Monke, and Norton. The building is admirably
kept, and forms a good study for the artist.
[S. A. C. William, parson of the church of St. Julian of Kyngeston,
ix, 235. Smugglers, x, 81. Manor, and " Bullockers," xiii, 48. Bell, xvi,
215. Buci family, and river Adur, xvi, 255. Lewknor, xvii, 97. Civil mar
riages at Glynde, xix, 202.]

KIRDFOED.
Vulgo, Kard-foord, and Kay-foord ; a parish in the Hundred of Rother-
bridge ; Rape of Arundel ; distant five miles north-east of Petworth,
its Post-town and Union. Railway station, Billingshurst, distant about
six miles. Population in 1811, 1,452; in 1861, 1,784. Benefice, a
Vicarage, valued at £500 ; Patron, Lord Leconfield ; Incumbent,
Rev. John Francis Cole, B.A., of Worcester College, Oxford. Date
of earliest Parish Register, 1569. Acreage, more than 15,000. Chief
Landowners, the Earl of Winterton, Lord Leconfield, representatives
of the late Lady Newburgh, John Napper, Esq., William Peachey,
Esq., Richard Hasler, Esq. Seats, Shillinglee Park, Earl of Winter-
ton ; If old, J. Napper, Esq.; Ebernowe, William Peachey, Esq. ;
Barkfold, Captain Barwell, &c.
This, as will be seen by the figures above, is a very large
l^' J* f a\S0 historica% interesting and important. In
519 Cerdic founder of the West-Saxon kingdom, fought a great
battle _ with the Britons, at a place called in the Saxon
Chronicle Cerdices-ford. Mr. Hussey (p. 247) thinks this
conflict occurred here— serf dubito, as Charford in Hampshire

KIRDFOED. 7
seems to have a superior claim. The soil is generally a stiff
clay, and there is much rough, heathy land, with coppice and
timber. Sussex marble, a geological deposit of fresh water shells,
imbedded in petrified mud, and called Petworth marble, Laugh-
ton marble, &c, is quarried in its best condition in this parish.
It appears in many churches and mansions in Sussex, and is the
finest stone, when properly polished, that the county can pro
duce. The Archbishop's chair at Canterbury is composed of
it. Some of the slabs of this beautiful material dug up in this
parish have been three feet thick and seven feet long.
Kirdford does not occur in Domesday, eo nomine ; but in the
reign of Henry L, one of the sons of Roger de Montgomeri, Earl
of Arundel and Chichester, endowed the abbey of Seez in Nor
mandy with the church of Kuerdford.
The principal manor in the parish is Schullinglegh, or Shil
linglee, which was attached to the Honour of Arundel, and the
Earls had a great park here. When Henry VIII. made forced
exchanges with his subjects about 1542, the Crown-parker,
Richard Bowyer, got possession, and Shillinglee was annexed to
the Honour of Petworth ; but it was afterwards re-annexed to
the Arundel estate. In 1616, Thomas, Earl of Arundel, sold the
manor to Gerard Gore, Alderman of London, for £4,587. His
heiress, Sarah, married Sir Edward Tumour, Chief-baron of the
Exchequer, of an ancient Suffolk family, dating from temp.
Henry IV. The second son of this marriage established himself
at Shillinglee, and ultimately the estate was transmitted through
a female line to Edward Turnour Garth, Esq. In 1581 the park
of Shillinglee is described as being six miles in compass within
the pale, and a right is recognized that the farmer of the par
sonage should have, in a " mast year " {i.e., when acorns were
plentiful), the right of feeding 30 hogs, or more, for seven weeks.
The house and park of Shillinglee are situated in the northern
part of the parish. The mansion was built in the early part
of the 18th century, and in 1778 the first Ear] of Winterton
added a south front, with an elegant vestibule and several excel
lent rooms. The present Earl of Winterton, fourth in descent
from the first peer, possesses a large portion of the great tithes.
The house is surrounded by very picturesque forest scenery, and
there is a lake of 70 acres. Including Ash Park, King's Park,
&c, the ring fence comprises more than six thousand acres.
Another considerable estate in Kirdford is Pleistow, or Plat-
stow, parcel of the manor of Slyndon, once belonging to the see
of Canterbury, and it is said that the Archbishops occasionally
retired hither, and had a private oratory. (Dallaway.) This
estate has descended in the same line as Slyndon. A large
farm and estate at Playstow belonged for several generations to
the families of Steere and Lee.

8 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Hibeenow, Ibeenhoo, or Ebeenowe, a very ancient ma°°^
was attached to the Honour of Arundel. Henry VI11., m °
of his forced exchanges— that made with William, & ar i o
Arundel— seized this manor. The Crown retained it till io»&
It afterwards passed to John Brown, and from him to donn
Smyth, citizen of London. Another line of descent is given Dy
other authorities, who state that it was appendant to the manor
of Halnaker; that it was confirmed in 1542 to Thomas, Lord la
Warr; in 1554 to Henry, Earl of Arundel; and m 1593 to
Anthony, Viscount Montague. Both accounts agree that it was
purchased in 1703 by William Peachey, Esq., and descended to
his family. The parish contains the three manors of Pairing-
ham, Bedeham, and Barkfold. In the early part of the present
century, Edward Napper, Esq., of Ifold, built a commodious
mansion. The Benefice was given to the Abbey of Seez, in Nor
mandy. At the Dissolution, it passed to Henry, Earl of Arundel,
and at a later date from Lord John Lumley to Sir Peter Bettes-
worth. Prom that family it descended to Sir Richard Worsley,
Bart. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is spacious, with a lofty
tower at the west end. There are monumental inscriptions to
the families of Peachey, Winterton, &c. A few years since, during
repairs, several mural paintings were brought to light. At the
east end was the Crucifixion ; and on other walls, St. Nicholas
restoring to life two children who had been salted down in a
tub ; St. Catherine on her wheel ; a king exhorted to good by a
counsellor on one side, and to evil by a demon on the other ; and
(apparently) the Adoration of the Magi. These have mostly been
plastered over, and the present incumbent had careful drawings
of them. The chapel at Plaistow is dependent on Kirdford
church. The old church, being in a state of dilapidation, was
replaced by a new and larger one in 1856, dedicated to the
Holy Trinity.
It appears that the manufacture of glass was carried on here
in 1581, when " David, son of Mr. Barry, glassmaker, stranger,
was baptized." The fact of glassmaking ever having been car
ried on in this county has been doubted. Charnock's " Breviary
of Philosophy " has the following lines on the subject : —
" As for glassmakers they be scant in this land,
Vet one there is as I do understand,
And in Sussex now is his habitation,
At Chedingfold he works of his occupation."
Chiddingfold is within a short distance of Kirdford although
just within the county of Surrey. '
[S. A. C. Iron-works, ii, 212. Church of, xii, 93. xix, 103. Osbornes
of, xii, 93 Floats of, xii, 94. Pleistow chapel, xii, 94. Shillinglee ™
313. xvi, 256. Queen Elizabeth at, xiii, 313. Pleistow in xiii' 313

LAMBERI-IURST.

Arundel, Earl of, residing here, xiv, 8. Bonvilles lands in, xv, 59. Bells
of, xvi, 215. Pleistow bell, xvi, 220. Arun, river at, xvi, 256. Serf
woman stolen by Poachers, xvii, 120. Kempes had lands, &c, in, xix,

LAMBEEHUEST.

(Anglo-Saxon lambru (lambs) and hyrst — a woody place, but
suitable for the pasturage of lambs ?) The church and great
part of the village street are in Kent, in the Lathe of Aylesford .
The Sussex portion is in the Hundred of Loxfield-Camden. This
lies at the north-east corner of Pevensey rape. The Tyse, a
branch of the Medway, runs through the parish. The popula
tion does not exceed 1,700, and the area is, Kent, 3,590 ; Sussex,
1,700 acres. The principal residence is Court Lodge, the pro
perty of the Morland family.
The manor of Lamberhurst was held in ancient times by the
Norman family of Crevecoeur, and at later dates the names of
Lenham, Chidcroffc, and Kenith are connected with it. Nicholas
de Kenith gave it to Robertsbridge Abbey. Henry VIII.
granted it to Sir Henry Sydney. In 1607 it passed to the family
of Porter, and after several changes it was purchased temp.
George I. by William Morland, Esq. Hodleigh, another manor,
belonged to the canons of Lingfield in Surrey, and at the Dis
solution it was granted to the Cardens, and passed from them
to the Pilmers.
Scotnev Castle, in this parish, gave name to the family of
De Scotney. The manor lies chiefly in the Sussex portion. The
house is castellated, and surrounded by a moat ; but of the
original building few traces remain. The most conspicuous of
the ancient proprietors was Walter de Scotney, who was tried
and hanged at Winchester in 1259 for administering poison to
Richard, Earl of Gloucester, and his brother William, from
which the former died. After the extinction of this family, it
passed, temp. Edward III., to the Ashburnhams, and by them was
sold to Henry Chicheley, Archbishop of Canterbury, whose niece
conveyed it by marriage to John Darrell, of Cale Hill, in Kent,
Esq. In 1 774 John Darrell, Esq., sold it to Mr. John Richards,
of Robertsbridge, of whom it was purchased by Edward Hussey,
Esq., grandfather of Edward Hussey, Esq., the present owner.
Batham Abbey is partly in this parish. (See that article.)
Lamberhurst formerly possessed the largest iron-manufactory
in Sussex. Gloucester Eurnace, partly in this parish and partly
in Wadhurst, was the greatest establishment in the south of
England. Large cannons were cast here, and some, it is said,
were smuggled to France, for the use of privateers acting against

10 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
England. Here is said to have been wrought the great balus
trade round St. Paul's, which cost more than £11,000, thougn
Mayfield disputes this. There seem to have been chapels in
this parish called respectively Passeley and La Leake, lne
former may have been in Ticehurst.
[S. A. C. Iron-works, ii, 212. iii, 241. Scotneys of, viii, 153. xiii, 171.
xvi, 272. Chapels, xiii, 47. Stannyndens of, xiii, 92. Grant ot lands by
Elizabeth, xiii, 110. An Ashburnham at Agincourt, xv, 125. River lyse
or Tees,xvi, 272. " Little Sussex" and Beaul-bourne, xvi, 272. London
road to Rye, xix, 166.]

LANCING.
Domesday, Lancings ; a parish in the Hundred of Brightford ; Rape of
Bramber ; distant two miles north-east from Worthing ; Post-town,
Shoreham. It has a Railway station. Population in 1811, 519 ; in
1861, 901. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £151 ; Patron, Bishop of
London ; Incumbent, Rev. Frederick Fisher Watson, M.A., of Caius
College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1580. Acreage,
2,524. Chief Landowner , Lieut.-Colonel Carr Lloyd, Manor-house.
Before the Conquest Lewin held Lancings of the Confessor;
subsequently Robert held it of William de Braose, Lord of Bram
ber. Lewin was assessed at 16 hides and a roodland. Robert,
his Norman successor, had 12 hides and 1| rood. The arable
was five plough-lands. There were in the demesne 13 villeins
and 7 bondmen. There was a mill, and also 7 salt-pans. Two
Knights possessed, besides, 2f hides and 11 salt-pans. Two
Ralphs are mentioned among the tenants, one of whom had five
additional salt-pans. This proves that the manufacture of salt
in this seaboard parish was formerly of considerable extent.
The ante-Domesday rental was £9, and subsequently £7. The
details of the survey of Lancings are particularly minute. About
the end of the 13th century, Ranulf de Broc, and John de Gad-
desden, held each two knights' fees in Lancing and the neigh
bourhood. The manors of South Lancing, North Lancing,
Monks, and Lyons, originally very small, have long been united
in the proprietorship of one lord. The manors of South Lan
cing and Lyons belonged to the great estate of Robert le Sau-
vage, and descended as Broadwater. Those of North Lancing
with Monks after haying been long in the possession of the
families of Avenel and De Brok, came, perhaps by marriase
into that of Poynings. Temp. Henry VII. it was sold to Sir
Reginald Bray, who transferred it to George, Lord Aber°-avennv
Subsequently it was m the Goring family, and so descended to
the Biddulphs, as Burton. These formerly distinct, but now

LANCING. 11
united, manors, extend, according to Cartwright, from West
sea-mills gate, in Broadwater, to a place where the Adur (be
fore the new cut was made about 1760) debouched into the sea,
and thence ascend the old course of the river in the middle of
the stream beyond the bridge. There has long been a question
of right of foreshore between the lords of Lancing and their east
ern neighbour. If the river is to be taken as the limit of the
two lordships, the boundary must have changed many times, as
there has been a constant tendency of the Adur, as of nearly all
our Sussex rivers, towards the east, caused by the dashing of
the Atlantic wave, driven by the south-west winds, up the
English Channel. Even now, as I write, the question of the
boundary of Lancing manor is sub lite. The Adur first and
naturally debouched at Shoreham, but at subsequent periods, by
the force of Caurus, it was driven eastward to different points
almost as far as Brighton, and has frequently found its outlet far
from the present one of Kingston harbour, which is so fortified
by human agency that it seems probable that it will remain
there. In the meantime, who has right to the foreshore to the
south of this bend of the Adur ? Let lawyers decide by the law
ofwrecca maris.* In 1684, Sir William Goring embanked 600
acres of land in this parish, by which he made a valuable addi
tion to his land called the " Salts-farm." The manors of North
and South Lancing were sold, in 1827, by John Biddulph, Esq.,
to James Martin Lloyd, Esq., and they now belong to Colonel
George Carr Lloyd. There are two other manors of small ex
tent in the parish called Lancing and Grants ; the latter named
after the family of Le Graunt, who possessed it in 1309. It
afterwards (1567) passed to the Boords. It ultimately became
the property of the Lloyds. There is, besides, a small manor
on the north side of the parish, called How in Domesday, and
now How Court. At the date of Domesday William Fitz-Bar-
nard held it of William de Warenne. It had been previously
held by Earl Godwin at six hides. Six salt-pans are mentioned,
showing that the manor extended either to the sea or the Adur,
then, perhaps, an estuary. Before the Conquest it was valued
at £4 ; afterwards at £6. This manor descended, by consan
guinity or purchase, through the families of De Combes, Hal-
sham, Shirley, and Caryll, to that of Lloyd. The manor, ac
cording to Cartwright, pays tithe of corn and hay of about 294
acres to the rector of West Grinstead, and of about 45 to the
vicar of Henfield.
Mr Hussey thinks " it may be admitted a probable conjecture
that this parish derives its name from Wlencing, one of the sons
of Mils,, the founder of the South Saxon kingdom." Considerable
* This suit has just been decided against the lord of Lancing.

12 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
foundations of buildings, a bath, coins, interments, &c., .were
discovered on Lancing Down in 1828, but were destroyed aj an
ignorant proprietor. The coins range from Claudius to braui-
enus, showing a long possession of the spot by the Romans.
Full particulars of the discovery will be found in the scarce ana
extremely valuable " Collectanea Antiqua " of Mr. Charles Roach
Smith, F.S.A., Vol. i, 92.
The great tithes, with the exceptions just mentioned, were
given by Sir Michael de Poynings to the Friary of Motmden, m
the parish of Headcorn in Kent. It is curious to note that the
lands at this period (the time of Edward III.) were valued at
threepence per acre. The priest, however, received £23 6s. 8d.
per annum. At the dissolution of the monasteries it was ex
changed for certain lands in the see of Lincoln. Afterwards it
passed, by lease, through the family of Barttelot to that of Lloyd.
Mention is made in the Nonas rolls (1341) of lands and a water-
mill destroyed by the sea.
The church (St. James) is composed of tower, chancel, nave,
and north and south aisles. The porch on the south side, and
the west door, are described by Cartwright as Early Norman.
There are additions and insertions of much later styles. The
tower stands between the nave and chancel, and seems to have
been much loftier than at present. It appears that in 1618 the
upper part of the tower was taken down, and the present pyra
midal cap added. In the chancel there is " an arch of the age
of Edward III., under which was no doubt anciently an effigy."
(Cartwright.) The following names are commemorated on monu
mental stones in this church ; Martin, Temple, Lloyd, Bartlett,
Pyxe, Bury, Jones, Winton, Tanner, Hersee, Olliver, Nash, &c.
In the parish register is the following curious entry : — " John
Wolven, commonly called the honest man, buried June 13, 1691 ."
In 1685 many persons died of an infectious distemper. It is
singular that, from 1669 to 1673,the funerals at New Shoreham
are registered here.
In this parish, on a commanding height, stands an extensive
building, called St. Nicholas' College, founded for the purpose
of educating boys of the middle classes in what are called "high
church" principles. The edifice is handsome and commodious,
and was erected chiefly through the exertions of the Rev.N. Wood-
ard, D.C.L., who is styled provost, not only of this school, but of
similar establishments at Hurst-Pierpoint, Shoreham, Ardingly,
and elsewhere. The Rev. R. E. Sanderson, M.A., assisted by
several other clergymen, has charge of this important school.
[S. A. C. Domesday watermill, v, 271. Church, xii, 107. De Broc
xv, 15. Rents to Boxgrove, v. 119. Bells, xvi, 215. How .Court, xix 68*
Shirleys of, xix, 68.]

LAUGHTON. 13
LANGNEY, vulgo Langley.
Langney Point is an advanced tongue of shingle, situated
about three miles south-west of Pevensey, at the extremity of
Pevensey Bay. The shingle, driven hither by heavy south-west
tides, is at one point upwards of a mile across, and is patched here
and there with furze. Near it is a large lagoon called Crumble
Pond. Langney is locally in the parish of Westham. It is now
a farm, and was anciently a grange belonging to the Priory of
Lewes. The lands were granted, or confirmed, by divers bene
factors, William Malfield, his wife and two sons, Simon de Ech-
ingham, Peter of Savoy, and King Henry III. The De Eching-
hams, however, reserved certain rights over the monks of Lewes,
such as meat, drink, and lodgment for themselves, their horses,
palfreys, grooms, and hunting-dogs during three days per annum,
and the instruction of their servitor in the duties of a cook in
the monks' kitchen. This claim was found burdensome by the
brethren, and so in 1308, Sir William de Echingham accepted
£100 by way of commutation. It is curious to note that a pow
erful Baron, for such he was, should seek the assistance of " ab
stemious monks " in his cuisine. The house at Langney, though
much modernized, retains several vestiges of its former state,
including a beautiful chapel, which was nearly entire when I
visited the spot some years since.

LAUGHTON.

Domesday, Lestone ; a parish in the Hundred of Shiplake ; Rape of
Pevensey; distant six miles north-east from Lewes, its Railway sta
tion ; Post-town, Hawkhurst ; Union, Hailsham. Population in
1811, 612 ; in 1861, 742. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £256.
Patron, the Earl of Chichester ; Incumbent, Rev. Charles Dennis
Charlton, M.A., of St. John's College, Cambridge. Date of earliest
Parish Register, 1650. Acreage, 5,075. Chief Landowner, the
Earl of Chichester, who possesses nearly the whole of the parish.
Seat, Laugh ton Lodge, Sir James Duke, Bart. , formerly Lord Mayor
of London.
This is a parish of diversified soil and level, and of almost
every variety of character, from a rich alluvial valley to wood
lands and uplands of comparatively small value. The freshwater
shelly concretion, called Sussex marble, is found in the south
part of the parish, and is locally known as Laughton marble.
The tributary of the Ouse, named the Ritch, flows through
Laughton Level. The manor of Laughton, one of the most
extensive in this part of Sussex, includes the greater part of the
hundred of Shiplake, and has sub-infeudations both within and
beyond that boundary. In Saxon times Earl Godwin held it,

14 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
and after the Conquest it passed with the rape to the Barltf
Moreton. There were 16 salt-pans on the estuary oi trie xcrccn.
During the Edwardian period the manor belonged successively
to the great families of Badlesmere, Spenser, and De Vere. ine
next lords were the Pelhams, who have held it in continuity lor
the last five centuries, and the Earl of Chichester still has from
it his second title, Baron Pelham of Laughton.
Laughton Place was the seat of the chivalrous Sir John Pel
ham, who, in 1356, at the battle of Poictiers, took prisoner
John, King of France, and so won the far-famed Pelham badge
of the Buckle, which is still to be seen on many a church tower
in East Sussex. The house, which is moated, was rebuilt in
1534 by Sir William Pelham, and still presents some features of
the fortalice of that date. It is built of brick, and contains
some beautifully moulded ornaments, among which the Buckle
is conspicuous. In the reign of Elizabeth the Pelhams re
moved their chief residence from this house to Halland, where
they built a splendid mansion on the site of the seat of the
Halle family. (See Ore.) This mansion was on the borders of
Laughton and East Hothly, the boundary line of the parishes
passing through the site. (See East Hothly.)
The church is composed of chancel, nave, and west tower, in
styles varying from Early English to Decorated. The chancel,
which serves as a mausoleum for the Pelham family, was rebuilt
by the Duke of Newcastle in the last century. The vaults
beneath contain the mortal remains of a long line of that illus
trious race. In the spandrels of the doorway of the tower are
the arms of Pelham and Colbrand, the latter family having
formerly been owners of the estate called Colbrand's in this
parish. There are inscriptions for the names of Pelham, Benge,
Wenham, Courthope, &c.
Chamber's Court, in this parish, was the original seat of the
ancient family of De la Chambre, afterwards of Litlington,
Rodmell, Denton, East Bourne, and Chyngton. It is now a
small farmhouse only.
[S. A. C. King Edward I. visits, i, 138. Laughton Place, vii, 64.
xv, 163. xvi, 292. xvii, 249. Pelham family, iv, 125. x, 211. xiv, 234.
xvi, 292, 296. xvii, 249. Duke of Newcastle, xi, 219. Shoosmith family,
xii, 255. Land given by Queen Elizabeth, xiii, 48. Family of De la
Chambre, xiii, 258.- xiv, 213. Salt-pans, xiv, 211. Broomham, xiv, 213.
Peckham, xiv, 221,227. Ritch river, xv, 163. Bells, xvi, 215. Oratory at
Laughton, xvii, 249. Jack Cade's adherents, xviii, 25. Park of xix 173.1
EAST LAVANT.
A Parish in the Hundred of Aldwick, Rape of Chichester • dista t 91
miles north-west from Chichester, its Post-town and Railway staf 2

EAST LAVANT. 15
Union, West Hampnett. Population in 1811, 348; in 1861, with
West Lavant, 421. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £410; Patron,
Lord Willoughby de Broke ; Incumbent, Rev. Henry Legge, M.A.,
of Christ Church, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1653.
Acreage, 2,884. Chief Landowner, the Duke of Richmond.
Like the other two villages bearing this name, it derives
its designation from the little river Lavant, which finds its outlet
at Chichester Harbour. West Lavant, a tything belonging to
this parish, is separated from it by Mid Lavant, which inter
venes. The Domesday manor of Loventune, or Levitone, by
which this place is supposed to be meant, was held, in the time
of the Confessor, by Godwin, a priest, and afterwards by
Osborne, Bishop of Exeter. It was assessed at six hides, and was
appropriated to the church of Bosham. It was afterwards trans
ferred to the see of Canterbury, and subsequently came to the
Crown. In 1560 Queen Elizabeth granted it to Sir Richard
Baker, and in 1775 it was sold to Charles, third Duke of
Richmond. The church (St. Mary) has Norman features, and consists of
an ancient nave, with a chancel of much later date. The floor,
says Horsfield, has slabs of Sussex marble, ornamented with
crosses, one of which bears, in Lombardic characters, the legend
" Priez qui passez par ici, pur l'alme Luci de Mildebi." "All
you that pass by, pray for the soul of Lucy de Mildebi." There
are other inscriptions to the names of Cawse, Stockton, Hen-
shaw, Heberden, and Compton.
[S. A. C. (Including Mid-Lavant.) May of Rawmere, v, 47. xix, 95.
Roman road, x, 169. Church, xii, 74. xix, 169. Mid-Lavant Church, xii,
75. xix, 169. Bells, xvi, 216. River Lavant, xvi, 261. Henshawe, Bishop
of Peterborough, xix, 92, Rawmere, v, 47. xix, 95, 167. London Road
to Chichester, xix, 167. Oxford Road, xix, 169. Lavant, West, and Crow-
shall House of the Millers, Barts., xix, 169.]

MID-LAVANT.

A parish in the Hundred of Westbourne ; Rape of Chichester ; distant
two miles north-west from Chichester, its Post-town and Railway
station. Union, West Hampnett. Population in 1811, 215; in
1861, 257. Benefice, a Perpetual Curacy, valued at £50 ; Patron,
the Duke of Richmond ; Incumbent, Rev. Walter Hook, B.A. Date
of earliest Parish Register, 1567. Acreage, 350. Chief Landowner ,
the Duke of Richmond.
The little river Lavant, which flows into Chichester Har
bour, gives name to three villages on its banks, called respec
tively East, Mid, and West Lavant. In Domesday Loventune is

16 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
mentioned, but to which, or whether to all the three places i^e
record refers is uncertain. It is placed in the hundred of bille-
tone (Singleton) . Before the Conquest it belonged to Earl God
win ; afterwards Ivo held it of Roger, Earl of Montgomen. It
consisted of nine hides. In 1581 Richard May of Rawmere
held the manor of Mid-Lavant, and it continued in his family
almost two centuries. Thomas May Knight, Esq., sold it to
Charles, third Duke of Richmond. The large mansion com
menced by Richard May towards the end of the reign of Eliza
beth, and finished by his son, temp. James I., was taken down
by the Duke of Richmond many years since.
The church (St. Nicholas) was originally very small. The
only ancient windows remaining are two lancets in the chancel,
and a very small round-headed one in the nave. (Hussey.) Some
mural paintings were discovered here about the year 1849. The
modern church, consisting of nave and chancel, was erected by
the family of May in the former part of the eighteenth century.
There is a marble effigy of life size, of Dame Mary May, who
died in 1681.
f S. A.- C. See under East Lavant. J

LEOMINSTER. (See Lyminster.)

LEWES.
Domesday, Lewes; a borough and market-town, and, for civil purposes,
the County-town of Sussex. It is distant 50 miles south from
London, and the meridian of Greenwich passes through its western
extremity. It gives name to a Rape, an Archdeaconry, and a
Union. It has a Post-office, and a station of the South Coast Rail
way, from which several lines radiate. Its population in 1811 was
6,664, and in 1861, 10,116. Including the suburbs of Southover,
Cliffe, and, South Mailing, it contains seven parishes, and for con
venience, these will be dealt with collectively.
Except Brighton it is the largest town on the South Down
range. Lewes proper rises rather abruptly from the Ouse, its
navigable river, upon a spur of the Downs, by one long
thoroughfare called High Street, running in the direction of
Brighton, and nearly a mile in length : the lateral streets are
generally small and unimportant. The suburb called the Cliffe
LieS^Vu- ea-St fde- °fT>the °USS in the Rape of Pevensey. -
*Tt nri *g f ? m+Pe^sey Rape, and is a continuation
of the Cliffe m two streets. Southover, as its first svllable i™
plies, occupies a position south and south-west of the town"

LEWES. 17
Newhaven^ six miles southward, is the port of Lewes, and,
together with the railway, greatly assists the commerce of the
town. For picturesqueness of situation few places can compare
with Lewes. The keep of its Castle rises with much grandeur
as the central object, a kind of Acropolis, and forms a noble
object from every point of view. There is much irregular natural
beauty everywhere, and to add to its attractions the late William
Cobbett pronounced it to be " the town of clean windows and
pretty faces ! " The etymology of the name is very uncertain,
and much truly ridiculous conjecture has been spent upon it.
(See Dr. Charnock's " Local Etymology.") The town and its
name are both unquestionably Celtic in origin, and the second
syllable, es, doubtless means water, in allusion to the situation
on what was once a considerable estuary of the English Channel.
Of the early history of the town little can be ascertained.
Roman urns, coins, &c, have frequently been discovered, and
Lewes has been supposed to be identical with the obscure station
known as Mutuantonis. Earlier remains of the pre-historic period
have also frequently been exhumed from the neighbouring downs.
In Saxon times Lewes became more important, and previously
to the reign of Athelstan had two mints which continued to issue
a silver coinage down to the days of Harold. Specimens of
Lewes pennies were discovered both in the " Alfriston find " and
in the more remarkable one at Washington, in 1866. So early
as the days of the Heptarchy, Mailing had become a seat of
Christianity, Ceadwalla, king of Wessex and Sussex having there
founded a college, which he gave to the church of Canterbury.
At the Conquest King William I. gave to William de Warenne,
the husband of his daughter Gundrada, together with enormous
possessions in Surrey, Yorkshire, Norfolk, &c, the town and
rape of Lewes, that is to say a sixth part of the whole county.
The account of the town in Domesday is very curious. Edward
the Confessor had 127 burgesses in domain, who paid him in
rent and toll, £6 13s. l£d., and 20s. as a subsidy, when he sent
an armament to guard the seas. The purchaser of a man paid
4d. toll ; a murderer could expiate his crime for 7s. 4d., an
adulterer and a runaway singularly enough paid more, viz.,
8s. 4d. each. The population is supposed at this period to have
been less than 1900 persons.
William de Warenne, having made Lewes his chief residence
and caput baronice, erected a magnificent Castle, probably on the
site of an older fortress. In conjunction with his illustrious consort
he also founded the great Priory of St. Pancras, in Southover.
Their successors, the Earls of Warenne and Surrey, played an
active part in field and council. John, seventh Earl, took part
with Henry III., but deserted him in the hour of danger. When
VOL. II. c

18 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Edward I. issued his commission to ascertain by what righ
great feudal lords held their lands, the Earl drew a rusty oiu
sword, exclaiming : " By this weapon did my ancestor win nis
lands, at Hastings, and with the same I will defend tnem .
His grandson of the same name, eighth and last Lord ol l^ewes,
of his name, died in 1347, when the Barony devolved upon ms
sister Alice, wife of Edmund Fitz-Alan, Earl of ¦Aj™«»» m
whose heirs general, the Earls of Abergavenny and De la Warr,
and the Duke of Norfolk, the barony now jointly vests. irom
the early part of the fifteenth century the lords were non-r6si-
dent, and Lewes lost its feudal importance.
In 1205, 1209, and 1213, King John paid hurried visits to the
town, and in 1264 occurred on the Downs, close by, the memor
able Battle of Lewes. The confederated Barons having taken
arms under Simon de Montfort, the two hostile armies met
in deadly strife on the 14th of May. Henry III. had lodged
himself on the previous night at the Priory, while Prince
Edward had made the Castle his head quarters. Simon de
Montfort and his troops made a hasty march from London
towards Lewes, and the battle took place to the north
westward of the town, the fury of the warfare having ranged,
according to tradition, from Mount Harry (so named from, the
King ?) to the Castle itself, and even beyond, into the marshy
estuary of the Ouse. The result of this battle is well known.
The Baronial party were victorious. Henry and Prince Edward
were fain to take refuge at the Priory. Richard, titular King
of the Romans, and brother of the King, was captured in a
windmill near the site of the Black Horse Inn ; and after the
slaughter of thousands of men on each side, a mise or treaty
was entered into between the belligerents, which eventually
resulted in the establishment of a representative government,
and it is not too much to assert that the " great Battle of the
Constitution" was fought on Lewes hills. Such numerous
details of the battle, its causes, and consequences, have been
given in Mr. Blaauw's researchful work, " The Baron's War,"
that we have no need to enlarge on this grand historical event.
King Edward I. was several times at Lewes, between the years
1276 and 1305. In 1377 the French having made a hostile
descent upon our coast at Rottingdean, John de Cariloco, Prior
of St. Pancras, with some neighbouring gentlemen and a "body
of rustics, met them on the Downs between the two points.
Though the little Lewes army succeeded in driving the enemy
to their ships, the prior and two attendant knights were carried
off as prisoners. At this period Lewes was a well-fortified town,
and traces of the wall still remain. It had a prison and a
market, a merchant-guild, and a staple of wool. It also con-

LEWES. 1 9
tained three conventual' establishments and fourteen parish
churches, besides chapels and hospitals. Nothing of interest is
recorded for several generations, but in 1537 the Priory was
dissolved, and what had been the main stay of the repute and
prosperity of the town disappeared. In 1545 the French again
invaded Sussex, but a Lewes knight, Sir Nicholas Pelham, an-
cestorof the Earl of Chichester, repulsed them valiantly. In
the reign of Queen Mary, Lewes, as the county town, was the
scene of many of those holocausts which disgraced her times.
Sixteen martyrs to the cause of the Reformation were burnt in
the forum of Lewes— the local Smithfield, opposite the Star
inn— between 1555 and 1557, the last "burnt-offering to a
good conscience " being the well-known iron-master, Richard
Woodman, and nine others, five of whom were women. At a
later period most of the county gentry had town houses in
Lewes, and a great portion of the High Street was occupied
with these residences, many of which, with spacious gardens,
remain. Daniel de Foe, in his " Tour," 1724, and Dr. Burton in
his " Iter Sussexiense," some years later, give graphic accounts
of the town. In the course of the French war, Lewes became
a considerable military station, and extensive barracks were
built at the western extremity of the town. During the gay career
of the Prince Regent (George IV.) that personage annually
visited Lewes for three days for the races. In 1830 King William
and Queen Adelaide had a loyal reception ; and Queen Victoria
has also passed through the town en route for Buxted Park, the
residence of her Lord Chamberlain, the late Earl of Liverpool.
Lewes Castle, as we have seen, was built by De Warenne soon
after the Conquest. Its existing remains are the Keep, which
occupies a commanding artificial mound, and dominates the
town in a manner truly feudal ; some walls of the enciente ; and
the Barbican or advanced work, a picturesque gateway of the
fourteenth century, covering the simple Norman semi-circular
perforation of the wall, which was the original gate. This once
frowning stronghold included a base court more than 800 feet
in its longest diameter, and had, besides the Keep proper,
another elevation called the Brackmount, on which formerly
stood a kind of second keep, or a strong tower. The precinct
now contains two or three private residences, and an excellent
bowling-green. In 1850 the Sussex Archaeological Society hired
the Castle of the Lords of the Borough, which they still occupy
— the keep as a museum of local antiquities, and the barbican
as a council-chamber. The leads of the keep command a noble
and picturesque view, embracing the Weald, the site of the
Battle, the port of Newhaven, and that remarkable geological
"fault," the Combe, in the range called Cliff Hill. c 2

20 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
The Priory, which lies in a meadow in the suburban parish
of Southover, was founded, as before stated, by William de
Warenne and Gundrada, about the year 1078, and dedicated
to St. Pancras, the martyr, to whose honour a small wooden
church had existed on the spot before the Conquest. It was
of the Cluniac order, a branch of the Benedictines, and the
first house of that denomination in England. _ Its endow
ments were enormous, and its prior being mitred, ^ subse
quently became a peer of the realm. The first prior was
Lanzo, a man of great piety and learning, and there were
few monasteries in this country which enjoyed so wide a
reputation. Among those who added to its endowments
and found sepulture in its church were the De Warennes,
Clares, De Veres, St. Johns, Fitz-Alans, De Lancasters, and
Nevilles. The vicissitudes of this great Priory have been set
forth in several notices by Mr. Blaauw in " Sussex Archaeological
Collections." At the dissolution of the religious houses by
Henry VIII., in 1 537, the revenues were estimated at £1,091
9s. 6d\, equal to at least £10,000 at the present day. The Vicar
General, Cromwell, immediately ordered the work of demolition
to commence, and one Portinari, an Italian, speedily performed
the execrable deed of levelling with the ground, the great church,
equal in extent to most cathedrals, the chapter-house, cloisters,
&c, so that to-day we see in a few rude and unintelligible walls
all that remains of this once enormous group of buildings,
which occupied with its adjunct of " Calvary," garden, pigeon-
house, and stews for fish, a splendid area of forty acres. Crom
well himself got a grant of the Priory and all its possessions,
and after that favourite's deposition they were granted by Henry
to his repudiated queen, Anne of Cleves. Tradition assigns as
her residence the old porched house of the Pelhams, in the
High Street of Southover ; but there is no proof : indeed poor
Anne seems to have had as many residences and places of death
as Oliver Cromwell had skulls. At a later date Thomas Sack-
ville, the Elizabethan poet and statesman, had a house on the
site of the Priory, called the Lord's place, which was burnt
down. The manor of Southover subsequently passed to the
families of Tuffcon, Trayton, Durrant, and Verrall, William
Verrall, Esq., being the existing lord. The portion of the priory
demesne which contains the ruins belongs to Mrs. John Blaker.
A short distance to the north-east of the ruins is a remarkable
mound with a spiral pathway, obviously the ancient Calvary of
the monastery. The earth of which it is constructed was evi
dently taken from an adjacent depressed spot, called from its
shape the Dripping-pan, and now devoted to cricket matches
and other public amusements.

LEWES. 21
During the progress of the excavations necessary for the for
mation of the South-Coast Railway, which passes through the
Priory grounds, occurred, in 1845, one of the most remarkable
archaeological discoveries of our times. This was no less than
two small leaden coffers, less than three feet in length, contain
ing respectively the bones of Willelm' (de Warenne) and Gun
drada, the founder and foundress of the Priory, who had died
before the completion of the great church, and been buried in
the ordinary manner. On the completion of that edifice their
bones were doubtless exhumed and removed to the more honour
able place of sepulture. The names of both these illustrious
personages were inscribed on the lids of the coffers, which are
preserved in Southover church. Many other objects of anti
quarian interest were brought to light at the same time.
The other monastic institutions of Lewes were :— (1.) Mailing
Deanery, previously mentioned as having been founded in Saxon
times, which was dissolved by Henry VIII. , in 1545. It was
originally built at Old Mailing, and afterwards removed to
South Mailing, in the same parish. The assassins of Thomas a
Becket took shelter here in their flight on the second night after
the murder at Canterbury, and the notable miracle of the table
in the great hall having tilted itself to throw off the blood
stained armour of the knights is known to the readers of Stan
ley's Memorials of Canterbury. (2.) The house of Grey Friars
without the east gate of the town. Of its foundation nothing
is known, and it possesses little history, except that two of the
brethren mediated between Henry III. and the Barons in 1264.
After the Dissolution it became a private residence, and was
pulled down to make room for the railway station in 1845.
(3.) The hospital of St. James, near the gate of the Priory, for
thirteen poor brethren and sisters, whose duty was to pray for the
founders and their heirs. The chapel, now much patched, is still
standing. (4.) A miserable old thatched cottage in St. Anne's,
called the Spital, represents the Hospital of St. Nicholas, a place
of rest and entertainment for pilgrims to St. Pancras' Priory.
A brief topographical account of Lewes follows. Southover
Church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, stands in the southern
suburb of the town. It is in various styles, from Early Norman
to the non-descript of the 18th century — the brick tower being
of the last-mentioned period. It stands just outside the ancient
gateway of the Priory, and contains a very elegant sacellum,
erected in 1867, in which are preserved the remains of the founder
and foundress, previously mentioned. This church formerly had
chapels dedicated to SS. Katherine and Erasmus, which have
disappeared. There are many inscriptions to the Newton,
Verrall, and other families. Near it is a curious and picturesque

22 ' HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
old Elizabethan mansion, which was built with part of the
materials of the Priory, by William Newton, Esq., steward _ot
Lord Buckhurst, Earl of Dorset. It has quaint gables and win
dow frames. The date on the mantel-piece of the dining-room
shows the year of its erection to be 1572. It was the residence
of the Newton family, until within the last few years ; but now
belongs to Captain Wyndham. In the time of the late Colonel
Newton, George IV., when Prince-Regent, was a frequent visitor
here. Leaving the west end of Southover at the point where the road
to Newhaven and Seaford commences, and passing along Win-
terbourne Lane (so-called from a pellucid stream which runs
only during the winter season), we reach the Spital, or hospital
of St. Nicholas, just mentioned. Close to this is the large county
gaol. Descending towards the town we see the church of St.
Anne, anciently St. Mary Westout. Outside the western walls
of Lewes there formerly stood two churches, St. Peter and St.
Mary. The houses of the former parish principally contained
in what was called Antioch Street (possibly a reminiscence of
the Crusades), were burnt down in the 16th century, and the two
parishes were united under the name of St. Anne. The church
thus designated is an Early English structure, and contains
some interesting features, especially a barrel-shaped font with
fretwork ornaments, probably of Saxon date. Near the church
is " Shelley's," so-called from its having long been the seat of a
branch of that eminent Sussex family. Dr. Johnson, on a visit
to the Thrales at Brighton, once spent a day at this mansion,
and a hitherto unrecorded anecdote may here be given. The
philosopher was walking in the garden with a little Miss Shelley,
two or three years old, in his hand, until at last, being tired of
her companionship, he deliberately placed her between the
branches of a cherry-tree, and there left her. At dinner time
there was a hue and cry after the child, and Johnson, recollect
ing himself, said, " 0, I left her in a tree !" The tree survived
this incident until within recent years, and was always known
as " Dr. Johnson's cherry-tree." Near this house is the gram
mar-school, founded about 1512, by Dame Agnes Morley; and,
still further down the street, there stood till lately a building
called St. Anne's House, long the pleasant abode of the writer
of these pages, but now replaced by a modern structure of the
metropolitan cut. That house had many historical remem
brances, it having been the abode, in the time of James I., of
John Rowe, principal of Clifford's Inn, a great lawyer and an
eminent local antiquary ; and subsequently, the property of Sir
Roger Newdigate, founder of the Newdigate prize for English
poetry at Oxford. The town was formerly fortified with walls,

LEWES. 23
the West-gate of which we next approach; the others being the
East-gate and the Water-gate ; but the traces of all are now very
slight. St. Michael's Church, hard by, has a few ancient features,
but it was chiefly rebuilt in the worst taste of the 18th century.
Its round tower, however, remains, as well as two brasses ;
one for a knight of the 15th century, and another- for gfoljes
33r.aBlJf0.tiie, rector, with the date 1457. There is also a mural
monument to Sir Nicholas Pelham, the gallant defender of Sea-
ford, who died in 1559. The epitaph assures us that :—
" What time the French sought to have sack't Sea-Foord,
This Pelluum did repel 'em back aboordl"
In this parish are two other places deserving of notice ; first,
the old " town house " of the Goring family, long since con
verted into a Presbyterian chapel, and an ancient dwelling re
cognised by a singular carving of Pan at one corner, but more
noteworthy as the residence for some time of Tom Paine, the
atheistical writer of the " Age of Reason," who was then a local
exciseman. He wrote that execrable book in this house, and
the tjable on which he wrote it was, about fifty years since, in
the possession of the late William Lee of this town. In this
parish also resided the late Dr. Gideon Mantell, the celebrated
geologist, who collected the " Mantellian Museum," of Sussex
fossils, &c, now in the British Museum. A little lower in the
street is the County-hall, for courts of assize and other public
business ; a building with a handsome facade. The original
town-hall stood, before the erection of this edifice, in the
middle of the High-street. Next come two ancient inns, the
White Hart (modernized) and the Star. The latter has some
historical celebrity, for in front of it the Protestants were
burnt during the Marian persecution. In this inn is a very
fine Jacobean staircase brought hither from Slaugham Place
in the last century. In the market-tower, close at hand, is the
great town bell called Gabriel, of the time of Henry VIII.
From this point we pass down School-hill, a steep declivity, to
wards the site of the ancient monastery of the Grey Friars, of
which no remains exist, the ground being partly occupied by a
very handsome building called the FitzRoy Memorial Library.
This edifice, which cost nearly £5,000, was presented by the
widow of the late Right Hon. Henry Fitzroy (M.P. for Lewes
for more than twenty years), to the town, and it contains a
valuable collection of books, a school of art, &c. Close by is
the bridge over the Ouse, and the suburb called the Cliffe is next
entered. It has a church dedicated to St. Thomas d Becket, for
merly a chapel dependent on South Mailing. This building,
though principally of the Perpendicular period, with some

24 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
modern churchwardenizations, contains traces of much earlier
architecture. In the south aisle there was formerly a guild or
fraternity of St. Thomas. Passing a sharp angle on tne left,
we proceed towards Mailing, leaving on the right that remark
able chasm in the chalk formation called the " Coombe. .Near
at hand is " Jireh," one of the largest dissenting chapels in the
county, in the little cemetery of which lie the remains of the
well-known William Huntington, the Hyper-Calvinist, with the
curious epitaph : " Here lies the Coalheaver, beloved of his God,
but abhorred of men. The omniscient Judge, at the grand
assize, shall ratify this to the confusion of many thousands, for
England and its metropolis shall know that there hath been a
prophet among them. — W. H, S.S." This was composed by
the deceased himself, an arrogant but clever man, who having
married the widow of a Lord Mayor, and looking, with a touch
of envy perhaps, at the D.D.'s of the period, gave himself the
title of " Sinner Saved " (S.S.). Mailing Church is a simple
fabric, consisting of a nave only, and stands at a considerable
distance from the population. It was erected in 1628, under the
will of John Stansfield, Esq., who endowed it as a perpetual
curacy, and one of the foundation stones was laid by his after
wards eminent grandson, John Evelyn, author of " Sylva," &c,
who records that circumstance in his "Diary." There are
memorials to the names of Kempe, Spence, Grantham, Court-
hope, Cayley, Brodie, &c. ; but the most striking inscrip
tion is that which records the death, in December, 1836, of
eight persons who were killed in South Street, in this parish, by
a very remarkable avalanche. A vast mass of drifted snow
slipped from its position, on the crest of Cliffe-hill, overturned
a range of cottages, and destroyed these poor people. Mailing
was one of the oldest seats of Christianity in the county, and I
have already noticed it in this article. Few remains of it now
exist, and, at some unknown date, the College was removed lower
down the banks of the Ouse to what is called South Mailing,
near the present church, to the site of the mansion now pos
sessed by E. C. Currey, Esq., where it remained until the Re
formation. This house is still called Mailing " Deanery," and
was long the seat of the ancient family of Spence. Mailing
House belongs to the family of Crofts, the representative of
which is Henry Crofts, Esq., of Sompting Abbots. Returning
once more to Lewes proper, we must notice St. John's Church, a
modern brick structure, which we cannot commend, as it is a
kind of hybrid between a castle and a barn. It supersedes a
very venerable structure, probably of the time of the Confessor,
which was pulled down in 1838 to meet the necessities of an
increased population. Some relics of the old edifice have been

LEWES. 25
preserved and built into the walls of the new, including the
mouldings of a Saxon doorway, and especially an ancient monu
ment arranged in the form of an arch, with the following in
scription cut on fifteen stones in two semi-circular lines : —
" Clatjditur hio Milbs, Danorum regia proles ;
mangntts nomen ei, mangnjs nota progenei :
DEPONENS MaNGJTOM, SE MORilBDS INDUIT AGNUM,
PREPETE PRO VITA, PIT PARVULUS ARNAOORITA."
" Here is immured a Soldier of the Royal Family of Denmark, whose
name Magnus * bespeaks his distinguished lineage. Relinquishing his
greatness, he assumes the deportment of a lamb, and exchanges a life of
ambition for that of a lowly anchorite."
Of the history of this person- and his connection with the
Kings of Denmark nothing can be discovered. He appears to
have been one of those fanatics who caused themselves to be
shut up within the walls of churches in what were called
inclusoria, and making a vow of silence for life. The inscription
has been regarded as a mortuary epitaph, but it is not so, as the
Rev. E. Turner in an able article, mentioned below, sufficiently
proves. The tradition that he was a Danish marauder slain at
the Wallands, hard by, in a conflict with the English, is totally
unfounded, as the inscription is of the thirteenth century.
The church-yard of St. John occupies part of a very small
camp considered to be Roman, part of the vallum of which is
traceable. There are memorials to the names of Shore, Le Pla,
Campion, Crofts, &c, and one to Thomas Blunt, an eminent
barber of Lewes, who made several donations to the borough,
including a silver-gilt loving-cup, still used on festive occasions.
The inscription on his tomb is in Latin, and records his various
bequests. The last couplet is to this effect : —
" These gifts he gave, this done, himself to death is given ;
These gifts he gave, and thus received the gifts of heaven ! "
All Saints' Church is also a plain, inelegant building, erected
in 1807, with the exception of the tower, which is in the Per
pendicular style. There are memorials for the names of Trayton,
Durrant, Isted, Blunt, Woollgar, and for John Stansfield, Gent.,
the founder of Mailing church. There are traces of many
churches now destroyed. Near the top of School-hill stood St.
Nicholas, or the " broken church," the remembrance of which
is retained in the name of St. Nicholas (vulgo Dolphin) lane. St.
Mary's-lane, vulgo " Simmery-lane," was named after a now des
troyed church, some remains of which are supposed to exist in
the cellar of the house of Mr. Richards, nearly opposite the Star
* Misspelt Mangnus.

26 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
hotel. In what is called Campion's lane stood the church of Si
Andrew; and near the office of the "Sussex Advertiser was
another church dedicated to St. Mary in Foro, as the market
was in early times held near that spot. A few yards distant, St.
Martin's-lane indicates a church under the invocation of that
famous military saint, who shared his cloak with a poor frozen
beggar. These churches all stood on the south side of the High-
street. St. Swithin's-lane also probably indicates the existence
of a church dedicated to that saint. Lewes abounds with dis
senting chapels of nearly every denomination, and possesses a
Roman Catholic chapel, lately erected.
The town was for a long time in a stationary position, and the
population did not increase ; but of late an impetus has been
given to the building trade. Some excellent houses have sprung
up, and it is believed that in a few years Lewes will be second
to few towns near the South Coast, especially should Mr. W. E.
Baxter's project for a new suburb, " Wallands Park," be carried
out. The natural and artificial advantages of the town are very
great indeed.
Among the eminent residents or natives of Lewes must be
reckoned Sir Thomas Browne, author of "Religio Medici;"
Richard Challenor, D.D., the celebrated Roman Catholic bishop
and theologian, born 169-1 ; Paul Dunvan, author of a "History of
Lewes and Brighthelmstone" (1795) ; John Elliot, the antiquary,
born 1725 ; John Evelyn, author of" Sylva," &c; the Rev. T. W.
Horsfield, the historian of Sussex, who died in 1837 ; Dr. Gideon
Mantell, F.R.S., the renowned geologist ; Richard Russell, M.D.,
the founder of Brighton, born 1687 ; John Tabor, M.D., the
eminent physician and antiquary; Thomas Twyne, M.D., the
great physician and classical scholar, who lies buried in St.
Anne's church, with a very quaint inscription, dated 1613 ; James
Lambert, a local self-taught artist of the last century, whose
drawings of Sussex antiquities are in the Burrell Collections in
the British Museum ; John Dudeney, the philosophical shepherd
and schoolmaster (ob. 1852) ; John Rowe, lawyer and antiquary
(see ante). Edmund Dudley, the well-known minister of Henry
VlL, and the co-extortioner of Richard Empson, was the son of
a travelling carpenter who settled at Lewes Priory, and there
Edmund is said to have received his education.
The following is a list of the Benefices of Lewes : —
All Saints, Rectory. — Patron, C. Goring, Esq. ; held by the Rev. Robt.
Straffen, M.A. ; value, £206. Population in 1861, 2,092.
St. Anne. — Patron, the Lord Chancellor; £190 ; Rector, Rev. Augustus
J. Parsons, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge. Population, 980.
Southover, St. John the Baptist.— The same Patron and Incumbent;
value, £97. Population, 1,344.
St. John-sub-Castro. — Patron, Rev. C. D. Crofts, M.A. ; Rector Rev.

LEWES. 27
Arthur Pearson Perfect, M.A.; value, £250. Population, 2,308.
This parish has a considerable rural district, extending widely, and
partly detached from the town. Within its limits lie Landport, a large
farm, and Allington, where there was formerly a moated manor-house
and a chapel. The intersecting parish is Hamsey.
St. Michael. — Patron, the Lord Chancellor ; Rector, the Rev. Frederick
Woolley, B.C.L. ; value, £116. Population, 1,076.
St. Thomas at Cliffe. — A peculiar; Patron, the Archbishop ; Rector, the
Rev. J. C. Russell, M.A., of St. Peter's College, Cambridge : value,
£130. Population, 1,568.
South Mailing.— A Peculiar; Patron, G. C. Courthope, Esq. ; Perpetual
Curate or Vicar, Rev. John Warburton ; value, £117. Population,
716. In this parish is the quasi hamlet of Stoneham, formerly attached
to the Deanery of Mailing. It was anciently a Beadlewick, and now
principally consists of two good farms. The acreage is 2,680.
The Precinct of the Castle (extra parochial), contains a population of 32.
[S. A. C. In consequence of the great antiquity and historical interest
of Lewes, the number of references to that place in the " Sussex Archas-
ological Collections" is necessarily large, and the paper by the late Mr.
W. Figg, F.S. A., should be especially referred to. — Relics found at,i,43.
Priory, and its seals, ii, 7. Battle of, ii, 28. v, 274. xix, 164. Dudeney,
John, ii, 252. Priory, iii, 185, 230. vi, 253. vii, 217. xviii, 58. xx, 141,
187. South Mailing College, v, 127 (Turner). Seal, viii, 270. Arch
deaconry seal, v, 199. British urn, i b id. Mailing watermills, Domesday, v,
271. King John's visit, ii, 133. King Henry III., ii, 137. King Edward
I., 138. Lantern in Priory (Figg). Dr. Burton's description of the town
" Iter Sussex." Kidder family, ix, 128. Newton family (Noyes), ix, 312.
xvi, 49. xvii, 258. Royal mint, ix, 369. xix, 164, 189. xx,214 (Lucas).
Star Hotel. Slaugham staircase, drawn by N. H. Lower, x, 163. Medieval
pottery, x, 193. xviii, 190. The Castle a Prison? x, 213. Goring family,
xi, 64. Woughton, Tortington Priory, had lands at (possibly Offham, in
Hamsey), xi, 110. Magnus, or Mangnus, Prince and Hermit, at St. John's,
and Hermitess of St. Mary, xii, 132, 134. Memorials of Old Lewes, xiii,
1 (Figg). Lord Goring's residence, xiii, 13. xix, 100. Lewes Priory,
license to fortify, xiii, 112. Southover, Heneage family Prayer-book, xiii,
315. Newdigates and Bromfields, xiv, 229. Dr. Russell, the founder of
Brighton, xiv, 266. Old Mailing, earliest seat of Christianity in East
Sussex, xv, 163. Burdett, of Southover, xx, 66. Sufferings of Lewes
Quakers (Figg), xvi, 65. Rickman family, xvi, 72. Church bells, xvi,
205, 216. Rowe, John, xx, 35. Southover Free-school, xvii, 79. Colonel
H. Morley, M.P., ironmaster, xviii, 14. Complicity of the Prior, con
stables, and people of Lewes and Southover, with Jack Cade, and their
pardons, xviii, 25, et eeq. Prior of, xviii, 44. Museum of Antiquities in
the Castle (Lower and Chapman), xviii, 60. De Braose effigy at South-
over, xviii, 62. Shirley family, xviii, 133. Castle, xviii, 176. Thomas
Lucas, merchant, 1634, xviii, 176. Cliffe old Vicarage, xviii, 195. Giles,
bell-founder, xix, 43. Whitfeld family, xix, 90 (Lower). Fitzherbert
family, xix, 179. The " Friars," xix, 179. Stempe family, and Springett
family, xx, 35. Heath family, xx, 62. Banns published in Markets xx, 83.
Rev. R. Cecil, anecdote, xx, 133. Lewes Races, xx, 227.]

28 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
LLNCH (or Lynch).
Domesday, Lince ; a parish in the Hundred of Easebourne; Rape of Chi
chester ; distant five miles north-west from Midhurst, its Post-town,
Union, and Railway-station. Population m 1811, 84 ; in 18bl, 111.
Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £80 ; Patron, the Earl ot Egmcmt;
Incumbent, Rev. R. Cooke Bull, M.A., of Emmanuel College, Cam
bridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1701. Acreage, 1,220. Chief
Landowner, The Earl of Egmont. Seat, Hollycombe, B. F. Pratt, Esq.
This parish is composed of " disjecta membra," of which
about 700 acres lie at the northern foot of the South Downs
(Linch Farm) , and the remainder about six miles northward, in
the romantic, but unproductive, neighbourhood of Farnhurst.
Lince was held before the Conquest of Edward the Confessor,
by Ulric. It was rated at five hides. There were six plough-
lands, a church, two ministri, and a wood of 10 hogs. In 1570
it was part of the estate of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, and subse
quently became the property of the Viscountess Montague.
Hollycombe, the residence of Barlow Frederick Pratt, Esq., was
built from a design by Nash, and was formerly inhabited by Sir
Charles William Taylor, Bart.
The benefice anciently belonged to the Priory of Easebourne.
The present church was erected about 1705.
[S. A. C. Ironworks, ii, 214. Chapel of, xii, 73. Church-bell, xvi, 217.]

LINCHMEEE (or Lynchmere).
A parish in the Hundred ofEasebourne ; Rape of Chichester ; distant about
five miles from Midhurst ; Post-town, Haslemere ; Union, Midhurst.
Population in 1811, 258 ; in 1861, 283. Benefice, a Perpetual Cu
racy, valued at £60 ; Patron and Incumbent, Rev. W. Henry Parson,
M.A., of Magdalen Hall, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register,
1560. Acreage, 2,101. Chief Landowners, The Earl of Egmont,
the Rev. W. H. Parson, Hasler Hollist, Esq., and Mrs. Harriott.
This frontier parish abuts on the counties of Hampshire
and Surrey, and its surface includes arable, pasture, woodland,
and heath, while the subsoil yields peat. At an early period it
was held by the Percys. It then became the property of the
Fitz-Alans, and at a later date it belonged to Sir William Fitz
William ; and subsequently it descended as Cowdray. The
church (St. Peter) is small and interesting, and was restored in
1856. The scenery is very picturesque.
For Shulbebd Peiort, in this parish, see that article.
[S. A. C. Ironworks, ii, 213. Shulbred Priory, vii, 217. xviii 195.
Church, xii, 82. Church-bells, xvi, 217.]

29
LINDFIELD.
Vulgo, Linvul; a parish in the Hundred of Burleigh- Arches ; Rape of
Pevensey ; distant 3^ miles east from Cuckfield. It is a Post-town.
Railway station, Hayward's Heath, distant about 1^ mile. Union,
Cuckfield. Population in 1811, 1,237 ; in 1861, 1,917. Benefice,
a Perpetual Curacy, valued at £100 ; Patron, W. M. Keames, Esq.;
Incumbent, Rev. J. Milner, M.A. Date of earliest Parish Register,
1559. Acreage, 5,776. Seats, Pax- Hill Park, P. Northall Laurie,
Esq. ; Buxshalls, W. D. Jollands, Esq. ; Gravelye, Summer Hill,
Beadle Hill, Sunte House, Oat Hall, The Welkin, Milton House, and
Little Walsted.
Lindfield is situated in a most picturesque country, and its
broad village street, with its antique timbered houses, is exceed
ingly interesting. Any one tired of the bustle of this changeful
life might safely retire to Lindfield as one of the most peaceful
spots in Britain. Its name appears to be derived from the
Anglo-Saxon linde, a linden, or lime tree, and feld, a field.
The manor anciently belonged to the College of Mailing near
Lewes, and was thence known as the manor of South-Mal-
ling-Lindfield. Tradition speaks of a convent in this parish,
but of its history and situation I can obtain no particulars.
There are several ancient residences. Pax-Hill is a stone man
sion, built late in the reign of Elizabeth, on an elevated spot,
and surrounded with a deer park. It was long the residence of
a branch of the Boord or Board family, and the last male heir
of that line dying in 1 787, left it to his three daughters and
co-heiresses, one of whom married Gibbs Crawford, Esq., whose
grand-daughter was wife of Arthur W. W. Smith, Esq. Albert
Smith, brother of the latter, the well-known comic lecturer and
writer, built a chalet near the park, and occasionally resided
there. Kenwardes, an ancient building, now occupied as a farm
house, was long a seat of the old Sussex family of Chaloner, or
Challener, of whom was Major Chaloner, a partizan of Crom
well. He was an influential magistrate, and many lay marriages
were performed before him. East Maskalls formerly belonged
to a family of that name, and was owned, in the seventeenth cen
tury, by a branch of the Newtons, of the same family as the
Newtons of Southover, near Lewes, from whom it descended to
the family of Noyes. The mansion was constructed in the old
timber-framed style, and was long in a very ruinous condition,
and tenanted by cottagers. The arms of the Newtons, in painted
glass, were formerly in the windows. Sir Isaac Newton is sup
posed to have been a connection of an earlier line of this family.
Sunte belonged to the family of Hamlyn. John Hamlyn, Esq.,
who died in 1774 left two daughters and co-heiresses. Anne,

30 HISTORY OP SUSSEX.
the elder, married John Borrer, Esq. of Henfield, and after
wards John Dennet, Esq., of Woodmancote: it is now the seat
of George Catt, Esq. Buxshalls, supposed to have been the
residence of a branch of the ancient family of Boxhulle of Ro
bertsbridge, one of whom was K. G. in the reign of Edward III.,
is a pleasant modern erection on an ancient site. Paper works
were formerly carried on in this parish.
The church (St. John the Baptist), principally in the Perpen
dicular style, is a picturesque object. The tower seems to be
Early English, and has a shingled spire. The building is
cruciform, and on the south is a parvise, or small apartment
over the entrance. The north transept was rebuilt, during the
repairs which the building underwent some years ago. Those
repairs were carried out without the smallest regard to pro
priety or respect for antiquity. Some of the most beautiful
fragments of fourteenth-century glass I ever saw were re
moved from one of the south windows, and a brass plate to the
memory of iftgcfjato fflfjallenet, which I remember in situ, on a
stone on the floor, now lies before me. It bears the date of 1501.
Beautiful wood carvings were also removed from the church ; in
short, there was a general spoliation of nearly all that was
ancient. There are, or were, mortuary inscriptions to the names
of Allen, Board, Burrell, Wildbee, Spence, &c. A Perpendicular
altar-tomb has been removed, and. the brasses of a slab repre
senting a man, woman, and seven children have also been taken
away. All this spoliation, which grieves the antiquary's heart,
is owing to the singular ecclesiastical condition of the parish.
It was, at a very early date, one of the " peculiars" of the Arch
bishops of Canterbury, and as such was granted by Archbishop
Theobald, in 1150, to the College of Mailing. On the dissolu
tion of that establishment, in 1546, it was given to Sir Thomas
Palmer of Angmering, a gentleman of the Privy Chamber of
Henry VIII., an enormous acquirer of church property in Sussex,
and it remained in lay hands, the holder being bound to repair
the chancel and provide an " honest priest" for the services of
the church. This poor cleric got about £30 a year, and some
times as little as £20, while the impropriator derived a large
sum from the parish in tithes, &c. This led to a very lax state
of things ; the Archbishop declined to interfere, and not unfre-
quently no service was held. Even worse than this, the last
rites of the church could hardly be performed, and it is said
that within the nineteenth century bodies of deceased par
ishioners have remained in the church for several davs for want
of an officiating priest ! A better state of things, however, now
prevails. A curious " Boke of Accompts" of the parish, dating
from 1580, came into the hands of the Sussex Archaeological
Society some years since, but is now in proper custody. It is

LINDFIELD. LITLINGTON. 31
full of interesting matter, and an abstract of it has been printed
in vol. xix of the " Collections." It appears from this document
that the inhabitants did all in their power to maintain the fabric
of the church, and that they were particularly fond of bell ring
ing. There are at present five bells.
It may be mentioned that there is in the church a very unusual
sepulchral effigy, impressed or incised on three glazed tiles, the
entire size of the memorial being 45 inches by 15 : the date is
1520. In 1848 a curious mural painting was disclosed on the east
wall of the south transept. It represented the Archangel St.
Michael and St. Margaret, with a dragon of many heads at their
feet. The Archangel held a pair of scales, in which he was
weighing the souls of the dead.
Altogether there are in Sussex few parishes of more interest
than Lindfield, either for the antiquary or the artist. The well-
known and respected Sussex family of Verral seem to have ori
ginated here, and the name was formerly written Fairhall.
[S. A. C. Mural paintings, ii, 129. Iron-works, ii, 214. xix, 41. Borde
family, vi, 197. xix, 40, 43, 48. xx, 61. Newtons of East Mascalls,ix, 312.
xvii, 259. xix, 40, 48, 49. Nunnery (?), x, 213. Paxhill and its neighbour
hood (Blencowe), xi, i. East Mascalls, xi, i, 83. Trimmens Columbarium,
xi, 5. Chaloners of, xi, 12. xiv, 149. xviii, 25, 39. xix, 37, 40, 49. Ham-
lyns of, xi, 81. xix, 48. Henslows of, xiv, 47. Vine, schoolmaster and an-
tiquaryof, xiv, 227. xix, 195. Combers of, xvi, 48. Giles of, xvi, 48. Bells
of, xvi, 217. Men of, and Jack Cade, xviii, 25. Tuppens of, xviii, 162. Pa
rochial Documents, xix, 36 {Lower). Granted to the College of Mailing, ibid.
Killingbeck, xix, 38. Roodloftin church, xix, 37. Finches in, xix, 40,48.
Scrase bridge in, xix, 41. Skaymes Hill in, xix, 41. Bedles Hill in, xix,
41. Sunt in, xix, 41, 48. Hour-glass in the church, xix, 43. Subscription
to Cumberland churches, ibid. Books of Martyrs, &c, &c, belonged to
the church, xix, 47. xx, 225. Church-marks at, xix, 48. Gravelygh in,
xix, 48. Oate-Hall in, xix, 48. Boxhulles in, ibid. Pelling of Pelling-
bridge, xix, 49. Bartlott of, xix, 51 .]

LITLINGTON.

Vulgo, Lillinton ; a parish in the Hundred of Longbridge ; Rape of
Pevensey ; distant about four miles from Seaford ; Post-town, Lewes ;
Railway station, Berwick, distant about three miles. Union, East
bourne. Population in 1811, 117; in 1861, 134. Benefice, a Rectory,
valued at £105; Patrons, Representatives of Rev. Thomas Scutt; In
cumbent, Rev. Richard White, B. A., of Durham University. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1695. Acreage, 893. Chief Landowner, T. S.
Richardson, Esq. Seat, Clapham House, at present the residence of
C. T. Latrobe, Esq., C.B., formerly Governor of Victoria.
A small South Down parish on the river Cuckmere. The

32 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
etymology is obvious. The manor is a sub-infeudation of Bishop-
ston. Temp. Henry II. it was the property of the iamily of
Husee, or Hosatus, who gave a rent from a mill here toDurefoi*
Abbey in West Sussex. Since that time it has been held by
Hunt, Rootes, Pelham, Mallory, Bean, and Scutt. Chambers
Court, now destroyed, received its name from the ancient family
of Dela Chambre, originally of Chambers Court, in Laughton,
and subsequently of Rodmill, Denton, and Seaford. One of the
name was at Agincourt.
The church consists of a nave, chancel, and bell-turret, with a
spire. Of the three bells one is inscribed to St. John. The
chancel and other portions are Norman. The west end is Deco
rated or earlier. Two sedilia, a piscina, and traces of a rood-
loft remain; also in the north wall of the chancel a Perpendicular
tomb-arch. (Hussey.) On the floor was a fractured stone, marked
with crosses, which was originally the altar. In the north-west
angle of the nave is a very small newel staircase. The church
has recently been restored, at an expense of £600. Here are ex
tensive nursery, fruit, and pleasure gardens, beautifully situated
on rising ground near the river Cuckmere.
[S. A. C. Marshall gifts to, xiii, 52. Chambers of, xiii, 258. xiv, 213.
De la Chambre at Agincourt, xv, 131. Bells, xvi, 141, 217.]

LITTLEHAMPTON, or HAMPTON-PARVA.
Domesday, Hantone; a parish in the Hundred of Poling; Rape of Arundel;
distant four miles from Arundel. It is a Post-town, andhas aRailway
station on the South Coast line. Union, East Preston. Population in
1811, 882 ; in 1861, 2,350. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £175;
Patron, the Bishop of Chichester ; Incumbent, Rev. Charles Rum-
ball, B.A., of Magdalen Hall, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Re
gister, 1642. Acreage, 1,222.
Littlehampton is bounded on the south by the English
Channel, and on the west by the Aran. It is the port of Arundel,
and enjoys a considerable coasting trade, which has of late years
added materially to the population. Before the Conquest, the
Countess Goda, daughter of Ethelred II., had a hide in this
manor. Afterwards it belonged to Earl Roger de Montgomeri.
Before the confiscation of the alien priories, the French abbeys
of Seez and Almanesche had lands here. At the Dissolution
these lands came into the possession of the Crown, and the manor
of Littlehampton, cum Tottington (in Lyminster), was sold in
1562, to John Palmer, Esq., of Angmering. Sir Thomas Palmer,

LITTLEHAMPTON. 33
his son, succeeded in 1571. In 1712 Thomas, Duke of Norfolk,
purchased the lands which now belong to the present Duke of
Norfolk. Baylies Court is an outlying portion of this parish,
that of Climping intervening. As is usual with Sussex rivers,
the Aran has been driven by the force of the south-west winds,
which tend by the accumulation of shingle, to the east. By this
alteration the outlet of the river is now in Climping. In 1734,
an Act was passed for erecting piers and repairing Arundel
Harbour in the parish of Littlehampton. In 1739 a small
battery was constructed for the protection of the port, and a
new one has been built on the west side of the river. Ship
building is carried on here to a considerable extent, and Little
hampton has lately become a watering-place of considerable
attractions. It is quiet, and possesses the advantages of agree
able scenery^ a pure air, and excellent sea-sands. Regattas and
races are annually held.
The Empress Maude is said to have landed here in 1139, on a
visit to Queen Adeliza at Arundel, after which she was besieged
there by King Stephen.
The church (Our Lady) having been found too small for the
population was taken down in 1826, and a larger one erected.
In the new church the east window, a round-headed doorway,
and the ancient font have been preserved. There is one bell.
The ecclesiastical history of this parish is very curious. At the
confiscation of the church lands by Henry V., on the dissolution
of the alien priories before mentioned, a portion of them was
granted to the Nunnery of Sion in Middlesex, and the other
portion to the College of Arundel. The latter establishment
found an officiating priest for the cure of souls, who was styled
" Clericus conductitius," or removable curate. In the time of
Henry VEIL, Henry, Earl of Arundel, became possessed of the
lands which had belonged to Arundel College, and his moiety
was transferred by him to John Edmondes, Esq. The other
moiety was retained by the Crown till 3rd Elizabeth, when, by
an exchange, it passed to the see of Chichester, and the Bishop
became impropriator, the vicarage being held under seques
tration. Tanner mentions a Priory in Littlehampton called Athering-
ton ; but this seems to rest upon the assumption that the monks
of Seez had a cell here, whereas it appears that there, was only
a single monk resident, who acted as Bailiff, and hence the place
acquired the name of Baylie's Court.
[S. A. C. Church, xii, 92. Baldwins, xii, 92. Edmondes, ibid. Holy-
bread land, xiv, 155. Church bell, xvi, 217. Arun river, xvi, 259.]
VOL. II. D

34 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
LODSWORTH.
A Parish locally in the Hundred of Easebourne ; Rape of Chichester;
distant 31 miles west from Petworth, its Post town and Railway sta
tion. Union, Midhurst. Population in 1811, 393 ; in 1861, 629.
Benefice, a Perpetual Curacy, valued at £56. Patron, the Earl of Eg
mont ; Incumbent, Rev. C. Leopold S. Clarke, M.A., of New College,
Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1563. Acreage, 1,805,
Chief Landowners, The Earl of Egmont, W. T. Mitford, J. Henry,
and H. Hollist, Esquires. Seats, Lodsworth House, Hasler HoUist,
Esq. ; Blackdown House, James Henry, Esq. (see Lurgashall.)
This long and narrow parish is intersected in its southern
portion by the Western Rother, which is here crossed by a
bridge. The parish is famous for its growth of apples.
The Liberty of Lodsworth, which is co-extensive with the
parish, possesses remarkable privileges, viz. — exemption from
hundred-courts, from tolls in any fair or market, and from the
jurisdiction of the sheriff— but the bailiff of the Bishop of London
is to return all writs. A three- weeks' court may be held for re
covery of debts by a jury of free suitors, with imprisonment for
debt within the gaol belonging to the liberty. No inquisitions
post-mortem are to be held for lands, &c. These immunities and
privileges are set forth in an Inspeximus dated 3rd Henry VI.,
1425. The parish was an early appendage to the see of London,
and these peculiar rights were granted by one of the Bishops,
but what the parish gained in temporal matters it lost in
spiritual, for the cure of souls of the church of St. Peter de
volved on a stipendiary priest, while the great tithes accrued to
St. Paul's. This was literally " robbing Peter to pay Paul."
The manor was granted by Henry VIII. to Sir Anthony Browne,
who annexed it to Cowdray, with which it has ever since passed.
Lodsworth House, the seat of Hasler Hollist, Esq., is a modern
mansion with a tower, in a small but beautiful park. Mr. Hollist
took the name in exchange from Capron, a family who held lands
in Lodsworth in the thirteenth century.
The church (St. Peter) is sometimes described as a chapel to
Easebourne. It consists of a nave, chancel, transepts, aisles,
and a square tower, and has been almost entirely rebuilt within
the last few years. It contains several memorials for the fami
lies of Hollist and Bridger. Of the old manor-house adjacent
to the churchyard the following account was printed a few
years since : — " It is now a farmhouse and much shorn of its
former dimensions. Many of its rooms are much dilapidated.
One or two heavy buttresses and a pointed window partly blocked
up remain, and in the kitchen is a good fire back with the arms
of the 1st Viscount Montague, with sixteen quarterings and

LOXWOOD. LULLINGTON. 35
supporters. There is a dungeon in the house." This may have
been the "liberty prison" of Lodsworth. The site of the
liberty gallows " is pointed out at a place called Galley-hill.
[S. A. C. FitzHeriz lands belonging to priory of Hardham, xi, 114.
Chapel, xu, 94. Rents to Boxgrove,xv, 119. Bells, xvi, 217. Liberty and
gaol, xx, 31.] J

LOXWOOD (or Loxwood End).
A hamlet and ancient chapelry of Wisborough Green. The
chapel was erected by license of Bishop Robert Praty, in 1414.
Three maiden sisters are said to have improved and endowed it
about 1540. It consists of nave and chancel.

LULLINGTON.

Vulgo, Linkun, or Little Chapel, a Parish in the Hundred of Alciston ;
Rape of Pevensey ; distant nine miles south-east from Lewes, which is
its Post-town. Railway station, Berwick, distant about three miles.
Union, Eastbourne. Population inl811, 48 ; in 1861, 16! Benefice,
a Vicarage, valued at £40 ; Patron, the Bishop of Chichester ; Se
questrator, Rev. Henry Kelson, M.A., of Sidney-Sussex College,
Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1721. Acreage, 1,162.
This South Down parish has one of the smallest populations
in the county ; as also the smallest church, the interior of which
measures only about 16 feet square. It is, however, only the
chancel of the original Early English structure. This parish
was originally a chapelry to Alciston.
About forty years since a gentleman attended morning service here,
when the congregation amounted to twelve persons. The curate was a
remarkably diminutive man : he preached from John xi, 35, and the
offertory realized 18d. — upon which the stranger remarked that it was
the smallest church, the smallest parson, the shortest text, and the
smallest collection he had ever witnessed.
The manor was held 28th Elizabeth by Sir Philip Sydney. It
afterwards passed to the Sackvilles, whose descendants still
possess it. The Woodhams family have held the farm for many
generations. [S. A. C. Domesday watermill, v, 271. Marshall's legacy, xiii, 52.
Bell, xvi, 217. Manor to Battle Abbey, xvii, 54. Stone of, xvii, 151.
Woodhams family, xvii, 241. A Lullington man in Cade's rebellion, xviii,
27.]
J d 2

36 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
LURGASHALL.
A parish in the Hundred of Rotherbridge ; Rape of Arundel ; distant
five miles north-west from Petworth, its Post-town and Railway
station. Union, Midhurst. Population in 1811, 549 ; in 1861, 727.
Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £463 ; Patron, Lord Leconfield,;
Incumbent, Rev. Septimus Fairies, B.A., of St. John's College,
Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1559. Acreage,
4,850. Chief Landowners, Lord Leconfield, Lord Egmont, W. T.
Mitford, Esq., and Hasler Hollist, Esq. Seat, Blackdown Cottage,
General Yaldwin.
The ancient spellings Lodekersale, Lotegershale, &c, justify
the derivation of the name of this parish from Leodgarhis
(corruptly Leger), whose aula or hall it probably was, in Saxon
times. The situation is truly romantic, and from Blackdown
Hill views certainly unequalled in Sussex for grandeur and
variety can be obtained. This hill, which is of triangular form,
lies half in this parish — the rest in Lodsworth and Farnhurst.
It is a remarkable cropping up of the greensand formation, and
rises towards Lurgashall to a bold promontory 800 feet above the
level of the sea. It is covered with furze, holly, and timber, and
from its grand and sombre appearance well deserves its name.
Blackdown House, just over the border of the parish, in Lods
worth, is one of the most romantically situated mansions in
West Sussex. It was partly built in 1640, by William Yaldwin,
Esq., who was High Sheriff of the county in 1656, and a partisan
of Cromwell; and from this circumstance tradition has inti
mately associated Blackdown with that personage. The estate
belonged for eight generations to the Valdwins, from William
Valdwin, who died in 1590, to the present William Henry
Valdwyn, Esq., who has recently sold it to James Henry, Esq.
The manors in the parish are Diddlesfold and River. About
half the great stag park of Petworth is in Lurgashall, and the
lords of Petworth have until lately paid a modus of a fat buck
and doe to the parson, who at present receives £10 in lieu thereof.
The church (St. Lawrence) consists of a nave and chancel,
with a tower and shingled spire on the south side. The chancel
(Early English) was rebuilt some years since, and the tower is
of the Perpendicular period. Adjoining the south porch, to the
west, is an open cloister of timber frame, which is said to have
been built for the accommodation of remote parishioners who
therein ate their dinner between matins and evensong. The
nave, in 1866, 7, underwent thorough preservation, and in the
course of removing the plaster from both sides of the walls,-
very ancient herringbone masonry, and a north door (I think
unquestionably Saxon) were discovered. On the plaster inside

LYMINSTEK. 37
were disclosed three rude coats of arms, probably of the 14th
century. I. Ten annulets, 4, 3, 2, 1 ; II. Five fusils— Dawtry
of Petworth. III. Chequy— the arms of Lewes Priory. The
last coat is accounted for by the fact that Seffrid II., Bishop of
Chichester, 1180-1204, granted this church to the Priory of
Lewes, which held it until the Dissolution. The building, which
is full of interesting features, contains many memorials for the
Yaldwyns of Blackdown. The parish reckons among its rectors
a William Cobden, James Bramston, author of "The Art of
Politics," and Nicholas Turner, brother of Charlotte Smith. (See
" Worthies of Sussex," pp. 58 and 15.) In this parish and that
of Chiddingfold, just over the Surrey border, are to be found
various members of the supposed Saxon family of Enticknapp,
now in plebeian condition, and called by their neighbours and
themselves Emlet.
[S. A. C. Shelvestrode family, xii, 29. Church, xii, 74. James Bram
ston, xiv, 8. Bells, xvi, 217. River Rother, xvi, 260.]

LYMINSTEK, or Leominster.
Vulgo, Limster ; a parish in the Hundred of Poling ; Rape of Arundel ;
near its Post-town, Arundel. Union, East Preston. Population in
1811, 554 ; in 1861, 801. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £350 ;
Patron, the Bishop of London ; Incumbent, Rev. Matthew Enraght,
M.A., of Trinity College, Dublin. Date of earliest Parish Register,
1556. Acreage, 3,230. There are several excellent mansions and
residences in the parish, and in its tything Warningcamp.
The etymology of this name is " Leonis monasterium,"
the convent of St. Leo. It is found in records as Lolinminster,
and sometimes Nonneminster, from a nunnery which existed
here in ancient times. About half the parish is meadow and
brook land, in the valley of the Aran. The earliest mention of
the place is in the will of King Alfred, who bequeaths it to his
nephew Osferd. Whether this place or the town in Hereford
shire is the place from which Suane, son of Earl Godwin, in
veigled the Abbess, is uncertain. (See Pevensey.) From Domesday
it appears that it was held in demesne by the Confessor, and after
the Conquest by Earl Roger. It then contained twenty hides
never taxed. There were forty-four ploughlands, sixty-eight
villeins, and forty-three cottagers, a church, a mill, and two
salt-pans, and wood for thirty swine. Its value was £50. Robert
held a small estate, which, temp. Confessor, had belonged to Azor,
and was worth 10s.
The manor followed the descent of the earldom of Arundel,

38 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
until it was transferred by sale, temp. Elizabeth, to Richard
Knight, of Chawton, co. Hants. In 1679 it devolved by the
wife of Sir Richard Knight to Richard Martin, son of Michael
Martin, by Frances, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Christopher
Lewknor, after a circuitous descent through female heirs, whose
husbands successively took the name of Knight. In 1786, T.
May Knight, Esq., sold the manor to Charles Goring, Esq., of
Wiston, with whose representative it remains.
Coubtwick, formerly called " Powers in Wyke," was granted
by Henry III. to Stephen le Power, and it descended in the
female line to the Apsleys and Bellinghams. At the Reformation
it belonged to the monastery of Tewkesbury, and was granted
by Henry VHI. to Robert Palmer, of Parham. By his descend
ant it was conveyed in 1722 to James Colebrook, whose son sold
it in 1772 to Richard Bagnall, by whom it was sold in 1774 to
Richard Wyatt, Esq., and his great grandson, Hugh Wyatt,
Esq., LL.D., is the present owner.
Tottington is mentioned in Domesday as a distinct manor,
though held like Lyminster by Azor and by Robert. Totentune
was rated at four hides ; before the Conquest it was rated at
60s., afterwards at 70s. It is now a hamlet lying in the south
east part of the parish adjacent to Little-Hampton. It belongs
to the Duke of Norfolk.
Wabningcamp is a district or tything comprising about a third
part of the parish, and is bounded by the Aran. Turgod held
" Warnecha " of the Confessor, and after the Conquest Nigellus
held it. This also was rated at four hides. Temp. Confessoris it
was worth 60s., afterwards 20s., then 50s., so that some calamity
probably befel it at the Norman invasion. The manor of Blake-
hurst, which contains the whole of Warningcamp, has been
possessed by Morley, Geere, Cheale, Whitbread, and Margesson.
It is now annexed to the demesne of Arundel Castle. The area
is 919 acres, and the population in 1861 was 107. Warningcamp
was anciently a distinct parish, but it seems to have been eccle
siastically united with Lyminster before 1292. It is mentioned
as a chapelry in 1492. The church or chapel was on the hill to
the north-west of the hamlet, but the last vestiges were removed
in 1847, when a cottage was erected on the site. Batworth Park
is an ancient appendage to Arundel Castle. It is loftily situated,
and commands a fine view of the Castle. Cavalry barracks were
built here in 1800, but have been removed.
The Nunnery of Lyminster was of the Benedictine order,
founded on the basis of the Saxon establishment by an early
member of the De Montgomery family, soon after the Conquest.
The church and demesnes were then given to the nuns of
Almanesche in Normandy, also founded by Roger de Montgomeri,

MADEHUKST. 39
and it continued to be a cell. The convent consisted of a prioress
and four nuns. Temp. Henry V. the possessions were confis
cated, and later the impropriate tythes were granted as part of
the foundation of Eton College. It is now held by lessees.
The site of the nunnery has been built upon, and no trace of
the ancient walls is left. The Chart farm, formerly part of
the monastic estate, passed through a succession of owners to
the widely-spread and numerous West Sussex family of Duke.
The church (St. Mary Magdalen) comprises west tower, nave,
with north aisle and porch, and an unusually long chancel. The
tower is Transition Norman, but the greater part of the building
is Early English, with Perpendicular insertions. There is a
musical peal of six bells. The chancel arch is of peculiar con
struction, and very lofty. I have not seen this building, but
from Mr. Hussey's account of it, it has many points of interest,
though Dallaway describes it as of " the coarse parochial archi
tecture," whatever that may mean. It contains monuments for
the families of Blake, Groome, Wyatt, &c. In ancient times
there were in this small church altars dedicated respectively to
Our Lady and SSS. Stephen, John, and Catherine.*
The Priory of Ptneham or De Calceto, like Warningcamp,
has long been annexed to this parish. See Pyneham.
[S.A.C. Domesday watermills, v, 271. Manor of Courtwick, x, 213.
Calceto Priory, xi, 89. xviii, 56. Warningcamp (and its vineyard), xi,
102-3. Blakehurst belonged to Tortington Priory, xi, 110. Church, xi,
118. xii, 94. Hobgens of, ibid. Warningcamp chapel, ibid. Ropers of, ibid.
Wyatts of Courtwick, xiii, 303. Lands given to Boxgrove, xv, 97. Madg-
wick of, xvi, 50. Bells, xvi, 216. River Arun at, xvi, 258. Knucker-hole
and its legend, xviii, 180 (Evershed).~\

MADEHUKST.

A parish in the Hundred of Avisford ; Rape of Arundel ; distant three
miles north-west from Arundel, its Post-town and Railway station.
Union, West Hampnett. Population in 1811, 132 ; in 1861,208.
Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £100 ; Patron, John Charles
Fletcher, Esq. ; Incumbent, Rev. Henry Nicholls, M.A., of Wadham
College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register 1639. Acreage,
1,908. J. C. Fletcher, Esq., of Dale Park, is owner of the entire
parish.
Dallaway supposes this parish to have formed, originally,
part of Arundel forest. From temp. Edward I. to 1593, or
later, it belonged to the Arundel estate. In the reign of James
* Mr. Gibbon mentions from ancient wills, " the Good Cross of Lyminster," and
two or three curious bequests.

40 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
I. the manor passed to Sir Garret Kempe of Slyndon, and
James-Anthony, Earl of Newburgh, sold it to Sir George Thomas,
Bart., who died in 1815. That gentleman enclosed the lands
now known as Dale Park, and erected the large and splendid
mansion, from the designs of Bonomi, in 1784. His son aliened
it to Thomas Read Kemp, Esq., M.P., who re-sold it to John
Smith, Esq., M.P. It is now the property and seat of John
Charles Fletcher, Esq.
The church (St. Mary Magdalen), described by Dallaway as
" of the plainest architecture," was repaired in 1864, when a
north aisle and a new chancel were added, chiefly at the charge
of the patron.
[S. A. C. Hoskyn,xii, 69. Church, xii, 95. Page, xvi, 50. Bells, xvi,
218. Kempes had lands in, xix, 119.]

EAST MAKDEN.

A parish in the Hundred of Westbourne ; Rape of Chichester ; distant
eight miles north-west from Chichester ; Post-town, Petersfield.
Union, Westbourne. Population in 1811, 52 ; in 1861, 63. Benefice,
a Vicarage, valued at £162 ; Patron, the Bishop of Chichester ; In
cumbent, Rev. Charles Philip Lyne,M.A.,of Queen's College, Oxford.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1691. Acreage, 968.
See under Upmarden. The prebend of East Marden in
Chichester Cathedral was founded in the reign of Henry I., pro
bably by the family of Aguillon, when the manor, which is co
extensive with the parish, was annexed to it. The prebendary
has usually leased the site and lands for three lives, and thus
the families of Juxon, Brereton, Longcroft, Barwell, and Woods,
have been lessees. It is now in the hands of W. Leyland Woods,
Esq. The church (St. Peter) is described by Dallaway as having " a
nave or pace only, and remarkable for great antiquity, from
that circumstance." A recent account describes it as a hand
some Early English structure.
[S. A. C. Church xii, 74. Bell, xvi, 218.]

NORTH MARDEN.

A parish in the Hundred of Westbourne ; Rape of Chichester ; distant
nine miles north from Chichester. Post-town, Petersfield. Union,
Westbourne. Population in 1811, 23 ; in 1861, 28. Benefice, a

MAKESFIELD. 41
Rectory, valued at £70 ; Patron, the Lord of the Manor ; Incumbent,
Rev. Andrew Vogan. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1813. Acre
age, 682.
_ See under Upmarden. In 1475 the manor was held by
Sir George Browne, of Betchworth Castle, who was beheaded
by Richard III. in 1483. It remained in the Crown until it
was granted, by Queen Elizabeth, to William Grenefield. In later
times it belong to the Jenmans and Peckhams, and from the
latter it has descended to Admiral Sir Phipps Hornby.
"The church," says Horsfield, "has nothing requiring re
mark." It certainly deserves notice for the apsidal termination
of the chancel, which marks it of the Early Norman period.
There are not more than four or five other instances of the apsis
in the parish churches of Sussex. The rest of the building
appears to be Early English.
[S. A. C. Church, xvi, 134. Bell, xvi, 218.]

MARESFIELD.

Vulgo, Maresfull ; a parish in the Hundred of Rushmonden ; Rape of
Pevensey ; distant two miles north from Uckfield, its Post-town and
Railway station. Union, Uckfield. Population in 1811, 1,117 ; in
1861, 1,911. Benefice, a Rectory valued at £645 ; Patron, Charles
Salisbury Butler, Esq. ; Incumbent, Rev. Edward Turner, M.A., of
Balliol College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1538. Acre
age, 7,750. Chief Landowners, The Representatives of the late Sir
John Shelley, Bart.
The history of this parish has been fully written in the
" Sussex Collections," by the Rev. Edward Turner, Rector. The
soil varies from a stiff loam to a light sand, while Ashdown
Forest, a large portion of which lies in the parish, belongs to
the iron-sand formation, and is very barren. Its want of fer
tility is, in some measure, compensated by scenic beauty. The
shape of the parish is irregular; its lengthfrom south east tonorth
west being fully seven miles, while its average breadth is two
only. A nearly isolated part, called Stumbletts, bordering on West
Hothly and East Grinstead, lies in a deep forest dell, and not
far from their parish churches. Here dwell about forty of the
Maresfield folk at a distance of 6^ miles from the parish church.
This hamlet and Pippingford warren are both alluded to by
Horace Smith, in " Brambletye." Of the origin of the name of
Maresfield we can only guess. In ancient documents it is spelt
Marrysfeld, and Marysfield. As Mr. Turner conjectures, the
district may formerly have been dedicated to St. Mary, though
the church has now another invocation.

42 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
The church (St. Bartholomew), which, with the village, stands
near the southern limit of the parish, is ofthe Perpendicular
style, but has clearly been engrafted on a much earlier building,
portions ofthe chancel and the east window being Decorated. It
consists of a chancel, nave, and west embattled tower. The
architecture is very simple, but the interior, the walls of which'
were originally covered with paintings in distemper, is much en
cumbered by a heavy gallery, and the Shelley pew. In the
chancel are a piscina, and three iron grave-slabs, one of which is
dated 1667. -There are more recent records of the names of
Michell, Kidder, &c. The tower contains six modern bells. The
north porch, removed some years since from its original position,
has some bold oak carving.
The seats in the parish are of no great antiquity. The prin
cipal is Maresfield Park. The house, which was called " The
Cross," was the residence of the Newnham family, from whom
it came to Sir John Shelley, father of the late Sir John Villiers
Shelley, Bart., formerly M.P. for Westminster. Sir John Shelley
having inherited the estate through his mother, Wilhelmina,
daughter and heiress of John Newnham, Esq., added to the old
house, and made it a competent residence. It includes a library,
sixty feet in length. The family of De Newenham is of great
antiquity in the district, as appears from documents oitemp.
Edward III., and earlier. Another house, upon a larger scale,
is Twyford Lodge, near Stumbletts, before mentioned. It was
built by the late General Sewell, who inherited the estate from his
uncle, William Sewell, Esq., one of the six Clerks in Chancery.
In the 17th century, William Newnham, Esq., purchased a large
tract of Ashdown Forest, called Pippingford, which he enclosed
and partially planted. It subsequently passed, by sale, first to
William Bradford, Esq., and then to Henry Shirley, Esq. The
latter made large additions to the house, which was burnt down
in 1836. The estate subsequently became the property of John
Mortimer, Esq., who built a spacious house, which commands
extensive views over the adjacent wild and romantic scenery.
Forest Lodge is another modern house, the residence of Captain
William Noble ; and Twyford Abbey is that of Robert Trotter,
Esq. The only two houses of considerable antiquity are, 1st,
" The Park," now a farm house, with few ancient features. This
was the residence in the 16th and 17th centuries ofthe family of
Rootes, or Rutes, a name of frequent occurrence in this district.
Originally it possessed a well- timbered park. The present Mares
field Park, then, is a modern substitution for " The Cross." The
lands, with the advowson of the church, formed part of the
estate of Viscount Gage, until 1850, when they were purchased
by Sir J. V. Shelley. 2nd, "Marshalls." The property, doubt-

MARESFIELD. 43
less, belonged originally to a branch of the ancient Sussex family
of Marescal or Marshall, some of whose members served the
office of Sheriff as early as temp. Richard I. and John. In much
later times it would seem to have belonged to the Relfes, and it
afterwards came to the Nutts, a branch of the family settled at
Mays, in Selmeston, in the 17th century. By one of the Nutts
the present stone mansion was built during the Stuart period.
From the last of that family it passed to the Holfords, and it
afterwards came by purchase to Sir John V. Shelley, Bart. A
large house, built in the last century by Mr. William Newnham,
was called Street House. It stood opposite the church, but was
pulled down by the late Sir J. V. Shelley, when the entrance gate
to his grounds, a building in the medieval taste, was erected.
The family of Kidder were of long standing in the parish. They
were here, according to Mr. Turner, temp. Edward II., and one
at least of them was Bailiff of Ashdown. They sent off branches
to East Grinstead, Lewes, and many other places ; one branch
went to the United States. Richard Kidder, Bishop of Bath and
Wells, was of this stock. The Manor of Duddleswell, partly in
Maresfield, belongs to the Earl de la Warr, and there are copious
records respecting it among the Burrell MSS. On a command
ing site at Duddleswell stands the elegant residence of Elphin-
stone Barchard, Esq. In this parish are two excellent nursery
gardens, belonging respectively to Mr. Wood and Mr. Mitchell.
The latter is widely renowned for its roses, and for the finest
specimens of the Araucaria imbricata known in England.
There were three considerable iron-works in Maresfield; at
Old Land ; at the Old Forge, near Lampool ; and at the Forge, at
the south extremity of the parish, on the site now occupied by
gunpowder works. At Old Land the scoriae, or refuse of the
smelted iron, known as "cinders," cover many acres of land, in
beds varying from three to six feet in thickness. That the works
were carried on here by the Romans at a very early period of
their dominion in Britain, I have fully shown in vol. ii. of the
" Sussex Collections." Remains of that people in coins, fibulae,
Samian, and other pottery, were found in these cinder-beds in
and before the year 1844, when the cinders were much employed
in the repair of roads in the neighbourhood. At the " Old
Forge" cannon were cast, and balls have frequently been found
in the neighbouring proof -bank.
Among the learned rectors of Maresfield was the Rev. Henry
Michell, who held the living for fifty years, and the vicarage of
Brighton for forty-five. He was instituted to the benefice in
1739. His great erudition is well known, and his friend Clarke,
of Buxted, characterized him as a man of great taste and sound
judgment, who " read Greek in the country." (See Memoir in

44 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
" Worthies of Sussex," p. 230.) The rectory of Maresfield, at
the time of the Nonas Return in 1342, had considerable rights iu
the chase of Ashdown, including pasturage for twenty head of
cattle, and pannage for twenty-four hogs, so that we may con
clude that the parson had a well-stored larder. There are many
other matters of interest in Mr. Turner's paper, to which I beg
to refer the reader.
[S. A. C, including the references to Ashdown and Nutley. Iron works,
ii, 171, 214. iii, 243, 245. xviii, 16, 62, 68. Extracts from Parish Register,
iv, 244. Kings Edward II. and Edward III. at, vi, 54. ix, 154. xiv, 45.
John of Gaunt at, xiv, 45. Royal hunting seat, viii, 32. xvii, 121. John
Wickliffe at, ix, 42. Free chapels of Nutley and Dudeney, ix, 41, 43. xiv,
43. xx, 230. Kidders of, ix, 125. Nutts of Marshalls, xi, 49. xiv, 147.
Marshalls of, xi, 83. xiv ,146. xv, 213. Coins, Roman, Saxon, &c,
ii, 169. xiv, 38. xiv, 36. xviii, 67. xvii. 252. Church, xii, 17. Shelleys
of, xiii, 140. Ashdown Forest, xiv, 34. Cade's insurrection, xviii, 28. Earl
of Dorset at Duddleswell Lodge,xiv, 51 . The last deer of Ashdown, xiv, 62.
Parochial History {Turner), xiv, 138. Michelborne of, xiv, 150. Rootes of,
xiv, 237. Keymerof, xiv,237. Bells, xvi, 218, 219. Pilt-down, xvii, 252.
Twyford Lodge, xix, 37. Mill, xix, 206. Church of John Pettyt, ix, 43. xiv,
46. Levetts of, xix, 94.]

MAYFIELD.
.Vulgo, Maovul ; a town and parish in the Hundred of Loxfield- Pelham ;
Rape of Pevensey; distant 8^ miles from Tunbridge Wells; Post-town,
Hawkhurst ; Railway station, Jarvis Brook, distant about 2 miles ;
Union, Uckfield. Population in- 1811, 2,079 ; in 1861, 2,688. Bene
fice, a Vicarage, valued at £834 ; Patron and Incumbent, Rev. H.
T. M. Kirby, M.A., of St. John's College, Cambridge. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1,572. Acreage, 13,604. Chief Land
owners, The Marquis Camden, Right Hon. H. Brand, M.P., Sir F.
Sykes, Bart., John Hoskins, Esq. Seats, fyc, Lower House, Walter
Sprott, Esq.; Tidebrook, T.W.Adams, Esq.; Skipper's Hill, S.
Hughes Esq. ; Sunny Bank, Donald Barclay, Esq. ; Summer Hill,
W. Taylor, Esq. ; The Vicarage, Rev. H. T. M. Kirby, &c.
Of Mayfield, Mr. Durrant Cooper remarks : — " This is the
ground of Sussex miracles and wonders. The very name of
Loxfield reminds us ofthe evil spirit; whilst here it was that St.
Dunstan, finding the orientation of his first wooden church
rather defective, placed his shoulder to the corner, according to
Eadmer, and left it due East and West ; and here, too, whilst at
work at the forge, turning a horse-shoe, he perceived the ' old
gentleman' (in the guise of a beautiful lady) at his anvil, and
seizing him by the nose made him vanish."* The legend goes
* S,A. C. Vol. xxi., p. l.

MAYFIELD. 45
on to state that when the Saint had the foul fiend well in the
grasp of his tongs the latter flew away with him, and he, with
the pertinacity which always distinguished him, hung on to the
demon for the distance of three- miles, and at length descended
at a place still called Dunstan's Bridge. The pincers, anvil, and
hammer of the Saint are yet preserved in the ante-chapel of the
Palace, and they were formerly regarded as irrefragable evidence
of the truth of the legend !
St. Dunstan certainly had a mansio or resting-place at May-
field, and he was doubtless founder of the original church pre
viously to the year 988, the date of his death. Subsequent
Archbishops of Canterbury enlarged Dunstan's palace until it
became one ofthe stateliest edifices in the South of England, and
was able to give reception to royalty. King Edward I. visited
it on several occasions, 1297, 1305. Simon deMeopham, Arch
bishop, and his successor both died here, and it was here that,
in 1332, a Council* for the regulation of Saints' days was held.
Numerous deeds, ranging from 1294, to the date of the Refor
mation, prove that Mayfield (Magafelda) was a favourite resi
dence of the Primates, who held it until Cranmer surrendered
it together with the manor, park, and good lands, to Henry
VIII. About the year 1350 Archbishop Islip erected the magni
ficent hall, and many of the other buildings still remaining.
The hall itself is 70 feet by 39, and 60 feet high to the apex of
the roof. Some parts of the Palace are in the Perpendicular
style of the early part of the 16th century. The ensemble
before the date of the Reformation must have been very
grand. Besides the great hall there was a quadrangle at the
east end, with projections in the form of square towers.
To the south of the Palace the gate-house still remains ; it
is of the 15th century, and has a lofty pointed arch, now
partly blocked up. To return to the hall, it was stripped of its
roof towards the end ofthe last century, and for many years
the three grand supporting arches open to the weather re
mained, one of the finest specimens of the noble and picturesque
in Gothic architecture. The character of the building has been
well described in Vol. ii. of the " Sussex Archaeological Col
lections," and in Vol. xxiii. of the "Journal of the British
Archaeological Asssociation," and to them I must refer for many
exceedingly interesting details. A short time since, when the
Palace was partially restored for the purpose of using it as a
Convent, the roof was reinstated, and what was for ages the
banqueting-hall of the Archbishops was refitted as a chapel for
the Roman-Catholic Sisterhood. Another principal apartment
of the Palace bears the name of Queen Elizabeth's room, from
* This was called ConciHwn Maghfeldense.

46 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
the tradition that that sovereign occupied it during a temporary
visit to Mayfield. Another feature of the building is a remark
ably strong and massive staircase of stone, leading from the
ground floor to the upper apartments. No traces of the true
original chapel remain.
After the alienation ofthe Palace by Cramner, in 1545, Sir
John Gresham purchased it, and members of his family held it,
and occasionally resided here. Among the number was Sir
Thomas Gresham, the founder of the Royal Exchange, whose
crest, the grasshopper, appears with the date 1571, in "Queen
Elizabeth's room." In 1579 the Palace and estate were devised
to Sir Henry Neville, who appears to have resided at Mayfield,
but in 1597 he sold the palace and manor to Thomas May, Esq.,
ofthe Franchise in Burwash, whose wife andson sold them in 1617
to John Baker, Esq., in' whose descendants they long vested. In
1863 the Duchess of Leeds bought the Palace for conventual
purposes, and the adaptation of the buildings to that use was
entrusted to Mr. Pugin. The hundred and manor were separated
from the Palace, and passed from the Bakers through the Pel
hams to the Marquis Camden in 1790.
The park, called Frankham, for the archiepiscopal venison,
was upwards of 400 acres in extent, while the fishponds, measur
ing 9 acres, attested, as Mr. Cooper observes, " the care for the
welfare of the most reverend prelates on fast days."
Mayfield parish is divided into four districts, called quarters,
namely, Town, Moushill, Five-ash, and Bibleham. Thelast-named
was formerly called Bivelham, and was the seat of iron-works
when this and the neighbouring parishes were largely engaged
in that industry. To the iron trade succeeded hop-growing, and
in 1837 no less than 614 acres of hop-gardens existed.
The name of Cade prevailed in this parish for many generations,
John being the favourite praenomen. * This goes far to confirm
the statement that Jack Cade, the rebel, who was slain in the
adjacent parish of Heathfield in 1450, was an East Sussex man,
and not an Irishman, as some of our chroniclers assert. Thomas
May, the poet, and historian of the Long Parliament, son of the
purchaser of the estate from Sir H. Neville, lived in his early
days at Mayfield, and Sir Thomas Jenner, the celebrated lawyer
and judge, first saw the light in this parish in 1638.
Mayfield parish contains, besides the manor of its own name,
those of Isenhurst, which was formerly part of the possessions
of Michelham Priory, and at later dates the property of the
families of Baker, Kirby, and Treherne ; and Bibleham, long in
the possession of the Pelhams, but now belonging to the Right
Hon. Henry Brand, M.P. In the last generation the three princi-
* See Mr. W. D. Cooper, in " Sussex Archaeological Collections," vol. xxi.

MAYFIELD. 47
pal residences were known as 1st, Upper House, the Palace ;
2nd, Middle House, built in 1575 by William Houghton —
this is one of the -most curious timber houses in Sussex, and
is a picturesque study for the artist; 3rd, Lower House, be
longed, in the time of Henry VI., to the family of Aynscombe,
and bore the name of Aylwins, probably from some earlier pro
prietor. Besides the visit of Queen Elizabeth to Mayfield (1573) to see
the great merchant-prince, Sir Thomas Gresham, this old town
has had the honour of entertaining royalty in our own times.
In 1833 Queen (then Princess) Victoria spent a few hours in
surveying the principal objects of this ancient place.
The church, dedicated to St. Dunstan, together with a large
part of the town, was burnt down in 1389. The nave, aisles,
and choir, and also a chantry, dedicated to St. Alban, were de
stroyed, but the tower, which is now crowned with a shingled
spire, retains traces of Early English architecture. The re
building of the fabric took place early in the 15th century, and
has some very interesting features, including two piscinae and a
hagioscope. The central window, which escaped the fire, is in
the flamboyant style. Among the vicars may be named (1.)
John de Wickliffe, appointed 1361, and who has been mistaken
for the great Reformer. (2.) George Carleton, afterwards Bishop
of Llandaff, from whence he was translated to Chichester. (3.)
John Maynard, of an old family of Rotherfield. One of his an
cestors, William Maynard, was burnt at Lewes for Protestant
ism in 1557.* This vicar, who was appointed one of the Assembly
of Divines, lies buried in the church-yard, and his epitaph assures
us that " he shone for 40 years the light and glory of this
church of Mayfield." Within the church are numerous in
scriptions to the names of Baker, extending over many genera
tions, while other names occurring on the various monuments
are Cole, Roberts, Farnden, Houghton, Grant, Aynscombe,
Godfrey, Rivers, etc. There are six bells. In the church-yard
there formerly stood, it is said, a tombstone with this re
markable effusion : — " 0, reader, if that thou canst read,
Look down upon this stone,
Death is the man, do what you can,
That never spareth none I"
The church has lately undergone extensive repairs and restora
tions. Hadlow Down, in this parish, is a distinct ecclesiastical
* Two Protestant martyrs were burnt in the town of Mayfield itself in 1556, viz.,
John Hart, shoemaker, and Thomas Ravendale, currier. (Foxe.)

48 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
district, and Five Ashes is a scattered hamlet, about 2£ miles
south-west of the town. There are several considerable man
sions in the parish. Gatehouse, at the south-west corner of
Mayfield, has been owned in succession by the families of
Fuller, Apsley, Dalrymple, and Thomas (Treherne). Hadlow
House, long the residence of the family of Day, is now that of
John Hoskins, Esq. At Isenhurst resides Sir Frederic Sykes,
Bart., and there are several other houses in the rural portion
of the parish, some of which are particularized above.
[S. A. C. Ironworks, ii, 214. iii, 241. xviii, 15. Palace of (Hoare), ii,
221. Parish register extracts, iv, 256. May family, v, 47. John Baker,
sheriff, v, 60. Baker family, xiii, 96. Morley family, ironworks here, ii,
214. v, 91. Queen Elizabeth at, v, 190. Seal of Friars of Cologne, v, 200.
King Edward I. visits Mayfield, ii, 142. Walter Gale, the schoolmaster,
his Journal, ix, 182. John Wilmshurst, xiii, 58. St. Dunstan's legend,
xiii, 221. Ibid, 227. John Edwards, Esq., of Herrings, and his javelin
escort, xiii, 230. Edwards family, xvi, 48. xix, 88. Isted of Morehouse,
xiv, 102. Weston and Day, xvi, 49. Church bells, xvi, 218. Relfes of,
xviii, 14. Ironworks at Bibleham and Hawksden, xviii, 16. Adherents of
Jack Cade, xviii, 23. Ibid, 30. Antique sword found at, xviii, 64. Over
seers' accompts, xviii, 196. Civil marriages at Glynde, xix, 202.]

MERSTON.

Domesday, Mersitone ; a parish in the Hundred of Box aud Stockbridge ;
Rape of Chichester ; distant three miles south east from Chichester,
its Post-town. Railway station, Drayton, distant about two miles
north. Union, West Hampnett. Population in 1811, 84 ; in 1861,
79. Benefice, a Rectory valued at £265; Patron, the Lord Chan
cellor; Incumbent, Rev. R. F. Chambers, of Trinity College, Dublin.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1751. Acreage, 710. Chief Land
owner, J. Godman, Esq., lord of the manor.
A small flat parish. Before the Conquest, Gort held it of
King Edward, afterwards one Oismelin was tenant of Earl
Roger. It descended like Hunston to Robert de Monte Alto,
and later to John Bonville. Afterwards the Carylls had it till
1777. The Right Hon. Thomas Steele sold it to an ancestor of
the present proprietor and lord of the manor. The church, of
which an etching is given in Nibbs's churches, consists of nave,
chancel, north aisle, and dovecot steeple. It is Early English,
with Decorated insertions. The situation is pleasing and pictur
esque. A trout stream, which runs through the parish, had
three mills at the date of Domesday.
[S. A. C. Domesday mills, v, 271. Bell of, xvi. 218."]

49
MICHELHAM PRIORY.
This house of Augustinian canons, dedicated to the Holy
Trinity, was founded in the parish of Arlington shortly before
the year 1229, by Gilbert de Aquila, whose ancestor, Engenulf
de I'Aigle^ came over with the Conqueror, and, "with shield
slung at his neck, and gallantly handling his spear, struck down
many ofthe EngHsh." (Roman de Rou.) The De Aquilas were
forseveral generations lords of Pevensey Castle and its Rape.
This place is supposed to have derived its name from Gislebertus
Magnus (Anglo-Saxon micel) and ham, abode or home. The
foundation charter confers on the canons his lordship of Michel-
ham, with its park, villeins, and rents ; and lands in Hailsham,
Willmgdon, the Dicker, the Broyle, and other woods in Sussex,
with pastures for sixty beasts, and pannage for a hundred hogs,
as also the manor of Chyngton in Seaford, where the brethren
had afterwards a grange and chapel. A full account of the
charters, royal confirmations, &c, relating to this priory is given
in Vol. vi. of the " Sussex Collections," by the Rev. G. Miles
Cooper. To this new foundation many knightly and gentle
families afterwards became benefactors, giving lands in "la
Knocke " (retained in Knock -hatch, one of the ancient entrances
to Michelham Park), Kelle, Jevington, Brighthelmston (whence
the manor of Brighthelmston-Michelham), Ditton in Westham,
Willrngdon, Isinghurst in Mayfield, Horsted-Keynes, Hartfield,
and Cowden. The churches of Laughton and Hailsham were
also attached to the foundation. In 1398 the conventual build
ings appear to have been in bad condition, consequent upon in
undations of the sea on their lands, and as a means of assistance
the churches of Alfriston and Fletching were appropriated to
the establishment. Thenceforward the priory appears to have
possessed a competent revenue, and the prior had forest rights
with herbage and pannage in Wilmington, Clavregge in Waldron,
Hawkehurste in East Hothly, the Dicker, the Broyle, Waldron,
Bromeknoll in Ashdown Forest, and Laughton. There is but
little history attached to this monastery, except occasional law
suits. In 1302,EdwardL, on one of his southern progresses, passed
a night at the priory. At or just before the dissolution the
brethren were eight in number. That event occurred in 1537,
when the income was valued at £191 19s. 3d.
The priory was erected on a rich alluvial soil, in the valley of
the river Cuckmere, which was here made a spacious square
moat with upwards of five acres of water, enclosing an area of
eight acres. The situation is extremely picturesque, and the
remains of the conventual buildings are still considerable. The
gateway continues entire, and is one of the most interesting
VOL. II. e

50 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
objects in Sussex. It is an embattled tower about 50 feet in
height, with four square-headed windows, and a wide entrance,
with a depressed arch, apparently of the fifteenth century. The
house itself, having always been inhabited, retains many ancient
features. The south side presents a handsome elevation of great
length, and on the north side are the remains of the chapel of
good Early English work, though much mutilated. The crypt
remains unchanged with its groining ribs almost intact. There
is a small narrow passage with Early English ribs, and con
nected with it is a curious recess called " Isaac's Hole," which
is conjectured to have been a penitentiary. After the dissolu
tion Michelham became a private residence and was occupied by
the families of Marshall, Pelham, &c. It eventually became the
property of the Sackvilles, in whose representatives it is still
vested. To the lover of the picturesque and the antiquary,
Michelham offers a treat rarely to be met with in the south of
England.

MIDDLETON.

Domesday, Middeltone ; a parish in the Hundred of Avisford ; Rape of
Arundel ; distant three miles east from Bognor, its Post-town. Rail
way station, Yapton, distant abont three miles north. Union, West
Hampnett. Population in 1811, 50; in 1861, 89. Benefice, a Rectory
valued at £180 ; Patron, G. Hartwell Roe, Esq. ; Incumbent, Rev.
Alfred Conder, M.A., of Queen's College, Cambridge. Date of earliest
Parish Register, 1560. Acreage, 362. Seat, Middleton House, Harry
Whieldon, Esq.
This parish has suffered greatly from the encroachments of
the sea. Between 1292 and the date of the Nonse roll, 1341,
forty acres of arable land had disappeared. Since then much
greater ravages have occurred. Altogether it is estimated that
since the Conquest more than half the parish has been absorbed.
The church (St. Nicholas), which originally stood in the centre
of the parish, is mentioned by Cartwright in 1832 as a small,
low building. " The south aisle, tower, and half the chancel,"
he says, " with the whole south side of the churchyard, have
been absorbed, and are now covered with shingle." Since that
time the building has entirely disappeared, and a new church
was erected in 1849. Charlotte Smith's sonnet on Middleton
church has often been quoted. A reef of rocks, called Middle-
ton ledge, projecting more than a mile from the shore, points out
the foimer sea margin.
Before the Conquest five free men held Middeltone, and after
wards William held it of Earl Roger. A church is mentioned.

MIDHURST. 51
In 1319, John la Warr was mesne lord, and it has since vested
in the families of St. John, Poynings, West, Bridger, Thomp
son, and Coote. The small tything of Elmee, gave name to a
family temp. Henry III.
[S. A. C. Norton of, xii, 90. Church, xii, 95. xviii, 94, 100.]

MIDHURST.
Vulgo, Medhust ; a parish, borough, and market-town, in the Hundred of
Easebourne ; Rape of Chichester ; distant twelve miles north from
Chichester, and six west from Petworth. It has a Railway-station
on the Mid-Sussex line. Union, Midhurst. Population in 1811, 1,256 ;
in 1861, 1,340. Benefice, a Perpetual Curacy, valued at £170; Pa
tron, the Earl of Egmont ; Incumbent, Rev. William Haydon, M.A.,
of University College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1565.
Acreage, 671.
Midhurst is one of the many interesting spots with which
West Sussex abounds, and, though not rich in historical associa
tions, possesses much picturesque beauty, and a most salubrious
climate. The notion that it represents a Roman station called
Miba or Mida is utterly groundless. The name is Saxon, from
middan and hirst, and signifies a place in the midst of woody
ground. The town, which lies on the south bank of the Rother,
consists principally of North Street, the rising ground known
as Rumbold's Hill, and West Street. Midhurst is not mentioned
in Domesday, as at that period it was probably included, both
manoriaUy and ecclesiastically, in Easebourne. In the reign of
Henry I., Savaric de Bohun obtained 4£ knights' fees, and held
of the honour of Arundel. By that monarch it was erected
into a minor barony or lordship, and was held of the King.
Temp. Edward I., Walter, Lord Beke of Eresby, was in posses
sion, with remainder to the De Bohuns.* John de Bohun was
summoned to Parliament as Baron of Midhurst, probably in re
ward of his services in Flanders and at Cressy, but after his
death, in 1367, this peerage seems to have discontinued. His
descendant, John de Bohun, died without male issue, and his
estates here and elsewhere passed, temp. Henry VII., to his two
daughters and co-heiresses, Mary, wife of Sir David Owen,
natural son of Owen Tudor, grandfather of Henry VTL, and
Ursula, wife of Robert Southwell, of Suffolk. Upon a hill rising
above the Rother stood the baronial castle of the De Bohuns,
with its chapel of St. Anne, the site being now overgrown with
* In 1278 the demesne is described as containing a messuage, two parks, and two
mills.
E 2

52 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
stately trees. From the dedication of the chapel, the place7.
supposed to have been deserted as early as the reign of Edward
III., is still called St. Anne's-hill, vulgo, "Tan Hill." King Ed
ward I. visited Midhurst in 1286, 1299, and 1305. In the last-
mentioned year his son, the first Prince of Wales, stayed here
four days in order to overtake his father, whom he had offended.
The names of Butler and Hoad, still retained at Midhurst, seem
to represent those of Le Botiler and Ode, who are mentioned in
the records relating to the visit of the " long-shanked king."
Midhurst is a borough by prescription. It sent two members
to Parliament from temp. Edward II. ; but in 1832 it was limited
to one, and even to secure that one, it was necessary to annex
several adjacent parishes. Two or three personages well known
to fame have represented the borough, including Charles James
Fox, and, more recently, Samuel Warren, Q.C., author of " Ten
Thousand a Tear," &c. The patronage of the borough has
passed through the families of Fagg, Peachey, Knight, and
the Lords Montague, to that of Smith, J. Abel Smith, M.P.,
being the present owner. There were formerly about 120 burg
age tenements, which entitled their respective owners to vote.
One of the Lords Montague pulled some of them down that he
might, enlarge Cowdray Park, but had stones inscribed "a
Burgage " put into the wall to indicate their sites, whereupon a
noble duke remarked that " so low had the elective franchise
fallen, that at Midhurst the very stones appeared as voters for
members of Parliament !" The Knights of St. John of Jerusa
lem had a Commandery here, probably as successors to the
Knights-Templars, when the latter order was dissolved by King
Edward II. They had jurisdiction over a district still known as
the Liberty of St. John, which is independent of both the
borough and manor of Midhurst. After the Reformation it was
granted in 1542 to Sir William Fitz-William, K.G. The liberty
extends into several neighbouring parishes.
The church, dedicated, according to ancient wills, to St. Mary
Magdalen, but popularly ascribed to St. Denis, is a chapel-of-
ease to Easebourne. The building, which is neither very ancient
nor imposing, is principally of the Perpendicular style of temp.
Henry VI. It consists of nave, chancel, and two small aisles on the
south side separated by a tower, the lower part of which appears
to be either Norman or very Early English. The west aisle or
chapel, built by the executors of William, Earl of Southampton,
contained a, costly monument to the first Lord Montague and
his two wives, but this has been removed. In 1422 Henry
Bageley or Baggele founded in this church a brotherhood and a
chantry for his soul. Mr. Cooper informs us that he became a
Lollard, and was burnt in Smithfield in 1431. There is now

MILLAND. MILTON STREET. 53
little of interest within the building, and the existing monu
ments are for the families of Mellish, Cresswell, Bailey, Fisher,
Shirley, Bridgman, Morrison, Golding, Robson, Upperton, &c.
The tower contains six bells. A grammar-school was founded
here in 1672 by Mr. Gilbert Hannam, a coverlet-maker, for " 12
poore men's sonnes," who must be neither Romanists nor Dis
senters. The school arose upon this foundation to be one of the
best in the county. Three Bailys (all D.D.'s) were in succession
head-masters ; and in the time of the first Dr. Baily the private
scholars numbered 70. Richard Cobden and Sir Charles Lyell
were boys here. The building was enlarged by successive
masters, but of late, by reason of internal mismanagement, the
school has been disused, and, when I last visited the school-
house, nearly every window of it had been broken by stone-
throwers. There are several excellent residences within and
about the town. At Todham formerly stood a mansion, contain
ing a chapel, built in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by George
Denis. It contained the arms of Denis, Rose, Pelham, &c.
W. D. Cooper, Esq., has written an account of " Midhurst :
its Lords and its inhabitants," in Vol. xx. of the " Sussex Col
lections," which, though very interesting, is too long for even
an outline here.
[S. A. C. Free chapel, iii, 23. xx, 28. Bohuns, v, 178. vii, 22. Visit
of the Society to, xx. Report, ix. Midhurst, its lords, landowners, &c.
(Cooper), xx, 1—33. Owens of, v, 178. Fitz- Williams, v, 179. Monta
gues, v, 179. xx, 204. Poyntz of, v, 179. xv, 136. Domesday watermill
at Todham (Qy. Coster's mill), v, 272. King Edward I. at, i, 138. xx,
8. ii, 85, 138, 143, 152. The storm of 1703, xii, 55. xx, 204. Church,
xii, 74. xx, 24. Bells, xvi, 218. Hearth-tax, xv, 71. Grammar school,
xv, 73. xx, 26, 203. Parish charities, xvi, 61. River Rother, xvi, 259.
Aylwins of, xvii, 254. xix, 93. London road to Chichester, xix, 167. St.
Anne's Hill, xx, 175. Castle of, xx, Report. Belonged to Arundel, xx, 1.
Families of Boteler, Puffere, Hosey, Lundenisse, Chedingfold, Home,
and Tanner, xx, 7. Exton of, xx, 11. Brotherhood of, xx, 15, 24. Denis
of Todham, xx, 15. Families of Turner, Lewknor, and Napper, xx, 19.
Families of Taylor and Woodecote, xx,7. Baggele, Lollard and martyr, xx,
24. Torton Priory lands, xx, 25. Incumbents, ibid. Liberty of St. John,
xx, 27. Cobdens of, xvi, 51. xx, 29. Hollis of, xx, 29. Races at, xx, 227.]

MILLAND. (See Trotton.)

MILTON STREET.

A hamlet of Arlington, close to Wilmington, whither the
inhabitants repair for divine worship, &c, on account of the

54 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
remoteness of their parish church. Milton Court, the ancient
manor house, has been for the last two centuries m the tenancy
of the very old Sussex family of Ade. There were before the
erection of the present house, remains of the old manorial
chapel. The late Mr. Charles Ade, the well-known archaeolo
gist and numismatist, was father of the present tenant, Mr. J.
S. Ade.

MOUNTFIELD.

Domesday, Montifelle ; vulgo, Muntful; a parish in the Hundred of
Netherfield ; Rape of Hastings ; distant four miles north from
Battle. Post-town, Hawkhurst. Railway station, Robertsbridge,
distant about 2^ miles. Union, Battle. Population in 1811, 581 ; in
1861, 585. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £180. Patron, Earl De
la Warr; Incumbent, Rev. William Margesson, M.A., of Christ
Church, Oxon. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1558. Acreage,
3,841. Seats, Court Lodge {now Mountfield Court), Edward Chris
topher Egerton, Esq., M.P. ; and Rushton Park, Wm. Rushton
Adamson, Esq.
A well-wooded and pleasingly undulated parish. The
manor is an infeudation of Echingham. Gode held it of the
Confessor, but after the great Survey, Reinbert held Montifelle
of the Earl of Eu. Temp. Henry ILL, and probably earlier, it
belonged to the family of Sokeners. In that reign William,
son and heir of Roger Sokeners, granted to Benedict, son of
Robert de Hokestepe, the lands of Westdune and Loleland in
this manor. The Hokestepe family (whose name is now cor
rupted to Huckstepp) are of great antiquity in these parts. In
23rd Edward I. William de Echingham was lord, and the manor
continued with his descendants until 1468. From the Tyrwhitts,
who inherited from that baronial race, it passed to the family
of English, who about the year 1660 sold it to that of Nicholl,
in whose possession it remained until within the last few years.
The manor of Fame or Vinehall, anciently Fynhawe, gave name
to the family of De Fynhawe, who ultimately wrote themselves
Vinall, settled at Kingston near Lewes, and became extinct about
the end ofthe 17th century. It afterwards belonged to the family
of Dunk, and then to that of Davis. It has lately passed by
sale from Mr. Tilden Smith to W. R. Adamson, Esq., by whom
it has been re-named Rushton Park, and the mansion possesses
every appliance of luxury, including gas made on the spot, and
commands a fine view. Glattingham is another reputed manor.
In a wood upon it, called the Castle Wood, remains of an ancient
moated mansion were traceable not long since. The site, with a

NORTH MUNDHAM. 55
few_ acres of land, though locally in Mountfield, belongs to the
parish of Echingham. The property called Walters belonged
successively to the families of Hickes, Dunmoll, Mercer, and
Durrant. In 1863 a remarkable discovery was made in an enclosure
called Barn Field, in this parish. It consisted of torques, pen-
annular rings, &c, of solid gold, which may have formed the per
sonal ornaments of a King or Druid of the Celtic period. This
treasure-trove, estimated to weigh nearly thirteen pounds, and
worth £650 sterling, was discovered by a ploughman, and sold by
him as old brass for 6d. per pound. The purchasers, who knew
the value, sold their nefarious prize to a refiner in London, who
consigned it to the melting pot ! This is one of the most
serious losses that Sussex archaeology ever sustained ; but it is
satisfactory to state that after an inquest made by the coroner
ofthe district, and criminal proceedings taken at Lewes Assizes,
the guilty parties, Thomas and Willet, were imprisoned in the
county gaol until payment of the value of their plunder (as
sessed at £530) should be paid. The refiner himself ought, per
haps, to have gone through the fiery trial of a prosecution for
such barbarous destruction of historical remains. Sixteen yeomen
and labourers of this parish were concerned in Jack Cade's ris
ing, 1450.
The church (All Saints) was restored some years since, chiefly
at the cost of Earl de la Warr. It consists of a chancel, nave,
and bell-turret, with an ancient bell inscribed to St. Augustine.
The style is Early English. On a window in the nave are the
arms of Echingham, and on the font is a shield with three
escallops (2 and 1), a coat which occurs at Dallington, Roberts-
bridge, &c. There is a monument for the Hicks family.
[S. A. C. Ironworks, iii, 245. Weekes of, iron-masters, xi, 82. Church,
xiii, 136. Gold ornaments found (Combe), xv. vii, 238. xvi, 310. River
Brede, xv, 154. Bell, xvi, 218. Tithes to Battle, xvii, 24. Cade's ad
herents, xviii, 26.]

NORTH MUNDHAM.

Domesday, Mundreham ; a parish in the Hundred of Box and Stockbridge ;
Rape of Chichester ; distant two miles south-east from Chichester, its
Post-town ; Railway station, Drayton, distant about 2 J miles. Union,
West Hampnett. Population in 1811, 430 ; in 1861, 426. Benefice,
a Vicarage, with Hunston annexed, value £645. Patron, Repre
sentatives of the late J. B. Fletcher, Esq. ; Incumbent, Rev. Charles
Dudding Holland, B.A., of Caius College, Cambridge. Date of

56 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
earliest Parish Register, 1558. Acreage, 1,882. Chief Landowners,
Miss Merricks and J. Bayton, Esq. Seats, Runcton House, Miss
Merricks ; Mundham House, Mrs. Hollingdale.
A pleasant sequestered village on a fertile soil. Goda, the
mother of Harold, held the manor of Edward the Confessor.
After the Conquest it was part of the barony of Earl Roger de
Montgomeri. It had a church and 2£ mills. At a later date it
was possessed by Robert de Monte Alto, and descended to the
St. Johns. In more recent times the Lords La Warr, the
Bowyers, Coverts, Balletts, and Breretons held it. Rochin-
tone, presumed to be the same as Runcton, is also mentioned in
Domesday. At the Dissolution, Mundham and Runcton were
purchased by Thomas Bowyer, an eminent citizen of London,
whose family had been connected with Sussex from the time of
Henry IV. It has been for three generations in the family of
Merricks. It formerly had a chapel. Leythorne, in this parish,
was one of the manors of Bishop Sherburne, who bequeathed it
to the Dean and Chapter of Chichester. Sir Thomas Bowyer, a
great Royalist, rebuilt the house in stately fashion. It was
destroyed in 1798. A younger branch of the Bowyers had the
estate of Vinitrow in this parish. Brimfast, another small
estate, was part of the grant of Ceadwalla to Bishop Wilfred ;
and Fishers belonged to the family of Merlot.
The church (St. Stephen) consists of nave, chancel, north and
south aisles under one roof span, and embattled west tower. It
is a rude, picturesque building, with Norman, Early English, and
later features. Dallaway says that the chapel of St. Mary Magda
lene was founded by a member ofthe St. John family of Halnaker5
before 1348, at the end of the north aisle. There are several
curious monuments and inscriptions for the families of Bowyer,
Cassey, Byrch, Evans, Woodyer, Covert, Newland, and Bigs.
[S. A. C. Bowyer of Leythorne, v, 47. xvi, 50. Domesday watermills,
v, 271. Bonvilles, lords of, xv, 59. Lands, &c, to Boxgrove Priory, and
church rebuilt, xv, 91, 92. Bells, xvi, 219. Topography of, xviii, 94.]

MUNTHAM.
A considerable estate, extending into the parishes of Findon,
Sullington, and Washington. It belonged from early times
(46th Edward III.) to a family of the same name, whose original
habitat appears to have been in the parish of Itchingfield, this
being an outlying portion of their manor. In 12th Henry VI.
John Apsley was owner ; and in 1st Edward VI. it belonged to
his descendant, Nicholas Apsley, whose son sold it to the Shelley

NETHERFIELD. NEWHAVEN. 57
family. Later it was owned by the families of Crowe, Middle-
ton, and Montague. In 1 765 it became the property of William
Frankland, Esq., of the baronet family of Thirkleby, co. York,
and 'a descendant', through female lines, of Oliver Cromwell.
The house, which lies in a deep dell, was built by Anthony,
Viscount Montague, as a hunting-box. Mr. Frankland (who
had been, for those days, an adventurous spirit, having for
some time resided at Bengal, returned, in the character of a
tatar or messenger, and visited Bagdad, Jerusalem, the site of.
Babylon, Palmyra, and many other places) greatly enlarged the
house. There he employed himself in mechanical pursuits, and
made his habitation a kind of museum for organs, turning
lathes, looms, &c, at the cost of more than £20,000. He pur
sued his favourite tastes at Muntham for 40 years of his life,
and died in 1 805, more than 84 years of age. He had a good
collection of pictures illustrative of his descent from Cromwell.

NETHERFIELD.

A hamlet in the parish of Battle, giving name to a hundred.
The qualifying nether I could never understand, as the place is
seated on high ground, and from it the coast of France may be
clearly discerned. A memorial church (St. John the Baptist),
with parsonage-house and schools, was erected here about 1860,
by Sarah Lady Webster, for her husband, Sir Godfrey Webster,
Bart., of Battle Abbey. This is a great accommodation for many
of the outlying inhabitants of Battle. The patron is the Bishop
of Chichester, and the present Incumbent is the Rev. Thomas
Partington, M.A.

NEWHAVEN (otherwise Meeching).
A parish in the Hundred of Holmstrow ; Rape of Lewes ; distant 6^-
miles south of Lewes, its Post-town. It has two railway stations on a
branch ofthe South Coast line ; and gives name to a Union. Popula
tion in 1811, 755 ; in 1861, 1,886. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at
£186 ; Patron and Incumbent, Rev. Ebenezer P. Southwood, M.A.,
of Trinity College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1553.
Acreage, 1,217.
What was, three hundred years since, the village of Meeching
has, both previously and since, undergone considerable vicissi
tudes — greater perhaps than any other place on the Sussex
coast. The natural embouchure of the estuary of the Ouse
was here in early times, and during the days of Roman occupa
tion it was of sufficient importance to be defended by massive

58 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
earthworks, the remains of which we see on the western side of
the present port, and known as Castle Hill. The inroads of the
sea greatly altered the contour of the coast at this point,
and for centuries the ancient bed of the river was driven, by the
accumulation of shingle, three miles eastward, to Seaford, which
thus became an important haven. In the 16th century, by the
application of art, the Ouse was made to debouch at or near its
ancient point, and at New-Haven it has become more recently
one of the principal harbours on our coast. Some antiquaries
have fixed here the commencement of the great Roman via,
known as the Ermin Street. At the present time it is one of
the principal ports for communication between London and
Paris, on by far the most direct route. Powerful steamers daily
ply between it and Dieppe, and it has a considerable coasting
traffic. With a further outlay of money and engineering skill,
its advantages might be greatly increased, and some sanguine
minds have fixed here "the Liverpool of the South." Govern
ment authority has been brought to bear, and a fort of enormous
strength to mount 42 guns is in course of construction on the
Castle Hill ; the total cost, including accommodation for 300
men, is estimated at £150,000. During the necessary excavations
attention has been drawn to the existence of an extensive
" kitchen-midden " or dust heap of a Roman camp, containing
broken pottery, animal remains, and other relics of the past.
The geological features of the cliff atNewhaven are very remark
able. It was at Newhaven that Louis -Philippe and his Queen
landed on their escape from France in 1848.
The town of Newhaven proper consists principally of one hilly
street to the west of the Ouse ; another portion lies to the east
of the river, and is in the parish of Denton.
The manor of Meeching is not named in Domesday. It belonged
to the De Warennes in the 14th century. Much later it was
vested in the Gibbons, relatives of the historian. From him it
passed to his friend, the Earl of Sheffield, father of the present
noble proprietor.
The church (St. Michael) stands on a hill to the west of the
town. The western portion is recent and of no interest, but the
tower, placed near the east end of the building, with a semi
circular apse is remarkable, and bears a striking resemblance to
that of Yainville, near Jumieges in Normandy. It is probably
one of the earliest Norman erections in England. On the north
side of the church-yard is an obelisk commemorating 105 men,
the Captain and crew of the Brazen, sloop of war, wrecked on
the Ave rocks in this parish, in 1800.
[S. A. C. Roman remains, v, 263. Humphrey's Inventory, vi, 190
Church, ix, 89 {Lower), xvi, 134. Smugglers, x, 81. Battery, xi, 151.

NEWICK. 59
" Tipper " Ale, xi, 214. Drayton Polyolb., xv, 164. Quakers > xvi, 87.
Bell, xvi, 219. Jack Cade, xviii, 24. " Kitchen-Midden," xviii, 165-169
{Lower). Road to London, xix, 155, 163. Slate shipped from West
moreland, xx, 78.]

NEWICK.
A parish in the Hundred of Barcombe ; Rape of Lewes ; distant 4 J miles
west from Uckfield, its Post-town and nearest Railway station. Union,
Chailey. Population in 1811, 452 ; in 1861, 991. Benefice, a Rec
tory, valued at £387. Incumbent, Rev. William Powell, M.A., of
Oriel College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1559.
Acreage, 1,966. Seats, Newick Park, James H. Sclater, Esq. ;
Beechland, Thomas St. Leger Blaauw, Esq. ; Newick Lodge, M. T.
Archer, Esq., &c.
The surface of this parish is somewhat undulating, and has
agreeably diversified scenery. There are several mineral springs
near the Ouse, which runs through the parish. Newick Place
or Park was formerly the seat of the Hon. George Vernon, lord
ofthe manor. It is finely situated, and commands views of a
well-wooded and fertile country. Beechland, the residence of
the late William Henry Blaauw, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., the accom
plished Sussex Antiquary, is an elegant mansion. The Rectory
is a delightful residence. All these houses are approached by
avenues. Newick {novus vicus) does not seem to be of great antiquity.
It is not mentioned in Domesday, but it may have been included
in the manor of Barcombe, then Bercham. In 9th Edward I. it
was held by John, Earl of Warenne, Ralph de Camoys, Simon
de Petroponte, and the Prior of Lewes. In 28th Henry VI. the
Prior of Lewes solely held Newyke. In 12th Elizabeth, it seems
to have been a subinfeudation of the manor of Westmeston, as
it is mentionened in the Burrell MSS. that " the tenants of this
manor have long time used to do their suit to the Lords of the
manor of Westmeston, being six miles distant, which affirme
their custumes to be in all things as in Westmeston." In 24th
Elizabeth, Gregory Fynes, Lord Dacre, and Lady Anne his wife,
conveyed this manor with other lands to George Goring, Esq.,
of Lewes. Among subsequent lords have been the Boords of
Cuckfield, Longley of London, Relfe, the Lords Mansell, and the
Vernon family. Lord Vernon in 1791 had it for life. It was
afterwards sold to Sir Elijah Impey, from whom it passed to
James Powell, Esq. It is now the property of James Henry
Sclater, Esq. Other manors extend into the parish.
The church (St. Mary) consists of a .chancel, nave with north

60 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
aisle, (added about the year 1836). The south porch is in the
Decorated style, as is also the west tower, which contains three
bells. The chancel, is Early English, having Decorated windows
under earlier arches. There are a piscina, and two sedilia, all
rich. In the nave were formerly four small Norman windows, of
which two and a Norman door were obliterated in erecting the
aisle ; one window still appears in the south wall. (Hussey.)
The church contains memorials for members of the families
of Vernon, Mansell, and others. The view from the leads ofthe
tower over the Wealden district, especially towards the east, is
remarkably fine.
[S. A. C. Ironworks, ii, 215. Seal of William de la Chapel, ii, 303-
Prior of Lewes, iii, 41. Parish Register extracts, iv, 255. Budd.esslyde>
xiii, 48. Bells, xvi, 219. Cade's insurrection, xviii, 29. Robert Payne's
school at East Grinstead, xx, 143.]

NEWTIMBER.
Domesday, Nivembre ; a parish in the Hundred of Poynings ; Rape of
Lewes ; distant four miles south-west from Hassock's Gate station.
Post-town, Hurst-Pierpoint. Union, Cuckfield. Population in 1811,
173; in 1861,162. Benefice, a Rectory ; Patron, Arthur Pitman
Gordon, Esq. ; Incumbent, Rev. A. Pitman Gordon, M.A., of Christ
Church, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1558. Acreage,
1,663. Chief Landowners, Ch. H. Wm. Gordon, Esq., and Lord
Leconfield. Seat, Newtimber Place, C. H. W. Gordon, Esq.
This parish lies at the northern foot of the South Downs.
The scenery is bold and romantic, and there are many agreeable
undulations of surface. The principal house is Newtimber Place,
a brick building with remains of a moat. It has passed in
modern times through the families of Osborne and Newnham,
to that of Gordon, the present owners. Domesday Book informs
us that Nivembre belonged to William de Warenne. Previously
it had been the fee of Alfech (Elphick ?) an allodial tenant. It
was rated at ten hides. There were fourteen villeins, seven
bondmen, a mill yielding 20d., and a wood for three hogs.
Walter de Dunstanville gave Niewtymbre to his wife Dionysia.
Alan de Dunstanville gave it to the monks of Lewes Priory to
pray for the soul of his wife, but it would appear that a descendant
of De Warenne claimed it by inheritance. Later it came to the
great family of De Bohun. At the dissolution of the monas
teries it was the property of Lewes Priory, and Henry VIII.
granted it first to the vicar-general Cromwell, and afterwards
to Anne of Cleves. In 15th Elizabeth, Edward Darell appears
to have died seised of the manor. From the Darells it came

NINFIELD. 61
to the family of Bellingham, then very influential in this dis
trict. Subsequent owners have been Woodcock, Cust, Osborne,
Newnham, and Gordon, the present possessors. The paramount
lord of Newtimber is the Duke of Norfolk, in virtue of his
descent from the De Warennes, the ancient lords of the Rape
of Lewes. Another manor in this parish is Saddlescombe, for
which see a separate article. Interments of an ancient date —
apparently warriors, each with a weapon by his side — were
discovered near the earthwork called Wolstonbury, in 1765.
The church (St. John the Evangelist) is small (probably of
Early English date) and consists of a nave, chancel, and a square
flint tower (date 1839) of rather good aspect, which boasts of one
bell only. The building contained some years since, a few
remains of painted glass, as also a cross, the arms of De Bohun ;
but not having visited this church I cannot say whether they
still exist. There are inscriptions to the families of Osborne,
Newnham, &c. The Countess de Priseche, who, with her
husband the Count, had, after the French Revolution, been
guests of G. L. Newnham, Esq., was buried in this church in
1793, and her coronet was suspended over her grave.
[S. A. C. Parish register, iv, 275. Domesday mill, v, 271. Saddles
combe, Knights-Templars of, ix, 227. Byne family, xii, 111. Roman road,
xiv, 178. Church bell, xvi, 219. Washbrook stream, xvi, 252.]

NINFIELD.
A parish in the Hundred of its own name ; Rape of Hastings ; distant
ten miles north-west from Hastings. Post-town, Battle. Railway
station, Battle, distant about five miles. Union, Hailsham. Popu
lation in 1811, 505 ; in 1861, 587. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at
i!451 ; Patrons, Dean and Chapter of Canterbury; Incumbent, Rev.
George Rainier, B.A., of Brasenose College, Oxford. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1663. Acreage, 2,554.
This parish is seated on an eminence, and commands an
interesting view, including Battle Abbey, part of Hastings,
Ashburnham, Crowhurst Park, part of the range of the South
Downs, and, in the distance, Pevensey bay and Eastbourne. The
highest elevation in the parish is Standard Hill, on which stands
an old house with gables, and an inscription in raised letters on
the front, as follows : —
" God's providence is my inheritance. Except the Lord build the
house, they labour in vain that build it. Here we have (1 659) no abidence."
" The origin of this inscription is supposed to be, that a former pro
prietor was displeased with his heir, and determined to disinherit him,

62 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
but the heir unexpectedly recovering possession of his inheritance, inscribed
these words on his dwelling for a memorial." (Hastings Past and Present.)
In a subsidy roll of 1327 for the parish occurs the name of
Stephen atte Standard.
The Domesday account of this place is by no means clear, and
it is impossible to ascertain whether it or the adjacent vill of
Netherfield is intended. The manor belonged to the Earls of
Eu, during the ascendancy of that family in the Rape ; but after
their forfeiture it passed to the family of Hastings. In 1295
the families of Cherche and Brun appear as the principal land
owners. The church (St. Mary) comprises chancel and nave, and a
large wooden bell-turret over the west end of the latter. It
contains only one bell, dedicated to St. Martin, with an Old
English inscription. The architecture is partly Early English
and partly Decorated. There is little of interest in the church.
There are memorials to the names of Luxford of Moorhall, in
this parish, Dunk, Bowyer, Clark, and Fuller. At the south
east corner of the church-yard is a grand old yew tree.
The parish register contains the following rather curious entry : "Anno
Domini, 1669, June 23, was buried Joseph Tysehurst, a boy (son of the
late William Tysehurst) who on Witsunday morning fell from climbing
a magpy's nest, and was smothered in a pond of mud, his heels sticking
upright." More-hall was for several generations the estate of a branch
of the ancient family of Wenham of Wenham Hall, in Suffolk,
who continued to hold it down to the latter half of the seven
teenth century.
[S. A. C. Chapel of, xiii, 135, 144. Weekes of, xiv, 116. Asten stream,
xv, 156. Bell, xvi, 219- Lands to Battle Abbey, xvii, 43. Notes of and
its registers {Sharpe's MSS.), xvii, 57. Families of Brown, Milward, and
Ingram, xvii, 58, 59. Inundation, xvii, 59. Estons of, xvii, 130.]

NORTHEYE (See with HIDNEY).

NORTHIAM.
Vulgo, Norgem ; a parish in the Hundred of Staple, bounded on the north
by the river Rother, which separates it from Kent ; Rape of Hast
ings ; distant eight miles north-west from Rye ; Post-town, Staple-
hurst. Union, Rye. Population in 1811, 1,114 ; in 1861, 1,260.

NORTHIAM. 63
Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £800. The patronage has long been
in the family of Lord ; Incumbent, Rev. John Octavius Lord, M.A.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1558. Acreage, 3,486. Seat,
Brickwall, Thomas Frewen, Esq.
" 0 rare Norgem 1 thou dost far exceed
Beckley, Peaamarsh, Udimore, and Brede."
This ancient distich has relation to the superior importance
of this parish to some of its neighbours. Without detracting
from the merits of the other four, we may certainly accord high
praise to this, for its truly rural and delightful aspect, with its
pleasing admixture of arable, pasture, meadows, woods, and
hop-gardens. In Domesday the manor is called simply Hiham,
the prefix North having probably been applied in order to dis
tinguish it from the neighbouring places called Higham, in
Salehurst, and Petit Higham, the site of New Winchelsea. The
manor belonged, in Saxon times, to Earl Godwin, and after
wards to the Earl of Eu in person. It contained two hides,
and was valued at £6. " It had been devastated" — probably by
an overflow of the Rother, which is its northern boundary. In
24th Edward III. William Fiennes was lord, and in 9th Edward
IV. Richard F., Lord Dacre, held it with Ewhurst, late the posses
sions of John Brenchley and Thomas Ashburnham, and before
of Henry Sharnden and Richard Codyng, by the service of 1^
knight's fee. The next recorded holder of the manor is Nicholas
Tufton, who died in 1539, and by his will directed his body to
be buried in the church of Northiam, before the altar of St.
Nicholas, with a tombstone, and his picture, and a writing
thereon. The direction was obeyed, but the brass has been torn
off in modern times, though it is engraved in Grose, vol. i.
His son, John Tufton, succeeded him in the manor. The manor
of Tufton, or Toketon, gave name to the important family of
De Toketon, who resided in Northiam for several centuries, and
became ancestors ofthe Tuftons, Earls of Thanet. Their abode,
called Tufton Place, is now represented by a farm-house. Among
the Brickwall evidences is a deed executed at Northiam in
1362, to which Simon de Toketon was a witness. About the
end of the last century the then Lord Thanet sold it to the
late Edward Jeremiah Curteis, Esq., whose grandson, Herbert
Mascall Curteis, Esq., sold it, a few years since, to Lord Harry
Vane, now Duke of Cleveland. The family of Tufton ceased to
be resident here from the sixteenth century, when they removed
to Hothfield, in Kent. Dixter, another manor, which has long
been in the Springett family, gave name to the De Dixternes at
an early date. Adam and William De Dixterne are mentioned
in a deed of 1296, and John Dykesterne was vicar of Rye in

64 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
1306.* The manor seems to have passed to the widely-spread
Sussex family of Tregoz, for in 1330 the King granted to Thomas
Tregoz license to fortify his manse here with a wall of stone and
lime, and to cren elate the same. To this family it would appear
that that of Elrington succeeded, as in 1479 John Elryngton,
Knight, obtained a similar license for Dixtherne and Udey-
mere. This Sir John Elryngton was Keeper of the Wardrobe to
Edward IV., Treasurer of the Household to Edward V., and
Constable of Windsor Castle. He married Margaret, daughter
and co-heiress of Thomas Echingham. Some remains of the
ancient manor-house exist. It was a timber-framed edifice;
one half only is now standing. The architectural details are
strictly medieval, and the hall contains some rudely carved ar
morials on the trusses which support the roof, but they have
not been critically examined. An antique house hard by bears
the date of 1583, and another at Hole farm has some curious
details. Well-house, on the Frewen estate, is another timbered
building of considerable antiquity, with a hall open to the roof.
A picturesque farm-house, called Carriers, on the Brickwall
estate, is also ancient, and is, according to tradition, the birth
place of Archbishop Frewen (See post). On the village-green,
near the church-yard, is a hollow tree, 24 feet in circumference,
called Queen Elizabeth's Oak, from the circumstance that on
August 11, 1573, the maiden queen, en route from Mr. Guldeford's,
at Hempstead, to the town of Rye, dined under this tree, the
viands being furnished by Mr. George Bishopp, who dwelt
opposite the oak in the antique timbered house still existing,
which was the abode of his family for many generations. During
the repast her Majesty changed her shoes, and the pair she
took off, having been begged from her attendants, are still
preserved at Brickwall. The tradition of the Queen's having
dined at Northiam is fully confirmed by the book of the
Comptroller of Her Majesty's household of the date, which also
states that she again dined at Northiam on her return journey
on the 14th August following.
Brickwall House ranks amongst the most interesting mansions
of East Sussex. It was originally the residence of the Whites,
a family long connected with Rye and Winchelsea. John White
purchased the estate in 1492. Towards the end of Elizabeth,
William White succeeded, and married Mary, sister of Sir
Thomas Sackville, K.B., of Sedlescombe. He put a new three-
gabled front to the mansion. At his death the property was
sold for the benefit of three daughters and co-heiresses. The
purchaser (in 1666) was Stephen Frewen, Alderman of London.
* The family of Deleter still exists in East Sussex.

NORTHIAM. 65
The family of Frewen, doubtless of Saxon origin, were long
established in Worcestershire. Richard Frewen, of Earl's
Croome in that county, purchased the advowson of Northiam,
and presented his son John to the living in 1583. John Frewen
was a learned and pious Puritan divine of high standing, and
author of several theological works. He continued Rector here
till his death in 1628. He was father of Accepted Frewen, the
well-known Archbishop of York; Thankful, Secretary to Lord-
Keeper Coventry ; and Stephen, Alderman of London, who died
at Brickwall in 1679. His estates passed to his son, Thomas
Frewen, M.P. for Rye, from 1679 to 1699. Brickwall descended,
after the death of his widow, to Sir Edward Frewen, his son
by his first wife. About 1685, having travelled on the Continent,
he returned hither, and built the banqueting-room at Brickwall
in the Louis-Quatorze style, and employed French artists -to
execute the ceilings of this, and the grand staircase, at an outlay
of £800. The hall was intended for the entertainment of the
Corporation of Rye, of which borough the family held the
patronage. After Sir Edward's grandson's death, the mansion
was neglected by the family, who preferred living at their seats
in Yorkshire or Leicestershire; but the present owner, who
came to reside in 1830, restored it to nearly its former state.
There is a valuable collection of pictures, including works by C.
Jansen, Holbein, Lely, &c. Among the Frewen portraits are
John Frewen, the Puritan, by Mark Gerard, 1627, very quaint
and characteristic, Archbishop Frewen, Alderman Frewen,
Accepted Frewen, Archbishop of York, and numerous others by
eminent painters. The gardens are preserved in the old Dutch
taste. A fine avenue of oaks, said to have been planted from
acorns from the Queen's Oak, is now represented by a single
fine tree. The north front is a good specimen of the timbered
house, but the other three sides were cased with brick by Sir
Edward Frewen.
The church (of which Hussey gives a view) forms a striking
pile. The old portions consist of nave with aisles, and square
battlemented tower, more than half of which is Norman, with
small stone spire, unique in this district. There are traces of
Early English, Decorated and Perpendicular in the building.
The old chancel, which contained three sedilia and a piscina,
was removed to make way for a larger one in 1837, 8, and an
addition was also made on the north side. In 1846, Thomas
Frewen, Esq., erected a handsome Mausoleum * over the vaults
containing the remains of his ancestors. It is in the Tudor
style, from designs by Smirke. On each wall are nine shields,
* By a special " faculty" this Mausoleum is exempt from all ecclesiastical jurisdiction.
VOL. II. F

66 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
with impalements and quarterings, shewing the Frewen alli
ances. The armorial window and the roof decorations are by
Willement, and the carvings both in wood and stone were
wrought by a self-taught artist of Rye. The Frewen monu
ments, formerly in the chancel, were removed into this mauso
leum, and soon after its erection a beautiful memorial, with a
bust by Behnes, was erected for Anne, wife of Thomas Frewen,
Esq., who died in 1844. The other memorials in the church
are principally to the memory of members of the Frewen
family, four of whom were rectors here. The only brass
now remaining (see that of Nicholas Tufton, ante) is a
priest in canonicals, Houett $3eufctttl, " sumtyme person of this
churche," 1518. In the church-yard there is a yew-tree,
probably older than any part of the church. The " Church-
house," near the building, is supposed to be of the date of Henry
VIIL, and is in the form of the letter H. Here lived and died
the Puritan, John Frewen, who had purchased it in 1592, and
several of his successors, previously to their removal to Brick
wall. For memoirs of John Frewen, and several members of
his remarkable family, see " Worthies of Sussex."
Considering the numerous points of interest which this parish
possesses, we may well repeat the apostrophe —
0, rare Norgem !
[S. A. C. Frewens, iv, 24. xiv, xii, xvi, 302. Visit of Queen Elizabeth,
v, 190. Tradesmen's Tokens, x, 208. Weekes of, xi, 82. Dixter or Dix-
thern, xiii, 112, 117, 270. Tregoz of, xiii, 112. Horner in, xiii, 140.
Tufton family, xiii, 140. xiv, 100. xx, 65. White family, xvi, 43. Church
bells, xvi, 219. Brickwall, xvi, 302. xix, 166. Iron-works, xviii, 15.
Cade's insurrection, xviii, 27. London-road, xix, 166. Springett of, xx, 46.]

NORTH-CHAPEL.

A parish in the Hundred of Rotherbridge ; Rape of Arundel ; distant
five miles from Petworth, its Post-town and Railway station. Union,
Midhurst. Population in 1811, 634; in 1861, 785; Benefice, a
Rectory, valued at £284 ; Patron, Lord Leconfield ; Incumbent,
Rev. Robert Witherby, M.A., of St. John's College, Cambridge.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1716. Acreage, 3,854. Chief
Landowners, Lord Leconfield, and George Baker, Esq.
North-Chapnl was dismembered from Petworth by Act of
Parliament, in 1693. The village is on the old road from Lon
don to Petworth, and, as its name implies, it was formerly a
chapelry only of Petworth, whence -its name.
The manor was originally a portion of the Honour of Pet
worth. The land belongs, principally, to Lord Leconfield.

NUTBOURNE. NUTHURST. 67
The church stands on an elevation, and is dedicated, accord
ing to Mr. Gibbon, to St. John Baptist, though others say to
St. Michael. The building formerly had a nave or pace only,
with a tower at the west end with a shingled covering, and the
whole structure is described by Dallaway, as of " coarse ancient
architecture," but additions have been subsequently made. The
Rev. Colin Milne, LL.D., held the rectory in the last century.
He was author of a Botanical Dictionary published in 1770, and
other works. There are three bells of modern date. Ironworks
formerly existed here.
[S. A. C. Ironworks, ii, 215. iii,245. xviii, 16. Bells, xvi, 205. River
Arun, xvi, 256, London road to Chichester, xix, 167.]

NUTBOURNE (See Pulborough).

NUTHURST.

A parish in the Hundred of Singlecross ; Rape of Bramber ; distant
four miles south from Horsham station ; Post-town and Union, Hor
sham. Population in 1811, 539 ; in 1861, 767. Benefice, a Rectory,
valued at £480 ; Patron, the Bishop of London ; Incumbent, Rev.
John Ommaney McCarogher, M.A., of Magdalen College, Oxford.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1562. Acreage, 3,260. Chief Land
owners, J. T. Nelthorpe, Esq., Walter Burrell, Esq., and Major John
Aldridge. Seats, Nuthurst Lodge, J. Tuder Nelthorpe, Esq.; Swallow-
field, S. H. Bigg, Esq.
This parish, which lies to the west of St. Leonard's Forest,
is picturesque and well-wooded. Mr. Nelthorpe's residence,
Nuthurst Lodge, commands a very extensive view over the
Weald, reaching to the South Downs ; and the sea is occasionally
visible. Highurst, containing about 100 acres, is part of this
parish, though it is insulated within the neighbouring parish of
Cowfold. The manors of Shortsfield and Nutham extend over
the greater part of the parish.
The patronage of the church formerly belonged to the abbey
of Fecamp in Normandy. About the year 1230, a dispute arose
between the Bishop of Chichester and the monastery of Fecamp,
respecting the jurisdiction of the former over the canons and
clerks of Steyning, and an award was made that Steyning should
be free from the ordinary jurisdiction of the Bishop ; but in
order that the church of Chichester might not suffer detriment,
all rights of advowson, &c, which had belonged to Fecamp
abbey in Notehurst, Bury, and Slynfold, should be handed over
to the bishop and his successors.
f 2

68 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
The church (St. Andrew), consists of tower, nave, and chan
cel, the last of which has in its windows some remains of ancient
painted glass. The style is Decorated, and the tower is de
scribed by Cartwright as a low one, " at the west end of the
building, formed of large blocks of timber like the tower at
Itchingfield." It has a shingled spire. The porch is interesting
for its ornamented spandrels. There are three bells. The
building has memorials for the names of Nelthorpe, Tuder,
Aldridge, &c. A brass was discovered about the year 1856. It
consisted of a plate embedded in Sussex marble, and there were in
dents of a chalice and paten. It commemorates Ci)0UtaS JptZXl^t,
rector of the church, who died 1486.
George Edgeley, rector of this church, was made D.D. in
1643. , He is described in the Chancellor's letter as a prebendary
of Chichester and rector of Nuthurst, a Senior of the University
of Cambridge, a grave and orthodox divine — a "person that
hath expressed his loyalty by his active services and passive
sufferings for the defence of his Majesty's person, religion, and
laws." (See Walker's " Sufferings of the Clergy.")
[S. A. C. Brass in church, ix, 370. Church, xii, 108. Patching of,
xvi, 49. Sedgwick Lodge, xvi, 70. George Foxe and the Sussex Quakers,
xvi, 70, 71. Church bells, xvi, 219. Milleof, xvii, 112. Alewyne of, xvii,
254. Jack Cade's adherents here, xviii, 23, 38. Pierce of, xix, 95.]

NUTLEY.
A pleasant hamlet of the parish of Maresfield, three miles
north of the parish church. It is a small village and ecclesias
tical district. A small church (St. James), in the Early English
style, was built in 1848, and consists of a chancel and nave,
with bell-turret. The living is a Perpetual curacy, value £125,
in the gift of the Rector of Maresfield. Incumbent the Rev.
William Albert Smallpiece, M.A. The name is derived from
the Anglo-Saxon hnut, a nut, and leag, indicating a part of the
forest of Ashdown comparatively open, but abounding with hazel.
When the forest possessed a hunting-seat, under the earlier Ed
wards and John of Gaunt, Nutley appears to have been a small
vill, then called Notley or Notlye. It possessed a chapel known as
the free chapel of Maresfield or Notley. The great Reformer
Wycliffe is said to have performed divine offices here, when under
the patronage of John of Gaunt. Before 1541 the chapel was
disused. The site was about half a mile west of the present
village, near a wood still called chapel wood. The font was res
cued, by the Rev. E. Turner, from a cow-yard, and is in his
possession. [S. A. C. For references, see under Maresfield.']

OFFHAM. ORE. 69
OFFHAM.
A considerable hamlet of Hamsey, about two miles from
Lewes, on the ancient Ermin Street and the old London road.
A great portion of the population of the parish reside
here ; and by the beneficence of the late Sir Henry Shiffner,
Bart, of Coombe, and other members of his family, a
church (St. Peter) was erected, to replace the old edifice,
which is rather remote and inconvenient of access. It is
built in a style somewhat French, and consists of a nave,
tower, with shingled spire, eastward, and an apsidal chancel
beyond. It is beautifully situated on a rising ground, and
forms from every point of view an elegant adjunct to the
landscape. This hamlet is popularly supposed to derive its
name from its being an " off," or outlying place ; but the old
orthographies, Wougham, Woffam, Okeham, &c, do not support
that etymology. Offham chalk-pits afford a good study for the
geologist ; and. it is worth recording that the first railway con
structed in Sussex connects these pits with a branch of the
river Ouse for the conveyance of chalk and lime. It is a very
steep incline, and was planned about the beginning of this cen
tury by Mr. Cater Rand, a schoolmaster of Lewes.

OFFHAM.
A hamlet of South Stoke near Arundel.

ORE.
A parish in the Hundred of Baldslow ; Rape of Hastings ; distant nearly
two miles north from Hastings, its Post-town and Railway station.
Union, Hastings. Population in 1811, 331 ; in 1861, 1,636. Bene
fice, a Rectory, valued at £575 ; Incumbent, Rev. William Twiss
Turner, M.A. , of Trinity College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish
Register, 1558. Acreage, 2,150. Seats, Ore Place, Thomas Spalding,
Esq. ; Coghurst, C. Hay Frewen, Esq., M.P. ; Woodlands, Thomas
Frewen, Esq. ; and many elegant villa residences.
This parish, which may now be considered a fashionable
suburb of Hastings, is remarkable for its bold undulations, steep
roads, commanding scenery — overlooking the town and the Eng
lish Channel — and a charming mixture of woodland and pasture.
In the reign of Henry ML, the manor was possessed by a family
of the same name, and at a later period Richard Halle, or Hawley,
originally of Halland, in East Hothly, married the heiress,
Anne, daughter of John Ore. Their descendants possessed it

70 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
for about six generations, when it passed to the family of Crispe.
From 1686 to 1768 it belonged to the Carylls ; afterwards, suc
cessively, to General Murray, the hero of Quebec, to W. Lucas
Shadwell (1821), and to Sir Howard Elphinstone, Bart. The
mansion of Ore Place is modern. There seems no reasonable
ground for the tradition that it stands on the site of a house
built by John of Gaunt, which afterwards became a monastic
establishment. Indeed -the continuous occupation, by the Ores
and Hawleys, from the 13th to the 17th century, almost pre
cludes the possibility of such erection and subsequent use.
Coghurst Hall is a commodious mansion in a fine well-wooded
park, the seat of Charles Hay Frewen, Esq., M.P. It belonged, in
1712, to the family of Fletcher, whose heiress conveyed it in
marriage to the Dynes of Westfield. Mary Fletcher Dyne, their
heiress, married in the 18th century Musgrave Brisco, Esq., of
Wakefield and Ripon, and so carried this, and other good lands,
to that family. The Hastings union-house and public cemetery
are both in this parish.
The church (St. Helen) is an unpretending edifice of nave,
chancel, south aisle, added in 1821, and low square tower. In
the nave are, or lately were, several gravestones, including a
fitagg for a man and his wife (arms and inscription removed), the
indent of another brass (probably of the Ore or Hawley family),
and two inscriptions for the Crispe family, with their arms.
There are also monuments for General Murray (1794) and his
relatives, and for members of the Whitears, Cowells, Norths, and
others. For the use of the parishioners living on the borders of
Fairiight, a handsome church, called Christ Church, was erected
in 1859.
[S. A. C. Relfe of, xiv, 85. Crispe of, xvi, 47. Bell, xvi, 219. Tithes
to Battle Abbey, xvii, 55. Encaustic tiles, xviii, 66. Sir Richard de Ore,
Knight, xix, 53. Worked flints, xix, 53 {Smart). Hays of, xx, 65.]

OTHAM ABBEY.

This ancient monastic establishment was founded in the
parish of Hailsham for monks of the Premonstratensian order,
by Ralph de Dene, a member of a Norman family resident at
West Dean orientalis, in the latter half of the 12th century.
From the charter of foundation, it appears that a chapel had
previously existed here, and had been served by certain monks
of the order. The abbey of Otteham or Hotteham was dedi
cated to St. Laurence, and was endowed with lands and tene
ments in Sussex. Among the subsequent benefactors to the
house were the families of De Aquila, De Brode (of the ' Broad '

OVING. 71
in Hellingly), De Herst, De la Water, De St. Leger, &c. The
place chosen for the monastery was an unfortunate one —
the soil was damp and unproductive ; wherefore the brethren
("propter magnas et intolerabiles inedias loci de Otteham") be
sought Ela de Sackville, the founder's daughter, to translate
them to a more salubrious spot, which was done, and Bayham
was the place fixed on. (See Bayham.) Previously one of the
De Brodes had invited the monks to settle at his church of Hel
lingly, of which Hailsham was then a chapel. From the time
of the transfer to Bayham, Otteham remained as a grange, with
its chapel and a ministering brother or two, with a lamp burn
ing night and day before St. Laurence's altar. Mention is
made of an image of that saint in gold, silver, and wax, and
tithes were payable from many lands for the sustentation of the
chapel. A paper by the Rev. G. Miles Cooper, in Vol. v. of
the "Sussex Collections," gives many interesting particulars
of the benefactors to the establishment, and the presumed sites
of its possessions.
Very little remains to attest the existence of Otteham Abbey,
except the ancient and much dilapidated chapel, which has
features of the 13th century, and still possesses a battered sedile
and piscina. It is adjacent to Otham farm-house, and used as a
stable. What a falling off from St. Laurence in silver, gold,
and wax, to a home for cart-horses !
This district of Hailsham is called Otham Quarter.

OVING.
Vulgo, Ooving; a parish in the Hundred of Box and Stockbridge; Rape
of Chichester ; distant three miles east from Chichester, its Post-
town. Railway station, Drayton. Union, West Hampnett. Popu
lation in 1811, 476 ; in 1861, 949. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at
£350 ; Patron, the Bishop of Chichester ; Incumbent, Rev. Alex.
Peters Birrell, M. A., of Sidney-Sussex College, Cambridge. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1561. Acreage, 2,946. Chief Landowners,
Rev. George Henry Woods, of Shopwyke, and Lord Leconfield.
This parish is very flat and fertile, being chiefly good
arable land. Shopwyke House, the residence of the Rev. G. H.
Woods, is one of the most elegant mansions in West Sussex.
Shopwyke, though not strictly a tything or hamlet, is a very
interesting place. The manor is presumed to have been a part
of the manor of Aldingbourne, which belonged to the see of
Selsey, and a prebend was here formed for Chichester Cathedral.
The manor-house and the corpus of the prebend belong to the
Precentor of Chichester. The Prebendal-house was formerly

72 HISTORY OF SUSSEX
the residence of the old family of Elson, who possessed consider
able property in this district. Shopwyke, or Shopwyke-Eagle,
is an ancient manor in this parish, and Colworth and Woodhorne
are prebendal manors. Groves and Drayton formerly be
longed to the Priory of Boxgrove. After the Dissolution,
Drayton came into the possession of the Chatfields of Ditchhng
and Treyford. The Chatfields were succeeded by the Elsons
before mentioned.
The church appears to have been originally Early English,
but there are insertions of a much later date, and transepts
have been added. There are inscriptions to the names of
Woodyer, Elson, Walter, Teness, and Green.*
The Rev. Thomas Agar Holland, formerly vicar of Oving,
having in his mind the name of his parish and that of Shopwyke,
which is reasonably derived from the Anglo-Saxon sceap andjwe,
" the village of sheep," wrote the following elegant epigram : —
In Oviniam.
" Pasce meas pecudas, ter, Petro dixit Iesus,
Quo velut in scopulo, condidit Ipse Domum :
Sic mihi, (num sperem ?) praabetur Ovinia curas,
In ccelos, agni, quin ut agantur oves."
" T. A. H., minister of Oving, 1828."
[S. A. C. Church, xii, 75. Groves belonged to Boxgrove Priory, xv,
119. Bells, xvi, 219.]
OVINGDEAN.
Domesday, Hovingedene ; a parish in the Hundred of Younsmere ; Rape
of Lewes ; distant three miles from Brighton, its Post-town and Rail
way station. Union, Newhaven. Population in 1811, 75 ; in 1861,
121. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £335; Incumbent, Rev. Alfred
Stead, M.A., of Caius College, Cambridge, who is also Patron. Date
of earliest Parish Register, 1700. Acreage, 1,618. Chief Land
owner, Representatives of the late Charles Beard, Esq. Seat, Oving-
dean House, E. Macnaughton, Esq.
This parish lies wholly on the South Downs, and the village
is a secluded spot. Alnod held the manor of the Confessor, as
allodial tenant ; after the Conquest, Godfrey held it of De
Warenne. The Lady Eddeva also held three hides of Edward.
The Domesday account is particularly circumstantial. There
were a small church and four dependents. Walter de Pierpoint
appears to have been the lord temp. Henry VI., and George
Goring temp. Edward VI. About the end of the sixteenth cen-
* Mrs. Susannah Green gave £2,000 for the support of three poor widows. This
charitable lady's monument is placed in the north transept.

PAGHAM. 73
tury the manor belonged to the family of Geere, from whom it
descended to Elizabeth Newton, wife of the late W. C. Mabbott,
Esq., of Southover. The manor house, now much modernized,
was occupied in 1651 by Mr. Maunsell, and an unfounded tradi
tion asserts that Charles II., after his flight from the battle
of Worcester, took shelter here while awaiting the means of
escape to France. This presumed incident is the conspicuous
feature of Mr. Harrison Ainsworth's pleasant novel called
" Ovingdean Grange." The Rev. Mr. Morgan, in a letter ad
dressed to Sir William Burrell, in 1 780, describes the village as
consisting of one farm-house, three cottages, and a mean,
thatched parsonage-house. He adds, that " when the Geeres
lived at Ovingdean farm, Charles II. lay concealed here till he
had an opportunity of embarking at Brighton for France. His
appearance had such an effect upon the good woman of the house
that her next child (a very fine boy) was said to be the picture
of the King!" (Burrell MS., 5684.) How this myth of the" mut
ton-eating king" having visited Ovingdean arose, it is impossible
to say, for he certainly came no nearer the village than Brighton,
nearly three miles distant. There would appear, however, to
be some slight association of the Geere family with the King's
escape, as their descendants possessed, a few years since, some
relics, which were always understood to have been presented
by the King. Ovingdean House was formerly the seat of the
Kemp family.
The church has chancel, nave, and west tower, with features
of the Norman, Early English, and Decorated styles. (Hussey.)
Some more recent authorities consider a few of the features un
questionably of Saxon date. Mr. Gordon M. Hills speaks of it
as an " almost perfect Saxon church." (Journal of the British
Archaeological Association, 1867, p. 8.) There are memorials
for the names of Cooper of Lewes, Lane, Kemp, Marshall, Pal-
liser, &c.
[S. A. C. Pierpoint, xi, 55. Goring, xi, 66. Quaint account of Oving
dean, xiii, 307. Bell, xvi, 219.]

PAGHAM.
A parish in the Hundred of Aldwick ; Rape of Chichester; distant four
miles south-west from Bognor ; Post- town, Chichester ; Union, West
Hampnett. Population in 1811, 847 ; in 1861, 988. Benefice, a
Vicarage, valued at £300 ; Patron, Archbishop of Canterbury ; In
cumbent, Rev. Ralph Barker, B.A., of St. Peter's College, Cam
bridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1707. Acreage, 4,376.
This sea-coast parish is very fertile, and produces abundance

74 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
of wheat. Its village proper is close to the little inlet of the
Channel called Pagham Harbour, an estuary said to have been
formed by a sudden irruption of the sea about the beginning of
the fourteenth century, which, according to the Nonee Roll, de
vastated 2,700 acres of land. Only small craft can enter this
little port. Pagham Creek is a famous resort for wild fowl,
several of great rarity, and in severe winters, as Mr. A. E. Knox
informs us, flocks of wild swans are always to be seen and heard
here. The manor was granted by Ceadwalla, King of the South
Saxons, to St. Wilfred, and continued, with the advowson, in
episcopal possession through many centuries. It was a very
important estate, and was held, both before and after the Con
quest, by the Archbishops of Canterbury, who made it their
occasional residence, and constituted it a Deanery, including all
the " Peculiars" in West Sussex. In the reign of the Confessor
the manor was rated at 50 hides, and afterwards at 34. A
curious custom existed as to pig breeding. For herbage every
seventh pig was payable to the lord, and the Record adds " that
this custom was established throughout the whole county of
Sussex," but I have not found an instance of it anywhere else.
A mill, perhaps on the site of what is now the large tide-mill at
Sidlesham, is mentioned, as also a church, together with another
church at Chichester, which must be that of All Saints in the
Pallant in that city, still in the gift of the Archbishop. The
parish is subdivided into five tythings — Nytimber-with-Pagham,
Crimsham, South Mundham, Aldwicke, and Seven-households.
Aldwicke was a valuable possession, and gave name to the sur
rounding hundred. In this hamlet a miniature watering-place
has sprung up. It contains several excellent residences, parti
cularly Aldwick House, the property of B. Bond Cabbell, Esq.,
F.S.A. A small chapel-of-ease was built here a few years since
by the Rev. Edward Houghton Johnson, M.A.
The parish church (said to be St. Thomas a Becket) is good
Early English, though much injured by modern repairs. It was
probably built by an archbishop soon after Thomas's canoniza
tion. It had an altar of St. Nycolas, and three brotherhoods
of St. Andrew, St. Matthew, and the Holyrood. It consists of
chancel, nave, with aisles, a transept, and tower, with a low,
shingled spire. There are five bells. At the east end of the
north aisle was a chantry, founded in 1383 by John Bowrere (the
modern Borrer) and Alice, his wife. Richard Hede, the last
incumbent, received a pension of £5. In Pope Nicholas' taxa
tion, 1291, the church of Pagham " cum capella" is mentioned.
This chapel was dedicated to St. Andrew, and some remains of
it are mentioned by Dallaway as existing in his time. On a
slab in the chancel ofthe church there are remains of a Lombardic

PARHAM. 75
inscription for SgWOtt. . . . " Templi Rector fuit hujus."
The relics of the body of this ancient priest, in his canonicals,
in a stone coffin, were brought to light some years ago on the
removal of the slab. There are other memorials for the names
of Barfoote, Darling, Pechell (of the baronet's family), Peachey,
and Godman, and one for Edmunde Darell, Esquior, " Clerke of
the Caterie" to Queen Elizabeth, 1579. The Darells were a
branch of the Calehill and Scotney family, and were of Bowley,
or Boley, in this parish. Remains of the archiepiscopal palace
are visible to the south-east of the church.
Dixon gives many interesting particulars as to the geology of
this and the adjacent parishes. Messrs. Dixon, C. Roach Smith,
and other numismatical writers have printed notices of the
British and Roman coins found on this part of the Sussex coast.
[S. A. C. Coins, Roman and British, i, 29. v, 206. Domesday mill, v,
271. Visit of King John, i, 134. Bowrers of, xi, 80. Atte-Mores of
Chilvercroft, xii, 37. Church, xii, 75. Humphrey the Hermit, xii, 134.
Queen Elizabeth patroness of living, xiii, 48. Merchant guild, xv, 176.
Bells, xvi, 219 Harbour, xvi, 260. Landing of the Saxons, xviii, 182.
Slindon, xix, 126.]

PARHAM.
Domesday, Perham ; a parish in the Hundred of West Easewrith ; Rape
of Arundel ; distant five miles south-west from Pulborough station,
ten miles south-east from Petworth, and six north-east from Arundel.
Post-town, Hurst- Pierpoint. Union, Thakeham. Population in 1811,
58 ; in 1861, 71. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £100, in the gift of
Lord de la Zouch ; Incumbent, Rev. James Beck, M.A., of Corpus
Christi College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1538.
Acreage, 1,264.
This is a small parish in form approaching to a square, and
consists of arable, pasture, wood, and down, in nearly equal
portions. The soils vary from sand to chalk and marl. There
is no proper village, and the only house of importance is the
noble mansion of Lord de la Zouch, shortly to be described. The
manor of Perham was held before the Conquest by Tovi, a free
man, and afterwards of Earl Roger de Montgomeri by Robert I.,
was rated at three hides, and had two villeins, a cottar, and a
mill. The value was £3 per annum. Early in the reign of
Edward III. it had passed to the influential family of Tregoz,
who had inherited from that of St. John. In 1399 Edward
Tregoz was lord. It afterwards appears to have vested in the
Crown. In 1 550 Robert Palmer, third son of Thomas Palmer,
of Angmering, was seised of it, and his son Sir Thomas Palmer

76 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
completed the present manor-house, and enclosed a park. Sir
Thomas Palmer, his grandson, sold the estate to Sir Thomas
Bisshopp, of Henfield, in 1597, who was created a baronet in
1620. Sir Cecil Bisshopp, the eighth who held that title, was
summoned to Parliament by writ in 1815, as Baron Zouche of
Haryngworth, which title had been in abeyance since 1625.
This ancient barony by writ dates from 2nd Edward II., 1308.
Parham came by the marriage of Harriet-Anne, daughter of Sir
Cecil Bisshopp, to the Honourable Robert Curzon, third son of
Ashton Viscount Curzon. Their son, the present Lord de la
Zouche, on the death of his mother in 1870, succeeded to the
title and estates.
The Abbey of St. Peter of Westminster held lands in Parham
from the time of the Confessor, which were rated in his time at
seven hides, though in Domesday at only three. There were
eight villeins and five cottars. These lands, with the advowson
of the church, appear to have vested in the Abbey till the dis
solution. They now form a principal portion of the manorial
estate. Parham House was built early in the 16th century, on a very
grand scale, but has received subsequent additions. Like many
other mansions of the same character in the county, it lies at
the foot of the South Downs in a fine park full of picturesque
beauty, abounding with venerable oaks, and well stocked with
fallow deer, together with a famous heronry. There are several
noble apartments, particularly the hall, 51 feet by 26, and 24
in height, and the picture gallery, 158 feet long, which contains
numerous fine portraits of the builder of Parham House, of the
Bisshopp family and their connections, of Queen Elizabeth, and
of various officers of state and other noble and gentle person
ages. The dining and drawing-rooms, with other apartments,
also possess many excellent paintings. Parham is one grand
museum of ancient and modern art and literary rarities. Many
of the objects have been collected by the antiquarian skill and
industry of the present noble possessor, the author of " Monas
teries of the Levant," and other works. The library contains
about 100 writings on tablets of stone and wood ; Egyptian
papyri, a large number of ancient MSS., chiefly on vellum, some
being of the fourth century, and several in the Greek, Coptic,
and Syriac languages, written before the year 1000, some beauti
fully illuminated ; early printed books, including several Caxtons
and Wynkyn de Wordes, first printed editions of Homer and
Virgil, early Bibles, the five folio editions of Shakspeare, a copy
of the " World of Wonders," containing an autograph of the
great bard himself. Then there is a superb collection of ancient
gold and silver plate, enamels, and ivory carvings, most beautiful

PATCHAM. 77
to behold, and most precious to possess. A considerable number
of these objects are ecclesiastical. In the hall are the arms of
Queen Elizabeth, over the spot on which that illustrious lady is
said to have dined in 1592. This apartment is graced with
"armoires," containing an important collection of armour of
all countries and ages, of which the greater part, belonging
to the 15th century, was collected by the noble and accomplished
owner of Parham ("fortunate puer ") from the deserted church
of St. Irene at Constantinople. What adds to their interest is
the fact that these steel vestments once clad the gallant defenders
of the last of the imperial Paleologi against the Turks on the
fall of the Eastern Empire before Mahomet II. in 1452. Lord
de la Zouche drew up the particulars of his priceless purchase,
and his account of these articles and the other objects in the
hall, lies on the great table for the inspection of the privileged
visitor. Well did a living worthy remark of the grand collection
in this mansion : —
" In any house who can compare 'em,
Those precious things that lie at Par-ham ?"
The church (St. Peter 9) is a small building of nave and south
aisle, probably of early date, but much modernized, with the
addition of a tower in 1800, at the expense of the Bisshopp
family. It has a small spire and one bell. The font is of lead,
impressed with the arms of Andrew Pevereil, knight of the
shire in 1351, and inscribed ras. nazar. (Jesus of Nazareth.)
There are slabs in the chancel to the memory of some of the
Bisshopp family.
[S. A. C. Domesday watermill, v, 271. Visit of Queen Elizabeth, v,
197. Barrows at, ix, 116. Palmer at Agincourt, xv, 130. Bell, xvi, 220.
Bisshopp of, xvii, 82. xix, 107, 158. Chalk used in building Parham
House, xx, 187.]

PATCHAM, alias Pecham.
Domesday, Piceam ; a South Down parish, constituting the Hundred of
Dean ; Rape of Lewes ; distant three miles north from Brighton, its
Post-town and Railway station. Union, Steyning. Population in
1811, 331 ; in 1861, 638. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £110 ;
Patron, the Lord Chancellor ; Incumbent, Rev. John Allen, M.A.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1717. Acreage, 4,398. Chief
Landowners, the Earl of Abergavenny, Colonel Paine, Lady Ogle,
and — Tillstone, Esq. Seats, Patcham Place, Colonel Paine ; With-
dean Court, Lady Ogle ; Moulscombe, E. S. Tillstone, Esq. ; With-
dean Hall, H. C. Lacy, Esq. ; &c.
Patcham was, in Saxon times, an important manor, and
belonged to Earl Harold, who derived from it the very large

78 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
sum of one hundred pounds per annum. The tenantry consisted
of 143 villeins and 45 bondmen, having 82 ploughs. Connected
with the church there were 16 dependents, and there was pan
nage for 100 hogs. Twenty six houses in Lewes also appertained
to the manor. It afterwards formed part of the barony of
Lewes. At present the Earl of Abergavenny is lord, and Lady
Ogle, daughter and heiress of the late Thomas William Roe,
Esq., possesses the manors of Withdean Court and Withdean
Cayliffe. Withdean Court, recently partly rebuilt by Lady
Ogle, is traditionally one of the residences of Anne of Cleves,
who had a grant of the manor in 1541. Withdean, a considerable
hamlet, was written in the 16th century Wyghtdeane, and is
commonly pronounced Whiting. Moulscombe belonged, from
the 15th to the 19th century and, traditionally, from the time of
the Conquest, to the family of Webb. Patcham Place was one of
the seats of the Lords La Warr. A branch of the great family
of Shelley afterwards possessed it for several generations, until
their removal to Southover and Lewes. Subsequently the
baronet family of Stapley had it for two or three descents, and
Sir John Stapley sold it, with the impropriation, to John Lilly,
gentleman, whose nephew aliened it in 1719, to George, Lord
Abergavenny. In 1764, a good estate here was purchased by
John Paine, Esq., ancestor of the present owner. The house,
which is partly of the date of Queen Elizabeth, is situated on
the Downs, with beautiful adjuncts of wood and lawn.
In my " Worthies of Sussex," p. 285, I have adduced my
reasons for believing that John Peckham, Archbishop of Canter
bury, ob. 1294, was a native of this parish. A family of De
Pecham resided here, temp. Edward I. Another family of great
antiquity in Sussex, the Farncombes, derived their name from
the lands called Varncombe in this parish, in or before the
reign of Edward III.
The church (All Saints) consists of chancel, nave, and west
tower, with battlements. Hussey describes it as containing
features of Transition-Norman, Decorated, and Perpendicular
architecture. Besides more recent monuments, the church and
church-yard have memorials for Shelley, 1594; Stapley (17th
century), Paine, Farncombe, Roe, and Jones.
Hollingbury hill or " castle " is a castrametation in the south
east quarter of this parish. Armillse, celts, and other British
remains have been found near this spot. Let us hope that the
contemplated "ploughing up" of this ancient fort will not be
ignorantly persisted in.
[S. A. C. Colonel Anthony Stapley, v, 66. King Edward I. at, ii,
153. Smugglers, ix, 195. Church to Lewes Priory, xiii, 244. Stapley
family, ii, 117. xiii, 252. Bells, xvi, 220. Wellesbourne stream, and
rhymes, by Mr. J. Ellis, xvi, 247. Shelley family, xix, 175.]

79
PATCHING.
Domesday, Patchings ; a parish in the Hundred of its own name, which
is co-extensive with it; Rape of Arundel ; distant five miles north
west from Worthing ; Post-town, Arundel ; Railway station, Ang-
mering, distant about 2-|miles. Union, Sutton. Population in 1811,
183 ; in 1861, 275. Benefice, a Rectory (a peculiar of Canter
bury), valued at £218; Patron, the Archbishop of Canterbury ; In
cumbent, Rev. Edmund Tew, M.A., of Magdalen Hall, Oxford.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1598. Acreage, 1,748.
In 948 Patching was given, by Wlfric, to Christ Church,
Canterbury, and in Domesday it is included in the territory of
the Archbishop. According to that record, it was appropriated
to the monks for their clothing. Godfrey de Mealing was ten
ant in 1155. From temp. Edward I., to 1446, or later, it was
held by the knightly family of Le Waleys. From 33rd Henry
VIII. it was held by the Shelleys with Michelgrove, until
1800, when it was bought by Richard Walker, Esq., whose son,
R. W. Walker, sold it in 1828 to Bernard-Edward, Duke of
Norfolk. A church is mentioned in Domesday. It was dependent on
the mother-church of Tarring until 1282, when it was made a
separate Rectory. The existing building " is of larger dimen
sions than the generality of parish churches in this neighbour
hood, and the plan is rather uncommon. The nave had origin
ally an aisle on the north side, at the east end of which aisle
the tower, which about 1790 had a shingled spire, was placed;
the chancel had also an aisle or chapel attached to the north
side, which has been taken down. The west end of the nave
has been reduced in length." (Cartwright, 1830.) The building
was renovated about 1856 by Sir John Kirkland, then resident
here. Mr. Hussey considers the tower Transition-Norman . There
are memorials for Delany, Jordan, Symmons, Bushby, &c. The
villagers have a tradition that " some Archbishop" was buried
at Patching.
For an account of the plot concocted by William Shelley and
others in Patcham copse, 25th Elizabeth, in favour of Mary,
Queen of Scots, see "Worthies of Sussex," p. 130. In the
beechwoods of this parish the truffle {Lycoperdon tuber) is found.
A man named William Leech, from the West Indies, settled
here about the end ofthe last century, and with the aid of dogs
carried on the business of a truffle-hunter till his death.
[S. A. C. Bell, xvi, 220. Patching pond subsidiary to the Arun, xvi,
258. Butlers, xvii, 222. Fortescue, Lord ofthe Manor, xx, 59.]

80 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
PEASMARSH.
Vulgo, Peasmesk ; a parish in the Hundred of Goldspur ; Rape of Hast
ings ; distant three miles north-west from Rye, its Railway station.
Post-town, Staplehurst. Union, Rye. Population in 1811, 781; in
1861, 906. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £261 ; Patron, Sidney
Sussex College (through the gift of — Giles, Vicar of Peasmarsh,
who died 1569); Incumbent, Rev. William Richard Ick, B.D., of
that College. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1569. Acreage, 3,718.
Seats, Peasmarsh Place, H. Mascall Curteis, Esq.; Woodside, T.
Smith Pix, Esq.
It is a well-wooded parish, bounded on the north by the
Rother. It gave name to a family, of whom James, son and
heir of Sir John Pesemarsh, was party to a deed in 1482. ("Battle
Abbey Deeds," p. 124.) In 3rd Edward II. Stephen Burghersh
had free warren, and in 7th Henry IV. Elizabeth, wife of Nicho
las Vurrell, held the manor. In 3rd and 4th Philip and Mary
Anthony, Viscount Montague, sold to Robert Sheppard the glebe
of the parsonage or prebend of Pesemershe, and his descendants
were connected with the parish for several generations. In 1719
the manor continued in the heirs of Edward Sheppard, Esq. In
1743 the Mascalls were in possession, and so continued until
1821, when Caroline, co-heiress of Robert Mascall, Esq., con
veyed it by marriage to Herbert Barrett Curteis, Esq., father of
the present proprietor.
The church (St. Peter and St. Paul), which has lately been
restored, is principally in the Early English style, though the
chancel arch is Norman. It consists of chancel, nave, with
aisles, and tower with spire. " In the south wall are four small
arches, one of which is a piscina." There are tablets and inscrip
tions for the names of Mascall, Delves, Shephard, Parr, Smith,
Holt, Webber, Lettice, &c.
William Pattison, a poet of the last century, was the son of a
farmer in this parish. He was born in 1706, and studied partly
at Appleby school, co. Westmorland. He entered Sidney Sussex
College, Cambridge, but recklessly left the University and com
menced the career of a literary adventurer in London, where,
after a course of vice and misery, he died at the early age of 21.
His impure works, printed by the profligate Curll, are now seldom
heard of. (See " Worthies of Sussex," 172-175.)
[S. A. C. Weekes of, xi, 82. Pearson and Shepherd, xiii, 57. Church,
xiii, 137. Lands submerged by sea, xiii, 176. Morley manor in, xiv, 112.
Bells, xvi, 220. Richard Oxenbridge of Peasmarsh, Constable of Gold-
spur, in Cade's rising, xviii, 25, 39.]

PECULIARS. PENHURST. 81
PECULIARS of the ARCHBISHOP of CANTERBURY.
Ceadwalla, King of the South Saxons, who died in 688,
granted to the Archbishop of Canterbury various manors, ex
tending from Lewes into the Primate's own diocese, so that he
could travel from the archiepiscopal see to the county town of
Sussex without quitting his own territory. These manors are
circumstantially mentioned in Domesday. The Bishops of Chi
chester had no jurisdiction in the churches of these manors, and
as " Peculiars" of the see of Canterbury, and in the gift of the
successive Archbishops, the latter have, until within late years,
held their periodical Visitations. Recent legislation, however, has
thrown the benefices into the diocese of Chichester, though the
Archbishop still holds the patronage. These remarks apply
principally to the East Sussex Peculiars, but there are others
in the Archdeaconry of Chichester which have been placed
under the same ecclesiastical regulations. The Peculiars are
as follows : —
East Sussex (locally within the Archdeaconry of Lewes and
Deanery of South Mailing) — Mayfield, Buxted, with Uckfield
annexed, Isfield, Edburton, Stanmer, Framfield, Glynde, St.
Thomas-at-Chffe, Ringmer, and Wadhurst.
In West Sussex there are, in the Archdeaconry of Chichester
and in the Deanery of Pagham — Pagham church with its
chapel, Lavant, Tangmere, Slyndon, and All Saints, Chichester;
and, in the Deanery of Tarring — Tarring and Patcham.
In several of these places the Archbishops had mansiones, or
resting-places, specially Mayfield Palace, Tarble Down in Fram
field, Broyle in Ringmer, South Mailing, West Tarring, Pag
ham, and Slyndon. All these places were occasionally occupied
by the Primate in his periodical journeys and visitations.

PENHURST.
A parish in the Hundred of Netherfield; Rape of Hastings; distant four
miles north-west from Battle, its Post-town and Railway station.
Union, Battle. Population in 1811, 67 ; in 1861, 105. Benefice, a
Rectory, united with Ashburnham (which see). Date of earliest
Parish Register, 1692. Acreage, 1,462. Chief Landowner, the Earl
of Ashburnham.
An undulating and well- wooded parish, as its latter syllable
implies. In early times it gave name to the family of De
Penherst, who held under the lords of Bodiam so late as 9th
Edward IV. In 8th James I. the Michelbornes of Clayton, and
subsequently Joan Busbridge, widow, held it under the same in-
VOL. II. G

82 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
feudation, by the yearly rent of 24s. for every leap-year, and 18s.
for every other year ! The manor has long been added to the
Ashburnham estate.
The church is small, consisting of a nave, chancel, and low
square tower, in the " later style of English architecture."
(Horsfield.) There are some remains of antiquity which were
more perfect when the church was visited by Sir William Bur
rell. He mentions, among the painted glass in the east window,
figures, architectural designs, the arms of Pelham, and those of
Penhurst. (Sa. a mullet of 6 points, arg.) Some traces of the
rood-loft also existed, and upon the beam " Ecce Homo" between
the sentences (right) " Venite benedicti in regnum Patris mei,"
and (left) " Ite maledicti in ignem eternum." The four windows
ofthe nave had also quarries of painted glass. An iron slab in
the chancel commemorates Peter Gower, 1703. Towards the
end of the last century the Rev. Joseph Wise, an author of some
repute, held this benefice.
[S. A. C. Iron-works, ii, 215. Bell, xvi, 220. Lands belonging to Bat
tle Abbey, xvii, 33. Arms of Penhurst, vi, 76.]
PETT.
A parish in the Hundred of Guestling ; Rape of Hastings ; distant 4^
miles north-east from Hastings, its Post-town. Union, Hastings.
Population in 1811, 233; in 1861, 320. Benefice, a Rectory, valued
at £512; Patron, Henry Young, Esq. ; Incumbent, Rev. Frederick
Young, M.A., of Balliol College, Oxon. Date of earliest Parish
Register, 1675. Acreage, 2,350.
The manor of Pett, which lies chiefly in this parish and
Guestling, is said to be identical with the devastated manor of
Luet, mentioned in Domesday, but I think Fairlight has a better
claim to that designation. It belonged in 1368 to Henry Halle,
of Ore, from whose family it appears to have passed to the
Levetts. In 1574 John Fletcher died seised of the manor and
advowson. In the 18th century it belonged to the Medleys, and
passed as Buxted to the late Earl of Liverpool.
Part of the parish is flat, and known as Pett Level, but other
portions are undulating and agreeable. From one point the
coast of France is discernible in clear weather. The village is
pleasantly situated nearly midway between Winchelsea and
Hastings. Its seabord is defended (?) by eight Martello towers.
The church (St. Mary and St. Peter) was rebuilt in 1864, and
contains monuments for the Wynch family ; also one by West-
macott to Cordelia Sayer, 1 820, and a brass plate to George
Theobald, 1641, " He gave a bell freely to grace the new steeple

PETWORTH. 83

— Ring out his prayse therefore, ye good people." The military
canal extends from Cliff-end in this parish to Hythe, a distance
of 23 miles. The geological changes on this part of the coast
are shown by the remains of a submerged forest, visible on the
sands at low water during spring tides.
[S. A. C. Military canal, xv, 155. Church bell, xvi, 220. Crouche,
benefactor to church, xvii, 125. Piseing John, xix, 95.]

PETWORTH.
Domesday Peteorde ; vulgo, Pettuth ; a market-town and parish in the
Hundred of Rotherb ridge ; Rape of Arundel ; distant 14 miles north
east from Chichester. It is a Post-town, and has a railway station,
distant from the town 1 J miles. Union, Petworth. Population in
1811, 2,459 ; in 1861, 3,368. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £850.
It was formerly of very great extent, and included the now detached
chapelries of Duncton and Northchapel. Patron, Lord Leconfield ;
Incumbent, Rev. Charles Holland, M.A., of University College,
Oxon. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1559. Acreage, 5,982.
Chief Landowner, Lord Leconfield. Seats, Petworth House, Lord
Leconfield ; Hilliers, Colonel Willm. Barttelot, M.P. ; Newgrove, J.
H. Robinson, Esq., &c.
This fine old town is surpassed in interest by very few in
the county. Besides the notices of it in Dallaway, Horsfield,
&c, it has had its historians in Dr. Roger Turner, (S. A. C.)
xiv, and, more recently, in a monograph by the Rev. F. H. Arnold,
1864. Mr. Arnold remarks that " while Petworth is characterized
by the beauty of its scenery, the magnificence of its park, the
number of its charitable institutions, and more recently by
the treasures of art collected in Petworth House, the history
ofthe place itself possesses, at least, as much interest as usually
attaches to other towns, with which it may be fitly compared."
It has been connected for many centuries, in an undisturbed line
of succession, with one of the greatest of our historical races,
and " Percy-honoured " is an epithet which it may properly
claim and bear.
The etymology of Petworth seems to be " the worth or estate
of Peta," though the compilers of Domesday thought proper to
spell it Peteorde. No more than modern Frenchmen, could, they
get over our Saxon theta. See the analogous instance of Ordinges
for Worthing. Petworth was held as a free manor of Edward
the Confessor by a Saxon lady called Eddeva. Roger, Earl of
Chichester and Arundel, granted it to his Norman friend and
vassal, Robert de Belesme, whose son, " Robert the Cruel," suc
ceeded. On his forfeiture Henry I. bequeathed it to his second
g 2

84 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
wife Adeliza, who re-married William de Albini, Earl of Arundel ;
but Petworth was conveyed by gift from the queen to her brother
Joceline de Louvaine (1140) as an infeudation of Arundel, by the
service of being Castellan there. Josceline took the name of
Percy on his marriage with Agnes, daughter of William de Percy,
3rd in descent from a companion of the Conqueror. He was
succeeded by his son Henry, whose brother Richard was one of
the Magna-Charta barons. The next conspicuous personages
of this great line were, Henry the 4th lord, who was taken prisoner
by the Barons at the battle of Lewes in 1264, and his successor
Henry, who was at Dunbar and Bannockburn. Henry son of
the latter, and his son Henry, the seventh lord, figure largely
in war and public affairs in the 14th century. Henry, the 8th
lord of Petworth was created Earl of Northumberland by Richard
II., and from that date, as Mr. Arnold remarks, a series of catas
trophes ensue. The duke, who was also Earl-Marshal, took the
side of Wickliffe against Courtenay, Bishop of London, in 1337,
and had a narrow escape of his life. His son was the widely-
renowned Hotspur, whose history is so well known as the oppon
ent of Henry IV., and for his subsequent turbulent career. His
history belongs to England rather than to Alnwick and Petworth.
His sword is among the treasures of Petworth House. Hotspur's
son, the 2nd Earl, is supposed to be one of the heroes of Chevy
Chase, though he could not have fallen there at the hand of the
Scotch knight, since that fate was reserved for him at the battle
of St. Albans. Henry, the 3rd Earl, was born at Leconfield,
co. York, another of the great Percy estates, in 1421. Like
his father he adhered to the Lancastrian cause, and commanded
and fell at the sanguinary battle of Towton. Henry, 4th Earl,
was assassinated at his house at Cocksedge, near Thirsk. Henry,
5th Earl, was a conspicuous personage in the court of Henry
VIIL, and was present at the Battle of the Spurs. From the
celebrated " Northumberland Household Book " it appears that
his ordinary establishment consisted of 223 persons. Henry
Algernon, the 6th Earl, was in the retinue of Wolsey, and a lover
of Anna Boleyn, and it is a lucky circumstance that he did not
lose hishead as well as his heart. He afterwards married the Lady
Mary Talbot, but left no issue. His brother Thomas was beheaded
for treason in Aske's rebellion, but he left a son of his own name
who succeeded his uncle as the 7th Earl of Northumberland, he
having previously been created by Queen Mary, in 1557, Baron
Percy, of Cockermouth and Petworth. He was a zealous Roman
ist, and taking up arms against Elizabeth, fled to Scotland,
where he was beheaded at the command of the Earl of Morton.
His brother Henry, 8th Earl, became a Protestant, and long
enjoyed the favour of Elizabeth, but at length, on suspicion of

PETWORTH. 85
complicity with Thockmorton and Paget for the liberation of
the Queen of Scots, he was committed to the Tower, where he
committed suicide with a " dag " or pistol in 1585. Henry, 9th
Earl, laboured under the unjust suspicion of having been con
cerned in the Gunpowder Plot (in which his relative Thomas
Percy took part) and was imprisoned in the Tower for more than
15 years, where he solaced himself in the pursuits of science. He
paid a fine of £20,000 and was discharged on his parole that he
would not go more than 30 miles from Petworth House. He
was a great patron of science. An admirable portrait of him by
Vandyke is preserved at Petworth. His son Algernon, 10th
Earl, and K.G., was Lord High-Admiral of England. He sided
with the Parliament at first, but was averse to the execution
of Charles I. The care of the monarch's children was entrusted
to him, and he treated them with the utmost kindness. During
the Commonwealth he lived in retirement at Petworth, delight
ing in rural occupations. He assisted Monk in the restora
tion of Charles II., and became a Privy Councillor. His first
wife was the Lady Anne Cecil, and as a memorial ofthe marriage
an oak tree was planted in Petworth Park, which still maintains
a vigorous existence. By his second wife, the Lady Elizabeth
Howard, he was father of Josceline, the eleventh and last Earl
of Northumberland, who died in 1670, leaving a daughter Eliza
beth, Baroness Percy, in whom vested the ancestral honours and
the vast estates of the Percys. She had many suitors, and was
"three times a wife before she was 16." Her 3rd husband was
Charles Seymour, the " proud," and 6th Duke of Somerset, by
whom she had 13 children, but only three daughters and one
son survived. He lived in almost regal state, and exacted the
utmost servility from his children and dependents, but although
he declined to take the name of Percy as he had covenanted to
do, he always treated his duchess with the greatest devotion
and respect. He possessed many noble qualities, and was a
firm adherent to the reformed religion. He gave his services to
the Prince of Orange, and on the death of Queen Anne was
active in promoting the interests of George I. He died in 1748,
when his only son, Algernon, succeeded him as the 7th Duke of
Somerset, and owner of Petworth, having previously been created
Earl of Northumberland by George II., with remainder, in default
of heirs male, to Sir Hugh. Smythson, Bart., the husband of his
only daughter Elizabeth. The Duke was subsequently created
Baron Cockermouth and Earl of Egremont, with ultimate
remainder to Sir Charles Wyndham, eldest son of his sister,
Lady Catherine Seymour, who had married the celebrated states
man, Sir William Wyndham —
— " Wyndham, just to freedom and the throne,
The master of our passions and his own."

86 HISTORY OF SUSSEX..
Duke Algernon died in 1750, when Sir H. Smythson became
Earl of Northumberland, and Sir Charles Wyndham, Earl of
Egremont and lord of the honour of Petworth. The latter died
in 1763, and was'succeeded by his son, then only 12 years old.
This was George O'Brien Wyndham, third Earl of Egremont,
who during the greater part of his long life resided at Petworth,
and from his liberal patronage of the arts and sciences became
widely known as the Maecenas of his age. He died in 1837, aged
85 (see " Sussex Worthies," p. 90), leaving his vast possessions
to his eldest natural son, the present proprietor, George
Wyndham, who was created Baron Leconfield, of Leconfield,
co. York, in 1859.
Petworth House has always been one of the principal seats in
the county. In 1309 Henry de Percy had license to fortify his
manors of Petworth and Leconfield. A representation of the old
house, which stood on nearly the present site, is given in Vol.
xiv, of the " Sussex Collections." It shows in the foreground a
large quadrangle with a gateway, and behind it another half-
finished quadrangle. Fuller says, " Petworth, the house of the
Earls of Northumberland, is most famous for a stately stable,
the best of any subject's in Christendon, as it affords stabling in
state for three score horses." What is now a park of two thousand
acres was, in the days of the early Percies, a great forest ; but
partly from the ravages of the iron-works, and partly for
aesthetic reasons, Petworth Park, with its ten miles of stone ring
fence, has become one ofthe most celebrated in England for its
magnitude, and for its graceful admixture of wood, water, and
undulating lawn. Petworth received royal visits from Edward
II. and Edward VI. Whether Elizabeth came hither is undecided.
George IV. (Prince Regent) was here in 1814, and Queen Victoria
in 1846.
On the Duke of Somerset's coming into possession he began
to pull down the old Percy house and to build the present palatial
mansion, which is 322 feet in length, and 62 feet high to the
parapet. Its aspect is not pleasing, as, from its monotonous
facjade, without any considerable projections or recesses, it more
resembles a portion of some great city street than one of the
most important baronial mansions in the kingdom. The only
part of the old edifice retained is the chapel — a gloomy apart
ment decorated with the arms and devices of the Percies and
their alliances.
Adequately to describe the interior of Petworth House would
require from a critical pen a volume much larger than the present.
Its marbles, its pictures, more than 600 in number, executed by
more than 200 artists, and its wondrous wood carvings, deserve
a special historian. Here are glorious Claudes, and genuine
Holbeins and Vandykes, with productions of nearly every other

PETWORTH. 87
master both ancient and modern, including several of Turner,
marked by the usual exaggerations of that great artist. Many
of. the portraits are, of course, those of the Percies, Somersets,
and Wyndhams, and of Sovereigns contemporaneous with them.
For descriptions the reader is referred to " Murray's Handbook
of Sussex," " Waagen's Art Treasures of Great Britain," and to
a catalogue by A. E. Knox, Esq. The wood-carvings by Grinling
Gibbons are truly marvellous, and so indeed are those of Ritson,
a northern protege of Lord Egremont, who was employed to
complete some of the decorations. The sculptures, which form
a large collection, were chiefly purchased at Rome for Charles,
Earl of Egremont, who ordered many of them to be supplied
with the limbs of which time or violence had deprived them.
Hence an ill-natured wag once characterized the collection as a
" hospital for decayed statues." It will probably be found, how
ever, that when adverse criticism has done its worst, common
candour will allow that few collections of art in Europe amassed
by a private family, can vie with the glories of " Princely
Petworth." The church, dedicated to our Lady of Pity or of the Assump
tion, contains a chapel of St. Thomas a Becket, and is supposed
originally to have belonged to the family of De Alta Ripa, or
Dawtrey, formerly influential here. Petworth had a church in
Saxon times, and has probably never wanted one since; but
modern repairs have so obliterated or concealed ancient features,
that a few traces only of Early Decorated and Perpendicular
work are to be seen. Indeed, the late Earl of Egremont almost
entirely rebuilt the church at a cost of £15,000, about 1827,
from designs by Barry, with a spire reaching the altitude of 180
feet. Many Percies lie entombed in Becket's chapel with brass
plates and other memorials. There are also a fine statue of Lord
Egremont in a sitting posture, by Bailey, and two tombs of the
Dawtreys. In the nave and chancel are some interesting memo
rials to the Rectors and others, one of them to Dr. Wickens, an
early work by Flaxman. As a great church prize, Petworth has
had many eminent incumbents. Parson Aeon, according to
Leland, " builded the spire of the faire steeple." King, the
poetical Bishop of Chichester, was supplanted in Puritan times
by the fanatical Dr. Cheynell, the antagonist of Chillingworth.
The rectory-house was built by Montague and Duppa, succes
sively Bishops of Chichester, predecessors of King in that see.
Dr. John Price was chaplain to General Monk, and aided in the
Restoration of Charles H. Charles Dunster, (the translator of
Aristophanes, was also rector here. Indeed, for a long series of
years the rectors of Petworth have been in some way or other
distinguished. Notices of some of them will be found in the

88 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
"Worthies of Sussex," viz., John Edmund, p. 326; Richard
Montague, p. 116; Brian Duppa, p. 116 ; King, p. 117; Cheynell,
p.309;Dunster,p.343. A fair was formerly kept here for nine consecutive days, but
was suspended in the year 1666 in consequence of the plague.
Petworth gives name to a beautiful marble composed of univalve
freshwater shells, which is found in this and other parts of Sussex.
Iron-works were carried on at Petworth, and glass was manu
factured between the town and Kirdford, in Glass-house-lane.
Petworth has numerous and munificent charities, particularly
those founded by Mr. Thompson in 1624, by the Duke of Somerset
in 1740, Taylor's 1753, and the Earl ofEgremont's school, 1816.
The town consists of a few irregular streets with several excel
lent houses. One of these, near the church, was the town
residence of the ancient family of Dawtrey, or De Alta Ripa,
connections of the Percys, whose " chiefest house, according to
Leland, is in Petworth paroche, caullid the More, half a mile
from Petworth toune." Moore House was dismantled in 1763,
and the remains became a farmstead, which still possesses traces
of former importance and heraldric display. The Crescent, the
Percy badge, is found on several old houses ; an inn here bears
that sign (the Half-Moon), and it is noteworthy that several
public-houses between Petworth and London, on the old route
of the Percies to court, are also "Half-Moons." Newgrove
was the seat of another ancient family, that of De Aula or Hall,
whose heiress married William Peachey in the 17th century.
His descendant, Sir Henry Peachey, was created a baronet in
1736, as "of New Grove." It now belongs to Lord Leconfield.
According to Mr. Arnold bull-baiting and cock-fighting were
practiced at Petworth late in the last century.
The Town-hall and market-house, a stone structure, was
built in 1793 by the late Earl of Egremont. On one end is a
bust of William III., " in all the glories of his flowing wig."
In this Hall are held the Epiphany and Easter Sessions for the
Western division of Sussex. There is a large prison for the divi
sion, an elaborate account of which is given by Dallaway in his
preliminary History of the Rape of Arundel, up to the year
1819. [S. A. C. Iron-works, ii, 215. iii, 242. Queen Elizabeth, v, 197.
Domesday watermill, v, 271. King Edward 1. at, ii, 143. Edward II. at,
vi, 49. Church, xii, 95. Tredcroft family, ibid. Egremont, Earl of, xii,
96. Petworth House, xiii, vffl, xiii, 109. Grinling Gibbons, and Ritson's,
wood carvings, xiii, xiu xiv, 10. License to fortify, xiii, 109. De Percy
family, xiv, 2,3. Thompson's hospital, xiii, 305. Petworth, a paper (i%.
Turner, M.D.), xiv. 1-24. Charles, King of Spain at, xiv, 14. The
" Cecil oak," xiv, 16. Dawtrey or De Alta Ripa family, of Moore House,

PEVENSEY. 89
xiv, 18. xv, 104. xvi, 291. Almshouse, xiv, 21. Thompson's hospital,
xiv, 21. xvi, 37. Dr. Cheynell, xiv, 23. Proud Duke of Somerset, xv, 77.
Agincourt, xv, 133. Cloth manufacture, xiv, 14. House of Correction,
xvi, 21. Bells of, xvi, 220. Smugglers at Rotherbridge, xvi, 260. Pub
lications relating to, xviii, 100, 101. A tradesman's token, xviii, 163.
Barnard family, xix, 94. Lovet of, xix, 95. Quarter-sessions held here,
xix, 125. Town cage, xix, 124. George Inn, xix, 134. Golden Square,
and Darner's Bridge, xix, 137. Parson Edmond's conduit, xix, 137. Bull
ring, and Whipping-post, ibid. Roman coins, xix, 142. Bad roads, xix,
160. Hotspur's sword, xx, 128.]

PEVENSEY.

Domesday, Pevenesel; vulgo, Pemsey; a parish and Railway station (though
the latter is locally in the parish of Westham) in the Hundred and
Rape of its own name ; distant ten miles west from Hastings. Union
and Post-town, Eastbourne. Population in 1811,254; in 1861,
385. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £1,100 ; Patron, the Bishop
of Chichester; Incumbent, Rev. Henry Browne, M.A., of Corpus
Christi College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1566.
Acreage, 4,856.
No place of the same small population and minor impor
tance in the South of England can vie in interest with Pevensey.
Though now only a simple village street, it represents a great Ro
man station and fortress, and a very considerable stronghold of
medieval days ; and was the scene of many exciting historical
events extending over centuries. It gives name to a hundred, a
rape, a rich marsh, and that beautiful expanse of ocean, Pevensey
Bay. It also possesses a separate jurisdiction, the " Lowey " or
liberty, comprising the parishes of Pevensey and Westham, with
portions of Hailsham and Bexhill, and is one of the principal
limbs or members of the Cinque Ports.
The great and fertile plain stretching along the Sussex coast
from the eastward of Beachy-head in the direction of Hastings,
and inland towards Wartling, Hurst-Monceux, and Hailsham,
now studded with great and fat beeves, was at some remote era
covered by the sea, and what are known as " eyes" or elevations
above the surrounding level — such as Chilleye, Northeye, Hors-
eye, Rickney, &c, must have been islands, forming a miniature
archipelago. As these are all of Saxon meaning, it may be pre
sumed that, at the time of Saxon colonization, they were fre
quently or constantly insulated. It is almost certain that with
in the last thousand, years, the waters approached very closely
the town and castle of Pevensey, and even so lately as the year
1317, Edward II. granted to one Robert de Sassy, by the annual
service of presenting a pair of gilt spurs, certain lands in the

90 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
marsh of Pevensey and in the tenure of no man, because over
flowed by the sea. Like Hastings, Winchelsea, and Seaford,
this place has, by the caprices of Father Neptune, lost the port
which it once enjoyed, and it now requires almost a stretch of
the imagination to believe that royal navies once rode in Pev
ensey harbour. Such, however, we have evidence in many an
cient records was once the case.
What gave importance to the place in the days of the Roman
rule in Britain, was the erection of a large fortification or cas-
trum, which has been undeniably proved to be the station called
Andeeida, a word latinized from the British name Andrads-
wald. The Britons appear to have had a settlement here in
earlier times, both from the occasional discovery of British coins,
and from the retention of Celtic words as names of places. The
Castle of Pevensey, as we now behold it, exhibits two periods ;
the one undoubtedly Roman, the other a medieval building, en
grafted upon the original structure. The date of the Roman
building is inferred to have been of about the commencement of
the Lower Empire. In the excavations which, in connection
with Mr. C. Roach Smith, F.S.A., I carried on on the spot, we
found coins of Gallienus, Postumus, Maximinian, Constantine,
the Constantine family, and Magnentius. Other coins of cor
responding dates had been previously found on the spot, and
they still frequently turn up.* It was long a matter of archaeo
logical discussion whether Pevensey was the true site of Ande-
rida. Seven other places have set up their claims to the hon
our, but the names of Petrie, Arthur Hussey, Roach Smith, and
Thomas Wright are arrayed on this side. The arguments are
too lengthened for even a pricis here ; nor is it necessary, as
the site is now fixed here by common consent.
After the withdrawment of the Romans from Britain, some of
the native Britons took up their residence in and around this
stronghold, from which they were expelled by iElla, the Saxon
invader, and first king of the South Saxons. After the utter
subjugation of the former, the Saxons gave to this place the
name of Andredes-ceaster. The siege and subsequent slaughter
of the poor inhabitants are described by ancient chroniclers as
dreadful in the extreme. It is not until the year 792 that Pev
ensey appears under its modern appellation. It was then given,
together with Hastings and Rotherfield, by the Saxon Duke
Bertwald, to the abbey of St. Denis near Paris, in return for a
* The most remarkable coins ever found here are those of some of the Bactrian
Kings, Radpluses, Menander, and Apollodotus, who flourished about 200 years B. 0.
How these relics of a dynasty founded by one of the Generals of Alexander the Great
came hither, it is difficult to judge. Discredit has been cast on their discovery, but
that they were found beneath the walls of Pevensey Castle is proved by undoubted
evidence. See my Clvronieles of Pevensey, 2nd edition, p. i.

PEVENSEY. 91
miraculous cure wrought on him by the bones of St. Denis
himself, and those of others in that holy place. Here occurs another
hiatus until a. d. 1042, but from that date a pretty connected
history of Pevensey exists. In that year Swane, Earl of Oxford, a
son of Godwin Earl of Kent, who had been compelled to fly into
Denmark for attempting an illegal marriage with Edgiva,
Abbess of Leominster, returning to England with eight ships,
landed at the port of Pevensey. In 1049, Earl Godwin and his
son entered the port and took away many ships.
The crowning event in the history of Pevensey was the land
ing there -of William, Duke of Normandy, 28th September,
1066, a few days previously to his victory over Harold at the
Battle of Hastings. The particulars of the chain of events con
nected with the Norman Conquest belong rather to general than
local history ; but several papers and notes in " Sussex Archaeo
logical Collections" serve for illustration. The celebrated piece
of needlework, known as the Bayeux Tapestry, contains a repre
sentation of the landing ad Pevenesae, the drawing up of the
ships, the disembarkation of the horses and men, and several
horsemen galloping towards Hastings in search of food for the
army. On the partition of the conquered lands, William bestowed
the Rape of Pevensey (more than a sixth part of the county of
Sussex) on his half-brother, Robert, Earl of Mortaigne, or
Moreton, besides many others in other counties, amounting
altogether to nearly 800 manors, of which 54 were in Sussex.
He doubtless restored the outer walls of the Roman Castle, long
a partial ruin, and added the little, or medieval castle, within
the enceinte of the older fortification, making it at the same time
the caput baronice of his Sussex estate.
In 1067 William returned to Normandy to receive the congra
tulations of his ancient subjects, taking with him as hostages
Edgar Atheling, Archbishop Stigand, and others. He deter
mined to ' sail from the same port at which he had landed, and
accordingly embarked from Pevensey in the spring of the year.
Domesday contains a detailed account of Pevensey in 1086.
It was in the territory of the Earl of Mortaigne. In the reign
of the Confessor that king held 24 burgesses in domain, the toll
producing 20s., port-dues 35s., and the pasturage 7s. 3d. rent.
The Bishop of Chichester had five burgesses, and three priests
had amongst them 23 — total of burgesses in domain 52. At the
time of the Earl's succession to the manor there were but 27,
but twenty years later, at the making of the Record, the number
arose to 109, and the toll produced £4. Thus it would appear
that the Normans improved the condition of Pevensey in the
early days of their rule. The town had a mint, which is men-

92 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
tioned. In the remarkable discovery of 26,500 coins at Bea-
worth, Hants, some years since, there were some struck at this
place, with the name of the moneyer — Jelfhen-Pefns.
In 1088, on the death of the Conqueror, the Earl of More-
ton espoused the cause of Robert, against the usurpation of
Rufus. Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, " a great tamer of the English,"
espoused the former side, held Pevensey Castle against Rufus,
and sustained a six weeks' siege, but the Earl was at length
compelled to succumb to the government of the usurper. He
survived him, however, and after his death in the New Forest
was favoured with a remarkable vision. According to Dug-
dale, " at the very hour that the King received the fatal wound,
De Mortaigne, hunting in a lonely wood, in a place remote
from the scene of the accident, was met by a very black goat,
carrying the body of the King, ' all black and naked, and
wounded through the midst of his breast.' The Earl adjuring
the goat by the Holy Trinity to tell him what it was he so
carried, the goat replied, ' I am carrying your king to judg
ment, yea, that tyrant William Rufus ; for I am an evil spirit,
and the revenger of the malice which he bore to the Church of
God !' " The Earl was succeeded by his son William, who being
opposed to the interests of Henry I. was taken prisoner at the
battle of Tenerchebrai, at the same time as Duke Robert, and
like that unfortunate prince lost his liberty, his eyes, and his
patrimony. The last was, in 1104, conferred by Henry upon
Gilbert de Aquila, grandson of a Norman knight of the same
name who fell at Hastings. From him the barony of Pevensey
received the designation of " The Honour of the Eagle," which
it retained long after the extinction of the family. De Aquila
was a personal friend of Henry I., and lost three children in the
shipwreck of the " Blanche Nef," off Barfleur, in which the
King's son and heir likewise perished on their voyage from Nor
mandy. He was succeeded in 1118 by his son Richard de
Aquila, a turbulent spirit, engaged in war with the English
monarch, and had his English estate confiscated. He was also
in arms against the King of France, who retaliated by burning
his town and castle of Aquila in Normandy. King Henry con
doned the offence against himself, but in 1127 he was again
in open rebellion, and passed over to Normandy without the
royal license, when his broad lands were again taken from him,
and the Honour of the Eagle was granted by the King to his
grandson Fitz-Empress, subsequently Henry II. The annals of
Pevensey during these troublous times form a kind of epitome of
English history, its successive lords having been mixed up with
nearly every great event. In 1144, during the struggle between
Stephen and the son of Maude, its castle was besieged, by Stephen

PEVENSEY. 93
in person, who, finding it impregnable by force, reduced it by
famine. The fortress at this time was under the command of
Gilbert de Clare. In the treaty which followed between Stephen
and Henry, it was stipulated that Pevensey and the other pos
sessions of the outlaw, Richard de Aquila, should be settled
upon William, son of King Stephen, who held them till
Henry II.'s accession in 1254. This sovereign with great gene
rosity reinstated Richard de Aquila in the honour of Pevensey,
and the old rebel, growing penitent, gave to the Abbey of Gres-
tein his manor of Willingdon, the herbage in his forest of
Pevensey (Ashdown), and the tithes of Pevensey. In 1176
another Gilbert de Aquila succeeded to the Honour of the Eagle.
He appears to have been of a more tranquil nature, the only
mention of him being that he paid £21 17s. 6d. towards the
fund collected for the redemption of Richard Cceur-de-Lion out
of the hands of his Austrian captors. In 1195 that monarch
granted to John de Palerne the custody of the castle gate of
Pevensey. In 1205 a third Gilbert de Aquila, son of the pre
ceding lord, succeeded, but being guilty of many excesses, and
having gone over to Normandy without royal license, he for
feited all his estates, which were never restored to the family.
He founded Michelham Priory, in the parish of Arlington, temp.
Henry III.
In 1208 King John granted to the barons (freemen) of Peven
sey, on payment of 40 marks into the Exchequer, license to build
a new town between Pevensey and Langney, but there is no evi
dence of the design having been carried out. In 1216 William,
sixth Earl of Warenne, was in temporary possession of the
castle, but having sided with the Dauphin of France against
King John, the latter sent him a precept to deliver it up to
Matthew Fitz-Herbert, who was commanded to demolish it, but
happily that order was not fulfilled. In 1235 Henry III. granted
the lordship, on conditions, to Gilbert Marshal, Earl of Pem
broke, but he was deprived 24th Henry III., and in the follow
ing year he lost his life in a tournament. In 1241 the same
king granted it to Peter of Savoy, his Queen's uncle, for life.
In 1264 John, Earl of Warenne, having deserted Henry at the
battle of Lewes, fled to this castle, which had been committed
to his charge, and embarked the next day for France. The fol
lowing year De Savoy's troops held out here for the King, and
Simon de Montfort, son of the Earl of Leicester, besieged it, but
was compelled to retire. In 1269 the honour and castle were
settled upon Prince Edward (afterwards Edward I.), and they
continued in the Crown till temp. Edward III. Among the
custodians of the fortress during that period we find the names
of Palerne, Bode, De la Gare, Sassy, and Newente, most of

94 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
whom belonged to Sussex families. In 44th Edward III. tha,t
monarch settled Pevensey and its dependencies upon John of
Gaunt, " time-honoured Lancaster," and from that time the
Honour of the Eagle became part of the Duchy of Lancaster.
The duke granted the office of constable for life to Sir John Pel
ham in 1394, and on the usurpation of the Crown by Henry,
Duke of Lancaster (Henry IV.) Pelham adhered to the son of
his old master, and landed with him in Yorkshire to oppose his
cousin Richard. The Yorkist party attacked Pevensey Castle,
which was gallantly held out on behalf of her husband and the
King, 1399, by Lady Pelham, the wife of Sir John. She was
besieged by many of the forces of Sussex, Surrey, and Kent.
During the siege she wrote a letter to her husband, stating the
dangers by which she was beset, and the difficulty she had in
obtaining provisions. This epistle, which is of great interest,
has been several times printed, and it is supposed by Hallam to
be the earliest specimen of epistolary correspondence by a lady
in the English language.
" Strange eventful history " all this : but there is more yet to
come. In reward of his eminent services to the Lancastrian
cause, Henry IV. granted to Pelham and his heirs the office of
Constable of Pevensey Castle, with the Honour of the Eagle
and all lands and rights thereto appurtenant. This was in
1400; in 1405, Edward, Duke of York, being charged with
abetting the escape of the Earl of March and his brother from
Windsor, the king committed him to the custody of Sir John,
who held him prisoner here. The unfortunate prince seems
to have received great kindness from Thomas Playsted, his
gentleman -keeper, in the fortress, for in his will dated 1415,
is this item : " I bequeath to Thomas Pleistede £20 for the kind
ness which he showed me when I was in ward at Pevensey."
Again, in 1419 we have the record of a still more illustrious
prisoner. Queen Joan of Navarre, the last wife of Henry IV.,
and step-mother of the reigning king, being accused, with her
confessor, of the practice of necromancy and sorcery, with intent
to take away the monarch's life, she was committed to the
charge of Sir John Pelham, son of the Sir John before-men
tioned. Here she remained prisoner for nine years, until the
second year of Henry VI., when she was restored to her dower.
In 1461 Sir William Fynes (who was afterwards slain at Barnet
fight) was appointed Constable for life ; and in 1478, 9 the Castle
and its appendages were settled on Elizabeth, queen-consort of
Edward IV., for life.
From this date the records are very scanty : the office of
Constable was still existing in 1553, when Richard Oxenbridge
held it. In 1587 a survey of the Sussex coast was made with a

PEVENSEY. 95
view to its defence against the threatened invasion of the
Spaniards. In this document, (just published by Mr. Baxter,
of Lewes) the haven of Pevensey is shown running in a direc
tion nearly due east of the Castle. At this point orders are
made to construct two rampiers, one on each side. Other di
rections are given, including one which was happily not carried
out ; namely that, " The Castle of Pemsey is to be re-edified or
utterly rased ! " In 1650 a survey was made, by the Parliamen
tary commissioners. The manor is described as " the manor of
Pevensey, alias Pemsey, sometimes styled the honour of Aquila,
in the parishes of Pevensey, Westham, Haylsham, Bexhill, &c.
The materials of the old castle are valued at £40." Thanks to
John Warr, of Westminster, the purchaser, who did not pull
down these venerable walls ! In 1660 Pevensey was settled upon
Henrietta, the queen-dowager. It was held as royal property
until William III. granted it to the Bentincks, who sold it to
the Right Honourable Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington
and Viscount Pevensey. In 1755 it descended to his son Charles,
Earl of Northampton, whose daughter marrying in 1782 Lord
George Augustus Cavendish, Earl of Burlington, conveyed it
into the family of the present noble owner, the Duke of Devon
shire, who, among his numerous styles and titles, may write
himself " Dominus Aquilse."
For the last two or three centuries the history of the Castle
has been an eventless one of desolation and gradual decay,
though its sturdy walls will doubtless remain for centuries to
delight the artistic eye, and furnish matter for the retrospective
philosopher and antiquary. It is worthy of remark that in 1846,
the Sussex Archaeological Society held their first general meet
ing within the walls of this, the most ancient building in the
county. On that occasion I read a paper which comprised most
of the main facts mentioned above, which became the basis of
my little work called the " Chronicles of Pevensey." Some
years later Mr. Roach Smith, F.S.A., and myself conducted
excavations here, and the results of our discoveries were pub
lished in Vol. vi. of the " Sussex Archaeological Collections,"
but much more fully, in 1858, in a monograph by Mr. Smith,
whose acquaintance with Roman remains is so widely known,
under the title of " Report on Excavations made on the site of
the Roman Castrum at Pevensey." To this able production
reference must be made for minute architectural details, but a
brief description is given below.
" Of all the Roman walled Castra in England," observes the
learned author, " that of Pevensey presents the highest claims to
our admiration. It is among the largest in extent ; it is the best
preserved ; and approached either from the east or west its

96 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
appearance is grand and imposing. The dilapidations not being
seen, the visitor views it in much the same condition as it pre
sented itself to the eyes of the Romans themselves." .... yet
" fifteen centuries stand between himself and the builders. But
this long space of time has passed ; thirty (fifty ?) generations
of men have gone to dust, while the walls and towers before
him seem yet only in their maturity, or, at the worst, in a
vigorous old age. Let him tear aside the ivy that clings to the
facing of the wall, and he will find the course of the mason's
trowel marked as freshly as if the tool had smoothed the mortar
only a few months since ! "*
The Castle lies westward of the town of Pevensey, between it
and the pleasant village street of Westham. In shape it ap
proximates to an oval, having its longest diameter nearly east
and west. The outward enclosure (the walls of the ancient
Anderida), now a pasture-field, contains about 8£ acres. The
inner fortification or medieval castle, about 1^ acres. The exter
nal walls are nearly entire, the greatest hiatus being on the
south, through which there is a fine view of the Bay. The
principal entrance is at the east end of Westham-street, and is
flanked with two towers of nearly horse-shoe form. There are
six other towers of similar shape on the north side, more or
less ruinated, but still in remarkable preservation. The medieval
castle is an irregular pentagon, and its gateway is flanked by
two round towers much dilapidated ; three more towers are still
standing, and the remains of others are traceable. Part of the
moat remains. The outer or Roman walls are upwards of twenty
feet high and of vast thickness, and exhibit, in various parts,
strata of Roman tiles. The Normans evidently added to the
height of the walls in some places, and one of the towers has a
remarkable superposition of a Norman structure upon it, which
was evidently designed as a watch-tower, as it commands a view
land-ward over a great tract of country ; but as just intimated
I cannot enter into the many architectural details of this most
venerable ruin. I must, however, say a few words respecting
the researches which Mr. Roach Smith and myself made in
1852. We commenced operations in July, and continued them
throughout the year. It was proved that the massive flanking
towers of the gateway, 28 feet apart, had originally been flanked
by a wall, and that in it was the true porta or grand gate of the
fortress. Fragments of imbrices or roof tiles from the original
roof of the gateway were found, with a third-brass coin of Con
stantine, and at a higher level a penny of Canute. We next.
opened out a postern or minor gateway passing obliquely through
* Report, p. 12.

PEVENSEY. 97
the northern wall, and to this the name of " Roach Smith's gate"
was subsequently given. On the south side, where the wall had
long since disappeared, we discovered by deep excavations that
such a defence had originally existed, with a very small postern,
though it had been a prevalent notion that water in that part
had been a sufficient safeguard. In Roman times the sea must
have reached almost as far as the wall. A landslip at this point
is the probable cause of the disappearance of the fortifications.
In the " little " or medieval castle, we discovered the foundations
of the free chapel of Pevensey Castle, which is frequently men
tioned in ancient records. It must have consisted of nave,
north aisle and chancel, with walls thirty inches thick. Below
the level of the floor of the chancel were found several skeletons,
one of which having the arm-bones crossed over the chest, is
presumed to be that of a priest. At the west end of the church
a font of circular cup-shaped form was found in situ, though
much fractured, and at the east end the basin or head of a
pillar piscina of Early English character. A short time pre
viously the well of the fortress had been discovered near the
chapel. It is seven feet in diameter, and steined with solid
ashlar. From the depth of about fifty feet, many skulls, said
to have been those of wolves, were brought up, as well as several
large round balls of sandstone, which were doubtless the pro
jectiles discharged in old warfare by the catapult.
The parish church of St. Nicholas, the patron saint of Pevensey
and of mariners, consists of nave, chancel, and north and south
aisles, with a tower on the north side of the north aisle. The latter
is very low, and supports a shingled spire. The prevailing style
of the building is Early English. The columns of the nave are
alternately octagonal and clustered. The chancel arch is lofty
and acutely pointed. The capitals are beautifully foliated. The
chancel is very long, with three lancet windows at the east end.
There are brass plates in the south aisle for Edward Millward,
1619, and Elinor his wife, 1614. On the north wall ofthe chancel
is an elaborate monument with the marble effigies of John
Wheatley, gent., 1616, his wife Elizabeth, and Katherine,
"their only davghter and heire."
The Corporation of Pevensey is a member of the Cinque-port
of Hastings, and is governed by a bailiff, jurats, and commonalty.
It comprises the parishes of Pevensey, Westham, and the south
portion of Hailsham ; originally portions of Bexhill and Wartling
were included, thus making the liberty, leuga, or lowey, as it is
sometimes called, almost co- extensive with the Marsh. The
prison, with a court-house over it, resembles an old cottage.
There are many peculiar customs and privileges. _ The corpora
tion seal is a very curious piece of antiquity, exhibiting on the
VOL. II. H

98 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Obverse an antique ship, and on the reverse two ships in full sail.
It is probably of the 13th century.
The decline of Pevensey from its ancient importance to the
condition of a small village of less than 400 inhabitants, has
rendered its little municipality the butt of local satire, and many
anecdotes reflecting upon the assumed ignorance of the natives
are in existence ; one especially, that the grand jury once found
a prisoner guilty of manslaughter for stealing a pair of leather
breeches, is a standing jest. These stories, or some of them,
probably originated with Andrew Borde, once resident here, one
of the most singular personages of the 16th century, and said
to have been the prototype of Merry Andrews. He was in turn
a Carthusian Friar, physician to Henry VIIL, a quack-doctor an
country fairs, a traveller in many lands, an author on various
subjects, a court favourite, and a political spy. He finished his
career as a prisoUer in the Fleet in the year 1549. See " Worthies
of Sussex," p. 27.
[S. A. C. Corporate seal, i, 21. Custumal of, iv, 209. xviii, 42.
Bios seal of, found here, v, 205. Watermill in Domesday, v, 271. Henry
I. at, v, 282. King Stephen at, i, 132. Edward II. at, vi, 46. Andredes-
ceaster on, vi, 90. xi, 223. xix, 4. Wise Men of Gotham, vi, 207.
xviii, 69,72, 142. Excavations there by Messrs. Roach Smith and Lower,
vi. 265 (Lower). Royal Mint, ix, 369. Smugglers, x, 83. Old Cannons,
xi, 152. Andrew Borde, notices of, xiii, 262. xix, 7. Pevensey Castle
and Forest, xiv, 41. Muleward (Milward) at Agincourt, xv, 131. Church
bells, xvi, 220. The Lowey, or Leuga, xvii, 6, 55. xviii, 42. Battle
Abbey lands, xvii, 55. Pelham family, xvii, 249. Oratory at, xvii, 249.
Bailiff of and Jack Cade, xviii, 18, 27. Statutes of Pevensey Marsh, xviii,
42. The Port, xviii, 42. xix, 1. Hospital of St. John the Baptist, xviii,
43. Catapult balls, xviii, 72. Horseye, Mankseye, Northeye, Hydneye, xix,
1,3,4. Swegen (Sweyn) and Beorn at Pevensey, xix, 79. The Sussex
Thane who saw the approach of the Norman Armada, xix, 79. Alured
gave East Grinstead to Lewes Priory, xx, 145.]

PIDDINGHOE.

Vulgo, Pid'nhoo ; a parish in the Hundred of Holmstrow ; Rape of Lewes,
on the Ouse ; one mile north from Newhaven. Post-town, Lewes.
Railway station, Newhaven, distant about one mile. Union, New
haven. Population in 1861, 208; in 1851, 243. Benefice, a vicar
age, valued at £170 ;. Patron and Incumbent, Rev. James Hutchins,
M.A., of St. John's College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register,
1540. Acreage, 2,658. Chief Landowners, The Earl of Chichester,
and William Waterman, Esq.
The Anglo-Saxon ho signifies a heel-shaped projection into
the water (Leo) and this name may be Peada-inga-ho, the ' h6 '

PLAYDEN. 99
of the sons of Peada, a well-known Saxon appellative. The geo
graphical position of the village justifies the use of the last
syllable. Piddinghoe belonged temp. Edward II. to the De
Warennes ; otherwise its history is obscure. The three manors
of Plumpton-Piddinghoe, Horcome, and Harpingden are partly
in the parish. The church now comprises a chancel, nave, north
aisle, and a round tower, with an octagonal shingled spire. The
south aisle and the north and south chapels ofthe chancel have
been removed. The interior contains several interesting details,
the prevailing character being Early English, though portions are
of late Norman character. The round tower is one of the three
of that form in the county, all of which stand near the west bank
of the Ouse. Its material is flint, with small window openings,
some of which are round-headed. For speculations on the reason
for this form of tower see Hussey, p. 267. There are inscriptions
for the families of Faulconer and. Waterman. Deans in this
parish was the seat of the family of Heath in the 16th and 17th
centuries. On the road-side near the village is a chalk pit, in
teresting to geological observers. Piddinghoe produces bricks
and pottery. A local witticism runs that the inhabitants " shoe
their magpies !"
[S. A. C. Magpies shod here! xiii, 210. Bells, xvi, 220. Cade's insur
rection, xviii, 24. Ancient relic, xviii, 70.]

PLAYDEN.
Domesday, Pleidenham ; a parish on the Rother, in the Hundred of Gold-
spur ; Rape of Hastings ; distant f of a mile north from Rye, its
Post-town, Railway- station, and Union. Population in 1811, 223 ;
in 1861, 305. Benefice, a Rectory, annexed to East Guldeford ;
Patron, Rev. C. Shrubb ; Incumbent, Rev. Charles Meade Ramus,
M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Regis
ter, 1714. Acreage, 1,308.
The surface has pleasing undulations, and towards East
Guldeford there is a promontory of rock, caused by the ancient
washing of the Rother, and called Playden Cliff. Sandrock
Hill commands a good coast view. The village has the singular
alias of Sauket, or Salt-cot, Street, with reference, it is said, to
the fisheries of Rye ; but this I much doubt, as similar names
are found in various parts of the world, remote from sea and
from salt. The word is probably derived from Sanscrit roots ;
e. g., there is a military station at the foot of the Himalayas
called Sealcote. Before the Conquest, Playden was held of the
Confessor by one Siulf, and here another probability crops _ up;
mav not the name be rendered " Siulf 's cote," or habitation ?
J h 2

100 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
After the Conquest the Earl of Eu held it in person, and there
was a church. Portions of the manors of Playden-Mascall and
Playden-Porter lie in the parish. The ancient family of De
Guldeford and the Abbey of Robertsbridge had lands here.
The charitable establishment called the Hospital of St. Bar
tholomew of Rye is close outside that town, but in this parish.
It belonged to the Norman abbey of Fecamp. It was originally
founded for leprous persons, but when that disease died out, it
became an almshouse for the poor. In 1379, an inquisition
shows that one Robert Burton, master of the hospital, had cut
down timber and sold crops from the lands of the establishment
for his own behoof, and to >-the detriment of the poor inmates,
who were obliged daily to beg their bread in Rye. After the
Dissolution the site was granted to Andrew, Lord Windsor. A
list of the wardens ofthe house, from 1343 to 1478, is given by
Mr. Slade Butler in " Sussex Collections," xii, 136. A free
chapel here is said to have been given by Henry VII. towards
the building of the Chapel of the Virgin in Westminster Abbey.
The church (St. Michael) includes a nave with aisles, central
tower with shingled spire, and chancel. The columns of the
arcades which divide the nave from the aisles are alternately
round and octagonal. There are memorials for the names of Legg,
Clerk, and others ; and an incised slab commemorates a Flemish
brewer of the fifteenth century, with barrels, mash-stick, and
fork, faster is icgtabe' (Eotnelis Zoctmanns, fiftt boer lie f icle.—
" Here is interred Cornelius Zoctmanns. Pray for the soul."
Near the church-yard is an ancient hollow oak, on the top of
which a tar barrel sometimes served for a beacon. Extensive
barracks existed at Playden during the French war.
[S. A. C. Chapel, xiii, 137, 143. Flemish brewer, viii, 337. xiii, 180.
Idlers apprenticed, xvi, 26. Three church bells, xvi, 220. Hospital, xvii,
134. Salcote, xix, 167.]

PLAISTOW. (See Kirdford.)
PLUMPTON.
A parish in the Hundred of Street ; Rape of Lewes ; distant about five
miles north-west of Lewes ; Post-town, Hurst- Pierpoint. It has a
Railway station. Union, Chailey. Population in 1811, 233 ; in 1861,
404. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £380 ; in the gift of Trinity
College, Cambridge; Incumbent, Rev. W. Woodward, B.A.,ofthat
College. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1558. Acreage, 2,423.
Chief Landowner, the Earl of Chichester.
The parish lies principally on the northern side of the

PLUMPTON. 101
South Downs, the escarpment of which is here very steep and
lofty. Above it is a kind of " table land" unusual on these hills,
called Plumpton Plain, where, according to tradition, some in
cidents of the battle of Lewes occurred. On the escarpment is
a very large cross-patee incised in the turf, and visible at times
from a great distance. Originally it was bared to the chalk,
like the celebrated White Horse, and our Wilmington Giant of
yore, but it is now overgrown with turf. Its origin and purpose
are alike unknown.
The manor belonged to Earl Godwin, and after the Conquest
to the Earls of Warenne. In later times it was held by the
great Norman family of Bardolf (many particulars of whom
are given in Stapleton's " Liber de Antiq. Leg."), and from
them descended successively to William, Phelip Lord Bardolf,
Viscount Beaumont, and Lord Hastings. On the attainder of
this race for their adherence to the Lancastrian cause, it was
forfeited to the Crown. It was afterwards granted to Sir John
Fagg, but in 1522 it was vested in the ancient proprietors, who
had been restored in blood, and then belonged to Elizabeth,
wife of John, Earl of Oxford, widow of William, Viscount Beau
mont, Lord Bardolf. Queen Elizabeth granted it to Sir Nicholas
Carew, who died possessed of it in 1590. In 1627 Sir Henry
Delves was lord, and in 1663 Anthony Springett. In the latter
family it continued until 1763, when it passed by purchase to
that of Pelham, its present owners. Among the Crown tenants
of the manor were the Mascalls, who resided at Plumpton Place.
One of this family, Leonard Mascall, wrote several books on
rural pursuits, and he is said to have first introduced carp into
England, placing them in the moat which surrounded his man
sion.* He was also a grower of pippins, and a breeder of cattle,
sheep, dogs, &c. He flourished in the sixteenth century, but the
date of his death is unknown. (See " Worthies of Sussex,"
p. 53.) Plumpton Place still retains its moat and its carp, but
the venerable mansion, shorn of its original importance, is now
only the habitation of cottagers.
The church consists of a chancel, nave, with south porch and
west tower, with shingled spire, and has featuies of Transition-
Norman, Early English, and Perpendicular work. (Hussey.)
Within are memorials for the families of Springett, Walker,
Woodward, and Hampton. The last-named family, now repre
sented by the families of Weekes and Borrer, held the advowson
200 years. John Dudeney, the philosophic shepherd and school-
* This, however, may well be doubted, as Dame Juliana Eerners mentions the
fish in her " Boke of St. Alban's," in the previous century. She describes it as a
"daynteous fysshe, but there ben but few in Englonde, and therefore I wryte the
lesseof hym."

102 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
master, was a native of this parish. (" Worthies of Sussex,"
p. 343.) Some curious mural paintings have lately been dis
covered in the church.
[S. A. C. Two watermills in Domesday, v, 271. Mascall, xiv, 222.
Plumpton Place, xv, 162. Bell, xvi, 220. Celt from, xviii, 66. Homewood
of, participator in Cade's insurrection, xviii, 29, 40. Church jand altar
tombs, xviii, 40. Mural paintings, xx, 198. Flint celt, xviii, 64. Tapestry
at Plumpton Place, xviii, 73. Springett family, xx, 36, 46.]

POLING.
A parish in the Hundred of its own name ; Rape of Arundel ; distant
three miles south-east from Arundel, its Post-town ; Railway station,
Angmering, distant about 1J mile. Union, East Preston. Popu
lation in 1811, 148 ; in 1861, 203. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at
£158 ; Patron, the Bishop of Chichester ; Incumbent, Rev. T. Trough-
ton Leete, M.A., of Caius College, Cambridge. Date of earliest
Parish Register, 1558. Acreage, 923.
As no mention of Poling is found in Domesday, Dallaway
thinks it was carved out of Angmering, and made a distinct
hundred at a later date. On the partition of the earldom of
Arundel in 1244 the hundred and manor of Poling were allotted
to John Fitz- Alan. In 1381 they were settled upon the newly
founded college of Arundel. In 1568 Sir John Caryll was lord.
It was afterwards incorporated with the Michelgrove estate.
From the Walker family, who held that property, it passed by
sale, in 1828, to Bernard-Edward, Duke of Norfolk. A small
Oommandery of Knights-Templars was established here, pro
bably on the endowment of one of the Fitz- Alan family. It
afterwards passed to the Knights-Hospitallers. A chapel, with
chambers for three knights, remained, having been used as a
farmhouse, until about 1830, when it was fitted up as a private
residence. A view, as it stood in 1780, is preserved among the
Burrell MSS.
The impropriation was given to the Abbey of Almenesche, in
Normandy, and was transferred in the thirteenth century to the
nunnery of Lyminster. The vicar is endowed with the whole
tythes. The church (St. Nicholas) appears to have been partly
rebuilt about the beginning of the fifteenth century, and com
prises chancel, nave, south aisle, and west tower. There are
Transition-Norman features. The passage to the rood-loft is
still open. There is a half-length brass to SlSHaltet Habj), vicar
in the fifteenth century, and an inscription to Robert Dyneham,
vicar, 1707. For a notice of Richard Carpenter, the versatile
Vicar of Poling, who changed from Romanism to Protestantism

PORTSLADE. 103
repeatedly, and was accounted " a theological mountebank," see
" Worthies of Sussex," p. 326.
[S. A. C. Lands belonging to Calceto Priory — Tayller of, Pitz-Os-
mond of— Commandery of, xi, 101. John de Palenges xi, 103. Church and
manor to Lyminster nunnery, xi, 118. Church, xii, 96. Bells, xvi, 220.
Aran, tributary of, xvi, 259. Poling church, &c, xviii, 101. Gold British
coin, found at, xviii, 69.]

PORTSLADE.

Domesday, Portslade ; a parish in the Hundred of Pishersgate ; Rape of
Lewes ; distant from Shoreham, its Post-town, three miles. It has
a Railway station on the South- Coast line. Union, Steyning. Popu
lation in 1811, 358 ; in 1861, 1,103. Benefice, a Vicarage, united
with Hangleton, valued for the Rectorial Tithes at £260, and Vicarial
£142 ; Patron, the Earl de la Warr ; Incumbent, Rev. Frederick
George Holbrook, M.A. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1666.
Acreage, 2,006. Chief Landowners, Rev. Wm. Hall, and Edw.
Blaker, Esq.
This sea-side parish, though only on an average a mile in
breadth, is four miles long. I have before remarked that in the
majority of Sussex parishes these oblong dimensions are found,
and that their general direction is north and south. The village
occupies a pleasant declivity of the South Downs, and commands
excellent land and sea- views. The parish contains several man
sions and residences, particularly the Manor-House, belonging
to the Borrer family, Portslade House to the Rev. W. Hall, East
Hill to Edward Blaker, Esq., and Portslade Lodge to Miss Borrer.
In Domesday, Portslade is stated to have been held by Osward,
who also possessed it before the Conquest. It was exempt from
land-tax, and the owner could change his residence at pleasure,
and sell his property if he would — a noble instance of the liber
ality of Norman times ! In 2nd Henry III., the celebrated
Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent,* who had married Beatrice de
Warenne, became possessed of the manor in dower, and in 13th
Henry III., Margaret, his daughter, by Margaret his wife, sister
of Alexander, King of Scotland, was owner. From this period
the manor frequently changed hands, and it has belonged to the
families of De Grelly, De la Warr, Pelham, Snelling, Edwards,
Fawkenor, Westbrook, Andrew, Foley, Watson, Davies, Lamb,
Phillips, and Borrer. Near the church-yard are the ruins of the
ancient manor-house, described by Mr. Hussey as " still exhibit
ing two tolerably perfect double-light round-headed windows.
* This eminent personage is said to have been the greatest subject in Europe. He
was Chief Justiciary of England and Ireland, Governor of the Tower, and Castellan
of Windsor. For a full notice of him see " Burke's Extinct Peerage," p. 97.

104 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Of one the dividing mullion has a decidedly Norman capital.
One fragment of wall is three feet three inches thick, and seems
to have been overthrown by violence." Mr. Hussey considers that
the latest date that can be assigned to this ruin is the Early
English period. I should regard it as a fragment of Norman work.
The church (St. Nicholas) consists of a chancel, nave, south
aisle, and west tower. The chancel is Early English, with three
sedilia and a piscina under trefoiled arches. Other portions of
the building are in different styles, ranging from Transition-
Norman to Perpendicular. In 1847 some mural paintings were
discovered in this church, the subject being the Day of Judg
ment. The tower contains three bells, but not of very ancient
date. There are mortuary inscriptions to the names of Clutton,
Edwards, Cooke, Woodcock, Carpenter, Blaker, Borrer, and others.
It would appear that this parish anciently gave name to a
family called De Portslade, as a Ralph de Portslade was accused,
in 1303, of an offence against the Abbot of Bayham. Curious
details of the transaction are given in Vol. xi. of the " Sussex
Collections." Like many other places on the Sussex Coast, Portslade has
suffered much from the encroachments of the sea. The claim
of this village to have been the Portus Adurni of Roman times,
is not well supported, as it has been pretty well established that
Bramber is the site of that station. Many Roman remains have,
however, been found in the parish. Copperas Gap is a hamlet
of this parish. It is on the road from Brighton to Shoreham.
The population and houses have greatly increased in consequence
of the formation of a canal towards Brighton, with a view to
the supply of that town with coals and other commodities. A
new district church (St. Andrew) has been erected for the popula
tion. Patron, the Bishop of Chichester.
[S. A. C. Mural paintings in church, i, 161. Ralph de Portslade, xi, 124.
Church-house and Fuller family, xiii, 47. Roman road, xiv, 177 Church
bells, xvi, 221. Edwards family, xix, 88. Blaker family, xix, 200.]

POYNLNGS.
Domesday, Poninges ; vulgo, Punnins and Punnuns ; a parish in the
Hundred of its own name ; Rape of Lewes ; distant six miles north
west from Brighton ; Post-town, Hurst-Pierpoint. Railway-station,
Hassocks Gate, distant about 41 miles. Union, Steyning. Popu
lation in 1811, 181 ; in 1861, 261. Benefice a Rectory, valued at
£273, with 1 9 acres of Glebe and 70 acres in the parish of Pyecombe ;
Incumbent, Rev. Thomas Agar Holland, M.A., of Worcester Col
lege, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1558. Acreage, 1,643.
An elaborate account of this parish by the Rector opens

POYNINGS. 105
the 15th volume of the " Sussex Collections." The parish gives
name to a hundred, and is situated partly upon, and partly at
the base of, the South Down range. It is full of romantic
beauty. In a charter of King Eadgar, the name is written
Tuning as ; the termination ingas means here, as in numerous
other cases, offspring or descendants ; hence this place must
have been colonized, in early Saxon days, by some member of
that race. Whether some such word as Pun or Puna existed as
a personal name, does not appear. According to Domesday,
William Fitz-Rainald held Poninges of William de Warenne.
Earl Godwin had previously presented it to Cola. It was as
sessed under both at eight hides, but paid no land-tax. The
arable was thirteen plough-lands ; there were two ploughs in
the demesne and twenty-five villeins, and eight bondmen hav
ing fifteen ploughs. There were a church, two ministri, two
mills, fifty acres of meadow, and a wood of forty hogs. In the
time of the Confessor it was valued at £12, and was, at the date
of the Survey, worth but £10. This description clearly refers
to a much larger area than that comprised within the limits of
the modern Poynings. Fitz-Rainald was son of Rainald, second
brother of Robert de Pierpoint, Lord of Hurst-Pierpoint. Temp.
Stephen, its possessors took the name of De Ponynges, and the
family, afterwards ennobled, held the manor during nearly three
centuries, and for eleven generations in the male line. The
first of the family ennobled was Sir Michael, who was sum
moned to Parliament in 1294 as Baron de Ponynges. His
son Thomas was summoned to Parliament by King Edward
HI. in 1337. In 1339 he perished in a great sea-fight with
the French near Sluys. His son followed the standard of
the same monarch in all his foreign wars from 1339 to 1355.
He was created a Knight-Banneret at Cressy, and was present
at the surrender of Calais, and also at the battle of Poic-
tiers. He died in 1369, having jointly with his wife founded
the existing church of Poynings. In his will, proved in 1369, is
the following noticeable bequest : "I demise to him who may
be my heir, a ruby ring, which is the charter of my heritage of
Poynings, together with the helmet and armour which my
father demised to me." Thomas, 4th Baron Poynings, who was
born at Slaugham, where the family appear to have possessed
an estate, carried out the rebuilding ofthe church in accordance
with the wish of his parents. He died without issue, and his
brother Richard succeeded. The latter was summoned to Parlia
ment 1382-5 ; attended the Black Prince in his campaign in
Spain; and died of disease at Villalpando in Leon. His son
Robert, born in 1380, succeeded to the barony. He served in
France under Richard II., with 30 men-at-arms and 60 archers,

106 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
and later, under Henry IV., V., VI., with 60 men-at-arms, and
180 archers, and was indeed, both in war and diplomacy, one of
the greatest men of his time. He died in 1446. His eldest son,
knight of the shire for Sussex, died before his father, in 1430.
He had a son and a daughter ; the son predeceased him, and the
latter, Eleanor, on the death of her grandfather, the last Baron,
became his heir. She married Sir Henry Percy, son and heir of
Henry, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, thus conveying a very ex
tensive estate into that illustrious house. The successive Barons
de Poynings formed alliances with numerous important families,
but now the name became extinct in the elder male line. The
barony of Poynings merged in the superior dignity, and has
ever since formed one of the subordinate titles of the Earls and
Dukes of Northumberland. Sir Henry was summoned to Parlia
ment in his wife's barony, and so continued until 1455, when
he succeeded to the paternal Earldom. He espoused the Lan
castrian cause, and fell while commanding its forces, at Towton
fight in 1461. Thenceforward the Poynings blood was lost in
the still more illustrious name of Percy. There were other per
sons of historical distinction collaterally descended from this
ancient race. Sir Edward Poynings, K.G., who flourished under
Kings Henry VII. and VIII. , was grandson of Robert, the 6th
Baron. He was Lord-Deputy of Ireland, and caused a series of
laws of a highly beneficial kind to be enacted in the Irish Parlia
ment of 1494, 5, assimilating the Irish laws to the EngHsh. His
code was long known as " Poynings' Law," and was only re
pealed at the close of the last century. He was a great warrior
and a thoughtful statesman. Lloyd, in his " State Worthies,"
says of him : " A serious and plodding brow bespoke this noble
knight's deep prudence, and a smart look his resolved valour ;
who was a man vastly different in his publick capacity from
what he was in private employment —
' Quemquam posse putas mores narrare f uturos 1
Die mihi, si has tu leo, qualis eris.' "
He held important trusts at Boulogne, Tournay, and in the
Cinque Ports, and was much connected with state employments
in the court of Henry VIII. His illegitimate son, Sir Thomas
Poynings, also distinguished himself in military affairs, and was
successively Marshal of Calais and Governor of Boulogne. In
1545 a second barony of Poynings was created in his favour, but
he died shortly afterwards without issue, and the title expired
with him.
In 1535 Algernon, 6th Earl of Northumberland, sold this
estate to Henry VIIL, who granted it in exchange for other
manors, to his favourite, Sir Anthony Browne, K.G., ancestor of

POYNINGS. 107
the Viscounts Montague, and in that family it continued until
its extinction, and it is now vested in the Crown, under the
Commissioners of Woods and Forests.
Mr. Holland gives in his paper a full ecclesiastical history
of the parish. The church (Holy Trinity) was in the patron
age of the Earls of Warenne, who gave it to Lewes Priory. A
chantry of ancient foundation, dedicated to St. Mary, was long
associated with the rectory. Its founder, doubtless one of the
Lords Poynings, cannot be identified ; but the 70 acres of land
in Pyecombe, still attached to the rectory, and called the
chantry, no doubt supplied the revenue of that foundation.
The church is a cruciform building of beautiful and striking
aspect — very superior in the ensemble to most of the churches
of the district. Its large embattled tower, with its spacious
nave, chancel and transepts, form altogether a cathedral-like
group, very pleasant to behold. It is constructed of chalk
and rubble, and cased with dressed flints. The dressings are
chiefly of the yellow sandstone still dug in the district, and
the original roofing was of Horsham stone. The interior is
grand in its proportions. Four noble arches support the tower,
and the east window is a striking object. The north transept
is known, as the Montague Chapel, and the south as the
Poynings Chapel. The latter was long walled off, and in fact
consigned to almost utter darkness, damp, and decay, as if the
last resting place of a long line of chivalrous and pious lords of
Poynings were a thing of nought ! Thanks, however, to the late
Dr. Holland, rector, and Hugh, 3rd Duke of Northumberland,
this state of things was changed in 1842. Old monumental
stones were replaced near their original sites, but they cannot
he identified with any ofthe particular personages whose remains
they covered. There are traces of brasses, and embossed crosses
on some of them, but the only one whereof the inscription can
be read has on it a memorial in Lombardic characters to the
" Uamette tie iSiggel, de la Bor. . ." It had a floriated cross and
shield, but these, with the brass letters which formerly passed
round the verge of the stone, have been torn away by sacrilegious
hands. Of the connection of this " Damette " (or unmarried
lady) with the baronial family nothing is known. Over the
chancel window, outside and over the porch, are the arms of
Poynings. Some of the few encaustic tiles remaining have the
arms of Richard, king of the Romans, brother of Henry III. In
the chancel are three sedilia and a piscina under ogee arches,
with-a^hood moulding. In a window of the north transept is a
representation in ancient glass of the Annunciation. The font
is octagonal, with ogee panels, and coeval with the church.
Of Poynings Place, the old baronial mansion, few remains

108 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
exist. It was probably deserted on the extinction of the family,
and the Percys and Montagues had greater houses elsewhere.
A drawing by Grimm in 1780, in the Burrell Collections, repre
sents a lofty tower, a relic of the original edifice, and traces of
terraces and avenues may still be noticed by the antiquarian
eye. In 1727, a great part of the then existing remains was
destroyed by fire, and in 1824 what remained of the tower fell
down, so that it may now be said of this once noble fabric —
" Etiam periere ruinse."
In this parish is the remarkable chasm of the South Downs,
known as the Devil's Dyke, which looks almost like a work of
art. So accurately are its sloping sides shaped, that we might
imagine that some gigantic power had been employed to cut a
cleft or gorge through the solid hill. Connected with it is an
earthwork called the " Poor-man's wall," evidently a corrup
tion of other words. The entrenchment is oval, and nearly a
mile in circumference. The fact of a few Roman coins having
been found here does not disprove a much higher antiquity.
From the summit of the Dyke Hill there is a view hardly equalled
in the South of England. It is said to embrace, under favour
able lights, portions of six counties. Certainly the grand Weald
is no where seen to greater advantage, while southward there is
an extensive seaboard view, including Brighton, Shoreham,
Worthing, and, occasionally, the Isle of Wight. On this height
is an inn called the Dyke-House, which is the constant resort
of pleasure parties from Brighton. The great geological chasm
is popularly ascribed to the agency of Satan. Let our Sussex-
loving antiquary, the late Mr. William Hamper, F.S.A., tell the
story ; for, although " decies repetita, placebit." —
" Five hundred years ago or more, or if you please in days of yore,
That wicked wight 'yclept Old Nick, renowned for many a wanton trick,
With envy, from the Downs beheld, the studded Churches of the Weald ;
Here, Poynings cruciform, and there, Hurst, Albourne, Bolney, Newtimber,
Cuckfield and more, with towering crest ; Quce nunc prcescrihere longum est ;
Oft heard the undulating chime, proclaim around twas service time.
' Can I, with common patience see, these churches, and not one for me?
Shall I be cheated of my due, by such a sanctimonious crew V
He muttered twenty things beside, and swore tJiat night the foaming tide.
Led through a vast and wondrous trench, should give these pious souls a drench !
Adown the West the Steeds of Day hasted merrily away.
And night in solemn pomp came on, Her lamp a star— a cloud her throne.
The lightsome Moon she was not there, but deck'd the other hemisphere.
Now with a fit capacious spade, so large, it was on purpose made,
Old Nick began, with much ado, to cut the lofty Downs in two ;
At every lift his spade threw out a thousand waggon loads, no rloubt I
Oh I had he laboured till the morrow, His envious work had wrought much
sorrow.
The Weald, with verdant beauty graced, o'erwhelmed, a sad and watery waste I
But so it chanced, a good old dame, whose deed has long outlived her name,

PRESTON EPISCOPI. 109
Waked by the cramp at midnight hour, or just escaped the night-mare's power,
Rose from her humble bed, when lo ! she heard Nick's terrible ado I
And by the starlight faintly spied this wicked wight, and Dyke so wide I
She knew him by his mighty size, his tail, his horns, his saucer eyes ;
And while with wonderment amazed, at workman and at work she gazed,
Swift cross her mind a thought there flew, that she by strategem, might do
A deed which luckily should save her country from a watery grave ;
By his own weapons fairly beating the father of all lies and cheating !
Forth from her casement in a minute, a sieve, with flaming candle in it,
She held to view : — and simple Nick, who ne'er suspecting such a trick,
(All rogues are fools) when first his sight a full orb'd luminary bright
Beheld- he fled— his work undone— scared at the sight of a new Sun,
And muttering curses that the day should drive him from his work away I
Night after night, this knowing dame watched — hut again Nick never came I
Who now dares call the action evil, To hold a candle to the Devil?"
[S. A. C. Encaustic tile, iii, 239. Parish register extracts, iv, 279.
Domesday watermills, v, 271. xv, 53. De Poynings family, xi, 58. xiv,
182. xv, 5. Roman road, &c, xiv, 178. Parochial history {Holland), xv,
1. An ancient Andrew de Borde, xv, 6. xv, 24. Percy family, xv, 11.
Earls of Northumberland, ibid. Church, xv, 22, 236. xvi, 311. Inscrip
tions in church-yard, xv, 231. Earthworks and Devil's Dyke, iii, 173. xv,
55. Bells, xvi, 221, 311. Beard, Rev. George, xv, 231. xviii, 161.

PRESTON EPISCOPI.

Domesday, Prestetone ; vulgo, Press'n ; a parish in the Hundred of its
own name ; Rape of Lewes ; a mile north of Brighton, of which it
may be considered a suburb. Union, Steyning. Population in 1811 ;
429; in 1861, 1,044. Benefice, a Vicarage, with Hove annexed,
valued at £300 ; Patron, the Bishop of Chichester ; Incumbent,
Rev. Walter Kelly, M.A., of Caius College, Cambridge. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1556. Acreage, 1,286.
It is beautifully situated in a dale near the north-east out
skirts of Brighton, and contains, besides Preston Place (the
manor-house), many excellent residences. The Brighton cavalry
barracks and water-works are in the parish. At no distant
date the village will become, iike Hove, part and parcel of the
great town of Brighton. A new building scheme has been ab
surdly called Prestonw7fe/ The origin of the name is obviously
Priests' ton or habitation, and as it formerly belonged to the
bishops of Chichester, it was for distinction's sake called Pres
ton Episcopi. Prestetone is assessed, in Domesday, at 20 hides,
the arable, 12 plough-lands; 30 villeins with 20 bondmen had
12 ploughs. There was a church, with 15 acres of meadow and
a wood of 2 hogs. The manor extends into several parishes,
contiguous and remote. The descent of the manor is obscure.
In 26th Henry VIII, the demesne lands were demised to Edward
Elderton, gentleman. In 34th Elizabeth, Sir Thomas Shirley, of
the Wiston family, became seised, and in that family it long re-

110 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
mained. Sir Richard Shirley, Bart., who died in 1705, demised
it to his three daughters and co- heiresses. Ultimately Thomas
Western, who had married one of them, became sole proprietor.
His grandson, Charles Callis Western, Esq., in 1794, sold the
estate for £17,600, to William Stanford, Esq., in whose represen
tatives it now vests.
The church (St. Peter) is small, and though, as Mr. Hussey
remarks, it has only chancel, nave, and small western tower,
and possesses little ornament "it is an interesting building,
being entirely in one style — the Early English, without the ad
mixture of any other." The east end has three lancet windows
within a large arch. In the north wall of the chancel is a
sepulchral monument, the brasses of which are lost, with a Per
pendicular altar-tomb, for one of the Shirley family, richly
carved. In the south wall are a piscina, and three sedilia of
different grades, all under trefoiled arches. In " ArchEeologia,"
Vol. xxiii, the Rev. Charles Townsend describes some mural
paintings in this church, which are still visible. The principal
subject is the murder of Thomas a Becket, and from the costume,
&c, the date of this rude art is the time of Edward I. There are
also figures of the Saviour, and several saints. In this church
lie buried the remains of Francis Cheynell, D.D., the great Pres
byterian controversialist, and the foe of Chillingworth ; (see
"Worthies of Sussex," p. 309), and in the church -yard is the
tomb of the Rev. James Douglas, author of " Nenia Britannica "
and various other works. He died in 1819, one of the ablest
antiquaries of his time.
[S. A. C. Shirley family, xiv, 114, 232. xix, 63, 161. Church bells,
xvi, 221. Church, xix, 63. Elrington family, xix, 64.]

PULBOROUGH.

Domesday, Poleberge ; vulgo, Pulber; a parish in the Hundred of West
Easwrith ; Rape of Arundel ; distant six miles from Petworth. Post-
town, Petworth. It has a Railway station on the Mid-Sussex line of
the Brighton Railway. Union, Thakeham. Population in 1811,
1,613 ; in 1861, 1,852. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £1,750 ;
Patron, Lord Leconfield ; Incumbent, Rev. William Sinclair, M.A.,
of St. Mary Hall, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1595.
Acreage, 6,398. It is a market town.
Few names of places have a clearer etymology than this. It
is Anglo-Saxon, pul, a pool, and byrig, an encampment, and
applies well to the position of the parish. The village is a long
street on the banks of the Arun, and contains a considerable
population. That portion which is near the church is consider-

PULBOROUGH. Ill
ably elevated, and commands an excellent prospect. The ancient
wooden bridge which formerly crossed the A run, was replaced
nearly eighty years since by the present structure of stone.
Domesday informs us that in the time of the Confessor, OTuric
held the manor, while, at the making of the Record, Robert held
it of Earl Roger de Montgomeri. The land was 16 hides, and
there were 35 villeins, 15 cottars, and 9 serfs. There were two
churches, two mills, and two fisheries. Temp. Edward Conf. it was
estimated at £16; afterwards at £22. With this important manor
were connected those of "Nordborne," and "Nitinbreham,"
which extended into the Weald. John de Gatesden held two
knights' fees in Pulberg of the Honour of Arundel. In 1290
Henry Hoese or HusseV, having married Joan, daughter of Alard
le Fleming, of Newbridge in Pulborough, succeeded to part of
the estate, while Walter de Lisle having married Florence,
another co-heiress of Alard, obtained from the King free warren
in their manor of Pulborough, with a fair to last three days at
Newbridge. The Huss^s and Lisles held the manor in joint
tenure till 30th Henry VI., when Edmund atte Milne or Mille
succeeded to one moiety. Nicholas Apsley, of the Thakeham
family, succeeded through the heiress of Mille. In 1594 Anthony
Oneley possessed one third part of the manor, which passed to
the Shelleys, and the last John Apsley of Pulborough sold the
other two-thirds to Henry Shelley, Esq., of Lewes, about 1732,
and in that family it remained until the extinction of the Lewes
Shelleys a few years since.
Nobdbokne or Ntjtborne, another manor and tything, lies
partly in this parish and partly in West Chiltington. Two free
men held it ofthe Confessor, and after the Conquest Robert held
it of Earl Roger, and Warin of him. It was an important manor,
as it was rated at six hides, had two mills, 20 villeins, 4 cottars,
and a wood of 12 swine. It was valued at £7. The family of
La Zouche held it down to the year 1400. In 1545, Henry VIII.
granted it to Henry, Earl of Arundel. Its 48 customary tenants
now hold it under the Earl of Abergavenny. (Cartwright.)
" Nitinbreham " was held before the Conquest by Lewin, " who
might go whither he would." Afterwards Roger held it of the
Earl, and Alwardof him. There were 16 villeins, 3 cottars, and
a wood for 10 swine.
Pulborough formerly contained several ancient seats, the prin
cipal of which Cartwright enumerates thus : — 1, Mille Place, the
seat of the Milles — site unknown ; 2, Combe-lands, the abode of
a family of that name, who preceded Mille ; 3, Lodge Hill, in
Pulborough Park, the residence of the Le Flemings,* and after-
* Edward II. permitted Alard le Fleming to rebuild his house in Pulborough Park,
destroyed by fire, but not to embattle it.

112 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
wards the property of the Husseys and Lisles ; 4, Old Place^
which belonged successively to the Apsleys, Moses, and Cole-
brookes — there are some picturesque remains of this mansion ;
5, New Place, belonged successively to the Apsleys, Peacheys,
and Barttelots. The barn belonging to this house has Early
English windows, and is supposed to be of the time of
Edward I. Pulborough is an ancient site, and many traces of
Celtic and Roman possession have been brought to light. Mr.
P. J. Martin, in Vol. ix. of the " Sussex Collections," gives a
notice of a British settlement discovered by himself on Nut-
bourne Common, now enclosed, about the year 1819. On an
elevated part of the Common there were two depressed circular
barrows, measuring respectively 80 and 90 feet, which, on exa
mination by Messrs. Martin and Cartwright, were not found to
contain any interments. There were circular depressions in the
centre, and the exterior rim of the circle exhibited the peculi
arity of foundations of a wall of stone four feet thick. Several
relics of undoubted British manufacture were discovered ; and
the conclusion arrived at by Mr. Martin is, that these barrows
were the dwelling-places of human beings — perhaps the pri
meval hunters, who sought their game in what must then have
been a well- wooded country.
Many Roman remains have been discovered here. The Stane-
street, which ran from Regnum, (Chichester) to London, passes in
a straight line 3£ miles through this parish, and has never ceased,
since Roman times, to be the common highway. Its course
through Pulborough commences at what was the old ford of the
river Aran, and runs to Hadfoldsherne in the neighbouring
parish of Billingshurst. There were probably several military
stations on or near this via, and some indicia of considerable
interest have been discovered within the present century, but
before particularizing these, I should mention that there is, at
no great distance from the village on the west, a circular mound
of earth, mostly artificial. It is surrounded by a vallation, and
there are slight traces of a building. Other remains were found
here, but as they have not been preserved, nothing which could
indicate the date of this little fort or castellum is ascertained.
As it commands the ford of the river, and a wide view of the
surrounding country, it was probably a watch-tower. The late
eminent West Sussex geologist, Mr. P. J. Martin, F.G.S.,*
minutely examined the Stane-street in its passage through this
and other parishes, and the following notes are from his paper
in the " Sussex Collections." At Homestreet, a short distance
to the north of the east end of Pulborough street, are consider
able indications of a remarkable township, or assemblage of
* See ante.

PULBOROUGH. 113
Roman buildings. The most notable of these is a circular
mausoleum, situated on a slight elevation in a field called
Huddlestone. The area is forty feet, and it is surrounded by a
wall 11^ feet thick. Part of these walls has been grubbed up
for the sake of the stones. When the plan of this mausoleum
was laid bare it was declared that there were few equal to it out
of Italy. At a short distance from this, at Broomer's Hill, four
pigs of Roman lead were discovered just below the surface.
They are stamped with the inscription icltrf-vtbrexarg, which
has been interpreted to mean Tiberius Claudius, Tribunitice Potes-
tatis Britannice Rex. Some distance to the north is Borough farm,
where very extensive buildings have been traced out, with con
siderable fragments of tesselated pavement and coloured stucco.
Near at hand is a quarry, from which the stone of Pulborough
church is said to have been taken, and from which there is little
doubt the Romans drew materials for Bignor, and for the sar
cophagi found at Avisford and elsewhere. In digging for foun
dations close to the village of Pulborough, fragments of Roman
tile are turned up, as also Roman coins which have passed cur
rent both here and at Billingshurst as halfpence. All these
discoveries tend to prove that, although not strictly a Roman
station, Pulborough must have been rather thickly peopled with
"the conquerors of the world."
The church (Our Lady of Assumption) is beautifully situated
on a hill of sandstone, and has a picturesque appearance. It
has an arcade with clerestory windows, forming two aisles, and
these, as well as the tower, Cartwright believes to have been
built temp. Henry IV. or Henry VI. There is a square embattled
tower at the west end, of the same date. The chancel is of
much earlier date, being the surviving portion of the original
edifice. It contains three sedilia of equal height, and two slabs
of Sussex marble despoiled of their brasses. The whole interior
is particularly neat and appropriate. At the south-west of the
church-yard there formerly stood a sepulchral chapel (Our Lady)
belonging to the family of Mille. Towards the end of the last
century it was taken down, when the slabs and brasses were
placed in the chancel. A lych-gate has been erected at the
entrance of the church-yard from the street, and has a pleasing
appearance. The brasses removed from the chapel were figures
of ffifctmmil JRtUe, Gentilman, 1452, and Matilda his wife, and
a plate for 1&tcj)arrJ MUlt, their son and heir, 1478. There is
a beautiful brass of an ecclesiastic in the habit of a canon of Chi
chester, surmounted by a canopy for Ci)0S. ^arlgng, rector of
Ringwode and Polberg, 1 423. There are other memorials for the
families and names of Apsley, Coles, Legg, Spragg, Marriott,
VOL. II. i

114 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Onely, Cobb, Tredcroft, &c. There are five bells, one of which
is dedicated to St. Catherine.
At Newbridge there was a chapel which has long since been
destroyed. It was dedicated to St. Helen.
[S. A. C. Four watermills, v, .271. Visit of Edward II., vi, 49. British
settlement, ix, 109. Roman stone quarries, xi, 130, 143. xix, 130. Roman
mausoleum, xi, 141. Roman road, xi, 139, Roman pigs of lead,_ remains
of tesselated pavement, and remains at Nutbourne, xi, 143. Ancient fort,
xi, 144. De LTsle, xii, 35. Newbridge fair (1279) and Newbridge Wm.
of, xii, 35. The Bridge there, xix, 158. Newbridge chapel, xii, 85. New
bridge House, and Alard le Fleming, xiii, 106. Church, xii, 96. Martin
Peter J., xiv, 11. xvi, 52. Parish charity, xvi, 37. Apsley of, xvi, 50, 291.
xix, 93. Church bells, xvi, 221. Old Place, xvi, 291. Nutbourne stream,
rivers Aran and Rother and the Bridge, xvi, 257. Mille family, xvii, 110.
Mille place, xvii, 111. Bookers of, xix, 94. Road to London, xix, 157.
Mulseys in, xix, 158. Pulboro' common and Wickford Bridge, xix, 158.]

PYECOMBE.
A South-Down parish in the Hundred of Poynings ; Rape of Lewes ;
distant six miles north from Brighton ; Post-town, Hurst-Pierpqint ;
Railway station, Hassock's Gate, distant about 1\ miles. Union,
Cuckfield. Population in 1811, 175; in 1861, 283. Benefice, a
Rectory, valued at £345 ; Patron, the Lord Chancellor; Incumbent,
Rev. John Morgan, M.A. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1561.
Acreage, 2,249.
The village occupies one of the numerous valleys of the
South Downs, whence the last syllable of the name. The parish
is boldly undulated, and has in some places copses of underwood.
It includes the conspicuous promontory called Wolstonbury, a
Saxon designation signifying the " stronghold of Wulstan."
From this elevation not only the Weald of Sussex, but the Surrey
hills, and even a portion of Kent, can be clearly seen. Pye-
combe is not mentioned in Domesday, but Pangdean is found
under the orthography of Pinhedene. In 40th Edward III. this
manor was held of the barony of Lewes by the service of keep
ing in repair the pales of Cuckfield park. It was included in
the De Warenne grant to Edward II., yet Alice, sister of John,
last Earl de Warenne, conveyed it in marriage to Edmund, Earl
of Arundel, and his descendant, the Duke of Norfolk, is still lord
paramount. In 1593 Sir Anthony Browne, Viscount Montague,
died seised of it, and on the extinction of the male line of that
family in the last century it lapsed to the Crown, and it is still
held under a Crown lease.
Pyecombe, which from its chalky soil and good position should

PYECOMBE. RACTON. 115
be a very healthy spot, has at different periods suffered severely
from pestilence. It was visited by the plague in 1603, 1638, and
1678, and in the last great visitation of cholera several of the
inhabitants died.
The church is a small ancient building of chancel, nave, and
small low tile-capped tower at the west end. Its single bell is
inscribed to St. Katherine. Hussey thinks the tower of Tran
sition-Norman date, and the font is very curious and ancient,
perhaps pre-Norman. The building has been much disguised by
ill-applied " restorations." There are memorials for the names
and families of Scrase (seventeenth century) and Barrett, Bysshe,
and Beaumont (rectors). Sir Lewis Beaumont, Bart., was rector
from 1702 to 1738. There are also two coffin-shaped slabs with
crosses for earlier rectors. In the church-yard is a rudely con
structed altar-tomb, with the date 1603. It is traditionally said
to be to the memory of Mr. Hollingdale, tenant of Pangdean
Farm. During the prevalence of the plague he betook himself
to a cave, which he had excavated in the Way Down, a mile
distant, but returning too soon to his home he took the infec
tion, died, and was buried under this memorial.
[S. A. C. Parish registers and plague, iv, 276. Arrow-head found,
viii, 268. Bysshe family, xiii, 252. Pangdean, xv, 20. Bell, xvi, 220.]

RACTON.
Domesday, Eachitone ; a parish in the Hundred of Westbourne ; Rape
of Chichester ; distant seven miles north-west from Chichester ; Post-
town, Emsworth. Union, Westbourne. Population in 1811, 102 ;
in 1861, 95. Benefice, a Rectory, with the Chapelry of Lordington
annexed, valued at £225 ; in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of
Chichester; Incumbent, Rev. Frederick Henry Arnold, B. A. Date
of earliest Parish Register, 1680. Acreage, 1,180.
This is a small parish of irregular outline, and borders on
the west the county of Hants. The soil is that of the South
Downs, chalk and marl. It is supposed to derive its name from
Racon, a little " lavant," or intermittent stream, which flows
through it. The village is unimportant. Fulco held the manor
of the Confessor, and Ivo of Earl Roger. It was rated at five
hides, and had eight villeins with 13 bondmen, and a wood of
four hogs. Its Domesday value was £4. In 1284 Hugh Zan-
zaver was lord, and in the sixteenth century it came into the
possession of the family of Gounter, or Gunter, from Gilleston,
in Wales. It passed from that family in 1754, by an heiress, to
William Legge, second Earl of Dartmouth. i 2

116 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Lordington, the Hurditone of Domesday, is an ancient hamlet
and chapelry in this parish. It is described as in the hundred
of Guidenetroi, was rated at four hides, and had eight villeins,
seven bordars, and a wood of three hogs. After the Conquest
it was granted to Earl Roger de Montgomeri, and one ofthe two
knights' fees passed in succession through the families of De
Albini, Tatteshale, Romaine, De Lisle, and Bramshott. Towards
the end of the fifteenth century, Lordington became the pro
perty of Sir Richard Pole, K.G., a cousin of Henry VII., who
is supposed to have built Lordington House. The mansion was
reconstructed on the old site in the seventeenth century, and
retains some of the original features, particularly an ancient
staircase. From the illustrious and historical house of Pole it
passed in succession to the families of Lumley, Jermyn, Peck-
ham, and Phipps.
The church contains a mural monument to a member of the
Gunter family, who, with his wife and four sons and two
daughters, are represented in a kneeling posture, St. John the
Baptist standing in the centre. There is another monument to
the Gunter family, with two kneeling figures, and a third has a
bust of Sir Charles Gunter Nichol, K.B. Several slabs in the
Gunter chapel are to the memory of members of the same family.
There are two bells.
Racton was the residence of Colonel George Gunter, a faithful
adherent to the cause of Charles II., who had the honour, after
the battle of Worcester, of conducting the King across the
country to Brighthelmston, whence the latter escaped safely to
Fecamp, in Normandy.
[S. A. C. Gunters of, v. 48. xvi, 129, 265. xviii, 115. Lordington
House {Arnold), v, 180. xvi, 265. Domesday mills, v, 271. Church, xii.
75. Bells, xvi, 221. Ems, or Emille river, xvi, 265. xviii, 185. Racon
river, xviii, 185 ]
RINGMER.
A parish in the Hundred of its own name ; Rape of Pevensey ; distant
three miles north-east from Lewes, its Post-town and Railway station.
Union, Chailey. Population in 1811, 1,055 ; in 1861, 1,522. Be
nefice, a Vicarage, valued at £400 ; Patron, the Archbishop of Can
terbury, it being one of his Peculiars ; Incumbent, Rev. Edward
Symonds, B.A., of Worcester College, Oxford. Date of earliest
Parish Register, 1560. Acreage, 5,626. Residences, Middleham,
Mrs. Constable ; Delves House, the property of Sir Charles R. Blunt,
Bart. ; The Elms, Major Harwood ; Park Gate, W. Alexander, Esq. ;
Wellingham, Miss Rickman.
The hundred to which this parish gives name is one of the

RINGMER. 117
oldest on record in the county, being mentioned in very early
documents of Saxon times. About the time of King John, when
the College of South Mailing was remodelled, the manor was
divided into three beadlewicks, viz., Ranscombe, Framfield, and
Ringmer, and these beadlewicks, in the time of Henry VIII.,
became distinct manors. In 3rd James I. the manor of Ring
mer (Broyle Park excepted) was granted by the King to Edward,
Earl of Worcester, and Sir Robert Johnson, by whom it was sold
to Sir John Sidley and Sir George Rivers for £8,440. The
same year it was sold for a similar sum to Thomas, Earl of Dor
set, in whose heirs it still vests.
Broyle Park, deriving its name from the low Latin bruillium,
a heathy plain, was long a park belonging to the Archbishops of
Canterbury, who had a mansio or resting-place here when on
their pastoral visits into Sussex. It was of great extent, pro
bably of 2,000 acres, about 500 of which were in Framfield
parish, and had a splendid herd of deer. Temp. Elizabeth it
was taken possession of by the Crown. At a later date the
Broyle was in the hands of the family of Springett, who dwelt
at Broyle Place from the earlier part of the seventeenth century,
and were afterwards baronets. Sir William Springett took an
active part in the Civil Wars on the side of the Parliament, and
was in command at Arundel in 1643, where he died. For a most
interesting account of his death, written by his wife, see " Sussex
Archseological Collections," vol. xx, p. 34. Broyle Place was a
" large rambling mansion of many gables, but it is now shorn
down to the proportions of a farm house. The park has long
been converted into arable land, and no traces of its timber and
underwood remain. Near its ancient pale is a wayside inn,
called the " Green Man," which was kept about a century since
by a person who had been a parker, and the sign, which I re
member, represented a stalwart man in his forester's suit of
green. The Broyle is now a favourite spot for steeple chases,
which are held annually. The surface of the parish of Ringmer
is remarkably flat and unpicturesque, although the village itself
is neat and interesting, surrounding an open space called Ring
mer Green. Close adjoining is an old residence known as Delves
House, which was, in the last century, a favourite resort of
Gilbert White of Selborne, from whence he dated many of the
letters of his charming book. The old pine grove, whither cross
bills and others of the feathered nation did resort, still exists
near the church yard. The soil of the parish, especially on the
Broyle, is gault — excellent for the brickmaker — and it is worth
notice that specimens of copper ore have been dug up here.
This is " not geologically right," but it is true, as I can prove.*
* I am also prepared to prove that rich copper ore has been found in a chalk
cutting close to Lewes. Impossible, says Geology : truth, say I,

118 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
The roads in this parish were formerly so intolerably bad that it
is said that the Springetts of Broyle Place were formerly drawn
to church in their carriage by a team of eight oxen. There were
formerly artillery barracks in this parish. Ringmer Park, now
disparked, was, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the seat
of the family of Thatcher, who intermarried with the Challenors,
Lewknors, Pelhams, Gages, &c, and were afterwards of Priest-
hawes, in Westham.
The church (St. Mary) consists of chancel, nave, north and
south aisles, with a modern wooden bell-turret over the west
end. On each side of the chancel there is a manorial chapel,
the appropriaton of which I cannot discover — probably the
Broyle, and Ringmer park. Each contains a piscina. The pre
vailing style is Perpendicular. This church is very rich in mor
tuary memorials for the names and families of Springett, Whal-
ley, Campion, Wynne, Tyro (a painfull preacher), Sadler, Snooke
(second daughter of Rev. Gilbert White, of Selborne), whose
husband Henry, " post vitam difficilem hie quiescit," Shadwell,
Plumer, Jefferay, Crunden, Howell, and Elliott. The most in
teresting monuments are those of Mr. Jefferay and Sir William
Springett, both of the 17th century. Altogether this is a very
interesting parish.
[S. A. C. Parish register extracts, iv, 286. Springett of Broyle, v, 67.
xiv, 161. xviii, 175. xix, 160. xx, 34 {Lower). Ancient ring, ix, 373.
Barcary lands, xiii, 46. Jefferay family, xiv, 222. Thatcher family, xv,
162. xviii, 23, 38. Broyle park, xv, 162. River Ritch, xv, 163. Church
bells, xvi, 221. Jack Cade, xviii, 25. Going to church with oxen, xix,
160. Fitzherbert family, xix, 175. Whalley family, xx, 45. Civil mar
riages at Glynde, xix, 202. Charities of, xx, 84. New family, xx, 88.]

RIPE or RYPE, alias ECKINGTON.
(A portion of the parish was known, within a few years,
as " Eckington Corner.")
Domesday, Hype; a parish in the Hundred of Shiplake; Rape^of Pev
ensey ; distant three miles from Berwick station, and seven east of
Lewes ; Post-town, Hawkhurst. Union, West Firle. Population,
in 1811, 331 ; m 1861, 361. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £431 ;
Patron, Exeter College, Oxford; Incumbent, Rev. R. Shuttleworth
button, M.A., formerly of that College. Date of earliest Parish
Register, 1520 and 1538. Acreage, 1,120. Chief Landowners, Sir
James Duke, Bart., and W. D. Weeden, Esq., of Hall Court.
This is a flat alluvial parish near a branch of the Ouse
and probably received its name from its being on the ripa or

RIPE OR RYPE. 119
bank of a river, once much more important than now, when the
Ouse was a great estuary. There is a strong mineral spring in
the parish called the Red ditch. There is a tradition of a vil
lage near the south-west boundary. In the Domesday survey
Rype is mentioned as being in Edluestone hundred, which
partly coincided with the modern hundred of Shiplake. Before
that time it was one of the very numerous manors held by
Harold, and was assessed at 23 hides, 8 of which were detached,
and lay in the rape of Hastings. There were 10 plough-lands,
16 villeins, and 8 bondmen, with 8 salt-pans. Temp. Confes-
soris it was worth £12, afterwards only £8. After many changes
of possession the manor came into the possession of Reginald
West, Lord de la Warr, of whom a memorial still exists in the
window of a small house in the parish, in the shape of the
" chape " of a sword — a badge won at Poictiers, for the capture,
under the Black Prince, of King John of France. Temp. Philip
and Mary, the Earl of Rutland sold the manor to Sir John
Gage. The rectory anciently belonged to Lewes Priory. The church
(St. John the Baptist) is a remarkably good and symmetrical
building of no great size, and principally in the Decorated style.
It consists of nave and chancel, with a square western tower,
over the west door of which is the badge of the Pelham Buckle,
so familiar in this district. The windows — the eastern one is
particularly handsome— were formerly filled with painted glass ;
and emblems of the Evangelists, or portions of them, still exist.
There are inscriptions to the names of Williamson, Acton, and
Plumer. The family of Acton were resident here for at least
three centuries ; and at Hall Court the family of Lulham were
very ancient. In close proximity to the modern residence are
traces of the ancient abode of the Lulham family. At Mark-
Cross in this parish, in the direction of Laughton, formerly
stood a wayside cross dedicated to St. Mark, and in the latter
parish, at a spot not far distant, was another called Stone
Cross. Opposed to the theory of geologists that copper ore should
not appear in any stratum of this county, that metal has been
found in the gault formation on Mr. Weeden's land, as also in
the neighbouring parish of Ringmer, and I have even found it
in the chalk formation close to Lewes.
[S. A. C. Ancient name, xiv, 211. xv, 163. Eckington manor, xiv,
211. Salt-pans, xiv, 211 xv, 163. Lulham family, xiv, 213. xviii, 25, 39.
Jefferay and Martin families, xiv, 219, 232. Our Lady of Pity, xiv, 219.
xv, 65. The river Ritch, xv, 163. Church bells, xvi, 223. Jack Cade's
adherents, xviii, 25, 39. Hall Court, xviii, 39. Bronze relic, xviii, 69.
Civil marriages at Glynde, xix, 202. Benefice belonged to Lewes Priory,
xx, 141.]

120 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
ROBERTSBRIDGE.
A hamlet and small town in Salehurst, containing a large
proportion of the population of that parish. It formerly pos
sessed a chapel, dedicated to St. Catharine, and a holy well
under the same invocation. In the old " coaching" times, this
town was well known to travellers. At present it contains little
of interest, except the ruins of its ancient Abbey, which lie some
what to the east.
From the fact that Robertsbridge stands on the river Rother,
here crossed by several bridges, it has been erroneously conjec
tured that the original name of the place was Rotherbridge.
But the real etymology is Pons Roberti, " the bridge of Robert"
(de St. Martin), the founder ofthe Abbey.
The history of this establishment has been well investigated
by the Rev. George Miles Cooper, M.A., assisted by the previous
researches of the Rev. E. Venables, M.A., and by a remarkable
discovery at Penshurst Castle (the seat of Lord de Lisle,) of
nearly 200 documents relating to the monastery, by the Rev. G.
R. Bossier. (" Sussex Archaeological Collections," Vol. viii.)
The manner in which his lordship acquired them will be found
in the sequel. The Abbey was of the Cistercian order, and
dedicated to St. Mary. There is little doubt that Robert de St.
Martin was the founder in 1176, though that honour has been
claimed for his descendant, Alured de St. Martin, who, with the
benefactions of Alicia his wife, seems to have so enlarged the
establishment as to have become the reputed founder. Certain
it is that the earliest seal of the house hitherto discovered has
the legend, " de Ponte Roberti ;" and it is worth noting that the
counter-seal contains a representation of the Abbey-church, with
a bridge of three arches close by.
The original endowment consisted of all the lands, tenements,
tenants, and services, which the founder held of Geoffry de St.
Martin and his heirs in the Rape of Hastings. Subsequent
benefactors gave, or the monks themselves purchased, other
manors and lands in the adjacent parishes of Pett, Guestling,
Icklesham, Playden, and Iden. One of the earliest benefactors
was Alicia, Countess of Eu, daughter of Adeliza, Queen of Henry
I. Other members of this noble family conferred lands in Snar-
gate, Worth, and Coombden, adjoining the Forest of Brightling,
Sedlescombe, and Ewhurst, together with a prebend in the
church of St. Mary of Hastings. Other lands were subsequently
acquired in Fairlight, Promhill, Catsfield, Dallington, Burwash,
Ivy church, Echingham, Sutton (now in Seaford), Hellingly,' Chid-
dingly, Waldron, Beckley, Mountfield, Bexhill, and many other
places. Among the benefactors, besides the De St. Martins and
the Earls of Eu, were the families of St. Leger, De Socknerse

ROBERTSBRIDGE. 121
(in Brightling — a branch of the St. Legers), Lunsford, De Pos-
singworth, De Herst, De Scotney, Alard, and De Abrincis. The
multitudinous deeds, &c, above referred to, contain records of
many law-suits in which the convent was concerned during
several centuries. The rights of the monks as to lands were
much infringed by neighbours with whose interests those of
the former clashed. Even (as Mr. Cooper thinks) their very
books were not safe, as there is in the Bodleian Library a MS.
bearing this inscription : — " This book belongs to St. Mary of
Robertsbridge : whosoever shall steal it, or sell it, or in any way
alienate it from this house, let him be anathema maranatha."
John, Bishop of Exeter, into whose hands the book fell, asserts
that he acquired it in a lawful way, and states that he does not
know " where the aforesaid house is !" For further interesting
particulars respecting the Abbey I must refer to Mr. Cooper's
elaborate paper ; but one or two facts deserve special mention.
Kings Edward I. and II. paid hasty visits to this monastery in
their journeys in the South.
In 1192, when it was understood that Richard Cceur de Lion
had been imprisoned on his return from Palestine, the Abbots
of Robertsbridge and Boxley were sent as lords-justices to ascer
tain the place of his detention. They travelled over great part
of Germany, and at last found him at large at Oxfer, in
Bavaria. This foundation suffered the common fate of religious houses
in 30th Henry VIIL, when its revenues amounted to more than
£270 — a large sum at the period, and probably representing
about £2,600 at the present value of money. Two years later
the site was granted to Sir William Sydney.* His successor,
Sir Henry Sydney, Knight of the Garter, and Lord-Deputy of
Ireland, was father of Sir Philip Sydney, the illustrious soldier
and scholar, author of the " Arcadia," and of Mary, who mar
ried Henry, Earl of Pembroke, the eminent lady immortalized
in the noble epitaph of Ben. Jonson, which cannot be too often
quoted : — " Underneath this marble hearse,
Lies the subject of all verse ;
Sydney's sister, Pembroke's mother ;
Death I 'ere thou hast slain another
Learned and fair, and good as she,
Time shall throw a dart at thee."
I have in my possession a MS. entitled " Rental of Lands,
appointed for the jointure of Mary, Countess of Pembroke, wife
of Henry, Earl of Pembroke, and daughter of the Right Honour
able Sir Henry Sydney, Knight of the Garter," &c. These
* Tanner (Xutitia) says that at the Dissolution the convent consisted of twelve
monks ; other authorities say that there were but nine, including the Abbot.

122 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
lands are mostly in the west of England, and in Wales ; but as
the MS. is bound up as the prefix of a much larger rental re
lating to Robertsbridge and other places in Sussex, Kent, and
Hampshire, I conceive that a portion, at least, of the possessions
of our abbey, became the property of the learned and beautiful
lady aforesaid. They were possessed by the Sydneys, Earls of
Leicester, until 1720, and in 1725 the property passed by pur
chase to Sir Thomas Webster, of Battle Abbey, at the cost of
£28,000. At a later period it belonged to the family of Allfrey;
but of the exact descent I have no particulars.
Of the few remains of this ancient Abbey, as now existing,
the principal architectural features are the crumbling walls of
the church in the farm-yard, and a kind of cottage farm-house,
beneath which is a crypt in good preservation, and a portion of
the refectory. In the church some members of the ancient
families of De Bodiam, Dalyngruge, Pelham, and others had
sepulture under stately tombs ; but these, alas ! have disappeared.
The utilitarian age which succeeded the Reformation consigned
them to viler uses, and the few relics which survive to our age
are but the meagre debris of good medieval art. The mutilated
effigy of the once potent founder of Bodiam Castle, Sir Edward
Dalyngruge, dug up in 1823, is now in the Museum at Lewes
Castle. When, about the year 1830, I first visited this venerable
site, I found, and preserved sketches of, several mutilated carved
stones, with crosses, &c, together with an inscription to Wil
liam Bodiam, of very early date, probably of the 13th century ;
the arms and " buckle " of the family of Pelham, and several
other heraldric remains. On my next visit, a few years later, I
found that most of these had been broken up for the mending
of neighbouring roads !
The Robertsbridge estate during the proprietorship of the
Sydneys possessed several iron and steel works ; and furnace
ponds and forge ponds are mentioned in the MS. above referred
to. [S. A. C. Iron works, iii, 241, 246. xviii, 15. Visit of Edward I., ii,
141. Ditto of Edward II., vi, 44. The Abbey, viii, 141. xvii, 55. xviii,
71. xix, 13. The Abbot in Germany in search of Cceur de Lion ; Hay
family, xiv, 100. xv, 84. xx, 65. River Rother, xv, 152. Jack Cade's
adherents, xviii, 25. Glaziers' iron works, xviii, 16. Dalyngruge effigy,
xii, 223. xviii, 71. London road to Rye, xix, 166.]

RODMELL.
Domesday, Ramelle ; a parish on the Ouse, in the Hundred of Holm-
strow ; Rape of Lewes ; distant 3^ miles south from Lewes, which
is its Post-town and Railway station. Union, Newhaven. Popu-

RODMELL. 123
lation in 1811, 291 ; in 1861, 292. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at
£375 ; Patron, the Bishop of Chichester ; Incumbent, Rev. Peter
de Putron, M.A., of Pembroke College, Oxford. Date of earliest
Parish Register, 1704. Acreage, 1,924. Chief Landowner, the
Earl of Abergavenny, who possesses nearly the entire parish.
The first syllable was formerly spelt Bad, and doubtless
had reference to the military road, " Ermin-street," which
passed through it. Domesday informs us that Harold held the
manor, and that after the Conquest William de Warenne had
it in domain, and was assessed for 64 hides. There were a church,
11 salt-pans (probably on the estuary of the Ouse), and a wood
of 23 hogs. Forty-four houses in Lewes belonged to the manor,
which extended much beyond the boundaries of the modern
parish. It was granted by John de Warenne to Edward II., and
subsequently belonged to a family who called themselves from
it, De Radmeld. Sir Ralph Radmeld married, early in the fif
teenth century, Margaret, co-heiress of her brother Hugh, second
Lord Camoys, of Broadwater. His grandson, Sir William Rad-
myld, died without issue, when the property reverted to his two
aunts, Elizabeth and Margaret. The latter married John
Goring, Esq., of Burton, who died in 1495. After nine gener
ations this, the elder line of Goring, terminated in Anne Goring,
who married Richard Biddulph, Esq., of Biddulph Castle, co.
Stafford, whose elder line became extinct by the death of John
Biddulph, Esq., of Burton, in 1835. On his decease Thomas
Stonor, Esq., of Stonor, co. Oxon, claimed as the heir of his
great grandmother, Mary Biddulph, the barony of Camoys,
which he obtained in 1839, after it had been in abeyance 413
years. In 27th Henry VllL George, Lord Abergavenny, died
possessed of Rodmell, which still belongs to his descendant, the
Earl of Abergavenny. Northease, another manor, also belonged
to the De Warennes, and has, probably in the same line, passed
like Rodmell to the Earl of Abergavenny. It had a chapel of
chancel and nave, 55 feet in length, some of the masonry of
which, with mural paintings and carved oak, remained in the
early part of the last century. The ancient lords of Rodmell
had a park, of which the name now only exists. Hall Place, or
Rodmell Place, was bought, in 1586, of Edward Breeds by John
de la Chambre, Esq., of the Litlington family, whose descendants
were in possession in 1690. The house, which had traces of
considerable magnificence, was probably built by John de la
Chambre, whose arms were to be seen before its demolition,
some 30 years since, over the entrance of the porch. It after
wards passed to the families of Montague and Toghill, and of
the latter it was purchased by the Saxbys, who resold it to the
Earl of Abergavenny.

124 HISTORY OF SUSSEX
On a beautiful slope of the Downs, southward of the village,
are evident traces of a pre-historic hamlet or village of some
kind, with several small barrows.
The church (St. Peter) is a small building, of chancel, nave,
with south aisle, west tower, and quadrangular shingled spire.
On the south side of the high chancel is another, which was
formerly attached to the manor of Rodmell. The building has
Transition-Norman features, especially in its " diamond frette"
chancel arch, and in a curious hagioscope. Additions have been
made in the Early English and Perpendicular styles, and the
whole building has been restored by the present Rector. There
are memorials for individuals ofthe families of Scottowe, Grundy,
Griffiths, Gabbitas (rectors), Alchorne, Montague, &c. There
is also a brass plate for a benefactress to the church, &pff)a
iStofee, wife of John Broke, and daughter of John de Rade-
melde, date 1433. The other side of the plate has an inscrip
tion for John de la Chambre, Esq., 1673. For a notice of
Henry Godman, ejected from the rectory of this church, temp.
Charles II., see " Worthies of Sussex," p. 328.
[S. A. C. John Newman, clerk, a delinquent, v, 39. De la Chambre
family, xiii, 258. Roswell, xiv, 254. Manor rents, xiv, 263. Bells, xvi, 221.
Jack Cade's insurrection, xviii, 176. Burials in woollen, xviii, 190-193.
Brookside, xviii, 191. Shingles on church roof, xix, 42. Gorings had lands
here, xix, 100. London road to Newhaven, xix, 164, Northease, xix, 164.
Grovers of Northease, xx, 90.]

ROGATE.
A long, straggling parish, in the Hundred of Dumpford ; Rape of Chi
chester; distant four miles east from Petersfield, its Post-town and
Railway station. Union, Midhurst. Population in 1811, 595 ; in
1861, 990. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £212 ; Patron, the Lord
Chancellor; Incumbent, Rev. John Simeon Barrow, M.A. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1558. Acreage, 4,873. Seats, Rogate Lodge,
Mrs. Wyndham ; Fairoak, Hon. J. Jervis Carnegie ; and Fyning
House, J. W. Whitelock, Esq.
This parish, which joins Hampshire on the west, lies on the
Western Rother, which is crossed by Habenbridge, a structure
of five arches. It is full of varied and picturesque scenery of
almost every kind, particularly the spot called Harting Combe,
the western termination of the Weald, behind which the chalk
hills of Surrey meet the western range of the South Downs, and
form a kind of amphitheatre of wonderful beauty. Rogate, at
the time of the Domesday survey, was part of the great lord
ship of Harting, and it is probable that a fourth hamlet or parish

ROTHERFIELD. 125
formerly existed here, called North Harting, in contradistinction
to South, East, and West Harting. This idea is supported by
the tradition that a church formerly stood here. Temp. Edward
II. the manor belonged to the great family of Camoys, from
whom it descended to the Radmylds, and to the Lewknors.
Henry VHI. granted it to William, Earl of Southampton. After
many changes it came, in the earlier part of the present century,
to Lewis Buckle, Esq., of the Westmorland family. Fyning was
possessed in the 16th. century by Peter Bettesworth, and re
mained with his descendants for six generations, who also held
Milland in Trotton, and Chithurst. On an eminence above the
Rother are some vestiges of a fortified residence within a fosse,
but of its origin nothing seems to be known. At Rake, in this
parish, built into the front of a small house, is a large armorial
stone, with the shield and supporters of the Lords Grey of
Werke, which was brought from Up-park.
The church (St. Bartholomew) is small and ancient, with traces
of Norman work. John Bonville of Halnaker, 9th Henry VII.,
gave to the Brotherhood of St. Katherine and St. -Blaise in this
church, 13s. 4d., to buy two kine to secure the prayers of the
guild for ever.
In this parish is Dtjreford Abbey, an account of which is
given in another article.
[S. A. C. Church, xii, 76. Ancient Brotherhood, xv, 61. Bells, xvi,
221. River Rother, xvi, 259. Rogate, xviii, 94. Fyning House, xix, 169.
Road from Midhurst to Winchester, xix, 169.]

ROTHERFIELD.

Vulgo, Rudderful ; a parish in the Hundred of its own name ; Rape of
Pevensey ; distant seven miles south from Tunbridge Wells, its Post-
town. There is a Railway station in the parish, at Jarvis Brook.
Union, Uckfield. Population in 1811, 2,122 ; in 1861, 3,413. Bene
fice, a Rectory, valued at £1,354 ; Patron, the Earl of Abergavenny ;
Incumbent, Rev. Alfred Child, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1539. Acreage, 14,733. Chief
Landowners, Earl of Abergavenny, R. B. Fry, Esq., J. Scott, Esq.,
and the Goldsmiths' Company of London.
This very extensive and important parish, historically and
picturesquely interesting, respectively to the archaeologist and
the artist, occupies an elevated district, Crowborough, within its
limits, being one of the loftiest spots in the county, and possess
ing some historical associations. (See Ceowbokough.) In Saxon
times it was known as Ritheramfeld and Redrefeld, from the
circumstance that the river Rother rises here. Rotherfield is,
perhaps, the principal watershed in this part of England, for,

126 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
from a commanding spot, it sends its waters to three rivers, the
Rother, debouching at Rye ; the Ouse, which has its outlet at
Newhaven ; and the Medway, which, joining the Thames, flows
into the German Ocean. The first-named river rises in the cellar
of the residence called Rother-House. When the Ouse joined
the English Channel at Seaford, before the formation of the
" New-Haven " at the village previously known as Meeching,
that river bore the alias . of Saforda, and Rotherfield, although
contributing only a small stream to it, is described as " upon the
river Saforda " ( Super fluvium Saforda) in very early documents.
Riderfeld was at an early period the possession of a Saxon Dux,
or chieftain, called Bertoaldus, who falling sick, and being in
curable by neighbouring physicians, went to the great monastery
of St. Denis and St. Elutherius, near Paris, whose bones were
working mighty marvels for diseased persons. Here being fully
restored to health, he procured a few of their holy relics, brought
them to Rotherfield and dedicated a church to St. Denis, in 792,
which dedication still remains, and the older inhabitants of
Rotherfield remember the legend of their patron : —
" Saint Denis had his head cut off ;
He did not care for that ;
He took it up and carried it
Two miles without a hat 1"
Among the " folk-lore " of the district is the notion that the
women of this parish, being often taller than those of the neigh
bourhood, possess an additional pair of ribs ! Such witticisms
abound in this part of Sussex, but to return to sober history,
the vill of Ritherhamfeld was bequeathed by King Alfred to
his kinsman Osforth. The next mention we have of it is in
Domesday, where we learn that Earl Godwin was lord, and that
it was taxed for only three hides, the remainder having probably
been (as it long afterwards was) in the condition of unprofitable
forest land. There were, however, 26 ploughlands, and in de
mesne four more, with 14 villeins, with 6 borderers owning
14 ploughs. There were a park (See Fkant), and a wood of 40
hogs. In the time of Edward the Confessor it was worth £16,
but afterwise realized £30. From 18th Edward 1. to 8th Edward
II. the manor was held by the noble family of De Clare. After
wards it was in the possession ofthe Le Despencers, from whom
it passed to the Beauchamps, Earls of Warwick, and so to the
Nevilles, with whom it has remained, in the same line as Eridge,
the Earl of Abergavenny being the present lord. Rotherfield
rectory is another manor, and is sometimes called Dowlands.*
* William Dowland, several centuries since, is said to have endowed the church
with this manor, the demesne of which was 366 acres. The glebe is now estimated
at 110 acres, but the rector is charged with £100 per annum for the newly- formed
district of Eridge-Green.

ROTHERFIELD. 127
Alchorne, a third manor, gave name to a family, formerly of
considerable importance in Sussex. They resided at Rotherfield
temp. King John, and their descendants, now chiefly in humble
life, are still numerous in the county, under the name of Aurora
and hWchin! The heraldic visitation of 1634 mentions the exis
tence of the ancient coat of the Alchornes in the church. A
gentle family named Luck were connected with the parish during
the 16th and two following centuries. The family of Fermor,
originally from Pica.rdy, in the reign of Edward III., were
among the principal inhabitants, and dwelt at Welches or
Walshes for more than two hundred years. The manor derived
its name from the family of Walsh, who were afterwards of
Horeham in Waldron. The original house was on a different
site from the present, and a moated enclosure remains. The
present house was built by Alexander Fermor, and Elizabeth
Fowle, his wife, in the 16th century. Over the hall door, when
I last visited it, were their initials, Ax. F. and E. F., with the date
1551. The names of Luck and Fowle are still existing in East
Sussex, but in a lower social position. For the Fermors, Baro
nets, see art. Ceowboeotjgh. Walshes was some time in the
family of Moon, and Mr. Robert Burgess Fry was lately pro
prietor. Mr. Fry had a minor manor within the precincts of
Ashdown Forest, or Lancaster Great Park, which he held of the
Duchy of Lancaster by fealty, and the payment of two roses,
emblematical, perhaps, of the Lancastrian badge. A few years
since, and perhaps still, the representative of the Duchy made
a periodical visit to the old farm or manor-house, and snipped
off two roses from a tree in front of the building, which he put
into a button-hole of his coat, and walked away.
The history of Rotherfield church is interesting : it dates, as
we have seen, from a. d. 792. When the Dux Bertoald founded
it, he made a charter (see Monasticon) describing it as "the
church which I have constructed on my estate in the vill called
Ridrefelda, which I have inherited from my ancestors ;" and he
adds that, if any one shall attempt to seize, diminish, or usurp,
anything from the monks (of St. Denis) he will have to answer
to Almighty God, the King of Ages, when He shall come in His
majesty and that of His holy angels, and when the wicked will
go into everlasting punishment, &c. From the Monasticon (vi,
1053) it appears that the French monks founded a small convent
as a cell to their house in connection with this church, or rather
with Frant, which was then dependent on the mother church of
Rotherfield. (Hussey's " Churches," 276.) This establishment,
however, appears to have been of no importance, and, apparently,
it did not survive the Norman Conquest ; for either temp. Wil
liam I. or II., Earl Gilbert de Clare gave this church to Roch-

128 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
ester cathedral. The present building, occupying a commanding
height, is a beautiful object in the scenery of the district. It
has, what is very unusual in Sussex, an embattled tower sur
mounted by a shingled spire, which is light and of elegant pro
portions. It is of rather large size, with Early English and
later features, and contains five bells, the tenor of which is sup
posed to weigh 36 cwt. ; two of the others have inscriptions in
Old English characters. There are memorials to the names of
Fowle, Threele, Vintner, Luxford, Wickham, Fermor, &c. The
chancel contains sedilia and a piscina, and on the north side of
it is a chapel which formerly belonged to the noble family of
Neville, with their arms and cognizances. The walls were an
ciently painted, and a representation of the martyrdom of St.
Lawrence is now visible. There are interesting churchwardens'
accounts dating from the reign of Henry VIII.
[S. A. C. Iron-works at, ii, 215. Domesday watermill, v, 271. Fowle
family, ii, 54. xi, 12. xiv, 228. xvi, 30. Cheese, xiii, 229, note. King
Alfred's will, xiii, 241. Early incumbents, xiii, 306. Source ofthe river.
Rother, and of a branch of the Ouse, xv, 151. xvi, 272. xv, 161. Moon
of Walshes, xvi, 48. Church bells, xvi, 141, 221, 206. Four of the Cat
family steal the Archbishop's deer, xvii, 120. Shingles on church, xix, 42.]

ROTTINGDEAN.

Domesday, Rotingedene ; a parish in the Hundred of Younsmere ; Rape
of Lewes ; distant four miles east from Brighton, its Post-town. The
Railway stations of Brighton and Falmer are each distant about four
miles. Union, Newhaven. Population in 1811, 559; in 1861,1,016;
Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £332 ; Patron, the Earl of Aber
gavenny ; Incumbent, Rev. Arthur Thomas, M. A., of Trinity Col
lege, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1558. Acreage,
3,630. Seats, Wottondean, Mrs. Strangways. The late Charles Beard,
Esq., owner of much land in the district, also resided here.
The parish lies entirely upon the South Downs, and has a
cliff frontage on the English Channel. It takes its final syl
lable from one of the numerous denes or valleys, which afford
so graceful a variety to the Downs. The village is in the dene,
and contains several agreeable residences. Many sea-side visi
tors frequent it in summer. The sea encroaches considerably,
and within the memory of man it has been necessary to form three
roads in the direction of Brighton, each previous one having
given way to these incursions of the ocean. An indent or " gap,"
in the cliff which terminates' the dene, once afforded the French
facilities for landing hrefeT This was in 1377, and Capgrave, the
old chronicler, gives the following account of the event : — " In

ROTTINGDEAN. 129
the same yere they londed in Southsex fast by a town cleped
Rotyngdene, and ageyn him went the Prior of Lewes (John de
Cher lieu), and there he was taken, and with him two knytes,
Sir Jon Fallisle (Fawseley of Hamsey), and Sir Thomas Cheyne,
and a sqwyere, Jon Brocas (of Sherrington)." This little battle,
which Lord Berners calls " a sore scrimysshe," took place on
the Downs in the direction of Lewes, that town being the object
which the invaders had in view. A hundred Englishmen lost
their lives, but the vigorous efforts of the Lewes army repulsed
the Frenchmen, who gained no other booty than the Prior, the
two knights, and the squire, from whom however they probably
extorted heavy ransoms.
At the epoch of Domesday, Rottingdean was held by one
Hugh of William de Warenne ; it had previously been in the
possession of Earl Godwin. The manor was included in the
great grant of the Earl of Warenne to Edward II. Since 1738
it has belonged to the Earls of Abergavenny. Balsdean, another
manor, was part of the estates of Lewes Priory. In 1st of Eliza
beth Thomas Gratwicke was lord, and it was subsequently in
the hands of the Shirleys and Burrells : it now belongs to
the Beard family. This family is one of the oldest in the South
Down district, and the name has been associated with Rotting
dean for some centuries. The old manorial chapel of Balsdean
has long been desecrated, and is now used as a stable. It has
slight Norman and Decorated features. Pebbles of chalcedony
and agate from the sea shore of this parish are turned to account
by the lapidary.
The church (St. Margaret), though Early English, seems to
stand on Norman foundations. At present the building consists
of nave, chancel, and central tower with pyramidal cap, and a
south aisle, lately rebuilt ; the church was restored in 1 855.
There are memorials for the names of Beard, Pelling, Savage,
&c. A mural monument commemorates the Rev. Thomas Red
man Hooker, D.D., who was vicar here for many years, and pre
pared for the Universities many young men, who became in the
lapse of time eminent for their learning and abilities. Among
them may be named the late Duke of Wellington and Archbishop
Manning. [S. A. C. Enamelled copper found at, v, 105. Church, ix, 67. Pendrell
of, x, 189. French invasion, xii, 42. xiii, 233. Beard family, xiii, 126.
xvi, 79. Tumulus at, xv, 243. Bell, xvi, 222. Goring of, xix, 100. New
haven to Shoreham, xix, 164.]

VOL. II.

130 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
RUDGEWICK ; sometimes written Rudgwick.
Vulgo, Ridgick ; a parish in the Hundred of West Easwrith ; Rape of
Arundel ; distant seven miles north-west from Horsham, its Post-
town ; it has a Railway station on the Horsham and Guildford
branch. Union, Petworth. Population in 1811, 837; in 1861, 1,068.
Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £260 ; Patron, the Bishop of Chi
chester ; Incumbent, Rev. B. J. Drury, B.A., of Lincoln College,
Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1539.- Acreage, 5,830.
Chief Landowners, the Duke of Norfolk, John King, Esq., Captain
Bunny, and John Napper, Esq.
The name of this considerable parish, as Dallaway observes,
is taken from the elevated position of its village, the Anglo-
Saxon Rig-wic. The subsoil is sandstone, and in some parts
there are beds of Horsham stone. The parish includes a con
siderable amount of woodland. The village stands upon a
pleasant eminence with an extensive prospect. Several nouses
near the churchyard are within the manor of Polingfold, in
Ewhurst, Surrey. (Dallaway.) The manor of Dedisham, in
Slinfold, extends over a large part of the parish. Belonging to
this manorial estate there was anciently a large iron foundry
(with a hammer-pond), which according to tradition was de
stroyed after the taking of Arundel Castle by Sir William Waller,
who dispatched a party of soldiers for that purpose, when the
iron-master and several others were killed. (Dallaway.) A
similar destruction of iron-works by Waller's troops is said to
have taken place in St. Leonard's Forest. The manor of Hope,
which included the estates of Ockenden and Howick, was
granted by Henry VIII. to the family of Caryll, and passed
through the families of Shelley and Goring to the present owner.
King Henry III., in the 44th year of his reign, granted a charter
to Alard le Fleming to hold a fair in Rudgewick on the eve,
feast, and morrow of the Holy Trinity, to whom the church is
dedicated. The principal estate in Rudgewick was for many
generations possessed by the old Sussex family of Naldrett, and
is called Naldrett Place. The estate ultimately descended, in
the last century, after several lawsuits, to the family of Piggott.
The church was in ancient times endowed with 63 acres of
arable and woodland, and the impropriator has an ecclesiastical
manor. In the fifteenth century Edmund Mille, Esq., founded
a chantry of St. Christopher, called for some reason the Salmon
Chantry, in Arundel Church, the revenues of which were prin
cipally derived from this impropriation. The following is the
description given of the church of Rudgewick in 1832 : — " The
church is situated upon the ridge, and is of a better construction
than most others in this division of the county. It consists of

ROUGHEY. RUMBOLDSWYKE. 131
a nave, divided from a north aisle by a pointed arcade, with
labelled windows, in which remains of richly stained glass are
still seen. The tower at the west end is large, and likewise the
chancel, which has demonstrations of an earlier era. In it are
three stone stalls, or sedilia, with plain, round arches and an
embattled top ; and likewise a table tomb, at this time illegible."
(Rape of Arundel, p. 388.) The building is dedicated to the Holy
Trinity, and there are six modern bells.
[S. A. C. Church of, xii, 98. Naldrett, xvi, 50. River Arun, xvi, 256.
Honey-lane and Rowhook, xix, 158.]

ROUGHEY. (See Horsham, of which it is a small hamlet.)
RUMBOLDSWYKE.
Domesday, Wiche ; vulgo, Week; a small parish in the Hundred of Box
and Stockbridge ; Rape of Chichester ; distant one mile from Chi
chester, its Post-town and Railway station. Union, West Hamp
nett. Population in 1811, 269 ; in 1861, 582. Benefice, a Vicarage,
valued at £246 ; Patrons, Dean and Chapter of Chichester; Incum
bent, Rev. Stenning Johnson, B.A., of Merton College, Oxford.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1669. Acreage, 645.
This parish, rather populous for its area, includes the
" Hornet," a suburb of Chichester. It was part of the earldom
of Roger de Montgomeri, and passed to the De Albini family,
and from them to the Fitz-Alans. In much later times John,
Lord Lumley, possessed it, and it passed, as Stanstead, to Lewis
Way, Esq. Another manor was held by the Knights-Hospi
tallers. Henry VHI. granted this to Sir Thomas White. In
23rd Elizabeth, Francis Bowyer held it of the Crown, and since
that date it has belonged successively to Cawley, Farrington,
Barwell, Dally, and Padwick.
The church is said to be dedicated to St. Rumbold, and there
are two Rumwolds in the Roman calendar; but I think this
ascription rests only upon a presumption founded on the name
ofthe parish. Rumbold is much likelier to have been the Saxon
proprietor than the patron saint. The building is small, consist
ing of chancel and nave, with bell-turret at the west end. This
church is one of the Dean's Peculiars. In 1866 the building
was enlarged by the addition of an aisle ; and during the re
pairs traces of Roman tiles, probably from Regnum (Chichester),
and herringbone work, were disclosed. The original church was
in all probability pre-Norman.
[S. A. C. Bell, xvi, 222. Roman urns found at, xvii, 255. Knights
Hospitallers' lands, xx, 27.]
k 2

132 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
RUSHLAKE-GREEN.
A hamlet of Warbleton.

RUSPER.
A parish in the Hundred of Singlecross ; Rape of Bramber ; distant five
miles north-east from Horsham, its Post-town. Railway station,
Faygate, distant about three miles. Union, Horsham. Population
in 1811, 450; in 1861, 590. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £202 ;
Patroness, Mrs. Greene ; Incumbent, Rev. Henry James Gore, M A.,
of Merton College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1560.
Acreage, 3,126. Chief Landowners, Robert Henry Hurst, Esq.,
M.P., and Messrs. Broadwood. Seat, Nunnery, G. Gossett Hill, Esq.
This is a well-wooded parish on the Forest Ridge, the village
street forming the watershed of tributaries of the Mole and the
Arun. The farms are small, and some of the yeomanry are of
considerable antiquity. According to tradition the family of
Mutton have possessed the lands called Normans from the Con
quest. A gentry family named Gardiner resided here in the
16th and 17th centuries. Lands bearing their name now belong
to what is called Dog Smith's charity.
A Nunnery dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene existed in this
parish. It was founded in or before the 12th century, as Mr.
Way supposes, by one of the De Braose family, among whose
vast possessions Rusper was included. It was of the Benedictine
rule, and the constituents were called Moniales Nigrae. Seffrid
II., Bishop of Chichester (1180-1204), confirmed to the sisterhood
the churches of Rusper, Warnham, Ifield, and Selham. About
1231, John de Braose augmented the possessions by the gift of
the church of Horsham. No other endowments appear to have
been made, and the establishment fell into poverty and decay.
In 1484 it is described as in a state of ruin, though this was not
literally the case, as the revenues amounted at the Dissolution
in 1535 to £39 14s. 6d. What remained of the conventual
buildings was soon after destroyed. Queen Elizabeth granted
the site to John Cowper, and it was subsequently the property of
a family of Stone, one of whom in 1717 sold it to Sir Isaac Shard,
a person so proverbially avaricious, that Hogarth introduced his
portrait into his picture, " The Miser's Feast." His son, ayoung
man of spirit, called on the painter, and drawing his sword cut
a hole.in the canvas. " Nunnery " was held by this family until
William Shard, Esq., aliened it in 1791. After passing through
several hands it was purchased by Thomas Sanctuary, Esq.,
High Sheriff, in 1 830. Many interesting documents relating to.

RUNTINGTON. RUSTINGTON. 133
this establishment have been printed by Mr. Way, S. A. C, Vol.
v. The house built on the site of the Nunnery was a timbered
structure, and a view of it, by Grimm, is given in S. A. C. v., 250.
The present house is modern. In 1840 a beautiful enamelled
chalice ofthe 12th or 13th century was discovered with human
remains, presumed to be those of a Prioress, within the ambit
of the Nunnery.
In 1450 the commons of Rowesparre, under Thomas Walter,
and John Styles, and Thomas Bartelot, " gentilmen," rose in
favour of Jack Cade.
The church (St. Mary), principally ofthe 14th century, consists
of nave, aisles, chancel, and massive embattled tower. The body
ofthe edifice was rebuilt in 1855, at the expense ofthe Broad-
wood family. In the nave are two brasses — -the first for ^oijtt
it i^ggocsfolrj, and glgrtes his wife, with small half-length figures
(14th century) — the other for CijO. ©fjallonet, and JBlatgaret, his
wife (1532). Mr. Challoner is mentioned among the tenants of
the Prioress. There are later memorials for the families of
Wood, Broadwood, Priaulx, Chandler, Gardiner, Wallis, Stone,
Ede, &c.
[S. A. C. Priory of, v, 244 {Way). Enamelled chalice, ix, 303 {Way),
Borers, xi, 80. Church, xii, 108. Matthew, Stanbridge, and Steer.
Quakers, xvi, 69. Bells, xvi, 222. River Mole, xvi, 269. Urrey of, xvii,
21. Jack Cade's rising abetted by four "gentilmen" of Rusper, xviii, 29.
Cross found at, xviii, 209.

RUNTINGTON.
A small hamlet in Heathfield.

RUSTINGTON.

A parish in the Hundred of Poling ; Rape of Arundel ; distant 1-|- mile
east from Littlehampton, its Post-town. Its Railway station is
Angmering, close by. Union, East Preston. Population in 1811,
292; in 1861, 340. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £159. Patron,
the Bishop of Chichester ; Incumbent, Rev. Henry John Rush, M.A.,
of Worcester College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register,
1568. Acreage, 1,287. Chief Landowners, Mrs. Gratwicke, Mrs.
Penfold, and Thomas Bushby, Esq.
It is a fertile agricultural parish, and contains several ex
cellent private residences. The manor is mentioned in Domes
day under (West) Prestetune. It was a constituent part of the
barony of Midhurst, and as such belonged to the great family
of De Bohun. From them it passed by heirs female to the Lesleys,

134 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Barfords, and Cookes, down to about the beginning of the 16th
century, and was divided into Eastcourt aud Westcourt. After
a great variety of changes of ownership it became the property
of Charles, Duke of Norfolk, who in 1790 sold it to William
Gratwicke, Esq., of Ham, in whose representatives it still vests.
Prestetune itself belonged, before the Conquest, to a freewoman
named Ulveva. It was subsequently held by Bohun, Tregoz,
Lewknor, and Dawtrey, and in 1560 Thomas Baker, the maternal
grandfather of the illustrious John Selden, was possessor. Later
proprietors have been Alderton, Willes, Dawtrey, and Bushby
of Arundel. Another estate passed through the families of
Upperton, Barwick, Gratwicke, and Campion, and was purchased
in 1810 by E. G. Penfold, Esq.
The church (St. Peter and St. Paul) is described by Hussey
as " a good church, of chancel, north and south aisles (an addition
to the east end of the former making a kind of transept), a heavy
western tower, and north and west porches." He indicates
Transition-Norman, Early English, and Perpendicular features.
There are several details which deserve the notice ofthe ecclesi-
ologist. The edifice had fallen into disrepair, but the zeal and
benevolence of the present incumbent and some friends, have
recently brought about a judicious restoration, and put the whole
parish into "good repair."
f S. A. C. Encaustic tile, iii, 238. Arms of Cooke, ix, 365. Church
to Nunnery of Lyminster, xi, 118. Church, xii, 98. Holy-bread lands,
xiv, 156 — for the meaning of this term see vol. vi, p. 244. Bell, xvi, 222.
Belonged to the Lords of Arundel and the Bohuns, xx, 1, 2.]

RYE.
A borough, market-town, and parish in the Hundred of Goldspur ; Rape
of Hastings ; distant nine miles north-east from Hastings, having
a Railway station on the South Eastern line. Union, Rye. Population
in 1811, 2,681; in 1861, 4,228. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £410;
Patron, the Duke of Devonshire ; Incumbent, Rev. Barrington S.
Wright, M.A. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1538. Acreage,
2,313. Seats, Leash am-h ouse, Major Edward Barrett Curteis ;
Mountsfield, J. F. Plomley, Esq.
Eye is in many respects one of the most interesting towns
in East Sussex. The name is probably derived from the old
Norman rive, Latin ripa, a bank, which well describes its geo
graphical character. It is near the eastern extremity of Sussex,
and its situation near the mouth of the Eastern Rother has
always given it some degree of commercial importance. It was
not originally one of the Cinque-Ports, but in the early Norman

RYE. 135
period it was added, with its sister-town of Winchelsea, to that
ancient league, the two being designated "nobiliora membra
Quinque Portuum," and ranking next in order to the five original
ports. In every other respect it has for centuries been regarded
as equal to the original five ports. As an actual port for com
merce it is the best of the series, most of which, be it said, are
no longer ports at all. Some topographers have, without foun
dation, made it the Portus Novus of Ptolemy. The position of
the town is somewhat grand and romantic, and from some points
of view its fine old church becomes a kind of Acropolis. On
entering Rye, the visitor is struck with its medieval appearance ;
narrow streets, paved with small boulders like " petrified kid
neys," and antique gabled houses being its chief characteristics.
That it was originally insulated appears pretty clear, as the
surrounding alluvial soil must have been deposited by salt and
fresh water. Of the antiquity of the town . we can only guess
from inferences, but as it was seated on the Rother, more
anciently known as the Limene, and having its outfall much
farther to the east, in the neighbourhood of Hythe in Kent, it
must have been of some importance for shipmen as early at least
as the time of the first Norsemen and Danes. We are told in
the Saxon Chronicle, under the year 893, that 250 Danish ships
entered the Limene, and in the year 1822 a discovery was made
at Northiam, at a place not far from the present navigable river
Rother, which helps to illustrate this point. A ship, pre
sumed to have been one of this fleet, was discovered deeply
imbedded in ten feet of mud and sand. She was 65 feet
long and 14 feet wide, with cabin and forecastle, and on
board of her were found a human skull, a pair of goat's horns,
a poinard, the bricks of a fire-hearth, several square ornamental
glazed tiles, some pottery, several pairs of shoes or sandals, and
many other relics. For speculations on the ancient condition of
Rye and its port, see Dugdale's " History of Imbanking," and
the late Mr. William Holkoway's " History of Rye." The hun
dred or manor of which the town formed part, is called in
Domesday Staneings, and like Winchelsea and several other
places in Sussex, was given by the Confessor to the Norman
abbey of Fecamp, and so continued till 1267, when Henry III.
resumed possession, giving the monks in exchange the manor of
Cheltenham in the county of Gloucester, and other lands. Rye,
like most of our southern ports, has been honoured by several
royal visits. King John was there ; so were Edward III., Henry
VII., Henry VIII., and Elizabeth. The virgin queen was re
ceived with so much loyalty that she called the town "Rye
Royal," on the same occasion that she re-christened Winchelsea
as *" Little London." This was in 1573, and, on her entrance

136 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
to the town, being thirsty, she stopped at a little way-side well,
and drank. The place is still existing, and is called ^ueen
Elizabeth's spring. A quaint old stone commemorates the event.
Charles II. was there too, and so were the two first Georges,
all detained by stress of weather. The rooms occupied by
George II. were in a house at the south-west corner of Middle-
street. John Fletcher, the celebrated coadjutor of Beaumont
the dramatist, was son of Richard Fletcher, vicar of Rye, after
wards Bishop of Bristol, and was born here in 1579. The town
was fortified with a stone wall, at an early period ; and need
enough,* for it was several times attacked by the French, par
ticularly in the reigns of Richard II. and Henry VI. In the
former reign, 1377, the enemy landed with five vessels, and
after having plundered the town, set it on fire. With his cus
tomary exaggeration, the chronicler Stowe, asserts that " within
five hours they brought it wholly into ashes, with the church,
that then was there of a wonderful beauty, conveying away foure
of the richest of that towne prisoners, and slaying sixty-six,
left not above eyght in the towne " — total population 78 \ Among
other spoils they carried off 42 hogsheads of wine. It is matter
of congratulation, however, that the church, though some of its
masonry has marks of fire, was but slightly injured. In 1447,
on the second irruption, the town records are supposed to have
been burnt. In the reign of Edward VI., 37 hoys are said to
have left the haven at one tide, "and never an Englishman among
them." Rye suffered greatly in the 16th and 17th centuries
from visitations of the plague and small-pox, which destroyed
many hundreds of the inhabitants. In 1562, on the breaking
out of the war in France between the Romanists and Huguenots,
when Elizabeth sent out a large armament to support the latter,
600 soldiers sailed from Rye. The history of this war is so well
known as to require here no further reference. Rye afterwards
became a place of refuge for the harassed Huguenots, and no less
than 500 were soon collected here, so that provision could hardly
be made for the support of this sudden accession to the popula
tion. After the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 641 refugees
entered the port, many remaining here, who had separate reli
gious services, it is supposed in the old chapel of the Augustine
Friars, under a Huguenot ministry. Some of the settlers were
Flemings and Walloons. Jeake says that in 1582 there were
1,534 French refugees, though only a few of these can have
settled here. In 1682 the Huguenots were permitted to have
separate services in the parish church. At length, in 1685, came
the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and Rye again received
many additional refugees. The parish register contains very
* The royal license for fortifying " La Rye" was dated 3rd March, 1369.

RYE. 137
numerous entries of their births and burials. Many of the des
cendants remain in and about Rye, but with names so translated,
misspelt, and Anglicized, that it is difficult to identify them.
The names, however, of the Hamons, Taylors, Dansays, Guerins,
Jewins, Valloys, Mercers, Sivyers, Michells, Lyons, Neves,
Marrows, Tournays, Saverys, Reynoldses, Espinettes, Meryons,
Gastons, Bournes, Paines, and several others, have long been
denizened, in their corrupted orthography, in this part of Sussex.
The flagon used by the French congregation was presented in
1860, by the venerable historian of Rye, the late Mr. W. Holloway,
and his wife Sarah, nee Meryon, to the vicar and churchwardens,
and though only of lead, is still preserved among the utensils of
the Holy Communion in the parish church. For these and many
other details of the foreign Protestants of Rye, as a " city of
refuge," I am indebted to the very researchful paper of Mr.
W. Durrant Cooper, F.S.A., in the xiii. Vol. of the " Sussex
Collections." Besides the grand parish church, Horsfield mentions three
small ecclesiastical establishments in Rye ; the chapel of St. Clare ;
the chantry of St. Nicholas, both afterwards used for the deposit
.of ammunition,* and the house of the Friars Eremites of St.
Augustine, the chapel of which was also applied to secular uses.
Of the last we have little history. The parish church deserves
careful examination, as being among the largest and most inter
esting in Sussex. The earliest portions are the central tower,
the transepts, and the plain semi-circular arches opening into
them from the aisles of the nave. These are early Norman. In
both transepts are fragments of a Norman arcade, with the
zig-zag moulding. The nave is Transition-Norman. The chancel
has a chapel or a subsidary chancel on each side. The east
window is rich Perpendicular, filled with what Murray's " Hand
book of Kent and Sussex, p. 249," styles "Harlequin glass." A
common tradition makes the communion table one of the spoils
of the Spanish Armada, but it is certainly not older than temp.
William III. The north or St. Clare's chapel is Early English,
and it must have originally been very striking. The authority
just quoted complains that " it is impossible to speak too severely
of the present state of this beautiful chapel, desecrated, neg
lected, damp, and filled with ladders and fire-engines." It
might be added that lately (when I last saw it) it was also the
receptacle of a pillory and a " cucking-stool," which latter
shows that the " good wives " of Rye of yore were rather addicted
to scolding, and sometimes required a " ducking " in the river.
The south, or St. Nicholas' chapel, was long used as a school
room for the poor. The church clock, the bells of which are
* These were doubtless adjuncts to the parochial church.

138 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
struck by a pair of fat gilt cherubs, is said, like the commu
nion-table, to have been the gift of Queen Elizabeth, a statement
open to much doubt, though Mr. Octavius Morgan thinks it is
the most ancient clock in England still actually doing its work.
The big pendulum swinging below attracts the notice of the
stranger, as it seems as if intended to beat time to the services
of the sanctuary. Near the communion-table is a brass to a
civilian, 3Tf)0S. Canton, six times mayor of Rye, and thrice M.P.
for the borough, whose " courage, justice, and gravitie " are duly
noted. Within this church, tod, lies my old tried friend, Charles
Hicks, who was also six times mayor, and. whose straightforward
ness of character was not inferior to that of Hamon. The church
contains several good mural monuments, notably one for John
Wollett, Esq., with allegorical figures. Other records of the
dead relate to the families of Lamb, Slade, a quo the local anti
quary, George Slade Butler, Esq., F.S.A., Dansays, Haddock
Lawrence, Collett, Hay, Prosser, Davis, Dawes, Procter, Threele,
of Lewisham (now called Leasham), Miller, Pinkerton, Watson,
Brazier, Morris, Glazier, Francis, Barham, Hounsell, Butler,
Haffenden, Chatterton, Backhurst, Odiarne, Carleton, DurraDt,
Hope, Norton, Kennett, Grebbell, and many others " long to
rehearse," but see Mr. G. S. Butler, in Vol. xiii. of the " Sussex
Collections," where all the inscriptions in the church and church
yard are painstakingly recorded. In St. Clare's chancel is a
monument to Allen Grebble, Esq., a member of one of the
refugee families, and ten years mayor, who was assassinated in
the church-yard in 1742, by a "sanguinary butcher" named
Breeds, who slew him in mistake for his brother-in-law, Mr.
Thomas Lamb, against whom he had a grudge. Breeds was
hung in chains near the west end of the town, and the so-called
" chains," an iron frame-work, are still preserved as a relic.
The church contains eight bells, dated 1775, with quaint rhymed
inscriptions. Besides the church there are two ancient buildings in Rye.
The Land-gate, on the north-east of the town, is of noble pro
portions, and forms a picturesque object. When the town was
fortified, temp. Edwwrd III., there were two other approaches
called Vpres-gate, and Strand-gate, and a small postern at the
bottom of Conduit-hill, but these have all disappeared within
somewhat recent times, unless, indeed, the first-mentioned was
identical with the castellated building still standing on the south
east of the town, on a rocky eminence, overlooking the harbour,
and called Ypres Tower. It is a prevalent, but I believe un
founded, notion that this tower was named after William de
Ypres, Earl of Kent, temp. King Stephen. This is quite im
probable, since that noble is not known to have had any posses-

RYE. 139
sions in Rye, and, secondly, the architecture is of much later
date. It seems more likely to have received its name from a
family of Ypres who were inhabitants of Rye in the 14th and
15th centuries. The building, which is a strong square pile,
with a round tower at each angle, having been repaired, is now
used as the borough prison. Rye has returned members to
Parliament, as a borough by prescription, since 1369, and per
haps from an earlier date. By the Reform Act of 1832, the
number was reduced from two members to one, and in order to
return that one it was necessary to bring several ofthe adjacent
parishes within the borough limit. Among more recent repre
sentatives have been, besides numerous members of county fami
lies, Sir Arthur Wellesley, afterwards Duke of Wellington, and
another well-known soldier, Sir De Lacy Evans.
The history of the harbour has been given at large by Hors-
field and Holloway, from the time when Rye was an insulated
rock, until our own days, when the port is two miles from the
town. Besides the main river Rother, two unimportant streams
called the Brede and Tillingham-water, now reach the sea
through the harbour. Considerable fisheries exist here, and in
the last age smugglers carried on a profitable traffic. From
hence, during the French war, newspapers and correspondence
were clandestinely conveyed to the Emperor Napoleon.
Among other noteworthy inhabitants of Rye, were Samuel
Jeake, sen., and his son and grandson of the same names. The
former, born 1623, was a lawyer of eminence and learning, and
as I have elsewhere had occasion to say, " He was in politics a
roundhead, in religion a nonconformist, and in science almost
encyclopaedic." He was author of several works, including
a huge volume of arithmetic, of almost 700 folio pages, with
the learned title of " Logistikelogia," published under the aus
pices of the Royal Society ; but the book by which he will be
best remembered is his very valuable " Charters of the Cinque-
Ports," translated with notes in 1678, but not published until
1728. It is the text-book of the customs and liberties of the
Ports, and is very scarce. Mr. Jeake was a preacher, and was
much persecuted for his religious sentiments. To modern
notions it seems incompatible that this truly Christian man
should have addicted himself to Astrology and Alchemy ; but so
it was, and though he had full faith in what we now deem ortho
doxy, he like many others believed in these occult sciences, and
produced many horoscopes, which are still preserved. He died
in 1690. His only surviving child, the second Samuel Jeake,
was born in 1652, and at the age of 19 was acquainted with
all his father's studies, and even more. Less wise and more
superstitious was he than his father. He was, however, a

140 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
kindly Christian man, and full of schemes. One of these was
to marry Elizabeth, the accomplished daughter of Mr. Richard
Hartshorne, ex-master of the grammar-school of Rye, when she
had reached the mature age of 13£ years ! By this marriage he
had several children, one of whom, the third Samuel Jeake, like
wise dabbled in astrology, and was known by the vulgar as the
" conjuror," but by the more cultivated as " Counsellor Jeake."
He was also a mechanical genius, and invented an apparatus to
enable him to fly. His failure, however, was as great as that of
Icarus, though without the same unlucky result. See notices
of the Jeake family, in " Sussex Worthies," and Holloway's
" History of Rye." Bryan Twyne, the eminent scholar, was
appointed vicar of Rye in 1613, but was chiefly resident at
Oxford, of which university he was the champion. See " Sussex
Worthies," p. 185.
[S. A. C. Town seals, i, 18. xvii, 64. Capt. Cockram, mayor, v, 54, 73.
Royal visits, John, i, 135. Edward III., iv, 118. vi, 53. Henry VIII.,
vi, 53. Charles II., ibid. Georges I. and II. (vide supra.) Miller of, ix,40.
The Jeakes, various notices of, ix, 45. xiii, 57, 72, 74, 76, 78. Pillory and
cucking-stool, ix, 361 {Lower.) Tradesmen's tokens, x, 209. Cannon at,xi,
152. Atlas maritimus report, xi, 180. Charters of Cinque-Ports, xii, 159.
xiii, 76. Oxenbridge of, xii, 203. Plague at, xiii, 57. Town fortified, xiii,
113. Salt-works, xiii, 138. xvii, 30. Protestant refugees, xiii, 180. Vicars
and their patrons, and inscriptions in church and church-yard (Butler),
xiii, 270-301. French invasion, xiii, 271. Fletchers of, xiii, 277. Appear
ance of spirits in 1607 (Butler), xiv, 25. Agincourt, men at, xv, 133.
Rye and its inhabitants (Butler), xvii, 123. Church bells, xvi, 222. Har
bour, xvii, 134. Passage-book of Rye (W. D. Cooper), xviii, 170. Trial
of Breads the murderer of Mr. Grebble, xviii, 188. Whitfeld of, xix, 89.
Aliens temp. Henry VIII., xix, 149. Public roads, v, 193. xix, 155, 167.
Thomas Palmer's journal, xix, 202. Hays, M.P. of, xx, 223. Venetian
traffic to Rye, xx, 224.]

SADDLESCOMBE.

Now a farm-house merely, but formerly a Preceptory of
Knights-Templars, in the parish of Newtimber. It was a manor
at the date of Domesday. In Saxon times, Godwin, a priest,
had held it of his namesake, Earl Godwin. The assessment was
17 hides, and there were 24 villeins, and 4 bondmen. Ralph
held four hides in the same territory, with three villeins and two
bondmen. The total value in Saxon times was fifteen pounds,
and after the Conquest eleven pounds. Some of the subsequent
lords of the manor were Penfont, Browne, Viscounts Montague
Poyntz, and the family of Wyndham, of Petworth (Lord Lecon
field). There has been considerable confusion as to the abode

SALEHURST. 141
ofthe Knights -Templars, several authorities having fixed it at
Sedlescombe, near Battle in East Sussex ; but it is quite clear
that the place now under consideration was the spot. " Sadies-
combe" was an extensive manor extending into the parishes of
Newtimber, Bolney, Hurst-Pierpoint, and Twineham, and was
held of the De Warennes in the 13th and 14th centuries by the
powerful family of De Saye. Among the places to which John,
Earl of Warenne, made his memorable claim, by exhibiting the
sword with which his ancestor had fought at Hastings, were
Newtimber and Sadlescombe. There cannot be much doubt, I
think, that the De Sayes founded this establishment for the
" half-soldiers, half-monks " of the " Temple of Solomon." Of
the history of the Templars here we have few records, but we
ascertain from documents that the churches of Southwyke,
Woodmancote, and tithes and lands in Kingston-Bowsey, Shore
ham, and other places, were held by the Brethren. On the sup
pression of the Templars in 1309, the Knights-Hospitallers
succeeded to their rule and possessions, which they held till the
dissolution of the Monasteries. It is interesting to note that
among the benefactors to the Templars were members ofthe
families of Scrase and Farncombe, names for centuries identified
with Sussex, and still existing in the county. For a full detail
of this ancient Preceptory, I must refer to the article by Mr.
Blaauw in the ix. volume of the " Sussex Archaeological Col
lections."

SALEHURST.

Domesday, Salhert ; a parish in the Hundred of Henhurst ; Rape of Hast
ings ; distant six miles north from Battle ; Post-town, Hawkhurst.
Railway-station, Robertsbridge, in this parish. Population in 1811,
1,653 ; in 1861, 2,014. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £625 ;
Patron, Charles Hardy, Esq.; Incumbent, Rev. Alexander Orr, M.A.,
of Oriel College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1575.
Acreage, 6,481. Seats, Higham, Iridge, Darvel-bank, and Bernhurst.
The population of this parish is considerably increased in
consequence of the town of Robertsbridge, and part of the hamlet
of Hurst- Green lying within its boundaries. Those places are
mentioned in separate articles. The parish, like most in this
district, is beautifully undulated, and variegated with arable,
woodland, pasture, and hop-gardens. There are several emin
ences of considerable altitude, which command excellent views,
especially Silver Hill. Several old families were connected with
the parish. That of Wildigos resided at Iridge ; Higham gave
name to a family ; while a branch of the " ubiquitous " Culpepers

142 HISTORY OF SUSSEX. •
possessed the old gabled mansion called Wigsell. Boxhulle,
now Bugsell, gave name to the family of Sir Alan de Boxhulle,
one of the original Knights of the Garter. The family of Dicker
were also of some standing in the parish. Fuller particulars of
these families and the descent of their estates are given by Hors-
field. In more recent days the principal families have been
Fowle, Peckham, Micklethwaite, Harcourt, Boys, and Luxford.
On the commanding height called Silver-Hill, barracks of great
extent were erected during the French war, about the end ofthe
last century.
The church (St. Mary) is of various dates, and is a very pic
turesque structure. It contains a nave with aisles, and two
chancels. The arches are pointed throughout. The tower, which
is lofty and embattled, is entered by a porch at the west end,
which also has battlements, and a fine pointed arch. The arms
of Echingham, Culpeper, and another are carved on this porch.
Within a recess in the south aisle is a large altar tomb, but there
is no record of its occupant. In the Wigsell chancel there are
some old monuments ascribed to the Culpepers of that estate,
but here, as in too many other cases, " monuments themselves
memorials need." There are tablets and inscriptions with the
names of Ashe, Jenkin, Micklethwaite, Peckham, Fowle, Har
court, Snepp, Stevens, Weller, and other families. There is a
peal of eight bells, all of modern date. Altogether this is one of
the most interesting churches in the district.
See also the articles Robeetsbeidge and Huest-Gbeen.
[Ironworks, ii, 216. iii, 241. xviii, 15. Church of, xiii, 136. Culpeper
family, xiii, 254. Boxhulle (Bugsell), xv, 152 xviii, 15. xx, 65. Newing-
tons of, xvi, 46. Bells, xvii, 223. Cade's insurrection, xviii, 25. Strodes
of, xix, 110. Hays of, xx, 65.]

SEAFOKD.
Vulgo, Saifoord; a parish, extinct Parliamentary Borough, and Cor
poration, a Member of the Cinque port of Hastings, in the Rape of
Pevensey ; distant 9^ miles from Lewes, its Post-town. It has a
Railway station on the South Coast line. Union, Eastbourne. Popu
lation in 1811, 1,001 ; in 1861, 1,084, though in the "season" the
population is much increased ; Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £240 ;
Incumbent, Rev. W. H. Meade Buck. Date of earliest Parish Register,
1558. Acreage, 2,235. Chief Landowne?-s,The Earl of Chichester, Mrs
Harison, and Dr. Tyler Smith. Seats, Sutton Place, Mrs. Harison ;
Milburgh, J. Purcell Fitz-Gerald, Esq.
This small town is rich in historical interest. In Vol. vii.
of " Sussex Archaeological Collections " I gave the fullest ac-

SEAFORD. 143
Count of it then practicable, but additions have been made in
several subsequent volumes,.particu]arly in Vol. xvii. The locality
was early possessed by civilized man. Many traces of Roman
occupation occur in the parish. On the cliff, less than a mile
eastward of the town, is an earthwork locally called the Roman
camp, and a Roman cemetery existed at Green Street, where,
about the year 1825, a large number of sepulchral urns were ex
humed. Coins of Hadrian and Pius, and of Antonia, daughter
of Mark Antony, have been found here. Seaford was one of the
claimants of the honour of being the Civitas Anderida, but that
claim has been settled in favour of Pevensey. It has been sug
gested, however, that Seaford is identical with the Mercredes-
burn of the Saxon chronicle, where, in 485, a great battle be
tween the South Saxons and the Britons took place.
Seaford appears to signify a firth or fiord of the sea, and
probably received its present designation from a colony of Norse
men, who called it Sae-Fiord, in reference to the bay of the
English Channel on which it stands, and to the estuary which
formerly extended inland beyond the town. The place is first
mentioned, as Sefordt, in 1058, in connection with the removal
of the remains of St. Lewinna, virgin and martyr, who had long
previously died at the hands of the pagan Saxons. The remains
had been kept in the odour of sanctity at a religious establish
ment called St. Andrew's, probably at Alfriston. . The story is
given at length in " Sussex Archaeological Collections " Vol. i,
and also in the " Worthies of Sussex."
Soon after the Conquest Seaford became the lordship of Wil
liam de Warenne, and continued in his descendants down to the
reign of Edward III., when the family became extinct in the
elder line. Chington, however, an important manor and vill in
the parish was held, with Pevensey rape, by the family of De
Aquila, lords of Pevensey, one of whom gave it to the priory of
Michelham.* King John with his suite passed the night of the
23rd May, 1216, in this town. After the extinction of the De
Warennes, Seaford was successively in the hands of the Poy
nings, Fitz-Alan, Mowbray, and Howard families. When it be
came a member of the Cinque Ports is not known : it must cer
tainly have been so as early as 1229, when it is mentioned first
among the limbs of the port of Hastings. Of all the subordinate
ports this is the only one which returned members to Parlia
ment. It is long since that Seaford actually possessed a port; the
Ouse debouched there from a very early period until the 16th
century when it was straightened and directed to the village of
* In 7th Edw. I., Thomas Therel held a certain serjeanty in Chinting, co. Sussex,
by finding one serving man as often as the King should go into Wales, " or else
where in England," at his own expense for 40 days. — Blount's Ancient Tenures.

144 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Meeching, which thence received the name of the " New-Haven."
The course of the old river is still traceable at the back of the
beach, from Newhaven to the Cliff-end at Seaford. The decay
of the harbour was not the only cause of the decline of the
town — it had previously suffered greatly from several incursions
of the French, from fire, and from the great pestilence of 1348,
called the Black Death. Prior to this, as we have seen, Seaford
sent two members to Parliament, viz., from 1298 to 1400. From
that time there was no return until 1640, from which date it
continued to be represented, until the Reform Act of 1832 swept
away the electoral privilege.
During the proprietorship of part of Seaford by the Poynings
family, an attempt was made to found a new town in the east
ern part of the parish, on a commanding portion of the South
Downs overlooking the harbour of Cuckmere. There are traces
of buildings extending over many acres, and the site is still
known as Poynings Town. A finer site for a town can scarcely
be imagined.
Henry VIII. gave a new charter to Seaford investing it with
and confirming all Cinque Port privileges, which it still enjoys,
standing eighth in the roll of that ancient league, and being
governed by a recorder, bailiff, jurats, coroner, and the other
officials usual in the larger ports. Not long afterwards, in 1545,
the French made their final descent upon the town, but were
repulsed with disgrace by Sir Nicholas Pelham and an extempo
rized force of townsmen and neighbours. As Sir Nicholas' epi
taph at Lewes informs us, with a quaint pun —
" What time the French sought to have sackt Sea-Foord,
This Pelham did re-pel'em back aboord."
The municipality of Seaford has been duly preserved down to
the present day, and is a jurisdiction independent of the county,
having courts of assembly, quarter and petty sessions, with a
town hall, prison, &c, all, of course, in miniature. The higher
criminal causes are usually transferred to the assizes at the
county town. The town records, from the year 1562, are in ex
cellent preservation. The Parliamentary history of the borough
presents the usual amount of corruption to which such small
constituencies were exposed. One of the latest members, 1827,
was the celebrated statesman, theRightHon. George Canning. At
an earlier date William Pitt, the great Earl of Chatham, had
represented it.
As to matters ecclesiastical, there is a tradition that Seaford
formerly had five churches, though there is no evidence of its
having ever formed more than one parish, except that it was
early united with the adjoining parish of Sutton, which is now

SEAFORD. 145
absorbed by it, the ecclesiastical designation being Sutton-cum-
Seaford. There may, however, have been five ecclesiastical es
tablishments, viz. : the parish church of Seaford, that of Sutton,
the chapel of Chyngton, dependent upon Michelham Priory, the
chapel of St. James, attached to a hospital of lepers which ex
isted so early as the 12th century, in the northern outskirts of
the town; and (probably) another chapel attached to a guild
within the town, the crypt of which remains in a garden called
" The Folly," over which the original town-hall is said to have
stood. This crypt has recently been restored in excellent taste
by its proprietor, Robertson Griffiths, Esq. Seaford and Sutton
are both prebends in Chichester cathedral.
The parish church, dedicated to St. Leonard, until lately, con
sisted of a western tower, a nave, north and south aisles, and a
modern chancel; but, in 1862, the building underwent restora
tions, and received the addition of two short transepts and a
handsome chancel, terminating in a polygonal apse. The origi
nal architecture was Norman, with insertions of later date, prin
cipally of the Transition period. One of the capitals of the
columns, between the nave and the south aisle, is curiously
sculptured with the Crucifixion and other subjects, and there is
also a slab with an early representation of St. Michael and the
Dragon. There are no monuments of early date. Of Sutton
church some remains are still traceable in a close near Sutton
Place. Sutton and Chyngton (or Chinting) were formerly re
garded as vills of Seaford, and the Corporation seal contains the
legend "Sigillvm. Burgensium. de Saffordia — with Suttonii, et
Chyngton." The devices are (obv.) an Eagle for De Aquila, and
(rev.) a three-masted ship.
Seaford is agreeably situated on the bay to which it gives
name, and of which, from the chalk cliffs to the eastward, a
beautiful prospect is obtained, including views of the town and
surrounding country, Newhaven harbour, Lewes, &c. The cliffs
between the town and Cuckmere are bold and romantic, and on
the verge, near the junction of the Chyngton and Sutton farms,
is a ledge called " Puck-church parlour," no longer the abode of
fames, but the resort of foxes, ravens, sea-gulls, and peregrine
falcons. A hermitage existed on these_ cliffs in 1372.
For many years the town has been resorted to as a quiet retreat
for sea-bathers, and recently an impulse has been given to
building. Could proper sea-defences be made, and the common
lands in front of the town brought into proper order, Seaford
would offer one of the best sites imaginable for a watering-place.
Were the scheme for a breakwater and harbour of refuge in con
nection with Newhaven carried into effect, this would become
the most important point between Dover and Portsmouth.
VOL. II. l

146 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
The families of Gratwicke, Elphick, Harison of Sutton, Hurdis,
Bill, &c, have been influential here at various periods. The
name of Simmons, formerly Seman, can also be traced for nearly
six centuries. For shipwrecks, smuggling, and electioneering
manoeuvres, for all which Seaford had a bad reputation, see
Horsfield's Sussex, Vol. i, and the articles in S. A. C.
[S. A. C. Seal i, 19. Lewinna St.,i, 46. King] John at, i, 136. Lower's
memorials of, vii, 73. Lower and Cooper's ditto, xvii, 141. Elphick of
Sutton, pedigree, vii, 131. xvi, 47. xvii, 159, 259. Harison pedigree, vii,
132. Hurdis pedigree, vii, 134. Sutton, viii, 155. Roman urns, ix, 368.
xvii, 141. Cuckmere, smugglers at, x, 81. Medieval pottery, x, 193. Fort,
xi, 151. xvii, 147. Cuckmere haven artillery, xi, 151. Hospital of Lepers
at, xii, 112, 269. xvii, 162. Churchyard inscriptions, xii, 242. Old family
names, xii, 251. Salts and Beamlands, xiii, 47. xvii, 147. Sutton annex
ation of, xiii, 315. Ancient mouth of the Ouse, xv, 164. Cinque-Port
privileges, xv, 164. Church bells, xvi, 141, 223. Peter, the Hermit of
Seaford, xvii, 143. Chyngton, Phil, of, xvii, 144. Sutton prebendal
house burnt by the French, xvii, 147. Wreckers of, xvii, 149. Michelham
Priory possessions, &c, xvii, 152. Gratwickes of vii, 129. xvii,158. Browne,
Sir Anthony, xvii, 163. Cade's rising, xviii, 18. Civil marriages, xix, 202.
Hay, M.P., xx, 65. Human remains found at, ( Capt. Turner), xx, 180.
Venetian ships' charts, xx, 225.]

ST. LEONARDS (sometimes called St. Leonards-on-Sea).
In the Rape of Hastings ; a suburb of Hastings ; it has a Station on the
South- Coast Railway.
The town of St. Leonards, formerly a small village (if village
it could be called), sprang into importance when Mr. Burton
erected a new and fashionable town. This grand undertaking
resulted in additional popularity to Hastings proper. St. Leo
nards is situated partly in a valley, which has some pretty
scenery inland. The principal range of buildings, called the
Marina, extends along the sea front, and there are many agree
able residences around, as also every appliance of a modern
watering-place. Theodore Hook, in " Jack Bragg," thus alludes to St. Leo
nards : —
" From the meditation in which he was absorbed, Jack was aroused
upon his arrival at that splendid creation of modern art and industry, St.
Leonabds, which perhaps affords one ofthe most beautiful and wonderful
proofs of individual taste, judgment, and perseverance that our nation
exhibits. Under the superintendence of Mr. Burton a desert has become
a thickly-peopled town. Buildings of an extensive nature and most
elegant character rear their heads where but lately the barren cliffs pre
sented their sandy fronts to the storm and wave, and rippling streams

SEDLESCOMBE. 147
and hanging groves adorn the valley which a few years since was a sterile
and shrubless ravine."
Dr. Granville, in his " Spas of England," says : " The whole
of this varied region must be a little paradise to invalids ; and
the houses, whether those detached as Italian or Lombard villas
with gardens, or those placed in rows like a series of Gothic
cottages, all equally desirable, are much sought after 
The Victoria Hotel has the appearance of a nobleman's mansion.
A wide street runs up on each side of it, leading to other and
less regular series of buildings, constituting the town of St.
Leonards, and also to that paradise of detached villas to which
I have already alluded."
St. Leonards has really no history until 1828, when Mr. Burton
commenced his buildings. It lies partly in the formerly almost
extinct parish of St. Leonards, and partly in that of St. Mary
Magdalen. Previously to Mr. Burton's purchase, it had be
longed to the families of Lewis and Eversfield.
The parish extends beyond the limits of the Corporation of
Hastings. The church was built at private expense in 1831,
and the Princess Sophia of Gloucester laid the first stone.

SEDLESCOMBE.
Domesday, Selescome; vulgo, Selzcum; a parish in the Hundreds of Staple
and Battle ; Rape of Hastings ; distant three miles north-east from
Battle, its Post-town and Railway station. Union, Battle. Popu
lation in 1811, 506 ; in 1861, 703. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at
£320; Patron, the Lord Chancellor; Incumbent, Rev. Edward Owen,
M.A., of Sidney-Sussex College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish
Register, 1558. Acreage, 2,049.
Like most of the neighbouring parishes, this has an undu
lating and well- wooded surface. The broad village street, which
has some antique houses, is highly picturesque. On the little
river Brede there are traces of the iron-works formerly carried
on here. Roman remains have been discovered in connection
with these works, proving that that enterprising people availed
themselves of our mineral treasures. Powder mills have long
existed in the parish.
Sir William Burrell, who has been followed by Horsfield and
others, confounds this parish with Saddlescom.be, in the parish
of Newtimber, on the South Downs, which had a Preceptory of
Knights Templars. The manor passed from Earl Godwin to his
son Harold, and after the Conquest it was held of the Earl of
Eu by Walter Fitz-Lambert. In 23rd Edward I. William de
Echingham was lord. Henry Halle, John Wybarne, Sir An-
l 2

148 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
thony Browne, the Sidneys, and the Sackvilles were successively
owners. It now belongs to the Earl de la Warr. Hancox, in
this parish, was some time the seat of a junior branch of the
Sackvilles ; Great Sanders has for more than three centuries
been the estate of the Bishop family ; and Brickwall was, in the
seventeenth century, the seat of the Farendens, wealthy land
owners and iron-masters. This must not be confounded with
Brickwall in Northiam.
The church (St. John the Baptist) occupies a commanding
site. It consists of a chancel, nave with aisles, and west tower,
surmounted by a low spire. The chancel arch is semi-circular.
In a window over the Hancox pew are the arms of Downton,
predecessors of the Sackvilles : Arg, on a chief dancetti Sa. three
goats' heads erased of the First, attired Or. The building, which
in 1866 underwent sound restoration, at a cost of £2,000, con
tains memorials of the Sackville, Bishop, and other families.
[S. A. C. Iron-works, ii, 216. Account books of the Everendens and
Frewens, iv, 22. xiv, 90. Oxenbridge family, viii, 215. An Agincourt man,
xv, 137. Manor of Morley, xiv, 112. Sackvilles, xiv, 229. xvi, 27. Brede
river, xv, 154. Bells, xvi, 223. Tithes to Battle Abbey, xvii, 55. Cade's
insurrection, xviii, 25.]

SELSCOMBE. (See Sedlescombe.)
SEDGWICK.
An outlying portion of the parish of Broadwater, in the
Forest district between Horsham and Nuthurst. It contains
about 150 acres. For two centuries after the Conquest the
manor, which extends into the two parishes above mentioned,
belonged to the family of Le Sauvage, lords of Broadwater, who,
in 1272, exchanged it with William de Braose for other lands.
It passed with Bramber until 1572, and since, by purchase and
descent, it has been vested in Caryll, Bennet, Lennox, Tudor,
and Nelthorpe.
The ancient castle, or hunting seat, which formerly existed
here belonged in succession to the Le Sauvages and De Braoses.
The park, which surrounded it so lately as 1608, consisted of 624
acres. The building, as appears from the existing remains, was
about 200 yards in circuit, and had a double moat. Until within
the memory of man much more of the outer walls remained
than can now be traced. The vestiges lie within the grounds of
Mr. Nelthorpe, of Nuthurst Lodge, who takes due care of them.
About 30 yards beyond the outer moat is a supply of water called
St. Mary's, or more commonly the Nun's, well.
[S. A. C. Sedgwick Castle {Turner), viii, 31, 40.]

SELHAM. SELMESTON. 149
SELHAM.
Domesday, Seleham ; a parish on the Western Rother, in the Hundred of
Easebourne ; Rape of Chichester ; distant four miles east from Mid
hurst. Post-town, Petworth. Union, Midhurst. Population in 1811,
71; in 1861, 123. Benefice, a Rectory valued at £150 ; Patron,
Brasenose College, Oxford; Incumbent, Rev. Robert Blackburn, M.A.
of that College, Date of earliest Parish Register, 1565. Acreage,
1,042.
The Saxon elements of this name Sel, a hall, and ham, a
home, seem to indicate a place of importance. Before the Con
quest the manor was held by Codulf of Earl Godwin — afterwards
of Earl Roger, by Robert, and his sub-tenant Fulco. In the
reign of Henry II., William de Perci held it of the Honour of
Arundel. Much later it became the property of the Montagues,
from whom it descended to the late W. S. Poyntz, Esq. It now
belongs, with the Cowdray estate, to the Earl of Egmont.
The church (St. James) consists of chancel, nave, and south
aisle. The chancel arch is good Norman. The building has
lately been restored and enriched with painted glass.
[S. A. C. Domesday watermill, v, 271. xvi, 260. Priory of Calceto had
lands in, xi, 104. Bell, xvi, 223. Rents to Battle Abbey, xvii, 55.]

SELMESTON

Domesday, Selmestone ; vulgo, Simpson ; a parish in the Hundred of
Danehill Horsted ; Rape of Pevensey ; distant seven miles south-east
from Lewes, its Post-town, and on the Eastbourne road. Railway
station, Berwick, distant about one mile. Union, West Firle. Popu
lation in 1811, 149 ; in 1861, 197. Benefice, a Vicarage, united with
Alciston, valued at£208 ; Patrons, the Bishop, and Dean and Chapter
of Chichester, alternis vicis ; Incumbent, Rev. W. Douglas Parish,
B.C.L., of Trinity College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register,
1677. Acreage, 1,590. Chief Landowners, Viscount Gage, and James
Skinner, Esq., M.D.
Sel-meston seems in some way antithetical to West-meston
in Lewes rape (see Westmeston), and Sel (Anglo-Saxon) may
have some reference to an ante-Domesday hall here. At the
time of the great Survey, William held it ofthe Earl of More ton,
Alfer, a Saxon, having previously been possessor. A church, a
priest, and five ministri are mentioned. In 25th Edward I.,
Roger Lewknor held the manor of the king by Knights' service,
and it remained with his descendants until 44th Elizabeth, when
John Wood was lord. More recently it belonged to the family
of Rochester, of Ludlay in this parish, and passed with Wannock

150 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
in Jevington. Mays belonged in the 17th century to the family
of Nutt, and is now part of Lord Gage's estate. Sherrington,
the property of James Skinner, Esq., belonged in early times
to the Peverells, and afterwards to John, son of Oliver Brocas,
one of the prisoners taken by the French at the battle of Rotting-
dean, 1377. It afterwards had a family of its own name, and
the heiress of Simon Sherrington married John Selwyn, whose
descendants removed about temp. Henry VII. to Friston. In the
17th century the family of Caldecott possessed it, and from them
it passed to the family of the present owner. Tilton (in Domes
day, Telletone) is in this parish, and is now a farm belonging to
Lord Gage.
In 1403 a party of French marauders came to Selmeston and
carried off John Iford, servant of Robert Profoot.
The church (St. Mary), which has just undergone repairs,
previously consisted of nave, south aisle and chancel, with a dove
cot turret and tapering spire. The style is Early English, and
the notion that certain unsightly posts pointed to a pre-Norman
wooden church is altogether erroneous. The church has, how
ever, one rare peculiarity, the Altar slab of marble with five
crosses, which remains in situ, and is still used as a communion
table. In the north wall ofthe chancel is a recessed altar-tomb
for Dame Betris Braye, daughter of Ralph Sherley of Wiston,
1532. There are other memorials to the names of Rochester and
Caldecott. When smuggling was carried on in these parts, the
"free-traders" had a rendezvous in the churchyard. An old
altar-tomb served as their temporary storehouse. By lifting the
incumbent stone they could safely deposit their goods, and it is
said that they never failed to leave a " tub " or two for the use of
the parson ! I have this anecdote on good clerical authority.
[S. A. C. Tilton to the Abbey of Otteham, v. 157. Sherrington family,
v, 160. xv, 210. Manumission of Serfs, ix, 162. Fuller of Mays, xii, 255.
Nutts of Mays, xiii, 98. Manor rents, xiv, 263. Selwyn family, xv, 211.
xviii, 18, 40. Brocas, Peverell, and Fitzherbert, xv, 210. Southall
manor, xv, 210. French incursion, xv, 213. Bell, xvi, 223. Dame Braye's
tomb, xvii, 96. Lewknor family, xvii, 97.]

SELSEY.*
Domesday Seleisie ; a parish in the Hundred of Manhood ; Rape of Chi
chester ; distant about nine miles south from Chichester, its Post-town
and Railway station. Union, West Hampnett. Population in 1811,
* The etymology of Selsey, as given by Bede, namely, " Insula Vituli Marini,"
" the island of seals," is simply fanciful, there being no record of a seal having been
observed near the place. I should say that an Anglo-Saxon derivation from Sel and
ea, the water near the Hall (i.e. of the Bishops), is more reasonable.

SELSEY. 151
648 ; in 1861, 900. Benefice, a united Rectory and Vicarage, valued at
£750 ; Patron, the Bishop of Chichester ; Incumbent, Rev. Henry
Foster, Prebendary of Chichester, of St. John's College, Cambridge.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1662. Acreage, 3,494. Chief
Landowner, The Hon. Mrs. Vernon Harcourt.
This peninsula is in many respects, geographical and his
torical, one of the most interesting parishes in the county. The
indent oi the land into the channel called Selsey Bill is the
most southerly land in Sussex, and is bounded on the west by
Bracklesham Bay. It possesses little variety of contour, being
generally of flat surface and liable to incursions ofthe sea, from
which it has suffered severely. The earliest monastery founded
in the county was that established by Saint Wilfred, bishop of
York, who having been tyrannically driven out of his diocese,
settled down here for some time, in order to Christianize the
South-Saxon pagans. King Edilwalch, and Ali, his queen (new
converts), and Ceadwalla, king of Wessex, also a convert of the
Saint, became benefactors to the monastery, and an Episcopal
See was founded here by Wilfred, whose successors for 400 years
were known as bishops of the South Saxons. Here the see re
mained under a long line of prelates until the year 1070, when
it was deemed expedient to remove such establishments from
villages into cities and towns. Of the Saxon cathedral and its
demesnes no traces remain — on shore, that is — because the sea
has so encroached that " the Park " has long been under water.
The trees, the deer, and all the etcsetera of palatial grandeur
have utterly disappeared. Still it appears that, so lately as the
time of Bishop Rede of Chichester, about the middle ofthe 14th
century, Selsey Park was in existence, and poachers stole deer
therefrom. The prelate excommunicated the offenders, by " bell,
book, and candle," and styled them " sons of damnation." The
site of the palace is supposed to have been nearly a mile from
the present shore, and that of a submerged forest is still
traceable at low water, in the shape of stumps of trees. So lately
as November, 1824, nearly half the parish was temporarily under
salt water. There are fine firm sands on the shore, and a con
siderable fishery for oysters, lobsters, crabs, &c, is carried on. A
place near the shore called the " Hushing* Pool " presents a
singular phenomenon. About midway between the churches of
Pagham and Selsey the water at certain times of the tide appears
to be in a state of ebullition, as if from the rushing of immense
volumes of air to the surface. The space so occupied measures
about 130 feet by 30. The sound of the bursting of the bubbles
is said to resemble the simmering of a large cauldron, and may
be heard on shore to the distance of a quarter of a mile. The
* Query : If this word be not a corruption of " hissing " ?

152 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
cause is conjectured to be a large cavity from which the air is
expelled by the in-rush of the water.
The village consists principally of a long street. The old
parish church (Our Lady) stood almost two miles from the street,
but it has recently been removed, except the chancel, which is
retained for burial services. A new church (St. Peter) has
recently been erected close to the village. The old fabric origin
ally contained shrines for St. Katherine, St. James, St. Mary, St.
Margaret, and St. Nicholas. The building is supposed to have
been constructed by Bishop William Rede, between 1369 and
1385. On the south side ofthe church-yard is a large earthwork
with a deep ditch, and other parts of what may have been aBritish
fort were no doubt obliterated by the erection of the church.
Some early tombs remained in the nave when I last visited the
building, including several coffin-stones with crosses in relief,
probably for ancient rectors. Against, the north wall of the
chancel there is a monument pleasingly designed, for " Jhon
Lews, Sqwyr, and Agas his wife," who died in 1537, " on whose
soul LYu have marce." Their effigies are represented on a small
scale, and behind them are their patron saints, St. George and
St. Agatha.
The peninsula which formerly became insulated at high water
had to be reached by a ferry, but a raised causeway has been
constructed, and by means of this it is at all times accessible.
According to Domesday, Selesie was held by the Bishop in
domain. In the time of the Confessor it was rated at ten hides,
and valued at £12 ; after the Conquest at £10. There were 14
villeins and 11 bondmen. In 1561 the manor was dismembered
from the see of Chichester, and vested in the Crown. In 1635
it was purchased by Sir William Morley. On a subsequent pur
chase (1736) by Sir Henry Peachey, Bart., it passed to his
family, whose nephew, Sir James Peachey, Bart., was created
Baron Selsey in 1794, and in his descendant, the Hon. Mrs.
Vernon Harcourt, it now vests. Medmeney and Berkleys are
reputed manors in the parish. The prebend of Selsey was trans
ferred to Chichester, and Bartleys and East Thorney are pre-
bendal manors.
Among the curious local manufactures of Sussex may be men
tioned that carried on in this parish by Mr. Pullinger. He is
the inventor and patentee of what is called " the automaton and
perpetual mousetrap," and employs a large staff of workmen in
this muricidal occupation.
[S. A. C. Morley of, v, 46. St. Wilfred, v, 219. xv, 85. xvi, 261.
Oslac at, viii, 183. Eadwulf grants to, ibid. Church, xii, 76. Rede of, xii,
77. Merchant guild at, xv, 176. Bell, xvi, 223. Submerged park, xvi,
261. Lewknor of, xvii, 81. Water-poet at, xviii, 139. Manor, xix, 22.
Bishopric of, xix, 22.]

153
SHERMANBURY.
Domesday, Salmondesberie ; a parish in the Hundred of Windham and
Ewhurst ; Rape of Bramber ; distant three miles north from Henfield ;
Post-town, Hurst- Pierpoint. Railway station, Partridge Green, dis
tant about 2^ miles. Union, Steyning. Population in 1811, 270 ; in
1861, 464. Benefice, a Rectory valued at £387 ; Patroness, Mrs.
Hunt; Incumbent, Rev. John Matthew Glubb, M.A., of Exeter Col
lege, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1653. Acreage, 1,911.
Chief Landowners, Mrs. Henry Hunt, Rev. J. Goring, and Henry
Rideout, Esq. Seats, Shermanbury Park, Mrs. Hunt ; The Grange,
Mrs. Hoper.
Our ancestors frequently indicated their land boundaries by
trees, and this was the case at Shermanbury. A tree at the
north east corner of the parish shows its junction with Bolney,
Twineham, and Cowfold. At the time of the Domesday Survey
the place was held by Ralph, of William de Braose. The ubiqui
tous Azor had been the previous tenant under Harold, and was
rated for two hides. There were a small church, four ministri,
and three bondmen ; and the manor was estimated at 24 shillings.
From the date of the Conquest to 1349 the manor belonged to the
family of De Buci, or Bowsey, lords of Kingston-Buci, near
Shoreham. The De Buci family, as under-tenants of the De
Braoses, lords of Bramber, paid murage* to them, but they were
exempted in 1267, on payment of 48 marks. Sybil de Buci, co
heiress of the last male heir of that ancient Norman race, married
Sir John de Islebon, and they assigned Shermanbury to the
other co-heiress, Joan, wife of Sir William de Fyfhide. John de
Islebon, and Sybil, renounced, in favour of Sir William and Joan,
their claim to the right of " the coat of arms, crest, and helmet,"
belonging to the late Hugh de Buci — a singular, though not
unique instance of this practice in heraldry during the middle
ages. After the extinction ofthe male line of Fyfhide in 1387, the
manor belonged for a time to their heritors, the family of Sandys.
William, Lord Sandys, in 1542 sold it to William Comber, Esq.,
whose great-grand-daughter, Elizabeth, married Thomas Grat
wicke, Esq., and his great-grand-daughter, Anne, wife of Thomas
Lintot, Esq., had an only daughter Cassandra, who married
Henry Farncom.be, Esq., and their only daughter and heiress
Cassandra, was wife of John Challen, Esq., father of the late
Rev. J. Gratwicke Challen, D.D. The old manor house, which
was pulled down about the year 1780, was of quadrangular
arrangement, and was replaced by a convenient mansion, which
stands in a small deer-park. The Comber family, who possessed
the estate for several generations, produced two well-known
* For the reparations of Bramber Castle.

154 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
personages. Thomas, Dean of Carlisle, and John, Dean of Dur
ham, who" both flourished in the 17th century. It was traditional
in the family that the first of the Combers killed a Saxon noble
man at the battle of Hastings, and was rewarded by the Conqueror
with the manor of Barkham, in Fletching, but the pedigree
recorded by the Heralds goes no further back than the reign of
Henry VI., and their residence was then at Balcombe, where the
name still survives.
Shermanbury contains several other manors : — 1. Morley,
whence, perhaps, our ancient family of that name ; 2. Sakeham,
which in the 13th century gave name to the family of De Sake-
ham ; 3. Ewhurst, which extends over a considerable portion of
this parish and into Cowfold and Henfield. It was the ancient
residence of the Norman family of Peverel, and passed in the
same line of descent as Offington to the Lords La Warr. Before
the year 1600 it was acquired by the Pelhams, and passed suc
cessively into the ownership of the families of Byne, Heath, and
Challen. The old manor-house is destroyed, but the moat, and
a most picturesque gateway, said to be of the time of Edward I.
(Cartwright), though probably considerably later, still exist. In
the reign of Philip and Mary, Thomas West, the opulent Lord
La Warr, occasionally resided here, and a document of that period
mentions "my Lord's great chamber," a nursery, buttery, kitchen
and other apartments. " Abbey Lands " in this parish form the
corpus of the Prebend of Wyndham in Chichester cathedral.
The church (St. Giles) is a small building, originally in the
Early English style, but it has been modernized. It contains
tombstones and tablets to the names of Gratwicke, Farncombe,
Dr. Bear (rector for more than 50 years), Challen, Lintot, &c.
The font, which has been mutilated, is probably of the 13th
century. Dr. John Burton, the eminent scholar, and author of
the whimisical tour in this county called " Iter Sussexiense,"
mentions Shermanbury, which he visited in 1751, where his step
father, Dr. Bear, was rector, and describes it in classical Greek.
[S. A. C. Dr. Burton's visit in Iter Sussexiense, viii, 256. Tithes to
Sele Priory, x, 115, 116. Peverel of Ewhurst, x, 125. xvi, 261. Fifhide
of, xii, 31. Lillebone, xii, 33. Wood of, xvi, 49. River Adur, xvi, 251.
Ewhurst and La Warr ibid. Cheale family, xviii, 157. Gratwicke, xviii,
157. Donstall family, xix, 94.]

SHIPLEY.
A large parish of 7,698 acres, six miles south from Horsham ; Hundred
of West Grinstead ; Rape of Bramber. Union, Horsham. Benefice a
perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Hon. Mrs. Vernon Harcourt ;
Incumbent, Rev. Henry Law Cooper, M.A., of St. John's College',

SHIPLEY. 155
Cambridge. Population in 1811, 1,011 ; in 1861, 1,212. Chief Land
owner, Sir Percy Burrell, Bart. Seat, Knepp Castle, the property of
Sir P. Burrell, and occupied by Major John Aldridge. Date of earliest
Parish Register, 1609.
This parish consists principally of arable, but there are
pasture, woodlands, shaws and furze. The gault produces very
fine oak timber, and the wheat is of excellent quality. The
principal estate in the parish is Knepp, on which formerly stood
Knepp Castle, a fortress of Norman date. In a grant from
William the Conqueror to William de Braose, it is styled the
"manor and park of Cnap." Of the baronial fortress nothing
now remains except a part of the keep. The castle was origi
nally surrounded by a moat. A considerable portion of the out
works remained until the beginning of the present century, when
the surveyors of highways demolished it for the mending of parish
roads !
The De Braoses, Lords of Bramber, who built the castle, were
occasionally resident in it. King John visited it twice on his
hurried and hasty journeys through Sussex. The families of
Mowbray and Howard were afterwards in possession, but, hav
ing better houses elsewhere, the castle was suffered to go to
decay. The estate followed the same line of descent as Bramber.
On the attainder of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, 38th Henry
VIII., the manor and demesne devolved to the Crown, and they
were conferred, 1st Edward VI., on Sir Thomas Seymour, on
whose attainder, two years later, they were restored to the Duke
of Norfolk. In 15th Elizabeth they were again vested in the
Crown, and descended by successive purchases to the families of
Nye, Caryll, Belchier, Wicker, Ryder and Raymond. On the
death of Sir Charles Raymond, Bart., in 1789, they descended
to his two coheiresses, one of whom married Sir William Burrell,
Bart., whose grandson, Sir Percy Burrell, is now proprietor.
On the estate, half a mile north-west of the ruins ofthe castle,
the late Sir Charles Merrik Burrell built a large mansion in the
castellated style, which now forms one of the most convenient
residences in Sussex. It contains a very valuable gallery of
pictures. Close to it is the largest piece of water in Sussex —
Knepp pond, measuring more than 100 acres. It forms a beau
tiful adjunct to the scenery.
Knepp gave name to a family. Paganus de la Knappe ap
pears as a benefactor to Sele or Beeding Priory.
La the southern part of the parish is an estate called Hook-
land Park, which belonged to the great estate of the De Braoses.
William de Braose obtained a charter of free-warren for it,
when it was called Hoke la Stoke. Temp. Charles I., it belonged
to the Henshaws, from whom it descended to Bartholomew

156 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Tipping, Esq. By Mary-Anne, his niece, wife of the Rev. Philip
Wrought on, it was sold to Philip Rickman, Esq. It is an
extinct manor. Garingle, or Goringlythe, belonged suc
cessively to Le Sauvage, Nevill, Lucy, Caryll, and Peachey.
Bentons, formerly called Tavernershall, belonged in 1359 to
Thomas de Bayntune, whence the modern name. From the
Bayntons, or Bentons, it passed in the lapse of time to the
Carylls. In the early part of the eighteenth century, it was
purchased by Edward. Tredcroft, Esq., of Horsham. The manor
of Pinkhurst extends into the parishes of Slinfold and Billings-
hurst. The Earls of Arundel were possessors in the fourteenth
century, and it was granted in 1399 to John, Duke of Exeter,
but in 1400 was restored to the Earl of Arundel, and continued
with his descendants until 1576, when it was aliened to John
Apsley of Thakeham. It now belongs to the Norfolk family.
During the time that the principal part of the parish was in
the hands of the Carylls, Philip Caryll, Esq., built on an elevated
site a house called "New Building." It consisted of many
rooms, and in a closet belonging to the garret there was a cup
board with two shelves, which served for steps. This was one
of the many " hiding places " for Romish priests. This func
tionary could ascend through a false top of the cupboard to a
place of concealment. A chapel attached to the building was
commenced, but never finished. The Carylls were the leading
Roman Catholics in Sussex at the time. Durrants is another
extinct manor, which was long the property of the Michell
family. There is a tradition that, during the civil wars, some
members of this family headed an attack on Knepp Castle, then
garrisoned by the Parliamentary forces, but there are no docu
ments relating to this siege.
The church (probably St. Mary), which was formerly served
by a " conductitius " or removeable curate, consists of a single
pace or nave with a tower, surmounted by a pyramidal shingled
spire, between the nave and chancel. The length is 114 feet.
The tower arches are semi-circular. The one opening into the
nave is elaborately ornamented. The edifice dates from the be
ginning of the twelfth century, when it was appropriated to the
Knights-Templars ; but many later insertions have been made.
The ceiling is of oak, flat, and divided into compartments, which
have been painted alternately azure and gules with gilt knots
and mouldings. On the former there were, in 1830, some
armorial bearings including the Maltravers fret and the coat of
Lucy. On the south side of the chancel is a splendid but dila
pidated monument of marble, representing a recumbent knight
in armour, and, below, the kneeling effigies of his children. This
is for Sir Thomas Caryll, of Bentons, who died in 1616. There

SHULBRED PRIORY. 157
are other old memorials for the names of Michell, Hindley, '
Harmes, &c. In the church chest is a wooden reliquary of great
interest and value. It is seven inches long and six high, and
is gilt and enamelled on the sides and ends, with the subject of
the Crucifixion and with angels. It is probably of Byzantine
workmanship, and apparently of the 12th or 13th century.
On the north side of the church there was formerly an echo,
which, in a still night, repeated the 21 syllables : —
" Os homini sublime dedit ccelumque tueri,
Jussit et ereotos."
But, alas ! as at Bodiam, the responsive nymph has become
shy, and no longer favours us by flinging back our words into
our teeth.
[S. A. C. Ironworks, ii, 217. Knepp Castle, iii, 1. v, 143. xvi, 245. xviii,
146. Visit of King John, i, 134, and Edward II., vi, 48. Knights Templars,
ix, 246. Reliquary, ix, 264. Papal arrests, ix, 265. Godfrey de Strete given
to Sele, x, 118. Church, xii, 108. Wellers of, xii, 108. xiii, 124. Bells, xvi,
223. Mowbraysof, xvi, 245. River Adur, xvi, 249. Knepp Pond, xvi, 249.
Cade's insurrection, xviii, 24. British gold coin, xviii, 69.]

SHULBRED PRIORY.

This small monastic foundation was in the parish of Linch-
niere, on the north-west confines of the county, near Midhurst.
It was founded by Sir Ralph de Arderne, before the reign of
Henry III. for five Augustinian canons. Its history possesses
little of interest. At the dissolution of the monasteries it was
granted first to Sir William Fitz William, and afterwards to Sir
Anthony Browne. Some remains of the Priory still exist in a
farm house, with medieval features. There is a room of consid
erable size, known as the Prior's chamber, which is reached by a
stone staircase. This apartment retains some mural paintings,
about which a great deal has been said in topographical works,
as if they belonged to pre-Reformation times. This, however, I
am sure is not the case. They clearly belong to about the
beginning ofthe 17th century, and are quite in the taste of that
quaint period. They are nearly obliterated, but still possess
considerable interest. The principal painting has reference to
the birth of Jesus Christ, and certain animals converse on that
great event. The interlocutors are first a cock, which has a label
issuing from his mouth, and the words Christus natus est. Then
a duck says, Quando, quando ? A raven replies, In hac node. A
cow bellows out, Ubi, ubi, and a lamb answers Bethlam. The
arms and motto of James I. sufficiently fix the date of this

158 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.

curious paint-work. The living of Linchmere was formerly in
the patronage of this small priory, the remains of which occupy
a low and sequestered dell, and are only approached with diffi
culty, especially, me teste, during the mud of winter.

OLD SHOREHAM.

Domesday, Soresham; a parish in the Hundred of Fishersgate ; Rape of
Bramber, adjacent to New Shoreham, its Post-town and Railway
station. Population in 1811, 210 ; in 1861, 282. Date of earliest
Parish Register, 1566. It is a vicarage valued at £458, in the gift of
Magdalen College, Oxford ; Incumbent, Rev. Jas. Bowling Mozley,
B.D.
The parish consists partly of low meadow or brook-land on
the left bank of the Adur, and partly of arable and down.
Before the Conquest it was held by the great proprietor, Azor,
of the King. It was then rated at 12 hides. After that time it
was assessed at 5-|- hides only, and had a church, 26 villeins,
49 bondmen, and a wood yielding sustenance for 40 hogs. At a
later date it became parcel of the Duchy of Cornwall, and was
purchased of the Crown by Charles, Duke of Norfolk. Another
manor of Old Shoreham, alias Ruspar, belonged successively to
the families of Arundel (Fitz-Alan), Cobham, Bowyer, Boorde,
Gage, Blaker, Monk, Elliston, Elliot, and Bridger, the last-
named family being possessors of the estate of Buckingham,
with its handsome mansion. This estate gave name to the
family of De Bokyngham. The manors of Erringham-Walsted
and Erringham-Braose are now united. The latter belonged in
early times successively to the families of De Wistoneston, De
Harcourt, Bavent, Braose, Shirley, Bellingham, Juxon, and
Tufton. In 1774 it passed to the Bridger family, now proprietors
of almost the whole parish. The Bellinghams were an old
Northumberland family (whose descendants are still resident in
Sussex), and were proprietors till 1650. An ancient ferry over
the Adur belonged to the Priory of Hardham. This was super
seded in the last century by a wooden bridge, 500 feet long, and
since then the Norfolk bridge, and the railway bridge, lower
down the Adur, have altogether outdone the once-famed Shore
ham bridge.
The cruciform church (St. Nicholas) is in the Norman style,
and has within the last few years been repaired and refitted.
Mr. Hussey says of it : " It is remarkable for the small number
of windows, and the consequent darkness of the nave ; as also
for possessing on the tie-beams of the chancel the tooth-mould
ing, which is rarely found carved in wood." The interior arches

NEW SHOREHAM. 159
are highly ornamented. Among the memorials of the dead we
find the names of Monk, Poole, Fowler, Elgar, O'Hara, &c.
[S. A. C. Pensions to Beeding Priory, x, 115. Calceto had lands in,
xi, 102. Church, xii, 109 ; xvi, 236. Bell, xvi, 224. Adur at, xvi, 254.
Avery of, xix, 201.]

NEW SHOREHAM.

A borough, town, and parish in the Rape of Bramber ; distant about six miles
west from Brighton. It is a Post-town, and has a Railway station.
Union, Steyning. Population in 1811, 770; in 1861, 3,351, and
now upwards of 4,000. Benefice, a Vicarage, in the gift of Magdalen
College, Oxford. Incumbent, Rev. Harris Smith, D.D., of Oriel Col
lege, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1568.
This parish of 170 acres is the smallest in the Rape of Bram
ber, though both its present population and its former historical
importance place it in a good rank among Sussex towns. Shore
ham has undergone the vicissitudes common to every seaport on
our southern coast. On the decay of Old Shoreham, consequent ¦
on the decline of the port which once existed there, this town
sprang into existence, and was dismembered from its mother
parish. It was the port of the river Adur, and had more mari
time commerce than any town in Sussex. The river now de
bouches at Kingston-Bowsey, a considerable distance eastward
of the town. The harbour is convenient, and much trade is
carried on. But by the encroachments of the sea in and before
the year 1432 its population was reduced to 500, and the inhabi
tants were in a state of great poverty. The manor, which is co
extensive with the parish, belonged to the De Braoses, lords of
Bramber, and followed the same line of descent as that barony.
In 1326 a house of Carmelite Friars was founded here by John
de Mowbray. There is little history connected with this esta
blishment, and it shared the common fate under Henry VIII.
There were also two hospitals dedicated respectively to St. James,
and Our Saviour Jesus Christ.
The borough of New Shoreham returned two members to
Parliament from 23rd Edward I. ; but in the year 1770, a cir
cumstance occurred which changed the character of the borough.
A society calling themselves the Christian Club, nominally
formed for charitable purposes, but actually for the sale of the
representation, became the subject of Parliamentary investiga
tion. The result was that in 11th George III. the borough was
disfranchised, and the right of election was extended to all 40s.
freeholders in the Rape of Bramber. Eighty-one of the club
were ousted, but the rest and their successors retained their

160 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
votes. In the reign of Edward III. the port of Shoreham ftuv
nished forth towards the royal fleet before Calais 26 ships and
329 mariners.
The church (St. Mary) was, as originally built, a fine cruciform
structure, 210 feet in length ; but nearly the whole of the nave
fell to decay. An effort, however, has been made to restore it,
and the rest of the edifice, at a cost of £10,000. The nave,
tower, and transepts are Norman, but the capitals on the north
and south sides of the tower indicate a difference of date. The
rich choir end is later, and disproportionately long with reference
to the west limb of the cross (Hussey). The church is one of
the most beautiful and interesting in the county, as well as one
of the largest. It is externally and internally most grand and
picturesque. For architectural details I must refer the reader
to Cartwright's "Rape of Bramber," p. 57. The tower contains
five bells. The monumental remains are of little interest. The
only medieval one is a brass representing a civilian and his wife
in the costume of the time of Henry VL, without any inscrip
tion. The names commemorated by the others are West,
Shirley, Aldersey, Forth, Bulford, Smith, Chapman, Rudhall,
Hooper, Kilvington, Reynolds, &c. The election of members for
the borough was formerly held in the north transept of the
church !
Both this church of St. Mary and that of St. Nicholas, Old
Shoreham, were given by William de Braose, the first Lord of
Bramber, to the French Abbey of Saumur. They were both
probably built by the great baronial family of Braose, assisted
by the opulent merchants of the port.*
Shoreham in early times received several royal visits. In 1199
King John, immediately after the death of Coeur-de-Lion, landed
at this port, which was then a great entrepdt of continental corn
and wine. He was accompanied by a considerable army. In the
same year he embarked here for the purpose of holding a con
ference with the King of France. The place then possessed an
arsenal, and was equally important as to shipping with the port
of Plymouth, and superior to those of Bristol, Dover, and
London. In 1305 Edward I. was here on one of his southern
journeys. In the reign of Henry VEIL the town suffered much
from the predatory inroads of the French. In the great storm
of 1 703, Shoreham was severely visited. The market-house, a
strong and ancient building, was blown down, and all the
town shattered.
* It is, perhaps, not correct to say that the churches were given by De Braose to
the Abbey of Saumur, because neither of them was erected so early as'l075 ; but the
ecclesiastical rights of Shoreham were certainly granted to that establishment, and
afterwards transferred to the Priory of Sele, now Beeding. _,

SIDLESIIAM. 161
Shoreham is not prepossessingin appearance. Its chief orna
ment, besides the church, is the fine suspension bridge crossing
the Adur, which was built in 1833 at the expense of the Duke
of Norfolk, and has been of material advantage to the town.
The principal trade carried on is that of ship-building, and the
maritime commerce includes relations with many countries.
The movement of what are called " high church principles," has
one of its chief centres in the town, and there are two educa
tional establishments known as St. Saviour's and St. Mary's, for
the sons of the " lower middle class." A full history of this
ancient town is a desideratum in Sussex topography.
The escape of Charles II., after his circuitous route from
Worcester fight is said to have been from this place, "sed
dubito." I believe that the royal fugitive took flight from a
spot between Brighton and Shoreham.
[S. A. C. Embarkation ofthe Duke of Ormond, v, 89. Dr. Burton on
the political bribery here, viii, 264. Wool-smuggling, x, 69. Church, x,
102, 115 ; xii, 109; xvi, 234. Carmelite Friars, x, 109 ; xv, 22. Blakers
of, x, 109. Battery, xi, 151. " Atlas Maritimus " report, xi, 181. Market
house, xii, 55. The two hospitals, xiii, 52. Bells, xvi, 223. Church-notes
[Bloxam). Royal Arsenal, xvi, 223. River Adur, xvi, 233. Sea-
encroachments, xvi, 234. Suspension bridge, xvi, 254. Horse-shoes sent to
Newcastle, xvii, 117. Road to London, xix, 155, 163. Mention of, xix,
164. Venetian ships' charts, xx, 225.]

SIDLE SHAM.

Domesday, Silleicham; a parish in the Hundred of Manhood; Rape of
Chichester; distant five miles from Chichester, its Post-town and
Railway station. Union, West Hampnett. Population in 1811,
865; in 1861, 960. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £182 ; Patron,
the Bishop of Chichester ; Incumbent, Rev. William Bruton. B.A.,
of Exeter College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1566.
Acreage, 4,109.
This seaboard parish, chiefly arable, with a little pasture
and woodland, has a considerable village near its north-east
boundary. The manor was conferred by the Saxon monarch
Ceadwalla on Wilfred, as a portion of his gift to the see of Sel
sey, and this grant was confirmed by William the Conqueror to
that see. It was rated at 12 hides, and there were 16 villeins
with 14 bondmen. There were under tenants, named Gilbert,
Rozelin, and Ulph. The value before and after the Conquest
was £10, and the homagers paid 65s. The manor vested in the
Bishops of Chichester, till they were deprived by the act of 2nd
Elizabeth. Montague, then Bishop, complained loudly, but
vol. n. M

162 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
vainly, of this act of spoliation. George Stoughton, one ofthe
Commissioners under that act, bought, it was averred, for £300
what was worth £300 per annum. The property subsequently
passed to the names and families of Compton, Farrington, Bull,
Johnson, Price, &c. The prebend of Sidlesham is in Chichester
cathedral, and possesses a farm here and in Earnley, and it has
undergone many changes of ownership. The prebend of High-
ley, which belongs to the master of the Prebendal Grammar
School at Chichester, founded by Bishop Storey, long possessed
a large portion of the great tithes of Sidlesham. Okehurst, an
estate in the south part of the parish, formerly gave name to a
family, one of whom founded a chantry in Chichester cathedral
in the year 1287. There are in the parish two reputed manors,
called Hammes and Keynor, of no historical interest so far as I
have been able to discover. The Sidlesham tide-mills, the only
ones in Sussex, except those at Bishopston, in the eastern divi
sion of the county, are supplied by the estuary of Pagham Har
bour. They were erected, by a merchant of Chichester, Mr.
Woodroffe Drinkwater. The estuary affords considerable ship
ping facilities for vessels of small burden. This parish has suf
fered greatly (like many neighbour parishes) from the incursions
of the sea ; as many as 2,700 acres are said, to have been "de
vastated," though probably not permanently submerged, before
the year 1341. This we learn from the Nonse Rolls.
The church (St. Mary) is a very picturesque building in the
Early English style, with an embattled tower of later date. In
the building is a carved chest of considerable antiquity, which is
figured in Horsfield's " Sussex." Near the chancel is a mural
monument with two kneeling figures, for George Taylor and his
wife Rebecca, daughter of John Bennet, of London, Esq., 1631.
There are two bells, one of which is inscribed, in Lombardic cha
racters, to St. James.
There seems to have been a chapel, called Easton or Eston,
connected with Sidlesham, but Mr. Gibbon, in his elaborate ac
count of West Sussex churches and chapels, cannot discover its
locus in quo. In several wills of the sixteenth century Eston is
called a parish, and offerings of sheep and cows were bequeathed.
It would be interesting to ascertain the site of this defunct
chapel. A parish, I think, could never have existed eo nomine.
[S. A. C. Church, xii, 77. Eston chapel, ibid. Bonville, lands of, xv,
59. Church bells, xvi, 224. Tide-mills, xvi, 260. Bishop Henshawe, lands
in, xix, 107.]

SIDLEY GREEN. A hamlet of Bexhill.

163
SINGLETON.
Domesday, Silletone ; a parish in the Hundred of Westbourne ; Rape of
Chichester ; distant six miles north-east from Chichester, its Post-
town and Railway station. Union, West Hampnett. Population in
1811, 275 ; in 1861, 556. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £115 ;
Patron, Duke of Richmond; Incumbent, Rev. F. A. Bowles, M.A.,
of Magdalen Hall, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1664.
Acreage, 5,010. Chief Landowners, The Duke of Richmond, Lord
Leconfield, and the Hon. Mrs. Vernon Harcourt. Seat, Molecombe
House, H. S. H. Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar.
This pleasant and picturesque village is situated in a valley
of the South Downs, about midway between Chichester and Mid
hurst. Charlton (which see) is a hamlet in the parish. The
population of Singleton, which is very small, considering the
•area of the parish, is gradually decreasing. In Domesday Book
Silletone is mentioned as having been the property of Earl God
win, and was estimated at £89. Afterwards it passed, with the
Rape of Chichester, to the Earl of Montgomeri, and was valued
at £93, and a mark of gold. Upon the division of the Fitz-
Alan estates, John, LordLumley became possessor. By an act 31st
George II., Charlton Forest was granted by the Crown to the
Duke of Richmond, and in his family it still vests. Drove
House, the property of Lord Leconfield, is occupied by the Hon.
R. Denman, and Molecombe House, the property of the Duke of
Richmond, is the mansion of Prince Edward of Saxe- Weimar.
The Goodwood race-stand is in Singleton. During the week of
those celebrated races nearly one hundred race-horses are stabled
in the parish, and the lovers of the turf get accommodation in
the neighbouring cottages. Rooks Hill, which is said to have
derived its name from St. Roche, is upwards of 700 feet above
the level of the sea. It commands one of the most magnificent
views in Sussex, including the coast from Beachy Head to Ports
mouth, and a grand expanse of inland scenery. On this hill
are ancient earthworks called the Trundle, probably of early
British date. During the civil wars of the 17th century, a
thousand men called the club men, from the Parliamentary side,
having furnished their friends with clubs, occupied this hill, and
are said to have been guilty of " divers outrageous proceedings."
Dounley Castle, in this parish, no longer in existence, was a
hunting seat belonging to the Earls of Arundel, in the 1 5th and
16th centuries.
The church (St. John the Evangelist) consists of tower, nave,
aisles, and chancel. The tower is early Norman. A portion of
the building is said to have been burnt down in the 14th century,
and the present architecture is early Perpendicular work. It is
m 2

164 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
very symmetrical, and forms a perfect specimen of a modest
village church. There are two bells. Of Charlton Forest and
hunt, see Charlton.
[S. A. C. Rising of clubmen, v, 85. Church of, xii, 77. xix, 103. Bells
of, xvi, 224. Curious implement found at, xvi, 300. Drove House, xvi,
300. Downley Castle, xvi, 300. xix, 102. Medal found at, xvi, 301. Lavant
river at, xvi, 261. Charles II. flight, xviii, 115. Collicks of, xix, 94.
Manor belonged to Lord Lumley, xix, 102. Patronage belonged to Lord
Lumley, xix, 103. London road to Chichester, xix, 167.]
SLAUGHAM.
Pronounced Slaffham ; a parish in the Hundred of Buttinghill ; Rape of
Lewes ; distant five miles from Cuckfield and six from Horsham. Post-
town and Union, Cuckfield. Railway stations, Horsham and Haywards
Heath. Population in 1811, 759 ; in 1861, 1518. Benefice, a Rec
tory, valued at £460; Patron in 1866, Warden Sergison, Esq.;
Incumbent, Rev. William Sergison, M.A., of Brazenose College,
Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1655. Acreage, 5,363.
Seats, Slangham Park, Dencombe, J. Manship Norman, Esq.; High
Beeches, Robert Loder, Esq; Ashfold, William Peters, Esq.; Wood-
side, Ph. Rawson, Esq. ; Colwood, Rev. J. Oliver Haweis ; Hyde,
Edward Smith Bigg, Esq.; The Hall, Edward Stanford, Esq., &c,
&c. The parish abounds with excellent residences.
This Wealden parish contains the four scattered hamlets of
Slaugham proper, Handcross, Warninglid, and Pease-pottage —
all names of uncertain etymology, except the second, which
shows the former existence of a medieval direction-cross, with
a hand affixed to point out the principal road. The parish,
though somewhat sterile, is undulating and picturesque, and
well suited for country houses and villas. A tributary of the
Ouse — or perhaps the Ouse itself — rises at Upper Beeding, close
by, and here, at Slaugham mill, expands into a lake of 25 acres.
This place is not mentioned eo nomine in Domesday, and it was
probably at that period unreclaimed from the great forest tract.
Early in the reign of Edward III., however, it was useful as
hunting-ground, as is proved by the fact that Thomas, Lord
Poynings had a charter of free-warren here. At his death, in
the memorable sea-fight at Sluys, the manor and advowson
descended to his son Michael, who accompanied the king in his
Continental wars, and was buried at Poynings, where, and at
this place, masses were annually said for his soul, as they also
were for his son and successor, Thomas, Lord Poynings. At
subsequent dates the noble families of Berkeley and Stanley
became in succession lords. In the latter part of the fifteenth
century the grand old family of Covert, of Norman descent,

SLAUGHAM. 165
became owners, and so continued until 1679, when Sir John
Covert, Bart., dying without male issue, the estate became a
portion of the inheritance of his elder coheiress Anne, who
married Sir James Morton. Subsequently it passed from the
Morton family to that of Sergison, in whom it now vests.
The Coverts were among the greatest landed proprietors in
the South of England, and tradition says that they might travel
over their own manors from Southwark to the English Channel.
Before becoming possessed of Slaugham they were lords of
Sullington, and previously, temp. Henry II., of Chaldon in
Surrey. In 1494 William Covert, Esq., probably the original
settler here, bequeathed 40s. to the repairs of the church where
he desired to be buried, and to have a " vertuous priest " (Dr.,
M.A., or B.A.) to sing for his soul at the yearly stipend of £8.
Several later members of the family were buried in the church.
Of the earliest residence of the Coverts and their predecessors
nothing is known. The now existing remains of the manor-
house are doubtless part of what was originally one of the
finest mansions in Sussex. The site is low and damp, and quite
unworthy of an almost palatial abode. Sir Walter Covert, of
Maidstone, who married his cousin Covert, the heiress of
Slaugham, was probably the builder ; but, like many other Sussex
mansions of that period, it seems to have been erected only to
fall to almost immediate neglect and decay. The remains are,
however, " sublime in ruin," with lofty arcades and splendid
heraldric decorations. Of these Mr. Blaauw has given very
accurate descriptions and views in the " Sussex Collections,"
Vol. x. The dimensions, 175 feet by 133, give an idea of its
great size, but its ambit was far larger, with a square stone
wall, turrets, and a moat — the latter no longer existing. A large
sheet of water, close by, was, however, connected with it. The
style of the house was a rich and graceful Palladian. The in
terior court measured 80 feet ; the great hall was 54 feet long,
and the kitchen 35 feet, with a great fire-place 13 feet wide. It
is sad to look upon the ruins of this fine old mansion, though
great pains have been taken to preserve what time and mercen
ary spoliation have left us. The great staircase, of the Jacobean
period, much resembling (though better than) that at the Charter
house in London, is now to be seen at the Star Hotel at Lewes,
the re-builder of which, Mr. Ade, rescued it in the last century
from destruction. It is most elaborate in ornamentation, and
has several allegorical carvings. The house originally had a
private chapel, and was surrounded by a park. According to
tradition the domestic establishment numbered 70 persons.
The benefice is styled in the Liber Regis, " Slougham cum
CroleV' which would indicate that the neighbouring church of

166 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Crawley was formerly a chapel dependent on it. The church
(St. Mary) is chiefly in the' Decorated style, with traces of earlier
work. It consists of an excellent vaulted nave, south aisle,
tower, and two chancels. The northern chancel or chapel was
built by the desire of Michael de Poynings, whose will is dated
1368, at a cost of £40. It had an altar dedicated to St. James.
The tower is low, and contains five bells, dated 1773. There
are several interesting memorials of the Covert and other fami
lies. A full length brass commemorates Sfottt ffiofaett, Esq., son
of William Covert, 1503 ; and another, Jane Covert, who
survived two knightly husbands, and died in 1586. A monu
ment in the chancel is for Richard Covert, Esq., who,
together with his two wives, and a numerous progeny by the
first marriage, are represented in effigy — date 1579. The most
remarkable monument is for Richard Covert, who married four
times, and who is represented with three of his conjuges, with
curious allegorical adornments, and labels in brass — date 1547.
There are later memorials for the names of Evans, Matcham,*
Ellison, &c. During the progress of alterations in this church
some years since, several mural paintings were discovered. They
represented the Flagellation, Crucifixion, and the Last Supper of
Our Lord, together with the conveyance of a soul to heaven by
angels. [S. A. C. Ironworks, ii, 217. iii, 242. Covert family, v, 49. x, 158.
xiii, 310. xvi, 33. xviii, 158. xix, 94. Manor-house, x, 158. Poynings
family, xii, 34. xv, 7. Church, xii, 108. xv, 22. Mural paintings (Cam
pion), xiii, 237. Michell and Burstowe, xvi, 49. Church bells, xvi, 224.]

SLINDON.
Domesday, Eslindone ; a parish in the Hundred of Aldwick ; Rape of Chi
chester ; distant three miles north-west from Arundel, its Post-town.
Railway stations, Arundel and Barkhamlane. Union, West Hampnett.
Population in 1811, 437 ; in 1861, 543. Benefice a Rectory, valued at
£219 ; Patron, William Joshua Tilley, Esq ; Incumbent, Rev. Wil
liam Chan tier Izard, M. A., of Christ Church College, Cambridge. Date
of earliest Parish Register, 1558. Acreage, 2,504. Chief Landowner,
Colonel Leslie, of Slindon House.
" Eslindone " was held at the date of Domesday by Earl
Roger de Montgomeri. It was granted by Henry I. to Anselm,
Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1543, Henry VIII. exchanged
it with Cranmer. Temp. Mary it was granted to Anthony
Kempe, Esq., of the great family of that name at OUantigh
* Francis GriffithMatoham, who died at Ashfold Lodge, 1808,ajt. 12, was a nephew
of Admiral Lord Nelson.

SLINDON. 167
in Kent, whose descendant in the fifth generation, Barbara
Kempe, became heiress, and married James Bartholomew Rad-
cliffe, Earl of Newburgh. His son, Anthony James, Earl of
Newburgh, died without issue in 1814, and Slyndon ultimately
passed to his cousin and heiress Dorothy Eyre, Countess New
burgh, who married Colonel Leslie, K.H., and so conveyed it to
him, and he now possesses it. Slindon House is presumed by
Dallaway to have been originally built by one of the Arch
bishops, in the thirteenth century, and the celebrated primate
Stephen Langton died here in 1228. After its acquisition by
the Kempes, Sir Garret Kempe, early in the reign of Elizabeth,
rebuilt the mansion, which has been altered and added to at
various periods. It is delightfully situated on an elevation in
a richly wooded park, and commands a sea-view from Worthing
to the Isle of Wight. The Slindon beeches have a wide re
nown. The great hall is rich in the armorial ensigns of the
Kempes and their family connections. The Roman Catholic
chapel has a good picture of the Taking-down from the Cross,
and among the fine works of art with which the house is
adorned, is the celebrated painting of the Beggar of Antwerp.
This is one of the few places in Sussex in which the cultus of
the Roman church has been preserved with little interruption
from the days of the Reformation. A new Roman Catholic
church was erected in 1865, the Rev. John Sheehan being priest.
The parish church (Our Lady) is small, consisting of nave, north
and south aisles and chancel, in the Early English style. In a re
cessed tomb in the chancel is a knightly effigy in wood, supposed
to be for Sir Anthony Kempe, the grantee of Slindon in the six
teenth century, but quite as likely to be that of Anthony St.
Leger, whose will, dated 1539, directs burial here. There are
other memorials of the Kempes, &c* (Horsfield). At the en
trance to the church-yard there stood, within memory, a chapel
of St. Mary, with one lancet window. The parish and its
associations deserve far more notice than they have received
from local historians.
[S. A. C. Palace ofthe Archbishops, v. 138. xvii, 121. King Edward I.
visits Slindon, ii, 153 (swans andpeacocks were partof the royal bill of fare).
Families of Hyllys, Pynham, Wyatt, St. Leger, Kempe, with notes on
Church, xii, 98, 99. Wyatt, xiii, 303. Allen's charity, xvi, 41. Bells, xvi,
224. Boniface de Slyndon, xvii, 144. Slindon, xviii, 95. Newlands of, xix,
116. Cox, minister of, and Whittingtons of, xix, 120. Canterbury, Arch
bishops of, xix, 126. Pagham, xix, 126. Newburghs and Leslies,.xix, 126.
Thomas a Becket at, xix, 128.
* During a recent restoration, the foundations of the church as built by Archbishop
Anselm were discovered. It appears originally to have had transepts. Traces of
very early Norman work were discovered.

168 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
SLINFOLD.
A parish in the Hundred of West Easwrith; Rape of Arundel; distant four
miles west from Horsham, its Post-town. Railway station, Horsham ;
distant about four miles. Union, Horsham. Population in 1811,549;
in 1861, 755. Benefice, a Rectory and Vicarage united, valued at £472.
Patron, the Bishop of Chichester; Incumbent, Rev. Robert Sutton,
M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register,
1558. Acreage, 4,330. Chief Landowners, The Duke of Norfolk, Cap
tain Bunny, N. P. Simes, Esq., Sir P. F. Shelley, Bart., and Thomas
Child, Esq. Seats, Strood Park, N. P. Simes, Esq.; the Lodge, Captain
Bunny; Windalls, Thomas Child, Esq., &c.
This Wealden parish lies on the Roman road called Stane
street, which, passing from Chichester to London, intersects it
for the space of more than two miles. The material called
Horsham-stone abounds in the north-east part of the parish.
The principal manor, Dedisham, is divided between Slinfold and
Rudgwick. It belonged to the family of Tregoz from 1271 to
the extinction of that family, and in 1530 it was in the hands
of their heirs -general, the Lewknors. In 1547, Edward VI.
granted it to Sir Richard Blount, Lieutenant of the Tower, from
whose descendants it passed about 1630 to the family of Onslow.
In 1786, J. Williams Onslow, Esq., sold it to Charles, Duke of
Norfolk, and it now forms parcel of the hereditary estates. The
great park has been converted into farms, and the ancient manor
house, after having been ransacked by Sir William Waller's
soldiers in 1643, fell to decay, though a few of the offices re
main as a farm-house. The manor of Drungewick lies partly
in this parish, and is called Bradbridge. The family of De
Bradbridge held it hereditarily from the Bishops of Chichester
from 1355 to 1517, when Sir Henry Hussey obtained it by mar
riage with Eleanor, sole daughter and heiress. The seat was
called Town House. George Hussey of this family is supposed to
have aliened his right about 1666, and the lands form part of
the settled estates of the Duke of Norfolk. Strood belonged in
succesion to Atte Strode and Stanbridge. In 1466, John Cowper,
Esq., lineal ancestor of the Earl Cowper, and of the poet, ac
quired it in marriage with the heiress of Stanbridge. The
representative of the Slinfold Cowpers sold the estate to John
William Commerell, Esq., who was sheriff of Sussex in 1803.
" A great part of the ancient residence of the Cowpers still re
mains, to which considerable additions have been made by the
present proprietor." Dallaway (1832). It is now the elegant
mansion of Nathaniel P. Simes, Esq.
Hill, so called from its situation on an insulated mount in the
centre of the parish, belonged to the Husseys, by whom it was

SOMPTING. 169
aliened, temp. James I., to Thomas Churchar, whose father was
of Chiddingly, in 1570.
The church (St. Peter) was built by Bishop Ralph II., of Chi
chester^ about 1230. It had until recently a nave and north
aisle, with a small sepulchral chapel belonging to the manor of
Dedisham, and a massive tower with shingled spire. The last
" was supported by four upright beams, of a length and diameter
very seldom seen." (Dallaway.) In 1779, repairs were made
which concealed the ancient features. In 1861, the church was
rebuilt in the Early Decorated style from designs by Mr. B.
Ferrey, at a cost of nearly £4,000. Dallaway mentions among
the _ memorials a slab for Richard Bradbryge, gent, and his
family, 1533 ; another supposed for Ralph Cowper, of Strood ;
the helmet and crest of Sir Henry Hussey, 1557 ; two mural
monuments of alabaster, with painted figures for Mary, wife of
Richard Blount, and daughter of Sir William West, Lord La
Warr, and her daughter, Katherine, 1617, and Jane Blount,
another daughter, 1621; Edward Cowper, of Strood, 1678;
and his son Henry Cowper, 1706 ; and grandson Edward Cow
per, 1725; with other memorials for Leland, Lowe, Jones, &c.
In the Dedishani chapel is the carved figure of a lady, supposed
of the Tregoz family. Matthew Woodman, grandson of Richard
Woodman, the Protestant martyr burnt at Lewes in 1557, was
ejected from this rectory in 1662 for nonconformity.
[ S. A. C. Ironworks, ii, 217. King Edward II. visits the Lelands, vi, 47.
Roman remains, road, &c, xi, 145. Church, xii, 108. Mose of, xii, 108.
Churchar family, xiv, 233. Cowper or Cooper, xii, 109; xvi, 35, 50. Parish
charity lost, xvi, 37. Theoneden and Hill, xvi, 50. Bells, xvi, 224. Adur,
xvi, 249. Arun, xvi, 256. Evershed family, xvii, 247. Slinfold, xviii, 107.
Dedisham, xviii, 173. xix, 158. Blounts of, ibid. Mone (Moon) of, xviii,
173. Warton, poet and historian, xix, 162.]

SOMPTING.
Domesday, Sultinges; vulgo, Sounting ; a parish in the Hundred of
Brightford ; Rape of Bramber; distant three miles north-east from
Worthing, its Post-town. Railway station, Lancing, distant about
one mile. Union, Steyning. Population in 1811, 441 ; in 1861, 682.
Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £199 ; Patron, Henry Crofts, Esq.;
Incumbent, Rev. John Blake Honnywill, B.A., of St. John's College,
Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1546. Acreage, 2,930.
Seat, Sompting Abbots, Henry Crofts, Esq.
This parish contains about 1,000 acres of down, the rest
being fertile arable land, sloping towards the south. At the
date of the Domesday survey there were 19 villeins, and 16

170 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
bondmen, a church, 5 servi, a mill, and 8 salt-pans. A knight
held one hide, two villeins, four bondmen, and a salt-pan. In
the time of the Confessor it was estimated at £8, and afterwards
at £7 8s. Lewin held lands of King Edward. The particulars !
of this manor are circumstantially given in the record. At
present the principal manors are Sompting-Peverell alias Welda,
Sompting-Abbots, and Lechepool. The manor of Sompting-
Peverell extends into the parishes of West Grinstead, Horsham,
and Rusper, in the weala, whence the alias Welda. It con
tinued in the family of Peverell for several generations until
about the end of the 14th century, when it was carried by co
heiresses to the families of West and Brocas. From the Wests,
Lords De la Warr, it passed by subsequent purchases to the
families of Pelham, Langworth, Morley, and Peachey. Somp
ting-Abbots belonged in early times to the Abbey of Fecamp, in
Normandy, whose monks held a capital messuage and revenues ;
hence the name Sompting-Abbots. The house has been rebuilt
within the last few years in the medieval style, and is now one
of the most elegant mansions of the district. On the dissolution
of the alien priories it was conferred on the Abbey of Sion in
Middlesex, and on the surrender of that religious house it was
valued at £17 6s. 9d. Soon after this surrender it was granted
to Thomas, Duke of Norfolk ; but on his attainder in 1547 it
reverted to the Crown. It afterwards returned to the Howard
family. Thomas, Earl of Arundel, sold it, in 1641, to Sir Edmund
Pye, and afterwards, by successive alienations, it passed to the
family of Alderton, and then to that of Crofts, the present
possessors. The manors of Sompting-Peverell and Sompting-
Abbots are much mixed up together.
Lechepool gave name to a family in the 14th century. The
lands were acquired by Richard, Earl of Arundel, who conferred
them on his alms-house at Arundel. At the Dissolution the
estate was granted to Sir Richard Lee, and we afterwards find
it in the hands of the families of Cooper, Moore, and Stanyoake.
It is now the property of the family of Crofts, and passes with
Somptin g- Abbots.
Cokeham is a hamlet in this parish (See that article).
The impropriation of Sompting was granted between the years
1146 and 1173 to the brethren of the Temple of Solomon. On
the suppression of the Knights Templars, in 1306, Sir Andrew
Peverell resumed it, and conferred it on the Knights of St. John
of Jerusalem, who held it until the Dissolution. At an earlier
period the ecclesiastical property was known as " The Temple,"
and gave the name of " At Temple " to its tenants.
The church of this parish is decidedly the most interesting
village church in the diocese. It has many peculiar features,

SOMPTING. 171
which have been so repeatedly figured and described that no de
tailed account is necessary here; suffice it to say that it was built
about the year 1150. The nave, chancel, and transepts remain,
though some parts of the whole building as constructed in the
pre-Norman times are in ruins. There are several rude sculp
tures of very early date in the chancel ; but perhaps the most
curious relic in the building is an arched tomb, of which I gave
an account, originally in the " Herald and Genealogist," and
more recently in the " Sussex Archaeological Collections." The
particulars are so curious that I venture on some self-quota
tion : —
" My first visit to this church took place under the guidance of Dr.
Davey, of Worthing, whose researches into the monastic history of the
county of Suffolk are well known. After inspecting the tower and other
remarkable features, I observed in the north wall of the chancel a monu
ment in the style of the so-called " Easter Sepulchre," or " Founders'
Tomb," but apparently not earlier in date than the former part of the
16th century. There was no inscription to guide me to the knowledge
of the person interred beneath, and on interrogating my friend and
cicerone upon this point, I received the curt and unsatisfactory reply,
' Nobody knows 1' This I afterwards found to be the case, for the his
tories of Cartwright and Horsfield and the Handbook of Murray, all
yielded a response equally unsatisfactory. ' Well,' said I, ' there are
some shields upon the tomb ; let us see whether Heraldry will not help
us to an identification.' Accordingly I took out my note-book and made
some memoranda, which I subjoin .... The workmanship of the
tomb is very poor, the stone bad, and the heraldric sculpture evidently the
work of an unskilled artisan, probably the village mason ; added to which
it has until recently been coated with profuse layers of whitewash, in the
removal of which the work may have suffered accidental mutilation. The
armorial coats appear to be as follows : —
"Under the canopy an Angel supporting a shield impaled .... the
dexter coat three pairs of keys in saltire, on a chief three dolphins ; the
sinister two bars, in chief a lion passant. On the face of the tomb 3
shields, 1, quarterly : 1 and 4, 3 bucks trippant; 2 and 3, 2 bars and a
lion-passant as above ; 2, quarterly : 1 and 4, a covered cup with two objects
not very intelligible ; 2 and 3, a leopard's head ; 3, very much defaced,
though three dolphins may be made out at the upper part of the shield.
The arms are, therefore, probably identical with those first above described.
" The coat with the bars and the lion passant, a Sussex antiquary had
little difficulty in assigning to the well-known family of Tregoz, persons
of leading importance not far from Sompting.
" But alas 1 what of the cross-keys and dolphins, the bucks trippant,
the covered cups and leopards' heads ? Clearly they did not belong to
Sussex heraldry, and I was on the point of giving them up, when a vague
recollection of a paper, written by Mr. J. G. Nichols, in vol. xxx. of the
Archmologia, which I thought might assist my inquiry, occurred to me.
On turning to page 506 of that volume I found the first coat to be that

172 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
of the Fishmongers' Company, as anciently borne. The same paper also
enabled me to identify the shield with the leopards' heads and covered cups
as that ofthe Goldsmiths' Company ; and from another source I discovered
that the 3 bucks trippant (with which Tregoz is quartered) were the
arms of the Leathersellers' Company. Thus I was able to identify the
whole of the bearings."
Not to enter further into the arguments which I have adduced,
there is no doubt that this tomb covers the remains of Richard
Burre or Burry, whose will was made 19th Henry VIII., and
still exists at Chichester. His descendants are yet residing in
this parish. The will is very curious, and contains among other
bequests the great tithes and glebe of Sowntyng, called the
Temple, " that I hold of the house of Saynt Jonys." He also
directs an obit for his soul and his wife's, eleven years in the church
of Sowntyng. He makes bequests to the friars of Chichester,
Arundel, and Beeding. That he was a man of considerable •
position is shown by the fact that he kept a chaplain, Sir Robert
Bechton, who was to sing for his soul.
[S. A. C. Templars at, ix, 257. Serf given to, ib. Cokeham chapel, ix,
259. xii, 109. Cokeham hospital of St. Anthony, xi, 114. xii, 109.
Lands, &c, belonging to Hardham Priory, xiii, 46. Peverells of, xv, 96.
Bell of. xvi, 224. Sompting church, xix, 180. Tomb of Richard Burre,
ib. Temple farm in, xix, 184. House of St. John's, ib. East Ham in, ib.
Prior of Hardham land, ib.]

SOUTHEASE.

Domesday, Suesse ; a parish on the Ouse, in the Hundred of Holmstrow,
Rape of Lewes ; distant four miles south from Lewes, its Post-town
and Railway station. Union, Newhaven. Population in 1811, 105.
in 1861, 84. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £210; Patron and In
cumbent, Rev. Samuel Webb Thomas, M.A., of Worcester College,
Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1536. Acreage, 900.
The Celtic Ese or Ise seems to have some relation to the
position of this place near the estuary of the Ouse. Northea.se is
in the adjoining parish of Rodmell. In the year 966 King Edgar
gave Southease and other lands in the neighbourhood to the
monastery of St. Peter at Winchester, and in Domesday the
abbots still continued to hold it, as also in 52nd Henry III, and
probably down to the period of the Dissolution. Temp. Eliza
beth it was in the Crown. In the 17th century the Springetts,
and in the 18th, the Dickensons were seised of it.
The church is small and ancient, with Norman features, and
consists of a nave, chancel, and a round tower of flint, crowned
with a low shingled spire. There are traces of additions on both

ROUTHWATER. SOUTHERHAM. SOUTHWICK. 173
sides of the chancel. The font is rude and ancient. The only
other round-towered churches in Sussex are those of Pidding
hoe and St. Michael, Lewes. There are quaint inscriptions for
two rectors, Edmund Rose, 1594, and John Willard, 16 . .
[S. A. C. Manorial customs, iii, 249. " Drinker acre" custom, iv, 305.
Ancient interments, v, 204. Bells, xvi, 224. Cade's insurrection, xviii, 24.]

SOUTHOVER. (See Lewes, of which it is a suburb.)

SOUTH MALLING. (The same.)

SOUTHWATER.

A small hamlet and railway station in the parish of Hor
sham, about three miles from the town, on the Horsham and
Shoreham branch of the Brighton Railway. The ecclesiastical
district includes a small part of Shipley parish. The church (the
Holy Innocents), built about 1850, though small, is a handsome
edifice, in the Flamboyant style, and much ornamented. There
is a memorial window to Sir Henry Fletcher, Bart., the donor of
the site and a contributor to the erection. The Benefice, in the
gift of the Vicar of Horsham, is held by the Rev. Alexander Henry
Bridges, M.A., whose stipend is valued at £45.

SOUTHERHAM.

Formerly a chapelry of South Mailing. The chapel, which
had long been occupied as a cottage, was destroyed upwards of
30 years since. In the north wall a skeleton was found imbedded
— probably that of the founder. The chapel stood on the right
side of the turnpike road, about three-quarters of a mile south
of Cliffe church ; and on the opposite side of the road there is an
old building of no architectural pretensions, which bears the
name of " the schoolmaster's house ;" but nothing is known of
its history.
SOUTHWICK.
A parish in the Hundred of Fishersgate ; Rape of Bramber ; distant 1-|
mile east from Shoreham, its Post-town. It has a Railway station
on the South Coast line. Union, Steyning. Population in 1811, 321 ;
in 1861, 1,358. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £207; Patron, The
Lord Chancellor; Incumbent, Rev. F. Barney Parkes, of Christ
Church, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1654.
This small parish, the southern wic or village (though

174 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
there is no correlative Northwick), is supposed to be included in
the Domesday survey with Kingston-Buci, which it adjoins on
the east. Unlike most of our coast parishes, trees thrive well
here, and there is the pleasing adjunct of a village green.
Lands in Southwick which belonged to Reigate Priory, and
were granted at the Dissolution to William, Lord Howard, were
purchased, 20th Elizabeth, by Henry Smith, Esq., and have ever
since belonged to the well-known " Dog Smith's Charity." The
family of Hall have possessed an estate here for several genera
tions. Remains, conjectured to be those of a Roman villa, have
been found. A ship-canal passing by Southwick to Aldrington
connects Kingston Harbour with the traffic of Brighton.
The church, popularly called St. Michael's, is given by Mr.
Gibbon to St. Margaret. It has an interesting Norman tower,
with shingled spire ; but the body of the edifice has been re
built in a style difficult to characterize. The memorials include
the names of Gray, Norton, Bridger, Hall, &c. The church was
given in the 13th century by Simon le Counte to the Knights
Templars at Saddlescombe, in Newtimber. John Pell, F.R.S.,
the skilful, but unfortunate mathematician, son of John Pell,
rector of Southwick, was born here in 1610. ("Worthies of
Sussex, p. 177.)
Fishebsgatb, which gives name to the Hundred, is a hamlet
in this parish, and has a recently-erected district church.
[S. A. C. Tithes to Sele Priory, x, 115. Church, ix, 235. xii, 109.
xviii, 106. Benefactions of Goodmerich and Michelborne, xiii, 47. Bell,
xvi, 224. Lands to Shoreham chantry, xvi, 235. Roman remains, xvi, 255.
Thomas, xix, 101. Midhurst Chantry had lands here, xx, 24. Baggele,
ibid.]

STANMER.
Vulgo, Stammer ; a parish in the Hundred of Ringmer, Rape of Pevensey,
(though locally in that of Lewes) ; distant four miles north-west of
Brighton ; Post-town, Lewes. It has a Railway station close by at
Falmer. Union, Newhaven. Population in 1811, 105 ; in 1861, 147.
Benefice, a Rectory, united with Falmer, valued at £140 ; Patrons,
alternately the Earl of Chichester and the Archbishop of Canter
bury ; Incumbent, Rev. Charles G. T. Barlow, of Balliol College,
Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1558. Acreage, 1,346. Chief
Landowner, the Earl of Chichester, of Stanmer Park, Lord Lieutenant
of Sussex.
As one of the Peculiars of Canterbury, this parish belonged
to Archbishop Lanfranc, and was held of him by the Canons of
Mailing. In subsequent times it has been the property of the
Michelbornes, Gotts, and Pelhams. Stanmer Place was built on
an older site, about the year 1724, by Thomas Pelham, Esq.,

STAPLECROSS. STAPLEFIELD. STEDHAM. 175
ancestor of the present noble owner. The surrounding park is
beautifully undulated, and well planted, and has its principal
entrance nearly midway on the road from Lewes to Brighton.
The village lies within the boundaries of the park. The church,
which has been rebuilt by the present Earl of Chichester, is
plain and neat, and contains memorials for the families of Scrase,
Goffe, Michelborne, and Martin. Stephen Goffe, incumbent here
at the beginning of the 17th century, was father of Stephen,
John, and William Goffe, all remarkable persons during the
Commonwealth — the last being Colonel Goffe, the celebrated
republican and puritan, whose constancy marks him a true hero
to the cause of civil and religious liberty. In this parish, and in
many of the adjoining ones in the South Down district, the
geological observer will notice many of those large boulders of
stone which do not belong to any local stratum, but which are
supposed to have been brought hither at some remote era, from
the polar regions, in icebergs.
[S. A. C. Cromwell's Bible, ii, 78. Pelham buckle, iii, 211. Goffe
family, in Civil War, v, 83. Pelhams, x, 211. Michelbornes, xiii, 257.
xvi, 30. Bell, xvi, 224.]

STAPLECROSS.
A hamlet of Ewhurst, giving name to a Hundred.

STAPLEFIELD.

A scattered hamlet of Cuckfield, 1\ miles north-west from
that town, and h\ south of Crawley, its Post-town. A district
church (St. Mark) was erected in 1847. The living is a Perpetual
Curacy ; Patron, the Vicar of Cuckfield ; Incumbent, Rev. J. H.
Appleton, M.A.
STEDHAM.
Domesday, Stedeham ; a long narrow parish on the Western Rother, in the
Hundred of Easebourne ; Rape of Chichester ; distant two miles west
from Midhurst, its Post-town and nearest Railway station. Union,
Midhurst. Population in 1811, 353; in 1861, 530. Benefice, a
Rectory, united with Heyshott, and in the same patronage. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1538. Acreage, 2,249. Seats, Stedham,
Sir Charles Taylor, Bart ; Stedham Hall, John Stoveld, Esq. ; Ash,
J. B. Smart, Esq. ; Tentworth, Miss Wyndham.
In Saxon times the manor was held by Eddiva of Earl
Godwin; at the Conquest William gave it to Earl Roger de

176 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Montgomeri. In later times William de Perci held it of William
de Albini. On its seizure by the Crown, Henry VIII. granted it
to William, Earl of Southampton. Subsequently it vested in
Bulstrode Peachey Knight, Esq., and it was sold by Lord Selsey
within the present century to Sir Charles William Taylor, Bart.,
whose son, Sir Charles Taylor, is now lord, and resides in the
parish. The village is seated in a pleasant rising ground above the
Rother. The church of St. James, which represents one men
tioned in Domesday, was partly taken down, rebuilt, and " re
stored" in 1850. It consisted of chancel, nave, and central tower,
which bears the date of 1670. During the progress of pulling
down, some mural paintings of interest were discovered. The
subjects were St. George and the Dragon, St. Ursula, St. Chris
topher, and the Final Judgment. These have been fully described
in the " Sussex Collections," vol. iv. Mr. Butler, the architect,
from the rude vestigia in the nave, considers the building to be
identical with the Domesday church. Many stones, with crosses
in relief, and four stone coffins, were found in the walls, having
evidently been placed there as material in some comparatively
recent repair of the building. The chancel has Early English
features, and the font is ancient.
[S. A. C. Church, mural paintings, iv, 1. Architecture, &c, iv, 19
( Vernon-Harcourt and Butler). Three watermills in Domesday, v, 272.
Church, xii, 78. Bells, xvi, 225. River Rother, xvi, 259. Stedham manor,
&c, xviii, 95. Midhurst brotherhood, xx, 25. Knights- Hospitallers' lands,
xx, 28. Legate'slands in, and Sir William Goring, xx, 28.]

STEYNING.

Domesday, Staninges; a parish and market-town in the Hundred and
Union to which it gives name ; Rape of Bramber ; distant about five
miles north from Shoreham ; Post-town, Hurst- Pierpoint ; it has a
Railway station on the Shoreham and Horsham branch of the South
Coast railway. Population in 1811, 1,210 ; in 1861, 1,620. Bene
fice, a Vicarage, valued at £400 ; Patron, the Duke of Norfolk ; In
cumbent, Rev. Thomas Medland, B.D., of Corpus Christi College,
Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1565. Acreage, 3,383.
Steyning, like many other parishes in Sussex, finds an able
exponent in its own incumbent, the Rev. Thomas Medland, whose
paper appears in Vol. v. of the " Sussex Collections." The parish
lies on the north side of the South Downs, near the point where
the hills slope on both sides to the Adur. It is partly on the
Downs, and extends northward to the Weald clay, the inter
mediate space being sand and fertile loam. The chief part of

STEYNING. 177
the population is found in the picturesque little town, situated
on the malm rock. The name appears to be derived, not from
the Anglo-Saxon stone, but from one of the Saxon mearcs, and
meaning the abode of the children of one Staen, the patriarch of
a noble family, who probably lived towards the end of the fifth
century. (See Kemble.) It was then a place of little importance,
and it was reserved for St. Cuthman, the titular patron of the
parish, whose life by the Bollandists I have abstracted from the
Acta Sanctorum in "Worthies of Sussex," p. 23, to raise it
to some renown. It is pretty certain that that personage
erected the first church (a wooden one), doubtless on the site of
the present noble edifice. Both the saint himself and Ethel-
wulf, father of Alfred the Great, are believed to have been buried
here. Other claims have been set up as to the burial-place of
this unfortunate abdicated King of Wessex, but Asser Mene-
vensis, Alfred's preceptor and secretary, says distinctly " Athel-
wolphus rex sepultus Steninge." King Alfred bequeathed his
estates here, with others in Surrey, to his nephew Ethelwold,
but they afterwards reverted to the Crown, and Edward the Con
fessor granted them, subject to a life interest of Bishop iElfwine,
to the Abbey of Fecamp, in Normandy, but afterwards revoked
the grant, at the instance of Earl Godwin, whose son Harold
held Steyning until his fall at Hastings. After the Conquest,
William restored it to the monks of Fecamp, who thereupon
sent over six of their number to form a priory, or cell, at Stey
ning. These Benedictines founded their house on the site after
wards occupied by the parsonage-house. From Domesday we
learn that the lands belonged principally to the foreign abbey,
though William de Braose, Lord of Bramber, had a portion of
them. He, not content with his share, made encroachments on
the possessions of the brethren, which resulted in an appeal to
Henry I., who confirmed all the rights which Fecamp claimed.
Steyning was in those days a thriving and well-frequented
place. According to Domesday there were no less than 223 vil
leins and 106 bordars, while in the town itself there were 123
dwellings. The Abbot of Fecamp proceeded to erect a church
suitable to this increased population. Two churches are men
tioned in the record, one being on the foundation of the original
establishment of St. Cuthman, and the other probably a succur-
sale, or chapel of ease. The principal part of Steyning was
known as the parish of Cuthman, while the other church or
chapel appears to have been situated on the south side of High
Street. It was dedicated to St. Mary, and near it was a well,
sacred to the same saint, but now covered over.
The church (St. Andrew), as just remarked, doubtless occupies
the site of the humble wooden edifice of Cuthman. When the

VOL. II.

N

178 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
brethren of Fecamp built their church they seem to have taken
the church of Graville, in Normandy, dependent on their abbey,
as their model. The greater part of what now remains of this
noble church is apparently of the time of Henry I., though the
capitals of some of the pillars and a rude has relief are supposed
to be of the time of the Confessor. The original plan was never
completed. The building, as it stands, consists of a west tower,
nave, north and south aisles, and a chancel. The nave and aisles
are somewhat narrow. The former is very lofty, with round-
headed clerestory windows. Between the nave and chancel are
four very high substantial arches, apparently intended to sup
port a central tower. The present tower was added at a later
period, when all idea of extending the church westward had
been abandoned. Mr. Medland thinks that a south transept
was built, but this has long disappeared. The more modern
parts of the structure, particularly the tower and porch, have
worked stones from a more ancient and ornamental structure.
The nave, with its round pillars, carved capitals, and circular
arches with zigzag mouldings, is particularly grand and impos
ing. The church anciently possessed a chantry of the Virgin,
and chapels or altars for St. Peter, St. Christopher, and the Sa
lutation. The chancel was reconstructed some years since, not
in accordance with the rest of the building. There are no monu
ments of greater antiquity than one dated 1508, for Mighill Farn-
field (or Farnfold) and Joane his wife ; but there are mural
tablets and slabs for the names of Michell, Prowd, Gratwicke, Co
ventry, White, Stalman, Ingram, Leeves, Mille, Smith, Lucke,
Hooper, and many others. The bells are six in number. In
the thirteenth century Ralph de Neville, Bishop of Chichester,
claimed obedience from the Canons of Steyning. The Abbot of
Fecamp resisted, and it was decided that Steyning church should
be free of all episcopal jurisdiction.
In 1278 the town was of sufficient political importance to
return two members to Parliament, and, though much dimi
nished in population, it continued to do so down to the period of
the Reform Act in 1832. Dp to the early part of the fourteenth
century it was of some commercial consequence. In Saxon and
Norman times, when the estuary of the Adur flowed up thus
far from Shoreham, it had a port known as the Harbour of
Steyning, or St. Cuthman's Port, where the small vessels of the
period could ride in safety. Like many other places on the
South coast, however, the river having narrowed, Steyning lost
its maritime importance, as shipmen could no longer reach it.
It was further unfortunate when, at the suppression of its priory
as a, cell of Fecamp, temp. Henry V., the fostering care of the
foreign abbey was withdrawn, and a transfer was made to Syon

STEYNING. . 179
Abbey, in Middlesex, the brethren of which cared less for it.
Thus Steyning gradually dwindled down to the proportions of a
mere village, and only rose to what it now is by the independent
exertions of its inhabitants.
The manor of Charlton Court, which had formed the principal
part of the monastic possessions, was annexed to the Honour of
Petworth, and after the Dissolution was sold, with the advowson
of Steyning, to William Pellatt, Esq., from whose family it has
passed by transfer to those of Lewknor, Shirley, Tufton, Evers-
field, and Goring. Wickham, another ancient manor, has been
associated, since 1307, with the names of Graundyn, de Lyche-
pole, de Ifield, de Wickham, de Cobham, Percy of Petworth,
Hystede, Farnfold, and Trevor. Wappingthorne is a Domesday
manor. " William Fitzmanne holds Wopingthorne. Carle held
it of King Edward." It was then assessed at six hides, now at
two only. There were seven villeins and 15 bondmen. In the
reign of the Confessor it was worth 100s., and afterwards £4.
In 1268 Haymen Boynet paid to William de Braose 18 silver
marks for Wowend and Wappingthorne, to exonerate him from
the latter's claim of murage, a tax due to the Lord of Bramber
for the reparation of the walls of his castle. In his family it
remained till 1351. It afterwards became the property of the
Dukes of Norfolk. In 1607 John Leedes, Esq. left it to his son
and heir, Sir Thomas Leedes, K.B., who held it of the Castle of
Bramber by knight's service. Edward Goring, of the Burton
family, held it temp. Charles I., and resided here. Of the house,
now a farm-house, there are considerable remains. It is a brick
building, with large windows divided by stone mullions. Over
the portico is a shield of 12 quarterings, entirely defaced. It
still belongs to the Goring family. (Cartwright, 1830.) Gat-
wick, near the church, was another ancient residence, which
gave name to a family. The vicarage-house is a good specimen
of a parochial manse, with some curious carved wainscot, having
the arms of St. Richard of Chichester, Fitz-James, Bishop of
London, and the arms and cognizances of Henry VIII. and
Queen Catherine. The gardens are well kept, and a clear stream
of water runs through them. Among the rockwork have been
placed two ancient stones with crosses, brought from the found
ation of the western extension of the church, and evidently of
Saxon date.
There was an ancient guild or fraternity in Steyning. The old
"Brotherhood hall" formed part of the endowment of the
Grammar School, founded in 1614 by William Holland, alder
man of Chichester, and the school is still carried on under the
gables of that ancient hall, standing on the right hand of the
street leading down to the church.
S w 2

180 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
In Saxon times Steyning had a royal mint, and among the
pennies brought to light at the now celebrated "Chancton find,"
were 11 coined here. They are of the reigns of Edward the Con
fessor and Harold ; but an earlier coinage doubtless existed. Of
the various types, Mr. J.C. Lucas, F.S.A., has given an account in
the " Sussex Collections," Vol. xx. Roman antiquities have been
found here. In 1 826 a barrow on the Down overlooking the
town was removed for the sake of the flints. On its summit,
about a foot from the surface, were found three entire skeletons,
and in the surrounding fosse upwards of 40 more. An urn, witb
burnt bones and 50 coins, chiefly of the Lower Empire, were
also discovered.
[S. A. C. Town and church {Medland), v, 111. xvi, 236. St. Cuth
man, v, 112. xx, 214. Four watermills in Domesday, v, 272. Church books
extracts, viii, 132. Royal mint, ix,369. xix, 189. xx, 214. (Lucas). Tithes
to Beeding Priory, x, 115. Fecamp Abbey, x, 123. xx, 214. Bennets of,
xi, 61. Bonet of Wappingthorne, xii, 30. Wappingthorne and Wickham,
xiii, 48. xvi, 35. Eversfields of Charlton Court, xiv, 123. Pell atts of ditto,
xiv, 150. xvi, 75. Palmer at Agincourt, xv, 135. Leeds of Wapping
thorne, xvi, 35. Cooke of, and Parson of, xvi, 49. George Fox, Quaker,
at, xvi, 72. Bells, xvi, 225. Cuthman's Port, xvi, 233. Churches, xvi,
236. Ethelwulf, father of King Alfred, xvi, 237, xx, 214. Jarvis of, xvi,
239. Grammar School, xvi, 241. Adur River, and King's Barns, xvi, 253.
Cade's insurrection, xviii, 24. Smith of, xix, 95. Goring of Danny, lands,
xix, 100. Stalman of, xix, 108.]

NORTH STOKE.

Domesday, Sioches ; a parish in the Hundred of Poling ; Rape of Arun
del ; distant 2-^ miles from Arundel Railway station. Population, in
1811,62; inl861,87. Benefice, a Perpetual Curacy, valued at £57.
Patron, Lord Leconfield ; Incumbent, Rev. Edward B. Foreman,
M.A. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1678. Area, 860 acres.
This small parish, which is separated from South Stoke by
the river Arun, is of some archaeological importance. Its area
has been so variously stated that it is somewhat difficult to know
its real extent. Dallaway states it at 930 acres ; a late statisti
cal publication says 160 ; but the Population Tables of 1852 say
860, which I presume is correct. The manor descended with the
castle and barony of Arundel till about 1600, when on the at-
taiuder of Philip, Earl of Arundel, it was some time afterwards
granted to Thomas, Lord Howard de Walden. In 1611 it be
longed to Richard, Earl of Dorset, who sold it to John Stans-
field, Esq., the founder of South Mailing church in East Sussex.
From him it descended to his grandson, John Evelyn, Esq., the

SOUTH STOKE. 181
author of " Sylva " and "Memoirs." At later periods it passed
through the families of Mitchell and Joliffe to the late Earl of
Egremont. To the east of the village is Camp-field, once a strong earth
work, upon a steep acclivity, much worn by ploughing. Many
ancient coins and other relics have been found here.
The church is cruciform, with a low tower and a spire. There
are three sedilia in the chancel. The building, which was de
pendent on Tortington Priory from 1337 until the Reformation,
is large in proportion to the parish. The dedication is un
known. In 1834 an ancient British canoe or boat was discovered about
150 yards from the river Arun. It was formed from a single
oak tree hollowed out, and was more than 34 feet long. The late
Earl of Egremont presented it to the British Museum. Singu
larly enough another similar boat of smaller dimensions was
found near the same spot, at Burpham in a creek of the same river,
and is now in the museum at Lewes Castle, together with its
wooden anchor — perhaps one of the greatest archasological
curiosities' in the county. It was presented to the Society by
Thos. Spencer, Esq., of Warningcamp.
[S. A. C. Ancient British boat or canoe, xii, 261. Church bell, xvi,
225. River Arun, xvi, 258. Manor of, xviii, 78. Rymans of, xviii, 78.
Pellet of, xix, 201.]

SOUTH STOKE.

Domesday, Stoches ; a parish in the Hundred of Avisford ; Rape of Arun
del ; distant 2-| miles north-north-east from Arundel, its Railway-
station and Post-town. Population in 1811, 99 ; in 1861, 99. Bene
fice a fiectory, valued at £223 ; Patron, the Duke of Norfolk ; Incum
bent, Rev. Richmond Powell, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1558. Acreage, 1,294.
This parish (Anglo-Saxon Stoc, a place) lies in the valley
of the Arun, where that river is remarkably tortuous, and, as
Dallaway observes, " refluis sibimet ssepe obvius undis." Nearly
700 acres of the parish are within the new pale of Arundel Park.
There are two manors, which have remained distinct since the
time of Domesday. In that record it is extremely difficult to
define the limits of this parish, and that of the adjacent one
of North Stoke, but a church is mentioned in both places. Of
the two manors, one is described as having been held in Saxon
times of King Edward by Brixi, and afterwards of Earl Roger
(de Montgomeri) by Rainald. It was rated at eight hides.
There were seven plough-lands cultivated by sixteen villeins and

182 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
sixteen cottars, and two fisheries rendering lOd. The other
manor was held by Ulnod, a free tenant, temp. Confessoris, and
afterwards of Earl Roger by Ernald, probably the same person
as Rainald above-mentioned. It was rated at four hides, and
sustained ten villeins and four cottars. Its value was £4.
Oitham (Anglo-Saxon, the ham or settlement of Offa*) was
held of King Edward by a freeman named Alwin ; after the
Conquest Azo held it of Earl Roger. It contained four hides,
and there were eight villeins and five cottars, a fishery of 2s.,
and a wood of three hogs. It was valued at different periods at
£7, £6, and £4. According to the Testa de Nevill, John de
Nevill held lands here, which were transferred to the Fitz-Alans,
Earls of Arundel.
In the compotus of Richard, Earl of Arundel, 1380, the manor
was valued at the large sum of £20 6s., with a grange. It passed
through the families of Dixse, Sackville, and Kempe, and the
late Earl of Newburgh by exchange to the Dukes of Norfolk,
and is part of the settled estate of that great family, who also
possess a farm in Offham, formerly the property of the Dean
and Chapter of Chichester. William de Albini, Earl of Arundel,
granted about 1,172 lands in Offham to Hugh Esfurmie, and a
copy of the charter is printed by Dallaway, p. 222. Upon the
chalk downs in this parish there are many earthworks and
trenches. " The most remarkable trench," says Dallaway, " is that
which leads from the summit to the river at its base — the pro
bable remains of a road by which the camp was supplied with
water. . . . The general opinion is that they are Danish.
' Danorum veteres fossas— immania castra,
Et circumduct! servat vestigia valli.'"
In 1796 a considerable number of Saxon pennies was ex
humed near Offham, and this find resembled that of 1866 at
Washington as being mostly of the reigns of Edward the Con
fessor and Harold, and fresh from the mint.
The church (St. Leonard) is small, but of high antiquity. It
consists of a single pace or nave only, with a corbel table orna
mented with the heads of animals and birds at the east end.
The " high-stream " of the river Arun was formerly important
in regard to the fisheries and the swans, which latter were duly
marked in old times, and there were rules and regulations for the
fishermen, beadles, and under-bailiffs to superintend these
matters, and the practice of " swan-hopping " was kept up. The
?We have in our Anglo-Saxon annals more than one historical Offa ; but the name,
judging from the local nomenclature of England, must have been a very common
one ; thus we have in Sussex two Offhams, and one Offington, besides several minor
places with the initial syllable Off.

WEST STOKE. 183
following regulations respecting swan-marks on the high-stream
are worthy of record : — " Swan-marks, 1624.
" Earl of Arundel butted on the right wing, and their heels both cut
off ; Bishop of Chichester on the left wing, and three notches on the
right side of the beak ; Sir W. Goring, in right of the Priory of Hard
ham ; Sir John Shelley, of Mitchelgrove ; Sir Edward Bisshopp, of
Parham ; Sir Garrett Kempe, of South Stoke ; John Alford, Walter
Barttelot, of Stopham ; William Palmer, son of Sir T. Palmer, of Ang
mering, deceased ; William Oneley, of Pulborough ; Anthony Sutton,
John Caryl, and Thomas Mille, Esqrs., were severally entitled, in right of
their lands, to keep swans upon the High Stream. The fine paid by the
heir upon coming to the estate, to the water-bailiff, was 6s., and 8d. for
every renewal of the swan-mark."
In the parish register is the entry in 1738 of the baptism of
Anne, daughter of Daniel Gittins, L.L.B., rector of this parish.
This lady became the wife of R. Bransby Francis, rector of
Edgefield, co. Norfolk. Her father gave her a classical educa
tion, and she especially excelled in the knowledge of Hebrew,
and published several works, including a poetical " Translation
of the Song of Solomon," " A Poetical Epistle from Charlotte
to Werter," " Miscellaneous Poems," &c. She died in 1800.
[S. A. C. Two watermills in Domesday at Offham, v, 271. Church,
xii, 102. Souton, buried at, ibid. Bonville, Lords of, xv, 59. D'Albini's
grant of Offham, xv, 95. Bell, xvi, 225. River Arun, xvi, 258. Aylwin
of Offham, xvii, 254. Kempes, Lords of, xix, 119.]

WEST LAVANT. (See East Lavant.)

WEST STOKE.

Domesday, Stoches ; a parish in the Hundred of Bosham ; Rape of Chi
chester. Post-town, Chichester. Union, West Hampnett. Population
in 1811, 64 ; in 1861, 94. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £170 ;
Patron, the Lord Chancellor ; Incumbent, Rev. Charles Bnckner,
B.D., of Wadham College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register,
1564. Acreage, 880. Sole Landowner, the Duke of Richmond. Seat,
Stoke House, Lieut.-Colonel Frederick Cavendish.
This agreeable little parish consists chiefly of down land,
with a small secluded village. On the southern escarpment of
the Downs are two large tumuli, " supposed," says Horsfield,
" to have been erected over the bodies of the marauding sea-kings
whom the men of Chichester encountered and slew in the year
900." In the valley below, called Kingley Bottom, the favourite

184 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
resort of the inhabitants of Chichester for pleasure parties, is a
very fine group of yew trees, and the whole scene is remarkably
picturesque. Bow Hill stands to the north.
In the time of the Confessor, the freeman Ulnod, held the
manor of Stoches. It was assessed at four hides, and had a
church. It has subsequently passed through the families of
Bigod, Mowbray, Howard, and Compton. In 1764 it was added
to the Goodwood estate.
The church (St. Andrew) has on the north wall ofthe chancel
a memorial to Adrian Stoughton, Esq., his wife, and two sons
andfive daughters, with effigies in akneeling attitude — date 1635.
[S. A. C. Roman earthworks, x, 171. Church, xii, 78. Bell, xvi, 225.]
STOPHAM.
Domesday, Stopeham ; a parish in the Hundred of Rotherbridge ; Rape
of Arundel, distant four miles south-east from Petworth, its Post-
town ; one mile south-west from the Railway station of Pulborough.
Union, Thakeham. Population in 1811, 163 ; in 1861, 130. Bene
fice, a Rectory, valued at £150 ; Patron, George Barttelot, Esq. ;
Incumbent, Rev. Felix Brown, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1544. Acreage, 876. Seat, Stop-
ham House, George Barttelot, Esq., J.P., and Lieut. -Colonel Walter
Barttelot, M.P., J.P.
This is, in several respects, one of the most interesting
parishes in Sussex. Small in area, it is picturesque, and pos
sesses features which interest every archaeologist who visits the
locality. It lies on the banks of the most pleasant of Sussex
rivers, the Western Rother.
In the reign of Edward the Confessor, five free tenants were
possessed of Stopeham. As part of the rape of Arundel, it
belonged to Earl Roger de Montgomeri. One Robert held it of
him, and sub-let it to Ralph (whoever they may have been). It
was rated at five hides. There were four villeins and four cot
tagers, one serf, three fisheries, and a wood of 10 hogs. " The
family of Barttelot are said to have come from Normandy with
William the Conqueror, and to have fixed their residence at a
place called La Ford in this parish. In the 14th century John
Barttelot de la Ford, married the daughter and coheiress of
William de Stopham, descended probably from the Saxon pro
prietor, and thus acquired the whole ofthe parish." (Dallaway).*
From a MS. at Arundel Castle, it appears that " Estover Ferry,
belonging to John Stopham, descended to Walter Barttelot de
la Ford, over which ferry there is now a stone bridge that ought
* See also " The Topographer," iv, 346, and Shirley's " Noble and Gentle Men."

STOPHAM. 185
to be repaired by the three Western Rapes, which was built 2nd
Edward II., 1329." Stopham bridge is a structure of seven
arches, the greatest number in any pontine erection in the
county. Stopham House, a handsome and spacious residence,
was built on an older site during the Tudor period, and rebuilt
in 1787.
The church (supposed to be dedicated to St. Mary) is small,
and "built upon the Norman plan, with a pace or nave only,
and a square tower at the west end. Upon the ancient door is
a cross fleury, in iron. The windows are ornamented with
stained glass, which is said to have been taken out of the old
hall." These decorations consist of armorial bearings and imagi
nary portraits executed at the expense of Walter Barttelot, Esq.,
in 1638, by Roelandt, a Dutch artist. There is this inscription
in a window : —
Ad foemam elec renovata fenestra priorem, 1638.
There are coloured drawings of these embellishments in the
Burrell MSS., British Museum. But the most remarkable fea
ture in this little edifice are the memorials of the Barttelot
family, including a most interesting series of brasses, &c, for
many generations, and almost covering the whole of the pave
ment. The first is to ffrjfjanttes ISartflOtt, treasurer of the house
hold to Thomas, Earl of Arundel, and his wife, Johanna, daughter
of William de Stopeham, 1428. The next is to gjofjanneg
3Sattelott, " Consul prudens " to Thomas, John, and William,
Earls of Arundel, and Joan his wife, daughter and heiress of
John Lewknor, Esq. This tomb has the figure of a man in the
armour of the period — date 1453. The third has two brass
effigies, to the memory of Hie. Uattelott, Esq., marshall to the
Earl of Arundel, 1489. The next in the series is to gjofjanrtCS
3Sart?lott, 1493. Then follows a long series of memorials to the
same ancient family, down to much more recent times. One of
these records William Bartelott, Esq., who died in 1601, aged
97 years. Instead of the ancient formula, "Orate pro anima,"
we are informed that his " soul restethe with God." There are
two bells, one of which is inscribed to St. Augustine.
Thomas Newcombe, M.A., incumbent of Stopham, who died
in 1766, in his 91st year, was descended in the female line from
the poet Spenser. He wrote many poems in English and Latin,
and was a friend of Dr. Young. His principal work on the
"Last Judgment," in 12 books, after the manner oi Milton,
was printed in folio in 1723.
[S. A. C. Domesday watermill, v, 272. Stopham family, arms of, &c,
vi, 87. xvi, 257. Ralph de Stopham, a Crusader, ix, 365. Church, xii,
102. Female recluse, xii, 134. Barttelot family (the most^ancient com
moners in West Sussex), xv, 62, 127. xvi, 35,50, 257. xviii, 80. Church
bells, xvi, 225. River Arun, xvi, 257.]

I I i

186 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
STORRINGTON.
Domesday, Estorchetone ; a parish and market-town in the Hundred of
West Easwrith ; Rape of Arundel ; distant four miles south-east from
Pulborough station, and eight north-east from Arundel. Post-town,
Hurst-Pierpoint. Union, Thakeham. Population in 1811, 792 ; in
1861, 1,104. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £600; Patron, the
Duke of Norfolk; Incumbent, Rev. John Scott Whiting, B.A., of
Worcester College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1590.
Acreage, 3,264. Chief Landowners, the Duke of Norfolk, Lord
Leconfield, and Frederick Bang, Esq. Seat, Fryern House, Frederick
King, Esq.
Stdr is the Anglo-Saxon for great, vast, and also a personal
name, still retained as a surname. Of the initial syllable,
" Utrum mavisque accipe " for the derivation. The parish is of
irregular shape, and the soil varies from the chalk of the South
Downs, to sand and loam on a substratum of sand rock. The
town-village consists of two streets intersecting at right angles.
Domesday mentions Estorchetone as held by Robert, of the Earl,
but previously by Durand. A church is mentioned, and there
were six hides, six villeins, seven cottars, and two mills. Temp.
King Edward its value was £4, and afterwards 40s. Another
Storcheton, apparently a separate manor, was held of Earl Roger
de Montgomeri, by Robert, and Alwin was the sub-tenant.
Alwin was a freeman under the Confessor, and could go where
soever he pleased, and dispose of his land at pleasure, according
to the ancient expression, " Potuit ire, cum terra, quo volebat."
This estate had one villein, five cottars, two serfs, and a mill.
The value was 30s. The manor of Storrington is valued in the
computus of Richard, Earl of Arundel, at 60 marks per annum.
On his attainder, in 1388, it was granted to John Holland, Duke
of Exeter. It was afterwards restored to the Earls of Arundel,
and remained with them till Henry Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel,
conjointly with his son-in-law, John, Lord Lumley, conveyed it
to'William Apsley, Esq., of Thakeham, whose second daughter,
Jane, carried it by marriage to the family of Newton, of South-
over, near Lewes. It was afterwards possessed by Wheler,
Butler, and Batcock. In 1806 it was transferred to Charles,
Duke of Norfolk, and still remains with that noble family.
Hurston comprises the demesnes of the manor of Wiggonholt,
originally part of the barony of Bramber. Its value, at the
time of the Survey, was 10s., and it was held by Aluiet, of
William de Braose. A mill is mentioned. Of its descent,
nothing appears until 1634, when John Monk, Esq., who had
married a daughter of Edward Covert of Slaugham, was pos
sessor. It has since belonged to Elliston, Eliot, Swayne, Ash-

STORRINGTON. 187
burnham, and Wyndham, Earl of Egremont. Fryern, orFrier's-
land was the original endowment of a chantry in Thakeham
church, founded by Stephen le Power, the patronage of which
descended to the Apsleys. Subsequent proprietors have been
Barttelot, Duppa, Banks, Moulding, and Postlethwaite. It was
re-sold to Charlotte, Baroness Dowager King, and her son,
the Hon. Geo. King, enlarged the house and resided in it. It is now
the seat of Fredk. King, Esq. Chantry farm, part of the Apsley
estate, passed to the Shelleys, of Lewes. Cootham, or Coudham, is
a hamlet about a mile west of the town. It was manorial at the
time of Domesday. In the reign of the Confessor, two freemen
held it ; afterwards Robert, of Earl Roger, and Alberic of him.
It was valued at £3, and there were four villeins, and five cottars.
Robert also held of the Earl two hides, which had. one villein and a
cottar ; value, 20s. Upon the great partition of the earldom of
Arundel, a knight's fee was assigned to Roger de Someri. It is now
divided into many small freeholds. The market charter was
granted by Thomas, Earl of Arundel, in 1399. The Bynes were
of Storrington for many years. James Byne is mentioned so
early as 3rd Edward III., and Thomas Byne in 23rd Henry VIII.
The church (St. Mary) has been much altered from its original
form. On May 20th, 1731, the shingled steeple was struck by
lightning and fell upon the nave. In 1746 the tower fell, and
the damage was estimated at £1,625. The church, except the
chancel, was rebuilt, and it has now a nave, north aisle, and
west tower. On the floor of the chancel is a brass, in ecclesias
tical costume, for Henry Wilsha, B.D., chaplain of Henry, Earl
of Arundel, 1591 — a rare instance of so recent a brass. There
are two monuments by Westmacott, one for Sir H. Hollis Brad
ford, K.C.B., 1816, erected by his companions in arms, in recog
nition of his great military services at Copenhagen, Corunna,
Flushing, Salamanca, Yittoria, and Waterloo, where he received
a wound, which resulted, after 18 months, in his death. The
second has a female figure in relief, bending over a pedestal, and
commemorates Major Hugh Falconer, 1827. The rectory house,
built soon after 1621, has been much improved by more recent
incumbents, and is now one of the best in the county.
Several antiquities have been found in the parish, including a
Celtic urn, 21 inches high, and one ofthe finest specimens of its
kind ; many Roman coins, &c.
[S. A. C. British urn, i, 55. Domesday watermills, v, 272. Roman coins,
viii, 277. ix,116. xi, 140. Church, xii, 102. xiv, 154. xix, 103. Cootham
and Bynes, xii, 111. Parish charity, xvi, 37. Bells, xvi, 225. Millstream to
the Arun, xvi, 257. Alwin, xvii, 254. Patronage of benefice to Lord Lum
ley, xix, 103.]

188 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
STOUGHTON.
A parish in the Hundred of Westbourne: Rape of Chichester; distant
seven miles north-west from Chichester. Post-town, Emsworth. Rail
way station, Emsworth, distant about five miles. Union, West
bourne. Population in 1811, 489; in 1861, 633. Benefice, a Vicarage,
valued at £270 ; Patron, the Bishop of London ; Incumbent, Rev.
Francis H. Vivian, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1675. Acreage, 5,422. Seats, Stanstead
House, Mrs Dixon ; Watergate House, A. H. Hall, Esq.
This is a border parish adjoining Warblington, in Hamp
shire. The soil is chiefly chalk. The lofty range of the South
Downs, called Bowhill, extends along the south-east boundary.
Stoughton is not mentioned, eo nomine, in Domesday. In 1207,
Roger Bigod, the last earl of Norfolk of that family, died seised.
In 1557, it was purchased by Henry Fitz-Alan, and it became a
favourite hunting resort of the Earls of Arundel. About 1480,
Thomas, Lord Maltravers, rebuilt the manor-house. After
wards it belonged to Lord Lumley, and subsequently to the
Lewknors and Peacheys, Lords Selsey. It now belongs to the
Hon. Mrs. Vernon Harcourt. The principal feature is Stan-
stead Park, which, with its forest, contains 1,666 acres, about
1,000 of which are in the parish, while other portions extend
into Racton and Warblington. The present house succeeds the
earlier edifice, which was the seat of Lord Lumley, and in
1644, during the siege of Arundel, Sir William Waller sent
2,000 horse and foot, and two drakes (small guns) to besiege it.
The particulars of this attack are not known. It was probably
much shattered, as about 1687, the mansion was again rebuilt
by the Earl of Scarborough. It has since been much altered.
It contains some good wood carving by Grinling Gibbons, and
a suit of arras tapestry, representing the Battle of Wynendaal,
brought from Flanders by the first Lord Scarborough. The
forest lies west of the house, and is divided by three wide
avenues, of which the central one is two miles long. De Foe,
in his "Tour" (1724), speaks thus of the place: — "From
Chichester the road lying still west passes in view of the Earl
of Scarborough's fine seat at Stanstead — a house seeming to be
a retreat, being surrounded with thick woods, through which
there are the most pleasant, agreeable vistas cut, that are to be
seen anywhere in England — particularly because through the
west opening, in front of the house, they sit in the dining-room,
and see the town and harbour of Portsmouth, and the ships at
Spithead and St. Helens, which, during war, is a most glorious
sight." At a later period Stanstead was the seat of George
Montague Dunk, Earl of Halifax, who left it to his illegitimate

STREET. 189
daughter, Anna Maria, who married Richard ArGhdall, Esq. By
his lordship's trustees, the estate, with its demesnes and exten
sive manors, was sold for £102,500, to Richard Barwell, Esq.,
after whose death it was sold to Lewis Way, Esq. Mr. Way,
who resided here, took great interest in the conversion of the
Jews to Christianity, and, in 1812, fitted up the north-west side
of the old mansion as a chapel in the " Gothic " of the period,
and had an ordained priest, a converted Jew, for religious minis
trations on the episcopal system. This was succeeded by a new
church (Christ Church), built and endowed by the late Charles
Dixon, Esq., and consecrated in 1855. The living is a Perpetual
Curacy, value £210, in the gift of Mrs. Dixon, and held by the
Rev. Nicholas Grattan Whitestone, B.A. Stanstead received
royal visits from King John, Queen Elizabeth, and the 1st and
2nd Georges.
Waldbeton, or Waldington, and Nobthwood, are hamlets of
this parish.
The church (St. Mary) is in the Early English style, with
nave, chancel, and aisles ; but contains nothing of great impor
tance. It had a chancel called St. Catherine's, and lights for
the Holy Sepulchre and All Souls. There are three bells, one
ancient, inscribed Ave gracia plena.
On the Downs there are several tumuli and earthworks, and
tradition asserts that iEdelwalch, King of Sussex, and the exiled
Csedwalla of Wessex, met here in battle, and further that the
vanquished South-Saxon King lies buried in the southern bar
row with his arms and his chieftains around him. (Longcroft.)
[S.A. C. Lumley Lords, of Stanstead, v, 49, 65. xvi, 266. xix, 92, 101.
Fitz-Alans of ditto, v, 66. xvi, 266. Lewknor of, v, 66. Royal visits : King
John,i, 136; Queen Elizabeth, v, 197. xvi,266; George I. and II., xvi.
xix, 147, 8. Mathews of Stansted, xi, 69. xviii, 13. Church and new dis
trict church, xii, 78. Bells of these churches, xvi, 225, 232. River Ems or
Racon at, xvi, 264, 266. xviii,185. Earthworks and tumuli, xvi, 264. Wal-
derton bridge, and Pitt the gunman, xvi, 264. Maltravers, xvi, 266. Stan
stead besieged, xvi, 266. The Rector to arm, xvii, 198. Flight of Charles
II, xviii, 115. Scarborough, Earls of, xix, 147.]

STREET or STREAT.

Domesday, Estrat; a parish in the Hundred of the same name; Rape of
Lewes ; distant 6^ miles from Lewes. Post-town, Hurst-Pierpoint.
Railway stations, Burgess Hill, and Hassock's Gate. Union, Chailey.
Population in 1811, 133; in 1861, 190. Benefice, a Rectory, valued
at £172; Patron, H. C. Lane, Esq.; Incumbent, Rev. William

190 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Anthony Fitzhugh, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1561. Acreage, 1,270. Chief Landowner, H.
C. Lane, Esq.
Street is a name given by our Saxon ancestors to the old
Roman roads {vice stratce) which traversed England, and it has
been conjectured that such a road passed through this parish ;
but this is uncertain. The parish, like most of those in the
Weald of Sussex, is long and narrow, its length from north to
south being between four and five miles, while its breadth does
not exceed half a mile. It extends from the chalk of the South
Downs to the Wealden clay, and has a soil which is mostly
fertile. There are many coppices and several woods. Near the
church are two fine specimens of the quercus ilex, which is a
rather rare tree in these parts.
The manor of Street, which includes the greater part of the
parish, is mentioned in Domesday as Estrat, and part of the
possessions of William de Warenne. Both before and after
the Conquest it was valued at 100s. In 1192, it belonged to
Geoffrey de Saye, in whose descendants it remained till 1383,
when it passed by marriage to the family of Fynes, subsequently
Lords Dacre. Temp. Elizabeth it belonged to the Goring
family, and later it was possessed by the family of Dobell, from
whom it passed by marriage to the Lanes, the present owners.
Street Place is a large handsome house, of the latter part ofthe
reign of Elizabeth, and commands extensive views of the adja
cent picturesque country. The principal front facing the east
is 86 feet long, and has two projecting wings. The room on
the first floor in the south wing of the front is paneled in oak,
and has remains of numerous Latin mottoes. Mr. Blaauw sup
poses it to have been the study of Walter Dobell, who died in
1625. One of his descendants, who joined the Cavalier party
during the Civil Wars, is said to have contrived a place of con
cealment in the house, the entrance to which was up the great
hall chimney. There are several curious legends and traditions
respecting this old mansion, which ceased to be the residence
of the Dobells on their acquisition of Folkington Place, and
early in the eighteenth century Street Place became a farm
house. Two " small churches " are mentioned in Domesday, but
where the second stood is unknown. Street church consists of
chancel, nave, north porch, north chancel, and a recently added
south transept. The building, though much patched in later
times, has doors and other features of Norman date. A turret
over the west end contains one bell. There are memorials to
the families and names of Dobell, Vina], Gott, Lane, &c. Be-

SULLINGTON. 191
fore the Reformation, an acre of land, called East-town, was
held by this church for the support of a light.
[S. A. C. Street Place, iv, 93 (Blaauw). viii, 269. xvi, 292. William
Dobell's accounts, iv, 98. East-town, xiii, 47. Black-brook, xv, 162. Bell,
xvi, 225.]

SULLINGTON.
Domesday, Sillintone ; a parish in the Hundred of East Easwrith ; Rape
of Bramber, distant five miles north-west from Steyning Railway sta
tion. Post-town, Hurst-Pierpoint. Union, Thakeham. Population in
1811,234; in 1861, 241. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £400 ; Patron
ess, Mrs. Palmer; Incumbent, Rev. Henry Palmer, M.A., of Trinity
College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1555. Acre
age, 2,340. Seat, Sandgate Lodge, George Carew Gibson, Esq.
Sullington lies partly on the South Downs, but the greater
portion consists of arable land. Its length from north to south
is 3£ miles, and its breadth f of a mile. The soil varies from
chalk to sandy loam. Like Beeding, it has a detached portion
in the forest district near Horsham, called Broadbridge Heath,
about twelve miles to the north, with a population, in 1861, of
86. From Domesday, Sillintone appears to have been among
the smallest of manors, possessing only one villein with half a
plough, and valued at 2s. ! Ulward held it of the Confessor, and
Robert of Earl Roger de Montgomeri. Soon after the Conquest
the family of Aguillon, or De Aquila, held it, and Richard de
Aguillon's only daughter carried it by marriage to William de
Covert, who had two knights' fees in Sullington and Broad-
bridge. Several disputes respecting game in this manor are
recorded. In 1275, Hugh, son of Otho, brought an action
against Roger de Covert, for unlawfully detaining a falcon
valued at £10, an immense price in those days; and in 1288,
William de Braose prosecuted him for killing two hares in his
free-warren in Washington and Findon. Roger pleaded that
he had always hunted there for hares and foxes, and cut sticks
in the woods to carry hares on. The manor house of this ancient
sporting squire was valued at 3s. 4d. per annum. He had a
park, two watermills, one windmill, and the advowson of the
church. His descendants continued iu possession for several
generations, till Baldwin de Covert,* in 1379, granted the re
version of the manor, after his death, to Richard, Earl of Arundel,
who gave it to his Hospital of the Holy Trinity at Arundel.
* A very curious will of Margaret, wife of John de Covert, and mother of Bald
win, 136fi, is in the possession of W. Smith Ellis Esq , of Hydecroft : it has been
translated and printed in Cartwright's Rape of Bramber.

192 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
After the dissolution of that house, it passed through the fami
lies of Lee, Shelley of Warminghurst, Apsley, and Shelley of
Lewes. The manor-house close to the church has some traces
of antiquity. The name ofthe Park is still retained by a portion of
the estate, and two watermills now exist, probably on the Domes
day sites. (Cartwright, p. 122.) On the north-west side of the
parish are two farms called Wantleys, which took their name
from the family of De Wantele, before 1296, one of whom, John
de Wantele, has a brass in Amberley church, dated 1424. In
later times the families of Michell, Bennet, Standen, and Shelley
have owned these lands. At Sandgate, near the centre of the
parish, Sir George Warren, R.B., erected a cottage orne. After
his death, Henry Shelley, Esq., enlarged it and made it his re
sidence. It afterwards passed to the names of Anderson, Hill,
and Bosanquet. In 1825, it was purchased by George John
Gibson, Esq., who further enlarged it, and by subsequent altera
tions, made it one of the most agreeable residences in Sussex.
It is now the property and seat of George Carew C. Gibson, Esq.,
who in 1869 made additions which place it among the finest of
Sussex mansions in Elizabethan architecture. The gentle family
of Wase resided at Sullington in the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries. The rectory and vicarage were formerly distinct, but they
were united by Bishop Praty in 1441, on account of the poverty
of the vicarage, which had prevented any priest from accepting
it, and the service of the church had been neglected for twenty-
six years. The church (St. Mary) consists of a nave, chancel,
north aisle, and low west tower, with a pyramidal cap. The
nave has traces of Early English date, but the chancel is Deco
rated. In the north aisle, Richard, Earl of Arundel, in 1389,
founded a chantry, and gave the chapel of St. Martin in Arundel
Castle for its support. In 37th Henry VIII. the incumbent,
Thomas Sackville, " a student at the gramer scole of thage of
13," had the endowment towards his exhibition £3 16s. — a very
young incumbent. Under the tower is a recumbent cross-legged
effigy of a knight in armour, which was removed thither from
the north aisle. Though much mutilated, it retains traces of
excellent workmanship. It is of the time of Henry III.,
and is believed to represent William de Covert, lord of the
manor. In ] 825, a stone with a cross fleury was dug up in the
church-yard, and placed within the building. There are other
memorials for the names of Goring, Dixon, Williams, &c. There
is one bell dated 1522, and dedicated to the Trinity.
In 1809, some tumuli were opened on Sullington Warren.
They contained imperfect parts of urns and charcoal of the
Celtic period. One perfect urn was exhumed. In 1812, several

SUTTON. 193
Roman warlike implements (spear-heads, swords, &c.) were
found north of Sandgate.
[S. A. C. Domesday mills, v, 272. De Covert a Crusader, ix, 365 ; xv, 95.
Tithes to Beeding Priory, x, 115. Church, xii, 108. Goring, xvi, 49, xix,
94, Bell, xvi, 225. Mill-stream to the Arun, xvi, 257.]

SUTTON.
Domesday, Sudtone ("the southern enclosure "); a parish in the Hundred
of Rotherbridge ; Rape of Arundel ; distant five miles south from
Petworth, its Post-town. Railway stations, Petworth and Amberley.
Union, Sutton. Population in 1811, 342; in 1861, 364. Benefice, a
Rectory, valued at £256 ; Patron, Lord Leconfield ; Incumbent,
Rev. Henry Lockett, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1656. Acreage, 2,061. Chief Landowner,
Lord Leconfield.
The village is situated on a pleasant elevation at the foot of
a high range of the South Downs. In Saxon times five Thanes
(they must have been very small ones) held it as a free manor.
At the Conquest Robert held it of Earl Roger, and when the
Earldom of Arundel came into possession of Queen Adeliza, it
became as a part of her gift to her brother, Josceline of Louvaine,
an appendage to the Honour of Petworth, and still so remains.
By a roll of 26th Edward I., it appears that Peter de Sutton
held ten librates here by the service of furnishing a sparrow-
hawk to the king, and Fulco Basset other lands by that of cer
tain furred gloves (quasdem cirothecas griseo-furratas).
The church (St. John) has a nave and chancel, north tran
sept, south aisle, and porch, with Transition or Early English
features, and a fine western tower. The chancel, which is De
corated, has been restored. In the east window are the arms of
Percy, Louvaine, and De Albini. The learned Hebraist, Julius
Bate, was rector of this church in 1742 ("Worthies of Sussex,"
p. 336). Roman pottery has been found in this parish, and even
within the church.
[S. A. C. Three watermills in Domesday, v, 272. Church, xii, 102.
Roman pottery, xv, 242. Bell, xvi, 225.]

SUTTON,

In East Sussex, is now parochially united with Seaford. The
foundations of the church are traceable near Sutton Place. It
is a prebend in Chichester Cathedral. See Seaford.
vol. ii. o

194 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
SWANBOROUGH.
An ancient grange of Lewes Priory in the parish of Iford.
Remains of a chapel still exist, with other ancient features.

TANGMERE.

Domesday, Tangmere ; a parish in the Hundred of Aldwick ; Rape of
Chichester ; distant three miles north-north-east from Chichester,
its Post-town. Railway station, Drayton, distant about 1-| mile.
Union, West Hampnett. Population in 1811, 157 ; in 1861, 201.
Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £280 ; Patron, the Duke of Richmond ;
Incumbent, Rev. George Gaisford, M.A., of Christ Church, Oxford.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1539. Acreage, 774. Chief Land
owner, the Duke of Richmond.
A level and fertile parish well adapted for cereals. Domes
day places it in the Hundred of Pagham. It was then a rather
important manor, held of the Archbishop by clerks, with a bailiff,
15 villeins, and 15 bondmen, who were provided with a church.
Temp. Henry VIII. it passed from the see of Canterbury, through
Archbishop Cranmer, to the King. Ultimately it was attached
to the Halnaker estate, and has thus passed to its present lord,
the Duke of Richmond.
The church (St. Andrew) is a Peculiar ofthe Archbishop. It
consists of nave and chancel ; the former is early English, the
latter less ancient. It has lately been thoroughly repaired and
decorated with painted windows. In the church -yard stands a
hollow yew, more than eight feet in diameter.
[S. A. C. Church xii, 78. Bells, xvi, 225. Worth in, Kempes, xix,
119. Road through, xix, 159.]

TARRING NEVILLE, or East Tarring.
A parish in the Hundred of Danehill-Horsted ; Rape of Pevensey ; on
the Ouse, 21 miles north from Newhaven. Post-town, Lewes. Rail
way station, Newhaven. Union, Newhaven. Population in 1811, 80;
in 1861, 84. Benefice, a Rectory united with South Heighten,
valued at £406 ; Patroness, Mrs. Cornelia Fothergill. Incumbent,
Rev. M. Wyell Mayow,M.A. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1569.
Acreage, 938. Chief Landowner, the Rev. F. W. Gray.
Of the history of this parish little is known, except that
at an early period it belonged to the family of Neville, whence
the suffix to distinguish it from Tarring Peverell, in the western
division of the county. About the year 1640 it was ecclesias-

TARRING, WEST. 195
tically united to Heighton, whose parishioners, since the de
struction of their church, have worshipped here. The church
(St. Mary) consists of a chancel, nave with south aisle, and a
small west tower with pyramidal cap. The outside is entirely
covered with plaster, but the interior has some Early English
features, and a few interesting points. The one bell is ancient
and inscribed to St. John. There are several memorials for the
family of Geere, who were formerly incumbents of this benefice
and of Heighton. On a part of the South Downs, called Tar
ring Lowe, are several fine and apparently unexplored tumuli.
[S. A. C. Laurence Waterhouse, priest, xiii, 56. Bell, xvi, 141, 225. J

TAREING, WEST, or Tarring Peverel.
A parish conterminous with the Hundred to which it gives name ;* Rape
of Bramber ; distant one mile north-west from Worthing Railway
station. Post-town Worthing. Union, East Preston. Population in
1811, 568 ; in 1861, 606. Benefice, a Rectory, a Peculiar of Canter
bury, with Heene annexed, valued at £474 ; Patron, the Archbishop
of Canterbury ; Incumbent, Rev. John Wood Warter, B.D., of
Christ Church, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1559.
This parish, on the South Coast, possesses much local, and
historical interest, and it is fortunate in its learned Rector, the
son-in-law of the immortal Southey, whose " Seaboard and the
Down," and " Parochial Fragments " contain a good deal of
information relating to it, with more than has any immediate
connection with this brief notice. The soil is a rich wheat-
producing loam, with a substratum of marl, except towards the
north, where it is more chalky. Ecclesiastically it has some pe
culiarities. Cartwright sums up the curious divisions which it
possesses. The number of acres, he tells us, is 2,054, of which
Tarring proper contains 624 ; Salvington, 390 ; Durrington and
Coate, 641 ; Heene, 397, exclusive of 20 acres of Down adjoin
ing Findon, called " No-man's-land." The chapelries of Heene
and Durrington maintain their own poor, and are for civil pur
poses in the Hundred of Brightford. Salvington is a hamlet. — ¦
The earliest account we have of the manor of Tarring is that
King Athelstan gave it to the Church of Canterbury before the
year 944, and the Domesday survey states that it had been imme-
morially subject to that see. In the reign of the Confessor, it was
rated at 18 hides, nearly corresponding with present dimensions.
There were 27 villeins, 14 cottars, two churches, and a wood of
6 hogs. It fluctuated in value between the Saxon and the
* Except a few outlying lands in Horsham, Rusper, and Shipley.
o 2

196 HISTORY OF SUSSEX
Norman rule from £14 4s. to £15. At the date of Domesday
William de Braose held four hides of the manor, and had three
in demesne. According to the Hundred Rolls, 1274, the tenants
of the Archbishop in Tarring and Salvington performed suits to
the hundred of Brightford. In 1227 we have a curious list of
the necessaries of life as assessed under a distraint of the Pri
mate. A quarter of wheat was worth 18d. ; of oats, 8d; a
yearling hog, 8d. ; a carcase of mutton, 4d. ; two good hens a
penny, a good goose a penny ; and four gallons of good beer
also a penny ! How the manor passed from the Archbishop to
the Crown is not known. In 6th James I. it was chiefly held
under a Crown lease for 70 years by Jane Dering. From 1620
to 1 710 the family of Garway held it. It subsequently passed to
the families of Travies and Barker. In 1796 the demesne lands,
281 acres, which are very fertile, were purchased by Thomas
Henty, Esq. Mr. Henty brought the breed of Merino sheep to
great perfection, and exported many of them to New South
Wales. The inhabitants of Tarring were by ancient right
excused from serving on juries on account of the service due to
the Archbishop. In 24th Henry VI. " the men of Terryng in
the shyre of Sussex, upon the se banks dwelling," complained to
the Lords in Council that their people had frequently been in
jured in life and property by the incursions of the King's ene
mies from France, Brittany and Spain. Two years afterwards
the inhabitants obtained a charter for a weekly market on
Saturdays, but this was of no long continuance. The original
petition and charter are in the hands of the parish officers.
(Cartwright.) The family of Hamper, which afterwards pro
duced the late well-known antiquary William Hamper, Esq.,
F.S.A., of Birmingham, were long resident in Tarring. In 1582
George Hamper married. Alice Selden, aunt to the illustrious
John Selden, " the glory of the English nation," as Grotius calls
him. John Selden was born at Salvington in this parish in 1584, and
the parish register records his baptism on the 20th of December,
as " John the sonne of John Selden the minstrell." The father,
however, is described by Aubrey ("Letters," Yol.ii.,p. 530) as " a
yeomanly man of about £40 a year, who played well on the
violin." Hence his description as a " minstrel." This acquire
ment brought him the favour and love of a gentlewoman, Mar
garet, daughter of Thomas Baker, of Rustington, of the knightly
family of that name in Kent. For a copious account of the
eminent jurist, antiquary, and patriot, John Selden, see "John
son's Life of Selden," and "Worthies of Sussex," p. 1 — 11. His
birth-place is a small timbered house formerly called Lacies,
probably a fragment of a larger one. It bears the date 1601, to

TARRING, WEST, 197
indicate some repairs then made, for the original house must
have been of earlier date. On the lintel of the low door inside
is the following distich, said to have been carved by Selden him
self when a boy of ten : —
" Gbatus. honeste. mihi. non claudar. inito. sedeque.
Fan. abbas : non sum pacta soluta, tibi."
Which Mr. J. G. Nichols happily paraphrases —
" Welcome if honest I Glad such men to greet,
I will not close — walk in and take thy seat.
Thief, get thee gone 1 'gainst thee a stout defence,
I open not, but boldly bid thee hence."*
I strongly doubt the fact of Selden's having either composed
or cut this inscription, as the letters are much too archaic for
the assumed date. The Rectory-house, of which some remains
exist, is supposed to stand on the site of the Archbishop's
palace. This is doubted, but I believe the statement to be cor
rect, as the chapel, 38 feet by 25, and the hall 40 feet by 20,
remain, together with a range of buildings called Parsonage-
row. " They are of the time of Henry VI. or Edward IV., and
are among the most perfect specimens of ancient architecture in
the Rape of Bramber." (Cartwright). Hither Thomas-a-Becket
is said frequently to have resorted, and to have planted figs near
the house. The fig orchard adjoining it was raised from some
old stocks in the rectory garden. It was planted in 1745, and
contains 100 trees, which produce about 2,000 dozen of the fruit
annually. This is probably the largest plantation of figs in
England. It is a curious fact that a bird resembling the Becca-
fico or fig-eater of Italy migrates hither during the fig season.
The flocks remain five or six weeks, and then disappear as they
came, seaward.
The church (St. Andrew) is large and handsome, with chancel,
nave with aisles, north porch, and west tower, supporting a lofty
octangular shingled spire. The nave and aisles are Early Eng
Hsh, the former very lofty with narrow clerestory windows. The
chancel and tower are Perpendicular, the former having a large
east window, a piscina, six oak stalls, some panneling and
benches. (Hussey.) The building was thoroughly restored
some years since at an expense of nearly £3,000. The window
under the tower is a memorial to Robert Southey, set up at the
expense of his eldest daughter, the wife of the present vicar.
In this church was formerly a chantry, dedicated to the Virgin,
probably founded by one of the family of Atte Felde (who were
very ancient in this and the neighbouring parishes) before the
* "Gentleman's Magazine," September, 1834.

198 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
year 1282. There are memorials in this fine church for the
names of Negus, Coopper, Whitpaine, Brookbanks, Cooke, Stiles,
Mitford, Whitebread, Jordan, Campion, Green, Haines, &c.
There are six modern bells. The church chest contains the
churchwardens' accounts from 1515 till 1579, and are full of
curious entries. The Tarringites must have led a merry life
occasionally, especially at their " church-ales," when they feasted
and drank right heartily. The bill of fare for 1562 contains
among other items, " 5 calvys, 8 lams, 4 sheype xxjs. iiijd., 5
bushels of malt, to cawfys hedes, ijd., a lygke of motton iiijd.,"
with pepper, saffron and other spices. Their " mynsterylles "
had 6s. 8d., exclusive of the " Drowme pleyr," who had 12d.
For Durrington and Heene, now ecclesiastically united with
Tarring, see those articles.
[S. A. C. John Selden, v, 79. viii, 271. xv, 170. xviii, 163. xix,
190. Ancient house, vii, 47. Durrington tithes to Sele Priory, x, 115,
121. Durrington church, x, 115. xii, 110. Stephen de Offington, land in
Durrington, xi, 100. Heene, Tortington Priory had lands, xi, 110. Parish
church, xii, 110. xv, 41. Heene, chapel of St. Botolph, xii, 110. Lucas
at Agincourt, xv, 137. Archbishop's manor, xv, 153. Bells, xvi, 225.
Hampers of, xix, 190.]

TELSCOMBE.

A parish in the Hundred of Holmstrow ; Rape of Lewes ; distant six
miles south-south-west from Lewes, its Post-town. Railway station,
Newhaven. Union, Newhaven. Population in 1811, 95 ; in 1861,
156. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £286 ; Incumbent, Rev. James
Hutchins, M.A., of Christ Church, Oxford, who is also Patron.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1684. Acreage, 1,349. Chief Land
owners, the Beard family, the Earl of Abergavenny, and the Earl De
la Warr.
A very secluded South Down village, seldom visited except by
huntsmen and lovers of racehorses. It is in a deep combe or valley,
whence the termination. It is thought to be the " Laneswice"
of Domesday, but it certainly bore the name of Titelescumbe in
Saxon times. At the end of the reign of Elizabeth the manor
belonged to Thomas, Lord Buckhurst, and after several changes
it passed, in 1690, to Henry Shelley, Esq., of Lewes, to whose
descendants, Henry and William D'Albiac, Esquires, it lately
belonged. Robert Plumer, Esq., who held the manor farm
of Courthouse in 1657, aliened it to Henry Smith, Esq., the
founder of the well-known " charity," and its proceeds are
devoted to six parishes in Surrey. The Hoddern or Hothdown,

THAKEHAM. 199
farm, in this parish was, until the last century, a rabbit warren.
Near the village is one of the " Tyes," of frequent occurrence
on and near the Downs.
The. church (St. Lawrence) was given with Southease, to the
abbey of Hyde near Winchester, in the 10th century. It is a
very small building, of chancel, nave, with north aisle and west
tower, with a pyramidal cap. A north chancel, long since de
stroyed, was rebuilt a few years since, during the renovation of
the church, towards which the late William Cotton, Esq., was a
great benefactor. The date is Transition-Norman. There are
memorials for the names of Colley, Higgins, Crew, Povey, &c.
Portobello, a coast-guard station, is a kind of hamlet of
Telscombe, and possesses nearly one-half of the population of
the parish.
[S. A. C. Bell, xvi, 226. Alcock of Tetelescombe, a partizan of Jack
Cade, xviii, 24.]

THAKEHAM.

Domesday, Taceham ; a parish in the Hundred of East Easwrith ; Rape
of Bramber ; distant four miles south-east from Pulborough station.
Post-town, Hurst- Pierpoint. Union, Thakeham. Population in 1811,
522; in 1861, 559. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £710 ; Patron
and Incumbent, Rev. John Hurst, M.A., of Trinity College, Cam
bridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1628. Acreage, 2,980.
It is a parish of the very usual Sussex shape, much
longer than it is broad. It is about five miles from south to
north, and about three-quarters of a mile from west to east.
There are two small detached portions of this parish, one called
Muttons or Childe's farm, adjacent to Washington, and the
other West Caltons, which is entirely surrounded by West
Chiltington. In Domesday, Morice held, the manor of William
de Braose, Brixi having before held it of King Edward, as 20
hides, three roods. Afterwards it was reduced to five hides.
There were 14 ploughlands, besides two in the demesne, 30
villeins, and 12 cottagers, with eight ploughs. There were a
church, a mill, and a wood of 60 hogs. " A knight holds one
hide of land, where he has five oxen with a bondman." Temp.
Edward I., the manor was valued at £14. It was held in 1270 by
the ancient family of Le Poer or Power, when Stephen Poer
died seised. " His son or grandson," says Cartwright, " died
in 1352, leaving two daughters and coheirs, between whom the
manor became divided. It is a singular circumstance that the
lineal descendants of these two daughters are, at present (1830),

200 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
joint proprietors of the manor which has descended in two un
interrupted lines, without any alienation, during the long period
of 474 years." One moiety descended through the families of
Apsley and Caldecot, to that of SheUey, of Lewes, now extinct; the
other came through the Clothalls, Wilsheres, Bellinghams, Boys,
and Lambs, to the Rev. Thomas Ferris. Thakeham Place, for
merly the residence ofthe Apsleys, was acquired by the marriage
of Stephen Apsley with Margaret, daughter of Stephen le Poer,
in the 14th century. A modern house marks the site of the
ancient mansion, which, about a century since, enclosed a
quadrangle, with an entrance gateway, a chapel, and a great
hall. A spring of clear water, known as St. Mary's well, exists
near the site. From the two coheirs of Richard Caldecot, one
portion of this property passed through several generations of
the family of Butler, and it is now part of the settled estate of
the Duke of Norfolk. The other moiety of the estate passed to
the family of Newton of Southover, and was, a few years since,
vested in their descendant, the late Mrs. W. Courthope Mabbott.
Abingsworth, in the south part ofthe parish, formerly gave name
to a now extinct family. It was for two centuries in the family
of Mellersh, and has descended through two heiresses to Edward
Fuller Upperton, Esq. Campions was formerly a place of some
importance, though now only a farm, and belonged to a branch
of the Shelleys. Apsley or Apslee, on the north-east side of the
parish, now also a farm, gave name to an influential family, who,
as we have seen, inherited a moiety of the Le Poer estate in this
parish. Sir Allen Apsley, Lieutenant of the Tower, was des
cended from a younger branch of this race, and was father of
Lucy, wife of Colonel Hutchinson, and authoress of the well-
known " Memoirs " of her husband, who occupied a consider
able position in the reigns of James I. and Charles I. (" Wor
thies of Sussex," p. 156.)
The church (according to Cartwright dedicated to St. Mary,
but, as Mr. Gibbon says, St. Peter and St. Paul) is a picturesque
building, of nave, chancel, and two transepts, with lancet win
dows. The tower appears to be of the time of Henry VII. I
have not visited this church, but a few years since it had screens
dividing the chancel and the north transept, and benches indi
cating that date. In the tower are five bells, the fourth of which
has this distich : —
" I will be glad, and much reioyce on the, o God most hie,
And make my songs extol thy name above the starrie skie, 1748."
There are many monumental inscriptions. On the floor there
are brasses for Cftomag ^pslfg, son of William Apsley, Armiger,
1517, and for IMm ^pgleg, mother of William Apsley, Armiger,

THAKEHAM. 201
1515. On an altar-tomb of Alabaster, is another brass for
S2Etll8. ^pleg, Armiger, 1527. Another altar-tomb, without
inscription, commemorates John Apsley, and Mary Lewknor his
wife, the former of whom died in 1587. An altar- tomb of Sussex
marble, despoiled of its brasses, is for William, son and heir of
John Apsley, Esquier, 1583. A much-defaced mural tableb of
Caen stone bears the arms of the same family, but no inscrip
tion, according to Cartwright's account. Still another mural
tablet remains for Edward, only son of Sir Edward Apsley, of
Apsley, 1651. Altogether the mortuary memorials of this
ancient family are most interesting. There are also tablets for
the names and families of Butler, Shelley, Mellersh, Butcher,
Fuller, Lear, Banks, Hill, Williamson, Milner, &c, &c.
In 1351 King Edward III. confirmed to Stephen le Poer or
Power, the grant of a messuage and 42 acres of arable, and
pasture for two oxen in Thakeham, for the maintenance of a
chantry in the chapel of the Blessed Virgin, in the churchyard
of Thakeham.* In 1512 a dispute arose between William
Apsley and Ralph Bellingham as to the right of patronage to
this chantry, who both claimed to be equally descended from
Stephen le Power, the founder. The Vicar-General declared
that the gift should, be alternate, and the chantry is described as
" Cantaria perpetua in capella Beatse Marise Virginis in cemeterio
eeclesise de Thacham." In the pleas of the Crown, 7th Edward
I., it is averred that John le Suche (Zouche) rector of Chilting-
ton, came armed with his neighbours and dependents into a cer
tain field called Rushfield in this parish, where Martin, rector
of Thakeham, came with his men and a cart to collect the tithes
of the same field, and when Suche saw the aforesaid Martin, he
assaulted him with an iron fork, and a tenant of his shot the
said Martin in the right breast with an arrow. Another tenant
attempted to kill the poor rector as he lay upon the ground,
with a hatchet ; whereupon the latter's servant struck the assail
ant with a bundle of wood and slew him. A coroner's inquest
followed, but with no result. Such battles of the " church
militant " were not unfrequent in the middle ages. The names
of the combatants and the witnesses are given by Cartwright,
p. 251.
[S. A. C. Apsley MSS. iv, 219. xii, 109. xiv, 224. Apsley pedigree,
iv, 220. Domesday watermill, v, 272. Tithes to Sele Priory,x, 115. Church
of, xii, 109. Weller of, xvi, 49. Church bells, xvi, 226. Lancet Brook,
xvi, 250. Butler family, xvii, 222.]
* The existence of chantry chapels in church-yards, unattachtd to the main build
ing, was not unusual at this date, and much later.

202 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
THORNEY ISLAND (or West Thorney).
Domesday, Tornei ; a parish in the Hundred of Bosham; Rape of Chi
chester, distant about seven miles south-west from that .city; Post-
town, Emsworth ; Railway station, Bosham. Union, Westbourne.
Population in 1811, 62; in 1861, 93. Benefice, a Rectory, valued
at £320 ; Patron, Philip Lyne, Esq. ; Incumbent, Rev. Chas. Philip
Lyne, M.A., of Queen's College, Oxford. Acreage, 3,005. Chief
Landowners, Frederick Padwick, Esq., and the Lyne family.
This little insulated parish lies near the centre of the estuary
called Chichester Harbour, and owing to the shallowness of the
sea, either gains or loses area by the reflux or influx of every
tide. It is within the peculiar jurisdiction of Bosham, and the
descent of the manor has been the same. After the Conquest
it was held of the church of Bosham by one Malger. A priest
is specially mentioned in Domesday.
The church is a plain ancient building of rubble and stone,
dedicated to St. Nicholas, the mariner's saint, and there is one
medieval bell, inscribed " Jhestxs." Dallaway ascribes the edi
fice to the time of Warlewast, Bishop of Exeter, founder of the
College of Bosham, about 1120. It has zigzag and other orna
ments of the Norman period.
[S. A. C. Church, xii, 79. Bell, xvi, 226. Chichester Harbour, xvi,
262. References to " Gentleman's Magazine," xviii, 95.]

THREE BRIDGES.

An important station of the London arid Brighton Railway,
from whence diverge lines to Tunbridge Wells and Midhurst.
It is situated in the parish of Worth, on a branch of the river
Mole, which formerly had three streamlets, crossed by as many
bridges, unde nomen.

TILGATE FOREST. (See Worth.)

TICEHURST.

Vulgo, Tisus; a parish in the Hundred of Shoyswell ; Rape of Hast
ings ; distant eight miles south-west from Cranbrook ; Post-town,
Hawkhurst ; Railway station, Ticehurst Road, distant about 3-|
miles. Union, Ticehurst. Population in 1811, 1,593 ; in 1861, 2,758'.
Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £700 ; Patron, the Dean and Chapter
of Canterbury ; Incumbent, Rev. Arthur Eden, M. A., of Queen's
College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1559. Acreage,

TICEHURST. 203
8,202. Chief Landowners, George Campion Courthope, Esq., and
Nathan Wetherell, Esq. Seats, Whiligh, C. Courthope, Esq. ;
Ridgeway, Samuel Newington, Esq., M.D. ; Pashley House, Nathan
Wetherell, Esq. ; Pickford, E. Curry, Esq.
Ticehurst is " the wood on the Tees," a little tributary of
the Medway, which flows through part of the parish. The manor
of Ticehurst does not appear in Domesday. In 23rd Edward I.
William de Echingham held it, and in 35th of the same reign
Edmund de Passeley, or Passeleu (Pashley) held lands here, and
in 10th Edward II. Edmund de Passele, the same, or a descend
ant, is described as lord. Two years earlier Alan de Buxhull is
said to have held Tychehurst. The descent of the manor is very
obscure. The names of Wanton, Ore, and others occur as pro
prietors of lands. In 1600 Thomas Pelham obtained a grant of
two fairs to be held here. In 16th George III. James Dalrymple,
Esq., married the daughter and heiress of John Apsley, Esq.,
whose son, John Apsley Dalrymple, Esq., was lord of the manor
under his grandfather's will. The true descent of the manor
awaits investigation.
This large parish possesses many points of interest. The vil
lage is remarkably neat, and occupies a gentle eminence. It is
surrounded by a pleasing undulated country. Hops are grown
to a considerable extent.
Pashley, a manor and estate in Ticehurst, gave name to the
ancient family of Pashley, or Passeleu, which produced the well-
known Edmund de Passeleu, Baron of the Exchequer temp.
Edward I. In the reign of Elizabeth it became the property of
the family of May, from whom descended the. Mays of Burwash
(the poet's branch), and of Rawmere in West Sussex. The heiress
of Thomas May, Esq., married the Rev. Richard Wetherell, and
died in 1833. The mansion was built temp. James I. It has the
date of 1612, and contains some excellent oak carving of that
date. It was formerly moated. Borezell is a moated manor
house of considerable antiquity, and was for many descents the
estate of the family of Roberts, descended from the ancient
house of that name, at Glassenbury, in Kent. It is now the
property of George Burrow Gregory, Esq., M.P. The family of
Newington are of long standing in Ticehurst. They are de
scended from Sir AdamNewington, of Withernden in this parish,
Knight, who was living in 1481, and the estate, until lately, re
mained in their possession. They have still excellent property
in the parish. The family have been for several generations
famed for their medical skill, and the late Mr. Newington,
sen., of Vineyards, founded an establishment for the recep
tion of lunatics of the higher class. His son, Mr. Charles
Newington, much enlarged the original plan, and at High-

204 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
lands erected a splendid series of ornamental buildings on
a commanding and beautiful site, about half a mile from
the village. The Chinese Gallery is a large building for in
door promenades, and there are spacious grounds, occupying
200 acres, with carriage-drives, walks, plantations, cricket
and archery grounds, billiard-rooms, a museum, fountains,
aviaries, conservatories, and a handsome chapel. This is one
of the finest establishments in the kingdom for the nervous and
insane, and the kind and humane treatment which the unfortu
nate inmates receive tends much to relieve their sufferings. (See
memoir of Charles Newington in the " Worthies of Sussex,"
254). The establishment is now the property and under the
care of his son, Dr. Samuel Newington. — Whiligh, an ancient
manor, formerly held by the families of Pashley, Warde, Shoys-
well, and Sanders, came into the possession of John Courthope,
Esq., in 1512, from whom it has descended to George Campion
Courthope, Esq., the present proprietor. Whiligh is a large
structure of brick, surrounded by fine trees in the centre of an
extensive park, and lies about three miles from the village.
There are several other excellent residences, villas, &c, in the
parish. Ticehurst gave name to a family now widely spread in
the middle and lower classes of society.
The church (St. Mary) consists of a nave, with aisles, a
chancel, flanked with two chantry or manorial chapels, each
having a piscina, and a tower with shingled spire. There are
six bells, dated 1771, with doggerel verses on each. On the north
side of the porch are the arms of Echingham. In the windows
are some remains of ancient painted glass. There is a brass for
3foi)tt {ttSJUBfiame, Esq., and his two wives, Edith and Agnes, date
1490 ; and there are interesting memorials for the Courtnopes
of Whiligh, the Mays of Pashley, the Robertses of Borezell, and
the Newingtons of Withernden, and references to the names of
Rivers, Elliot, Hollist, Scafe, Busbridge, .Apsley, and many
others. Over the porch is a parvise, or upper chamber, with a
grated window, supposed to have been a manorial prison.
Ticehurst has two district churches : —
Stonegate, 2£ miles south-west of the parish church, is a
Perpetual Curacy ; Patron, G. C. Courthope, Esq. ; Incumbent,
Rev. J. D'Arcy W. Preston. Population in 1861, 525. Dedica
tion, St. Peter.
Flimwell, 2f miles east, is also a Perpetual Curacy, value
£100, in the gift of the Bishop of Chichester, and held by the
Rev. Chas. James Eagleton, B.A. Population in 1861, 804. Dedi
cation, St. Augustine.
[S. A. C. Iron-works, ii, 217. Wybamc brass and family, viii, 17.
Passeley and La Leake Chapels, &c, xiii, 47. xix, 88. Grant of lands by

TILLINGTON. 205
Queen Elizabeth, xiii, 110. Rectory belonged to Hastings Priory, xiii,
156. Hamerden manor, xiv, 112. Apsley family, xiv, 114. Courthope
family, xvi, 46. Whiligh, xvi, 46. Church bells, xvi, 226. xvi, 231. xvi,
232. Borezell and Roberts family, xvi, 292. Pashley, ibid. May family,
xvi, 292. xix, 88. Tyse, or Tees, river, xvi, 272. Manor to Battle Abbey,
xvii, 54. Cade's insurrection, xviii, 24.]

TIDEBROOK. (See Wadhurst.)

TILLINGTON.
Domesday, Tolintune ; a parish in the Hundred of Rotherbridge ; Rape
of Arundel ; distant one mile west from Petworth, its Post-town and
Railway station. Union, Midhurst. Population in 1811, 650; in
1861, 908. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £740 ; Patron, Lord
Leconfield ; Incumbent, Rev. Robert Ridsdale, M.A., of Clare
College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1572. Acre
age, 3,766. Chief Landowners, Lord Leconfield and William Town-
ley Mitford, Esq., M.P., of Pitts Hill.
In the reign of Edward the Confessor the Countess Eddeva
held under that monarch, and temp. Domesday Robert was
tenant of Earl Roger. At the creation of the Honour of Pet
worth for Josceline of Louvaine, Tillington became a constituent
part, and has so continued, Lord Leconfield holding in demesne
and free land 1,957 acres, part of which is in the great park of
Petworth. In 1760, William Mitford, Esq., descended from the
great northern family of Mitford Castle, co. Northumberland,
began the erection of the mansion called Pitts Hill, which
was completed by his son in 1794. The site is remarkable for
great natural beauty, and the appliances of art have rendered
it a charming residence.
The church of Alihallows has portions in the Decorated style.
It consists of a chancel, and a nave and south aisle, separated
by a low arcade, the capitals of which are of the early part of
the 14th century. The light and lofty tower finished with flying
arches, crossed in the centre, was erected in 1807 at the expense
of the late Earl of Egremont (Dallaway). The inscriptions in
the church are interesting, and comprise the names of Spencer
(1593), Milward, Rowe, Mitford, and Capron, and of Dr. William
Cox, a controversial rector, 1658 (see " Worthies of Sussex," p.
340). At River in this parish there seems to have been a chapel ;
there are enclosures known as Chapel Field, Lady Field, Soui
Field, and Chantry Field. A stone coffin was dug up here.
(Arnold's Petworth). The rectory house is substantial and
handsome.

206 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
At or near Tillington was born, in 1753, JohnKeyse Sherwin,
the talented but unfortunate engraver. (" Worthies of Sussex,"
p. 37.)
[S. A. C. Clock of Charles I, iii, 103. -Domesday watermill, v, 272.
Church, xii, 103. xvi, 226.]

TORTINGTON.

A parish in the Hundred of Avisford ; Rape of Arundel ; distant 11
mile south-west from Arundel, its Post-town. Railway stations,
Arundel and Ford. Union, East Preston. Population in 1811, 78 ;
in 1861, 112. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £175 ; Patron, the
Duke of Norfolk ; Incumbent, Rev. R. P. Tompkins, B.A., of St.
John's College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1560.
Acreage, 1,131. Chief Landowners, the Duke of Norfolk and J,
Montefiore, Esq.
Tortington lies partly on the alluvium of the Aran, which
river forms its eastern boundary. On the north, towards Arundel
Park, there is considerable woodland. The manor was held in
Saxon times by one Lewin, a free man, and was assessed at 4
hides. After the Conquest, Ernucion held it of Earl Roger de
Montgomeri at 3 hides. There were 6 villeins, 2 cottars, and a
wood of 6 hogs. In 1210 the Prior of Tortington was rated at
2 knights' fees, which he held by the service of defending Arun
del Castle for forty days, during the time of siege. In 1244
John Fitz-Alan obtained it, and annexed it to his demesne of
Arundel. A subsequent member of the Arundel family, in 9th
Elizabeth, sold it to John Apsley, Esq., who transferred it to
Roger Gratwicke, Esq., who built the manor-house called Tor
tington Place. It afterwards passed through the families of
Weekes and Leeves into the hands of Charles, Duke of Norfolk,
in whose noble descendant it still vests. Pedigrees of the Grat
wicke and Leeves families are given by Dallaway (" Rape of
Arundel," page 83).
The Priory of Tortington stood on the banks of the river,
about 1£ mile below Arundel, and its existing remains are con
fined to some walls in a barn near the farm-house of Tortington.
This Priory of Augustinian canons, which Was dedicated to St.
Mary Magdalen, was founded by the Lady Hadvisia Corbet, who
is conjectured to have been of the D'Albini family; but of this
lady's history and the exact date of the foundation little is
known. The Priory was in existence temp. King John, and it
was probably dependent upon the Abbey of Seez in Normandy.
Its revenues were mainly derived from lands in West Sussex,
and the Prior had an " inn " or town house in the parish of St.

TREYFOKD. 207
Swithin, in London. Few and simple are the annals of this
small establishment, and, like others of its class, it was in a
state of poverty down to the date of the Dissolution, when the
revenues were valued at only £101 4s. Id. The establishment
was evidently badly conducted, for in 1478 the Prior was accused
of idolatry by adoring the bread and wine, and by placing relics
of the saints on the altar, wherefrom arose unseemly strife.
The church is very small, and has only chancel and nave, with
a wooden bell-cot over the west end, and south porch. It was
formerly larger, and probably cruciform in arrangement. It
has Norman features, and some which are probably Early Eng
lish. There is some early painted glass. The building has been
much patched. There is a brass plate for IK.03W ©tafrjufe, lord
of the manor of Tortington-Cheneys, 1596, and another inscrip
tion for the names of Lister, &c. There is one bell.
[S. A. C. Priory had lands in Lyminster, xi, 106. xiii, 46. Notes on
the Priory (Turner), xi, 109. xviii, 55. Leeves family, xii, 102. Box
grove Priory lands here, xv, 90. Bell, xvi, 226. River Arun, xvi, 258.
Gratwick family, xvii, 159.]

TREYFORD.
Domesday, Treverde ; a parish in the Hundred of Dumpford ; Rape of
Chichester ; distant five miles south-west from Midhurst ; Post-town,
Petersfield. Union, Midhurst. Population in 1811, 114; in 1861,
123. Benefice, a Rectory, with the Vicarages of Elsted and Didling
annexed ; Patroness, Hon. Mrs. Vernon Harcourt ; Incumbent, Rev.
William Downes Willis, M.A., of Sidney Sussex-College, Cambridge.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1728. The whole parish, consisting
of 1,260 acres, belongs to the Hon. Mrs. Vernon Harcourt.
It is a long and narrow parish, and the village stands on a
slope of the South Downs. On the top of Treyford hill is a line
of five lofty barrows, called " Devil's Jumps." The manor was
held, before the Conquest, by Alard, of Earl Godwin ; afterwards
of Earl Roger, by Robert Fitz-Tebald. In the 16th century,
and probably earlier, it was held by the Aylwins, a family of
great antiquity in this district. They continued in possession
until 1772, when Robert Ay 1 win, the last male ofthe elder line,
died, leaving two daughters and. co-heiresses, Mary, married to
Charles Talbot, second son of George, Earl of Shrewsbury, and
Elizabeth, wife of Sir William Mannock, Bart. They sold it to
Sir James Peachey, Bart., whose descendant, Henry John, third
Lord Selsey, dying without issue in 1838, the property passed
to his only sister, the Hon. Mrs. Vernon Harcourt. The name
of Aylwin is still subsisting in younger branches, chiefly farmers,

208 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
in this and the adjacent parishes. The ancient manor-house of
the Aylwins, which has some- remarkably fine brickwork, still
remains. The old church (St. Mary) was superseded by a new one,
dedicated to St. Peter, which was consecrated in 1849, having
been built at the charge of the patrons, the Rev. L. Vernon
Harcourt, and the Hon. Mrs. Vernon Harcourt. It is from
designs by Ferry, and consists of a chancel, nave, north and
south aisles, with a tower and spire at the north-west angle.
The style is Decorated, and the workmanship excellent. The
spire, reaching the height of 120 feet, is a conspicuous ornament
to the landscape. This church affords accommodation to the
two affiliated parishes of Elstead and Didling.
[S. A. C. Domesday watermill, v, 272. Church, xii, 79. Bell, xvi, 226.
River Rother, xvii, 259.]

TROTTON.
Domesday, Traitune; a parish in the Hundred of Dumpford ; Rape of
Chichester ; distant four miles west from Midhurst ; Post-town,
Petersfield, which is also its Railway station, distant about six miles.
Union, Midhurst. Population in 1811, 370; in 1861, 452. Benefice,
a Rectory, valued at £296 ; Patron and Incumbent, Rev. Edward
William Batchellor, B. A., of Christ Church, Oxford. Date of earliest
Parish Register, l581. Acreage, 3,877.
Like many parishes in this district, Trotton is much dis-
proportioned in its length and breadth, the former being from
south to north nearly seven miles, while the latter averages but
| of a mile. The village is situated on a fertile soil, near the
north bank of the Western Rother. The scenery in many parts
is rich and picturesque. The manor was held in Saxon times
by the Countess Goda of the King. At the date of Domesday
it had a church and a mill, and formed part of the vast estate of
Earl Roger de Montgomeri. In the reign of Edward I. it was
held by military tenure by Sir Ralph Camoys, who gave it the
name of Camoys Court. His distinguished, descendants, the
Barons Camoys, became extinct in the male line in the 15th
century, when Trotton passed, by a co-heiress, to the Lewknor
family. The male issue of this branch failed in 1520, and a co
heiress conveyed it to the family of Mille, at a later period
Baronets, who held it for several generations. In 1723 it
belonged to Alcocke, in 1834 to Twyford, afterwards to Mowatt,
and it is now in the possession of Reginald Henry Nevill, Esq.
Dumpford, in this parish, gives name to the Hundred ; and the
chapelry of Milland, in a remote part of the parish, has a

TROTTON. 209
chapel (St. Luke) called, in the 16th century, " the chappill of
Tuck's-hythe."* The church (St. George) was re-built towards the year 1400,
by Thomas, Lord Camoys, K.G., who also erected the bridge
over the Rother. It consists of a nave and chancel, under one
roof, and tower, with shingled spire. It contains an interesting
brass, unfortunately much mutilated, for the Lady Jiftatgawt
(KamogS, 1310 (perhaps the earliest for a lady in England), and
a magnificent table-tomb with canopied brasses for Cijutrias,
ISatOtt <£amu£0, and Elizabeth, his wife, the widow of Henry
(Hotspur) Percy, and the "Gentle Kate " of Shakspeare (1419).
There are likewise three table-tombs, of which the inscriptions
are almost erased, but one of then seems to commemorate the
family of Forster. There are later memorials for the families
of Alcocke, Aylwin, Twyford, &c.
At the rectory-house in this parish, was born, in 1651, Thomas
Otway, the greatest tragic poet, next to Shakspeare, whom the
English tongue has known. At the time of his birth, his father,
Humphrey Otway, was curate of Trotton, and afterwards rector
of Woolbeding. For memoirs of this man of genius, whose
rugged and troublous life and wretched death were in them
selves a tragedy, see " Worthies of Sussex," p. 203. William
Joliffe, Esq., a short time since resident at Trotton, has paid
a tribute to the poet's memory by a Latin inscription on a brass
plate in the church.
Trotton Bridge of five arches spans the Rother, and is unques
tionably the finest bridge in Sussex. The arches are supported
by ribs, and the whole structure, which is of the stone of the
country, is eminently picturesque. A local tradition asserts that
it cost Lord Camoys only a few pence less than the church, which
is extremely probable.
At Trotton Place, close to the church-yard, a mansion of the
time of Queen Anne, with recent additions, resides Arthur
Edward Knox, Esq. (lessee) the accomplished author of " Orni
thological Rambles in Sussex," and other works on similar
subjects. The house, doubtless, represents the site of the manor-
house, though the old Camoys Court, or Castle, I think, from
inspection, must have stood on a hillock to the south-east of
the church, near which traces of old foundations are frequently
turned up.
[S. A. C. Domesday watermill,v, 272. Milland chapel, and Cobden, xii,
75. Church, xii, 79. Forster, xvi, 50. Bells, xvi, 218, 226. Otway, xvi, 257,
259. River Rother and Bridge, xvi, 259. Lewknor, xvii, 97. Milles, of
Camois Court, xvii, 112. Trotton topography, xviii, 95.]
* MillaDd is now dismembered from Trotton, and forms a separate parish.
VOL. 11. p

210 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
TUNBRIDGE WELLS.
This beautiful and elegant resort of fashion lies partly in
the parishes of Tunbridge and Speldhurst, in Kent, and partly
in Frant, in Sussex. The population now probably exceeds
12,000. It has a railway station on a branch of the South-
Eastern line, and lies about 32 miles from London and five miles
south of " Tunbridge town." This now well-known place was,
two centuries and a half since, for the most part a heathy plain,
interspersed with rocks, till, in 1606, Dudley, Lord North, then
on a visit at Eridge, the seat of Lord Abergavenny, discovered
the valuable chalybeate spring emanating from a bed of secon
dary iron ore, and having drunk the waters of it found great
benefit from them. The Earl of Abergavenny enclosed the spring,
and made improvements for the attraction of visitors. The
scheme was successful, and in 1630 Queen Henrietta came
hither with a large retinue, but was obliged to encamp on the
down for want of house accommodation. For many years after
this the visitors, during the summer season, were literally
" dwellers in tents," or had to resort for lodging to Southborough
and other places. Catharine of Braganza, Queen of Charles II.,
admired the spot, which soon became a fashionable watering-
place, but it was not until such men as Cibber, Dr. Johnson,
Garrick, Richardson, &c, a century later, patronized the place
that it acquired a wide renown. The original spring still remains
open, and is surrounded by modern erections. The articles of
inlaid wood for boxes, toys, &c, known as " Tunbridge ware,"
have long been manufactured here.
The scenery is everywhere pleasing and romantic, and one
hardly knows whether to call Tunbridge Wells an urbs in rure or
a rus in urbe, so delightfully mixed up are its houses, commons,
green glades, and sandstone rocks. The " high rocks" are most
interesting. In a valley close to Rusthall Common, about a mile
distant, is another group of rocks very remarkably shaped, and
one of them, the most singular in the group, is known as the
" Toad Rock." The living is a perpetual curacy, and the old
chapel of ease, originally built in the seventeenth century, is
dedicated to St. Charles the Martyr ! Christ Church and Trinity
are modern succursales, and there are other places of worship for
nearly every denomination. Public institutions of many kinds
are abundant. The undulating character of the country gives
rise to several rather curious designations, as Mount Ephraim,
Mount Sion, Mount Pleasant, and Bishop's Down. Calverley
Park is another pleasant spot. New mansions are springing up
in every direction, and me judice, there is no more delightful
retreat in England than Tunbridge Wells.

TURWICK. TWINEHAM. 211
TURNER'S HILL.
A considerable hamlet in the parish of Worth.

TURWICK or TERWICK.

A parish in the Hundred of Dumpford, Rape of Chichester; distant about
six miles west from Midhurst ; Post-town, Petersfield. Union, Mid
hurst. Population in 1811, 109; in 1861, 106. Benefice, a Rectory,
valued at £173; Patron, T. A. Richards, Esq.; Incumbent, Rev. Wil
liam Steward Richards, M.A., of Jesus College, Oxford. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1577. Acreage, 718. Chief Landowners,
Thomas Ridge, Esq., and Reginald H. Nevill, Esq.
From Norman times the descent of Turwick has been
associated with that of Rogate, which see.
Dangstein House in this parish is a large mansion, built
within the last 40 years, in the Grecian style, and occupying a
commanding site, with a genuine West Sussex landscape. It is
the seat of Reginald H. Nevill, Esq., and the Hon. Lady Nevill.
The gardens attached to this house are very large and beautiful,
and the numerous conservatories contain an extensive collection
of all that is botanically rare and choice. The fernery is, perhaps,
under the skill and taste of the honourable lady of the house, the
finest in England.
The church, dedicated to St. Peter, is a small plain structure,
and was restored in 1847.
[S.A.C. Church, xii, 79. Bells, xvi, 226. River Rother, xvi, 259.]

TWINEHAM.

A parish in the Half- Hundred of Wyndham ; Rape of Lewes ; distant
5^ miles south-west from Cuckfield, its Post-town. Railway station,
Burgess Hill, distant about five miles. Union, Cuckfield. Population
in 1811, 234; in 1861, 339. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £400 ;
Patron, Sir Charles Goring, Bart ; Incumbent, Rev. William Moly-
neux, M.A., of Christ Church, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Re
gister, 1716. Acreage, 1,908. Chief Landowner, John Wood, Esq.,
of Hickstead.
Twineham is described in Domesday as Benefelle. Its prin
cipal manor is now called Twineham Benfeld, and had formerly
owners of its own name. In the 17th century it belonged to
the Coverts, and passed from them by marriage to the Gorings
of Highden, who still hold it. The manor of Twineham proper
belonged to the Lords la Warr, who were resident there ; but
p 2

212 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
in the reign of Elizabeth it became the property of the family
of Stapley, who dwelt at their manor house of Hickstead until
1762, when, on the death of Richard Stapley, Esq., it devolved
on Martha, his eldest daughter and co-heiress, who married
John Wood, Esq. His son, J. Wood, Esq., who died in 1831,
bequeathed it to his nephew, the present possessor. It was
anciently held of the barony of Lewes by the service of a pair
of gilt spurs and 6d. Hickstead Place, which has traces of the
architecture of temp. Henry VII., including carved work with
the badges of the Lords la Warr, has been fitted up most taste
fully in medieval fashion by the present proprietor. Near the
house is a building fancifully called the Castle, which is evidently
only a portion of the original mansion.
The church (St. Peter) consists of chancel, nave, south porch,
and western tower, the whole, except a low shingled spire, built
of brick, a material very unusual in this district. It is probably
of the last half of the 16th century. It contains many inscrip
tions for the Stapleys, and one or two for the Woods. There
are three bells, two of which are ancient and inscribed to St.
John Baptist, and Simon Peter. In the south window of the
chancel are the arms of La Warr, probably removed from an
earlier church.
[S. A. C. Interesting Diaries of the Stapleys, ii, 102 — 128 (Turner).
xviii, 151 — 162 (Turner). Pedigree of, ii, 117. Coverts of, x, 160.
Bynes of, xii, 111. Poynings of, xv, 16. Killingbeck of, and Quakers,
xvi, 71. Bells, xvi, 226. River Adur, xvi, 251. Edward Hinde, rector,
xviii, 152. Church, xviii, 154. Westlands in, xviii, 159. Earthquake,
record of, xviii, 161. Wapses, Colwells, Wyndhams, Cripps, Wood,
xviii, 153. Morley manor, church repaired, Streatfeild, xviii, 154. Lin-
tott, " the largest man that ever was seen," died 1732, Benefields, Goring,
xviii, 158. Roman remains, xix, 195.]

UCKFIELD.
Vulgo, TJckful ; a parish in the Hundred of Loxfield-Dorset ; Rape
of Pevensey ; distant eight miles north-east of Lewes. It is a
Post-town, and has a Railway station on the Brighton and Tunbridge
Wells line. It is the centre of a Poor-Law Union. Population in
1811, 916 ; in 1861, 1,740. Benefice, a Perpetual Curacy, valued at
£335 2s. 6d. ; Patron, the Archbishop of Canterbury, one of whose
Peculiars it is ; Incumbent, Rev. Edward Thomas Cardale, M.A.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1538. Acreage, 1,717. Seats, The
Rocks, Richard James Streatfeild, Esq. ; Uckfield House, John Day,
Esq. ; Molesey Gore, Fred. Brodie, Esq., &c.
This interesting little town is delightfully situated on the

UCKFIELD. 213
sand formation forming the Forest Ridge of Sussex, and is re
markable for its healthful climate and picturesque scenery. It
was anciently a portion of the great parish of Buxted, but it
has been dismembered for civil and ecclesiastical purposes for
a considerable length of time. The Rev. Edward Turner's ac
count of the parish is full of interest as to its ancient history.
(" Sussex Collections," vol. xii.) That gentleman justly observes
that " this place has become singularly modern — almost every
thing of antiquarian value about it having of late years fast
disappeared." The church (formerly chapel) of Uckfield is a
recent building for the most part, though a few ancient fea
tures have been retained. The Tudoresque old bridge of three
arches, which spanned the Uckfield branch of the Ouse, has
given way to a railway bridge of no picturesque interest.
Madame d'Arblay, so long ago as 1779, could not discover any
thing of interest in Uckfield, when she visited it with Mrs.
Thrale, en route from Tunbridge Wells to Brighton.
The name of the parish is probably derived from the oak tree,
though this etymology has been doubted, as this is not an oak-
growing district. Perhaps some remarkable oak stood here.
Ashcombe is not celebrated for its ash trees, nor Thornhill for
its thorns, nor Appledore for its apple-trees ; but among our
Saxon ancestors it was quite customary to name a place from
some individual tree, and, upon the lucus a non lucendo principle,
the rarer a particular tree was, the more likely it was to confer
its name on the locality. The medieval spelling of the name is
Okenfeld or Okyngfeld. The parish, or rather chapelry, does
not appear in Domesday, and the earliest record we have of it
is, according to Mr. Turner, 1291 (" Pope Nicholas's Taxation"),
though he thinks a church existed here nearly a century earlier
than that date. In 1299 King Edward I., on a "progress"
from Canterbury to Chichester, staid at Uckfield for one night.
His retinue must have been large, for he had to purchase a great
deal of beer. The entry in the record is : "To the clerk of the
pantry for 82 gallons of beer, bought from Arnald de Uckfield,
at Uckfield, 23rd June, 10s." The roads were no doubt dusty,
and the suite thirsty after their ride.
The old church, dedicated to the Holy Cross, had features of
Perpendicular, Decorated, and probably earlier styles. It being
in a state of dilapidation, and inadequate to the population, it
was taken down in 1839. There are memorials for the families
and names of Wilson, Courthope, Egles, Goring, Streatfeild,
Ogle, Ellis, and Fuller. The last mentioned has a brass of a
male figure, and bears the date of 1610, and a record of his
benefaction to several parishes, of which Uckfield is one. The

214 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
gift consisted of 10s. per annum, and the following doggerel
stanza is placed on the tomb : —
" Now I am dead and layd in grave,
And that my bones are rotten,
By this shall I remember'd be,
Or else I am forgotten."
A gentleman having read this epitaph gave the following
impromptu : — " 0, traveller, stop 1 for tho' his bones be rotten,
Fuller rests here, and must not be forgotten :
For lo, he gave ten shillings that his name
Might live for ever on the scroll of fame I"
This John Fuller, gentleman, whose family were settled here
for three generations, was ancestor of the Fullers, a family of
great importance, who settled at Waldron, at Lewes, and several
other places in East Sussex, and ultimately at Rose Hill, in
Brightling, and were amongst the chief iron-masters of the
county. The tower contains eight bells of no great antiquity,
but with quaint inscriptions.
Opposite the King's Head Inn is an apartment of stone with
several recessed arches in the wall. It is now occupied by a
baker. There is a tradition that this was formerly a prison cell,
and that Richard Woodman, the well-known Protestant Martyr,
was once confined in it during the Marian persecution ; which
is quite probable, as that brave man was born at Buxted, close
by, and he speaks of one Goodman Day, of Uckfield, in his ex
amination. A free school was founded in or about 1690 by Dr. Anthony
Saunders, rector of Buxted. By his will, dated 1718, he pro
vided for the education of twelve boys, six belonging to the
parish of Buxted and six to Uckfield. He left his library, which
consists of several hundred volumes of theology and classics, to
this charity, which has been extended to twenty -four boys. The
school-house stands in Church Street. Here in former years
several well-known Sussex men, among whom was Dr. Edward
Daniel Clarke, the celebrated traveller, received their prelimin
ary education. It may be mentioned that another learned
English writer, Jeremiah Markland, resided at Uckfield in the
middle of the last century.
The town is, as I have said, delightfully situated. The High
Street is particularly neat, and is flanked, by several excellent
residences ; but the great picturesque beauty of the place is the
Lake close to the mansion called the Rocks. It is nearly sur
rounded by sandstone cliffs overhanging the water, from twenty
to. thirty feet high. Among their crevices trees grow luxuriantly,
and in the lake there is an island covered with shrubs and trees.

UDIMORE. 215
Uckfield may be regarded as a kind of head quarters for as
tronomical science in the county. C. Leeson Prince, Esq.,
F.R.A.S., and Frederick Brodie, Esq., F.R.A.S., having observa
tories in the town, while Captain Noble, of Forest Lodge, in the
adjacent parish of Maresfield, possesses another. The purity of
the local atmosphere has probably led these gentlemen in some
measure to this branch of scientific enquiry.
[S. A. C. Ironworks, iii, 243. xix, 206. King Edward I. at, ii, 143.
xii, 6. Wilson, family of, x, 38. xii, 20. Hutchinsons of, xi, 45. Wood
wards of, xii, 10. Church, xii, 1. xx, 230. Ancient stone apartment —
Woodman's prison, xii, 9. Dr. Saunders' school, xii, 12. xiv, 165. John
Puller, gentleman, xii, 18. Fuller family, xiii, 97. Egles family, xii, 19.
xix, 206. Jeremiah Markland, xii, 21. Dr. E. D. Clarke, ibid. Eversfield
of, xiv, 111. River, xv, 161. Centre of Wildish parts, xvi, 30. Hart
family, xvii, 257. Baker of, and Jack Cade, xviii, 23, 38. Lindfield ac
counts passed at, xix, 47. The Bitorne's clee, xx, 226. Chapel of Uckfeld,
xx, 230.

UDIMORE.
Domesday, Dodimore; vulgo, Uddymer; aparishinthe Hundred of Gostrow ;
Rape of Hastings; distant 3| miles from Winchelsea. Post-town, Rye.
Railway station, Winchelsea. Union, Rye. Population in 1811, 375 ;
in 1861, 444. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £100, with several bene
factions. Patron, Frederick Langford, Esq. ; Incumbent, Rev. Thos.
Lewis,M.A. Dateof earliest Parish Register, 1558. Acreage, 2,221.
This parish, which lies chiefly on upland ground, is bounded
on the south by the Brede channel. In the fourteenth century
it suffered much from inundations on its lower side. Dodimore
is described in Domesday as in the hundred of Babinreode which
most probably corresponds, or nearly so, with the modern hun
dred of Gostrow. Reinbert held it of the Earl of Eu. Before
the Conquest, Algar (a name still existing in East Sussex) held
it of Godwin, father of Harold. It was always held as six hides.
There was a church, and the manor was valued at eight pounds.
In 23rd Edward I. William, Lord Echingham, obtained free-
warren for his manor of Odymere. In his descendants it vested
until temp. Henry VI. In 1478, John Elrington obtained an
other grant of free-warren, for Udimere, and to enclose a park
and fortify his mansion. Temp. Elizabeth, Henry, Lord Windsor,
was lord. Later still, it passed to the Burdets and Bromfields,
who held it of the family of Pelham, as of their castle and
honour of Hastings. In 1717, Spencer Compton was lord, and it
descended to the Cavendish family. Among the principal old
houses in the parish were or are — Parsonage Place, once
.the abode of a branch of the Coopers of Icklesham; Knellstone,

216 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
the residence of the family of Frebody, who were here for many
generations; Hammonds (the Woodhams family); and Jordans,,
which was the home of a gentle family bearing that name.
The old manor-house of the Bromfields stood to the south of
the church-yard. Thomas Bromfield, Esq., who died in 1690,
is supposed to have been the last of that family resident in
Udimore. A detached portion of the parish known as Little
Udimore is surrounded by Sedlescombe and Brede. By the
Reform Act of 1832, the whole parish was annexed for electoral
purposes to the borough of Rye.
The church (St. Mary), though small, is ancient (Horsfield
says Early English), and has a chancel, nave, and a tower con
taining three bells. There was formerly a south aisle. The
chancel contained, in 1835, no less than nine lancet windows.
(Horsfield.) There are monuments or inscriptions for the fami
lies of Jordan, Frebody, Burdet, Cooper, Woodhams, &c. This
church was anciently appropriated to the Abbey of Roberts-
bridge. A curious legend to the effect that Udimore derives its name from a
circumstance connected with the building of this edifice is remembered
by old inhabitants. The parishioners began to build themselves a church
on the opposite side of the little river Ree, to that on which it was even
tually reared. Night after night, however, witnessed the dislocation of
huge stones from the walls built on the preceding day, and the pious
work bade fair to be interminable. Grave suspicious arose among the
parishioners that they had selected an unholy, and consequently, an im
proper, site for the building, and these were eventually confirmed. Un
seen hands hurled the stones to the opposite side of the stream, and an
awful supernatural voice in the air uttered, in warning and reproachful
tones, the words " O'er the mere; o'er the mere;" thus at once indicating
a more appropriate situation for the sacred edifice, and by anticipation
conferring a name upon it, for the transformation of the phrase " O'er
the mere," into Udimore, was no great difficulty.*
The following hexameters are inscribed in the parish regis
ter : — " Udimer infelix I nimis est cui Presbyter unus ;
Preshyter infelix ! cui non satis Udimer una ;
Impropriator habet Clero quaa propria durus,
Atque alter proprios Clerus peregrinus et hospes ;
Ex decimis decimis fruitur lege sacerdos.
Alter Evangelio reliquis prohibente potitur
Eheu I quam pingui macer est mihi passer in arvo
Idem est exitium fidei fideique ministro." Ita aueritwr Step. Parr, Vic.
[S. A. C.King Edward I. visit, ii, 140. Smugglers, x, 92. Manor house
* I must beg the reader's pardon for this piece of self-quotation. It originally ap
peared in my " Contributions to Literature."

UPMARDEN. 217
fortified, xiii, 117. Elryngtons of, xiii, 116. Church, xiii, 136. Grant of
Ranulph to the Canons of Hastings, xiii, 138. Legend respecting the
church, xiii, 226. Burdett family, xiv, 30. Bromfield, xiv, 115, 229. Church
bells, xvi, 227. Tithes to Battle Abbey, xvii, 55. Cade's insurrection, xviii,
25.]

UPPER BEEDING, See Beeding Upper.

UPMARDEN.
Domesday, Merdon; vulgo, Mam; a parish in the Hundred of Westbourne ;
Rape of Chichester ; distant nine miles north-west from Chichester.
Post-town, Emsworth. Union, Westbourne. Population in 1811, 246;
in 1861, 366. Benefice, a Vicarage, united with Compton. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1748. Acreage, 2,928. Chief Landowners,
Admiral Sir Phipps Hornby, and Alexander H. Hall, Esq., of Water
gate House.
The group of villages called "the Mardens" lies on the
Downs, and its derivation from the Saxon mor, a waste heathy
land, and dun, a hill, answers to the geographical position and
ancient state. Domesday mentions four Merduns, and although
four still exist, it would be difficult in each instance to appropriate
description to locality. One was held in Saxon times by Aldwin,
and Alaric ; another by Lepsi, of Gida, the countess of Earl
Godwin ; the third by Alwin, of the Confessor ; and the fourth
by Earl Godwin. After the Conquest, Earl Roger held them
all. Upmarden has belonged at different periods to the Fitz-
Alan family, to John, Lord Lumley, the Pages, and the Peck-
hams, and has from the last-named passed as Compton.
West Marden is a hamlet in this parish : its chapel was de
stroyed long since. The mansion of Watergate was built by
William Drury (who was afterwards a gentleman of the privy
chamber to Charles I.) before the year 1609, and continued in
his descendants for several generations. It is now the property
of Alexander H. Hall, Esq.
The Church (St. Michael) is small and ancient. Rickman
(1848) considers the wall-plate of the building to represent an
example of the Early English style, with the tooth moulding.
There are memorials for the names of Thomas, Phipps, Peck
ham, &c.
[S. A. C. Church, xii, 79. Bells, xvi, 218. Green of West Marden, xvi,
50. Oxford road to Chichester, xix, 169. Knights Hospitallers of Midhurst
had lands in, xx, 27.]

218 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
UP-WALTHAM, or Upper Waltham.
Domesday, Waltham ; a parish in the Hundred of Box and Stockbridge ;
Rape of Chichester ; distant six miles south-west from Petworth, its
Post-town. Union, West Hampnett. Population in 1811, 49 ; in
1861, 71. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £128 ; Patron, Lord
Leconfield ; Incumbent, Rev. Henry Cogan, M.A., of St. John's
College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1790. Acreage,
1,245. Chief Landowner, Lord Leconfield.
It is Up or Upper Waltham (sometimes West Waltham) in
contradistinction from Cold Waltham, near the Arun. It occu
pies a hilly site on the Downs, whence the prefix. Two Wal-
thams are mentioned in Domesday. At an early period the
family of De Alta Ripa, or Dawtrey, held the manor, and con
tinued in possession for many generations. In 1776 it was pur
chased of the family of Luther (who inherited from that ancient
race) by the late Lord Egremont, and added to the Petworth
estate. The church is a small building of nave and chancel, with a
dovecot spire. A late description calls it Early English, but as
the diminutive chancel terminates with a semi-circular apse, it
must be at least on Norman foundations. A rude engraving in
the "Gentleman's Magazine" for 1793, misnames it Much-
Waltham. [S. A. C. Lands to Tortington Priory, xi, 110. Parish, &c, xviii, 96.
Reede of, xix, 201.]

VERDLET.
A manor in Farnhurst, which formerly had a small fortified
building known as Verdley Castle, the ruins of which existed
within the memory of persons still living. The manor is not
mentioned in Domesday, but it has long been held of the Honour
of Petworth. Of the history of this " Castle," little or nothing
is known. Several traditional stories as to its original use have
been current, without the slightest foundation. I believe, with
the Rev. Edward Turner, that it was simply a hunting-tower,
attached to some lordship, probably that of the De Bohuns.
Some fragments of the walls were standing in Sir William
Burrell's time, and a drawing of them with a ground plan (1770)
is preserved among his MSS. Two or three of the window
openings were in the Early English style. There was formerly
a wood called Verdley Park, which contained 250 acres, and the
early maps of Sussex represent the tower as surrounded by a
park pale. The dimensions of the castle were 68 by 33 feet, and

WAOHURST. 219
the walls were nearly six feet in thickness. These remains were
destroyed for the sake of the stone, which the steward of the
late Mr. Poyntz employed to mend the roads in the neighbour
hood! There are faint traces of a moat. See Rev. Edward
Turner in " Sussex Collections," Vol. xii.

WADHURST.

A parish in the Hundred of Loxfield-Pelham ; Rape of Pevensey ; distant
six miles south-east from Tunbridge Wells. It has a Railway station.
Union, Ticehurst. Population in 1811, 1,815; in 1861, 2,470. Bene
fice, a Vicarage, formerly a peculiar of the Archbishop, valued at
£659, in the gift of Wadham College, Oxford ; Incumbent, Rev.
John Foley, B.D., ofthe same College. Date of earliest Parish Re
gister, 1604. Acreage, 10,147. Chief Landowners, E. W. Smyth, G.
C. Courthope, J. J. Newington, Esqrs., and the Marquis Camden.
Seat, Wadhurst Castle is the residence of Edward Watson Smyth,
Esq.
The name of this parish seems to be derived from the Anglo-
Saxon wad, a ford, and hurst, a wood — " the ford by the wood."
The parish is divided into six " quarters," viz. : Town-quarter,
Cousey- Wood-quarter, Bivelham-quarter, Faircrouch-quarter,
Reseden-quarter, and Weeke-quarter. The surface is hilly, and
the soil varies considerably. The scenery is pleasingly diversi
fied with woodland and hop-gardens. The soil is ferruginous,
and hence the iron manufacture was largely carried on here. It
may be mentioned that the iron-masters of this and the neigh
bouring parishes, and their connections were interred beneath
cast-iron slabs. The passages of the nave and aisles of the
church are almost covered with these slabs, with rude inscrip
tions and armorial bearings. They are no less than 30 in num
ber, ranging between the years 1625 and 1799.
High-Town belonged, in or before the reign of Henry VIII.,
to the family of Maunser, and so continued for many genera
tions. It then passed to the Newingtons, and subsequently to
the Bakers, of Mayfield. Faircrouch was an ancient stone man
sion, but fell to dilapidation nearly two centuries since. The
family of Whitfeld, formerly of Alstonmoor, in Cumberland,
were once considerable proprietors here, and their descendants
still survive in Sussex and Kent. A coheiress conveyed the
estate to the family of Ballard. The Dunmolls also had good
lands in the parish, which descended, through female lines, to
the families of Mercer and Durrant. The family of Fowle, who
built in 1591, the fine mansion of Riverhall, were great iron
masters. The house still retains traces of its original grandeur,
but the family has fallen to decay. The family of Barham, also

220 HISTORY OF SUSSEX
iron-founders, are said to have been descended from Robert de
Berham, son of Richard Fitz-Urse, and brother of the assassin
of Thomas a Becket. They lived at Great Butts, and about
1630 John Barham, Esq., erected or re-built the spacious mansion
of Shoesmiths. David Barham built the greater portion of the
present house of Snape about 1617. The family fell into decay,
and their present representative is a wheelwright at Wadhurst.
Of this family was the celebrated lawyer, Nicholas Barham,
Queen's Sergeant, temp. Elizabeth.
The church (St. Peter and St. Paul) is partly in the Early
English and partly in later styles of architecture. It consists
of a chancel, nave, with aisles, and tower with a lofty shingled
spire, and a musical peal of six bells. There are inscriptions
and mural tablets to the memory of the families and names of
Whitfeld,* Barham, Dunmoll, Tapsell, Legas, Comber, Porter,
Colepeper, Alcorn, Aynscombe, Newington, Willett, Davison,
Burgis, Courthope, Salmon, &c.
Tidebeook is a hamlet 2£ miles south-west from Wadhurst.
In 1856 a district church (St. John the Baptist) was erected
here. It is a perpetual curacy, value £53 per annum. It is in
the alternate gift of the vicars of Wadhurst and Mayfield ; the
present incumbent is the Rev. Albert J. Roberts, M.A., of St.
John's College, Oxford. My late friend, William Courthope,
Esq., Somerset Herald, made extensive collections respecting
this and some neighbouring parishes, which he left in MS. Of
their present ownership I know nothing.
[S. A. C. Iron-works, ii, 217. iii, 241. xviii, 15. xix, 84. Extracts
from parish register, iv, 269. Riverhall, xi, 12. xviii, 15. ii, 188, 218.
Fowles of, xi, 12. ii, 54. Courthopes of, xi, 45, 68. vi, 87. Weekes of,
xi, 82. Whitfeld family, xiv, 222. xix, 83. Lucks of, xvi, 48. Ballards of,
xvi, 48. xix, 87. Benge of, xvi, 48. Humphreys of, and Sanders of, xvi,
48. Church bells, xvi, 227, Streams at, xvi, 272. Battle Abbey lands, xvii,
55. Cade's insurrection, xviii, 25. Snape iron-works, xviii, 15. Maynard's
Gate iron-works, xviii, 15. Nicholas Barham, xix, 33. Hightown and
Maunser family, xix, 179.]

WALBERTON.

Domesday, Walburgetone ; a parish in the Hundred of Avisford ; Rape
of Arundel ; distant 3i miles south-west from Arundel, its Post-
town. Union, West Hampnett. Population in 1811, 612 ; in 1861,
588. Benefice, a Vicarage, with Yapton annexed, valued at £557 ;
* Thomas Whitfeld, of Worth, Esq., a native of Wadhurst, founded three alms
houses here, and an annual charity of £10, besides 12 cords of wood for six poor
families. In recognition of this liberality the parishioners placed a monument to
his memory in 1631.

WALBERTON. 22 1
Patron, the Bishop of Chichester; Incumbent Rev. Thos. S. Lyle,
Vogan, M.A., of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish
Register, 1556. Acreage, 1,722. Chief Landowner, Richard Prime,
Esq. Seats, Walberton House, Richard Prime, Esq. Avisford House,
Mrs. Reynell Pack, &c.
Dallaway derives the name of this parish from the Anglo-
Saxon wcel-burg-tun, " demonstrative of a military station." The
manor appears to have been connected with the lordship of Hal-
naker. In the time of the Confessor it was held by three free
men, and was rated at 11 hides and two virgates. There were,
at the making of Domesday, a church, six serfs, and a wood of
four hogs. The manor, when detached from the earldom of
Arundel, passed through the families of St. John, Poynings,
BonviUe, and Paulet. It belonged subsequently to those of
Racton and Bennet. Before 1687 Thomas Nash, gentleman,
purchased the manorial estate, and his descendants enjoyed it
for several generations. In 1800 Gawen Richard Nash, Esq.,
sold it to General John Whyte, whose son, in 1817, sold it to
Richard Prime, Esq. The mansion was pulled down and re-built
on a larger scale by Mr. Prime. Walberton House has been
characterized as " a handsome mansion, with a beautiful and
costly hall, staircase, and library." The architect was Sir Robert
Smirke. Avisford Place, associated with the name of the hun
dred in which Walberton lies, is an elegant residence. The site
is elevated, and commands an interesting sea view. This estate
belonged some years since to Admiral Sir George Montagu,
G.C.B., who sold it to General Sir Wm.Houston, G.C.B. A remark
able archaeological discovery was made on this estate in 1817.
There were many fictile and glass vessels of the Roman period,
most of which had been deposited in a stone cist or coffer, four
feet in length. The Romans, no doubt, occupied the whole ofthe
Sussex coast, and left many of their vestigia, but, alas, where
shall we find from inscription or votive altar what particular
Roman colonist it was who lived at Walberton !
The church (Our Lady) has a large chancel, a nave, and two
aisles, with a shingled turret containing three bells. Many
coarse patchings appear to have been made since the period of
the Reformation. Sir George West of Halnaker was buried
here in 1538, but no memorial remains. There are inscriptions
for the names of Nash (Gawen Nash, merchant, is described as
" a great benefactor to this church and parish," ob. 1749),
Rowe, Pette, Dorset, Whyte, &c. The Bishop's Register (R. f.
43) has an entry of the excommunication of John Hore, vicar
of this parish, dated 1441, for maiming William Skyrre, chaplain
of Slyndon. " His crime was the effect of jealousy, ana the
catastrophe similar to that in which originated the most beau-

222 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
tiful and pathetic poem which has immortalized the genius of
Pope." The same crime and punishment . occur in the Arch
bishop's Register at Lambeth — " Castratio Edm. Roger, Prioris
de Bilsington, per R. Poundcheat."
[S. A. C. Roman remains at Avisford, viii, 290. xi, 130. Fowler of,
xii, 102. Church, xii, 103. xv, 90. Manor, xv, 59. Lands to Boxgrove,
xv, 87. ibid, 90. Church bells, xvi, 227. Lord Lumley's lands, xix, 102.
Avisford Hill andMackrel's Bridge, xix, 159.]

WALDRON.
Domesday, Waldrene ; vulgo, Waldon; a parish in the Hundreds of Ship-
lake and Dill; Rape of Pevensey; distant six miles south-east from
Uckfield, its Railway station ; Post-town, Hawkhurst; Union, Uck
field. Population in 1811, 840; in 1861, 1,132. Benefice, a Rectory,
valued at £455 ; in the gift of Exeter College, Oxford ; Incumbent
Rev. John Ley, B.D., formerly Fellow of that College. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1564. Acreage, 6,218. Chief Landowners,
Louis Huth, Esq., and Fuller-Meyrick, Esq.
This is a beautifully undulated parish, in a picturesque
part ofthe Weald, whence its name, Anglo-Saxon maid, a wood,
and the views from various parts are very striking, especially
that from the church-yard. In the last generation Waldron
was almost a by-word for rusticity and lack of civilization. Now
it is favoured with the presence of several persons of influence
and wealth, who have entirely changed its character. Several
excellent residences have sprung up, and among these may be
named those of J. G. Boucher, Esq., R. H. Stainbank, Esq., and
especially Possingworth (vulgo, Possingfoord), the magnificent
seat of Louis Huth, Esq. It is one of the grandest mansions in
the South of England, and cost more than £60,000. It is from
designs by Mr. Digby Wyatt, and contains every appliance of
luxury and taste, including a fine picture gallery and noble con
servatories. Seams of coal, or fibrous lignite, with the appear
ance of jet, and with a velvet-like smoothness, occur in the geo
logical strata of the parish.
In the time of Edward the Confessor, iElveva held a part of
Waldrene, as allodial or free land. At the date of Domesday,
Ansfrid held it of the Earl of Moreton. The principal manor in
the parish, in later times, was that of Herringdales, alias Wal
dron. The manors of Laughton, Chiddingly, and Isenhurst also
extend into it, and other manors, existing or reputed, are Fox
hunt (formerly belonging to Robertsbridge Abbey), Possing
worth, Tanners, and floreham.
In vol. xiii. of " Sussex Archaeological Collections," the Rev.

WALDRON. 223
John Ley, Rector, has printed an excellent paper on the church,
the manors, and the old mansions of the parish, a very brief
precis of which is here given.
To begin with the church of All Saints, sometimes written All
Hallows, it consists of chancel, nave, north aisle with porch, and
a low battlemented western tower, in the Perpendicular style,
containing eight musical bells. The nave has Decorated inser
tions, and. the chancel is Early English. A marble slab on the
floor, incised with five crosses, was doubtless the original altar-
stone. The east window is peculiar, and of the period from the
Transition to the Perpendicular style. It formerly had, in painted
glass, a man in armour kneeling, with the legend, |Jtag for ti)f
SOUl Of 0Of)tt IJelfjam, who probably built the tower of this
church as well as those of many others in the neighbourhood.
About temp. Henry II. Robert de Dene gave the tithes of this
rectory to the Priory of Lewes, and his descendant, Sybilla de
Icklesham, by license of the date of 1233, built a chapel for her
own use in her manor-house of Walderne. Her husband was
Nicholas Harengod, or Heringaud, from whom, doubtless, the
manor received its now corrupted name of Herringdales. The
church contains many memorials to the names of Courthope,
Fuller, Dalrymple, Dyke, Offley, Lewis, &c, with many hatch
ments of some or other of these families. In one of the windows
are the arms of Pelham.
In times soon after the Conquest, Waldron was almost in a
state of forest, and so continued for some centuries. So lately
as 1842, when the tithes were commuted, 2,000 acres, or nearly
a third of the whole parish, were regarded as tithe-free, as being
woodland, or yet uncultivated, though this was not literally the
case. The names Walderne, Foxhunt, the Dern, &c, all refer to
a period when the place formed a portion of the Forest of Ande-
rida, the great Weald of Sussex. Foxhunt belonged, in 1327,
to Sir Ralph de Camoys. In the next century it vested in the
Brownes of Betchworth Castle, ancestors of the Viscounts Mon
tague ; afterwards in the families of Threele, Pelham, Smith,
and Gilliat. Heringauds, or Herringdales manor-house, where
Sybilla's chapel existed, stood a little westward of the church,
within a circular moat of 150 feet diameter, with embankments
around it. From this family it passed to those of De Poynings,
Browne (Viscount Montague), Fawkenor, Middleton, Pelham,
and Smith. Possingworth manor was owned by a family who
derived their name from it. John, son of Lawrence de Possynge-
werse, demised it in the fourteenth century to the Heringauds,
and after many changes of proprietorship, it became vested in
the Abbot and Convent of Robertsbridge, who held it until the
Dissolution. At later dates it passed, through the Sidneys and
Pelhams, to the great London-merchant family of Offley, one of

224 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
whom, a Lord Mayor, Sir Thomas Offley, temp. Elizabeth, left
half his estate (£5000) to the poor, and was thence called the
London Zacchseus. He was remarkable for his abstemiousness,
and it was said of him (as mentioned in Fuller's " Worthies") —
" Offley three dishes had of daily roast,
An egg, an apple, and, the third, a toast."
It is worthy of remark, that a much earlier Lord Mayor had been
associated with this parish, namely, Sir William, son of Geoffrey
de Walderne, of Walderne, who held the chief magistracy of the
city in 1412 and 1422. The first of the Offleys who possessed
Possingworth was probably Humphrey Offley, who died in 1643.
His son Thomas built, or rebuilt, Possingworth House, which
bears date 1657, and the initials T. O. Subsequently the estate
passed through Fuller, Apsley, Dalrymple, and Thomas (or Tre-
herne) to the present owner. A considerable portion of the
mansion still remains, and is figured in vol. xiii. of " Sussex Ar
chaeological Collections," p. 80. Tanners, or Tanhouse, was
another mansion in the parish, which passed through the Syd
neys and Sackvilles to the family of Fuller, ancestors of the
Fullers of Rosehill, in Brightling, great Sussex iron-masters.
The present house was built by Samuel Fuller, in the first half
of the seventeenth century. It was originally a mansion of con
siderable dimensions, but now exists as a farm-house. The
Fullers appear to have been a London family who settled in
Sussex in the sixteenth century, and are now represented by
Fuller-Meyrick, Esq. They were successively of Uckfield, Wal
dron, and Brightling. Horeham gave name to the family of De
Horeham, in or before the fourteenth century. Later it belonged
to the Walshes, whose heiress married Thomas Dyke, Esq., in
the early part of the seventeenth century. Mr. Dyke probably
built Horeham, a great mansion on an older site, and his des
cendant was created a baronet in 1676, as Sir Thomas Dyke, of
Horeham. The greater part of the mansion has been pulled
down, and the remains are now a farm-house. A level tract of
land where the parishes of Waldron, Chiddingly, and Hellingly
meet, is called Horeham Flat.
[8. A. C. Coal found here, ii, 211. Ironworks, ii, 219. iii, 241, 245.
xviii, 15. Possingworth, viii, 152. xiii, 92. xvi, 292. xix, 53. Bronze
Celts, ix, 366. Church, mansions, and manors (Ley), xiii, 80. xx, 233.
Pelham, xiii, 82. Ralph and Sybilla de Icldesham, Haringots, Denes,
Sackvilles, xiii, 84. Offley family, xiii, 93. xvi, 292. De Waldern, xiii, 92.
Fullers of Tanners, xiii, 94. xiv, 237. Selwyn of, xiii, 96. Bonnicks of,
xiii, 98. De Horeham and Walsh, xiii, 100. Dyke family, xiii, 101. xvi,
292. xviii, 197. Legend of church, xiii, 226. Tooths of, xiv, 254. Dur-
rants of, xvi, 48. Bells, xvi, 227. Horeham Place, xvi, 292. xviii, 197.
Nuremburg tokens, xvii, 253. Cade's insurrection, xviii, 25. Worked flints,
xix, 53. Bad roads, xix, 162. Civil marriages at Glyndc, xix, 202.]

225
WARBLETON.
Domesday, Warborgetone ; a parish in the Hundred of Hawkesborough ;
Rape of Hastings; distant about seven miles north from Hailsham;
Post-town, Hawkhurst. Union, Hailsham. Population in 1811, 966 ;
in 1861, 1,431. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £663 ; Patron and
Incumbent, Rev. George Edward Haviland, M.A., of St. John's
College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1558. Acre
age, 5,763. Seats, Stonehouse, J. Roberts Dunn, Esq. ; Markly,
George Darby, Esq.
This is in many respects an interesting parish. Its surface
is agreeably undulated with well-wooded slopes, while the shel
tered portions possess many hop-gardens. There are several
rivulets tributary to the Cuckmere, and some ferruginous springs.
In the days of the Sussex ironworks there were several estab
lishments in this parish for that manufacture. Among the
iron-masters was Richard Woodman, a native of Buxted, but a
resident at Warbleton, where he carried on extensive works ; he
was burnt, together with nine other Protestants, at Lewes, in
1557. (See " Worthies of Sussex," p. 138.) His house on the
south side of the church still exists, as also the lane down which
he ran when pursued by his persecutors. The church tower is
said to have been the place of his temporary incarceration.
Warbleton was rather remarkable before the Reformation for
its religious establishments, for besides the church there were
a chantry and a deanery (probably connected with the College
of Hastings), and a priory.
The Priory of Warbleton, originally established at Hastings
by Sir Walter Bricet, having been destroyed by the inroads of
the sea, Sir John Pelham refounded the establishment in this
parish in the time of Henry IV., and it was called the New
Priory of the Blessed Trinity of Hastings, though Warbleton is
upwards of ten miles from that town. It was a small establish
ment, and its revenues arose from several parishes in East
Sussex, and its present relics are limited to the foundations of
its church, and an antique farm-house, the property of George
Darby, Esq., of Markly. There is also a stable with the re
mains of a pointed arched doorway. Of the history of this new
and short-lived establishment very little is known ; but at the
dissolution of the smaller priories it shared the fate of all such
houses.* In 1537 the premises were granted to John Baker,
Esq., and in 37th Henry VIII. to John Caryll, Esq. Subse
quently the estate became the property of the family of Roberts,
from whom it descended to that of Lade, Baronets, who resided
* The establishment appears to have consisted of three canons and one novice.
VOL. II. Q

226 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
here, and whose descendant, the late Mr Thomas Lade, sold it
to John Darby, Esq. In one of the apartments of the old house
are preserved two ancient skulls, which are connected with a
superstitious legend, and in another room there are stains, said
to be of human blood, which cannot be effaced. According to
the popular belief it is unlucky to remove the skulls from the
habitation, though a profane hand not many years ago placed
one of them in a neighbouring tree, where it remained a whole
summer, and a bird's nest was built in it. The awful sounds
which are heard at night time proceed from a colony of owls
which have established themselves in the old building. For
historical and archaeological notes respecting this priory I must
refer the reader to the paper of the Rev. E. Turner, in the " Sussex
Collections," Vol. xiii. At Bucksteep, formerly a mansion, but
now a farm-house, there was a chapel supposed to have been
attached to Battle Abbey.
Rushlake Green is a pleasant hamlet in this parish, and con
tains the principal part of the population. Close by are Stone
House, the seat of J. R. Dunn, Esq., a fabric of considerable
antiquity, once the abode of the Roberts family ; also Markly,
the seat of George Darby, Esq., formerly M.P. for Sussex.
Cralle, another house in the parish, anciently belonged to a
family of the same name, whose heiress in the 14th century
conveyed it to the ancient family of Cheney. Iwood was once
the principal mansion of the family of De Warbleton. It be
longed in 1st Richard III. to Margery Warbilton, and subse
quently passed to the family of Fynes, Lords Dacre, then to the
Piers, Pelham, and Stollyon families. The house, which com
mands most picturesque scenery, was formerly very large, but
in 1722, being in a ruinous condition, it was partly pulled down
and reduced to the state of a farm-house. The old gateway
was built in 1591.
In 1795 the old house was taken down and replaced by a
commodious farm-house. One of the family of Stollyon sold
the estate before 1616 to Henry Smith, Esq. ("Dog Smith"),
to whose benevolent charity it now belongs. According to
tradition Iwood was once occupied by a notorious robber, who
constructed a secret chamber, to which the only ingress was the
chimney. Stollyons, another ancient property in this parish,
and Heathfield derived its name from the family just mentioned.
In the 17th century it belonged to the ancient Kent and Sussex
family of Haffenden, many of whom lie buried in Heathfield
church. About 1624, John Markwick, who was a family con
nection of the Haffendens, was attainted of felony, and so lost
the estate. On this property grows the rare plant Phyteuma
spicatum, supposed to be unique in England in its wild state.

WARBLETON. 227
Concerning the manor of Warbleton we have very few particu
lars ; it is mentioned in Domesday as having been held ofthe Earl
of Moreton by the Countess Goda. In Saxon times it was worth
40s., and after the Cdnquest 20s. How it came into the hands
of the De Warble tons is unknown. The village near the church
contains a few houses of antique appearance. The way-side
iun has for its sign a halbert thrust into a tun of ale, and bears
the punning name of the " War Bill in Ton."
The church, which stands on a pleasing elevation, is dedicated
to St. Mary, and consists of chancel, nave, north aisle, and
west tower. There are traces of Early English, Decorated, and
Perpendicular work. At the east end of the aisle is a chantry
chapel. In the windows there are or have been arms of the
families of Pelham, Lewknor, De Warbleton, De Iwood, Cralle,
and Cheney. In the north aisle is a very elaborate monument
of various-coloured marbles and a finely executed bust to the
memory of Sir John Lade, five times M.P. for Southwark, a
native of this parish, who died in 1740. On a slab of marble
is a brass commemorating <E2RtUtam IJwSttoicft, Dean of the
College of Hastings, of the date of 1436. It exhibits a full
length portrait of the Dean, on the edges of whose robes is an
extract from the book of Job, " Credo quod Redemptor meus
vivit," and the beautiful crocketed canopy is surmounted by a
finial composed of a pelican feeding her young with her blood,
and a scroll with the words " Sic Christus dilexit nos." The
surrounding legend (now partially destroyed) I have thus ren
dered : —

" Leaving the fleeting honours of this world to die,
Beneath this marble hard doth William Prestwick lie;
A constant, patient, humble man, devout, urbane,
And just to all. The poor a mighty loss sustain.
Clergy will weep, and common people deeply mourn,
So great a father from his much-loved College torn ;
This rule of holy life, the weakest men's defence,
This man of counsels wise, alasl is hurried hence;
His outstretched corse lies buried here; his vital breath
November's earliest-coming morn exchanged for death,
When fourteen hundred years tbeir course had gone about,
And three times twelve. May Christ his every sin blot out.— Amen."
The father and mother of the Dean (John and Joan Prest
wick) are commemorated by a small brass plate, which I dis
covered in a heap of rubbish many years since. There are
other monuments and inscriptions for the families of Roberts of
Warbleton Priory, Harcourt, Beeston, &c. Outside of the south
wall is a rounded arch, which doubtless covers a tomb, an object
of rare occurrence. The tower contains five bells. The church
q 2

228 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
stands partly within a Roman earthwork, the outlines of which
are clearly traceable.
[S. A. C. Ironworks, ii, 219. iii. 241, 245. xviii, 15. Prestwick'e
brass, ii, 307. xiii, 153. xvii, 167. Pelham family, xiii, 156. Re-founders
of Hastings Priory at Warbleton, xiii, 157. xv, 155. xvi, 295. xvii, 55.
Roberts family, xvi, 46. xx, 60. Quakers at, xvi, 73, 118.' Jack Cade's
insurrection, xviii, 25, 27. Woodman's door, xvii, 164. Ancient chest in
church, xvii, 167. Roman earthwork, xvii, 168. Cralle of Cralle, xix,
179. Cheney family, ibid.]

WARMINGHURST.

A parish in the Hundred of East Easwrith ; Rape of Bramber ; dis
tant five miles north-east of Steyning, its Railway station ; Post-
town, Hurst-Pierpoint. Union, Thakeham. Population in 1811,
91 ; in 1861, 106. Benefice, a Donative, valued at £50; Patron,
the Duke of Norfolk ; Incumbent, Rev. Robert Blakiston, M.A., of
Queen's College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1714.
Acreage, 1,051.
This small parish, occasionally written Worminghurst,
pertains principally to the settled estate of the Duke of Norfolk.
In early times the manor belonged to the Abbey of Fecamp in
Normandy, and the abbot had free-warren for his reeve, who
resided here, and had a park in 39th Henry III., as also a
chaplain, whose fee was 100s. in the reign of Edward II. On
the dissolution of the alien priories, the property was conferred
on the recently-founded monastery of Sion, in Middlesex. In
1448 it was valued at £15 12s. lOd. per annum, and a roll of
that date gives minute details of the conveyance of timber and
Horsham stone used in the building of Sion monastery. It re
quired two wagons, sixteen oxen, and six men to convey eight
oak trees from Warminghurst to Kingston in eight days ! In
1540 the lands were transferred to Edward Shelley, Esq., for
£391 10s. In the conveyance there is mention of vineyards.
Mr. Shelley died in October, 1554. He had bequeathed the
" remainder" to the heirs male of John Shelley, of Michelgrove,
but other claimants coming forward a great law-suit, called the
" Shelley case" followed. In that case Queen Elizabeth took
great personal interest. It was ultimately decided in favour of
Henry Shelley, Esq., the grandson, who held it till 1618, when
a part of it was aliened to the Apsleys. Subsequently it be
longed to Sir Thomas Haselrige and Sir Thomas Williamson,
whose, wives were daughters of Sir John Butler, who sold it to
Henry Bigland, Esq., by whom it was re-sold in 1676 to William
Penn, Esq., the celebrated Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania.

WAENHAM. 229
That eminent man resided here for some years. In 1702 Penn
sold the estate to James Butler, Esq., and it vested in his
descendants till 1789, when it was conveyed by marriage to the
family of Clough. In vol. xiv. of the " Sussex Collections"
there is a remarkable story of an apparition of John Butler,
Esq., in 1766, when he was M.P. for Sussex. His shade appeared
to Miss Frances Browne, his sister-in-law, and to his steward.
He was absent from Warminghurst at the time, but he died at
the very moment at which these manifestations occurred.
There is a small manor or farm, called Bowfolds, which belonged
in 1622 to the Shelleys ; subsequently to several other families.
The estate is of little importance. At the beginning of the
eighteenth century James Butler, Esq., built a large brick man
sion, and converted a great portion of the parish into a deer park.
Since the property has come into the hands ofthe Duke of Nor
folk, the house has been pulled down, the lake dried up, the
timber felled, and the park converted into a farm. Among the
timber was a magnificent chesnut tree, which was reckoned,
from the rings of its wood, to be 270 years old.
The church (Holy Sepulchre ?) consists of a single pace or nave.
It has Early English features, but the east window is of the
Decorated style, and the building has been much patched. There
is a brass to the memory of ffiutoatt) Sjf)rtlf2>, Esq., sometime one
of the Masters of the Household to Henry VIII., Edward VI.,
and Queen Mary, and Joan his wife, who, with their seven sons
and three daughters, are duly represented. The date is 1554.
Other monumental records comprise the names of Benet, Caesar,
Butler, Blount, Morgan, Clough, Dolben, Riches, Devall, Bovey,
Leeves, Oldham, Fenwicke, &c. The church contains only one
bell. [S. A. C. Apsleyfamily, v, 54, 56, in CivilWars, 1643. William Penn,
v, 67. xx, 36. Possessions of Fecamp Abbey, x, 122. Shelley family, x,
127. xvi, 49. Butler family, xiv, 133. xvii, 222. Battle Abbey, lands in,
and exchange of 400 bushels of salt and 10 casks of wine with De Braose,
xvii, 29. Bridger family, xvii, 89. Imprisonment of a bondwoman, xvii,
120. Park, xvii, 121. Cade's adherents, xviii, 24.]

WARNHAM.

A parish in the Hundred of Singlecross ; Rape of Bramber ; distant three
miles north from Horsham, its Post-town ; it has a Railway-station
on the Mid- Sussex line. Union, Horsham. Population in 1811;
774 ; in 1861, 1,006. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £314 18s. 5d.,
Patrons, Dean and Chapter of Canterbury ; Incumbent, Rev. James
Wood, M.A., of Christ Church, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish
Register, 1558. Acreage, 4,920. Chief Landowners, Rev. J. Broad-
wood, Mrs. Barnett, Sir Percy F. Shelley, — Henderson, Esq., D.

230 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
T. Lucas, Esq., and Mrs. Wood. Seats, Warnham Court, C. T.
Lucas, Esq. ; Field Place, William Innes, Esq. ; Warnham Lodge,
W. N. Franklyn, Esq.
This parish, which extends to the frontiers of Surrey, has
long been of considerable importance. There appears to be no
mention of it in Domesday. The manor was sometimes called
Denne. It was held in 1272 by William de Saye. In 1319 it
belonged to Sir John Doyley, and in 1375 to Sir Thomas Lewk
nor, whose grand-daughter carried it by marriage to John Bart
telot, of Stopham, Esq., who died in 1473. Subsequently it passed
to the families of Cooper, Upton, Leland, and Commerell. Denne,
with its demesnes, was severed from the manor in 1650, and de
vised to Christopher Coles, of Pulborough, who had married one
of the daughters of Walter Barttelot, of Stopham. They were,
in 1695, the property of John Evershed, Esq., of Eversheds in
Surrey, and subsequently passed into the hands of Young, Lux
ford, Collier, Murray, Milward, Lanham, Charles, Duke of
Norfolk, and Broadwood. Field Place, in the southern part
of the parish, was the estate, for several centuries, of the
family of Michell, who originated at Horsham, and possessed
Stammerham, in that parish. The last of the family resident
here left a daughter and heiress, who was wife of Sir Bysshe
Shelley, Bart. Warnham Pond is an extensive sheet of water,
and here it was that Percy Bysshe Shelley, our great Sussex
poet, used to amuse himself, in his childhood, with his diminu
tive boat. Near it stood a mansion of the Caryll family, who
resided here in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Warn
ham Court, a handsome structure in the Elizabethan style, com
manding very extensive views, and forming a very ornamental
feature in the landscape, was built some years since by Henry
Tredcroft, Esq. In 1331 John de Upperton settled on Stephen
de Slaughterford a parcel of land at the rent of a barbed arrow.'
This shows the antiquity of the name of Upperton in Sussex.
The impropriation was granted to the neighbouring nunnery
of Rusper by William de Braose. On the dissolution of that
convent it was granted to the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury,
who leased it for a certain term, and it is now held by the
Shelley family. " The church," says Cartwright, " exhibits a
variety of style. It consists of a nave and south aisle under a
sloping roof. There are three chancels. That on the north,
enclosed by a Gothic screen, formerly belonged to the Carylls ;
that on the south to the Michells, of Field Place ;* and that in
* Of the family of Mychell or Michell, Mr. Gibbon, Richmond Herald, observes in
Vol. xii. of the " Sussex Collections," that those of Stammerham, Horsham, and Am-
berley, were " all branches of one stem." The name still prevails in these localities,
and Mr. Gibbon adds : •' I have not any hesitation in saying that I could, with very
little trouble, show the descent from our Visitation of Sussex in 1634, of a vast
number of the name who at present have little idea of their olaims to coat armour."

WARTLING. 231
the middle to the impropriation." They all belong at present,
I believe, to the Shelley family. The building is dedicated to
St. Mary. There is a well-preserved monument to Sir John
Caryll, knight, who died in 1613, and his wife Maria. It has
effigies of the knight and his lady, and of their four sons and
five daughters. Among other names and families commemo
rated are those of Amherst, Yates, Shelley, Michell, Shuckford,
Napper, Bax, and Rapley. " In the pavement of the south aisle
is the site of an altar-tomb, with three shields with quatrefoils,
ofthe time of Edward I." (Cartwright.) In 1518, there was a
chantry in this church, dedicated to St. Margaret. In the last
century Warnham was celebrated for its cricketers, and a leader
in that sport, who kept an inn, had painted on his sign : —
" I, John Charman,
Can beat half an 'em,
With e'er a long-legged man in Warnham."
[S. A. C. Borer family, xi, 81. Church of, xii, 110. Michell family, xii,
110. Caryll, xiii, 126. xix, 19. Weston, xvi, 49. Rapley, ibid, 50. Bells,
xvi, 228. Kingsfold, xvi, 256. Middleton family, xix, 108. Ironworks,
xviii, 15.]

WARTLING.
Domesday, Wirlinges; vulgo, Watlin; a parish in the Hundred of Foxearle;
Rape of Hastings ; distant five miles from Pevensey station. Post-
town, Hawkhurst. Union, Hailsham. Population in 1811, 874 ; in
1861,914. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £441 ; Patron, John Gra
ham, Esq. ; Incumbent, Rev. Edward Curteis Graham, B.A. Date of
earliest Parish Register, 1539. Acreage, 4,736. Chief Landowner,
Herbert Mascall Curteis, Esq., of Windmill Hill.
This parish, with its hamlet of Boreham, possesses an
agreeable variety of surface, rising from the level of Pevensey
marsh to the pleasant eminence of Windmill Hill. In Domes
day, the manor is said to be held by William, of the Earl of Eu.
Temp. Henry III., it belonged to William de St. Leger. In
1327, Sir Thomas Hoo, then lord, obtained for it a weekly
market on Tuesday, and a fair at Magdalen-tide. In 33rd
Henry VI., Thomas Lord Hoo was lord, and in his family it
remained until their extinction. In later times, it was vested
successively in Gage, Sydney, Montague, Sackville, and Craven.
Lord Craven, who built a house at Boreham, sold the manor,
in 1766, to John, Earl of Ashburnham.
Windmill Hill, on which formerly stood a beacon, was long
the residence of the family of Luxford. It afterwards belonged
to Comyns and Pigou. William Pigou, Esq., erected the pre-

232 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
sent mansion on the old site. It was purchased of him by
Edward Jeremiah Curteis, long M.P. for the county ("Worthies
of Sussex," p. 233), to whose grandson it now belongs. Old Court,
the moat of which remains, was the estate of the family of
Fynes, before their removal to the adjacent parish of Hurst-
Monceux, where afterwards they built their stately castle. It
was near the church. At Foul- mile,' in this parish, Speed's map
of Sussex indicates a chapel, of the history of which nothing is
known. For Boeeham, see that article.
The church (St. Mary Magdalen) was formerly prebendal, and
attached to the college of St. Mary-in-the-Castle, of Hastings.
The building, which stands at Wartling Hill, rather remote
from the general population of the parish, consists of a nave
with aisles and a chancel. The south aisle, or rather chapel,
has on the outside a Pelham Buckle, and a Catherine wheel,
implying, perhaps, its erection by Catherine, daughter of Sir
John Pelham, Constable of Pevensey, temp. Henry VI. There
are inscriptions for the families of Luxford, Curteis, and Inglis.
The mural monument by Bacon to Caroline, wife of Herbert
Barrett Curteis, Esq., mother of the present Herbert Mascall
Curteis, Esq., is a fine work of art.
[S. A. C. Salt-pans, v, 159. xiii, 135. Pelham Buckle, &c, iii, 227.
Will. " called ofthe water" a serf, given to Otham Abbey, v, 160. Luxford,
arms of, vi, 77. Chapel and prebend to Hastings College, xiii, 134, 144.
Porters of, xiii, 308. Bell, xvi, 228. Tithes to Battle Abbey, xvii, 55. Jack
Cade's insurrection, xviii, 25 (mis-spelt Worthyng), 27, 28. Manor, xix,
111. Lords of, xix, 111. Carew, Gage, Craven, Ashburnham, xix, 110, 111.
Colbrond, xviii, 27 and 40. Proof of age of William Fiennes, 1878 (dis
placed under Worthing), xii, 38.]

WASHINGTON.

Domesday, Wasingetune ; a parish in the Hundred of Steyning ; Rape of
Bramber ; distant five miles north-west from Steyning station. Post-
town, Hurst-Pierpoint. Union, Thakeham. Population in 1811, 619 ;
in 1861 , 908. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £200, in the patronage
of Magdalen College, Oxford ; Incumbent, Rev. John Walker
Knight, M.A., of that College. Date of earliest Parish Register,
1558. Acreage, 3,162, though estimated by Cartwright at only 1,889.
Chief Landowners, Major C. F. Sandham, the Duke of Norfolk, Sir
Charles Goring, Bart., and the Rev. John Goring. Seats, Rowdell,
Major Sandham ; and Highden, Sir Charles Goring, Bart.
Washington is Saxon — Wasa-inga-tiin, " the settlement of
thesonsofWasa." (See "PatronymicaBritannica.") Themanor'
at the time of Domesday was more extensive than at present,
and included the hide of land on which stood Bramber Castle.

WASHINGTON. 233
It was, therefore, part ofthe barony of Bramber, held by William
de Braose. Before the Conquest, Earl Guerd (G-urth, the brother
of Harold) was owner of the principal part, but there were sev
eral other proprietors ; and at the time of the great Survey,
the whole manor was farmed for the large sum of £100. The
five salt-pans mentioned in the record must have been in the
detached portion of the manor, on the Adur. From the De
Braoses it passed to the Mowbrays, and continued, with some
interruptions, in the Dukes of Norfolk. Early in the reign of
Elizabeth, it belonged to the Carylls, and was by them
held until 1765, since which time it has passed, like Muntham,
through the Franklands, to the present owner. Chancton
manor gave name to a family in the thirteenth century ; and,
after many changes, associated with the names of De Guilde-
ford, Le Mareschal, Arundel, Browne, Shirley, Edsaw, Butler,
and Clough, it became, in 1805, part of the settled estate of the
Dukedom of Norfolk. In December, 1866, a remarkable dis
covery of Saxon coins took place on Chancton farm. It con
sisted of about 3,000 pennies of the reigns of Edward the
Confessor and Harold II., which must have been deposited
immediately before the Battle of Hastings, probably by a tenant
of Guerd, who fell in that dire conflict. The vessel which had
contained them was turned up by the plough, and they were so
scattered broadcast, that they were regarded by the peasantry
as pieces of old tin, and sold, principally to the village inn
keeper, for the purchase of ale. In one instance half a pint of
them was offered for a quart of " double X !" At length,
public attention was called to the " find," and various claims
were put in. Ultimately the greater portion of them was deli
vered over to the Solicitor of the Treasury. The coins were of
upwards of fifty mints, including Chichester, Hastings, Lewes,
and Steyning. A long-enduring tradition of treasure concealed
in the place existed, and the spot had always been haunted by
a Ghost, in the form of an ancient white-bearded man, who
appeared, to be in search of something. This is remarkable,
and proves that the " uncertain voice of tradition " is not al
ways to be disregarded. It is quite within the regions of pro
bability that the depositor of this hoard was one of the victims
of the Norman invasion.
Near the church is Rowdell, which from 10th Henry VEIL
belonged to the old Sussex family of Byne, and remained in it
for five generations. The fine old Jacobean mansion has been
replaced, within the present century, by a much less picturesque
building. The proprietors since the Bynes have been Caryll,
Butler, Goring, and Burrell. In 1825, it was purchased by
Major Sandham. On the south side of the parish is Highden,

234 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
owned in the fourteenth century by the family of De Hiden.
Henry Goring, Esq., purchased it in 1647. His son, Sir Henry
Goring, Bart., built the present house, and his descendant, Sir
Charles Goring, Bart., is now possessor.
The church (St. Mary) had Norman features, but falling to
decay, it was rebuilt in 1866, at the cost of about £2,000. The
tower, of the time of Henry VII., has been retained. The in
scriptions commemorate members ofthe families of Byne,Fortrie,
Butler, Waldegrave, Hammond, Goring, &c.
On an elevated point of the South Downs, in this parish, is a
well-known circular earthwork of Celtic origin, now planted
round with trees, and known as Chanctonbury Ring. It is one
of the most commanding heights in the county, and said to be
814 feet above the level ofthe sea. It is visible from the east,
west, and north, at great distances. Over this part of the
Downs, and in this parish, runs one of the numerous steep roads
known as " Bostalls," a word scarcely heard out of Sussex, but
of good Saxon meaning, for a hill path.
[S. A. C. Domesday watermills, v, 272. Tithes to Sele Priory, x, 115.
Chanctonbury, amonk murdered at, xii, 28. Church, xii, 111. Byne family,
ibid. Lands to Shulbred Priory, xiii, 46. Family of Edsaw, xvi, 49. Goring
of, xvi, 49. xvii, 82. Bells, xvi, 141, 228. Adur River, xvi, 251. Highden,
xvii, 82. Jack Cade's adherents, xiii, 24. Rowdell, xviii, 107. Flight of
Charles II., xviii, 121. Saxon coins found here, xix, 189. xx, 288. The
Washington Ghost, xx, 213.]

WESTBOURNE.

Domesday, Borne ; a parish in the Hundred of its own name ; Rape of
Chichester ; distant seven miles from Chichester ; Post-town, Ems
worth ; Railway station, Emsworth, distant about one mile. Union
Westbourne. Population in 1811, 1,702; in 1861, 2,165. Benefice'
a Rectory and Vicarage, valued at £450 ; Patron and Incumbent,
Rev. J. Hanson Sperling, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge. Date
of earliest Parish Register, 1550. Acreage, 6,000. Chief Landowners,
Earl of Dartmouth, Mrs. Dixon, Lord Leconfield, C. Dorrien, Esq.,
and Messrs. Hopkin, Wyatt, Quick, Osmond, &c.
This important parish comprises the hamlets or villages of
Aldsworth, Nutbourne, Prinsted, Woodmancote, The Hermi
tage, and several other minor places. The soil varies from chalk
on the north to loam and alluvium on the south. The land is
generally highly cultivated and very productive. The main
village was formerly a trading town of some importance. It
is pleasantly situated near the little river Ems, and lies near
Emsworth, which takes its name from that river. The parish

WESTBOURNE. 235
is beautifully wooded, and the sea separates it from Thorney
Island. The manor of Borne is described in Domesday as lying in the
hundred of " Ghidenetroi," a designation now obsolete. It had
belonged to Earl Godwin, but was now a part of the territory of
the Earl Roger de Montgomeri. It had been rated at 30 hides, but
was now assessed at only 12. There were seven ministri, four
mills, a fishery, and a wood. Henry Fitz-Alan, the last Earl of
Arundel of that name, died seised of it, and it then devolved
on Jane, one of his co-heiresses, who married John, Lord Lumley.
In subsequent years it passed with the Stansted estate to the
Rev. Lewis Way, and later to C. Scrase Dickins, Esq.
The church (St. John the Baptist), which is altogether one of
the most interesting ecclesiastical buildings in West Sussex, is
approached from the north by a venerable avenue of yew trees,
said to have been planted in 1530 by Lord Maltravers. The
edifice was twice altered by two of the Earls of Arundel and
formerly contained a chapel dedicated to All Souls. There are
vestiges of Norman architecture, and Transitional work, but the
church has been much altered and patched by the introduction
of the Perpendicular style. In the chancel is a beautiful
piscina, probably of the fifteenth century, which is engraved in
" Hussey's Churches." In 1770, George, Earl of Halifax, lord of
the manor, made some benefactions to the building, including a
spire, which Horsfield characterizes as of Chinese architecture !
This, however, has been altered, and it is now a great ornament
to the landscape. In 1782 the church consisted of nave, chancel,
and two aisles. In the years 1863 and 1865 much true restoration
wa.s effected. There are six bells, and some painted glass,
chiefly modern. Besides one or two ancient monumental slabs,
there are many monuments and inscriptions to the families of
Barwell, D'Oyley, Bensley, Montague, Eliot, Tatersall, Farley,
Needham, Campbell, Oldfield, Lumley, Ward, Roberts, Browne,
Pryme, Sedgwick, Cathcart, Walleston, Newland, Mundy,Wallis,
Williams, Lyne, Ashburnham, Peake, Allen, &c.
The hamlets of Peinstbd, Nutbouene, and The Hermitage
each anciently possessed a chapel ; but few remains of them now
exist. The origin of the last-named building was due to " Simon
Cotes of Westborne, Ermyt," who in his will, dated 1527, tells
us that he had built upon his own land a house and a chapel,
which he dedicated to St. Anthony. These, with other build
ings, bridges, and highways, he bequeathed to William, Earl of
Arundel, E.G., with a view to the maintenance of a Hermit for
ever. This, I think, is among the latest of Hermitages in Eng
land. Simon was perhaps not a hermit at all, except that he
lived a religious life, in his simple habitation, and worshipped

236 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
in his little sacellum. Mr. Longcroft, in his "Valley of the
Ems," thinks he was simply one of those benevolent persons
who in earlier times made it a duty and a pleasure to provide
for the safety of wayfarers at dangerous fords, such as that of
the Ems must then have been.
[S. A. C. Domesday watermills, v, 272. Calceto had lands in, xi, 103.
Dutelor, John of, ibid. Wodemancote, xi, 104. Nutbourne chapel, xii,
69. Matthew de Mount Martin, xiii, 108. Bells of, xvi, 228. River Ems,
xvi, 266. Lord Lumley, xix, 102, 103. Since this volume was in the
hands of the Printer, the learned and excellent rector, has published in
vol. xxii. of the " Sussex Collections " a " Parochial History of West
bourne."]

WEST BURTON.
A hamlet of Bury, which see.

WESTF1ELD.

Domesday, Westewelle ; vulgo, Wessvidl ; a well-wooded and beautifully
undulated parish in the Hundred of Baldslow ; Rape of Hastings ;
distant five miles east from Battle, its Post-town and Railway sta
tion. Union, Battle. Populationin 1811, 707; in 1861, 900. Bene
fice, a Vicarage, valued at £372 ; Patron, the Bishop of Chichester ;
Incumbent, Rev. Mark Henry Vernon, M.A., of Trinity College,
Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1552. Acreage, 4,272.
Chief Landowners, Charles Hay Frewen, Esq., R. B. and B. S. Fol-
lett, Esqrs., and B. H. Brabazon, Esq. Seats, Oaklands-, B. Hercules
Brabazon, Esq., and Major B. Harvey Combe ; and Westfield House,
— Follett, Esq.
Before the Conquest the manor was held by Wenestan of
Edward the Confessor ; afterwards one Wibert held it of the Earl
of Eu. It is a sub-infeudation of Warbleton. Westfield manor-
house, now a farm-house, near the church, was for several gene
rations the property and seat of the family of Peirs, who had
been seated at Goteley in Northiam, as Perez or Perys, from
16th Henry VI., and afterwards at Ewhurst, Warbleton, Cow-
fold, &c. Thomas Peirs of this family resided at Stonepits, in
Seale, co. Kent, and was created a Baronet in 1663. His des
cendant, Sir George Peirs, sold Westfield, and it has since
passed by successive transfers to the families of Allen, Craggs,
Lade, Lutman, and Lamb, of Rye. Sir Richard Sackville
possessed a manor in this parish in 1565. On the north side of
the parish is Crowham, presumed to be identical with the Cro-
teslei of Domesday, and the largest manor in the parish. Robert

WEST-GRINSTEAD. 237
Crowham, the last Prior of Lewes, 1537, is supposed to have
taken his name from this place. In the earlier part of the
seventeenth century it belonged to the Cheyneys ; afterwards to
the Farndens of Sedlescombe; and subsequently by various
modes of transfer to the Snow, Mosley, and Smith families.
Lankhurst manor, in the south-east part of Westfield, belonged
to the Dynes in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, when
it passed by an heiress to the family of Brisco, and is now held
jure uxoris by C. H. Frewen, Esq., M.P. Spray's Bridge, an estate
near the northern boundary of the parish, belonged to a family
of that name, the last of whom, Adrian Spray, died early in the
eighteenth century. This is altogether an interesting parish,
and deserves more attention than it has hitherto received. Iron
works were formerly carried on here.
The church (St. John the Baptist), which was restored in
1862, consists of nave, aisle, and chancel. Its original style was
Early English, with little admixture of other styles. (Rickman.)
At the west end is a shingled spire with three bells, one of
which has an inscription in Lombardic characters, " Sit nomen
Domini benedictum." There are monumental records for the
names of Peirce, Weekes, Davis, &c.
[S. A. C. Ironworks, ii, 219. xviii, 16. Weekes family, xi, 82. xiv,
115, 116, 229. Piers family, xiv, 102. Brede river, xv, 155. Bells, xvi,
228. Tithes to Battle Abbey and ordeal by water, xvii, 24. William
Westfield, abbot of Battle, xvii, 46. Cade's insurrection, xviii, 25.]

WEST-GRINSTEAD.

A parish in the Hundred of its own name ; Rape of Bramber ; distant
eight miles north from Steyning, and seven south from Horsham.
Post-town, Horsham. Railway stations, Westgrinstead and Part
ridge Green. Union, Horsham. Population in 1811, 998 ; in 1861,
1,403. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £1,120; Patron, Lord Lecon
field ; Incumbent, Rev. Thomas Wall Langshaw, B.A , of St. John's
College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1556. Acreage,
6,658. Chief Landowners, Sir Percy Burrell, Bart., and Rev. John
Goring. Seat, West-Grinstead Park.
This parish consists chiefly of arable land, though there is
a good proportion of meadow and wood. No less than 400 acres
are occupied by thick hedgerows and copses, which add much
beauty to the scenery. There is no specific mention of this place
in Domesday. It was part of the large possessions of the De
Braoses, Lords of Bramber, but seems to have been aliened in
the middle of the 14th century. In 1417, John Halsham, and
Philippa, his wife, held it by a feoffment of Richard Waneling,

238 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
clerk, and others. The Halsham family, who originated at
Hailsham, in Pevensey Rape, became of much importance here,
and acquired the manors of Applesham, Notcham, and West
Grinstead. At the death of John Halsham, in 1417, his eldest
son, Richard, was owner. His brother, Sir Hugh Halsham,
succeeded, and made his will in 1441. John, the first-mentioned,
appears to have married, , first Philippa Michel, and, secondly,
another Philippa, daughter of David Strabolgy, Earl of Athol.
The latter had previously married Sir Ralph Percy, son of Henry,
Earl of Northumberland, by whom she had no children ; by Sir
John Halsham she had two sons, who died without issue, and a
daughter, Joan, who married John Lewknor, Esq. Later, the
manor fell to the Crown, and in 1st Edward VI., Thomas Sey
mour held it in fee-farm. On his attainder, it was granted to
Thomas Shirley, a younger son of Ralph Shirley, of Wiston,
from whom it descended to Thomas Shirley Esq. This gentle
man was an ultra-Calvinist, and in his will, made in 1606, he
informs us that he has full assurance of resting " both soul and
body in the highest comfortable heaven of heavens," among the
elect saints of God, of which number " I assuredly account my
self to be one." On his death the manor and estate were sold
to Sir Edward Caryll, whose grand-daughter, Philippa, wife of
Henry, Lord Morley and Monteagle, was seised of them for life,
with remainder to her son Thomas, Lord Morley. He joined
with his mother in settling the property on Richard Caryll, who
died in 1701, when it descended to his grandson, John. This
gentleman being a staunch Roman Catholic, and an adherent of
James II., accompanied the fallen monarch to France, where he
assumed, by grant of the Pretender, the title of Lord Caryll.
By him the estate was sold in 1750 to Sir Merrik Burrell, Bart.,
who having added to it several farms, left it to Mrs. Isabella
Wyatt, with remainder to Walter Burrell, Esq., second surviving
son of his nephew, Sir William Burrell, Bart., and it is now the
property of Sir Percy Burrell, Bart. The present mansion is on
a rising ground, north-east of the old house. It was built in
1806 in a semi-castellated Gothic, from designs by Nash, and
has many fine apartments. A good deer-park, with excellent
timber, surrounds the house. There are some good pictures by
Vandyke, Lely, Jansen, Reinagle, Lawrence, Opie, and by some
of the best foreign masters. The house has an historical interest
from the fact that Pope was a frequent visitor to the Carylls,
and his " Rape of the Lock " had its origin from an incident
which occurred here. On the east side of the Park is a Roman
Catholic chapel, endowed by the Caryll family. Clothalls, near
the church, as a manor, derived its name from the family of De
Clothall, who resided here in the 15th century. From them it

WEST-GRINSTEAD. 239
descended by heirship and marriage through the names of Wilt
shire, Bellingham, Boys, Lamb, and Ferris. Champions, on the
north side of the parish, was the possession for nearly 200 years
of the family of Ward. The manor of Bidlington belonged, as
part of the Wiston state, to Sir Robert Fagge, from whom it
has descended to the Goring family.
The fact of the benefice of West Grinstead being so well en
dowed, is attributable to the circumstance that very little of the
land in the parish was granted away to monastic institutions. The
parsonage house, of the date of James I., was added to by the late
rector, Rev. W. Peckham Woodward, and with modern additions,
now ranks amongst the highest order of parochial residences.
Among the rectors no less than five of the Woodward family
held the living in succession from 1695 until a recent period.
The people of West Grinstead seem to have been a rather law
less race, and Mr. Cartwright, from ancient records, mentions
several murders in the parish. The church (St. George) consists
of two aisles .of equal length, divided by an arcade. The original
edifice was EarTylEng-lish, but later insertions have been made.
The end of the north aisle-is^the chancel, and that of the south
aisle was the chapel of St. Mary~the burial place of the lords of
the manor. The tower stands in the middle of the south aisle,
and has a shingled spire. There are six modern bells. In the
manorial burying-place are two brasses. The first is to a lady,
and much mutilated, and commemorates Philippa, wife of
j?fof)n %alsi)atn, one of the daughters of David de Strabolgie,
Earl of Athol, 1385. The other brass is now placed on a low
altar tomb, and has canopied figures of an armed knight and
lady. The surrounding riband has been torn off by sacrilegious
hands; but a record of it shows that it was for jj>tt flfUflfi
J^alsfjam, Knight, and Joyce (Jocosa) his wife, 1421 and 1420.
A banner above the canopy bears the quartered arms of Halsham
and Strabolgie. This is a very interesting brass. There are
tablets commemorating the families and names of Caryll, Beding-
feld, Harrington, Burrell, and Raymond ; but the principal
monument is by Rysbrach, which cost £2,000, to the memory of
Captain William Powlett, of St. Leonard's Forest, who married
Elizabeth, 4th daughter of John Ward, of Champions, in West-
Grinstead, and his wife. This gallant captain is associated with
the superstitious legend of the " headless ghost of St. Leonards."
There is also a flat gravestone with a brass plate for Uofjeti
3RabenSCrt)ft, and Joan, his wife, 1520, and 1522. Other inscrip
tions commemorate the names of Woodward, Pellatt, Gale,
White, Nash, Morgan, Gratwicke, &c. Altogether this is a most
picturesque and interesting church.
For Knepp Castle, see Shipley.
[S. A. C. Bynes of, x, 118. Shirley of, xi, 49. Champions of, xi, 69.

240 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Tregoz, xii, 39. Church, xii, 92, 106. Gratwicke of, xii, 106. St. Leonard's
Forest legend and Pawletts, xiii, 222. Ward of, and Godsmark of, xvi, 49.
Bells, xvi, 210. Park, xvi, 250. Cade's insurrection, xviii, 24. Shirley of,
xix, 68. Marie in, ibid. Ashurst in, and Bridgers of, xix, 94. Carylls of, xix,
112, 191. Parker and Young of, xix, 112, 113. Adlington, Protestant
martyr, xx, 153.]

WESTHAM.

A Parish in the Hundred and Rape of Pevensey. It is the western ham
let ofthe ancient town of Pevensey, whence its name. It has a Railway
station on the South Coast line. Union, Eastbourne. Population in
1811, 584; in 1861, 850. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £550;
Patron, the Duke of Devonshire ; Incumbent, Rev. Henry Thomas
Grace, M. A., of Pembroke College. Date of earliest Parish Register,
1571. Acreage, 4,718. Chief Landowners, the Duke of Devonshire,
and Sir James Duke, Bart.
That this parish was an ancient hamlet of the parish of
Pevensey is the accepted tradition of the district, and, in fact,
in ecclesiastical records, the church of St. Mary is described as
a dependent benefice. The village consists chiefly of a main
street, separated from the little town of Pevensey by the Roman
castle. It contains two very picturesque little houses, with tim
bered fronts, one of which has, over the doorway, the Pelham
badge of the Buckle. The church is large and handsome, con
sisting of a nave, a north aisle, a south chancel, and a massive
west tower, formerly much higher than at present. There is a
considerable mixture of styles from Norman to Perpendicular.
The south wall has very small windows of the earlier date, very
high up, and with glazing nearly flush with the external surface.
The north aisle and the chancel are both Perpendicular, of about
the time of Edward IV. In the large eastern windows still
remain portions of well-executed painted glass, which would
appear to have formerly represented Christ and the twelve
apostles. In the building are memorials to the families of Fagge
of Glynley, Thatcher of Priesthawes, Hammond and Meeres,
besides traces of much older ones now partly destroyed.
Priesthawes is popularly supposed to have been a religious foun
dation, though no documentary or architectural evidence can
be adduced on the subject. It was long the seat of the ancient
family of Thatcher, and there is an absurd tradition of a subter
raneous connection between it and Pevensey Castle (two miles
distant), such as we find all over England, in Normandy, and many
other parts of the Continent, when a " religious " site is not
far remote from a fortress. Glynley — vulgo, " Greenlee " —
was originally an Elizabethan mansion of considerable preten
sions, which belonged successively to the Meeres, Fagges, and

WESTHAMPNETT. 241
Peacheys. It had excellent grounds, fish-ponds, and groves, in
the last century. Both these mansions exist simply as farm
houses. Near the village is an ancient almshouse of four tene
ments, known as the Hospital of St. John the Baptist, alias
" Gorogltown," of uncertain foundation, and of equally uncer
tain etymology. Peeling is another house of considerable anti
quity ; as likewise is Hankham, now corrupted to Handcombe,
which is frequently mentioned in the archives of Battle Abbey,
though misprinted in Thorpe's Catalogue as Hankham. For
Langney, see that article. A very small hamlet in the parish
bears the singular name of Friday-street.
[S. A. C. Marshall's benefaction to church, xviii, 51. Church, xiv, 99,
265. Thatcher family of Priesthawes, xiv, 265. xviii, 38. xix, 194. Church
bells, xvi, 228. Iron fire-back, xviii, 13. John Morley, gentilman, and two
yeomen, adherents of Jack Cade, xviii, 27. Ordinances made at, xviii, 43.
Richard Borde, brother of " Merry Andrew " Borde, vi, 213. xix. 7. Mr.
Bristowe's Visitation-book, 1634, xix, 194.]

WESTHAMPNETT.
Domesday, Antone (?) ; a parish in the Hundred of Box and Stockb ridge ;
Rape of Chichester ; distantly mile from Chichester , its Post-town and
Railway station. Union, Westhampnett. Population in 1811, 444; in
1861, 502. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £52 ; Patron, the Duke
of Richmond, who is also chief landowner. Date of earliest Parish Re
gister, 1734. Acreage, 1,899.
West Hampnett, so called in distinction from East Hamp
nett, a tithing in Boxgrove, is not mentioned in Domesday, but
it was an early appendage to the lordship of Halnaker. Temp.
Henry VI. Robert Tawke had good lands here. Joan, daughter
and co-heiress of William Tawke, married in the sixteenth cen
tury, first, Richard Ryman, of Appledram ; and secondly, Edward
Barttelot, of Stopham. Anne, the other co-heiress, married
Thomas Devenish, of Hellingly, who was partially resident here.
The families of Chapman and Rose were afterwards influential.
The large mansion, West Hampnett Place, now used as a union
workhouse, was the seat of the Sackville family, and is supposed
to have been built by Richard Sackville, uncle of the Lord
Treasurer Buckhurst. The back part of the house is Eliza
bethan ; the brick front towards the road is modern, having
been rebuilt in the last century by Sir Hutchins Williams, Bart.,
husband of Judith Booth, celebrated for her talents and beauty.
Their son, Sir W. Peere Williams, sold it to Charles, third Duke
of Richmond, who converted it to its present use. The parish
VOL. II. e

242 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
contains the vills of Woodcote, Westerton, Waterbeech, and
Maudlin. The church (St. Mary or St. Peter) consists of chancel, nave,
and south aisle, in the Early English and later styles. In the
aisle under the belfry is a small chantry chapel. In the mould
ings of the north door, both inside and out, are three shields of
arms including Tawke ; three mullets in chief (Benion?) ; and
three hammers. In the chancel is a monument to the memory of
Richard Sackville, Esq., and Elizabeth Thatcher, his wife, with
kneeling figures of both ; and of a son and daughter, together
with the arms of Sackville and Thatcher, and a mutilated re
presentation of the Trinity. During some restorations in 1867,
some very interesting, and much more ancient, features, which
had been concealed by lath and plaster, were brought to light.
The chancel arch was found to have been constructed of brick
of Roman make, which had doubtless been brought hither from
the ancient station of Regnum (Chichester) . Mr. Gordon Hills,
the architect employed, believes that the chancel, at least, was
constructed in Saxon times, and probably in the time of St.
Wilfred, the founder of the South Saxon bishopric of Selsey.
("Journal of British Archaeological Association," 1867, p. 1.) In
the churchyard is a tombstone to the memory of the late Mr.
W. H. Brooke, artist and F.S.A., well-known for his etchings
in several volumes of the " Sussex Archaeological Collections,"
who was interred here by his friend, Mr. Robert Elliot, F.S.A.,
of Chichester.
The union of West Hampnett is the largest in the county,
and comprises nearly forty parishes.
[S. A. C. Two watermills in Domesday, v, 272. Roman road at, xi, 128.
Church,xii, 73. xviii, 96. Bonvilles, lords of, xv, 59. Church to Boxgrove
Priory, xv, 86, 89. Bells, xvi, 210. Arms of Tawke, xviii, 81.]

WEST HOTHLY.

Vulgo, West Hoadlye ; a parish in the Hundred of Buttinghill ; Rape
of Lewes ; distant five miles south-west from East Grinstead, its
Post-town. Railway station, Balcombe, distant about four miles".
Union, East Grinstead. Population in 1811, 840; in 1861, 1,120.
Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £150 ; Patron, the Lord Chancellor ;
Incumbent, Rev. Francis Kirkpatrick, M.A., of Trinity College,
Dublin. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1645. Acreage, 4,863.
Seats, Gravelye, F. Cayley, Esq. ; Selsfield Lodge, J. C. Powell, Esq.,
Calcott, J. Chatterton, Esq. ; Courtlands,R. Sharpe, Esq., and several
others.
A considerable and picturesque parish on the Forest Ridge,

WESTMESTON. 243
commanding enchanting views. The manor descended as Worth.
In this parish is the denuded range of sandstone called the
Chiddingly Rocks, one of which.known as Great-upon- Little, is " a
parallelopipedon, about 20 feet high," whose four sides measure
more than 63 feet. This immense mass, weighing 500 tons, is
poised upon a little point of another rock, which just protrudes
from the soil — whence the appellation. It has been supposed
to be of Druidic origin, and Governor Pownall communicated a
learned disquisition respecting it to the " Arckseologia ;" but the
slightest view of it, with an examination of the adjacent rocks,
will show that it is the result of geological denudation. It has
long been an object of curiosity, and names and dates from the
early part of the 17th century downwards, are cut upon it.
The Elizabethan mansion of Gravetye was once the seat ofthe
Infield family, who carried on iron-works here ; and there are
two other houses of considerable importance, one at Stoneland,
and the other near the church, the supposed residence of the
Peldwickes. On Selsfield Common, a commanding height, there
was formerly a beacon. The church consists of a nave, chancel,
south aisle, and a handsome tower and shingled spire, which
is a great ornament to the landscape. There are five bells, one
of which is inscribed to St. Mary. The building has Transition-
Norman, and Early English and later features. There are memo
rials to the names of Infield, Sawyer, Nairn, Wood, Griffiths,
and Wetherell. In the chancel are a piscina and three sedilia.
[S. A. C. Ironworks at, ii, 220. iii, 242. Gravetye, x, 166. Infield
family, ibid. Philpott's and Barley's (lands), xiii, 48. Church to Lewes
Priory, xiii, 244. Turner of, xiii, 253. Feldwicke, xvi, 49. Church bells,
xvi, 112.]

WESTMESTON.

A parish in the Hundred of Street ; Rape of Lewes ; distant six miles
north-west from Lewes. Post-town, Hurst- Pierpoint. Railway station,
Hassock's Gate, distant about three miles. Union, Chailey. Popu
lation in 1811, 189; in 1861, 288. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at
£536 ; Patron, William H. Campion, Esq. ; Incumbent, Rev. C.
Heathcote Campion, B.A., of Christ Church, Oxford. Date of ear
liest Parish Register, 1587. Acreage, 2,260. Chief Landowners, Rush
Cripps, Esq., of Stantons, and Henry Charles Lane, Esq., of Mid
dleton House, both in this parish.
The etymon seems to be the tun or enclosure where
mceste, mast, or food for swine, &c, abounded. The epithet
West was to distinguish it from similar localities, e.g., from
Sel-meston, in Pevensey rape. Before the Conquest the manor
a 2

244 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
belonged to the Countess Gueda. It came with Lewes Rape to
the De Warennes. In 6th Edward II., John, Earl of Warenne,
procured a charter for a fair, on the feast of St. Martin, the
patron saint of the parish. In later times it has been possessed
by the noble families of Poynings, and Fynes, Lords Dacre. In
the sixteenth century, the Michelbornes were of Westmeston
manor, and probably built the " Place " house. To them suc
ceeded the Dobells, whose successors have held the manor in
the same line as Streat.
In or near this parish is Chatfield, which gave name to a
widely-spread Sussex family. So early as 1287 the names of
Robert and Reginald de Chattefeld occur in a transfer of land
here. The estate of Hayley anciently had a park, some vestiges
of which are still existing. In the sixteenth century the Earl
of Derby had a moiety of it, which, temp. Philip and Mary, his
son and heir granted to John Carril, of Warnham, for twenty-
one years. John Carril, his son, demised the same for his term
to John Shelley. East Chiltington is an outlying chapelry of
this parish.
The church (St. Martin) consists of a nave, chancel, south
aisle, and a shingled dovecote steeple at the west end. It has
Norman features. The chancel, Mr. Hussey thinks, is Early
English, though the chancel arch is semicircular. The west
end has Perpendicular insertions. In 1862, the Rector, in the
course of some restorations, discovered a series of mural paint
ings of Norman date, covering the north and east walls of the
nave, together with part of the south wall. The subjects con
sisted of the Scourging, the Crucifixion, the Taking down from
the Cross, the Adoration of the Magi, the legend of St. Vin
cent's martyrdom by Datian, Dioclesian's pro-consul in Spain,
&c. A fully illustrated account of these early works of art is
given in the " Sussex Archaeological Collections," by the Rev.
C. H. Campion. The church has memorials for the names of
Chaloner, of Chiltington, Martin, Rideout, Campion, Wilson,
Peckham, Hampton, &c.
[S. A. C. Wilson, xiii, 253. Michelborne pedigree, xiii, 257. Mural
paintings in church, xiv, x. xvi, 1 — 19 (Campion). Bells, xvi, 228. Sprin
gett family, xx, 46.]

WHATLINGTON.

Domesday, Watlingetone ; a parish on the small river Brede, in the Hun
dreds of Battle, Staple, and Netherfield, but principally in the first-
named ; Rape of Hastings ; distant two miles north from Battle, which
is the Post-town and Railway station. Union, Battle. Population in
1811, 242 ; in 1861, 343. Benefice, a L'ectory, valued at£l60; Pa-

WIGGONHOLT. 245
tron and Incumbent, Rev. William Margesson, M.A. Date of earliest
Parish Register, 1558. Acreage, 1,255. Seat, Rushton Park (olini
Vinehall), W. Rushton Adamson, Esq.
Harold was lord of this manor at the time of his unfor
tunate downfall, after which Reinbert held it of the Earl of
Eu. In later times, it belonged to the powerful family of De
Echingham, and subsequently to the Finches, ancestors of the
Earls of Winchelsea. In still later times, the Pelhams possessed
it, and it now belongs to the Earl of Ashburnham. The parish
gave name to an ancient family called De Watlyngton, and in
1307, John de Watlyngton was elected abbot of Battle. The
manor of Fame or Vinehall, anciently, Fynhawe, gave name to
the family of De Fynhawe, who ultimately wrote themselves
Vinall, settled at Kingston, near Lewes, and became extinct
about the end of the seventeenth century. It afterwards be
longed to the Dunks and Davises. Until recently, it was possessed
by Tilden Smith, Esq., and it is now the property and. seat of
W. Rushton Adamson, Esq., by whom it has been re-named
Rushton Park. The mansion possesses every appliance of
luxury, including gas made on the spot, and commands a fine
view. The church (St. Mary Magdalen), as described by Hussey in
1852, comprised only chancel, nave, porch, and western wooden
bell-turret. There were Decorated and Perpendicular features,
a square piscina, a plain sedile, and a closed low-side window.
In Sir W. Burrell's time, some shattered painted glass in one of
the north windows contained portions of thearms of BattleAbbey,
from which Sir William infers that the building was erected by-
one of the abbots. Within the last few years it has been
thoroughly repaired. There are memorials for the names of
Dunk, Seare, Theobald, &c.
[S. A. C. Brede river, xv, 154. Bells, xvi, 229. Abbot John de W., xvii,
46. Church, xvii, 53. Tithes to Battle Abbey, xvii, 55. xviii, 39. Vinehall
family of, xviii, 39.]

WIGGONHOLT.

Anciently, Wynkenholte ; a parish in the Hundred of West Easewrith ;
Rape of Arundel ; distant three miles south-west from Pulborough
station, and 7-^ south-east of Petworth, its Post-town. Union, East
Preston. Population in 1811, 43 ; in 1861, 34. Benefice, a Rectory,
united with Greatham, valued at £205 ; Patron, Lord De la Zouch ;
Incumbent, Rev. Thomas Bacon, M.A., of Merton College, Oxford.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1597. Acreage, 841.
Of the history of this small parish nothing of value is

246 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
known until the 13th century. When Henry Tregoz held it,
temp. Henry III., it was erected into a manor, the lands of which
extended into many of the neighbouring parishes. In 1550 the
greater part of the estate was granted, with Parham, to Sir
Thomas Palmer, who, or his representatives, transferred it to
the family of Bisshopp, whose descendant, the Baroness De la
Zouch, brought it to the family of Curzon, its present possessors.
(See Parham.) The church, which I have not seen, is described
by Dallaway as " very small, and without any vestige of archi
tectural ornament." The font is early Norman, large, square,
and of Sussex marble. _ .
In 1827 some curious Roman remains were found in the parish.
They consisted of sepulchral urns and other vessels, some of
which were Samian, with good ornamentation. Coins of Nero,
Vespasian, Claudius, Hadrian, and M. Antoninus were also found.
[S. A. C. Roman remains, ix, 112. xi, 139. xiv, 37. Lands of Torting
ton Priory, xi, 110. Roman road, xi, 139. Manor granted by Queen
Elizabeth, xiii, 48. Coins found at Redford, xiv, 37. Rectory, xiv, 166.
Monke of, xvi, 50. Church bell, xvi, 229. London road to Arundel, xix, 158.]

WITHDEAN, vulgo, Wighting. See Patcham

WILLINGDON.

Domesday, Willendone ; vulgo, Wilndon ; a parish in the Hundred of its
own name ; Rape of Pevensey ; distant two miles north-west from
Eastbourne. Post-town, Hawkhurst. Railway station, Polegate, dis
tant about one mile. Union, Eastbourne. Population in 1811, 445;
in 1861, 709. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £150. Patrons, Dean
and Chapter of Chichester ; Incumbent, Rev. Thomas Lowe, M.A. ,
of Oriel College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1560.
Acreage, 4,217. Chief Landowners, Representatives of the late F.
Freeman Thomas, Esq., of Ratton,* the only seat in the parish,
though there are several other excellent residences.
The village is seated on an eminence near the base of the
South Downs, and commands a fine view of Pevensey Bay. A
lofty height of the Downs, which run directly southward to
Beachy Head through this parish, is called Crow-crouch, from a
cross which formerly stood there. The modern mansion of
Ratton occupies an elevated sjipt on a declivity of the Downs.
Of the ancient manor-house tnothing but the old gatehouse
remains, though, towards the end of the last century, it was
* Ratton anciently had a park, the remembrance of which is perpetuated in " Park
Farm," a portion of the estate, and formerly celebrated for its decoy of ducks, the
ponds of which remain.

WILLINGDON. 247
entire, and had its venerable hall decorated with halberts,
partisans, cross-bows, and other warlike implements. It was
deserted, as the residence of the proprietors of the estate, on
the erection of the new Ratton-place by Sir George Thomas,
Bart., Governor of Antigua, who had acquired the property by
purchase of Samuel Durrant, of Lewes, Esq. The earlier history
of Ratton (coinciding with the manor of Willingdon) is interest
ing. It extends into the parishes of Willingdon and Eastbourne,
and proceeds by a narrow slip of land into the distant parishes
of Hellingly, Chiddingly, and Heathfield. In one part of
Hellingly the connection is formed only by a thick hedge, as I
have heard my late father say. In the time of the Confessor
it was held by Godwin, Earl of Kent, and was valued at sixty
pounds. After the Conquest the Earl of Moreton obtained the
manor, when it was valued at forty pounds. Richard de Aquila,
a subsequent lord of the great barony of Pevensey, gave a portion
of it to the abbey of Grestein in Normandy. Henry III., in the
44th year of his reign, granted the manor to his kinsman, Peter
of Savoy. Edward IV. settled it in dower on his consort, Queen
Elizabeth. Queen Elizabeth (Tudor) granted it about 1568 to
Thomas, Lord Buckhurst, for the annual rent of £73 10s., and a
pound of pepper. It would appear that the manor was formerly
held by sub-feudatories, as there is a tolerably clear history of
Ratton, unconnected with the noble and royal personages above
enumerated. Indeed a separate manor of Radetone is mentioned
in Domesday. Ratton gave name to a family at an early period,
and their ultimate heiress married Walter de Rackele, whose
last descendant espoused John Parker, who was living in 18th
Henry VI. The Parkers became one of the most eminent fami
lies of the county, and held this estate for upwards of three
centuries. They had previously been resident at Bexhill (then
called Bexley) in East Sussex, for several generations, and before
and after their acquisition of Ratton they were allied with the
best families in this and other counties, namely, Halle of Ore,
Levet of Hollington, Bate of Lydd, Thatcher of Ringmer,
Pelham, Farnfold, Gage, Sackville, Waller of Groombridge,
Selwyn of Friston, Courtney of Powderha.m, co. Devon,
Temple of Stowe, co. Buckingham, Dacre of Hurst-Monceux,
Newdigate of Warwickshire, Campion of Combwell, Shurley of
Isfield, &c. In fact, the genealogical rolls of our county scarcely
exhibit a greater number of splendid alliances. In 1674, Sir
Robert Parker was created a baronet, but the title became
extinct with his grandson, Sir Walter, in 1750. Of this family
were John Parker, deputy of George Boleyn, Lord Rocheford,
Lord Warden of the Cinque-Ports, who rebuilt Ratton and died
in 1558, and Sir Nicholas and Sir John Parker, both captains of

248 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
the important fortress of Pendennis Castle, in Cornwall ; but
the most noticeable member of the family was Henry, son of Sir
Nicholas Parker, who was born at Ratton about the beginning
of the 17th century. After his university career at Oxford, he
became a member of Lincoln's Inn ; and at the commencement
of the Civil War, he took the Parliamentary side, and was secre
tary of war under the Earl of Essex. On the Earl's death he
retired to Hamburg, from whence he was recalled by Cromwell
to be his secretary, or, as Anthony-a-Wood calls him, " a brewer's
clerk ! " He was an industrious author, and published several
theological and political works, which acquired considerable
popularity in their day. He died in 1657. His grandmother,
Hester, wife of Sir Thomas Temple, of Stowe, Bart., survived
him and lived to see the astonishing number of upwards of
seven hundred descendants from her own body. This fact is
vouched for by Fuller in his "Worthies of England," that
"worthy" having lost a wager on the subject. (Vol. i, p. 210,
edit. 1840.) The estate of Ratton passed through the Parkers
to the family of Trayton, and the last male heir of that family
devised it to Samuel Durrant, Esq., of Lewes, to whom he was
under heavy pecuniary engagements. It may be remarked here
that the name of Trayton, so common as a Christian name in
this part of Sussex, is owing to the fact that Mr. Edward Trayton,
a rather " fast man " of his time, and highly popular among
the farmers and tradesmen, became godfather to many children ;
and to this day hundreds of Sussex people bear the prsenomen
of Trayton, believing it to be as orthodox and regular as John or
William. The church consists of nave, chancel, north aisle, and south
porch, with a tower at the west end of the aisle. Mr. Hussey
considers the tower to have been partially or wholly rebuilt,
though the arch is of Norman date. There are Early English
features, but the windows are chiefly Perpendicular. "The
nave is remarkably spacious. The aisle was evidently once more
considerable than at present, and might have originally been
the nave." (Hussey's "Churches," p. 378.) This arrangement,
however abnormal, produces a pleasing and picturesque effect,
and the commanding site of the building renders it one of the
most interesting churches in this part of the county. There
are five bells. In the Parker chapel are several interesting monu
ments to that family. There is a brass of a man in armour
with the coat of Parker quartering Rakeley and Ratton, and
impaling Sackville, to JJuljn ^atkcr, Esq., and Johan, his wife,
1543; as also another with the arms of Parker, and its quarter
ings impaled with Waller of Groombridge, to Thomas Parker,
Esq., of the date of 1580. But the monumental glory of the

WILMINGTON. 249
church is a marble tomb to Sir Nicholas Parker, representing
the effigies of the knight in armour under a canopy, with kneel
ing figures of his three wives, and the arms and quarterings of
his several alliances. Beneath the arch is a metrical epitaph,
concluding thus : —
" Then blame not aged Britain's feeble womb,
For in her Parker's birth she did consume
Her utmost strength. The world will scarce be strong
For such another brave conception."
There are numerous other memorials in the building.
Roman and other coins have been found at Willingdon.
Hidnet, formerly a member of the Cinque Ports, in this parish,
is mentioned in a separate article. Far out at sea, on the south
boundary, is a shoal called the " Horse of Willingdon."
[S. A. C. Leaden coffer, i, 160. xviii, 63. Domesday mill, v, 271. Parkers
of Ratton, xiii, 54. xiv, 122. xviii, 40. Possessions of Gilbert de Aquila,
xiv, 41. Picknoll, a Quaker, fined, xvi, 88. Bells, xvi, 229. Rakle family,
xviii, 28, 40. Hydneye (see Hidney), xix, 27 and 28. Hydoneye, ibid.
Ratton, xix, 32. Interments in church, and stone coffin-lid, xx, 233.]

WILMINGTON.

Domesday, Wineltone ; a parish in the Hundred of Longbridge ; Rape of
Pevensey ; distant six miles from Eastbourne. Post-town, Hawk-
hurst. Railway station, Berwick, distant about two miles. Union,
Eastbourne. Population in 1811, 270 ; in 1861, 251. Benefice, a
Vicarage, valued at £111 ; Patron, the Duke of Devonshire ; Incum
bent, Rev. George Miles Cooper, M.A., of St. John's College,
Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1538. Acreage, 1,744.
Chief Landowner, The Duke of Devonshire.
This agreeable village, standing on a declivity of the South
Downs, commands a view of those undulating hills, and from
the heights above it the great Weald is seen to much advantage.
The manor of Wineltone belonged in Ante-Norman times to
Earl Godwin, father of Harold. After the Conquest it fell,
with the Rape of Pevensey, into the hands of Robert, Earl of
Moreton, who gave it to the great Benedictine Abbey of Gres-
tein, near Honfleur, in Normandy, which had been founded by
his father. The Domesday record states that the manor con
sisted of eight hides, with an arable of nine ploughlands, one
of which was detached, in the Rape of Hastings. Alnod had
held it of Earl Godwin, and besides this there appears to have
been another manor of four hides, which the Norman abbot
also held; but the account is much confused. There were 16

250 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
villeins, 10 bondsmen, and 9 ploughs. The total value was thir
teen pounds. In the reign of William Rufus the Norman monks
sent over some of their brethren to take care of their lands, and
a small cell to the mother abbey was founded here, and was
known as Wilmington Priory. It subsisted till 1414, when
Henry V., during his wars with France, suppressed the "Alien"
priories. The Rev. G. M. Cooper has brought together all the
known facts connected with this small ecclesiastical establish
ment, in Vol. iv. of the " Sussex Archaeological Collections."
These are not numerous, but we learn that the principal posses
sions of the house were, besides the demesne at Wilmington,
Frogfirle in Alfriston, property at Pevensey, and certain rights
in Ashdown Forest for pannage (pig-feeding), and for wood,
fuel, and church-building. Other possessions are mentioned in
Waldron, Laughton, East Hothly, Hellingly, Tilton, in Selnies-
ton, Heighton, Langney, and also the advowsons of Eastdean,
Westdean, and West-Firle. There were smaller benefactions
from others, as Charlston in Westdean, Milton in Arlington,
Sutton-juxta-Seaford, Berwick, Exceit, Sherrington, in Selmes-
ton, Westham, and many other neighbouring places. Edward
II., seized the property of all the alien priories in this county,
and Wilmington was of course included in the number. Ed
ward III. also confiscated the priory estate, but restored it
after his war with France had terminated. The subsequent
history of Wilmington Priory consists of a series of squabbles
between this establishment and the Crown, until its final
disestablishment by Henry V. Mr. Cooper has stated all
these matters with minute detail in his elaborate paper. The
families of Sackville and Compton became in turn lords of the
manor, and Sir Spencer Compton, the eminent statesman, was
created, in 1730, Earl of Wilmington. By an heiress of the
Compton family it was conveyed to Lord G. A. H. Cavendish,
whose descendant, the Duke of Devonshire, is the present lord.
Of the priory there are but slight remains, consisting chiefly
of an entrance gate, flanked with two towers of the 15th cen
tury ; an apartment with a vaulted roof, now used as a parlour ;
and a crypt or vaulted cellar of considerable architectural in
terest. The remains of the building have long been occupied
as a farm house. To the south-east of the monastery, on the
escarpment of the South Downs, is a gigantic figure of a man
which was formerly laid bare to the chalk, after the manner of the
"white horse" in Wiltshire. It can only be seen when the sun's
rays strike the spot at a particular angle, or when there is some
snow on the ground. The figure is 240 feet in length, and holds
a staff in each hand parallel to the body. Some antiquaries
assign these hill-side figures to a very remote antiquity, but I

WINCHELSEA. 251
think there is little doubt that this was an idle freak of the
monks of Wilmington, especially as an analogous giant, 180
feet high, armed with a club, is found opposite the abbey of
Cerne in Dorsetshire, on the face of a chalk hill. Our figure is
locally known as the " Long Man."
The church (St. Mary and St. Peter) is a small building close
to the priory, and principally of late Norman and Early English
work, with admixtures of later styles. "The form of the
church," as Mr. Cooper observes, " is singular, the north and
south transepts in no way corresponding ; the former bears the
appearance of a side chapel." In the church-yard is a noble
yew-tree, probably older than the church itself. There are
memorials for the names of Hay, Edwards, Hodsden, Hubersty,
Sunderland, Ade, &c. A branch of the " ubiquitous Culpepers "
resided sometime at Wilmington Priory, and their arms appear
on a mutilated monument in the south chapel.
A considerable number of the bronze implements, called Celts,
was found in this parish in 1861. They are preserved at Lewes
Castle. In this parish is a place called Mountain Pin, corrupted
from Monken-Pyn, or the Monk's Pine, probably from its hav-"
ing been connected with Wilmington Priory.
[S. A. C. Priory and church (Cooper), iv, 37. xvii, 145. xviii, 69.
The Giant on the hill, iv, 63. Grange tithes granted by Queen Elizabeth,
xiii, 46. Henry Marshall, priest, his will, xiii, 49. Honey, Scrase, and
Jordan families, xiii, 52 — 54. Roman way called Green Street, xiii, 55.
Celts and British antiquities (Cooper), xiv, 171. Endlewick bailiwick,
xiv, 263. Church bells, xvi, 229. Fotur in Cade's insurrection, xviii, 27.
Priory keys at Lewes, xviii, 69. Compton family, xx, 138.]

WINCHELSEA.

A parish and "Ancient Town" in the Rape of Hastings ; distant three miles
south-west from Rye, its Post-town and Union. It has its own Rail
way station on the South Eastern Railway. Population in 1811, 652;
in 1861, 719. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £278 ; Incumbent, Rev.
James John West, M.A. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1538.
Acreage, 1,120. Seats, The Friars, Captain Stileman; Mariteau-
house, R. Buchanan Dunlop, Esq.
Few small local towns have been favoured with so com
petent an historian as W. Durrant Cooper, Esq., F.S.A., whose
" History of Winchelsea," 1850, is replete with interest and
careful record. The site of the original Winchelsea was a low
flat island at the south-east extremity of the county, two miles
south-south-east of the rock upon which the town of Rye now
stands. It was then bare and insulated. There is no evidence

252 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
of this place having been known to the Romans, though two or
three authorities have made the assertion. To the Saxons it
was known, and from them derived its name— Wincel, a corner,
and ea, water, which well describes the origiaal situation. A
ridiculous verse quoted by Jeake, alluding to the eastern mem
bers of the Cinque Ports, runs —
" Dovor, Sandivicus, Ry, Rum, Frig-mare-ventus,"
and the last name has been rendered " Wind-chills-sea \" — not a
phenomenon quite peculiar to this place. The Saxon Chronicle
and Domesday book are both silent, yet it is stated by Ruding
that King Edgar had a mint here in 959. A charter of Henry
III. mentions that Edward the Confessor granted this town with
Rye to the monks of Fecamp, in Normandy. Mr. Cooper
thinks he traces Winchelsea, though not actually mentioned, eo
nomine, in the record ; but this point requires further research.
The importance of Winchelsea at the time of the Conquest and
in succeeding reigns is shown by several facts. Here, on Decem
ber 7th, 1067, the Conqueror landed, and by his sudden arrival
defeated the plans of the Saxons for shaking off the Norman
yoke. In 1138, Ring Henry II., having been over sea respect
ing State affairs, landed here. Norden states that when it was
in its most flourishing condition it contained 700 householders,
but quotes no authority. Kilburne, the Kentish historian, says
it was anciently " a pretty town and much resorted to;" and a
M S. in the Dering collection says it had once in it 50 inns and
taverns. The towns of Winchelsea and Rye were probably
added to the Cinque Ports by the Conqueror. They were cer
tainly brought into that ancient league before the time of
John, since in the first year of his reign (1200) both rendered
service in the navy as members of Hastings. The style of these
towns was " nobiliora membra Quinque Portuum." They are
now called " the Ancient Towns." In the early part of the
thirteenth century, Old Winchelsea was in its greatest pros
perity : it had a large commerce, and its bay was the rendezvous
for the English fleet. More than once it was menaced by the
French, and a descent was expected in 1216, when King John
wrote to the Barons of Winchelsea to order them that if his
enemy Louis (son of Philip of France, an aspirant to the
monarchy of England) should land there, that rather than his
town should be burnt or greatly damaged, they should offer
him 200 marks as a ransom. In 1217, the men of Winchelsea
took an active part in the naval engagement between the Ports'
fleet, under Hubert de Burgh, against the French, under De
Courtney. During the first half of the thirteenth century
tremendous storms took place on the English coast. Up to

WINCHELSEA. 253
the year 1250, Winchelsea had escaped tolerably well. But
then some churches, several bridges, mills, banks, &c, and 300
houses were destroyed by the rising of the waters. The sea is
said to have flowed twice without ebb, making a horrible noise,
and at night it seemed to be " light-a-fire ;" three noble ships
and smaller craft, at a place called Hucheburn, were cast away,
and foundered. Four years later, the crops could not be
gathered in as usual, the ground being covered, with salt.
The old town had several religious establishments, consisting
of the churches of St. Thomas and St. Giles, a House of Grey
Friars, founded soon after the introduction of that order in
1224, and a hospital of St. Bartholomew. In the Barons' War,
the Cinque Ports sided with De Montfort. King Henry reached
Winchelsea on the 8th of May, 1264, and remained till the
10th, when he marched towards Lewes to meet the baronial
army, and on the 14th of the same month the tremendous battle
of Lewes took place. When Eleanor, countess of the successful
De Montfort, made her journey with the Earl from Porchester
to Dover in the following year, they passed with their suite
through Winchelsea, where they spent a day and feasted the
burghers. For two years after the Barons' success at Lewes
the men of Winchelsea devoted their energies to piracy, in
which Simon de Montfort, son of the baronial leader, took an
active part. In 1266, a terrible retribution occurred. Prince
Edward took the town by assault, and much bloodshed en
sued. The bulk of the population, however, were spared, and
commanded to forsake their piratical practices. In 1276, the
King himself arrived at Winchelsea, no longer to chastise, but
to arrange for the transfer of a new and more favourable site.
At length, in 1287, the great inundation happened, which sub
merged all the marshy ground between Clivesden, near Fair-
fight, and Hythe. This was on February 4th, 1287, and this
place was no longer habitable.
In the Old town of Winchelsea was born, in * the thirteenth
century, Robert of Winchelsey, the celebrated Archbishop of
Canterbury. Following Mr. Cooper, we find that after Henry's visit to the
threatened town, he sent thither John Kirkeby, Bishop of Ely,
and Treasurer of England, to fix upon a site for a new town.
The site adopted was a hill in the adjoining parish of Ickles-
ham, then called Iham. The spot was principally a sandstone
rock, used as a rabbit-warren. The base of this rock was washed
by the waters on the east and north sides. The whole land
assigned for the town was 150 acres, and the work of rebuilding
was proceeded with. In the quaint words of Leland, " The
King set to his helpe in beginning and wauling New Winchel-

254 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
sey ; and the inhabitants of Old Winchelsey tooke by a litle
and litle, and buildid at the new toune. So that wythyn the vi
or vii yere afore expressid the new toune was metely welle fur
nished, and dayly after for a fewe yeres encreasid." Thomas,
of Walsingham, calls the new town a Port upon a hill, very
steep on the side looking towards the sea, or where it overlooks
the road where the ships lie at anchor. He adds that on this
precipitous side there is only a rampart of earth, while on the
other sides there was a wall of stone. An accident happened
to the King who had gone down to view the progress of the
works. His horse, frightened by the rattling of a windmill,
plunged, and threw the rider; but the townsmen took him
up almost unharmed. Besides the wall, there was a castle
which commanded the inner harbour, and until 1828 there
stood a round watch-tower, called the Roundle. Of the ancient
gateways three are still standing, namely, Strand-gate, New-gate,
and Pipewell-gate, and form very picturesque objects. Besides the
two churches of St. Thomas and St. Giles within, and that of
St. Leonard without, the walls, the house of Grey-friars and the
hospital of St. Bartholomew, which had existed in the old town,
were represented in the new. There were also hospitals of St.
John and the Holy-Rood; and afterwards, in the reign of Edward
II , a house of Black-Friars was founded. Water supplies were
easily obtained from six open wells, known as Pipe well, St.
Catherine's, Strand, New, Friars', and Vale wells. The town
abounds with crypts and vaults, some of which have hand
some groinings. It was among these, probably, that Grose
found what he considers 14 or 15 chapels which tradition
ally existed ; but they were doubtless nothing more than stores
for wine and other merchandise. The town was laid • out
in 39 quarters or squares of varying shapes and dimensions, the
streets enclosing them generally running at right angles. Some
of the quarters had singular names, as Cook's Garden, Ballad-
singer's Plat, Trojan's-hall, and Tinker's-garden. The exact
sites of thesquares and places are given as they existed 20th
Edward I., in a record remaining among the national records,
together with the names of each proprietor in the 39 quarters,
several hundreds in number. Many of the names are those of
families still extant in East Sussex, such as Milward (leMeleward)
Coleman, Petit, Dawe, Crouche, Pollard, Broker (Brooker), Lamb,
Frost, Deryng Pilcher Terry, Pace, Seman, now Simmons, &c.
The name of Alard is the most conspicuous. Mr. Cooper men
tions the comparative importance of the naval resources of the
town among its sister Cinque Ports in 1294, when Edmund, the
king s brother, was about to sail for Gascony. Out of the 50
ships supplied by the ports, Winchelsea furnished 13, the names

WINCHELSEA. 255
of which, with their masters and constables, are given by Mr.
Cooper. As the king's foreign affairs became more urgent, the
town walls were strengthened, and as the sea began to make
encroachments, it was necessary to add to and strengthen the
embankments. It would be impossible in this limited space to
mention in detail the royal orders, charters, &c, which followed
these events ; Mr. Cooper, however, gives most of them. For
warlike affairs the town had its governor, and for internal matters
its bailiff and corporate officers. The French made frequent
attacks, and in 1350 a naval engagement took place off Win
chelsea, between the English fleet, commanded by King Edward
III., assisted by the Black Prince, and the Spanish armament,
which consisted of 10,000 men. The struggle was tremendous,
and lasted many hours, ending in the discomfiture of the
Spaniards, who lost 14 out of 40 ships, while the rest fled in
disorder. The King and his nobles anchored in the evening at
Rye and Winchelsea, and taking horse rode two leagues to the
mansion where the Queen was — probably at Echingham. The
Queen was overjoyed to meet her husband, her sons, and the
other great lords, for she had received a full account of the con
flict which her attendants had viewed from a height which
commanded the scene of action. A graphic account of the
battle is given by Froissart and other chroniclers. In 1359
the French attacked Winchelsea, entered it, to the number of
3,000, and partly burnt it down. The atrocities they committed
are almost too horrid for recital. They entered the church
during divine service, and carried off the most beautiful of the
women, and took 13 ships, well freighted with wine and victuals.
The English had their reprisals, for in the following year the
Cinque Ports navy, with their allies, numbering 80 ships, as
sembled at Winchelsea, and, setting sail for France, burnt the
town of Luce, in the isle of Sans, and afterwards entered the isle of
Caux. In fact, throughout the reign of Edward III., Winchelsea
was the scene of war and naval preparations, which proves that
the town was then regarded in the same light as Portsmouth and
Plymouth became in later ages. The most memorable attack
of the French was in 1376, when the valiant Hamo of Offington,
Abbot of Battle, with an improvised army, routed their forces.
Two years later he was less successful. An attack was made,
and the Abbot put to flight, after great damage had been done
to the town. In later times Winchelsea became the port of
embarcation for pilgrims to St. James of Compostella. The last
attack of the French was in 1448 or 1449, when no great damage
was done. From that date Winchelsea gradually decreased in
trade and importance, and the sea having receded, Rye became
the port for this part of the coast. The dissolution of the

256 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
religious houses, as Mr. Cooper observes, completed the ruin of
the town. Although when Queen Elizabeth in 1573 visited the
place, and was met in procession by the mayor and jurats in
scarlet gowns, she named it " Little London," its day was gone
by, and its subsequent history is one of decline and decay. Since
Elizabeth's time the sea has receded a mile or more. The mer
chants retired to more profitable resorts. From time to time
this once important town dwindled down to the proportions of
an inconsiderable village, and still so continues, though it pos
sesses numerous remains of its ancient importance. Among the
oldest is the Court-hall, or Water-bailiff's prison, which seems
to have been built on an older site in the Tudor period. But
by far the most interesting relic is the church of St. Thomas,
now a mere fragment of the original building, yet still forming
one of the most interesting and picturesque ecclesiastical edifices
in the diocese. The choir and chancel, with fragments of the
transepts, now only remain of this large cruciform church. The
south aisle was formerly the chapel of St. Nicholas, in which
was the chantry of the Alard family, while the north aisle (St.
Mary) contained the Farncombe chantry. During repairs of
modern date, mutilated remains of a piscina and three highly
ornamented sedilia were brought to light. The architectural
details of the whole building are of most interesting character.
Near the south-west side of the church-yard stood, until 1790,
a campanile or bell-tower. " In the aisles of the choir are five
fine monuments ; three are canopied tombs of cross-legged
secular warriors (probably Crusaders) one of a young man who
had not been knighted, and the fifth of a lady in the dress of
Edward III.'s time." (Cooper.) The monumental glory of the
building is the richly canopied tomb ascribed to Gervase Alard,
Admiral of the Cinque Ports, with a recumbent effigy. This
magnificent memorial, which has been figured by Blore and
Cooper, is without doubt the finest in Sussex, and belongs to
the later part of the 13th century. In the choir is a slab, the
brass of which has disappeared, for ftegnaut) aiartJ, 1354. There
is also a small brass for a priest, without name or date. There
are more modern memorials to the names of Jorden, Lambard,
Godfrey, Dawes, Stuart, Dyne, Hollingberry, Denne, Newman,
Maliphant, Baldwin, Stileman, Richards, Terry, Ade, &c. The
church of St. Giles stood on the west side of the town, and con
sisted of a nave, chancel, one aisle, and a small tower with one
bell. The walls were in a ruinous state in 1608, and were in
course of time removed.
The monastery of Grey Friars, originally established at Old
Winchelsea, had one of the best sites in the new town allotted
to it. It was built on the east side of the town. It was a large

WINCHELSEA. 257
building, and had a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The
choir is still standing as a picturesque ruin in the grounds of
Mr. Stileman. There is little history attached to this founda
tion, and at the Reformation it shared the common fate. After
having passed through several proprietorships, it came into the
possession of the late Richard Stileman, Esq., and still remains
in his family. The house of Black Friars was founded by Edward
II., in 1318. The prior and his brethren built a commodious
house with an oratory. The establishment was dissolved in 1535,
and no remains of it exist except a few walls and five large crypts
in what is called Chesnut field. The site now belongs to the
Dawes family. There was in the town a Preceptory dedicated
to St. Anthony, but except a brass seal of the time of Henry
VI., no record of the foundation exists. The hospitals of St.
John, the Holy Cross, and St. Bartholomew, fell, of course, with
the rest of the religious houses of the town.
The Wesleyan chapel of this town was built in 1786. Mr.
Wesley once officiated in it, and in 1790 he preached his last
open-air sermon beneath a large tree near the church-yard, to a
numerous auditory. " I went," he says, " over that poor skele
ton of ancient Winchelsea " — a felicitous expression. The tree
is still standing.
Among the ancient families of Winchelsea were those of Alard,
of Saxon origin, and still existing in Kent ; Finch, great mer
chants here, and ancestors of the Earls of Winchelsea ; Oxen-
bridge, ancestors of the family of that name at Brede Place ;
Londenays; Godfrey, M.P.'s for this and other towns, and
founders ofthe chantryin St. Thomas's church ; and Farncombe,
originally " of that ilk " in Patcham, from whom descended
Aid. Thomas Farncombe, Lord Mayor of London in 1 850.
The manor of Vham, Iham, or Higham, lies in this and several
adjoining parishes. It belonged to the Kentish family of
Guldeford, originally of East Guldeford, near Rye, and passed
through the families of Caryll, Wyndham, and Ashburnham,
to the present possessor, H. Mascall Curteis, Esq. Within this
manor in 1849 was built a new church. It lies on the west side
of the mouth of Rye harbour, and is popularly known as Rye-
harbour church. In this manor lies the Camber, meaning on
this coast a haven, part of which is east of the Rother, and was
doubtless part of Old Winchelsea. Winchelsea, or Camber
Castle, is actually in the parish of Icklesham. It is one of the
numerous coast defences built by Henry VIII. about 1539. It
stands on a marshy plain, two miles north-east of the town.
Many of the main walls, built of brick, cased with squared stones,
are still standing. The plan is a large circular tower or keep,
surrounded by smaller ones connected by short curtain walls.
vol. ii. s

258 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
There is but little of interest now in these crumbling remains,
though the castle must have been considered in its time an im
portant fortress, having a governor and a suitable staff of officers.
At length it was dismantled, and the sea having deserted the
site, it has gradually fallen into the ruinous condition in which
we see it at this day. The decay of Camber haven has gone pari
passu with that of the castle. Norden tells us, however, that
so lately as 1624, the old men remembered having seen 400
tall ships of all nations anchored in the Camber, " where now
sheep and cattle feed."
At the north-west corner of the town lie the small Parish and
Liberty of St. Leonard. It belongs , to the port of Hastings.
The church formerly contained an image of St. Leonard holding
a vane in his .hand, to which the women of Winchelsea used to
resort, and turned the vane in the direction " towards such coasts
as they desired the wind to serve for the speedy return of their
friends or husbands." The last rector instituted was in 1484,
and after that the building fell to decay.
The town is governed by a mayor and jurats, and enjoys all
Cinque- Port privileges. The common seal is very elaborate, and
belongs to the reign of Edward I. Winchelsea sent two mem
bers to Parliament from 42nd Edward III., till 1832, and by the
Boundary Act of that year it was thrown into the electoral dis
trict of Rye.
This article is an imperfect abridgment of Mr. Cooper's work,
and that gentleman has supplemented his valuable volume by a
paper in Vol. viii. of the " Sussex Collections," chiefly relating
to corporation and maritime affairs, with an elaborate account
of the great East Sussex family of Oxenbridge.
[S. A. C. Town seal, i, 21. Samuel Gott, v, 96. Royal visits, William
I., v, 282. John, i, 135. Henry III., i, 137. Edward I., i, 138. Edward
III., iv, 113. vi, 53. Elizabeth, v, 190. vi, 63. Alards of, viii, 154, 212.
Notices of town (Cooper) after 15th century, viii, 201. Oxenbridges of,
viii, 213. Westons of, ibid, 233. Royal mint, ix, 369. Smugglers, x, 93.
Tradesmen's tokens, x, 209. Atlas maritimus, xi, 181. Pilgrims to Com-
postella, xii, 27. Charters of Cinque ports, xii, 159. Image of St. Leonard,
xiii, 70. The town fortified, xiii, 115. Refugees, xiii, 180. Strowings at
weddings, xiii, 231. Champayne, &c, at Agincourt, xv, 125. Bell, xvi,
229. Abbot Offington's defence against the French, xvii, 46. Pipewell-
gate, xviii, 61. Venetian ships' charts, xx, 225.]

WISBOROUGH GREEN.

Vulgo, Green ; a parish in the Hundreds of Bury, Rotherbridge, and West
Easwrith ; Rape of Arundel ; distant three miles west from Billings-
hurst Railway station, and six miles east of Petworth. Post-town

WISBOROUGH GREEN. 259
Horsham. Union, Petworth. Population in 1811, 1,421; in 1861,
1,682. Benefice, a Vicarage, with the Curacy of Loxwood, valued
at £440 ; Patron, the Bishop of London ; Incumbent, Rev. M. W.
Gregory, M.A., of Wadham College, Oxford. Date of earliest
Parish Register, 1560. Acreage, 8,484.
This Wealden parish lies upon a clayey soil, and a consi
derable portion of it is occupied by woodland and waste. It is
divided into the several districts of Palingham, Drungewick,
Loxwood, Hasfold, &c. Palingham was anciently one of the
tithings of West Easwrith, and it extends into Petworth and
Kirdford. The manor was held of the Honour of Arundel, and
was annexed to those of Shillinglee and Hibernow, with the
parks of Medhone and Bignor. It passed by a forced exchange
between Henry VIII. and the Earl of Arundel, for the site and
lands of Michelham in Pevensey Rape. Afterwards it returned
to the Earls of Arundel, and in 1790 came to Sir Edward Onslow,
of Drungewick, whose descendants sold it to the late Earl of
Egremont. In the reign of Elizabeth the river Arun was made
navigable to Palingham, for the purpose of bringing down tim
ber from the Weald, and a large iron furnace was established
here. The canal connecting the Arun with the Wey at Shal-
ford, in Surrey, runs through this parish. It was opened for
general traffic in 1816. Drungewick, including the manor of
Bradbridge in Slynfold, originally belonged to the Abbey of
Seez, in Normandy, and their cell at Arundel. In 1256 it was
transferred to Climping, Bishop of Chichester, who established
there a staurum, or store of cattle, which consisted of 250 oxen,
100 cows, 10 bulls, 3J00 sheep, 120 she-goats, 10 he-goats, and
10 horses, and this stock was kept up from 1256 to 1560. Thus
the episcopal menage must have provided well for its kitchen.
Of course there were a grange and a chapel, but of these we
know but little. The bishops, however, frequently visited their
property here, and held ordinations in the chapel. At a later
date the knightly family of Onslow, from whom sprang Sir
Richard Onslow, Bart., Speaker of the House of Commons, 1708,
and his brother, Foot Onslow, Esq., became respectively pro
genitors of the Barons and Earls of Onslow. Loxwood, for
merly Lokyswood, was parcel of the manor of Bury, and was
held of the Honour of Arundel by the family of Threele for
several generations. The families of King and Onslow were
afterwards proprietors. The chapel of Loxwood was built by
license of Bishop Praty, in 1414. About the year 1540, three
maiden sisters are said to have repaired and endowed the chapel.
The building, which consists of nave and chancel, was repaired
by an injunction from the Bishop about the year 1828. Has
fold, or Haresfold, belonged, temp. Edward I., to Richard, Earl
s 2

260 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
of Arundel, and in the reign of Henry VI. to Mary, wife of Sir
Rowland Lenthal. Subsequent owners have been Apsley, Threele,
Cowper, Osborne, and Peachey, of Lord Selsey's family.
The benefice is a prebendal rectory, with the impropriate
tithes and the advowson of the vicarage. The church (St.
Peter and St. Paul) and the village stand upon a hill. The
former consists of a nave with two aisles, and a tower with a lofty
shingled spire. There are memorials for the names of Threele,
Dalgress, Mille, King, Yates, Laker, &c, and three bells.
[S. A. C. Ironworks, ii, 220. xviii, 15. Philip at Aldre, xi, 105.
Church, xii, 91. Loxwood chapel, xii, 91. Cooks and Baldwins, xii, 92.
Threeles, xiii, 89. King family, xvi, 50. Church bells, xvi, 207, 229.
River Arun, xvi, 256. Drungewick, xvii, 248. Palling (Palingham),
xx, 27. Knights-hospitallers had lands here, xx, 27.]

WISTON.
Domesday, Wistoneston ; vulgo, Wissun ; a parish in the Hundred of
Steyning; Rape of Bramber; distant \\ mile north-west from
Steyning. Post-town, Hurst- Pierpoint. Railway station, Steyning.
Union, Thakeham. Population in 1811, 289; in 1861, 311. Bene
fice, a Rectory, valued at £430; Patron, Rev. John Goring, M.A. ;
Incumbent, Rev. C. W. A. Napier, M.A., of Christchurch, Oxford.
Date of earliest Parish Register, 1638. Acreage, 2,865. Chief
Landowner, the Rev. John Goring, of Wiston House.
This parish, formerly called Wistoneston, is a very pic
turesque one. At the time of the Domesday Survey, William
de Braose let it to Ralph ; Azor had previously held it of Earl
Godwin. It had 10 hides, and there were 1 0 villagers and 24
bondmen. A church, 5 ministri, and a wood, producing pan
nage for 30 hogs, are also mentioned. It would seem that the
manor underwent a considerable depreciation in consequence
of the Conquest, as before that event it was valued at £12, but
was afterwards reduced to £4. Soon after the Conquest the
manor was in the possession of a family called De Wistoneston,
whose ancestor Mr. Cartwright considers to have been the
Ralph of Domesday. About the end of the reign of Henry ILL
Alicia, sole heiress of William de Wistoneston, married Adam
de Bavent. His son was father of another Adam who was at the
celebrated siege of Carlaverock. His son Roger was summoned
to Parliament in 1313. The ultimate heiress married William
de Braose. From the period of the extinction of that family
the Shirleys, descendants of the very ancient family of Shirley,
of Eatington in Warwickshire, held the estate for many gene
rations down to the time of Thomas Shirley, M.D., who was

WISTON. 261
born in 1634. This family, which sent off branches to West
Grinstead, Preston, Chiddingly, &c, was remarkable for his
torical characters, especially the "Three Brothers," Sir Anthony,
Sir Robert, and Sir Thomas, whose exploits during the time of
Elizabeth form an interesting episode in our local history, and
indeed in our national annals. Their lives have been written
in several forms, particularly in a monograph, by E. P. Shirley,
Esq., M.A., M.P., etc., of Eatington ; in a small separate pub
lication ; in the " History of Western Sussex ;" and in my own
" Sussex Worthies." The Sussex branch of the family changed
the orthography of the name to Sherley. The " Brothers " were
sons of Sir Thomas Shirley, Knight. It would be beyond the
scope of this work to enter into the romance of their proceedings,
except in a simple outline : —
Thomas Sherley was born in 1564, and Anthony in 1565; Robert was
some years younger. In 1584 Anthony went with his father into the
Low Countries, and was at the battle of Zutphen in 1586. Next we
find him in Brittany, as one of Essex's Colonels against the Spaniards.
His gallant service won for him the order of St. Michael from Henry IV.
of France, but he thereby incurred the displeasure of Queen Elizabeth,
and returned to England a poor man. He was in the expedition against
the Portuguese, on the African coast, and assisted in the capture of
Jamaica in 1596. Soon after this he accompanied his patron Essex to
Ireland. He was again in the wars in Spain, returning to England in
1597. The following year he was in the singular mission to Persia, his
object being partly religious and partly commercial. He wished the King
of Persia to join the Christian powers against their common enemy the
Turks, as well as to promote trading relations between the East and West.
Many were his perils on the way home. He was treated with great in
dignity by the Turks, and on the route fell into the hands of a horde of
Arabs, who robbed him, but at the end of his journey the king received
him as a dignified ambassador. He taught the king the English mode
of casting artillery, so that ere long he had five hundred pieces of brass
cannon in his army. For this service Shah Abbas created him a Mirza,
or Prince. He returned to Europe in 1599, and visited the courts of
Russia, Germany, Bohemia, and finally that of Rome, where he declared
himself a Roman Catholic ; but from some cause or other he left the Ponti
fical Court in disgrace, and retired to Venice. In subsequent days he
underwent many other perils and adventures, but with little success in any
enterprise. He was the means of introducing through Count Gondomar,
the Spanish ambassador, our English artillery into the Peninsular army,
for which he again incurred the jealousy and displeasure of Government.
He died in abject poverty, bordering sometimes on starvation.
So much for the vicissitudes of this gallant knight, who had been in all the
wars of his time, and had been sent diplomatically to nearly every court in
Europe. His brother, Sir Robert, at the early age of 18, was with Anthony
in the wars in the Netherlands, and afterwards at Venice, in favour of Don

262 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Cesare d'Este, against the Pope. In 1598 he shared in the enterprises
and honours of his brother in Persia, and remained there after his brother
had returned to Europe. Shirley went by way of Poland, and was enter
tained at Cracow by Sigismund III. He married Teresia, daughter of
Ismael Khan, a Circassian lady. He received the honour of knighthood
from the Emperor Rodolph, and was created a Count-palatine of the Em
pire. He next proceeded to Rome with a suite of eighteen persons, eight
of whom were Persians. He wore Persian costume, distinguishing his
turban with a crucifix. Pope Paul V. received him with great state.
From Rome he proceeded to Spain, and at the Spanish Court was joined
by his wife, the Princess Teresia. In 1611 he came with his eastern bride
to Wiston. His father, Sir Thomas Shirley, had for some time been in
disfavour at Court, and to meet his liabilities to the Crown had sold the
ancient family properties of West Chiltington, Erringham, and other estates,
reserving only W iston, which he had settled on his wife. After a long series
of further troubles he died in 1612, and was buried in the church of Wiston,
where there is a black marble tablet surmounted by figures of himself and
his wife. To return to Sir Robert Shirley, he had, with his Asiatic wife,
a favourable reception at the court of King James. In 1613 he again set
out for Persia, taking India in his route, and paying a visit to the great
Mogul. Then, after many wanderings, we find him successively at Goa,
at Lisbon, and at Madrid. In 1622 he again visited Rome, and there it
was that Vandyke painted the fine portraits of Sir Robert and the Princess
Teresia, now preserved in the Petworth collection. After many struggles
he returned to Persia, and there died at the age of about 50. The Princess
Teresia ended her strange, eventful history by becoming a nun.
The life of Sir Thomas Shirley, the eldest of this remarkable triad, was
less romantic than that of his two brothers. He received his military educa
tion under his father in the Netherlands. Subsequently he served in Ireland,
where he was knightedinl589. He next became a courtier, and contracted
a clandestine marriage with Frances, daughter of Sir Thomas Vavasour,
and for this offence Queen Elizabeth put him into prison for 14 weeks. At
a later period he purchased two ships as privateers against the Spaniards,
and captured four vessels, besides making an attack upon several villages.
In 1602 he set sail from Leghorn, and was taken captive by the Turks, who
carried him in chains to Constantinople. After two years' captivity, he
wandered about in Italy and Germany, and arrived in England in 1606 in a
state of poverty. After many other misfortunes, including imprisonment in
the Tower, overwhelmed with debt, and broken in spirit, he sold Wiston
and retired to the Isle of Wight, where he died.
Another distinguished member of this family was Dr. Thomas
Sherley, physician to Charles II., born in 1638. He was a
medical writer of some repute. He underwent, like so many of
his ancestors, great trials and misfortunes. With him ended
the ancient and honourable line of Sherley of Wiston — " a
family not needing hyperboles." To the family of Sherley suc
ceeded that of Fagg, Baronets, who held Wiston for several
generations, and in 1743, Elizabeth, the ultimate heiress, carried

wiston. 263
it by marriage to Admiral Sir Charles Matthews Goring, grand
father of the Rev. John Goring, the present lord of Wiston.
Wiston House, standing in its own deer park, was built, temp.
Elizabeth, by Sir Thomas Sherley, and was a grand specimen of
the style of that period, and though it has been considerably
reduced in size it is still among the principal of Sussex mansions.
The hall, with a very fine timber roof, is a cube of 40 feet, and
the dining-room, of the date of 1576, retains much oak carving.
Cartwright gives a series of inscriptions in this room, contain
ing a pedigree of the family of Brewse, or Braose, for many
generations. The church (St. Michael) stands near the mansion, and con
sists of a nave, south aisle, and chancel. Some parts of the
building are in the Decorated style, but there are traces of a
much earlier date. At the east end of the aisle is a sepulchral
chapel. Here is a fine brass to Sir 3fof)lt o£ IStaoSe, 1426, " pow
dered with the words " Jesu," " mercy," with a Latin inscrip
tion, which may be thus rendered : —
" Be witness, Christ ! this stone is placed,
Not that my body may be graced,
But that my soul remembered be ;
Then, passer-by, whate'er thy time —
Old age, or youth, or manhood's prime-
Devoutly offer prayers for me. . . ."
Under an arch in this chapel is a stone effigy of a child, which
is supposed to be for the son of this Sir John, on whose prema
ture death the estate passed to the Sherley s. The next monu
ment in succession is that of Sir William Sherley, who is repre
sented in armour, standing on a rock, with a dove sculptured
above, and figures of his two wives (1551). Against the wall
are the effigies of a knight in armour and his lady in a kneeling
posture. This monument is to Sir Thomas Sherley, who lived
in wedlock 53 years and had 12 children, of whom nine lived to
be married. There are memorials to the names of Beard, Lux
ford, Goring, Fagg, Morley, Shenton, Norcross, Hart, &c.
[S. A. C. Roman buildings, ii, 313. Descent of manor {Lower), v, 1.
Pedigree of Wiston, v, 3. Pedigree of Braose, v, 5. xv, 17. Sherley family,
notices of, v, 7. xiv, 232. xvi, 253. xvii, 96. xviii, 130. xix, 63. Fagg
family, v, 26. xx, 61. Goring family, v, 197. Wiston arms, vi, 80. Tithes
to Sele Priory, x, 115. De Braose epitaph, x, 205. Church, xii, 111. A
Baventat Agincourt, xv, 136. Bennet, a Quaker, fined, xvi, 68. Church
bell, xvi, 229. Broadbourne stream, xvi, 253. Elringtons of, xix, 64.]

264 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
WITHYHAM (or Withiam).
Vulgo, Widdy-hdm; a parish in the Hundred of Hartfield ; Rape of
Pevensey ; distant eight miles south-east from East Grinstead and
6^ south-west from Tunbridge Wells ; Post-town, Tunbridge Wells.
It has a Railway station on the line between East Grinstead and
Tunbridge Wells. Union, East Grinstead. Population in 1811,
1,155 ; in 1861, 1,597. Benefice a Rectory, valued at £700 ; In
cumbent, Thomas Frederick Rudston Read, M.A., of University
College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1663. Acreage,
8,086.
This extensive parish on the Forest ridge consists of arable,
pasture, and woodland, and contains within its limits part of the
Forest of Ashdown. It partakes of the undulating and pictur
esque character of the neighbourhood. The large wood, known
as the Five Hundred Acres, south of the village, is remarkably
pleasing. The village chiefly consists of scattered houses, and
a small tributary of the Medway passes through the parish.
Withyham does not appear under any name approaching it in
Domesday. A considerable portion of the parish, however, must
have been included in the manor of Brochest, a corrupt spelling
of the Anglo-Saxon boc-hyrst, the beech wood , or perhaps a
covert for bucks (now Buckhurst). In the twelfth century this
manor was the estate of the great family of De Dene, by whose
heiress, Ela, it passed to Jordain de Sackville (see Bayham),
and thus it descended through an illustrious line of Sackvilles to
the late Duke of Dorset, whose co-heiress, Elizabeth, conveyed
it by marriage, in 1813, to the late George John West, Earl
De la Warr, who assumed the name of Sackville before West by
royal sign-manual in 1843, and in his lordship's son it now
vests. Another manor is Monkencourt, of which, in 45th Ed
ward III., Gilbert Atte-Hall was lord. At a later period the
Priory of Mortein in Normandy possessed it ; but having been
deprived of it in the fifteenth century, during our wars with
France, it was given to Sir John Pelham, who granted it for a
term of years to the New Priory of Warbleton, which he had
removed from Hastings, in consequence of the old establishment
having been destroyed by the sea. The manor of Bullockstowne
belonged to Bayham Abbey. Henry VIII., on the dissolution
of that house, granted it to Wolsey, who gave it to his college
at Oxford. In the reign of Elizabeth it passed to the noble
family of Neville. The manor of Hendall likewise extends into
the parish. Gilderedge, an ancient house and estate, gave name
to a family of considerable antiquity, who subsequently had
their chief residence at Eastbourne, and gave name to the manor
of Eastbourne-Gildridge. Gilderegg was originally a vicarage,

WITHY-HAM. 265
annexed to Buxted, and had a chapel, but for the convenience
of the inhabitants so remote from the parish church, Archbishop
Peckham, in 1292, permitted it to be united with Withyham.
No traces of this chapel exist. The family of Walwyn resided
here, in gentle position, in the sixteenth century, as did also
that of Baker (originally for many generations at Battle, and
subsequently at Mayfield), who were proprietors of Gilderedge
and of Ducking House in Withyham.
The chief mansion and estate in the parish, however, was
Buckhurst, where, temp. King John, Sir Geoffrey de Sackville
was lord, holding it of the Honour of the Eagle (Pevensey). In
21st Edward I. his descendant obtained a charter of free-warren.
This great family, originally lords of Sauqueville, near Dieppe
in Normandy, came to England at the Conquest, and the records
of the race are so generally known as to require little mention
here. It produced many eminent personages, the most note
worthy being Thomas Sackville, who was born at Buckhurst in
1536. After a brilliant career as scholar, poet, and statesman,
he was created by Queen Elizabeth, Baron of Buckhurst, ap
pointed Lord High Treasurer, and on the accession of James I.
he was continued in office, and created Earl of Dorset. He died
while sitting at the council-table at Whitehall in 1608, and the
obsequies having been performed in Westminster Abbey, his
body was brought to Withyham for interment among his an
cestors. For a memoir, see " Worthies of Sussex," p. 187. His
son Robert, second Earl of Dorset, inherited much of his father's
learning, but died shortly after his coming to the title, and was
buried at Withyham, beneath a splendid monument. His best
monument, however, is " Sackvil College for the Poor," at East
Grinstead, founded by his will. (See East Grinstead.) Another
descendant was Charles, the sixth Earl of Dorset, K.G., the well-
known courtier and man of taste, in literature and art. He went
to Holland as a volunteer at the commencement of the Dutch
war, in 1665, and the night before his departure, composed the
well-known song, " To all you Ladies now on Land." He died
in 1706, and also found sepulture at Withyham. (See " Wor
thies," ut supra.) The present Lord Buckhurst (late the Hon.
and Rev. Reginald Sackville- West) in his " Parochial History
of Withyham," has given an account of the descent of this
very ancient line, and of their monuments in the church. Buck
hurst House, once a very lordly abode, measuring 260 feet by 200,
with a capacious quadrangle, hall, and chapel, and partly sur
rounded by a moat, having been deserted for the still more
majestic residence of Knole,near Sevenoaks, was permitted to fall
to ruin, and part of its materials were employed for the erec
tion of Sackville College. The solitary survivor of so much

266 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
magnificence is the gateway tower. The family, however, did
not wholly neglect their ancient abode, but built in the park,
on the site of a keeper's lodge, a competent mansion, which
was finished by the first Duke of Dorset, and leased to his son,
Lord George Germain, afterwards Viscount Sackville. Still later
various members of the family, and the late Earl and Countess
De la Warr, have made it their occasional residence. It was for
merly called Stoneland, but now Buckhurst Park. The grounds
are beautifully laid out.
The church (St.Michael) was partially burnt down by lightning
16th June, 1663. The lightning is stated to have entered " at
the steeple, melted the bells, and proceeded to the chancel, where
it tore the monuments of the Dorset family to pieces." There
is some exaggeration here, though the damage done to the fabric
alone was estimated at £1,800. Among the memorials destroyed
were a brass for ^Utltftg Safeeb»le,Esq.,1488, and a monument re
presenting kneeling figures of Richard Sackevile, Esq., Isabel, his
wife, with their four sons and six daughters — date 1524. The
reparations of the church are said to have been completed about
1680. The building, as it now stands, consists of chancel, nave,
with south aisle, and porch, a large chapel on the north side of
the chancel, and a massive embattled west tower, with six bells.
In the chancel are three sedilia and a piscina. There are features
of Early English, Decorated, and Perpendicular. The north
aisle was destroyed by the fire. The Buckhurst Chapel is Late
Perpendicular. The principal existing monuments are — 1, an
altar tomb with recumbent effigies of an infant, and standing
figures of the father and mother. In relief on the sides of the
monument are figures of other children. This is for Richard,
Earl of Dorset, 1677, and Frances, his Countess, and their
family — 2. a monument by Nollekens, for John Frederick, Duke
of Dorset, 1799 — 3. another, by Flaxman, for George John Fre
derick, last Duke of Dorset, killed by a fall from his horse, just
after his majority, in 1815 — and 4. a monument, by Chantrey,
for Arabella Diana, Duchess of Dorset, 1825. There are also
memorials for Charles, Earl of Dorset, K.G., 1705, and for the
names of Pennington, Gray, and Alfrey. The last two are iron
slabs, 1582 and 1610. The Sackville vault contains numerous
coffins inscribed with the names of members of this illustrious
race, including that of the great Lord Treasurer.
[S.A.O. Iron-works at, ii, 220. iii, 243. Gilderedge arms, vi, 80. Chapel,
xx, 231. Monkencourt manor, xiii, 155. Ashdown Forest, xiv, 35. King Ed
ward II., xiv, 45. Church struck by lightning, xiv, 153. Buckhurst, Sack
ville family, xiv, 216. xvi, 271. xix, 162. Church bells, xvi, 229. Hammes
of, their Oratory, xvii, 249. Bad roads, xix, 162. Comptons, xx, 137.]

267
EAST WITTERING.
A parish in the Hundred of Manhood ; Rape of Chichester ; distant 7|
miles south-west of Chichester, its Post-town and Railway station.
Union, West Hampnett. Population in 1811, 214; in 1861,223.
Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £190; Patron, the Bishop of London ;
Incumbent, Rev. John Cooke, M.A., of Corpus Christi College,
Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1658. Acreage, 1,260.
This small parish is of very irregular outline. Its southern
boundary is Bracklesham Bay, which (owing to the flatness of
the country near Wittering, and the nature of the soil) has eaten
away a considerable portion of the parish. In fact, the greater
part of what was East Wittering is now submerged in the Bay.
In compensation of this damage there are fine sands for the
pedestrian, and an admirable field of observation for the geolo
gist, as some fossils of great rarity are to be found here. Soon
after the Conquest, a family, who were then owners, took their
name from this village. In 11th Henry VIII., Sir John Dawtrey
was in possession, and his family were succeeded by that of
Ernley. There are three prebendal manors either partly or
wholly in this parish, viz. : Bracklesham, East Thorney, and
Somerley. A farm of 100 acres, called Stubcroft, formerly sup
ported a chantry in St. Michael's chapel at Chichester. There
was also a chapel which was annexed to the vicarage in 1518,
by Bishop Sherburne.
The church (St. John) is a small building, with Norman fea
tures, and consists of a nave and chancel, with a belfry of wood,
and one bell.
[S. A. C. Roman road at Bracklesham, xi, 127. Church, xii, 81. Bell,
xvi, 229. Bracklesham, Wm. de, xix, 26.]

WEST WITTERING.

Domesday, Westringes ; a parish in the Hundred of Manhood ; Rape of
Chichester ; distant eight miles from Chichester, its Post-town and
Railway station. Union, West Hampnett. Population in 1811, 483 ;
in 1861, 616. Benefice, a Vicarage, valued at £180; Patron, the
Bishop of Chichester ; Incumbent, Rev. Charles Gaunt, M.A. Date
of earliest Parish Register, 1622. Acreage, 3,615.
This parish, which is bounded on the west by Chichester
harbour, consists chiefly of productive arable land. The village
lies in the south-west part of the parish. The country is flat,
but commands very picturesque marine views. Westringes is
mentioned in Domesday as being in the obsolete hundred of the
same name. It is said to belong to Earl Roger (de Montgomeri),

268 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
but it is stated in another part of the record that the Bishop held
it. Probably there were two manors belonging to these respec
tive proprietors ; there is no doubt that West Wittering was an
episcopal manor from the time of Edilwalch, King of Sussex,
who granted it in 673 to the see of Selsey. Cakeham manor-
house, the occasional residence of the Bishops from the 13th to
the 16th century, was a spacious mansion with its hall, chapel,
and other considerable apartments. It was a favourite abode of
Bishop Sherburne, who erected a lofty hexagonal brick tower,
early in the 16th century. The family of Atte Fenne or Fenner,
of Crawley, held considerable lands in the parish during the
Tudor period.
Daniel Whitby, D.D., held the prebend of Wittering in 1660;
he was a controversial writer against the Roman Catholics, and
died in 1 726. The prebendal estate was long held by the trustees
of Oliver Whitby, Esq., founder of the free-school at Chichester.
According to Pope Nicholas' taxation, 1290, the vicarage was
valued at 20 marks, and in the Nonae-roll, 1341, at the same sum,
though it is declared that so much arable land had been absorbed
by the sea that the value was lessened 7 marks. Much grass
had also been devoured by the rabbits of the Bishop — no new
complaint ! The church (St. Peter and St. Paul) is thus described
by Horsfield. " It exhibits portions of architecture of the 13th
and 14th centuries. The tower stands detached from the nave,
and on the north side. Three stalls of oak, with misereres orna
mented with rosettes, are preserved in the chancel, as also a
monument of Caen stone, partly mural and partly projecting.
The bas-reliefs represent the Resurrection, and the Annunciation
of the Virgin Mary. It has no inscription upon it, but the arms
of Ernley appropriate it to William Ernley, Esq., who was resi
dent at Cakeham, 28th Henry VIII., and died in 1545. John
Ryman, who is said to have built the great tower near the
Cathedral, or contributed towards it by appropriating the stones
intended for his castle at Appledram, had an estate in this parish."
There are three bells.
[S. A. C. Domesday watermill, v, 272. De Boys of, xi, 81. Cakehamston
battery, xi, 150. St. Clere, xii, 26. xv, 122. Church, xii, 80. Saxon in
vasion, xv, 165. Holden of, xvi, 50. Bells, xvi, 229. Symmes of, xix, 95.]

WHITESMITH.

A hamlet near the junction of the three parishes of Chid
dingly, East Hothly, and Laughton.

£69
WIVELSFIELD.
Vulgo, Willsful; a parish in the Hundred of Street, and Rape of
Lewes; distant four miles south-east from Cuckfield; Post-town,
Hurst-Pierpoint. Railway station, Haywards Heath, distant about
2^ miles. Union, Chailey. Population in 1811, 468 ; in 1861, 709.
Benefice, a Perpetual Curacy, valued at £130 ; Patroness, Miss Jane
Tanner ; Incumbent, Rev. John Smith Foster, M.A., of Pembroke
College, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1559. Acreage,
3,103. Chief Landowners, the Tanner family. Seat, The Ferns
(anciently Fanners), Lt.-Col. J. Holden-Rose.
The "field" or "clearing" of Wivel (a Saxon personal
name, still existing as a surname*), is pleasantly situated near
the Forest-ridge, in a picturesque district. The manor of Otehall
gave name to the family of De Otehall, in the 14th century or
earlier. At subsequent dates the owners were Kentish, Atteze,
Michelborne, and Godman. The Godman heiress conveyed it by
marriage to a junior branch of the Shirley family of Wiston,
about the beginning of the 18th century. Of this family was
Lieut. -General William Shirley, Governor of Massachusets Bay
in 1741, and afterwards ofthe Bahama Islands. His son, Major-
General Thomas Shirley, was created Baronet of Otehall in 1 786,
but with his son, Sir William Warden Shirley, who died in 181 5,
the title became extinct. Late in the last century it was pur
chased by William Tanner, Esq., in whose descendants it still
vests. A considerable part of the old mansion built in 1600 by
Thomas Godman still remains. In the windows there were
formerly the arms of its successive possessors. During the
Shirley proprietorship, Selina, Countess of Huntingdon, foun
dress of the well-known religious " Connexion," resided here
for some time, and the Rev. William Romaine, the celebrated
divine, frequently preached in the house.
Temp. John and Henry III., the Bardolfs had the manor of
Wivelsfield, and temp. Henry VI. it belonged to Thomas Beaufort.
Franklands has successively passed in and since the Tudor period
to Mascall, Bray, Pope, Luxford, Woodyer, Warden, Sergison,
and Tanner. More House, which has the remains of a moat,
gave name to the family of At-More or Moore. One of this
family was at Agincourt, and another was Capt. Thomas More,
an eminent loyalist during Cromwell's government. From the
Mores the estate descended through the Middletons and Fullers
to the Tanners. Fanners, an ancient house, has been modern
ized, and is now called " The Ferns."
The picturesque little church of St. John the Baptist, was
anciently a chapel of Ditchling. " From its peculiar position,
* Wivelaierc is also the name of a farm at no great distance.

270 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
it has been sadly patched and neglected, but still retains inter
esting features. It comprises nave, with south aisle and chancel,
south porch, and a square tower with shingled cap at the west
end of the aisle. The chancel contains a piscina, which was used
as a cupboard ! and what appears like a sepulchral arch in the
north wall. In the south chancel (or chantry) are a trefoil-headed
piscina and aumbry. The walls of the building seem to be
Norman and Transition Norman ; the north door early Norman,
and the south door Perpendicular. At least the lower part of
the tower is Decorated, with Perpendicular windows higher up.
The church is so mutilated that its character is difficult to de
cipher ; the piers and arches between the nave and aisle, as also
the chancel, exhibit some traces of the Early English style."
Thus writes Mr. Hussey in 1852, but in 1869, 70, the building
underwent judicious restoration and repair, the chancel was
lengthened, and a new north aisle added; and now the building
may claim to rank among the most picturesque of small churches '
in East Sussex. There are memorials to the names of Richbell,
More, Middleton, Holey, &c. The bells are five in number, one
of which is dedicated to St. Augustine. Popular tradition calls
this William Rufus's bell !
In this parish stands the Hay ward's Heath County Lunatic
Asylum. The buildings are very extensive, and occupy a com
manding site. The interior arrangements are calculated to
promote as far as possible the comfort of the unhappy inmates.
There is a chapel, the incumbent of which is the Rev. Thomas
Crallan, M.A. The resident master and physician of the estab
lishment is S. W. D. Williams, Esq., M.D. The asylum was
erected in 1857-9, and subsequent additions have been made,
the cost from first to last having been nearly £70,000. The
number of patients is (alas !) upwards of 500.
[S. A. C. Parish register, iv, 259. Church to Lewes Priory, xiii, 244.
Ote-Hall ( Turner) xiii, 247. Families of Godman, Shirley, Tanner, ibid.
Moore at Agincourt, xv, 136. Cleavewater watershed, xv, 160. Bells, xvi,
230. Podstream, xvi, 251. Cade's insurrection, xviii, 29. De Otehall, xix,
62. Chapelry to Ditchling, xix, 62. Moorhouse, xix, 69. Moores of, xx,
46. Countess of Huntingdon, and Rev. W. Romaine, xix, 69,70. Spoons
found at, xix, 70. Moores of, xx, 46.]

WOODMANCOTE.

Domesday, Odemancote ; a parish in the Hundred of Tipnoake ; Rape of
Bramber ; distant about two miles south-east from Henfield station.
Post-town, Hurst-Pierpoint. Union, Steyning. Population in 1811,
247; in 1861, 331. Benefice, a Rectory, valued at £485. Patron,
the Lord Chancellor; Incumbent, Rev. Richard Cox Hales, M.A.,

WOOLAVINGTON. 271
of Magdalen Hall, Oxford. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1582.
Acreage, 2,236. Chief Landowners, J. L. W. Dennett, Esq., Sir
Percy Burrell, Rev. Jobn Goring, and Arthur Smith, Esq.
Woodmancote is doubtless neither more nor less than the
" Cote, or abode, of the Woodman," who before and long since
the Conquest, would have ample scope for his axe in this well-
wooded locality. In the time of Edward the Confessor, the
Countess Goda held the manor, and Domesday describes it as
afterwards held of William de Braose by William Fitzralph.
Its subsequent history is very obscure. Early in the seven
teenth century it was possessed by the family of West, origi
nally from Berkshire. In 1691, Walter West, the representative,
sold it to Thomas Dennett, Esq., of an ancient family in this
parish, with whose descendant it still remains, Woodmancote
place being the seat of J. L. W. Dennett, Esq. Mr. Cartwright
considers the name of Dennett, or Dennatt, an inversion of the
ancient At Dene, which existed at Woodmancote in 1341. De
la Dene, a still older form of the name, is found there in 1298.
The rectory house, with its attached glebe, is superior to most
in the district.
The church consists of nave and chancel, and has an east
window of temp. Henry VI. (Cartwright.) ; also another window
containing two shields of the fourteenth century : 1, Chequy,
Arg. and Az. on a canton Gules, a cross moline Or ; 2, Azure,
six mullets, 3, 2 and 1 , Or. The latter is the coat of Graundyn,
a family connected in 1330 with Wickham, in Steyning. The
font is Norman, and square. There are memorials for the names
of Dennett, Blithman, and Shore. A church is mentioned here
in Domesday.
In 1555, Thomas Harland, carpenter, and John Oswald, hus
bandman, both of this village, were burnt at Lewes for Protes
tantism. [S. A. C. Amusing disputes between the Rector and Squire, 1679, iv,
281. Sackville gift, xiv, 216. Bells, xvi, 230.]

WOOLAVINGTON.

Vulgo, Lavinton; a parish in the Hundred of Rotherbridge; Rape of
Arundel ; distant 4^ miles south-west from Petworth. Post-towns,
Petworth and Midhurst. Union, Midhurst. Population inl811, 201 ;
in 1861, 488. Benefice, a Rectory, united with Graffham, valued at
£277 ; Patron, the Right Rev. S. Wilberforce, D.D., Bishop of Win
chester. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1668. Acreage, 2,530.
Dallaway says the etymology is obvious, from the Anglo-

272 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
Saxon Wul-laving-ton, a superior pasture for sheep, with the
adjunct of lavant a source of water ; sed dubito. The parish
consists of several disjecta membra, which Dallaway distinguishes
as Old Lavington, Dangstone, Midhurst division, and Farnhurst
division. It is curious how such a distribution of a parish could
have occurred. Domesday informs us that Loventone was held
of Earl Godwin, by another Godwin, and by Ivo of Earl Roger
de Montgomeri. The aggregate was nine hides, the value being
£8. There were 10 villeins, and 10 bordars. The manor was
afterwards the possession of the great families of D'Albini and
Fitz-Alan, and is now considered as part of the Honour of Pet
worth. There was a staurum of cattle and sheep belonging to
the lord, with a park. At later dates, it belonged to the Lum-
leys and Gartons, and passed in succession to the Ormes and
Sargents. In 31st Elizabeth, the Gartons built a large mansion
with towers at the angles. The existing residence on a smaller
scale, though still elegant and commodious, was completed in
1794, by John Sargent, Esq. The arms of the successive pro
prietors are displayed on the front. It is delightfully situated,
and has fine grounds, gardens, and a park, with most exten
sive and agreeable views. Mr. A. E. Knox in his work,
" Game-birds," &c, speaks ofthe "dark hanging woods of
Lavington," which clothe the steep South Down hills, and of
the accompanying clumps of beech and juniper, and of the
picturesque valley of the Rother, and the circumjacent "heath
ery commons, evergreen woods, brown copses, and cultivated
fields." The church (St. Peter), though of early date, is small and
unimportant, and contains little of interest. In the western
division of the parish a new church has recently been erected,
and is dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen. In the churchyard
is the grave of the late Richard Cobden, the eminent politician
and statist.
In connection with this parish must be mentioned the names
of two possessors of the estate, the late John Sargent, Esq.,
author of the " Mine," and other poems, and Dr. Wilberforce,
long Bishop of Oxford, and now of Winchester.
[S. A. C. Domesday watermills, v, 272. Visit of King John, i, 136.
Church, xii, 103. West Lavington church, xii, 103. Gartons of, xiv, 115.
Foxhunt, xv, 81. Bell, xvi, 215, 230. Betsworth, xvii, 238. Bohun's lands
in, xx, 14.]

WOODMAN'S GREEN.
A small village in the parish of Linch.

273
WOOLBEDING.
Domesday, Welbedlinge ; a parish in the Hundred of Easebourne ; Rape of
Chichester ; distant one mile north-west from Midhurst, its Post-town
and Railway station. Union, Midhurst. Population in 1811, 238; in
1861, 338. Benefice a Rectory, valued at £250; Patroness, Hon. Mrs.
George Ponsonby ; Incumbent, Rev. Francis Bourdillon, M.A., of Em
manuel College, Cambridge. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1581.
Acreage, 2,253. Seat, Woolbeding House, Hon. Mrs. Ponsonby.
Pleasantly seated on the Western Rother, which is here
remarkably sinuous. In Domesday, Odo is said to hold the
manor of the King. "A carucate of land in Ulebeding was
held by Roger de Ulebeding, by the serjeanty of carrying the
gonfanon or square banner before the King at Sparkeforde, in
Hampshire." Woolbeding was long possessed by the Earls of
Arundel. In 16, Edward I., John de Arundel of Woolbeding,
held of the king in chief, by the similar service of carrying the
ensign or " foot colours " (vexillum peditum) through Mid-Sussex
should it happen for the king to pass that way in time of war.
(Blount). Later it was held by the family of Mill, Barts. The
ancient manor-house for some time the residence of Charlotte
Smith, the poetess, was much enlarged and modernized in the
last generation by Lord Robert Spencer. It now belongs to the
Hon. George and Mrs. Ponsonby.
The church, dedicated to Allhallows, has been much altered
and repaired at different periods. The tower and chancel were
rebuilt in the last century. Sir Henry Mill, the eighth Baronet,
when rector, placed in the chancel window some singular painted
glass removed from Mottisfont Priory, in Hampshire. The font
is of great antiquity and bell-shaped. One of the three bells
is inscribed to St. Margaret. There are memorials for Lord
and Lady Robert Spencer, and for various members of the family
of Mill, &c.
[S.A. C. Domesday water-mill, v, 272. Church, xii, 81. Bells, xvi, 230.
River Rother, xvi, 259.]

WORTH.
A parish in the Hundred of Buttinghill ; Rape of Lewes ; distant about
seven miles south-west from East Grinstead. Post-town, Crawley.
There are three Railway stations in the parish, namely, Three Bridges
(near which is the village), Rowfant, and Grange Road Union East
Grinstead. Population In 1811, 1,539 ; in 1861, 2,988. Benefice, a
Rectory, valued at £608 ; Patron, G. Banks, Esq. ; Incumbent, Rev.
VOL. 11.

274 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
G. Wilson Banks, M.A., of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Date
of earliest Parish Register, 1600. Acreage, 13,400.
This large and interesting parish derives its name from
the Anglo-Saxon, and signifies land, farm, street, hall, &c.
(Bosworth.) It is a border parish adjoining Surrey on the
north. The soil is generally poor and unproductive, yet abound
ing with birch and other woods, and is full of picturesque un
dulations. The ancient Forest of Worth, formerly _ one of the
principal woodland districts of the county, extends into several
adjacent parishes, and from a survey made in 1583, it contained
upwards of 5,000 acres. Tilgate Forest, so famous for its fossil
remains, was formerly considered parcel of the Forest of Worth.
The parish contains many private residences of importance, but
the village is a straggling and inconsiderable place. There are
several seats which have belonged to gentle families connected
with the county. Crabbet Park was the abode of the Smiths,
descended from the Smiths, of Shelford, co. Warwick; and
afterwards of the Blunts. Gibsaven was long the estate of a
branch of the Thorpes, of Newdigate in Surrey ; and Huntland
was the property of the Edwards family from 1550, and they
held it for more than 150 years. Rowfant, an old stone mansion,
after having passed through several families, came into
the hands of the Rev. George M. Bethune, LL.D., rector of
Worth. Fenn Place, a house of considerable antiquity gave
name to the family of Atte Fenne, or Fenner, and came to the
Bysshes and Shelleys.
The impulse given to the erection and enlargement of con
siderable houses in this part of the Weald by the opening of
the London and Brighton Railway has conduced to make Worth,
with its bracing air and picturesque scenery, a very favourite
settling place for gentle families, who have either purchased or
leased residences within the last few years. Among these may
be mentioned — Rowfant, Sir Curtis M. Lampson, Bart.; Tilgate
manor, John Nix, Esq.; Huntsland, J. Russell Reeves, Esq.;
Crabbet Park, George Smith, Esq.; Worth Lodge, George
Latham, Esq.; The Grange, George Lilley, Esq.; Worth Park,
Joseph M. Montefiore, Esq.; Oakfield, Rev. William Henry
Hoare; The Grove, Edwin Martin, Esq.; Copthorne, William
Fennings, Esq.; The Rectory, Rev. George Wilson Banks, &c.
These are all situated in beautiful grounds, mostly with the
adjuncts of excellent forest scenery, and pieces of water. There
are also several hamlets, including Turner's Hill, Three Bridges,
and Copthorne.
Worth is not mentioned in Domesday, and the history of its
manor, or rather several manors, is difficult to narrate. For
some time after the Conquest the greater portion of what is

WORTH. 275
now the parish was for the most part an unreclaimed forest, in
cluding the two districts afterwards known as Worth Forest
and Tilgate Forest, which were here and there interspersed
with glades and parks, and everywhere well suited for the
purposes of the chase. It was in early times part of the great
territory of the Earls of Warenne, and in 7th Edward I., John,
Earl of Warenne, Lord of Lewes Rape, being questioned by the
justices itinerant as to his claim for this and other lands, stated
that he and his ancestors had alwas been faithful to the Kings
of England ; that they had lost their French possessions for
their adherence to King John against the King of France, and
moreover as his name was Warenne he claimed the right offree-
warren over his English manors, so that he may be said to have
held them by pun-hold ! (See Bosham.) John, the last Earl, died
possessed in 1347, and the chief lordship seems to have passed
like the barony of Lewes to the noble families of Fitz- Alan and
Bergavenny. The principal manor lost its name of Worth, and
became known as Heighleigh. After several changes we find
it associated with the names of Sherley, Caryll, Covert, Middle-
ton, Fowle, Newnham, and others.
Several families of distinction, besides those already men
tioned, have been associated with Worth. Some of the members
of these families were iron-masters of considerable importance,
especially the Gales, who sprang from a blacksmith at Seven-
oaks, and carried on large iron-works in this part of the county.
Interesting memoirs of the family have been edited by R. W.
Blencowe, Esq., in the " Sussex Collections." In 1698, Leo
nard Gale, Esq.^ purchased Crabbet, which had been held by
the Norman family of Playz, and afterwards by that of Moore,
of Odiham, in Hampshire, and by them by a re-marriage of the
widow of the last of their race to the Smiths, of Shelford. The
three co-heiresses married Blunt, Clitherowe, and Humphrey.
The Whitfelds, of Rowfant, originally from Alston-Moor, in
Cumberland, and afterwards of Wadhurst and Worth, were
great iron-masters in the sixteenth century.
The church is one of the most remarkable in England, both
for the peculiarity of its form and its great antiquity. It stands
on elevated ground in a large church-yard, which is entered
from the north-west by an ancient lich gate. The building is
cruciform, and consists of nave, north and south transepts, and
a chancel with a circular apse. Over the north transept is a
wooden bell-chamber with a dwarf shingled spire, which rests on
four large wooden uprights within, which present a singular
appearance. Mr. W. S. Walford, who has given a critical
account of the building in " Sussex Collections," admits its
Saxon origin, and this is generally thought to be the case. The
t 2

276 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
edifice has been so much patched with insertions of different
dates, and the addition of buttresses of extreme ugliness, that
no brief description of it would be intelligible. The most re
markable portion of it is the chancel, which is approached by a
semi-circular arch of extremely rude work. The font is curious
and ancient, and really consists of two fonts placed one upon
the other, both being probably of the 13th century. The arms
of De Warenne are found in one of the windows. There are
monuments and inscriptions for the families of Gale, Smith,
Bysshe (of Fenne Place) Shelley, Smith, Whitfeld, Goodwin,
Bethune, Towers, and many others.*
[S.A.C. Ironworks, ii, 220. iii, 242. xiii, 128, 129. xviii, 15, 16. xix,
86. The church, viii, 235 (Walford). Gales of Crabbet, xii, 52. xiii, 307.
Families of Playz and Moore, xii, 52. xv, 16. Michell, xiii, 130. Blunt,
xiii, 311. Bells, xvi, 230. Tributary of the Medway, xvi, 270. Oaks for
engines in the Tower, xvii, 116. Whitfeld, xviii, 16. xix, 86. Edwards of
Huntland, &c, xix, 88.]

WORTHING.

A hamlet and chapelry of Broadwater, in the Hundred of
Brightford and Rape of Bramber, 11 miles west from Brighton,
and 61 from London. A recent writer designates it "a pleasant
broad-streeted' watering-place, ' discovered ' some time before
Brighton, but not destined to attain the dimensions of that marine
London." Although a Domesday manor, and a recognized hamlet
of Broadwater from early times, its condition was that of an
inconsiderable fishing village, and so continued until the last
century. The first " fashionable " impulse was given to it by a
visit, shortly before 1800, of the Princess Amelia. Since then
it has been the temporary abode ofthe Princess Charlotte, Queen
Caroline, and Queen Adelaide. Its situation on the English
Channel, with its pleasant long range of sands, extending four
miles to the east and nine to the west, and forming what is called
Worthing Point, with the known salubrity of its climate, have
rendered the town a favourite resort. The site is, for the most
part, flat and monotonous ; but as it is sheltered on the north by
a delightful strip of South Downs, and is within the reach of
much good scenery and many objects of interest, few places on
the South Coast are more attractive than Worthing, especially
for those who seek a quiet sea-side resort. From the new iron
* Since this article was written, great alterations have been made in the building j
whether they are improvements I am unable to say.

WORTHING. 277
pier there is a commanding sea view, extending from the Isle of
Wight to Beachy Head. The town is furnished with every
appliance for the lounger and the invalid, but for these matters
the local " guides " must be consulted. The town is fast increas
ing in size, and a recent extension of it is called West Worthing.
The manor is described in Domesday under the name of
Ordinges. Seven allodial tenants had held it under Earl Godwin
as 11 hides, but, after the Conquest, Robert held it of William
de Braose, lord of Bramber. There were six villeins, nine bond
men, and a serf. In the time of the Confessor and afterwards
it was rated at 100s. Another manor called Wordinges was held
in Saxon times by Leiven and afterwards by Robert. Although
it was assessed at only half a hide and valued at 12s., it had a
villein and five bondmen. Ralph held half a hide worth 5s.
In later times the manor of Worthing was granted to the Priory
of Easebourne, and at the Dissolution passed among the posses
sions of that house to Henry Fitzwilliam, Earl of Southampton,
who, in 34th Henry VIII., bequeathed it with his other estates
to his half-brother, Sir Anthony Browne, and it passed, like
Cowdray, to the Viscounts Montague and their heritrix Elizabeth,
wife of William S. Poyntz, Esq. In 1219 William Berneus
granted to Dyonisia his mother, for her life, a hide of land at
Wyrddingg, at the rent of a horse-load of salt, which shows the
existence of salt-pans here. The sea encroached much on the
coast, and the hamlet now contains little more than 300 acres.
The principal proprietors of it were successively Wade, Booker,
Luther, the Earl of Warwick, Commerell, Ogle, Barrington
(Bishop of Durham), and Colberg. A chapel existed at Worth
ing from early times, but of its site nothing is remembered. In
1409 the Bishop of Chichester granted permission for masses,
&c, to be performed in this chapel, saving the rights of the
mother church of Broadwater. The existing episcopalian places
of worship are the chapel of ease, built in 1812, (value £150),
and held by the Rev. William Read, M.A., of St. John's College,
Cambridge ; Christ Church, built in 1843, with a benefice, worth
£300, is held by the Rev. F. Cruse, B.A., of St. Edmond Hall,
Oxford ; and a new church has been quite recently erected at
the east end of the town. The patronage of these is vested in
the Rector of Broadwater. A new Roman-Catholic church and
a nunnery have been founded here ; and there are chapels for
several dissenting denominations. Roman urns, pottery, and
coins of Dioclesian and Constantine have been discovered within
the present century.
[S. A. C. Roman coins, i, 26. Smugglers, x, 93. Tortington Priory
lands, xi, 110. Churches, xii, 105. Bells, xvi, 232. Shirley's lands in,
xix, 68.]

278 HISTORY OF SUSSEX.
YAP TON (anciently Yabeton).
A parish in the Hundred of Avisford ; Rape of Arundel ; distant five
miles south-west from Arundel, its Post-town. Union, West Hamp
nett. Population in 1811, 512 ; in 1861, 589. Benefice, a vicarage
united with Walberton. Date of earliest Parish Register, 1548.
Acreage, 1,690.
This is a level and almost entirely arable parish, yielding
excellent cereal crops. Its manorial history is of no interest.
It belonged to the Honour of Arundel, until it was sold in 1571
by Henry Fitz-Alan, to John Edmundes, Esq., whose descendant,
Charity in the fifth generation conveyed it in marriage to Law
rence Elliott, of Busbridge in Surrey, and died in 1716, S.P. In
1759 it passed by purchase to George Thomas, Esq., afterwards
created a Baronet. His daughter Margery married Arthur
Freeman, Esq , whose son Inigo Freeman-Thomas, afterwards of
Ratton in Willingdon, inherited. The old mansion house of the
family of Edmundes was partly rebuilt and added to in 1800.
Balsham, the Bilesham of Domesday, in the southern part of
the parish, was originally a hamlet and chapelry : the chapel
now forms a double cottage for labourers, and has an ancient
door and three buttresses. The manor, with that of Vapton
and the advowson of the church, was given by Richard, Earl of
Arundel, to the foundation of Arundel College. The priories of
Shulbrede and Tortington also had good lands here.
The church has a nave and aisles, "of the style prevalent in
the reign of Henry III., with a low tower at the west end. The
chancel has been rebuilt." (Dallaway.) The font is ancient and
curious. Of the four bells one is ancient with the inscription
" Ave Maria." The mortuary inscriptions refer to the families
of Barnard, Roe, Thomas, Sydserfe, White, Page, &c. — Yapton
probably signifies the tun or settlement of Eappa, a recognized
Saxon personal name.
[S. A. C. Tortington Priory, xi, 110. xiii, 46. Edmondes family, xii,
92. Forster family, xii, 102, 104. Church, xii, 103. xviii, 102. Bilshain
chapel, xii, 104. Thomas, Sir George, xiv, 122. BonviUe, lands, xv, 59.
Nash family, xvi, 50. Bells, xvi, 230. Bronze celts and metal found,
xviii, 195. Kempe had lands in, xix, 119.]

APPENDIX.

LIST OF THE PAPERS IN THE FIRST TWENTY
VOLS. OF THE « SUSSEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL
COLLECTIONS."

A.
Archaeology of Sussex. Blaawm. I, 1.
Alfriston, "Find" of Anglo-Saxon Coins. Ade. 1,38.
Alfriston, urns found at. Ade. II, 270.
Arundel, College Chapel. Tierney. Ill, 77.
Arundel, Sir Bevis and his horse. IV, 31.
Arundel, discovery of remains of John 17th Earl of Arundel. Tierney. XII,
232.
Apsley MSS. Blaauw. IV, 219.
Alfriston, the Star Inn. Lower. IV, 309.
Alfriston, monumental inscriptions. Richardson. XVII, 240.
Antiquities, miscellaneous. Lower. V, 198.
Arms of Sussex families. W. S. Ellis. VI, 71.
Anderida (Pevensey). Hussey. VI, 90.
Arundel tax-payers. Blaawm. VII, 159.
Aldrington Hermitage. XII, 117.
Ashdown Forest. Turner. XIV, 35.
Agincourt, Sussex men at. W. D. Cooper. XV, 123.
Amberley. ClarJison. XVII, 185.
Appledram. Arnold. XVIII, 74.
Anglo-Saxon coins at Chancton, Lucas. XX, 212.
B.
Balcombe, Tenures. XII, 140.
Bramber and Braose. Grantham, V, 147.
Brighton fishermen's customs. Turner. II, 38.
Bramber, ancient bridge. Turner. II, 63.
Bronze relics in Sussex. Dixon. II, 260.
Bishopston Church. Figg. II, 272. Monumental mscriptions. Simmons.
XIX, 185.
Brasses of Sussex. Lower. II, 307.
Bellencombre Castle, Normandy. Lower. Ill, 29.

11. APPENDIX.
Burrell, Timothy, his journal. Blencome. 111,117.
Battle Abbey Roll. Bunter. VI, 1.
Browne, Sir Ant. Turner. VI, 54.
Borough-English, custom of. VI, 164, 178.
Boord or Board family, and Andrew Boorde. Lower. VI, 204.
Borde, Andrew. W. D. Cooper. XIII, 262.
Berwick parochial records. O. M. Cooper. VI, 223,
Berwick monumental inscriptions. Ellman. XII, 254.
Bolney churchwardens' accounts. Dale. VI, 244. Ancient church door.
X, 59.
Braose, of Chesworth, and Hoo. W. D. Cooper. VIII, 97.
Bosham College. Turner. VIII, 189.
Buncton, Saxon grant. Blaauw. VIII, 177.
Boxgrove Priory. Blaauw. IX, 61. Turner. XV, 83.
Brambletye. W. D. Cooper. IX, 139.
Bayham Abbey. 6. M. Cooper. IX, 145. XL 121.
Buxted Church. Hoare. IX, 208.
Bodiam and its lords. Lower. IX, 275. Sir E. Dalyngruge. Lower. XII,
221.
Burpham, ancient canoe. X, 117.
Blatchington East, monumental inscriptions. Dennis. XIII, 202.
Bonvilles, of Halnaker. W. D. Cooper. XV, 57.
Barons of Cinque Ports, their services. Ross. XV, 178.
Battle Abbey. Turner. XVII, 1.
Bosham traditions and stone coffin of a daughter of Canute. Mitchell.
XVIII, 1.
Brightling, witchcraft story. Lower. XVIII, 111.
C.
Charlton Hunt. Bennett. XV, 74.
Churches, notes on, 1863. Bloxam. XVI, 233.
Church bells of Sussex. Tyssen. XVI, 138.
Cinque Ports, seals of. Lower. I, 16. Ross. XVII, 64.
Cinque Ports against subsidies. Ross. XVII, 137.
Coins, British and Roman, in Sussex. Dixon. I, 26,
Chichester Cathedral. Freeman. I, 142.
Celtic antiquities, near Chichester. Earcourt. I, 149.
Chichester, Bishop de la Wych, his will, 1253. Blaauw. I, 164.
Chichester, reception of Duke of Monmouth. VII, 168.
Chichester Cross. Britton. I, 193.
Chichester, Hospital of St. Mary. Shiffner. 11,1.
Chichester, R. de Nevile, Bishop of. Blaauw. Ill, 35.
Chichester, St. Olave's. Freeman. V, 213.
Chichester, a temple by. Wellesley. V, 277. Freeman. VII, 56.
Chichester, merchant guild. Turner. XV, 165.
Chichester, Roman inscription. Bills. VII, 61.
Chalvington Church. Diclter. II, 285.
Cowfold, churchwardens' accounts, &c. Otter. II, 315.
Corn in Sussex. Blaauw. Ill, 26.
Charles I., his clock. Mitford. Ill, 103.

APPENDIX. 111.
Civil war in Sussex, Blaauw. IV, 29,
Cowdray. Scott. V, 176. Ant. Visct. Montague. Scott. VII, 173.
Cowdray House, old papers. Scott. XV, 67.
Clergy of Sussex, subsidy, 1380. Blaawm. V, 229.
Crowhurst manor house, &c. Nesbitt and Walford. VII, 44.
" Cultellum,'' grant by. Corner. VII, 213.
Curteis, Bishop of Chichester. Sir H. Ellis. X, 53.
Chiddingly. Lower. XIV, 207. Inscriptions. Noalies. XIV, 253.
Cade's insurrection. W. D. Cooper. XVIII, 17. Lower. XVIII, 37.
Charles II., flight of. Eoershed. XVIII, 114.
Castles of Sussex. W. D. Cooper and Lower. XVIII, 141.
Cowden parochial account book. Turner. XX, 91.
Cowdray Buck-hall and death-place of Viscount Montague/ Scott. XX, 203.
D.
Dacrfe, Lord, his trial and execution. Lower. XIX, 180.
Danny and Charlton-house MSS. Blencowe. X, 1.
De-la-Warr, badge of. Lower. Ill, 230.
Denton Church. Lower. IX, 96.
Dedications of churches and chapels in West Sussex. Gibbon. XII, 61.
Ditchling. Hutchinson. XIII, 210.
Dureford Abbey. Blaauw. VIII, 41.

Effigy of a Knight at Lewes. Figg. I, 43.
Edward, Prince of Wales, letters written in Sussex, 1305. Blaawm. II, 80.
Eastbourne, Roman remains. Lower. II, 257.
Echingham Church. Slater. IX, 343.
Encaustic tiles. Figg. 111,239.
Elizabeth, Queen, visits to Sussex. W. D. Cooper. V, 190.
Easebourne, Effigy of Sir David Owen. Blaauw. VII, 22-41.
Easebourne Nunnery. Blaauw. IX, 1.
Edward VI., progress in Sussex. Nichols. X, 195.
Eastbourne. Chambers. XIV, 119.
East Grinstead. Stenning. XX, 132,
Eu, Earls of. W. S. EllU. X, 63. F.
Framfield. Hoare. IV, 291.
Frewen and Everenden families' account books. W. D. Cooper. IV, 22.
Fletching. Wilde and Spurrell. IV, 231, 237.
Friston, antiquities at Crowlink. Figg. V, 207.
Fortification of towns and houses. Blaauw. XIII, 104.
Funtington, Roman remains. Smith. X, 1 68.
Flint implements near Hastings. Smart and Lower. XIX, 53.
G.
Gale family. Blencowe. XII, 45.
Gale, the Mayfield schoolmaster. Bleneome. IX, 182.

IV. APPENDIX.
Grimm's Sussex drawings. Wellesley. Ill, 232.
Gravetye. Blaauw. X, 151.
Greatham House. Turner. XVII, 108.
Glynde. De St. Croix. XX, 47

Halnaker and Boxgrove, IX, 223.
Horsted Keynes, Rev. Giles Moore's Journal. Blencowe. I, 65.
Horsted Keynes, cross-legged effigy. Walford. 1, 128.
Hastings, rape, castle, &c. W. D. Cooper. II, 161.
Hastings, Battle of. Lower. VI, 15.
Hastings, rape, Franchises in. W. D. Cooper. VI, 57.
Hastings, Lake and Lennarde. Ross. XII, 159,
Hastings in 1746. Ross. XII, 196.
Hurst-Monceux, and its lords. Venables. IV, 125.
Hurst-Monceux, wills. Lower. IV, 203.
Humphrey, Cornelius, of Newhaven. Spurrell. VI, 190.
Hove, amber cup. Phillips. IX, 119.
Hurst- Pierpoint and its Lords. W. S. Ellis. XI, 50.
Hurst-Pierpoint, Roman remains. Blencowe. XIV, 176.
Hastings College and Priory. Turner. XIII, 132.
Hastings, municipal rights. Cooper and Ross. XIV, 65.
Hastings, parish registers. Greenhill. XIV, 191.
Hastings, old harvest custom and speech. Rock. XIV, 186.
Hamsey. Chapman. XVII, 70.
Hardham, Roman remains. Dawhins. XVI, 53.
Hardham Priory. Hills. XVIII, 54.
Harold, King. Arnold. XIX, 71.
Horsham, a man pressed to death. Lower. XTX, 121.
Horsham, medieval pottery. Honywood. XX, 194.
I.
Icklesham, monumental inscriptions. Butler. XJV, 269.
Ironworks of Sussex. Lower. II, 169. Ill, 240. XVHI 10.
Isfield, and family of Shurley. Turner. XVIII, 124.
Iter Sussexiense of Dr. Burton. Blaauw. VIII, 250.
Inns and Inn-signs. Lower. X, 181.
Incumbencies, presentations to. Walcott. XVII, 104.
J.
Justices of Sussex in 1587. W. D. Cooper. II, 58.
Jeake, Samuel, of Rye. Smart and W. D. Cooper. IX, 45.
Jeake, S., sen., of Rye. Smart. XIII, 57.
K.
Kidder of Maresfield, and Bishop Kidder. Turner. IX 125.
Knepp Castle. Burrell. Ill, 1. V, 143.
Knighthood, compositions for. Sir H. Ellis. XVI 45.
Keymer, encaustic tiles. Turner. XVI, 126.

APPENDIX. V.

Laughton Place. Blaauw. VII, 64.
Lewinna (St.) of Seaford. Blaawm. 1,46.
Lewes Priory, early history. Blaauw. II, 7. Ill, 185.
Landing of William the Conqueror. Lower. II, 53.
Lindfield Church, mural painting. Miss Slater. II, 129.
Lindfield, parochial documents. Loner. XIX, 36.
Lewes rape, subsidy roll, 1296. Blaawm. II, 288.
Lewes Priory, relics. Spnrrell. VI, 253.
Lewes Priory, lantern. Figg. VII, 151.
Lewes rape, subsidy roll. W. S. Ellis. IX, 71.
Lewes Levels Commission. Sir H. Ellis. X, 95.
Lewknor, pedigree. W. D. Cooper. Ill, 89.
Lewes (" Old Lewes"). Figg. XIII, 1.
Lewes Castle museum. Lower and Chapman. XVIII, 60.
Lyminster, dragon-slayer. Everslied. XVIII, 180.
M.
Mayfield Palace. Hoare. II, 221.
Midhurst free chapel. Sir H. Ellis. III. 23.
Michelham Priory. G. M. Cooper. VI, 129.
Monasteries of Boxgrove, Shulbred, Bayham, Dureford, and Lewes, their
suppression. Blaauw. VII, 217.
Miller, family of Burghill and Winkinghurst. Lower. IX, 33.
Maresfield and Dudeney chapels. Turner. IX, 41.
Maresfield. Turner. XIV, 138.
Midhurst. W. D. Cooper. XX, 1.
Midhurst, St. Ann's Hill. Turner. XX. 175.
N.
Newhaven Church. Lower. IX, 89.
Newhaven, Roman remains. Spurrell. V, 262.
Nonas return of Sussex, 1340. Blaauw, I, 58.
Newton family. Noyes. IX, 312.
Ninfield. Sharpe. XVII, 57.
Newhaven, kitchen-midden. Lower. XVIII, 165.
Northeye and Hydneye, lost towns. Turner. XIX, 1.
Nineveh (old house at Arundel). Turner. XX, 184.
O.
Oliver Cromwell's pocket Bible. Lower. II, 78.
Otteham Abbey. G. M. Cooper. V, 155.
Oxenbridge family. W. D. Cooper. XII, 203.
Old Speech and Manners in Sussex. Lower. XIII, 209.
Otehall. Turner. XIX, 61. P.

Paxhill, &c. Blencowe. XI, 1.
Parish Registers, extracts. Blencowe. IV, 243.

VI. APPENDIX.
Pottery-knight found at Lewes. Figg. I, 43.
Portslade mural paintings. Hoper. I, 161.
Pelham and Shirley marriage. Lower. II, 99.
Pelham Buckle. Lower. Ill, 211.
Petworth. Dr. Turner. XIV, 1.
Pevensey Custumal. Larking. IV, 209.
Pevensey Castle excavations. Lower. VI, 265.
Pulborough, British settlement. Martin. IX, 109.
Pynham, Tortington, Hardham and Lyminster priories. Turner. XL 89.
Proofs of age. W. D. Cooper. XII, 23. XV, 211.
Poynings. Marriage settlement of Isabella Poynings. W. D. Cooper. XIV.
182.
Poynings. Holland. XV, 1. Inscriptions, XV, 231.
Petworth, Great George Inn. R. Turner. XIX, 134.
Produce and supplies from Sussex. W. D. Cooper. XVII, 115.
Pevensey, Statutes of Marshes and Custumal. Turner. XVIII, 42.
Percy (Hotspur), Lady Percy of Shakspeare. Arnold. XX, 120,
Plumpton, mural paintings. Campion. XX, 198.

Quakers. Figg. XVI, 65.

Q.

R.

Rebels of Sussex, after Baron's War. Blaauw. VI, 215.
Royal Journeys in Sussex. Blaaum. 11,132.
Rottingdean, ancient copper relic. Hussey. V, 105. Church. IX, 67.
Rusper Priory. Way. V, 244. IX, 303.
Religious houses and recusants. XII, 199.
Refugees, Protestant, in Sussex. Cooper. XIII, 180.
Rye, vicars and their patrons, inscriptions, &c. Butler. XIII, 270.
Rye, appearance of spirits. Butler. XIV, 25.
Roads in Sussex. Dodson. XV, 138. Turner. XIX, 153.
Rivers of Sussex. Lower. XV, 148.
Rye, notes on. Butler. XVII, 123.
Rye, passage book. W. D. Cooper. XVIII, 170.
Royalist compositions. W. D. Cooper. XIX, 91.
Rye, aliens in. W. D. Cooper. XIX, 149.
S.
Seaford, discovery of human remains. W. W. Turner. XX, 180.
Saxon rule in Sussex. Smyth. IV, 67.
Sussex gentry in 1588. Lower. I, 32.
Storrington, British urn. Dixon. I, 55.
Stapley, Rd., of Hickstead, his diary. Turner. II, 102. XVIII 151.
Shepherds of South Downs. Blencowe. II, 247.
South Down earthworks. Turner. HI, 173.
Southease manorial customs. Figg. Ill, 249.
Stedham Church, mural paintings, &c. Harcourt and Butler. IV 1-19.

APPENDIX. Vll.
Streat Place. Blaauw. IV, 93.
Steyning. Medland. V, 111. VIII, 132.
South Mailing. Turner. V, 127.
Saxon names retained in Sussex. W. D. Cooper. VII, 1.
Seaford, memorials of. Lower. VII, 73.
Seaford, monumental inscriptions. Simmons. XII, 242.
Additional memorials. Lower and W. D. Cooper. XVII, 141.
Seaford, medieval pottery. Figg. X, 193.
Seaford, Hospital of Lepers at. Lower. XII, 112.
Scrase family, memoir of. Lower. VIII, 1,
Sedgwick castle. Turner. VIII, 31.
Subsidies in Sussex. Noyes. IX, 102. X, 129.
Sussex, Officers of the Crown. Wellesley. IX, 107.
Sedlescombe (Saddlescombe) Knights-Templars. Blaaum. IX, 227.
Shipley, Knights-Templars. Blaauw. IX, 227.
Smuggling in Sussex. W. D. Cooper. X, 69.
Sele Priory, turner. X, 100.
Shoreham, Friars. Turner. X, 100.
Steyning, Canons. Turner. X, 100.
Slaugham. Blaawm. X, 151.
Sedgwick, Sheffield and Worth, 1549. Sir H. Ellis. XIII, 118.
Seymour, Lord, inventory of goods at Chesworth.
Slaugham Church, mural paintings. Campion. XIII, 237.
Sussex, social condition in 17th century. W. D. Cooper. XVI, 20.
Slindon Church. Jackson. XIX, 126.
Springett, Sir Wm. and his family. Lower. XX, 34.
Slanestreet Causeway. Martin. XI, 127.
Sussex, defence of, temp. Eliz. Blaauw. XI, 147.
Sussex Tradesmens' Tokens. Figg. XI, 171.

Taylor, the water- poet. XVIII, 137.
Tenantry customs. Figg. IV, 304.
Ticehurst Church, Brass of Wybarne. Gaunt. VIII, 17.
Tho. Turner's Diary. Blencowe and Lower. XI, 179.
Tradesmens' tokens. Figg. XVIII, 163.
Topographia Sussexiana. Butler. XV, 215. XVI, 272. XVII, 169. XVIII, 87.

Uckfield. Turner. XII, 1.

V.

W.

Watermills and windmills. Lower. V, 267.
Willingdon, leaden coffer. Lower. 1, 160.
Wiston, descent of. Lower. V, 1.
Wiston, Roman remains. Figg. 11,313.
West Dean parsonage house, &c. G. M. Cooper. Ill, 13.
Wills at Lewes and Chichester. Lower. Ill, 108.

VIII. APPENDIX.
Wilmington Priory and Church. G. M. Cooper. IV, 37.
Warenne, Earls of. Blaauw. VI, 107.
Winchelsea. W. D. Cooper. VIII, 201.
Worth Church. Walford. VILL 235.
Wakehurst. Blaawm. X, 151.
Wilson pedigree. XII, 240.
Will of a Sussex clergyman. Lower. XIII, 49.
Waldron. Ley. XIII, 80.
Westmeston Church, mural paintings. Campion. XVI, 1.
Woodman's door at Warbleton. Luard. XVII, 164.
Whitfeld family. Lower. XIX, 83.

*tf* Under the head of " Notes and Queries" from Vol. VII. to Vol XX. are
several minor articles which could not be included in this Index.

LIST OP SUBSCEIBEES.

A.
Adams, G. E., Esq., College of Arms,
London
Ade, Geo., Esq., 23, Upper Westbourne
Terrace, Hyde Park
Albery, Edwin, Esq., Midhurst, Sussex
Aldridge, Major J. St. Leonard's, Horsham
Anchor, Miss, Wickham, near Chichester
Arnold, Rev. F. H., L.L.B., Ashling, Chi
chester
Ashby, Mr. George, Eastdean, Eastbourne
Ashby, Mr William P., Willards, East-
dean, near Eastbourne
Aylwin, Mr. Jas., Offham, Lewes
B.
Bacon, G. P., Esq., Lewes
Baker, J. B. Esq., Buxted, Sussex
Banks, Rev. G. W., Worth Rectory,
Crawley
Barchard, F., Esq., Little Horsted
Barttelot, Brian B., Esq., Bramblehurst,
East Grinstead
Barttelot, George, Esq., Stopham House,
Petworth, 2 copies
Barttelot, Colonel W. B., Stopham House,
Pulborough
Beard, Thomas Edwd., Esq., High Street,
Lewes
Beattie, A., Esq., Summerhill, Chislehurst,
Kent
Beck, W. C, Esq., Ore, Hastings
Benge, J., Esq., Royal Masonic Institute,
Wood Green, W.
Bennett, T. J., Esq., Chichester
Berry, Brothers, Wine Merchants, Lewes
Biddulph, A. W., Esq., Burton Park, Pet
worth
Blaauw, W. H., Esq., Beechland, Uck
field
Blagden, J. A., Esq., Petworth
Blencowe, R.W., Esq., The Hook, Chailey,
Lewes .
Bloxam, Rev. J. R., D.D., Beeding Priory,
Hurst-Pierpoint
Blyth, H., Esq., Seaford .
Boileau, Sir F. G. M., Bart., Kettenngham
Park, Wymondham, Norfolk
Borrer, Linfield, Esq., Henfield, Sussex

Borrer, Rev. C. H., Hurst-Pierpoint Rec
tory
Bowles, Rev. F. A., Singleton, Chichester
Boxall, W. P., Esq., Belle Vue Hall, Park-
nowle, Cowfold
Boys, J., Esq., 59, Grand Parade, Brighton
Bramwell, Mrs., 3, Cambridge Road,
Brighton
Brown, Alex., Esq., Cottesmore Hall, Oak
ham
Brown, Rev. Felix, Stopham Rectory, Pul
borough
Brown, Richard, Esq., Arlington, near
Lewes
Brown, The Rev. H., M.A., Pevensey,
Eastbourne
Browning, Arthur H., Esq., Lewes
Bruce, J. Collingwood, LL.D., Newcastle-
on-Tyne , Northumberland
Burgess, Mr. A., New Inn, Seaford
Burke, Sir Bernard, Ulster King of Arms
Castle, Dublin
Burrows, J. C, Esq., 62, Old Steyne,
Brighton
Burton, A., Esq., St. Leonards-on-Sea
Butler, G. S-, Esq., F.S.A., Rye, Sussex
C.
Campkin, H., Esq.,F.S.A., Reform Club,
London
Carnegie, The Hon. J. J., Fair Oak,
Petersfield
Carpenter, Hen., Esq., 36a, Moorgate
Street, City
Cavendish, Lord Edward, Devonshire
House, Piccadilly
Catt, A., Esq., School Hill, Lewes
Cattell, Miss Helen, 42, Buckingham
Road, Brighton
Caton, R. R., Esq., F-S.A., Union Club,
Trafalgar Square
Chadwick, H. S., Esq., Brighton
Cheesman, Mr. James, Wadhurst, Sussex
Chichester, The Very Rev. the Dean of,
Deanery, Chichester
Clayton, J. Esq., F.S A., Newcastle-on-
Tyne
Colchester, Lord, Kidbrooke
Combe, B. H., Esq., F.S.A., Oaklands,
Westfield, Sussex

X.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

Coppard, Thos., Esq., Lanehurst Lodge,
Albourne
Cooper, Mrs., 44, Sussex Square, Brighton
Cooper, C. A., Esq., 44, Sussex Square,
Brighton
Cooper, J., Esq.,F.S.A., Lewes
Cooper, W. D., Esq, 81, Guilford Street,
London
Cooper, Miss, 44, Sussex Square, Brighton
Cosens, F. W., Esq., Water Lane, London
Cosens, R., Esq., Barnham, Arundel
Courthope, Geo. C, Esq., Whiligh, Hurst
Green
Cripps, R. M., Esq., Westmeston, Hurst-
I'ierpoint
Croix, Rev. W. de St., M.A., Glynde, Lewes
Currey, E. C , Esq., Lewes
Cox, Mr. Alderman, 15, London Road,
Brighton
Crofts, Mrs., Mailing House, Lewes
Crosskey, R., Esq., Lewes
Cubitt, Geo., Esq., 17, Princess Gate, W.
Curteis, Major E. B., Leasam, Rye
Curteis, H. M., Esq., Windmill Hill,
Hailsham

Daintrey, A., Esq., Petworth
Daniell, Rev. Geo. Fred., Aldingbourne
Vicarage '
Daniell, Rev. G. W., Aldingbourne
Vicarage
Day, W. A., Esq., 16, St. Swithin's Lane,
London
Davies, Colonel F. J., Danehurst, Uck
field
Dearden, Captain, Nymans, near Craw
ley
Derby, C. H., Esq., B.A., 53, Thistle
Grove, WeBt Brompton
Devonshire, Duke of, K.G., Devonshire
House, Piccadilly (2 copies)
Diamond, Dr. H. W., Twickenham House,
Middlesex
Dilke, William, Esq., Chichester
Dodson, J. G., M.P., Esq., Coneyboro',
Lewes
Drakford, Rev. D. J., Brookside, Craw
ley
Dunn, J. R., Esq., Stone House, Warble
ton, Sussex
Duke, Sir James, Bart., Laughton Lodge
E.
Edwards, T. Dyer, Esq., 5, Hyde Park
Gate, Kensington
Ellis, W. S., Esq., Hydecroft, Crawley
Ellman, Rev. E. B., Berwick Rectory
Elsted, W. P., Esq., 13, Snargate Street,
Dover
Elwood, Mrs. Colonel, Clayton Priory
Evans Thos., Esq., Lyminster, near
Arundel
Evans, R., Esq., Dean's Place, Alfriston
Eyton, J. W. K., Esq., F.S.A., 46, Ports-
down Road, Maida Hill, London

F.
Fames, William, Esq., Lewes
Featherstonehaugh, Lady, Uppark
Ferguson, R., Esq., Morton, Carlisle
Ferrey, B., Esq., F.S.A., 2, Inverness
Terrace, Kensington
Fisher, R., Esq., Hill Top, Midhurst
Fisk, Rev. H. J., Hastings
Fletcher, J. C, Esq., Dale Park, Arundel
Flint, Frederick, Esq., 41, High Street,
Lewes
Flower, J. W., Esq-, Park Hill, Croydon
Foley, Rev. J., B.D., Vicar of Wadhurst,
Sussex
Foster, Rev. 3. S., Vicarage, Wivelsfield
Foster, Rev. R., Burpham, Arundel
Fowler, J. A., Esq., 1, Westminster
Chambers, London, S.W.
Franklyn, W. N., Esq., Warnham Lodge,
Horsham
Freund, Mrs., 20, Goldsmith Road,
Brighton

Gage, Lord Viscount, Firle
Gatty, C. H., Esq., Felbridge Park, near
East Grinstead
Gilbert, the Hon. Mrs., Eastbourne
Godman, Joseph Esq., Sladeland, Pet
worth
Goodwin, W. H., Esq., Solicitor, Hast
ings
Godlee, B., Esq., Leighside, Lewes
Goldsmith, Mr H., East street, Lewes
Gorring, Mrs., Seaford, Lewes
Gorringe, P., Esq., Pebsham, Bexhill
Goeden, j., Esq., Eastbourne
Grantham, William, Esq., Sussex Place,
South Norwood, Surrey
Griffiths, Rev. J., LL.D., The College,
Brighton
Guy, Miss, Hamsey Place, Lewes
Guy, Miss, 20, Goldsmid Road, Brighton
H.
Hales, Rev. R. Cox, M.A., Rectory, Wood
mancote, Hurst-Pierpoint
Halliwell, Rev. J., Walpole Villa,
Brighton
Hancock, H. J. B., Esq., Duke's Hill,
Bagshot
Harcourt Colonel, Buxted Park
Harland, J. C, Esq., 4, Lansdown Place,
Lewes
Harland, H., Esq., M.D., Mayfield
Harris, J., Esq., Lesney Park, Belvedere,
Kent
Harris, W., Esq., 4, Bedford Row, Worth-
ing
Harrison, George, Esq., Brighton
Harwood, H., Esq., Amberley
Harwood, Major, The Elms, Ringmer (2)
Haviland, G. E., Esq., Warbleton, Hurst-
Green
Hawkins, E., Esq., London

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

XI.

Haydon, Rev. W., Midhurst
Hazlitt, William, Esq., Registrar, Court
oi Bankruptcy, London
Hepburn, Col. H. P., 18, Charles street,
Berkeley Square
Hill, Charles, Esq., Rockhurst, West
Hothly, East Grinstead
Hillman, J., Esq., Stoneham, Lewes
Hillman, R., Esq., Lewes
Hogg, R., Esq., 99, St. George's Road,
Pimlico, S.W.
Holland, Rev. T. A., Poynings Rectory,
Hurst-Pierpoint
Hollingdale, W., Esq., North Mundham,
ChicheBter
Holmes, E. C., Esq., Brookfields, Arundel
Honywood, Thomas, Esq., Horsham,
Sussex
Hope, A. J. Beresford, Esq., M.P., 1,
Connaught Terrace, London
Horton, George, Esq., 23, Oxford Terrace,
Edgware Road, London
Howell, James, Esq., Brighton
Hubbard, W. E., Esq., Leonardslee,
Horsham
Huckstepp, Mr. Joseph, Sheldwick, near
Faversham
Hughes, Edward, Esq., 31, Earl street,
Maidstone
Husey-Hunt, B., Esq., Lewes
Hussey, Edward, Esq., Scotney Castle,
Lamberhurst

Ingram, James, Esq., Ades, Chailey
J.
Jackson, Miss, 11, Pavilion Parade,
Brighton
Jeffries, Mrs., 13, Undercliff, St. Leo-
nards-on-Sea
Jenkyn, Rev. D. W., Rye
Johnson, E. W., Esq., The Pallant, Chi
chester (2 copies)
Jones, Charles G., Gravelye, Lindfield
Jones, H., Esq., Lewes K.
King, Captain, R.N., Chithurst House,
Petersfield
Kirkland, W., Esq., 16, Hyde Gardens,
Eastbourne

Lane, H. C, Esq., Middleton, Hurst-
Pierpoint
Laurie, P. N., Esq., Paxhill Park, Lind
field ^
Laurie, R., Esq., Clarenceux King of
Arms, College.of Arms
Leconfield, Lord, Coates, Petworth
Lee, Rev. F. G., D.C.L., F.S.A. , 6, Lam-
beth Terrace, S-E.
Lemon, Mark, Esq., Crawley

Lewis, Captain, The High Beech, Hol-
lington, Hastings
Lewis, John, Esq., Lewes
Lennox, Lord H. G., 13, Albert Terrace,
Knightsbridge
La Trobe, C. J., Esq., Clapham House,
Lewes
Lewes Libiary Society
Lintott, W., Esq., Hill, Slinfold
Lucas, J. C, Esq., F.S.A. , Lewes
Lucas, Francis, Esq., Hitchin
Luxford, Rev. G. C, Higham House,
Hurstgreen
Lower, W. de W.H., Esq., Angers, France
Lower, Nynian H., Esq , Henbury, near
Bristol
Lower, E. H., Esq., 7, Westminster Cham
bers, Victoria Street, London
Lower, W. Anthony, Seaford, Lewes
Lower, Miss, Henbury M.
Mackinlay, D., Esq., Pollokshields, Glas
gow (2 copies)
Madgwick, Wm., Esq., Alciston Court
Major, Mr. George, Seaford
Maiden, H. C, Esq., Windlesham House,
Brighton
Manby, Lt.-Col., The Greys, Eastbourne
Marris, Miss, 51, Sydney Street, Brnmpton
Martin, E., Esq., The Grove, Worth,
Crawley
Mann, T., Esq., jun., Tysmanns House,
Horsham
Mauleverer, Miss, The Hall, Armagh,
Ireland
Mayer, J., Esq., F.S.A., Liverpool
Medland, Rev. Thos., Steyning Vicarage
Meek, Geo., Esq., Brantridge, Balcombe
Milner, Rev. J., Beech Hurst, Haywards
Heath
Mitchell, Rev. Henry, F. S A., Bosham
Mitchell, W. W., Esq., Arundel
Molesworth, George, Esq., North Street,
Chichester
Mond, Mr. M., Lewes
Montefiore, J. M., Esq., Worth Park,
Crawley
Morris, Mr. A., Post Office, Lewes
Mortimer, J., Esq., Pippingford Park,
Uckfield
Munn, Rev. J. R., Ashburnham Vicarage,
Battle N.
Napper, H. F., Esq., Laker's Lodge, Wis-
borough Green, Horsham
Nevill, The Lady Dorothy, Dangstein,
Petersfield
Newington, A. T., Esq., The Highlands,
Ticehurst
Nichols, J. G., Esq., F.S.A., Holmwood
Park, Dorking
Norman, G., Esq., Cooksbridge Brewery,
Lewes
Norman, H., Esq., Cooksbridge

XII.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

0.
Olliver, Thomas S., Esq., Courtlands,
near Worthing
Orme, Rev. J. B., Angmering Rectory,
Arundel
Otter, The Venerable Archdeacon, Cow-
fold, Sussex
Ouvry, F., Esq., F.S.A., 12, Queen Anne
Street, London P.
Page, Mr. Thos., Bookseller, Brighton
Paine, Cornelius, Esq., F.S.A., Oak Hill,
Surbiton, Surrey
Paine, Lieut.-Ool., Patcham Place, Brigh
ton
Paine, W. D., Esq., 22, Mincing Lane,
London
Paris, George de, Esq., 13, Denmark Ter
race, Briguton
Parsons, J, L., Esq., Lewes
Peat, Rev. J., M.A., Vicarage, East Grin-

Peckover, W., Esq., Wisbeach
Pelham, Lord, M.P., Stanmer (4 copies)
Penley, Montague, Esq., 3, Montpelier
Crescent, Brighton
Peskett, W., Esq., M.D., Ditchling
Phillips, J. Pavin, Esq., F.S.A., 16, High
Street, Haverfordwest
Phillips, J., Esq., Hastings
Powell, C, Esq., Speldhurst, Tunbridge
Wells
Powell, Rev. R , South Stoke Rectory,
Arundel
Pratt, D., Esq., Cuckfield, Sussex
Prime, A., Esq., Warbleton, Arundel
Fullinger, Mr., Keere Street, Lewes
Purseglove, Mrs., Seaford
Patron, Rev. P. de, Rodmill Rectory
R.
Rees, Mrs., Trowbridge, Wiltshire (4 copies)
Renshaw, Thomas C. , Esq., Sandrocks,
Haywards Heath
Reynard, E. H., Esq., Sunderlandwick,
Driffield
Rhodes, A., Esq., North Hall, Plumpton
Robertson, P. F., Esq., M.P., Halton,
Hastings
Rogers, Rev. Henry, Stone House, Pet
worth
Rock, James, Esq., Domons, Northiam
Rolland, Monsieur P., Angers, France
Roswell, Mr. E. H. W., Market Street,
Lewes
Russell, Rev. J. C, Albion Street, Lewes
S.
Sadler, E. A., Esq., Bepton, Midhurst
Sandford, Mr. William T., Storrington
Sanders, Ja3., Esq., Hailsham
Saxby, Mr. T, Firle, near Lewes
Sclater, J. H., Esq.,Newiok Park, Uckfield

Scott, M. D., Esq., Hove Brighton
Selmes, J. Esq. ,junr, Northiam
Shaw, Captain W. E., 16th Lancers,
Windsor Castle
Sheffield, Lord, Sheffield Park
Shiffner, Rev. Sir George, Bart., Coombe,
Lewes
Shirley, E. P., Esq., Eatington Park,
Stratford-on Avon
Simmons, H., Esq., The Crouch, Sea
ford
Skinner, R. V., Esq., Winchelsea, Sussex
Smith, George, Esq., Paddockhurst,
Crawley
Smith, J. A.., Esq., M.P., 37, Chester
square, London (2 copies)
Smith, Rev. H., M.A., F.S.A., Firle
Vicarage
Smith, J. M., Esq., Lewes
Smith, Mr. W. J., North Street, Brighton
(6 copies)
Somerville, Capt. P., R.N., Gipsy Hill,
Upper Norwood
Sperling, Rev. J. H., Westbourne Rectory,
Chichester
Stenning, J. 0., Esq , Halsford, East
Grinstead

Thacker, Mr. W., Poynings, Hurst-Pier
point
Thomas, Rev. S. W., Southease Rectory,
Lewes
Tompsett, James, Esq., Deans, Pidding
hoe
Tompsett, Mr. J., Seaford
Tompkins, Rev. R. F„ Arundel
Trevor, Rev. G. A., 48, Queen's Gardens,
Lancaster Gate, London
Turner, Captain W. W., Chyngton, Sussex
Daniel-Tyssen, J. R., Esq., Brighton
Daniel-Tyssen, Amherst, Esq., Hare
Buildings, Lincoln's-Inn U.
Upton, H., Esq., Meadow Lodge, Pet
worth V.
Verrall, J. F., Esq., The Mulberries,
Denmark Hill, London W.
Wace, Rev. R.H., Wadhurst, Hurst Green
Waldegrave, Countess of, Hastings
Warren, R. A., Esq., Preston Place,
Arundel
Ward, S. N., Esq., Havelock Lodge, Brigh
ton
Warter, Rev. J. W., B.D., West Tarring
Vicarage, Worthing
Watts, Jas., Esq., Battle
Waterman, W., Esq , Piddinghoe
Weeden, W. D., Esq., Hall Court, Rype

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

Xlll.

Weekes, Geo., Esq.. Carey Hall, Hurst-
Fierpomt
Weir, J., Esq., F.L.S., 6, Haddo Villas,
Blackheath
Webster, F., Esq., Battle
West, F.G., Esq., Horham Hall, Thaxted,
Essex
Whitfeld, Thos., Esq., Hamsey House
Whiting, Mr. W., High Street, Uckfield
Wetherell, Oapt. R., Tunbridge Wells
Winchester, The Rt. Rev. the Bishop of,
Woolavington
Winkley, W., Esq., F.S.A., Harrow-on -
the-Hill
Wisden, Captain, Broadwater

Woodhams, T. K., Esq., Seaford
Wood, S. N., Esq., Havelock Lodge,
Brighton
Woods, Rev. G. H., Shopwyke House,
Chichester
Worcester, The Bishop of, Hartlebury,
Kidderminster
Worge, J. A., Esq., Ore, Hastings
Wyatt, H., Esq , LL.D., Cissbury, Worth
ing Y.
Young, W. B., Esq., Wellington Square,
Hastings

This List will be kept open for a short time for the convenience of persons
desirous to subscribe at the original price, Iwenty-five Shillings.

GEO. P. BACON, LEWES, SUSSEX.

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