YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1939 ax-. . //ff^ THE ELEMENTS O F HERALDRY. Jihmtispuce. Jyz/f>u- .//^ '^ <-^ ^ i!^ ^ua THE .E L E ME N T S OF HERALDRY. C H A p. L Cf the Definition, Origin, and Antiquity of Heraldry and Arms. HERALDRY is a Science which teaches how to Blazon, or explain in proper terms, Ml that belongs to Coats-of-arms, and how to Marpal, or diipofe regularly, divers^Arms in a Shield. Arms, or Coats-of-arms, are marks of honour, made up of fixed and determined B ' Colours, ± ELEMENTS Colours^ Figures, tid either' hereditary tf granted by Sovereign Princes, as a reward for military valour, a fhining virtue, or a iignal public fervice -, and which ferve to denote the defcent of the bearer, or to dif- tinguifh States, Cities, Families, and So-- cieties, civil, eccleliaftical, and military. Thus Heraldry is the Science, of which Arms are the proper objed: ; but yet they differ much both in their Origin and Anti quity . . . Arms, according to Gerard Liegh, a learned blazoner, have heen in ufe from the beginning of the world. Sir George Mac kenzie, a famous Scotch armorift, refers them to the Patriarch facob, vAio, bleffing his fons, gave them marks qf diftindtion, which the twelve Tribes bore on their Enfigns. Sir fohn Feme is of opinion that we did borrow them from the Egyptians, meaning from their Hieroglyphicks. We find in Homer, Virgil, and Ovid, that their Heroes had divers Figures on their Shields, whereby their perfons were diftinftly known. Guillim believed that Arms, as marks of honour, were firft diflributed hy Alexander the Greaty to OP HERALDRY. 3 to diftinguifh thofe that h,ad done s>ny glo rious aftion, that they might excite an emulation jarnongft bis foldiers. After thefe, and many other different opi nions, all that c^n be faid with any cer tainty is, that in all ages, men have mad^ ufe of Figures of living creatures, or fym- boUcal figns, to diftinguifli. themfelves in war, to denote the bravery and courage ei ther of their Chief or NatioJo, and even to render themfelves the more terrible * to their enemies. The famous C. Agrippa, in his treatife of the vanity of Sciences, has coUedted many inftaoces of thefe marks of diftindlion, viz. The Egyptiani^ The Phrygians The Goths The Romans The Franks The Saxons o U3 i V. an Ox, a Swine, a Bear, an Eagki a Lion, " a Horfe. * Plutarchy in the life of Marius., obferves, that it was for that purpofe the Cimbri and Teutones., the an cient inhabitants of the countries now called Jutland and Lower-Saxony, bore the fi^unes-pf fierce beafts on their Shields, is?c, B 2 The 4 E L E' M'E'N T S TheMaft is ftillbore in the Arms of his pre-^ fe:ht Britanick Majefty. As to hereditary Arms of Families, Wiilidm Cambden, Sir' Henry Spelman, aiid other judicious Heralds, agree, that they begian no -fooner than to wards the latter end. of the eleventh centur»^* According to Father Idenifirier s opiftion'i a French writer, whofe authority is of great weight in this matter, at the regulating of TouR]^ AMENT Si' -firft caiiie up Coats-bf- arms, whicli were" a fort -ijf Livery, mader up of feveral lifts, fillets, ¦'• or narrow pieces of ^ftuff, of 'diVers coloufsi rfrom wherice came the" Fefs, 'the Bend, the Pale, Gfr.' which were the original of- Family-arms ;' for they who never had been "at Tourna ments, had' not fuch marks' of diftindtion. They who inlifted themfelves in the Cru sades * took up alfo armorial enfigns, par- ¦v'.k,xv-- ticularly * The 'Cr/'/rt^/cj were expeditions, which, upon an indifcreet zeal,' direfted by the 'k.mmn Pontiff's, were firft undertaken ag:iinft the Turks for the recovery of The Holy-land. Thofe who lifted in thefe ralh and in- imman wars, fanflified by "Superftition, Ignorance, and OF HERALDRY. 3 ticularly Croffes, of different colours for dif- tindtion fake. From this may be concluded that Heraldry, like moft human inventions, was infenfibly introduced and eftabliflied ; and that after having been rude andunfettled for many age§, it was at laft methodifed, perfedted^ and fixed, by the Crufades and Tournaments. Thefe marks of honour are called Arms, from their being principally and firft worn by military men at war and Tournaments, who had them engraved, emboffed, or de- pidted on Shields, Targets, Banners, or other martial inftruments. They are alfo called Coats-of-arms from the cuftom of the- Ancients, embroidering them on the Coats they wore over their Arms. and Prieft-craft, took upon themfelves the Crofs, which, for diftinftion fake, the feveral nations of Eu rope wore of diiFerent colours. B ^ CHAP. 6 ELfi MENTS CHAP. II. Cf the different Sorts ominion, Of Pretenfion, Of Concefjion, Of Community, Of Patronage, Of Family, Of Alliance, Of Succefjion. Arms ti Dominion or Sovereignty, are thofe which Emperors, Kings, and fovereign States do conftantly bear ; being, as it were, annexed to the Territories, Kingdoms, and Provinces, they poffefs. Thus the three Lions are the Arms oi England, the Fleurs- de-lis thofe of Fr^^cd-, &c. Arms oi Pretenfion, are thofe of fuch Kindoms, Provinces, or Territories, to which a Prince or Lord has fome claim, and which he OF HERALDRY. 7 he adds to his own, although the faid king doms or territories be poffefled by a foreign Prince or other Lord. Thus theKings qf ¦England have quartered the Arms of France with their own, ever fince Edward III. laid claim to the crown of France. Arms of ConceJJion or Augmentation of honour, are either entire Arms, or elfe one or more figures given hy Princes, as a re ward for fome extraordinary fervice. We read in hiftory that Robert Bruce, king of Scotland, allowed the Earl of Wintoun to bear, in his Coat-armour, a falling crovm fupported by a fword, to fliew that he, and the Clan of Seaton, oi which he was the head, fupported his tottering crown. The late ^een Anne granted to Sir Cloudefiy Shovel, Rear Admiral of Great Britain, a Chevron between two Fleurs-de-li/s in Chief, and a Crefcent in ISafe, to denote three great vidtortes he had gained; two over xh.e.French, and one over the Turks, A R M s of Community, are thofe of Biftiop- ricks. Cities, Univerfities, Academies, Socie ties, Companies, and other bodies corporate. B 4 Arms 8 E. LEMENTS, Arms oi Patronage, are fuch as Go vernors of Provinces, Lords of Manors, Pa trons of Benefices, '&c. add to their Family-^ arriis, as' a token of their Superiority, Rights, and Jurifdidlion. Thefe Arms have intro duced into Heraldry, Caftles, Ploughs, Rakes,. Harrows, &c. ¦Arms oi ¥2imi\Y ox Paternal-arms, are thofe that belong to one particular family, that diftinguifli it from others, and which no perfon is fuffered to affume without com mitting a crime, which Sovereigns have a right to reftrain andpunifli. Arms of Alliance, are thofe which Fa milies, or private perfons, take up and join to their own, to denote the Alliances they have contradled by marriage. Tiiis fort of Arms is either impaled or born in an Efcut- cheon of Pretence, which laft is very common amongft thofe that have married Heireffes. Arms of Succeffion, are fuch as are taken up by them who inherit certain Eftates, Manors, ^c. either by vv^ill, entail, or dona tion, and which they either impale or quar ter with their own Arms; which multi plies OF HERALDRY. 9 plies the Titles of fome Families out of neceffity, and not through oftentation, as many imagine. . •; These being the eight Claffes under which the divers forts of Arms ard general ly ranged, I fliall only add, that fome Blazoners call afiiimptive Arms, fuch as are taken up by the caprice or fancy of Upftarts, who being advanced to a degree of Fortune, affume them without having deferved them by any glorious adlion. This, indeed, is a great abufe of Heraldry ; but yet fo com mon, and fo much tolerated, almoft every wherej that little or no notice is taken of it, and in procefs of time become true marks of Diftindtion. CHAP. ro ¦E L E: M E I^ T S CHAP. III. Ofthe Effential and Integral Parts of Arms. HAVING given the Definition oi Arms, ¦ ftiewn their Antiquity, and enume rated their divers kinds; it is time to pro ceed to the knowledge of their Effential and Integral Parts, which are, ^ ,,The Shield, The Charges, The Tinctures, The Ornaments. ARTICLE L Oftht Shield T>r Escutcheon. 'TpHE Shield fignifies the Field o^ Ground whereon are repi'efented the Charges or Figures that make up a Coat-of- arn\s ; for thefe marks of diftindtion were put on Shields or Bucklers before they were placed on Banners, Standards, Flags, and Coat -Armour : and wherever they rnay be fixed, they are ftill on a Plane or Super ficies whofe form refembles a Shield. Shields, in Heraldry called Efcutcheons, ox Scutcheons, from the Latin v7ovA' Scutum^. have OF HERALDRY. ii have been, and ftill are of different forms, according to different Times and Nations. Amongft ancient Shields, I find, that fome have been almoft like a Horfe-fiooe, fuch as is reprefented by Fig. i, ift the Plate of Efcutcheons; others triangular, fomewhat rounded at the bottom, fet Fig. 2. Some times the Shield was hexagonal, that is, had fix ii6:ts, fee Fig. 3; ThzX oi Knights Bannerets * was fquare, like a Banner, fee Fig. 4. As to modern Efcutcheons, thofe of the Italians, particularly of Ecclefiaftics, are ge nerally oval, fee Fig. 5. The Englifii, * This was formerly an Englifli military order, the creation of which is thus related by Sir William Segar, page 69. " The perfon is led between two Knights, *' into the prefence of the King or General, with his " Pennon of arms in his hand, and there the Heralds " declare his merit for which he deferves to-be made " a Knight Banneret, and thenceforth to difplay 3 *' Banner in the field. Then the King, or General, " caufes the point of his Pennon to be cut or torn ofF " (to make it fquare) and the new made Knight re- f turns to his tent, the trumpets fpunding before « him," French, 12 .E L E M L. N T .S French, Germans, and. other nations, hav^ their Efcutcheons formed different ways, according to the Carvers or Painter's fancy; fee the various Examples contained from Fig. 6, to Fig. 1 6, inclufively. But the Efcutcheon of Maiden JLadies and Widows A. is, or ought tp be, in form of a Lozenge. See Fig. ij, i8, 19, and 20. Armorifts diftinguifli feveral parts or' points in Efcutcheons, in order to determine exadtly the pofition of the Bearings they are charged with ; they are here denoted by the firft nine letters of the Alphabet, ranged i{i the following manner. The feveral Points of the Efcutcheon. the dexter Chief the precife middle Chief. the finifier Chief. ¦ the honour Point. A-B- C- D - E - F — thi' 7iornbril Point. G — the dexter B a fe. H — the precife middle Bafe. I — tbcfinfier Bofc. i.h J ejs 1 C1.1 The OF H E R A L D R Y. 13 ' The knowledge of thefe points * is of great importance; and ought to be well ob- ferved ; for they . are frequently occupied with feveral things of different kinds ; and, by the bye, take nbtice, that the Dexter-fide of the Efcutcheon anfwers to the left-hand, and the Sinifier-fide to the right-hand of the perfon that looks on it. ARTICLE II. Of the Tinctures. "^JEXT to the Shield we are to confider the various Tindtures that are laid ori it, and on the Figures with which it is charged. ¦ By TinSiures is meant that variable hue bf Arms which is common to both Shields and their Bearings. It is diftributed into Colours and Furs. * French Armorifts dilFer a little in this cafe from the Englijh ; for in order to mark the divers points of the Shield, they range the fame nine Letters in the followr ing manner ; D B E in Chief, F A G in Fefs, and H CI in Bafe. SECT. 14 E.L E M E N T S SECT. L Cf Colours. 'npH E wofd Colour; tho' it fliould only be faid of the external dye wherewith any thing is coloured or ftained, is alfo ex- preffed in Heraldry by the names of feveral kinds oi Metals, Precious. Stones, and Planets; which have either fome refemblance or affi nity to it. The two laft have been introduced, tho' without any authority but their own, by fome Englifii Armorifts, in order to make a diftindtion in the blazoning of Coats-of- arms, betwixt the different degrees of Perfons. Therefore Arms are to be blazoned by Metals and Colours, when they belong tq Gentlemen, Efquires, Knights, and Baronets. They are to be blazoned by Precioui Stones, when they are thofe of Barons, Vifcounts, Earls, Marquiffes, and Dukes. And by Planets, when they belong to Sovereign Princes, Kings, and Emperors. The OF HER AL DRY. »S The Colours generally mad^ ufe of in He raldry are nine, viz. Colours Names Stones Planets Yellow >. f Or Topax Sol White Argent Pearl Luna Red Gules Ruby Mats Blufi Si; c jixure Sapphire Jupiter Black )i{ Sdile Diamond Saturn Green 3 Vert Emprald Venus Purple rt 1^ Purpure ^mtthift Mercury * Orange "s Tenne Hyacinth Dragott^s Head Murrey ' ^ <. Sanguine Sardonyx Dragon's Tait Moft Armorifts of all Nations are very prolix on the Nature, Properties, AUufions, and myftical Significations of Heraldick Tindtures ; and others difpute about the dignity and excellency of Colours, pretend- * Thefe two following Colours are confidered by iovas Britifb Heralds as Stainant, that is, ufed for marks of difgrace in the Bearer ; and yet G. Leigh and Sir J. Feme call them Colours of Worfliip. Guillim quotes two Englifli families, which he calls Hounzaker and Piners, that have born Fenne a. long time in their Arms. Tbe laft belonged formerly to the Prince of Wales. ing i6 ELEMENTS ing that fome are nobler than the Others ; but fuch inquiries and.reafonings having no folid foundation, I fliall take no notice of them, biit proceed to fhew how, vrheri Tinc tures are not laid down on Coats-of-arms, they are reprefented in Graviiigs and Cuts. Or, which iigni&es gold, and in colour y^/Zo-ayi is expreffed by points, pricks, or dots, as in Figure^ i . Plat e UI. bf the Tinctures. The Preciods Stone to which it is compared is Topaz, and the Planet Sol. Ar&ent, which fignifies Silver,, and m coldur white, needs no mark,, and there fore is left plain, as in Fig. 2. Tlje pre cious Stone of this Tindture is Pearl, and the Planet Luna. Gules, which fignifies red, is expreffed by perpendicular lines, drawn from the Chief to the Bafe ofthe Shield, as in Fig. 3. The Precious Stone is the Ruby, and its Planet Mars. Azure fignifies blue, and is marked by horizontal lines, that is, lines parallel to the J^. _.____.^_____=£__ ri.^ TEII. OF TME TIWCTIWES. o.^ HERALDRY. 17 the Chief of the Shield, as in Fig. 4. Its Precious Stone is Sapphire, and the Planet fupiter. Vert, which fignifies green, is repre fented by diagonal lines, drawn defcending from the Dexter to the Sinifter Side of the Shield, as in Fig. 5. Its Precious Stone is Emerald, and the Planet Venus. Purpure denotes the purph Col'okr, and is exprefled by diagonal lines drawn contrary to thofe for Fert, that is, from the Sinifter to the Dextei* Side of the Shield, as in Fig. 6. The Precious Stone is the Amethyfi, and the Planet Mercury. Sable, which fignifies black, is expreffed by both horizontal and perpendicular lines croffing each other, as in Fig. 7. The Precious Stone is the Diamond, and the Planet Saturn. Tenne, which ig the tawny or Orange colour, . is marked by diagonal lines drawn from the Sinifter to the Dexter Side of the Shield, traverfed by perpendicular lines from the Chief, as in Fig. 8. The Precious C Stone i8 ELEMENTS Stone is the Hyacinthj and inftead of a Planet the Dragons head. Sanguine, which is the darkly red or Murrey colour, is reprefented bylines croffing each other diagonally on both fides, from Dexter to Sinifter, and from Sinifter to Dexter, as in Fig. g. The Precious Stone to this colour is the Sardonyx, and inftead of a Planet, the Dragons tail is appropriated to it, which, in its workings and movingSy keeps a conftant courfe in the Zodiack as Planets do, Befides thefe Tindtures, there are nine Roundelets or Balls ufed in Armory, the, names of which are fufficient in Blazoning, to denote their Colour, without expreffing the fame. They are reprefented in Fig. lo. and are named as follows : Befants ~i r Or Plates Argent Hurts Azure Torteauxes o Gules Pomeis ) " ( Vert Golpes i\\ Purpure Pellets * ^ Sable Oranges Tenne Cuzes _ \_ Sanguine '' Or Ojeja. SECT. OF H E R A L D R Y. 19 SECT. II. Of Furs. FURS reprefent the hairy Skin of cer tain Beafts * prepared for the doublings or linings of Robes and garments of Sta.te ; and therefore are ufed in Heraldry, not only for the linings of the , Mantles, and other ornaments of the Shield, but a].fo, in the Coat-armours themfelves. Their different kinds are comprifed under the following names, viz. * The two little Creatures, from which the diffe rent kinds of Furs ufed in Heraldry take their names, are the Ermine and the Vair. The firft is an amphibious bteaft fortiewhat like a fi^eefel, whofe Ikin being ejc- tremely white and, foft, hiakes a very rich Fur^ " Pliny fays, it is the ikin of a fort of Armenian Rat, called in Latin Mus Ponticus, that is, a Rat of Pontus, in Afia minor. The Furriers fpot its ikin with fmall black tufts, taken either out of the tail of that animal, or of a Cat's Ikin. The Vair is a little creature called by the Latins Varus ; fome fay it is a kind of a Pole-Cat, found in the Eaft or in Africa, whofe ikin is white under the belly, and bluifli grey on the back ; but Sir John Feme derives the name df this Tindture from the French ¦word varie, on account of the changes it confiftsof. C 2 Whites 20 ELEMENTS White, Pean-i Ermine, Vair, Ermines, Gounter-vair, Erminois, and ErmyniteSy P otenf -counter-potent i White, the natural colour of a -little beaft called Ermine, or, according to fe)me Author Sy Lituit, or Luten, is only to be termed fo, when it is ufed for the doubling of Mantles ; for as to the Field, or in the compofition of Arms, it muft be named Argent. Ehm'ine, i^ a Field Argent, with finall points or fpots Sable, in the form of little Triangles,, which in Heraldry are generally called Powderingi. See Fig. r i . Ermines, is a Field Sable, with the Powdering Argent ; as in Fig. 1 2. Erminois, is when the Field is Or, and Powdering Sable; asin Fig. 13. Pean, is when the Field is Sab'le, and the Powdering Or ; as in Fig. 1 4. Ermynites, is the fame as Ermine, only it has a red hair on each fide the black. Vairy OF HERALDRY. 21 Vair or Vaire, is of Argent and Azure, and is reprefented in Heraldry by the figures of little bells reverfed, ranged in a line, in fuch a m^^riiicr that the Baferargertt is oppo-* fite to the Bafe-azure. See Fig. 15. But it is to be obferved, that if your Vair is bf different Tindtures^' and not jointly of Argent and Azure, that variation muft be expreffed in Blazoning, and you muft fay Vair, Or and Gules, or what ever Tindture it is of. Counter-vair, is when Bells or Cups of the fame Tindture are placed and likewife divide it into four equal partSy as Fig. 2. The Efcutcheon is fometimes divided into a greater number of parts, in order to I ..^y s . 4' OF HERALDRY. 25 to place in it. the Arms ofthe feveral Families to which one is allied J ^nd in this cafe it is called a Genealogical At- chievernent. Thefe divifions may confift of S, 12, and 16, Quarters, as in Fig. 3, and even fometimes of 20, 32, and 64 ; there being examples of fuch divifions amongft the Germans, who, of all other nations, value themfelves the moft on .their gentility. ' . ' \ - 1 V4 ¦^ ¦ , ARTICLE IV, Of the Differences o/" Coats-of-ArMe. ARMORISTS have invented divert differences, or charadterical marks, whereby Bearers of the fame Coat-of-arms are diftinguiftied each from others, and their ne^nefs to theprincipal Bearer demonftrated. According to f. Guillim thefe differences are to be confidered, either as Ancient or Modern. SECT. 26 ELEMENTS SE ct. l' Of Ancient Differences. THOSE he calls Ancient Difference? confift in Bordures only, which were ufed in ancient Times for the diftinguiftiing not only of one Nation or Tribe from an other, but alfo to note a diverfity between particular perfons, defcended of one Fa mily, and from the fame Parents. This diftindtion however, as Sir John Feme and others obferve, was notexprefsly fignified by unvariable marks; nor were Bordures al ways appropriated to denote the different degrees of birth, which, I fuppofe, has in duced modern Armorifts to invent and make ufe of others. There are Bordures of different Forms and Tindtures, as it appears by the follow-. ing Examples, EXAMPLES p.2J. PL ATM TBE HI. OT'BORDURES. 1 OF HERALDRY. 27 EXAMPLES Of Bordures born with Arms, ¦^ H E firft is Diamond, a Bordure Pearl; born bythe 'S^t.l:iion..Sackv.ille Tufton, Earlof Thanet, ©"r.When a Bor dure is plain, you are not to mention it, as it is always underftood fo in Heraldry, tho' it be not. expreffed ; but if it has any other form you are to fignify it. The fecond is Ruby, a Bordure engrailed Argent. This is called engrailed from the Latin word Ingredior, wliich fignifies to Go in or to Enter. This kind of Bordure ^s born by the Right Hon. Charles Gray, Lord Gray. Tlje third is Ruby, a Bordure engrailed Topaz; born by the Rt.Hon. George Talbot, Earlof Shrewsbury, &c. The fourth is Argent, a Bordure inveSled Azure. This Bordure is quite contrary to the laft, for as the other did enter into the Field, fo contrarywife this does, by the in- f erfion of the points into itfelf. The ^2 ELEMEITTS The fifth is Gules, a Bordure indented Argent. This is fo termed from its being compofed of tradts refembling teeth, called in Latin Denies. The fixth is Azure, a Bordure Ermine,. TJie feventh is Vert, a Bordure Vair. . The eighth is Ermine, a Bordure corn- pony, or gobony. Or and Sable. This is fo termed from its being compofed of fmal^ and equal pieces. J. Guillim calls this bor dure Gobonated, which implies the fame meaning; but the word being obfolete, is not ufed by modern Heralds, The ninth i-s ^arterly Sapphire and Ruby, a Bordure compony Pearl and Sapphire ; born by his Grace H^/rrj' Somerfet, Duke of Beaufort, &c. The tenth is Azure, a Bordure count er- compony Argent and Gules. Obferve that the Counter-compony does always confift of two tradts, and no mor^. The eleventh is Qr, aBordure cheeky Ar gent and Sable. This has a great refem blance with the laft Bordure, haying only one tradt more; thei'efore you muft take care of heraldry. 29 care before you blazon, to number them, or elfe you may eafily err in taking the one for the other. The twelfth is Gules, a Bordure Argent charged with Verdty of Trefoils, or eight Tre foils flipped proper, that is. Vert. Some Armorifts, in order, as they imagined, to raife the dignity bf this Science, have per plexed it, by introducing into it feveral myftical names, among which may be rec koned the following ones, viz. they call a Bordure, if charged with eight Plants, Fruits, Flowers, or Leaves, Verdoy of fuch Vegetables ; or Enaluron of fuch Birds ; Eniirny oi Beafts ; Perfiew oi Furs ; and Entoyre oi inanimate things of what kind ibever. The thirteenth is Ruby, on a Bordure Sapphire, eight Stars Topa'Z; born by the Right Hon. James Lindfay, Earl of Bal- caras, &c. in Scotland. The fourteenth is Pearl, a Bordure com pony Pearl and Ruby, the firfi charged with Verdoy ofRofes of the fecond, barbed and f ced ed proper. This Bordure is born by his , Grace 30 ELEMENTS Grace Charles Lenox, Duke of Rich-- monp, &c. The Fifteenth is Ermine, within a Bor-'. dure engrailed Ruby; the Coat-of-arms, of the Right Hon. Henry -Bene diB- 'Qsi.rnt-^^ wall,'' Vifcount Kingsland,- &c. of Ire" land. This ancient and noble family is of French extradtion, and allied to the Dukes of Little-Bretagne, where the name con-' tinues ftill in great repute. The fixteenth is Pearl, a Bordure Dia^ mond charged with eight Befants ; born by the Right Hon. — Cole, Lord Ranelagh, of Ireland. The feventeenth is Party per pale Pearl and Ruby, a Bordure charged with eight Efcalops of the fame counterchanged ; the Coat-of-arms of the Right Hon. William Maule, Earl of Panmure, &c. oi Ireland. This very ancient family are originally French, and derive their furname from the, town and lordffiip of Maule in Normandy, where, the fame Arms are ftill to be feen in. the parifli church. The OF H E R A L E) R Y. 31 The eighteenth is Azture, aBordure quar terly, the firfi and third Ermine,, the fecond ¦and fourth counter-compony^ Argent and Gules. The nineteenth is Purpure, a Bordure com pony Or and Gules, the lafi charged with Be fants. The twentieth is ^arterly Or and Gules, ¦'within a Bordure Vert, charged with eight Efcalops Or. SECT. the Label 3^ E L. E M. E N T S S E C T. U. Of Modern Differences. ' I ^HE modem differences, which ferve J[ not only for the diftinguifliing of fons iflued Orut of one family, but alfo to denote the different ahd fubordinate degrees in each houfe, from the original' anceftors, are nine, viz. For the heir or \9tfon, zdfon, the Crescent 2^ fon, the Mullet j^th foh, the Martlet ^th fon, the Annulet 6th fon, the Flower-de-luce yth fon, the Rose Sth fon, the Cross-moline gthfn, the Double Qv AT EK-F OIL ^^\ f'j3^ Pl/A Ti: IV. TSE T^MZJS ofMOITSES, kc . 2 - 3 5 6,&c m a. O ^'i s. »,'Kl^% it- ¦n%i therefore are permitted to bear the Arms of their Father, even as the eldeft Son does af ter his Father's deceafe. Next to thefe Diminutions G. Leigh, J. Guillim, and after them Dr, Harris^, fet forth at large divers Figures, which they pretend were formerly added to the Coats of fuch as were to be puniflied and branded for Cowardice, Fornication, Slander, Adultery, Treafon, or Murder, for which they give them the name of Abatements of Honour ; but as they produce no inftance of fuch whimfical bearings, I have not inferted them in this treatife. Befides, Arms being Marks of Honour, they cannot admit of any note of Infamy ; nor would any body bear them, if they were fo branded. 'Tis true, a man may be degraded for divers crimes, particu- * In his Lexicon Technicum, or Univerfal DiiSionary of Arts and Sciences. D 2 larly 36 ELEMENTS larly High Treafon ; but in fuch cafes, the the Efcutcheon is reverfed, trod upon, and torn in pieces, to denote a total extindtion and fuppreffion of the honour and dignity of the perfon to whom it belonged. CHAP. OF H E R A L D R Y. 37 CHAP. IV. Of the Charges. ARMORISTS call a Charge whatfoever is contained in the Field, whether it occupy the whole, or only a part thereof. All Charges are diftinguiffied by the names of Honourable ordinaries. Proper ordinaries, and Common charges. Honourable Ordinaries, the principal Charges in Heraldry, are made of lines only, which, according to their difpofition and form, receive different names. Proper Ordinaries are ancient heraldic figures, frequently ufed in Coats-of-arms, and which are diftinguiflied by terms appro priated to each of them. Common Charges are compofed of natu ral, artificial, and even chymerical things, fuch as Planets, Creatures, Vegetables, In ftruments, &c. And, as in the treating of thefe, there will be required a great variety of Examples, I fliall beftow a whole Chap ter upon them in its proper place. D 3 ARTIC LE sf ELEMENTS ARTICLE L O/" Honourable Ordinaries. 'X^HE moft judicious Armorifts admit only nine honourable Ordinaries *, viz. The Bar The Chevron The Cross The Salteir The Chief The Pale The Bend The BEHDfinfier The Fess And of thefe, but three, have Diminutives, which are called as follow; that of the Chief is a Fillet. The Pale a Pallet and Endorfe. The Bend a Bendlet, Cofi, and * Several authors that have treated of Heraldry have made long and tedious inquiries into the origin and refemblance of Honourable Ordinaries. Thus the author of La Science heraldique fays, that Honourable Ordinaries being laid all together on the Coat-armour, which reprefents a man's body, they would cover it entirely. That the CZi/^/" reprefents the Helmet which covers his head ; the Pale reprefents his Launce or Spear ; the Bend his long Belt ; the Fefs his Scarf j the Chevron his Boots and Spurs ; the Crofs and Salteir his Sword. Others will have it, that from the varie gated habits of Jujlers all heraldic Figures were taken : but thefe, and the like conjedlures, are not to be de pended upon. Riband. OF HERALDRY. 39 Riband. The Bend-sinister has the Scrape and Baton. The Bar the Clofet and Baru- let. The Chevron a Chevronel and Cou- ple-clofe: all ^hich fliall be treated of in order. SECT. I. Of the Chief. 'T^HE Chief is an ordinary determined by an horizontal line, which, if it is of any other form but ftraight, muft be ex preffed. It is placed in the upper part of the Efcutcheon, and containeth in depth the third fpace of the Field. Its Diminu tive is a Fillet, the content of which is not to exceed one fourth ofthe Chief, and ftand- eth in the loweft part thereof. This Ordi nary is fubjedt to be charged with variety of figures, and may be Indented, Undy, Nebule, &c. as is to be feen in the following Examples. D 4 EXAMPLE S, 40 ELEMENTS EXAMPLES. Of Chiefs born in Coats-of-arms. 'TpHE firft is Topaz, a Chief indented Sapphire; born by the Right Hon. Edmund Butler, Vifcount Mount gar ret, &c, of the kingdom of ire/<2W. This great and illuftrious family of the Butlers, fo renowned for the many valiant and loyal perfons it has produced, is defcended from the ancient Counts of Brion in Normandy ; but fince King Henry II. conferred the ofiice of Chief Butler of Ireland 'upon one of the family, he and his fucceffors have affumed the name of Butler. The fecond is Azure, a Chief engrailed Or. The third is Argent, a Chief inveSled Vert. The fourth is Vert, a Chief undy Or. The fifth is Azure, a Chief nebule Argent. The fixth is Or, a Chief cheeky Argent and Azure. The feventh is Ertnine, a Chief quarterly Or and Gules ; born by the name of Peck ham. ThQ p 40 ¦ PZA TE TME V. OJ' CMlErS, fee . 8 10 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 *¦ »¦ i' ? i i i ' 20 1 i » '« ¦» I ,.'« ' * • . OF H E R A L D R Y. 41 The eighth is Argent, a Chief Sable, in the lower part thereof a Fillet Argent, fl The ninth is Sapphire, fretty Pearl, a Chief Topaz, born by the Right Hon, Hayes St. Leger, Vifcount Doneraile, &c. of the County of Cork, in Ireland. This an tient and noble family is of French extrac tion, and is defcended from Sir Robert Sent Legere, Knight, who, in 1066, accompa nied William Duke of Normandy in his ex pedition into England; and the family have a tradition, that he, with his own hand, fup ported the faid Duke when he quitted the fliip to land in Suffex. The tenth is Argent, on a Chief engrailed Azure, a Tortoife paffant Or ; born by the name of Bidgood. The eleventh is Pearl, on a Chief Ruby, two Mullets pierced Or ; born by the Right Hon. John St. John, Lord St, John of Bletflioe, &c. Of this antient family, which derive their furname from a place called St. John, in Normandy, was John de St. John, Efq; who having a principal employment in 42 E L E M E N T S in the army of the Norman Duke, attended him in his expedition into England, The twelfth is Pearl, on a Chief Emerald, two Spears Heads ereSi ofthe Field, the points imbrued Ruby; born by the Right Hon. George Brodrick, Vifcount Middleton, &c, of the kingdom ois Ireland. This family is lineally defcended from George de Brodrick, who came into England in the reign of William II. The thirteenth is Topaz, on a Chief Di-' amond, three Efcalops of the firfi ; for the name of Graham, and born quatered i and 4 by his ' Grace William Graham, Duke, Marquis, and Earl of MontRose, &c. According to the Scots writers, this great and noble family is defcended from the renowned Greme or Grame, who, in the year 404, was general of King Fergus II's, army, and in 420, forced his way thro' that wall built by the Britons, between the rivers Forth and Clyde, to keep out the Scots from, molefting them in their poffeffions, and the faid breach has ever fince been called Grame s Dyke. The OF HERALDRY. 43 The fourteenth is Pe^rl, on a Chief in dented Ruby, three Croffes pat tee ofthe Field; born by the Right Hon. John Perceval, Earl of Egmont, &c. This very ancient and noble family is fuppofed, from circum- ftances little ffiort of pofitive proofs, to have fprung from a younger branch of the Sove reign Dukes of Bretagne in France, of the fame name, where now remain two noble families from this province. They were tranfplanted into Normandy before the con- queft, poffeffed of great eftates and power, and invefted with the office of Chief Butler. Upon the Norman invafion, two of this fa mily came over into England with the Con queror, from one of which the defcent of the prefent Earl of Egmont is deduced by the cleareft and moft indifputable proofs of hiftorians and records. The fifteenth is Sapphire, on a Chief in dented Topaz, three Mullets pierced Ruby ; born by the Right Hon. Charles Moore, Earl of Drogheda, &c. ofthe kingdom of Ireland. This noble family, which is of French extradtion, came into England foon 44 ELEMENTS foon after the conqueft, and made their firfi refidence in the manor of Moore-court, in the county of Kent. The fixteenth is Ermine, on a Chief in- dknted Azure, three ducal coronets Or ; bofn by the name of Lytton, The feventeenth is Azure, on a Chief Or, three Martlets Gules ; born by the name of Wray, The eighteenth is Ermine, on a Chief Gules, five Lozenges of the firfi ; born by the name of Dixin. The nineteenth is Pearl, fretty Ruby, on a Chief of the fecond, three Leopard's Faces Topaz; born by the Right Hon. Henry Liddel, Lord Ravens worth. This noble Lord is defcended from the an cient Lords of Liddel-caftle, in the county of Durham, where they have been proprie tors of great coal-mines timS out of mind. The twentieth is Ermine, a Chief party per pale Sapphire and Topaz ; on the firfi the Sun in its fplendor, on the fecond a Crofs pat- tee Ruby. The Arms of the Bifhopric of Rafhoe, in the kingdom oi Ireland. Allego- OF HERALDRY. 45 Allegorical Signification. The Chief fignifies Dominion and Au thority. SECT. IL Of the Pale. np H E Pale is an ordinary confifting of two perpendicular lines drawn from the top to the bafe of the Efcutcheon, and contains the third middle part of the Field. Its Diminutives are the Pallet * which is * The French do not admit this Diminutive, altho' they have amongfl: them a Figure like it, as in the Arms of Harlay de Beaumont, to which they give the name of Pal, i. e. Pale, faying D' Argent, deux Pals de Sable; and thus '\n ths hrms oi jlrr agon, they blazon it quatre Pals, i. e, four Pales, &c. The Endorfe is likewife unknown to the French, but as it comes pretty near to what they call Vergette, the third part of a Pale, in exprefling a Pale either accompanied or charged with this Englifli bearing they give it the name of Vergette ; as for example, the De Noyers's Arms are thus blazoned : d' Azure, un Pal muraille de trois pieces d'Or, charge d'une Vergette de Sable ; which, for the fa-« tisfadion ofthe reader, I have inferted in the coUedion of Pales ; See Example 20. the 46 ELEMENTS the half of the Pale, and the Endorfe \7hich is the fourth part of a Pale. This Ordina ry and the Pallet may receive any charge, but the Endorfe is never to be charged with any thing, either quick or dead. The En dorfe, befides, is never ufed, according to J. Leigh, biit to' accompany the Pale in pairs, as Cotices do the Bend ; but Sit foM Feme is not of this opinion. EXAMPLES. Of Pales, &c. born in Coats-of-arms. 'T^ H E firfi is Gules, a Pale Or ; by the name of Grandmain. , The fecond is Party per Pale Argent and Gules, a Pale counterchanged. The third is Argent, a- Pale between two F.ndorfes Gules. The fourth is Party per .Pale, paly of fix Argent and Sable, the other part Azure; born by the name of Trenchard. The fifth is Paly affix Or and Azure. The fixth is Argent, three Pallets undy Sable; by the name of Downes. The JD.^O PzA tetmb w.of Pales, kc OF HERALDRY. 47 The feventh is Party per Pale Pearl and Ruby ; born by the Right Hon. John Wal degrave, Earl Waldegrave, &c. This noble Earl is defcended from John de Wal degrave, who was Sheriff of London in the year 1205, in the feventh year of King John. The eighth is Party per Pale indented Topaz and Ruby ; born by the Right Hon. Thomas Bermingham, Baron of At henry, in the kingdom of Ireland. Of this antient and noble family, which are of Englifh ex tradtion, and took their name from the town of Bermingham in the county of Warwick, was William de Bermingham, who was pof feffed of the town of that name in the reign of Henry II. which continued in that family till the reign of Henry VIII. The ninth is ^arterly per Pale dovetail. Ruby and Topaz ; born by the Right Hon. Thomas Bromley, Lord Montfort, &c. This noble Lord is maternally defcended from Sir Walter Bromleghe, of Bromleghe, in the county of Stafford, who flourifhed in the reign of King John. Sir Thomas Brom ley, 48 ELEMENTS ley, another of his Lordfhip's anceftors, was conftituted Lord High- chancellor of England, 21 Elizabeth, in which poft he died, 29 Elizabeth. The tenth is Argent, a Palefiory counter- fiory Sable. The eleventh is Argent, a Pale lozenge Sable ; born by the name of Savage. The twelfth is Argent, a Pale dancette Vert ; born by the name of Dixon. The thirteenth is Argent, on a Pale en grailed Sable, three Crefcents Or ; born by the name of Ashley. The fourteenth is Ermine, on a Pale en grailed Azure, three Lion ^- heads couped Or; born by the name of Avery. The fifteenth is Emerald, on a Pale ra diant Topaz, a Lion ratnpant Diamond; born by the Right Hon. James O'Hara, Lord Tyrawley, &c. in the kingdom of ' Ireland. This noble Lord is defcended from Milefius King of Spain, by his eldeft fon Hiberius, who, with his brother Heremon, eftabliflied a colony in Ireland. Sir Charles O'Hara, father to the prefent Lord, was created OF HERALDRY. 49 created Baron of Tyrawley by Queen Anne, Jan. 10, 1806, being, at that time, a Lieu tenant-general, and Colonel of the royal regiment of Fufileers : and the next year was made General in Spain, where this Son, Lord James, was wounded at the battle of Almanza. The fixteenth is Azure, a Pallet Argent. The feventeenth is Vert, an Endorfe Or. The eighteenth is Argent, on two Pallets Sable, fix Croffes crofiets fitchy Or ; born by the name of Betune. The nineteenth is Argent, two Endorfes Gules, in Chief three Mullets Sable ; born by the name of Vautort. The twentieth is Azure, on a Pale walled with three pieces on each fide Or, an Endorfe Sable; born by the name of Sublet de Noyer s, a family of diftindtion in France, Allegorical Signification. The Pale denotes Strength, Firmnefs, and Conftancy, E SECT. 50 ELEJVIENTS SECT. IIL Of the Bend and Bend-sinisteR. ' I ^ H E Bend is an Ordinary formed by two diagonal lines, drawn from the Dexter-chief to the Sinifter-bafe, and con tains the fifth part of the field in breadth, if uncharged; but if charged, then the third. Its- Diminutives are the Garter, which is the half of a Bend. The Cofi or Cotice, which is the fourth part of a Bend. The Riband, the moiety of a Coft, and the Bendlet, which is limited to the fixth part of the Field. There is alfo the Bend-finifier, which is of the fame breadth as the Bend, but drawn quite contrary fides : this is fubdivided into a Scrape, which is the half of the Bend; and into a Baton *, which is the fourth part of the Bend, but does not extend itfelf quite thwatt the Field, there being fomething wanted at both ends. See the following Examples. * The Baton is feldom ufed in Heraldry, being ac counted a 3adge of Illegitimacy, EXAM- P-51. PL .A TE TMB 'VM. OJ' Biswas, kc. 3 5 8 9 i- lo Ji 12 ^ M Ij 10 17 i8 19 ^ OF HERALDRY. 51 EXAMPLES O/' Bends, Gfc. born in Coats-of-arMs. ' I ""HE firft is Pearl, a Bend undy Diamond; born by the Right Hon.- 7'oi'« Wallop, Earl of Portsmouth, Sec. This noble Earl is defcended from the Wallops of Hampfliire^ a Saxon family, which were poffeffed of lands, to a confiderable value in that county, at the time of the conqueft. . The fecond is Cheeky Topaz and Sapphire, a Bend Ermine; born bythe Right Hon. John Ward, Vifcount Dudley and Ward, &c. The anceftors of this noble Lord were antiently ofthe county of Norfolk, of which was Simon Ward, who had large poffeffions in the reign oi Edwardl. and was in France and Scotland in the reigns of King Edward II. and IIL The third is Sapphire, a Bend engrailed Pearl, between two Cotlces Topaz ; born by the Right Hon. Matthew Fortefcue, Lord Fortescue, as alfo by the Right Hon. Hugh Fortefcue- Aland, Baron Fortescue, E 2 in 52 E L fi M £: N T g in the kingdom of Ireland, this laft noble-* man bearing a Crefcent in his Arms for diffe- rence^ The family of Fortefcue is defcend ed from Sir Richard le Forte, a perfon of extraordinary ftrength and courage, who accompanied William Duke of Normandy in his conqueft of England, and bearing a ftrong fliield before the Duke^ at the bat-^ tie of Haftings, had three horfes killed un der, him, and from that fignal event the name and motto ofthe family were affumed j for the Latin word Scutum, or the old French word Efcue ifijhield) being added to to Forte ffirongj compofe their name, and the motto is Forte fcutum falus Ducum. The fourth is Sable, a Bend Argent be tween twdCofices endented Or ; born by the name of French. The fifth is Paly tf fix Topaz and Dia mond, a Bend counter-changed ; born by the Right Hon. Frederick Calvert, Baron Bal- 'r I more. The original of this family is from an antient and noble houfe of that fur name in the Earldom oi Flanders, whereof Sir George Calvert, Knig;ht, among other honourable of H E R A L D R Y. sj honourabLe employments, was Secretary of State to King James I. by whom he was created a Baron, Feb. 2o, 1624, and from whom he had a grant to him, and his heirs, of the province of Maryland and Avalon in America. The fixth is Party per Bend crenelle Ruby and Pearl; born by the Right Hon. EdmundBoyle, Earlof Cork and Orrery, &c. in the kingdom of Ireland. This no ble Lord is faid to be defcended from Sir Philip Boyle, a Knight of Arragon, who, in the reign of King Henry VI. tilted at a tournament with Sir Jofeph Aftley, Knight of the Garter, The machine called the Orrery was invented by the late Earl Charles, grandfather to the prefent Lord, which will perpetuate his memory to the lateft pofterity. The feventh is Pearl, three Bendlets en- hanfed Ruby ; born by the Right Hon. Wil liam Byron, Lord Byron. From Doomf- day-Book it appears, that this family were poffeffed of numerous manors and lands in the reign of the Conqueror; and that Sir John Byron, one of his Lordfhip's anceftors, E 3 attended 54 ELEMENTS attended King Edward III. in his wars in France. The eighth is Ermine, a Bend voided Gules ; born by the name of Ireton. The ninth is Argent, three Bendlets undy Azure ; born by the name of Wilbraham. The tenth is Bendy of fix pieces Argent and Azure. Obferve that when the Shield is filled with fix Behdlets of metal and colour, it is called Bendy ; but if the number of them is either more or lefs than fix, they are to be blazoned by the name of Bendlets, and their number fpecified. , The eleventh is Party per Bend Azure and Argent, two Bendlets engrailed counter^ changed; by the name of Frenes. The twelfth is ^arterly. Topaz and Ruby, a Bend over-all Vair; born by his Grace Lionel Cranfield Sackville, Duke of Dorset and Earl of Middlesex, &c. The anceftors of this family were Lords of the town and feigniory of Sackville in Nor mandy, and came over with the Conqueror, when he invaded England, in 1066. The OF HERALDRY. 55 The thirteenth is Ruby, on a Bend Pearl three Trefoils fiiped proper ; born by the Right Hon. George William Hervey, Earl of Bris tol, &c. This noble Lord derives his pe digree from Robert Fitz-Hervey, a younger fon of Hervey Duke of Orleans, who came over from France with William the Con queror. The fourteenth is Pearl, on a Bend Ruby coticed Diamond, three pair of Wings con joined ofthe firfi ; born by the Right Hon. Richard Wingfield, Vifcount Powers- court, in the kingdom oi Ireland. This noble Lord is denominated from the manor of Wingfield in Suffolk, where they had a feat before the Norman conqueft, called Wingfield-caftle. The fifteenth isRuby, on aBendEr mine coticed Or, three Boars Heads couped Argent ; born by the Right Hon. George Edgcumbe, Lord Edgcumbe, &c. The anceftors of this noble Lord received their name from the manor of Edgcumbe in Devonfhire. One of this Lord's anceftors was Sir Richard Edgcum.be, who came over to England with E 4 the 56 ELEMENTS the Earl of Richmond, having a great fhare in the vidlory he obtained over king Richard III. at Bofworth, by which the Earl made his way to the throne of England. The fixteenth is Argent, aBend-finifierGules. The feventeenth is Or, a Garter Gules. The eighteenth is Argent, a Riband Gules. The ninteepth is Azure, a Scrape Or. The twentieth is three Bdtons, the firjl counter-compony Ermine and Sapphire, fet over the royal arms, for his Grace Wiili<^in Fitzroy, Duke of Cleveland. The fecond is, compony Pearl arid Sapphire, fet over the royal Arms, forhis Gtzce Augufius- Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton. The third is Ruby, charged with three Rofes Pearl, feeded and barbed proper, fet over the royal Arms, for his Grace George Beauclerk, Duke of St. Albans. The Grand-fathers of thefe noble Dukes being natural fons of King Charles IL is what entitles them to the royal Arms. Allegorical Signification. Bends are the fymbols of Defence an4 Protedtion. SECT. OF H E R A L DRY. sj SECT. IV, Of the Fess and Bar, 'TpHE Ffs is an ordinary which always oc-= cupies the center of the Shield, and contains in breadth the third part of the field from the Dexter to the Sinifter-fide. It has no Diminutive, for the Bar is a diftindb Prdinary of itfelf. The Bar is formed of two lines, and con tains but the fifth part of the field, which is not the only thing wherein it differs from the Fe/s, for there may be more than one in an Efcutcheon, placed in different parts thereof, whereas the Fefs is limited to the Center-point. The Bar has two Diminu tives, the Clofet, which contains the half of the Bar, and the Barrulet, which is the half ofthe Clofet. When the Shield contains a a number of Bars of metal and colour alterT nate, exceeding five, that is called Barry oi fo many pieces, expreffing their number. §ee the following Examples. EXAM- 58 ELEMENTS EXAMPLES. (ypESSEs and Bars born in Coats-of- arms. 'TT H E firft is Pearl, a Fefs dancette Di amond; born by the Right Hon, Jobn Weft, Earl Delawarr, &c. This noble family is defcended from the Wefis, a great family in the Weft of England ; but in the reign of Edward II. they appear to have been feized of manors and lands in the county of Warwick. Thomas, Lord Delawarr, one of his Lordfhip's anceftors, was Captain- general of Virginia in 1 609 ; and going over thither, contributed more to planting and fupporting the firft Englifh colonies there, than any of the adventurers in the reign of King James I, The fecond is Pearl, a Fefs wreathy ^Sap phire and Ruby ; born by the Right Hon, John Carmichael, Earl of Hyndford, Of this ancient family, which is faid to affume their furname from the lands of Carmichael, in the county of Lanerk, in Scotland, where they PLA te the YM. or Fes ses kBARS. S 6 8 '.I I.i * u IO XL 12 M 15 i6 yi""""""""" millllllMt;, i8 19 20 OF HERALDRY. 59 they ftill have their chief feat, was Sir John Carmichael, who accompanied Archibald, Earl of Douglas, to the afiiftance of Charles VL of France, againft the Englifio, and fig- nalizing his valour at the battle of Baughey, in April 1 42 1 , and breaking his fpear, when the French and Scots got the vidtory, had thereupon added to his paternal coat, a dex ter arm holding a broken fpear, which is now the creft of the family. The third is Party per Fefs Or and Ar gent, a Fefs nebule Gules ; born by the name of Anteshed, The fourth is Party per Fefs indented Or and Azure ; born by the name of Saun ders. The fifth is Cheeky Topaz and Sapphire, on a Fefs Ruby a Crefcent for difference; born by the Right Hon, Hugh Clifford, Lord Clifford, ofChudley. This noble Lord is defcended from Walter de Clifford, of Chfford-caftle, in the county of Here ford, who came over into England with the Conqueror ; of which family was fair Rofa- rnond, miftrefs to King Henry II. The 6o ELEMENTS The fixth is Pearl, on a Fefs Azure threes, Lozenges Topaz ; born by the Right Hon, iS^/ Fielding, Earl of Denbigh and Dest MOND, &c. This noble Earl is defcended from the Earls of Hapfburg, in Germany, Geoffrey, Earl of Hapfburg, being oppreffed by Rodolph, Emperor of Germany, came over into England, and one ofhis fons ferve^ King Henry III. in his wars, whofe ancefr tors laying claim to the territories of Lauf-i., fenburg, ' and Rhin-Filding, in Germany^ he took the name of Fielding. The feventh is Or, on a Fefs Gules, three Fleur-de-lis of the firfi ; born by the name of Lennard, This is the firft and fourth, quarters of the Plight Hon. Thomas Barret-! Lennard, Lord D acre's arms. The eighth is Ermine, on a Fefs Ruby, a Lion paffant Topaz ; born by the Right Hon, John Proby, Baron Carysfort, &c. in the kingdom of Ireland. The ninth is Diamond, a Fefs Ermine^ between three Crefcents Topaz ; born by the Right Hon. George-William Coventry, Earl of Coventry, &c,, This noble Earl is defcended OF HERALDRY. 6t defcended from John Coventry, a native of the city of Coventry, and afterwards Mercer and Lord-mayor of London, in the reign of Henry V. from whom defcended Thomas Coventry, one oi the Juftices of the court of Common-Pleas> in the reign of Queen JE//-* tzabeth, whofe fon Thomas was Recorder of London, and afterwards Lord-keeper of the great feal in the reign of King Charles I. The tenth is Diamond, a Fefs cheeky. Topaz and Sapphire, between three Befants ; born by the Right Hon. Ridgeway Pitt, Earl and Baron of Londonderry, &ca Of this noble family, which were anciently of Kandfort, in the county of Dorfet, was Thomas Pitt, Efq; who, in the reign of Queen Anne, was made Governor of fort St. George, in the Eaft Indies,, where he refi% ded many years, and purchafed a Diamond^ whieh he fold to the King of France for 135,0001. fterling, weighing 1 27,000 carats, and commonly known at this day by the name of Pitt's Diamond. The eleventh is Topaz, on a Fefs Diamond, between three Mufcovy Ducks proper, a Rofe of 62 ELEMENTS of t hie Field; born by the Right Hon, Joh'n Bateman, Vifcount Bateman, &c. Of this noble family, which was anciently feat-^ ed at Haleftjrook, near St. Omers in Flan ders, was Giles Bateman, Efq; whofe fon was a merchant of London^ and was father to Sir James Bateman, Knight, who, in 171 2, was chofen member of Parliament for Ikhefter, in the county oiSomerfit, and re-chofen in 171 3. The twelfth is Diamond, on a Fefs Pearl, between three Leopards paffant gardant Topaz, three Efcalops Ruby; born by the Right Hon, Wills Hill, Earl of Hills borough, &c. Of this family, which, in the reign of -Queen Elizabeth, were of note in the county of Downe, was Sir Mojes Hill, who, during O'Neile's rebellion, was one of thofe gentlemen who affociated under the Earl oi Effex, to fupprefs it, andafter- .wards ferved undei' Arthur, Lord Chichefter, Lord Deputy, and by King James I. was appointed Provoft-marfhal of the whole province of Ulfier, in Ireland. The ©F HER ALDR Y. 63 The thirteenth is Ruby, two Bars Topaz i born by the Right Hon. Simon Harcourt, Earl of Harcourt, &c. This noble Earl is defcended from the Harcourts of Nor mandy, who took their name from a place called Harcourt, in that province, where the famUy ufually refided. Gervaife, Count de Harcourt, with his two fons Jeffrey and Arnold, came over with the Conqueror, when he invaded England^ in 1066. The fourteenth is Ermine, two Bars Ruby; born by the Right Hon. Thomas Nugent, Earlof Westmeath, and Baron Delvin. The fifteenth is Pearl, two Bars dancette Diamond; born by the Right Hon. Gpdart Ginkle, Earl of Athlone. Godart, who was the firft Earl, was defcended of a very ancient family in the united provinces of Holland, where he was Baron de Reede and Ginkle, &c. In 169 1 he was a Lieutenant- general of King William's forces in Ireland, where in June the fame year he took Bally- more for the Englifh ; and in July following the Irifh town of Athlone^ which laft ex ploit 64 ELEMENTS ploit is one of the greateft recorded in Hif* tory. The fixteenth 'is Pearl, three Bars gemels Ruby; born by the Right Hon. Richard Barry, Earl of Barr ymore, &c.. This noble family, who have been renowned for their loyalty and valour^ are faid to derive their furname from the iiiindoi Barry, ihthe county of Glamorgan, in Wales, and from their riches and eftates have been called by the people Barrymore, or the Great Barry. The feventeenth is Topaz, a Fefs humitty Rubyi between two Lions paffant Diamond; born by the Right Hon. Samuel Mafhdm, Lord Ma sham, &c. This noble Lord is defcended from Sir John Mafham, who flourifhed in the reign of King Jfe;^r)/ VI, and was buried at Thorneham, in the county of Suffolk, in 1455. The eighteenth is Pearl, a Lion rampant gardant Ruby, debruifid by a Fefs Sapphire, between three Etoiles, iffuing cut of as many Crefcents of the fecond; born by the Right Hon. Robert Dillon, Earl of Roscom mon, OF HERALDRY. 65 won, &c. in the Jiingdom of Ireland. This noble family is derived from Logan, fur- named Diliine or.Delion, which fignifies brave, and valiant, to whom the Duke of Aquitaine gave his daughter in marriage, in wliofe right, after her father's death, he be came Prince and Sovereign qf Aquitaine, which continued in his pofterity til! King Henry II. married Alionora, daughter and heir to William fV. Duke of Aquitaine, and about 1172 obtained that principality by _ fuperior force ; and, to prevent any diflurbance, brought Sir Henry Delion or Dillon, and his brother Thomas, then infants, to England, their father /being flain. The nineteenth is Topaz, two Bars Sap phire, a Chief quarterly of the fecond and Ruby, the ifi and ^th charged each with two Fleurr-de-lis of France ; the zd and ^d with a Lion of England; born by his Grace John Manners, Duke of Rutland, Marquis of Granby, &c. This Chief was antiently Gules, and the charge thereon is an honora ry augmentation, fliewing his Grace's de- F fcent 66 ELEMENTS fbent, from the blood royal of King £(/« ward IV. The twentieth is Barry often pieces Pearl and Sapphire, over -all fix Efcutcheons; 3, 2, I, ^Diamond, each charged with a Lion rampant of the firfi, a Crefcent for difference, born by the Right Hon. jc^nes Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, &c. This noble Earl is defeendedj from William Cecil, a perfon of great learning and Angular judgment, who becanie the greateft ftatefman of the age in which he lived. In the ^th Edward VL he was made' principal Secretary of States and ofthe Privy-council, in whieh office hewas continued hy Queen Elizabeth, and likewife made Mafter of the Wards, Baron of Bur^ leigh. Lord High-treafurerj and Knight of the Garter. This Lord, whofe wifdohi, piety, integrity, induftry, and juftice, had no ftipeiior, died in 1598. He lef^" two fons Thomas and Robert, who were both made Earls rn one day. May 4, 1603. But Rdbert the younger fon, anceftor of the pre fent noble Lord, was created Earl of SaliJ- bury OF HERALDRY. ^j bury in the morning, and Thomas, the eldeft. Earl of Exeter in the afternoon. Allegorical Signification. The Fefs er Bar was a mark of Royalty and Moderation. SECT. V. Of the Chevron. 'l ''HE Chevron, which repi"efents two rafters of a houfe well jointed together,' or a pair of corhpaffes half open, takes up the fifth part of the Field. Its Diminutives are the Chevronel, which contains the half of a Chevron, znd. 2l Couple-clofe, which is thehalf of a Chevronel, that is, its breadth is but the fourth part of a Chevron. The French have but one Diminution of this Ordinary called Etaye, containing the third part of its breadth. F 2 EXAMPLES. 68 ELEMENTS EXAMPLE S. (^Chevrons, &c. bornih Coats-of-armg. ' I ""HE firft is Pearl, a Chevron- tiuhy between three Tourteaux ; born by the Right Hon. Bennet Sherrard, Earlof Har borough, &c. This noble Earl is lineally defcended from Schirard, who was poffeffed of manors and lands to a great Value in the counties of Chefhii^e arid Lancafhire in the reign oi William the Conqtierqr. Geoffrey, another of this Earl's anceftors, ' was three times Sheriff of Rutlandfhire, in the reighsi 9f King Edward IV. arid King- Richard III. J The fecond is Diamond a Chevron be" tween.thr.ee Etoiles P£arl; .hoxxihy the Right Hon. MarmadukeLM.i.ngd^e,- Lord Lang- dale. This noble Lord, is.dpfcended from the Larigdalesiof Yorkfhire, who refided at the town of Langdale,: from whence, they took their name, iri the reign of King John ; but his anceftor, who makes the greateft figure in hiftory, is Sir Marmaduke Lang- dale, who raifed forces in the North of England, in defence of King Charles I. was vidtorious p. ss. I^ZA TE tmeIX. of CHE VROWS,kz. lO u 12 13 14 ^ t6 17 18 19 20 rJ of HERALDRY. 6() vidtorious in numberlefs battles and fieges and when his Majefty, by the united for: ;s of England and Scotland, was at length overpowered, he attended King Charles II. in his exile, and returned to England with his Majefty at the Reftoration. The third is Diamond, a. Chevron between two Leopards Heads Topaz; born by the Right Hon. William Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, &c. All Genealogifts agree, that the name of Wentworth is of Saxon original, and taken from the manor of Went worth in Yorkfhire, where, in the reign of William the Conqueror, lived Reginald de Wenteworde, as it is fpelt in Doomfday- Book. The fourth is Pearl, a Chevron between three Gryphons paffant fegreant Diamond, a Crefantfor difference ; born by the Right Hon. Heneage Finch, Earl of Ailes- ford, &c. This family is defcended from Herbert Fitz-Herbert, Earl, of Pembroke, and Chamberlain to King Henry I. They took the name of Finch in the reign of King Edward I. One of the anceftors of the F 3 prefent JO ELEMENTS prefent Earl was the Right Hon. Heneage Finch, Earlof Nottingham, who wascon- iftituted Lord High-Chancellor of England in JI675 ; and Lord High-Steward on die tria's oi Philip E&rl of Pembroke, and/F/A ii Sir Nicholas Taaffe. was one of the firft menibers ; and John, his fon and heir, was created a Baron and Vifcount by Charles I. Auguft I., 1628. The fourth is Sable, a Crofs raguly Or ; born by the name of Stoway. The fifth is Pearl, on a Crofs Diamond a. Leopard's Head Topaz. ; born, by his Grace Henry Brydges, Duke of Chandos, &c. The anceftors of this noble family took their name from the city oi Bruges, in Flanders; and one of them came over with William the! Conqueror, and had a confiderable fhare in the vidtory obtained near Haftings, in Suffex, 1066. James, the father of the prefent , Duke OP HERALDRY. 8i Duke, was created Vifcount Wilton, and Earl of Carnarvon, Odtober 19, 17 14, and Mar quis of Carnarvon and Duke of Chandos, 30, 1719, The fixth is Topaz, on a Crofs Diamond, a Patriarchal Crofs of the Field; born by the Right Hon. Thomas Vefey, Baron of Knapton, in the kingdom of Ireland. The truly noble, family of Vefcey br Vefey, derives its origin from Charles the Great, King of France, and Emperor of the Weft, who died at Aix-la-Chapelle, in Germany, Jan. 28, 814, His Lordfhip's father was created a Peer April 10, 1750, The feventh is Pearl, on a Crofs of St. George Ruby, five Efcalops Topaz ; born by the Right Hon, William Villiers, Earl of .Jersey, &c. This noble Earl is defcend ed from the family of Villiers, in Norman dy, fome of whom came over to England with the Conqueror; feveral manors and lands in England being foon after granted to Pagan de Villiers, one of this Earl's ancef tors. The firft Peer of this family was G created 82 ELEMENTS created a Baron and Vifcount, March 20, 1690, the 3d of William and Mary. The eighth is Diamond, on a Crofs within a bordure engrailed Topaz, five Pellets ; born by the Right Hon, Francis Grevile, Earl of Brooke and Warwick, &c. The an ceftors of this noble family are of Norman extradtion, and came over with William the Conqueror, who conferred manors and land on them in England, of a confiderable value; and at length they obtained the government of the caftle of Warwick, the prefent feat of the family. Sir Fulke, the firft, Peer of this family, was created Baron Brooke by King James I. January 9, 16.20. The ninth is Argent, a Crofs botonny Sable ; born by the name of WiNwood. The tenth is Or, a Crofs cvofiet G-ules ; ¦ born by the name of Taddinqton, The eleventh is Azure, a\ Crofs potent fithy Or. This Enfign is faid to have been borri by Etheldred, King ofthe Wefi-Saxons ; and Croffes of this fort are frequently met with in Coats-of-arms. The OF HERALDRY. 83 The twelfth is Party per pale, Ruby and Pearl; a Crofs potent and quadrate in the ¦center, between four Crofes pattee counter- changed. The Arms of the Epifcopal See of Litchfield aad Coventry, The thirteenth is Sapphire, a Crofs mo line Pearl; born by his Grace William- Henry Bentick, Duke of Portland, &c. This noble Duke is defcended from a very ancient and diftinguifhed family in the U- nited-Provinces of HoUaftd,^ of which Was William Bentick, Efq; who in his youth was Page of honour to William Prince of Orange, afterwards William III. King of Great- Britain, who on the acceffion of Wil liam and his Confort, was made Groom of the Stole, Privy-purfe to his Royal Majefty, Lieutenant-General of his Majefty's army, &c. and alfo created Baron of Cirencefter, Vifcount Woodftock, and Earl of Portland, April 19, 1689. The fourteenth is Argent, a Crofs patonce Sable; born by the name of Col vill. The fifteenth is Sable, a Crofs pattee Ar gent ; born by thename of Maplesden. G 2 The ^4 ELEMENTS The fixteenth is Azure, a Crofs fiowerf Or ; born by the name of Cheney, The feventeenth is Pearl, fix Crofies crofiets fitchy 3^ 2, i. Diamond, on a Chief Sapphire two Mullets pierced Topaz; born by the Right Hon. Henry Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, &c. This noble family is de-^ fcended from Jeffrey de Clinton, Lord Chamberlain and Treafurer to King Henry I, grand-fon to William de Tankerville, Cham berlain of Normandy ; from whom defcend ed William de Clinton, Chief Juftice of Chefter, Governor of Dover-caftle, Lord Warden of the King's forefts South of Trent, Edward, Lord Clinton, another of this noble Earl's anceftors, was conftituted Lord High-Admiral of England for life, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, who created him Earl of Lincoln, May 4, 1572, The eighteenth is Ruby, a Chevron be tween ten Croffes pattee, fix above and four belo'W Pearl; born by the Right Hon, Frederick- All gnfius^erk.^ey. Earl of Be R K E- ley, &c. This noble family is defcended from Robert Fitz-Harding, who obtained a grant OF H E R AL D R Y. 85 grant of Berkeley-caftle in Gloucefterfhire, which the family ftiU inherits, and from whence they obtained the furname of Berkeley, from Henry Duke of Normandy, afterwards King of England, the faid Robert Fitz-Harding being defcended from the royal line of the Kings of Denmark, The nineteenth is Sapphi'e, three Mullets Topaz, accompanied withfi'jen Croffes crofiets fitchy Pearl, three in Chif, one in Fefs, two in Flanks, and the lafi ii Bafe ; born by the Right Hon, James Soriervflle, Lord Somer ville, The firft a this name on record is Sir Walter de Somerville, Lord of Wichnore, in the county of Stafford, who came to England with WHiam the Conqueror, A- bout the begiriiing of the reign of King William, in 1.^70, the Somervilles were poffeffed Jf a fair eftate in the county of Lanerk ^nd elfe where, Thf twentieth is Ruby, three-Croffes recer- celee. voided Topaz, a Chief vairy, ermine errinois; born by the Right Hon. John- pyto Verney, Baron Willoughby de ;5roke. This noble Lord is defcended from G 3 William 86 ELEMENTS William de Ver-nai, who flburiflied in the reign of King- Henry I, 141 9, Allegorical Signification. The Crof^ is the Symbol of Chriftiai^ity, S E C T. VII. OJ the Saltier, 'T^HB Saltier,' -svhich is formed by the Bend and- Bek^d-finifter croffing each Other in acute ang^s, contains the fifth part of the field, but if charged then t)ie ^ipd. In Seotland tKs -ordinary is fre-- quently called a St. Andh^'s crofs. It may, like the others, be born en^^railed, wavy, &c. as alfo between Charges or ^arged with any thing, See the following £<^amples. EXAMPLES. O/Saltiers born in Coats-of^rms, T^HE firft is Pearl, a Saltier Ruby\hotn by the moft Noble James Fitz-G^ld, is of Kildare, &;c. ' This noNle' Lord is defcended from Otho, or Other, \ rich and powerful Lord in the time of King Alfred, X p.se. OF HERALDRY, ^7 Alfred, defcended from the Dukes of Tuf- cany ; who paffing from Florence into Nor mandy, and thence into England, there the family flourifhed, until Richard Strong- bow, Earl of Pembroke, their kingfman, engaged them to partake in his expedition to Ireland, in which Maurice Fitz-Gerald embarked, and was one of the principal conquerors of that kingdom, for which he was rewarded with a great eftate in lands in the province of Linfter, and particularly the Barony of Offaley, and the caftle of Wick low ; and died, covered with honours, in the year 1 1 yy, 24 Henry II, The fecond is Ruby, a Saltier Pearl, be tween twelve Crofies crofiets Topaz ; born by the Right Hon. Other-Lewisy<[indior Hick man, Earl of Plymouth, &c. This noble Earl is defcended from Robert Fitz-Hick- man. Lord of the manor of Bloxham, Ox-f fordfhire, in the 56 Hen, III. 1272; and he is maternally defcended from the noble family of the Windfors, who were Barons of the realm at the time of the conqueft, G4 The 88 ELEMENTS The third is Emerald, a Saltier engrailed Pearl; born by the Right Hon, Francis Hawley, Baron Hawley, of Donaniore in Ireland, Sir Francis Hawley of Buek- land. Knight, was March 14, 1643, created a Baronet ; and July 8, 1 646, a Baron as above, by Charles I, The fourth is Ermine, a Saltier counter- compony Or and Gules ; born by the name of Ulmston, The fifth is Pearl, a Saltier Sapphire with a Befant in the center ; born by the Right Hon, Philip Yorke, E2x\oi Hardwicke, &cc. He was in Odtober 1733 conftituted Lord- Chief- Juftice of the King's Bench, and November 23, in the fame year, created Baron Hardwicke of Hardwicke. The fixth is Argent, on a Saltier Gules, an Efcallop Or ; the Arms of the Bifhoprick of Rochester. The feventh is Party per Saltier Sapphire and Pearl, on a Saltier Ruby a Crefcent for difference; quartered by the Right Hon. William-Hall Gage, Vifcount Gage, of Caftlei-Ifland in Ireland. This noble fami- I7 OF H E R A L D R Y. 89 ly is of Norman extradtion, and derives de fcent from de Gaga or Gage, who attended William I. in his expedition to England ; and, after the conqueft thereof, was rewarded with large grants of lands in the foreft of Dean, and county of Gloucefter, near which foreft he fixed his refidence, by building a feat at Clerenwell, in the fame place where the houfe of Gage now ftands : he alfo built a great houfe at the town of Cirencefter, at which place he died, and was buried in the abbey there. Sir Thomas Gage, the eighth ' Baronet, and father to the prefent Lord Gage, was created Baron of Caftle-Bar, and Vifcount Gage, 1721, The eighth is Ruby, on a Saltier Pearl, a Rofe of the firfi barbed and feeded proper ; born by the Right Hon, George Neville, Lord Abergavenny, premier Baron of England. The ninth is Topaz, on a Saltier Sapphire, nine Lozenges of the firfi ; quartered in the Coat-of-arms of the Right Hon, James Dalrymple, Earl of Stair, &c. Of this family, which took their furname from the Barony ^o ELEMENTS Baroriyof Dalrymple, lying oh the river Dun, in Airfliire, Scotland, was Adam de Dal- rymple^ who lived in the reign of Alex ander III, The ' tenth is Argent, on a Saltier en- graikd Sable, nine Annulets Or ; borri by the name of Leak. Tbe eleventh is Ruby, a Saltier between four Crf cents Topaz ; born as the 2d arid 3d quarters in the Coat-of-arms of the Right Hon, Charles Kinnaird, Lord Kin- ] E S I D E S the Honourable Ordinaries and the Diminutions I have made men tion of, there are other heraldick figures, called Subordinate Ordinaries, or Ordinaries only, which, by reafon of their ancient ufe in Armory, are of worthy bearing; viz. The Gyron Flafques Canton Voiders Fret Lozenge Pile Fufil Grle Mafcle and Inefcutcheon Trefiure. Planches The Gyron is a triangular figure formed by two lines, one drawn diagonally from one of the four angles to the center of the Shield, and the other is drawn either hori zontal or perpendicular, from one of the fides 96 ELEMENTS fides of the Shield, meeting the other line at the center of the field, as it appears by Fig. I. Gyronny is faid when the 2 Field is covered with fix, eight, ten, or twelve Gyrons in a Coat-of-arms : but a French author would have the true Gyronny to confift of eight pieces only, as in Fig. 2, whiph re prefents the Coat-of-arms of the Right Hon. John Campbell, Earl oi Loudon, &c. whofe anceftor was created Baron of Lou don in 16.04 ^y James VI. and Earl of the fame place May 12, 1633, the 9th of Charles I. The Canton is a fquare part 3 of the Efcutcheon, fomewhat lefs than one of the Quarters, but without any fixed propor tion. It reprefents the Ban ner of ancient Knights-Ban nerets, and, generally fpeaking, poffeffes the tlie Dexter point of the Shield, as in Fig. 3. Coats OF HERALDRY. 97 Coats reckons it as' one of the nine Honour able Ordinaries, contrary to moft Heralds Opinion. The Fret is a figure repre- 4 fenting two little fticks inter laced in Saltier, with a Maf cle in the center, as it appears by Fig. 4, J. Gibbon terms it the Heralds True Lover's Knot*; but many diffent from his opi nion. Fretty is faid when the Field 5 or -Bearings are covered with a Fret of fix, eight, or mOre pieces, as in Fig. 5. An eminent Herald fays, that Fretty may be ufed without addition, when it is of fix pieces only ; but if there be more than that number, they muft be fpecified. * Heraldorum nodus amatorius, or Heraldicus veri amor is nodus. See lntrodtt£}io ad latinam Blafoniam, page 28, H The 98 ELEMENTS The Pile, which confifts of two-fold lines, terminating in a point, is formed like a wedge, and is born engrailed, wavy, &c. See Fig. 6. It iffues in general from the Chief, and extends towards the Bafe, yet there are fome Piles born in Bend, and iffuing from other parts of the Field, as may be ieen in Plate iz of Ordinaries, Fig. i z, &c. The Orle is an Ordinary compofed of two-fc4d lines going round the Shield, the fame way as the Bordure, but its breadth is but one half of the latter, and at fome diftance from the brim of the Shield, as in Fig. 7. , The Inefcutcheon is a little Efcutcheon, born within the Shield; which, according to Guillim's opinion, is only to be fo called, when it is born fingle in the Fefs point or center ; fee Fig. 8. but modern Heralds, with more propriety, give the name of Inefcutr cheon OF HERALDRY. 9^ cheon to fuch as are contained in PI. iZ.Fig.z. and call that which, is fixed on the Fefs- point Efcutcheon of pretence, which is to contain the arms of a Wife t^at is an Heirefs, as mentioned in page 8. 9 The Flanches are formed by two curved lines, or femi- circles, being always bornr double. See Fig. g. The Flql^ues refemble the Flanches, except that the cir cular lines do not go fo near the center of the field, as may be feen by Fig. lo. J. Gib bon would have thefe two Or dinaries to be both one, and wrote Flank, alledging that the two other names are but a corruption of this laft; but as G. Leigh and J. Guillim make them two diftindt and fubordinate Ordinaries, I have inferted them here a§ fuch. H z The loo ELEMENTS The Voiders are by J. Gml-' lim confidered as a fubordinate Ordinary, and is not unlike the Flafques, as appears by Fig. II. The Lozenge is an Ordi nary of four equal and parallel fides, but not redtangular; two of its oppofite angles be ing acute, and the other two obtufe. Their fliape is the fame with thofe of our window glafles, be fore the fquare came fo much in fafhiori. See Fig. 12. The Fufil is longer thari 13 the Lozenge, having its upper and lower part more acute and fharp than the other two |^^.:v;;;p collateral middle parts, which acutenefs is occafioned by the ^=-^v fhort diftance of the fpace between the two collateral fides ; which fpace, if the Fufil is rightly made, is always fhorter than any of the OF HERALDRY. m tJie four geometrical lines whereof it is com pofed. See Fig. 13. The Mafcle is pretty much like a Lozenge, but perforated thro' its whole extent, ex cept a narrow border, as it ap pears by Fig. 14, Authors are divided about its Tefem- blance, fome taking it for the mafh of a net, and otjiers for the fpots of certain flints found about Rofes; and as no writer has given a clearer account in fupport of this laft opinion than Colombiere, author of La Science Heraldique, I will tranferibe it for the fatisfadtion of the curious. *' Rohan, fays he, bears Gules, nine Mafcle s ** Or 3, 3, 3. Opinions have varied very " much about the original of the Mafcles or " Mafipes, as being fomewhat like the mafhes " of nets ; but for my own part, having '' often obferved that thofe things which " are remakable and fingular in fome coun- ** tries, have fometimes occafioned the ** Lords thereof to reprefent them in their H 3 " Efcutcheons, I0.2 E L E M EN T S " Efcutclieons, and to take them for .their "Arms; I am of opinion> that the Lords *' of Rohan, .who I believe are the firft that " bore thefe figures in their Arms, tho' de- " fcended from the ancient Kings and " Princes of Bretagne", took them becaufe in *' the moft ancient Vifcounty of Rohan, af- *' terwards eredted into a Dutchy, there are " abundarice of fmall flints, which being " cut in two, this figure appears on the in- " fide of them; as alfo the Carps, which ** are in the fifti-ponds of that Dutchy, " have the fame mark upon their fcales j " which, being very extraordinary and pe- " culiar to that country, the ancient Lords " of the fame had good reafon, upon ob- *' ferving that wonder, to take thofe figures *' for their Arms, and to tranfmit them to " their pofterity, giving them the name of " Macles, from the Latin word Macula, " fignifying a fpot, whence fome of that ** houfe have taken for their Motto, Sine " Macula Macla, that is, a Mafcle without « a Spot," The OF HERALDRY. 103 The Trefiiire is an Ordinary commonly fuppofed to be the half of the breadth of an Orle, and is generally born fiory and counter-fiory, as it is alfo very often double, and fome times treble. See Fig. 15. If thefe Ordinaries have any Attributes, that is, if they are engrailed, indented, undy, &c. they muft be diftindtly fpecified, after the fame manner as the honourable Ordinaries ; and as I have already given, in the foregoing colledtion of Coats-of-arms,. various examples on this fubjedt, I pre- fume they, with thofe .contained in Plate the 1 2th, will be fufficient to render all the heraldick hieroglyphs intelligible to the moft ordinary capacity. H4 EXAMPLES. 104 ELEMENTS E X A M P L -E S. 0/" subordinate Ordinaries, &c, born in Arms. ' J "^ H E firft is Gules, an Orle Ermine.-; born by the name of Humfram- VILLE. The fecond is Argent, three Inefcutcheons Gules; born by the name of Hay, andthe izd and 3d Quarters in the Coat-of-arms of the Right Hon. Thomas Hscy, Earl of Kin- NOUL, &c. The third is Pearl, a Fret Diamond; born by the Right Hon, l,zW/ Talmafh, Earl of Dysert, &c. This family was advanced to the Peerage by King Charles \. 1646. The fourth is Topaz, fretty of ten Pieces Ruby, a Canton Ermine ; born by the Right Hon. Henry Noel, Earl of Gainsbo rough, &c. This nobleman is defcended from :~ Noel, who came into England with William the Conqueror, and in confi- deration of his fervices, obtained a grant of feveral JP.104. TE THEXa. OF OJlJiJJVAIlTE S, ks. OF HERALDRY. 105 feverd manors and lands of very great value. Sir Edward, who was knighted by King James on his acceffion to the throne, and created a Baronet June 29, 161 1, was the firft advanced to the honour of Baron Noel, March 23, 16 16. The fifth is Gironny of eight Pieces Topaz and Diamond ; the ift and 4th Quarters of the Coat-of-arms of the Right Hon. John Campbell, Earl of Breadalbane, ^c. This ancient and noble family is defcended, in a regular fuccefiion, from Duncan, the firft Lord Campbell, anceftor of the family of Argyll. John, the firft Earl, in confi- deration of his perfonal merit, was, from a Baronet, created Lord Campbell, Vifcount Glenerchie, and Earl of Breadalbane, Jan. 28, 1677, by Charles II. The fixth is Lozengy Pearl and Ruby; born by the Right Hon. George Fitz- Wil liam, Earl Fitz -William, &c. This noble Earl is defcended from Sir William Fitzr William, Marfhal of the army of William the Conqueror, at the battle of Haftings io6 ELEMENTS. Haftings in SuffeX, by which vidtory that Prince made his way to the throne. The feventh is Sable, a Mafcle within a double Treffure~flory Argent; born by the name of Hoblethorne. The eighth is Ruby, three Mullets Topaz, within a Bordure of the latter, charged with a double Treffure fiowery and counter-fiowery with Fleurs-de-lis of the firfi ; born by the Right Hon. William Sutherland, Earl of Sutherland, &c. According to the traditional account of fome Scotch writers, this family, in the Peerage, is older than any in North-Britain, if not in all Europe. The title of Earl being conferred on one of their anceftors, in 1057. The ninth is Azure, a Pile Ermine ; born by the name of Wyche. The tenth is Or^ a Pile engrailed Azure, three Crofies crofiets fitchy of the firfi ; born by the name of Rigdon. The eleventh is Topaz, on a Pile Ruby three Lions of England between fix Fleurs-de- lis Sapphire. The ift and 4th Quarters of his- OF HERALDRY. 107 hisGrdJceEdward Seymour, Duke of Somer set, &c. granted him by King. Henry VIII. on his marriage with the Lady Jane Seymour. The twelfth is Ermine, two Piles idling from the dexter and finifier fides, and meeting in Bafe Diamond ; for the name Holles, and the 2d and 3d Quarters of the Cbat-of-arms of his Grace Thomas Pelham Holles, Duke of Newcastle, &c. The thirteenth is Argent, three Piles^ one ifiuingout of the Chief between two others tranfpofed Sable; born by the name of HuLSE. The fourteenth is Azure, a Pile wavy iffuing out of the dexter corner bendways Or ; born by thename of Aldham. The fifteenth is Or, three Piles in Bend, each point enfigned with a Fleur-de-lis Sable ; born by the name of Norton. The fixteenth is Argent, three Piles meet ing near the point of the Bafe Azure ; born by the name of Bryan. The feventeenth is Party per Pale and per io8 ELEMENTS per Bend Or and Argent counter-changed; born by the name of Johnson. The eighteenth is Party per Pale and per Chevron Argent and Gules counter-changed) born by the name of * * *. The nineteenth is Party per pale chappi. Or and Vert counter- changed. This is a bearing feldom to be met with. The twentieth is Party per Fefs Gules and^ Argent a Pale counter-changed; born by the name of Lavider, CHAP. oif HE RALD RY. 109 CHAP. V. Of Common Charges born in Coats-of* arms. I Have already obferVed, that in all ages men have made ufe of the reprefentation of living creatures, and other fymbolical figns, to diftinguifh themfelves in war *, and that thefe marks, which were promif- cuoufly ufed for Hieroglyphicks, Emblems, arid perfonal Devices, gave the firft notion of Heraldry. But nothing fhews the oddnefs of human wit more, than the great variety . -From this prevailing opinion Sir William Dugdale, in his Ancient ufage in bearing of Arms, infers, that many errors have been, and are ftill committed, in granting Coats-of-arms to filch perfons as have hot advanced themfelves by the fword, being fuch' as rife by their Judgment, or Skill in Arts, Af fairs and Trades ; with good reafon affirming, that they fhould only be allowed Notes or Marks of Honour fit for their calling, and to fhew forth the manner of their rifing, and not be fet off with thofe reprefenta- tions, which in their nature are only proper for mar tial men. of lid ELEMENT S of thefe marks of diftindtion, fince they are compofed of all forts of Figures, fome natural, other artificial, and many chime rical, iri allufion, it is to be fuppofed, to the State, Quality, or Inclination of the bearer. Hence it is that the Sun, Moan, Stars, Comets, Meteors, &e. have been introduced to denote Glory, Grandeur, Power, &c» Lions, Leopards, Tygers, Serpents, Stags, &e. have been employed to fignify Courage, Strength, Prudence, Swiftnefs* &c. The application to certairi exercifes, fuch as War, Hunting, Mtifick, &c. has fnr- nifhed Lances, Swords, Pikes, Arms, Fidles,, &c. Architedture, Columns, Chevrons, dec. and the other Arts feveral things that relate to them. Human Bodies, or diftindt parts of them, Cloaths and Ornaments have, for fome part ticular intention, found place in Armory j Trees, Plants, Fruits, and Flowers, have alfo been admitted to denote the Rarities, Advantages, and Singularities of different countries. The OF HERALDRY. iii The relation of fome Creatures, Fi gures, &c." to particular names, has been likewife a very fruitful fource for variety of Arms ; thus the family of Coningsby bears three Coneys; of Arundel, fix Swallows ; of Corbet, a Raven ; of Urfon, a Bear ; of Camel, a Camel ; of Starkey, a Stork ; of Cafileman, a Caftle triple towered ; of Shut- tleworth, three Weaver's Shuttles, &c. Befides thefe natural and artificial Figures, there are chimerical or imaginary ones ufed in Heraldry, the refult of fancy arid caprice; fuch as Centaurs, Hydras, Phenixes, Griffons, Dragons, &c. which great variety of figures fhews the impoffibility of comprehending all common charges in a book of this nature, therefore I will content myfelf with treat ing of fuch as are moft frequently born in Coats-of-arms. Article 112 -ELEMENTS A R T I G L i. Of Natural Figures born in Coats- of-arms. A MONG the multitude of natural things which are ufed in Coats-of-arms, thofe moft ufually born are, for the fake of brevity as well as perfpicuity, diftributed into the following claffes, viz. Celeftial Figures; as the Sun, Mom, Stars, &c. * Effigies of 'Men, Women, 6cc. and their parts. Animals ; as Lions, Stags, Foxes, Boars, &c. Birds; as Eagles, Swans, Storks, Peli cans, bcc. Fifties ; as Dolphins, Whales, Sturgeons, Trouts, &c. Reptiles and Infedts ; as Tortoifes, Ser pents, Grafs-hoppers, &c. Vegetables; as Treesj Plants, Flowers, Herbs, &c. Stones ; p^l J^XiATE tjb:e Xm.OF CELESTIALS. OF H E R A L D R Y. 113 Stones ; as, Diamonds, Rubies, Pebles, Rocks, '&c. ' : Thefe, Charges h.ave> as well as Ordina ries, divers Attributes, or Epithets,, which; exprefs their Qualities, Pofi tions, and Dif- pofitions. Thus the Sun is faid to be in his glory, eclipfed, &c. The Moon in her com- , plement, increffant, &c. Animals are faid. to he .rampant, paffant, iscc. Birds have al fo their'denomiriatioris, fuch as clofe, dif play ed, &c. Fifhes' are' defcribed to be , haUriant; naiani, c &c. All which, with many others, will be foiind fully explained tinder their proper Heads, in the Didtionary annexed to this work; . . ; EX AMPLES O/" Celestial Figures born in Coats- • of- arms. np' H E firft is Azure, a Sun in his Glory ; borri. by the name of St. Clere; and is found in the ift and 4th Quarters of the Coat-of-arms of the Moft Noble I William- 114 ELEMENTS William Henry Ker, Marquis of LoThiAN, &c. It is needlefs to exprefs the colour of the Sun, nothing being capable to denote it but Gold. The fecond is Azure, one Ray ofthe Sun iffuing out of the dexter corner of the Efcut-^ cheon bendways Gules ; born by the name of Aldam. There is no mention made of the three lines on each fide the Ray, be caufe there are no fuch things in Nature ; but the luftre of the Sun being too ftrong for our eyes, caufes us to imagine and re prefent them about it. The third is Argent, five Raies ofthe Sun. iffuing out of the finifier. corner Gules ; born by the name of Mudtshideler, a family of diftindtion in Franconia. The fourth is Or, a Sun eclipfed. This bearing is feldom to be met with, except in emblematic or hierogliphic figures, and might be expreffed Sable, becaufe that hew is accidental and riot natural. The fifth is Gules, a Moon in her com plement Or, illufirated with all her light pro per., OF H :E.R a L D R Y. 115 per. This is' fufficient without naming the colour, which is Argent. The fixth is Azure, a' Moon decrejant proper; born by by the name of DelA- LUNA, The feventh is Gules,a Moon increffant Or ; bornby thenameof Descus.- ^ The eighth is Argent, a Moon in her de triment. Sable, This word is ufed in He raldry to denote her being eclipfed. The ninth is Azure, a Crefcent Argent > born by the name of Lucy. This bearing is alfo ufed a« a difference, it being afiigned to the fecond fon, as before mentioned, p- 32. The tenth is Ruby, three Crefcents Pearl; born by the Right Hon. David Oliphant, Lord Oliphant. Amongft the anceftors of this noble family was David de Oliphant, one of thefe Barons who, in 1142, accom panied Yiing David I. into England with an army, to affift his niece Matilda, againft King Steven; but, after raifing the fiege of Winchefter, the faid King David was fo clofely purfued, that had it not been for the fingular condudt of this brave perfon, I 2 the ii6 ELEMENTS the King had then reriaained a prifoner^ This is the eleventh Baron of this familyy having been created by King James IV. The eleventh, is Sapphire, a Crefcent be^ tween three Mullets Pearl; born by the Right Hon. John Arbuthnot, Vifcolint and Baton Arbuthnot. In the year 1J05, the firft of this family marrying a daughter of the family of Oliphard, Sheriff of the counly of Kincardin, with her he had the lands of Arbuthnot in that county, from .whence he took his furname. ¦, Robert KrhyiJdnnot was the fi'rft of this; family who, for his loyalty to King Charles I. was, Nov, .16, 1641, dignified, with the title of Baron and Vif count Arbuthnot, -. . ' ¦. ¦ The twelfth is. Gules, a Star iffuing from between the Homs of a Crefcent Argent; born by the name of * * *. The thirteenth is Azure, a Star of fixteen points Argent; born by the name of HuiTSON. The fourteenth is Argent, three Mullets pierced Sable ; born by the name of Wol laston. The OF HERALDRY. 117 The fifteenth is. Azure, fix Mullets 3, 2, I, Or ; born by the name of Welsh. The fixteenth is Ermine ^ a Mullet of fix- points Gules, pierced of the field; ^ born by the name of Hussenhul, The feventeenth is Argent, a Rain-bow with a Cloud at each end proper. This is the Creft to the Earl to Hop ton's Coat-of- arms, which is inferted in Plate ix- Fzj-. 13. The eighteenth is Party per Fefs crenelle Gules and Azure, three Suns proper; borrii by the name of Pierson, The nineteenth is Gules, a. Mullet be tween three Crefcents jirgent; born by the name of Oliver. The twentieth is Gules, a Chief Argent, on the lower part thereof a Cloud, the Sun's refplendant Raies iffuing throughout proper ; born by the name of Lee son. EXAMPLES n8 ELEMENTS E X A MP L E ;s Of Efpiqies of Men-, &c. and their Parts bbr nin Artns. '^HE^ firft is Azure, the Plrgm Mary with her ^Bitbe in her right arm., and a d.Septre in her left, -all Or. The Coat-of- arms of the Bifhopric of Sal-isbury. The fecond is Azure, Prefierfohnfittjng on aTomb-fione, withaQrown on his Headand Glory Or ; his right hand extended andholdirig in his, kft an open .Book Argent, with afmrd crofs his mouth Cules *. The Coat-of-armg' of the Bifhopric of ChichESter, The third is Azure, a Bijbop habited in Ms pmtificals, fitting on a chair of ficUe, and leaning on the firiifier fide there ff, , holding in his Ift hand a 'cr ofier, his fight, being extended * Thus I find this Coat-of-arms depifted and blazon- pd in the Englijh Compendium; but as Mr. Salmon has defcribed it differently, I will infert it here for the fatisfaftion of the reader. Azure, a Presbyter John fit ting on a tomb-flone, in his left hand a Mound, his right hand extended Or ; with a linen Mitre on his head, and in his mouth a Swcrd, all proper. towards p .mS. PXA TJE xbjeJKTV: ofIITTJGUJS to.. OF HERALDRY, 119 towards the dexter chiefof the Efcutcheon, all' Or ; and refiing his feet on a cujhion. Gules, taffelled of the fecond. The Coat-of-arms of the Bifhopric of Clogher, in Ireland. The fourth is Azure, a Bifiiop habited in ¦bis pontificals, holding befbre him, in a pale, a a Crucifix proper. The Coat-of-arms ofthe Bifhopric of Waterford, in Ireland. The fifth is Or, a Man's Leg couped at the midfi ofthe thigh Azure ; born by the name of Haddon. The fixth is Azure, three finifier Hands couped at the wrifi, and ereSled Argent; born by the ancient family of Malmains. The feventh is Argent, three finifier Hands couped at the wrifi, and ereSied Gules ; born by the name of Maynard. By thefe two laft Examples it appears, that different Coats-of-arms may be eafily made from the fame figure or figures, by varying the colours only, without the , addition of any other charge, counter-changings, partings, &c. The eighth is Argent, a Mans Leg erafed at the midfi of the thigh Sable ; born by the name of Prime. I 4 The -126 ELEMENTS The ninth is Gules, three Legs armed proper, conjoined in the Fefs-point at the upper part ofthe thighs, fiexed in a triangle, garnifix'd and fpurred Or. This is the Coat-of-arms of the Isle of Man, and is quartered by the Moft Noble James Murray, Duke of Athol. This Ifle was won from the Scots in 1 340, by William, Montacute, the great Earl of Salifbury, who fold it to Lord Scroope, who being condemned for treafon, Henry IV. gave it Percy, Earl of Northumberland; but he oppofing his Sovereign in 1403, it was given to Stanley, Earl of Derby, a predecef- for to the Earls of that name, in whofe fa mily it continued, till the late Duke of Athol, by marriage, acquired right thereto, and the prefent Duke is the twentieth Lord, or King in Man, of the Englifh race, from WiUiam Montacute. The tenth is Gules, three dexter Arms vambraced proper ; born by the name of Armstrong, This Coat is very well adapted to the Bearer's name, and ferves to denote OF HERALDRY. 121 denote a man of excellent condudt and valour. The eleventh is Or, three Legs couped above the knee Sable ; born by the name of HosY. The twelfth is Vert, three dexter Arms conjoined at the Jhoulders, and fiexed in a tri angle Or, with fifis clenched Argent ; born by the name of Tremain. The thirteenth is Argent, a Man's Heart Gules, within two right angles-triangles braced Sable; born by the name of Villages, a family of diftindtion in Provence. The fourteenth is Azure, a finifier Arm, iffuing out of the dexter chief, and extended towards the finifier bafe Argent ; born by the name of * * *. The fifteenth is Argent, a dexfer Hand couped at the wrifi and ereSied, within a Bor dure engrailed Sable ; born by the name of Manley. The fixteenth is Argent, a Man's Heart Gules, enfigned with a Crown Or, and on a Chief Azure, three Mullets of the firfi. The paterna] 122 ELEMENTS parternal Coat for the name of Douglas, and quartered in the Arms of the Dukes of Hamilton and ^eenjberry ; as alfo in thofe of the Earls of Morton and March, and the following Barons, Lord Mordington, and Lord Torpichen. The feventeenth is Gules, a Saracen's Head erafed at the neck Argent, environed about the temples with a wreath of the fecond and Sable ; born by the name of Mergith. Tlje eighteenth is Argent, three Blacka-, moors Heads couped proper, banded about the head Argent and Gules ; horn hy the name of Tanner, The nineteenth is Gules, three Befants figured; born by the name of Gamin. The twentieth is Or, a Blackamoor's Head couped proper, banded about the Head Ar gent ; born by the name of Ustoc. EXAMPLES p.is3. J^LA TE tmeXV.of LIOWS ka. ao 31 la 13 14 ^ t6 17 18 ^ 2D OF HERALDRY, J25 EXAMPLES Ofthe different P^ifitiens ©/"Lions, &c. in Coats-of-arms. 'T^HE firft is Topaz, a Lion rampant Sapphire; quartered by the Right Hon. Hugh Percy - Smithfon, Earl of Northumberland^ &e. This noble EarJ is defcended from the family of the Simth- fons, of Newfham in Yorkfhire, which ap pears to have been poffeffed of lands in that comnty in the rdgn of King Richard If. i^is Lordfhip married July i§, 1740, the Lady Elizabeth Seymour, only daughter of ^^^r- non Seymour, late Duke of Somerfet, and Earl of Northium-berland, xm. whofe death he was created Earl of the fame county, Feb. 7, 1749-50. The fecond is Azure, a Lion rampant-^ gardant Or; horn hy thename of Fit z- Hammond. " The"^ third is Ruby, a Lioji rampant- regardant Topaz ; quartered by the Right Hon. Charles Cadogan, Lord Cadogan,&c. This 124 ELEMENTS This noble Lord is defcended from Kehdlin, Prince Powis in Wales, from whom de fcended William Cadwyan,' or Cadogan of Llanbeder, in the county of Pembroke, an other of the anceftors of this prefent Lord, who was created a Peer of Great Britain on June zi,iyi6. The fourth is Ermine, a Lion falliani Gules ; born by the name of Worley. The fifth is Azure, a Lidn fiatant-gar- Jant Or; born by tlie name of Brom- ^lELD. The fixth is Or, a Lion paffant Gules; born , by the name of Games. The feventh is Pearl, a Lion paffant-' gardant Ruby, crowned Topaz; quartered by the Right Hon.. James Ogilvy, Earl qf FlNDL^TER, &q. The eighth is Gules, a Lion fejant Ar gent ; born by the name of * * *. The ninth is Or, a Lion rampant doubk- headed Azure; born by the name of Mason, The tenth is Sable, two Lions rampant combatant OF H E R A L D R Y. 125 combatant Or, armed and langued Gul'es; born bythe name of Carter. l:..;...oii. .¦ The eleventh is Azure, two Lions ram'-< pant addorfed Or. This' Coat-of-arms is faid to have^ been born by Achi l les, at the fiege ol" Troy. . ..- , , The twetftli is Sable, two Liomels,coun- ier-paffant Argent, ¦ the uppermqft towards the finifier fide of the Efcutcheon, both collared Gules ; born by the name of Glegg; It is the natural difpofition of, the Lion riot to bear a rival in the field, therefore two Lions cannot be born in one Coat-pf-arms, but irtuft be fuppofed to be Lion's Welps, called Lioncels ; except when they are part ed by an Ordinary, as in Plate viii. Fig. ly. or io difpofed as that they feem to be diftindt ly feparated from each other, as in the 20th Fz^wr^ of this Plate. In the two foregoing Examples they are alfo called Lions, becaufe in the i oth they feem to be ftriving for the fovereignty of the field, which they would not do unlefs they were of full, growth : and, in the 1 1 th, they are fuppofed, ac cording to Leigh's conjedture, to reprefent two t26 ELEMENTS two valiant men, whofe difpute being ac commodated by the Prince, are leaving the field. The thirteenth- is Argent, a. Demi-lion rampant Sable; horn by the name of Mervin. The fourteenth is Gules, a Lion couchant Argent; born by thenameof Tynte.. The fifteenth is Azure, a Lion dormarit Or. It is faid that the Lion fleepeth with his eyes open, being an emblem to Go vernors, whofe vigUancy fhould fheW itfelf, when Others are moft at reft and fecure. ' The fixteenth is Or, out of the midfi of a Fefs^Sable, a Lion rampant-naffant Gules'; born by the name oi Emme. This formof Blazon is peculiar to all living things that fhall be found iffuing out of the midft of fome Ordinary or other charge. The feventeenth is Sapphire, three Lion cels rampant Topa^; born by the Right Hon. Richard Fienes, Vicount and Baron Say and Sele. This noble Lord is defcend ed from John, Baron Fienes, Hereditary Conftable ©F HERALDRY. 127 Conftable of Dover-caftle, and LordWardeit of the Cinque-ports, iri the twelfth century* The eighteenth is Gules, a tricorporatid Lion ifiuing from' three parts of the Efcut cheon, all meeting under one Head in the'-Fefs^ point Or, langued and armed Azure ; bdrfi by the name of Chouchback. This Coat appertained to Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancafter, in the reign of his bro ther King £^/wflr tears the branches of trees, &c. The third is Argent, a Boar fiatant Gules armed Or ; born by the name of Tre war- then. This animal, tho' he wants horns, is no way defedtive in his weapon, his ftrong and fharp tufks being reckoned as fervice- able and executive as any inftrument of of fence amongft the wild beafts, and he beareth an encounter with a noble courage. The fourth is Sable, a Bull paffant Or ; borri by the nameof Fitz-Geffrey. The Bull is of the greateft efteem among all horned animals, and his patience in enduring labour is exceeded by none. It Is faid that the Athenians, to exprefs their gratefulnefs for this laborious creature, did ftamp its figure on a certain coin called a Didrachma. The fifth is Diamond, three Nags Heads erafed Pearl; born by the Right Hon. and the Rev. Charles-Talbot Blayney, Baron Blayney of Monaghan, in Ireland. This noble of HERALDRY- 131 noble family is defcended, in a diredt line, f'om Cadwallader, a younger fon of the Prince of Wales ; and the firft Peer was Sir Edward Blayney, Knight, who was created a Baron by King James I, July 29, 1621- The fixth is Argent, three Boars Heads erafed and ereSl Sable ; born by the name of Booth, Next to the whole creature, the bearing of the head is moft honourable. The feventh is Sapphire, three Boars Heads erafed Topaz ; quartered by the moft noble Alexander Gordon, Duke of Gor don, &c. Of this great and noble family, which took their furname from the Barony of Gordon, in the county of Berwick, there h'ave been, befides thofe in North-Britain, feveral of great diftindtion in Mufcovy ; and in the time of King Malcolm IV. 1 160, this family was very numerous, and flourifhed in the county aforefaid. The eighth is Pearl, three Bulls Headi erafed Diamond, armed Topaz ; born by the Right Hon. Clotworthy Skeffington, Earl of Massareene, &c. oi Ireland. This an tient and noble family derivesats name from K 2 the 132 E L E MENTS the village of Skeffington, in the county df , Leicefter, of which place Simon Skefiington was Lord in the reign of Edward I. from him defcended Sir William Skeffington* Knight, made fo by King Henry VII. The ninth is Argent, two Foxes counter- failant in Bend, the Dexter furmounted of the finifier faltierwife Gules ; born by the name ofKADROD-HARD, of ^^z/^j-. This animal is reckoned the moft crafty and fubtil of all beafts. The Egyptians, in their hie roglyphics, took little notice of it; but the Greeks and Romans have writ much concerning it. If we confider the fubtil temper of this creature, it may ferve to re prefent thofe who have done fignal fervice to their Prince and country in the admini- ftration of Juftice, or upon Embaffies, or fuch like negociations, where there is more ufe for wit and dexterity than for ftrength and valour. Foxes may alfo be the emblem of thofe prudent commanders, who rather choofe to carry on their enterprizes by ftra- tagems, than by the rafh trials of their fol diers courage, as gaining vidlories witli lefs expence OF HERALDRY. 135 expence of blood, like Ulyffes, who for his craft and dexterity was valued beyond the ibrutal fighting Ajax. The tenth is Pearl, three Bulls paffant Diamond, armed and unguled Topaz; for Ashley, and quartered by the Right Hon. Anthony AJhley Cooper, Earl of Shaftes bury, &c. This noble Earl is defcended from Richard Cooper, who flourifhed in the reign of King Henry VIII. and purchafed the manor of Paulet, in the county of Som- merfet, of which the family are ftill pro prietors. But his anceftor, who makes the greateft figure in hiftory, is. Sir Anthony^ AJhley Cooper, who was created Baron Afh- iey of Winbourn, April 20, 1661, and afterwards Earl of Shaftefbury, April 23, 1672. The eleventh is Ruby, three Conies fejant Pearl; born by the Right Hon. Frances Coningfby, Countefs Coningsby. This family took its name from the town of Co- jiingfby in the county of Salop, where it an tiently refided. K 3 The 134 ELEMENTS The twelfth is Gules, two Greyhounds faliant Or, refpeSling each other; born by the name of Dogget. Dogs are, of all irrational creatures, the moft grateful to their mafters ; and are befides endued with other excellent qualities, as fidelity, affedlion, fin- cerity, and obedience : they are likewife bold and refolute in revenging the wrong offered to their : benefadlors . They may alfo ferve to reprefent brave warriors, who have drove the enemy out of the borders of their country ; for we fee they are jealous and implacable againft other beafts that will come into the houfe they have the charge of. - The thirteenth is Or, an Afs's Head erafed Sable ; born by the name of Hack^ WELL, The Afs, which is the lively em blem of Patience, is not without fome good qualities, for of all animals that are covered with hair, he is leaft fubjedt tovirmin; he feems alfo; to know his mafter, and can dif-> tinguifh him from all other men, though he has been never fo ill treated ; he has good eyes, a fine fmell, and an excellent ear. The of HERALDRT. 135 The fourteenth is Gules, three Lions gambes erafed Argent ; born by the name of Newdigate. The legs of a Lion may very properly ferve to exprefs ftrength. The fifteenth is Argent, three Lions Tails ereSl and erafed Gules ; born by the name of Cork. Tails are born in Arms as well as other parts, arid efpeciaUy thofe of Lions, who are faid to flap them about their back and fides when they are in anger, as alfo to fweep the ground with them when purfued, to wipe out their footfteps, that they may not be followed by the track. The fixteenth is Sapphire, a Buck's Head eaboched Pearl; born by the Right Hon. William Legge, Earl of Dartmouth, &c. This noble Earl is defcended from Signior 4? Lega, an Italian Nobleman, who flourifh-^ ed in ftaly, in the year 1297. What time the family came into England is uncertain ; but it appears, they were fettled at Legge's- place, near Tunbridge, in Kent, for many generations ; and Thomas, one of their an ceftors, was twice Lord-Mayor of London, viz. in 1346, and 13534 The 136 ELEMENTS The feventeenth is Argent, three Biicks tripping regardant Gul^s. This is the Coat- of-arms of the Company oi Leather-fellers., in London, which was firft incorporated by RichardTI. 1383, The traders of the city of London are divided into companies, or corporations, and are fo many bodies politick, enjoying large privileges by the Charters of divers Kings granted to them. The eighteenth is Gules, a Goat paffant Argent; born by the nanie of Baker. It is hard to guefs at the motive which induced the firft bearers of this animal to take it for their Arms, as all the good that can be faid of it is, that, in fome places. Goats are ufe ful on account of their milk, butter, cheefe, fuet, fkins, aiid young ; and that they are more eafily tamed, and brought to live a- mong mankind than fheep ; but, on the other hand, it is fo f^acious a beaft, and does fo much mffchief with its teeth, gnaw ing and deftroying the trees and plants, that it may rather be taken for the emblem of Lafcivioufnefs and Vice, than of any parti cular virtue or good quality. The of heraldry. 137 The nineteenth is Gules, a Stag fianding at gaze Argent, attired Or; born by the name of Jones. The Stag, whofe gate and afpedt is very ftately, is indued with two excellent qualities above others, viz. quicknefs of hearing, and fwiftnefs of foot, by which he may ferve to reprefent quick nefs in execution. He is faid to be extra ordinary long lived, even to three hundred years of age. This animal may alfo be adapted to Heraldry, to denote a perfon ad- didted to hunting, and who, in a profound peace, or honourable retirement, pradtices that innocent war, which, at fuch time, becomes Princes and great Men. The twentieth is Azure, three Holy- Lambs Or, born by the name of Row, The Lamb is well known to be a mild, gentle animal, and may very properly be taken for the fymbol of Lenity and Tender- nefs of nature. EXAMPLES 138 E L E M ENT S EXAMPLES Of Birds, Fishes, Reptiles, ^c. born in Arms. 'TpHE firft is Ermine,' an Eagle- 'difpi Sable; bornby the name of BEDDrao- field. This Bird was-by.the Ancients de dicated to Jove, on account of its generofity, ftrength, and courage, above all other fowls. Arifiotle and Pliny have beftowed great enco miums upon it, affirming that it is more fwift, more laborious, &c.. than any other; for which reafori the Eagle is accourited the moft noble bearirig of Birds. The fecond is Gules, a Swan clofe proper; born by the name of Leigh am. This- Bird, the largeft and handfomeft of all web-footed fowls, is remarkable for never ufing his ftrength to prey on, or tyrannize over any other, but only to be revenged ori fuch as firft offer him violence. He was, by the Ancients, dedicated to Venus, and is a very honourable bearing. The third is Argent, a Stork Sable, membre4 Gules; born by thename of Star- key. P-23S Pirate tmjsxfii. of Bjmds , Fishes M- of heraldry. 139 KEY. Storks are fo light, with refpedt to their fize, that we cannot fufficiently ad mire how properly nature has formed them for flight ; they are very ufeful Birds, for they deftroy a vaft number of Serpents, Ca terpillars, and all kinds of vermin; and they were fo much efteemed by the ancients, that they paid them divine honours. This bird is, according to fome authors, the emblem of Piety and Gratitude. The fourth is Gules, a Pelican in her nejl., with wings elevated, feeding her young ones Or, vulned proper; born .by the name of Carne. The Pelican, reprefented in the forementioued pofition, expreffes Charity, Paternal Love, and the tender concern of a Superior^ who facrifices himfelf for his In feriors. The fifth is Argent, three Peacocks in their pride proper; horn by the name of JPawne, This bird is remarkable for its beautiful tail, by which it is diftinguifhed from all other birds in the world. It was formerly dedicated to Juno, as being the Goddefs of riches, which attradt our hearts, as I40 ELEMENTS as the Peacock does our eyes. It may ferve to reprefent Sublimity, Power, and Grandeur. The fixth is Sable, a Gofimwk Argent, perching upon afiockfixed in the Bafe point of theEfcutcheon of the fecond, armed, jeff'ed, and belled Or ; born by the name of Weele. Next to the Eagle the Gofhawk is the chief bird of prey. The feventh is Or, a Raven proper ; born by the name of Corbet. This bird is found almoft in all countries in the world, for it can bear any fort of weather ; he is v^ry bold, flies to a great height, and has an extraordinary fine fmell. Linnceus ob ferves, that the Swedes look upon Ravens as facred birds, and no one attempts to kill them. It is confidered as the emblem of Conftancy. The eighth is Pearl, three Cocks Ruhyi crefied and jowllopped Diamond, a Crefcent upon a Crefcent for difference ; born by the Right Hon. Charles Cockayne, Vifcount Cullen, of Donegal in Ireland. Of this ancient fa mily ot HERALDRY. 141. Inily was Andreas Cockayne, of Alhburne, in the county of Derby, who lived in the twenty-eighth year of Edward I. Charles, fon to Sir William Cockayne^ Lord-mayor of London, 16 19, was the firft who was ad vanced to the Peerage, by Charles I. Au guft II, 1642. The ninth is Sable, a Dolphin naiant embowedOr ; bornby thenameof Symonds. The Dolphin is reckoned the King of Fifhes, as the Lion is of beafts ; and many fabulous ftorieS are told of him for truths, and pub- lifhed even by grave authors, which I pafs by, to take notice that the greateft honour done him is, his being born by the eldeft fon of the French King, and next heir to the crown, no other fubjedt in that kingdom being permitted to bear it. In England, where that rule cannot take place, there are feveral families that have Dolphins in their Coat-of-arms. Some authors fuppofe it to be the emblem of Friendfhip. The tenth is Argent, three Whales Heads ereB and erafed Sable ; born by the name oi Whalley. The relation of the Bearer's name 142 ELEMENTS name to that of this Fifli, has> I fuppoidj been the reafon for appropriating to this fa mily fuch a Coat-of-arms. The eleventh is Ruby, three Efcallopi Pearl; born by the Right Hon. George Keppel, Earl of Albemarle, &c. This prefent Earl is defcended from Arnold Joojl Van Keppel, a Nobleman of the province of Gelderland, in Holland, who came over into England, with the Prince of Orange, in 1688, to whom he was then a Page of Honour, and afterwards Mafter of the Robes, and was by him created a Peer of England, by the title of Earl of Albermarle, in the Dutchy of Normandy in France, Fe bruary 10, 1696. The twelfth is Azure, three Trouts fretty in Triangle Argent ; born by the name of Trout BECK. Trouts generally delight in cool and fmall ftreams which defcend frora hills and rocky mountains, and they feem to take fuch a pleafure in fwimming againft the courfe of the water, ftriving to gain, as it were, the fpring-head of brooks and rivu lets, let their defcent be never fo rapid, that they OF HERALDRY. 143 they may be taken for the emblem of Cou rage and Intrepidity, The thirteenth is Vert, a Grafs-hopper in Fefs paffant Or ; born by the name of * * *. Amongft the Athenians, Grafhop- pers were fo much efteemed, that they wore golden ones in their hair, as a fpecial note of Nobility. Solomon reckons it for one of the four fmall things on earth that are full of wifdom; but, according to the Fable, the Ant thinks it otherwife. The fourteenth is Azure, three Bees vo lant en-arriire Argent ; born by the name of Bye. Bees, the moft wonderful and profitable infedts yet known, have been treated of by Naturalifts in different ages 5 in fo much that fome pretend there have been phflofophers, who fpent the greateft part of their time in ftudying their nature. They may ferve in Heraldry, to reprefent Induftry. The fifteenth is Vert, a Tortoife, pafiant Argent; born by the name of Gawdy. The Tortoife, or Turtle, is an amphibious creature much efteemed, as well for the beauty 144 ELEMENTS beauty of its fhell, as for the delicacy of its fiefti. The fixteenth is Gulesi an Adder nowed Or; born by the name of Nathiley. Adders, Snakes, and Serpents are faid to reprefent many things, which, being ac cording to the fancy of the ancients, and a few modern authors who have adopted their opinions, I will not enlarge upon. It is certain they often occur in Armory, but the nobleft I firid is that of the Dutchy oi, Milan, viz* Argent, a Serpent vairy in Pale Azure, crowned Or, vorant an Infant ifiuing Gules. The occafion of this bearing was thus; Otho, firft Vifcount of Milan,^ going to the Holy-land with Godfrey of Bouillon^ defeated and flew in a fingle com bat the great giant Volux, a man of an ex traordinary ftatUre and ftrength, who had challenged the braveft ofthe Chriftian army. The Vifcount having killed him, took his armour, and among it his helmet, the Creft whereof was a Serpent fwallowing an Infant, worn by him, as it muft be fup pofed, e^ HERALDRY. HS pbfed, to ftrike a terror into thofe that fhould be fo bold as to engage him. The feventeenth is Ermine, a Rofe Ruby barbed and fieded proper ; born bythe Right Hon.Hugh Bofcawen, Vifcount F al mou t h, &c. This noble Lord is defcended from Richard Bofcawen, ofthe town of Bofcawen, in the county of Cornwall, who flourifhed in the reign of King Edward VI» Hugh, the late Vifcount, and the firft Peer of this ancient family, Was Created Baron of Bof- cawen-Rofe, and Vifcount Falmouth, on the 1 3th of June, 1720, 6th of George I. The eighteenth is Azure, three Laurel LeanjCs fiipped Or ; born by the name of Leveson, and quartered bythe Right Hon. Granville-Levefon Gower, Earl of Gower, &c. This tree is well known to be the em blem of vidtory and triumph, for which reafon the Romans gave Crowns, or Gar lands, of Laurel branches to fuch 'as had vanquiftied their enemies, and particularly to their Generals. It is alfo the Hierogli phic of favour and prefervation, becaufe, it is faid, that lightning never falls upon it. L The 146 EL E MENT S I;! The nineteenth ,is Azure three Garbes Or; born by the name of Erskine. Many other families bear Garbes, or Sheaves of Corn, in their Coats-of-arms, but for what reafons fuch Coats, were firft given, I leave to others to decide. The 2pth is Ruby, three Narciffus pierced Pearl; born bythe Right Hon. Ford Lam- bart. Baron of Cavan, &c. in Ireland, Of this ancient family, which is of French extradtion, was. Sir Oliver, who, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, attending the Earl of Effex to Spain, was there knighted by him, and afterwards returning with that Earl into Ireland, was, for his fingular fer vice in the Noi^th, againft O'Neal, Earl of Tyrone, made Camp- maA^r? general, and Prefident ofCOTnaught, and February 17, 1 6 1 7, was created Lord Lambert and Baron of Qavan, by King James I. ARTICLE OF HERALDRY. 147 ARTICLE IL 0/* Artificial. Figures born /.?z Coats- of-arms. AFTER the various; produfStions of Na ture, arrificial Figures, the objedt of Arts and Mechanics,, claim the next rank; in the treating^ of , which I will, in order to adhere to the fame concife and orderly me thod I have hitherto purfued, diftribute them into the following- claffes, viz. Warlike Infiruments, as Swords, Arrows, Battering-rams, Gauntlets, Helmets, Spears, Pole-axes, &c. Ornaments ufed in Royal and Religious Ceremonies, as Crowns, Coronets, Mitres, Wreaths, Crofiers, &c. ArchiteSlure, as Towers, Caftles, Arches, Columns, Plumets, Battlements, Churches, Portcullis, &c. *¦ Navigation, as Ships, Anchors, Rudders, Pendants, Sails, Oars, Mafts, Flags, Gal lies, Lighters, &c. All thefe_bearings have different Epithets, fervirig either to' exprefs their Pofition, L 2 Difpofition, 148 ELEMENTS Difpofition, or Make> viz. Swords are faid to be ereSl, in Pile, pomeled, hiked, &c. Arrows armed, feathered, &c. Towefs covered, embattled, &cc. and fo on of all others, as it will appear by the foUowiiffig Examples. EXAMPLES 0/* Artificial Figures born in Coats- of-arms. npHE firft is Diamond, three Swords i^ Pile, their points towards the Bafe Pearl, pomeled and kilted Topaz, a Crefcent for difference; born by his Grace Charles Powlet, Duke of^ Bolton, &c. This noble .Duke is defcended from Hercules, Lord of Tournon in Picardy, who came over to England with Jeffrey Plantagenet, Earl of Anjou, third fon of King Henry II. and among other lands had the Lordfhip of Pau let, in Somerfetfliire, conferred on him. William Powlet, the firft Peer of this fllu- ftrious and loyal family, was Treafu.i;er pf the Pl^ te ibe jlvmi. of Artif. Fig wiles . i iC] IO 11 12 13 14 lb 17 19 20 of HERALDRY. 149 the houfliold to King Henry VIll. and by him created Baron St. John of Bafing, in the County of Southampton, March 9, ^538- The fecond is Pearl, three Battering- rams barways proper, headed Sapphire and hooped Topaz, an Annulet for difference ; born by the Right Hon. Willoughby Bertie, Earl of Abington, &;c. The firft of the family of Bertie, that bore the title of Earl of A- bington, was James Bertie, Lord Norris of Rycote, being created Earl, November 30, 1682, by Charles II. The third is Sapphire, three right-hand Gauntlets with their backs forward Topaz ; born by the Right Hon. Thomas Fane, Earl of Westmoreland, &c. This noble Earl is defcended from the Fanes, an ancient family, which refided at Badfal, in Kent, from which defcended Francis Fane, fon and heir of Sir Thomas Fisve, Knight, by Mary, his wife, -fole daughter and heirefs to Henry Nevil, Lord Abergavenny, after wards created Baronefs Defpenfer. The faid Francis was a Knight of the Bath, and in L 3 the f^6 E:L ^vM E;:NI'T S the reign 'S-King- James Vy^s cfeated Baron BuFgheVfli, ^di Skirl of WceiftSidiisland, De cember 2^, i6aif The fourth is Sapphire, three Arrows Topaz;- born -by the^Right ,^on. Thomas Archer,;, L.o.rd ' ArcJier, :^. i This , nobl^ Lord : is defended fromvjQhn de Archer, t?hS[ came ' Pvfef ff om ¦NQff$l3i^:--9^ithf W-if ^"iJOT theiCotriiqueror, and -this family ris/ orie oi^thq rrio^ lecigjtt in; W-arsi^iokfhirey b^ing ffettted ati IlJmber fiade-, in th^t ,G0un ty, , eyer fifip:-cile:r§i'griP^{^C$?^.n.,-:;His Lordfhip is the firft Peer, and was created Lord Archer and Baron of -ymberfiade hy;K:ing George II. July 14, 1747. ' The fifth is Ruby, two Helmets in. Chief proper, garnifioedTopaz, in a Bafe a Gar be' of the third ; ^born by the Right Hon. George Cholmondeley, Earl of Cholmondeley, &c. This noble Earl is defcended from the ancient family of Egerton,' of Chefhire, which flourifhed Jn the time of the conqueft, V.' from whom alfo the Duke of Bridgewater is : defcended. The firft Englifh Peer of this brave and loyal branch was Hugh Vifcount OF HERALDRY. 151 Vifcount Choln4onde|eybf Kells, in Ireland^ ^ho, • joining with. thefe worthy Patriot^i that oppofed tbe arbitrary tneaiures of King James 11. was on the accSffion of King Wil liam dnd- Queen Mary, created Lord Chol mondeley of Namptvvieh, in the county of Chefter. The fixth is Pearl, a Ship with its fails furled up Diafhond; quartered by the Right Hon. James Hamilton, Earl of Abercorn, &c; The "defcent of this noble family is froin that of the Duke <)f Hamilton: for y^^z^j-, the fotirth Earlof Hamilton, and fecond Earl of Arran, marrying Lady Mar garet Douglas, daughter oi^ James, the third EaH of Morton, hy her had four fons, James, John, 'Climd, ind David ; whereof Claud was progenitor 'of the Lord we are now fpeaking' of ; arid in confideration of his merit and loyalty to Mary Queen of Scots, James VI. created him Lord Paifley 1 59 1, as alfo Eatl of Abercorri, Baron of Hamilton, &c. July 10, 1606. The feventh is Topaz, an Anchor in pale: Ruby ; quartered by the Moft Noble L 4 George 152 E L E M E NT S George Johnikon, Marquis of Ann and ale, &c. The Johnftohes . are^ an antient and warlike family, and derive their furname from the.Barony of Jahnj/kn^ in Annandale. The eighth is Diamond, three Spears Heads ereSi Pearl, imbrued Ruby, on a Chief Topaz, as many Pole-axes Sapphire; born by the Right Hoq. William King, Lord King, &c. Peter King, ;6fq; the firfi Lord of this ancient family, was chofen Recorder of the city of London, July 27, J 708, and on the 1 2th of September follow ing had the honour of knighthood conferred on him. He was conftituted Lord-chief- juftice of the Common-pleas in the firfi; year of ^ing George!. 1714J on the 5 th of April following was fwpm of his Ma jefty's Mpft Hon. Privy CouncU : aad on May 19, 1723, -vyas created a Peer of thi^ kingdom by the title of Lord King, Baroa of Ockham. The ninth is Ruby, three Clarions Topaz ; quartered by the Right Hon. Robert Car teret, Earl of Granville, &c. This an cient and worthy family derives it pe.digfe§ ^ from- OF HERALDRY, 153 from Ofi'erey de Carteret, who attended Wil liam the Conqueror in his defcent upon Eng land, and contributed to the vidtory he ob tained over King Harold, at Haftings in Suffex, 1066, he had manors and lands in E;)gland conferred on him by that Prince, as a reward for his eminent fervices. George Carteret, Grand-father to the prefent Earl, was, in confideration of his own merit, and the fervices of his anceftors, created a Peer of Great Britain, Oftober the 19th, 1681. The tenth is Pearl, a Maunch Diamond; born by the Right Hon. Francis Haftings, Earl of Huntingdon, &c. This noble Earl is defcended from Hugh de Haftings, a younger fon of the ancient and noble fa mily of the Haftings, Earl of Pembroke, of which family was William de Haftings, Steward of the Houfhold to King Henry I. William, the firft Lord Haftings, was a created a Baron on July 6, 1461, by King Edward IV. The eleventh is Sapphire, a circular Wreath Pearl and Diamond} '^ith four Hawk's 154 E L E M E N T S HawEs Bells joined' thereto in quadrature Topaz; born by the Right Hon.. Robert JocelyUj. • Vifcount JdcELYN, &c. This noble family is of great 'antiquity ;fbr^ after the Romans had been mafters of Britain five hundred -years, wearied with the wars, they took their ifirval farewel; of .it, and carried away wifk them agreatfuiany of their; brave old Britifli foldiers, who had ferved them in their wars both at home ;arid abroad, to whotn they gave A^niorjca^r.in Prance, for, their former fervices, which country was from them afterwards called Little Britain. It is fuppofed that there were fome of this family amoiTgfl:-. them, and that they; gave the name of /fer^^» to ,a town, in this coun- try, which ftill preferves that name ; and it is thought probable that they retorne4 with WilUamf^e Conqueror ; for we find, in 1066, , menition made of Sir Gzj^er/ Joccr lyn. This prefent nobleman,, the firft Lord of the family, was created Baron Newport, of' Newport in Ireland, on November, 29, 1743, and Vifcount in November 1751. . . The OF HE-RAILDRYi ^55 • "flhe twelfth is'Mkbyi three Tmers-Pearl; ^«te.rter^ by the^Righi-Hon", #f^/<«^l'loWe#, Vifcount Ashbrook/[&c, s -WillmmFl^er, Efq; father to this prefent Lord:,, jwas. ad vanced to: the Peerage by King v^or^B^ II. and created Baron of Caftle-D-urrawyin'ifc county of Kilkeniiy,:'i03:t3»belr 27,^11733, and his Ton was created Vifcount;AfhbrSofe^ of Afhbrook in Ireland, on- September 30, 1 75 1. — ¦.ndwxxSfiQ:^ The thirteenth' ' JS '> Guks, 'two Keys in Sakier Argent, An Chief a Royal Crdwn Or. The Arms of the Archbifhbpric of Yore. The fourteenth is Gules, two Swords in Saltier Argent, .fomeled and^hilted Or. The Arms of the Bifliopric of London. The fifteenth is Sable, a Key in Bend, furmounted by a Cr ofier in Bend finifier, both Or. The Arms of the Bifhopric of St. Asabh. The fixteenth is Gides, a Sword^in Bend finifier Argent, pomeled and hiked Or, inter- pofed between two-Keys addorfed in Bend, the uppermofi Argent, and the other. Or. The Arms of the Bifliopric of Winchester. The ,156 EL E MEN T S The . feyeriteenth is Gules, three Mitres with their Pendants Or. The Arms of the Bifhopric of Chester, The eighteenth is Sable^ three Ducal Co ronets P'akways\ Or. The Arms of the Bifhopric of Bristol. The nineteenth is Gules, a Sword ereSi in-iP ale Argent i pomeled and hilted. Or, fur- ftiouKted by two Keys in Saltier Or. The Arms of the Bifliopric of Exeter. The twentieth is Gules; three Dueal Co* ronets Or. The Arms of the Bifhopric of Ely. ARTICLE m. Of Chimerical Figures born in Coats- of-arms. 'T^ H E laft, and the oddeft kind of Bear ings in Coats-of-arms, is compre hended under the name of Chimerical Fi gures, that is to fay, fuch as have no real exiftence, but are mere fabulous and fan- taftical inventions, Thefe Charges, Griffons, Martekts, and Unicorns excepted, are fo rincommon dF HERALDRY. 157 Uncommon in Englifh Coats, that I have been obliged, in order to make up the fame riumber of Examples hitherto contained in each colledtion, to introduce in this laft fe veral foreign Bearings, which, however, as they are, conform to the laws of Englijh Heraldry, will alfo contribute both to en tertain and inftrudt the Reader. Thefe moft in ufe are of thefe forts foUdwing, viz. Angels, Tritons, Cherubim, Centaurs, Martelets, Wiverns, Griffons, Harpies, Unicorns, Cockatrices, Dragons, and Mermaids, Phenixes. Thefe, like the foregoing Charges, are fubjedt to various Pofitions and Difpofitions, which, from the Principles already laid down, will be plainly underftood. See the following Examples* EXAMPLES 1^^ E L EM E NTS E X; A M'^P'^L E S Of Chimerical iFi'Gu.REs.^or^- in. Coats- of-arms. 'T^ H E firft is Gules,.- -an Angel fianding direB with hii Hhnd-' enjoined -and ele vated upon his 'breafi', habited in 'a^ long robe clofe girt Argent, his Wings -difplay ed Or; born by the nam^e bf BrAngor Ji? Cerevifia, a foreign Prelate, who affifted at the Coun cil of Conjlanee, 141 3. .This Example is quoted by Guillim, Sedt, 3. Chap, i. The fecond- is Sable, a Claevron between three Cherubim' Or ; born by the name of Chaloner, of Yorkfhire and Chefhire, The third, ^is Azure, * a Fefs dancette be tween three Cherubim Argent. Thefe Arms, were granted to John Ayde, Efq; of Dod- dingtbn, in'' Kent, by 'Sir William ''%eg^x, Garter, The fourth is' Gules, "d. Clef-ub having three pair of Wings, the tippermoft'. and I01&- ermofi count er-crofi'ed Saltierways, and the * The field is reprefented Sahle in the plate, but it is, a miftake, middlemoji Pla te tbexk. of Chyme r.Figumes. 4 OF HERALDRY, 159 middlemofi'. difplayed Argent ; born by the name of Buocafoco, a foreign Prelate. This Example is " copied from Menefirier's Methode du Blafon, p, 120, No, viii. The fifth is Sapphire, a Gryphon fegreant Topaz, armed and langued Ruby, between three Crefcents Pearl; quartered by the Right Hon, John Bligh, Lord Clifton, &c. The Great-grand-father of this noble Lord, who lived in London, going over to Ireland, in the time of Oliver Cromwell, as an agent to the adventurers there, acquired a good eftate, and laid the foundation for the grandeur of this family. The fixth is Gules, ¦_ three Martlets Or ; born by the name of Macgill. Various are the opinions of Naturalifts concerning this Bird, fome fuppofe it to be the Martin, and afcertain its exiftence from this conjec ture ; others pretend it is only an imagina ry Bird invented by Heralds, as they have introduced into Armory- many dther-things that have no being. Guillim obferves, that this Bird, which is reprefented without feet, is given for a diffence to younger Brothers^ to i6o ELEMENTS to put them in mind that, in order to raife themfelves, they are to truft to their wings of Virtue and Merit, and not to their legs, having but little land to fet their feet on. The feventh is Sapphire, three Mallets lilithin a double Trefiure counterfiory Pearl, and in the' center a Martelet Topaz ; born by the Right Hon. Patrick Murtay, Lord Elibank. Sir Gideon Murray, knighted by King James VI. by whom he was made Treafurer-depute, was third fon of Sir John Beton, of Creik. His fon Patrick, in re fpedt of his loyalty to Charles I. was; on May 1 6, 1628, made a Baronet, and, in 1643, created Lord Elibank. The prefent is the fifth Nobleman of this ancient family. The eighth is Sable, a Cockatrice dif played Argent, crefied, membred, and jowllop ped Gules; born by the name of * * *, This is only an imaginary creature, fuppofed to rife from a Cock's egg. But Guillim, Sedt. 3. Chap. xxvi. calls it the King of Serpents, not in refpedt of its bignefs, but of the infedlion of its peftiferous and poi- fonfid afpedt. The OF HERALDRY. i6t The ninth is Argent, a Mermaid Gules, crined Or, holding in her right-hand a Mir ror, and in her left a Comb ; born by the name of Ellis. There may perhaps be fome refemblance of this creature in the fea, but as they are reprefented in Coats-of- arms, &c. they are the fancies of Painters &c. They have been ufed fometimes for the fymbol of Eloquence. The tenth is Argent, a Wivern, his Wings elevated, and his Tail now ed Gules ; born by the name of Drakes. Some fuppofe this creature to be a kind of a Serpent, the upper part refembling a Dragon, and the lower a Snake; others make it a winged Ferret, called Viverra in Latin ; others a winged Viper ; tho', if I might give my opinion, it owes its being to the Heralds, and can boaft of no other creation. The eleventh is Or, a Dragon paffant Vert ; born by the name of * * *. Dragons may be juftly fuppofed to be imaginary mon- fters, notwithftanding all the feveral ftories we have of them, I mean Dragons with wings and leg s, and not Serpents of an ex- M traordinary i62 ELEMENTS traordinary ma^riitude, as I make no doubt but that there have been fuch. The twelfth is Gules, a Centaur or Sagit^ tary regardant proper. This was the Coat-of- arms of Stephei;!, furnamed oi Blois, fon to Adela, daughter of William the Conque ror, and oi Stephen, Earl of Blois; and on this defcent grounding his pretenfions to the Crown of England. He was proclaimed Ring in 1135, and reigned to the 25th of Odtober 1 154. The thirteenth is Argent, an Unicorn fi' jant Sable, unguled and horned Or ; born by the name of Harling. The Unicorn isj by fome authors, fuppofed to be a very rare and beautiful beaft like a horfe or afs, and many pretend to defcribe him, as if they were fure of his exiftence : but after the moft diligent enquiry, made by the moft judicious travellers in all parts ofthe world, there is no fuch creature to be found. No other quadrupede is known that has a fingle horn but the Rhinoceros, and that is not in the middle of the forehead, but on the nofe; however, this has, in all likelihood, given rife OF HERALDRY. 163 rife to the fable of the Unicorn. There are indeed many horns kept in the cabinets of the curious, that have been faid to be Uni corn's horns ; but they do not belong to a quadrupede, but to a fifh, that is , now known by the name of Sea-Unicorn. The fourteenth is Argent, a Dragon's Head erafed Vert, holding in his Mouth a finifier Hand couped at the Wrifi Gules ; born by the name of Williams. The fifteenth is Gules, three Unicorns Heads couped Or;, born by the name of Paris. The fixteenth is Argent, a Dragon volant. Bendways Sable; born by the name of Raynon. The feventeenth is Azure, a Lion fejant gardant and winged Or, holding in his fore- paws an open Book, wherein is writen. Pax tibi, Marce, Evangififta mens; over the. Dexter fide ofthe Book a Sword ereB, all proper. Thefe are the Arms of the Re- publicof Venice. The eighteenth is Azure, a Bull faillant and winged Or; born by the name of Ca- M 2 denet. i64 ELEMENTS denet, a family of diftindl;ion in Pro vence. The nineteenth is Argent, . a Dragon with a human Face hooded, and winged Vert;' born bythe name of Buseraghi, an an cient and noble family of Luques. The twentieth is Azure, a Harpy difplay-.,^ ed, armed, crined, and crowned Or. Thefe are the Arms of the city of Noremberg, in Germany. CHAP. OF HERALDRY. 16^ CHAP. VII. Of //^^ external Ornaments tf Escutcheons. THE Ornaments that accompany or furround Efcutcheons, were intro duced to denote the Birth, Dignity, or Office * of the perfons to whom the Coat- of-arms appertaineth ; which is pradtifed both among the Laity and Clergy. Thofe moft in ufe are often forts, viz. * The office of ^«r/.M?r/2i«/ of England is ftill diftin guifhed by two Troncheons, or Marfhal Staves placed behind the noble Duke of NorfoWs Arms, as being Earl Marjhal of England. His Grace the Duke of Argyll's Arms aye alfo accompanied with two honoura ble Badges in Saltier, which his Grace's anceftors have born a long time, as Great-mafters ofthe King's Houfhold, and fujiiciaries of Scotland. The firft is a StafF Topaz feme of Thiftles proper and thereon the Creft of Scotland. The fecond is a Sword proper, the Pommel and Hilt Topaz. M 3 Crowns, ?66 ELEMENTS Crowns, Chapeaux, Coronets, Wreaths, Mitres, Crefis, Helmets, Scrolls, Mantlings, Supporters. SECT. I. Of Crowns. A Crown is an ornament with which Emperors, Kings, and independent Princes adorn their Coats-of-arms, to de note their fovereign authority. A French writer. Father Menefirier, affures us, that the pradtice of crowning Efcutcheons was firft ufed on Coins, and began in the reign of Charles VII. who came to the throne in 1422. The Imperial Crown is made of a Circle of gold, adorned with precious Stones and Pearls, heightened with Fleurs-de-lis, bor dered and feeded with Pearls, raifed in the form of a Cap voided at the top, like a Crefcent. From the middle of this Cap rifes an arched Fillet enriched with Pearls, v.ifi-j. Pla te tme jsx., of Cr o wws , kc OF HERALDRY. 167 Pearls, andfurmoimtedof aMound, whereon is a Crofs of Pearls. See Plate xx. of Crowns, &c. Fig. 1. The Crown of the Kings of Great Britain is a Circle of gold, bordered with Ermine enriched with Pearls and precious Stones, and heightened up with four Croffes pattee, and four large Fleurs-de-lis alternatively; from thefe rife four arched Diadems adorned with Pearls, which clofe under a Mound, furmounted of a Crofs like thofe at bottom. See Fig. 2. The Crown oi the Kings in France is a Circle enamelled, adorned with precious Stones, and heightened up with eight arch ed Diadems, that conjoin at the. top under a double Fleur-de-lis, all of gold. See Fig' 3- The Crowns of moft other Kings are Circles of gold, adorned with precious Stones, and heightened up with large Tre foils, and clofed by four, fix, or eight Dia dems, fupporting a Mound, furmounted of a Crofs. M 4 The 168 E L E M ENT S The Great-Turk bears over his arms a Turband, enriched with Pearls and Dia monds, under two Coronets, the fiirft of which is made of piramidical points height ened up with large Pearls, and the upper- moftis furm.punted with Crefcents. See The Pope, or Bifliop oiRome, appropriates to himfelf a Tiara, or long Cap of golden cloth, from which hang two Pendants fringed at both ends ; over this Cap are three Ducal Coronets. Boniface VIII. was the firft who, thro' pride, had thefe three Co ronets placed over his Tiara, to indicate by them that the Pope is the fovereign Priefi, the fiupreme Judge, and the fole Legifiator amongft Chriftians. See Fig. 5. SECT. OF HERALDRY. ,169 SE C T. IL 0/' Coronets. ' j '' H E Coronet of the Prince of Wale's, or eldeft fon of the King of Great Britain, vvas anciently a Circle of gold fet round with four Croffes pattee, and as many Fleurs-de-li§ alternately ; but fince the hap py Reftoration, it has been clofed with one Arch only, adorned with Pearls, and fur mounted of a Mound and Crofs, and bor dered with Ermine like the King's. See Fig- 7. Befides the aforefaid Coronet, his Royal Highnefs the Prince of Wales has another diftinguifhing mark of honour, peculiar to himfelf, called by the vulgar the Prince's Arms, viz. a Plume of three Oftrich Fea thers with an ancient Coronet of a Prince of Wales. Under it, in a fcroll, is this motto, ICH DIEN, which, in the German or old Saxon language, fignifies I ferve. This device was at firft taken by Edward Prince pf Wales, commonly called the Black Prince, after 170 E L E M E N T S after the famous battle of Creffy, 1346, where having, with his own hand, killed John King of Bohemia, he took from his head fuch a Plume, and put it on his own. See Fig. 6. The Coronet of the prefent Dukes of Cumberland, Tork, and Gloucefier, and of all the immediate fons and brothers of the Kings of Great Britain, is a Circle of gold, bordered with Ermine, heightened up with four Fleurs-de-lis, and as many Crofies pattee alternate. See Fig. 8. The Coronet oi the Princefies oi Great Britain, is a Circle of gold, bordered with Ermine, and heightened up with Croffes pattee. Fleurs-de-lis and Strawberry Leaves alternate ; whereas a Prince's Coronet ha? only Fleurs-de-lis and Croffes. See Fig. 9, A Duke's Coronet is a Circle of gold,' bordered with Ermine, enriched with pre cious &ones and Pearls, and fet round with eight large Strawberry or Parfley Leaves, See Figi 10. A Marquis's Coronet is a Circle of gold^ bordered with Ermine, fet round with four Straw- OF HE RAL DRY. 171 Strawberry Leaves, and as many Pearls on pyramidical Points of equal height alternate. See Fig. 11. An Ear^s Coronet is a Circle of gold* bordered with Ermine, heightened up with eight pyramidical Points or Raies, on^ the tops of which are as many large Pearls, and are placed alternately with as many Straw berry Leaves, but the Pearls much higher than the Leaves. See Fig. 12. A Vifcount' s Coronet differs from the pre ceding ones, as being only a Circle of gold bordered with Ermine, with large Pearls fet clofe together on the rim, without any limh:ed number, which is his prerogative above the Baron, who is limited. See Fk' 13- A Baron's Coronet, which was granted by King Charles II, is formed with fix Pearls fet at equal diftance on a gold Circle, bordered with Ermine, four of which only are feen on engravings, paintings, &c. to (hew he is inferior to the Vifcount. See Fig. 14., As lyz E L E M E N;T S As the Crown of the King of Great Bri tain is not quite like that of other Poten tates, fo do moft of the Coronets of foreign Noblemen differ a little from thofe of the Britifli Nobility : as for example, the Coro net df a French Earl is a Circle of gold with eighteen Pearls fet on the brim of it. A French Vifcount's Coronet is a Circle of gold only enamelled, charged with four large Pearls. And a French Baron's Coronet is a Circle of gold enamelled and bound about with a double Bracelet of Pearls. It may be alfo proper to obferve that in France, Marquiffes, Earls; Vifcounts, and Barons, wear their Coronets only on their Coats-of-arms, and not on their heads, as the Britifh Noblemen and their Ladies do at the King's Coronation. SECT. r)^ HERALDRY. 173 SECT. IIL Of Mi T R E s. 'T^ H E Archbijhops and Bijhops oi Eng land and Ireland place a Mitre, over their Coat-of-arms. It is a round Cap pointed and cleft at the top, from which hang two Pendants fringed at both ends* with this difference, that the Bifliop's Mitre is only furrounded with a Fillet of gold^ fet with precious Stones, whereas the Arch- bifhop's iffues out of a Ducal Coronet. See Fig. 15. This Ornament, with other Mafquerade Garments, is ftill worn by all the Arch bijhops and Bijhops of the church of Rome, whenever they officiate with folemnity; but it is never ufed in England, otherwife than on Coats-of-arms, as before men tioned. SECT. 174 ELEMENT S* SECT. IV, Of Helmets. ' I ** H E Helmet was formerly worn as a defenfive weapon, to cover the Bearer's head, and is now placed over a Coat-of- arms as its chief ornament, and the true mark of gentility. There are feveral forts diftinguifhed, ift, by the Matter they are made of; 2dly, by their For;« ; and, 3dly, by their Pofition. . ift. As to the Matter, they are, or rather jw^ere made of,' the Helmets of Sovereigns were of burnifhed gold; thofe of Princes and Lords of filver figured with gold; and thofa of private Gentlemen of polifli- e^fieel. 2dly, As to their Form, thofe of the King *, the Royal Family, and Noblemen ¦ * In France, and other countries, the open Helmet ftanding diredl and without Bars is appropriated to Emperors and Kings, becaufe they are to fee and know all things, and command all without contradic tion; this pofition is in England affigned by all Heralds, except Lei^, to Knights. of Plate joa. of Orwamewts, &c, 2 OF HERALDRY. 17^ t)f Great Britain are open'd-faced and grated, and the number of Bars ferved formerly to diftinguifh the Bearer's quality. The open- faced Helmet without Bars denotes Knights. The clofe Helmet is for all Efquires and Gen tlemen. 3dly, Their Pofition is alfo looked upon as a mark of diftindtion. The grated Helmet in front belongs to fovereign Pririces and Dukes. The grated Helmet in profile is common to all degrees of Peerage under a Duke. The Helmet fianding direB with out Bars, and the Beaver a little open, de notes a Knight. Laftly, the fide -fianding Helmet, with the Beaver clofe, is the way of wearing it amongft Efquires and Gentle men. See Fig. i, 2, 3, 4, inferted in Plate xxi. of the Ornaments. SECT, 176 ELEMENTS SECT. V. Of Man t li n g s. lyr ANTLINGS are pieces of cloth jaggedj or cut into Flowers and Leaves, which now-a-days ferve as an ornamerit for Efcutcheons. They -were the ancient co vering of Helmets to preferve them, or the Bearer, from the injuries of the weather. But Guillim very judicioufly obferves^ that their fhape muft have undergone a great al teration fince they have been out of ufe, and therefore might more properly be termed F/(JMr//Z)/:i^^j- than Mantlings. See the Ex amples annexed to the Helmets reprefented in Plate xxi, qf the Ornaments. The French Heralds affure us, that thefe Mantlings were originally no other than fhort coverings which Commanders wore over their Helmets, to defend their heads from the weather ; and that going in to battles' with them, they often came away with them hanging about them, in a ragged manner, occafioned by the many cuts they had received on their heads, and therefore the OF HERALDRY. 177 the more hacked they were the more honour able they were accounted, as our colours in time of war are the more efteemed for having been fhot thro' in many places. SECT. VI. Of Chapeaux. A Chapeau is an ancient Hat, or rather Cap of dignity worn by Dukes, ge nerally fcarlet-coloured Velvet on the out- fide, lined and turned up with Fur ; of late frequently to be met with above an Helmet, inftead of a Wreath, under Gen- mens or Noblemens Crefts. Heretofore they were feldom to be found, as of right appertaining to private families : but by the grants of Robert Cooke, Clarencieux, and other fucceeding Heralds, thefe, together with Ducal Coronets, are now frequently to be met with in families, who yet claim not above the degree of Gentlemen. See the re prefentation' of the Chapeau, Fig. 5. Plate xxi. N SECT, ¦178 ELEMENTS SECT. VIL Of Wreaths. 'T^HE Wreath is a kind of roll made of two fkains of filk of different colours twifted together, which ancient KnightS wore as a head-drefs when equipped for Tournaments. The colours of the Silk are moft ufually taken from the principal Metal and Colour contained in the Coat-of-arms of the Bearer. They are ftill accounted as one of the leffer Ornaments of Efeutcheons, and are placed between the Helmet and the Creft. See Fig. 6, Plate xxi. SECT. VIIL Of Crests. 'T^H E Crefi is the higheft part of the Ornaments of a Coat-of-arms. It is called Creft from the Latin word Crifia, .which fignifies Comb or Tuft, fuch as many birds have upon their heads, as the Peacock, Pheafant, OF HERALDS. Y. 179 Pheafant, Sec. in allufion to the place oft which it is fixed, Crefts were formerly greater marks of Honour than Coats-of-arms, becaufe they Were only worn by heroes of great valour, or by fuch as were advanced to fome fupe- rior military command, in order that they might be the better diftinguiflied in an en gagement, and tbereby rally their men, if difperfed ; but they are now - a - days con fidered as a meer ornament. The Creft of the Royal atchievement of Great Bri tain is a gardant Lion crowned, as may be feen in Fig. 7, Plate xxi, SECT. IX. Of the ScK OJ.!.. 'T^ H E Scroll is the Ornament placed at the bottom of the Efcutcheon con taining a motto, or fhort fentence, alluding fometimes to the bearings, or the Bearer's name, as in the two following inftances. The motto of the noble Earl of Cholmon- N 2 DELEV x8o ELEMENTS DELEY is Caffts tutiffima virtus. Virtue isf the fafeft Helmet ; on account of two Hel-* mets in the Coat-of-arms. The motto of' the Right Hon. Lord Fortescue is Forte fcutum falus ducum, a ftrong fhield is the fafety of the Commanders ; alluding to the name of that ancient family. Sometimes it has a reference to neither, but expreffes fomething divine or heroic, as that of the Earl of Scarborough, which is Murus cereus confientiafana, a good Confoierice is a wall of brafs. The motto of the Royal Atchievement is Dieu et mon droit, God and my right, introduced by Edward III, 1340, when he affumed the arms and title of King of France, and began to profecute his claim, which occafioned long and bloody wars, fatal, by turns, to both king doms. The motto of the Prince of Wales is Ich Dien, I ferve, the origin of which is mentioned p, 169, SECT. OF HERALDRY. i8i SECT. X. Of Supporters. C Upporters are Figures ftanding on the Scroll, and placed at the fide of the Efcutcheon ; they are fo called, becaufe they feem to fup port or hold up the Shield. The rife of Supporters is traced up to ancient Tourna ments, wherein the Knights caufed their Shields to be carried by fervants under the difguife of Lions, Bears, Griffons, Blacka moors, &c. who alfo held and guarded the Efcutcheons, which the Knights were obliged to expofe to public view for fome time, be fore the Lifts were opened. Supporters have alfo been taken from fuch animals or birds as are born in the Shields, and fometimes they bave been chofen, as bearing fome al lufion to the names of thofe whofe arms they are made to fupport. The Supporters of the Arms of Great Britain, fince King James the firft's acceffion to the throne, are a Lion crowned Or, on the Dexter fide, and a Uni corn Argent, gorged with a Coronet Or, on !<]¦ 2 the il82 .E L.:.IE ;M E N-T S the Sinifter, as it appears .by Fig. 7, Plate xxi. This laft figure reprefents the Coat-of- arms of the King of Great Britain, Royal Atcbievement^t.^s it has, been marfhalledj f^^nce the happy acceffion of King George-l^ 17 1 4, and is blazoned as follows, viz. Arms. garter ly, in, tbe firfi.gr and quarter Mars, three 'Lions fufant gardant in pale Sol, the imperial enfigns of England ; impaled with rStd, a Lion . rampant, .ii^ithin a double trefiure fionpery and counter -fiowery Mars, the Royal Arms of Scotland. The fecond grand quarter is Jupiter, three Fleurs- de-lis Sol, the Arms' of France. The third grand quarter is Jupiter, a [Harp Sol, fring ed Luna, the Enfign of Ireland. The fourth grand quarter is Mars, two Lions paffant gardant in pale Sol, for Bruufwick ; impaled with Sol feme of Hearts proper, a Lion ram pant Jupiter, for Lunenburgh ; with grafted in Bafe Mars, a Horfe current Luna, for ancient Saxony; andin a Shield furtout Mars, the CF HERALDRY. 183 the Crown of Charlemaign Sol, as Archer, treafurer of the Empire ; the whole within a Garter, irfcribed with this motto, Honi SOIT QUI mal y pense, as Sovereign of that noble Order, given by the Founder King Edward 111. Crest. On a Helmet full-faced, grated and fur mounted of a Crown, a Lion gardant, crowned Sol; the mantlings and lining proper tQ a Kjng of Great Britain. Supporters,. On the Dexter fide, a Lion guardant Sal crowned as the Crefi. On the Sinifier fide, an Unicorn Luna, armed, maned and unguled Sol, and gorged with a Collar of Crofies pattee and Fleurs-de-lis, with a chain affixed thereto, refieSiing over the: back and pafiing over the hind legs of the Iqfl, both fianding on a Scroll infiribed with this motto, Dieu. et mon DROIT, from which ifiiie the two Royal Badges ofhis Majefiys chief Dominions, viz. on the Dexter fide a Rofe party per pale Argent and i84 ELEMENTS and Gules, fialked and leaved proper, for England ; and on the Sinifier a Thifile proper, for Scotland; being fo adorned by King Jamesl. upon his fucceeding to the Crown of England . As King of Scotland he bare two Unicorns for his Supporters ; but upon the the union of that kingdom with England, 1603, he introduced one of the above Sup porters on the Sinifter fide of the Royal Atchievement, and which continues to this day. You are to obferve, that bearing Coats- of-arms fupported is, according to the heral- dical Laws of Great Britain, the prerogative; firft, of thofe callediVo^//a majores, viz. Dukes, Marquiffes, Earls, Vifcounts, and Barons ; fecondly, of all Knights of the Garter, tho' they fhould be under the degree of Barons : thirdly, of Knights of the Bath, who both receive on their creation * a grant of Sup- * Thefe Knights, and thofe of the Garter, have not enjoyed fuch privilege from the firft inftitution of their Order, as feveral Coats-of-arms of the firft Knights Companions are reprefented without Sup porters, porters. OF HERALDRY. 185 porters. And, laftly, of fuch Knights as the King chufes to beftow this honour upon, as in the inftance of Sir Andrew Fountain, who was knighted by Philip, Earl of Pembroke, when Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Foun tain being then his Secretary, and on his re turn to England King William granted him Supporters to his Arms, viz. two Griffons Gules and Or. CHAP. i86 ELEMENTS C HAP. VII. Of the Rules or Laws o/'Heraldry. HAVING hitherto treated of the Ef cutcheons, Tindtures, Charges, and Ornaments of Coats-of-arms, I will now prefent the reader with fuch rules for blazon ing the fame, as the ancient ufage and laws of Heraldry have eftabliflied amongft us. The firfi, and moft general, is to exprefs one's felf in proper terms, fo as not to omit any thing that ought to be fpecified, and at the fame time to be clear and concife with out Tautology, II, One muft begin with the Tindture of the Field, and then proceed to the principal Charges * which poffefs the moft honourable place in the Shield ; fuch as Fefs, Chevron, &c. always naming that Charge firft, which * This Rule is obferved in Great -Britain and France ; but the Italians, Spaniards, and fometimes the Germans begin blazoning with the principal Bear ings,' and afterwards name the Tincture of the Field, lies OP H E R A L D R Y. 187 lies next and immediately upon the Field ; as in Example xv. p. 74. III. After naming the Tindure of the Field,, the honourable Ordinaries, or other principal Figures, you muft fpecify their Attributes, and afterwards their Metal, or Colour, as in Example xvi. p, 126. IV. When an honourable Ordinary, orfome one Figure is placed upon another, whether it be a Fefs, Chevron, Crofs, &c. it is al ways to be named after the Ordinary or Figure over which it is placed, with one of thefe expreffions, Surtout, or Over-all, as in Example xx. p. 66. V. In the blazoning of fuch Ordinaries, as 2.re plain, the bare mention of them is fuf ficient ; but if an Ordinary fhould be made of any of the crooked lines contained in p, 23, its form muft be fpecified, that is, whether it be engrailed, wavy, &c. as in Example, i. ii. iii. &c. p, 40, VI, When a principal Figure poffeffes the center of the Field, its pofition is not to be expreffed. i88 ELEMENTS expreffed *, or which amounts to the fame thing, when a Bearing is named, without fpecifying the point where it is placed, then it is underftood to poffefs the middle ofthe Shield; as in Example xvii, p. 143. VII, The number of the points of Mul lets, and the raies of Stars, muft be fpecified when more than five ; and alfo if a Mullet, or any other Charge, be pierced, it muft be mentioned as fuch, to diftinguifh it from what is plain ; as in Example xiii. and xiv, p. 116. VIII. When a ray of the Sun, or other fingle Figure, is born in any other part of the Efcutcheon than the Center, the point it iffues from muft be named, as in Exam- ample ii, and iii, p. 1 14. IX. The natural colour of Trees, Plants, Fruits, Birds, &c. is no otherwife to be expreffed in blazoning, but by the word * This muft not be underftood of Bearings placed in the manner of a Pale, Bend, Fefs, &c, for the Figure muft be faid to be in Pale, in Bend, in Fejs, or Paleways, Bendways, &c, as in Example xvi, p. 163. proper, Pla te THEXxn. of Dispositions. W><^ r lO 12 13 14 -14 OF HERALDRY. 189 proper, as in Examples ii. iv. v. and vii. p. 138; but if difcoloured, that is, if they vary from their natural colour, it muft be particularized; as in Example i. ii. &c. p. 123. X. When there are many Figures of the fame Species born in a Coat-of-arms, their number muft be obferved as they ftand, and diftindtly expreffed, as in Example i. p. 148. But for the better underftanding of this laft rule, I have inferted a Plate oi the dff'e- rent Difpofitions of Figures, wherein they are properly reprefented, viz. Two, may be ranged in Pale, in Fefs, &c. See Fig. I and 2. Three, may be 2 and i, as alfo in Bend, &c. See Fig. 3 and 4. Four, are placed 2 and 2, or cantoned, as in Fig. 5. Five, I, 3, I, in Crofs, or 2, i, 2, in Saltier. See Fig. 6 and 7. Six, 3, 2, I, in Pile, or 2, 2, 2, Pale- ways. See Fig. 8 and 9. Eight, in Orle, or on a Bordure. See Fig. 10. Nine, 190 E L E M E N ^T S - Nine, 3, 3, 3, Barways, or 3, 3, 2, i, in Pile. See. Fig. 11 and 12. Ten, 4, 3, 2, I, Pile; or elfe 4, 2, 4, Barways. See Fig. 13 and 14.: Twelve, are placed 4, 4, 4, Barways-. See Fig. 15. , There are other pofitions called Irregular, as for Example, when three Figures, which 'are naturally placed 2 and i, are difpofed I and 2, &c. It muft alfo be obferved, that when the Field is ftrewed with the fame Figures, this is expreffed by the word feme; but, according to a French Armorift 's opi nion, if the Figures ftj-ewed on the Field are whole ones, it muft be denoted by thefe, words fans nombre ; whereas, if part of them is cut off at the extremities of the Efcut cheon, the word fime' * or femi is then to be ufed. * This word, like moft others in Heraldry, is bor rowed from the French', and rignifies feeded, Jire-wed, or fcattered; but fome Englifli Heralds, either thro' want of underftanding the language it is derived from, or in order to find a Conformity between the name of the CHAP. OF HE RALDRY. 191 CHAP. VIII. Of Marshalling Coats-Of-arms. BY marfhalling Coats-of-arms is to be underftood the art of difpofing divers of them in one Efcutcheon, and of diftri- buting their contingent Ornaments in pro per places. Various caufes may occafion Arms to be thus conjoined, which J. Guillim com- prifes under the two following heads, viz. Manifest and Obscure. What this learned and judicious Herald tneans by manifefi Caufes in the marfhalling of Coats-of-arms, are fuch as betoken Mar riages, or a Sovereign's Gift, granted either thro' the fpecial favour of the Prince, or Figure it is appropriated to, fuppofe its Etymology to ¦be from the Latin word Semis, the half of a thing, tho' there is often but part of one Figure or two cut ofi^, and not the half of all the Figures, as the word imports. or 192 ELEMENTS or for fome eminent fervices, Concernlhg Marriages you are to make the following' obfervations. I. When the Coats-of-arms of a married couple, defcended of diftindt families, arc to be put together in one Efcutcheon, the Field of their refpedtive Arms is conjoined Paleways, and blazoned parted per Pale, Ba ron and Femme, two Coats; firfi, &c. in which cafe the Baron's arms are always to be placed on the Dexter fide, and the Femme's arms on the Sinifter fide, as in 'Fig. i and 2, P/i3:^^ xxiii. of Arms marfisalled ; which are, viz. Figure ift. The Coat-of-arms of the Rev. Dr. Edward Barnard, firft Mafter of Eton School, &c. impaled with that of S. Haggatt, his late Spoufe. Figure 2d, The Coat-of-arms of the Rev. Dr. Thomas Dampier, fecond Mafter of Eton School, &c. impaled with that of F. Walker, his Spoufe. li a Widower marry again, his late and prefent Wife's arms are, according to G. Leigh, " to be both placed on the Sinifter " fide. PDATI: TxiEXXM^aF..4RMSMAMSIIAIA^Ii 6F tl ERALDRY. 193 *" fide, in the Efcutcheon with hiis oWn, " and parted per Pale. The firft Wife's " Coat fliall ftand on the Chief, and the *' fecond on the Bafe ; or he may fet them ^* both in Pale with his own, the firft *' Wife's Coat next to himfelf, and his " fecond uttermoft. If he fhould marry *' three Wives, then the two firft matches " fliall ftand X)n the Chief, and the third " fliall have fc whole Bafe. And if he " take a fourth Wife, fhe muft participate '* one half of the Bafe with the third Wife; ** and fo will they feem to be fo many Coats " quartered." But you muft obferve, that thefe forms df -impaling are meant -of he reditary Coats, whereby the Hufoand ftands in expeftation of having the hereditary pof feffions of his Wife united to his patrimony. II. In the Arms of Femmes joined to the paternal Coat of the Baron, the proper Dif- rences by which they were born by the fathers of fuch women, muft be inferted. III. If a Coat-of-arms that has a Bor dure be impaled with another, as by mar riage, then the Bordure muft be wholly O omitted i94 ELEMENTS omittedihthe Dexter fideof the; Shield parted per Pale, which contains the Wife's Arms. I v. The perfon that marries an Heirefs,- inftead of impaling his Arms with thofe of his Wife, .is to bear them in an Efcutcheon placed in tjie Center ofhis Shield, aind which,- on account of its fhewing forth his preten fion to her lands, is called zn.Efcutcheon of Pretence: but the children are to bear the hereditary Coats-of-arms of their Father and Mother quarterly, and fo tranfmit them to Pofterity. V. If a Lady of Quality marry a private Gentleman, or one inferior to her rank; their Coats-of-arms are not to be conjoined Paleways, as thofe of Baron and Femme, but muft be fet afide of one another in two fepa- rate Efcutcheons, and the Lady's Arms ornamented according to her Title, See Fig. 4 and 5, which reprefent . the Coats-of- arms of General Ch. Montagu, and Lady Eliz. Villiers, Vifcountefs Grandison. VI. Archbifhops and Bifhops impale their Arms differently from the fore-mentioned Coats, in giving the place of honour;, that is. OF HERALDRY, 195 is>' the Dexter fide to the Arms of their dig nity, as it is expreffed in Fig. 6, the Coat-of- arms of Dr, Philip Yonge, Lord Bifhop of of Norwich, It may be obferved of thefe above Prelates, that they' thus bear their Arms parted per Pale to denote their beino knit to their Ca- thedral Church, in a fort of fpiritual mar riage. With refpedt to fuch armorial enfigns as the Sovereign thinks fit to augment a Coat- of-arms with, they may be marfhalled va rious ways, as may be feen by the Arms of his Grace the Duke of Rutland, inferted in Plate the viii. Fig. 19. and the Example contained in Plate the xii. Fig. 11. , To thofe augmentations may be added ; Firft, the Baronet's mark of diftind tion, or the Arms of the province of Ulfier, in Ireland, granted and made hereditary in the male line by King James I. who eredt ed this dignity on the 22d Day of May, 161 1, in the ninth year of his reign, in order to propagate a plantation in the fore- mentioned province. This mark is Argent, 0 2 a finifier t96 ELEMENTS a finifier Hand couped at the Wrifi Gules f which may be born either in a Cdnton, or in an Efcutcheon, as the Bearer pleafes. See Fig. 3, Plate xxiii. which reprefents the Coat-6f-arnis of Sir William Lorrayne, a Minor. ' ^ 2dly, The ancient and refpedtable Badge of the moft noble Order of the Garter, in- ftituted'by King Edward III. 1349, in the twenty- feventh year of his reign, and Which, ever fince its inftitution, has been looked upon as a great honour beftowed on the nobleft perfons of this nation and other countries. This honourable augmentation is made to furround, as with a Garter, the Arms of fuch Knights; and is infcribed with this Motto, Honi soit qui mal y pense: See Fig. 7, which reprefents the Coat-of- arms of the Right Hon, George Montagu, Earl of Cardigan, Baron Brudenel of Stanton- Wivil, Conftable and Lieutenant of Windfor-cafile, Knight of the moft noble order of the Garter and Baronet, Prefident of St. Luke's Hofpital, and F- R, S. This OF HERALDRY, 197 This Nobleman, whofe arms were Pearl, a Chevron Ruby between fhree Morions proper, has, fince the deceafe qf John Dulfe of Montagu, , t^en the name and Arms of Montagu, on account of his being married to Lady Mary Montagu, youngeft daughter, and one of the coheireffes ofhis Grape, So far the caufes for marfhalling divers Arms in one Shield, &c. are manfcfi i As to fuch as are called obfcure, that is, when Coats-of-arms are marfhalled in fuch a man- per that no probable reafon can be given why they are fo conjoined, they muft be left to Heralds to explain, as being the propereft perfons to unfold thefe, and other myfteries of this Science, O c? CHAP. 198 ELEMENTS CHAP. IX. Of Precedency, TH E Order of Precedency to be ob-^ ferved in England, as fettled" by A,dt of Parliament, Henry VIII, 1539, and by feveral Rules of the Earl Marfhal's Court of Honour, is as follows : The King, and Princes of the Blood. Thefollowingprecede all Dukes by the fame AB. Archbifhop of Canterbury, Lord Chancellor, or Keeper, Archbifhop of York. Lord Treafurer. Lord Prefident. Lord Privy-Seal. Thefe by the fame AB precede all of their own Degree. Lord Great Chamberlain of England. Lord Marfhal of England. Lord High-Admiral. Lord StewaiTd of the Houfhold. Lord Chamberlain of the Houfhold. Secretaries of State. Then, OF HERALDRY. 199 Then, according to their refpeBive Creations. Dukes.Marquiffes. Dukes eldejl Sons. Earls. Marquifles eldefi Sons. Dukes youngqf Sons. Vifcounts. Earls eldefi Sons. \ ^•axc^iSesyoinngerSons,.Bifhops, Barons,Speaker of the Houfe of Commons, Vifcounts eldefi Sons, Earls younger Sons. Barons eldefi Sons. Knights ofthe Garter, Commoners. Privy Counfellors, Com- jnoners. Chancellor of the Ex chequer. Q^iei]\&ioftheKin^s Bench. Mafter of the Rolls. Chief Juftice of the Common-Pleas. Chief Baron ofthe Enf- chequer. Juftices and Barons in the Courts of Law. Vifcounts younger Sons. ^%rons younger Sons. Baronets. Knights ofthe Bath. Field i2:«JFlag- Officers . Knights Batchelors. Mafters in Chancery. Dodtors graduate. Serjeants at Law, Efquires. Gentlemen. Citizens, Burgeffes. O Errata. E R R A T A« Page. Line. 15. 23 Fenne 2,3 — II Engrailed 23 - -- 12 Invedted 69--- 19 Qrefant \ Tenne- J Invedted / EngrailedCrefcent: DICTIONARY OFTHE TECHNICAL TERMl EXP L.A NATION Of the Abbreviations ufed in this Dictionarv, / ^ '' fubjianttvei a. a^etlive. V. verb. P- particle. P- page. Fig- , ftands for< Figure. Pi Plat?. Bp. Bilhop, Archp. Archbifliop, i, e, id eft or that is to fay. V. . ^ Vide or fee for. 1^^^-^^<^ t^-i^^^^-1^^^'1^' :S»^ PICTIQNARY CONTAINING, A clear and concife Explanation of all the Technica Terms made ufe of in the foregoing Treatife of Her^dry, with References to the Arms, Charges and other Purpofes they are applied to. A L ABAtEMENT, / An accidental figure fup pofed to have been added to Coats-of-arms, in order to denote fome dif- honourable demeanor or ftain, whereby the dignity of the Coat-Armour was rendered of lefs efteern. See Addorsed, a. The cor ruption of the French word adafe, and fignifies born or fet back to back ; fee Plate XV. Fig. II. and alfo Plate xviii. Fig. i6. < Alternate, a. Word ufed to denct3 the pofition of Quarterings, Partitions, and other Figures, that anfwerone another by turns. See p. 170. A N Amethy,st, / The name of a precious Stone ufed inftead of Purpure, in blazoning the Arms of the Englijh Nobility only. See p. 15 andiy., , It is atranf- parent Stone, of a violet colour, arifing from a mix ture of red and blue. Annulet, f. A ring or little circle, born as a Charge in Coats-of-arms, as alfo added to them as z Differ renee. See p, 32 and Plate iv. Fig. 5 ; as alfo Plate xi. Fig. 10. ..TheAncientsufed it to fignify Servitude ; but among the Romans it re prefented Liberty and No bility. It alfo denotes Strength and Eternity by reafon of its circular form. Arch- A R A U Archbishop, f. The name ^of a church dignitary of the firft clafs. There are but two now in Eng land, viz-, thofe Q^ Canter - bnry and Tork, The Arch-i bifhop of Canterbury is the firft Peer of England, next to the Royal Family : He writes, hirnfelf, by Divine Providence, and has, the Title of Grace given him, as to Dukes ; and likewife jMoJ} Reverend Father in God. He is ftili^d the Primate of all England, and Metro politan.— The Archbifliop of York has Precedence of Dukes and great officers of State, e?ccept the Lord Chancellor ; his Title is Grace ar^d Moji Reverend Father in God, and writes himfelf as Bifhops do,, by Divine Permijpon. He is ftiled Primate of England and Metjropolitan. Argent, f. The com mon French word for Silver, of which metal all wiiite fields or charges, are fup pofed to confift. . See Plate u. Fig. z. . . . According to La Colomljtcre, it fignifies Purity, Innocence, Beauty, and Genteelnefs. Armed, a. This word is ufed to ejfprefsthe Horns, Hoofs, Bea^, or Talons of r.ny B.eaft or Bird of prey, v/hcu born of a different TiniElure frpm thofe of their bodies. See, p., 159, Ex, ample 5. ' . ,, Armorist, / A perfon fkilled in the knowledge of Armory, Armory,/ One branch of Heraldry, confifting in the kjaowledge of Coats-pf-. arms, as to their Blazons and various purpofes. Armour, V Coatt Armour. Arms, / Word derived from the Latin arma, and which fignifies in Heraldry, a badge or mark of Honour, ferving to diftinguifh States, Cities, Families, &c. See p. 2 and 6. Atchievement,/. The Coat-of-arms of a perfon, or family, with all the exterior Ornaments of the Shield, together with all the Quar terings which the faid per fon, or family, may have ac^ quired by alliances, &c. fo marfhalled in their ojrder as the Science direfts. See Plate xxi. Fig. 7. Attired, a. is faid of the Horns of Stags or Bucks when of adifFerentTinfture frpm their Bodies or Heads, See p. 137, Example 19.. Augmentation,/ This word fignifies in l^eraldry a particular mark of Honour, granted by the Sovereign, in confideration of fome noble S A rtoble action, or out of fa:- vour, either quartered with the family-arms, "or born on an Efcutcheon, a Can ton, &c. See Plate ix. Fig. i6. . ' Azure, /. A French word ufed to exprefs ¦ blue. In engraving^ this colour Is denoted by lines drawn from the dextfer: to the finifter fide, and parallel to the Chief. See Plate ii. Fig. 4. . . . According to ancient Heraldsj this colour fignifies Juftice, Perfeverance, and Vigilance, B BAitDED, a. This is faid of any thing tied round with a Band, and is applied, in the foregoingTreatife, to heads bound round. See Plate xiv. Fig. 18 and 20. Banner, / A Fl^g or Streamer born at the end of a Lance. Banneret, / An an cient military order, faid to have been firft ufed in Eng land, in the time of King Edwardl. Seep. 11. This wasa very honourable order, as it was never conferred but upon forrie heroic aftion performed in the field, whereas other Orders have frequently been beftowed for favour, or other meaner motives. B A Bar, / One ofthe hoii- ourable Ordinaries, defirie'ci p. 57, ahd reprefented iri Plate viii. Fig. 13, i^j'.&c. Barry, a. This word is ufed to denote ^ Field di vided tranfverfe Into feveral equal parts,. £tnd confifting .of two different Tinfture^ interchangeably difpofed. See Plate viii. Fig: 20. Barrulet,/ One of the Diminutives of the Bar. See p. 57. Barbed, a^ Tho' this term alludes to fomething that is either bearded, or has the appearanceof abeard, yet it is applied to Rofes, aS in p.- 89J Example 8 ; atld p. 145, Example 17. Baron, / The lowefl title of Peerage in Great^ Britain and Ireland. A Baron is fometimes made by Writ, being thereby called up tb fit in the Hpufe of Lords ; but ufually by Patent. His title is Right Honourable, his Mafttle has two doublings, arid his Co ronet has fix Pearls upon the Circle, four of which are ufually reprefented in Paintings or Engravings. See Plate -ax. Fig. IJ^. Baron and Femme, Terms to be ufed, accord ing to Guillim, in blazoning the Arms of a Man and his Wife B E Wife marflialled together. See p.' 192. Base, / The bottom' or lower part of the Shield. See p. 12, Letters G. H. I. B'ATow, Batune, Bas- ton, / This is a French word, fignifying a Staff or Cudgel, which fhould be fpelt Baton, but isj by moft Englifh writersj corruptly fpelt as above. It is gene rally ufed as a Rebatement on Coats-of-arms, to de note Illegitimacy. See p. 56, and Plate vii. Fig. 20. Battering-rams, / Engines much in ufe among the Ancients,* before Gun powder was invented, for beating down the walls of the -places they befieged. See Plate xviii. Fig. 2. Battle-axe, / A fort of weapon formerly ufed in war. See Plate xvi'ii. Fig. S. Battlements, / The interftices on Caftle-walls -or Towers. See Plate xviii. Fig. 12. Beaked,- a. is faid of any Bird whofe Bill is of a different Tindture from the Body. See Plate xxiii. Fig. 7. Bearing, V. Charge. Beaver, / This term is ufed in Heraldry to fignify that part of the Helmet which defends the Sight; B I fee p. 175, and Plate xxi., Example 3' and 4, Belled, a. Having BeHs j- fee p. 140. Bend, / One of the honourable Ordinaries de-^ fined, p, 50^ and repre fented in Plate ii. Fig. i, 2, &c, Bend-Jinifter, is thatwhich comes from the finifter to the dexter fide of theShield ; fee Plate \ii. Fig. 16.' In Bend/, is when things born in Arms are placed obliquely,- from the dextef Chief to the finifter Bafe, as the Bend lies. See Plate xxii. Fig. 4. Bendlet,/ One ofthe Diminutives of the Bend ; fee p. 50, and Plate viii. Fig. 7. Bendy, a. This word ferves to denote a Field di vided diagonally into feve ral parts, and varying in Metal and Colour ; fee Plate vii. Fig. 10. Besants, or Bezants, / Thefe were the current Coin of old Byzantium, now called Conjiantinople, and fuppofed to have beenin^ troduced into Coats-of-arms by thofe who were at the Holy-war. See p. 18, and Plate ii. Fig. 10, Bishops, / Church Dignitaries ; they are Ba rons B O tens of the realmv and have Precedence next to the Vifcounts; they hav-e the title of Lords and Right Re verehd Fathers in God: There are twenty-four Bifhops in^ England, befides that, of Sodor ahd Man, who has Xio feat ih the Houfe of Peers, Blazon, / This word is ufed, either to denote the Drawing of Coats-of'-afmsi or to expound them. It is derived, as Mr. Nisbet, an ingenious Scotch Author ph|erves, in his Treatife upon Cadency, from the German word Blafen, which figpifies the blowing of a HQrn,;and introduced, as a term in Heraldryj from an ancient cuftom the Heralds, who were Judges, had of blowing or winding a Horn at Jufts and TournamentSj when they explained and recorded the Atchievements bf the Knights fporters. To Blazon, v. To explain in proper terms all that belongs to Coats-of- arins. , Blazonry, / The Art of defcribing properly Coats- of-afms. . .Bordure, or Border,/ The firft the French, the latter the Englijh name, de fined p. 26, and reprefented in Plate iii. C Aj Botonny, a. , This i* faid of a Crofs which ter-i ininates at each end in tbtee Bftds or Buttons; Jee Fh x. Fig. 9, ^ Braced, a. This word i is applied to twp^ Figures of the fame fort, interlacing one anotheti See PL xiv. Pig- 13-' . Erased or, Brazed, a. This term, which is de rived from the French wotd Bras i.e. arm, is ufed in He raldry to defcribe three Chevronels, interlaced in the Bafe of the Field. See p. 76, Example 19, and PI. ixi Fig. ig. Buckler, v. Shield. . Bugle-horns, / An inftrument of wind-mufick made of Horn, See PL ix. Fig. 8. CAboched or Cabosh- ED, a. Term derived from Caboche, a French word, fignifying a Head ; it is faid of Beafts heads, born without any part, of the neck, and full-faced. See Plate xvi. Fig.' 16. Canton,/ The French word for corner; it is a fquare figure, lefs than a Quarter, and placed at one of the upper Angles of the Shield ; fee PL ix. Fig. 16. . Cercelee, C H d L Cercelee,' V. Rtcik- celee. Chapeau-, / The cohi- mbri French Wbt-d for a Hat ; but it is taken in Heraldry for an ancient Cap of Dig nity-, formerly worn by DukeSi, being fcarlet co loured Velvet in theoutfide, and lined with Furs ^s re prefented in PVat'e xxi. Fig. 5. Chaplet,/ An ancient Ornament for the Head, like a Garfand or Wfeath ; but this Word is frequently ufed to fignify the Circle of a Crown. Charge,/ The Figures or Bearings contained irt an Efcutcheon. See p. 37. It is faid that many Charges in one Field are not ac counted fo honourable as fewer. Charged^ a. Shields or Ordinaries carrying fome Figure^ are fometimes faid to be charged therevvith. Checky, or Cheque, a-. is faid of fmskll Squares of two colours, .fpread alter nately over a Field or Or dinary. See PL vii. Fis;. 2 j as alfo PL ix. Fig. 8. This is always corripofed of Me tal and Colour : and, ac cording to La Colombiere, is the moft noble and hloft an cient Figure born in Ar moury, and ought to be given to none but valiant warriors. Chevron, or Cheve-s RON, / One of tfthe hon ourable Ordinaries, defined p. 67, and reprefented in Pl.ix. Fig. I, 2, 3, &c. Chevronel, Ji The Ditninutive of Chevron ; fee Plate ix; Fig. 17; . Chief,/ One of the honourable Ordinaries de-« fined p. 39, and defcribed in Plate v. Figi i, 2, 3, &rcj Chimerical, a. Epi thet given to Figui^s that have no other exiftence but in the imagination ; fuch as are contained in Plate xix. Clarencieux, V.King, Clarions, / Theffe are- thought to have been a fort of Trumpet : fometimes they are taken for the Rud ders of Ships, and fome times for fhe Refts of Lances^ by which laft name they are moft generally known ; fee Plate xviii. Fig. 9. Clinched, a. This term is ufed to denote the Fift being fhut in fuch a manner, as to fhew the Fingers doubly bent ; fee Plate xiv. Fig. . 19 . Close, a. This word is ufed to exprefs the clofe bearing of fuch Birdswihgs^ as are addidied to flight; fee PL xyiii. Fig. 2. Clofe- C Q Clofe-girt, is faid of Fi gures habited, whofe cloaths are tied about the middle ; fee Plate xix. Fig. i. Closet, / The Dimi nutive of theBar ; fee p. 57. COAT-A^MOV^I, / The military garment which the Knights of old wpre over their Arniour, and which is ftill continued in ufe among Heralds at their ceremo nials. *^* Thefe Coats were hung lofe, and frequently variegated by feveral Lifts of different colours alter nate, placed various ways, either Quarterly, Wavy, &c. CoAT-OF-ARMS,/ This expreffion has the fame ety mology as Coat-Armour, and, is frequently ufed in ftead of the word Arms; iee p. 5. Collared, a. Having a Collar, feeP/. xv. Fig, 12. Combatant, a. A French word, fignifying fighting ; fee Plate xv. Fig. JC. Complement,/ is faid of the Moon, when at her full ; fee Plate xiji. Fig. 5. Compony, a. Word ap plied to a Bordure, Pale, Bend, or other Ordinary, made up of Squares, of al ternate Metals and Colours; fee:Plate iii. Fig. 8. c o Conjoined, a^ joined together; (ee Plate xiv. Fig. 9 and 12. . Cony, / -A, young rabit; fee Plate xvi. Fig. 1 1. Coronet, / An infe rior Crown worn by Princes, Dukes, Marquiffes, Earls, Vifcounts, ahd Barons ; fee Plate XX. Fig. 7, 8, 9, &c. Cost, or l One of the Cotice,/ 3 the Diminu tives ofthe Bend ; fee p, 50. it is feldom born but in couple, with a Bend between them ; fee Plate vii. Fig. 15,. whence I fuppofe it may derive its narne from the French word Co/ie or Cote, which fignifies a fide, they being as it were placed upon the fides ofthe Bend. CoTjCED, ori This term CoTisED, a. 1 is ufed by Englifh Heralds to exprefs any thing that is accofted, fided, or accompanied by another ; fee Plate vii. Fig. 15- Couchant, a. Term borrowed from the French, exprefEng the pofture of any Animal that is lying on his belly, but with his head lifted up ; fee Plate XV. Fig. 14, Count, V. Earl, Counter, p. This Par ticle is generally ufed in compofition, and fignifies P either C R C R either contrary-ways or in op. pofition to ; as in the follow ing Examples, Counter-changed, a. This word denotes the in termixture, or oppofition of any Metal with a Colour ; {eePlate xii, Fig. i-j, i8, &c. Counter - flory, a. This is faid of a Treffure, whofe Flower-de-luce are oppofite to others ; fee Plate xix. Fig. 7, Counter -passant, a. This is faid of two Beafts pafEng the contrary way to each other ; fee Plate xv. Fig. 12, Counter -saliant, a. This expreflion denotes two Animals leaping diffe rent ways to each other; fee Plate xvi. Fig. 9. Couped, a. From the French ^^apecut; i.e.itisfaid of the Head, or any Limb cut off from the body quite fmooth , as in Plate xiv. Fig. 5, 6, 18, and 20. It is alio ufed to denote fuch Croffes, Bars, &c. as do not touch the fides of the Efcutcheon. CouPLE-CLosE, / One ¦of the Diminutives of the Chevron ; fee p. 67, and Plate'ix. Fig. ig and 20. Crenelle, a, Wordbor- rowed from the French, and ufed in Heraldr}', to exprefs the out-liues of any Ordinary or other Charge'^ drawn like the battlements of ancient walls and towers ; fee p, 23, and Plate vii* Fig. 6, Crescent,/ The Half.^ moon with its Horns turned upwards ; fee Plate Xiii< Fig.g, 10, &c. Crest, / The Figure placed above the Helmet iri an Atchievement ; fee p. 178, and Plate xx-i. Fig. 7. Crested, a. Is faid of a Cock, or other Bird whofe Creft is of a different Tinc ture ; fee Plate xix. Fig. 8. Crined, a. This is faid of an Animal whofe hair is of a different Tindure from his body ; fee p. 161, Ex ample 9. Crosier, / The pafto- ral StafF of a Bifhop ; fee Plate xviji. Fig. 15. Croslet, / A Crofs crofled again at a fmall diftance ffom each of the ends 5 fee Plate x. Fig. lO and II, y Cross, / One of the Honourable Ordinaries de fined p, 78, and repreftJnted in Plate x. Fig. i, 2, 3, Sec Crown,/ An Ornament of the Head, which denotes imperial and regal dignity . fee Plate xx. Fig. i, 2, &c. Crusades, / Wars a- gainft the Infidels; fee p, 4, D.^^.'CETTE, P E D r D DAncette, a. A large fort of indenting, be ing wider and deeper than chat called Indented ; fee p. 23, and Plate vii. Fig. i. Debruised, a. Term ufed to denote the re!l:raint of any Animal, who is de barred of its natural free dom, by any of the Ordi naries being laid over it ; fee Plate viii. Fig. 18- Decrescent, or 7 This Decressant, a. j isfaid of a Moon in its wane, whofe horns are turned to the finifter fide ofthe Efcut- 'cheon ; fee Plate xiii. Fig. 6. Detriment, / The Moon is faid to be in her Detririient when eclipfed; fee Plate xiii. Fig. 8. Demi, or 7 This Parti- Demy, /. X cle is always joined to a Subftantive, and its fignification is half; as a Demi-lion, i.e. half a Lion ; fee Plate xv. Fig. Device, / Emblem or Hieroglyphic, exprefling fome hidden myftery. Thefe were much in ufe amongthe Egyptians, and ferved in ftead of writing ; of latter times they are more ufed with the addition of a JHotto to explain their figriification, which otherwife would of ten be unintelligible. Devouring, V. Vo-; rant. Dexter, a. Word ufed in Heraldry to fignify the Right fide of any thing ; as the Dexter Chief is the right Angle of the Chief, repre fented by Letter A. p, 12, Diadem, / This was either a Wreath pf white or purple cloth, in the nature of the prefent Turkijh Tur bans : or elfe a Circle of gold with points rifing from them, like thofe of fome Coronets at this time, wore by ancient Kings as the token of Royalty, It is now frequently ufed to fig nify the Circles, which clofe on the top the Crowns of Sovereigns, and fupport the Mound. DiAMOND,/The hardefl and moft valuable of all the precious Stones, which is ufed by Englifh Heralds to denote the Colour Black or Sable, in blazoning the Arms of the Nobility ; fee p, 15 and 17. Difference, / Term given to a certain Figure added to Coats-of-arms, ferving to diftinguifh one family from another, and to fhew how diftant younger Branches are from the elder or principal Branch ; fee from p. 25 to P 2 DiMI- D O D U , Diminution-, •/ Word ' fometimes ufed inftead of Difference'; fee p. 33 and 35- Displayed, a. This word is faid of a Bird, &c. whofe wings ate fpread or expanded; ¦A.^.'Un.piatexvn Fig. I. and Plate xix. Fig. 7. DooMsday-book, / is that wherein a general fur- vey of the whole kingdom of England, With a Jift of •all its inhabitants, their yearly income, and the value of all the lands there in, was took dowp, by or der, of .William the Con- .queror ; which book is kept to this ,day ih th-e King's E.xchequel-, atWeftminfter. Dormant, tf.TheFrench word ioT Jleeping., ufed to de- ifiote the pofture of a Lion, or any other beaft afleep; fee Plate xv. Fig. 15. DoUBLR - headed, a. Having two heads ; fee PL XV. Fig. 9. Double.; TRESSURE, / Two TrefTures or Orles one withih the other ; fee PI. xii. Fig, 8, Doublings, / The li nings of Robes of State ; as alfo the rows of Fur fbt on the Mantles of Noblemen. Dovetail,/ Term ufed in Heraldry to denote a kind of Partition wherein the two different Tinftures are fet within ont another, in fuch a manner-,- as to re prefent the forrti ofthe tails of Doves oV Wedges re verfed ; fee PL vi. Fig, g.. Dragon, / An imagi nary Monfter, fuppofed by foine Hiftorians to'be a ter- -reftrial Anirrial with two -fore-feet, two wings, and a Sefpent's tail ; fee PL xix, F'lg.- II, 16, and 19. :¦ Draggn's-head,/ Part of a' celeftial conftellarion, afligned by EngUJl) Heralds, to exprefs the Colour, Terine, in blazoning th« Arriis of Sovereigns ; fee p. .1^ arid 18, Dragon's-tail,/ Part of the laft mentibned con- ftellation, alfo appointed by the fame Heralds to ftand for the Colour Sanguine ; fee Page 15 and 18. Ducal, a. Pertaining to a Duke, Duke, / The higheft degree of Britijh Peerage, next to thePrince of Wales, This title is derived from the Latin word Dux ; No blemen being antiently ei ther Generals and Leaders of Armies in time of War, or Governors of Provinces in time of Peace. In pro cefs of time gi-eat Eftates being annexed to it, then it was held by lands ahd fees, and at length made hereditary. e; a tieredftary, It W9.s fo in '. foreign countries fooner than in England ; for the iirft Duke created here was Edward, commonly called the Blatk Prinze, eldeft fon to £ing Edward III. who created iiim Duke of Cornr Vtally which title has ever fince belonged to the firft born fons of the Kings of pngland, without any other creation, as isrequifite to give them tb£ title of Prince ' pf Wales, A Duke is at this day created by Patent ; his Mantle has four Doubr lings ; his. title is. Grace, and his Coronet has only Jyeaves raffed ^bove the Circle without Pearls i fee Plate XX. Fig, lO. EAgle,/ a royal Bird; fee p. 138, and Plate xvii. Fig. I. Eaglet, /. A young Eagle. Earl, / The third de gree of Britijh Peerage, an ciently the moft eminent of this nation. It was former ly the cuftom upon creating. an EarJ to affign him, for ^he fupport of his State, the third penny out of the Sheriff's court, iffuing out of the Pleas of the Shire whereof they had their title ; as heretofore there were no E N Counts or Ekrls, but had a county or fhire for his Earlt- dom : afterwards the num- ber of Earls increafing, they took their title from. fome eminent toWn, or even a. village, their own feat or park; and fome from il* luftrious families. , He is created by Patent, his Mantle has three Doublings of Ermine ; his title is Right Honourable ; his Co ronet has the Pearls raifed upon pyramidical Points and Leaves low between; fee Plate XX, Fig, 12. Emblematic, a. This word isfaid of aiiy thing comprifing an Emblem. Embowed, a, Is faid of any thing that is bent, or crooked like a Bow ; fee Plate xvii, Fig, g. 'Emerald,/ The name of a precious Stone fubfti- tuted inftead of Fert by Englifh Heralds in blazon ing the Arms of the Nobi- litjr; fee p. 15 and 17. . . . It is a green fhining tranf- parent gem, and has a very agreeable appearance.. Enaluron, / Word ufed by Guillim to exprefs a Bordure charged with eight Birds ; as : charged with Enaluron of Martlets; "but juftly condemned by Sir George Macken-zie, faying it proceeded from an igno rance E N E S ranee of the French tongue, and thereby corrupting their en orle, i. e. in form of a Bordure ; therefore it is bet ter to omit it at all times ;. fee page 2g. Example 12. En-Arriere, p. Ex- prefSon borrowed from the French, to fignify any crea ture born with its back to ' view ; fee Plate xvii. Fig. 14. Endorse, / One ofthe Diminutives of the Pale ; fee Plate vi. Fig. zj and 19. Endorsed, V. Ad dorsed, Engrailed, a. This word is faid of Bordures or Ordinaries, having little Arches, or Semi - circles ftruck out of them, which is the reverfe of invented; fee p, 23, and Plate ix. Fig. ID and II. Enhansed, a. Term ap plied to Bearings placed above their ufual fituation ; fee p. 53, Example 7. Ensigned, <7, This term fignifies ornamented, and is ufed in the foregoing trea tife, p. 121, Example 16. Entoyre, a. Term de rived either from the French entour, round about, or from entier, entire ; but let that be as it will, it is very feldom' met with in books of Heraldry, efpecially mo dern ones; Guillim ufes it to exprefs a Bordure charged with eight inanimate things; fee p. 29, Example 12. Enurny, h?. Word pro bably derived from the French orne, ufed by fome Heralds, to exprefs a Bor dure charged with eight living Creatures of any kind ; fee p. 29, Exam. 12. Erazed, or 7 This word Erased, a. J fignifies in Heraldry, a thing torn or plucked off from the part to which nature fixed it, but chiefly of the head and limbs of a man or beaft; fee Plate ix, F'lg. 1 1 . and Plate xiv. Fig. 8 and 17. Erect, or 1 Is faid of Erected, a. i any thing upright, or perpendicularly elevated ; Plate xiv. Fig. 6 and 7. and Plate xvi. Fig. 6. Ermine, / This word alone fignifies black fpots on a white Field ; fee Plate ii. Fig. II. and p. 20. but if the word plain fhould be ufed with it, it denotes nothing but white. Ermines, / The re verfe of Ermine, i. e. white fpots on a black.Fieldj fee Plate ii. Fig. 12. Erminois,/ The Field.., Or, and the fpots black j , ke Plate ii. Fig, 13. EscALOP, / A Sea-fhell fifh regularly indented ; fee, Plate xvii. Fig. 11. EscROL, E r fesCROL, V. ScRt)L. Escutcheon;, / This Word 4s fometimes ufed_ to ^prefs the reprefentation of the whole Coat-of-Arms,br only to fignify the Field that contains the Charges ; fee p. 10, II, &Ci and PL i. Efcutcheon ef Pretence, a fmall £ fc utcheon , on wh i c h a man carries the Coat-of- Arms of his wife, being an heirefs ; fee p, 98, Fig. 8. Esquire, / Title of honour, above a Gentleman, and below a Knight. *^* Thofe to whom this Title is now of right due, are, viz. all the younger fons of Noblemen, and their heirs male for ever ; the four Efquires pf the King's body; the eldeft fons of Baronets, of all Knights, and their heirs male, in the right line, Thofe who bear any fuperibr office, as. High Sheriffs, Juftices of the Peace, &c. have it during the time they are in Commiffion and no longer, ESTOILE, V. Etoile. Etaye, / The only Diminutive ofthe Chevron, among the Freruh, which contains, in breadth, the third part of it j fee p, 67, Etoile, / The French word for a Star, and is by many confounded for a Mullet, but fome diftinguifh F I it by dfepidling the raies of the Star waved, and thofe of the Mullet plain. V* Mullet. FEss, / One of the horiourable Ordinaries defined p, 57, and repre fented in Plate viii. Fig. 1, 2, 3, &c. Fess-point. The exa£l center of the Efcutcheon^ fee p, 12, Letter E ; it is i6 called becaufe it is the point thro' which the Fefs line is drawn, when the Field is parted per Fefs. Field, / The furface ofthe Shield or Efcutcheon, which contains the charge ; fee p, 10, Art, I, Figured, a. Is faid of thofe Bearings which are de picted with a human face ; fee PL xiv. Fig. 19, File, V. Label, Fillet^ / The only Diminutivebelongihgto the Chief; fee p. 39, andi*/. v. Fig. 8, Fimbriated, a. By this term we underfta:nd an Or dinary, &c, having a nar. row border or hem of ano ther Tindure, for which reafonit might be applied to the charge contained in Plate xi. Fig. 13. Fitchy, a. From the Fiench. Fijhe, i. e. fixed; this F L F U this is faid of Croffes when the ^ovver branch ends in a fharp point ; and the reafoti of it Mackenzie fqppofes to be, that the primitive Chrif tians were wont to carry Croffes with them where- foever they went, and when they fl:c(pt on their journey at any place, they fixpd thofe portable Croffes in the group^ for Pevption fake ; fee Plafe x. Figi ii. Flank, / That part of the iide of an Efcutcheori which is between the Chief and the B^fe ; fee p. 851 Example igj Flanches, / Heraldic Figures ; fee p* 99, Fig. 9^ Flasques, / Heraldic Figures; feep. gg, Fig. 10. Flexed, a. Bent ; fee Plate xiv. Fig, g and 1 2. Fleur-de-lis, or / Flower-de-luce, / i The name of a. Charge fre quently to be mpt with i" Coats - of - arms ; fee Plai^ viii. Fig. .7. *^* The inquiry into the Origin and Nature of this Charge has produced many Volumes, and em ployed the Lucrabrations of divers Criticks and Anti quaries ; fome pretending it reprefents the Garden- Lilly, others the top of a Scepter ; fome the head of theFrenchBattlc-ax, called Francifcaj and others the iron of a Javelin ufed by the antient French, which, laft is the moft probable conjeiSlure. Flory, or 1 This Flowery, a.i word ^igni^es flower edj^ or adorned with the French Lilly ; fee Plate xii. Fig. 7 and 8. ^°^^^^' 5 V- Pattee. FORMY, i Fret, / A Figure re fembling tvyo little Sticks lying Saltier-ways, and interlacedwithin a Mafcle; fee PL xii. Fig. 3. v . . . Some have termed this Fi gure the Herald's True- Lover's Knot; fee p, g7. Fretty, a. This word is ufed to dentote a Field or Ordinary covered with Sticks interlacing one an other ; fee Plate xii. Fig. 4. and Plate x. Fig. 3. Fructed, a. is faid of trees that have their fruit on them, but of a different colour from the tree. Fur, / Term ufed in Heraldry to denote the Linings and Doublings of Mantlings in Atchieve ments, which are Ermine, Vair, &c. fee p, ig7. Furled, «. Drawn up ; fee Plate xviii. Fig. 6. Fusil,/ Term derived from the French word Fu- J'ee, i. e. a Spindle ; it is longer. G A G E longer, and more acute than the Lozenge ; fee p. 100, Fig. 13. . .., It may ferve to denote the execu tion of a great undertaking by Patience and Affiduity. *^* Some authors ac count Fufls 'marks of dif grace to the families that bear them, and pretend that when Crufades were proclaimed, in order to go and wr;^e war againft the Infidels, fuch Gentlemen as did not take up the Crofs were ordered, by their re- fpeftive Kings, to change their Arms, and put Fufls in their EfcutcTieons, as a token of their effeminacy : but no authority being pro duced to countenance fuch a conjedture, no ftrefs ought to be laid upon it. GAmee, / An obfo. lete French word fig nifying a Leg, and ufed as , fiich by Heralds, for the leg of a Lion, or other Creature born in Coats-of- arms ; fee Plate xvi. Fig. 14. Garee, / This term is a corruption ofthe French word Gerbe, which fignifies a Sheaf of any kind of corn ; fee Plate xvii. Fig. ig. Gardant, a. This word denotes a Beaft full - faced. looking right forward ; fee Plate XV. Fig. 2 and 7. , , .Tho' this be a French word, it is not made ufe of among their Heralds, who fay a Lion is never to be fo reprefented ; but a Leopard always, which they fig nify by this expreifion au. naturei, i. e. proper. Garland, / A wreath of Branches or Flowers. Garnished, a. This termis ufed in Heraldry to. exprefs the Ornament fet on any Charge whatfoever; fee Plate ix. Fig. 8, and Plate xiv. Fig. g. Garter, / The moft noble order of the Garter, inftituted by King Edward III. fee p, ig6, and Plate x'x\ii. Fig. 7. fee Knights. Garter, / The title of the principal King of Arms in England ; fee King, Garter, / It is ac cording to Englifh Heralds, one of the Diminutives of the Bend ; fee p. 50. Gauntlet, / Armour for the hand ; fee Plate xviii. Fig. 3. Gaze, / Intent look; this is faid of Bucks and Stags ftanding ftill ; fee Plate xvi. Fig. ig. Gemels, or ? A cor- Gemells, a. J ruption ofthe French word jumelles, Q^ which G tJ Ivhich fignifies double, and is therefore ufed to denote a Double -Bar ; fee Plate viii. .Fig. i6. Gentry, / Under this denomination is compre hended the leflei: Nobility, vi'Zi Baronets, Knights, Efquires, and Gentlemen, Giron, V, Gyron. Girt, V. Close-gIrt. Glory, / Circle of I'aies which furrounds the head of any Figure ; fee Plate xiv. Fig, 2* GoBONY, or7V, CoM- GobONATED, \ P'ONY, GoLPEs,/ Rouridkts of the purple colour, aiccord- ing to the Englifh way of blazoning, for the French Call all Roundlets Torteaux, and then add their peculiar colour ; fee p, 18, and PL ii. Fig. 10. Gorged, a. This term, which is derived from the French woi^d Gwge, i. e. Neck, is faid of an Animal that has a collar about its neck ; fee Plate xxi. Fig. 7. GuaRdant, V. Gar dant. Guard, / Term ufed by fome Heralds to fignify the Deubling of the Man tles of the Nobility. Gules, / A corruption cf the French word Gucules, which in, this Science fi's;- G Y nifies red, and is reprefent ed in Engraving by perpen dicular lines ; fee Plate ii. Fig. 3, , . . Silv. Morgan tells us, it denotes martial Prowefs, Boldnefs, and Hardinefs. The Ancients ufed this colbur to make themfelves terrible to their enemies, to ftir Up Magna nimity, and prevent feeing' of blood, by the likehefs of the Colours, Gutty, ^.Term derived from the Latin word gutta, i. e. drop, and ufed to de note a Field or Beairing full of drops, GuzEs, / Ronndlets of the Sanguine or Murrey cp- lour ; feep. 18, andPte^ii, Fig. 10. . . , Thefe are fo called by none but Etiglijly Heralds ; all others calling them Tortcaux.j as they do other Roundlets. They are by fome fuppofed to repre fent wounds, as being of i. bloody hue. Gyron, / A heraldic Figure, of a triangular form; fee p. g5. Fig. i. Gyronny, a. is faid of a Field divided into fix, eight, or ten triangular parts of two diffe-fent Tihc-^ tures, the points of which unite in the center of the Field; fee Plate xii. Fig. 5. Habited, H E H O H HAbited, a. This word is ufed to denote a Figure cloathed ; fee Plate jriv. Fig, 3, and 4. Hauriant, a. Term peculiar to Fifljes, and fig nifies their ftanding upright, as if they W^ere refrefhing themfelves by fucking in the air. Helmet, / A defenfive weapon to cover the head and neck. In Atchieve ments it is placed above the Efcutcheon for the princi pal ornament ; and is the true mark of Chivalry and Nobility : it is alfo ufed as a bearing in Coats-of-arms ; fee Plate xxi. and Pto^ xviii. Pk- 5- Herald, / This name, fays Verjlegan, is derived from the Saxon word Here- hault, and by abbreviation Heralt, which, in that lan guage, fignifies the Cham pion of an army, and grow.- ing to be a name of ofiice, it was given to him that, in the army, had the fp?cial charge to denounce war, to challenge to battle and combat ; to proclaim peace, and to execute martial mef- fages : But the bufinefs of Heralds with us is as fol lows, viz To marfhal and order all Royal Cavalcades, Ceremonies at Coronations, InftallationSj Creations, &c. To make public both De clarations of war and Pro clamations of Peace : To record and blazon the arms of the Nobility and Gentry, and to regulate any abufes therein, under the autho rity of the Earl Marfhal. Richard III. formed them into a College, and after wards great .privileges were granted them h-y Edward IV. and Philip and Mary. Heraldry,/ A Science confifting in the knowledge of marfhalling royal Cere monies, regulating Coats- of-arms, and, in fhort, all that is treated of in this book, Hiacinth, V, Hya cinth. Hieroglyph, orlAFi- Hieroglyphic,/ 1 gure by which fomething is im plied, Hieroglyphick, a, Ex- preffive of fome meaning beyond what immediately appears. HiLTED, a. Is faid of the handle of a Sword, in order to denote what Tinfture it is of; fee PL xviii. Fig. i. Honour-point,/ It is that which is next above the exact center of the Efcut cheon, and is reprefented by Letter D, p. 12, a2 Hooded, I M I N . Hooded, a.. Is faid of any Creature whofe head- drefs refembles a- Hood; fee Plate, xix. Fig. ig. Horned, a. This term is ufed to denote that the Horn of a Unicorn is of a different Tindture from his body; fee p. 74, Example 14. HuMETTY, a. Term made ufe of to denote an Ordinary which is couped, or cut off, and no where reaches to the edges of the Efcutcheon ; fee Plate viir. Fig. 17. Hurts, or 7 Roundlets HuERTs, / J of the A- zure colour, fo termed by none but Englifh Heralds, all others calling them Tour teaux, arid mentioning the Tindture they are of; fee p. 18, and Plate li. Fig. ic. Thefe being blue, fome will have them to- fignify Bruifes or Contufions in the Flefh, which often turn to that colour. Hyacinth, f. The name of a precious Stone intro duced by y. Bofsivell into this Science, and ufed by Englifli Heralds to exprefs Tenne in blazoning the Arms of the Nobility ; fee p. 15 and r8. ... It is a Stone of a yellowiih red hue ; Natu ralifts fay there are four dif- f^^rent kinds. I Mbattled, a. The fame as Crenelle, and is faid of Towers, Walls, and Ordinaries, when their outward lines are drawn like Battlements ; fee p. 23. Imbowed,V. Embowed, Imbrued, a. Is faid of Spears-heads fpotted with blood ; fee Plate v. Fig: 12. ToImpale, v. To con- jointwo Coats-of-arms Pale ways ; fee Plate xxiii. Fig. I, 2, &c. Imperial, a. Belonging to an Emperor. This word is ufed, in the foregoing Treatife, to denote his Crown, which is reprefent ed in Plate XX. Fig i. Increment, / This is faid of a Moon increfcent ; for a Moon in her Increment implies the fame meaning, *^* It fignifies the rifing of Families, and even of States, for which reafon it is born fo by the Turks. Increscent, or 7 This is Incressant, a. \ faid of a new Moon, whofe horns are turned towards the dex ter-fide of the Efcutcheon ; fee Plate xiii. Fig. 7. Indented, a. This is faid of fuch Ordinaties as have their outward Lines drawn like Teeth, and much fcnaller J o fmaller than the Dancette ; fee p. 23. Indorsed, V. Ad dorsed, Inescucheon, / The name given to fmall Efcut cheons born within the Shield ; fee Plate xii. Fig. 2. Ingrailed, V. En grailed. Invected, a. This is the reverfe of engrailed, for it has the points inward to the Bordure or Ordinary, and the fmall Arches or Semi-circles outward to the Field ; fee p. 23, and Plate ,iii. Fig. 4. Inverted, a. This word is applied to any Bearing turned the wrong way : Wings are faid to be irf- verted when the points of them are down. IssuANT, or 1 This term Issuing, a. i fignifies proceeding from, and is faid of Raies, or other Charges, coming out of any part of the Efcutcheon ; fee p. 1 14, Example 2 and 3, arjd alfo p. 116, Example 12. Guil lim has 'made ufe of iffuant to denote a Lion naiffant ; whence, with refpedt to Blazonry, feveral Heralds difpute their fignifications. rEssANT, a. This word ' iigni^ies Jhooting forth, as J u vegetables do ; it is alfo ufed to exprefs the bearing of Fleurs-de-lis coming out of a Leopard's Face. Jessed, a. This is faid of a Hawk, or any other Bird, whbfe Jeffes, i. e. Straps of leather, are of a Tindture different from the reft ; fee Plate xvii. Fig. 6. Jowllopped, a. Term ufed to fignify the gills of a Cock, when born of a dif ferent Tindture from his Head ; fee Pte^xvii. Fig. 8. Jupiter, / The name of one of the Planets, ufed in the' place of Azure, by fuch Heralds as think fit to blazon thus the Arms of So vereigns and Princes; in ftead of Metals and Colours; fee p. 15 and 17. Justs, / Thefe, like Tournaments, were public exercifes formerly ufed by all perfons of any note, that defired to gain reputation in feats of Arms, from the King to the private Gen tleman. *^* The manner thefe martial diverfions were con ducted was as follows .... The time and ' place we're appointed, and challenges fent abroad for all that de- fired to fignalize themfelves. Places were provided for the Spedtators, and the Lifts, i. e. Ground, raifed about. J u in which the Adventurers were to fhew their dexterity. Rewards were affigned to the vidtorious, and great Honours paid them. ... As to the Contenders, tv^o only were let in at once, thro' different barriers, being in compleat armour from head to foot, and mounted on excellent horfes. After per- faj-ming the ufual ceremo nies, and paying their re- fpedts tp the Sovereign or Judges, and to the Ladies, they took their feveral fta- tjons, and being thus in readinefs, when the trum pets, founded, they both at the fanie time couched their lances, i. e. fet the But-end againjl their breafi, the point hearing towards their' Anta- gonifi, and fpurring their Horfes, ran fiercely towards one another, in fuch man ner, that their Spears points darting againft each other's armourgave a terrible fliock, and generally broke in pieces. If neither party re ceived any damage, they both turned found, took frefh fpears, and attacked one another a fecond time, then a third, and if neither fuffered anv damag-e in thefe three encounters, they both came off with reputation. But if a man was thrown off his Horfe, he was quite K I difgrac'ed, orif hewas fhaken in the Saddle, or let fall his Lance, or loft any piece of his Armour, or hurt his Adverfary's Horfe, all thefe, and other particulars, were looked upon as difreputable. There were alfo Rules for diftributing the- Prizes to thofe that heft behaved themfelves, whieh the in tended concifenefs of this Didtionary prevents my in* ferting, as other Writers have given a full account of thefe, and all other circum- ftances. JusTERS, / Name given to the Adventurers at Jufts, K KING, / This term is derived from the an, cient Teutonic word Cyning, and did fignify, as Verflegan fays, brave or valorous, be caufe Monarchs were fup-r pofed, or ought to be fuch. King of arm?, 7 One King at arms, i of the principal Heralds, of which fort there are three at pre fent in England, whofe titles are Garter, Claren, ciEUX, and Norroy. The firft is ftiled Garter, Princi pal King at Arms, which are two diftindt offices united in one perfon ; for, as Garter, his duty is to attend on the Knights of the Garter at their K N their Solemnities, in refe rence to which he is allow ed a Mantle and Badge, a Houfe in Windfor - caftle, and a Penfion from the So vereign. As King at Arms, he is to perform fervices re lating to the office of Arms, en which accbunt he is al lowed a rich Ceat and Crown, Lodgings within the Col lege, and a Penfion out of the Exchequer King Clarencieux' s jurifdidtion ex- tends thro' the re^lm of the South fide of Trent; as that bf King Norroy does on the North fide pf the fame river, from which the latter de rives his name. Knight, / Title of honour derived from the Saxon word Cnicht, i. e. Servant, or one bound to attend on his Sovereign in his wars. *,* The following par ticulars -were formerly ve({\xi- fite for making of a Knight, njiz. That he was no Trader, and efpecially of no fervile condition. That he fhould fwear, that he would not refufe to die for the Gofpel, or his Country. It was alfo required,tha:tKnights fhould be brave, expert, and well behaved. Knight-Banneret, An ancient military order, but •xtindt in England, The manner of their being made is related in the foregoing Treatife, p. ii. Knight -BaTchelor. The moft ancient, but the loWeft order of Knights in England ; known by the name of Knights only. They are ftiled Knights^Baltehe- lors, becaufe this Title does not defcend to their Pofte rity; KnigHt and Baronet. This is a modern degree of honour, inftitiited by King James L on the 22d of May, 1611, and the gth year of his reign, who made it he reditary in the male line* Knight of the Bath. This dignity was, accord ing to fome Hiftorians, in ftituted by Richard II. but others think it of greatet antiquity. Sir William Dug dale, in his Antiquities of Warwickfhire, p. 53. gives an account at large ofthis Order, to which I refer the curious. Knight of theGARTER. The higheft degree of Knighthood in England, inftituted by King Edward III, in i34g, in the 23d year of his reign. *»* Hiftorians are divided with refpedt to the motive that induced King Edward to found this Order ; fome affirming that it was an a- mourous L I M A .ftiourous contrivance, in honour to a Lady's Garter, from wherice .it had the name; and others ftrenu- oufly contending to deduce it from a more noble origin, viz. The .improvement of military honour, and the reward of Virtue : but be that as it will, -it is, certain, that it has ever fince been_ looked upon as a great' honour; beftowed on the nobleft Perfons of this, ^nd other nations. Knights of the Ga;-ter furrouiid their Efcutcheons with the En fign of this Order, which is reprefented ill Plate xxi.. Fig. 7. as alfo in .P/«fo xxiii. Abel, / The nobleft J of Rebatements, fer ving to difference the Arms of the eldeft fon from the younger ; fee p. 32, arid PI. iv. Fig. I . [_ ., Labels. This term is fometimes made ufe of to fignify the Ribands that hang dov/n from a Mitre. Langued, a. Term de rived from theFrench langue, i. e. Tongue ; and. ferves to fignify the tongue O'f a Bird or Beaft when- -it differs in Tincture from the body, > Laws of Pleraldry; fee p. 186. Lion, / The King of Quadrupeds, or four-footed Animals ; fee Plate xv. - LioNCEL, / A ypung -Lion : this term is. to be ufed in blazoning. Arms, ¦when there are more than pne Lion in the fame Field, as: mentioned in the fore going Treatife, p. 125 ; fee Plate XV. .Fig. 12. • Lozenge, / A four- corner.'d Figure refembling a pane of glafs in old cafe- ments ; fee p. 100, Fig. 12, and Plate viii. Fig. 6. Lozengy, a. Covered' with Lozenges ; fee Plate. xii. Fig. 6. , Luna,/ This is a Latin word which , fignifies the * Moon, and is ufed. by Eng lifh Heralds only, inftead of Argent, in blazoning the Arms of Sovereigns ; fee p. 15 and 16. _¦ Lure,./ Term ufed in Heraldry to fignify two w'ings conjoined, as in Plate- vii. Fig. 14. Lyon, V. Lion, M. MAnche,/ TheFrench word for a Sleeve, and' ufed by Englifh-Heralds to fignify an old fafhioned; Sleeve, with long hangers, to it ; fee Plate xviii- Fig. 10. Man- M A IVtANED, c. Is fa;i4 bf the Hair which hangs down the neck of Horfes, tfni- -cprns, Tygers, or other Anioiajs , fee p. 74, Ex.- ¦map\e. 14* .¦ Mantlp, / This is fp JBamed from the j'ferich Manteau, and fig'njfies a .long Robe, qf, .Cloak pf State, i MantlinOs, / Ah or- i)ameiital foliage- work re- .prefenting cut pieces pf .cloth, ufed now-a-days for .the adorning of Helmets; fee Pto^ xxi. Fit. Ij 2> 3) &c, MarqjJis;,/ The fecond ©rder of Nobility in Eng land, next to a Duke. This .title was not known in this country till King Richard II. in the year 1337, created his great, favourite JRobert Yert, who was then Earl of Oxford, Marquis of Dublin ; linee which time there have been other creations. A ^arquis is created by patent, his Mantle is double Ermine, three Doublings and a half; bis titk Js MoJi Noble, and his -Coronet has Peiarls and Leaves intermixed' ' round, of equal Height; iee Plate XX, Fig. II, Mars, / The name of one of the Planets ufed by fome Englifh Heralds, in ftead of Gules, in blazoning 'U ^% ¦the Ai'ms of Sovereigns ; , fipe p,'i5 and t6. Marshal,/ This term, as mpft others ufed in He raldry, is d^riv.ed from the French word Marechal, the name pf a great miliitary -Officer, that commands their arinies ih chief; but in England it is thename of tfeveral militaj-y and civil Officers; ataong the latter^ the principal is the Earl Marjhal, - a ppft of great Jipnour, and hereditary in the f^rhily pf the Dulfe of Norfolk, as mentioned p. 1^5^ ' .' To Marshal, v. Term which fignifies to range and difpofe regulaitly diverfe Coats-of-arms ip oneShield, with their,, contingent Orna ments and Appurtenances } fee p, 191. Martlet, / An ima, ginary Bird ; fee what is faid of it p. 159, Exam. 6. Mascle, / A figure which is faid by fome to re prefent Spots in certain Flints about Rofes, and by others the Mafh of a net j fee p. in. Fig. 14. Maunch, V. Manche. Membred, a. Term ferving to exprefs the Beak and Legs of a Bird, when they are of a different Tinc ture from the Body ; fee Plate xvii. Fig. 3. R Mer, M 0 M XJ ¦ Mercury, / The nariie of one of the Planets ufed inftead of Purple, by Eng lifh Heralds, in blazoning the Arms of Sovereigns ; fee p. 15 and 17. Bofswell, as I have obferved before, firft introduced this different me thod of blazoning, but the reafon that could induce him to affign, fuch colour to Mercury is beyond my com- prehenfion. Metal,/ Thereareonly two Metals ufed in Heral dry, viz. Gold and Silver, but called Or and Argent, being the French names for them. *^* It is againft the Rules of Blazoning to put Metal upon Metal, or Colour up on Colour, unlefs for fpe cial reafons : therefore if the Field be of any colour, the bearing muft be of one of the Metals ; and on the contrary, if the Field be of one of the two Metals, then the Bearing muft be of foirie colour. Moiety,/ A corruption of the French word Moit'ie, vvhich fignifies Half. Molike, / From the French v/ord Moulin, i. e. Mill, is ufed in Heraldry to denote a Crofs which turns round both ways at all the extremities , fee PL x. Morion,/ A Steel dapy or ancient Armour for tWe head, which refembles very- much the Chapeaurepieknt- ed in Plate xxi. Fig. f.- Motto, / The word or fhort fentence inferted in a Scroll, w'hich is placed uri- der, and forrietimes over Coats-of-arms; fee Pte^xxi. Fig. 7. Mound,-/ A corruption of the French word Mondi, i. e. World ; which it re prefents, being a Globe en circled, furmounted of a Crofs ; fee PL xx. Fig.- i and 2. Mullet, / This term is derived from the French word Molette, which fig nifies the Rowel of a Spur, and fhould confift of five points only ; fee Plate xiii. Fig. II and 14, whereas Stars confift of fix or above ; iee Fig. 12 and 13, ''^* Heralds have, gene rally fpeaking, confounded Stars and Mullets together, which miftake might eafily be redlified, by allowing Mullets to confift of five. points only, and Stars bf fix and above. Altho' the French, from whom this Science is taken, have P- toiles of five points, as well as Molettes of fix. Muraille, a. Word ufed by French Heralds to exprefs N O exprefs an Ordinary that is -walled, as is mentioned in p. 45, and reprefented Plate vi. Fig. 20. Murrey, V. Sanguine, Muzzled, a. Is faid of a Beaft whofe Muzzle-band is of a different Tindture from his head ; fee Platfi ix. Fig. 15. N NAlANT, a. Term de rived from the French word nageant, i. e. fwim- jning, and is faid of a Fifh in a fwiming pofture ; fee Plate xvii. Fig. 9. Naissant, a. This word fignifies coming out, and is faid of aLion, or other living creature, that feems to be rifing out of the middle of an Ordinary ; fee Plate xv. Fig. 16. Nebule, ori This term Nebuly, a. \ fignifies cloudy, or reprefenting clouds, and is ufed when the out-lines of any Ordi nary run arched, in and out, as in Plate viii.. Fig. 3.- Nobility, / Under this denomination are compre hended Dukes, Marquiffes, Earls, Vifcounts, and Barons only. Nombril-point,/ The next below the Fefs-point, being the oppofite place to O R the Honour-point; fee letter, F, p. 12. Norroy, V, King, NowED, a. This word fignifies tied or knotted, and is faid of a Serpent, Wi vern, or the like, whofe. bodies or tails are twifted and infolded like a knot; fee Plate xvii. Fig. 16, and Plate xix. Fig. 10, O OGresses,/ Term ufed by Englifli Heralds only, to exprefs the black Roundlets ; fee Plate ii. Fig. 10. Or,/ The French word for Gold, by which this Me tal is expreffed in Heraldry. In engraving it is denoted by fmall ppints all over the Field or Bearing ; fee Plate ii. Fig. I. . , . LaColombi^re. fays this Metal fignifies Ge nerofity, Splendor, and So lidity, Oranges, / Englifh Heralds give this name to all Roundlets that are tenne or tawney, fuppofing them to be Oranges ; fee p.. 18, and Plate ii. Fig. 10. Ordinary, / Term ufed to denote feveral He raldic Figures, born in Coats-of-arms; fee p. 37 and 38. Orle, / This term is, according Sir G. Mackenzie, R 2 derived P A P A d^fived frorh the Latin wbrd Orula, i. e. a BordUre, or accordittg to others, ffbm the French wbrd ourleti i. e. a Herri or Selvage ; Guillith would have it frbm ireiller a Pillow, which it fto ways refembles ; but be this As it will, the Orle is no other thifl a Border within the Shield, at fome diftance from the edges thereof; fee p. g8, and Plate xii. Fig. i. Ist-Orle, is faid of fe veral things born within the Efcutcheon, ih the form of an Orle; fee Plate XXii. Fig. 10. OvER-ALt. Thisexpref- fion is faid of any Figure born over another, and ob- fcuring part thereof; fee Plate vii. Fig, i2. P PAle, / One of the honourable Ordinaries, defined p. 45, and repre fented in Plate vi. Fig, i. Pall, / A figure like a Greek T, about the breadth of a Pallet ; it is, by fome Heralds, called a Crofs-Pall, on account of its being o looked upon as an Archi- «pifcopal bearing. Pallet,/ One ofthe- Diminutives of the Pale , fee Plate v'u Fi^, 16. Paly, a. This word is ufed to denote a Field divided by p6Tp&Mic:u\s,t lines into feveral equal patts^ confift, ing of two different Tinc tures interchangeably dif-' pofed'; fee Plate vi, Fig. 5, Parted, or! This term Party, a, j fignifies divided, and is applied to all Divifions of the Field, in which cafe Englifli Heralds differ from the French ; for ths latter ufe this term only to denote a partition per Pale, other partitions being eXpreffed by different names ; fee the following Examples.- Party per Pale is parti. Party per Chevron is chappe. Party peir Fefs is coupe. Party per Bend is tranche. Party per Bend-finis is taille. All thefe Partitions, ac cording to La Colombiere^ have their Origin from the Cuts and Bruifes that ap peared on Shields after en-i gagements ; and being proofs of the danger the Bearers had been expbfed to, they gained them efteem, for which reafon they were tranfmitted to Pofterity, and became Arms and Marks of Honour to their future fa^. milies. Passant, a. is faid of a Lion, or any other creature, reprefented paffing or walk ing P E p n rng along ; fee Plate Xv. Fig. 6 and 7. Passant-gardanT, is when an Animal is in the fame pofture as paffant, hut with his face turned fo that his eyes are both diftindtly feen ; fee Plate xv, Fi^. 7. Patee, or 7 This is faid Pattee, a. J of a Crofs which is fmall in the center, arid fo goes on widening to Ihe ends; fee Plate x. Fig. Paternal, a. Term ufed to denote the original Arms of a family ; 'fee p. 8. Patonce, a. This is proper to a Crofs that is flowry at its extremities ; fee Plate X. Fig, 14. Patriarchal, tf, A Crofs is fo called when the mid dle piece is twice croffed, the lower arms being longer, and the upper fhorter, fee Plate X. Fig. 6. Such aCrofs . belongs to Patriarchs, as the triple Crofs is ufed by the Pope. Pearl, / This word is ufed for Argent, by thofe ivho blazon the Arms of Peers by precious Stones, inftead of Metals and Co- Jours ; fee p. 15 and 16. Pean, / The name of a Tindture, which is Sable .arid Or; fee p. 20, and plate lu Fig- I4' Peer, / Name given to every Nobleman of this kingdonj : there are five de- gtees of Peerage in Great- Britain» viz. Dukes, Mar* quiffes. Earls, VifcPuntS, and Barons, Pellets, / The name given to the Black Round- lets, by Eriglifh Heralds alone ; for the French and otherNations call all Round- lets Tourteaun, and fpecify the Tindture they are of j fee Plate ii. Fig. 10. Pendent, a. This term fignifies hanging, whence it is faid of Efcutcheons which were worn by ancient Knights and Warriors ; fee Plate i. Fig. i, 2, 3, and 4. Pennon,/ A fmall Flag or Standard, Per, p. This particle is generally ufed in Heraldry before an Ordinary, to de note a Partition ofthe Field j fee Party, Perforated, a. Is faid of fuch Charges as appear to be bored or pierced thro'j fee p. iii. Fig. 14. PerfLe w, V. Pur- flew. Pheon, / A kind of miffile Inftrument or Dart, with a barbed head, which head isin England fte({neM\y born in Coats-of-arms, and termed a Pheon's head. Pierced, P o P R Pierced, a. bored thro' ; fee Plate xiii. Fig. 14 and 16. Pile, / An heraldic Fi gure reprefenting thofe Piles on which Bridges are built, 'or other Edifices r.aifed from the ground ; fee p. g8, and Plate xii. Fig. g, 10, &c. Some Chages are faid to be born in Pile ; fee p. 148, Example i. Planets, / Thefe have been introduced in Heral dry by Boffwillj'^M.X. are ufed ojily by Englifh Heralds, in ftead of Metals and Colours, in blazoning the Anns of Sovereigns; feep, 15. Plates, / Name which Englifh Heralds afcribe to the white or filver Round- lets ; fee p. 18, and Plate ij. Fig. 10. Point, / This word is ufed to denote the different parts of the infide of the Efcutcheon, in order to afcertain . the local pofition of any Bearing ; fee p. 12. The Points of a Star ; this fignifies its Raies ; fee Plate xiii. Fig. 13. Pomelled, a. is faid of the round ball or knob affix ed to the handle of a fword; iee PL xviii. Fig. i. Pomeis,/ Green Round- lets ufed in Coats-of-arms, fo called only by Englifh Heralds, who exprefs the colours of the Roundlets by the feveral names given them ; fee p, 18, and Plate ii. Fig. 10. Portcullis,/ A ftrong gate grated, ufed to defend theentrance of Caftles, &c. Potent, a. This is faid of a Crofs terminating like a T at its extremities ; fee Plate X. Fig. 12, Powdering, / Small Figures, as Ermine, irre gularly ftrewed on a Field ; fee Plate ii. Fig. II, 12, &c. Predominant, a. This term is fometimes ufed in Heraldry to fignify that the Field is but of one Tindture j fee p. 22, Art. 3. Premier, «.ThisFrench word, which fignifies firft, is ufed by Englifh Heralds to fignify the moft ancient Peer of any Degree by Creation ; fee p, 8g, Ex ample 8. Pride, / Peacocks are faid to be in their pride when, they extend their tails into a circle, and drop their wings ; fee PL xvii. Fig. 5,- Pretence, V. Escut cheon. Prince,/ Title of hon our properly belonging to a Sovereign or his fons. Proper, a. Term ufed to denote any Creature, Ve getable, &c, born in Coats- of-arms of its' natural Hue or ¦ or Tindture ; fee Plate xvii. Fig. 2, 5, and 7. Purfle, or 7 Term ufed PURFLEW,/ 5 by fome Englifh Heralds to exprefs the imbroidery of a Bordure of Fur ; fee p. g. Example 12. Purpure,/ The colour fo called which fignifies Purple, is in engraving re prefented by diagonal lines from the left to the right ; fee Plate ii. Fig. 6. ' *^* Sir Henry Spelman, in his Afpilogia allows Pur ple the preference before all other colours, as having been an Enfign of Royalty for many Ages ; yet he fays it feems to be excluded by ancient Heralds, as being an improper colour. It is indeed an uncommon co lour, yet there are Exam ples of it to be found, and therefore to rejedt it would be unreafonable,both French and Englijh Heralds having given it a place among the ¦other Tindtures. Pursuivant, / The loweft order of officers of Arms, who attend upon Heralds in public cere monies. a QUadrat, or 7 This Quadrate, a. 3 term iignifies fquare, or having four equal and parallel fides; it is applied, in the forc>. going Treatife, to a Crofs reprefented in Plate x. Fig. 12, QUATER-FOIL, / A four-leaved Flower, refem bling a Primrofe. The dou ble Quater - foil is mention ed in the foregoing Treatife as a Difference for the gth fon ; fee p. -32. *** Thefe have, as well as Trefoils, obtained no fmall placein Coats-of-arms, being born by many Fami lies, and particularly by Sir Francis Vincent, Bart, one of the prefent Members of the Houfe of Commons for Surry, Quarter,/ The fourth part of the Field, or one of its Divifions. ¦*^* The Paternal Arms are always placed in the firft and fourth Quarters of a quartered Coat-of-arms; and thofe of Alliance in the fecond and third : but where Coats are too numerous, it is fufficient to ufe the Pa ternal Arms but once, placing them in the firft Quarter or Divifion of the Field. Quartered, a. Is faid of a Field divided into four equal parts ; fee p. 24, Fig. I and 2. Quarterings, / Thi., fignifies the Partitions or feparate Areas of one Shield containi.-io Containing divers Coats-of- arms. Quarterly, a. Con- tairling a fourth part. . , . Quarterly quarter edis faid of aSaltier quartered in its Cen ter, and the four branches -of which are each parted by twp different Tindtures alternately depidled ; fee PI, xi. Fig. 14, R RAdiant, a. This term is ufed in blazoning to denote any Charge repre fented with Raies, or Beams about it ; fee Plate vi. Fig. Raguly, or?. This is Raguled, a. \ faid of a Bearing which is uneven or ragged like the trunk or limb of a tree lopt of its branches, of which the flumps only are feen ; fee Plate X. Fig. 4. Rampant, a. A French word ufed to denote a Lion or other animal ftanding, as it were, in a perpendicular line and climbing up ; fee Plate XV. Fig. 1 , 2, J, &c. Rams, V, Battering- ram, Ray,/ a ftream of light proceeding from any lumi nous body, as the Sun or Star ; fee Plate xiii. F'lg. 2, 3, and 20. Rebatement, V. J5if* ference. ¦ RecERCElee, a. This is faid of a Crofs that circles or curls at thC ends, very much refembling a Ram's horn ; fee Plate x. Fig, %Qi Regardant, a This French word, which figni fies koking only, is ufed by Englifh Heralds to fignify an Animal looking behind, /. e. having his face turned towards his tail , fee Plate XV. Fig- 3. Resarcelee, 7 V. Re-, Ressercelee, j cerce lee. Rest, a. A figjure ufed in Coats-of-arms, which fome take to be a reft for a Horfeman's Lance, and o- thsrs for a mufical inftru ment called Clarion or Cla- ricord ; fee PL xviii. Fig. 9. RfBAND, / One of the Diminutives of the Bend ; fee p. 50, PL vii. Fig. 18. RouNDLE, or 7 Any RouNDLET, / J round figure, fuch as are contain' ed in Plate ii. Fig. 10. Ruby, a. The name of a precious Stone ufed in, ftead of Gules in blazoning the Arms of the Englifh Nobility only ; fee p. 15 and 16. ... It is a tranfpa- rentGemofareddifh colour, with a fmall portion of blue, and S A and eanriot be tOuchfed with a-file. Rubies are general ly found in the fame mines with Sapphires, and fohie of theni are pretty large ; for the Emperor Rsdolphus had one that was as large as a fmall Pullet's egg, and this was thought to be the largeft that was ever feen in Europe. RtJLES of Heraldry ; fee p. 1 86, S SAbi-e, / This vlford in Heraldry fignifies blaik, and is borrowed from the French, as are moft terms in this Science : in en graving it is expreffed by both horizontal and perpen- "dicvllar lines croffing each bther; fee Plate ii. Fig. 7. G. Leigh in his Accidence of Armory, will have it that Sable of itfelf fignifies Con ftancy, Learning, and Grief ji with Or Honour ; and with Argent Fame. Saliant or 7 This Salliant, a. i term is ufed to exprefs the pofture of an animal that is fpringing forward ; ieePlate xv. Fig. 4, Saltier,/ One of the honourable Ordinaries de fined p, 86, and reprefent ed in Plate xi, - "*^* This was anciently, fays Leigh, made of the height of a man, and driven full of pins, the ufe of which § A was to fcale walls, '&c. Upton fays it was an inftru ment to catch wild Beafts, whence he derives this word from Saltns, i. e. a Foreft. The French call this Ordi nary Sautoir, from Saiiter tb leap ; becaufe it may have been ufed by foldieirs to leap Over walls : but fohie mo dern authors think it is bom in imitation df St. Andrew'^ crofs, _ Sanguine, a. This word, in Heraldry, fignifies the Murrey colour, and is ex preffed in engraving, by lihes croffing each other di agonally, from the Dextei' to the Sinifter fide, and front the Sinifter to the Dexter ; fee Plate ii. Fig. g. , , . . Some Heralds will not al low this colour to be ufed in Heraldry, tho' it is cer tain it has been ufed, Sans-nombre, Expred fion ufed by French Heralds to fignify feveral Figures ftrewed on the Field; fee p. igo. Saphire, or 7 The Sapphire, / j name of a precious Stone ufed by Englifli Heralds only, to exprefs the colour Azure, in blazoning the Arms of the Nobility; fee p. 15 and 17. . . . Itis a hard gem of a blue or fky colour, very tranfpa- rent, and it fparkles much, S Sardoynx, S E ..Sardonyx,/ The name &f a precious Stone ufed in- ft:ead of Sangnine, in blazon- ¦ ing the Arms of the Englifli Nobjlity ; feep, 15 and 18. , . . Tfiis Stone is faid to be of a, middle nature, between the Cornelian a^id theOnyx, ¦vifhieh its name feems to imply. It is generally tinged ¦vyith, white, black, and blood colour, .which are diftin guifhed from each other by circles or rows, fb plain, that they appear to be the effedt of art, $ATURN, / The name of one of the Planets, ufed fpr the colour Sable by fuch Heralds as think fit to blazon thus tlie Arms of Sovereigns and Princes, in ftead ofMetals andColours;. fee p. 15 and 17, SqALLOp, V. Escallop. ScEPl]ER, orTj A, royal ScEPTR^, / J[ S.ta.ff, an enfign. of Sovereignty born in the hand, more ancient than the Grown itfelf. *^.* It was originally a Javelin without a head. . Tarquin the old firft ufed it arnpng the Romans, which he adorned on the tap> with an Eagle Scrape, / One of the Dirniiiutives of the Bsrid- finifter. ; fte p, 50. Scrol, or " 7 One of, the SqRQLL,/ liqutvyardpr- naments of an Efcutcjieon, s o wherein the Motto is Iji- fcribed; fee p. i7g, a@d Plate xxi. Fig. 7, Seeded, a. This is faid of Rofes and other Flowers, to exprefs the tindture of their feed ; fee p^ 145^ Ex ample 17, Scutcheon, Yi Escut* CHE0N« Segreant a. This e:pi-, thet is applied to a Griffiil difplaying his wings, as if he was going to fly ; fee Piatt x;3{. Fig. 5. Secant, orlThi&tsifairA Sejant, a. j ofaLionor other Animal r^epr^efttedf fitting; fee PktfXfV, Fig. &.. Sem^, or 7 Word bor- Semie, a. J rowed fron^ the Frerich, gnd which fig-., nifies ftreyjuedor feeded; fee p, 182* Shield, / An ancient, defenfive ^iece of Arrnour, on which Arms, or Devices Wei;e depidted. . , , To de fcribe the feveral forts of thenii ^.rid ifj^ntion their narrjes,' woii^d be not onjy top tedious, but alio foreign to omr purpofe. It, gave the original tothatwhichiis-now calle4 the Efci^tcheon in Ar- rtiory, an4, thatbeing treat ed of ii^; its prpper plaqe, iJ: is needlefs to rqp.eat tlie fairje here, SiimsTER, a. Word ufed: iq, ^€f;^ldry to, fign,' fy, tjie left s t left fide or part of any thing ; as the Sini^r Bafe is the left part of the Bafe, repre. fented by the Letter I, p. 1 2, Slipped, a. Torn from a Stock or Branch ; fee Plate xvii. Fig. 18, Sol,/ This word fignifies the Sun, and is by Englifh Heralds ufed to exprefs Gold in blazoning the Arms of Sovereigns ; fee p. 15 and 16. Splendor, / The Sun is faid to be in its Splendor when it is reprefented with the lineaments of a human face, and environed with raies ;, fee Plate v. Fig. 20, Standard, / A mar tial Enfign, carried by the Horfe, diftinguifhed by the name of Colours for the Foot- foldiers. There is alfo the Royal - Standard which is difplayed at Sea. Star, / This Charge is by many confounded' with a mullet, which is the rowel of a Spur\ as mentioned be fore ; fee Plate xiii. Fig. 12 and 13, Statant, a. Term ufed in Heraldry to exprefs an Animal ftanding on his feet, both the fore and hind Legs being in a diredt line ; fee Plate XV. Fig, 5. Stones, 7; The names of precious Stones have been introduced in Heraldry by Bofswel, but now are only ufed by Englijh Heralds, in. s u ftead of Metals and Goipurs,' in blazoning the Arms of the' Nobility; feep. 15, *j,* This way of blazon ing is condemned by all Fo reigners, and rejedted. by feveral Heralds of this na tion, and that vei:y juftly ; for can the dignity of a Peer be leffened for being told that his robe is Purple, Velvet, Black, or Scarlet, as tho' it really ceafbd to be that, or the like, by beiiig, upon him. But fince many Englifli Heralds have adopt ed this whimfical and fanci ful method, it has beeh thought fit to infert it in the foregoing Treatife, the Reader being at liberty tO do as he pleafes in this cafe. Sun, / Thename ofthe Luniihary that inakes the Day, which, vi^hen ufed in Heraldry with the linea ments of a human face, en vironed with raies, is called a Sun in its Glory or in its Splendor; fee p. 1 1 3, Exam. I, and p. 44, Exam. 20, Super-charge, / This is faid of a Figure born on another Bearing. Supporter s,/ Animals, Birds, or other Figures, • which ftand on each fide of the Shield, and feem to fup port it; fee p-, 181, and Plate xxi. Fig. 7. , , . Surmount" EE?, », This IS S z faid T E T 0 fjiid of a Figure or Bearing fi that has another over it ; fee p, . P/. xviii. P«^, 15 and 19. Surtout, Expreffion borrowed from the French, which fignifies over-all, and is faid of a fmall Efcutcheon containing any Coat of Augmentation; feep, 182, Plate xxi. Fig 7. Symbol,/ Is that which comprehends in its figure a teprefentatipn of fornething die, T . TAlbot, / A fort of , Hunting -dog, be tween a Hound and a Bea gle, with a large fnput, long, round and thick ears ; fee Plate ix, Fig. 11 This is a frequent bearing in Coats-ofiarms, Target, / A round Buckler that was ufed by the ancient Romans, Spani ards, and Africans. Tasselled, a. Adorned with Taffels, fee p, iig, and Plate xiv. Fig. 3, , . . . A Taffel is an ornamental Bunch of Silk, or glittering Subftances, Tawney, or 7 One of Tenne:, a. J the ten diff'erent hues made ufe of in Blazonry ; it fignifies the Orange colour, aiid is re prefented ill engraving by diagonal lines drawn from the Sinifter to the Dexter (^ie gf the Shield, fr^yerfed by perpendicular iines from the Chief ; fee P/. ii. Fig. 8. . . . . This is not admitted as a colour hy all Heralds, for feveral have not everi mentioned it, yet Leigh fays it is a colour of worfhip. Tiara, / An ancient ornament among the Per. /ians and Parthians, where with their Kings and Priefts were crowned ; the Pope's triple crown is now fo call ed ; fee p. PL XX, Fig, 5, Tincture,/ This term fignifies the Hue or Colour pf any thing belonging to Coats-:of-arms ; fee p. 13. Topaz, / The name of a precious Stone unfed in ftead of Or, in blazoning the Arms of the Englifh Nobility only; fee p. 15 and 1 6. ... It is a tranfpav rent Stone of a fhining gold- colour without any mixture. Torteaux, _ or 7 Thai Tourteaux,/ i name given to the red Roundlets only, by Englifh Heralds ; fee p. 18. Plate ii. Fig. 10. . , . . , Some will have thefe Roundlets to be Cakes, o^ thers Bowls, which cannot be, becaufe they are flat ; and others Wounds, which laft may be proper enough, as they are always Red. *»* The French, and other nations, except the Englifh, give the name of Tourteaux T R T tr Tourteaux to fuch Roundlets as are of any other colour, expreffing the fame, which is allowed to be a better me thod, then giving every Roundlet a particular name on account of its Colour, for it is rather making the Science unintelligible than explaining it. Tournaments,/ Thefe were honourable exercifes formerly ufed by all perfons of note, that defired to fig nalize themfelves by their Dexterity, &c. They firft began in Germany, in the tenth Century, and became afterwards a general prac tice; they derived their name from the French word Tour- ner, i. e. to turn round, be caufe to be expert in thefe Exercifes, much AgiHty both of Horfe and Man was .requifite, they riding round a Ring, or turning often, as there was occafion. Their manner of aflembling, &c. was Hke that defcribed in the account given of Jufts. Towered, or 7 This is Turretted,^. j faid of Walls and Caftles having Towers orTurrets on the top. Transposed, a. Term applied to Bearings put in a pl^ce different from their ufual fituation; fee Plate xii. Fig. 13. Trefoil, / The three- leaved Grafs ; fee Plate vii. Fig. 13 It is a very common Bearing, but how it came to be fo much ufed in Armoury does not appear to me, being a thing in it felf fo infignificant, and re mote from Arms. Tressure,/ The name of an Ordinary, fuppofed to be only the half of the breadth of an Orle ; it is born Flory and Counter fiory, and very often double and fometimes treble; fee p. 103, Fig. 15. Tricorporated, a. This is faid of a Bearing of the bodies of three Lions. rampant, conjoined under one head gardant in the Fefs- point ; fee Plate xv. Fig. 18. Tripping, a. Term ufed to fignify the quick motion of a Buck, Doe, Fawn, &c. reprefented with one foot up, as if it were on a trot ; fee Plate xvi, Fig. 17, TuRBANT, or 7 This Turband, / 3 word ferves tp fignify the cover worn by the Turks on their heads ; but as to that which the Grand Signior bears over his Arms, fee the defcription given of it p, 168. Turret, / A fmall Tower, Turreted, a. Having Turrets on the top. Tusk,/ The long tooth of an Elephant, or other Animal j V A Animal ;ieePlatexv\J'ig,i. Tusked, a. This is faid of an Anirtial whofe Tufks are of a different Tindture from llis body ; fee p. 129, Example 2, '- U UNdYj a. This is faid of an Ordinary formed of a waved line .; fee p. 23, PL, vu. Fig, 1. , Unguled, (?,Term which Iignifies ijoefed, , and is faid of the horny . ful^ftance on the' feet of Unicorns and graminivorous Animals ; fee Plate xvi. Fig. 10, Unjcqrn, / An imagi nary Animal ; fee p. 162, Example 13. Upright, a. Straight up or perpendicularly eredt. V VAiR, or ) A kind Vaire,/ 3 of Fur, formerly ufed- for lining the garraefits of Great- men, and Knights of renown. It is reprefented in engra ving by the Figures of little Bells reverfed, ranged in a line; iee Plate ii. Fig. 15, and Plate iii. Fig. 7. Of this Fur is fometimes formed a Crofs, a;, Bend, &c. *** La Colombiere ob ferves, -that when Furriers firft made this Lining, they iifed fmall pieces, moft fre quently of an Azure colour. V E which they /fitted to white Furs ; and he infers froin that, that thofe who have fettled the Rules of Heral dry decreed, in relation to Vair, that this Fur in its natural Blazon fhould be always Argent and Azure ; fo that if it be faid, fuch a family bears Vair, it is fup pofed to be Argent and A- zure; but if there be any- other Tindture, the fame muft be expreffed, faying, fuch a family bears Vairy Or atld Gules, or otherwife. Vairy, a. This is faid pfaField or Bearing charged with Vairs of a different Tindture frorti the proper ; fee Plate x. Fig. 20. Vambrace^, a. Term ufed to fignify three Arms habited in armour ; fee PI, xvi. Fig. 10. I Venus / The name of one of the Planets, ufed for the colour Vert, by fuch. Heralds as think fit to blazon: thus theArms of Sovereigns- and Princes, inftead of Me-: tals and Colours ; fee p. 15 and 17. , , . This colour was doubtlefs appropriated to her, on account of the' Fable of her coming out of the Sea, Verdoy, / Word appropriated to Bordures- charged with eight Leaves^ Flowers, Fruits, and other Vegetables}: V O Vegetables ; fee p. 29, Ex ample 12, and'P/af? iii. Fig. 1%. Vert, a. Term, derived froip the French word verd or verte, i. e. green. It is je^efented in engraving by diagonal lines drawn from the Dexter fide to the Si- oifter ; fee Pinie iii Fig. 5. ... . , This, colour, fa.ys La Colombiere, denotes Hope, Love, Joy, and Plenty, Viscount, / Thi« vras anciently a name of Office tinder an Earl* who being ofteRtimes^ required at th^ Court, was his Deputy to laQk-after the affairs of the topnty ; but m Henry the VI's time, it became a de gree of Honour. A Vif count is created by Patent, as an Earl is ; his Title is Right Honourable ; his Man tle is two Doublings and a half of plain Fur ; and his Coronet has only a row of Pearls clofe to the circle ; fee Plats xx. Fig. 13. Vp'iDED, a. This. term is applied to an Ordinary fo evacuated, as that nothing but the edge of it remains to fhew its form ; Plate, vii. Fig. 8. VpiDERS* / The name of a Figure confidered by Guillim as an Ordinary, it is ipuoh like the Flafques ; fee p, looi Fig. 11. •W H Volant, a. TheFreniik ¦wori for fiying, it is ufed" in the foregoing Treatife to denote the Pofition of three Bees,, reprefented in Plate xvii. Fig, 14, VoRANT, a. This terirt fignifies fwallowing up,, and is ufed in Blazonry to ex* prefs the adtion of any Ani mal, Fifh, Bird, or Reptilej; devourifflg or fwallowing ap another creature ; fee p* I4-4- ¦ Vulned, a. Word that fignifies wounded, in which fenfe it is ufed" in blazoning the Arms depidted in Fig. 4. Plate -xsid. W WAitED, a. This term is made ufe of in the foregoing Treatife, in blazoning a Cbat-of-arrns, inferted as a fingular cafe j fee p, 4g, Example 20* Wattled, a. Word fometimes ufed in- fpeaking of a Cock whofe Wattles of Gills are of a different Tindture, but JoUonjupped is better. Waved, or Wavy, a. 1 Ordinary formed of lines I bent or crooked, after the I manner of Waves rolling ; i fee p. 23, and Plate xii. Fig. 14. White, a. The ufe of this word in Heraldry is to fignify T This is y faid of an *W A w k fignify a plainFur, the w6rd, /Argent being, never ufed but to exprefs; that Tindture ; fee p. 20. . WiNGfiD, a. is faid of flying Creatures , in de fcribing the Colour their wings are of; fee p, 163, Exaniple 17 and 18. Wreath, / The leaft of the OrnamentSj, fet over the Helmet ; it is a fort of Chaplet made by th6 intexi ture or convolution of two different colours, and pri which Crefts are frequently placed; fee p,. 178,' 'aiid Plate xxi. Fig, 6, ¦ Wreathy,M ; ' l' { xl iMM 1 ( I !(! \\ 1|; ''"I'M" -»' lili'ir- ¦¦! 4^ «';i;;p*'!;ij!:i;.;^&^ »<¦ ..' '...«, .ij.'jl, ,5jj.j. ; ,.,wu , ,./,* *'/ c • till > .J i ^ ' ; ' 1 < » V:;ip4!=- ¦•5 , '1 <," • ' ' '> » ^«^ if< » STf ^'^'«> *?1 ** il .7' !>,;, \ ', ,;ni|S fl| .4« '• Hi ! 'JI 1 >l !! Z-m."'' i'