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YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
In Memory of
RUSSELL LORD
Yale 1910 S
from the fund established in 1928
by his mother
MRS. JOHN BRACKETT LORD

NOTHING BUT NAMES

NOTHING BUT NAMES

AN INQUIRY INTO THE ORIGIN OF THE
NAMES OF THE COUNTIES AND
TOWNSHIPS OF ONTARIO

BY
HERBERT FAIRBAIRN GARDINER, M.A.
Hamilton, Canada

¦Names are the pegs of history"
Schoolcraft

Toronto
George N. Morang and Company, Limited
1899

Entered according to Act of ParUament of Canada, in the year one thoii.sand
eig:ht hundred and ninety-nine, by George N. Morang & Company, Limited, in
the office of the Minister of Agriculture.

CaT^.2^0

PREFACE.

Quote from my work as much as e'er you please ;
For extracts, Io ! I'll put no angry face on ;
Nor fill a hungry lawyer's fist with fees,
To squeeze John Murray like the furious Mason. — Peter Pindar.
Should any reader of this book feel disposed to
demand his money back, his outraged feelings may be
mollified by the assurance that the book was not written
with malice aforethought; like Mrs. Stowe's Topsy, it never
was born — it grew. A casual conversation with a gentle
man, whose name had been given to a new township in
northern Ontario, suggested " Township Names '' as the
topic for an address at a church entertainment, and the
lecture notes have continued to expand until they reached
their present dimensions. The ground covered is that part
of Ontario south of Lake Nipissing. In the northern part
of Nipissing district and in Algoma there are many out
lined, but as yet unnamed, townships, to which names will
be given as the surveyors go on with their work. The
publication of a volume relating to the names of the
northern and north-western townships can be very
properly postponed until the surveys are completed,
but the field covered by this volume was neglected too
long, hence the present difficulty of making the record
complete. With the best will in the world to give credit
to whom credit is due, the author cannot undertake to
enumerate the hundreds of books consulted, nor to name
the scores of correspondents from whom he obtained infor
mation. Some of them are referred to in the text. No

vi NOTHING BUT NAMES
delusions are entertained with regard to the possible
popularity of a compilation of this kind. The book will
interest one class of Canadian readers, and its usefulness
as a book of reference will increase with the passage of the
years. Perhaps its perusal may stimulate members of
Historical Societies and others to put upon record, for the
use of future historians, facts relating to place-names which
a few years hence will otherwise be difficult to obtain.
There is abundant scope for investigation of this kind, in
the names of towns and villages, of lakes, bays and rivers —
even in the names of streets in towns and cities. A name
is selected for a well-known reason, of which no record is
made ; in course of time all the people acquainted with that
reason have died or moved away, and succeeding genera
tions are left to wonder and to guess about the origin of
the name. The writer makes no claim to omniscience nor
to infallibility ; he has simply done the best he could with
the materials obtainable, and he invites criticisms and
corrections, either public or private, and promises to make
good use in the future of any suggestions that may thus
come to him.

CONTENTS

county and township NAMES

Glengarry County
Stormont Dundas
Grenville LeedsPrescott Russell
Carleton Lanark
RenfrewFrontenac
Addington Lennox
Prince Edward
Hastings
Northumberland PeterboroughDurham
Victoria Ontario
York SimcoePeel
dufferinHalton
WellingtonWaterloo

PAGE.
• 9
i6
21
28
¦ 34
43
• 49 53
. 6276
. 1 12
131
¦ 143 148
• 155174
. 180
192
. 198210
. 216 223
• 232
256
. 242
246
• 256

viii NOTHING BUT NAMES
PAGE,
Wentworth County .... 261
Lincoln " . . . . . 267
Welland " ... 274
Haldimand " . . ... 281
Brant " ...... 289
Norfolk "..... . 293
Oxford " ...... 301
Elgin " . . . . . . 307
Middlesex " ...... 313
Kent " . . . . . . ., 324
Lambton " ...... 333
Essex " . ..... 341
Perth " ... . . 349
Huron " . . . . . . . 358
Bruce " . . . . . -371
Grey "... . . 383
Haliburton District
MUSKOKA "......
Parry Sound " ..... 441
Nipissing " . . . . . . . 482
Manitoulin Island ...... 517

395
419

COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP NAMES

The first duty of the historical chronicler is, by common consent,
some inquiry into the reason for the nomenclature of that particular
locality which he may have chosen for his depredations. In this
particular instance, however, we confess with regret that, in spite of
many hours of careful research, we have been quite unable to arrive
at any definite conclusion. Why Kensington should be so called,
antiquarians and such like do not tell us with unanimous voice, which
alone would justify conviction. — British Realm.
"In the city of Hamilton, township of Barton, county
of Wentworth, Province of Ontario, Dominion of Canada,
North America." Whence come all these proper names ?
When and by whom were they applied to the localities
indicated ? What do the words mean ? Why were they
chosen in preference to other names ? George Hamilton,
in the year 1 813, divided a portion of his farm, lot 15 in
the third concession of Barton, into building lots, and his
surname was given to the village thus brought into being.
The name of Barton is copied from a town in Lincolnshire,
England, because the Canadian county of Lincoln, at the
time when the township was named, extended from the
Niagara River to the Dundas Creek (Desjardins Canal),
taking in Barton and all the rest of the present South
Riding of Wentworth. Wentworth county was named in
honor of Sir John Wentworth, Governor of Nova Scotia,
for reasons which will be explained further on. The name
Ontario was given to the old Province of Upper Canada
at Confederation (1867) because the word Canada was
required for wider application. The name was taken from

2 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Lake Ontario, and the Indians used it to express their
idea of a "Handsome Lake." Canada may be a corruption
of the Spanish "il Capo di Nada" (Cape Nothing)
repeated by the Indians to the French as " Aea Nada "
(nothing here), or it may be from the Iroquois " Kanata "
(a collection of huts). America took its name from
Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian navigator, born 145 1.
The study of names is interesting, as is proved by the
frequent newspaper discussions on the origin of local
names. Nor is there any limit to the field for investigation.
Places are named after men, and men assume the names
of places. A township in Huron county was called
Stanley in honor of Lord Stanley, who was Secretary for
the Colonies, and one of Lord Stanle}''s ancestors took
the name of Stanleigh from a stony tract of country in
England. Arthur Collins, the author of the " peerage,"
published toward the close of the eighteenth century,
wrote : " All our antiquaries agree that surnames have
been taken from castles, manors, offices, etc., and that it
was usual in former ages for younger sons to denominate
themselves from the possessions or abodes of their
ancestors." The names of places in Ontario have, with a
few exceptions, been conferred within the last no years.
After the Peace of Versailles the claims of the supporters
of British monarchy, known as the United Empire
Loyalists, caused the creation in Canada of the new pro
vince now called Ontario. To the west of the river
Ottawa lay a rich and extensive territory, which, at the
close of the Revolutionary war, had scarcely begun to be
settled. The great region enclosed by the Lakes and the
St. Lawrence had less than 2,000 European dwellers
gathered round the fortified posts on the rivers St.
Lawrence, Niagara and St. Clair. With a view of
separating the Loyalist refugees from the old French

COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP NAMES 3
population, the home authorities caused Haldimand, the
Governor of Canada, to have surveys made along the
upper course of the St. Lawrence, on the northern shore
of Lake Ontario, and on the rivers Niagara and St. Clair.
Haldimand was not at first enthusiastic in the business, for
on November 27, 1783, he wrote from Quebec to Lord
North, saying that Canada would be of little service as a
commercial country, and it would be useless to incur
expense in defending it. He said the frontier to the east
of the St. Lawrence should be left unsettled for some time,
and then be settled by French Canadians, as an antidote
to the restless New England population. He enlarged
upon the danger of mischief by the settling of Loyalists,
who could not agree with the Americans, and said that he
would settle them on the St. Lawrence, towards the Ottawa,
and on the Bay of Chaleurs. During the year 1784 about
ten thousand new colonists were planted in Upper Canada
or Ontario. Large numbers of disbanded officers and
soldiers, with civilians who were quitting the United States
as British Loyalists, thus became the pioneers of civilization
and founders of a new colony. Governor Haldimand was
recalled in 1785.
In 1788 Lord Dorchester issued a proclamation, dated
at the castle of St. Louis, Quebec, forming a certain
number of new districts in the Province of Quebec. The
territory afterward included in Upper Canada was formed
into four districts, viz. : Lunenburg (properly Luneburg),
which extended from the borders of Lower Canada to the
Gananoque River ; Mecklenburg, from the Gananoque to
the Trent ; Nassau, from the Trent River to Long Point
on Lake Erie ; Hesse, which embraced the remaining
parts of Western Canada, including Detroit. To each
of these districts were appointed a Judge and a Sheriff.
In 1791 the Pitt Act was passed, making Upper

4 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Canada and Lower Canada separate provinces. At that
time there were distributed along the St. Lawrence, the
Bay of Quinte, Niagara frontier, Amherstburg, with the
French settlement on the Thames, and the Indians at
Grand River, about 20,000 souls, nearly all of whom had
found their way into what is now the Province of Ontario
since the close of the American War of the Revolution in
1783. Colonel John Graves Simcoe, the pioneer Governor of
Upper Canada, who was Lieutenant-Governor under Lord
Dorchester, entered upon the duties of his office July 8,
1792. Governor Simcoe divided the province into nineteen
counties, which he called Glengarry, Stormont, Dundas,
Grenville, Leeds, Frontenac, Ontario, Addington, Lennox,
Prince Edward, Hastings, Northumberland, Durham, York,
Lincoln, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Kent. Simcoe's Ontario
county included Wolfe, Howe, Amherst and the other
islands between Gananoque and Prince Edward county.
It was soon abolished, and does not appear on the map of
1798. Suffolk was located about where Elgin is now.
The first Parliament of Upper Canada, in 1792, changed
the names of the districts to Eastern, Midland, Home and
Western. In the session of 1798, a bill was passed, "to ascertain
and establish the boundary lines of the different townships
of the province," and another bill forming eight districts,
twenty-three counties and 158 townships.
A map of the province, on the scale of twenty miles
to one inch, was prepared by D. W. Smith, Acting Sur
veyor-General of Upper Canada, a copy of which is given
in the Dominion Archives of 1891. This map shows the
Province of Ontario, as it was organized 100 years ago,
and it will be referred to frequently in the following pages.

COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP NAMES 5
Mr. C. C. James, in his paper on Municipal Govern
ment, says the township is the basis or beginning of
municipal organization in Ontario. Toward the close of
the eighteenth century the first settlers brought to this
province the township form of government of New Eng
land, as distinguished from the county government of
Virginia and neighboring States. In. the. early settlement
of Ontario natural conditions had much to do with fixing
the boundaries of the townships which were first laid out
or surveyed along the St. Lawrence River, around the Bay
of Quinte, in the Niagara Peninsula and in the vicinity of
Detroit. These first scattered sections of settlements were
gradually connected by government roads, military roads
in some cases. As population increased new townships
were surveyed along these roads. The result was a great
variety in the size and the shape of the first townships.
Dr. William Canniff, author of " The Settlement of Upper
Canada" (1869) makes the following observations on the
selection of place-names in Upper Canada :
" The practice of naming places, rivers, etc., after
Royal personages and those occupying prominent places
in the public service, naturally arose from the intense
loyalty which reigned in the bosoms of all who had for
saken their old homes to settle under the old flag in the
wilderness. It will be observed how general was the habit
to give names derived from Great Britain and Englishmen.
The most notable exception to this is found in connection
with those places that received names during the time of
Sir Peregrine Maitland, who had a fancy for bestowing
Spanish names."
Ontario's township and county names have been taken
from the names of places in England, Ireland and Scotland ;
from the names and titles of British statesmen, many of
whom had official relations with the colony ; from the

6 NOTHING BUT NAMES
soldiers and sailors who helped to acquire or to preserve
Canada for the British Crown ; from King George the
Third and his fifteen more or less interesting children and
their titles ; from the Governors, Judges and other officials
who have lived and labored in Canada ; while not a few of
them were named after men whose chief title to distinction
was their persistency and success in land-grabbing. Then
there are Scripture names, botanical names and names of
animals ; Greek names and Latin names ; French and
Spanish names ; Christian names as well as surnames ;
names of men eminent in science, and names of wild
Indians. In tracing the origin of such a motley collection
of names the investigator may be easily induced to follow
a false trail. The people of a township which bears a
peculiar name are almost sure to have a theory with regard
to the origin of the name, which has emanated from some
body's fertile brain, received the sanction of tradition and
perhaps got into print. Then it is often reported that the
one man, who would have been able to tell all about a
township name, died just two, or five, or ten years ago,
without having imparted the secret to any survivor. The
inference is that the collection of data for a book on town
ship names has been postponed too long, yet there is
always room for hope that the possessors of the missing
links will put in an appearance in time to make their
knowledge available. Prof William F. Ganong, in his
" Monograph of the Place-Nomenclature of New Bruns
wick," says :
"To find an origin for a place-name is usually easy,
but to find the true origin is often difficult and sometimes
impossible. The speculations of early writers, before the
period of critical investigation about origins, are of little
value. In cases where the form of a word is plain, but the
cause of its application obscure, contemporary history must

COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP NAMES 7
be searched, and where this fails, tradition may be consulted.
But tradition is the least trustworthy of evidence, and in
affairs beyond the memory of the narrator quite as likely
. to be wrong as right, while for affairs of ancient date it is
worse than valueless. This is chiefly because the mind of
man, while craving an explanation of remarkable things, is
satisfied with a reasonable explanation and does not crave
conviction as to its correctness. Hence legends, guided
chiefly by accidental resemblances between words, grow up
to explain the origin of place-names whose real origin has
been forgotten. Europe is full of such (Antwerp, Mouse
Tower on the Rhine, etc.)."
The same author says : " Next to being able to give
the exact history of a name, it is important to give its first
recorded use, for this is a very long step towards finding
its origin." In accordance with this instruction, the figures
printed in parentheses after the county and township names
in this book are intended to show that the names were
bestowed at or shortly before the dates given. Where
direct statement was available it has been used, as in
Fothergill's Almanac of 1824, the information to immi
grants that townships named Eldon, Fenelon, Verulam,
Harvey, Douro, etc., " are now under survey,'' or in Smith's
Canada (185 1) that two ranges of townships have been
marked out west of Renfrew, and that three of these
townships have been already named, viz. : Br-ougham,
Wilberforce and Grattan. In other cases it has been
necessary to depend upon circumstantial evidence, such as
this : The townships of Keppel, Albemarle and St.
Edmund's do not appear on the maps in Smith's Canada
(185 1 ). It is known that Lord Bury, son of the Earl of
Albemarle, was in Canada in 1855, and went back to
England in 1856, and that these townships are named after
his family and their titles. Ergo, the date 1855, for the

8 NOTHING BUT NAMES
names Keppel, Albemarle and St. Edmund's. Where it
is on record, and no better authority is obtainable, the date
of survey is taken from the Crown Lands Reports.
In a few cases traditions — some of them perhaps
bordering upon the absurd — have been given, in the
absence of better information, which has not been obtain
able either by research or by correspondence. Even at the
risk of repeating " what everybody knows," the plan of
the writer is to tell a little story about each person, place
or thing from whom or from which the county or township
name is taken — a feature which will enhance the value of
the compilation fifty years hence. When one observes
how slight is the knowledge of the present-day schoolboy
regarding the public men of the pre-Confederation period,
it is possible to estimate the mystery which will surround
some of the township names in northern Ontario half a
century after the completion of the surveyor's work.
In the preface to his " Sketches of Upper Canada "
(1822), Robert Gourlay says : "The surveys made during
the government of the Duke of Richmond, having been
received from Upper Canada, are now added, including
more than fifty townships. The mischief done by the Duke
of Richmond in laying out so many townships for settle
ment, and hurrying poor emigrants into the depths of the
wilderness, without thought or preparation, was infinite :
discomfort, want, ague and death." Some of the names
conferred upon townships about that period, e.g., Kaladar,
Mulmur and Garafraxa, have proved very elusive, necessi
tating the resort to unreliable tradition which Prof
Ganong so properly deprecates.

GLENGARRY COUNTY

GLENGARRY COUNTY (1792)

It's " welcome Glengarry; thy Clansman's fast friend ; "
It's " welcome to joys that shall ne'er have an end."
The halls of great Odin are open to thee,
O " welcome Glengarry, the gallant and free." — Sir Walter Scott,
Glengarry takes its name from the famous glen in
Inverness, Scotland, on the little river Garry — a charming
valley, abounding in the most fascinating scenery. It has,
in its beautiful Loch Garry, and its endless succession of
birch-clad knolls, a character quite peculiar. Near the
mouth of the Garry, and close to the loch, are the ruins of
the ancient castle of Invergarry, situated on a rock. It
was burnt by the Duke of Cumberland after the rebellion
of 1745. The chief of the Macdonnells in 1839 sold his
estate of Glenquoich to Edward Ellice, Esq., (see Ellice
township), and emigrated, along with a considerable part
of his clan, to Australia. Near Invergarry Castle a small
monument, erected by the late Colonel Macdonell of Glen
garry, commemorates the vengeance inflicted by a former
chief of Glengarry on the murderers of the Keppoch family.
This eccentric chief was the original of the character of
Fergus Mclvor in the novel of " Waverley." Macaulay
says that the history of the Highland clans abounds with
frightful tales, some perhaps fabulous or exaggerated, some
certainly true, of vindictive massacres and assassinations.
The Macdonalds of Glengarry, for example, having been
affronted by the people of a parish near Inverness,

IO NOTHING BUT NAMES
surrounded the parish church on a Sunday, shut the doors
and burned the whole congregation alive. While the
flames were raging, the hereditary musicians of the mur
derers mocked the shrieks of the perishing crowd with the
notes of the bagpipe. The same historian describes the
Macdonald of Glengarry who flourished in the time of
William III. as "conspicuous by his dark brow and his
lofty stature," and adds that " none of the rulers of the
mountains had a higher sense of his personal dignity, or
was more frequently engaged in disputes with other chiefs."
After the battle of Culloden, in 1746, many Scottish High
landers left the land of their birth, and quite a number of
them on the invitation of Sir William Johnson found a
home in the Mohawk Valley, in the Province (now State)
of New York. When the Revolutionary war broke out,
they remained loyal to the King, and left the United
States, fighting their way to Canada and settling on the
Niagara frontier, on the Bay of Quinte and on the banks of
the St. Lawrence, where are now the counties of Glengarry
and Stormont. The last-named settlement was augmented
in the following manner. Between the years 1780 and
1790, consolidation of the small farms in the Highlands of
Scotland caused great distress to the dispossessed tenants.
Bishop McDonnell, born 1761, found employment for many
of them in the Glasgow factories, but when trade became
dull and employment failed, he got the King's permission
to raise a Catholic regiment, which did good service in
repressing the Irish rebellion of 1798. The disbanding of
the regiment during the Peace of Amiens, 1802, again
reduced the Glengarry men to want, and the Bishop applied
for land in Canada on which they might settle. Premier
Addington (Lord Sidmouth) wanted to send them to
Trinidad, but finally the Bishop got for every one of the
Glengarry regiment, who would consent to emigrate, a

GLENGARRY COUNTY n
grant of 200 acres of land in Canada. The Bishop raised
the Glengarry Fencibles regiment for the war of 1812, and
for this and other services Earl Bathurst granted him a
salary of ;^6oo a year, and made him the first diocesan
Catholic Bishop in the British dominions since the Refor
mation. In 1839 Bishop McDonnell went to England with
his friend. Dr. Rolph, of Ancaster, to arrange for more
emigration of Highlanders to Canada. He died there in
1 840, aged 79 years.

LANCASTER TOWNSHIP (1787)

My lord, my answer is — to Lancaster. — King Richard II,
This township was named after the maritime county of
Lancaster in England, situated on the Irish Sea and noted
for the production of coal, copper, lead and iron. The title
of Duke of Lancaster has generally been borne by the
reigning sovereign since the time of John of Gaunt, and
from the property belonging to the Duchy arises a
considerable part of the land revenue of the Crown.
Lancashire is now the great seat of the cotton manufacture.
In the town of Lancaster a fortress existed in Saxon times,
which was destroyed by the Picts and Scots. During the
civil wars between the rival Houses of York and Lancaster,
the town suffered so much that it was nearly depopulated.
The castle was used in modern times as a county jail.
The selection of the township name, Lancaster, was doubt
less intended as a compliment to King George III., Duke
of Lancaster. On Patrick McNiff's map, made for Sir John

12 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Johnson, Nov. i, 1786, Lancaster is called the "Lake
Township," and the five river townships west of Lancaster
were numbered but not named. The present names of
these townships appear, however, in Lord Dorchester's
proclamation of 1788.

CHARLOTTENBURG TOWNSHIP (1787)

Charlotte, having seen his body
Borne before her on a shutter,
Like a well-conducted person.
Went on cutting bread and butter. — W. M, Thackeray,
Probably because some German soldiers, who had
fought on the British side in the war of the American
Revolution, settled within its limits, this township was
named after the town of Charlottenburg in the Prussian
Province of Brandenburg, on the bank of the river Spree,
connected with Berlin by a fine promenade — a place which
takes its name from Sophia Dorothea Charlotte, the queen
of Frederick William I., who in 1706 caused a palace to be
built there. She was a daughter of George I., of England.
Frederick the Great added a new chateau, and endowed it
with a valuable gallery of art, which was injured by the
Austrians in 1760.

GLENGARRY COUNTY

LOCHIEL TOWNSHIP (1816)

Lochiel, Lochiel, beware of the day
When the Lowland shall meet you in battle array. — Campbell,
Lochiel township was cut off from the northern part
of Lancaster in the year 18 16.
" Eye witnesses describe murders perpetrated by the
direct command of the Duke of Cumberland — wounded
on the field ordered to be shot — one man hanged by his
orders, without even the ceremony of investigation or trial
— another lashed to the limit of physical endurance —
others hacked with the broad sword to death. The country
was laid waste with fire and sword. The castles of Lovat,
Glengarry and Lochiel were burnt. Huts and hovels were
destroyed ; vyithout distinction of age, or sex, or rank,
without proof of guilt or the existence of suspicion, the
miserable inhabitants were shot like wild beasts upon their
mountains, or driven with their cattle to be butchered with
them in the south, while naked women were compelled to
ride on horses, and were thereafter violated." — Forbes'
Jacobite Memoirs.
"The virtues of Duncan Forbes and of Colonel Gardiner
shed a lustre on the scene disgraced by the Duke of
Cumberland and his myrmidons ; the generous devotion of
Lochiel elevates a party for which such a victim as Lovat
died." — North British Review.
Achnacarry, the mansion of Lochiel, chief of the Clan
Cameron, is delightfully situated, and completely em
bosomed in wood. Close beside the present building are
the walls of the old mansion, burned by the Duke of

14 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Cumberland in 1746. The banks of the Loch Lochy are
frequented by herds of Lochiel's celebrated red deer. A
small wooded island at the lower end of the lake has been
for ages the burying place of the family of Lochiel. Their
name was originally MacMartin, but they adopted the
name Cameron on the marriage of a daughter of their
chief with a gentleman named Camarriens or Chambers.
Sir Evan Cameron, whom Byron, in his note to Childe
Harold, calls the " gentle Lochiel of the forty-five," was,
according to Macaulay, " in personal qualities unrivalled
among the Celtic princes. He was a gracious master, a
trusty ally, a terrible enemy. His countenance and bearing
were singularly noble. In person and manner Lochiel
resembled Louis XIV. of France, but in stature the differ
ence was great. Lochiel was tall and strongly built, and
had few equals in agility and skill at his weapons, nor was
he less distinguished by intellectual than by bodily vigor."

KENYON TOWNSHIP (1798)

Lord Kenyon's respected old father (like many
Respected old fathers) was fond of a penny.
. — Moore.
Kenyon township takes its name from Lloyd, Lord
Kenyon, born at Gredington, in Flintshire, 1732, died
1802. He was the son of a Welsh squire, called to the
bar in 1756 ; he attracted the attention of Lord Thurlow,
who appointed him Chief Justice of Cheshire. In 1782 he
was made Attorney-General, and two years later Master of
the Rolls. On the retirement of Lord Mansfield, in 1788,

GLENGARRY COUNTY 15
Pitt made Kenyon Chief Justice of the King's Bench,
with the title of Lord Kenyon, Baron of Gredington. He
was disliked by the bar for his overbearing disposition
and insolent manners, but favored by the public on
account of the rigid impartiality of his decisions, and his
profound knowledge of the law. He accumulated by his
professional labors a fortune of ^^"300,000. Lord Kenyon
on the Bench had no respect for class distinctions, and
his severe judgments in certain gambling cases were most
effective in checking that destructive vice, which had
become so prevalent that the very houses of the nobility
were turned into common gambling houses.
There is a village called Kenyon, in Lancashire, Eng
land, 13 miles from Manchester.

i6 NOTHING BUT NAMES

STORMONT COUNTY (1792)

And well he knew that maiden's love
Is by such lone endearments won,
And much he feared that Athol's lord
Erol and Stormont would o'er-run. — Ballad of King Gregory.
Stormont county was so called in honor of David
Murray, seventh Viscount Stormont and second Earl of
Mansfield, born in 1727, buried in Westminster Abbey in
1796. He was Justice General of Scotland, joint clerk of
the Court of King's Bench, Ambassador Extraordinary to
Austria and France, a Secretary of State and President of
the Privy Council. By his first wife, Viscount Stormont
had one daughter, who married George Finch-Hatton,
M.P., in 1785, and became the mother of George William
Finch-Hatton, ninth Earl of Winchilsea. By his second
wife, a daughter of Lord Cathcart, Viscount Stormont had
four sons, the eldest of whom, David William Murray, third
Earl of Mansfield, married Frederica, daughter of Most
Rev. William Markham, D.D., Archbishop of York (see
Markham township); and their son William David Murray,
fourth Earl of Mansfield, born in 1806, lived till August 2,
1898, and was known as the Father of the House of Lords.
He was elected to the House of Commons in 1830, and
occupied a seat in that chamber until his succession to the
peerage in 1840.
The first Earl of Mansfield, William Murray, born 1705,
died 1793, was an uncle of Viscount Stormont, the second
Earl. He was Attorney-General in 1-754 and Chief Justice

STORMONT COUNTY 17
of the King's Bench, 1756-88. His wife was Lady Eliza
beth Finch, daughter of the sixth Earl of Winchilsea. It
was of the first Lord Mansfield that Junius wrote : " No
learned man, even among your own tribe, thinks you
qualified to preside in a court of common law." His house
was ransacked during the Gordon riots. Lord Mansfield
decided that a slave setting foot on the soil of England
thereby attained his liberty.
The title of Stormont, which dates from 162 1, was
taken from Stormont Loch and the beautiful district of
Stormont in Perthshire. The seat of the family is Scone
Palace, near Perth, an immense modern building occupying
the site of the ancient palace of the kings of Scotland.
Charles II. was crowned in the old edifice in 165 1, and the
Chevalier de St. George in 171 5. Much of the old
furniture has been preserved in the modern house, including
a bed used by King James VI., and some of the handiwork
of Queen Mary of Scotland.

CORNWALL TOWNSHIP (1787)

Or has thy good woman, if one thou hast.
Ever here in Cornwall been ?
For, an' if she have, I'll venture my life
She has drank of the Well of St. Keyne. — Southey.
This township takes its name from Cornwall, the most
westerly county in Britain, which is nearly surrounded by
the sea. From its soil and climate, Cornwall is apparently
one of the least inviting of the English counties, but among
its mineral products are tin, copper, lead, silver, gold,

i8 NOTHING BUT NAMES
cobalt, arsenic, antimony, soap rock and china stone, as
well as topaz and asbestos. Tradition regards Cornwall as
the birthplace of the renowned King Arthur, who suc
ceeded his father about the year 516, and who was
immediately engaged in warfare against the Saxons, with
whom he fought twelve battles. In the reign of Athelstan,
A.D. 968, all Cornwall was subjugated by the Saxons, after
500 years of strife. Macaulay describes the people of
Cornwall two hundred years ago as a fierce, bold and
athletic race, among whom there was a stronger provincial
feeling than in any other part of the realm. The title of
Duke of Cornwall has been borne by the eldest son of the
reigning sovereign since the time of Edward the Black
Prince, 1337. The selection of the name for this township
was a compliment to the Prince of Wales, afterwards King
George IV.
Dr. Scadding says that Cornwall township is named
after an English family, and not after the English county.
Captain James Cornwall, R.N., was killed, off Toulon, in
1743. His monument is in Westminster Abbey. This
theory, unsupported by explanation or argument, appears
improbable. If the township was named after a man, it
would more likely be Right Hon. C. W. Cornwall, M.P. for
Rye, who was Speaker of the House of Commons in 1784
and also in 1791, when the division on the Canada Bill was
recorded. Sir George Cornwall, M.P. for Herefordshire,
voted against the bill.

STORMONT COUNTY 19

OSNABRUCK TOWNSHIP (1787)

The sin, the crying sin, of rambling
Where Osnaburgh's good Bishop, gambling.
Lost some few golden feathers from his wings. — P. Pindar.
This township was called after Osnabruck, a town and
province in Hanover, belonging to the House of Bruns
wick, where George I. was born. Until 1802, Osnabruck
was a bishopric, having been founded by Charlemagne.
The last hereditary bishop, Frederick, Duke of York, son
of King George III., ceded Osnabruck (also called
Osnaburg) to Hanover, the office of a bishop being by no
means appropriate to a man of his character and habits.
The selection of the township name was intended as a
compliment to Prince Frederick.

ROXBOROUGH TOWNSHIP (1798)

Once more the battle closes fierce and far.
And Tweed's soft murmur dies in shouts of war,
Round Roxburgh's walls lie leaguring hosts again —
And Ancrum's moor is swept with sanguine rain.
— VVilliam JVye Smith.
This township took its name from Roxburghshire, a
border county of Scotland, very rich in remains of monastic
magnificence. In the days of border warfare, it was the
scene of many a bloody fight, and Sir Walter Scott has

20 NOTHING BUT NAMES
made many of its traditions familiar to the world. Rox
burgh Castle was dismantled 400 years ago, and only a
few fragments of the walls remain. James II. of Scotland
was killed while besieging it.
Right Hon. John Ker, third Duke of Roxburgh, was
an intimate friend of King George III., whose affection for
him was continually displayed, and with whom he may be
said to have lived on terms of cordial and friendly intimacy.
This friendship explains the selection of the township
name. His Majesty had, in early life, promised to bestow
upon the Duke the office of Keeper of the Great Seal of
Scotland, and when Secretary of State Dundas insisted
upon the appointment being given to the Duke of Gordon,
there was a lively dispute between the King and his
Minister. The Duke of Roxburgh introduced turnip
husbandry, which amazingly improved his estates and
increased his rental. He became a great collector of rare
books, and after his death the sale of his library occupied
forty-two days and produced above ;^22,0OO, the Marquis
of Blandford paying ;^2,26o for a 147 1 edition of the
" Decamerone di Boccaccio," which was afterwards sold to
Earl Spencer for .^800. The Duke died in 1804, and the
lawyers reaped a rich harvest from the long litigation over
his will.

FINCH TOWNSHIP (1798)

Finch was a younger brother's youngest son.
Who pleased an uncle with his song and gun. — Crahbe.
Finch township takes its name from Lady Elizabeth
Finch, the aunt, or George Finch-Hatton, the son-in-law of
Viscount Stormont.

DUNDAS COUNTY

DUNDAS COUNTY (1792)

And ane, a chap that's real auldfarran,
Dundas his name.

Keep London still — no matter how they carp —
Well, well, go back, and bid Dundas look sharp.
— Peter Pindar.
This county is called after Henry Dundas, Viscount
Melville, son of Right Hon. Robert Dundas, born 1741,
died 1811, who was a Minister under Rockingham,
Shelburne and Pitt, Secretary of State both for the Home
Department and for War, and whose name appears
frequently as the writer and receiver of letters relating to
Canada in the Archives. The Dundases of Arniston were
descended from George Dundas, of Dundas, sixteenth in
descent from the Dunbars, Earls of March. Macaulay
describes King George III. as telling Henry Dundas to
" keep his Scotch metaphysics to himself," when the
Minister tried to persuade the King that it would be right
to relieve the Catholics of their political disabilities. He
also says that Henry Dundas, the Lord Advocate of
Scotland, was " an able and versatile politician," and in
speaking of Pitt's niggardly treatment of literary men,
Macaulay says : " Even Dundas, who made no pretensions
to literary taste, and was coq^tent to be considered as a
hard-headed and somewhat coarse man of business, made
Robert Burns an exciseman, with £10 a year ; and this
was more than Pitt, during his long term of office, did for

22 NOTHING BUT NAMES
the encouragement of letters." Dundas became Lord
Melville and was dismissed from office and impeached for
peculation, " though few believed that he himself profited
by the scandalous dishonesty which prevailed in his office."
After his trial. Lord Melville retired into private life and
died at Edinburgh. His first wife was Elizabeth Rennie ;
his second, Lady Jane Hope, sister of Lord Hopetoun,
who afterwards married Lord Wallace (see Wallace town
ship). A handsome monument, 136 feet high, with a
statue fourteen feet high, was erected by subscription in
Edinburgh to the memory of Lord Melville, who " never,
in the exercise of his patronage, overlooked the claims of
his own countrymen." A friendly biographer says he
" possessed all the good and high qualifications which are
boasted of as peculiar to Scotsmen, besides others not
always allied with them." Dr. Doran, in his book on
"Habits and Men," published in 1854, says: "We read
now with something of wonder, of Charles Fox and the
Prince of Wales getting drunk tete-a-tete in St. James
street, and of Pitt and Dundas riding home in the same
happy state from Addiscombe, bilking the turnpikes and
being fired at for highwaymen."

WILLIAMSBURG TOWNSHIP (1787)

But see a beauty in King William's days.
With that long waist, and those enormous stays. — Crabhe.
This township was named in honor of Prince William
Henry, third son of King George IIL, born 1765, who

DUNDAS COUNTY 23
succeeded his brother George on the throne, as King
William IV., in 1830, ^.nd died in 1837. At the age of
fourteen he was entered as midshipman on the Prince
George, of ninety-eight guns, under Admiral Digby. He
saw rough service in the Bay of Biscay against the Spanish
and French fleets, and in 1781 was attached to the fleet
sent to the relief of Gibraltar, which succeeded in landing
the provisions and gunpowder under a tremendous
cannonade. Under Lord Hood and Lord Nelson he served
on the American coast, visiting Jamaica, Havana, Louisiana,
Boston and Quebec. The town of Sorel, at the mouth of
the Richelieu River, was called William Henry in his
honor. In 1789, Prince William Henry was created Duke
of Clarence and Earl of Munster. In 1811 he succeeded
Sir William Parker as Admiral of the fleet. In 181 8 the
Duke of Clarence married Her Serene Highness Adelaide
Amelia Louisa Theresa Caroline, Princess of Saxe
Meinengen (see Adelaide township). As a child. Prince
William was "the pet of the royal household. His gambols
relaxed the cares of majesty and relieved the ceremonious-
ness of courts." As a sailor, according to Lord Nelson,
the Prince "had his foibles, as well as private men, but
they were far overbalanced by his virtues." He paid
attention to orders, showed respect to his superior officer,
kept up strict discipline in his ship, which, Nelson wrote,
was one of the finest frigates he had seen. As King,
William IV., " a simple, genial sailor, walked in London
streets, with his umbrella under his arm, frankly shook
hands with old acquaintances, and was a favorite with the
people." Stockmar's description of Prince William was :
" Duke of Clarence — the smallest and least good-looking
of the brothers ; decidedly like his mother ; as talkative as
the rest."

24 NOTHING BUT NAMES

MATILDA TOWNSHIP (1787)

Yet all Matilda could, she gave
In pity to her gentle slave. — Rokeby.
Matilda township was named after the Princess
Royal, Charlotte Augusta Matilda, born 1766, died 1828;
first daughter of King George III. She married, in 1797,
Frederick, King of Wurtemburg. Frederick William, the
hereditary Prince of Wurtemburg, had been married before,
and there was a mysterious rumor about the manner of
the death of his first wife. When the Princess Royal of
England had been married to him by the Archbishop of
Canterbury, and they were about to leave England, " the
Princess hung upon her father's neck overvvhelmed in
grief, and it was not until her consort urged her to close
the painful scene, that she could be prevailed on to leave
her father. This was to be the beginning of a sad and
disastrous life, during which the Princess acquitted herself
with all the fortitude of a daughter of her house."
Napoleon made her husband King of Wurtemburg, and
the Princess, hating the French Emperor as only an
English woman could, was obliged to treat him with
civility to save her husband's kingdom. In letters written
by her after her husband's death, she professed great
attachment to him, and hoped to meet him in a better
world. In 1821, she wrote : " God grant that we may see
Great Britain again loyal and happy, as it was in former
times, before the mania of democracy had more or less
spread in every country of Europe."

DUNDAS COUNTY

WINCHESTER TOWNSHIP (1798)

Have patience, noble duke ; I may not open ;
The Cardinal of Winchester forbids. — King Henry VJ.
Winchester township was named after the city in
Hampshire, England, which was the home and capital of
King Alfred the Great, and where he and King Canute
were buried. The English Winchester is situated on the
river Itchen. It was called by the Britons Caer Gwent, or
the White City, from its being built on a chalky soil.
Previous to the Christian era, that part of England was
invaded, and the inhabitants extirpated or reduced to
slavery, by a tribe from Belgic Gaul, who made Winchester
their metropolis, till they were in turn conquered by the
Romans. Near the city have been discovered sepulchral
urns, coins and other Roman antiquities. Among the
petty native princes who exercised a delegated authority
under the Romans was Lucius, who lived in the second
century and is supposed by some to have been the third in
descent from the celebrated Caradock, or Caractacus, (see
Caradoc township), and to have reigned at Winchester.
He introduced Christianity and erected a cathedral church.
At a subsequent period, the British prince Vortigern also
made Winchester his capital, and Cedric the Saxon did
the same. A memorial of Winchester's ancient superiority
over London as the capital city remains in the denomination
of measures, as Winchester ells and Winchester quarts.
After the Norman conquest, Winchester was frequently the
residence of the sovereign. William Rufus was crowned

26 NOTHING BUT NAMES
there, and in his time the city had a royal mint, treasury
and public record office, and likewise a royal palace and
two strong castles, one for the King and the other for the
Bishop. Henry III., son of King John, was born at
Winchester, as was Prince Arthur, son of Henry VII.
Hyde Abbey at Winchester was founded by Alfred the
Great, and there he died and was buried. Winchester is
entitled to be the centre of all the homage the whole
empire may pay to the memory of the first King of United
England, the real founder of the present world-wide
empire. One thousand years ago, King Alfred freed
England from foreign domination and made it a united
kingdom. He founded schools and began the intellectual
life of the English people. He introduced into England
the system of accurate measurement of time. He founded
the foreign commerce of England. He gave the English-
speaking world its common law. He fought fifty-six
battles by sea and land. He reigned for thirty years, and
died leaving a private name and a public record unsullied
and unstained, but luminous with such glory as few
monarchs in any land or age have won or merited.

MOUNTAIN TOWNSHIP (1798)

Mountain township was named in honor of the Right
Rev. Jacob Mountain, D.D., first Protestant Bishop of
Quebec, born at Thwaite Hall, Norfolk, England, in 1750,
died at Marchmont, the seat of General Sir John Harvey
(see Harvey township) near Quebec, in 1825. The family
was originally a French Protestant one, and the name was

DUNDAS COUNTY 27
Montaigne. Dr. Mountain attended Caius College, Cam
bridge, and was a friend of Mr. Pitt. In 1781 he married
Miss Eliza Kentish, of Essex County, by whom he had
four sons and two daughters. In 1793 he was appointed
Bishop of Quebec, there being at that time only six
clergymen in Lower Canada and three in Upper Canada.
He was the father and the founder of the Anglican
Church in British North America, and performed impor
tant services as a member of the Executive and Legislative
Councils. In the former capacity he sat frequently in the
Court of Appeals.
His son, George Jehoshaphat Mountain, D.D., born in
1789, was consecrated Bishop of Montreal in 1836, and
was for many years Bishop of Quebec. He visited the
Red River settlements in 1844, and in 1849 ministered to
the fever-stricken immigrants at Grosse Isle, as he had
done to those affected by the cholera in 1832-34. The
second Bishop Mountain was the founder of Bishop's
College, Lennoxville, Que.
Colonel Arminie Simcoe Henry Mountain, another son
of the first Bishop, born at Quebec, 1797, spoke and wrote
most of the European and several of the Oriental tongues.
He served in India under Sir Colin Halkett, Lord William
Bentinck, Lord Gough and Lord Dalhousie. He died of
fever in 1854, near Cawnpore.
According to Lord Durham's report, 12,000 acres of
Crown lands were granted to Dr. Mountain, Bishop of
Quebec.

28 NOTHING BUT NAMES

GRENVILLE COUNTY (1792)

Who, 1 doubt not, will write (as there's no time to lose)
By the twopenny post to tell Grenville the news

¦Moore.

This county was named in honor of William Wyndham
Grenville, born in 1759, died 1834. He was elected to the
House of Commons in 1782, chosen Speaker in 1789,
appointed Secretary of State for the Home Department
and created Baron Grenville in 1790, Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs 1 791 -i 801, First Lord of the Treasury
in 1806. He voted in favor of the Canada Bill. He was
a brother of George Grenville, third Earl Temple, who was
created Marquis of Buckingham in 1784, and who was
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ; a cousin of Right Hon.
William Pitt, whom he assisted in promoting the Union
with Ireland, but whose second Government he opposed
until Mr. Pitt's death, when he united with Mr. Fox to
form the short-lived Government of " All the Talents."
Lord Grenville labored hard for Catholic Emancipation
and thus incurred the violent dislike of King George III.,
who summarily dismissed him and the other Ministers who
formed the Government. Lord Grenville once said in the
British House of Lords, a body to which the Canadian
Senate has sometimes been compared : " My Lords, you
possess the power, a great power, for good. But there is
a power which you do not possess — any more than the
House of Commons, any more than the constitutional
sovereigns of this country — you have not the power to
treat with contempt the national will when it is legitimately

GRENVILLE COUNTY 29
and constitutionally expressed." Lord Grenville's father,
George Grenville, born 17 12, died 1770, a brother-in-law
of William Pitt, first Earl of Chatham, was the reputed
author of the famous Stamp Act, which was the immediate
cause of the revolt of the American Colonies. He entered
Parliament in 1741, was Chancellor of the Exchequer and
First Lord of the Treasury in 1763, his brother. Lord
Temple, being with Mr. Pitt in the opposition, but in 1765
Mr. Grenville resigned the Premiership, giving place to
Lord Rockingham. " Grenville himself was ploddingly
industrious and not without financial ability, but his mind
was narrow and pedantic in its tone. Grenville had no
mind to change his plans. In February, 1765, the Stamp
Act was passed through both Houses with less opposition
than a turnpike bill. At this critical moment Pitt was
absent from the House of Commons, ill. It was wittily
said, at a later day, that Mr. Grenville lost America
because he read the American despatches, which none of
his predecessors ever did." — Green. The Grenville family
are well housed in a magnificent mansion at Stowe, in
Buckinghamshire, the construction of which was begun
more than two hundred years ago by Sir Richard Temple,
who died in 1697. The edifice was enlarged by Lord
Cobham and his descendants for several generations, until
the entire front of the building is now 916 feet in length,
the surrounding pleasure grounds covering 500 acres.
The saloon is an oval of sixty by forty feet, encircled by
Scagliola columns in imitation of Sicilian jasper, sur
mounted by a magnificent frieze in alto-relievo, consisting
of more than 300 figures, representing the procession of a
Roman triumph and sacrifice ; the floor is of white Carrara
marble in four-feet squares. In the manuscript library are
some curiously carved chairs in ebony and ivory, which
belonged to Cardinal Wolsey.

30 NOTHING BUT NAMES

EDWARDSBURG TOWNSHIP (1787)

Which done, God take King Edward to his mercy.
And leave the world for me to bustle in. —King Richard III.
This township was named in honor of Prince Edward,
Duke of Kent. (See Prince Edward County).

AUGUSTA TOWNSHIP (1787)

Princes and Princesses I like, so loyal —
Great George's children are my great delight ;
The sweet Augusta, and sweet Princess Royal,
Obtain my love by day, and pray'rs by night. — Peter Pindar.
This township was called after Princess Augusta
Sophia, second daughter of King George III., born in
1768, died unmarried in 1840. Queen Charlotte was not
as good a hand to find husbands for her daughters as
some Royal mothers have been. The Princess Royal in
one of her letters speaks of Augusta's great shyness. As
a letter writer herself, Augusta was, in her youth, impulsive
and affectionate, pouring out her thoughts with a spon
taneous warmth that lent a graphic literary power to her
productions. She got the better of her shyness in time,
for when the poet Moore visited the Princesses, Augusta
went to the piano and played for him some new airs she
had composed to his words. They chatted about Lord

GRENVILLE COUNTY 31
Kenyon's stinginess (see Kenyon township), and Augusta
told how her father used to send despatches to Lord
Kenyon after seven o'clock, when he knew that the judge
would have gone to bed to save candle-light. When
Prince Edward died. Princess Augusta wrote : " God
knows what is for the best, and I hope I bow with
submission to this, my severe trial ; but when 1 think of
his poor, miserable wife and his innocent, fatherless
child, it nearly breaks my heart. She has conducted
herself like an angel. She quite adored poor Edward, and
they were truly blessed in each other."

SOUTH GOWER TOWNSHIP (1798)

To sing a song of old was sung.
From ashes ancient Gower is come.
— Pericles, Prince of Tyre.
GowER township took its name from Admiral the
Hon. John Leveson Gower, second son of tjie first Earl
Gower, born 1740, died 1792, who distinguished himself as
the Commander of Quebec and at the relief of Gibraltar,.
1782; and was Lord of the Admiralty, 1783-89. When
Prince William was third lieutenant of the Hebe frigate in
1785, the Hon. John Leveson Gower hoisted his broad
pennant on board, and proceeded on a cruise round Great
Britain. His Royal Highness on that occasion saw more
of his native country than any British monarch had ever
seen before. Sir Granville, second Earl Gower, elder
brother of the preceding, born 1721, created Marquis of
Stafford 1786, died 1803, was a member of the House of
Commons and filled various Ministerial offices 1744-54 r

32 NOTHING BUT NAMES
was President of the Privy Council 1768-79 and 1783-94.
Earl Gower and Hon. J. L. Gower both voted in favor of the
Canada Bill. Earl Gower's son, George Granville Gower,
second Marquis of Stafford (see Stafford township), became
Duke of Sutherland, and his second son became Earl and
Viscount Granville. The second son of the first Duke of
Sutherland (grandson of Earl Gower, first Marquis of
Stafford), became Earl of Ellesmere. The poet Gower,
contemporary with Chaucer, was born at Swansea, in
Glamorganshire.

OXFORD TOWNSHIP (1798)

The King to Oxford sent a troop of horse,
For Tories own no argument but force ;
With equal skill to Cambridge books he sent.
For Whigs admit no force but argument. — Sir William Browne.
This township was called Oxford on the Rideau, to
distinguish it from Oxford on the Thames. (See Oxford
county).

WOLFORD TOWNSHIP (1797)

Wolford in Devon, where brave Simcoe sleeps.
Whose name in proud respect Ontario keeps. — Charles Dever.
This township was named after Wolford, a property
belonging to Governor Simcoe, near Honiton, in Devon
shire. He was buried at his domestic chapel at Wolford.

GRENVILLE COUNTY 33
A monument to his memory, by Flaxman, was erected in
Exeter Cathedral. Dr. Scadding, in "Toronto of Old,"
mentions Captain J. K. Simcoe, R.N., of Wolford, in the
county of Devon. In the Archives, there is mention of a
letter from J. G. Simcoe to John King, dated Wolford
Lodge, May 2, 1802, recommending the appointment of
Mr. Bouchette (as Surveyor General) and asking that the
letter be laid before Lord Hobart.

34

NOTHING BUT NAMES

LEEDS COUNTY (1792)

Leeds is as stiff as any stake
And leaner, Dick, than any rake ;
Envy is not so pale ;
And though, by selling of us all,
He has wrought himself in to Whitehall,
He looks like bird of gaol.
This county was called after Francis Godolphin
Osborne, the fifth Duke of Leeds, who was Secretary of
State for the Home Department in the Shelburne Govern
ment in 1783, and whose wife, Lady Amelia D'Arcy,
eloped with " mad Jack Byron," father of Lord Byron,
the poet. The present holder of the title (1898) was
mentioned as a possible successor of Lord Aberdeen as
Governor-General of Canada, but objection was raised
because he is proprietor of a gin distillery. The founder
of this noble family was Edward Osborne, the young
apprentice to Sir William Hewett, who jumped from
London Bridge to save the infant daughter of his master.
Osborne subsequently married the daughter, and later
became Lord Mayor and member of Parliament for the
city. The man who made the wealth of the family was
Sir Thomas Osborne, the first Duke, who was a Minister
under Charies II., was impeached by the House of
Commons and imprisoned in the Tower, but who became
the chief Minister of William III. It took him little more
than twenty years to climb from the station of a Yorkshire
country gentleman to the highest rank in the peerage.

LEEDS COUNTY 35
Macaulay says that while the motion for his impeachment
was under discussion, Leeds proceeded to tell, with great
complacency, a story of himself which would, in our days,
drive a public man, not only from office, but out of the
society of gentlemen. Large tracts of Crown lands were
bestowed upon him. Though rich in money and lands,
Leeds' " frame was meagre, and his face, handsome and
intellectual as it was, had a haggard look which indicated
the restlessness of pain as well as the restlessness of
ambition," inciting the Whigs to sing about him the verse
quoted above. The city of Leeds, from which the Osborne
family takes its title of Duke, is in the West Riding- of
Yorkshire, and is noted for its manufactures of clothing,
tobacco, earthenware, iron, brass, mustard, etc. Of the
castle of Leeds, which was besieged by King Stephen in
1139, and in which Richard II. was confined in 1399, no
trace now remains. A suburb of the city of Leeds bears
the name of Woodhouse (see Woodhouse township).

ELIZABETHTOWN TOWNSHIP (1784)

Thus when Elizabeth desired
That Melville would acknowledge fairly,
Whether herself he most admired
Or his own mistress. Lady Mary,
The puzzled knight his answer thus exprest,
" In her own country each is handsomest." — A Courtier's Response.
This township was named after Princess Elizabeth,
third daughter of King George III., born in 1770, died
1840. She was married in 181 8 to Frederick Joseph

36 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Louis, reigning Landgrave of Hesse Homburg, who died
in 1829. Princess Elizabeth was grave in her manners,
affectionate to her friends and devoted to her parents, with
whom she remained until her forty-ninth year, when she
was married. In one of her letters, when a young woman,
she expressed her impatience with Court quarrels, and
wished she were the wife of some younger son. Her
husband, the Landgrave, is described as a gross, corpulent
German, of enormous dimensions, and always smelling of
tobacco. His appearance and manners were ridiculed, one
of the charges against him being that he snored at theatres.
But there is nothing to show that Princess Elizabeth was
ever dissatisfied with her " catch." Mrs. Trench wrote :
" The Princess of Hesse Homburg will redeem the
character of good behavior in conjugal bonds, lost or
mislaid by her family. She is delighted with her hero, as
she calls him." Her sisters used to visit her in her German
home, and found her happy and contented, leading a
decent, though quiet life.

YONGE TOWNSHIP (1786)

Whilst Yonge still prompts me to enlarge my views.
And bids me soar with no ignoble flight. — POlwhele.
The township was named after Right Hon. Sir George
Yonge, born 1732, M.P. for Honiton, in the County of
'Devon, from 1763 to 1796. He was a member of the
Shelburne Government in 1783, and Secretary of War
from 1782 to 1794. Dr. Scadding says that Sir George

LEEDS COUNTl 37
Yonge was a personal friend of Governor Simcoe. He
died at Hampton Court in 1812, and the Baronetcy became
extinct. The Canadian Archives refer to many letters
written by Haldimand to Sir George Yonge 1782-85. He
voted for the Canada Bill.

ESCOTT TOWNSHIP (1840)

Escott was called after the residence of the Yonge
family at Escptt, Devonshire. Miss Amelia Yonge,
daughter of Sir William Yonge, Bart., of Escott, Devon,
became the second wife of Sir Edward Lloyd, Secretary of
War, who died in 1795. Escott township was at one time
called the Gore of Yonge. The name is on the map of
185 1, but not on the map of 1836.

LANSDOWNE TOWNSHIP (1788)

If Lansdowne will consent to share
My humble feast, though rude the fare.

—Moore.

This township took its name from the title of William
Fitzmaurice, second Earl of Shelburne, born 1737, died
1805, to whom Haldimand sent many reports on Canadian
affairs. He sat in the House of Commons in 1761 for
Chipping Wycombe ; was a Major-General in the armY in
1765 ; a principal Secretary of State 1766 ; First Lord of

38 NOTHING BUT NAMES
the Treasury 1782 ; created Marquis of Lansdowne 1784.
Speaking of George Grenville's Government (1763), Green
says : " Its one man of ability was Lord Shelburne, a
young Irishman, who had served with credit at Minden."
But Shelburne did not show his ability in concluding
the Treaty of Peace with America. More incompetent
representatives of English and Canadian interests than the
two men to whom the negotiations were chiefly entrusted
(Messrs. Oswald and Vaughan) could hardly have been
found if Lord Shelburne had searched the country through.
" Lord Shelburne and his colleagues can, of course, never
be freed from the discredit which attaches to such
bargaining. With them the blame primarily lies for the
generous endowment of the Republic with the gigantic
boundaries on the south, west and north which so largely
determined its future power and influence."
It has always been believed that Lord Shelburne,
afterwards Marquis of Lansdowne, was connected with the
composition of the Letters of Junius. Sir Richard Phillips
talked to the Marquis of Lansdowne about it only a week
before the latter's death. The Marquis smiled and said :
" No, no, I am not equal to Junius, I could not be the
author ; but the grounds for secrecy are now so far
removed by death that it is unnecessary the author of
Junius should much longer be unknown. I knew Junius,
and I knew all about the writing and production of these
letters. But look at my condition, I don't think I can live
a week. If I live over the summer, which, however, I
don't expect, I will set that question at rest forever, and I
will put my name to it. None of the parties ever guessed
at as Junius was the true Junius."

LEEDS COUNTY 39

LEEDS TOWNSHIP (1785)

When of importance braggeth simple Leeds,
When Gloster's far-fam'd wife for meekness pleads. — P. Pindar.
See Leeds County.

KITLEY TOWNSHIP (1798)

Is called after Kitley, near Yeolhampton, in South
Devon, the seat of the Bastard family. Worth's History
of Devonshire says : " Kitley is now the chief seat of the
ancient family of Bastard, which claim descent from the
Robert Bastard who appears in ' Domesday ' as the holder
of nine manors. They obtained Kitley by marriage with
the heiress of the Pollexfens, Edmund PoUexfen, the last
male of the family, dying in 1710."
PoUexfen was a Whig barrister, who defended Richard
Baxter on his trial before Judge Jeffries, who was on that
occasion in one of his violent and insulting moods.
Macaulay says that PoUexfen, who had long been at the
head of the Western circuit and who had incurred
unpopularity by holding briefs for the Crown at the
Bloody Assizes and by appearing against Alice Lisle,
was known to be at heart a Whig, if not a Republican.
Under King William III. he was Attorney-General and
then Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.

40 NOTHING BUT NAMES

BASTARD TOWNSHIP (1798)

Is called after the name of a well-known ancient
Devonshire family which resided in modern times at
Kitley, near Plymouth. (See Kitley township). Thomas
Bastard, A.B., divine and poet, was born at Blandford
Forum, in Dorsetshire. John PoUexfen Bastard, M.P. for
Devonshire, voted against the Canada Bill in 1791.

CROSBY TOWNSHIP (1798)

When you have done, repair to Crosby place.
—King Richard III,
This township may be called after any of the eight
villages of that name in England, the largest of which is in
Lancashire, six miles from Liverpool ; or after Crosby
Hall, an ancient residence fronting on Crosby Square in
London, England ; or after Lieut. W. Crosby, mentioned
in the Canadian Archives as being superintendent, in 1778,
of the armed storeship Andrew, which was located in the
Richelieu River ; or (and most likely) after Brass Crosby,
Lord Mayor of London and M.P. for Honiton in 1771,
whose short imprisonment in the Tower on the order of
the King and Parliament came very near causing a bloody
conflict between the citizens of London and the Parlia
mentary supporters of Lord North. See Trevelyan's Life
of Fox for a full account of Crosby's conduct in that

LEEDS COUNTY 41
matter. The fact that Brass Crosby and Sir George
Yonge were both Members of Parliament for Honiton, and
that the latter was a friend of Governor Simcoe, makes it
probable that the township was named after Brass Crosby.

SOUTH BURGESS TOWNSHIP (1798)

Great was thy Evening Cluster, — often graced
With Dollond — Burgess — and Sir Humphry Davy. — r. Hood.
This township was called after Rev. Thomas Burgess,
a fellow student at Oxford with Premier Addington, who
appointed hirn Bishop of Salisbury. Bishop Burgess was
the author of about 100 publications on theology, slavery
and other topics. James B. Burgess, M.P. for Helston,
voted for Pitt's Canada Bill.

SOUTH ELMSLEY TOWNSHIP (1798)

Elmsley takes its name from Chief Justice William
Elmsley, who died in 1805, aged forty-two, leaving a large
family. The Archives contain applications from his
widow, Mary, for a grant of land ; also that the Govern^
ment should buy his residences in Quebec, York and
Newark for military or other public purposes. It would
appear that the Chief Justice was not altogether unsuc
cessful in acquiring land in his lifetime, for Lord Durham

42 NOTHING BUT NAMES
in his report quotes Mr. Radenhurst as saying that Chief
Justices Elmsley and Powell purchased from 20,800 to
50,000 acres, at prices ranging from a gallon of rum up to
£6 per 200 acres, and the Elmsley property in Toronto
has long been valuable. Chief Justice Elmsley was a
brother of the celebrated classical critic and editor, Peter
Elmsley, of Oxford, and a son-in-law of Mr. Benjamin
HalloweU. (See HalloweU township). Dr. Scadding
mentions that his son and heir. Captain John Elmsley,
became a convert to the Church of Rome, and deeded
land from his estate for St. Basil's College, Toronto. The
younger Elmsley was a warm supporter of Sir Francis
Bond Head during his Governorship, and is mentioned in
Head's Narrative. Lord Elgin took up his residence at
Elmsley Villa when he moved to Toronto after the
destruction of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal.

These five counties along the St. Lawrence River have
retained the size and shape in which they were surveyed
near the etid of the eighteenth century, except that
Grenville and Leeds had originally three rows of town
ships ; now they have two. The land west of Yonge
township not being so good as that further east, there was
a break in the settlement at that point, which began again
at Kingston and extended westward. It will be convenient
to notice first the counties that were formed to the north
of those already described.

PRESCOTT COUNTY 43

PRESCOTT COUNTY (1798)

This county was named after Major-General Robert
Prescott, born 17^5, died 1815. He took part in the
American war; he was sent to Canada in 1796 to relieve
Lord Dorchester ; he strengthened the forts of Quebec,
and served as Governor of Canada, Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick till 1799, when he was succeeded by Lieut.-
Govemor Milnes. It appears that Governor Prescott
listened to the complaints of the settlers who alleged that
their rights had been infringed upon by the Board charged
with the management of the Crown lands, of which Chief
Justice Osgoode was the Chairman ; large tracts of land
having been acquired, under one pretext or another, by
members of the Board and their relations and friends.
When Prescott laid the matter before the Home Govern
ment, Judge Osgoode, who had, through his friends, great
influence at Court, was able to bring sufficient pressure upon
the Duke of Portland to secure the Governor's recall, much
to the regret of a large majority of the people, who deemed
him an honorable and upright man. Prescott wrote to
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, in August, 1797, speaking
of the extravagant price of provisions in Upper Canada
and of the drunkenness of the soldiers when they got their
monthly pay ; and many other letters from his pen are
found in the Archives. He died at Rose Green, near
Battle, in Sussex, in his eighty-ninth year, and waS
buried at Winchelsea.

44 NOTHING BUT NAMES

HAWKESBURY TOWNSHIP, EAST AND WEST
(1798)

As Canning vapors, or as France succeeds.
As Hawkesbury proses, or as Ireland bleeds.

-Moor,

Dead all his money-loving soul's desires.
When subtle Hawkesbury talks of patriot fires. —P. Pindar.
This township took its name from Right Hon. Charles
Jenkinson, Baron Hawkesbury (1786) and Earl of Liver
pool (1796), born in 1727, died in 1808, to whom
Haldimand sent returns from Canada in 1779. In early
life he wrote a discourse on the conduct of the British
Government in respect to neutral nations, and other works
which so recommended him that he was appointed an
Under Secretary of State in 1761. On Lord Bute's
retirement, Mr. Jenkinson continued to support the Royal
party, called the King's Friends, and his advancement was
rapid and certain. His son, Robert Banks Jenkinson,
born in 1770, inherited his father's abilities. At Oxford
he became an intimate friend of George Canning, and he
was elected to Parliament for the borough of Rye before
he was old enough to take the oaths. On the accession
of the Addington Ministry in 1801, the second Lord
Hawkesbury, who took that title when his father obtained
the Earldom, was appointed Secretary for the Foreign
Department. In 1803, in his father's lifetime, he was
called to the House of Lords by writ, and held the Home

PRESCOTT COUNTY 45
Secretaryship until Mr. Pitt's death. On the dismissal of
the Fox and Grenville Ministry, he again became Home
Secretary, and opposed the abolition of the Slave Trade,
Catholic Emancipation and Parliamentary Reform. When
Mr. Perceval was assassinated. Lord Liverpool became
Premier and held that position for fifteen years, dying in
1828. He was a capable man of business, but very
careless of dress, and the simplicity of. the garb in which
the Prime Minister of England walked the streets of
London often provoked a smile.
There are two villages named Hawkesbury in Glou
cestershire and one in Warwickshire.

LONGUEUIL TOWNSHIP (1798)

This name was first applied to Old Longueuil on the
south side of the St. Lawrence, in Chambly County,
Quebec, a seigniory granted to Charles Le Moyne de
Longueuil in 1672. Parkman names among the sons of
Charles Le Moyne, of Montreal, who came to Canada in
1641, Longueuil and Iberville, Chateauguay and Bienville.
Charles Le Moyne, Baron de Longueuil, succeeded his
father, the first grantee, in 1676. In 1781, the oath of
fealty was renewed by Dlle. Charles Le Moyne, Baroness
de Longueuil, and by Guillaume Grant as the husband of
Marie Catherine de Fleury d'Eschambault, widow of
Charles Le Moyne, Baron de Longueuil, father of the
Baroness aforesaid. On September 10, 1778, Lieutenant-
Governor Cramahe wrote from Quebec to Captain- Foy

46 NOTHING BUT NAMES
" respecting Captain Hall once prodigiously in love with
Madame de Longueuil." John Lambert wrote in 1810:
" The opposite Island of St. Helen belongs to the Baroness
de Longueuil ; this lady married a gentleman of the name
of Grant, and brought him very extensive and valuable
landed property. The eldest son goes by the familiar ap
pellation of Baron Grant." The late Baron de Longueuil
was Charles Colmore Grant, seventh Baron, born at
Cheltenham, England, in 1844, and a resident of Pitlochry,
Perthshire, Scotland. He died at New York, December
13, 1898. He was a Protestant and a Conservative. The
title was granted by Louis XIV. of France in 1700 and
was recognized by Her Majesty Queen Victoria in 1880.
New Longueuil, on the north shore of the St. Lawrence,
in the County of Soulanges, Quebec, was granted to
Sieur Joseph Lemoine, Chevalier de Longueuil, in 1734.
It adjoins the township of Lancaster, Ontario. The
Longueuils were prominent and active under both French
and British rule, and the Archives show that they acquired
various fiefs, including Chateauguay in 1673 and Beloeil
in 1755. A Longueuil was acting Governor in 1726, and
when La Jonquiere died in 1752, Longueuil took his place
until the arrival of a new Governor. Longueuil went
with 1,600 men to save Ticonderoga. Longueuil sent
Canadians and Indians to pursue Rogers' Rangers in 1759-
" Young Longueuil " went with Montcalm to sing the war
song with the Indian converts of the Two Mountains.-
The seigneur. Colonel the Baron de Longueuil, served on
the British side in the Revolutionary War. In the
Archives Governor Milnes is mentioned as sending to the
Duke of Portland a letter dated June 12, 1801, from Col.
de Longueuil, enclosing a bill of exchange for ;£^500
sterling, as a voluntary contribution of officers and men
toward carrying on the war (with France). On the map

PRESCOTT COUNTY 47
of 1828, the present Ontario township of Longueuil on the
Ottawa River was called Seigniory of Pointe k I'Orignal.
On Smith's map (1798) it was Longueuil.

CALEDONIA TOWNSHIP (1810)

O Caledonia, stern and wild !
Meet nurse for a poetic child. — Lay of the Last Minstrel.
The township of Caledonia is called by the name
given by the Romans to the northern part of Scotland.
This township was part of Longueuil on Smith's map of
1798. On Walton & Gaj-lord's map (1836) Caledonia
extends from Kenyon to the Ottawa, and Longueuil is not
mentioned.

ALFRED TOWNSHIP (1798)

Nor less by Alfred at his southern Court
Honour'd and known, as lord of harp and song. — John Fitchett.
Alfred was named in memory of Prince Alfred, son
of King George III., born 1780, died 1782.

48 NOTHING BUT NAMES

PLANTAGENET TOWNSHIP (1798)

And in his sprightly eye was set
Some spark of the Plantagenet. — Lord of the Isles.
Plantagenet is called from a surname of the royal
family of England from Henry II. to Richard III.
inclusive. The name is now borne through collateral
descent by the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos
(Grenville).

RUSSELL COUNTY 49

RUSSELL COUNTY (1798)

Were all the wealth of Russell mine.
And all the rank of Howard's line.
— The Bridal of Triermain.
Russell County was called after Hon. Peter Russell,
who served under Sir Henry Clinton and came to Canada
with Governor Simcoe in 1792 as Inspector-General and
was made a member of the Legislative and Executive
Councils. Upon Simcoe's departure, Mr. Russell, as senior
member of the Council, became acting Governor until the
arrival of General Hunter in 1799. His name is frequently
mentioned in the Canadian Archives, and not always in a
'-complimentary manner. In fact, he appears to have been
a land grabber. There is a letter from Governor Hunter
to Mr. King, dated October 27, 1799, in which he says:
" The Councillors are all good men ; Russell, had it
depended on him, would have granted lands to the devil
and all his family (as good loyalists) provided they could
have paid the fees." McMullen says that Russell was
accused of illegally making grants of land to himself and
to his relatives and particular friends. Searches in the
registry offices have fully confirmed these accusations.
He made few personal enemies, but his avarice, and the
manner in which he permitted land monopolies to arise,
seriously interfered with the settlement of the province,
and laid the foundations of many evils. Russell never
married and died at Toronto a rich man, leaving a portion
of his estate to the Baldwin family.

NOTHING BUT NAMES

RUSSELL TOWNSHIP (1798)

See Russell County.

CAMBRIDGE TOWNSHIP (1798)

Choose between them, Cambridge, pray.
Which is weakest, Cambridge, say. —Moore.
The township of Cambridge was named after Prince
Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, son of King George III.
(see Adolphustown township). Cambridge, the county
town of Cambridgeshire, England, from which this title is ^
taken, ^tands upon elevated ground on the northwest of
the river Cam. It was a British settlement and also a
Roman station, and there are traditions about Julius
Caesar taking scholars from Cambridge to Rome. Front
ing the shire hall of Cambridge is Hobson's conduit, the
gift of a rich hackney-man, in the reign of James I., whose
tenacity in letting out his horses in strict rotation ga\e
rise to the proverb of " Hobson's choice " — this or none.
Cambridge University is believed to have been founded b\-
Sigebert, King of East Anglia, about the year 631. Tittle
doubt can be entertained that Saxon divisions and Danish
ferocity had banished all knowledge from that part of
Britain before the accession of Alfred the Great. There
are now thirteen colleges at Cambridge, each possessing an
interesting history.

RUSSELL COUNTY 51

CUMBERLAND TOWNSHIP (1798)

But the bold Lord of Cumberland,
The gallant Clifford, seeks thy hand.

— Scott.

Cu.MBERLAND is called after Prince Ernest Augustus,
Duke of Cumberland, fifth son of King George III. (see
Ernestown township). Cumberland, from which the title
is taken, is a northern county of England, part of its
northern boundary being Scotland. Though Cumbria
submitted to the Saxons in 593, it was governed by its
own potentates till the tenth century. The Picts' wall,
built by the Emperor Adrian in 121, crossed the whole
island, from sea to sea, about 100 miles. It began near
Carlisle. The mountains of Cumberland are rich in
plumbago, lead, coal, copper and iron. Cumberland gave
the title of Earl to the ancient family of Clifford, but since
the reign of Charles I. it has been held as a dukedom by
some of the Royal family.

CL.ARENCE TOWNSHIP (1798)

What scourge for perjury
Can this dark monarchy afford false Clarence? — King Richard III.
This township was named after Prince William Henry,
Duke of Clarence, afterward King William IV. (See

52 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Williamsburg township). The title of Clarence has been
appropriated to the Royal family since the marriage of
Elizabeth de Burgh, heiress of Gilbert de Clare, to Lionel,
Duke of Clarence, son of King Edward III.

CARLETON COUNTY 53

CARLETON COUNTY (1798)

And mind — keep George as poor as a church mouse ;
Vote not a half-penny for Carleton House ;
This may appear like wonderful barbarity —
But mind, Pitt, mind — he gains in popularity. — Peter Pindar,
This county got its name from Sir Guy Carleton,
afterwards Lord Dorchester, born 1724, died 1808, who
accompanied Wolfe's expedition to Canada and took part
in the battle of the Plains of Abraham. In 1767, General
Murray going to England, the government of the colony
devolved on Carleton. In 1770 he went to England, but
returned to Canada in 1774, and defended Quebec from
the attack of Montgomery and Arnold. In 1782 Carleton
succeeded Sir Henry Clinton as Commander-in-chief of
His Majesty's forces in America. In 1783 he evacuated
New York and withdrew the British ships from America.
In 1786 he was made a peer, with a pension of ;^i,ooo,
and sent to Canada as Governor-General, which post he
held till 1796. He was a strict disciplinarian, but kind of
heart, and very popular with the French Canadians. He
married, in 1772, Lady Mary Howard, daughter of
Thomas, Earl of Effingham, and died in 1808, aged
eighty-three. Carleton county is named on the map of
1798, but was not then organized, or divided into town
ships, though portions of the present county of Carleton
were included in Russell and Grenville counties.

54

NOTHING BUT NAMES

GLOUCESTER TOWNSHIP (1798)

Come, come, we know your meaning, brother Gloster.
—King Richard III.
Like Gloucester, who for pay can leave his party ;
Some years ago I joined his corps so hearty.
Thinking the Prince of Erebus ill treated. —P. Pindar.
This township got its name from William Frederick,
second Duke of Gloucester, born 1776, died 1834, son of
Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, who was a
brother of King George III. The second Duke married
his cousin Princess Mary (see Marysburg township). "He
was not a man of talent," says Mr. Raikes, " as may be
inferred from his nick-name of ' Silly Bill)',' but he was a
quiet, inoffensive character." Greville speaks of the
" Duke of Gloucester bowing to the company, while
nobody was taking any notice of him, or thinking about
him. Nature must have been in a merry mood when she
made this Prince." He formed a great attachment to
Warren Hastings and wrote many silly letters to him.
Stockmar describes him in these words : " Duke of
Gloucester — Prominent, meaningless eyes ; without being
exceptionall}' ugly, a very unpleasant face, with an animal
expression ; large and stout, but with weak, helpless legs.
He wore a neck-cloth thicker than his head."
Gloucestershire, from which county in England the
title is taken, was the chief seat of warfare between the
ancient Britons and the Anglo-Saxons ; also between the
Saxons and the Danes. In 1465 the sanguinary battle of

CARLETON COUNTY 55
Tewkesbury in this county terminated the civil war
between Henry VI. and Edward IV. Other battles were
fought in Gloucestershire between Charles I. and the
Parliamentary forces; and on the landing of William,
Prince of Orange, a skirmish took place at Cirencester, in
which Lord Lovelace was taken prisoner.
The city of Gloucester, situated on the eastern bank of
the Severn River, enjoyed for a long time the exclusive
manufacture of pins, introduced by John Tilsby in 1625.
In the Cathedral are monuments to Edward TL, John
Gower, the architect. Dr. Edward Jenner, and Robert
Raikes, the founder of Sunday schools.
In 1798 Gloucester township was a part of Russell
county.

OSGOODE TOWNSHIP (1798)

Not to guzzle beer or whiskey.
To the bar they got their call ;
They're the newest batch of lawyers.
Just turned out, from Osgoode Hall. — Robert Saunders.
The township of Osgoode was named after William
Osgoode, born 1754, died 1824. He was Chief Justice of
Canada from 1792 to 1808; came from England with
Governor Simcoe. Transferred to Quebec in 1794.
Osgoode Hall in Toronto is named after him. " He died
in affluent circumstances, the result of laudable prudence,
without the smallest taint of avarice, or illiberal parsimony."
He received a retiring allowance of ;^8oo a year which he

56 NOTHING BUT NAMES
enjoyed for twenty-three years. Osgoode township
belonged to Russell county before Carleton county was
organized.

NORTH GOWER TOWNSHIP (1798)

See South Gower, Grenville County. The whole of
this township was in Grenville in 1798.

NEPEAN TOWNSHIP (1798)

The township of Nepean is called after Sir Evan
Nepean, Secretary for Ireland, 1804, to whom Haldimand
sent many letters and reports from Canada in 1784-85.
Dr. Scadding suggests Lieut.-General Nicholas Nepean,
living in 1793 et seq., but as Mr. E. Nepean was Under
Secretary in the Colonial Department (under Mr. Dundas)
until 1795, when he was succeeded by Mr. Huskisson, it
appears probable that the township was named in his
honor. On August 14, 1789, Joseph Brant wrote to
General Haldimand stating that the gold watch promised
by Mr. Nepean turns out to be only gilt. In 1798 Nepean
township was part of Grenville county.

CARLETON COUNTY 57

GOULBOURN TOWNSHIP (1816)

Praying, God save the Goulbourns all
From mad Dissenters, great and small.

-Moore.

The township of Goulbourn got its name from Henry
Goulbourn, born 1784, Under Secretary of State for the
Home Department in 1810 ; for the Colonies in 1812 ;
Chancellor of the Exchequer 1828-30 and 1841-45 ; died
in 1856. Henry Goulbourn, as Under Secretary of State,
signed the Treaty of Peace between Great Britain and the
United States at Ghent in 18 14.

MARLBOROUGH TOWNSHIP (1798)

It was the Duke of Marlborough who put the French to rout,
But what they fought each other for, I never could make out.
— Southey.
This township, which originally belonged to Grenville
county, bears the name Charlborough on Smith's 1798
map, either as a misprint for Marlborough, or from
Charlbury in Oxfordshire, seven miles from Woodstock,
near which village is Blandford Park, successively owned
by the Earl of Danby, the Earl of Clarendon, the Duke of
Marlborough and the Duke of Beaufort. The Ontario
township now called Marlborough is just north of Oxford
on the Rideau, and as Blenheim Castle and Charlbury are
both in Oxfordshire, either name is appropriate in that

S8 NOTHING BUT NAMES
connection. John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, son of
Sir Winston Churchill, was born at Ashe, Devonshire, in
1650. King James II. made him a peer, with the title of
Baron Ey mouth, in 1682, and he was created Lord
Churchill in 1685. King William III. made him Earl of
Marlborough in 1689. He took Liege in 1702 and Queen
Anne made him Marquis of Blandford and Duke of
Marlborough in 1703. With Prince Eugene he conquered
the French at Blenheim in 1704, and for that he received
the grant of the manor of Woodstock. In 1706 he fought
the famous battle of Ramilies. He died in 1722, in the
reign of George I., and his remains were interred with
great pomp in Westminster Abbey. (See Blenheim and
Blandford townships). The town of Marlborough in
Wiltshire, from which the Duke's principal title was taken,
is named from its situation at the foot of a hill of chalk or
marl. It was mentioned in Domesday Book and became
a place of importance after the Norman Conquest, when a
castle was erected, of which some traces are still visible.
A Parliament was held at Marlborough in the fifty-isecond
year of King Henry II I. 's reign.

MARCH TOWNSHIP (1823)

Myself,— and you, son Harry,— will toward Walus
To fight with Glendower, and the Earl of March. — King Henry IV.
This township was named in honor of the Duke of
Richmond, Eari of March, Baron Settrington and Methuen
of Torbolton. The title Eari of March is derived from
the Marches in South Wales.

CARLETON COUNTY 59

TORBOLTON TOWNSHIP (1S23)

In the parish o' Tarbolton,
Noar the bonnie toun o' .\vr,
Young- Robin Burns loUowod the ploug'li,
Happy .md free from oaro.
His " father was a farmer,"
.¦Vs he tells us in his song,
.Vnd Rob loved all the lassies,
But he lovod none o' them long. — .4non.
The name of this township is from a title of tlie Duke
of Richmond. (See March township). Torbolton, also
spelled Tarbolton, is a village in .Ajrsliire, Scotland, near
which the father of Robert Burns resided in 1777. About
half a mile from Torbolton, at the Mansion House of
Coilsfield, ' Highland Marj- " worked as a dair}'maid.
Coilsfield now belongs to the Earl of Eglinton.

HUNTLEY TOWNSHIP (1823)

N'ow uao be to yovi Huntley !
.And wherefore did ye sae ?
I bade you bring him wi' you,
But forbade \'ou him to slae.

—Old Ballad.

The name is from Huiitle\- Castle, a part of the
extensive estate in .Aberdeen count}-, Scotland, which
came to the fifth Duke of Richmond through his mother.
Lady Charlotte Gordon, wife of the Duke of Richmond

6o NOTHING BUT NAMES
who was Governor of Canada. Gordon Castle on the
same estate is 560 feet in length, with a park eighteen
miles in circumference. The Duchess of Gordon, wife of
Alexander the fourth Duke, became somewhat noted as a
matchmaker, because three of her daughters were married
to Dukes — Lady Charlotte to Charles Lennox, the Duke
of Richmond ; Lady Susan to William Montagu, Duke of
Manchester ; and Lady Georgiana to John Russell, Duke
of Bedford. Lady Charlotte, the Duchess of Richmond, had fourteen
children, one of whom, Lady Sarah, wife of Sir Peregrine
Maitland, lived in Canada about ten years, her husband
succeeding her father temporarily as Governor and remain
ing as Lieut.-Governor of Upper Canada. Lady Sarah
Maitland has left traces of her presence in the naming of
many townships. March and Torbolton were titles of her
father and her brother ; Lord Huntley was the title of her
mother's brother George in the lifetime of his father. He
was the fifth Duke of Gordon, and when he died in 1836,
that title became extinct, but it was revived by creation in
1876 and conferred upon the sixth Duke of Richmond.
In 1794 Lord Huntley helped his mother to raise the
regiment of Gordon Highlanders. On May 10, 1819,
Lieut.-Colonel Innes wrote to the Marquis of Huntley
about an application made by the Duke of Richmond to
Earl Bathurst. See Archives of 1897.

CARLETON COUNTY 6i

FITZROY TOWNSHIP (1823)

All that on Granta's fruitful plain
Rich streams of regal bounty poured,
And bade their awful fanes and turrets rise.
To hail their Fitzroy's festal morning come,
And thus they speak in soft accord
The liquid language of the skies. — Thomas Gray, I76g.
This township was named in honor of Sir Charles
Augustus Fitzroy, K.C.B. , Captain-General and Governor-
in-Chief of New South Wales, and Lieut.-Governor of the
Island of Antigua ; son of General Lord Charles Fitzroy,
M.P. for St. Edmund's Bury, who voted for the Canada
bill, and grandson of the third Duke of Grafton ; born
1796, died 1858, having married in 1820 Lady Mary
Lennox, eldest daughter of the Duke of Richmond who
was Governor of Canada, and a sister of Lady Sarah
Maitland, wife of Lieut.-Governor Maitland. ,

62 NOTHING BUT NAMES

LANARK COUNTY (1825)

It was as sweet an autumn day
As ever shone on Clyde,
And Lanark's orchards all the way
Put forth their golden pride. — Campbell.
Warn Lanark's knights to gird their mail,
Rouse the brave sons of Teviotdale. — Lord of the Isles.
This county is named after Lanark, the county town
of Lanarkshire, or Clydesdale, an inland county of Scotland,
which produces coal and lead, and is the seat of many
manufacturing industries. The town of Lanark is twenty-
five miles from Glasgow and thirty-two miles from
Edinburgh. Its proximity to the Falls of Clyde makes it
a favorite place of resort for strangers in summer. It was
in Lanark that the Scottish hero, Wallace, commenced his
exertions to free his country from a foreign yoke. In the
parish church is a statue of the hero. The village of New
Lanark, established in 1783 by David Dale, of Glasgow,
father-in-law of the famous Robert Owen, was the scene of
a notable experiment in profit-sharing among the
employees of the cotton manufactory. Sir Walter Scott
describes some of the Lanark people and houses in " The
Talisman." Rev. Richard Jones says: "In the year 1816
the townships north of the Rideau Lake, known as the
Perth settlement, were settled principally by discharged
soldiers, some of whom had been with Abercrombie in
Egypt, with Wellington and Sir John Moore in Spain,

LANARK COUNTY 63
with Cornwallis in America, but the greater part had seen
service in 181 2, when Canada was the battle field. At a
very great expense, the British Government tried to make
these old soldiers and their families as comfortable as
possible at the close of the war. They chose their locations
without expense, and each man received, according to his
rank, from one hundred to five hundred acres. They were
also supplied with all necessary implements of husbandry,
and tools for building purposes ; also, cooking utensils and
blankets, with one year's provisions for each man, woman
and child." Most of the present county of Lanark was
originally included in Carleton county.

.MONT.AGUE TOWNSHIP (1798)

How far off is our brother Montague?
Where is the post that came from Montague? — King Henry VI.
This township was named in honor of Admiral Sir
George Montague, who served on the ship Marlborough,
of seventy-four guns, in 1770. He was born in 1750 and
died in December, 1829. His father was Admiral John
Montagu, with whom Haldimand corresponded in 1773,
descended from the first Earl of Manchester, and his
mother was Sophia Wroughton. He left the Royal Naval
Academy at Portsmouth to enter the Preston, commanded
by Captain (afterwards Lord) Gardner, in which ship he
proceeded to the Jamaica station. At the commencement
of the American war. Captain Montagu was sent to block
ade Marblehead and Salem. He captured the Washington,

64 NOTHING BUT NAMES
the first war vessel sent to sea by the American States.
Subsequently, he covered the retreat and embarkation of
the army under Sir William Howe, at the evacuation of
Boston, for which he was thanked by Lord Howe. In the
river Chesapeake, Captain Montagu rescued Lord Dun-
more and Governor Eden, and after the reduction of New
York he returned to England in ill-health. In 1779 he
was appointed to the Pearl frigate and captured the Santa
Monica. Then he went to the relief of Gibraltar and back
to America, acting as senior officer at New York. In 1793
he accompanied Rear-Admiral Gardner to Barbadoes, and
in 1794 joined the grand fleet, commanded by Earl Howe.
In 1795 he was promoted to the rank of Vice-Admiral.
From 1803 to 1808 Admiral Montagu held the chief
command at Portsmouth, and in 1810 he was presented
with a superb piece of plate by the Captains who had
fitted out there. He married in 1783 his cousin, Charlotte
Wroughton, and his eldest daughter married Vice-Admiral
Sir John Gore. It is highly probable that Governor
Simcoe knew Admiral Montagu during the war and had
him in mind when the township was named. The family
name of the Earl of Sandwich (see Sandwich township)
was Montagu. John Lambert (1810) says that Cape
Rouge, near Quebec, is remarkable for the interest given
to it by Mrs. Brookes in her " Emily Montague." Mon
tague Grove, near Hampstead, Middlesex, derives its name
from Edward Montague, Esq., Master in Chancery, the
friend of Lord Mansfield. The Duke of Montagu in the
last century was George Brudenell, fourth Earl of Cardi
gan, who in 1730 married Lady Mary Montagu, daughter
of John, Duke of Montagu, and took his deceased father-in-
law's title in 1776, in which year he was appointed to the
Privy Council and made Governor to the Prince of Wales
and the Duke of York. He died in 1790 and his title

LANARK COUNTY 6^

3

descended to his grandson Henry, second son of the Duke
of Buccleugh, who died in 1845, when the title of Duke of
Montagu expired. Matthew Montagu, M.P., voted for the
Canada Bill, and Right Hon. F. Montagu opposed it.
The family name Montagu was taken originally from the
town of Montagu in Normandy, but it was written in
Domesday Book and other old records in the Latin form ;
thus Drogo de Monteacuto came over with the Duke of
Normandy in 1066. Then the name became Montacute,
Montagew, Montague and Montagu, ending as it began in
the French form. It means sharp mountain. In 1798
Montague township was a part of Grenville county.

BECKWITH TOWNSHIP (1816)

The Beckwiths were a fighting race.
And though they'd ne'er begin it.
Where'er a fight was taking place
You'd find a Beckwith in it. — D. Eaton.
The name Beckwith is English, but it is intimately
connected with Canadian history. Major Beckwith was
sent from Niagara to Oswego by General Amherst in
1759. Sir George Beckwith was assistant Adjutant-
General under Lord Rawdon in 1778, before the latter
was dismissed by Sir Henry Clinton and succeeded by
Major Andre as Adjutant-General. George Beckwith
was the second son of Major-General John Beckwith, of a
good Yorkshire family, who served with credit in the
Seven Years' War. George entered the 37th regiment as
an ensign in 1771, served with it in America from 1776 to
s

66 NOTHING BUT NAMES
1782, was made Captain in 1777, appointed aid to Knyp-
hausen in 1779, and aid to Sir Guy Carleton in 1782. He
rose to the ranks of Major-General and Lieutenant-
General. In 1797 he was made Governor of Bermuda ; of
St. Vincent in 1804; of Barbadoes in 1808. He captured
Martinique in 1809, receiving the thanks of Parliament,
and was created a K.C.B. In 1810 he captured Gaude-
loupe, the last French possession in the West Indies.
Leaving Barbadoes in 18 14, he was appointed to the chief
command in Ireland in 18 16, which he held till 1820, when
he died unmarried. His mother survived him, dying in
1827, aged ninety-seven. Four of his brothers were also
in the army, the eldest of whom, Captain John Beckwith,
married Mary Haliburton, sister of Mr. Justice Haliburton,
of Nova Scotia, and an aunt of the author of " Sam Slick."
Colonel Sidney Beckwith, quartermaster-general, had
charge of the troops sent to Bermuda in 1813. His
reports to Lord Bathurst appear in the Canadian Archives.
J. Beckwith was Naval Officer at Quebec under Lord Dal
housie in 1823. Of the Beckwiths in Canada, Nehemiah,
a loyalist, settled at Fredericton, N.B., and built sloops in
partnership with Benedict Arnold. He married Julie
Louise Le Brun, who came to Fredericton from Quebec
with the family of Sir Guy Carleton, as companion and
French governess to Miss Carleton. In 181 3 Nehemiah
Beckwith purchased a large tract of land in the suburbs of
Montreal, but the vendor dying before the deeds were
completed the purchaser lost land and money. Mrs.
Beckwith, n6e Le Brun, was said to be a cousin of the Due
de Richelieu. Her son, Hon. John Adolphus Beckwith,
born 1800, died 1880, was deputy surveyor-general of
New Brunswick and a legislative councillor. His son,
Adolphus George Beckwith, born 1839, has been deputy
surveyor of New Brunswick and engineer of public works.

LANARK COUNTY 67
Major-General Charles Beckwith, C.B., eldest son of John
Beckwith and Mary Haliburton, born at Halifax, N.S., in
1789, entered the army when fourteen years old. In 1807
he served in Denmark, in 1808 in Sweden, in 1809 with
Lord Wellesley in Spain, going through all the battles and
winning a gold medal at Toulouse. At Waterloo Major
Beckwith lost a leg. In 1827 he set out for the Vaudois
Valleys to evangelize the inhabitants. He wrote several
works in the Italian language. The monument over his
grave at Torre-Pellice was erected " to the venerated
memory of their illustrious and constant benefactor,
Major-General Charles Beckwith, by the grateful Vaudois
Church." He died at La Tour in 1862.

RAMSAY TOWNSHIP (1823)

Ramsay and famous Fergusson
Gied Forth and Tay a lift aboon
Yarrow and Tweed, to monie a tune. - Bums.
The township of Ramsay takes its name from General
George Ramsay, Earl of Dalhousie, born 1770, died 1838.

68 NOTHING BUT NAMES

DALHOUSIE TOWNSHIP (1823)

After, Dalhousie's venerable walls
Time-honor'd and for noble sons renovvn'd
Stately up-rear'd o'er Esk's south-springing stream. —John Fitchett.
Fill WeUington's cup till it beam like his glory,
Forget not our own brave Dalhousie and Graeme ;
A thousand years hence hearts shall bound at their story.
And hallow the goblet that flows to their fame. — Walter Scott.
The township of Dalhousie is named from George
Ramsay, Earl of Dalhousie, Governor of Nova Scotia,
founder of Dalhousie College, Halifax, who on the death
of the Duke of Richmond was appointed by Lord Bathurst
Governor-General of Canada. He could not leave Nova
Scotia immediately, and Sir Peregrine Maitland performed
the duties until Dalhousie's arrival in 1820. Mr. Christie,
the historian, says " there was a manliness, candor and
integrity in Lord Dalhousie that could not fail to
command the respect of every unprejudiced mind
acquainted with him." Lord Dalhousie was Governor of
Canada until 1828, when he was appointed Commander-
in-Chief of the forces in India. A recent number of the
Acadian Recorder (Halifax) gives the following glimpse of
old times: It was announced in the newspapers of 1826
that the Duke of Manchester, Sir Howard Douglas,
Governor of New Brunswick, Governor Ready, of Prince
Edward Island, and Sir T Cochrane would be in Halifax
at the same time with the Earl of Dalhousie, who was
expected from Canada late in July. On the night of the

LANARK COUNTY 69
1st of August the inhabitants of Halifax gave a ball in
honor of the Countess of Dalhousie. Her Ladyship was
led into the room by the Hon. Michael Wallace, and
dancing soon after commenced — Lady Dalhousie opening
the ball with the Hon. Judge Haliburton, and they being
followed by Lord Dalhousie and the Lady of the Master
of the Rolls — Mrs. Robie. Dalhousie Castle is in the
parish of Cockpen, Midlothian.

PAKENHAM TOWNSHIP (1823)

Old Hickory fought at New Orleans
After the war was done ;
There General Pakenham was killed.
He was Lord Longford's son. —Jonathan Barnes.
Pakenham was called after General Sir Edward
Michael Pakenham, born 1778, killed at the battle of New
Orleans, 1815, on which occasion General (afterwards
President) Andrew Jackson commanded the American
forces. In his despatch to Earl Bathurst, giving an
account of the disaster at New Orleans, Major-General
Lambert wrote : " It is not necessary for me to expatiate
to you upon the loss the army has sustained in Major-
General the Honorable Sir E. Packenham, Commander-in-
chief of this force, nor could I do so in adequate terms.
His services and merits are so well known that I have
only, in common with the whole army, to express my sincere
regret, which may be supposed at this moment to come
particularly home to me. The brave commander of the
forces, who never in his life could refrain from being at the

70 NO THING B UT NA MES
post of honor, and sharing the dangers to which the troops
were exposed, galloped on to the front to animate them by
his presence ; it was there he received two wounds, one in
his knee, and another, which was almost instantly fatal, in
his body." General Pakenham's sister was the wife of the
first Duke of Wellington.

NORTH ELMSLEY TOWNSHIP (1798)

See South Elmsley, Leeds County.

DRUMMOND TOWNSHIP (1816)

For Drummond is marching that pitiless day.
And the feet of his soldiers are swift for the fray. — W. T. Uliite,
The township of Drummond took its name from
General Sir Gordon Drummond, born at Quebec, 1771,
died in London, 1854. He was with Sir Ralph Aber
crombie in Egypt, 1801, was an intimate friend of the
Duke of Kent, and was sent to Canada in 1813 by the
Duke of York as second in command to Sir George
Prevost. He was wounded at Lundy's Lane, and in the
fall of 1 8 14 succeeded Prevost as commander of the forces
and administrator of the Government of the Canadas a

LANARK COUNTY 71
position he held until 18 16. Sir Gordon Drummond's
daughter, Eliza, married, in 1832, Henry Howard, Earl of
Effingham.

LANARK TOWNSHIP (1820)

See Lanark County.

DARLING TOWNSHIP (1823)

Potent to hush all ventriloquial snarling, —
And ease the bosom pangs of indigestion
Thou art, sans question.
The Corporation's love — its Doctor Darling. — Hood,
This township was probably called after Colonel H. C.
Darling, military secretary to Lord Dalhousie, the Gover
nor-General in 1823. On September 10, 1822, he reported
on the military settlements in Lanark. (See Archives
1897). Dr. Scadding speaks of General Darling, a friend
and associate of Governor Simcoe, after whom Darling
Island, now called Snake Island, in Lake Simcoe, was
named. There was a Major Darling with General Amherst at
the siege of Louisbourg in 1758, who may have become a
General afterward. Governor Gore, after his final retire
ment from the Government of Upper Canada, wrote to

72 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Colonel Givins of York : " I learn that Lord Dalhousie
has recommended a Major Darling to succeed to our poor
friend Claus. I suppose his Lordship is satisfied with that
gentleman's perfect knowledge of the Indian Nations to
justify him in preferring him to so important an office."
Dr. Scadding, quoting this, adds : " The rumor respecting
the appointment of Major Darling did not prove to be well
grounded. Colonel Givins himself became Colonel Claus'
successor." This Major Darling was probably the Colonel
Darling- mentioned by Fothergill as Military Secretary to
Lord Dalhousie at Quebec in 1823. "Smith's Canada"
(185 1 ) quotes a statement of "Mr. Darling, the Surgeon to
the estabhshment at the Manitoulin." A Perth corre
spondent says the township was named in honor of Grace
Darling, but that is impossible, for the name appears in
the list of townships in Fothergill's Almanac, published in
1824, when Grace Darling was only nine years old, and
fourteen years previous to her heroic rescue of the
passengers of the Forfarshire steamer in 1838.

NORTH BURGESS TOWNSHIP (1798)

See South Burgess, Leeds Countj?,

LANARK COUNTY 73

SHERBROOKE TOWNSHIP, NORTH AND SOUTH
(1820)

Of all our soldier Governors
From Murray down to Head,
Sherbrooke the most efficient was.
Historians have said. —Henry Irving.
The township of Sherbrooke took its name from Sir
John Coape Sherbrooke, born 1764, Governor of Canada
in 1 8 16. Kingsford says he proved to be one of the wisest
Governors of that period. " But all that Sherbrooke did
accomplish was nullified by the ill-judged self-assertion of
his incompetent successor, the Duke of Richmond." The
health of Governor Sherbrooke was so poor that he could
not remain long in Canada. He died in 1830 at Claverton
in England. (See Sherbrooke township, Haldimand
county).

BATHURST TOWNSHIP (1816)

Then, how could any party fail.
That steer'd itself by Bathurst's tail ? — Moore.
The township of Bathurst was named in honor of
Henry, second Earl Bathurst, son of Baron Apsley, born
1762, died 1834. He was Lord Commissioner of the
Admiralty, Commissioner for India, Foreign Secretary,

74 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Colonial Secretary, President of the Council and First
Lord of the Admiralty. He married a daughter of the
Duke of Richmond, and was a brother-in-law of Lady
Sarah Maitland. The Archives contain much correspond
ence with Lord Bathurst, whose name was given to a
district in Canada, afterwards abolished by Act of
Parliament.

LAVANT TOWNSHIP (1823)

There was a sound of revelry by night.
And Belgium's capital was gathered there,
Her beauty and her chivalry. —Childe Harold.
The name Lavant is taken from that of a village in
Sussex, north of Chichester, near which is Goodwood, the
splendid seat of the Duke of Richmond, agreeably situated
in a spacious park. Goodwood races, established by
Charles, the third Duke, in 1802, are annually run in this
park. The multitude of names in Lanark and Carleton
counties, derived from the ducal house of Richmond, is
explained by the fact that Charles Lennox, the fourth
Duke of Richmond, was making a tour in this vicinity,
when he was attacked by the hydrophobia which resulted
in his death. He had been bitten in the hand by a tame
fox at Sorel on the river Richelieu, then called William
Henry, but the wound healed and nothing was thought of
it. Some weeks later, when proceeding from Col. Powell's
military settlement at Perth to the settlement of the looth
Prince Regent's disbanded regiment at the village of

LANARK COUNTY 75
Richmond on the Goodwood River, he found himself
unable to cross any stream of water, and violent symptoms
developing he was carried to a barn, where he died in
agony on August 28, 1819. There are old residents in
Perth who maintain the tradition that it was delirium
tremens and not hydrophobia that cut short the career of
the Duke of Richmond. A descendant of the owner of the
barn in which the Duke died insists that this is the correct
story. His remains were conveyed to Quebec and buried
there, with much pomp and ceremony, in the English
cathedral. This was the Duke of Richmond who, before
the death of his uncle, the third Duke, fought a duel with
Prince Frederick, Duke of York, Lord Rawdon, afterwards
the Marquis of Hastings, being one of the seconds. He
married (see Huntley township) a daughter of the Duchess
of Gordon, and it was his wife who gave the famous ball at
Brussels, on the eve of the battle of Waterloo, which Byron
has immortalized in the twenty -first and succeeding stanzas
of the third canto of Childe Harold. The Duke was born
in 1764, married in 1789, succeeded his uncle in the
Dukedom in 1806, was appointed Governor of Canada in
18 1 8 and died in 18 19. He had previously been Viceroy
of Ireland for six years and had filled other important
stations. His son and successor, born 1791, served under
the Duke of Wellington in Spain and at Waterloo, and
had a distinguished career in Parliament. He married in
1817 Lady Caroline Paget, eldest daughter of the Marquis
of Anglesey. (See Anglesey and Uxbridge townships).

76 NOTHING BUT NAMES

RENFREW COUNTY

From Paisley and from Greenock came the strappin' Renfrew laddies
To make new homes in Canada and send home for their daddies.
This county takes its name from Renfrewshire,
anciently Strathgryffe, a west county of Scotland, the
whole of which is included in the basin of the Clyde.
Coal, alum and iron are produced in large quantities in
Renfrewshire. The Stuart family had their earliest known
patrimonial inheritance in the parish of Renfrew, in
Renfrewshire, and it is from this circumstance that the
Prince of Wales derives his title of Baron of Renfrew.

McNAB TOWNSHIP (1825)

The Campbell may come, as his promises bind him.
And haughty McNab, with his giants behind him . . .
Aye, that was McNab, in the height of his pride.
When the lions of Dochart stood firm by his side.
—Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd.
The name is derived from the late Archibald McNab,
of McNab, the last of the Chiefs of the McNab clan, who
was born in 1775 at Kinnel House, Killin, Perthshire,
Scotland. His father was a physician ; he succeeded his
uncle Francis McNab, of whom many comical stories are

RENFREW COUNTY 77
told, in the Chieftainship. Archibald McNab emigrated
to Canada with a portion of his clan in 1825 and settled
on the Ottawa River. The arrangements he made with
the settlers were on the old feudal system, and they did
not work satisfactorily ; indeed, there was constant strife
between the Laird and his tenants, until the Government
in 1842 paid McNab $16,000 to get out, which he did,
removing to Hamilton and living on the property where
the Loretto Convent is now located. King street west,
until 1852, when he went to Scotland to take charge of a
small estate that had been left him in the Orkneys. He
died in France in i860. McNab possessed a sword which
had at one time belonged to Prince Charlie ; he presented
it to Queen Victoria in 1855. Except one family, the
McNabs all left Perthshire years ago, the old estate going
into the hands of the Earl of Breadalbane. Archibald
McNab was a strong Conservative and a great friend of
Sir Francis Bond Head (see Head township), to whom he
wrote a letter in 1837 offering the support of "the only
Highland chieftain in America " and his clan. Dr. Scad
ding says it was always evident that the Chief set a high
value on himself " May the McNab of McNab's have
the pleasure of taking wine with Lady Sarah Maitland ? "
silenced the dinner table at Government House. The
same author tells the familiar story about Archibald
McNab, of Renfrew county, and Sir Allan McNab, of
Hamilton, as follows : " Again at Kingston the ever-
conscious Chief having written himself down in the
visitors' book at the hotel as ' The McNab,' his juvenile
relative, coming in immediately after and seeing the curt
inscription, instantly entered his protest against the
monopoly apparently implied, by writing himself down,
in conspicuous characters, as ' The Other McNab.* "
The Archives mention a letter, dated March 13, 1823,

78 NOTHING BUT NAMES
from Maitland to Bathurst, transmitting a petition from
McNab, of McNab, for a grant of land to settle part of his
clan, and adding that his proposal is attended with risk to
himself and embarrassment to the Provincial Government.

BAGOT TOWNSHIP (1843)

Call forth Bagot :—
Now, Bagot, freely speak thy mind ;
What thou dost know of noble Gloster's death.
— King Richard II.
The township is named after Sir Charles Bagot,
second son of Sir William, sixth Baronet and first Baron
Bagot, of Bagot's Bromley, Staffordshire ; born 1781, died
1843. His mother was Hon. Louisa St. John, daughter of
Viscount Bolingbroke, and a descendant of the Minister
of Queen Anne, to whom Pope addressed his " Essay on
Man." Sir Charles Bagot married in 1806 Lady Mary
Charlotte Anne Wellesley-Pole, eldest daughter of
William, third Earl of Mornington. He was ambassador
extraordinary to Russia before his appointment as
Governor of Canada in 1841. A staunch Conservative
and High Churchman, nephew by marriage of the Duke
of Wellington, and having served under Canning as
Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Sir Charles Bagot
had a good record before coming to Canada. McMullen
says he treated all parties with equal justice and made
appointments in the most impartial manner. He had a
severe attack of dropsy, and though the Home Govern
ment consented to relieve him of duty, he was unable to

RENFREW COUNTY 79
return to England before his death. " His stately wife,
who had won golden opinions on all sides, never recovered
from the loss of her husband." She died in 1845.

BLITHEFIELD TOWNSHIP (1843)

Takes its name from Blithefield House, a seat of the
Bagot family. Walter Bagot (1590) was described as "of
Blithefield and Bagot's Bromley." Rev. William Somer
viUe, brother of Mark, sixteenth Lord SomerviUe, married
in 1830 Charlotte, daughter of Rev. Walter Bagot, of
Blithefield, County of Stafford. Their son, Lieut.
Reginald Hugh SomerviUe, was killed at Sebastopol,
September 8, 1855. On the map of 1836 the territory now
included in Bagot and Blithefield is called Madawaska.

BROMLEY TOWNSHIP (1843)

Takes its name from Bagot's Bromley, in Stafford
shire, the chief seat of the Bagot family. An ancestor of
Sir Charles probably went over to England with the
conqueror, as the name is undoubtedly Norman, and when
Domesday Book was compiled a Bagot was in possession of
the estate of Bagot's Bromley.
At Abbot's Bromley, a town in Staffordshire, east of
the City of Stafford and south of Uttoxeter, " the hobby
horse dance, an ancient custom, was observed till the civil

8o NOTHING BUT NAMES
war. The dancers carried on their shoulders deers'
heads, painted with the arms of Paget, Bagot and Welles,
to whom the chief property of the town belonged. The
parish includes Bromley, Bagot's liberty and Bromley
Hurst township. Bagot's Park is the deer park of Lord
Bagot, whose seat is at Blithefield." — DuGDALE.
Mr. Bromley, of Baginton, was Speaker of the House
of Commons in the reign of Queen Anne. In 1706 the
family seat at Baginton was burned, and Parliament
voted money to restore it. At Baginton is barely to be
traced the site of the castellated residence of Sir William
Bagot, at which the Duke of Hereford, afterwards Henry
IV., lodged the night previous to his projected personal
contest with Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, on
Gosford Green ; the scene is described by Shakspeare.

ADMASTON TOWNSHIP (1843)

The name is that of a village in Staffordshire, west of
Eccleshall and north of Newport. On the map of 1836
Admaston is called Kanmore, and Bromley is included in
Ross township.

RENFREW COUNTY 8i

HORTON TOWNSHIP (1826)

O Grey ! Peel ! Sadler ! Wilberforce ! Burdett !
Hume ! Wilmot Horton !
Think of your prose and verse, and worse —
Delivered in Hog's Norton. — Tom Hood.
This is the name of a village in the northern part of
Staffordshire, between Leek and Congleton, but the town
ship was named after R. J. Wilmot Horton, on whose
motion a committee of the House of Commons was
appointed in 1826 to devise a scheme of assisted emigra
tion. The Archives of 1897 contain a list of papers
collected by Mr. Wilmot Horton on the Canada Bill, 1822.
The name is printed on a map of 1828 as Itorton, probably
a misprint. On that map there are only two townships
(MacNabb and Itorton) north of Lanark and Carleton.

STAFFORD TOWNSHIP (1843)

Lord Stafford's father, Duke of Buckingham,
Is either slain, or wounded dangerous. — King Henry VI.
This township is called after the name of the county
in England, where Sir Charles Bagot's family lived.
Staffordshire produces iron ore, limestone, fire stone, pipe
clay, ochre and a valuable clay that stands the fire well.

82 NOTHING BUT NAMES
The county is noted for its potteries, the manufacture of
earthenware having been brought to great perfection by
Mr. Wedgwood. During the contentions between the
Houses of York and Lancaster a decisive battle was fought
at Blore Heath in Staffordshire, and Lord Audley fell in
the action.
Stafford, the county town, gets its name from the river
Sow having been forded there by means of a staff, hence
Staff-ford. It was a place of importance at the time of
the Conquest, for it is called a city in Domesday Book.
Manufactures of leather, boots and shoes, hats and cutlery
flourish in Stafford.
Sir George Granville Gower, second Marquis of Stafford,
married, in 1785, Elizabeth, Countess of Sutherland, and
was himself created Duke of Sutherland in 1833. The
Countess raised a regiment for the defence of Britain,
called the Sutherland Fencibles. She had two sons and
two daughters. Her second son, Francis, became Earl of
Ellesmere. This noble lady, whose full title was Elizabeth
Sutherland-Gower, Marchioness of Stafford, Countess of
Sutherland, and Baroness of Strathnaver, was born in 1765,
and her father died when she was one year old. Her right
of succession to her father's estates and title was strongly
disputed by male relatives, but was confirmed by the
House of Lords in 1771. When scarcely five years old
she thus became possessed of the most honorable title, and
of the richest domains of any of the Scottish nobility. At
the age of twenty she married the Marquis of Stafford,
distinguished not more for his wealth and exalted rank
than for his splendid patronage of the fine arts. Lady
Elizabeth Mary, Dowager Marchioness of Westminster,
the second daughter of the first Duke of Sutherland, died
at London, November 11, 1891, aged ninety-four years.

RENFREW COUNTY 83

WESTME.ATH TOWNSHIP (1830)

Priiu'o WiUiam had soldiers Irom Ancaster Heath,
Kini,' James pinned his faith to the boys from Westmeath ;
When the hosts came together, one or both had to totter —
Read the rest in the song that's entitled " Boyne Water.''
— Alfred Bannerman.
Westmeath takes its name from a central county of
Ireland, traversed by the rivers Shannon and Boyne. The
family name of the Earl of Westmeath is Nugent. On
the map of 1836 Westmeath includes Stafford and
Pembroke townships.

PEMBROKE TOWNSHIP (1843)

De .\rgentine attends his side.
With stout De Valence, Pembroke's pride. — Lord of the Isles.
Here lyes swearing Pembroke — to dye he was loath.
Vet when he departed, was choak'd with an oath.
— Tract in Bodleian Library.
Pembroke is the name of a Welsh county. George
Augustus Herbert, eleventh Earl of Pembroke, was born
1759, died 1827. His mother was a daughter of the
second Duke of Marlborough, and his first wife was a
granddaughter, on her mother's side, of the third Duke of
Marlborough. Robert Gourlay corresponded with the
Earl of Pembroke on emigration in 1823. His second

84 NOTHING BUT NAMES
son, Honorable Sidney Herbert, born 1810, died 1861,
entered Parliament in 1832 and was Secretary at the
Admiralty under Sir Robert Peel in 1841, Secretary at
War in 1845, one of the most active and influential
supporters of Peel's free trade policy ; again Secretary of
War in 1852 and Secretary for the Colonies under Palmer-
ston in 1855. He was created Lord Herbert shortl}'
before his death.
The title of the Earl of Pembroke is taken from
Pembroke, a market town on Milford Haven in Pembroke
shire, Wales, which is a great ship-building point and does
a large coasting trade. The castle of Pembroke, which
dates from mo, is one of the most splendid remnants of
military architecture in Great Britain. It was the birth
place of Henry VIL, King of England.
Peter White, born 1794, died 1878, settled at Pembroke
in 1828, when the nearest house was sixty miles distant, so
he may be fairly considered the founder of the town. He
entered the Royal Navy in 181 2, came to Canada in 1813
with Sir James Yeo, served on Lake Ontario during the
war, and then embarked in the lumbering business.

ROSS TOWNSHIP (1830)

Here come the lords of Ross and Willoughby,
Bloody with spurring, fiery-red with haste. — King Richard II.
Ross is a Gaelic word, signifying a headland or
promontory, also an isthmus and a wood.

RENFREW COUNTY 85
Mr. William White, of Pembroke, says that the town
ship of Ross, when surveyed by Mr. McNaughton (himself
a Highlander) was partly settled by Highlanders from
Ross county in Scotland, and he doubtless gave the town
ship the name of Ross for that reason. Ross and Cromarty,
two counties politically connected, extend across the
island from the German Ocean to the Atlantic, and both
coasts are indented with numerous bays and excellent
harbors. There is a bare possibility that Ross township in
Renfrew was named after Admiral Sir James Clark Ross,
a British navigator and discoverer, born 1800, died 1862.
He accompanied his uncle, Sir John Ross, on six voyages
to the Arctic regions between 1818 and 1833, and went to
Baffin's Bay in search of missing whale ships in 1835, being
afterwards employed in making a magnetic survey of Great
Britain and Ireland. Then he was sent to explore the
Antarctic Sea. The Committee of the British Association
recommended the voyage of Sir James Ross to Lord
Melbourne. Lord Minto agreed, and on the 8th of April,
1839, they appointed Sir James Clark Ross to the com
mand of the Erebus, with Commander F. R. M. Crozier in
charge of the Terror. At Van Dieman's Land the
expedition was to communicate with Sir John Franklin,
who was to assist in establishing a third magnetic
observatory. Shaping their course directly for the
Magnetic pole, on January 11, 1841, they saw land. To
the highest mountain of the distant range the name of
Sabine was given, in honor of Lieut.-Col. Sabine, Secretary
to the British Association, one of the most active promoters
of the expedition, and still more distinguished by his
admirable contributions to the progress of terrestrial
magnetism. Another mountain was named after Sir
Roderick Impey Murchison. An island was called
Franklin Island, in compliment to Sir John Franklin. On

86 NOTHING BUT NAMES
the 3rd of September, 1843, Sir James Ross landed at
Folkstone, the Erebus and Terror having, when paid off>
been in commission four years and five months.

BROUGHAM TOWNSHIP (1851)

Petticoat patriots, flounced John Russells,
Burdetts in blonde, and Broughams in bustles.
If difficulties mark his course.
There's none aside will throw 'em
With half the intellectual force
Of gallant Henry Brougham.

—Moore,

-Punch,

This township was named after Henry, Lord
Brougham and Vaux, Lord Chancellor of England, born
in Edinburgh, 1778, died 1868. He helped to start the
Edinburgh Review in 1802, and contributed to it for
twenty-five years. Mr. Brougham entered the House of
Commons in 1810; he opposed the slave trade, favored
Catholic Emancipation and reform of the Indian Govern
ment, and condemned flogging in the army. He labored
in the cause of popular education and gained great
popularity by his efforts on behalf of Queen Caroline.
The attorneys were so indignant at Mr. Brougham's efforts
to reform the law and curtail their profits that they
formed a combination to give him no briefs, but the plot
fell through. As Lord Chancellor under Earl Grey, he
made a fine record, and he helped to get the Reform Bill
through the House of Lords. He censured the Canadian
policy of the Whigs and attacked Lord Durham. Lord
Brougham wrote " Sketches of Statesmen who flourished

RENFREW COUNTY 87
in the time of George III.," and " Lives of Men of Letters
and Science."
The village of Brougham, in Westmoreland, and the
ancient castle belonged to the Clifford family. Brougham
Hall, the seat of Lord High Chancellor Henry Brougham,
is about a mile from the ancient castle. An urn filled
with Roman silver coins was dug up in the neighbourhood
of the castle in 1792.

GRATTAN TOWNSHIP (1851)

Shade of our glorious Grattan, too.
Whose very name her shame recalls ;
Whose effigy her bigot crew
Reversed upon their monkish walls.
— Moore's Triumph of Bigotry,
This township was named after Henry Grattan, an
Irish statesman and orator, born in Dublin, 1750, died
1820. He became a member of the Irish Parliament in
1775, denied the right of the British Parliament to
legislate for Ireland and opposed the union of the two
kingdoms. His style of oratory was impassioned, and
he was frequently entirely carried away and overcome
by his subject. His private character was without a
blemish.

88 NOTHING BUT NAMES

WILBERFORCE TOWNSHIP (1851

O, Wilberforce, thou man of black renown.
Whose merit none enough can sing or say,
Thou hast struck one immense Colossus down,
Thou moral Washington of Africa. — Don Juan.
The name was given in honor of William Wilberforce
philanthropist and statesman, born in Hull, England,
1759, died 1833. He voted for the Canada Bill, advocated
the abolition of slavery with great persistency, and died
just after the passage of the Emancipation Act. Through
out his life a large proportion of his income was devoted
to charity. His son, Robert Isaac Wilberforce, born
1802, died 1857, a friend of Pusey and Newman, joined
the Roman Catholic Church. Another son, Samuel,
became Bishop of Oxford, and was one of the ablest
debaters in the House of Lords.

ALICE TOWNSHIP (1855)

'Midst the din he seemed to hear
Voice of friends, by death removed ;
Well he knew that solemn air,
'Twas the lay that Alice loved.

— Scott.

Without any pretence of certainty, some of the
Renfrew people say this township was named after
Princess Alice Maud Mary, second daughter of Queen

RENFREW COUNTY 89
Victoria, born 1843, died 1878, having married, in 1862,
Louis IV., Grand Duke of Hesse. The Princess was only
twelve years old when the township was named.

PETEWAWA TOWNSHIP (1857)

Minne-wawa ! said the pine trees. — Hiawatha,
A LARGE river called the Petewawa, which rises near
the head waters of the Muskoka River, empties into the
Ottawa at Petewawa township. The township took its
name from the river, and the river according to one
account was called by the name of an Indian woman,
Petewawa, whose house was on its bank. She died in
1873, aged 115 years. Mr. White, of Pembroke, says
Petewawa was an Indian chief The word is pronounced
in the Indian language and should be spelled Peet-wai-wai,
and it means " the sound is coming." Schoolcraft says
the final syllable "wa" in compound words, in the
Chippewa language, stands for "voice." Dr. Jones says
Petewawa means " approaching sound." On the map in
Smith's Canada (185 1) the name of the river is spelled
Petawauwee. Longfellow in Hiawatha mentions wawa,
the wild goose, and waw-be-wawa, the white goose.

90 NOTHING BUT NAMES

BUCHANAN TOWNSHIP (1857)

Come forth, Buchanan of that ilk,
Receive the praises due
To pluck and patriotism whilk
Had aye an end in view —
Auld Scotia's glory and the good
Of all her brave and brilliant brood. — William Murray.
The opinion prevails in some parts of Renfrew county
that this township was named in honor of Hon. Isaac
Buchanan, fourth son of Peter Buchanan, of Auchmar,
Stirlingshire, Scotland, born at Glasgow in 18 10, died at
Hamilton, Ontario, in 1883, who represented Toronto in
Parliament in 1841-44 and Hamilton 1858-64; became a
member of the Government and President of the Council,
1864, and was very prominent as a wholesale merchant,
with houses in Glasgow, New York, Montreal, Toronto,
Hamilton and London. But Mr. Peter Toronto Buchanan
(who died November 9, 1898), head of the clan Buchanan
since the death of his father, Hon. Isaac Buchanan, said
that Buchanan township was named after George
Buchanan, of Arnprior, who lost his life at the Chats
Rapids in the Ottawa River in 1840. George Buchanan
and Andrew Buchanan, of the Bathurst District," and John
Buchanan of the Ottawa District were Commissioners of
the Court of Requests in 1833. George Buchanan of
Arnprior led a portion of the Clan Buchanan to Canada,
and was a leading man in the district. He was killed by
the blow of a stick of timber at the breaking up of a raft
in the rapids. His wife was Caroline (Kathleen) Powell, a

RENFREW COUNTY 91
daughter of Colonel James Hamilton Powell, of H. M.
103rd Regiment of the line, who was Chairman of the
Land Board, Superintendent of Military Settlers in the
Perth District (now Lanark county) and High Sheriff of
the District of Bathurst. Col. Powell died in the parish of
Glen-colm-kill, county of Donegal, Ireland, in 1831, aged
fifty-eight years, while there on a visit, and his wife,
Matilda (Hume) Powell, erected a monument to his
memory in the parish church. William Powell, son of
Col. J. H. Powell, was Sheriff of Carleton, and died in
1889. He married in 1857 Rosanna Margaret, daughter
of Col. William Wallis, of Port Hope. George Buchanan's
younger brother, John, who was his partner in the lumber
business, is buried at Hull, Quebec. Of George Buchanan's
children, Victoria and George died at Malta, John died in
Brazil, and William Frederick died at Winnipeg in 1886,
aged fifty-eight years. George Buchanan's widow, nee
Powell, married, secondly. Major Francis Ringler Thom
son, commanding officer of the Royal Engineers in charge
of the military canal works at Bytown {i.e., the Rideau
Canal). Their daughter, Florence Ringler Thomson, is
now the wife of Captain Brown Wallis (son of Colonel
Wallis, of Port Hope) connected with the Land Patents
Branch of the Department of the Interior at Ottawa, and
late of H.M. looth Regiment. Major (he was Major-
General at the time) and Mrs. Thomson died in England
and were buried in the English Church graveyard at
Epsom, Surrey.
Rev. George Buchanan was sent out by Lord Bathurst
as minister to the Glasgow Park Head emigrants, who
settled in Lanark county. He had been left by his
congregation for accepting a military commission at the
time of the threatened Napoleonic invasion in 1803.

92 NOTHING BUT NAMES

MATTAWATCHAN TOWNSHIP (1859)

Mattawatchan might be another form of Madawaska,
the name of a large river which flows through the township
and empties into the Ottawa. Lovell gives the meaning
of Madawaska as " never frozen." Sir D. W. Smith in his
Gazeteer (1799) spelled it Mataouaschie, and Dr. Scadding
says the word means " running through rushes.'' Prof
Ganong says the present Maliseet Indian pronunciation is
Med-a-wes-kak, with the accent on the third syllable. St.
Vallier in 1688 spelled it Medouaska and Gyles in 1689
wrote Medawescook. In the grant of a seigniory in 1683
it was Madouesca, and a map of New Brunswick, dated
1686, shows Lac Medaouasca. The name is applied to a
branch of the Aroostook River in Maine and to a lake in the
Adirondacks, as well as to the rivers in New Brunswick
and Ontario. Mr. William White thinks Mattawatchan is
an entirely different word from Madawaska. It may be a
diminutive, or other derivative, of Mattawa, or Mattawan,
which means " where a river falls into a lake.'' Dr. Jones
translates Mattawan " greasy " and says that Mattawatchan
"likely refers to something greasy."

RENFREW COUNTY 93
GRIFFITH TOWNSHIP (1859)

And, with a license from our good lord mayor.
Went to one Griffith, formerly a player.
Twice have men tried a Crystal Palace dinner.
Twice sought to find a Peeler on his beat,
But never yet has Briton, saint or sinner.
Performed great Darby Griffith's awful feat.

— Swift,

-Punch.

There is an impression among the residents of Ren
frew that this township was named in honor of a former
Deputy Postmaster-General, but Col. White, who filled
that office until a recent date, says that they must have
mixed the names, as the gentleman in the Post Office
Department was Mr. Griffin, not Griffith. The Archives
mention Rear Admiral Griffith, ordered in 1820 to convey
Dalhousie from Halifax to Quebec. Mr. William White,
of Pembroke, thinks Griffith and Radeliffe come in with
the Crimean names of Raglan, Brudenell and Sebastopol,
as they were all surveyed about the same time. Kinglake
says (Vol. II. , p. 449) : " Colonel Griffith, commanding the
Greys (at Balaclava) was so struck, it seems, by a shot in
the head as to be prevented from continuing to lead on
his regiment." " Men of the Time '' mentions the death
of Sir Richard John Griffith in 1878. William Griffith
was an English physician and naturalist, born 18 10, died
at Malacca, 1845. He wrote reports upon the botany of
Assam, Afghanistan and Malacca, and collected animals
and birds as well as plants. The Darby Griffith referred
to by Punch was M.P. for Devizes in 1864. Whitaker's
Almanac records the death of General Darby Griffith,
C.B., November 17, 1887, aged seventy-seven. Sir Richard

94 NOTHING BUT NAMES
John Griffith, of Londonderry and Pencraig, Anglesey,
who made "Griffith's Valuation," born 1784, created a
Baronet 1858, died 1878, was chief boundary surveyor
and commissioner of the Irish Board of Works, 1851-64.

SEBASTOPOL TOWNSHIP (1857)

Alas, I had been dreaming
Of days long, long ago ;
I woke before Sebastopol,
And not in Aherlow.

-C, J. Kickhayn.

Sebastopol, after which this township takes its name,
is a fortified city of Russia in the Crimea. In 1854-55
Sebastopol was invested by the allied British, French,
Sardinian and Turkish armies, and after a protracted
siege, was taken Septei^ber 8, 1855. The "Fall of
Sebastopol " was the occasion of great demonstrations
throughout the British Empire, such as bonfires and illu
minations.

ALGONA TOWNSHIP, NORTH AND SOUTH (1857)

Let me go with you, he whispered,
O, my sweetheart, my Algonquin. — Longfellow,
SCHOOLCRAFT says Algonac, a village of St. Clair
county, Michigan, is a term derived from the word Algon
quin and akee, meaning earth or land. Some time after
the defeat of the Algonquins of the St. Lawrence valley

RENFREW COUNTY 95
by the Iroquois, the former were collected by the Catholic
Church into a mission, and settled at the Lake of Two
Mountains, on the Utawas or Grand River of Canada,
where their descendants still remain. That the name
Algona was, like Algonac, derived from Algonquin appears
probable from the following statement in Schoolcraft's
" Thirty Years " : "A friend asked me to furnish him an
aboriginal name for a new town. I gave him the choice
of several. He selected Algonac. In this word the
particle ac is taken from ace, land or earth ; and its
prefixed dissyllable Algon from the word Algonquin.
This system, by which a part of a word is made to stand
for, and carry the meaning of, a whole word is common in
Indian compound substantives." The word Algona is
found as the name of a town in Kossuth county, Iowa.
There is an Indian reserve at Lake Golden, in Algona
township.

FRASER TOWNSHIP (1854)

May Heaven send you o' its gifts
Its very choicest treasures.
And bless your wife, and hae a care
O'er a' the little Erasers. —A, H, Wtngfield,
The names of so many Erasers are prominent in
Canadian history that it is difficult to select the one in
whose honor this township was named. General Simon
Fraser, son of Lord Lovat the Jacobite, joined the 78th
Regiment, or Eraser's Highlanders as Lieut.-Colonel.
They served at Louisbourg, Montmorenci and the Plains
of Abraham. The General died in 1782. Another Simon
Fraser in 1806 found his way across the Rocky Mountains,

96 NOTHING BUT NAMES
and gave his name to the river in British Columbia.
Captain Thomas Fraser and Captain William Fraser
were' among the earliest settlers on the St. Lawrence.
Thomas Fraser was one of the gentlemen summoned to
Governor Simcoe's first Legislative Council in 1792.
Several Erasers drew land in Edwardsburg township
before 1802. Captain Thomas Fraser and Duncan Fraser
took an active part in the war of 1812-14. Thomas
Fraser, of Prescott, was appointed to the Legislative
Council, October, 1816. Captain Thomas Fraser, a U.E.
Loyalist, Sheriff of the Johnstown District and member
of Parliament, once owned the ground at Ottawa on
which the Parliament Buildings now stand. His son. Col.
R. D. Fraser, M. P. for Leeds, was at the battle of
Chrysler's Farm. R. D. Fraser's son, Dr. A. H. Fraser,
served in the Crimean and American Wars, and settled
at Brockville. Colonel the Hon. Alexander Fraser, of
Fraserfield, in Glengarry county, was a member of the
Legislative Council of Canada. A. Fraser, appointed to
the Legislative Council in 1841, died in 1854. J. Fraser,
also appointed in 1841, resigned in 1843. Isaac Fraser,
of Ernestown, for many years M.P.P. for Lennox and
Addington, " was a man of great decision of character,
and his opinion always commanded great respect." The
names of Donald Fraser and Simon Fraser are in the list
of Commissioners of the Court of Requests for the
Bathurst District in the report of the Committee on
Grievances (1835). Several correspondents state that the
township was named after the late Hon. C. F. Fraser,
Commissioner of Public Works in the Mowat Government
of Ontario, but that is most improbable, as he was a mere
child when the township was named. The balance of the
testimony is in favor of one of the Erasers who was
engaged in the lumber business.

RENFREW COUNTY 97
McKAY TOWNSHIP (1855)

No, Sandy MacKay is a douce decent man,
And there's naething about him that's mean ;
He's kind and warm-hearted and bauds oot his han'
When he sees you're in want o' a freen'. —A. H. Wing field.
This township was named after Hon. Thomas McKay
of Ottawa, M.P. for Russell county in 1835, and a member
of the Legislative Council from 1841 till his death in 1855.
He recorded his solitary vote against the address in the
session of 1850, for the reason that there was no mention
of the secularization of the Clergy Reserves in the speech
from the Throne. Thomas McKay was a Commissioner
of the Court of Requests for the Ottawa district in 1833.
He gave evidence before the grievance committee in 1835.
Rideau Hall, the residence of the Governor-General, in the
village of New Edinburgh, a suburb of Ottawa city, was
built for a private residence by the late Hon. Thomas
McKay. It has been occupied by the representatives of
Her Majesty since the time of Lord Monck. Hon. Thomas
McKay's son, Lieut. Charles McKay, born in Montreal in
1836, was studying in Edinburgh when the Crimean War
broke out and he joined the 97th Regiment. He reached
the Crimea in 1856 after the fall of Sebastopol. On the
outbreak of the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857, he went to India
with his regiment, and had hard fighting at Chaundra
Moorshegunge and before Lucknow. He remained in
garrison at Lucknow till January, 1859, when he was
ordered to Banda, in Oude, where he died of smallpox
after three days illness on February 13, 1859, in the

gS NOTHING BUT NAMES
twenty-third year of his age. The War Office in i860 sent
to his mother at Ottawa a medal which had been granted
for Lieut. McKay's services and gallant conduct.

WYLIE TOWNSHIP (1864)

This township was named after Hon. James Wylie, a
member of the Legislative Council before Confederation,
who was born in Paisley, Scotland, and on coming to
Canada with his wife and family about 1 820 settled in the
township of Ramsay. His name appears in the Report of
the Committee on Grievances (1835) as one of the Com
missioners of the Court of Requests for the Bathurst
district. Mr. Wylie was a merchant in Ramsay village
(now Almonte). He was appointed to the Legislative
Council in 1849 and died in 1854. His wife (n6e Mary
Hamilton) was also a native of Paisley, as were many of
the first settlers in Ramsay township. His son, James H.
Wylie, engaged in the milling business at Almonte and
became postmaster of that town. Mr. James Watson
Wylie, grandson of Hon. James Wylie, born at Almonte
in 1 86 1, married a daughter of Judge Logie, of Hamilton.

RENFREW COUNTY 99
ROLPH TOWNSHIP (1855)

And there they laid down all their plans
Of this great revolution.
And destined Rolph to be the head
Of their new constitution. -rCobourg Star, l8j8.
This township was named after Hon. John Rolph,
LL.D., M.D., M.R.C.S., Eng., born at Thornbury, Glou
cestershire, England, March 4, 1793. His father was Dr.
Thomas Rolph, his grandfather George Rolph, an attorney
and solicitor, and his great grandfather John Rolph, who
was buried at Thornbury in 1757. Hon. John Rolph
studied at Cambridge University, and took up both law
and medicine, the latter under Sir Astley Cooper. He
came to Canada in his youth and lived first in Norfolk,
then in Dundas, and in 1832 went to Toronto. Before
leaving England he was called to the Bar of the Inner
Temple, and in 1821 he was called to the Bar of Upper
Canada. Elected to Parliament for Middlesex in 1824, he
soon became a prominent Reformer. In 1835 he was
appointed a member of the Executive Council. Dr. Rolph
was not in favor of an appeal to arms, but desired a
mighty popular demonstration of Canadians, French and
English, to impress the Imperial Government with the
necessity of a change of Colonial policy. He escaped to
the United States after the Rebellion of 1837-38, but was
pardoned and returned to Canada in 1843. He was again
elected to Parliament and became President of the Council
and Minister of Agriculture in the Hincks-Morin Govern
ment. He disapproved of the coalition of 1854, sat out
the remainder of that Pariiament in opposition, and then

lOo NOTHING BUT NAMES
retired to private life. After his return from the United
States, Dr. Rolph established a School of Medicine in
Toronto, which was incorporated in 1853 under the title of
the " Toronto School of Medicine." He died at Mitchell,
Perth county, Ontario, in 1870.

LYNDOCH TOWNSHIP (1862)

This is the oily Baronet, Graham
Who ffays his foes, and delights 1

and delights to flay em.

— Punch.

This township was named after Thomas Graham,
Baron Lynedoch, the ablest of Wellington's lieutenants, a
son of Thomas Graham of Balgowan, in Perthshire. He
was born in 1750. His mother was Lady Christian Hope,
daughter of the Earl of Hopetoun ; he married in 1774
Hon. Mary Cathcart, daughter of Lord Cathcart, whose
other two daughters were married on the same day to the
Duke of Atholl and Lord Stormont. His wife dying in
1792, Mr. Graham in 1793 accompanied Lord Hood to the
south of France, and in 1794 he raised a corps which
formed part of General the Earl of Moira's army. He
went to Gibraltar in 1795, became attached to the Austrian
army, then returned to Gibraltar and took part in the
attack on Minorca. He besieged Malta 1798-1800, until
the French surrendered the fortress, and he went to Egypt
in 1801. Then he served in Ireland, the West Indies,
Sweden and Spain, receiving the thanks of Parliament.
In 1 8 14 he was appointed to the command of the forces in
Holland and raised to the peerage, with a pension of
;^2,ooo a year. In 1821 he was raised to the rank of
General. He died on December 18, 1843.

RENFREW COUNTY

BRUDENELL TOWNSHIP (1857)

E'en bluff Lord Brudenell's self admired the strain,
In all the tuneful agonies of pain ;
Who, winking, bea;t with duck-like nods the time.
And call'd the music and the words sublime. — Peter Pindar.
This township was named in honor of James Thomas
Brudenell, seventh Earl of Cardigan, born 1797, died 1868.
He entered the army in 1824, and by the aid of his wealth,
in those days of purchase, he was rapidly promoted, and
in 1830 was Colonel of the isth Hussars. Tried by Court
martial for tyranny," he was reinoved, but in 1832 he was
restored to the service as Colonel of the nth Hussars-
Lord JBrudenell was a member of the House of Commons
from 18 1 8 to 1837, when he succeeded his father as Earl
of Cardigan. In 1840 he fought a duel with Captain
Tuekett, whom he wounded. Lord Cardigan was acquitted
by the House of Lords, but public opinion was against
him. On the autbreak of the Crimean War he was made
a Major-General. He led the Six Hundred in the charge
of the Light Brigade at Balaklava, October 25, 1854,
having received an order from his sister's husband. Lord
Lucan, to perform the impossible task of capturing certain
guns from the Russians. For this exploit he was made
a K.C.B. Upon Lord Cardigan's death, the Earldom oi
Cardigan, Barony of Brudenell and the Baronetcy went to'
his cousin, Sir George W. F. Brudenell-Bruce, second
Marquis of Ailesbury, who married Lady Mary Caroline
Herbert, daughter of the eleventh Earl of Pembroke, and
sister of Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, Secretary for the
Colonies in 1855. (See Pembroke township). The name

I02 NOTHING BUT NAMES
of Brudenell is an ancient one, being traced back to
\^'illiam de Bredenhill, who held lands in Oxford in the
time of Henry III. It was sometimes written Brodenhull.
It appears frequently in the "Peerage" and in such
paragraphs as the following :
" Shardeloes Park, a mile from Amersham, Bucks, was
formerly in the possession of the Brudenells, which family
terminated in a peeress, and brought Shardeloes to the
Cheynes." " Anna Maria Brudenell, the infamous Countess of
Shrewsbury, married one of the Bruges, or Br}'dges, family,
afterwards raised to the Dukedom of Chandos ; her former
husband, the Earl of Shrewsbury, died from a wound
received in a duel with the Duke of Buckingham, during
the fighting of which the Countess had the audacity to
hold the horse of her gallant, disguised as a page. Charles
the Second was frequently the guest of this notorious
woman at the mansion of Avington, which thus became
the scene of that licentious monarch's pleasures."
Charles Lennox, the first Duke of Richmond, married
a widow whose maiden name was Anne Brudenell.

HAGARTY TOWNSHIP (1862)

This township was called after Hon. John H. Hagarty,
Chief Justice of Ontario, born at Dublin, 1S16, educated at
Trinity College, Dublin ; came to Toronto in 1834; was
appointed to the Bench, 1856; Chief Justice of the
Common Pleas, 1868. His judical decisions are careful
and correct, and Judge Hagarty has earned a good
reputation as a poet.

RENFREW COUNTY 103
RICHARDS TOWNSHIP (1862)

Where Richards wakes a genuine poet's fires,
And modern Britons glory in their sires.

—Byron.

This township took its name from Chief Justice Sir
William Buell Richards, born at Brockville in 181 5. His
father was Stephen Richards, who married Phoebe Buell, a
daughter of William Buell, a U. E. Loyalist, and his wife
Martha Norton. William Buell Richards was called to
the bar in 1837. In 1848 he was elected to Parliament as
a Reformer for Leeds county, defeating Ogle R. Gowan,
the Orange Grand Master. Mr. Richards was Attorney-
General in the Hincks Government in 1851. In 1853 he
was made Judge of the Common Pleas, Chief Justice in
1863, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the
Dominion in 1875, a position which he resigned in 1878.
He died on January 26, 1889. " As a Judge he occupied
a very high place in public esteem, and his decisions
always commanded the highest respect of bench and bar."
His grandfather William Buell came to Brockville in 1785,
and in 1800 he was elected to Parliament, defeating Reuben
Sherwood. In 1867, two brothers of Chief Justice Richards were
defeated in South Leeds, one for the Commons and the
other for the Ontario Legislature. Albert Norton Richards
had been M.P. for South Leeds before Confederation and
was appointed Solicitor-General in the Sandfield Mac
donald Government in 1864, but going back for re-election
he was defeated in a contest made memorable by the part
taken in it by Sir John A. Macdonald and Hon. D'Arcy

I04 NOTHING BUT NAMES
McGee (See McMullen's History of Canada). Mr. A.
N. Richards was afterwards Lieutenant-Governor of
British Columbia.
Stephen Richards, the other brother, was elected M.P.P.
for Niagara, after his defeat in South Leeds, and he held
the office of Commissioner of Crown Lands under John
Sandfield Macdonald from 1867 to 1871 and remained in
the Legislature as a private member till 1875. Mr.
Richards., Mr. E. B. Wood and Mr. Sandfield Macdonald
represented the Reform element in the coalition ; Mr.
John Carling and Mr. Matthew Crooks Cameron were
their Conservative colleagues. (See Chaffey and Medora
townships).

RAGLAN TOWNSHIP (1857)

Three Lords were mixed in that affair,
Lucan and Raglan blundered both,
The third, who showed a hero there.
Did their joint bidding, greatly loath.

-Punch.

The township was called after James Henry Fitzroy
Somerset, Lord Raglan, son of the fifth Duke of Beaufort
and of a daughter of Admiral Boscawen. He was born in
1788 and entered the army in 1804. He was attached to
Sir Arthur Wellesley 's staff in the expedition against
Copenhagen in 1807, and during the Peninsular War he
was close to the great Duke's side, first as aide-de-camp
and then as military secretary. In 18 14 he married Lad)-
Emily Harriet Wellesley, daughter of the third Earl of
Mornington, and niece of the Duke of Wellington. She
was a sister of Lady Bagot. (See Bagot township). At

RENFREW COUNTY 105
Waterloo, Lord Fitzroy Somerset lost his right arm from a
shot, but when peace was restored he learned to write with
his left hand and resumed his work as secretary. After
Wellington's death, he was made Master-General of the
Ordnance, was appointed a Privy Councillor and was raised
to the peerage as Baron Raglan, of Raglan, Monmouth
county. When the Crimean War broke out Lord Raglan
was sixty-six years old. The story of his achievements and
difficulties from the time of his appointment to the com
mand of the army of invasion until June 28, 1855, when
he died of cholera in the camp before Sebastopol, is told
at length in Kinglake's six volumes on " The Invasion of
the Crimea." It was a strange coincidence that the ship
which carried Lord Raglan to the Crimea — the Caradoc —
was the same one in which his remains were borne back
to his native land. Le Xord, a Russian newspaper, paid
the following tribute to Lord Raglan :
" As a subject he performed his duty by obeying the
command of his sovereign, and as a soldier he valiantly
defended the honor of his flag ; but even in the execution
of his duty he preserved unblemished to his death his own
personal dignity and that of his country. He has fallen,
like so many others, a victim to this disastrous war.
Honored be his memory, and respected be his grave,
which will be as sacred on the soil of Russia as on that of
England."

io6 NOTHING BUT NAMES

RADCLIFFE TOWNSHIP (1859)

When Radeliffe fell, afflicted Physic cried,
" How vain my power ! " and languished at his side.
— Samuel Wesley.
A Pembroke correspondent says that Radeliffe town
ship was named after a local lumberman, but there is no
record of any such man in the Crown Lands Department.
If it is a Crimean name, as some affirm, the following
reference from Kinglake, Vol. I., p, 537, may apply :
"During this conflict, the four regiments which stormed
the redoubt had undergone cruel slaughter. In the 23rd
Regiment, besides Colonel Chester, Wynn, Evans, Conolly,
Radeliffe, Young and Butler were killed." Another
Radeliffe, who served in the Indian Mutiny as well as in
the Crimea, was General Sir William PoUexfen Radeliffe,
K.C.B., born 1823, knighted 1886, died March 23, 1897.
He married in 1870 Isabel Elise, daughter of Hon. Peter
Boyle de Blaquiere. They resided at Mortimer-Mortimer,
Berks. Hon. Thomas Radeliffe, born 1794, died at
Amherst Island, 1 841, entered the army in 181 1 and served
under the Duke of Wellington through the whole of the
Peninsular campaigns, receiving eight wounds. Having
settled in the township of Adelaide, Upper Canada, in
1832, he took part in the defence at the time of the
Rebellion of 1837-38, and captured the schooner Ann,
with several rebel leaders on board. He was a member of
the Legislative Council of Upper Canada. One of his
sons was city clerk of Toronto. Another lived in
Goderich. There are villages named Radeliffe in Bucks
and Lancashire, England.

RENFREW COUNTY 107

SHERWOOD TOWNSHIP (1862)

Let stags of Sherwood leap for glee
And bound the deer of Dalloun Lee !
The broken bones of Bannock's shore
Shall in the greenwood ring no more.

—Scott.

This township is named after Judge Henry Sherwood,
born at Brockville. He was Solicitor-General in the
Hincks Government, though a pronounced Conservative.
His father was Levius P. Sherwood, who was a Legislative
Councillor in the forties, and was also a Judge. George
Sherwood, another son of Levius, was Clerk of Assize.
Adiel Sherwood, a cousin of Levius, born in New York
State in 1779, was Colonel of the Militia, Clerk of the
Peace, Commissioner of the Land Board, Sheriff and
Treasurer of the Johnstown District. He lived to a great
age, and has furnished much information to historians
about the settlement of the country north of the St.
Lawrence. Thomas Sherwood, the father of Adiel, and
uncle of Levius, born at Stratford, Connecticut, was the
first actual settler in the county of Leeds, where he
arrived in 1784. Being one of the first magistrates
appointed by Governor Simcoe, Thomas Sherwood
frequently performed the marriage ceremony. Samuel
Sherwood was the first appointed lawyer for the Johnstown
District. He had studied two or three years with lawyer
Walker, of Montreal. He was elected to Parliament in
1801. Reuben Sherwood surveyed the township of South
Crosby before the year 1800. He took an active part in
the war of 1 812- 14 The first male child born in Leeds
was James Sherwood, son of Thomas Sherwood.

io8 NOTHING BUT NAMES

BURNS TOWNSHIP (1874)

And Robert Burns, respecting which they're getting up a row ;
I've heard he made good songs, and such, when following of his plough.
— Punch.
This township is named after Judge Robert Easton
Burns, son of the Rev. John Burns, a Presbyterian
Minister who settled at Niagara in 1804. Judge Burns,
who was appointed to the Bench in 1850, and died in
1863, concurred with Chief Justice Sir John Beverley
Robinson in his judgment on the Anderson Slave Case,
that the escaped slave, accused of murder in making his
escape, should be returned to the United States. " The
public voice was loudly raised against the decision, as a
quasi-recognition of slavery."

JONES TOWNSHIP (1863)

Brave heart, let not thy head
Acquire the name of block ;
Let Jones be killed by steel or lead,
But not be slain by stock.

— Punch.

This township was named after Judge Jonas Jones,
son of Ephraim Jones, who settled in Augusta and was a
member of the first Parliament of Upper Canada, held at
Newark. Of Ephraim's sons, Charles was an M.P. and
Legislative Councillor, William was a merchant at Delta,
Alpheus was Collector of Customs and Postmaster at

RENFREW COUNTY 109
Prescott, and Jonas became a Judge. The latter was
educated by Dr. Strachan. He studied law, served in the
war of 1 81 2, was present at the attack on Ogdensburg in
181 3, rose to the rank of Colonel in the militia, was
appointed Judge of the Bathurst and Johnstown districts,
then Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench in 1837. He
moved to Toronto and died there in 1848, aged fifty-seven.
A biographer says that " his decisions gave great satis
faction ; his manliness of character and honesty of
purpose caused him to be much beloved." Judge Jones'
sister Charlotte married Judge Levius P. Sherwood.
Sophia married Sheriff Stewart. Eliza married H. J.
Boulton, afterwards Governor of Newfoundland. Judge
Jones had eight sons and three daughters, of whom the
eldest, David Ford Jones, a manufacturer at Gananoque,
born in 1818, was elected to Parliament in 1864, 1874 and
1878. Dr. Solomon Jones served with Burgoyne's army
before coming to Canada. He was a member of Parlia
ment and Judge of the Johnstown District Court. His
three brothers, Daniel, John and David joined him in
Canada. Durham Jones, a son of Solomon, was a
prominent citizen, and Ormond Jones was Registrar of
Leeds county. Lossing says that Captain David Jones,
whose wife, Jane McCrea, was killed in 1777, lived in
Canada to a good old age. Jonathan Jones, his brother,
assisted to raise a company in Lower Canada in 1776, and
joined the British army in garrison at Crown Point.
John, known as Mahogany, Jones escaped from Boston
jail and arrived in Quebec in 1780. Sir Daniel Jones,
born 1794, died at Brockville in 1838. He visited Eng
land in 1835, and was knighted by King William IV.,
being the first native of Upper Canada to receive that
honor. His death cast a gloom over his native place.

NOTHING BUT NAMES

HEAD TOWNSHIP (1859)

So find me now Sir Francis Head, —
A learned man is he, —
Successor to the brave Sir John
I vow that man shall be.
— Lord Glenelg, per Cobourg Star, 1838.
Mr. Peter Buchanan was of opinion that this
township was named after Sir Francis Bond Head, born
in 1793. He served with W^ellington in Spain and at
Waterloo. In 1835 he most unexpectedly received the
appointment of Governor of Upper Canada ; arrived at
Toronto in January, 1836, and remained till 1837, his
term covering the period of the Mackenzie rebellion.
McMullen says " there can be very little doubt entertained
that the singular and very imprudent conduct of Sir
F. B. Head produced, in a great measure, the wretchedly
organized rebellious outbreak in Upper Canada." He
died in 1875. The general verdict, based upon the date
of its survey and other circumstances, is that Head
township was named after Sir Edmund Walker Head,
Governor-General of Canada 1855-61, descended from an
honoroble family in Kent, who was a brilliant scholar
and a careful writer. His most notable achievement in
Canada was assisting to work the " double-shuffle " in
1858, which made him very unpopular with the Reform
party. On his return to England he was gazetted to a
Civil Service Commissionership and elected Governor of
the Hudson's Bay Company, a position which he retained
until his death in 1868, when the baronetcy became
extinct. His only son John was drowned in the St
Maurice River in 1859.

RENFREW COUNTY

MARIA TOWNSHIP (1859)

Prepare, Maria, for a horrid tale
Will turn thy very rouge to deadly pale.

-Burns,

This township is supposed to have been named in
honor of Anna Maria Yorke, wife of Sir Edmund W.
Head, whom she married in 1838. They had one son,
John (see Head township) and two daughters, Caroline
and Amabel Jane, the former of whom was married in
1879 to Lieut. Charles William Herbert, of the Royal
Navy.

CLARA TOWNSHIP (1863)

Clara, this beauty, had a figure light.
Her face was handsome, and her eyes were bright — Crabbe.
The friends of the lady who intended to immortalize
her by giving her Christian name to this township were
badly advised, for the most diligent enquiry has failed to
discover a single person who knows Clara's other name.

1 1 2 NOTHING B UT NAMES

FRONTENAC COUNTY (1792)

From far Quebec to Frontenac, they said,
King's ships and forts gave up the half their stores. — W. Kirby.
Giving Frontenac's proud message to the clustered British .ships :
" I will answer your commander only by my cannons' lips."
—Arthur Weir.
This county got its name from the French Governor,
Louis de Buade, Count de Frontenac, who was born in
1620 and died in 1698, having been a power in Canada for
twenty-five years. On the old maps the name of the
county is spelled Frontignac, a word which is defined as a
sweet muscat wine made in Frontignan, in the Department
of Herault. The Duke de St. Simon said that Frontenac
found it hard to bear the imperious temper of his wife, and
he was given the Government of Canada in 1672 to deliver
him from her, and afford him some means of living. He
built Fort Frontenac at Cataraqui and fought the English
and their Indian allies at every opportunity. Colden says:
" De Frontenac stands conspicuous among all his nation
for deeds of cruelty. Nothing was more common than for
his Indian prisoners to be given up to his Indian allies to
be tortured." It was in Frontenac's time that slavery was
legalized in Canada. One hundred years later it was
abolished by Governor Simcoe's ParHament. McMullen
says Frontenac died, as he had lived, loved by some for
his courage and military virtues, hated by others for his
cruel temper and proud and overbearing manners, but
respected and feared alike by friend and foe, and with the
credit of having, with trifling aid from France, supported

FRONTENAC COUNTY 113
and increased the strength of a colony which he found, on
his reappointment, at the brink of ruin. He also died, as
he had lived, in bad odor with the Jesuits, and was shrived
in his last hours by a Recollet Father, and buried in the
RecoUet Church instead of in the Cathedral. The Jesuits
retaliated by abusing him in his grave.

WOLFE ISLAND TOWNSHIP (1792)

So fell the brave on Queenston's Heights, when Brock
Rolled back aggre.ssion and repelled the foe ;
So fell the brave where Wolfe sustained the shock
That laid his young heart low. ,
— Charles Songster.
The name Grand Isle was changed to Wolfe Island by
proclamation dated July i6th, 1792, the new name being
conferred in honor of General James Wolfe, a native of
Westerham, near Sevenoaks, Kent county, England. He
was the son of a Colonel who had served with distinction
under Marlborough. His mother, Henrietta Thompson,
came of a Yorkshire family of good position. James
entered his father's regiment of marines before he had
completed his fifteenth year. He fought at Dettingen, at
Culloden, and on the continent, and became commander
of the 20th regiment in 1749. He soon made his mark as
an officer, and such young men of rank as the Duke of
Richmond and the Marquis of Blandford sought commis
sions under Wolfe as their immediate chief When the
battle of Minden was fought in 1759, Wolfe was beyond
the Atlantic. When Lord Loudoun was recalled from
America, and Major-General Amherst received the com
mand-in-chief, the brigadier-generals appointed to serve

1 1 4 NO THING BUT NA MES
under Amherst were Lawrence, \\'hitmore and ^^"olfe.
After Louisbourg was taken Wolfe was made a Major-
General and sent with 8,000 men to take Quebec. With
him were .Admiral Saunders, Colonel (afterwards Sir
William) Howe, General Townshend and other men whose
names are preserved in Canadian geograph}-. Quebec
was taken in September, 1759, but U'olfe received two
wounds, one of which proved mortal. He was not \et
thirty-four years of age, having been born in January,
1726. Grande Isle was granted to LaSalle in 1675, who sold
it. In 1795 D. A. Grant and Patrick Langan bought it
from AI. and A. Curotte. In 1S19 the Baroness de
Longueuil, heir of D. A. Grant, asked the Government to
change the feudal title to tenure in free and common

HOWE ISLAND TOWNSHIP (1792)

Besides, the prince is all for the land-service.
Forgetting Duncan, Nelson, Howe and Jervis. — Don luan.
Swift at his call to draw the vengeful sword.
Undaunted Howe the Indian wilds explored. — JJ'. Ardens, lyOi.
Dr. Scadding thinks Howe Island was named in
honor of Richard, Earl Howe, a British Admiral, born
1735, died 1799. He served under Anson in the Pacific
and was promoted in 1745 for defeating two French
vessels of superior force. In 1755 he joined Admiral
Boscawen's fleet en route for Louisbourg, and in 1759
aided .Admiral Hawke to defeat the French at Ouiberon

FRONTENAC COUNTY 115
Bay. In 1765 he was in Parliament, and in 1770, as Rear
Admiral of the Blue, he commanded a fleet in the Mediter
ranean. In 1776 he sailed for North America, as joint
commissioner with his brother. General Sir William Howe,
for restoring peace, which he was unable to accomplish.
He fought the Americans and their French allies during
the war, and in 1782 was made a peer of Great Britain.
In that year he relieved Gibraltar, besieged by the com
bined navies of France and Spain. Pie continued in active
duty till 1797. His elder brother, George, fell at Ticon
deroga in 1758 ; his other brother, Sir William Howe,
who served under Wolfe at Quebec in 1759, and was
commander-in-chief of the British forces in America
1775-78, died in 1814. It is quite possible that the Island
was called after Sir William Howe, instead of Earl Howe.
The title descended to the Curzon family.

PITTSBURG TOWNSHIP (1787)

When Pitt expired in plenitude of power,
Though ill success obscured his dying hour.
Pity her dewy wings before him spread,
For noble spirits "war not with the dead."

-Byron,

Thrice happy man, on whom Dundas and Pitt,
With all the energy of human wit.
Have lavished the wild torrent of their praise,
Deck'd thy bald head with Glory's brightest rays.
—Peter Pindar (Dr, Wolcot).
This name commemorates Right Hon. William Pitt,
second son of William, first Earl of Chatham, and of Lady

s>

ii6 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Hester, onl\' daughter of Richard Grenville and Countess
Temple, born at Hayes, Kent, Alay 28, 1759. He studied
at Pembroke College, Cambridge, and took his seat in
Parliament as member for Appleb)- in 1781. At the age
of twenty-three he was Chancellor of the Exchequer in the
Shelburne Administration. At twent\--five he was Premier.
He fought France, effected the Union of Great Britain and
Ireland, encouraged commerce, ruled Parliament by his
eloquence and the Kingdom by his popularit}-, and died
unmarried in 1806, leaving Parliament to pa\" his debts
amounting to £4.0,000. Macaulay sa\-s that his " bitterest
enemies did not dare to accuse him of touching unlawful
gain." He was the author of the Constitutional Act of
1791, which made Upper Canada a separate province.
Pitt flourished in a time when part}- spirit ran ver\- high,
and he was consequenth- adored and reviled, as opinions
swa\'ed ; but after his death onh- one sentiment seemed
to prevail among political opponents as well as friends,
and he was universally allowed to be an illustrious and a
good man. Samuel Rogers, who lived from 1763 to 1S55,
in his reminiscences of public men, had this to sa\- of Pitt
and Dundas : " During his boyhood Pitt was ver\- weakh-,
and his physician, Addington ^^Lord Sidmouth's father\
ordered him to take port wine in large quantities : the
consequence was that, when he grew up, he could not do
without it. Lord Grenville has seen him swallow a bottle
of port in tumblerfuls before going to the House. This,
together with his habit of eating late suppers (indigestible
cold veal pies, etc.) helped undoubtedly to shorten his life.
Stothard, the painter, happened to be one evening at an
inn on the Kent road when Pitt and Dundas put up there
on their way from Walmer. Next morning, as they were
stepping into their carriage, the waiter said to Stothard,
'Sir, do you observe these two gentlemen?' 'Yes,' he

FRONTENAC COUNTY 117
replied; • and I know them to be Mr. Pitt and Mr. Dundas.'
' Well, sir, how much wine do you suppose they drank last
night ? Seven bottles, sir.' "

KINGSTON TOWNSHIP (1783)

The town's nam'd Kingston, Hull's the furious river.
And from Hull's dangers I say Lord deliver. —John Taylor.
Kingston, the first township surveyed in this locality
for the Loyalists, was so called in honor of King George
III., the city of the same name corresponding to Queen-
ston at the other end of Lake Ontario, which was called
after Queen Charlotte, wife of George III. There are
twenty-one places called Kingston in England, the chief of
which are Kingston upon Hull, in Yorkshire, and Kingston
upon Thames, in Surrey.

LOUGHBOROUGH TOWNSHIP (1798)

Loughborough was an awful knave.
The King said, in his rage ;
What would King George say, could he see
Lord Rosslyn on the stage ?

— B, Austen.

This township took its name from the title of Alex
ander Wedderburn, Baron Loughborough and Earl of
Rosslyn, born in Edinburgh, 1733, died in Berkshire, 1805.
He advanced rapidly as a lawyer and, obtaining a seat in

ii8 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Parliament in 1771, he was appointed Solicitor-General in
Lord North's Ministry, in which office he defended Lord
Clive when accused of maladministration in India. In
1788 he was made Attorney-General, and in 1780 Chief
Justice of the Common Pleas, when he was„ raised to the
peerage as Baron Loughborough in the county of Leicester.
In 1793 he became Lord Chancellor under Mr. Pitt.
Green says that Lord Loughborough, the Chancellor,
treacherously communicated Pitt's Catholic emancipation
project to the King. " I count any man my personal
enemy,'' George broke out angrily, to Dundas, " who
proposes any such measure." This drove Pitt from office>
1 80 1. Grenville followed him into retirement, and Adding
ton succeeded as Premier, Loughborough being created
Earl of Rosslyn in the county of Midlothian. Mitcham
Grove in Surrey, eight miles from London, is a handsome
seat which was presented to Lord Loughborough, when he
was Mr. Wedderburn, by Lord Clive, for his excellent
defence of that nobleman in the House of Commons.
The North British Review said : " Lord Thurlow and
Lord Loughborough were probably men as devoid of
principle as any in the preceding generation," and when
King George III. heard that Loughborough was dead, he
remarked : " He has not left a greater knave behind him
in my dominions." The present Earl of Rosslyn (1898)
has dissipated his fortune and is dancing on the stage for
£2 per week.
The market town of Loughborough, in Leicestershire,
on the road from London to Manchester, from which
Wedderburn's title was taken, is said to have been a royal
village in the times of the Saxon Kings of England. It
has many manufactures.

FRONTENAC COUNTY 119

STORRINGTON TOWNSHIP (184:

This township, formed from portions of Pittsburg,
Kingston and Loughborough, was named after the village
of Storrington in Sussex, England, seven miles from
Arundel and nine miles from Petworth. It was the
residence of the mother of Sir Henry Smith, who was born
at London, England, April 23, 181 2, and came to Canada
with his father in 1822. He was elected to the Canadian
Legislative Assembly as member for Frontenac in 1842,
was Solicitor-General in the early fifties and Speaker from
1856 to i860, in which year H.R.H. the Prince of Wales
visited Canada and conferred upon the Speaker of the
House the title of Knight Bachelor. Sir Henry was
defeated in 1862, but was elected to the Legislative
Assembly of Ontario in 1867 and remained M.P.P. for
Frontenac until his death, September 18, 1868. He was a
Q.C. and a Bencher of the Law Society for many years.
His son, Col. Henry R. Smith, is Sergeant-at-Arms in the
Canadian House of Commons.

PORTLAND TOWNSHIP (1798)

While Canning's colleagues hate him for his wit,
And old dame Portland fills the place of Pitt.
— English Bards and Scotch Reviewers,
Portland got its name from William Henry Caven
dish Bentinck, third Duke of Portland, born 1738, died

I.X-- NOTHING BUT NAMES
I SoQ, who married Lad}- Doroth\- Cavendish.'bnl}' daughter
of \Mlliam, fourth Duke of Devonshire. He was Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland in 17SJ, First Lord of the Treasur}-
in i,"Sj; and 1807, Secretar}' for the Home Department in
1704, Secretar}- for the Colonies in 1796, and there is much
correspondence in the Canadian Archives from him and
addressed to him. The historians describe him as weak
and vacillating, and call him the "nominal Premier." In
the footnote of the couplet quoted above, Byron sa\s : " A
friend of mine, being asked wh\- his Grace of Portland was
likened to an old woman, replied, ' he supposed it was
because he was past bearing.' His Grace is now gathered
to his grandmothers, >.\here he sleeps as sound as ever :
but e\en his sleep was better than his colleagues' waking.'
The Duke's second son, Lord William Charles Bentinck,
was Governor-General of India 1S27-35 v*ee Bentinck
townshipX The famih" is descended from the Dutch
friend of King \\'illiam III., \\' illiam Bentinck, who, from
personal regard, and at the risk of his life, la}- in the bed
with the Prince of Orange when the latter had the small
pox, and the ph\sician declared that it would improve his
chances of reco\er\- to have a healthy bo}- lie with him.
\Mien the Prince of Orange became King of Kngland, he
loaded Bentinck with estates and honors, and was \-er\-
patient when Bentinck became jealous of the new
favorite, Keppel. The first Earl of Portland married Miss
Frances Villiers. ^lacaula}- devotes much space to his
history and the description of his peculiarities, up to the
time when " Portland retired from the Court to enjo\- at
his ease immense estates scattered o\er half the shires of
England, and a hoard of read}- mone}-, such, it was said,
as no other private man in Europe possessed."
The Isle of Portland, in Dorsetshire, from which the
title was taken, is one continued bed or rock of freestone,

FRONTENAC COUNTY 121
covered with arable land. It has two lighthouses, a
remarkable cavern, and a castle that was erected by Henry
VIII. Portland stone has been used since the time of
James I. in the erection of the magnificent mansions of
England.

BEDFORD TOWNSHIP (1798)

But yet, before we go, let's not forget
The noble Duke of Bedford, late deceas'd. — King Henry IV.
Suffice it, when the dance begun.
The Stewards numbered — eighty-one.
For each fair pride of Huntingdon,
(Heedless of all her beaux' alarms),
Gladden'd old Bedford with her charms. —The Ball, 1821.
The name comes from the county of Bedfordshire, in
England, which got that name in the reign of Alfred the
Great, probably from Bedan Forda, the Fortress on the
Ford. The town of Bedford sent two members to Parlia
ment as early as 1295. The first Duke of Bedford was
John Plantagenet, Regent of France. Jasper Tudor, uncle
of Henry VIL, was a Duke of Bedford. Edward VI.
made John, Lord Russell, Earl of Bedford, and the title of
Duke of Bedford was bestowed upon the representative of
the Russell family by William III. "In Bedfordshire,
near the close of the eighteenth century, the Duke of
Bedford, of Woburn Abbey, strove to emulate the deeds
of Townshend, the Norfolk squire, and the growth of corn
and the production of meat were vastly increased."
Francis Russell was Duke of Bedford 1771-1802, which

122 NOTHING BUT NAMES
includes the period during which this township in Upper
Canada was surveyed and named. His grandfather, John,
was President of the Council in the Bedford-Grenville
Ministry (1764) and his brother and successor John (born
1766) was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, after the death of
Mr. Pitt. This John Russell was the Duke of Bedford
who married, as his seco'nd wife, Georgiana, daughter of
the Duchess of Gordon, sister of the Duchess of Richmond
and the Duchess of Manchester, and an aunt of Lady
Sarah Maitland. The story of John Bunyan's experience
in Bedford jail is too well known to require repetition.

HINCHINBROOKE TOWNSHIP (1798)

When Nelson sailed the Hinchinbrooke,
And CoUingwood the Hornet,
The Spaniard who got in their way
Had lasting cause to mourn it. — Orlando Peterson,
One of the titles of the Earl of Sandwich is Viscount
Hinchinbrooke, taken from a village in Huntingdonshire,
sixty miles from London, in which there is an ancient
nunnery. Lord Nelson commanded the ship Hinchin
brooke in 1780. On January 22, 1830, Hinchinbrooke
House, the seat of the Earl of Sandwich, was destroyed by
fire. It was built on the site of an old priory founded by
William the Conqueror, which in 1537 was granted by
Henry VIII. to Richard Williams, alias Cromwell. Lord
Viscount Hinchinbrooke, M.P. for Huntingdonshire, voted
for the Canada Bill, in 1791.

FRONTENAC COUNTY

OSO TOWNSHIP (1823)

Oso is the Spanish word for a bear, and the name is
obviously one of Sir Peregrine Maitland's selection.

OLDEN TOWNSHIP (1823)

Was so called from John Olden, a surveyor. Mr.
Robert Flynn, an old resident of the township, says that
what are known as the double-fronted townships, in the
range of Sherbrooke, Oso, Olden, Kennebec and Kaladar,
were surveyed under contract from the old Canadian
Government to Elmore and Smith, commencing as far
back as 1829, and supposed to be completed in 1835.
The contractors took land in different townships for part
pay, hence the Smith and McCady estates in many of the
townships mentioned, or in that range ; but the fact is,
when some of these townships were ordered to be
resurveyed, commencing in 1858, it was found that
many townships had been only partly surveyed, and
land that was wholly under water had been drawn by
intending settlers. " It was quite clear," Mr. Flynn says,
" that Olden township was sublet to be surveyed by a man
named John Olden, as his name was found by myself cut
with a knife on the bark of beech trees ; day and date,
June 12, 1 83 1." Mr. Olden must have been to the fore
several years earlier than that, as the name of Olden
township is in Fothergill's Almanac for 1824.

124 NOTHING BUT NAMES
KENNEBEC TOWNSHIP (1823)

You can see his fiery serpents.
The Kenabeek, the great serpents,
Coiling, playing in the water.

-Hiawatha,

Kennebec is an Indian name, brought to Upper
Canada from New Brunswick or Maine (possibly by
Benjamin HalloweU), in the days when grants of a
whole township of land to an individual were not
uncommon. Prof Ganong says Kennebec is variously
stated to mean long river, deep river and a snake, but
is uncertain. The diminutive is Kennebecasis. School
craft translates gitshee kenabik, "the great serpent.'' The
wagon road from Quebec to Boston, completed in 1830, is
called by N. P. Willis the Kennebeck road.

PALMERSTON TOWNSHIP (1822)

If the devil have a son.
Then be sure it's Palmerston. — German Couplet,
Pleased that his speech had every party riled.
The virtuous Palmerston sat down and smiled. — Punch.
This township is named after Henry John Temple, third
Viscount Palmerston, born at Broadlands, Hampshire,
1784, died 1865. He succeeded to his title at the age of
eighteen, but being deprived by the Act of Union of
taking his seat in the House of Lords, he contested an

FRONTENAC COUNTY 125
election to the House of Commons for Cambridge Univer
sity with Lord Henry Petty, afterwards Marquis of
Lansdowne, when he was twenty-one years old. He was
defeated, but soon after took his seat for Bletchingley, and
in 1807 was made a junior Lord of the Admiralty in
the Portland Government. From 1811 to 1831 he
represented Cambridge University, holding office under
Perceval, Canning and Grey. He was Foreign Secretary
under Melbourne, opposed the Ashburton Treaty by which
the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick was
settled in 1846, and was again Foreign Secretary in the
Russell and the Aberdeen Governments. In 1855 he was
head of the Ministry which brought the Crimean War to a
close, and in 1857 he despatched an army to suppress, the
Indian Mutiny. His Government was defeatdd in 1858,
but he was Premier again in 1859. Lord Palmerston was
in office nearly half a century altogether. His oratory
was as effective on the hustings as on the floor of Parlia
ment, though he seldom rose to eloquence. In extreme
old age he carried his years most gallantly, and his death
was regarded as a national loss. He married in 1839 the
Dowager Cauntess Cowper, daughter of the first Viscount
Melbourne, but left no issue. Lord Palmerston was
described as " indefatigable in business, fond of the
pleasures of society and of great culture." The awe which
the name of Palmerston inspired on the continent of
Europe, especially during the period 1835-41, explains the
couplet quoted above.
The wife of the late Earl of Bradford had a sister, of
whom it was said she was the only woman who refused
offers of marriage from two prime ministers. She was a
Miss Forester, and in her youth refused Lord Palmerston.
She married the Earl of Chesterfield, and as his widow
refused Lord Beaconsfield.

126 NOTHING BUT NAMES

CLARENDON TOWNSHIP (1822)

Hail, may a future age admiring view
A Falkland or a Clarendon in you.

— Byron,

The name is in honor of George William Frederick
Villiers, fourth Earl of Clarendon and Baron Hyde of
Hindon (see Hindon township), great grandson of the
second Earl of Jersey whose son, Thomas Villiers, was
created Baron Hyde by right of his wife Charlotte Hyde,
in 1756, and Earl of Clarendon by patent in 1776. The
fourth Earl (who was an elder brother of the late Charles
Pelham Villiers, the great free trader, M.P. for Wolver
hampton for more than sixty years and father of the
House of Commons until his death in 1898, aged ninety-
six) was born in 1800 and died in 1870. He was Minister
Plenipotentiary to Spain in 1833, Lord Privy Seal and
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in the Melbourne
Government, and three times Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs. He supported the repeal of the Corn Laws in
1846, was President of the Board of Trade under Lord
John Russell, and took the office of Lord Lieutenant of
Ireland in the famine year 1847. As a member of the
.Aberdeen and Palmerston Governments, Lord Clarendon
conducted the negotiations relative to the Crimean War
and signed the Treaty of Paris in 1855. He married Lady
Katherine Grimston, daughter of the first Earl of Verulam,
and widow of John Foster-Barham, (see Verulam town
ship). The title of Earl of Clarendon, first enjoyed by Sir
Edward Hyde, was derived from a spacious park near
Salisbury, formerly the site of a royal palace, but now

FRONTENAC COUNTY 127
noted as the place where King Henry II. summoned in
1164 the great Council of Peers and Prelates from which
emanated the celebrated regulations so well known in
history as the " Constitutions of Clarendon.'' By those the
clergy were declared amenable to the civil power, and
hence arose the contest between that monarch and Thomas
a Becket.

BARRIE TOWNSHIP (1822)

To the west of Lake Simcoe, a good place to tarry,
On Kempenfeldt Bay, is the nice town of Barrie.
— Muskoka Rhymer.
This township was named after Commodore Robert
Barrie, who was stationed at Kingston for some years after,
and perhaps during a part of, the war of 18 12-14. He
may have been the Captain Barrie who burned two French
storeships in 18 11, or the Captain Barrie who commanded
the St. Lawrence, Albion and Dragon, which chased
Captain Barney up the River Patuxent before the capture
of Washington City in 18 14. There certainly was a
Captain Robert Barrie with Admiral Griffith and Sir John
C. Sherbrooke on the coast of Maine in 18 13. One
historian says : " Barrie takes its name from Commodore
Barrie, who commanded the British squadron at Kingston
during the war of 1812-15." In 1823 he was Acting
Commissioner of the Navy at Kingston. (See Archives
1897). The name is also applied to the village of Barrie-
field, near Kingston, and to the town of Barrie in Simcoe
county, through which he passed in 1828. Dr. Scadding
says : " In the year 1828, Commodore Barrie was in York
(Toronto) Harbor." '' His Majesty's schooner Cockburn,"
says the Loyalist (newspaper) of June 7th, " bearing the

128 NOTHING BUT NAMES
broad pennon of Commodore Barrie, entered this port on
Monday last, and on landing at the garrison, the Commo
dore was received by a salute, which was returned b}- the
schooner. The }'acht Bullfrog was in compan}- with the
Cockburn. Commodore Barrie," it is added, " proceeds b}-
land to Lake Simcoe, and thence on a tour of inspection
at the several Naval Depots of the lakes." The same
author mentions that Commodore Barrie conve}-ed Sir
Peregrine Maitland from Kingston to York on H.M yacht
Bullfrog, October, 1828. During that }-ear Drummond
Island was given up to the Americans, and the 68th Regi
ment under Lieut. Carson, which had been stationed there,
was removed to Penetanguishene. The gossip was that
Barrie's visit to Drummond Island had something to do
with its cession.
In connection with the naming of the three townships
just mentioned and the two just west of them. Dr.
Scadding says in " Toronto of Old," p. 362 : " It would
seem that some one having access to the map or plan of a
newly surveyed region had inscribed across the parallelo
grams betokening townships a fragment of a well-known
Latin sentence, ' jus et norma,' placing each separate word
in a separate compartment. In this wa}- Upper Canada
had for a time a township of ' Jus,' and, more wonderful
still, a township of ' Et' In the Upper Canada Gazette of
March 11, 1822, these names are formalh- changed to
Barrie and Palmerston respectively. In the same adver
tisement, ' Norma,' which might have passed, is made
' Clarendon.' Other impertinent appellations are also at
the same time changed. The township of ' Yea ' is ordered
to be hereafter Burleigh, with a humorous allusion to the
famous nod, probably. The township of ' No ' is to be the
township of Grimsthorpe, and the township of ' Aye ' the
township of Anglesea."

FRONTENAC COUNTY 129
CANONTO TOWNSHIP, NORTH AND SOUTH (1858)

A dapper young man from Toronto
Came down to hunt deer in Canonto ;
He drank too much grog.
Caught his gun on a log ;
Nobody knows where his soul's gone to. — The Machine.
An aged Indian told a Kingston gentleman that
Canonto was the name of a Frenchman who lived there
many years ago. The township is at the extreme north
of Frontenac, and is accessible from the Ottawa, via the
Madawaska River.

MILLER TOWNSHIP (1860)

I thought this good as all Joe Millar's jokes.
And so I up and told it to the folks. — Peter Pindar,
This township was named after Hugh Miller, the
famous geologist, born in Cromarty, Scotland, in 1802,
died at Portobello, near Edinburgh, in 1856. From his
seventeenth to his thirty-fourth year he was an operative
mason, during which period he was an omnivorous reader,.
and with his hammer in his hand he was always on the
lookout for fossils. He became not only a self-taught
geologist, but a geologist capable of teaching others. He
published a volume of poems in 1829, and wrote letters to
the newspapers, until in 1840 he was called to be editor of

I30 NOTHING BUT NAMES
the Edinburgh Witness. In that paper he published the
essays afterward collected under the title of " The Old
Red Sandstone," which were immediately recognized by
savants as important additions to geological science. At
the meeting of the British Association in 1840 his labors
and their results were the principal theme. Mr. Miller
wrote " Footprints of the Creator " in reply to " Vestiges
of the Natural History of Creation," and he had just
completed his " Testimony of the Rocks " when his death
ensued, as the result of over-work.

ADDINGTON COUNTY

ADDINGTON COUNTY (1792)

As London to Paddington,
So Pitt is to Addington. — George Canning,
True, master Pope ; but had you lived till now.
You'd star'd to see the Howard humbly bow
To beg St. George's Cross from Blister's son.
The Honi Soit from " Doctor " Addington.
— Spirit of the Public Journals, 1804.
This county was named from Henry Addington,
Viscount Sidmouth, born 1755, died 1844, who entered
Parliament in 1782, and was Speaker of the House of
Commons from 1789 to 1801, and afterwards Chancellor
of the Exchequer and Premier of England. Macaulay
says that Addington was universally admitted to have
been the best Speaker that had sate in that chair since
the retirement of Onslow. But nature had not bestowed
on him very vigorous faculties. He was a favorite with
the King, whom he resembled in narrowness of mind, and
to whom he was more obsequious than Pitt had ever been.
But Addington took his elevation (to the Premiership)
quite seriously, attributed it to his own merit, and con
sidered himself as one of the great triumvirate of English
statesmen, as worthy to make a third with Pitt and Fox.
The Prince of Wales, afterward King George IV., had a
personal dislike to Addington. After Pitt's death in 1806,
Lord Sidmouth (Addington) formed a coalition with Fox
and Grenville. In 1812, he was Secretary for the Home
Department in Lord Liverpool's Ministry, and he did not

132 NOTHING BUT NAMES
retire from public life until 1S22, when Sir Robert Peel
succeeded him. Lord Sidmouth outlived all the great
men who were his contemporaries in the days of his
greatest activity, and died at the age of eighty-nine years.

AMHERST ISL.AND TOWNSHIP (1792

When future sires their progeny shall tell.
How Johnson conquered and how Braddock fell ;
How valiant Wolfe, by generous motives fired,
In the same moment conquered and e.xpired ;
Amherst shall swell the list — to him belong
Th' undying verse and tributary song.
— Gentleman's .Magasine, 7760.
Amherst Isl.\ND got its name from Jeffery, Lord
Amherst, born 1717, who commanded the British troops
at Louisburg in 175S, and captured Montreal from the
French in 1760. He was appointed Commander in Chief
of the British forces in America, was Governor of \'irginia
in 1763, and Governor of Guernse}- in 1770. Haldimand
wrote to liord Amherst from Quebec in 17S0. In 1793 he
was Commander of the British army, but was superseded
by the Duke of York in 1795. He was then made a Field
Marshal and died at Montreal in 1797. He was succeeded
by his nephew, William Pitt Amherst, who was Ambassa
dor to China and Governor-General of India.

ADDINGTON COUNTY 133
ERNESTOWN TOWNSHIP (1784)

" And whom would we have for King if the young Princess were to
die?"
" The devil in Ernest." — Punch,
This township was named in honor of Prince Ernest
Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (see Cumberland town
ship), and King of Hanover, fifth son of King George III.,
born 1771, died 185 1. He succeeded to the throne of
Hanover in 1837, and his son George, born in 18 19, was
the last King of Hanover. Prince Ernest was educated
in Germany, and entered the army in 1790. He saw
plenty of active service during the next ten years, and
at Tournay, in 1794, he lost his left eye and was severely
wounded in the arm. In 1801 he was made Colonel of
the 15th Hussars. About the same time he began to take
an active part in politics, being a bitter opponent of Catholic
Emancipation. In 1807 he went abroad and joined the
Prussian army in the struggle against Napoleon. He
married in 181 5, and went abroad in 181 8, residing in
Berlin most of the time until 1828, when he went back
to England to oppose the Roman Catholic Relief Bill, and
in 1829 he made a speech in the Lords declaring that it
was impossible for him to continue to act with the Duke
of Wellington, after the measures which his Grace had
adopted on the Catholic question. Baron Stockmar's
description of the Duke of Cumberland was : " A tall,
powerful man, with a hideous face ; can't see two inches
before him ; one eye turned quite out of its place." Edgar
Sanderson, M.A., in his book on " The British Empire in

134 NO THING B UT NA MES
the Nineteenth Century," says that the Duke of Cumber
land "became thoroughly hated by the bulk of the nation.
His political principles were repugnant to the spirit of the
age. His private character did not command esteem.
His chief claim to a place in history, or notoriety, apart
from his odious tyranny as King of Hanover, is derived
from his connection with a somewhat dangerous conspiracy
against the claims and rights of the Princess Victoria. In
1828 he became Grand Master of all the Orange Lodges
on both sides of the Irish Channel. The Orangemen were
exasperated by the Act of 1829, admitting Catholics to
Parliament, and a conspiracy was formed for the exclusion
of the Princess Victoria from the throne, and for the
succession (to William IV.), in her stead, of the Duke of
Cumberland. It was the energy and intelligence of Mr.
Joseph Hume, the sturdy Scottish Radical, that were
chiefly instrumental in disclosing the conspiracy. The
Duke of Cumberland was censured in the House of
Commons by Lord John Russell. It was for this plot,
amongst other reasons, that the British public, in 1837,
were ver}' glad to see the departure of Ernest, Duke of
Cumberland, when he became King of Hanover."

CAMDEN (EAST) TOWNSHIP (1787)

And Camden was there, who, that morning, had gone
To fit his new Marquis's coronet on.

-Moore,

Camden takes its name from Charles Pratt, Earl
Camden, Viscount Bayham, born in Devonshire, in 1714,
died 1794. In 1752 Pratt maintained the right of juries
to decide upon the nature and intention of alleged libels,

ADDINGTON COUNTY 135
and it is mainly owing to his exertions that this doctrine
finally became recognized as the law of England. In
1757 he was made Attorney-General under Lord Chatham
and knighted. In 1762 he became Chief Justice of the
Common Pleas, but did not remain on the Bench. He
was raised to the peerage in 1765, opposed the taxation of
America, argued the libel question against Lord Mansfield,
and was for nine years President of the Council under the
younger Pitt. In 1792 he pressed Mr. Fox's declaratory
libel bill through the House of Lords, against the opposi
tion of Lord Thurlow. Macaulay says " Lord Camden's
integrity, ability and constitutional knowledge commanded
the public respect." His son, John Jefferies Pratt, born 1759,
entered the House of Commons in 1780 and in 1794, the
year of his father's death, became a Lord of the Treasury.
He was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland through a critical
period in the history of that country, and was afterwards
Secretary of State and President of the Council. In the
office of Teller of the Exchequer, he amassed great wealth.
He was created Marquis of Camden in 1812 and died in
1840. Camden Place, in Chislehurst parish, has its name
from the famous William Camden, who composed his
Annals of Elizabeth on this estate, of which the Marquis
of Camden is the present owner.

SHEFFIELD TOWNSHIP (1798)

Respect to Dryden, Sheffield justly paid.
And noble Villiers honor'd Cowley's shade. —Pope.
This township was called after John Baker Holroyd,
Lord Sheffield, an Irish peer, born 1734, died 1 821, after

136 NOTHING BUT NAMES
filling many Ministerial offices. It was Lord Sheffield,
who, in the debate on the Constitutional Act of 1791,
moved, while Burke was speaking, that dissertations on
the French Constitution, when the Canada Bill was before
the House, were not in order. Mr. Anstruther also called
Burke to order. Fox felt bound to support Sheffield's
motion, which Burke resented, and they were never again
friends. Lord Sheffield's motion was withdrawn. His
third wife was Lady Anne North, daughter of Frederick,
Lord North, George III.'s Minister during the Revolution
ary War, and afterwards Earl of Guilford. One of Lord
Sheffield's daughters married, in 1797, General Sir William
Henry Clinton. She lived till 1854.

KALADAR township (1820)

Kaladar has the appearance of an East Indian word,
and there have been many surmises as to its origin and
meaning. The word Killedar, meaning " A Governor of a
Fort," is given in " a glossary explaining such of the
Persic and Indian words as are most commonly used in
the East India settlements," which was published in the
Gentleman's Magazine in 1769. Captain Seely's "Wonders
of Elora" (1824) contains the following: "The house of
the Killahdar is said to be a handsome building, enclosed
by a large viranda. The fortress at present mounts but
few guns. Our system of military tactics and operations
has put these hill-forts out of fashion." Elliot's History
of India, Vol. IV., p. 393, gives Kalidah as the name of a
place. Kalandar was a name applied to a genus of

ADDINGTON COUNTY 137
beggars in India. Richard F. Burton in " Sind Revisited "
says : " He is a Kalandar, or Calendar, as those dear old
Frenchified Arabian Nights do so delightfully confuse the
word, and an excellent specimen of his class, the vagrant
saint, is he. (This Arabic word is properly applied only
to a Sufi, or Mystic, who works out his own salvation
without the guidance of a spiritual master). His long,
matted, filthy locks are crumpled up under a calotte of
greasy felt, formed like a western fool's cap ; his neck,
arms and legs are bare. I never beheld, even amongst
the most horrid-looking devotees of India, a face in which
the man, the baboon and the fiend so fearfully and
wonderfully blend. As for the ugly individual's manners,
you will soon see enough of them  We might
order our Afghan servants, who, in spite of the sanctity
of Kalandarhood, look eagerly for the job, to instruct
the fellow in the biensdances. But he would certainly
use his staff; the dagger might then appear, and
the consequence would be serious. . . . There are
points of difference in the comparison ; the Kalandar,
I fear, was Low Church, and probably never drank
cru.sty old port Among the Hindus he is a Rajah
Bhartari." Other words, bearing a resemblance to
Kaladar, are Kalidasa, called the Hindu Shakespeare, who
lived in the fifth century, and wrote dramas which charmed
such a critic as Goethe, and Kaladana, a species of
morning glory found in the warmer parts of the Old
Worid. If Kaladar is of Spanish origin, it means heat,
though C is generally used instead of K in that language-
Mr. R. Flynn, of Olden, is satisfied that Kaladar is the
name of some Irish person or estate, but he cannot give
details. He probably had in mind the county of Kildare.
Mr. J. J. B. Flint, of Belleville, says his father told him
that Kaladar was a corruption of "kill a deer"— deer

138 NOTHING BUT NAMES

having been ver}- plentiful in that vicinity in the early
days. That is, of course, a mere guess, which grew into a
tradition.

ANGLESEA TOWNSHIP (182;

Though Anglesea's steed, with a retrograde pace,
So delightfully curvets and prances,
Tis before the King's friends he retreats with such grace ;
His enemies dread his advances. — Epigram on George IV.'s Coronation.
.A.NGLESEA was named in honor of Henry William
Paget, Earl of Uxbridge and IMarquis of Anglesea, born
1768, died 1854. During the wars of the French Revolu
tion he raised a regiment of infantr}-, and served in
Flanders under Prince Frederick, Duke of York. In the
Peninsula he rendered great assistance to Sir John Moore,
and at ^^'aterloo, as second in command to the Duke of
\^'ellington, the Earl of Uxbridge commanded the allied
cavalry of the arm}'. It was at the close of the battle, and
when the enemy were in full retreat, that Lord Uxbridge
lost his leg. There was a story that when Lord Uxbridge's
leg was broken by a shot during the battle of Waterloo,
he was carried to the rear, and passed the Duke of
Wellington, to whom he said in the language of the
period : " Lost my leg, b}- G  1 " to which the Duke
replied : " Hav« you, b}- G  ! " and that these were
the only words which passed between the two heroes
during the battle. His services were recognized by the
conferring of the Marquisate and the orders of the Bath
and the Garter. He was appointed Master General of the

ADDINGTON COUNTY 139
Ordnance with a seat in the Cabinet, and on March i,
1828, he was sworn in as Lord Lieutenant and Governor-
General of Ireland. He was very popular with the Irish
people, whose good-will he conciliated by measures taken
in their interest, but the Duke of Wellington recalled him
for speaking in favor of Catholic Emancipation, a policy
which the Duke himself soon after supported. The
Marquis of Anglesea had three wives and thirteen
children. One of his daughters. Lady Caroline Paget,
married Charles Lennox, the fifth Duke of Richmond, a
son of the Duke who was Governor-General of Canada,
and a brother of Lady Sarah Maitland. Henry Paget, the
second Marquis of Anglesea, married in 1833 Henrietta
Maria, daughter of Sir Charles Bagot, Governor-General
of Canada. The Isle and County of Anglesea, in North Wales,
from which the title is taken, was called by the ancient
Britons Mon, signifying remote, which was Latinized by
the Romans into Mona, the " nurse of Wales," from its
fruitfulness, and changed by the Saxons into Angles-ey,
or the Englishmen's Island. It was the principal establish
ment of the Druids in Britain, until the island was invaded
by the Romans, A.D., 59, who ordered their groves to be
cut down. Before the erection of the suspension bridge,
the passage of the numerous droves of cattle through the
Strait of Menai to the mainland was a very extraordinary
sight ; they were made to swim over, guided by the drovers
in boats.

140 NOTHING BUT NAMES

ABINGER TOWNSHIP (1859)

And we turn'd to each other, whispering, all dismay'd.
Lost are the gallant three hundred of Scarlett's Brigade, — Tennyson.
This township was named in honor of Sir James
Scarlett, Baron Abinger, of Abinger, in Surrey, born 1769,
died 1844. He represented Cockermouth, Peterborough
and Norwich in Parliament, was Attorney-General in 1827
and Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer in 1834. His
second son, Sir James Yorke Scarlett, born 1799, had
command of the heavy cavalry in the Crimean War. On
October 25, 1854, his brigade made the famous charge at
Balaklava, routing more than double their number of
Russian Cavalr}' with great slaughter ; and on the same
day they brought out of action the light brigade which
had charged under Lord Cardigan with equal gallantry
but less success.

EFFINGHAM TOWNSHIP (1872)

With Howard of Effingham in command,
She feared not the Spaniard by sea nor by land.
Drake, Hawkins and Frobisher, nevertheless.
Were ready to fight, and to die, for Queen Bess. — Old Song.
The township is named after Henry Howard, Earl of
Effingham, born in 1806, died 1889, who married, in 1832,
Eliza, only daughter of Sir Gordon Drummond, who was

ADDINGTON COUNTY 141
Governor of Canada 1814-16. He was the son of Sir
Kenneth Alexander Howard, Earl of Effingham, who was
Earl Marshal at the coronation of George IV., and who
married Lady Charlotte Primrose, daughter of the third
Earl of Rosebery. The village of Effingham, from which
the Howards take their title, is in Surrey. The first Lord
Howard of Effingham was William, brother of Catharine
Howard, fifth wife of King Henry VIII. He was one of
the Merchants- Adventurers to Muscovy, and was made a
peer in 1553, and became Lord High Admiral under
Queens Mary and Elizabeth.

DENBIGH TOWNSHIP (1859)

Lord Aylesbury, and Denbigh's Lord also.
His Grace the Duke of Montague likewise,
With Lady Harcourt, joined the raree-show.
And fix'd all Smithfield's marv'ling eyes. —P. Pindar.
Denbigh was called after Denbighshire in Wales,
which abounds in mines of lead, iron and coal ; also slate,
lime and freestone rocks. The town of Denbigh was
bestowed by Edward I. on Hugh Lacy, Earl of Lincoln,
who built the castle and sheltered the town with a wall.
Queen Elizabeth in 1563 gave it to her favorite Dudley,
Earl of Leicester. Richard Middleton was Governor of
Denbigh castle in the reigns of Edward VI., Mary and
Elizabeth. His sixth son, Hugh Middleton, removed to
London, worked the lead and silver mines in Cardigan
shire, made a large fortune and spent it in supplying

142 NOTHING BUT NAMES
London with water from the New River. He also under
took to reclaim from the sea 2,000 acres on the Isle of
Wight.

ASHBY TOWNSHIP (1857)

In Ashby churchyard many a Hastings lies ;
There let them rest until the dead arise. — Ed-ward Freeman,
ASHBY takes its name from Ashby de la Zouche, a
market town of Leicestershire, England, which has a
ruined castle in which Mary Queen of Scots was once
confined, and a church which was the burying place of the
Hastings family. There are no less than fifteen villages
in England bearing the name of Ashby. Ashby de la
Zouche took its name from the ancient family of the
Zouches, who acquired possession of the manor in the
reign of Henry IJI. The crown afterwards granted it to
the Hastings family. A free grammar school was founded
in the town of Ashby by Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, in
1567. The mansion at Ashby was for 200 years the
residence of the descendants of Sir William Hastings, a
particular favorite of Edward IV.

LENNOX COUNTY 143

LENNOX COUNTY (1792)

And Lennox, with a gallant band.
Waits but thy coming and command.
To waft them o'er to Carrick strand. —Lord of the Isles.
This county was named after Charles Lennox, third
Duke of Richmond, born 1734, died 1806. At the
coronation of King George III. he carried the sceptre with
the dove. In 1765 he was ambassador extraordinary to
the court of France ; in 1766 Secretary of State ; in 1782
Master General of the Ordnance. In 1778 he introduced
a motion in the House of Lords to recognize the inde
pendence of the United States. Lord Chatham rose to
speak against the motion, but fell back in a swoon and
died four days later. In 1780 the Duke brought forward
a bill in the Lords for establishing annual Parliaments,
universal suffrage, and equal electoral districts, but the
sweeping measure was rejected without a division. One
of his sisters was Lady Caroline Lennox, who married
Henry Fox, without her parents' consent, and was the
mother of Right Hon. Charles James Fox. Another
sister was the beautiful Lady Sarah Lennox whom George
III. wanted to marry, and who became the mother of the
Napiers, distinguished in the Peninsular War. The Duke
established the Goodwood Races in 1802. He married a
daughter of the Earl of Aylesbur}', but left no son and was
succeeded by his nephew, the Duke of Richmond who was
Governor-General of Canada. Lord George Lennox, M.P
for Sussex, voted for the Canada Bill.

144 NOTHING BUT NAMES

RICHMOND TOWNSHIP (1786)

I do remember me, — Henry the Sixth
Did prophesy, that Richmond should be King,
When Richmond was a little, peevish boy.
— King Richard III.
Richmond and Leeds, each Duke a first-rate star,
One fam'd for politics, and one for war ;
The open Hawkesbury, stranger to all guile.
Who never of a sixpence robbed our Isle. —P. Pindar.
The name of this township has the same origin as that
of Lennox county. The town of Richmond, from which
the family of Lennox takes its title of Duke, is located on
the river Swale, in Yorkshire, which river was regarded
with peculiar veneration by the Anglo-Saxons, from the
circumstance of 10,000 persons having been baptized in it
when the missionary Paulinus converted the Northum
brians to Christianity in the seventh century, The castle
was repaired in 1761 by the Duke of Richmond, and north
of the town are the ruins of a convent of Grey Friars.

LENNOX COUNTY 145

FREDERICKSBURG TOWNSHIP, NORTH AND
SOUTH (1784)

All our daughters like Louisa,
All our sons like Frederick be !
Hear me in the grave, Louisa !
Ever flourish Germany !

—Heinrich Heine.

Over the mountains winding down.
Horse and foot, into Frederick town. — Whittier.
This township was named after Prince Frederick,
second son of King George III., Duke of York and
Albany, born 1763, died 1827. (See York township).
Frederick was hereditary Bishop of Osnabruck, in
Germany, but he was educated for a military career,
receiving his first commission in 1780, when he went
abroad under the charge of General Richard Grenville
for a period of seven years. He took his seat in the House
of Lords in 1787, and spoke in the debate on the regency
question. In May, 1789, he fought a duel with Colonel
Lennox, afterwards fourth Duke of Richmond, on which
occasion the seconds. Lords Moira and Winchelsea,
reported that " Lieutenant-Colonel Lennox fired, and
the ball grazed His Royal Highness' curl, and both
parties behaved with the most perfect coolness and
intrepidity." Another report of the duel says that the
Duke of York did not fire his pistol, but remarked
that he had come out merely to give Colonel Lennox
satisfaction, and if Colonel Lennox did not feel satisfied he
might fire again. In 1791 Prince Frederick was married
to Frederica Charlotte, Princess Royal of Prussia, eldest

146 NOTHING BUT NAMES
daughter of King Frederick Wilham II. War being
declared in 1793, the Duke of York set out for Holland at
the head of a brigade of guards, and was soon engaged in
actual warfare, at Dunkirk and elsewhere. In 1795 he was
made a Field Marshal and Commander-in-Chief of the
British army. In 1799 he headed another expedition in
Hollan'd, and in 1801 he laid the first stone of the Military
Asylum at Chelsea. As the years passed, Frederick
became tired of his Prussian wife, and a friendly biographer
says that "the allurements of the least virtuous of the
female sex, the excitement of the turf the hazard of the
die and the pleasures of the table became elements of his
gratification." His conduct was publicly investigated by
the House of Commons, and, the feeling in the country
being strong against him, he temporarily resigned his
position in the army in 1809. The Prince of Wales, on
his accession to the Regency in 18 11, replaced Frederick.
Queen Charlotte dying in 18 18, the Duke of York was
appointed guardian of the person of his afflicted father.
The turf was still his highest gratification, though he took
some share in the debates against Catholic Emancipation.
According to one account the Duke of York was tall and
handsome in person, and dignified, yet affable in manner.
Stockmar's description is : " The Duke of York — Tall,
with immense embonpoint and not proportionately strong
legs ; he holds himself in such a way that one is always
afraid he will tumble over backwards ; very bald ; one can
see that eating, drinking and sensual pleasures are every
thing to him. Spoke a good deal of French, with a bad
accent."

LENNOX COUNTY 147

ADOLPHUSTOWN TOWNSHIP (1784)

Oh, do not upbraid me, the boon that I crave
Is not more than Adolphus, ma'am, yields ;
Believe me, a shilling's a very close shave
From Pall Mall to Lincoln's-inn-Fields. — A Cabman s Canzonet.
This township was named after Prince Adolphus
Frederick, Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Tipperary and
Baron of Culloden, seventh son of King George III., born
1774, died 1850. (See Cambridge township). Stockmar
says of him : '' Cambridge — Quiet, unpretending face,
retiring disposition, more moderation and self-restraint
than his brothers ; he encouraged music and took part in
charities and public dinners. No scandals attached to his
name. He was good, dignified and fluent." Prince
Adolphus served as viceroy of Hanover for some time and
married Princess Augusta, daughter of Frederick, Land
grave of Hesse Cassel. His son, Prince George, Duke of
Cambridge, born in 18 19, became Commander-in-Chief
of the armies of the United Kingdom. His daughter.
Princess Mary Adelaide, married the Duke of Teck, and
her daughter, being the wife of the Duke of York, will in
all probability be Queen at some future day.

148 NOTHING BUT NAMES

PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY (1792)

Some potentate — or royal or serene —
With Kent's gay grace, or sapient Gloster's mien. —The Waltz.
Then added, in a tone of fervent prayer :
" Bless we Prince Edward's name for evermore." — W. Kirby.
Prince Edward county was called by the French
Presqu' isle de Quinte. Its present name was given in
honor of Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and
Strathearn, fourth son of King George III. and father of
Her Majesty Queen Victoria, born 1767, died 1820. At
the age of 17 he was sent to Germany to be educated for
a military career, and his biographer says it required the
experience of years to relax the strict ideas of martial
observance acquired in that country. On reaching his
23rd year he was recalled to England, where he held the
rank of Colonel of the 70th Foot, ^nd ten days later he
was ordered to Gibraltar. He joined his regiment at
Gibraltar and in 1791 sailed with it for Quebec, whence he
went to the West Indies and led the storming party in
the attack on Fort Royal, Martinique. Returning to
North America, he was appointed Governor of Nova
Scotia, and when on a visit to England he was appointed
Commander in Chief of all the forces in British America.
The people of Halifax showed their attachment for Prince
Edward by voting 500 guineas to buy him a diamond
star. The Canadian Archives contain letters which show

PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY 149
how carefully the Duke of Kent looked after business,
and what a deep interest he felt in the prosperity of
British North America. The name of St. John's Island
was changed to Prince Edward Island in compliment to
him. While stationed at Quebec, desiring to see Upper
Canada, the Prince drove to Montreal in a caleche, drawn
by a French pony, thence he took a batteau or row boat,
to Kingston, and schooner to Niagara. He saw the Falls
and a Mohawk Indian dance. On his return he called at
Marysburg, in Prince Edward county, and it was in
consequence of that brief visit that the county received its
present name. In 1803 the Duke of Kent was made
Governor of Gibraltar, where he made himself unpopular
by enforcing strict discipline and closing most of the wine
shops, though he abolished corporal punishment in his
regiment He was deeply in debt and Parliament was
very tardy in coming to his relief In 1818, he married
Princess Victoria Maria Louisa, daughter of the Duke of
Saxe-Coburg, and widow of the Prince of Leiningen.
Their first child died, but the second, Princess Alexandrina
Victoria, lived to wear the Crown of Great Britain for
more than si.xty years. The Duke of Kent died in 1820,
in his fifty-third year, having neglected to change his
boots when he had got his feet wet. He is described as a
handsome man, possessing a charming manner, and to
petitioners for assistance he was uniformly kind and
gracious. Even Stockmar could say nothing worse of him
than this : " Duke of Kent — A large, powerful man ; like
the King, and as bald as anyone can be ; the quietest of
all the Dukes I have seen ; talks slowly and deliberately ;
is kind and courteous." John Lambert (1810) wrote:
" The Duke of Kent is at the head of the Canadian
(Masonic) lodges, and is indeed looked up to as the patron
of all the Canadian youth. His Royal Highness during

I50 NOTHING BUT NAMES
his residence in Canada paid great attention to the inhabi
tants, particularly the French ; his politeness and affability
gained him the esteem of the people, many of whom, I
believe, really look upon him as their tutelar saint and
patron ; at least such is the style in which I have heard
him spoken of"

MARYSBURG TOWNSHIP (1786)

I'm musing on the style, Mary,
Of the frock you wore last night ;
I thought no modiste's guile, Mary,
Could make you such a fright.
I dare not speak my mind, Mary,
On your corsage or your skirt.
The truth is oft unkind, Mary,
And your feelings might be hurt.
— Moonshine.
This township was named in honor of Princess Mary,
daughter of King George III., born 1776, died 1857. She
was married in 18 16 to her cousin William Frederick,
Duke of Gloucester, (see Gloucester township), and the
last twenty-three years of her life were spent as a childless
widow. Her oldest sister, the Princess Royal, wrote : " I
always thought Mary mild, good and amiable, but I was
less intimate with her than with my other sisters." A
portion of Marysburg township is supposed to have been
included in the seigniory granted to La Salle during the
French regime.

PRINCE EDW.IRD COUNTY 151

SOPHLXSBURG TOWNSHIP (1788)

I leave Sophia ; it would please me well.
Before we part, on so much worth to dwell.

— Crahbe.

Sophia will have it (Sophia has sense)
The culprit h;is only increased his offence. — Sir Gt'or^r Rose.
This township was called after Princess Sophia,
daughter of King George III., born 1777, died, unmarried,
in 1S4S. The Princess Royal wrote: "It grieves me to
hear that poor, dear Sophia is so seriously ill, and I fear
she will not long survive our beloved mother. We must
ever look on her as a hot-house plant." She lived out her
full three score and ten }-ears, notwithstanding her delicate
health in her youth.

AMELIASBURG TOWNSHIP (1787

Fools ! was not Hesse as poor as a church mouse.
Till good .\melia sent her thousands o'er ?
.\t once lank poverty forsook the house,
And stead of straw, a carpet g-raced the floor. — Peter Pindar.
Life's taper losing fast its feeble fire.
The fair .\niolia thus bespoke lier sire :
" Not long the light these languid eyes will see.
Receive the token and remember me." —John Wolcot.
This township was called after Princess .Amelia, the
youngest child of King George III., born 1783, died 1810.

152

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Of her the Princess Royal wrote : " Poor, dear Amelia
has had a long and dreadful illness. She is a sweet,
amiable, pious, good little soul, patient beyond all
description. I never saw so good a disposition, so
thoughtful and considerate to those about her, and careful
to disguise her suffering for fear of vexing others." To
which may be added : " Amelia I Everyone who has read
Thackeray remembers her — the pretty little maiden
prattling and smiling in the arms of the fond old king,
her father — and then her death in the bloom of woman
hood, and the shock to the father's reason."

HILLIER TOWNSHIP (1823)
This township is named after Major George Hillier, of
the 74th Regiment, Aide-de-Camp and Secretary to Sir
Peregrine Maitland. Dent says that Major Hillier was
employed by the Lieutenant-Governor in many little
transactions requiring the exercise of coolness and tact.
He hints that Hillier used to use methods commonly
associated with the name of Walpole to induce recalcitrant
members of the Legislative Council to vote contrary to
their convictions. Mr. John Gait, in his Autobiography,
says : " Enter Major Hillier, a neat little gentleman, in
full military uniform, with sword, sash and epaulettes, who
makes two awfully profound obeisances at the bar ; is half
inclined to make two more as he passes the stove pipe ;
and when he gets before the Speaker's chair, Lord Atter-
bury's reply to the Earl of Rochester, ' Yours to the
centre, my Lord,' is well imitated by two bows, so very
low, so very long, and so very solemn, as almost to say,

PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY 153
'Yours to the antipodes, Mr. Speaker.'" Major Hillier
married Caroline H., daughter of Col. Givins, Agent of
the Indian Department

HALLOWELL -TOWNSHIP (1797)

With thoughts of death the warrior's pride to soften,
Ben. HalloweU to Nelson gave a coffin. — George Hamilton.
This township took its name from Benjamin Hallo-
well, of Boston, who was a large proprietor of lands on
the Kennebec river, in Maine, prior to the Revolution,
but being proscribed and banished in 1778, and included
in the Conspiracy Act a year later, his entire estate was
confiscated, his country residence was used as a hospital
during the siege of Boston, and his pleasure grounds were
converted into a place of burial for the soldiers who died.
Sabine says that the British Government granted Mr.
HalloweU lands in Manchester and two other towns in
Nova Scotia, and " a township in Upper Canada which
bears his name." That is probably incorrect, as HalloweU
township had inhabitants when it was cut off from
Marysburg and Sophiasburg in 1797. He may have got
some land there, but certainly not the whole township.
Mr. H.tlloweirs son-in-law, Mr. Elmsley, had recently
been appointed Chief Justice of Upper Canada in 1797,
and that was the reason his name was applied to the
newly formed township. Mr. HalloweU died March 28,
1799, in his 75th year, and was buried in the Garrison
Burying ground, Toronto. His son was Admiral Sir
Benjamin HalloweU, K.C.B., who presented Lord Nelson

154 NOTHING BUT NAMES
with a coffin. There is a city named HalloweU on the
Kennebec river, in Maine, the settlement of which dates
back to 1754.

ATHOL TOWNSHIP (1835)

Cam' ye by Athol, lad wr' the philabeg? —James Hogg.
" To talk now of starving " — as great Athol said —
(And the nobles all cheer'd, and the bishops all wonder'd)
" When, some years ago, he and others had fed
Of these same hungry devils about fifteen hundred." — Moore.
Athol got its name from John Murray, fourth Duke
of Athol, who married a daughter of Lord Cathcart, or
his son, Major General Lord James Murray, who married
Lady Emily Percy, daughter of the Duke of Northumber
land. The Duke of Athol was Grand Master of the
Masons in England, and gave a charter to Mr. Jarvis,-
Provincial Secretary of Upper- Canada. He also
appointed Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, Grand Master
for Nova Scotia, a circumstance which may have had to
do with the naming of Athol township in Prince Edward
County. He spent ;^200,ooo on the erection of a
new family mansion on the estate in Perthshire, but his
death in 1830 prevented its completion. The number of
larch trees planted by the Duke was twenty-seven
millions, besides several millions of other sorts of trees.
One of his plantations covered 11,000 acres. The Athol
district in Perthshire is forty-five miles long by thirty
broad, and between two of its hills is the pass of
Killiecrankie, where Grahame of Claverhouse gained a
victory and met his death in 1689.

HASTINGS COUNTY 155

HASTINGS COUNTY (1792)

'Tis the Lord Hastings, the King's chiefest friend.
— King Henry I' I.
This county was called after Francis Rawdon
Hastings, son of Sir John Rawdon, Earl of Moira, and
his third wife, Elizabeth Hastings, eldest daughter of
Theophilus, ninth Earl of Huntingdon, born 1754, died
1826. At the age of sixteen Francis entered the army, and
in June, 1775, he "stamped his fame for life" at the Battle
of Bunker's Hill. He was made aide-de-camp to the
Commander-in-Chief, Sir Henry Clinton, and in 1778 was
nominated Adjutant-General, with the rank of Lieutenant-
Colonel. After the battle of Camden in which he
commanded one wing of the army. Lord Rawdon was
appointed to a distinct command in South Carolina, and
in 178 1 he defeated Greene at Hobkirk's Hill. Returning
to England he was captured by a French cruiser. On his
release he was created Baron Rawdon by King George
III. He succeeded to the Earldom of Moira in 1793, and
in the following year he was sent in command of 10,000
men to relieve the Duke of York, in Flanders. In 1804,
the Earl of Moira married Flora Muir Campbell, Countess
of Loudoun, the Prince of Wales giving away the bride.
In 1812, on the death of Mr. Perceval, Lord Moira
undertook to form a Government, but could not agree
with some of his colleagues on questions relating to
appointments. He was appointed Governor of Bengal,
and was soon successful in terminating the Nepaul War

156 NOTHING BUT NAMES
for which he received the thanks of Parliament. In 1822
he returned to England and was appointed Governor of
Malta. He died at Naples in 1826, having had previously
conferred upon hirri the titles of Viscount Loudoun, Earl
of Rawdon and Marquis of Hastings. On his retirement
from the Government of India, the East India Company
presented the Marquis of Hastings with iJ6o,ooo,
but he died so poor that the Company, in grateful recog
nition of his services, after his death presented his heir
with ;£^40,ooo more. Green says, " Lord Hastings
deserves credit for paving the way for the abolition of
the suttee.'-' The tragic stor}- of his daughter, Lady
Flora Hastings, who died of a broken heart in 1839, °"
account of the unjust accusations of members of the
Royal household, is one of the most painful episodes of
Her Majesty's reign. Lord Rawdon was, as elsewhere
mentioned, the Duke of York's second in the duel with
Colonel Lennox, afterward the Duke of Richmond.
"The old Indian names along the Quinte shores were
nearly all trampled under foot in the shameless tuft-
hunting of our early Governors ; one instance will suffice.
At Belleville, the ancient River Sagonaska was re-named
to flatter the Earl of Moira ; and even his baronies were
detailed in the County of ' Hastings,' and the townships
of ' Rawdon ' and ' Hungerford.' " — Picturesque Canada,
p. 651. The Hastings family got its name from the town of
Hastings, in Sussex, which was called after a Danish
sea-captain who infested the coasts of England in the
reign of Alfred the Great, and who built a fort there to
protect his- troops in winter. William the Conqueror
gained his memorable battle over Harold II. at Hastings,
which put an end to the Saxon dynasty of Kings of
England.

HASTINGS COUNTY 157

SIDNEY TOWNSHIP (1787)

Not bolder truths of sacred Freedom hung
From Sidney's pen or burn'd on Fox's tongue.

— Moore.

Sidney was named in honor of Thomas Townshend,
Viscount Sydney, born 1732, died 1800, Secretary of
State. Haldimand addressed reports from Canada to
Lord Sydney in 1784. His son, John Thomas Towns
hend, second Viscount Sydney, born 1764, died 1831,
was Under Secretary of State 1789, Lord of the
Admiralty 1790-93, and Lord of the Treasury 1793-1800.
(See Townsend township). In 1798, speaking on Lord
Minto's motion to fine and imprison Lambert and Perry,
Lord Sydney characterized the Morning Chronicle as a
scandalous paper, which he would not admit into his
house.

THURLOW TOWNSHIP (1787)

When Thurlow this  nonsense sent,
(I hope I am not violent).
Nor men nor gods knew what he meant.

— Byron.

When Brudenell talks of elegance and ease ;
When Thurlow turns the first of devotees. — P. Pindar,
This township was named after Edward, Baron
Thurlow, of Ashfield and Thuriow, Suffolk, son of Rev.

158 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Thomas Thurlow, rector of Ashfield (see Ashfield town
ship), born at Little Ashfield in 1732, died at Brighton
in 1806. He entered Parliament in 1768 as a supporter
of Lord North, was Solicitor-General in 1770, Attorney-
General in 1771 and Lord Chancellor in 1778. when he
was raised to the peerage. Possessing the unbounded
confidence of the King, he was retained in office, when
Rockingham and Shelburne, his political opponents, were
at the head of the Government, and he lost no opportunity
to defeat their leading measures. In 1783, he took the
great seal under Pitt, and kept it for nine years, but when
he began to tamper with the Prince of Wales and the
Whigs, Pitt distrusted him and got him dismissed. He
was a man of overbearing and passionate character, a
bully rather than a debater in Parliament, though
occasionally an impressive and eloquent speaker.

TYENDINAGA TOWNSHIP (1800)

No Mohawk I, in scenes of horror bred,
I scorn to scalp the dying or the dead.

-P. Pindar.

This township is called after Thayendanegea, the
Indian name of the Mohawk Chief Brant (see Brant
county). At the close of the war, the Indians who had
fought on the British side were granted 92,700 acres of
land on the Bay Quinte, but a portion of it was afterward
surrendered. There is still an Indian reserve in Tyen-
dinaga township. Ty-en-de-na-ga means " tied together,"^
like a bundle of sticks. On Smith's map the word
" Mohawks " is printed, instead of Tyendinaga.

HASTINGS COUNTY 159
RAWDON TOWNSHIP (1798)

I Wyllyam, King, the thurd yere of my reigne.
Give to thee Paulyn Roydon, Hope and Hopetowne
Wyth al the landes up and downe,
From heven to verth, from yerth to hel.
— Extract from deed of land.
Whilst Rawdon by his side, with martial face,
Commandeth him to swallow with a grace ;
Would make an interesting scene, indeed.
And show the courage of King Charles' breed. — P. Pindar.
Rawbon was named in honor of Francis Rawdon
Hastings, first Viscount Loudoun. (See Hastings county).
One of Moore's poems is addressed to the Lady Chariotte
Rawdon.

HUNTINGTON TOWNSHIP (1798)

Go, uncle Exeter, —
Warwick, — and Huntington, — go with the King.
— King Henry V.
Might speak, his sport at evening done.
The Roving Earl of Huntingdon. — The Avenel, 1821.
This township was called Huntington from Elizabeth
Hastings, the mother of Francis Rawdon, first Viscount
Loudoun, who was a daughter of the Earl of Huntington.
The title is taken from a small inland county of England.
William the Conqueror in 1068 gave the Earldom of

i6o NOTHING BUT NAMES
Huntingdon to Waltheof, a noble Saxon, on whom he also
bestowed the hand of his niece Judith ; but that lady
betrayed her husband who was executed for a treasonable
conspiracy against the Government David, Prince of
Scotland, having married the heiress of Waltheof, was
made Earl of Huntingdon in 1108, and the honor
continued in his family till 12 19. The market town of
Huntingdon was the birthplace of Oliver Cromwell, April
25, 1 599- Huntingdon county in Quebec, with the same
origin, is still generally spelled with a "d," for which a " t "
has been substituted in the name of the Ontario township.

HUNGERFORD TOWNSHIP (1798)

For this one speech Lord Hastings well deserves
To have the heir of the Lord Hungerford. — King Henry VI.
This township was called Hungerford, from a title of
the Hastings family, conferred in 1436. Baron Hastings,
of Ashby de la Zouche, was murdered in the Tower by
order of Richard, Duke of Gloucester. His son Edward
Hastings was summoned to Parliament in 1482 as Baron
Hungerford, his wife being a daughter of Sir Thomas
Hungerford, and their son George was created Earl of
Huntington. The town of Hungerford in Berkshire, on
the banks of the river Kennet, has a curious relic in its
town hall, denominated the Hungerford horn, which was
given as a charter to the town by John of Gaunt. Hunger
ford Park was formerly the residence of the Barons of
Hungerford, who took their name and title from the town;
a neat mansion in the Italian style occupies the site of the

HASTINGS COUNTY i6i
old house, which was built by Queen Elizabeth and given
to the Earl of Essex. The hospital at Corsham, in
Wiltshire, was founded by Lady Margaret Hungerford in
1668. An ancient mansion at Ampney Down, Gloucester
shire, built by the family of the Hungerfords in the time
of Henry VIII., belongs, with the manor, to the Cornwall
family of Eliot. John Peach Hungerford, M. P. for
Leicester, voted for the Canada Bill.

MARMORA TOWNSHIP (1820) '

The name of Marmora comes from the Latin word for
marble, which abounds in the township.

MADOC TOWNSHIP (1820)

Great Cian's son ; of Madoc old
He ask'd no heaps of hoarded gold. — Thomas Gray.

Now, last and greatest, Madoc spreads his sails,
Cacique in Mexico, and prince in Wales.

-Byron.

The name is from Madoc, a Welsh prince, who,
according to the Cambrian chroniclers, sailing westward
in 1 1 70 with a small fleet, discovered America. He
returned to Wales, having left twenty of his crew in the
new country, and fitting out another fleet of ten sail he
started on a second voyage from which he never returned.
Travellers claimed to have found traces of Welsh settle
ment in Mexico, but Humboldt denied their authenticity.

i62 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Madoc is the subject of one of Southey's poems, founded
on the Legend of St. Brendan. The harbor of Port
Madoc, at Tre-Madoc in Carnarvonshire, is well sheltered.
Near it is an embankment erected by Mr. Maddocks, at a
cost of ;£' 1 00,000.

ELZEVIR TOWNSHIP (1820)

Grown rarer with the fleeting years,
.\ldines, Bodonis, Elzevirs.

— Andre n' Lang.

I go back to my post, and collect (I must own
'Tis a taste I had never before, my dear John)
Antiques and small Elzevirs.
— Lucile, by '^Chvcn .Meredith," ( Lord Lytton ).
Elzevir was so called from the name of a Dutch
family who for 130 }-ears were engaged in the business of
book-selling and printing, and whose name is identified
with accurate and beautiful typography. The first was
Lodewijk Elzevir, who started business at Leyden in 1580,
and who before 1617 had published 150 works. His five
sons all followed the same trade. The Greek New
Testament is among their masterpieces. At least 1,600
works were published by the Elzevirs. Pieter, a book
seller at Utrecht, and Abraham the second, who did
University printing at Leyden down to 1712, were the
last of the family in the trade. In 1820 a descendant was
Governor at Curacoa. " Elzevirs " are with difficulty
distinguished, the name having been stolen by other
printers, and the Elzevirs having issued many anonymous
works to escape political or religious censure. The
meaning of the word Elzevir is elm or firewood. Scad-
• ding says that in 1805 John Bennett published at Toronto

HASTINGS COUNTY 163
" The Upper Canada Almanac," printed in fine Elzevir
type ; it was an exact copy of the almanacs of the day
published in London.

LAKE TOWNSHIP (1822)

Write but like Wordsworth, live beside a Lake,
And keep your bushy locks a year from Blake.
— Hints from Horace.
The township of Lake is called after Viscount Gerard
Lake, born 1744, died 1808, who was commander-in-chief
in Ireland during the insurrection of 1798, conducted the
Mahratta war in India and took Delhi in 1803, and
brought the Mogul Emperor into vassalage to Great
Britain. In his reference to the rebellion in Ireland,
Green says : " Few in fact had joined the insurgents in
Wexford when Lord Lake appeared before their camp
upon Vinegar Hill with a strong force of English troops
on the 2 1st of May. The camp was stormed and with
the dispersion of its defenders the revolt came suddenly
to an end." Viscount Lake's eldest son, Francis Gerard,
who was a general in the army, died in 1836. His second
son, George, was killed at Vimiera, Portugal, in 1808.
His third son, Warwick, third Viscount, died in 1848,
leaving two daughters. Sir John Harvey married a
daughter of the first Viscount Lake. (See Harvey town
ship).

1 64 NOTHING BUT NAMES

TUDOR TOWNSHIP (1822)

In the reign of bluff King Harry swells but seldom died in bed.
For the bloated Tudor's weakness was a loving subject's head.
— H. K. Cockin.
Tudor is the name of a dynasty of English sovereigns,
founded by Henry VIL, who was born at Pembroke
Castle in South Wales in 1456 and died at Richmond in
1509. The claim of the Tudors to the Crown originated
with the marriage of Owen ap Tudor, a Welsh gentleman,
to Catharine of France, widow of King Henry V. Queen
Elizabeth was the last of the Tudor sovereigns, but the
present royal family is descended from the Tudors through
Margaret, daughter of Henry VIL, who married James
IV. (Stuart) of Scotland, and was great-grandmother of
King James I. of England.

GRIMSTHORPE TOWNSHIP (1822)

The name of this township is taken from Grimsthorpe
Castle, on the river Glean, in Lincolnshire, a seat of the
Duke of Ancaster. It was originally built by Charles
Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, to entertain King Henry VIIL,
whose sister Mary, Queen Dowager of France, became
Brandon's wife. Grimsthorpe Park is one of the most
beautiful in the country. The Dukedom of Ancaster was
extinct for many years, owing to a failure of issue in
the Bertie family, but it has been revived during the last

HASTINGS COUNTY 165
decade. Normanton Park, near Stamford, is another of
the family seats. Sir Peregrine Maitland, who named this
township, was related to Sir Peregrine Bertie, owner of
Grimsthorpe Castle.

WOLLASTON TOWNSHIP (1857)

None, but the Prince of Darkness, and his crew,
Newton and Galileo who include,
Priestley, and WoUaston, and Davy too,
Who will be joined by all the wicked brood
Of your philosophers, that men delude.
— The Uliramontajie Crab.
This township is named after Dr. William Hyde
Wollaston, the celebrated chemist, born in London, 1766,
died 1828. He was president and secretary of the Royal
Society, and extended Dalton's " atomic theory." As an
exact analyst, Wollaston was deservedly celebrated.
Some of his inventions have been of great advantage to
science. His discoveries in regard to the malleability of
platinum, and his manufacture of platinum vessels for the
distillation of acids, brought him more than ;^30,ooo,
and he used his means generously to encourage Dalton
and other experimenters who had the misfortune to be
poor. There are a couple of villages in England named
Wollaston, one of which is noteworthy. In Wollaston
Chapel, Alberbury, on the border between Montgomery
county, Wales, and Shropshire, England, is a brass plate
with this inscription: "The old, old, very old man,
Thomas Parr, was born at the Glyn, in the township of
Wennington, within the chapelry of Great Wollaston and

i66 NOTHING BUT NAMES
parish of Alberbury, in the county of Salop, in 1483. He
lived in the reigns of ten Kings and Queens of England
(Edward IV. to Charies I.) ; he died in London,
November 13, 1635, and was buried in Westminster
Abbey, aged 152 years and nine months. At the age
of 105 he did penance in the church of Alberbury, for
criminal connection with Catherine Milton, by whom he
had offspring."

LIMERICK TOWNSHIP (1857)

To the heroes of Limerick, the City of the Fights,
Be my best blessing borne on the wings of the air.
— James Clarence Mangan.
This township is named after the city and the county
of Limerick, in Ireland, the former noted for its ship
building, its commerce and its castle ; the latter for its
numerous military earthworks, ancient castles and ruins
of religious houses. The city is situated on the estuary
of the river Shannon. Limerick made a gallant defence
against the Parliamentary army under Ireton in 165 1,
and was the last place in Ireland to submit to William
III. in 1 69 1. The origin of the name Limerick is
somewhat obscure. The ancient form, Luimenach, occurs
in the annals long before the city was founded, and
appears to have been first applied to the estuary of the
Shannon. Mr. Maurice Lenihan in his elaborate work
entitled, " The History of Limerick " (which has long
been out of print), states on the authority of a very old
legend, preserved in the books of Leccan and Ballymote,
that the name originated in the following way : Two
gladiators were competing here in single combat for the

HASTINGS COUNTY 167
championship of Munster and Connaught The- hosts
on both sides were clad in grey-green luimins (cloaks).
When the combat commenced, and the assembled crowds
pressed round to see and enjoy it, the heat became so
great that they threw off their luimins in heaps on the
strand. Their attention was so intently engaged by the
combatants that they did not perceive the flowing of the
tide until it had swept the cloaks away, upon which
some of the spectators exclaimed, "Is Luimenochola in
t-inbhear anossa," i.e., " cloaky (or cloakful) is the river
now." Hence the name Luimenach. But though the
name Luimenach was originally applied to the Lower
Shannon, and continued to be so applied up to 843, A.D.,
it was evidently transferred shortly after to the fortress
erected by the Danes, who about the middle of the ninth
century made this spot one of their maritime stations,
surrounding it with walls and towers, enclosing the area
now known as the English town.

CASHEL TOWNSHIP (i860)

My bitter woe it is, lov^ that we are not far away,
In Cashel town, though the bare deal board were our marriage-bed
this day. — Samuel Ferguson.
This township takes its name from the city of Cashel
in the county of Tipperary, Ireland, (the ancient Carsiol,
the "habitation in the rock,"), famous for the rock of
Cashel outside the city, crowned with the finest collection
of ruins in Ireland, consisting of Cathedral, monastery
and castle, built about the twelfth century. Donald
O'Brien, King of Limerick, took the oath of allegiance
to Henry II. at Cashel in 11 72. Cashel was the ancient

1 68 NOTHING BUT NAMES
residence of the sovereigns of Munster, and is often
dignified by the title of " the City of Kings." Cashel
was Sir Robert Peel's first constituency. He was elected
there in 1809.

FARADAY TOWNSHIP (1857)

Not Taylor o'er his tests and trials,
Not Faraday above his phials
E'er hung with fonder care.

— Punch.

This township is named after Prof Michael Faraday,
born 1 79 1, died 1867, a chemist and natural philosopher,
who studied under Sir Humphrey Davy, and made many
important discoveries relating to metals, gases and
electricity. He produced a new variety of glass for
optical purposes, wrote a book of three volumes on
electricity and excelled as a popular lecturer. Prof
Faraday received many distinctions from learned societies
and institutions, and the Queen allotted him a residence
at Hampton Court in 1858, as well as a pension of
;^300 a year which was granted to him in 1835.

DUNGANNON TOWNSHIP (1857)

My sentence passed and my courage low
When to Dungannon I was forced to go. — Street Ballad.
Dungannon is the name of a town in the county of
Tyrone, Ireland, eleven miles from Armagh. It has a
royal school and hospital, and manufactures of linen and
earthenware. The Duke of Wellington's mother was a
daughter of Viscount Dungannon.

HASTINGS COUNTY 169
MAYO TOWNSHIP (1857)

Or who, with a grain of sense, would go
To sit and be bored by Lord Mayo ? — Moore.
" Northward lies the mountain-land of Mayo, a
district as large as Sutherland, over-populous on its
seaboard, yet wild and desolate within." — GRENVILLE
Cole. Mayo is the name, of a county in Ireland, of which
Castlebar is the capital. Right Hon. Richard Southwell
Bourke, sixth Earl of Mayo, born 1822, died 1872, entered
the House of Commons in 1847 and was Secretary of
State for Ireland in three Conservative Governments.
He was appointed Governor-General of India in 1868,
and was a most efficient administrator. When visiting
the Andaman Islands in 1872 he was fatally stabbed by a
fanatic convict and died almost immediately, leaving " a
name second to none of the illustrious men who filled
before him the high office of Governor-General of India."
Parliament voted a pension to Lady Mayo and a large
memorial fund was raised by voluntary contributions.

HERSCHEL TOWNSHIP (1857)

God bless us ! What to Herschel dare you say,
The astronomic genius of the day.
Who soon will find more wonders in the skies,
And with more Georgium Siduses surprise ?

—P. Pindar.

This township is named after Sir John Frederic
William Herschel, born 1790, died 1871; the only son of

I70 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Sir \\'illiam Herschel, the distinguished astronomer. He
followed closely in his father's footsteps, took observations
of the whole firmament of the southern hemisphere,
calculated the density of the atmosphere, and was
universally respected as an authorit}- on all the branches
of his favorite subject In 1850 he was appointed Master
of the Mint. The elder Herschel was born in Hanover
in 1738 and died in England in 1822, having married
in 1788 Mrs. INIary Pitt

MONTEAGLE TOWNSHIP (1857)

Tom Spring-Rice was veri' nice
Till he began to talk ;
Lord Monteagle is no eagle —
Just a common hawk.

— T. White.

This township is named in honor of Right Hon.
Thomas Spring-Rice, Lord Monteagle, born in Limerick,
1790, died 1866. He married a daughter of the Earl of
Limerick in 181 1, entered Parliament in 1820 as a \^ hig,
was Home Secretary in 1827, and afterwards Secretary of
the Treasury, Secretar}- for the Colonies and Chancellor
of the Exchequer. One of these offices he shared with
Mr. Edward Ellice (see Ellice township). Lord Monteagle
was a man of small stature and a dull and tedious speaker.
The London Times, in his obituar}- notice, said : " If we
must not speak of Lord Monteagle as either a very strong
or a high-minded man, we must do him justice as a shrewd
one, and a good partizan. If he was not a brilliant
Minister, he was at least a useful one."

HASTINGS COUNTY 171
CARLOW TOWNSHIP (1866)

The brave O'Bryne he was there
From Ballymans, I declare,
Brought Wicklow, Carlow and Kildare
To march at his command. — Street Ballad,
This township takes its name from Carlow, a town
and a county in Ireland, noted for frequent struggles
between the Irish and the English. In 1798 Carlow was
a centre of military activity. Its agriculture has greatly
improved during the present century. Carlow Castle^
built in the twelfth century, was the nucleus of the town,
which was made a borough in 1208.

McCLURE TOWNSHIP (1857)

He found the Northwest Passage, to be sure !
What use was it to any but McClure ?
The township of McClure takes its name from Sir
R. J. McClure, born at Wexford, Ireland, 1807, died
1873. f^s served in the Lake fleet during the Canadian
Rebellion of 1838 ; took part in Sir John Ross' Arctic
Expedition in 1848, and commanded the expedition
which discovered the Northwest Passage in 1850. For
this service he was knighted and received a reward of
;^5,ooo. He afterward served in the Chinese War
and rose to the rank of Vice-Admiral. Captain Sherard
Osborne's book says : " The subsequent recovery, by
Captain Leopold McClintock, of the relics and records of
the expedition under Sir John Franklin, proved that his

172 NOTHING BUT NAMES
ill-fated crew, coming from the Atlantic, did in the year
1848 perish on the coast of America, on or about the
mouth of the Great Fish River. That position has been
long known to communicate directly with the Pacific
Ocean by way of Behring's Strait The priority of the
discovery of the Northwest Passage clearly, therefore,
belongs to Franklin's expedition ; but the credit of
discovering two other water communications, ice-choked
though they be on either side of Banks' Land, between
the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific, belongs to Sir
Robert McClure."

WICKLOW TOWNSHIP (1857)

And on far Wicklow's hills they urge their firm and rapid way,
,\v\A well may proud Lord Grey exult to view their stern array.
-M.J, McCann.
WiCKLOW is the name of a county in Ireland,
Province of Leinster, with a county town also called
Wicklow, which exports grain and copper and lead ores.
There are various other minerals in the county, and the
soil is tolerably fertile.

BANGOR TOWNSHIP (1859)

Though Delany advised you to plague me no longer,
You reply and rejoin like Hoadly to Bangor. —Swift,
This township is named after Bangor, a city in
Carnarvonshire, Wales, surrounded by beautiful scenery.

HASTINGS COUNTY 173
which brings many summer visitors to the place. The
cathedral of Bangor was erected about the year 525 and
burned down in 1402, and not rebuilt for ninety years.
Bishop Berkeley alienated the lands belonging to the
cathedral and even sold the bells of the church. There
are also an ancient city called Bangor in County Down,
Ireland, a Bangor parish in Flintshire, and a Bangor city
in Maine, U.S.

174 NOTHING BUT NAMES

NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY (1792)

And now the vessel skirts the strand
Of mountainous Northumberland. — Marmion,
This county is called after Northumberland, one of
the largest counties in England, as well as the most
northerly. More than a third of the county is moun
tainous. The river Tweed forms the boundary between
Northumberland and Scotland. At Hexham, Flodden
and Berwick in Northumberland, great battles were
fought. At Alnwick is the princely mansion of the
Dukes of Northumberland.

MURRAY TOWNSHIP (1792)

And there'll be Murray commander,
And Gordon the battle to win.

This township was named after James Murray, fifth
son of Alexander Murray, fourth Baron Elibank. He
was a Brigadier-General at the siege of Louisbourg, and
General Wolfe had formed the highest, opinion of his
courage and conduct He took a prominent part in the
siege of Quebec in 1759, and after the capture he was
appointed Governor of the city. His duties were arduous
and exacting, for he had neither enough clothing nor

NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY 175
enough provisions for the garrison, and he was short of
money. Drunkenness became so prevalent that Murray
withdrew the licenses he had granted to some of the
taverns, and when a soldier found drunk was arrested he
got twenty lashes every morning till he told where he
obtained the liquor. The Governor endeavored to
regulate the markets and to establish the price of grain,
and he strengthened the fortifications, but there was much
sickness among his troops. Anstruther's 58th battalion
constituted part of the force under Murray at that time
(see Anstruther township). On July 14, 1760, Murray
left Quebec for Montreal, and on his way he felt it
his duty to burn the town of Sorel, because its inhabitants
were still in the field against the British forces. He
wrote to Mr. Pitt : " 1 pray God that this example may
suffice, for my nature revolts when this becomes a neces
sary part of my duty." He landed at Montreal and
assisted Amherst. In the fall of 1763 General Murray
was appointed Captain-General and Governor of the
Province of Quebec. Under him the Canadians were
denied no privilege, and his policy was to reconcile them
to the new Government. He well understood that 80,000
souls could not be told that their manners and customs
had been arbitrarily set aside at the demand of a score of
new comers. He was recalled and made a report to Lord
Shelburne, defending his policy. He afterward served as
Governor of Minorca, 1774, and defended that fortress
against the French and Spanish, spurning an offer of
;^ 1 00,000 if he would surrender the place. He was
also Governor of Hull. He died at his house in West
minster, March 19, 1794, and when his body was opened
for embalmment, several bullets, by which he had been
wounded in the German and American wars, were found.

176 NOTHING BUT NAMES

BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP (1852)

So congenial their tastes that, when Fum first did light on
The floor of that grand China-warehouse at Brighton. — Moore.
This township, cut off from Murray and Cramahe, was
named after the village of Brighton, so called on account
of the long beach extending into Lake Ontario, in front of
the township, reminding one of Brighton, the famous
watering place in Sussex, England, where George IV.,
when Prince of Wales, built the pavilion in 1784. The
English Brighton, now the most populous town in the
county, was about the middle of the last century a small
village composed of fishing huts, and scarcely known by
name. Brighton is an abbreviation of Brighthelmstone,
derived from Brighthelm, a Saxon Bishop, who made it
his residence. After the Conquest it was granted to
William de Warren.

CRAMAHE TOWNSHIP (1792)

Was called after Hector Theophilus Cramahe, a Swiss
Protestant, who had been a member of Governor Murray's
Council and also his secretary, and whom Murray
described as a gentleman, an excellent scholar, master of
the French language and a valuable assistant to him.
Cramahe administered the government during Sir Guy
Carleton's absence from the country 1770-74, the period
in which the Quebec Act was under consideration.

NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY 177
Garneau says that Cramahe in 1772 permitted the
consecration of a coadjutor to the Catholic Bishop, and in
1773 he recommended that the French Canadians should
be treated liberally and with justice in the matter of
religion, and Lord Dartmouth promised to follow a
generous policy. Mrs. Cramahe received a pension of
£\'^0, the warrant stating it to be given her "as widow
of the late Hector Theophilus Cramahe, Lieutenant-
Governor of Detroit, pursuant to the order of the Lords of
the Treasury, 31 May, 1790." Cramahe took the oath of
office, Oct 12, 1785, but, so far as can be traced, never
entered on the government of Detroit. The last warrant
for his salary is dated May i, 1787.

HALDIMAND TOWNSHIP (1792)

See Haldimand county.

HAMILTON TOWNSHIP (1792)

The steed of princely Hamilton
Was fleeter than the mountain wind. — Scott.
The township was named after Henry Hamilton, who
was Lieutenant-Governor of Canada for one year, 1785,
after Haldimand retired and before Lord Dorchester
returned. He had been appointed Civil Governor at
Detroit in 1777, and in 1778 he undertook an ill-advised
expedition against Vincennes, acting under the orders of
Lord George Germain, conveyed to him through Mr.
Cramahe. Hamilton is described as a man of personal
courage, but defective in judgment. He was taken

178 NOTHING BUT NAMES
prisoner and suffered great hardships, before Haldimand
could arrange with General Washington for his exchange.
After his release he returned to Canada, and while serving
as a Member of the Council, before his elevation to the
Governorship, he acted and talked injudiciously, rendering
his early removal from office necessary.

SEYMOUR TOWNSHIP (1798)

There stands the castle, by yon tuft of trees,
Mann'd with three hundred men, as I have heard ;
And in it are the Lords of York, Berkley and Seymour ;
None else of name, and noble estimation. — King Richard II.
The township was called Seymour, after Lady
Elizabeth Seymour, daughter of the Duke of Somerset,
and wife of Hugh Smithson, created Duke of Northumber
land, and who became Baroness Percy after her husband's
death, in 1786. The name of Seymour is derived from
Saint Maur in Normandy. It is the family name of the
Marquis of Hertford.

PERCY TOWNSHIP (1798)

I am the Prince of Wales ; and think not, Percy,
To share with me in glory any more. — King Henry IV.
Percy is the old family name of the Dukes of North
umberland, taken originally from the village of Percy in
Normandy. Henry de Percy in the reign of Edward I.
acquired the baronetcy of Alnwick.

NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY 179

ALNWICK TOWNSHIP (1798)

Lord Percy made a solemn feast
In Alnwick's princely hall ;
And there came lords and there came knights.
His chiefs and barons all.
— The Hermit of Warkworth, by Bishop Percy.
The township is called after Alnwick, the county town
of Northumberland, England, on the high road from
London to Berwick, famous for its castle, the residence of
the Duke of Northumberland, which was repeatedly
besieged by the Scots in ancient times. Alnwick is near
the river Alne, from which it derives its name. An abbey
was founded there by Eustace St. John in 1147. Alnwick
Castle has been for many years a fortress of great
strength. It was celebrated in border history, and was
peculiarly fatal to the Kings of Scotland, of whom
Malcolm II. and his son Edward fell before it, and
William the Lion was taken prisoner. It is related that
King John, annoyed by the miry state of the roads,
directed that the freemen of Alnwick should be made by
the ceremony of rushing through a muddy pool, dressed
in white.

SOUTH MONAGHAN TOWNSHIP (1820)

South Monaghan is called after the county of
Monaghan, in Ireland.

i8o NOTHING BUT NAMES

PETERBOROUGH COUNTY (1849)

Through London streets upon a day,
The Earl of Peterborough took his wa\',
All in his pompous coach — perhaps to dine ;
The mob of London took it in their head,
This was the Duke of Marlborough, so dread
To F5enchmen on the Danube and the Rhine. —P. Pindar.
Swift said the Earl of Peterborough,
Who conquered Spain in style most thorough.
Was " never matched in modern reading
But by his namesake, Charles of Sweden."
Macaulay termed him, when in health,
" A learned, amorous Charles the Twelfth."
This county, which was at the time of the Union Act
of 1840 known as the north riding of Northumberland,
takes its name from the town of Peterborough, which,
previous to 1825, was known as Indian Plain or Scott's
Landing. In that }-ear Colonel Peter Robinson, of
Newmarket, (a brother of the late Chief Justice of Upper
Canada) was sent out by Earl Bathurst in charge of 2,000
emigrants. He conducted them from the south of Ireland
to the Indian Plains, where he encamped them, and
subsequently settled them in the neighboring townships.
One day at a dinner party which Colonel Robinson gave
in his tent, the question arose what name to give the
future town. It was then decided that it should be called
Peterborough, after Colonel Robinson. There were present
at the dinner Hon. Thomas Stewart, Mr. Ale.x. McDonald,
Dr. Reid, of Perth, Mr. Sydney Bellingham, M.P. for
Argenteuil, and one or two others. The name was

PETERBOROUGH COUNTY i8i
adopted, and Colonel Robinson gave orders that Peter
borough should be laid out in town and park lots, and
promised each of his guests a town and a park lot The
land upon which the town stands was then valued at one
dollar per acre. Another account mentions that there
were 415 families, comprising 2,024 persons altogether, in
Colonel Robinson's band of emigrants. Dr. Francis
Connin, who died in 1854, was acting surgeon to one of the
transport vessels. Colonel Robinson built a long boat
and made a preliminary ascent of the Otonabee River
with twenty native Canadians and thirty of the healthiest
of the immigrants. Not one of them escaped the fever
and ague and two died. Peter Robinson served under
General Sheaffe in the war of 1812-14. He escaped from
Mackinaw through the enemy's fleet. He purchased a
mill at Newmarket in 18 12, and was Commissioner of
Crown Lands in 1827. He entertained Sir John Franklin
and Sir John Ross when they were on their way to the
Arctic regions. He was a son of Christopher Robinson of
Virginia, who was wounded in the Revolutionary war.
After the peace, the elder Robinson removed to Canada,
where Governor Simcoe made him Deputy Surveyor-
General of Crown Lands. His salary, half-pay and an
estate of 2,000 acres placed him in circumstances of
comfort. His son (Sir John Beverley Robinson, brother of
Peter), born 1791, was appointed Attorney-General of
Upper Canada in 1818 ; Chief Justice in 1829 ; created a
Baronet in 1854 and died in 1863.
The form of the name chosen in honor of Mr. Peter
Robinson was doubtless determined or suggested by the
city of Peterborough in Northamptonshire, England,
which was anciently called Medeshamstede, or the dwell
ing in the meadow, and is so mentioned in the Saxon
Chronicle which records the foundation of the monastery

1 82 NOTHING BUT NAMES
there by Paeda, the first Christian king of IMercia.
.Archdeacon Paley, author of the Evidences of Christianity,
was born at Peterborough in 1743. He died in 1805.
Charles Alordaunt, Earl of Peterborough, was born in
1658 and died in 1735.

NORTH MON.AGHAX TOWNSHIP (1820)

Takes its name from a county in Ireland ; same as
South Monaghan, Northumberland county.

OTONABEE TOWNSHIP (1820)

Oton.\bee is an Indian word meaning mouth water,
so called from the place where the Otonabee river empties
into Rice Lake through a delta.

.\SPHODEL TOWNSHIP (1821)

And urging still her airy flight.
She gains those smiling realms of light
Where sons of bliss immortal dwell
In golden groves of .Asphodel. — Annual Register, l~j;S.
.Asphodel is a Greek word meaning a plant of the lil}-
family, like the daffodil, which probably abounds there.
Homer sometimes uses asphodelos as an adjective, as in
Odyssey XI. 539 — "asphodelos leimon," the asphodel

PETERBOROUGH COUNTY 183
meadow, which the shades of heroes haunted. Hence
Picturesque Canada, p. 642 : " With propriety, probably
unconscious, a township, on the lower edge of Rice Lake,
has been named Asphodel, no unfit name for well-watered
meadows, where the shades of Indian heroes may still
linger."

ENNISMORE TOWNSHIP (1829)

This township is called after William Hare, Viscount
Ennismore, second Earl of Listowel, the father of Lady
Sophia Macnamara, lady of the bedchamber to Princess
Louise, Marchioness of Lome. His father Richard,
Viscount Ennismore, was M.P. for Cork, and died in 1827.
This township was called Emily Gore on the map
published in 1828, and also in Bouchette's book (1832), but
in the Canadian sessional papers of 1830 it is called Ennis
more. The Irish Ennismore is in the county of Kerry.

SMITH TOWNSHIP (1821)

Smiths ! the Smiths are hydra-headed ;
Smiths grow up three deep in rows ;
Smiths, in countless hosts and legions,
Everywhere have poked their nose.

-A. Wingfield.

The township of Smith may have been named after
Sir David William Smith, the Surveyor-General, who
made a map of Upper Canada in 1798, was a member of
the first three Canadian Parliaments and Speaker in two

1 84 NOTHING BUT NAMES
of them, born 1764, died at Alnwick, England, in 1837.
His father, Col. John Smith, was commandant at Niagara
and died there in 1795. Sir D. W. Smith was created a
baronet in 182 1. He married Anne O'Reilly, of County
Longford, in 1788, and for his second wife Mary Tyler of
Devizes, in 1803. Morgan speaks of the consummate
ability with which Sir David Smith administered the
affairs of the Duke of Northumberland, in the county of
^ Northumberland. In 1817, 1818 and again in 1820 the
Government of Upper Canada was administered by Hon.
Samuel Smith, a U.E. Loyalist, who was entirely uncon
nected with the Family Compact, and was a man of ability
and integrity. He died at his residence in Toronto,
October 20, 1826, leaving seven daughters and two sons.
It is quite possible that this township was named after
Hon. Samuel Smith.

DOURO TOWNSHIP (1821)

One of the titles of the Duke of Wellington was Baron
Douro, given him because Wellington achieved the
brilliant exploit of crossing the river Douro in the face of
the French army under Soult, and driving them with great
loss from Oporto, and beyond the limits of Portugal. Sir
Peregrine Maitland, who probably named the township,
served under Wellington.

PETERBOROUGH COUNTY 185

DUMMER TOWNSHIP (1821)

For here impetuous Powell wheels and veers
His royal guards, his British grenadiers. — Joel Barloiv.
This township is named after Hon. William Dummer
Powell, born at Boston, 1755, Chief Justice of Upper
Canada for a considerable period previous to 1825, and
Speaker of the Legislative Council. Dent describes him
as a gentleman of somewhat diminutive size, but withal of
handsome and imposing appearance. In conjunction with
Rev. Dr. Strachan he for many years practically directed
the administration of affairs in Upper Canada. " Francis
Gore and Sir Peregrine Maitland might successively
posture as figure-heads under the title of Lieutenant-
Governors, but the real depositories of power were the
Rector and the Chief Justice." Mr. Powell acquired large
tracts of the Crown Lands and his son held several offices
of emolument The name Powell — originally Ap Howell
—is Welsh.

BELMONT TOWNSHIP (1823)

In Belmont is a lady richly left.
And she is fair, and, fairer than that word.
Of wondrous virtues. — Merchant of Venice.
The word means beautiful mountain. Roger, lord of
Belmont-le-Rogier, styled De Beaumont, was summoned
to the Council of the Norman William when he proposed
to invade England. He furnished sixty vessels to the

1 86 NOTHING BUT NAMES
fleet His son Roger was also a valiant supporter of the
Conqueror ; at Senlac he " broke an English square."
He was rewarded with a barony and ninety manors in the
English counties. He was said to be the wisest man
between England and Jerusalem, and played the kings
of France and England like pawns upon a chess-board.
Henry I. created him first Earl of Leicester. There is a
Belmont in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, and there
are two Belmonts in France. In Shakespeare's play,
Belmont is the seat of Portia, on the continent. Belmont
Castle is Lord Wharncliffe's seat in Perthshire, Scotland.
Belmont House, in the County of Kilkenny, Ireland, was
the seat of Sir Henry Winston Baron, M.P. for Waterford
in 1 84 1 et seq.

HARVEY TOWNSHIP (1821)

Is there one, who but once would not rather have known it,
Than written, with Harvey, whole volumes upon it. — Moore.
But Lord Nelson he hailed them with masterful grace —
" Cap'n Harvey, I'll thank you to keep in your place.'
— Henry Newbolt.
The township is called Harvey after Sir John Harvey,
born 1778, supposed to be a natural son of Lord Paget,
Earl of Uxbridge and Marquis of Anglesey ; served in the
Mahratta war under Lord Lake, (see Lake township),
whose daughter Elizabeth he married ; was appointed
Deputy Adjutant-General to the army in Canada (1812);
planned and took part in the battle of Stony Creek (June
5th, 1813); was Governor of New Brunswick, Newfound
land and Nova Scotia. Died in 1846.

PETERBOROUGH COUNTY 187
BURLEIGH TOWNSHIP (1822)

Here he lives in .state and bounty.
Lord of Burleigh, fair and free.
Not a lord in all the county
Is so great a lord as he. — Tennyson.
If Dr. Scadding's conjecture is correct, this township
is named after William Cecil, Lord Burleigh, born at
Bourne in Lincolnshire, 1520, died 1598 ; for forty years a
leading Minister under Edward VI. and Queen Elizabeth.
He was buried at Stamford. Macaulay in his review of
Dr. Nares' Memoirs of Lord Burleigh says that "he had
no aspirations after the crown of martyrdom " and blames
him for sacrificing the lives of others. Hume says that
Burleigh died equally regretted by the sovereign and the
people, and that he had risen by the mere force of merit.
He entertained the Queen twelve times in his country
house, each visit costing him two or three thousand
pounds, and his silver plate was worth more than ^^42,000.
See Barrie township for Dr. Scadding's explanation
of the naming of Burleigh township. The old name
of Yea could have no reference to the Crimean hero. Col.
Lacy Yea, of the 7th Fusiliers, whose death is described
by Kinglake, as the township bore the name of Burleigh
more than thirty years before the date of the Crimean
War. In the county of Kinross, Scotland, are the ruins
of Burleigh Castle, which gave title to Lord Burleigh,
attainted in 17 16. As Burleigh and Grimsthorpe townships
were re-named at the same time, by Sir Peregrine
Maitland, he doubtless had in his mind Burleigh House,
near Stamford, as well as Grimsthorpe Castle. Lord
Burleigh's hospital, monument and residence were all at,
or near, Stamford. (See Stamford township).

NOTHING BUT NAMES

METHUEN TOWNSHIP (1823)

They thocht to lie in Methven kirkyard,
Araang their noble kin,
But they maun lie on Lynedoch brae,
To beek foment the sun. —Ballad of Bessie Bell.
This township was called Methuen, in honor of the
Duke of Richmond, Baron of Methuen in the peerage of
Scotland. The village of Methuen, or Methven, in
Scotland, is six miles from Perth, and Methven Castle
adjoins the village. Near Methven Robert Bruce was
defeated in 1306 by the English under the command of
Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke. Corsham House
in Wiltshire was purchased in 1747 by Paul Methuen,
Esq., who began a collection of pictures by the first
masters, such as Poussin, Carlo, Dolci, Titian, Claude,
Murillo, Rembrandt, Vandyke, Guido, Rubens, Holbein
and Sir Peter Lely, and threw the house open for public
inspection on Tuesdays and Fridays. His grandson
became Baron Methuen.

GALWAY TOWNSHIP (1857)

Why lingers she from Erin's host
So far on Galway's ship-wrecked coast ? — Campbell.
I'll seek her through Galway, and I'll seek her all through Clare,
I'll search for tales or tidings of my traveller everywhere. — Francis A. Fahy,
This township was called after the county of Galway
in the west of Ireland, which includes the celebrated

PETERBOROUGH COUNTY 189
district of Connemara, principally devoted to grazing and
fishing. There are many Celtic cromlechs and Anglo-
Norman castles in the county. The town of Galway,
capital of the county, is an ancient seaport, with Queen's
College, the collegiate church of St Nicholas and the
Franciscan convent among its principal buildings. Galway
was formerly the emporium of Ireland, and its commerce
with Spain was considerable.

CAVENDISH TOWNSHIP (1862)

Look sharp, or he'll smuggle himself, contraband.
More fearful than Cavendish, into our land. — Punch.
Cavendish took its name from Henry Cavendish,
born at Nice, 173 1, (during a visit of his mother. Lady
Charles Cavendish), died in London, 18 10. He was a
gentleman of great wealth and a man of high attainments
in chemistry and in general physics, a friend of Davy,
Dalton and other eminent scientists of his day. Dr.
Cavendish measured the density of the earth, discovered
the composition of water, made experiments with hydro
gen, etc. Distinguished in science for the accuracy of his
experiments and the brilliancy of his discoveries, he was
no less distinguished in private life for the excellence of
his character, the regularity and simplicity of his habits,
and his liberality toward other men of science. There is
a village named Cavendish in Suffolk, England, fifty-seven
miles from London, where John de Cavendish, Chief
Justice of the King's Bench, 1372-81, lived. He was
beheaded by the insurgents at Bury, and the Cavendishes
of the ducal house of Devonshire are descended from him.

190 NOTHING BUT NAMES

ANSTRUTHER TOWNSHIP (1861)

Gloomy as soot, with faces grim and swarth.
They march most sourly leering every one.
Yet very keen at Anster loan to share
The merriments and sports to be accomplished there.
— Prof. Tennant.
What if my good friend Hastings goes to pot ?
Adams and Anstruther have flung hard stones ;
He finds his situation rather hot ;
Burke, Fox and Sheridan may break his bones. —P. Pindar.
The name is taken from a group of two or three
towns in Fifeshire, Scotland, bearing the name of
Anstruther, sometimes contracted to Anster. Rev. Dr.
Thomas Chalmers was born at Anstruther, in Fife, March
17, 1780, and Anstruther was the residence of the
renowned Maggie Lauder, commemorated in the popular
song of that name. There was an officer named
Anstruther at the capture of Quebec and a Mr. John
Anstruther, M.P. for Craill Pittenweem, who took part in
the debate which caused the quarrel between Burke and
Fox. He voted against the Canada Bill. The name is
yet represented in the House of Commons and in various
departments of the Imperial service. The London
Canadian Gazette of January, 1898, contained the follow
ing item: —
" Sir Windham C. J. Carmichael-Anstruther, ninth
baronet of Nova Scotia, and fifth of Great Britain, of
Anstruther, Fifeshire, died on Wednesday of last week, at
his seat, Carmichael House, Thankerton, aged 74. He
was the only son of Sir Windham Carmichael-Anstruther,

PETERBOROUGH COUNTY 191
eighth baronet, and was born in 1824." The Anstruthers
have held the office of heritable carver to the royal
household in Scotland since 1585.
A Captain Anstruther, of the 23rd Regiment, was
killed at the storming of the redoubt in the Crimea.
—Kinglake, vol. I., page 537. Lt-Col. A. W. Anstruther,
commanding the Royal Artillery, at Halifax, N.S., 1890,
comes from a P'ifeshire family that traces its ancestry back
to the Norman Conquest.

CHANDOS TOWNSHIP (1862)

What that malty stuff which Chandos
Drivels as no other man does. — Moore.
" Duke of Chandos " is one of the titles of the
Duke of Buckingham (Grenville), conferred upon Richard
Temple Nugent Brydges Chandos Grenville in 1796
when he married Lady Anne Eliza, daughter of James
Brydges, third and last Duke of Chandos. (See Grenville
county and Brudenell township). Brydges used to be
written Brugge, Bruges, Brugh, and Brigge, and one of
the Brugges married a descendant of " Robert de
Chandos," a noble warrior, famed for his feats in arms,
who came out of Normandy with William the Conqueror,
and won large possessions for himself in Monmouthshire,
Wales.

192 NOTHING BUT NAMES

DURHAM COUNTY (1792)

So, safe he sat in Durham aisle,
And prayed for our success the while. — Marynion.
This county is called after Durham county in
England, famous for its coal, lead and iron mines, and for
its great manufactures. The name is a corruption of the
Saxon words Dur, a hill, and Holme, a river-island, a
description applicable to the city from which the county
takes its name. The county, or bishopric, derived its
original privileges from a grant made to St Cuthbert by
Egfrid, King of Northumberland, 685. (See Ekfrid town
ship). The great Roman road, called Watling street,
passes the river Wear at Walsingham in Durham.
Durham city is situated on a rocky eminence which is
almost surrounded by the river Wear. Its history is
intimately connected with the legend of St. Cuthbert.
Duncan, King of Scotland, attacked thei town in 1040, but
he was defeated and made prisoner. William I. devas
tated the whole district with fire and sword, so that for
sixty miles from Durham to York there was not a house
standing, and a dreadful famine ensued. After the
suppression of the rebellion of the Nevilles in the reign of
Elizabeth, sixty-six persons were executed at Durham.

DURHAM COUNTY 193
HOPE TOWNSHIP (1792)

Come, gentle Hope, with one gay smile remove
The lasting sadness of an aching heart. — Helen Maria M'ilUams.
Hope is named after Colonel Henry Hope, a member
of the Legislative Council, to whom Hamilton transferred
the government in 1787, pending the return of Governor
Carleton from England to Canada. One of the Quebec
Gates was called Hope Gate in his honor. His health
was poor and he got leave to return to England, but died
at Quebec, April 13, 1789, and was buried there with
military honors. Dr. Scadding attributes this name to
Admiral Sir George Hope, but the position of the town
ship in the row with Murray, Cramahe, Hamilton and
Clarke would indicate that Hope was also named after a
Governor of Canada.

CLARKE TOWNSHIP (1792)

'Tis grown the choicest wit at court,
.A.nd gives the maids of honor sport ;
For, since they've talked with Dr. Clarke,
They now can venture in the dark. —Swift.
The township of Clarke was named after Major-
General Alured Clarke, who was Lieutenant-Governor in
1792, and who appears, from the correspondence in the
Archives with Dundas, Simcoe and others, to have been a
careful and capable business man. Sir Alured Clarke was

194 NOTHING BUT NAMES
born about 1745 ; served in Germany under Lord Granby
in 1759; accompanied Howe to New York ; was Lieuten
ant-Governor of Jamaica 1782-90; in 1795 was sent with
reinforcements to India ; became Commander-in-Chief in
India, was raised to the rank of field marshal, and died in
1832, aged eighty-seven.

DARLINGTON TOWNSHIP (1792)

Veni Darlington, prope vicum
Conjugem duxi peramicum ;
Nuptiis celebrantur festa.
Nulla admittuntur moesta.
— Drunken Barnabee's Journal
(Richard B rathwayth, is88-z6y3).
Thence to Darlington ; there I boused,
Till at last I was espoused ;
Marriage feast, and all prepared.
Not a fig for the world I cared. — Haslewood s translation.
This township takes its name from the ancient town
of Darlington in Durham county, England, the name of
which is derived from Der, the river, the Saxon Inge
signifying a meadow bordering on a river, and ton, a villa
or town. Darlington Church was erected by Bishop
Hugh Pudsey in 1160. Its endowments were granted by
Queen Elizabeth to found a grammar school, at the
solicitation of Henry, Earl of Darlington, and Bishop
Pilkington. Manufactures of various kinds flourish at
Darlington. When George I. succeeded Queen Anne on
the throne of England, he was accompanied to England
by his two leading favorites. Mademoiselle Von Schuelem-
berg, " the Maypole," who received the title of Duchess of

DURHAM COUNTY 195
Kendal, and Madam Kielmansegge, popularly called " the
elephant," who was elevated to the peerage as Countess
of Darlington. Horace Walpole, to whom we are
indebted for many valuable descriptions of persons and
things, says of her, " I remember as a boy being terrified
at her enormous figure. The fierce black eyes, large and
rolling, between two lofty-arched eyebrows ; two acres of
cheeks spread with crimson ; an ocean of neck that over
flowed and was not distinguished from the lower part of
her body, and no part restrained by stays. No wonder
that a child dreaded such an ogress." Besides his two
Hanoverian mistresses, George brought with him a horde
of haughty satellites, and the expense of these rapacious
favorites of both sexes was a perplexity to the king and a
drain upon the nation throughout his reign.

CAVAN TOWNSHIP (1816)

On, Luther of Cavan ! On, Saint of Kilgroggy !
With whip in one hand, and a bible in t'other.
Like Mungo's tormentor, both "preachee and floggee.'' — Moore,
This township, most of whose early settlers came from
Ireland, takes its name from the county of Cavan in
Ireland, formeriy called Breifne, part of the territory of
O'Rourke, the Irish chief The O'Reillys having forfeited
their five baronies in Cavan by rebellion in the beginning
of the 17th century, Cavan reverted to the British Crown.
The county town, also called Cavan, possesses a public
pleasure ground bequeathed to the town by Lady
Fernham. The word Cavan means a cave or a round hill.
The family name of the Earl of Cavan is Lambart

196 NOTHING BUT NAMES

MANVERS TOWNSHIP (1816)

ManverS was named in honor of Charles Pierrepoint,
who succeeded to the estates of his uncle Evelyn, Duke of
Kingston, and was created Baron Pierrepoint and Viscount
Newark-upon-Trent in 1796, and Earl Manvers in 1806;
born 1737, died 1816, and was succeeded in the Earldom
by his son Charles Herbert, born 1778, died i860.

CARTWRIGHT TOWNSHIP (1816)

Cartwright township was called after the Hon.
Richard Cartwright, a native of Albany, N.Y., who settled
at Kingston about 1790 and died in 181 5, aged 50 years.
He was a member of the Executive Council, and was the
grandfather of Sir Richard Cartwright, the present
Minister of Trade and Commerce. In 1793, Mr. Cart
wright estimated that only one-twentieth of the population
of Upper Canada belonged to the Church of England, and
though a devout member of that Church himself, he
strongly protested against giving it the same exclusive
privileges it enjoyed in Britain. He advocated allowing
ministers of all churches to perform the marriage cere
mony, but that right was not granted till 183 1. The
Kingston Gazette, of March 13, 1816, contained the
following : " A new township in the rear of Darlington, in
the district of Newcastle, has been surveyed and is now
open for the location of U. E. Loyalists and military

DURHAM COUNTY 197
claimants. We understand that His Excellency, the
Lieutenant-Governor, to testify in the most public manner
the high sense which he entertained of the merit and
services of the late Hon. Richard Cartwright, has been
pleased to honor the township with the name of Cart
wright, a name ever to be remembered in Canada with
gratitude and respect. Dignified with a seat in the
Legislative Council, and also with a high appointment in
the militia of the Province, Mr. Cartwright discharged the
duties incident to those situations with skill, fidelity and
attention. Animated with the purest principles of loyalty,
and with an ardent zeal for the preservation of that noble
constitution which we enjoy, he dedicated, even when
struggling under great bodily infirmity, the remains of a
well-spent life to the service of his country. Nor was he
less perspicuous for his exemplary behavior in private life."
Mr. Cartwright left two sons, John S. Cartwright and
Rev. Robert Cartwright, the father of Sir Richard
Cartwright.

198 NOTHING BUT NAMES

VICTORIA COUNTY (1851)

God save our gracious Queen,
Long may 'Victoria reign,
God save the Queen.
Victoria county, originally part of Durham and later
part of Peterborough, was called after Her Majesty Queen
Victoria, of Great Britain and Ireland, born May 24, 1819,
succeeded her uncle King William IV., June 20, 1837.
She is the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, and
his wife, Princess Mary Louisa Victoria, of Saxe-Coburg-
Saalfeld. There is an interesting incident connected
with the selection of the Queen's name, Victoria. She
was baptized on June 24, 1819, when she was just one
month old. The father of the baby Princess wished her
to figure in history as Elizabeth 1 1., while her uncle, who
in a few weeks was to be George IV., greatly desired her
to be named Georgiana or Georgina. When, however,
this was found to be impossible owing to the opposition of
others, the Prince Regent put his foot down and insisted
that, in any event, if his own name was not to be given,
that of the Tsar should be, and at the baptism accordingly
he gave to the Archbishop the single name Alexandrina.
The father pressed for another, and the Prince-Regent
hurriedly gave permission for one of the names of the
babe's mother to be added, and so, by a fluke, Victoria, a
glorious name in our history, was preserved from oblivion.

VICTORIA COUNTY 199
EMILY TOWNSHIP (1820)

Yet could he not his closing eyes withdraw.
Though less and less of Emily he saw ;
So, speechless for a little space he lay,
Then grasped the hand he held, and sigh'd his soul away.
— Palamon and Arcite.
Emily township was called after Emily Charlotte,
daughter of Lord George Lennox and sister to the Duke
of Richmond who was Governor-General of Canada. She
married in 1784 the Hon. Sir George Cranfield Berkeley,
who .became Admiral of the White and Lord High
Admiral of Portugal. Lady Berkeley was an aunt of
Lady Sarah Maitland. Admiral Berkeley was a brother
of the fifth Earl of Berkeley, whose matrimonial eccentri
cities caused much litigation. He was born in 1753 and
entered the navy when twelve years of age, going with
his relative Admiral Keppel in the Mary yacht to convey
the unfortunate Caroline Matilda to Denmark. He
assisted Captain Palliser to survey the Gulf of St.
Lawrence, distinguished himself through the American
and French wars, was praised by Earl Howe and thanked
by Parliament, and while serving as commander-in-chief
on the Halifax station in 1807 he insisted on searching an
American frigate for deserters, thus bringing on the
discussion which ended in the war of 18 12 with the
United States. Admiral Berkeley died in 18 18, and his
widow died in 1832. One of their daughters, Anne Louise
Emily, a cousin of Lady Sarah Maitland, married Captain
Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy. Another daughter, Mary
Carolihe, married the eldest son of George Henry, Duke
of Grafton.

NOTHING BUT NAMES

OPS TOWNSHIP (1821)

Ut scias, quanto e loco, quantis opibus, quibus de rebus
lapsa fortuna occidat. — Cicero.
Ops is a Latin word meaning wealth, riches, generally
used in the plural. Ops is personified as the goddess of
plenty, riches and power, the wife of Saturn, and the
patroness of husbandry ; identical with Terra.

MARIPOSA TOWNSHIP (1821)

Forth from her couch the lady came —
Miss Butterfly — a lovely dame —
And bowing, she with stately grace
Took at the feast the highest place.
— Mrs. Frank Leland.
'Twas the brave Mariposa that rescued the two.
May her fame o'er the wide world be spread ;
God bless the strong arms of the brave-hearted crew
Who rescued these men from the dead. — Amelia Dack Fenton.
Mariposa is the Spanish word for butterfly, also the
name of a county in California. The name has also been
given to steamships on the Atlantic and the Pacific
Oceans.

VICTORIA COUNTY

VERULAM TOWNSHIP (1823)

And Richmond the modest and silent, in fact quite a
ducalized Lacon,
And Verulam, who is — let's see — yes, who's not a
descendant of Bacon. — Punch.
Verulam was named in honor of James Walter
Grimston, Earl of Verulam, born 1775, died 1845 ; he
married, in 1 807, Lady Charlotte Jenkinson, daughter of
Charles, first Earl of Liverpool. He was therefore a
brother-in-law of the Lord Liverpool who was Premier of
England from 181 2 to 1827. One of the Earl of Verulam 's
daughters, Lady Katharine Grimston, married, in 1839,
George W. F. Villiers, fourth Earl of Clarendon (see
Clarendon township). She died in 1874. The title of
Earl of Verulam is taken from Verulamium, or Verulam,
the ancient capital of Britain, and afterwards a Roman
station in Hertfordshire, England. Francis Bacon was an
Earl of Verulam.

FENELON TOWNSHIP (1823)

Entre deux ^troites coUines
Se creuse un oblique vallon,
Tel que Virgile ou Fenelon
L'auraient peint de leurs mains divines. — Lamartine.
By Swift, by Machiavel, by Rochefoucault,
By F&elon, by Luther, and by Plato,
By Tillotson, and Wesley, and Rousseau,
Who knew this life was not worth a potato. — Donjuan,
This township is called Fenelon from a brother of
the French Archbishop Fenelon, of whom the following

202 NOTHING BUT NAMES
account is given : " In the autumn of 1668, two Sulpicians,
Messieurs Fdnelon and Trouve, established a mission at a
village of the Cayugas, on the Bay of Quinte. This M-
Fdnelon has often been mistaken for the celebrated
Archbishop of Cambray. The Canadian missionary's
labors in Central Ontario are commemorated by the
recurrence of the name Fenelon in the county of
Victoria. Our Canadian Abbe was not the Abbe Fenelon
who wrote Telemaque and became Archbishop of Cam
bray ; the missionary explorer of our lake shore was the
Archbishop's elder brother. They were both sons of
Count F6nelon-Salignac, though by different marriages."
Abbe Fenelon spent parts of 1669-70 at Pickering
Harbor, which for two centuries bore the name of French
man's Bay.

ELDON TOWNSHIP (1823)

Choose me out the longest sprig.
And stick it in old Eldon's wig.

-Moore.

Eldon took its name from John Scott, Lord Eldon,
the famous Lord Chancellor of England. He was the
son of John Scott, of Newcastle, where he was born in
1751 ; died 1838. When quite a youth he eloped with
and married Bessy Surtees, and for a long time the young
couple were very poor. He entered Parliament in 1783,
and became a favorite of Lord Thurlow, who made him
Attorney-General in 1793. In 1799, as Baron Eldon, he
was made Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. In 1801
he became Lord Chancellor, and with the exception of one
year he held the seals from 1801 to 1826. He was a great

VICTORIA COUNTY 203
Tory ; opposed Catholic Emancipation, Parliamentary
Reform, the Abolition of Slavery, Free Trade, Popular
Education and toleration of all kinds. So opposed was
Eldon to change that " the disappearance of hoops from
the drawing-room filled him with alarm."
When the King befriended Queen Caroline, Eldon was
her friend — her confidential adviser — the depositary of
her secret sorrows, and the warm defender and asserter of
her innocence. When the King became her enemy, the
same man was not only accessory to her prosecution, but
never seems to have had one spark of regret — one pang of
compunctious sorrow, that his position was so cruelly
changed. On the contrary, we cannot read with patience
the strain of cold and heartless levity with which he speaks
in his private letters of one who, whether guilty or innocent,
had undoubtedly suffered great wrong, and had once
looked up to him as her protector.

SOMERVILLE TOWNSHIP (1835)

Where SomerviUe, the kind and free ?
And Fraser, flower of Chivalry ?

-Scott,

The name may have been given in honor of Sir W.
SomerviUe, who was Chief Secretary for Ireland in 1846,
and was raised to the peerage as Baron Athlumney, of
SomerviUe and Dollardstown, County Meath. But it is
possible, in spite of the date above quoted, that this town
ship was named at the suggestion of Sir Francis Bond Head
or Sir Charies Bagot. Sir F. B. Head's grandmother was
Anne SomerviUe, daughter of James, tenth Lord
SomerviUe. Sir Francis himself married Julia Valenza

204 NOTHING BUT NAMES
SomerviUe, sister of Mark, sixteenth Lord SomerviUe.
Rev. Walter Bagot's daughter Charlotte was married in
1830 to Rev. Wm. SomerviUe, a brother of Lady Head.
The maiden name of Lady Head's mother was Mary
Digby, and Lady Head's sister Mary was married to Rev.
Charles Digby. (See Digby township). James Somer
viUe, of Dundas, M.P. for North Brant and Wentworth
(1898), is under the impression that SomerviUe township,
in Victoria county, was named in honor of Robert B.
SomerviUe, who represented Huntingdon county, Lower
Canada, in the Canadian Assembly before Confederation,
and sat in that House from 1854 until 1867. The name
may have been given in compliment to Mrs. Mary Somer
viUe, author of "Physical Geography," born 1780, died
1872 ; a daughter of Vice-Admiral Sir William Fairfax.
SomerviUe township is not marked on Walton & Gaylord's
map of 1836.

LAXTON TOWNSHIP (1858)

Is called after Laxton village in Northampton, Eng
land ; there is another Laxton in Notts, and a third in the
East Riding of York.

BEXLEY TOWNSHIP (1831)

While Vansittart could victual the troops upon tick.
And the " Doctor " look after the baggage and sick. — Moore.
This township was named in honor of Right Hon.
Nicholas Vansittart, Baron Bexley, son of Henry

VICTORIA COUNTY 205
Vansittart, Governor of Bengal, born in 1766, died 185 1.
He was educated at Oxford and studied law. In 1796 he
was elected to Parliament for Hastings, and distinguished
himself upon questions of commerce, revenue and general
business. In 1801 he was one of the Secretaries of the
Treasury, in 1805 Chief Secretary for Ireland, and when
Lord Liverpool became Premier Mr. Vansittart was made
Chancellor of the Exchequer. He married in 1806
Catharine Isabella, daughter of Lord Auckland. She
died without issue in 18 10. Mr. Vansittart held the seal
of the Exchequer from 1812 to 1823, and was raised to
the peerage on his retirement from that office, after which
he was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster till the
formation of the Duke of Wellington's Government in
1828, finally retiring on a pension of .^3,000 a year, which
he enjoyed for twenty-three years. Lord Bexley was ever
the pious advocate and zealous friend of the interests of
religion and rendered great assistance to the British and
Foreign Bible Society, the Church Missionary Society, etc.
Admiral Vansittart, a cousin of Lord Bexley, came to
Canada in 1834 and settled on a fine block of land near
Woodstock in Oxford county. He had also a place in
Bexley township on the shore of Balsam Lake, not far
from the Trent Valley Canal, and he owned many acres in
Eldon, Mariposa and Fenelon townships, which were
granted him for naval services. As Lord Eldon was a
colleague of Lord Bexley in the British Government, the
Vansittart influence can be traced in the names of Bexley
and Eldon townships.
At one time there were four of the Vansittart family in
the British House of Commons. Bexley in Kent was
given by King Cenulph to the see of Canterbur}^ Arch
bishop Cranmer alienated it to Henry VIII. James L
granted it to John Spilman, who sold it to Camden, who

2o6 NOTHING BUT NAMES
made it over to the University of Oxford, to found an
historical professorship.

GARDEN TOWNSHIP (1858)

Though there's Alderman Garden, the London beak.
Thinks that delivering letters
Is the work for decent lads to seek,
And that Postmen are Guardsmen's betters.
But while to soldiers in uniform
Stalls and boxes are tabooed,
Bull may feel wroth at the sight of red cloth,
And Garden afford to be rude. — Punch.
This name, and also that of Digby, may be traced to
the names of two of the Captains of the Royal Navy,
mentioned by General Sir John Hope (afterwards Earl of
Hopetoun) in his report of the battle of Corunna in 1809.
General Hope took command when Sir John Moore was
killed, and in his report he complimented Captain Carden,
Captain Digby and the other Captains for their unremit
ting exertions in embarking the army, with an expedition
that has seldom been equalled. Major (afterward Sir
John) Colborne (Lord Seaton) was at Corunna, and he was
afterwards Governor of Canada. Another possible source
of the township name is Carden, a village in Cheshire,
England, ten miles from the cit}^ of Chester and close to
the river Dee. The village name was originally Cawarden,
and the family took the name from the village. The
Gardens of Kent removed to Lincolnshire in the time of
Elizabeth, and the Irish Gardens are an offshoot of the
Lincoln branch. Sir Robert Walter Carden, first Baronet,
and Alderman of London, to whom Punch refers, died

VICTORIA COUNTY 207
January 19, 1888, aged 86. Captain John Surman Carden
commanded H.M.S. Macedonian when it was captured by
the American ship United States under Commodore
Decatur, October 25, 1812. Sir John Craven Carden, of
Templemore, Tipperary, married the grandmother of Lord
Monck, who was Governor-General of Canada. His son
served at Waterloo.

DIGBY TOWNSHIP (i860)

Though, happy Muse, thou know'st my Digby well.
Yet read him in these lines ; he doth excel
In honour, courtesy, and all the parts
Court can call hers, or man can call his arts. — Ben Jonson.
This township was named in honor of Captain Digby,
who helped to embark the British army after the battle of
Corunna (see Carden township). The Digbys have always
taken to the water. Admiral Digby and Sir Guy Carleton,
as commissioners of peace, wrote joint letters to General
Washington from New York, August 25, 1782. The
family of Baron Digby has been well represented in the
naval service throughout the present century. When Sir
Simon Mountfort was hanged at Tyburn for sending a
sum of money to Perkin Warbeck, whom he believed to
be the son of Edward IV., the Coleshill estates were
granted to Simon Digby, whose descendants, created
Earls of Bristol in the reign of James I., attained eminence
in various passages of English history. Robert Digby,
the first Baron Digby (1620) was a great-great-great-
grandson of Sir Simon Digby, of Coleshill. The seat of
Earl Digby is at Sherborne, where the Ridouts came from.
(See Sherborne and Ridout townships).

2o8 NOTHING BUT NAMES

DALTON TOWNSHIP (i860)

MacKenzie and his rebel gang
In Doel's brew'ry met,
" A bung-hole pack," Jim Dalton calls
This mischief-brewing set. — Cobourg Star, 1838.
This township is called after Dr. John Dalton, the
famous English chemist, born in 1766 at Eaglesfield in
Cumberland, died in 1844 at Manchester. His favorite
studies were mathematics and natural philosophy.
Although hampered in his investigations by lack of
money, he was so successful as to win the approval of
the most learned men of England and France, especially
after Dr. Wollaston had admitted the truth of Dalton's
atomic theory. In his papers on subjects connected with
meteorology, Dr. Dalton left valuable remarks on
evaporation, rain, the aurora borealis, winds and dew.
In the reign of William IV. the Government voted him a
pension. Dr. Dalton was never married.

LONGFORD TOWNSHIP (1858)

The Wexford boys, that ne'er were slack.
Came, with the brave Tips at their back.
With Longford joined, who in a crack
Soon sent them off the field. —Street Ballad.
The name is taken from Longford, a central county
of Ireland, with a capital town of the same name. The

ilCTORIA COUNTY 209
ri\cr Shannon borders the count}- for about fifty miles.
The earldom of Longford belongs to the farnily of
Pakenharn, which h.ts furnished several distinguished
representatives to the Church and the naval ser\ice. The
first Duke of Wellington married a daughter of the Earl
of Longford. (Sec Pakenham township).

NOTHING BUT NAMES

ONTARIO COUNTY (1849)

Kentucky's wood-encumbered brake.
Or wild Ontario's boundless lake,
Where heart-sick exiles in the strain
Recalled fair Scotland's hills again. — Scott,
Ontario county gets its name from Lake Ontario, the
Indian O-no-ta-ri-io, which means Handsome Lake. On
a French map of 1688, Lake Ontario is called Skaniadono.
Ontario is a new county, cut off from York in 1849, and
given the same name that had been borne for a short time
by Governor Simcoe's county of Ontario, which comprised
Howe, Wolfe, Amherst and other islands at the eastern
end of the lake.

WHITBY TOWNSHIP (1792)

Still was false Marmion's bridal staid ;
To Whitby's convent fled the maid,
The hated match to shun. — Marmion,
The name of this township is froin Whitby, an
English seaport and market town which owes its origin to
an abbey founded there in the seventh century by Oswy,
King of Northumberland. The abbey, with the town, was
so completely destroyed by the Danes in 867 that its very
name was lost in the ruins, and it lay desolate till near the
time of the Norman Conquest It was called Whitteby,
or White Town, of which its present name is a contraction.
The town is situated in Yorkshire on the shore of the
German Ocean, and is divided by the river Eske. The

ONTARIO COUNTY 211
discover}' of alum mines in the reign of Elizabeth gave
W'hitb}- its commercial importance. It had previously
been for several centuries nothing more than a small
fishing town.

PICKERING TOWNSHIP (1792)

Whereby the goods for Pickering fair
.Xre numbered with the things that were. —H. K, Cockin.
This township was first called Edinburgh. It was
renamed after Pickering, in the north riding of Yorkshire,
eighteen miles from W'hitb}', a market town af great
antiquit}-, which sent two members to Parliament in the
reign of Edward I. The tow n belongs to the Duchy of
Lancaster. The site of the Castle, where Richard II. was
confined before his removal to Pontefract, commands an
extensive view over the fertile vale of Pickering. Picker
ing l'"orest and Pickering Common are shown on the old
maps of Yorkshire.

REACH TOWNSHIP (1809)

The wind is higli on Chelsea's wave,
The tide is rushing through tlie Reach ;
The g:iy, the be:iutiful, the brave
Parade the pier and crowd the beach.
— .J Byronian Fragment,
This township is called after Reach, a \illage in
Bedfordshire, England, midwa}' between Woburn and
Leighton Buzzard.

NOTHING BUT NAMES

UXBRIDGE TOWNSHIP (1798)

There Uxbridge taught the audience how to think.
With much significant and knowing wink. — Peter Pindar.
" Forward, my men,'- cried Lord Uxbridge,
" But hold your horses in hand ;
Threes about, and together charge,"
Were the words of his command. — The Battle of Waterloo.
This township takes its name from the town of
Uxbridge in Middlesex, England, situated on the banks
of the river Colne, on the high road to Oxford. On the
river are many mills, which supply flour to the metropolis.
The town is supposed to have been founded in the time
of Alfred. During the civil wars it was the scene of the
memorable, but unsuccessful, negotiations between Charles
I. and his Parliament. The Conference was held in an
ancient brick mansion still called the Treaty House ; it is
now the Crown Inn, but the spacious room in which the
Commissioners assembled still remains. At the "Treaty
of Uxbridge '' Charles I. was represented by Henry
Hammond, D.D., who distinguished himself in an active
contest with Richard Vines. In 1768 the lessees of Sir
Nicholas Bayley, afterwards Earl of U.xbridge, discovered
the great richness of the copper and lead deposits at
Almwich, on the north coast of the Island of Anglesea.
(See Anglesea township).

ONTARIO COUNTY 213

SCOTT TOWNSHIP (1820)

Scott, the superlative of my comparative. — Dou Juan.
ScOTT township may be named after Colonel Hercules
Scott, of Brotherton, Scotland, who was killed at Fort Erie
in 181 2; or (more likely) after Thomas Scott, who was
.Attorney-General of Upper Canada and (see Archives
1892, p. 35) who with others was hauled over the coals
for getting money that had not been voted by the
Assembly. He was appointed Chief Justice in 1806 and
held that office until 1816. Scott street in Toronto was
named after Judge Scott.

BROCK TOWNSHIP (1817)

And generations yet .shall thrill
At Brock's remembered name. — Charles Sangster.
The township of Brock is named after Major-General
Sir Isaac Brock, born in Guernsey, 1769, who fell at
Queenston Heights, October 13, 1812. Sir Isaac Brock's
" Life" has been written by Mr. D. B. Read, of Toronto,
and the story of his noble career forms part of every
history of Canada. The Archives show that Sir Isaac's
brother William promptly applied to Lord Bathurst, of
the British Government, asking " that he would grant
some of the waste lands in Upper Canada to the family
of the late Major-General Brock, to keep the name
alive in the Province." On the recommendation of Lord

214 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Palmerston, dated June 3, 18 13, the Prince Regent
approved that a pension of ;^200 a year should be granted
to each of Sir Isaac's four brothers. The name of Brock
ville was given to Elizabethtown (or Snarlington, as some
called it, on account of the constant struggles between the
Jones and Buell families for local supremacy) in honor of
Sir Isaac Brock, and a district which included the present
county of Oxford for many years bore the name of the
Brock district.

THORAH TOWNSHIP (1820)

Thorah is a Hebrew word, meaning the Pentateuch,
the revealed will of God. " Every Sabbath, Monday and
Thursday, the Jews were required to assemble for the
hearing of the Thora read and expounded. Thus the
Thora, or law, became the very kernel of the religious
consciousness of the Jews." — S. Baring-Gould.

MARA TOWNSHIP (1820)
When that same song, encor'd, for nothing flows.
This Madam Mara to her sorrow knows.
To Windsor, oft, and eke to Kew,
The Royal mandate Mara drew. —P. Pindar,
To the waters of Ems from the waters of Marah !
Drooping pilgrims in Fashion's blank, arid Sahara.
—Owen Meredith.
Mara means bitter. " And when they came to Marah,
they could not drink of the waters of Marah, for they

ONTARIO COUNTY 215
were bitter ; therefore the name of it was called Marah."
Exodus x\'., 23. Madam Mara was a favorite vocalist in
King George Third's time.

RAMA TOWNSHIP (1820)

Ram.\ also means bitter. " Thus saith the Lord : A
voice was heard in Ramah, lamentation, and bitter
weeping ; Rachel weeping for her children refused to be
comforted for her children, because they were not." —
Jeremiah xxxi., 15. Rama is also the Spanish word for
branch of a tree.

SCUGOG TOWNSHIP (1851)

We'll bid farewell to Scugog lake,
.\nd back to the bush our wa}- well take. — u: W, Smith,
ScUGOG is an Indian word, meaning submerged land.
The Indian pronunciation is Scu-a-gog. Smith (writing
about 1850) sa}'s that the present Lake Scugog has been
artificially made by the building of the dam at Lindsay,
and that when these townships were surve}-ed, the whole
of what now constitutes the southern portion of Lake
Scugog was dry land.

2i6 NOTHING BUT NAMES

YORK COUNTY (1792)

Now is the winter of our discontent
Made glorious summer by this son of York.
— King Richard III,
York was called after the large county of Yorkshire
in England, which contains nearly 4,000,000 acres. The
West Riding of Yorkshire is particularly noted for its
manufactures, for which the raw materials are abundant.
Two great battles were fought in Yorkshire, one in 11 37,
in which David, King of Scotland, was defeated ; the
other in 1460, when Richard, Duke of York, was defeated
and slain by the Lancastrians. The city of York is
situated about the centre of the county, on the river Ouse.
Some writers try to trace its history to 1200 B.C., when
Ebraucus built the city and called it Caer Ebrauc ; but
the first reliable account is that the Roman Emperor
Severus and his two sons came to Britain 200 A.D. and
made York their principal place of residence. In 11 60
the first Parliament, called by that name, was held at
York, in the reign of Henry II. York Cathedral is the
largest Gothic structure in England. It was built at
various times ; the tower, which is the most recent, dates
from 1370. Yorkshire names, applied to the townships
before the Canadian county of York was reduced to its
present dimensions, are found all the way from Durham to
Brant

YORK COUNTY 217
SCARBOROUGH TOWNSHIP (1792)

By force of wine, even Scarborough is brave,
Hal grows more pert, and Somers not so grave. — Swift,
The Scarborough was a man-of-war
On Carolina station ;
George Anson was the Captain brave —
Pride of the British nation.
He sailed round the world with a single ship.
And smote the Spaniards "thigh and hip."
This township, at first called Glasgow, takes its name
from Scarborough, a celebrated watering place in York
shire, on the German ocean, built on the declivity of a
high, steep rock, near which are huge, craggy cliffs. The
ruins of the castle are on a projecting eminence at the
eastern end of the town. Before the invention of artillery
it was absolutely impregnable. The town of Scarborough
possesses the double attraction of sea bathing and mineral
waters.

YORK TOWNSHIP (1792)

Cousin of York, we here discharge your grace
From being regent in the parts of France. — King Henry VI.
The name of the township is taken from that of the
town of York (now Toronto) which was given it by
Governor Simcoe, in compliment to Prince Frederick, Duke
of York, when he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of
the Army. (See Fredericksburg). In the first surveys
York township bore the name of Dublin.

2 1 8 NO THING B UT NAMES

ETOBICOKE TOWNSHIP (1792)

The name is Indian, a tract of land extending from
Etobicoke to Burlington Beach having been held by th6
Mississaugas until it was purchased by the Crown for
^1,700, on the recommendation of Governor Gore, so that
roads could be laid out from Toronto to Dundas and
Niagara. The counties of Halton and Peel are included
in this tract of Mississauga land. The meaning of
Etobicoke is "the place where the alders grow." Augustus
Jones, the surveyor, spelled it Atobicoake, and gave the
meaning as " black alder creek." In some old documents
it is spelled Ytobicoke and Toby Cook, but the correct
spelling of the Indian word is Wah-do-be-kaung.

VAUGHAN TOWNSHIP (1792)

Come, Grey, — come, Vaughan ; let us here embrace ;
Farewell, until we meet again in heaven. — King Richard III.
Vaughan was called after Benjamin Vaughan, who
with Richard Oswald was sent by Lord Shelburne to
negotiate the Treaty of Peace with the United States in
1783. The pair of fools let the Americans get all that
part of Canada now included in the States of -Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, and would
have allowed Franklin and Jay to wheedle them out of
the rest of Canada, if Sir Henry Strachey, Under Secretary
for Foreign Affairs, had not opportunely appeared in

YORK COUNTY 219
Paris. From that day to this the United States has
always got the better of Great Britain in treaties and
arbitrations. See Thomas Hodgins' article in March,
1898, "Canadian Magazine." Dr. Scadding thinks the
name is from the fourth Viscount Vaughan (1793), also
Earl of Lisburne. That would probably be Sir John
Vaughan, colonel in the army, born 1769, died 1831, who
succeeded his father as Earl of Lisburne in 1800. Sir
Thomas Picton was aide de camp to Sir John Vaughan in
the West Indies in 1794. Hon. General Vaughan, M.P.
for Berwick, voted against the Canada Bill, and so did the
Earl of Lisburne, M.P. for Cardiganshire.

MARKHAM TOWNSHIP (1792)

Of gallant Markham would I sing.
And others if I could ;
Of Weir who most inhumanly
Was murdered in cold blood. — Cobourg Star, 1838.
The gentle Archbishop of York is up.
With well-appointed powers, he is a man.
Who with a double surety binds his followers. — King Henry IV,
The township of Markham took its name from Most
Rev. William Markham, D.D., born in Ireland, 1720, died
1806, who was the famous Archbishop of York in the
last century, a supporter of the younger Pitt, called by
Macaulay " the preacher of divine right." When Lord
Chatham died, a Chatham Annuity Bill, providing for a
perpetual pension of ;^4,000 per annum, was carried
in the House of Commons without a dissentient voice, but
opposed in the Lords by eleven peers, and formally pro
tested against by four of these,- viz.. Lord Chancellor

220 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Bathurst, Archbishop Markham of York, the Duke of
Chandos and Lord Paget. The third Earl of Mansfield
was Archbishop Markham's son-in-law (see Stormont
county). He was consecrated Bishop of Chester in 1771
and Archbishop of York in 1777. Dr. Markham was tall
in person ; in manners lofty and commanding. Major-
General Markham, second son of Admiral John Markham,
and grandson of the Archbishop of York, was with his
regiment in Canada in 1837, and in the Punjaub in
1848-49. He landed in the Crimea in 1854, exhausted
with fatigue and unable to render any service. Proceed
ing to England to recuperate, he died two months after
his arrival.

KING TOWNSHIP (1798)

Lord King himself could scarce desire
To see a spiritual Peer
Fall much more dead, in the dirt and mire.
Than did this Pamphleteer.

-Moor

The township of King was probably named in honor
of Mr. John King, who was Under Secretary of State
under the Duke of Portland, and with whom Benedict
Arnold and others corresponded directly upon Canadian
affairs. (See Archives). Dr. Scadding attributes the
name to "Admiral Sir Richard King, 1792." Under
Secretary John King on May 27, 1802, reported unfavor
ably on Lord Selkirk's plan for transporting people from
Ireland to Canada at Government expense and settling
them on land. Peter Russell wrote to John King in 1799
about his holding the office of President of the Council.

YORK COUNTY

WHITCHURCH TOWNSHIP (1798)

There are twelve towns or villages in England bearing
the name of Whitchurch or Blancminster, the most impor
tant of which is in Shropshire, in the neighborhood of
three fine lakes, Osmere, Blackmere and Brown ]\Iosswater.
King John assembled his forces there in 121 1, prior to
attacking the Welsh, on which occasion he penetrated to
the foot of Snowdon. The ruins of an ancient castle were
standing in 1 760, but its foundation and history are
unknown. Whitchurch is also the name of an earl}- English
printer. After Tyndale's death, when Rogers had brought
the translation of the Bible up to Isaiah, the English
printers, Richard Grafton and Edward Whitchurch, inter
vened, bought up the book as it stood, and advanced the
necessary funds for its completion.

GWILLIMBURY TOWNSHIP, EAST AND NORTH
(r7g8)

This township was named in honor of the wife of
Governor Simcoe, ;\Iiss Guillim, or Gwillim, a lad}- of
Wales, born in 1759, in which year her father, who was an
aide de camp to General Wolfe, was killed at the siege of
Quebec. She lived until 1850. The Due de la Roche
foucault, vvriting in 1795, said : " Mrs. Simcoe is a lady of
thirty-six years of age. She is bashful and speaks little ;

222 NOTHING BUT NAMES
but is a woman of sense, handsome and amiable, and
fulfils all the duties of a mother and a wife with the most
scrupulous exactness. The performance of the latter she
carries so far as to act the part of private secretary to her
husband. Her talent for drawing, the practice of which
she confines to maps and plans, enables her to be
extremely useful to the Governor."

GEORGINA TOWNSHIP (1815)

Georgina (the second) I'll marry at par.
Though her hair has too sunset a tint ;
Or Lesbia (the fourth), who is plainer by far.
If a discount's allowed for the squint."
— The Speculative Mamma,
This township was named in honor of King George
III., in tardy recognition of the loyal intention of Governor
Simcoe who proposed to show his respect for the King by
calling London, at the forks of the Thames, Georgina. It
does not seem to have occurred to him that Georgina was
the feminine form of the name, borne by at least one of
the Princesses of the House of Guelph. If King George
IV. had had his way. Queen Victoria's name would have
been Georgina.

SIMCOE COUNTY 223

SIMCOE COUNTY (1798)

I see the sunlit waters
Of fair SiiTicoe's silver tide.
Fair as some lovely daughter.
Some new-made happy bride.

—J, E, Politick.

Now Simcoe was a yeornan, handsome, slim.
Lithe as an Indian, and as straight of limb. — William Kirby,
Simcoe county was named after John Graves Simcoe,
the first Lieutenant-Governor of the separate Province of
Upper Canada, born at Cotterstock, Northamptonshire,
England, in 1752, died 1806. He was the son of Captain
John Simcoe, Commander of H.M.S. Pembroke, who was
killed at Quebec in 1759, while assisting Wolfe in the siege
of that city. In 1755 this able navigator had furnished
the Government with the plan, of operations against
Quebec. According to one account Captain Cook was in
command of the Pembroke when Captain Simcoe was
killed. The younger Simcoe entered the army in his
nineteenth year and reached America on the day the
battle of Bunker's Hill was fought. Having served
through the war of the Revolution he returned to England
and was elected to the House of Commons in 1790 for the
borough of St Maw's, Cornwall. In 1791 he was appointed
Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada. Governor
Simcoe established the seat of government at Newark
(Niagara) in 1792, moved it to York (Toronto), divided
Upper Cana,da into nineteen counties, and named many of
the townships. He projected the Governor's Road

224 NOTHING BUT NAMES
(Dundas street) from London to Dundas ; also a trunk
road from Dundas to Toronto and Kingston, and Yonge
street from Toronto to Lake Simcoe. He was enthusiastic
with regard to the future of Canada. In one of his letters
to Secretary of State Dundas, he proposes a naval station
at Long Point, on Lake Erie, London for the seat of
government, tells how he has marked out Oxford (\\'ood-
stock) and Chatham for town sites ; in another letter to
the Lords of Trade (1794) he anticipates that Penetan
guishene will be the most considerable town in Upper
Canada, as the passage to the Northwest will be established
there, and the chain of lakes from Bay Ouinte to Lake
Simcoe will give a route to the merchants of Kingston.
He also proposed the construction of the Murray Canal,
from Bay Quinte to Lake Ontario. On leaving Canada
in 1796 he was appointed Governor of St. Domingo. In
1798 he was made a Lieutenant-General, and in 1801 the
command of the town of Plymouth was entrusted to him.
He set out for Portugal in 1806 with the Earl of Rosslyn
to join the Earl of St. \''incent in the Tagus, but on the
voyage Simcoe was taken suddenly ill and died. He was
buried at Wolford in Devonshire and a monument was
erected in his honor at E-xeter.

WEST GWILLIMBURY TOWNSHIP (1798)

See East and North Gw-illimbury, York count}-.

SIMCOE COUNTY

TECUMSETH TOWNSHIP (1822)

Sleep well, Tecumseh, in thy unknown grave,
Thou mighty savage, resolute and brave. — Charles Mair.
The township of Tecumseth is generally supposed to
take its name from Tecumseh or Tecumtha, the Shawanee
chief, born in 1769 upon the banks of the Scioto River in
Ohio, killed at the battle of Moraviantown in 18 14. The
name Tecumseh or Tecumseth in the Indian language
signifies " a tiger crouching for its prey ; " others say it
means "crossing over." D. B. Read says that "Tecumseh,
like Brock, fell with his face to the foe, a martyr, as some
believe, to neglect and mismanagement on the part of
Gen. Proctor. The Indians took charge of the body of
their leader and deposited his bones no one knows where.
No stone marks his grave ; no monument his resting
place." Two vessels, built at Chippewa, and called the
Nawash and the Tecumseth, were brought to Penetan
guishene in 1819 and sunk in the harbor there. Occurring
just when it did, this incident may have had something to
do with the selection of the township name, for there is no
probability that Chief Tecumseh ever visited Simcoe
county.

TOSORONTIO TOWNSHIP (1822)

TOSORONTIO is given as a Huron word meaning
" beautiful mountain." Dr. Jones makes it the equivalent
of Tyendenaga, " tied together like a bundle of sticks."

226 NOTHING BUT NAMES

ADJALA TOWNSHIP (1822)

Beneath a leafless tree, ere morn arose.
The slave Adala thus laments his woes :
" Ruffians, proceed, Adala ne'er shall swerve,
Prepare the rack, and strain each aching nerve.
Lift high the scourge, my soul the rack disdains,
I pant for freedom and my native plains." — American Eclogues, 1783.
ACCORDING to current belief, founded on the statement
of a local historian, Adjala was the name of a daughter of
Tecumseh. But Benjamin Drake's " Life of Tecumseh "
(1856) says he had no daughter, and only one son,
Pugeshashenwa — " a panther in the act of seizing its
prey."

ESSA TOWNSHIP (1822)

A LOCAL report says that Essa was a favorite squaw
of Tecumseh. Dr. Jones says the word Essa means
" shame on you." Drake says that Tecumseh was
opposed to polygamy, and was married but once. His
wife Mamate died soon after the birth of her first child,
Pugeshashenwa, who was left to the care of his aunt
Tecumapease. The British Government made an annual
payment to this son, who inherited none of his father's
qualities.

SIMCOE COUNTY 227

INNISFIL TOWNSHIP (1822)

.A.dieu ! — the snowy sail
Swells its bosom to the gale.
And our bark from Innisfail
Bounds away. — Richard D' Alton Jl'illianis.
The township of Innisfil takes its name from Innisfail,
a poetical name for Ireland. It is found in the form of
Innisfail as a station on the Calgary and Edmonton Rail
way. The Courier newspaper in 1834 contained an
advertisement of " lots for sale " in the new town of
Innisfallen, on Shingle Bay, Lake Simcoe ; but Innisfallen,
Innisfail, or Innisfil did not mature into a town, as Orillia
presented better advantages of location.

NOTTAWASAGA TOWNSHIP (1832)

The name of Nottawasaga is from the Algonquin
words Nahdoway or Nahdowa, (the Iroquois) and Saga or
Saghi (outlet of river). Nottawasaga Bay was called
Iroquois Bay until the beginning of this century. The
Iroquois used to come to Georgian Bay by way of that
river, when on the warpath against the .A.lgonquins. The
portion of Nottawasaga township adjacent to Georgian
Bay was at first called Java, and the southern part of the
township was called Merlin. Those names appear on the
maps published in 1828 and 1836.

228 NOTHING BUT NAMES

SUNNIDALE TOWNSHIP (1823)

The name of Sunnidale township is from Sunny Dale,
though it is described by the author of Smith's Canada as
the worst township in the county. He ridicules the name
as inappropriate. The story is that a member of Sir
Peregrine Maitland's staff got lost in the woods and
coming to an inhabited shanty in a sunny dale was
impressed with the surroundings as well as overjoyed at
his deliverance from danger and possible death.

VESPRA TOWNSHIP (1820)

Where the Vesper Star with its silver beam
Glitters o'er the sea wave, and the inountain stream.
— Gentleman's Magazine, 1831.
The name of Vespra township is probably from the
Latin vesper, evening ; Greek, Hesperos, the west.

ORO TOWNSHIP (1820)

Oro, come with me, brown girl, sweet.
And, oh ! I would go through snow and sleet.
— Samuel Ferguson,
Oro is the Spanish word for gold, first applied to Rio
del Oro, a river and settlement on the northwest coast of
Africa, celebrated for its trade in slaves and gold ; and as
it was at first intended to set apart this township, or a

SIMCOE COUNTY 229
portion of it, as a colony for liberated slaves, the African
name of Oro was selected.

ORILLIA TOWNSHIP (1822)

Orilla (pronounced 0-rill-yeh) is the Spanish word
for border, margin, bank of river, shore of sea, and the
town of Orillia overlooks Lake Simcoe. On the latest
map of the Railways and Canals Department, the name of
the town is spelled Orilla. The Indian name for the
locality of Orillia was Me-che-kuh-neeng, meaning narrows
dividing two lakes. In Fothergill's Almanac the name of
this township is Aurelia, which was the name of Julius
Caesar's mother.

MEDONTE TOWNSHIP (1822)

Quos ille omnes longo ordine cernans
Ingemuit, Glaucumque, Medontaque, Thersilochumque,
Tres Antenoridas, Cererique. — J'irgil, Aineid, Lib, vi., line 483.
Dr. Jones says Medonte is a Delaware word, meaning
" Evil Spirit." Mr. John Reade, of Montreal, writes :
" Medonte is situated in one of the most historic parts of
old Canada, once peopled by Indians, and may be a
corruption of some aboriginal name. In Ojibway
' Madonon (nin) ' means ' I carry on my back,' so
that the word might indicate connection with an old
portage." As Medonte lies on the Indian trail from
Orillia to Coldwater, or Matchedash Bay, the Orillia

230 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Packet regards this suggestion as natural. Fothergill
spells the name Medonta.

MACHEDASH TOWNSHIP (1822)

MaCHED.^SH was a name applied to that section of the
country by the Indians. It means muskeg or marshy
land. On Smith's map (179S) the word is spelled
Matadash, though the township was not then laid out. In
Fothergill's .Almanac (1S24) it is spelled ]\Iatchedash.

FLOS, TINY AND TAY TOWNSHIPS (1822)

When up they gat, and shook their lugs.
Rejoiced they were na men but dogs. — The Tzva Dogs, Burns,
O, never was a maiden's look
So fraught with wonder and dismay.
They did not turn to Ila ford.
But downward bore upon the Tay.
— Ballad of King Gregor}'.
These three townships were named after Lad}- Sarah
Maitland's three pet dogs. Dr. Scadding says : " The
town of Belleville received its name from Governor Gore.
'Bell,' we are told, was the Governor's familiar abbrevia
tion of his wife's name .Arabella ; and the compound was
suggested by the Governor jocosel}-, as a name for the new
village ; but it was set down in earnest, and has continued
to this day. This off-hand assignment of a local name
may remind some persons that Flos, Ta}- and Tiny, which
are names of three now populous townships in the

SIMCOE COUNTY 231
Penetanguishene region, are a commemoration of three of
Lady Sarah Maitland's lap-dogs. Changes of names in
such cases as these are not unjustifiable." — Toronto of Old,
p. 362. The same author says that " Lady Sarah
Maitland's distinguished style, native to herself, had its
effect on her contemporaries of the gentler sex in Toronto."
Dr. Kingsford in his history tells at some length the
circumstances of Lady Sarah Lennox's engagement and
marriage in 181 5 to Sir Peregrine Maitland, who was
connected, on his mother's side, with Peregrine Bertie,
Earl of Willoughby and Duke of Ancaster. (See
Willoughby and Grimsthorpe townships). Mr. Dent,
in his " Story of the Upper Canadian Rebellion," gives
a bit of gossip about the jealousies that arose between
Lady Mary Willis, daughter of the Earl of Strathmore
and wife of Mr. Justice Willis, and Lady Sarah Maitland,
daughter of the Duke of Richmond and wife of the
Lieutenant-Governor. The origin of the trouble, which
ended in the dismissal of Judge Willis from his office,
Mr. Dent says, " was a hot dispute between Lady Mary
Willis and Lady Sarah Maitland on a question of rank
and precedence. In this quarrel it is quite clear that
Lady Mary was in the wrong, but the whole affair was
utterly contemptible on both sides. The ladies dragged
their respective liege-lords into the dispute, and each of
the latter espoused the side of his help-meet" Sir
Peregrine Maitland died in 1854, but Lady Sarah, who
was his second wife, survived till September 8, 1873—.-
forty-five years after her departure from Canada. On
the occasion of her death the Bath Chronicle remarked :
" Several noble families are placed in mourning by the
death of Lady Sarah Maitland, daughter of Charles,
fourth Duke of Richmond, and aunt of the Countess of
Bessborough.'' Lady Sarah was born August 22, 1792.

NOTHING BUT NAMES

PEEL COUNTY (1849)

That we trust to Peel, Eldon, and other such sages,
For keeping us still in the same state of mind. — Moore.
This county takes its name from Sir Robert Peel, son
of an English rnanufacturer of the same name and title,
born at Bur}', Lancashire, 1788, died at London, 1S50.
He was first elected to Parliament as a Tory in 1809 for
the Irish borough of Cashel (see Cashel township). In
181 1 he was Under Secretary for the Colonies, in 1S12
Chief Secretary for Ireland. O'Connell attacked him and
was challenged by Peel, but the meeting was prevented.
The Catholics gave Sir Robert the nick-name of Orange
Peel, and the Irish constabulary which he established were
called Peelers. In 18 17 he was returned to Parliament
for Oxford Universit}-, and soon began to w-ork on financial
reforms, the reform of the criminal law, the remodelling of
the London police force, Catholic emancipation, etc. In
1834, on Melbourne's retirement, Peel attempted to form a
Government, but failed. In 1S41 he became first lord of
the treasui'}'. In the next five }-ears he reformed the tariff
on the lines of freer trade, and in 1846 repealed the Corn
Laws. Being threatened with loss of office as a result of
that achievement. Sir Robert Peel said :
" I shall surrender power, sexereh' censured, I fear, by
many honorable men who, from no interested motives,
have adhered to the principles of protection, because they
looked upon them as important to the interests and
welfare of the country. I shall leave a name execrated, I
know, by every monopolist who would maintain protection

PEEL COUNTY 233
for his own individual benefit But it may be that I shall
leave a name sometimes remembered with expressions of
good-will in the abodes of those whose lot it is to labor
and to earn their daily bread by the sweat of their brow,
when they shall recruit their exhausted strength with
abundant and untaxed food, the sweeter because it is no
longer leavened by a sense of injustice."
Sir Robert Peel's death was caused by a fall from his
horse. His wife was a daughter of General Sir John
Floyd. Peel county was included in York county until
the year 1849. It was originally part of the Mississauga
Indian territory.

TORONTO TOWNSHIP (1806)

Where the blue hills of old Toronto shed
Their evening shadows o'er Ontario's bed. — Moore.
One authority says the name Toronto is derived from
Tarento, an Italian engineer, who constructed a fort at or
near the present site of Toronto city.
" Picturesque Canada " calls Toronto an Iroquois word,
a corruption of Teyoyagon, the name applied to Lake
Simcoe, then to the site of Toronto, and for some time to
the site of Port Hope ; then back to Toronto city in York
and Toronto township in Peel county.
Dr. Hough's History of Franklin and St Lawrence
counties says Toronto is from Tho-ron-to-hen, meaning
" timber on the water." Another authority gives De-on-do,
a Mohawk word, meaning "trees in the water."

234 NOTHING BUT NAMES

TORONTO GORE TOWNSHIP (1819)

Same origin as Toronto.

CHINGUACOUSY TOWNSHIP (1819)

This name is Indian, a corruption of Shing-wauk-
ons-e-ka, which means a pinery, a place where young pines
grow. Chinguacose was a Chippewa chief, " The Small
Pine." Shinguacosej "The Small Pine," a Christian
Chippewa, was the father of Shingwauk, after whom the
Church of England school at Ste. Marie was called.
Shinguacose assisted at the taking of Fort Michilimackinac
in 1812, and he died in 1858. "Had Shinguacose been a
white man he would have been decorated and knighted.
His loyalty, as also that of Assikinack, were of manifest
service to the empire. He was given a grant of land near
Ste. Marie, and was presented with several medals which
he never wore." Shinguacose was the son of a Scotch
officer by a Chippewa squaw. His father, who served in
the Detroit garrison, wanted to bring him up as a white
man, but Shinguacose would not leave his Indian mother.

PEEL COUNTY 235

ALBION TOWNSHIP (1819)

'Tis thine at once, fair Albion, to have been
Earth's chief dictatress, ocean's lovely queen.

-Byron,

Albion is an ancient name for England. The three
townships of Albion, Caledon and Erin, in a row, were
doubtless surveyed and named at the same time, after the
three divisions of the United Kingdom.

CALEDON^TOWNSHIP (1819)

Right to devoted Caledon
The storm of war rolls slowly on.
With menace deep and dread.

-Scott.

Caledon is a poetical name for Scotland, the same as
Caledonia. There is a town called Caledon in the county
of Tyrone, Ireland, which gives the title of Earl to the
Alexander family.

236 NOTHING BUT NAMES

DUFFERIN COUNTY (1875)

Glad would I be to sing of Dufferin bright.
That graceful .\riel, full of life and light.
Who late, on slopes Pacific far away
Like to some grand Aurora in full play,
Aired his rare eloquence in such a mood
As charmed the very " stoic of the wood." — Evan MacColl.
This county, composed of townships cut off from
Simcoe and Wellington in 1875, was named in honor of
Governor-General Right Hon. Frederick Temple Black
wood, only son of Price, fourth Baron Dufferin, by Helen
Selina, daughter of Thomas Sheridan ; born at Florence,
Italy, June 24, 1826. He succeeded to his father's title in
1841, and was a lord-in-waiting to Queen Victoria 1854-58.
In 1859 he made a yacht voyage to Iceland and wrote
" Letters from High Latitudes." He was sent to Syria by
Lord Palmerston in i860 to inquire into the massacre of
Christians ; was Under Secretary for India, 1864, Chan
cellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1868, Governor-General
of Canada, 1872-78, when he was succeeded by the Marquis
of Lome. In 1879 Lord Dufferin was appointed Ambas
sador to St. Petersburg ; in 1S81 he was transferred to
Constantinople, in 1882 to Cairo, in 1884 was Viceroy of
India, in 1888 Ambassador to Rome, and in 1892 was given
charge of the BritisR legation in Paris, which position he
resigned on attaining his 70th year. Lord Dufferin was
made an Earl of the United Kingdom in 1871, Marquis
of Dufferin and .Ava in 1888. He married, in 1862,
Harriet, eldest daughter of Captain Archibald Rowan

DUFFERIN COUNTY 237
Hamilton, of Killyleagh Castle, County Down, Ireland.
During his sojourn in Canada, Lord Dufferin was very
popular, not only on account of his lavish entertainments,
but because he was an adept at flattering the people in
his speeches.

GARAFRAXA TOWNSHIP, EAST (1821)

Where the sassafras blooms, and the blue-bell is born,
And the wild rhododendron first reddens at morn.
— Owen Meredith.
The origin of this name is obscure. A correspondent
of the Guelph Mercury was told by Mr. Gibson, of Gara,
that it was so called from sassafras, a small herb that was
very plentiful when the township was being surveyed in
1 82 1 by Samuel Ryckman, of Hamilton. Others say it is
from an Indian word, others that the township was
named from an old Irish family or estate. A native of
the township had heard that the word Garafraxa means
" the panther country," or the place where there are
panthers ; and that the whole district between the Saugeen
Trail — now the line of the Wellington, Grey and Bruce
Railway — and the Toronto Trail — now the line of the
Toronto and Sydenham road — was called by the Indians
Garafraxa. Townships were surveyed from all sides, and
at last there was left only the gore, which is now East
and West Garafraxa, and to this part the name of the
district was attached. In corroboration of this theory, the
Owen Sound road, which runs through the middle of the
district, was called the Garafraxa Road by all the old
settlers.

NOTHING BUT NAMES

LUTHER TOWNSHIP, EAST (1821)
I preached no toreign doctrine to my wit'e,
\i\d never mentioned Luther in my life. — George Crabbe.
This township was named after Martin Luther, the
leader of the German Reformation, born in Eisleben,
Prussian Saxon}-, 14S3, died 1546. His father was a poor
miner. Luther went to school and college, entered the
Augustinian convent at Erfurt in 1505, became a religious
controversialist, was excommunicated b}- Pope Leo X. in
1520, burned the bull of excommunication, was summoned
before the Diet of Worms where he maintained his
doctrines and refused to retract, and established the
Protestant religion. In 1525 he married Catharine \on
Bora " to please his father, to tease the pope and to ve.x
the devil." " .A lion in public life, he was a lamb at home.
He was eminently social in his disposition, a great lover
of poetry and music, an affectionate husband and father."
A correspondent gives the following account of the naming
of Luther and Melancthon townships, which he had from
a man who assisted to siirve}- them. He said the surve}-or
first ran lines around these townships and filled in the
interior with the legend " All Swamp." The plans were
sent back and he was ordered to surve}- the townships into
farm lots. Having done so, he said that as it was the
meanest tract of land he had ever surve}'ed, he would name
the countr}- after the meanest men he had ever heard of,
so, being a Roman Catholic, he called the one township
Luther and the other Melancthon township. On Walton
and Ga}-lord's map (1S36) all the land west of Luther and
north of McKillop was unsurve}-ed and marked Indian
territor}'.

DUFFERIN COUNTY 239

AMARANTH TOWNSHIP (1821)

I slew the gyant Amarant,
In battel fierceiye hand to hand. — Legend of Sir Guy.
Amarantha, sweet and fair,
O braid no more that shining hair !
Let it fly, as unconfined.
As its calm ravi.sher, the wind. — Colonel Lovelace.
And to the Law, that guides us, I shall say,
" Let cease for me the song of spheres that roll below ;
Let me not know the fragrant Amaranth, I pray.
Let me forget the swinging stars ; " and so
I .shall sit there a very little while.
— Flavian Rosser, in Collier's Weekly.
Amaranth is called from a plant, or family of plants,
described as '' annual weeds, of coarse aspect, with small
green or purplish flowers.'' The name is compounded of
the Greek " a,'' privative, " maraino," to fade, and " anthos,"
flower, because the dry calyx and bracts do not wither.
The Prince's Feather, the Pigweed and Love-lies-Bleeding
are varieties of the Amaranth.

MONO TOWNSHIP (1821)

This name may have been given by Sir Peregrine
Maitland, Mono being the Spanish word meaning monkey,
just as he named Oso, the bear, Zorra, the she fox, and
Lobo, the wolf The residents apparently prefer to derive
it from Mona, a daughter of Tecumseth. There is another,

240 NOTHING BUT NAMES
and newer township in Ontario called Mona, which is the
Roman name for the Island of Anglesea, Wales. If Drake
fs correct, and Tecumseth never had a daughter (see
Adjala township), the Spanish derivation must stand,
unless the reader prefers to derive Mono from the Indian
word ]Mah-noo, meaning " let it be so," or from Monon, the
" Little Iron Wood Tree," a squaw concerning whom
Schoolcraft tells an interesting story.

MEL.ANCTHON TOWNSHIP (1821)

But I, the mildest, meekest of mankind,
Like Moses, or ilelancthon, who have ne'er
Done anything exceedingly unkind. — Don Juan.
This township was named after Philip Melanchthon,
the second leader of the Lutheran Reformation, born in
Bretten in the Lower Palatinate, Baden, 1497, died 1560.
His family name was Schwarzerd (black earth) but his
uncle translated it into the corresponding Greek Melanch
thon, sometimes written Melanthon, and incorrectly
Melancthon. " Greatly Luther's inferior in strength of
intellect and will, he surpassed him in scholarship and
moderation of spirit. He reduced the new ideas to order
and system, and commended them to literar}- men, while
Luther powerfully impressed them upon the people."

MULMUR TOWNSHIP (1822)

The Reeve of Mulmur says it is generally supposed
that this township was named after a son of Tecumseth.

DUFFERIN COUNTY 241
The supposition is probably wrong, as Tecumseth had no son
of that name, but the true origin is forgotten. The nearest
approach to the name is Maolmura, of Fathan, an Irish poet
who wrote in 844, and whose poems are preserved in the
Leabhar Ghabhaltus, or Book of Invasions, an old histori
cal record, a copy of which, transcribed in the twelfth
century from a more ancient manuscript, is now in the
Buckingham Librar}' at Stowe. These poems are written
in the Bearla Feni, or Fenian, dialect, and are accompanied
by a glossary which is in itself so ancient as to be almost
unintelligible to a modern Irish scholar. The longest of
these fragments is written in Conaclon verse, contains a
description of the " beautiful shores of Ireland, fertile, sea-
surrounded, with fruitful, spreading hills and wide, drooping
forests, with showery falling rivers and overflowing lakes,
with tall ships and lordly cities, with noble princes and
valiant armies," and concludes by wishing that the author
and his companions may find comfort and delight while
dwelling there. Senator Allan, of Toronto, says he has
always regarded Mulmur as an Indian name, or a corrup
tion of an Indian name.

242 NOTHING BUT NAMES

HALTON COUNTY (1816)

This county was named after Major William Halton,
who was Secretary to Mr. Francis Gore, Lieutenant-
Governor of Upper Canada 1806-11 and 181 5-17. After
his return to England Mr. Halton acted as agent for
Upper Canada, and was engaged in editing the manuscript
journals of the Province. In a letter from Gore to Goul- _
burn. Sept 28, 1821, announcing Halton's death, the
ex-Governor said that the Assembly of Upper Canada
had desired to annul Halton's appointment, but the Senate
would not concur. " Now, during a vacancy, the office
will probably be abolished." Gore also wrote to Maitland
(Jan. 1822) respecting the journals of Council and
Assembly left in the hands of Halton's family, and stating
that Halton's heirs had offered to pay over the money Mr.
Halton had applicable to the journals. The present
County of Halton was originally included in York and
was part of the Indian Reserve. But when Halton County
was first constituted, it included, besides its present limits,
North Wentworth, North Brant, Wellington and Waterloo.
By the Union Act of 1840, the county of Halton was
divided into two ridings, the East Riding consisting of the
townships of Trafalgar, Nelson, Esquesing, Nassagaweya,
East and West Flamborough, " Ering " and Beverley, the
west riding consisting .of Garafraxa, Nichol, Woolwich,
Guelph, Waterloo, Wilmot, Dumfries, Puslinch, Eramosa,
each riding to elect one member. The word Halton signi
fies a town upon a hill. Of the twelve villages in England
bearing the name of Halton, the one in Cheshire has the

HALTON COUNTY 243
most interesting history. It was part of the Barony of
Nigel, to whom it was given by Hugh Lupus to be held
by the service of leading the Cheshire army into Wales,
whenever it should be necessary. It now constitutes a
part of the Duchy of Lancaster. Halton Castle was a
favorite hunting seat of John of Gaunt. It was entirely
demolished during the civil wars in the reign of Charles I.,
and has ever since remained in ruins.

TRAFALGAR TOWNSHIP (1806)

We now saw the enemy bearing ahead.
And to east of them Cape Trafalgar, it was said.
'Tis a name we remember, from father to son,
That the days of old England may never be done.
— Henry JVe-zvbolt.
These are thy toys, and, as the snowy flake.
They melt into thy yeast of waves, which mar
Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar. — Childe Harold.
This township is named after' Cape Trafalgar, the
ancient Promontorium Junonis, a headland on the coast
of Cadiz, Spain. It is memorable for the naval battle
fought near it, Oct 21, 1805, between the English, under
Nelson, and the combined fleets of France and Spain.
The English gained a complete victory, though with the
loss of their commander. The land included in Trafalgar
and Nelson townships was purchased from the Indians,
surveyed and opened for settlement just at the time when
the world was ringing with praises of Nelson and
Trafalgar.

244 NOTHING BUT NAMES

NELSON TOWNSHIP (1806)

Frenchmen, no more with Britons vie, —
Nelson destroys your naval band.
Sees your designs with half an eye
And fights and beats you with one hand.

—John Wolcot.

Nelson was once Britannia's god of war,
And still should be so, but the tide is turned ;
There's no more to be said of Trafalgar,
'Tis with our hero quietly inurn'd. — Don Juan.
The township was named after Horatio, Viscount
Nelson of the Nile and Duke of Bronte in Italy, born at
Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk county, England, 1758, killed
at the battle of Trafalgar, 1805. He was the son of Rev.
Edmund Nelson and on his mother's side he was related
to the Walpoles, Cholmondelys and Townshends. He
went to sea at the age of twelve, and after a voyage to the
Arctic in search of the Northwest Passage he sailed for the
East Indies. In 1777 he was cruising against the Ameri
cans. In 1779 he was appointed to the command of the
Hinchinbroke. (See Hinchinbroke township). When the
war with France broke out he was nominated to the
Agamemnon, and was present at the taking of Toulon,
Bastia and Elba. He lost an eye at Calvi and his right
arm at Teneriffe. Nelson won the battle of St. Vincent,
under Sir John Jervis, in 1797 ; the battle of the Nile
in 1798 ; the battle of Copenhagen in 1801, and fell in the
battle of Trafalgar, Oct 21st, 1805. After his death,
British seamen going into battle sometimes used the signal
" Remember Nelson " (suggestive of the Yankee " Remem
ber the Maine "), and his own last signal, " England

HALTON COUNTY 245
expects every man to do his duty," is commemorated in a
song which is still popular.
There is a pretty romance which gives Nelson's
memory a sentimental interest in Canada. During his
service at Quebec in 1782, when he was but twenty-four
years of age, he became infatuated with a beautiful
Canadian girl, Mary Simpson. At the time of Nelson's •
visit she was but sixteen years old, marvellously beautiful
and witty. On Oct 14, 1782, Lord Nelson's ship, the
Albemarle, had to leave Quebec, and Miss Simpson died
in spinsterhood, her lover finding a wife at another port.

NASSAGAWEYA TOWNSHIP (1819).

This name is from an Indian word, Na-zhe-sah-ge-
way-yong, meaning '" a river with two outlets."

ESQUESING TOWNSHIP (1819).

This is also Indian, meaning "that which lies at the
end." Dr. P. E. Jones (Kah-ke-wa-quo-na-by) spells it
Ash-qua-sing.

246 NOTHING BUT NAMES

WELLINGTON COUNTY (1851)

Twas .'Arthur, Duke of Wellington,
Who in that chariot sat.
All in his martial cloak, and in
His proudly-plumed cocked hat.

-Punch.

The work was done, and Wellington his savior-sword laid by.
And now, in grief, to mourn our Chief — the flag is half-mast high.
— Samtcel Lover,
This county was named after Arthur Wellesle}', Duke
of Wellington, born either at Dangan Castle, County of
Meath, or at Dublin, Ireland, 1769 ; died at Walmer
Castle, near Deal, England, September 14, 185 1. He was
the fourth son of Garret, first Earl of Mornington, and his
mother was Anne, daughter of Arthur Hill, \^iscount
Dungannon. He received his commission as ensign in the
73rd regiment in 1787, and entered the Irish Parliament
as member for Trim in 1790. In 1794 he served under
Lord Moira in the Duke of York's unfortunate campaign
in Flanders. In 1797 he went to India with his regiment,
and in 1798 his brother Richard, Earl of Mornington,
became Governor-General of that country. He fought in
the Indian wars with distinction, returning to England in
1805. In 1806 he entered Parliament for the borough of
Rye, and was married to Catharine, daughter of the Earl
of Longford. He was Chief Secretary for Ireland in the
short Portland Government. In 1808 he went to Portugal
to conduct the famous Peninsular campaign, where he won
the title of Baron Douro of Wellesley and Viscount Wel
lington of Talavera and of Wellington in the County of

WELLINGTON COUNTY 247
Somerset. The town of Wellington, from which the title
is taken, is on the road from Bath to Exeter. Near the
town is a magnificent pillar, erected by voluntary contri
butions, in commemoration of the victory at Waterloo.
After the decisive battle of Waterloo in Belgium in
181 5, Wellington became Master General of Ordnance,
with a seat in the Cabinet He had a long political
career, with alternations of popularity and the reverse,
such questions as Catholic Emancipation and the Reform
Bill causing very intense feeling throughout the country.
His death was caused by apoplexy, and the public grief at
the event was most profound. All the Duke's unpopular
acts were forgotten ; only his services were remembered.
.A magnificent public funeral followed his remains to St.
Paul's Cathedral, where they were interred.

PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP (1835)

Dear Poet of the Puslinch Lake,
You rove through youth's bright glades and dells ;
And gather from each shady brake
Life's rare, sweet flowers — Heart Immortelles. — Donald McCaig.
The name Puslinch is taken from the place in
Devonshire where Governor Colborne got his wife. "Lord
Seaton married in 18 14 the eldest daughter of James
Yonge, Esq., of Puslinch, Devon." — -Morgan's Celebrated
Canadians.

248 NOTHING BUT NAMES

GUELPH TOWNSHIP (1827)

Ere heaven shall ope her portals to this Guelph,
While I am guard, may I be damn'd myself.
— The Vision of Judgment,
The township takes its name from the city of Guelph,
the county town of Wellington, which was named in honor
of the Royal House of Brunswick. Guelph or Welf is a
baptismal name in several German families, but more
particularly known in a line of princes originally Italian,
and traced to the ninth century. They emigrated to
Germany in the eleventh century. Mr. John Gait,
Secretary of the Canada Company, father of Sir A. T.
Gait and Sir Thomas Gait, wrote an account of the
naming of the future city of Guelph in Wellington county.
He and Dr. Dunlop in April, 1827, walked from Gait
through the rain to the site chosen for Guelph, losing their
way en route. They had a large maple tree cut down,
and the doctor producing a flask of whiskey, they drank
prosperity to the City of Guelph. "The name was chosen
in compliment to the Royal Family, both because I
thought it auspicious in itself, and because I could not
recollect that it had ever been used before in all the King's
dominions." Mr. Gait then secured three acres of land
from the Government on the north side of Burlington
canal, intending to erect store-houses there, to ship the
wheat which he proposed to take in payment for land.
But his directors were displeased at his spending money
for a road, and they ordered him to change the name of
his "city" from Guelph to Goderich. To get over that, he
called another town on Lake Huron by the name of

WELLINGTON COUNTY 249
Goderich. The directors being still dissatisfied, "I wrote
back that the name of the place was not a thing I cared
two straws about, but as it had been the scene of legal
transactions, it was necessary to get an Act of the
Provincial Parliament before the change could be made.
and that therefore if the court would send me the preamble
for a bill, I would lose no time in applying for it. I heard
nothing more on the subject, and thus a most contemptible
controversy ended ; but I cannot yet imagine how a
number of grave and most intelligent merchants ever
troubled their heads about such a matter.'' It is said that
the town plan, applicable to Guelph, situated inland, was
sent to Goderich, situated on the lake shore ; and to
follow it out, half the present town of Goderich would
need to be under the waters of Lake Huron.

ERAMOSA TOWNSHIP (1822)

For the Earl of Eramosa is a bull of high renown ;
He was booked for exhibition in the great Toronto town.
— The Khan's Canticles.
The same correspondent who tells the story of the
surveyor naming Luther and Melancthon townships after
the "two meanest men" says that he heard that the name
of Eramosa was given by the wife of one of the first
settlers, who asked the surveyor who laid out the township
to call it Eramosa because most of the townships had ugly
names, and she would like theirs to have a pretty one.
An "old Eramosa boy" writes that they were taught at
school to regard the name as of Indian origin, and to mean
a Dea'd Dog, arising in this way : "When the surveyors
entered the township to perform their work of surveying.

250 NOTHING BUT NAMES
they came upon a dead dog, the Indian term for which is
Eramosa, and therefore the township was thus named.
Of course we admit that this is not a very dignified
appellation for such a fine township, especially when
compared with the distinguished title of the county of
which it forms a part, as well as the townships with which it
is surrounded. Be this as it may, the township of Eramosa
has always been considered as holding a first place among
the other townships of the county." Dr. P. E. Jones
translates Eramosa (Un-ne-mo-sah) "dog," without any
adjective to designate the canine's condition.

ERIN TOWNSHIP (1820)

Joy to thee, Erin, daughter of the sea.
Thy night departs — a weary night for thee. — Evan MacColl.
Erin is an ancient name for Ireland. The native
name is Ir, Eri and Erin. Strabo named the island lerne.
The name Erin is now used poetically. (See Albion).

PILKINGTON TOWNSHIP (1851)

Such wine the drawer will not fail to swear
Was drunk by Pilkington when third time Mayor. —Swift.
The name of Pilkington was given in honor of General
Pilkington, who owned 20,ooo acres of land there. As
Lieutenant Pilkington, a Royal Engineer, he is mentioned
in the Canadian Archives as having been recommended
by Governor Simcoe in 1796 to ascertain a boundary line.

WELLINGTON COUNTY 251
Thomas G. Ridout wrote from London, England, to his
father in Canada in 181 1 : "I was at Woolwich and
Deptford the other day and went to Colonel Pilkington's
house ; unluckily, he was in London. Mrs. Pilkington
says Mr. D. W. Smith (see Smith township) is married to
her sister." Lady Edgar, in " Ten Years of Upper
Canada," quoting this letter, says, "The Colonel Pilk
ington of this letter is another familiar name in the early
annals of Upper Canada. In the Duke de Rochefoucauld's
diary, he is mentioned as a young officer of the Engineers,
stationed then (1795) at Fort Niagara." In the Archives
there is mention of a letter dated July 31, 181 1,
from Robert Pilkington, Lt.-Col. Royal Engineers, to
Right Hon. S. Perceval, enclosing his proposal to raise a
corps of Highland emigrants for the service of Canada.
In a letter dated 1812, Mr. Ridout wrote : "Colonel
Pilkington wishes to go out to Canada. He says it is the
finest country he ever saw." Smith's Canada (185 1) says :
" On the northwestern side of the township (Woolwich),
adjoining Nichol, is a tract of land called the ' Pilkington
Block,' belonging to the estate of the late General
Pilkington. It contains about 20,000 acres, and it is in
contemplation to separate it from Woolwich and to annex
Elora to it." An Act of Parliament to that effect was
passed in 185 1.

NICHOL TOWNSHIP (1822)

Nichol, the sympathetic tear shall flow,
From all that knew thee, and from all who know.
—Rev. J. L. Alexander,
The name of Nichol township was given in honor of
the gallant Colonel Nichol, who won a gold medal for

252 NOTHING BUT NAMES
conduct at the capture of Detroit under Brock, and who
was killed in 1824 by driving over a cliff near Queenston
on a stormy night. " He was indeed a man of rare
endowments, and, in private life, as amiable as his public
career was brilliant." For his services in the war of
18 12-14 Colonel Nichol enjoyed a pension equal to a
Lieutenant-Colonel's half pay. He was a member of the
House of Assembly, and " though frequently in opposition
to the measures of the Government, he never forfeited the
respect and esteem of His Majesty's representative,"
though the Archives show that in 1819 Maitland inquired
whether Nichol's pension was compatible with his avowed
opposition to the Government.

GARAFRAXA TOWNSHIP, WEST (1821)

For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being
Ever yet was bless'd with seeing bird or beast, or stone or stick.
By daylight, moonlight, starlight, gaslight, lamp or candle waxy,
With such a name as Garafraxa. — Erie .ivemie Poet's Raving.
See Garafraxa East.

PEEL TOWNSHIP (1835)

As a "bob " is a shilling, and Peel means to rob
By a shilling corn duty, let's name him Sir Bob.
— Sir E. L. Buhver
See Peel County.

WELLINGTON COUNTY 253

MARYBOROUGH TOWNSHIP (1840)

This township was named after William Wellesley-
Pole, third Earl of Mornington, first Baron Maryborough,
of Maryborough, Queen's county, Ireland, a brother of
the Duke of Wellington, born 1763, died 1845. He was
Postmaster-General for four months in 1835, after King
William IV. had abruptly dismissed Lord Melbourne and
his colleagues. Lord Maryborough succeeded his brother
Richard as Earl of Mornington in 1842 ; he assumed the
additional surname of Pole in 1778. His daughter. Lady
Mary Charlotte Anne, was married to Sir Charles Bagot
(see Bagot township) ; another daughter. Lady Emily
Harriet, was the wife of Field Marshal Sir Fitzroy James
Henry, first Lord Raglan, the Crimean General (see
Raglan township), whom she married in 18 14.

MINTO TOWNSHIP (1840)

On Minto crags the moon-beams glint,
Where Barnhill hew'd his bed of flint.
— Lay of the Last Minstrel,
This township was named after Sir Gilbert Eliot, Earl
of Minto and Viscount Melgund, born 175 1, died 1814,
and buried in Westminster Abbey. He entered Parlia
ment in 1777 for the county of Roxburgh, was Viceroy of
Corsica 1795-97, envoy-extraordinary to Vienna 1799,
President of the Board of Control of India 1806, Governor-
General of Bengal 1807-13, when he was succeeded hy the

254 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Earl of Moira (see Hastings county). Lord Minto
governed India with forbearance and moderation. He
found the internal administration of the country in
discreditable disorder, and by showing that other than
political and military merit could earn reward he inspired
the magistracy with a spirit which did much to abate the
evils that had grown up under his predecessors. His son
Gilbert was first lord of the admiralty in the Melbourne
Government 1835-41. Near Minto House, the Earl's
residence in Roxburghshire, are Minto crags, a romantic
assemblage of cliffs which rise suddenl}^ above the \ale of
Teviot. .A. small platform on a projecting crag is termed
Barnhill's Bed. Beneath the rocks are remains of a strong
tower. This Barnhill is said to have been a robber or
outlaw. On Jul}- 25, 1898, the news arrived in Canada that
Gilbert John Elliot, fourth Earl of Minto, born 1845, had
been chosen to succeed the Earl of Aberdeen as Governor-
General of Canada. He succeeded his father in the
Earldom in 1891. Lord Minto has had a distinguished
military career in Afghanistan and Egypt, and he also
served under Major-General Middleton in the Canadian
Rebellion of 1885. Lord Minto married in 1883 Miss
Mary Caroline Gre}-, youngest daughter of the late Gen.
Grey, and sister of Mr. Albert Grey, the member for
Northumberland. The marriage took place in St.
Margaret's Church, Westminster, and Archdeacon Farrar
was the officiating clergyman. Among the givers of
wedding presents were the Queen and several members of
the royal family. Lord Minto took office in November,
1898.

WELLINGTON COUNTY 255

ARTHUR TOWNSHIP (1835)

They found a naked child upon the sands
Of dark Tintagel, by the Cornish sea.
And that was Arthur.

-Tennyson.

Nay, sure, he's not in hell ; He's in Arthur's bosom, if ever man
went to Arthur's bosom. — King Henry V,
This township was named in honor of Arthur Welles
ley, Duke of Wellington. (See Wellington county).

LUTHER TOWNSHIP, WEST (1821)

See Luther Township, East.

256 NOTHING BUT NAMES

WATERLOO COUNTY (1849)

And Harold stands upon this place of skulls.
The grave of France, the deadly Waterloo.

-Byron.

This county is named after the great battle fought
between the French under Napoleon and the English and
their allies under Wellington, June i8, 1815, in which the
latter were victorious. On the 17th, "having received a
promise from the Prussian general (Blucher) to march to
his assistance, Wellington determined to halt, and to give
battle to the French Emperor in the position, which from
a village in its neighborhood has received the ever
memorable name of the field of Waterloo. The strength
of the army under the Duke of Wellington at Waterloo
was 49,608 infantry, 12,402 cavalry, and 5,645 artillery
men, with 156 guns. But of this total of 67,655 men,
scarcely 24,000 were British. Napoleon's arm}' at
Waterloo consisted of 48,950 infantry, 15,765 cavalry,
7,232 artillery men, being a total of 71,947 men and 246
guns. The field of the battle of Waterloo was a valley
between two and three miles long, of various breadths at
different points, but generally not exceeding half a mile.
The English army was posted on the northern, and the
French army occupied the southern ridge. Never was
the issue of a single battle looked forward to as involving
consequences of such vast importance — of such universal
influence." — CREASY.
Waterloo county was formed out of parts of the
counties of Halton and Simcoe, under the name of the
Wellington district, on April 20, 1838, and in order to

WATERLOO COUNTY 257
expedite the settling of the new townships, a line of road
was surveyed from the township of Nichol to Owen Sound ;
the land lying on the road was laid out in fifty-acre lots,
and these were given away to actual settlers, with the
privilege of purchasing the fifty acres behind. As
constituted when Smith's Canada was published (185 1),
Waterloo county contained, outside of its present limits,
the whole of Wellington county ; Amaranth and Melanc
thon townships now in Dufferin and nine townships now
belonging to the county of Grey. Waterloo county was
over ninety miles from north to south, and from twenty to
forty miles from east to west It was bounded on the
north by Georgian Bay and on the south by the present
counties of Halton, Wentworth, Brant and Oxford.

DUMFRIES TOWNSHIP, NORTH (1816)

There was horsing, horsing in haste.
And there was marching upon the lea.
Until they cam to Dumfries port.
And they lighted those right speedilie. — Archie of C a' field.
Who will not sing, " God save the King,"
Shall hang as high's the steeple ;
But while we sing, " God save the King,"
We'll ne'er forget the people. — The Dumfries Volunteers, Burns.
This township took its name from the town of Dum
fries, on the river Nith, in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, where
Bruce in 1306 assembled the Scottish nobles to deliberate
on his project of gaining the throne of Scotland, and
where Robert Burns lived and was buried. Dumfries was
made a royal burgh in the thirteenth century. "In 18 16

258 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Hon. William Dickson, of Niagara, purchased 90,000 acres
of land on the Grand River, comprising the township,
which he named Dumfries, after his native town in
Scotland. At Mr. Dickson's request the post-office of this
new settlement was named Gait, after his early friend and
schoolmate in Edinburgh."

WATERLOO TOWNSHIP (1817)

See Waterloo county.

WILMOT TOWNSHIP (1825)

With doubtful strife Humanity and Art
For conquest vie in Wilmot's head and heart.
— William Duncombe.
This township may have been named after Major
Samuel Street Wilmot, son of Captain Samuel Wilmot,
a U. E. Loyalist who settled in New Brunswick at the
close of the Revolution. Major Wilmot was born in
1774. When a young man he went from New Bruns
wick to the United States and coming thence to Canada
he engaged in business as a surveyor. His name is on
the official list of deputy surveyors of Upper Canada in
181 1. He married in 1798 Mary Stegmann, daughter of
an ex-officer who also practised surveying in Upper
Canada. Mr. Wilmot's name is frequently mentioned in
connection with the surveys of townships and villages.
Dr. Canniff says that he laid out the village of Belleville
in 1 8 16. He took part in the war of 181 2 as Colonel of a

WATERLOO COUNTY 259
volunteer regiment. Afterwards he represented the
Newcastle district in the Provincial Parliament, and he
was selected by the Government to inspect and value the
Crown and Clergy lands. Mr. Wilmot died at Belmont
Farm, Clarke township, in 1856. His son, Samuel
Wilmot, born in Durham county, 1822, was educated at
Upper Canada College. He became famous as an e.xpert
in the artificial breeding of fish, and under the patronage
of the Dominion Government he established fish hatcheries
at various points in the several provinces of Canada. Mr.
Wilmot married a sister of Judge Clark, of Cobourg, now
solicitor for the Canadian Pacific Railway. There was
also a Mr. R. J. Wilmot, Private Secretary to Lord
Liverpool in 18 10, who entered Parliament, and when
Secretary for the Colonies introduced the Bill into the
Commons to carry out the sale of Clergy Reserve lands to
the Canada Company. He succeeded Mr. Goulbourn in
office. The Archives of 1897 refer to much of his
correspondence on Canadian affairs. He was in office
when this township was named, and it may have been
named in honor of the Colonial Secretary instead of the
Canadian surveyor. John Wilmot, M.P. for Coventry,
voted for the Canada Bill in 1791.

WOOLWICH TOWNSHIP (1822)

The shrinking Bard adown an alley skulks,
.A.nd dreads a meeting worse than Woolwich hulks. — Burns.
This township is named after Woolwich, in Kent,
England, noted for its royal dockyard and naval arsenal,
situated on the southern bank of the Thames. The dock

26o NOTHING BUT NAMES
was constructed in the reign of Henry VIII. and improved
under Elizabeth. In the reign of George I. a foundry for
cannon was erected on Woolwich Warren. The institution
of the Royal Military Academy in 1741, and other
establishments connected with the army and navy, made
Woolwich very prosperous. Woolwich is encompassed by
chalk cliffs, and great quantities of the chalk are used for
lime and manure. The vessel which carried naval stores
to Canada in 181 3 was called the "Woolwich."

WELLESLEY TOWNSHIP (1840)

There may you read, with spectacles on eyes.
How many Wellesleys did embark for Spain,
As if therein they meant to colonize,
How many troops y-crossed the laughing main.
— Childe Harold, original MS.
This township was called after Richard Wellesley,
Marquis of Wellesley, of Norragh, second Earl of Morning
ton, Viscount Wellesley of Dangan Castle, and Baron
Wellesley, of Wellesley, Somersetshire, the eldest brother
of the Duke of Wellington ; born 1760, died 1842. He was
a Lord of the Treasury, 1787 ; Governor-General of India
1798-1805, when he defeated Sultan Tippoo and destroyed
the empire of Mysore ; Ambassador to the central junta of
Spain in 1809; Secretary for Foreign Affairs 1809-12,
and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1821, when he undertook
to stop the irritating Orange processions and to reform the
magistracy. The Marquis was twice married, but his title
went to his brother William. (See Maryborough and
Wellington). There were four brothers of this family in
the House of Lords at one time — Wellesley, Maryborough,
Wellington and Henry, Lord Cowley.

WENTWORTH COUNTY 261

WENTWORTH COUNTY (1816)

And on the walls, in heavy gilded frames.
The ancestral Wentworths with Old-Scripture names. — Longfellow.
But when our loyal Wentworth deigns to ride,
(The Sovereign's fav'rite and the subjects pride),
.\round his chariot crowding numbers throng.
And hail his virtues as he moves along ;
Such high respect shall be conferred on him
The King delights to honor and esteem.
Whose loyalty unshaken, spotless fame,
And social virtues shall endear his name
In every loyal bosom, long to live.
As our lov'd monarch's representative.
— From a Nova Scotia newspaper in i'7g$.
Wentworth county gets its name from Sir John
Wentworth, Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia, 1792-
1808, an intimate friend of Mr. William Jarvis, of Toronto,
Provincial Secretary and Registrar of Upper Canada, and
Grand Master of the Free Masons, who, like the Duke of
Kent, got his charter from the Duke of Athol. The
portion of Wentworth county north of Burlington Bay and
the Desjardins Canal belonged originally to York county,
and later to Halton county. The southern portion of the
pi-esent county of Wentworth was a part of Lincoln
county, and appears in that connection on D. W. Smith's
map of 1798. " The ancient and honorable family of
Wentworth," says Thoresby in his History of Leeds,
" which for six hundred years hath borne the honor of
knighthood, had its chief seat for many ages at Wentworth
Woodhouse," whence the Wentworths spread to other
parts of England and of the world. Thoresby gives two

262 I^OTHING BUT NAMES
pedigrees of the Wentworth family. One of them includes
Robert de Wentworth, living in the reign of Henry III.,
who married Emma, daughter and heiress of the ancient
family of Woodhouse, from whom descended Sir Thomas
Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, beheaded in 1641. The
other branch leads to William \\ entworth, who emigrated
to Boston in 1628 and removed to New Hampshire.
His grandson John Wentworth, Lieutenant-Governor of
New Hampshire, had eighteen children, of whom Benning
Wentworth, the eldest, became Governor of the Province.
He died without issue, and his estates went to his nephew,
John Wentworth, who married his cousin. John Went
worth had been surveyor-general of the King's woods in
North America, and on the death of his uncle he succeeded
to the Governorship of New Hampshire. On Jul}- 5,
1820, Dalhousie wrote to Bathurst, suggesting that, con
sequent on the death of Wentworth, the office of Surveyor
of Woods in North America might be made separate for
each Province. The Acadian Recorder in its "Reminis
cences" says: "From about twenty-five years after the
settlement of Halifax until 1820 no name was more
familiar in Nova Scotia, and no man was more prominent
in state affairs, than John Wentworth. In the old
Colonial days he was Governor of New Hampshire.
When the American revolution put an end to British rule
in the older colonies he retired to Nova Scotia and
assumed here the position of surveyor of the woods and
forests. In 1792 he was appointed Lieutenant-Governor
of the Province. In 1800 Governor Wentworth, now Sir
John Wentworth, laid the corner stone of the new
Government House (that which is still used as such). In
1808 he retired from the Governorship, the Legislature, at
the same time, passing an act imposing an additional duty
of sixpence a gallon on all wines imported and consumed

WENTWORTH COUNTY 263
in the province — from which duty ;£'500 sterling per
annum was to be paid as a pension for life to Sir John
Wentworth. On the 8th of April, 1820, Sir John died at
Halifax at his apartments in Hollis street In 1798 Lady
Wentworth went to England on a visit, and while there
was presented at Court to the King and Queen by the
Countess Fitzwilliam, one of the Wentworth family. It is
said that she was admired by Queen Charlotte for her
elegance and manners, and received the appointment of
a lady-in-waiting with permission to reside abroad and
receive ^^500 a year salary. She died at Sunning Hall in
Berkshire, England, in 18 13, in the sixty-eighth year of
her age." They left one son, who bore the peculiar name
of Charles Mary Wentworth. On the death of his father
he succeeded to the baronetcy. At his death, unmarried,
the title became extinct. By his will, he gave the old
villa and grounds on Bedford Basin, the property so well
known as the "Prince's Lodge," to Mrs. Gore, the novelist,
who was a distant relative of his family. It is further
mentioned that John Wentworth got his appointment as
Governor of New Hampshire from Charles Watson
Wentworth, Marquis of Rockingham, whom he visited in
England, and it is interesting to note that the Marquis of
Rockingham's superb mansion in Cambridge, erected in
1750, was called Wentworth House. Thomas Noel,
Viscount Wentworth, was an uncle of Miss Milbanke,
Lord Byron's wife, who inherited his estates in 181 5, her
mother, wife of Sir Ralph Milbanke, becoming Baroness
Wentworth. Upon her death in 1822, this title lay in
abeyance between Lady Byron and her cousin the Earl of
Scarsdale, upon whose death in 1856 Lady Byron became
Baroness Wentworth.

264 NOTHING BUT NAMES

FLAMBOROUGH TOWNSHIP, EAST AND WEST
(•79-')

Where Lake Ontario lays its stately head
In the broad lap of hills, that stretch awaj-
To the long slopes of Flamboro', forest-clad
With oak and beech, and manv a spinv pine. — W. Kirby.
These townships are named after the ancient town of
Flamborough in England, situated in a hollow near the
centre of the promontory on the Yorkshire coast. The
name is derived by Camden from the flame of a watch
tower ; b}- others from the town of Flansburg in Angloen
of the Jutes. Harold, the last of the Saxon Kings of
England, possessed the manor ; after the Conquest it was
given to William le Gros, who founded Scarborough
Castle, and in later times it belonged to the Constable
family. In summer the cliffs of Flamborough Head are
the breeding place of myriads of sea fowl. The beacon
has three revolving faces, each of seven reflectors, and one
painted red, thus distinguishing this from an}- other light
in the Kingdom.

BEVERLEY TOWNSHIP (179S)

Constance de Beverley they know,
Sister professed of Fontevraud,
Whom the church numbered with the dead.
For broken vows, and convent fled. — M,1f ntio'!.
The name of this township is from Beverle}-, in the
East Riding of Yorkshire, which was anciently called
Dierwald, from its extensive forest Its present name

WENTWORTH COUNTY 265
may be a corruption of Beaver ley- beavers having
abounded in the neighboring river Hull. Its origin and
early history are unknown, till the beginning of the eighth
century, when St. John of Beverley founded a church and
monastery, and died there. This institution was several
times destroyed by the Danes. In the early part of the
Civil War Charles I. had his quarters at Beverley, and
subsequently the town was taken by the Parliamentarians.
In the Church of St. John are several monuments of the
Earls of Northumberland. The barbarous custom of
baiting a bull on the day of the Mayor being sworn into
office was retained in Beverley until late in the nineteenth
century. ANCASTER TOWNSHIP (1792)

This township is named after the parish of Ancaster
in Lincolnshire, which is situated on the great Roman
road called Ermin street, and bears strong evidence of
having been a Roman station ; many authors unite to fix
there the ancient Causennse of Antoninus. From the
vestiges which remain of military works it has certainly
been a place of great strength. Ancaster Heath is also
shown on the old maps. A great number of coins and
other antiquities, of various Emperors, were found there ;
also several mosaic pavements. Ancaster gave the title of
Duke to the head of the Bertie family.

BINBROOK TOWNSHIP (1798)

This township takes its name from Binbrook village in
Lincolnshire, eight miles from Caistor and thirteen miles
from Grimsby.

266 NOTHING BUT NAMES

BARTON TOWNSHIP (1792)

Poor Lizzie Barton, called the Maid of Kent,
Pretended that by Heaven she was sent ;
Henry the Eighth, the King whose wives were six.
Cut off her head and sent her to the Styx. — Isaac Jameson.
Barton township is called after the ancient Lincoln
shire town of Barton pleasantly situated about three-
quarters of a mile from the southern bank of the Humber.
It was doubtless a place of great strength before the
Conquest and served as a barrier against the irruptions of
the Saxons and Danes. The remains of the old rampart
and fosse are still visible. At the period of the Conquest,
and until the rise of Kingston-upon-Hull, Barton enjoyed
an extensive commerce. The old English form of the
word is Barntown.

SALTFLEET TOWNSHIP (1792)

This township is called after Saltfleet, a port town in
Lincolnshire, ten miles from Louth and sixteen miles from
Grimsby.

GL.ANFORD TOWNSHIP (1798)

This township takes its name from Glanford-Brigg,
or Bridge, a village in Lincolnshire on the river Ancholme.
There was formerly a hospital at Glanford Bridge, sub
ordinate to the abbey of Selby, Yorkshire, but no remains
of the building are now visible.

LINCOLN COUNTY 267

LINCOLN COUNTY (1792)

Mine eye has dried and wasted been,
But still it loves the Lincoln Green. — Lady of the Lake.
This county, originally much larger than it is at
present, is named after Lincolnshire, in England, on the
German ocean, the largest county in the Kingdom except
Yorkshire. Three British or Roman roads traversed the
English county, and within its limits were Lindum
(Lincoln), Causennis (Ancaster), and five other Roman
stations. It is a fruitful county, even the heaths of
Ancaster and Lincoln being enclosed and cultivated, and
the fens of the district called Holland being drained.
Lincolnshire oxen are proverbial for their great bulk, and
the county is celebrated for the number of its handsome
churches erected during the Middle Ages, several of which
are highly ornamented. A curious custom was to build
the finest churches in low, fenny situations, still difficult of
access, and doubtless much more so at the period when
they were founded. The city of Lincoln, the capital of
Lincolnshire, situated on the river Witham, was one of the
towns, or hill-forts, of the ancient Britons. In the time of
Edward the Confessor the town contained 970 mansions.
William the Conqueror erected the Castle in 1068.
Several Parliaments were held at Lincoln in the reign of
Edward I. and his two immediate successors. The
ancient cathedral was splendidly decorated. Henry VIII.
in 1540 took away from it 2,621 ounces of gold and 4,285
ounces of silver, besides diamonds and other precious stones

268 NOTHING BUT NAMES
of great value. In the reign of Edward VI. it was stripped
of its remaining treasures, and in 1645 the Parliamentary
soldiers made it a stable for their horses. The entire
length of the edifice is 524 feet In one of the towers was
a large bell called " Great Tom of Lincoln," cast in the
reign of James I. It weighed 9,894 pounds ; its greatest
circumference was twenty-two feet, nine inches ; it broke
while under repair in 1831 and was replaced b}' a larger
bell. Lincoln was a commercial mart of importance in
ancient times, and still has an extensive commerce.

GRIMSBY TOWNSHIP, NORTH AND SOUTH (1792)

.4nd I only wanted one thing
To make my life complete —
This lovely Grimsby maiden.
So learned, fresh and sweet.

—J. W. Bengough.

The name is taken from Great Grimsby, in Lincoln
shire, to which is attached a stor\' about the naming of
the town from one Grime, either a fisherman or a pirate,
who found a Danish prince named Havelock in a boat
adrift, and took care of the child, who ultimate!}- married
the daughter of the King of England. \M-iatever there
may be in the tradition, it is recorded that for some reason
Denmark allowed great privileges and immunities to
Grimsby, such as freedom from toll, as if in acknowledg
ment of some previous favor.

LINCOLN COUNTY 269

CAISTOR TOWNSHIP (1798)

Spied a lady on foot, and we .saucily chased her
From Hall's Corners east to the township of Caistor.
— The Wheelman.
This name is from Caistor, in Lincolnshire, whose
ancient castle was built by Hengist, the Saxon, after he
had subdued the Picts and Caledonians ; this fortress and
its demesne lands having originally contained as much
territory as could be encircled by an ox's hide cut into
small thongs, it was on that account named Thongcaistor.
There are numerous traces of Roman antiquities in the
neighborhood. There is another Caistor in Norfolk, with
a castle said to have been erected in 1449 by Sir John
Fastolf, who was born there in 1377, and fought bravely in
France, but fled panic-stricken from the celebrated Joan of
Arc. The regent Duke of Bedford deprived him of the
garter for this misbehavior. He is supposed to be the
original of Shakspeare's Falstaff.

CLINTON TOWNSHIP (1792)

From royal tigers down to toads and lice ;
From Bathursts, Clintons, Fanes, to Hume and Price. — Macaulay,
Clinton is the family name of the Duke of Newcastle,
and there was an Edward, Lord Clinton, created Earl of
Lincoln in 1572. The name was taken from the manor
of Glimpton, in Oxford, which William the Conqueror
conferred on a son of William de Villa Tancredi, who
accompanied him from Normandy. Sir Henry Clinton,

270 NOTHING BUT NAMES
who was Commander of the British forces in America
from 177S to 17S2, succeeding Sir William Howe, and
being succeeded by Sir Guy Carleton, died in 1795. Hon.
Peter Russell (see Russell county), a member of Governor
Simcoe's Council, was ]\Iilitar}- Secretary to Sir Henry
Clinton during the war. The latter was a son of Hon.
George Clinton, Governor of Newfoundland in 1732, and
Governor-in-Chief of New York in 1741. Sir Henry's son.
Sir William Henry Clinton, born 1769, died 1S46, was also
a General in the army, and married in 1797 a daughter of
the Earl of Sheffield. Sir Henr-y Clinton took part in the
battle of Bunker Hill, and in the battle on Long Island
which resulted in the evacuation of New York b}- the
.Americans. He was forced by W^ashington to evacuate _
Philadelphia. He sailed from New York with 7,000 men
to relieve Cornwallis on the very day that the latter
capitulated. Sir Henry Clinton has been censured for
his conduct of the war in terms like the following: "Had
Clinton sent his 5,000 men and cut the mutineers to pieces,
as a good general would have done, the effect would have
been most disastrous to the cause of .America. Fortunatel}-,
he was, as Sullivan called him, 'The Prince of Blunderers.'"
Dr. Kingsford,, in his History, takes a different \-iew of
Clinton. He says : " A few words may be given to
Clinton's subsequent career. He arrived in London
June 19th, 17S2. Owing to a quarrel with his cousin,
the Duke of Newcastle, he failed to be elected for Newark
in 1784. In 1794 he was again in the House of Commons.
He became a General in the army, was appointed Governor
of Gibraltar and died there in 1795, aged 57. It is an act
of extreme injustice to hold Clinton responsible for the
want of judgment displayed b}- Cornwallis in \'irginia. I
am not conscious of an}- feeling of prejudice in one direc
tion or the other, and those who study the facts can judge

LINCOLN COUNTY 271
how wrongfully the conduct of Clinton has been reprobated.
When engaged upon the narrative of these events, the
impression upon my mind has been that Clinton stands
out prominently as the one man in high position during
the war, the exception, who gave evidence of the qualities
of a general and statesman. His personal gallantry was
not exceeded by the coolest, steadiest soldier in the ranks;
he unfailingly showed that serenity and readiness of
resource which accompany true courage. He never
hesitated to expose himself, but he never so acted
from any love of display. Clinton's career is one of
continued good service ; his judgment was never at
fault ; the one failure was his fruitless attack on
Charleston in 1776. The impression forced upon me
is that Clinton was the one man whom Washington
feared; the one general whose presence gave him anxiety."

GAINSBOROUGH TOWNSHIP (1798)

And now, O Muse, with song- so big,
Turn round to Gainsborough's Girl and Pig.
— Peter Pindar,
Ev'n as the windows of the day did shut,
Down Trent's swift stream to Gainsborough we put.
—John Taylor, the Water Poet,
This township was called after Gainsborough, an
ancient town on the eastern bank of the river Trent in
Lincolnshire, where Lord Cavendish was defeated and
slain by Cromwell in the civil wars. It was at Gains
borough that Sweyne, the Danish leader, was killed by a
secret dagger, as he was about to embark after a bloody
expedition in England.

272 NOTHING BUT NAMES
LOUTH TOWNSHIP (1792)

Westmeath and Cavan too did join.
The County Louth men crossed the Boyne.
— MacKenna's Dream.
The township takes its name from Louth, a market
town in Lincolnshire, in old times called Luda from the
neighboring river Ludd. It has a free school founded by
Edward VI. with the funds of three religious fraternities.
The manufactures of Louth are extensive. The county of
Louth is in Ireland.

GRANTHAM TOWNSHIP (1792)

The township is named after the town of Grantham in
Lincolnshire, which Henry IIL, in order to raise supplies
which were denied him by his Parliament, mortgaged
along with the town of Stamford to his uncle William de
Valance, Earl of Pembroke. The King's forces, under
Colonel Cavendish, took the town in 1642 and demolished
its fortifications. "About this time," remarks De Foe, "it
was that we began to hear the name of Oliver Cromwell.
When the war first broke out he was a private captain of
horse, but now commanded a regiment ; and joining with
the Earl of Manchester, the first action in which we heard
of his exploits, and which emblazoned his character, was
at Grantham, where, with only his own regiment, he
defeated twenty-four troops of horse and dragoons, of the
King's forces." The charnel house at Grantham was
formerly remarkable for containing 1,500 skulls, blanched
by the air, and piled up in rows one above another. Rev.
John Newcome, D.D., Master of St John's College,
Cambridge, was a native of Grantham, and bequeathed a
public library to the town. Sir Isaac Newton, the great

LINCOLN COUNTY 273
mathematician, was sent to the grammar school at
Grantham, at the age of twelve, for his education.
Grantham was first incorporated as a town in 1463. The
grandfather of Viscount Goderich (see Goderich township).
Sir Thomas Robinson, who was British Minister at Vienna
for eighteen years and afterwards a Secretary of State, was
created Baron Grantham soon after the accession of
George III. lie died in 1770. His son Thomas, second
Lord Grantham, was Ambassador to Madrid, 1771, and
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1782-83, in which
capacity he concluded the preliminaries of peace with the
United States in January, 1783. He married Lady Mary
Jemima Yorke, second daughter of Philip, Earl of Hard
wicke. Her elder sister. Lady .Amabel Yorke, widow of
Lord Polworth, was in 18 16 created Countess de Grey,,
with remainder to the heirs male of her sister, the Dowager
Lady Grantham (see .Amabel township). On the death of
the third Baron Grantham, the title went to Viscount
Goderich, Marquis of Ripon. The city of St. Catharines
in Grantham township was named in 1809 after Mrs,
Catharine Hamilton, wife of Robert Hamilton,

NIAGARA TOWNSHIP (1798)
Even now, as waiulerin^- upon Erie's shore,
I hear Niagara's distant oal.iract roar.

-Moor.

The name Niagara is of Indian origin, meaning
"thunder of water ; ' others say it was the name of a tribe;
others derive it froin Onghiara, the name of the old Indian
village near the Falls. Governor Simcoe tried to substi
tute the English name of Newark for Niagara, but the
people preferred the latter, and the name Niagara was
formally reinstated by law in 1798.

274 NOTHING BUT NAMES

WELLAND COUNTY (1849)

Over Welland's winding vale,
Down its grass^- gorges,
Float ye many a tuneful tale,
Bells of old Saint George's. — Ernest E, Leigh,
Welland count}- was originally a part of Lincoln and
does not appear in the census as a separate count}- until
185 1. Lincoln also included what is now South \^¦ent-
worth and in the map of Upper Canada, made by Acting
Surveyor-General Smith in 1798, it was divided into four
ridings, which b}- the Union Act of 1S40 were reduced
to two. On the old map. Barton, Ancaster, Glanford,
Binbrook, Saltfleet, Grimsb}', Clinton, Caistor and Gains-
boro townships were in the first riding of Lincoln ; Louth,
Stamford and Newark in the second ; Thorold, Grantham
and Pelham in the third; \^'ainfleet, Crowland, Humber-
stone and Bertie in the fourth. B}' the Union .Act of
1840 the old first and second ridings were made into the
North Riding and the third and fourth ridings into the
South Riding. The name of \\'elland county is taken
from the \\'elland river in Lincolnshire. The name of
the Canadian Chippewa Creek was changed to Welland
River by proclamation of Governor Simcoe, dated i6th
July, 1792.

WELLAND COUNTY 275

PELHAM TOWNSHIP (1790)

Says Priggish Pelham, may I hint on
The shortest road from Exeter to Winton. — George Canning.
The guests have departed who stood at the shrine.
All but Vavasour Pelham, who's had too much wine.
And has fallen asleep, on the table to dream.
Reclining his brow in a dish of pink cream.
— The Sister Bridesmaid.
Pelham was probably named in compliment to the
Duke of Newcastle. The families of Pelham and Clinton
amalgamated by marriage in 1744, so that the name of
the present Duke of Newcastle, born 1864, is Henry
Pelham Archibald Douglas Pelham-Clinton. Thomas,
the third Duke, issue of the cousinly marriage, born 1752,
died 1795, was a major-general in the army. Referring
to this family, the North British Review said : " From
1742 to 1757 the Pelhams were in power. Henry Pelham
was a man of small calibre, of timid and peevish temper,
but of good sense and industrious business habits. His
brother, the Duke of Newcastle, was probably the greatest
fool who ever held high office in this country, yet by
perfidy, by intrigue, by Parliamentary corruption, he
contrived to remain Minister for nearly thirty years, and
Premier for nearly ten." Lord Pelham was Home Secre
tary in the Addington Government. Hon. Henry Pelham,
M.P. for Lewes ; Charles A. Pelham, M.P. for Lincoln
shire, and Hon. Thomas Pelham, M.P. for Sussex, voted
against Pitt's Canada Bill in 1791.

276 NOTHING BUT NAMES

THOROLD TOWNSHIP (1788)

Hodden-gray was the garb he wore,
And by the Hammer of Thor he swore. — Longfellow.
The township of Thorold was named in honor of Sir
John Thorold, M.P. for Lincolnshire, born 1734, died
181 5, who was greatly interested in colonial questions
and voted against the war with America. He voted
against Pitt's Canada Bill. The name is Norse or
Teutonic, and was brought to England by the Saxons
and taken to Normandy before the Conquest by the
Northmen, under the different forms of Torauld, Turauld,
Turrold, Turold, and the Latin form Turoldus. Some
accounts state that the family of Thorold resided in
Lincolnshire before the Conquest ; but the direct ancestor
from whom Sir John traced his lineage was Richard
Thorold, of Selby, Yorkshire, whose only son married
Johannah, daughter and heiress of Robert de Hough and
Marston, county of Lincoln. They resided at Hough, or
The Hill, in 1363. Sir William Thorold, Knight, was
Sheriff of the county in 1630, and was created a baronet
in 1642. Sir John Thorold, who died in 1 7 16, was M.P.
for Lincolnshire, as was the Sir John who died in 1815,
after whom the Ontario township was named. The
twelfth and present baronet. Sir John Henry Thorold,
was married in 1869 to Hon. Alexandrina Henrietta
Matilda Willoughby, daughter of Henry, eighth Baron
Middleton. The seat of the Thorolds is Syston Park in
Grantham, Lincolnshire. In the reign of Edward the
Confessor, Thorold, Sheriff of Lincolnshire, a brother of
Countess Godiva, wife of Leofric, fifth Earl of Mercia,

WELLAND COUNTY 277
founded the abbey of Spalding; and the Lady Godiva
founded the monastery of Stow, near Lincoln, to which
she bequeathed her whole treasury.

STAMFORD TOWNSHIP (1793)

Weeping, weeping late and early.
Walking up and pacing down.
Deeply mourned the Lord of Burleigh,
Burleigh-house by Stamford-town.

- Tennyson.

This township, at its first settlement in 1784, was
called Mount Dorchester, but Governor Simcoe changed
it to Stamford in 1793, taking the new name from a very
old town in Lincolnshire. The name Stamford, an early
form of which was Staenford, was derived from a passage
at the town across the Welland River by stone. According
to one story, Stamford was a place of note in the time of
the British King Bladud, who reigned 863 years before
Christ, but this is disbelieved for the reason that the
Roman geographers and historians do not mention such
a British town. Henry of Huntingdon says that the Picts
and Scots, having ravaged the country as far as Stamford,
were defeated there by the Saxon auxiliaries under Heng
ist, for which service the British King Vortigern bestowed
on the Saxon chief certain lands in Lincolnshire. In the
time of the Danes, Stamford was reckoned one of the five
great cities of the Kingdom. At one period Stamford had
fourteen parish churches, besides chapels, and a university
with four colleges. The youngest son of an intestate
father inherited the property in Stamford, according to the
custom called Borough English. For more than 600 years
the barbarous custom of bull-running was perpetuated at

278 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Stamford, the diversion taking place six weeks before
Christmas. A Roman iron furnace was discovered in the
neighborhood, and the elegant residence of the Marquis of
Exeter, called Burghley House, is adjacent to Stamford.

WAINFLEET TOWNSHIP (1798)

The township is named after Wainfleet, situated in a
marsh in Lincolnshire, fifteen miles from Boston. It is
probable that, previous to the decay of the harbor, the
town was located higher up the creek, for the church of
All Saints stands at a place called High Wainfleet. The
haven is said to be the place where the Romans made salt
from the sea-water to supply the whole province. Accord
ing to the Canadian Archives, Wainfleet township was first
called " Sugar Loaf West," and Gourlay (1822) mentions
another " Cranberry Marsh " township, called Wedderburn,
adjoining Wainfleet, probably the one now called Moulton.

HUMBERSTONE TOWNSHIP (1787)

The name comes from Humberston, in Lincolnshire,
five miles from Great Grimsby and sixteen miles from
Saltfleet

CROWLAND TOWNSHIP (1788)

The name is from Crowland or Croyland, a very
ancient town in Lincolnshire, peculiarily interesting to
the antiquary from the ruins of its splendid and

WELLAND COUNTY 279
extensive abbey, and its singular triangular-shaped
bridge. Ethelbald, King of Mercia, founded a monas
tery at Crowland in 716, and in the charter then
granted, the name of Welland river is spelled with one 1.
The Danes massacred the monks and destroyed the
abbey in 870. In 1550 the site was granted to Edward,
Lord Clinton. The rivers Welland, Nene, and a drain
called Catwater pass under the triangular bridge at
Croyland, which dates back to 941, and which may be
regarded as the greatest curiosity in Britain, if not in
Europe.

WILLOUGHBY TOWNSHIP (1787)

The lords of Ross, Beaumond and Willoughby,
With all their powerful friends are fled to him.
— King Richard II.
There are seven villages in England named Willough
by, three of which are in Lincolnshire. (See Bertie
township).

BERTIE TOWNSHIP (1784)

Ere Norraan William crossed the sea from France,
To test his strength in battle's argument ;
Ere Saxon .Alfred checked the Danes' advance,
A Bertie dwelt on his estate in Kent.

-T. Richardson.

This township was named in honor of Sir Peregrine
Bertie, third Duke of Ancaster and nineteenth Baron
Willoughby, who was a member of the Chatham (1766)

28o NOTHING BUT NAMES
and Grafton (1767) Governments. The Bertie family
came originally into England from Bertiland in Prussia,
with the Saxon invasion, and one of the Saxon Kings
gave them a castle and town, called Bertiestad, now
Bersted, near Maidstone in Kent Leopold de Bertie was
constable of Dover Castle in Ethelred's reign, but he
quarreled with the King, and his son Burbach Bertie went
to France and settled there, until 1154, when Philip Bertie
returned to England with Henry II. and recovered his
patrimony in Bersted. In Henry VI IP's time Richard
Bertie married Catharine, widow of Charles Brandon,
Duke of Suffolk, who was Baroness Willoughby of Eresby
in her own right They left an only son. Peregrine Bertie,
born 1555, whom Queen Elizabeth admitted to the dignity
of Lord Willoughby. The Bertie of 1626 was made Earl
of Lindsey by Charles I. He was Lord High Admiral of
England and was killed at the head of the King's forces
in the Civil War. Robert Bertie was made Duke of
Ancaster by George I. in 171 5. His son Peregrine Bertie
was second Duke, succeeded by Peregrine as third Duke,
who raised a regiment of foot when the rebellion of 1745
broke out in Scotland. He died in 1778, and his son
Robert, the fourth Duke, dying unmarried in 1779, the
title of Baron Willoughby became in abeyance between
his two sisters, his uncle Brownlow Bertie becoming fifth
Duke of Ancaster, as well as Marquis and Earl of Lindsey.
Hon. Peregrine Bertie, M.P. for Oxford, voted against the
Canada Bill. Most of the Berties were buried in the
family vault at Edenham, about a mile from Grimsthorpe
(see Grimsthorpe and Lindsay townships). V^hen Brown-
low Bertie died in 1809 the Dukedom of Ancaster became
extinct, but it has been revived by Heathcote Drummond,
born in 1830. Besides the family seat at Grimsthorpe,
there is another called Normanton Park, near Stamford.

HALDIMAND COUNTY 281

HALDIMAND COUNTY (1783)

A place to live as Britons is what they all demand
In the U.E. Loyalist letters to Governor Haldimand. — T. Johnson.
This county was called after Sir Frederick Haldimand,
born at Yverdun, in the Canton of Berne, near Lake
Neuchatel, Switzerland, died in 1791 at the recorded age
of seventy. He entered the army in his nineteenth year,
in 1762 was a brevet colonel, in 1772 had command of the
60th regiment with the rank of major-general. On Gage
leaving for England in 1773 Haldimand was appointed
general commanding-in-chief in America. In September,
1777, General Haldimand was appointed Governor-
General of Canada, succeeding Sir Guy Carleton. He
was the author of what is known as the Haldimand
Collection of Letters and Papers, relating to Canadian
affairs between 1755 and 1790, which forms part of the
Canadian Archives at Ottawa. He granted lands on both
sides of the Grand River to the Mohawk Iroquois, who
had fought against the Americans in the war, and he had
townships surveyed and the arrangements made for the
settlement in Upper Canada of the U.E. Loyalists. A
township in Northumberland county is also named after
Sir Frederick Haldimand. Haldimand has been generally
described as a harsh Governor. He certainly made all
necessary preparations to resist invasion, but he does not
appear to have neglected anything that required to be
done in the interests of the expected settlers from the
United States, and his papers show him to have been
methodical as well as industrious.

NOTHING BUT NAMES

MOULTON TOWNSHIP (1825)

The name of this township, which may have been the
Wedderburn mentioned by Gourlay, is taken from
Moulton, the family seat of the Boultons, in Lincolnshire,
England. Henry J. Boulton, Attorney-General of Upper
Canada, got 30,800 acres of Indian land from Earl
Selkirk, who got it from W. Jarvis, who got it from the
Indians for a promise to pay £S:77S a-nd an actual
payment of ;^6oo. For the details of the transaction see
Smith's " Canada." Henry J. Boulton, son-of Hon. D'Arcy
Boulton, one of the Justices of the King's Bench in Upper
Canada, was born in Kensington in 1790, commenced the
practice of law in Canada in 1816, was solicitor-general in
1 81 8, and attorney-general in 1829. Pie was Chief
Justice of Newfoundland in 1833-38, when he returned to
Canada and sat in Parliament for Norfolk county. Dent
says the Home Government turned a deaf ear to his
perpetual applications for employment, and finding that
he had nothing to hope from the Conservative party in
Canada, he for some time acted with Mr. Baldwin, even
supporting Responsible Government and the Rebellion
Losses Bill. In the session of 185 i Mr. Boulton's motion
to bring about immediate Provincial legislation on the
Clergy Reserves question was defeated by a vote of fifty-
two to five.

HALDIMAND COUNTY 283

CANBORO TOWNSHIP (1825)

Canboro got its name from Benjamin Canby, who
procured 19,000 acres of land in the township from an
Indian named John Dockstader, on a promise to pay
;!f5,000 to maintain the Indian's children. In Fother
gill's Almanac there is mention of the assessments
in 1823 on Canby 's settlement in Haldimand, but nothing
about the township name. But Gourlay puts the statistics
of Canboro and Caistor together in 1817, and says
Canboro was settled in 1803. From old title deeds it
would appear that Governor Simcoe made a grant to one
of the Canbys previous to 1796, which was only partially
confirmed by subsequent administrators.

SHERBROOKE TOWNSHIP (1825)

From Sir John Coape Sherbrooke. (See Sherbrooke
township, Lanark county).

DUNN TOWNSHIP (1830)

Brave General Wolfe as was a wolf that made the Frenchmen run.
And bold Burdett (how many a time I've took up Mr. Dunn),
And Mr. WilUam Wilbyforce as liberate the nigger.
And Princess Sharlot, dead and gone, a very handsome figure. — Punch.
This township may possibly have taken its name from
Hon. Judge Thomas Dunn, a member of the Executive

284 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Council of Canada, who was Administrator of the Govern
ment after Sir Robert Shore Milnes went back to England
in 1S03. Mr. Dunn came to Canada shortly after the
Conquest and married a French Canadian lady, Miss
Guichaud. He is described as an enlightened, able and
impartial man, very popular with the majority of the
people. In 1807 the Legislative Assembh- of Quebec
expressed its appreciation of Mr. Dunn's personal worth
in ver}- handsome and well merited terms. He assisted
General Brock to put the garrison and fortifications of
Ouebec in a good state of defence. Mr. Dunn was relieved
from the duties of administration b}' Lieutenant-General
Sir James Craig's arrival in October, 1807. There is a
letter in the Archives, dated May 24th, 1807, in which
Judge Allcock sa}'s to Lord Castlereagh : "Dunn, the
President, is superannuated, his memor}- has failed, and
the injur}- to the colon}' for want of a Governor cannot be
conceived." He died April 5, 1817. Another man in
whose honor it is more likel}- that this township was
named is Hon. John Henry Dunn, who was Receiver-
General of Upper Canada in 1S24, four years after his
arrival in the countr}-. He was not in 1S36 "a member
of an}- political part}-, nor had he an}- special aptitude for
political life; but. he was a man of high character and
moderate \iews, and was held in much public estimation."
After the Union of 1840 he was appointed to the First
Executive Council and took his old office of Receiver-
General. He became a " trusted member of the Reform
party and lepresented the eit}- of Toronto in the
Assembl}-." Ka}'e. in his Life of Lord Metcalfe, speaks
of Mr. Dunn as " an Englishman of no great acuteness of
perception or ardor of patriotism, equall}- wanting in the
steadier qualities of order and precision.' He held office
in the first Baldwin-Lafontaine Administration. In 1844

HALDIMAND COUNTY 285
he was defeated at the general election in Toronto. He
died in London, England, April 21, 1854. The name of
John Henry Dunn is mentioned in connection with many
of the transfers and surrenders of Indian lands. He acted
with Hon. James Baby and Hon. George H. Markland as
a trustee for the Indians.

CAYUGA TOWNSHIP, NORTH AND SOUTH (1835)

Show me a town where there's perfect repose-
Ideal place to wear out one's old clothes —
That is Cayuga, as everyone knows.

-A Law Student,

Cayuga is the name of one of the tribes of the Six
Nations Indians, to whom lands adjacent to the Grand
river were awarded by Governor Haldimand after the
Revolutionary War. Their former dwelling place was in
New York State, and the Jesuit missionaries described
them as the mildest and most tractable of the Iroquois.
The name is variously pronounced by the Indians. Mr.
Hale says one interpreter gave as the' meaiiing of the
word "the fruit country;" another "the place where the
canoes are drawn out;" a third "a mountain rising from
the water;" a fourth "the mucky land." Dr. Jones says
Cayuga is from Ky-u-chy, "the Advising Nation."

3S6 NOTHING BUT .VAMES

SENECA TOWNSHIP (1S35)

The godlike Seneca, in death sedate,
Rises superior, and looks down on fate.
— Gentlenitin's .M,ig,i:!ine. l^^K
The speecli, which was the composition of Seneca, exhibited many
indications of a cultivated ta*le. for the genius of that distinguished
man was graceful and agreeable, and suited to the ears of the age iu
which he lived. — .-innats qf T.tcitus.
The Senecas were .another tribe of the Six Nations.
The}' called themselves Sonontowane, meaning "great
mountain." The word Seneca is supposed to be of
.Algonquin origin, an expression of dislike or hostilit}-,
from Sinako, " stone snakes," or mountain snakes.
Sennakehte is the Onondaga for "the title -givers."
Seneca is also defined as "the people far oft"}-onder," that
is, towards the lakes. The accidental resemblance in
sound between the Indian tribal name and the name of
the Roman philosopher Seneca accounts for the present
form and spelling of the word.

ONEIDA TOWNSHIP (1S35)

" .-Xnd I could weep " — th' Onoid.i chiol'
His desc.mt wildl)' thus begun ;
" But that 1 may not stain with grief
The death-song of my father s son. " — Campbell.
This is another Indian tribal name. Oneida, which in
French became Onne}-outh or Onnc}ote, is a corruption of

HALDIMAND COUNTY 287
a compound word, formed of Onenhia or Onenya, stone,
and Kaniote, to be upright or elevated. Onenniote is
rendered "the projecting stone." It is applied to a large
boulder of syennite, which thrusts its broad shoulder above
the earth at the summit of an eminence near which, in
early times, the Oneidas had planted their chief settlement.

RAINHAM TOWNSHIP (1792)

Rainham takes its name from a village in Norfolk,
England, near Houghton. This township belonged to
Norfolk county, until added to Haldimand by Act of
Parliament

WALPOLE TOWNSHIP (1792)

Will the great Walpole, in the Crowd, regard
A verseful visit from his humble Bard ? — Mitchell,
The Pelhams next rose up to high renown.
But cunningly they first pulled Walpole down.
— Epigram by an Eton boy, 1760,
This township was not a part of the Indian reserve,
but belonged first to Norfolk county. There are two
villages called Walpole in Norfolk, England, and one in
Kent. The township in Canada was probably named in
honor of Sir Robert Walpole, of Houghton, Earl of Orford,
born 1676, died 1745, the great Whig statesman, who was
for twenty years at the head of the British Government.

288 NOTHING BUT NAMES
A friendly critic says that Walpole was beyond question
the most eminent, the ablest and the most successful
statesman of his day. His ambition only was excessive
and insatiable. He was, with the exception perhaps of
his brother-in-law, Lord Townshend, the most respectable
statesman of that barren period. During his official life
he enjoyed sinecures which, with the salary he earned,
gave him an income of £2<^,o<x> a year, but that was the
fashion of the time. The Duke and Duchess of Marl
borough drew salaries aggregating .^90,000 a year.
In Green's History Walpole is described as a young
Norfolk landowner of fair fortune, with the tastes and air
of the class from which he sprang. His big, square figure,
his vulgar, good-humored face, were those of a common
country squire. And in Walpole the squire underlay the
statesman to the last He was ignorant of books, he
"loved fieither reading nor writing," and if he had a taste
for art, his real love was for the table, the bottle and the
chase. He rode as hard as he drank. Where his country
breeding showed itself most, however, was in the shrewd,
narrow, honest character of his mind. He saw very
clearly, but he could not see far, and he would not believe
what he could not see.
Hon. Horatio Walpole, M.P. for King's Lynn, voted
against the Canada Bill.

BRANT COUNTY 289

BRANT COUNTY (1853)

While shouts of soldiery, and Indian yells
From Brant the younger, emulous of his sire,
Leading his Mohawks racing to the fray. — Williain Kirby,
This county is not one of the originals. Portions of it
have belonged to York, to Halton, to Haldimand, to
Wentworth and to Oxford. It first appears as a separate
county under its present name in 1853. It takes its name
from Joseph Brant, or Thayendanegea, a Mohawk chief,
who was born on the banks of the Ohio River about 1742.
He died at Wellington Square, now called Burlington, Hal
ton county, Ontario, November 24, 1807. Brant fought on
the British side throughout the Revolutionary War, and
made a visit to England in 1786, during which he collected
funds for the Mohawk church near Brantford,in which city
a statue has been erected in his honor. He translated St.
Mark's Gospel and the Book of Common Prayer into the
Mohawk language, and became the acknowledged chief of
the Confederacy. Brant's sister, Miss Molly, was the
mother of Sir William Johnson's children. Their four
daughters were most respectably married, and Miss Molly
was always very influential and highly respected among
the Indians. The Kingston Herald, of September 5,
1832, referring to the death of Captain John Brant, said :
" Mr. Brant was the son of the celebrated Indian Chief,
Joseph Brant, whose memory was unjustly assailed by
Campbell, the poet" Schoolcraft says that " In Brant,
barbarism and civilization evinced a strong and singular
contest. He was at one moment a savage, and at another

290 NOTHING BUT NAMES
a civilian, at one moment cruel and at another
humane ; and he exhibited, throughout all the heroic
period of his career, a constant vacillation and struggle
between good and bad, noble and ignoble feelings, and, as
one or the other got the mastery, he was an angel of
mercy, or a demon of destruction. His tomahawk and his
Testament lay on the same shelf"

TUSCARORA TOWNSHIP (1840)

'Twas a narrow escape from the tomahawk's blow.
Which the fierce Tuscarora had aimed at his foe.
— Tales of the Carolinas.
This township is part of the Indian Reserve, and takes
its name from one of the tribes. The Tuscaroras dwelt in
North Carolina until they were driven out by the English,
when they migrated to New York and in 1722 were
received into the league of the Five Nations, thereafter
called Six Nations. The name Tuscarora means "shirt
wearer," and must be of comparatively recent adoption.

ONONDAGA TOWNSHIP (1840)

But the lawyer knew the scoundrel
Thoroughly deserved to hang
For the crimes he had committed
With the Onondaga gang. — Old Newspaper.
Most of this township belongs 'to the Indian Reserve.
The Onondagas, in 161 5, occupied the territory in New

BRANT COUNTY 291
York from the east end of Oneida lake to the Onondaga
valley. The word is corrupted from Onontake — " at the
mountain." The site of their town stretched along the
broad back and gently sloping sides of a great hill, in the
neighborhood of which were rich valleys where the people
raised their crops of corn, beans, pumpkins and tobacco.
Wampum beads and flint chips are still found at the site
of the old Onondaga headquarters.

BRANTFORD TOWNSHIP (1840)

This township takes its name from the city of Brant-
ford, or Brant's ford, ¦ crossing the Grand river. Brant
threw a boom across the river at that point. The name is
suggestive of Oxford, in England.

BURFORD TOWNSHIP (1798)

O'er the glimmering wave he hied him,
Where the Burford reared her sail.
With three thousand ghosts beside him.
And in groans did Vernon hail.

— Glover.

BURFORD belonged to Oxford county before Brant
county was set apart, and it took its name from Burford in
Oxfordshire, England, an old town called by the Saxons
Beorford. In 685 an ecclesiastical synod was held there
by Kings Ethelred and Berthwold, at which Adhelm,
Bishop of Sherborne, was ordered to write against the
error of the British Church respecting the time of the

292 NOTHING BUT NAMES
celebration of Easter. A battle was fought near the town
in 752 between Ethelbald, King of Mercia, and Cuthbert,
King of the West Saxons. Soon after the Conquest
Burford was bestowed on Robert, Earl of Gloucester,
natural son of Henry I. John Wilmot, the celebrated
Earl of Rochester, was educated at Burford free school,
founded in 1571. Richard de Burford, born at Droltwich,
in Worcester, became Chancellor to Thomas a Becket and
was made Bishop of Chichester. He was distinguished
for learning and piety, and was canonized by Pope Urban
III. in 1362. Admiral Vernon's ship was called the
Burford.

OAKLAND TOWNSHIP (1821)

For I ken you by your weel-busket hat.
And your merrie twinkling ee.
That ye're the Laird o' the Oakland hills.
An' ye may weel seem for to be.
— Broom of Cowden-knows.
This is a small triangular township, formerly known
as the Gore of Burford, and earlier as the Gore of
Townsend. It probably took its present name from the
oak trees.

SOUTH DUMFRIES TOWNSHIP (1816)
Same origin as North Dumfries, Waterloo county.

NORFOLK COUNTY 293

NORFOLK COUNTY (1792)

Cousin of Hereford, what dost thou object
Against the Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray ?
— King Richard II.
This county is called after Norfolk county in England,
which, though not naturally one of the most fertile, has
long been one of the best peopled tracts in England and
has more parishes than any other county in the Kingdom.
The roads are excellent and the navigation almost belts
the county round. Barley of the best quality and turnips
in abundance are produced in Norfolk ; many sheep are
fed, and the woolen industry is extensive.

WOODHOUSE TOWNSHIP (1792)

While thy brawls infest the skies.
The gentle goddess whom we prize
Diffuses peace and joy on earth ;
Hail the dav that gave her birth I
—J. Woodhouse, I76g.
David Ritchie settled himself upon a patch of wild moorland on the
farm of Woodhouse in Peebles-shire. — Introduction to ''The Black
Dwarf." There are nine villages in England named Wood-
house, but none of them are located in Norfolk county.
Woodhouse is an ancient English famih' name. (See
Wentworth). "It is a few miles from Marsala, but it was
during a subsequent visit that Lord Nelson gave Messrs.

294 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Woodhouse & Co., the original and still one of the
principal wine firms there, his autograph order (now
framed in their office) for 500 pipes of Marsala wine." —
Henry Newbolt.

CHARLOTTEVILLE TOWNSHIP (1792)

Long, long, then, shall Queen Charlotte's name be dear.
And future Queens to her
As to their best exemplar look ;
Who imitates her best
May best deserve our love. —Southey.
This township was named after Queen Charlotte
Sophia, daughter of the Duke of Mecklenburg Strelitz,
born May 16, 1744, married to King George III. in
1761 ; died in 1818, having had nine sons and six
daughters. Queen Charlotte was not a beauty, and she
was not her husband's first choice, but they lived together
for fifty-seven years, setting an example of affection and
fidelity that was much needed in tJie last century. When
George III. died, Byron wrote :
But Where's the proctor who will ask his son ?
In whom his qualities are reigning still.
Except that household virtue, most uncommon.
Of constancy to a bad, ugly woman.
George IV.'s daughter, the Princess Charlotte, who
would have been Queen of England if she had outlived
her father, and who as heir-apparent to the throne was
immensely popular, was born in 1796 and died in 181 6.

NORFOLK COUNTY 295

WALSINGHAM TOWNSHIP (1792)

As ye came from the holy land
Of blessed Walsingham,
O met you not with my true love
As by the way ye came. — Percy Reliques.
Off, Walsingham ! — thou putt'st me in a sweat ;
I hate a jack-in-office martinet —
For ever something most important brewing.
For ever busy, busy, nothing doing. —P. Pindar.
This township was named after Walsingham, in
Norfolk, England, which was formerly noted for the
growth of saffron, which has been long abandoned.
Walsingham monastery, founded in 1061, obtained great
celebrity, became immensely rich and was as much
frequented as the shrine of Thomas a Becket. Among
its illustrious visitants was Henry VIIL, who in the
second year of his reign walked barefoot from Barsham
to Walsingham to present a valuable necklace to the
image of the virgin. The devotees who had permission
to drink of the waters of the Wishing Wells at Walsing
ham Abbey were taught to believe that under certain
restrictions they should obtain whatever they might
desire. The word Walsingham is also the name of a
family. Chislehurst Church in Kent contains monuments
of the Walsinghams, Berties and other eminent families.
The monument of Sir Edmund Walsingham consists of a
table tomb, richly ornamented with roses, acorns and
foliage, gilt. Sir Francis Walsingham, Queen Elizabeth's
Secretary of State, was born at Chislehurst. Hume says
he was a man equally celebrated for his abilities and his

296 ¦ NOTHING BUT NAMES
integrity. He had passed through many employments,
had been very frugal in his expense, yet died so poor that
his family was obliged to give him a private burial. He
left only one daughter, first married to Sir Philip Sidney,
then 'to the Earl of Essex, and lastly to the Earl of
Clanricarde of Ireland. Sir William de Grey, Baron
Walsingham, was Attorney-General in 1766 and afterward
Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.

HOUGHTON TOWNSHIP (1792)

Shall the bold Muse to Houghton Hall repair
And welcome find among the gallants there ?
— Mitchell, 1732.
This township is called after Houghton, in Norfolk,
England, the residence of Sir Robert Walpole. Houghton
on the Hill, Houghton in the Hole and New Houghton
are the Norfolk villages, and there are twenty-four other
Houghtons in other English counties. In the reign of
Edward I. " Sir Henry de Walepol was lord of Houton."
The word Houghton is derived from Hough, a hill, and
ton, a town. Sir Henry Houghton, M.P. for Preston,
voted for the Canada Bill.

TOWNSEND TOWNSHIP (1792)

Poor Townsend, like Mercury, filling two posts.
Supervisor of thieves, and chief-usher of ghosts.

— Moore.

This township was called after Thomas Townshend,
Baron Sydney (see Sidney township), second son of

NORFOLK COUNTY 297
Charles, second Viscount Townshend, born 1732, died
1800. He was Secretary of State for the Home Depart
ment 1782-89. The name Sydney was taken from Robert
Sydney, Earl of Leicester, his mother's grandfather.
Baron Sydney's daughter Elizabeth was married to John,
Earl of Chatham, brother of the younger William Pitt
His son, John Thomas Townshend, second Viscount
Sydney, born 1764, died 1831, was M.P. for Whitchurch
(see Whitchurch township). Under Secretary of State
1782-89, a lord of the admiralty 1790-93, a lord of the
treasury 1 793-1 800. Many of Governor Haldimand's
despatches were addressed to Townshend. Hon. John
Townshend, M.P. for Newport, Hants, voted for the
Canada Bill. One of the family was at the taking of
Quebec, and it is recorded that General Townshend and
Admiral Saunders signed the articles of capitulation, on
behalf of the British, in 1759. Of the Lord Townshend,
who is referred to as Walpole's brother-in-law (see
Walpole township) Lord Mahon says in his History of
England : " He left office with a most unblemished
character, and, what is less common, a most patriotic
moderation." G. Barnett Smith says : " Quarrels between
the two Ministers, Walpole and Townshend, had been
very frequent. The former declared that the Ministerial
firm ' should be Walpole and Townshend, not Townshend
and Walpole.' " Another author says : " The politician
Lord Townshend, brother-in-law of Sir Robert Walpole,
retired to his Norfolk seat in 1728, and there served his
country well by encouraging the growth of turnips. Land
lords and tenants were both enriched by the greater
growth of produce and the just rise in rents."

298 NOTHING BUT NAMES

WINDHAM TOWNSHIP (1792)

Windham, if e'er thy sorrows flow
At private loss or public woe.
Thy rigid brow unbend ;
Tears over Caesar Brutus shed.
His hatred warr'd not with the dead.
And Pitt was once thy friend. — George Canning.
Wyndham, just to freedom and the throne.
The master of our passions and his own. —Pope.
The township of Windham took its name from Right
Hon. William Windham, Colonial Secretary, whose
voluminous correspondence on Canadian affairs fills many
pages of the Archives. He voted against the Canada
Bill. Macaulay calls William Windham an accomplished
and ingenious orator to whom it was a privilege to listen.
Mr. Windham was born in London in 1750 and educated
at Eton, Glasgow and Oxford. He entered Parlianiient in
1782 as member for Norwich, and sided with the opposi
tion till 1793 when he followed the lead of Mr. Burke and
was appointed Secretary of War (which then included the
Secretaryship for the Colonies) with a seat in the Cabinet,
which office he retained till the resignation of Mr. Pitt in
1801. In the Grenville-Fox Cabinet of" All the Talents"
Mr. Windham was Secretary of War and the Colonies.
In the church at Felbridge, in Norfolk, where the Wind
ham estate is situated, is a plain but elegant mural
monument, executed by Nollekins, bearing the following
inscription :
"Sacred to the memory of the Right 'Honorable
William Wyndham, of Felbridge, in this county, born the

NORFOLK COUNTY 299
14th of May, O.S., 1750, died the 4th of June, N.S., 1810.
He was the only son of William Wyndham, Esq., by
Sarah, relict of Robert Lukin, Esq. He married in 1798,
Cecilia, third daughter of the late Commodore Forest, who
erected this monument in grateful and tender remem
brance of him. During a period of twenty-six years, he
distinguished himself in Parliament by his eloquence and
talents, and was repeatedly called to the highest offices of
the State. His views and counsels were directed more to
raising the glory than increasing the wealth of his country.
He was, above all things, anxious to preserve untainted
the National Character, and even those National Manners
which long habit had associated with that character. As
a Statesman he labored to exalt the courage, to improve
the comforts, and ennoble the profession of a Soldier. As
an individual he exhibited a model of those qualities
which denote the most accomplished and enlightened
mind. Frank, generous, unassuming, intrepid, compas
sionate and pious, he was so highly respected, even by
those from whom he most differed in opinion, that though
much of his life had passed in political contention, he was
accompanied to the grave by the sincere and unqualified
regret of his Sovereign and his Country."
The Windham family take their name from the town
of Wymondham, or Wyndham, in Norfolk. William de
Wymondham was overseer of the silver mines in Devon
shire in 1293 and held office in the Exchequer. In 1549
Sir William Wyndham was sheriff of the county. The
town stands on the high road from Norwich to London.

300 NOTHING BUT NAMES

MIDDLETON TOWNSHIP (1792)

His name was Major Middleton
That manned the bridge of Dee ;
His name was Colonel Henderson,
That let the cannons flee. — Bonny John Seion.
Till royal favor on his labor shone
Speeding the mighty work of patriot Middleton. — .-i. Heraud, 1821.
There are no less than forty-two villages in England
named Middleton, of which one is in Norfolk, four miles
from Lynn. Of the prominent men of that name, Sir
Hugh Middleton, who made a large fortune in the lead
and silver mines of Cardiganshire in the reign of James I.,
and spent it making the New River to supply London
with pure water, is best remembered. Sir Charles
Middleton, afterwards Lord Barham, about 1780 built a
range of storehouses in connection with Deptford dock
yard. He was M.P. for Rochester 1784, rear admiral 1787,
vice admiral 1795 and first lord of the admiralty. Sir
William Middleton, M.P. for Northumberland, and Lord
Viscount Middleton, M.P. for Whitchurch, voted against
the Canada Bill. John Middleton, commonly called the
"Child of Hale," born at Hale Hall in Lancaster in 1578,
was nine feet three inches in height. Sir Gilbert Ireland
introduced him to James I. and on his return from London
a portrait was taken of him, which is preserved in the
library of Brazennose College, Oxford.

OXFORD COUNTY 301

OXFORD COUNTY (1798)

Names that to fear were never known.
Bold Norfolk's Earl de Brotherton,
And Oxford's famed De Vere. —Scott.
This county takes its name from Oxford city, the
capital of Oxfordshire, an inland county of England
having the River Thames for its eastern boundary. The
history of the city of Oxford cannot be traced beyond the
time of Alfred the Great, who established schools of
literature there. The name is derived from a ford of the
river Ouse — Ouse-no-ford, altered to Oxnaford, and
Oxford, hence the city arms show an ox crossing a river.
Oxford was twice burned by the Danes, and held out for
a time against the Norman Conqueror. The last meeting
of Pariiament in Oxford was under Charles II. in 1681.
In the reign of King John Oxford University had 3,000
students.

NORWICH TOWNSHIP, NORTH AND SOUTH (1795)

To stout Saint George of Norwich merry.
Saint Thomas, too, of Canterbury,
Cuthbert of Durham and Saint Bede
For his sins' pardon hath he prayed.

-Mai'mion.

Norwich township, before the formation of Oxford
county, belonged to Norfolk, and was called after the city

302

NOTHING BUT NAMES

of Norwich, the metropolis of Norfolk in England. The
name is from Nordo-Vicus, or the Northern Ville. In
1348, nearly 58,000 persons died of the plague at Norwich,
which shows that it must have been very populous.
Many Flemings settled at Norwich and established
manufactures, with long wool spun in the adjacent village
of Worstead, whence the product took the name of
worsted.

DEREHAM TOWNSHIP (1795)

Dereham's old church our grave attention calls ;
The gentle Cowper sleeps within its walls. — Manson.
Dereham township was called after Dereham in
Norfolk, an ancient English town, the name being given
before Oxford county was cut off from Norfolk. Its
church, dedicated to Saint Nicholas, belonged to a
nunnery founded by Withburga, natural daughter of
Arma, King of East Anglia ; which being afterwards
destroyed by the Danes, the church was made parochial
in 798. Edmund Bonner, of sanguinary notoriety, was
rector of this church a short time before he was translated
to the See of London ; and here also lie the remains of
the poet Cowper, which were interred under the north
transept in the year 1800.

OXFORD COUNTY 303

OXFORD TOWNSHIP, EAST, WEST AND NORTH
(1798)

.-V dozen of them here have ta'en the sacrament,
.\nd interchangeably set down their hands.
To kill the King at Oxford.

— King Richard II.

See Oxford county.

BLENHEIM TOWNSHIP (1798)

The bells from Woodstock's steeple
Shake Blenheim's fading bough. — G. W, Thornbury.
Such was the celebrated battle wliich the French call the battle of
Hochstet, the Germans Plentheim, and the English Blenheim. '
— Voltaire.
The township is named after Blenheim, situated in the
parish of Woodstock and liberty of Oxford, being the
demesne containing the magnificent house and park
bestowed by national gratitude on the celebrated John
Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, for his victory over the
French and Bavarians at Blenheim in Bavaria, August 13,
1704. Haifa million sterling was also voted by Parlia
ment for the purpose of erecting a palace for the Duke
and his descendants. The entrance to Blenheim from
Woodstock is through a triumphal arch, of the Corinthian
order, constructed under the direction of Sarah, Duchess
of Marlborough. A grand telescope, by Herschel, was
presented by George III., shortly after the royal visit to
Blenheim. Portions of the grounds are connected with
the story of Henry II. and fair Rosamond, the daughter of

304 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Walter, Lord Clifford, who was compelled by the jealous
Queen to swallow poison. A grand column, a hundred
and thirty feet high, is surmounted by a colossal statue of
the great Duke of Marlborough in a Roman dress.

BLANDFORD TOWNSHIP (1798)

To Lambeth Lords Blandford and Shaftesbury hurried,
Declaring that Exeter Hall was in arms ;
In short, my dear Lord, I can't say how I'm worried.
Since such proof has been given that " JIusic has charms." — Punch.
The township is named from the second title of the
Dukes of Marlborough, "Marquis of Blandford," conferred
in 1702, and borne by the heir apparent to the dukedom.
One Marquis of Blandford served under Wolfe on the
continent (see Wolfe Island). The English town of
Blandford, from which the title is taken, is in Dorsetshire,
in the centre of a fruitful country, on the bank of the
River Stour. It is mentioned in the Domesday Book.
Blandford Park is near Charlbury in Oxford. It was the
seat of Henry Danvers, Earl of Danby, who died there.
It was afterwards possessed and occupied by Edward,
Earl of Clarendon, who took his title of Viscount from
Charlbury. The property was purchased by one of the
Dukes of Marlborough (see Marlborough township), and
it has since been the occasional residence of the Dukes of
Beaufort The present Marquis of Blandford, born
September 18, 1897, has the distinction of being the
youngest millionaire in the world. According to a current
newspaper paragraph, what the child's fortune will amount
to can be only roughly computed. Even its possessors

OXFORD COUNTY 305
cannot estimate it with exactness, so vast is the figure.
At the lowest calculation it will amount to ^£'5,000,000,
while some estimates place it at double that figure.
William K. Vanderbilt is the present owner of this wealth.
His present income is said to be ;6^4,000 a day, and it is
growing rapidly. This will go to Consuelo, Duchess of
Marlborough, and her two brothers, Willie and Harold
Vanderbilt, and on succeeding to the estate the Marl
borough heir will come into a fortune from his mother
alone of at least ;^5,ooo,ooo. In addition to this the heir
of the Marlboroughs will in time succeed to a share in
properties valued at over ;£^2,ooo,ooo.

ZORRA TOWNSHIP, EAST AND WEST (1819)

We come, thy friends and neighbors not unknown.
From Eshtaol and Zora's fruitful vale. — Samson Agonistes.
Zorra is the Spanish word for a female fox ; a
strumpet ; a sly, crafty person. Some prefer to derive
this name from Zorah, the birthplace qf Samson, men
tioned in Judges xiii. 2. But it probably got its name
from Sir Peregrine Maitland, in the same way as Lobo in
Middlesex.

NISSOURI TOWNSHIP, EAST (1820)

NiSSOURI is probably Indian, akin to Missouri, which
means " mud river," or river of the big canoe tribe.

3o6 NOTHING BUT NAMES
The Embro Courier is responsible for the following :
We venture to say that there are few people who know
how the township of Nissouri got its name. An old man,
whose people now live in the eastern part of Ontario and
who in the very early history of Nissouri lived in the
northern part of that township, gave the writer a history
of how the township was named, which seemed reasonable,
and is likely true. Long ago, when this county and other
adjoining counties were known as the ' District of Brock,'
Scotch settlers named a section (known now as West and
East Zorra) after the birthplace of Samson. Some
Yankees settled in the west, and in speaking of the section
of the county in which they lived, described it as being
' nigh Zorra,' or near Zorra. There are letters yet in the
possession of Nissouri people addressed ' nigh Zorra,' but
for near half a century the township has been known as
Nissouri." Mr. R. W. Sawtell, of Woodstock, writes : " Many
believe the ' nigh Zorra ' statement of origin, but Mr.
Brown says he knows that is not correct. He says it is
an Indian name, probably meaning gurgling or struggling
waters, as there is, or was, a place in the river which would
warrant such a name. The first public reference made to
the township is in Act 2nd, Geo. I V., ch. 3 ( 1 82 1 ). Previous
to that it was assessed with Zorra and the two Oxfords.
Nissouri was surveyed by Shubael Park, in 1820. Mr.
Cameron, born in East Nissouri in 1828, says that, when a
boy, he tried to find out, from his father and others, the
origin of the name, but did not succeed."

ELGIN COUNTY 307

ELGIN COUNTY (1851)

Oh, better were it ye had never been,
Nor ye, nor Elgin, nor that lesser wight,
The victim .sad of vase-collecting spleen.
— Childe Harold, original MS.
But whilst we here sigh for such pleasures ideal,
Lord Elgin is surely a fortunate man.
To have found out a land all substantial and real.
And fraught with such joys as the joys of Japan. — Punch,
Elgin county was part of the Suffolk county mapped
out in 1792. Then it was for a long period part of
Middlesex county, being separated and given its present
name in 185 1, when Lord Elgin was Governor-General
of Canada. The name is taken from the city of Elgin in
Elgin (formerly Moray) county in Scotland, which gives
his chief title to the Earl of Elgin. In former times
Elgin was a bishop's see. Its cathedral was founded in
1224 and was burned in 1390 by Alexander Stuart,
commonly called the Wolf of Badenoch. The church
erected in its place by Bishop Barr was stripped of its
lead roof in 1568, so that the lead could be sold to main
tain the soldiers of the regent Murray. The noble
structure slowly fell to pieces. The great central tower
and spire, 198 feet high, fell in 1711. The cathedral,
when entire, was an exact model of Lichfield cathedral.
Elgin city has been much improved in the present century
by the erection of handsome public buildings.

3o8 NOTHING BUT NAMES

BAYHAM TOWNSHIP (1810)

And thence through Bayham', where was marked before
A bridle path. — Col, A, H.Burwell.
Near Frant, in Kent, England, are the ruins of
Begeham, or Bayham, abbey one of the earliest founda
tions for monks of the Premonstratension order, erected in
1200, and inhabited until Cardinal Wolsey took the
revenues for his colleges. About 17 14 it was purchased
by John Pratt, Esq., and from him it descended to
Marquis Camden (see Camden township), who derives
from it the title of Viscount Bayham. The demesne
round this venerable ruin is finely varied with wood,
water and picturesque scenery. Lord Viscount Bayham,
M.P. for Bath, voted for the Canada Bill.

MALAHIDE TOWNSHIP (1810)

The dead-bells are tolling
In sad Malahide,
The death-wail is rolling
Along the sea-side. — Gerald Griffin.
Before young Talbot from old Talbot fly.
The coward horse, that bears me, fall and die !
And if I fly, I am not Talbot's son ;
Then talk no more of flight ; it is no boot ;
If son to Talbot, die at Talbot's foot. - — King Henry VI.
This township was named after Malahide, a watering
place in Ireland, nine miles from Dublin, handsomely

ELGIN COUNTY 309
built and frequented by bathers. Malahide, Ireland, was
the birthplace of Colonel Thomas Talbot The town of
St Thomas, and Talbot street, are also named after the
Colonel, who was, in his youth, along with Arthur
Wellesley (the Duke of Wellington), an aide-de-camp to
the Marquis of Buckingham, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
in 1786-88. On the recommendation of Governor Simcoe,
5,000 acres of land were granted to Mr. Talbot in the
township of Yarmouth, and there he built Castle Malahide,
where he kept his bachelor quarters and granted or sold
land to immigrants, up to the time of his death.
Applications for 5,000 acres were common in those days,
and not a few obtained a whole township of land,
Edward Ermatinger writes that Mr. Charles Ingersoll
obtained a grant of the whole township of Oxford ; a
person named Saler the township of Townsend, and
another person named Daton the township of Burford, on
conditions of settlement, which they were unable to fulfil.
In the Archives there is a letter from Thomas Talbot to
the Duke of Cumberland, asking the Duke to obtain from
the King a township of land, free from fees and obligations
of location — the land to be subsequently transferred by
the Duke to Talbot. This is answered by a letter from
the Duke of Kent to Lord Hobart, dated October 11,
i8or, in which the grant of the township is recommended,
but the Duke does not wish his name to appear in the
transaction. Mr. Ermatinger's "Life of Colonel Talbot,"
published in 1859, contains much valuable information
concerning the settlement of the London and St. Thomas
districts.

3 1 o NO THING B UT NA MES

DORCHESTER TOWNSHIP, SOUTH (1798)

His breath-doors of life on a sudden were shut,
And he died full as big as a Dorchester butt. — Francis Fa'wkes.
This township was named in honor of Sir Guy
Carleton, Lord Dorchester (see Carleton county). The
town of Dorchester from which the title is taken is
delightfully situated on the River Frome, and is the
capital of Dorsetshire. It was an important place in
Saxon times, and King Athelstan granted it two mints.
In 1003 the Danes besieged and burnt Dorchester,
demolishing the walls. Clarendon states that Dorchester
was more particularly disaffected to the cause of Charles
I. than any other place in England. He called it a
magazine, from which other places were supplied with the
principles of rebellion, and a seat of great malignity. In
1685 Judge Jeffries held his Bloody Assizes in Dorchester,
on account of the Duke of Monmouth's rebellion, and
many rebels were condemned to death. Another
Dorchester, in Oxford, was in former times a place of
importance, but its chief splendor was confined to the
Saxon ages, and it was not able to recover from the
ravages committed b}- the Danes. The poet Chaucer had
a residence at Dorchester in Oxford.

YARMOUTH TOWNSHIP (1792)

Down Yarmouth road we row'd with cutting speed.
The wind all quiet, arms must to do the deed. — John Taylor.
The township is named after Yarmouth in Norfolk-
shire, which takes its name from the River Yare or Yar.

ELGIN COUNTY 311
In Domesday Book it is described as a royal demesne
with seventy burgesses. It was fortified in 1588, at the
time of the alarm from the Spanish Armada. The quay
of Yarmouth is the longest and finest in the Kingdom.
The barracks for troops were built from the design of Mr.
Pilkington. A naval pillar erected in 1817, in commem
oration of Admiral Lord Nelson, is 140 feet in height.
The principal commerce of Yarmouth is with the Baltic
and Mediterranean ports and with Portugal.

SOUTHWOLD TOWNSHIP (1792)

In matters of commerce the fault of the Dutch
Is giving too little and asking too much.
In battle at Southwold the Dutchmen proved tough ;
Much they took, but they gave us back more than enough.
— Canning & Co.
The name of this township is from Southwold in
Suffolk on the River Blythe, which empties there into the
German Ocean. Herrings and sprats are cured there for
export. Southwold Bay is celebrated for the sanguinary
naval battle that took place there in 1672 between the
British and Dutch fleets, and continued till night, when
the Dutch vessels, being dreadfully shattered, were obliged
to retreat, and the English, having suffered in an equal
degree, were in no condition to pursue them.

DUNWICH TOWNSHIP (1792)

The township is called after Dunwich in Suffolk,
which is supposed to have been a Roman station ; and it

312 NO THING BUT NA MES
was a place of importance, with many churches, ships of
war and other tokens of wealth, in the time of Edward I.,
but the land has been undermined by the sea until nothing
remains but an unimportant village, where sprats are
cured in the same manner as herrings are at Yarmouth.

ALDBOROUGH TOWNSHIP (1792)

By Bawdsey Haven, and by Orford Nass,
And so by Aldborough we at last did pass. —John Taylor.
There are villages called Aldborough in Norfolk and
in Yorkshire, but Aldborough (also called Aldeburgh) in
Suffolk after which the township was named is famous as
the birthplace of Rev. George Crabbe, born 1754, died
1832, who was introduced by Edmund Burke to Lord
Chancellor Thurlow, who presented Mr. Crabbe to rectories
in Dorset and Lincoln consecutivel}'. The publications of
Mr. Crabbe have placed him high on the roll of British
poets ; he is styled "the Poet of the Poor."

MIDDLE.SEX COUNTY 313

MIDDLESEX COUNTY (1796)

And so through the night went his cry of alarm
To every Middlesex village and farm. — Longfellow.
Mini)LEsi;.x county, which extended from Lake Erie to
Lake Huron before a row of townships was taken away
from it to form Elgin county, is still very large, unlike the
Middlesex in l<2ngland, after which it is named. The
whole of the 200,000 acres in the English Middlesex may
be considered as a sort of demesne to the metropolis,
being covered with its villas, intersected* by roads leading
to the city, and laid out in gardens and enclosures of all
sorts for its convenience and support. The united cities
of London and Westminster are situated on the north
bank of the Thames. Previous to the Roman invasion
Middlesex (the country of the Middle Saxons) was
inhabited by a people called in the British language
Trinovantwys.

DORCHESTER TOWNSHIP, NORTH (1798)

See South Dorchester township and Carleton county.

314 NOTHING BUT NAMES

WESTMINSTER TOWNSHIP (1798)

In grim Westminster, 'neath its ancient nave
And century-chronicling arches span on span,
England doth give her greatest heart a grave.
Housing at last this wondrous modern man ;
'Round whose hushed rest the mad world thunders on.
As loud Atlantic surfs o'er some old galleon.
— W. Wilfrid Campbell.
The ancient city of Westminster in England, after
which this township was named on account of its
proximity to London, was rnade a bishopric, and therefore
a city, in the sixteenth century, but its first and last
bishop, Thomas 'Thirleby, was translated to Norwich in
1550; the see was suppressed, but Westminster has ever
since ranked as a city, and the second in the empire. Its
principal ornament for many centuries has been its
magnificent abbey, the site of which was, in early times,
one of the most desolate-looking tracts in the neighbor
hood of the capital ; encompassed on three sides by water,
over-grown with brambles, and appropriately called
"Thorny Island." A temple of Apollo is said to have
occupied the site of the present Abbey of Westminster.
This was destroyed and a Christian Church erected by
Lucius (so tradition states) some time after A.D. 170.
Another King (Siebert of the East Saxons) built a church
there during the seventh century. A small portion of its
wall is shown in the present building. King Edward (the
Confessor) founded the Abbey and Church of West
minster, or the West-Minster, and had it consecrated
December 28, 1065. A day or two afterwards Edward
died and was on New Year's morning, 1066, buried in his

MIDDLESEX COUNTl 315
new minster. His successor, Harold, the last of the Saxon
Kings, was crowned there on the afternoon of the same
day. It will be noted that from the first week of its
consecration the church of Westminster Abbey was used
as a place of sepulchre for the illustrious dead of England.
Canadian visitors note with satisfaction the magnificent
monument of General Wolfe, the hero of the Plains of
Abraham.

DELAWARE TOWNSHIP (1798)

Though he's fighting me in armour.
While I arn hghting bare.
Even more than this I'd venture
For young Lord Delaware. — Lyle' s A}icunil Ballads.
^'et, yet forgive me, oh ye sacred few.
Whom late by Delaware's green banks I knew. — Moore.
The township of Delaware is called from the Indian
tribe of that name, who, having been converted by the
Moravians, were driven from one point to another in the
United States, some of them finally settling on the
Thames River in Upper Canada. The name comes from
Lord De la Warr, Governor of Virginia in 1610, the
descendant of Sir Thomas West, of Snitterfield, county of
Warwick, who accompanied Edward III. to France in
1329 and helped him fight David Bruce, King of Scotland
in 1333. The name was formerly written De la Warre.

3 1 6 NO THING B UT NA MES

CARADOC TOWNSHIP (1S20)

The first was Lancelot de Lac,
The second Tristrem bold.
The third was valiant Carodac
Wlio won the cup of gold. — The Bridal of Triermain.
This is a name both ancient and famous. "About two
miles from Church Stretton, in Shropshire, is Caer Caradoc,
or the Mount of Caractacus, on the top of which are the
remains of an old British camp surrounded b}' a double
ditch ; the prospect from the summit is ver}- extensive." —
Dugdale.
"In Shropshire, where the River Colun meets the Ri\er
Temd, among several dangerous fords ariseth a hill,
accessible but at one place and ver}- famous in ancient
times, called Caer Caradock, because about the }-ear of our
Lord 53 Caratacus, a renowned British King, fortified it
with a bulwark of stone, and defended it gallantly against
Octavius and the Roman legions. The}- tell us that a
King was beaten on this hill ; and in the \\'elsh book
called Triades, among the three renowned British heroes,
Caradauc is the chief, who seems undoubtedly to have
been this same Caratacus.''
"On the side of Ludlow Castle, in Shropshire, opposite
the town are seen Oakley Park, the celebrated Caer
Caradoc, and the Clee Hill."
Caradoc, King of \^'ales, was slain A.D. 795, at The
Marsh, or Morfa Rhuddla, in Flintshire, where a bloody
conflict took place between the Saxons and the \\"elsh.
There is a beautiful, plaintive melody, which borrows its

MIDDLESEX COUNTY 317
name from the occasion, preserved in "Jones' Musical
Reliques." There is a district in Wales mentioned by Sir Roderick
Murchison, the geologist, as "the Caradoc formation."
The word is also a modern family name. Right Hon.
John Hobart Caradoc, Lord Howden, born 1799, as Col.
Caradoc was present at Navarino and at the siege of
Antwerp. In 1850 he was ambassador at the court of
Madrid. He sat in Parliament as M. P. for Dundalk
before the passing of the Reform Bill.
"The Caradoc" was the name of the ship upon which
Lord Raglan went to the Crimea in 1854, and his body
was taken back to England on the same ship for
interment.

EKFRID TOWNSHIP (1821)

On history's page place Egfrid's name above
Later exemplars of Platonic love.

— Corbett.

Ekfrid, or Egfrid, or Ecgfrith, is another historical
British name. As Caradoc of Wales fought the Saxons,
so Ekfrid of Northumbria fought the Britons. The
Venerable Bede says that Prince Egfrid, son of Oswy,
King of Northumberland, married Princess Etheldreda,
daughter of Anna, King of East Anglia, who was born
about the year 630. She had received from her first
husband, Tonbert, full possession of the Isle of Ely, which
had been settled on her in dower. On the death of Oswy
in 670 Egfrid succeeded to the throne, but Etheldreda,
pleading religious conviction, got his permission to enter
the monastery of Coldingharn, whence she refused to
return. Egfrid's esteem for her increasing, he resolved.

3i8 NOTHING BUT NAMES
as persuasions were ineffectual, to remove her by force.
She fled to the Isle of Ely, pursued by King Egfrid who
overtook her near a rocky eminence, where she was
suddenly surrounded by water. Egfrid, believing this to
be an interposition of heaven in her favor, retired to York
and permitted her to pursue her journey to Ely, where she
founded a church and was surrounded until her death by
a congregation of religious persons. The husband found
diversion, if not consolation, in deeds of arms. Green
says that Ecgfrith so utterly defeated Wulfhere that he
was glad to purchase peace by the surrender of Lincoln
shire. Ecgfrith's reign marks the highest pitch of
Northumbrian power. His armies chased the Britons
from the Kingdom of Cumbria and made the district of
Carlisle English ground. The Firth of Forth had long
been the limit of Northumbria, but in 685 Ecgfrith
resolved on the subjection of the Picts and marched across
the Forth. In a few days a solitary fugitive told that the
Picts had turned at bay as the English army entered Fife,
and that Ecgfrith and the flower of his nobles lay, a
ghastly ring of corpses, on the far-off moorland of
Nectansmere.

MOSA TOWNSHIP (1821I

" Brotier thinks the wood where Civilis held his convention was
between the Rhine and the Mosa (the Meuse), at a place now called
Dooden-Werd. " — Note to History of Tacitus.
MoSA is the Latin and the Spanish name of the River
Meuse, in Belgic Gaul. It was on the banks of the River
Meuse that Blucher's Prussian army was drawn up a few
days before the battle of Waterloo. The Germans call
the river Maas.

MIDDLESEX COUNTY 319

METCALFE TOWNSHIP (1847)

Oh ! thrice ennobled in Canadian love,
Metcalfe, the wise and good, the sure defence
And bright adornment of our northern land . . .
The sage, the Christian and the statesman joined,
And Metcalfe's name the synonym of all. - ir. Kirby.
This township was called Metcalfe after Sir Charles
(Lord) Metcalfe, born in Calcutta, 1785, died 1846. He
was Governor-General of Canada in 1843, after having
performed eminent services in India. His epitaph, written
by Macaulay, terms him "a statesman, tried in many
offices and difficult corijunctures, and found equal to all."
A good man, kind, generous and affable, with a heart
overflowing with Christian charity, and a hand ever ready
to assist the need}'. Sir Charles Metcalfe removed every
restriction and conferred upon British India a totally
unshackled press. He was raised to the peerage in 1844,
but on account of terrible suffering from cancer he was
obliged to leave Canada after onl}- two }'ears of office.
Metcalfe is a small township, which was cut off from
Adelaide, probably because Lord Mountcashel held so
much wild land, on the absentee principle, in the latter
township.

320

NOTHING BUT NAMES

ADELAIDE TOWNSHIP (1830)

Know ye the voice that so thrillingly rings
From the gods to the pit as Miss Adelaide sings ? — Punch.
In William's way there came a maiden fair.
With soft, meek look, and sweet, retiring air. — Crabbe.
This township was named in honor of Amelia Adelaide
Louisa Theresa Carolina, eldest daughter of George,
Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Meiningen, and wife of King
William IV. of England, born 1792, died 1849. In one
biographical sketch of this lady it is stated that " in
the month of June, 1818, it was her happy fortune
to be united to his Royal Highness the Duke of
Clarence ; that the fine disposition and cultivated mind
of the Duchess were soon made conspicuous in deeds
of kindness and benevolence, and that when the Duke
of Clarence, in 1830, became King of England, Her Royal
Highness burst into tears, but quickly recovered her
presence of mind." The same writer says that " no
monarch had ever more reason to respect and love the
partner of his royal eminence than William the Fourth."
All of which may be true. But in 181 8, at the time of
their marriage, William was fifty-three years old and
Adelaide was twenty-six, and William already had four
sons and four daughters whose mother was still alive. A
more glaring and outrageous case of bigamy has seldom
been recorded. King William died in 1837. His ro}-al
widow, known for the succeeding twelve years as " the
Queen Dowager," won the deepest respect of the nation
by her gentle, womanly virtues, and by the sincere and
humble piety of her character as a Christian. Dying in

MIDDLESEX COUNTY 321
1849, she left directions that her mortal remains should
be borne to the grave, without any pomp or state, by
sailors.

WEST NISSOURI TOWNSHIP (1820)

See East Nissouri.

LONDON TOWNSHIP (1798)

'Mid modern London's thund'rous throb and roar.
Centre of all that storm of human life,
That mad unrest, on whose high wave he bore
The brunt of battle, greatest in its strife.
This man shall sleep ; whose time-worn titan breast
Now throbs no more to break its mighty rest.
— W. Wafrid Campbell.
This township takes its name from London, the
metropolis of the British Empire, the largest, most popu
lous and wealthiest city in the world, which was a British
town before the arrival of the Romans in Britain. Tacitus
called it Londinium. The Romans under Claudius called
it Augusta. The name selected by Governor Simcoe for
his proposed city at the forks of the Thames was
Georgina, but his successor preferred London as the
appropriate name for the capital of Middlesex county, and
even the street, bridge and suburban names are copied
from those of old London.

322 NOTHING BUT NAMES
LOBO TOWNSHIP (1821)

From Lobo, the Spanish word for wolf (See Oso,
Mono and Zorra.) A correspondent of the Gentleman's
Magazine (1830) writes of the "Voyage to Abyssinia"
being "translated from Lobo," in 1789, and adds that it
had been published as long ago as 1735.

BIDDULPH TOWNSHIP (1830)

The township of Biddulph, which originally belonged
to Huron cotint}', takes its name from Robert Biddulph,
one of the original directors of the Canada Land Company.
The name is prominent in the rolls of the British army
and legislature. Michael Biddulph is member for Ross
Division (Hereford) in the House of Commons. Theo. G.
Biddulph is a baronet, with the title dating from 1664.
General Sir Robert Biddulph is a G. C. M. G., General Sir
Michael A. S. Biddulph is Gentleman Usher of the Black
Rod, and Lady Elizabeth Biddulph is one of the Queen's
Bedchamber Women. There is a village in Staffordshire
called Biddulph.

McGILLIVRAY TOWNSHIP (1830)
Was named after Simon McGillivray, Director of
the Canada Land Company. This township at first
belonged to Huron County. Simon McGillivray, of the
firm of McTavish, Fraser & Co., wrote to Lord Liverpool
on Nov. 10, 1 8 10, enclosing copies of documents trans
mitted to the Marquis of Wellesley from the Committee
of British merchants interested in the trade and fisheries

MIDDLESEX COUNTY 323
of His Majesty's North American Colonies. On Jan. 2,
18 1 3, Simon McGillivray wrote to Mr. Goulbourn a letter,
dated London, respecting the application of the North
west Company to the Admiralty for protection to their
intended expedition. In the Archives of 1897, Simon
McGillivray is very frequently mentioned (in one case
Simon McGillivray, junior), in connection with events
occurring between 1811 and 1820. In one letter (Aug.
15, 1 819) Attorney-General Robinson proposed to include
Simon McGillivray with others in a charge of conspiracy.
On April 22, 1821, J. G. McTavish wrote from Fort
William an account of the arrest of Simon McGillivray at
Fort Wedderburn. In 1822, in response to appeals from
the Masonic Convention, the Grand Lodge of England
authorized Brother Simon McGillivray to proceed to
Canada and reorganize the craft. This he accomplished
by the opening of a Provincial Grand Lodge at York in
October, 1822.

WILLIAMS TOWNSHIP, EAST AND WEST (1830)

Divinest Williams, in fine frenzy s hour,
Didst see an Eagle (through prophetic lens)
Protect the feathered warblers, but devour
The Little Birds who make of feathers — pens !"
— A French Journalist in Punch,
This township was named after \\'illiam Williams,
M.P., Deputy Governor of the Canada Land Company,
Kingsford says " the new Governor sent to conduct the
affairs of the Hudson's Bay Company (in 18 18) was Mr.
William Williams, who had been in the service of the East
India Company." This was probably the same Mr.
Williams.

324 NOTHING BUT NAMES

KENT COUNTY (1792)

Kent, in the commentaries Csesar writ,
Is term'd the civil'st place of all this isle ;
Sweet is the country, because full of riches ;
The people liberal, valiant, active, wealthy. — King Henry VI.
This county was called after Kent, a maritime county
of England, very beautiful in its general aspect, owing to
the inequality of its surface and the diversity of the
scenery. Hop-growing, sheep-raising and ship-building
are among its important industries. The Kentish men
met William the Conqueror and demanded and obtained
the confirmation of all their rights and privileges, as the
condition of their submission. Kent was one of the
Kingdoms of the Saxon Heptarchy. The Canadian
county of Kent, as first constituted, had its nominal
northern boundary at the Hudson Bay territory, and
included "all the territory to the westward and southward
to the utmost extent of the country commonly known by
the name of Canada," which explains why the present
Essex has some townships with Kent names, and vice
versa. In the year 1800 the limits of the county were
determined about as they remain to the present day_
James Soutar, of Chatham, says that prior to 1794 the
townships of Kent were numbered. Zone was named in
1821 ; the other townships in 1794, the first survey being
made in 1792.

KENT COUNTY 325

ORFORD TOWNSHIP (1794)

For Orford and for Waldegrave
You gave much more than me you gave ;
Which is not fairly to behave. — Byron s jwte to Murray,
Shall this new throng of ministers succeed ?
And Orford, spite of new creation, bleed ?
— Gentleman's Magazine, 1742,
The township takes its name from the town of Orford
in Suffolk, which was a place of importance until the sea
threw up a dangerous bar and choked the mouth of the
harbor. The township was named before Simcoe's Suffolk
county was abolished. There is a considerable oyster
fishery at Orford as well as a ruined Norman castle and a
lighthouse. Sir Robert Walpole was made Earl of Orford
in 1742. Before that time the title belonged to a branch
of the Russells, for " Edward Russell, Earl of Orford, who
commanded at the celebrated battle of La Hogue, resided
in Chelsea, 1703-07. Sir Robert Walpole subsequently
obtained from the Crown a lease of the house and gardens,
and made this spot his occasional residence."

HOWARD TOWNSHIP (1794)

When, from beneath the greenwood tree.
Rode forth Lord Howard's chivalry. — Lay of the Last Minstrel.
The township was named after Thomas Howard, Earl
of Effingham, whose daughter, Lady Mary Howard, was

326 NOTHING BUT NAMES
married in 1772 to Sir Guy Carleton, who was Governor-
General of Canada at the time this township was sur\-eyed
and named. Sir George Howard, ^M.P. for Stamford,
voted for the Canada Bill.

HARWICH TOWNSHIP (1794)

We saw the far-spent day withdraw his light,
And made for Harwich, where we la)' all night. — John Taylor.
The township is called after Harwich in Essex,
England, which gets its name from the Saxon terms hare,
an army, and wick or wich, a strong place, suggesting its
having been a fortified place for troops. A naval engage
ment between the Anglo-Saxon and Danish fleets took
place at Harwich in SS4. Ship-building furnishes
employment to most of its inhabitants. The scenerj' of
the river is beautiful, and the town is much frequented in
summer for sea-bathing.

RALEIGH TOWNSHIP (1794)

A\-e've Raleighs still for Raleigh's part
We've Nelsons yet unknown. — H. C. Meri-cale.
There is a parish called Rayleigh on the old maps of
Essex, England, which was formerly a market town, with
a Lawless Court, at which the tenants were bound to
appear once a year at the first cock-crowing ; all the
business being conducted in whispers. But the tdwnship

KENT COUNTY 327
may have been named after Sir Walter Raleigh, born
1552, beheaded 1618, a favorite of Queen Elizabeth, who
brought potatoes and tobacco from Virginia — "a man of
imposing person, dauntless courage, extensive knowledge
and varied accomplishments. His speeches show a
knowledge of the principle of political economy far above
his time." Macaulay says in his essay on "Burleigh and
his Times : "
"We had intended to say something concerning
Raleigh the soldier, the sailor, the scholar, the courtier,
the orator, the poet, the historian, the philosopher, whom
we picture to ourselves, sometimes reviewing the Queen's
guard, sometimes giving chase to a Spanish galleon, then
answering the chiefs of the country party in the House ot
Commons, then again murmuring one of his sweet love-
songs too near the ears of Her Highness' maids of honor,
and soon after poring over the Talmud, or collating
Polybius with Livy."
Carew Raleigh, son of Sir Walter, was buried at
Horsley West in Surrey; near his coffin a human skull,
without any other bones or covering, was found in a niche
in the rock of chalk, which is supposed to have been that
of Sir Walter, brought there by his son with the intention
of having it buried with himself Within a short distance
is the venerable old mansion, which formerly belonged to
the Raleigh family.

TILBURY TOWNSHIP, EAST (1794)

I am ready to bet my new Tilbury that
If Luvois has proposed, the Comtesse has refused. — Owen Meredith.
This township is named after Tilbury Fort in Essex,
England, which stands close to the banks of the Thames ;

328 NOTHING BUT NAMES
it was originali}- a block house, erected in the time of
Henry ^'II1., but after the memorable attack of the Dutch
fleet in 1667, it was converted into a regular fortification.
In the neighborhood some traces of the camp, formed to
oppose the invasion of the Spanish Armada in the reign
of Elizabeth, are still visible. Tilbury East is situated on
the part of the Thames called the Hope, where there is a
battery for the defence of the Thames below Tilbur}- Fort.
Here was an ancient ferr}- over the Thames, said to be the
place where Claudius passed in pursuit of the Britons.
The lofty tower of the ancient manor house of Gossah-ne
was battered down b}- the Dutch fleet in the reign of
Charles IL

ROMNEY TOWNSHIP (1794)
^\"ere Romney's limning true,
^\-hat a lucky dog were you." — Fred. Locker.
By Hyde, b}- Romney and by Romney Marsh,
The tide against us. and the wind blew harsh. — John Taylor.
Romney township takes its name from a deca}'ed
town and Cinque Port in Kent, England. Romney INIarsh,
a sheep pasture of 24,000 acres, is protected from the sea
by an immense embankment Romne}- Marsh was a
favorite place for smugglers to operate in the old days of
high customs duties, owing to its low, sand}^ flats, where
eas}- landings could be effected, and the hill}- and broken
ground at the back, which afforded exceptional facilities for
the concealment of contraband goods.
George Romne}- was an English painter, 1734-1S02,
who obtained in 1763 the second premium of fift}- guineas
for a picture of the Death of General ^^'olfe.

KENT COUNTY 329

ZONE TOWNSHIP (1821)

And every one .said, " How tall they've grown.
For they ve been to the Lakes, and the Torrible Zone."
— Edward Lear.
The present township of Zone was cut off from the
northern part of Orford, it being thought advisable to give
a separate organization to the zone or district reserved for
the Moravian Indians. The original township of Zone
included Euphemia.

CAMDEN TOWNSHIP, WEST (1794)

See Camden East, Addington county.

CHATHAM TOWNSHIP (1794)

" How now, who's there ? "
" The clerk of Chatham ; he can write, and read, and cast accompt."
" O monstrous ! "
" We took him setting of boys' copies."
" Here's a villain." — King Henry Vl.
The township takes the name of the city of Chatham,
on the river Medway, built on the site of a Roman camp,
from which many skeletons and coins have been dug up.
William I. granted the manor to Bishop Odo, and subse
quently to Haman de Crevecoeur, a Norman knight. The

330 NOTHING BUT NAMES
importance of the town of Chatham has arisen from its
dockyard and arsenal, instituted in the reign of Elizabeth
and since greatly extended. There is a hospital in
Chatham for decayed mariners and shipwrights, founded
in 1592 by the brave Admiral Sir John Hawkins, and
incorporated by Queen Elizabeth. The dockyard is a
mile long. In 1667 the Dutch, under De Ruyter, sailed
up to Chatham, destroyed the stores, and carried off a
ship of war, the Royal Charles.
On September 20th, 1793, Governor Simcoe wrote to
Secretary Dundas proposing London as the seat of
Government for Upper Canada, and stating that he had
marked out a place to be called Oxford (Woodstock),
likely to become a town, and another likel}- to become the
capital of the Lower District, called Chatham. (Archives
of 1891). The situations of these three points on the Canadian
Thames, corresponding to Oxford, London, and Chatham
on the Thames in England, suggests Simcoe's motive in
selecting those names.
William Pitt, junior, was Premier 1783-1801, and the
fact that he was the son of \A'illiam Pitt, first Earl of
Chatham, may have had something to do with the choice
of this name by Simcoe for the town and township. The
story of William Pitt, the great Commoner, born 1708,
died 1778, from the time he entered Parliament as a young
cornet of horse and replied to Sir Robert Walpole's
charge of youth and inexperience in the speech beginning
with " The atrocious crime of being a young man," until he
sank, nigh unto death, while speaking in the House of
Lords against the motion of the Duke of Richmond to
recognize the independence of America, is familiar to
every student of English history. Macaulay says :
" Chatham sleeps near the northern door of the Church

KENT COUNTY 331
(Westminster Abbey) in a spot which has ever since been
appropriated to statesmen, as the other end of the same
transept has long been to poets. Mansfield rests there,
and the second William Pitt, and Fox, and Grattan, and
Canning, and Wilberforce. In no other cemetery do so
many great citizens lie within so narrow a space. High'
over those venerable graves towers the stately monument
of Chatham, and from above, his effigy, graven by a
cunning hand, seems still, with eagle face and outstretched
arms, to bid- England be of good cheer, and to hurl
defiance at her foes. The generation which reared that
memorial of him has disappeared. The time has come
when the rash and indiscriminate judgments which his
contemporaries passed on his character may be calmly
revised by history. And history, while for the warning of
vehement, high and daring natures, she notes his many
errors, will yet deliberately pronounce that, among the
eminent men whose bones lie near his, scarcely one has
left a more stainless, and none a more splendid, name.''
Green says : — " Pitt (Chatham) could silence an
opponent with a look of scorn, or crush the whole House
with a single word, but he never stooped to the arts by
which men form a political party. His real strength,
indeed, lay not in Parliament, but in the people at large."
In the Canadian Archives there is a minute of the
Executive Council, dated January 17, 1 807, on Col.
Robertson's memorial for reimbursement of his expenses
for surveying and subdividing the township of Chatham.

NOTHING BUT NAMES

DOVER TOWNSHIP, EAST AND WEST (1794)

When he ruled all seas over, from Euxine to Dover,
And bore down on John Bull, that piratical rover. —Punch,
The township takes its name from Dover, in Kent,
long celebrated as a sea port, which occupies a romantic
situation. Its name is derived from the British word
Dif}^rrha, which signifies a steep place, whence the Saxons
called it Dorpa and Antoninus called it Dubris. The
fortress was probably erected in the reign of the Emperor
Claudius. The walls enclose thirt}--five acres and the
barracks accommodate 2,000 men. The wells which
supph' the garrison with water are 370 feet deep. Dover
has become the residence of man}- families during the
bathing season. Philip Yorke. Earl of Hardwicke, Lord
Chief Justice and Lord Chancellor, was born at Dover in
1690 and died in 1764.

LAMBTON COUNTY 333

LAMBTON COUNTY (1850)

Nor believe in the Bible with faith so firm
As the legend of the Lambton worm. — Durham Chronicle.
This county was named in honor of Sir John George
Lambton, Earl of Durham, born 1792, died 1840. He
represented Durham in the House of Commons 1813-28;
was Ambassador to Russia; Lord Privy Seal 1830-33;
Governor-General of Canada 1838-40. He made the
famous report, sometimes credited to his Secretary Buller,
which resulted in the union of the two Canadas and the
establishment of the municipal system. The Lambton
family has occupied the same estate at Lambton in
Durham since a period very soon after the Norman
Conquest. Lord Durham's father was a Whig member of
Parliament ; his mother was Lady Anne Barbara Frances
Villiers, daughter of the Earl of Jersey, and four years
after the death of Mr. Lambton she married Hon. Charles
William Wyndham, son of the Earl of Egremont. Lord
Durham was an outspoken Radical when he was in the
House of Commons and his elevation to the peerage in
1828 did not change his tone. He was twice married, his
second wife being a daughter of Earl Grey, Premier of
Great Britain. One of Lord Durham's daughters married
the Earl of Elgin who was Governor of Canada.

334 NOTHING BUT NAMES

EUPHEMIA TOWNSHIP (184S)

EUPHE.MIA is a Greek word, meaning "good language,
silence, praise." The township was called after Mrs.
Euphemia Cameron, nee McGregor, mother of the Hon.
Malcolm Cameron, who represented Kent and Lambton
in Parliament in 1848, and was Assistant Commissioner of
Public Works in the Baldwin-Lafontaine Government.
On the old maps Euphemia is included in Zone.

BROOKE TOWNSHIP (1834)

Though no "braes," they have Bankes, and a. Brooke, though
no fountain ;
.A. Hill they ve secured ; they ve no place for a mountain.
— Westminster Collection, Punch.
This township is by some believed to have been named
in honor of Sir James Brooke, born 1803, died 1868,
Rajah of Sarawak (see Sarawak township) whose exploits
from 1838 to 1S47 in establishing a British protectorate
over that portion of Borneo made him the popular hero of
the period. Its proximity to Warwick township suggests
another origin, one of the titles of the Earl of Warwick
being Baron Brooke. In the time of Henr}- \\\. one of
the Willoughb}-s was made Baron Brooke, the title being
taken from his place of residence, Brooke, near Westbur}-,
in \A'iltshire, so called from the rivulet that runs there.
By intermarriage with the Beauchamps and the Grevilles,
the titles of Brooke and W^arwick came into the same

LAMBTON COUNTY 335
family. The Lord Brooke of Charles I.'s time had serious
intentions of emigrating to America, but he afterwards
joined the Parliamentary forces and fought against the
King. The town of Saybrook in New England is located
on the land acquired for a settlement by Viscount Say and
Sele and Lord Brooke. The name of Daniel Brooke,
Lieutenant and Acting Adjutant, is attached to several of
the treaties made with the Indians in the first half of this
century.

WARWICK TOWNSHIP (1834)

By gallant Guy of Warwick slain
Was Colbrand, that gigantic Dane.

-Huddesford,

For then I'll marry Warwick's youngest daughter.
What, though I killed her husband, and her father !
The readiest way to make the wench amends.
Is — to become her husband, and her father. — King Richa.rd III,
The township is named after Warwick, an inland
county of England, intersected by the great Roman road
called Watling street. In 1263 Kenilworth Castle was
garrisoned by the Barons in revolt against Henry III. In
the civil war in the 17th century, the people of Warwick
in general adhered to the cause of the Parliament, prob
ably through the influence of the Earl of Warwick and
Lord Brooke. The land in the Forest of Arden is
especially adapted for the growth of the oak. The town
of Warwick is situated on the Avon. It is not a place of
much commercial importance. Warwick Castle, one of
the finest baronial residences remaining in England, is
situated upon a rock which rises perpendicularly forty feet

336 NOTHING BUT NAMES
above the Avon. Guy's Tower was built in 1394 by
Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. The walls are ten
feet thick. At the hamlet of Guy's Cliff, in Warwick
shire, is a church with a cell for a hermit, to which Guy,
Earl of Warwick, renowned in story, is said to have retired
after his duel with the Danish giant, Colebrand. On the
cliff, not far from the church, is a gigantic figure, cut out
of massive rock, by Richard Beauchamp, in the reign of
Henry VI., to perpetuate the memory of the exploits of
his ancestor, Guy.

BOSANQUET TOWNSHIP (1830)

The township of Bosanquet was called after Charles
Bosanquet, M.P., first Governor of the Canada Company.
The name is an uncommon one, but it appears occasionally
in the literature of the century. One of the Smiths of the
Baron Carrington connection was authorized to take the
name of Bosanquet after that of Smith, having married
in 1858 Cecilia Jane Wentworth, only child and heir of
George Jacob Bosanquet, of Broxbournbury, Herts.
Jacob Bosanquet was connected with the East India
Company in 1797, and was Chairman of the Court of
Directors of the East India Company in 1802. In that
capacity he wrote instructions to the Marquis Wellesley.
Another Mr. Bosanquet was mate of H.M. brig Black
Joke, which on April 22, 1831, captured the Spanish brig
Marinerito off the west coast of Africa with 496 slaves on
board. Mr. Bosanquet was wounded while leading the
boarding party.

LAMBTON COUNTY 337

DAWN TOWNSHIP (1829)

Soon on another sky the Dawn restores
Auroral glories, soon the sequent sun
Returns, and soon with might
Scattereth shafts ethereal, and anon
Lucent shall flood with flame your floors. — Giacomo Leopardi.
The oldest inhabitants cannot explain the name of
this township. A Mr. King, of Virginia, settled some of
his freed slaves there, and it is suggested that this name
may have come from the idea of the Dawn of Liberty.
The society at Dresden which took charge of the refugee
slaves was called the British and American Institution.
The name of Dawn is found on the first Canada Company
map, dedicated to George IV., and therefore issued before
1830, whereas the dealings with the liberated slaves were
of a later date.

ENNISKILLEN TOWNSHIP (1834)

In spurs and out sabres ! Now bend to your labors,
Enniskillen and gallant Scots Gray I
Full oft in the fight you've aforetime stood neighbors.
But ne'er in more desperate fray. — The Battle of Balaklava.
The township of Enniskillen takes its name from the
town in Ireland where the Protestants won a battle in
1689. Sir Galbraith Lowry Cole, born 1772, died 1842,
son of the first Earl of Enniskillen, was a General who
fought at Salamanca and Vittoria, and was probably A

338 NOTHING BUT NAMES
comrade in arms of Sir John Colborne. His brother, John
Willoughby Cole, second Earl of Enniskillen, married
Lady Charlotte Paget, daughter of the Earl of Uxbridge,
and sister of the first ^larquis of .Anglese}- (see Anglesey
township). Enniskillen in Fermanagh, founded b}- Pro
testant settlers, received a municipal charter in 1612.
The word is derived from the Gaelic Inis-Cethlenn, which
means, Cethlenn's island.

PLYMPTON TOWNSHIP (1S34)

Dear Croom and dear Plimpton, thanks for your letter,
Go on as you're doing ; you couldn't do better. —Punch.
This name is from Pl}'mpton, a town in Devonshire,
on the river Plym, near which was Beechwood, a beautiful
residence belonging to Lord Seaton (Sir John Colborne).
The ancient castle at Plympton, now in ruins, covered two
acres. Sir Joshua Reynolds, the illustrious artist, was born
at Plympton in 1723.

SARNIA TOWNSHIP (1S35)

Sarnia is the Roman name of the Isle of Guernsey,
where Sir John Colborne was Governor, before he came to
Canada. Guernsey was formerly a part of the Duchy of
Normandy, and was annexed to England b}- Henr}- I. in
1108. Ever}- part of the coast is fortified. Fig trees,
myrtles, geraniums and oranges grow luxuriantly in the

LAMBTON COUNTY 339
genial climate of Guernse}'. The inhabitants are chiefly
of Norman or Breton extraction.
The tradition with regard to the naming of Sarnia
town and township is that in 1835 Sir John Colborne,
then Governor, visited Sarnia (then called The Rapids)
with a view of establishing a fort for the protection of
Canada ; that he was feasted right royally by the Sarnia
celebrities of the day, among whom were Geo. Durand,
Capt Vidal, John Jones, Capt Elliott, S. Proctor, etc.;
that an excursion (the first on record in Lambton) was
planned for a trip up the rapids into Lake Huron ; that
just as the boat got rightly into the lake a stiff breeze from
the Manitoulins^sprang up, inducing His Excellency to
give the captain orders to " bout ship" and get into the St.
Clair again. The story goes that a contention was raging
about this time amongst the Sarnians about naming the
village ; that the matter was referred to His Excellency,
and that he suggested the name of the Channel Island,
formerly his home.

MOORE TOWNSHIP (1834)

No useless cofBn enclosed his breast.
Nor in sheet, nor in shroud, we wound him ;
But he lay like a warrior taking his rest.
With his martial cloak around him. — Rev. Charles Wolfe.
This township was named after Sir John Moore, born
in Glasgow, 1761, fell in battle at Corunna, 1809. He
served in Minorca and America 1776-83, Gibraltar 1790,
Corsica I79i,the West Indies 1795, Ireland 1798, Holland,
with the Duke of York, 1799, Aboukir, with Abercromby,

3^o

NOTHING BUT NAMES

iBoi, Sicily and Sweden 1808, thence to Portugal, where
he was killed by a cannon shot at the battle of Corunna.
The British Parliament had a monument erected to Sir
John Moore in St Paul's Cathedral. Sir John Colborne
was military secretary and principal aide-de-camp to Sir
John Moore in Sicily, Sweden and Portugal, and was
present at the battle of Corunna. Just before Sir John
Moore's death he spoke most kindly to Major Colborne,
and turning to another said : "Remember you go to 
and tell him that it is my request that he will befriend
Major Colborne ; he has long been with me, and I know
him most worthy of it."

SOMBRA TOWNSHIP (1822)

L' horizon tout entier s'enveloppe dans I'ombre,
Et le soleil mourant, sur un ciel riche et sombre,
Ferme les branches d'or de son rouge ^ventail. — M. de Heredia.
Sombra is the Spanish word meaning shade. This
township was a reserve for the Shawanese Indians, and
was probably thickly wooded (shaded) after the adjacent
townships were partly cleared and settled by white men.

ESSEX COUNTY 341

ESSEX COUNTY (1792)

Tliere to an ICssex audience, with draffy Essex brains,
Uprose a wordy, shallow man, and spoke in sounding strains. — Punch,
This county is named after Essex county in England,
which derives many advantages from its maritime situa
tion, though the fogs and exhalations from the marshes
make it unhealthy. Much of the land has been reclaimed
by draining and embanking. The word Essex means the
country of the East Saxons.

MERSEA TOWNSHIP (1792)

Grateful for the tribute paid,
Lordly Mersey lov'd the inaid ;
^'onder rocks still mark the place
Where she met his stern embrace. — Mr. Roscoe.
This township is called after Mersea, a finely wooded
island of England, in Essex, in a bay of the North Sea,
called the Blackwater, connected with the mainland by a
long causeway covered at high water. Its length is five
miles and breadth two, and it is a place of great natural
beaut}>.

342 NOTHING BUT NAMES

GOSFIELD TOWNSHIP (1792)

This township takes its name from the village of
Gosfield in Essex, England, in which stands Gosfield Hall,
the elegant seat of the Duke of Buckingham. The
mansion, though greatly altered, presents an interesting
specimen of the domestic architecture which prevailed
during the reign of Henry VIL, who strictly enforced the
ancient prerogative of the Crown in prohibiting his
subjects from erecting castles. Gosfield Hall was a large
pile of brick, enclosing a quadrangular court, into which
all the lower tier of windows opened. Queen Elizabeth
twice visited the Lady Ryche at Gosfield. Gosfield Park
is extensive, well wooded, and contains a noble sheet of
water of 102 acres, which adds much to its picturesque
beauty. In Gosfield Church is an epitaph composed by
Alexander Pope. About half a mile east of the church is
Gosfield Place, a handsome modern building, surrounded
by 200 acres of land.

COLCHESTER TOWNSHIP (1792)

No Colchester oyster
Is sweeter and moister. — Dean Swift.

The township of Colchester takes its name from a city
in Essex, England, on the river Colne, fifty-one miles from
London. It contains churches dating back to Edward II.
and Henry I. The vicinity is rich in Roman coins, vases.

ESSEX COUNTY 343
urns, pottery, rings and other Roman antiquities. Col
chester was fortified by Edward the Elder, and at the time
of the Domesday survey was a place of no small note.
When a Roman colony, Camulodunum was destroyed by
the Britons under Bunduica, but according to Pliny it was
soon rebuilt It was a famous fighting ground between the
Saxons and the Danes, the latter generally holding it. In
the time of King John, the Earl of Winchester besieged
Colchester, but hearing that the barons assembled in
London were coming to its relief he retired to Bury St.
Edmund's. In 1218 Colchester was taken b}- the soldiers
of Prince Louis, son of Philip II. of France, but the
banner of France was not suffered to wave long on the
castle. In the reign of Elizabeth many Flemings, expelled
by the Duke of Alva, settled in Colchester and introduced
profitable manufactures. In the Civil War the inhabitants
took the side of King Charles I., but Lord Goring was
unable to hold the town against Fairfax, and after the
surrender Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle were
put to death, their bodies being interred in St. Giles'
Church, where the following inscription marks their last
resting place : " Under this marble ly the bodies of the two
most valiant captains, Sr. Charles Lvcas, and Sr. George
Lisle, Knts., who for their eminent loyalty to their
Soverain were on the 28th day of Avgvst, 1648, by the
command of Sr. Tho. Fairfax, then General of the
Parliament army, in cold blovd most barbarovsly
mvrdered." Charles Abbot, born 1757, died 1829, Speaker
of the British House of Commons, 1 802-1817, was raised
to the peerage as Baron Colchester.

344 NOTHING BUT NAMES

MALDEN TOWNSHIP (1792)

There is a crooked bay runs winding far.
To Maldon, Estreford and Colchester. —John Taylor.
This township is named after Maiden, or Maldon, in
Essex, built at the junction of the Chelmer and
Blackwater rivers, famous for its oysters. The first men
tion of the town in history is in 913 when Edward the
Elder encamped at Maldon to impede the progress of the
Danes. Maldon was one of the towns in which the custom
of Borough English prevailed, by which the youngest son
succeeded to the burgage tenements on the death of his
father. Lord Viscount Maiden, M.P. for Oakhampton,
voted against the Canada Bill.

ANDERDON TOWNSHIP (1837)

The noble red man wandered on
The river shore of Anderdon. —Echo.
The tract of land forming this township was reserved by
the Indians in the year 1790, when the Council of the Four
Nations surrendered to the Government the Huron District-
In the year 1836, on account of the encroachments of the
whites, the Government induced the Indians to allow a
portion of the reserve to be sold for their benefit. By an
agreement made with Sir Francis Bond Head, in 1837,
they resigned two-thirds of this reserve, and it was

ESSEX COUNTY 345
surve}'ed in 1839. Some of them settled near Sandusk}'
in Ohio, others removed to the State of Missouri. At
subsequent periods the size of the reserve was further
reduced by sale. The name is English, and it may have
been given in honor of an officer stationed at Fort Maiden.
The following is from Burke's General Armoury : " Ander
don (Beech House, County of Hants), Sable two single
shackle-bolts in chief, and a double one in base argent.
Crest — a dexter arm embowed in armour proper garnished
or, the hand apaumt^e also proper." Rev. Father W. H.
Anderdon, born 1816, died 1890, became a Church of
England clerg}man, and joined the Catholic Church in
1850. He was a nephew of Cardinal Manning. The
name also occurs in this connection : Rev. Francis Henry
Murra}-, rector of Chislehurst, Kent, son of the Lord Bishop
of Sodor and Man, and great-grandson of the third Duke
of Athol, married in 1846 Fanny Catharine, daughter of
John L. Anderdon, Esq.

TILBURY TOWNSHIP, WEST (1792)
Yet ere on Tilbury Fort we drop a tear,
Lo, with a tale we treat the public ear —
Relate a pretty story of his Grace,
'Twill put a smile or frown on ev'ry face. — Peter Pindar.
See Tilbury East, Kent count}-.

346 NOTHING BUT NAMES

ROCHESTER TOWNSHIP (1792)

Gadshill lies to-night in Rochester. — King Henry IV.
The woman of pleasure
And Rochester's treasure
Are brother and sister to Shandy. — Tristram Shandy.
This township is called after Rochester, an ancient
Roman town in Kent, with a castle built by the same
Bishop Gundulph who is supposed to have built the oldest
parts of the Tower of London. It was from Rochester
that James II. embarked on his flight to France, at the
Revolution of 1688. The oyster fisheries of Rochester are
managed by the corporation. The cathedral church dates
from 604 and was rebuilt by Bishop Gundulph about 1076.
There is in Rochester a cathedral grammar school, founded
by Henry VIII. in 1542, and the "Poor Travellers'
House," founded by Richard Watts in the reign of
Elizabeth.

MAIDSTONE TOWNSHIP (1792)

Maidstone, Kent, they've been and put on,
From our mouths to snatch the mutton.

—Punch,

This township takes its name from Maidstone, the
county town of Kent, England, situated on the river
Medway. Its principal manufacture is a superior kind of
paper. It has many fine public institutions, both educa
tional and benevolent. William WooUet, the celebrated

ESSEX COUNTY 347
engraver, who executed the historical plate of the Death of
General Wolfe, was born at Maidstone, as was Thomas
Trapham, surgeon to Fairfax and Cromwell, who sewed
the head of Charles I. to the body after that monarch's
decapitation.

SANDWICH TOWNSHIP, EAST AND WEST (1792)

A squire's young daughter, near Sandwich in Kent,
Proves all his heart's treasure, his joy and content.
— The Seaman of Dover.
But see, by pitying fate his loss supplied ;
For Mulgrave joins where sense and Sandwich guide.
— The Wreath of Fashion, 1778.
The township of Sandwich was settled in 1750 by the
soldiers of a disbanded French regiment, about the worst
class of men. Smith says, to turn loose in a new country.
One of them sold his hundred acres for a flitch of bacon.
The name of Sandwich is from an English borough and
Cinque Port in Kent county, with three ancient hospitals.
About the beginning of the sixteenth century the filling
up of the harbor with sand reduced its importance as a
port Sandwich was frequently attacked by the Danes
and plundered by the French in the wars. The family of
De Sandwich, who took their name from the place of their
nativity, held high offices of state from the reign of Henry
II. to that of Richard 1 1., when they became extinct
John Montagu, fourth Earl of Sandwich, born 171 8, died
1792, to whom Haldimand sent reports in 1778, was First
Lord of the Admiralty 1748-51, 1763-65, and 1771-82.
His " Voyage Round the Mediterranean " was published
posthumously in 1799, accompanied with a memoir. In

348 NOTHING BUT NAMES
1778 Thomas Erskine defended Captain Baillie, Governor
of Greenwich Hospital, on a trial of libel. The First Lord
of the Admiralty, " a certain wicked Lord Sandwich," was
in the habit of introducing into the hospital as inmates
men who were not sailors at all, for purposes of electoral
corruption. Baillie exposed the matter in a pamphlet and
was prosecuted criminally for libel. The real, though not
the nominal, prosecutor was Sandwich, and Erskine
boldly unmasked his lordship by name, and vindicated the
right of censuring the mal-administration of a public
institution. The son of the Earl of Sandwich is called
Viscount Hinchingbrook (see Hinchinbrooke township).

PELEE ISLAND TOWNSHIP (1701)

Pelee Island took its name from the adjacent Point
Pelee, which was so called by the French who paddled
along the north shore of Lake Erie from Niagara on their
way to establish a fort at Detroit. The French word Pelde
means skinned, peeled, or bare, and the name was given
on account of the absence of trees on that point. In
Rev. Father Charlevoix' " Journal d' un Voyage dans
1 'Amerique Septentrionnale," (Paris, 1744), the following
appears in a letter dated June 8, 1721 : "The fourth day
(from Niagara River) we were detained a good part of the
day upon a point, which runs three leagues north and
south, and is called Pointe P616e. It is, nevertheless, well
enough wooded on the west side, but the east side has on
a sandy soil only small red cedars, of inconsiderable
quantity. There are many bears in this country, and last
winter more than four hundred of them were killed upon
Pointe P616e alone."

PERTH COUNTY 349

PERTH COUNTY (1847)

Says the Shochie to the Ordie,
" Where shall we meet ? "
" At the cross o' Perth,
When a' men are fast asleep." — Popular Rhyme.
Perth county, a correspondent says, took its name
from the town of Perth in Lanark county, Ontario, many
of the first settlers in Perth county having moved thither
from the old Perth settlement adjacent to the Rideau river.
The town of Perth in turn was named after the ancient
royal burgh in Perthshire, one of the handsomest towns in
Scotland, beautifully situated on the west bank of the
river Tay, forty-four miles from Edinburgh. Perth used
to be called from its church St. Johnstoun. On account
of its importance and its vicinity to the royal palace of
Scone, it was long the metropolis of the Kingdom before
Edinburgh obtained that distinction. Here, too, the
Parliaments and national assemblies were held, and many
of the nobility took up their residence. Perth suffered
from a nocturnal inundation of the Tay in 1210, and the
rhyme quoted above refers to the prediction that the city
will be again destroyed in a similar manner. Another
account states that Col. John Corry Wilson Daly, born
1796, died 1878, (grandfather of the Hon. Thomas Mayne
Daly), who settled at Stratford in 1828, prompted Mr.
Linton in 1847 to have the present county of Perth
separated from the rest of the Huron district, and formed
into a separate county. Mr. Linton succeeded, and,
instead of calling the new county Monaghan, after the

350 NOTHING BUT NAMES
home of Mr. Daly's ancestors, as Mr. Daly had desired
and expected, Mr. Linton called it after the name of his
own native county, Perth. Reference has been made, in
the notes on Guelph, Biddulph, McGillivray, Williams and
Bosanquet townships, to the Canada Company. The
county of Perth and a large portion of the county of
Huron were settled by that Company, under an arrange
ment made between Earl Bathurst, on behalf of His
Majesty's Government, and Messrs. Downie, Hullett,
Fullarton and others, in May, 1826, supplementary to an
arrangement made two years earlier. Mr. McMullen, the
historian, says: "The summer (of 1824) was distinguished
by the formation, under an Imperial charter, of the Canada
Land Company, a corporation at first productive of benefit,
bufc subsequently of injury, to the Province. It com
menced its operations by buying up vast tracts of the
clergy reserves and Crown lands at low prices, (Smith's
Canada says for 2s. lo^d. per acre), which it sold again in
small lots at a large advance. It was, in short, a huge land
monopoly ; and like all monopolies, has proved an injury
to this country precisely in proportion to its extent.
Thus, without once asking the consent of the Upper
Canada Parliament, a vast quantity of our soil (Smith
says 2,484,413 acres) was withdrawn from public purposes,
and passed into the hands of private speculators of the
London Stock Exchange." In August, 1828, an Order in
Council was passed, under which the Canada Company
was allowed to survey its own townships in the Huron
Tract, and in 1837 a return of the number of acres
surveyed in each township was made to the Government.

PERTH COUNTY 351

BLANSHARD TOWNSHIP (1830)

Mere driv'lers in the charming art
Are vastly fond of being prais'd ;
Wish to the stars, like Blanchard, to be rais'd ;
And raised they should be, reader — from a cart. — Peter Pindar.
This township is named after Richard Blanshard, one
of the first directors of the Canada Land Company.

DOWNIE TOWNSHIP (1830)

For Mangerton-House Auld Downie is gane.
Her coats she has kilted up to her knee ;
And down the water wi' speed she rins.
While tears in spaits fa' fast frae her eie. —Jock 0' the Side.
The name is that of Mr. Robert Downie, M.P., one of
the projectors of the Canada Land Company, who con
ferred with Lord Bathurst at the Colonial Office, May
23rd, 1826. (See Life of John Gait). Mr. Downie was
one of the first directors of the Company.

FULLARTON TOWNSHIP (1830)

Hence Fullarton, the brave and young.

-Bums.

This township was named after John Fullarton,
Director of the Canada Land Company.

352 NOTHING BUT NAMES

HIBBERT TOWNSHIP (1830)

This township took its name from William T. Hibbert,
junior. Director of the Canada Land Company. The
Archives mention a letter from Hibbert to Wilmot, dated
London, June 17, 1822, suggesting that Canada and the
other British North American colonies should make an
alteration in the duties on sugar and rum imported from
the British West Indies and on those from other parts.
He asked for differential duties.

EASTHOPE TOWNSHIP (1830)

This township took its name from Sir John Easthope,
M.P., a director of the Canada Land Company, born at
Tewkesbury, 1784, died 1865. He entered Parliament in
1826 as member for St Alban's. In 1834 Mr. Easthope
became proprietor of the Morning Chronicle, organ of the
Liberal party. He represented Leicester 1837-47, when
he sold his interest in the Chronicle and retired to private
life. He had previously received the reward of his
political adherence to the Whig party in the shape of a
baronetcy from Lord Melbourne, just before the latter
quitted office.

PERTH COUNTY 353

ELLICE TOWNSHIP (1S30)

No Tory in Great Britain, at the game of politics,
Could euchre Edward Ellice, who was up to all the tricks ;
When the Tories bought a borough, to control a Commons seat,
Ellice quietly boug-ht two of them, and got there with both feet.
—C. De Witt.
This township took its name from the Right Hon.
Edward Ellice, one of the first directors of the Canada
Land Compan}-, born at Montreal in 1781, died at
.Ardoch}-, Glengarr}-, Scotland, 1863. His father «as
managing director of the Hudson Ba\- Compan}', and Mr.
Ellice was all his life interested in Canadian enterprises,
as well as a prominent figure in the political and social
affairs of Great Britain. He was elected to Parliament for
Coventr}- in iSiS, and with one brief interval kept the
same seat till his death, fort}--five }ears later. He married
a sister of Earl Gre\-, who was Preinier in 1832. His
second wife was a sister of the sixth Earl of .Albemarle.
In the Memoir of Earl Spencer it is stated that Mr.
Edward Ellice had been an eminent merchant in the North
.American trade, and his connection with the Northwest
Compan}' had brought him a large fortune. He was a
vet"}- clever man and in 1S31 he beat the enein\- with their
own weapons. He collected large sums of mone}- from
the leading Whigs, purchased several nomination boroughs
and put Whigs in Parliament in place of Tories. Lord
Duncannon and Mr. Ellice were the \^'hig " \\'hippers-in "
in 1S32. Mr. Ellice was a general faxorite, his readiness
to oblige being as remarkable as the extent of his influence
and connections. Never had there been a more efficient
and popular Secretar}' of the Treasui}-. He was alwa}'s

354 NOTHING BUT NAMES
a iirm and consistent Liberal, oi the Radical school.
Careless of his o\\-n personal interests, his sagacit}- and
indep>endence gave him great weight, both with Lord
^lelboume a:id Lord John Russe!!. Archer Martin, in his
book on the Hudson Bay Company's Land Tenures,
describes Mr. Ellice, who gave evidence before the
Commons Committee in 1S57, as "a man all-powenul in
the councils of the Northwest and Hudson Bay Companies.
and perfect!}- acquainted with the constitution of both."
Mr. Moise Bra:ichaud narrates that curing his sojourn in
Beauharnois, Lower Canada, in the summer of iS;S, the
Right Hon. Edward Ellice. proprietor cf the seignior}- of
Beauharnois, showed special marks of honor tD him, intro
ducing him to Lord Frederick Cavendish and to Lord
Grosvenor afterward Duke of \\'estminster), who were
going on a hunting expedition to the western orairies.
I\Ir. Branchaud " kept a gratefu". remembratice of the old
gentleman who had so much regard for hirn.' In 1S39.
the chief of the IMacdonells sold his estate of Glenquoich
to Edward Ellice, Esq., and emigrated to Australia. Mr.
Ellice was influential in establishing the Reform Club, of
which he was the first chairman. His o_->rtra;t. painted
after his death, adorns its walls.

LOGAN TOWNSHIP (1530^

And soon may peace 'nring happv davs.
And Willie hame to Logan braes. — Bums.
This township took its name from Hart Logan,
director of the Canada Land Company. He was an uncle
of Sir William E. Logan, the eminent Canadian geologist.

PERTH COUNTY 355
born in ^Montreal, 1798, who entered Mr. Hart Logan's
mercantile office in London in 18 18 and after a time
became a partner in the firm. In 1829 William went to
Swansea as manager of copper smelting and coal mining
operations in which his uncle was interested, but left it
soon after ]\Ir. Hart Logan's death in 1838, and returned
to America where he pursued his favorite study, to which
his attention had first been attracted in Wales.

W^ALL.ACE TOWNSHIP (1849)

Is there no daring bard will rise, and tell
How glorious Wallace stood, how hapless fell ?

—Bur

Wallace was named after Thomas (Baron) Wallace,
who was Vice-President of the British Board of Trade
under Lord Goderich in 1820, and in that capacity
presided over the committee appointed to consider and act
upon the celebrated petition of the merchants of London
in favor of freer trade. He was a son of James Wallace,
barrister, of Carleton Hall, county of Cumberland, who
was Solicitor-General in 1777 and subsequently Attorney-
General. Thomas Wallace married in 18 14 Jane Hope,
daughter of the Earl of Hopetoun and widow of Henry
Dundas, first \^iscount Melville. He was created Baron
Wallace in 1828. Dying without issue, Lord Wallace left
his name and estate to Colonel the Hon. James Hope,
born 1807, died 1854, who had raised a regiment in
Canada in 1838 by order of Lord Seaton. Colonel Hope
was the second son of Sir John Hope, fourth Earl of
Hopetoun, who succeeded to the chief command at the
battle of Corunna on the death of Sir John ]\Ioore.

356 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Colonel Hope-Wallace served in the Coldstream Guards
for twenty-three years, and when he was in Canada,
though a strict disciplinarian, he was esteemed not only b}-
those under his command, but by all who made his
acquaintance. He married Lady Mary Frances Nugent,
daughter of the Earl of Westmeath.

MORNINGTON TOWNSHIP (1845)

This township was named in honor of Richard
Wellesley, second Earl of Mornington, eldest brother of
the Duke of Wellington, and son of Garrett Wellesley,
who took his title of Earl from the hamlet of Mornington
in the county of Meath, Ireland, on the River Boyne, three
miles from Drogheda. On the death of Richard in 1842
the title of Earl of Mornington went to his brother
William, Baron Maryborough (see Maryborough town
ship) ; thence in 1845 to the third Earl's son William
Pole ; in 1857 to his son William Arthur, and the fifth
Earl dying unmarried in 1863, the title of Earl of Morning
ton devolved upon the second Duke of Wellington,
Arthur Richard Wellesley, son of the hero of Waterloo.
He married Lady Elizabeth Hay, daughter of the Marquis
of Tweeddale. The Earl of Mornington, M.P. for Windsor,
voted for Pitt's Canada Bill.

PERTH COUNTY

ELMA TOWNSHIP (1849)

357

And who was Elma ? did you .say ?
A tree, a town, a maiden gay ?
Ask Thurlow, who in marriage sought her —
For Elma was Lord Elgin's daughter. — A, Bruce,
This township was named in honor of Lady Elma
Bruce, daughter of the eighth Earl of Elgin by his first
wife, Elizabeth Mary, who was the only daughter of
Charles Lennox Cumming-Bruce, Esq., M.P. When Lord
Elgin was Governsr-General of Canada, he selected Rev.
David Marsh, who was for forty years pastor of the
Baptist Church in Quebec City, as tutor of his daughter,
Lady Elma Bruce, which position he held while she
remained in this country. In 1864 Lady Elma was
married to Thomas John, fifth Baron Thuriow (see
Thurlow and Ashfield townships), born 1838. Lord
Thurlow assumed in the right of his wife, and by Royal
license in July, 1874, the additional names of Cumming-
Bruce. Lord and Lady Thurlow had six children, the
heir, Hon. James Bruce, having been born in 1867. The
fifth child and first daughter was baptised Mary Elma.
The meaning of the word Elma is "a phosphorescent
gleam."

358 NOTHING BUT NAMES

HURON COUNTY (1841)
Lopt from his horse the hero sinks ;it last ;
The Hurons ken him, and with halooing blast
Shake the vast wilderness ; the tribes around
Drink with broad ears, and swell the rending sound.
— Joel Barlow,
This count}- takes its name from Lake Huron, "whose
modern name is taken from the soubriquet of hure or wild
boar, given b}- the P'rench to the W\-andotte Indians on
account of the manner in which they dressed their hair.''
The name was applied to the Huron Tract at a much
earlier date, but the county seal is dated 1841.

USBORNE TOWNSHIP (1830)

Took its name from "Henr}- Usborne, one of the first
directors of the Canada Land Company. In the
Canadian Archives there is mention of a letter, dated
NoN-ember 16, 1802, from Governor Sir Robert Shore
Milnes to John Sullivan, Under Secretar}- of State, intro
ducing Mr. Usborne, connected with the timber trade of
Lower Canada. On Ma}- 31, 1803, Milnes, writing again
to Sullivan, regrets that the Canadian oak has not been
found suitable for ship-building, and hopes that Usborne's
efforts to establish commerce in Canadian timber may
conduce to the increase of the trade of the Province. In
1 81 8 Heni}' Usborne, Benson & Co. made a contract with
the Navy Board for the suppl}- of timber from Canada and
asked for a permit to cut timber in \arious localities.

HURON COUNTY 359

STEPHEN TOWNSHIP (1835)

I fill the bowl to Stephen's name,
Who rescued from the gloom of night
The Teian bard of festive fame
And brought his living lyre to light.
— Translation from the French,
This township was named after James Stephen, junior,
the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies in the time
of Lord Goderich and Lord Glenelg. It was of him that
Sir Francis Bond Head wrote to Lord Glenelg in 1837 :
" It has long been notorious to every British subject
in the Canadas that your Lordship's Under Secretary, the
author of our Colonial despatches, is a rank republican.
His sentiments, his conduct and his political character are
here alike detested." The evidence given by. Mr. Stephen
before a House of Commons Committee on the govern
ment of Canada in 1828 was, in the opinion of Sir Francis,
" totally incompatible with the station of an Under
Secretary of State for the Colonies." The Montreal
Gazette in 1838 criticized Mr. Stephen, saying: "It is
well known that Mr. Stephen has for many years past
been the confidential adviser and director of the colonial
department ; nor can it be doubted that to his evil
influence must be ascribed all the misgovernment which
these Provinces have suffered for so long a period. It is
time that the baneful domination of Mr. Under Secretary
Stephen should be got rid of, and that an entirely new
system of things should be adopted."

36o NOTHING BUT NAMES

HAY TOWNSHIP (1835)

Six thousand English veterans in stately column tread.
Their cannon blaze in front and flank, Lord Hay is at their head.
— Thomas Davis,
Hay township was named in honor of Mr. R. W.
Hay, joint Secretary for the Colonies with Lord Stanley,
to whom Pat Swift (William Lyon MacKenzie)
dedicated the second edition of his Almanac, in 1834 —
" To E. G. Stanley and R. W. Hay, Secretaries of State
for the North American Colonies, and John Beverley
Robinson, Judge and Tory Politician," etc.

TUCKERSMITH TOWNSHIP (1830)

The Township of Tuckersmith, Joe Ryraal said.
Could be worshipped without an)- sin.
For it looked not like anything else upon earth.
And nothing the waters within —
So outrageously mang-led poor old Tuckersmith
By the great gerrymander had been. — Election Rhyme,
This township took its name from Martin Tucker
Smith, of London, banker, one of the original directors of
the Canada Land Company. He was the second son of
John Smith, M.P., of Dale Park, Sussex, by his second
wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Lieutenant-Col. Tucker.
Martin Tucker Smith was born in 1803 and died in 1880.
He was M.P. for Midhurst and for Wycombe, and he
married in 1831 Louisa, daughter of Sir Matthew White
Ridley, M.P. His daughter, Helen Smith, married in

HURON COUNTY 361
1858 Col. the Hon. Arthur F. Egerton. He died in 1866
and she married, in 1875, Col. William Julius Gascoigne, of
the Scots Guards, better known to Canadians as Major-
General Gascoigne, commanding the militia of Canada
1895-98, who served in the Egyptian campaign of 1882
and was present at the battle of Tel-el-Kebir.

STANLEY TOWNSHIP (1830)

Had I, Lord Stanley, but my will,
I'd show you mischief prettier still ;
Mischief combining boyhood's tricks
With age's sourest politics.

— Moore.

This township is named after Edward Geoffrey Smith
Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, borrj 1799, died 1869. Pie
entered Parliament in 1821 as member for Stockbridge,
and soon took rank as an able debater. In 1827 he took
office under Canning as Secretary for the Colonies and
continued in the same position under Lord Goderich. In
Lord Grey's Government Mr. Stanley was Chief Secretary
for Ireland. He helped carry the Reform Bill in 1832
and in 1833 was again Secretary for the Colonies, being
nominated to that post with the special object of carrying
the abolition of slavery in the West Indies. In 1841 he
was Colonial Secretary under Peel and in 1844 he was
summoned to the Plouse of Lords as Baron Stanley of
Bickerstaffe. In 1851 he succeeded to his father's Earldom
and estates, and in 1852 he formed a Government which
only lasted ten months. In 1858 he became Premier a
second time. His son, Edward Henry Stanley, 15th P^arl
Derby, born 1826, died 1893, made an extended tour in

362 NOTHING BUT NAMES
North America, including Canada and the Vest Indies in
1S48, during which he was elected to Parliament (Dec.
1S4S) for L}-nn Regis. He was Under Secretary for
Foreign Affairs in his father's first Government and
Secretary for India in the second. In 1866 he was
Secretar}- for Foreign Affairs, and again in 1874. He
became a Liberal in 1S79 and was Secretar}' for the
Colonies in 18S2-S5. On his death he was succeeded in
the title and estates b}- his brother, Lord Stanle}- of
Preston, who was then (^1893) Governor-General of Canada.
The name Stanle}- dates from the time of King John,
when \Mlliam de Audleigh acquired the manor of
Stanleigh and took that surname from the seat, so called
from its rough and stony soil. Thomas Stanle}- married
the mother of the Earl of Richmond, King Henr}' A^'II.,
and became the first Earl of Derb}- after his stepson was
crowned King. Stanle}- in Staffordshire, according to the
old ballad, was the scene of the battle between Robin
Hood, Scarlet and Litttle John, and the Pindar of Wake
field. (See Derb}- township).

GODERICH TOWNSHIP (1S28)
Rail on and condemn the corps baronial.
Lord Goderich and Howick despatched at a blow ;
Those peers who knew nothing of interests colonial,
. In proof read the march route of Boulton & Co.
Canadiayt Paper, i^S,
This township was named after Right Hon. Frederick
John Robinson, A'^iscount Goderich, Earl of Ripon, second
son of Thomas, second Baron Grantham, born 17S2, died
1859. (See Grantham township). He was private secretary
to his kinsman. Lord Plardwicke, Lord Lieutenant of

HURON COUNTY 363
Ireland, in 1804, and entered Parliament in 1806. In
1809 he moved the address and was appointed Under
Secretary for the Colonies and War, under Lord Castle
reagh. In 1 8 10 he had a seat at the Admiralty Board,
and in 18 12 he became a member of the Privy Council.
He was vice-president of the Board of Trade till 1 818, and
then president till 1823, when he succeeded Lord Bexley
as Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1827 he took the
title of Viscount Goderich, which had been borne by his
maternal ancestor, the last Duke of Kent of the family of,
Grey. He made a commercial arrangement with the
United States in 181 5, and negotiated the treaty of 1818,
to last for ten years. For many years Lord Goderich
strove to amend the system of taxation in the direction
of greater freedom of trade, and he had much to do with
Canadian affairs during the rebellion period. He was
Premier in 1833. Lord Goderich married the daughter
and sole heir of the Earl of Buckinghamshire, and was
succeeded by his only son, George Frederick Samuel,
second Earl, born 1827, created Marquis of Ripon in
1 87 1, who was Chairman of the High Joint Commission,
which drafted the treaty of Washington in 1871. He
resigned the Grand Mastership of the English Free
Masons in 1874, when he joined the Catholic Church.
The Marquis was Under Secretary of War in 1859,
Secretary of War in 1863, Secretary for India in 1866,
Lord President of the Council in 1869 and Governor-
General of India in 1880. The title of Earl de Grey
descended to the Marquis of Ripon from his father's aunt.
Lady Amabel, and the title of Baron Grantham from his
uncle. Sir Thomas Philip Robinson, who married a daughter
of the first Earl of Enniskillen.

364 NOTHING BUT NAMES

McKILLOP TOWNSHIP (1830)

From James Mackillop, M.P., one of the first directors
of the Canada Land Company.

HULLETT TOWNSHIP (1830)

From John Hullett, one of the first directors of the
Canada Land Compan}-. John Lambert, in his " Travels
through Canada, 1 806-7-S," published in 1 810, says: 'Tiops
are supplied by a Mr. Hullett, who resides at Sillery, about
four miles abo\e Quebec. He purchased the beach between
the mountain and the water-side, as far as \\'olfe's Cove.
Part of this he converted into an excellent hop ground, the
remainder he rents out to the merchants for culling and
stowing their timber and staves. Mr. Hullett was fortunate
enough to purchase this property for a very trifling sum,
and, from his improvements, it is now become extremely
valuable. His hop plantation succeeds to the utmost of
his wishes. Exclusive of the quantity supplied by Mr.
Hullett, hops are also imported into Canada from England
and the United States, and sell for eighteen pence per
pound." In 1823, Hullett Brothers and Co. wrote to John
Gait, representing that, in the present state of the money-
market, the placing of a loan was impracticable. (See
Archives, 1897).

HURON COUNTY 365

COLBORNE TOWNSHIP (1830)

Sir John Colborne was a soldier, and a brave one, it is said :
He was Governor of Canada before Sir Francis Head.
Though he oft faced death in battle, where his comrades fought and bled.
He died peacefully at Beechwood, of old age, in his bed. — C. De Wilt.
The township of Colborne took its name from Sir John
Colborne, Lord Seaton, born 1778, died 1863, who entered
the army in 1794, served in Egypt in 1801 and in the
Peninsular Campaign ; at Corunna, under Sir John Moore
(see Moore township), and at Waterloo he conducted the
decisive movement of the light infantry which secured the
victory. He was Lieutenant-Governor of Isle Guernsey
(the Roman name of which was Sarnia) ; Lieutenant-
Governor of Upper Canada (1829-1835) ; commander of
the forces during the rebellion and Governor-General before
and after Lord Durham. Colborne was a stern admini
strator; he executed twelve rebels at Montreal. Dent
mentions that Sir John Colborne was exhibited in .
effigy in the streets of Hamilton, in 1829. Sir John
Colborne was the founder of Upper Canada College in
Toronto. He married, in 18 14, a daughter of Rev. James
Yonge, of Puslinch, Devon, England. (See Puslinch town
ship).

GREY TOWNSHIP (1848)

But even Grey's brightness shan't make me afraid.
While I've Camden and Eldon to fly to for shade.

— Moore,

This township was named after Charles, second Earl
Grey, born 1764, died 1845. The family is of Saxon

366 NOTHING BUT NAMES
origin ; Baron Grey, of Werke, ennobled in the reign of
James I., is the direct founder of the present house. Earl
Grey's father. Sir Charles Gray, was a military man, who
fought at Minden, participated in the Conquest of Canada
and in the War of the American Revolution, was Com
mander-in-Chief in the West Indies at the reduction of
Martinique, St. Lucia and Gaudeloupe, and was made
Governor of Guernsey. He was created a baron in 1801
and advanced to the dignities of Viscount Howick and
Earl Grey in 1806, the year before his death. The second
Earl travelled on the continent with the Duke and Duchess
of Cumberland (Prince Ernest and wife), before his first
election to Parliament in 1786. He was a Whig from the
start and soon avowed democratic principles. He opposed
the war with France, and in 1797 brought forward a plan
of Parliamentary reform, which was negatived by 149 votes.
He condemned Pitt on the union of Ireland measure and
entered the Coalition Government. On the death of Mr.
Fox, Grey, now Lord Howick, succeeded him as leader of
the Commons. He went to the House of Lords in 1 807,
but the change of place made no difference in his principles.
For 18 years succeeding the death of Perceval, Lord Grey
led the opposition, and on the defeat of the Wellington
Government in 1830, Grey became Premier with " peace,
retrenchment and reform " as his policy. The first Reform
Bill was introduced in the Commons by Lord John Russell
in March, 1831. In June, 1832, the Bill passed and the
reform of Parliament, ever since associated with the name
of Grey, was accomplished. Sir George Grey, born 1799,
a nephew of Earl Grey, was Under Secretary for the
Colonies, 1834-39, when he became Judge Advocate.

HURON COUNTY 367

HOWICK TOWNSHIP (1850)

Howick was named after Henry George Grey, third
Earl Gre}^ born 1802, died 1894, who entered Parliament
as Lord Howick in 1829. He was Under Secretary for
the Colonies in his father's Government 1830-33, and for a
few months in 1834 Under Secretary in the Home Depart
ment. In the Melbourne Government he was Secretary of
War 1835-39, 3-nd Secretar}' for the Colonies under Lord
John Russell in 1846. He opposed the war with Russia,
and up to extreme old age wrote letters and pamphlets
in defence of free trade and against reciprocity treaties.
Howick in Northumberland, England, is pleasantly
situated about one mile from the sea. Howick Hall, a
noble and beautiful mansion, situated in a spacious park,
is the seat of Earl Grey, who takes his title of Viscount
from this place. Near the east side of the park are the
remains of a Roman encampment, and several Roman
coins and antiquities have been found there.

MORRIS TOWNSHIP (1850)

There's auld Rob Morris that wons in yon glen.
He's the King o' guid fellows and wale o' auld men

— Burns.

This township was named after Hon. William Morris,
of Perth, Ontario, born in Paisley, Scotland, 1786, died at
Montreal, 1858. He came to Montreal with his father,
Alexander Morris, in 1801. The elder Morris was a

368 NOTHING BUT NAMES
merchant He died in 1809. William took an active part
in the war of 1812-14 and was at the capture of Ogdens
burg. In 1S16 he proceeded with the military and
emigrant settlers to the Rideau settlement and opened a
store at Perth, his brothers James and Alexander manag
ing the business in Brockville. In 1S20 William ilorris
was elected to Parliament for Lanark, which count}- he
represented continuoush- till 1S36, when he was called to
a seat in the Legislative Council. He was Receiver-
General in 1S44, President of the Executive Council in
1S46, and Lord ^Metcalfe called him "a valuable public
servant ' His son, Hon. Alexander IMorris, born at Perth
in 1826, sat for South Lanark in the Assembl}- 1S61-67,
and in the Commons after Confederation. He was
^linister of Inland Revenue in 1869, appointed Chief
Justice of I\Ianitoba in 1S72. and in the fall of the same
}-ear Lieutenant-Governor of ^Manitoba, which office he
held till 1S77. During his term he concluded several
important treaties with the Indians of the Northwest
Territor}'. In 1S7S Mr. IMorris was elected to the
Ontario Legislature, to fill the place of Hon. iMatthew
Crooks Cameron, appointed to the Bench. He a.ssisted
!Mr. IMeredith in leading the Opposition. Hon. James
I\Iorris, brother of Hon. William, was born in Paislev in
1798, died 1S65. In 1S37 he was elected to the Assembly
for the count}- of Leeds ; in 1S3S was appointed a commis
sioner for the improvement of the navigation of the St.
Lawrence : in 1S44 was appointed to the Legislative
Council ; in 1S51 was Postmaster-General, the first incum
bent of that office after the transfer of the Department
from Imperial control to that of the Canadian Government
He negotiated a postal treat}- with the United States and
reduced the letter rate to five cents. In 18,3 he was
Speaker of the Legislative Council, and he took the same

HURON COUNTY 369
office, under the Brown-Dorion Government in 1858, at
the time of the Double Shuffle. Mr. James Morris was
always identified with the Reform party.

TURNBERRY TOWNSHIP (1850)

Right opposite, the mainland towers
Of my own Turnberry court our powers —
That fortress ours, the island fleet
May on the coast of Carrick meet. — The Lord of the Isles.
This township was called after Turnberry Castle in
Scotland, the principal house in Carrick in the twelfth and
thirteenth centuries. In 1271 Robert Bruce, son of the
Lord of Annandale, married the widowed Countess of
Carrick. From this union sprung Robert Bruce, King of
Scotland, who, if not born in Turnberry Castle, must have
spent many of his youthful years in it. The top of the
rock on which Turnberry is built is about eighteen feet
above high water mark. In 1307 Robert Bruce landed on
the Carrick coast and captured his own Castle of Turnberry
from the English. The ruins have a majestic appearance
from the sea. Around the Castle of Turnberry was a level
plain of about two miles in extent, forming the Castle
Park. Turnberry is still enumerated, under the name of
Carrick, among the royal palaces of Scotland. It is now
the property of the Marquis of Ailsa.

WAWANOSH TOWNSHIP, EAST AND WEST (1840)

" The Chief of the Chippewas, at the Sarnia reserve, is
named Wawanosh, or, as the Indians pronounce it.

370 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Wa}'waynosh." — Smith's Canada, 185 1. The name is
signed to treaties and surrenders of land as far back as
1S25. and in later surrenders the names of Joshua, David
and \Mlliam AA'aywaynosh or A\'awanosh appear together.
The meaning of the word is given as " he who ambles the
water," "sailing well," "pleasant sailing," or "beautiful
sailor." In Schoolcraft's "Oneota" (1847) there is a series
of letters over the signature Wawanosh, introduced as
"Outlines of the travels and opinions of an Indian Sachem
on a visit to the United States, in a series of letters from
an educated Algonquin to one of his distant countrymen
in the North.'' In one he says: "\ have already seen
much of this people, but have not }-et been able to perceive
that they are happier than the simple sons of the forest.
But I entreat thee, wait with patience, and I will endeavor
to unfold to th}- imagination man}- sources of their
miseries, their follies and their multiplied vices. Ever
thine, Wawanosh."

ASHFIELD TOWNSHIP (1840)

This township was called after the village in Suffolk,
England, where Lord Chancellor Thuriow (see Thurlow
township) and his brother Thomas, Bishop of Durham,
were born. They were the sons of Rev. Thomas Thurlow,
rector of Ashfield. Lord Thurlow never married, and
bequeathed his large propert}- to two natural daughters.
The title went to the Bishop's son. (See Elma township).

BRUCE COUNTY 371

BRUCE COUNTY (1849)

The Bruce hath won his father's hall !
Welcome, brave friends and comrades all.
Welcome to mirth and joy ! — Lord of the Isles.
This county was named in honor of James Bruce,
eighth Earl of Elgin and twelfth Earl of Kincardine,
second son of the Lord Elgin who, during his term as
Ambassador to Turkey, obtained the antiquities now
deposited in the British Museum and known as the Elgin
Marbles; born in London 1811, died in India 1863. He
was elected to Parliament for Southampton in 1 841, in
which year he married Miss Cumming-Bruce, the mother
of Lady Elma (see Elma township). In March, 1842, he
was appointed by Lord Stanley Governor of Jamaica,
where his wife died in 1843, shortly after the birth of her
daughter. In 1846, Lord Grey appointed Lord Elgin
Governor of Canada. Before coming to this country, he
married Lady Mary Louisa Lambton, daughter of the
Earl of Durham. Dent says, " Lord Elgin grew in favor
day by day. If his presence was needed at a public
meeting, the howling blasts and keen frosts of a Canadian
winter offered no obstacle to him." Responsible govern
ment was firmly established in Canada during his term,
though not without some trouble from stones, rotten eggs^
and the torch of the incendiary applied to the Parliament
buildings at Montreal. It was in Lord Elgin's time (1849)
that the famous Annexation Manifesto was circulated and
signed. He negotiated the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854
with the United States and signed the important Bills

372

NOTHING BUT NAMES

relating to the Clergy Reserves and the Seigniorial Tenure
before relinquishing the Government to Sir Edmund Head.
In 1857-60 Lord Elgin was Ambassador to China, and for
a short time Postmaster-General in the Palmerston
Government. In i860 he was appointed Governor-
General of India, and he died, of heart disease, under the
shadow of the Himalayas, Nov. 20, 1863. His son,
Victor Alexander, born in Canada in 1849, was Governor-
General of India for several years previous to 1898, when
he was succeeded by Mr. Curzon. The Dowager Countess
of Elgin, mother of the recent A'iceroy of India, died at
tbe family seat, Bromhall, on March 9th, 1898, in her 77th
year. She was Lord Durham's daughter. The Bruces
are descended from Robert le Brus, or Bruis, a Norman
Knight, who was sent by William the Conqueror, after the
battle of Hastings, to subdue the northern parts of the
realm, for performing which successfully he was rewarded
with many lordships and manors. Near Tottenham, in
Middlesex, is Bruce Castle, where Henry VIII. went to
meet his sister Margaret, Queen of Scots, in 15 16.
The original castle was the residence and property of
Robert de Bruce, father of Robert, King of Scotland.
The castle was converted into a school for young gentle
men by the father of Mr. Rowland Hill, who introduced
penny postage.

CARRICK TOWNSHIP (1850)

Answered fierce Edward, " Hap what may,
In Carrick, Carrick's Lord must stay." — Lord of the Isles.
" Near Loch Goil are the ruins of Carrick Castle, an
ancient seat of the Dunmore family, situated on a high

BRUCE COUNTY 373
and nearly insulated rock." This is eleven miles from
Inverary, and a long distance from the Carrick Coast in
Ayrshire. " A powerful race of native chiefs derived from
Fergus, Lord of Galloway, and designated Earls of Carrick,
possessed the supreme influence in this mountainous region
previous to the rise of the Kennedys." " It was in the
neighborhood of this place (Turnberry Castle) that a fire,
accidentally kindled, was mistaken by the hero for an
appointed signal, and caused him to cross the sea from
Arran to Carrick to attempt the deliverance of his country.
The only tradition now remembered of the landing of
Robert Bruce in Carrick relates to the fire seen b}' him
from the Isle of Arran.'' The eldest son of the reigning
sovereign now bears the title of Earl of Carrick, as
Prince and Steward of Scotland.

CULROSS TOWNSHIP (1850)

" The hammermen of Edinburgh are no' that bad at girdles for
carcakes, neither, though the Cu'ross hammermen have the gree for
that. " — Heart of Midlothian.
CULROSS is called after Culross on the Firth of Forth,
described as " the ancient and decayed burgh of Culross,"
which was famous for the manufacture of girdles, the
round iron plates on which the people of Scotland bake
their barley and oaten bread. Culross was also celebrated
for its salt-pans and coal mines. At the Reformation the
possessions of the Cistertian Abbey, founded in 12 17, by
Malcolm, Earl of Fife, were conferred upon Sir James
Colville, who was created Lord Colville of Culross. Sir
George Bruce, of Carnock, who died in 1625, settled at
Culross, where he established extensive coal works and
carried on the manufacture of salt.

574 NOTHING BUT NAMES

KINLOSS TOWNSHIP (1S50)

The\- .ue " a' Scotch thegither " who dwell in Culross,
.And they often foregather with those of Kinloss.
Sir Edward Bruce, of Culross, commendator of the
Cistertian Abbey at Kinloss, was created Lord Bruce of
Kinloss in 1601. His second son, Thomas, third Lord
Kinloss, was created Earl of Elgin and Lord Bruce of
Kinloss in 1633. The Baron}- of Kinloss was decided b}-
a Committee of the House of Lords to be vested in the
Duke of Buckingham, 21st Jul}-, 186S. Cromwell took
the stones from the rnonastery of Kinloss to build a fort
at Inverness.

HURON TOWNSHIP (1849)

See Huron count\-.

BRANT TOWNSHIP (1850)

See Brant county.

GREENOCK TOWNSHIP (1S50)

Or where the Greenock winds his moorland course
Or haunted Garpal draws his feeble source.

-Bitrns.

This township is named from Greenock, a seaport
town in the county of Renfrew, Scotland, on the estuary

BRUCE COUNTY

375

of the Clyde, twenty-two miles from Glasgow. The
situation of Greenock, with the mountains of Argyleshire
and Dumbartonshire rising on the opposite side, is very
fine. Watt was born at Greenock. The town has a large
commerce with the East and West Indies, the United
States and Canada. One of the titles of Lord Cathcart,
who was commander of the forces in British America in
1845, and acted as Governor from Lord Metcalfe's
departure until the arrival of Lord Elgin, was Baron
Greenock, and a new mineral discovered by him — a
sulphuret of cadmium — is called Greenockite.

KINCARDINE TOWNSHIP (1849)

The man who did espouse this dame divine
Was Alexander, Earl of Kincardine ;
Who pour'd along my body, like a sluice.
The noble, noble, noble blood of Bruce. — Peter Pindar,
Old Peter should have begged his readers' pardon
For placing such an accent on Kincardine.
This township takes its name from Kincardineshire, or
The Mearns, a small maritime county on the east coast of
Scotland, south of Aberdeen and north of Forfar. Mount
Battock, the highest point of the Grampians in Kincardine,
is 3,500 feet high. The capital of Kincardineshire is
Stonehaven. Some chroniclers affirm that the pursuit and
death of Macbeth took place near Kincardine-O'Neil, and
not at Perth. There is also a town called Kincardine near
Culross on the River Forth. Sir Edward Bruce, of
Carnock, was created Earl of Kincardine in 1647, and the
present ninth Earl of Elgin is thirteenth Earl of
Kincardine.

376 NOTHING BUT NAMES

BRUCE TOWNSHIP (1850)

See Bruce county.

ELDERSLIE TOWNSHIP (1850)

Yet bleeding and bound, though the Wallace wight
For his long-loved country die.
The bugle ne'er sung to a braver knight
Than William of Elderslie. — Campbell.
They boast their Bruce of Bannockburn,
Their noble Knight of Ellerslie. — Gerald (h'iffin.
This township takes its name from Elderslie or
Ellerslie, a yillage in Renfrew county, Scotland, two miles
from Paisley. This is the ancient patrimony and supposed
birthplace of Sir William Wallace, born in 1270, beheaded
and quartered at Smithfield in 1305. He was the younger
son of Sir Malcolm Wallace, the Knight of Ellerslie. He
defeated the English at Stirling, but was defeated by them
at Falkirk, and captured near Glasgow. Black says : " A
short distance from Paisley, the line passes on the left the
straggling village of Elderslie. Here, near the turnpike
road, is the oak in which, according to tradition. Sir
William Wallace, the ' Knight of Elderslie,' concealed
himself from the English troops. Elderslie House, which
stands at a short distance, appears to be of later erection
than the era of the hero."

BRUCE COUNTY 377

ARRAN TOWNSHIP (1850)

Hold we our way for Arran first.
Where meet in arms our friends dispersed. — Lord of the Isles,
The island of Arran, in the Firth of Clyde, after which
this township is named, is twenty miles long and ten miles
wide. It has a mountain peak 2,000 feet high. The
Scotch Earldom of Arran was originally in the family of
Boyd, one of whom married a sister of King James III. of
Scotland. He was attainted for high treason, and his
wife, being divorced from him, was given to James, Lord
Hamilton, who was created Earl of Arran. From this
marriage sprang the celebrated ducal house of Hamilton,
which claimed to be next in royal descent to the Stuarts.
The Earl of Arran, who has also many other titles, includ
ing Duke of Hamilton and Brandon, Marquis of
Clydesdale, etc., is Premier Peer of Scotland. The family
name of the Irish Earl of Arran is Gore.

SAUGEEN TOWNSHIP (1850)

Saugeen is an Indian word, meaning the mouth of a
river.

AMABEL TOWNSHIP (1855)

This township is named after Henrietta Amabel Yorke,
daughter of Rev. Philip Yorke, prebendary of Ely, and

378 NOTHING BUT NAMES
sister of Anna Maria Yorke, who married Sir Edmund
Walker Head, Governor-General of Canada 1855-61. The
mother of these two ladies was Hon. Anna Maria Cocks,
daughter of Charles, first Earl Somers. Intermarriages
between the families of Hardwicke (Yorke) and of Somers
(Cocks) were quite common, as was the Christian name
Amabel in the former family. Philip Yorke, the first Earl
of Hardwicke, married Miss Margaret Cocks. The eldest
daughter of their son, Philip the second Earl of Hardwicke,
was Lady Amabel Grey, an aunt of Viscount Goderich
(see Grantham and Goderich townships). Philip Yorke,
the third Earl of Hardwicke, nephew of the second Earl,
married Lady Elizabeth Lindsay (see Lindsay township),
daughter of the Earl of Balcarres. Joseph Yorke, an
uncle of Lady Head and Miss Henrietta Amabel, married
Catharine Cocks, a niece of the first Earl Somers. The
second daughter of Sir Edmund and Lady Head was
named Amabel Jane. As this portion of Bruce county
was surveyed while Sir Edmund Head was Governor, the
selection of a name for Amabel township is quite easily
accounted for.

ALBEMARLE TOWNSHIP (1855)

While Albemarle did cornmand,
Pocock and Admiral Keppel ;
Let Morro Fort and Spaniards vaunt.
If Britons be unable.
— Old Ballad on " The Sacki7lg of Hava7mah."
Tho' Albemarle discours'd of Camps or Courts,
Godolphin talk'd of Horses, Hounds and Sports. —Mitchell, 1732.
This township was named in honor of George Thomas
Keppel, sixth Earl of Albemarle, born 1799, died 1891,

BRUCE COUNTY 379
aged ninety-one years. He was a general in the army,
unattached, and fought at Waterloo with the 14th regi
ment, coming out of the battle unscathed. He entered
Paris without shoes and with his clothes in rags. He was
the last survivor of Waterloo, but one, holding a commis
sion. Lord Albemarle married, in 1831, Susan, daughter
of Sir Coutts Trotter, and succeeded his brother in the
earldom in 1851. His son, William Coutts Keppel,
seventh Earl of Albemarle, known to Canadians as
Viscount Bury, born 1832, died August 28, 1894, was
private secretary to Lord John Russell in 1850 and
Superintendent-General for Indian Affairs in Canada in
1854-56. He was summoned to the House of Lords in
his father's lifetime, in 1876, as Baron Ashford. He
married, in 1855, Sophia Mary, daughter of Sir Allan N.
McNab, of Hamilton, Prime Minister of Canada ; was
elected three times to the House of Commons, and was
Under Secretary of War 1878-80. " Picturesque Canada,"
page 567, says :
"In 1855 Lord Bury, the private secretary of the
Governor-General, was sent to negotiate a treaty that
would open the (Saugeen) reserve for settlement. Now
the names of townships, town plot, road and almost every
thing else in the peninsula suggest only his Lordship and
the Keppel family, instead of the old lords of the soil."
The Earldom of Albemarle, conferred upon Arnold
Joost Van Keppel by King William III., takes its
name from a town and territory in the dukedom of
Normandy. The title had been formerly borne by the
princes of the Plantagenet line, and lastly by the Monk
family as a dukedom, so that a more honorable one could
not be fixed upon to honor the friend and favorite of the
Prince of Orange. The first Earl (Arnold Keppel) took a
leading part in the campaigns of the great Duke of

38o NOTHING BUT NAMES
Marlborough. The second Earl, William Anne, fought at
Dettingen, Fontenoy and Culloden. The third Earl,
George Keppel, was also a general in the army, and it was
he who won £uba from the Spaniards. This dearly won
victory, in which thousands of British lives were sacrificed,
was afterwards thrown away by a weak home Government
under Lord Bute. In the spring of 1762 a fleet left
Falmouth for the West Indies. George, the third Earl of
Albemarle, commanded the expedition, while under him
served his two brothers, Augustus and William. On June
6, 1762, the fleet cast anchor before Havana with an army
of 11,000 men on board. It took three weeks to get the
siege guns landed and in position. The Spaniards fought
bravely, and did great damage to the attacking fleet. By
the middle of July the defence was practically at an end.
On August 1 2th articles of capitulation were signed, and
the victors proudly set up the British flag in Havana,
after a splendid fight for the richest city in the West
Indies. It seems almost incredible that, after a most
costly war, Cuba should have been given up for the asking.
On February 10, 1763, the treaty of Paris was concluded
between England, France and Spain. And thus Cuba
passed again under Spanish rule. The three Keppel
brothers drew over ^150,000 as their joint share of the
prize money.

BRUCE COUNTY 381

EASTNOR TOWNSHIP (1855)

Lady Henry Somerset,
Terror of the whiskey bummers.
An estate inherited
From her father. Earl of Somers,
Lord of Eastnor Castle, which
Once was known as Castleditch.
This township was named in honor of John Somers
Cocks, Eari of Somers, Viscount Eastnor of Eastnor
Castle, County of Hereford, who married in 181 5 Caroline
Harriet, }'oungest daughter of Philip Yorke, third Earl of
Hardwicke. The proprietor of Eastnor Castle was thus
very closely related to Lady Head, (see Amabel township),
and Sir Edmund Head, the Governor-General, chose the
name of Eastnor for the township in compliment to his
wife's relation. Eastnor Castle is now the property of
Lady Henry Somerset, daughter of the late Earl Somers.

LINDSAY TOWNSHIP (1855)

Here while they dwelt, did Lindesay's wit
Oft cheer the Baron's moodier fit. — Marmion.
Henry Bethune, of Edinburgh, married a cousin of Sir
Coutts Trotter, the sixth Earl of Albemarle's father-in-law.
His grandson. Sir Henry Bethune, married Miss Coutts
Trotter, daughter of John Trotter, a relative (probably a
brother) of Sir Coutts Trotter. Their son. Sir John Trotter
Bethune (the name of Bethune was taken by the family in
place of Lindsay, along with certain inherited estates),
established his claim to the Earldom of Lindsay before a

382 NOTHING BUT NAMES
committee of the House of Lords. This township was
named by Viscount Bury in honor of his mother's relatives,
the Lindsa^•s.

ST. EDMUND'S TOWNSHIP (1S55)

Bury St. Edmund ? Certainly !
If vou'll find me his bod}- and head.
Who would have thought he'd be wandering about
A thousand years after he's dead?
The title of Viscount Bury (see Albemarle township)
is taken from Bury St. Edmund's, the metropolis of the
western division of Suffolk count}', which has a history
dating from 638, when Siegbright, fifth King of the East
Angles, founded a church and monaster}- there. King
Edmund, the martyr, was crowned at Bur}- in 855, and was
subsequently killed by the Danes, who cut his head off and
threw it into the wood, whence it was brought back b}' a
wolf Richard I., previous to his departure for the Holy
Land, paid a devotional visit to the convent and shrine of
St Edmund ; and on his return he offered up the rich
standard of Isaac, King of C}-prus, at the shrine. Henry
HI. and Edward I. held Parliaments at Bury. In 1381
\\^at Tyler and Jack Straw seized Sir John de Cavendish,
the Lord Chief Justice, and took him to Bur}', where they
struck off his head and placed it on the pillor}-. The
insurgents plundered the abbe}', carr}dng off jewels and
damaging the buildings. Bur}' St. Edmund's was the
rendezvous of the troops of John Dudley, Duke of
Northumberland, when he had his daughter-in-law, Lady
Jane Grey, declared the heiress to the Crown, in place of
Queen Mary, during whose reign man}- persons were
burned as heretics at Bury. In the reign of James I.
forty persons were hanged at Bury for witchcraft.

GREY COUNTY 383

GREY COUNTY (1852)

I was destroyed by Wellington and Grey ;
They both succeeded, each has had his day.
— Frere's Epitaph on Canning.
See Grey township, Huron county.

SARAWAK TOWNSHIP (1855)

In the distant land of Sarawak the Dyaks and Malays
Were much inclined to piracy and other wicked ways,
Till an enterprising Englishman, Sir James Brooke,
Became a king in Borneo, on his own hook.
Sarawak township is called after the independent
state, Sarawak, in the island of Borneo, inhabited by
Malays and Dyaks. In 1841 the Sultan of Borneo
ceded a portion of the territory, including the town of
Sarawak, to Sir James Brooke (see Brooke township), a
friend of Captain (afterward Admiral) Sir Henry Keppel,
brother of the sixth Earl of Albemarle, and uncle of
Viscount Bury, who was superintendent of Indian Affairs
in Canada (see Albemarle township). The story of " The
Expedition "to Borneo of Her Majesty's Ship Dido, for the
Suppression of Piracy, with Extracts from the Journal of
James Brooke, Esq., of Sarawak, now her Majest}''s
Commissioner and Consul-General to the Sultan and
Independent Chiefs of Borneo," was published by
Captain the Hon. Henry Keppel, R. N., and the third

384 NOTHING BUT NAMES
edition appeared in 1847. Captain Rodney Mundy also
published in two volumes in 1848 a " Narrative of Events
in Borneo and Celebes, down to the occupation of Labuan,
from the Journals of James Brooke, Esq., Rajah of Sara
wak and Governor of Labuan." In the same year, books
by Frank S. Marryatt, Hugh Low and Captain Sir Edward
Belcher, on the same subject, were published.

KEPPEL TOWNSHIP (1855)

For Rodney, brave, but low in cash,
You golden gifts bespoke ;
To Keppel, rich, but not so rash,
You gave a heart of oak. — Gentleman's Magazine.
Keppel township took its name from the Captain
Henry Keppel just mentioned, born 1809, who, after
assisting Brooke at Borneo, commanded the St Jean
d'Acre in the Baltic, 1854-55, and commanded the naval
brigade at the destruction of the Chinese war fleet in 1857;
was naval Commander-in-chief at the Cape of Good Hope
in i860; Vice-admiral and Commander-in-chief on the
China and Japan station, 1867, and attained the rank of
full admiral in 1869. He wrote " A Visit to the Indian
Archipelago in H.M.S. Masander," two volumes, and was
made D.C.L. of Oxford in 1870. He is still living (Oct,
1898), and in his ninetieth year is writing his autobiography.

GREY COUNTY 385

DERBY TOWNSHIP (1842)

Derby and Gladstone felt the breeze
That urged their sails to Homer's seas ;
Yet in the Senate found their fate.
And drank the hot wine of debate. — Punch.
The township of Derby was named in honor of the
Earl of Derby, Lord Stanley (see Stanley township), whose
title is taken from the city of Derby in Derbyshire, England.
In the twelfth century, Robert de Ferrariis was Earl of
Derby, but the representative of the Stanley family was
made Earl of Derby by Henry VII. in 1485 for acts of
prowess and devotion at the battle of Bosworth. For
more than two centuries prior to the time of George III.,
the Earls of Derby were sovereigns of the Isle of Man.
Derbyshire is noted for its mines of lead and coal, worked
from ver}' early times. The origin of the town of Derby,
called Northworthige by the Saxons, and Deoraby by the
Danes, is unknown. It is supposed to have been a settle
ment of the Britons, and there can be little doubt that it
was occupied by the Romans. In All Saints' Church,
Derby, is a monument to William, Earl of Devonshire, who
died in 1628, and to Christian, his Countess, the only
daughter of Lord Bruce, of Kinloss, in Scotland.

SULLIVAN TOWNSHIP (1840)

Arrah, thin. Master Sullivan, what have you done.
Such a wonderful, wicked name to have won ? — Punch.
This township was named after Hon. Robert Baldwin
Sullivan, a cousin of Hon. Robert Baldwin, who was a

386 NOTHING BUT NAMES
prominent figure in Canadian politics in the second
quarter of the century. He was born in Ireland and came
to Canada in his youth. In 1834 he had a quarrel with
William Lyon MacKenzie, which probably caused Mr. Sulli
van to take the Conservative side when he entered public
life. When Sir Francis B. Head appeared on the scene,
he offered Mr. Sullivan a seat in the Executive Council
which was accepted. Thereafter he was almost continually
in office. Sir John William Kaye, in his Life of Lord
Metcalfe, says that if Mr. Sullivan had united consistency
of political conduct and weight of personal character with
the great and original talents he unquestionably possessed,
he might have taken a conspicuous part in the affairs of
any country. He was a member of the Baldwin-
Lafontaine Government. In 1848 Mr. Sullivan resigned
his post of Provincial Secretar}- and succeeded Hon. Jonas
Jones as Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, which
place he occupied with honor and dignity until his death
in 1853, when Attorney-General W. B. Richards took his
olace on the Bench.

BENTINCK TOWNSHIP (1840)

Last term, spite of Bentinck's rough rage.
To his Educational glory,
Resulted in Household Suffrage,
Conservative chief auctore. — Punch.
The township of Bentinck was called after Lord
William Charles Bentinck, born 1774, died 1839, who
succeeded Lord Amherst in the Governor-Generalship of
India (1828-34), under whom Sir Charles Metcalfe served,
and of whom it is written that " Lord William Bentinck, a

GREY COUNTY 387
Liberal to the core, encouraged the press, snapped his
fingers at its attacks on himself, and thought its freedom
an immense good." He was the second son of the third
Duke of Portland, who was Premier in 1783 and 1807.
(See Portland township). Lord William Bentinck's
epitaph is printed in Macaulay's " Essays."

NORMANBY TOWNSHIP (1840)

Normanby, Normanby, what's the matter?
No bee in your bonnet ? — then who's your hatter
Commissioned to build you a Cardinal's Hat ?
Otherwise what is your Lordship at ?
Priestcraft and tyranny thus to uphold,
Yourself old Normanby, why have you sold ?
That you have become one of Loyola's crew ?
Normanby, Normanby, can it be true ?

— Punch.

This township was named in honor of Constantine
Henry Phipps, Marquis of Normanby, born in 1797, died
1863, who was Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1839 ;
Lord Lieutenant and Governor-General of Ireland''i835-39,
and Governor of Jamaica 1832-34. A historian says:
" When Lord Melbourne came into power in 1835, Ireland
was governed with impartiality and mildness by Lord
Mulgrave, afterward Marquis of Normanby, with Lord
Morpeth as Chief Secretary.'' The father of the Marquis
was First Lord of the Admiralty in 181 2. Charles Edmund
Phipps, a nephew of the Marquis of Normanby, married in
1868 Susan Stewart, daughter of the Very Rev. John
Gamble Geddes, of Hamilton, Dean of Niagara. There
are four villages called Normanby in Lincolnshire and two
in Yorkshire.

388 NOTHING BUT NAMES

EGREMONT TOWNSHIP (1840)

Strong Egremont for air must gasp,
Beauchamp undoes his visor-clasp. — Lord of the Isles.
This township was named after George O'Brien
Wyndham, third Earl of Egremont, born 175 1, died 1837,
who succeeded his father in 1763. He does not appear to
have had much liking for politics. Although a Liberal, he
supported Pitt's war policy and placed himself at the head
of a body of volunteers. His brother married Lady
Lambton, the mother of the first Earl of Durham, who
became Governor of Canada, and his sister married the
first Earl of Carnarvon. This Earl of Egremont was very
rich, and his chief seat known as Princely Petworth, close
to the town of Petworth in Sussex, standing in a park
surrounded by a wall twelve miles long, is described as a
temple of all that can grace and refine human nature, rich
in the noblest productions of genius — whatever the scholar,
the sculptor and the painter could produce. When the
Earl died unmarried in 1837, he was succeeded by his
nephew, George Wyndham, born 1786, who was a Captain
in the Royal Nav}'. He died without issue and the title
became extinct. The title of the Wyndhams was taken
from the town of Egremont, on the Broad river, Cumber
land county, near the Irish Sea. Egremont Castle,
described as strong but not large, was built in 1070. In
ancient times Egremont was a borough, but it was
disfranchised on petition of the inhabitants, who thought
the expense of representation exceeded the benefits.
Ancient charters show that about the time of King John

GREY COUNTY 389
the inhabitants of Egremont were in a state of abject
vassalage. There is another Egremont in Caermarthen,
Wales.

PROTON TOWNSHIP (1827)

Proton is the neuter form of the Greek adjective,
meaning " the first" Why the word should have been
selected as the name for a township is a mystery, but the
adjoining townships, Melancthon and Artemisia, also have
Greek names. The township was named, but not settled,
when the first Canada Company map was published.

GLENELG TOWNSHIP (1840)

With eyes fast closed, as one at rest.
Lord Glenelg sat, supremely blest. — Punch,
Glenelg was snoring in his chair —
His custom every day —
Then up he got and rubbed his eyes
To brush the sleep away. — Cobourg Star, Feb, 7, 1838,
This township was named after Charles Grant, of
Glenelg, in the county of Inverness, Scotland, who was
raised to the peerage as Lord Glenelg in 1836. The word
Glenelg spells alike from either end. Lord Glenelg's
father was a director of the East India Company, and his
brother, the Right Hon. Sir Robert Grant, was Governor
of Bombay. When the Duke of Wellington succeeded
Lord Goderich as Premier in 1828, Mr. Charles Grant
was President of the Board of Trade, but he left the

390 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Government along with Lords Palmerston and Dudley,
Mr. Huskisson and Mr. Lamb (afterwards Lord Melbourne).
He proposed resolutions concerning the Corn Laws which
were carried and formed the basis of Wellington's sliding
scale. In 1831 he took office under Lord Grey and
assisted to carry the Reform Bill. In Melbourne's Govern
ment, Lord Glenelg was Secretary of State for \\'ar and
the Colonies. In that capacity he had much to do with
Canadian affairs during the critical rebellion period. Miss
Lizars says : " Lord Glenelg, with the best intentions in
the world, had a positive genius for doing the wrong
thing."

ARTEMISIA TOWNSHIP (1822)

One Queen Artemisia, as old stories tell,
When deprived of her husband she loved so well. — Burtis,
Artemisia is a Greek word, meaning a herb like
wormwood. It is also a proper name. Herodotus
mentions Artemisia, the daughter of Lygdamis, queen of
Halicarnassus and other cities of Caria. Artemisia, queen
of Mausolus, king of Caria, raised to the memory of her
husband a splendid sepulchre, whence the term mausoleum
for any splendid tomb. Queen Artemisia of Halicarnassus
displayed great skill and valor at the battle of Salamis,
but her conduct in putting out the eyes of Dardanus, and
then drowning herself to make atonement for her cruelty
to the object of her unrequited affection, does not accord
with her previous reputation for wisdom. The botanical
term Artemisia was adopted because wormwood was
dedicated to Artemis, the Greek Diana.

GREY COUNTY 391

OSPREY TOWNSHIP (1822)

The Osprey, or Fish Hawk, arrives in Ontario as soon
as the ice breaks up in the spring. Here and there a pair
will settle and remain for the summer, but most of them
proceed directly to the Arctic circle, where they rear their
young. A ship in the British Navy is called the Osprey,
and the township, probably, is named in honor of the ship,
and not of the bird.

HOLLAND TOWNSHIP (1840)

On this shall Holland's dying speech be read.
Here Bute's confession, and his wooden head. — W, Mason,
This township may have been named after Major
Samuel Holland, an engineer officer who aided General
Wolfe at Louisbourg and at the siege of Quebec. He
became Surveyor-General of Canada, and his nephew,
Joseph Bouchette, author of " The British Dominions in
North America," ultimately became his successor as
Surveyor-General of Lower Canada. Before the Revolu
tion Major Holland was "Surveyor-General of the Colonies
north of Virginia." In 1780 he bought a farm and
mansion near Quebec, and there, in 1791, he entertained
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent In that year he made a
map of the Province of Quebec. Major Holland became
a member of the Executive and Legislative Councils and
died in 1801. His son, Samuel Holland, junior, was killed
in a duel at Montreal by Major Ward, of the 60th Regi
ment, the shot being fired from one of a brace of pistols

392 NOTHING BUT NAMES
that had been presented to Major Holland by General
Wolfe. Lord Holland was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lan
caster, in Lord Melbourne's Government, 1835-41, and it
is possible that this township was named in his honor.

EUPHRASIA TOWNSHIP (1823)

Euphrasia is the name of a plant of an astringent
quality, formerly in repute for diseases of the eyes. The
meaning of the word is cheerfulness, in allusion to its
reputed medicinal properties. The common name of the
plant is " eyebright.''

COLLINGWOOD TOWNSHIP (1840)

And fare thee well, George CoUingwood,
Since fate has put us down ;
If thou and I have lost our lives,
King James has lost his crown.
— Ballad of Deriventjvater's Good Xight.
This township, at first called Alta, or Alba, and on the
map of 1836 Atlas, was renamed in honor of Cuthbert,
Lord CoUingwood, born 1750, died 18 10. He went to sea
at the age of eleven, with his uncle Captain, afterwards
Admiral Braithwaite, who commanded the Shannon
frigate. On the day of the Battle of Bunker's Hill, he
received his commission as Lieutenant, and at Jamaica
station renewed his friendship with Nelson, whom he
succeeded on the Badger and the Hinchinbroke. He
served through the war, returning to England in 1786,
where 'he married Miss Sarah Blackett, of Newcastle.
When war broke out with France in 1793, Captain CoUing
wood took command of the Prince, Rear-Admiral Bowyer's

GREY COUNTY 393
flag-ship. He was on the Excellent at the victory of Cape
St. Vincent, of which he wrote a thrilling description to
his wife. Captain CoUingwood was second in command
at Trafalgar. His ship, the Royal Sovereign, was the first
to attack and break the enem}''s line, and upon the death
of Nelson, CoUingwood finished the victor}- and continued
in command of the fleet. For his services on that occasion
he was raised to the peerage, and granted a pension of
;£'2,ooo.

SYDENHAM TOWNSHIP (1S42)

The learned Sydenham does not doubt
But profound thought will bring the gout. — Dr. ti'aldren.
Welcome are all its flowers and bowers.
As guests when one has bidden 'em ;
But you're not \velcome to the flowers.
Mind this, when down at Sydenham. — Punch's Moral for May.
This township was named after Charles Poulett
Thomson, Lord Sydenham, who was Governor of Canada
1839-41. He was born in 1799 and bred to mercantile
pursuits, his family being engaged in the Russia trade.
He was allied by marriage to the Barings and entered
Parliament in 1826 as a Whig, being elected for Dover.
He afterward sat for Manchester and was President of the
Board of Trade. Lord S}-denham selected Kingston for
the capital, and entered earnest!}- upon the task that had
been assigned him — that of giving Canada responsible
Government. McMullen says he " literally wore out his
feeble life in the service of the Canadian people." His death
was caused by lock-jaw, due to a fall from his horse at a
time when he was in feeble health. The crowning work
of his life was his successful inauguration of the Union of
the Canadas, which was conceived by Lord Durham and

394 NOTHING BUT NAMES
executed by Lord Sydenham. His body was interred on
the 24th of September, 1841, beneath the floor of St.
George's Church, Kingston. " And so Lord Sydenham
slept his last sleep, three thousand miles distant from his
native land and the tombs of his ancestors."

ST. VINCENT TOWNSHIP (1840)

From St. Vincent, and from Victory, and Wellington come well
These cheers that of warm welcome home from hard-fought battles tell.
— Punch.
This township first bore the uninviting name of Zero,
which was changed to St. Vincent in memory of John
Jervis, Earl of St. Vincent, born at Meaford Hall, near
Stone, in Staffordshire, 1734, died 1823. He went to sea
under Lord Hawke when he was ten years old. For his
exerfions at Quebec he was publicly commended by Sir
Charles Saunders, and on his return from America in 1780
he was promoted to the rank of post-captain. At the
trial of Admiral Keppel, Captain Jervis gave testimony in
favor of the accused officer. In 1793 he was ordered to
the West Indies to assist Sir Charles Grey in his opera
tions against Martinique. He was next appointed to the
Mediterranean squadron and proceeded to blockade the
Spanish fleet at Cadiz. The battle took place on Feb. Ii,
1797, Jervis having fifteen vessels to oppose twenty-seven
ships of the enemy. After the battle he sailed into the
Tagus with four captured ships and a large number of
prisoners. For this he was raised to the peerage, awarded
a gold medal and granted a pension of ;£^3,ooo per year.
He afterwards served as First Lord of the Admiralty, and
died 'at the age of eighty-nine, leaving no heir. His body
was interred in the family mausoleum in Stone church
yard.

HALIBURTON DISTRICT 395

HALIBURTON DISTRICT (1875)

Recollect always, you are not Sam Slick, and I am not you. The
greatest compliment a Britisher would think he could pay you would be
to say, "I should have taken you for an Englishman." Now the
greatest compliment he can pay me is to take me for a Connecticut
elockmaker, who hoed his way up to the Embas.sy in London, and
preserved so much of his nationality after being so long among
foreigners." — Nature and Human Nature.
Haliburton District or Provisional County was
called after Thomas Chandler Haliburton, born at
Windsor, Nova Scotia, in 1796, died at Isleworth, Eng
land, in 1865, son of Mr. Justice Haliburton, of Nova
Scotia, descended from an ancient Scottish family. He
studied law and was called to the bar in 1820. After
serving a term in the Provincial Assembly, he was
appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas in
1829, and Judge of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia in
1840. In 1835 he contributed to a weekly newspaper a
series of letters, descriptive of Yankee character, which
were republished in book form under the title, " The
elockmaker, or Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick, of
Slickville," and very widely read in the United States as
well as in England. In 1842 Judge Haliburton took up
his residence in England, where he wrote " The Attache,
or Sam Slick in England " (1843), " Traits of American
Humor" (1852), "Nature and Human Nature" (1855) and
several other works. Another authority says he removed
from Nova Scotia to England in 1850. He received the
honorary degree of D.C.L. from Oxford in 1858, and in
1859 he was elected to the House of Commons for

396 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Launceston, which seat he held until his death in 1865. In
Judge Haliburton's later writings will be found shrewd
and humorous observations on the aspects of British
society, especially with regard to the upper classes and
their servants. "Judge Haliburton attained a place and
fame difficult to acquire at all times — that of a man of
serious avocation, whose humor was nurtured in one
country, and became naturalized in another ; for humor is
the least exotic of the gifts of genius." The name was
given to the village of Haliburton, and afterward applied
to the district, because Judge Haliburton (Sam Slick) was
the first Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Cana
dian Land and Emigration Company, which purchased
in 1 86 1 one million acres of land in the townships of
Harcourt, Dudley, Dysart, Bruton, Harburn, Guilford,
Clyde, Eyre, and Havelock. (See Robinson township).
Among the royal birthday honors conferred on May 24,
1898, was the peerage given to Sir Arthur Laurence
Haliburton, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for War,
from 1895 to 1897. Thus was revived a title which had
been in the Haliburton family for nearly two hundred
years. Sir Walter Haliburton, Lord High Treasurer of
Scotland (1439-49), who married a daughter of the Regent
Albany, was created Lord Haliburton of Dirlton, in 1440.
The sixth Lord Haliburton left no sons, and, as was
common in Scotland in those days, his lands and titles
descended to his eldest daughter. She married Lord
Ruthven, and carried the title and estates into that family.
Their son was created Earl Gowrie in 1581, and in 1600
the Gowrie conspiracy ended in his titles and estates being
forfeited with his life. The title of Lord Haliburton thus
reverted to the Crown, and has never been restored. Sir
Walter Scott wrote "A Memorial of the Haliburtons " to
prove that he, through his grandmother, a Haliburton, was

HALIBURTON DISTRICT 397
the sole representative of an extinct family, and that he
was, therefore, entitled to the burial place of the Hali
burtons in Dryburgh Abbey, where his bones now rest.
He was apparently unaware that a branch of the family
had gone to America and still survived there. The family
took the side of the Crown during the Revolution,
migrated to Nova Scotia, and were numbered amongst the
" United Empire Loyalists," who peopled that colony and
other parts of Canada. The grandfather of Sir Arthur
Haliburton became Chief Justice of Nova Scotia, and his
father, the well-known " Sam Slick " (who married Louisa
Neville, daughter of Captain Laurence Neville, of the 2nd
Life Guards and 19th Light Dragoons), after holding the
office of Judge of Supreme Court of Nova Scotia for many
years, settled in Britain, and in 1858 was returned M.P.
for Launceston in the Tory interest, a seat having been
provided for him there by the Duke (Algernon) of
Northumberland, in order that the views of the colonies
might have an advocate in the Imperial Parliament.
Rattray says that Sir William Young succeeded Sir
Brenton Haliburton as Chief Justice of Nova Scotia in
i860, which goes to show that there were three generations
of Haliburtons on the Nova Scotia bench.

CARDIFF TOWNSHIP (1862)

As Frontispiece to grace the New Year's scene,
Lo ! CardifTs stately tower and vanes are seen ;
Encomiums high th' enlightened mind await
That sav'd the structure from impending fate.
— William Rawlins, 1818.
This township is called after the town of Cardiff
in Glamorganshire, Wales, noted for its castle and church.

398 NOTHING BUT NAMES
founded A.D. i loo. The town is situated on the Bristol
Channel and was once surrounded b}'' a wall in which
were five gates. None of the gates remain, but consider
able portions of the wall, with a watch tower, are
preserved on the eastern side, where the ditch has been
cleared out and used for the bed of the canal. Robert,
Duke of Normandy, son of William the Conqueror, was
confined at Cardiff for twenty-six years by order of his
brother William II. In Charles I.'s time Cardiff Castle
was betrayed into the hands of Cromwell by a royalist
who led the troops into the castle through a subterraneous
passage.

MONMOUTH TOWNSHIP (1862)

In pride of power, in beauty's bloom.
Had wept o'er Monmouth's bloody tomb.
— Lay of the Last Minstrel.
This township was called after the county of
Monmouth, on the border between Wales and England,
bounded on the south by the Severn River. It contains
many ancient castles. The county town, also called
Monmouth, is situated between the rivers Munnow and
Wye. There was in the town a Norman castle, now in
ruins, which was the birthplace of King Henry V., hence
called Henry of Monmouth. Like most other places of
Roman origin, Monmouth consists of four principal streets
diverging at right angles from a common centre. Sir
Walter Scott, in the couplet quoted above, refers to Anne,
Duchess of Buccleugh and Monmouth, widow of the
unfortunate James, Duke of Monmouth, who was
beheaded in 1685. He was the son of Charles II. and
Lucy Walters, a Welsh girl whom Charles met at the
Hague, while he was a wanderer on the Continent. The

HALIBURTON DISTRICT 399
story of the honors conferred upon " little James Crofts,"
after his marriage with Anne Scott ; of the offices he held,
the wealth and titles he enjoyed ; of his ill-advised
rebellion, and of the severity with which he was treated
by his uncle, King James II., even after he had thrown
himself on the ground and begged for his life, is told at
length in the first volume of Macaulay's History of
England.

GLAMORGAN TOWNSHIP (1862)

Then wept your Jane upon my neck.
Crying " Help me, nurse, to flee
To my Howel Bann's Glamorgan hills j"
But word arrived — ah me ! —Campbell.
No more the stamp of armed steed
Shall dint Glamorgan's velvet meed. — Sir Walter Scott.
This township is named after the county of Glamor
gan in South Wales, the name being a contraction of
the Welsh Gwlad Morgan, or the county of Morgan, a
Prince who was killed 800 years before the birth of Christ;
but some writers derive the name from the word Mor,
which, in the British tongue, signifies the sea. The
mountains of Glamorganshire yield coal and lead ore.
" At Oystermouth Castle in Glamorganshire was anciently
held the Chancery Court for the seigniory of Gower, and
the Duke of Beaufort, the present lord of the seigniory, is
proprietor of the Castle." — Dugdale.

400 NOTHING BUT NAMES

SNOWDON TOWNSHIP (1858)

It is a glorious hour to him
Who stands on Snowdon's crested brow
When twilight's lingering star grows dim
And mists with morn's resplendence glow. — Mrs. Henuzns.
Such were the sounds that o'er the crested pride
Of the first Edward scatter'd wild dismay,
As down the steep of Snowdon's shaggy side
He wound with toilsome march his long array. — Thomas Gray.
This township takes its name from Snowdon, the
most lofty mountain of Wales and South Britain, ten
miles from Carnarvon. Its west side is partly formed
of basalt. Its summit, 3,571 feet above the sea, commands
magnificent views.

LUTTERWORTH TOWNSHIP (1858)

Not least art thou, thou little Bethlehem
In Judah, for in thee the Lord was born ;
Nor thou in Britain, little Lutterworth,
Least, for in thee the Word was born again. — Tennyson.
This township was called after Lutterworth, a market
town on the river Swift in Leicestershire, situated in
the midst of a rich grazing country. The inhabitants
were formerly obliged to grind their malt at one
particular mill and their corn at another, but in 1758 this
custom of feudal tyranny was abolished by a decision of
the Assizes. Lutterworth is celebrated as having been
the residence of John Wycliffe, Professor of Divinity

HALIBURTON DISTRICT 401
in the University of Oxford, and rector of this parish in
the fourteenth century, who wrote against some of the
doctrines of the Catholic Church, and particularly opposed
the Pope's supremacy ; but being supported by John
of Gaunt and some of the nobility who had personal
disputes with the clergy, he was suffered to retain his
preferment and propagate his opinions till his death in
1384; his works, however, were condemned at the
Council of Constance in 1414, and in pursuance of the
sentence pronounced against him as a heretic, his bones
were dug up and burnt, and the ashes thrown into the
River Swift. Since England became Protestant, Wycliffe
has be"en regarded as a forerunner of the Reformation,
and his memory highly venerated ; and at Lutterworth
his picture occupies a conspicuous place in the church',
and his pulpit, his table, his gown, etc., are carefully
preserved as genuine relics of so extraordinary a
personage.

HARCOURT TOWNSHIP (i860)

How vain is reason, eloquence how weak !
If Pope must tell what Harcourt cannot speak. —Pope.
There is a village named Harcourt in Shropshire,
three miles from Whitchurch and ten miles from
Ellesmere. If not named after this village, Harcourt
township may take its name from the distinguished
English family descended from Martha Harcourt, a sister
of Simon, Earl of Harcourt, who was married to Lord
Vernon and died in 1794. Her son Edward, Archbishop
of York, assumed the name of Harcourt in 1831, and
married Lady Anne Leveson Gower, daughter of the

402 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Marquis of Stafford. The most distinguished living
representative of the family is the Right Hon. Sir William
George Granville Vernon-Harcourt, born in 1827, M.P.
for Oxford (1868); Professor of International Law in
Trinity College, Cambridge; Solicitor-General in 1873;
Home Secretary in 1880, and Chancellor of the
Exchequer in the last Liberal Government. Of the
Canadian Harcourts, Michael represented Haldimand
county for two terms in the Canadian Assembly before
Confederation, and his son, Hon. Richard Harcourt, born
in Seneca township in 1849, was elected to the Ontario
Legislature for Monck in 1878, and became Provincial
Treasurer in 1890, which office he still holds (1899).'

DUDLEY TOWNSHIP (i860)

Dudley, my one one love, my spirit halts ;
Would that it had thine now on which to lean.
— Sarah Williams.
Dudley is a name applied to both persons and
places in England. The thriving town of Dudley in
Worcestershire, not far from Birmingham, has a castle
said to have been built about 760, by Dudo, a Saxon.
It passed to the Duke of Northumberland, whose estates
were forfeited for opposing Queen Mar}-. In the Civil
Wars Dudley was a Royal garrison, and stood a siege for
three weeks. Early in the seventeenth century it passed
by marriage to the Ward family, and in 1790 it was burnt
by a party of coiners who had made it their retreat.
Lord Dudley and Ward employed workmen to restore
the castle to its original condition. The Dudley tunnel,
lime-quarries and canal are objects of interest in the

HALIBURTON DISTRICT 403
vicinity. John William Ward, who took his title of
Viscount Dudley from this town, was Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs under Canning, Goderich and
Wellington 1827-28. He died in 1833, when the title
became extinct. The names of Dudley and Guilford are
intimately connected in English history. Lady Jane
Grey, daughter of the Duke of Suffolk, married Lord
Guilforc^ Dudley, son of the Duke of Northumberland, in
1553. She and her husband were convicted of high
treason and beheaded on Tower-hill, February 12, 1554.
" Queen Mary piously suspended the execution of her
cousin three days, to afford time for her conversion to the
Catholic faith, but Lady Jane defended her opinions
against the arguments of the Romish divines sent to
reason with her, and prepared herself with firmness for her
approaching fate." Dudley J. North, born 1880, is the
present heir-apparent to the Earldom of Guilford.

DYSART TOWNSHIP (i860)

The canty carles o' Dysart,
The merry lads o' Buckhaven.

— Old Song.

Then from her coal-pits Dysart vomits forth
Her subterranean men of color dun.
Poor human mould-warps, doom'd to scrape in earth,
Cimmerian people, strangers to the sun.

-Tetmant.

This township is called after the Fifeshire seaport
town of Dysart, situated on the Firth of Forth. The place
bears traces of the Romans, Danes and Cromwell, with
their war paint on, and also of early religious orders.
Dysart exports coal and salt and is noted for its flax

404 NOTHING BUT NAMES
manufactures. Dysart House, near the town, is a seat of
the Earl of Rosslyn. The Earldom of Dysart belongs to
the Manners-Tollemache family.

MINDEN TOWNSHIP (1858)

Cold on Canadian hills, or Minden's plain
Perhaps that parent mourned his soldier slain. —Langhorne.
MiNDEN township is called after one of the oldest
towns in Germany, Minden in Westphalia, Prussia, noted
for its stone bridge, 640 feet long, over the Weser, which
was built in 1518 ; for its strong fortress; for its sugar,
vinegar, beer and brandy factories, and particularly for the
great battle fought at Todtenhausen, three miles from
Minden, in the same year that Quebec was taken from the
French. In 1026 the Emperor Conrad II. held his Diet
at Minden. The town was placed under the ban at the
Reformation, was taken by Charles V. in 1547, by Tilly in
1626 and by George, Duke of Luneburg, in 1634. In 165 1
thirty-one persons were beheaded at Minden for witchcraft.
In 1757 the town was occupied by the French, in 1758 by
the Hanoverians. On August i, 1759, the British and
Hanoverians, under Duke Frederick of Brunswick, defeated
the French under Contades, with a loss of 8,000 men, of
whom 3,000 were made prisoners. Lord George Sackville,
son of the Duke of Dorset, was found guilty by a court
martial of disobeying orders at Minden and was adjudged
unfit to serve His Majesty in any military capacity what
ever. The charge practically amounted to one of
cowardice. King George confirmed the sentence, struck
Sackville's name off the Privy Council book, and forbade

HALIBURTON DISTRICT 405
his appearance at Court. For this and other reasons, Lord
George Sackville was suspected of writing the Letters of
Junius.

ANSON TOWNSHIP (1858).

'Tis the Cli.irlotte that conies and a Charlotte she brings.
Under Lord .Vuson's care, for the noblest of Kings ;
Health and youth fill her eye, grace and ease deck her mien.
Whom Birth makes a Princess, but Fate makes a Queen.
— Stanzas for the Queen's Arrival, 1761.
This township takes its name from the distinguished
English fan»ily of soldiers and sailors connected with the
Earl of Lichfield. George Anson, commander-in-chief of
the British forces in India, was born in London, 1797, died
of cholera at Kurnaul, 1857. He was the second son of
Thomas, first Viscount Anson, and brother of the first
Earl of Lichfield. He served at Waterloo with the Scots
Fusileer Guards, sat in Parliament 1S28-53 as a Liberal,
and was a noted whist-player as well as a zealous patron
of the turf Lord George Anson, Baron Soberton, was
born in 1697 and died in 1762. He entered the navy
when a boy and in 1724 was a post-captain, in command
of the Scarborough man of war. In 1739 he started with
a badly equipped fleet to harass the Spanish trade and
settlements in the Pacific, and after winning many victories
and capturing rich prizes, he circumnavigated the globe
and got home in 1744. In 1757 he was made the head of
the admiralt}'. It was Admiral Anson, who, in 1761,
sailed from Harwich in the Charlotte yacht to bring
George III.'s bride to England. He was noted for his
tender care of the sick and his humanity towards prisoners.
Sir George Anson ( 1 769- 1S49) distinguished himself at the

4o6 NOTHING BUT NAMES
battles of Talavera, Salamanca and Vittoria ; he was
equerry to the Duchess of Kent, and groom of the bed
chamber to Prince Albert His son, Major O. H. Anson
(1815-1859), served through the Indian Mutiny.

BRUTON TOWNSHIP (1862)

I am monarch of all I survey.
My right there is none to dispute on ;
But I wish that I could get away
And go home to the village of Bruton.
— A. Selkirk (revised version).
This town is called after the town of Bruton in
Somersetshire, situated on the river Bru, and celebrated
for its manufacture of stockings. It was formerly the seat
of Sir Maurice Berkeley, who distinguished himself in the
Civil Wars. Sir John Wodehouse, born 1741, died 1834,
who was made Baron Wodehouse of Kimberley, married
Sophia Berkeley, of Bruton Abbey, Somerset The
church at Bruton was founded in 1 142. Within the parish
is the romantic hamlet of Disheove, where the remains of
a Roman tesselated pavement were discovered in 17 11.
Thomas G. Ridout wrote, Dec. 29, 1812 : "In this church
yard of Bruton lie the bones of the celebrated Robinson
Crusoe, or Alexander Selkirk, round whose tomb I walked.
He was a native of Bruton, a snug little town, with the
Brew running through it Six miles distant is a tower to
the memory of Alfred the Great, who on this spot defeated
the Danes in his first great battle."

HALIBURTON DISTRICT 407

HARBURN TOWNSHIP (1862)

This township may be called after the town of
Harburn in Edinburgh County, Scotland, or after the
Harburn river which rises in Devonshire and empties into
the Dart ; probably the former.

GUILFORD TOWNSHIP (1861)

When Guilford good our pilot stood.

—Bu

On Guildford-green he will you meet ;
He wishes you for him to pray.
For there he'll lose his life so sweet.
Or else the wedding he means to stay.
— Cupid's Triumph.
Guilford takes its name from the town of Guilford,
or Guildford, in Surrey, on the river Wey, which has
a written charter dating back to 1256. At a short
distance from the town is a circular race course, to which
King William III. subscribed a plate of the value of
£\0'^ to be annually run for. The ancient cock-pit of
Guilford has been converted into a butter and poultry
market. Guilford gives the title of Earl to the North
family, one of whose members was the Premier of Great
Britain during the war of the Revolution in America.
(See Dudley township).

4o8 NOTHING BUT NAMES

STANHOPE TOWNSHIP (i860)

The.se trophies. Stanhope, of a lovely dame.
Once the bright object of a monarch's fl'ame,
Who with such just propriety can wear.
As thou, the darling of the gay and fair'

—Jenyns,

This township takes its name from Philip Henry
Stanhope, 5th Earl of Stanhope, born 1805, died 1875,
who was Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs in 1834,
President of the Society of Antiquaries, a Trustee of the
British Museum, and who, as Lord Mahon, wrote a
History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to that of
Versailles, and other historical works. ^Alexander
Stanhope, only son of Philip, Earl of Chesterfield, was
created Baron Stanhope of Mahon in 17 17, and Earl
Stanhope in the following year. Lord Stanhope's History
is a history of the nation, its wars, and its internal policy.
Its heroes are the Sovereign and the Ministers who
conducted the administration of the empire, and their
political adversaries who checked the government at every
step. It has nothing to do directly with the people
whom either party affected to represent. There is a
village called Stanhope in Durham county, England,
many of ^vhose inhabitants find employment in the lead
mines.

//. i LIB UR TON DIS TRICT 409

HINDON TOWNSHIP (i860)

Pretty Henrietta Hyde,
Who Queen Mary's ribbons pinned on.
Was not fated to abide
In the quiet town of Hindon.
This township takes its name from the old town of
Hindon in Wiltshire, which was represented in Parliament
before the Reform Bill was adopted. In a foot note to
" English Bards and Scotch Reviewers,'' B}'ron mentions
that Matthew Gregory Lewis was M.P. for Hindon. A
fine variety of free-stone is obtained near the town of
Hindon. The Earl of Clarendon (see Clarendon township)
is also Baron Hyde of Hindon. The Hyde and the
Villiers families have had peculiar and oft recurring
relationships. As far back as 1254 Sir Richard de
Villiers, who accompanied Edward 1. to the Holy Land,
married Maud, daughter of Sir John Hyde, of Hyde Hall,
from whom descended George Villiers, Duke of Bucking-
hain, the favorite of King James I., and Barbara V-illiers,
the mother of the first Duke of Grafton. The first wife
of the Duke of York, afterward King James 1 1., was
Anne Hyde, daughter of Edward Hyde, Chancellor of
the Realm, who was created Earl of Clarendon. Anne
Hyde's daughters, Mary and Anne, became Queens of
England. Her brother, Lawrence Plyde, second son of
the Chancellor, who, though a zealous champion of the
Crown and the Church, " drank deep and swore like a
porter,'' became Earl of Rochester and was the father of
" pretty little Henrietta Hyde, the best child in the
world," who supported the gorgeous train of her cousin.
Queen Mary, at her Coronation in 1689, and was soon

410 NOTHING BUT NAMES
afterwards married to a son of the unfortunate Duke of
Monmouth (see Monmouth township). In 1752 Lady
Charlotte Capel, grand-daughter of Henry Hyde, Earl of
Clarendon and Rochester, married Thomas Villiers and'
brought the titles of Hyde and Clarendon back to that
family. The present Earl of Clarendon, Edward Hyde
Villiers. is great-grandson of the aforesaid Charlotte,.
Baroness of Hyde, of Hindon, Wiltshire.

CLYDE TOW^NSHIP (1872)

And England's light-arm'd vessels ride,
Not distant from the waves of Clyde.

-Sir Walter Scott.

This township was named in honor of Sir Colin
Campbell, grand officer of the Legion of Honor, a Field
Marshal in the British Army, Commander-in-Chief in the
East Indies, born near Glasgow in 1792, died in 1863.
He entered the army in 1808, serving first in Portugal
and then in the war of 181 2-1 5 with the United States.
He helped to quell an insurrection in Demarara in 1823,
took part in the Chinese war in 1842, was through the
Indian wars of 1848-52, proceeded to the Crimea in 1854
in command of the Highland Brigade, and fought with
great distinction at Alma, Balaclava and the Redan.
Kinglake says Campbell was a soldier, and had fellow-
feeling with soldiers, and they had fellow-feeling with him.
He cherished them with watchful care, and they on their
part loved, honored and obeyed him with a faith that
all he ordered was right. In 1857, on the death of Gen.
Anson, Sir Colin Campbell was sent at twenty-four
hours' notice to assume the supreme command in Bengal.

HALIBURTON DISTRICT 411
He hastened to Lucknow, the seat of the Sepoy rebellion,
where he raised the siege and permitted Sir Henry
Havelock and Sir James Outram to welcome their
deliverers. Sir Colin Campbell was raised to the peerage
in 1858 as Baron Clyde, of Clydesdale. He received
the thanks of Parliament in 1859 for his services in India,
and in i860 he was appointed Colonel of the Coldstream
Guards. Without aristocratic influence, by sheer merit.
Lord Clyde raised himself from a low position in the
army to a high one. He died unmarried and his title
became extinct

EYRE TOWNSHIP (1872)

I asked her to wed. She replied with a stare :
" Just spell me the name of Sir Waldegrave Eyre.''
— London Tid-Bits.
This township was also named in honor of a dis
tinguished soldier. Brigadier General Sir William Eyre,
born 1805, died 1859, entered the sixth regiment of
infantry in 1823 as an ensign and was promoted through
all the steps, until in 1854 he received his command of a
brigade in the army of the east. During the Caffre war,
under Sir Harry Smith and General Cathcart, he served
with such gallantry as to win the distinction of a C. B.
The following is from Kinglake : " Nearly 2,000 men of
General Sir Richard England's division were placed under
the command of Major General Eyre. As the i8th moved
up. General Eyre thus addressed them : ' Royal Irish, I
rely on you, and expect that you will this day do deeds
which will make every cabin in Ireland ring with pride
and joy.' Of General Eyre's force 650 men were slain or

412 NOTHING BUT NAMES
wounded — more than one-third of the whole. The braver}-
of the I Sth Royal Irish and of the whole of E}-re's brigade
was the subject of warm encomium throughout the whole
arm}-. Lord Raglan is said to have found fault with
General E}-re for losing so many men, but the latter
replied that he had done what he was ordered, and that he
had taken the cemetery.'' Sir William E}-re was the
second son of \'ice- Admiral Sir George E}-re,and his mother
was a daughter of Sir George Cooke, of Wheatle}'. He
was aide-de-camp to the Lieutenant-Governor of Upper
Canada before he went to the Cape of Good Hope with
his regiment For his services in the Crimea, referred to
b}' Kinglake, he was knighted in 1S35 and made a
commander of the Legion of Honor. In June, 1856, he
was selected b}- the commander-in-chief to command the
troops in Canada, and during Sir Edmund Head's absence.
Sir William E}-re administered the government of Canada
from June 21st to November 2nd, 1857. Ill health com
pelled him to resign his command, and he died shortly
after his return to England. Sir William married in 1S41
Miss Bridgeman Simpson, daughter of Hon. John Bridge-
man Simpson, by whom he left no issue.
Colonel Sir Vincent Eyre, C.B., of the Bengal Artillery,
was bom in 18 10 and served in Afghanistan 1 84 1-42. He
was wounded at Cabul. He was a skilful practical
engineer as well as an able officer. In 1856 he published
a pamphlet on " ^letallic Boats and Floating Wagons."
He distinguished himself during the Indian ^lutin}-, and
subsequentl}- became a Fellow of the Royal Geographical
Societ}- and a member of other learned bodies. He died
in iSSi.

HALIBURTON DISTRICT 413

H.WELOCK TOWNSHIP (1872)

Outram and Havelock breaking their way through the fell mutineers —
Surely the pibroch of Europe is ringing again in our ears. — Tennyson.
This township was called after Sir Henry Havelock,
born at Durham, 1795, died near Lucknow, India, 1857.
He distinguished himself in the Burmese war of 1824, in
Afghanistan, in the Mahratta campaign and against the
Sikhs. In April, 1857, he was wrecked off the coast of
Ceylon, but reached Calcutta while the Sepoy mutiny was
at its height. He defeated the Nana at Cawnpore and
pushed on to relieve Lucknow, where Inglis was closely
beset. Havelock was in turn besieged until relieved by
Sir Colin Campbell. The baronetcy was conferred upon
Havelock the day after his death, and the title and pension
were inherited by his son, Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, born
at Chinsurah, India, August 6, 1830, killed by the
insurgent Afridis near the Khyber Pass, Jan. 6, 1898. He
obtained a commission as ensign in 1846 and went with
his father to the relief of Lucknow and Cawnpore, winning
the Victoria Cross at the latter place. ^Nlost of his life
was spent in active service in India, though he took part
in the ]\Iaori war in 1863 and was elected to Parliament in
1874. His honorary rank of Lieutenant-General was
given to him in the Jubilee Year of 1897, when he was
created K.C.B.

414 NOTHING BUT NAMES

SHERBORNE TOWNSHIP (1862)

A neighbor and a loving friend, but in no sense a rival.
As Sherborne is to Castleton, across the river Ivel. — Brovtm.
This township was named after the town of Sherborne
in Dorsetshire, England, where Thomas Ridout was born.
It is near the border of the White Heart Forest, and
Kings Ethelbald and Ethelbert are interred there. Sher
borne Castle, the beautiful seat of Earl Digby, was built
in part by Sir Walter Raleigh, who also planted a grove
there. One writer refers to Sherborne Castle and church,
in Dorsetshire, as dating from 1 107. There is another
Sherborne House and Lodge, by Inigo Jones, two miles
east of Northlech in Gloucestershire, which is the seat of
Baron Sherborne, whose family name is Dutton. When
Thomas G. Ridout, of Toronto, visited Sherborne in 1812,
he wrote to his brother that he had found his grandfather's
house in ruins. He went to Sherborne Church on Sunday
and admired the grandeur of the Gothic pile which had
stood unmoved in war and peace through the storms and
tempests of 700 years. " After church, James Ridout
showed me grandfather's seat, the place beyond Lord
Digby's. Here in this church, for generations, had the
family been christened and buried. In the parish books.
1630, I saw the name of John Ridout in the vestry." A
street in Toronto was also named Sherborne by Mr.
Ridout.

HALIBURTON DISTRICT 415

NIGHTINGALE TOWNSHIP (1878)

.Among the world's great women thou hast made thy glorious mark ;
Men will hereafter mention make of thee with Joan of Arc ;
And fathers, who relate the Maid of Saragossa's tale.
Will tell their little children, too, of Florence Nightingale. — Punch.
This township was named in honor of Miss Florence
Nightingale who won world-wide fame by her philan
thropic efforts to alleviate the sufferings of the sick and
wounded soldiers in the Crimean War. She was born at
Florence, in 1820, of wealthy parents. At the request
of Lord Herbert, Secretary of War, Miss Nightingale
organized the hospital nurses, and " earned the blessings
of the comforted as well as the gratitude of her country."
A testimonial fund of ^^50,000 was, at her request,
devoted to the formation and maintenance of an
institution for the training and employment of nurses.
Miss Nightingale's father was William Edward Shore,
who inherited the estates of his grand-uncle, Peter
Nightingale, and in pursuance of his will assumed the
name of Nightingale by royal sign manual in 181 5.

4i6 NOTHING BUT NAMES

LAWRENCE TOWNSHIP (1877)

Here Lawrence rests in death ; while living flame
From Thames to Ganges wafts his honour'd name.
— Hannah .More.
Voice of the dead whom we loved, our Lawrence the best
of the brave.
Cold were his brows when we kissed him — we laid him that
night in his grave. — Tennyson.
Lawrence township was named after Sir John Laird
Mair (Lord) Lawrence, one of the four sons of Colonel
Alexander Lawrence, of Ireland, who led a storming
party at Seringapatam in 1799. Sir Henry Montgomery
Lawrence, born in Ce}-lon, 1806, died in Lucknow, India,
1857, joined the Bengal Artillery in 1822, served in the
Afghan campaign 1843, and took office as Chief
Commissioner of Oude and arrived at Lucknow just
before the outbreak of the Sepoy mutiny in 1857. He
had been nominated to succeed Canning as Governor-
General of India, but he was mortally wounded by a
shell on Jul}- 2nd, and died two days later. His brother.
Sir John Laird Mair Lawrence, born 18 11, died 1879,
went to India in 1829, and was of such service at the time
of the Mutiny that Parliament and the public called him
" the saviour of India." On his return to England he
received a title and a pension. He was Governor-General
of India 1863-68, succeeding Lord Elgin, and was the first
Chairman of the London School Board. Another brother,
Sir George Lawrence, born 1805, belonged to the Bengal
cavalry. He was taken prisoner at Cabul in 1842, and

HALIBURTON DISTRICT 417
at Peshawur in 1848. He succeeded his brother Henry
as political agent at Rajputana in 1857. Sir George
wrote a book on the Mutiny.

LIVINGSTONE TOWNSHIP (1877)

Says Gray to Du Chaillu,
" I don't want to rile you.
But you set up preposterous claims."
Says Du Chaillu to Gray,
" I don't care what you say.
For — you called Dr. Livingstone names." — Punch.
This township was named in honor of Rev. David
Livingstone, the celebrated traveller, explorer and
missionary, born at Blantyre, near Glasgow, Scotland,
in 181 5. As a boy he worked in the cotton mills. He
was ordained to the pastoral office in 1840, and
immediately left England for South Africa, where he
spent nearly the whole of his life, instructing and assisting
the natives and adding to the world's stock of geographi
cal knowledge. Henry M. Stanley was sent by the New
York Herald to find Livingstone, but the great explorer
died before his whereabouts were ascertained. His death
occurred at Chitambos village, Ilala, May 4, 1873. His
body was removed to England and buried in Westminster
Abbey. Livingstone was a cool, sensible man of business,
animated by the highest Christian spirit and a noble
desire to put down slavery. One of his brothers settled in
Ontario and survived the distinguished traveller several
years.

4i8 NOTHING BUT NAMES

McCLINTOCK TOWNSHIP (1876)

He could not bring poor Franklin back
From his grave in the Arctic sea.
But McClintock kept upon his track
Till he solved the mystery.
This township was named after Sir Francis Leopold
McClintock, born at Dundalk, Ireland, in 1819. He
entered the navy in 1831, and took part in voyages of
Arctic discovery in 1848-50-52. In 1854 he was made a
post-captain. As commander of the Fox, fitted out by
Lady Franklin, Captain McClintock in 1857 discovered
the fate of Sir John Franklin and his crews, and on his
return to England in 1859 he was knighted and had the
freedom of London conferred upon him. In i860 he
published " The Voyage of the Fox in the Arctic Seas."
Captain McClintock was made rear admiral in 1871, vice
admiral in 1877, commander-in-chief of the North America
and West India stations, 1879-82, and full admiral in 1884.

MUSKOKA DISTRICT 419

MUSKOKA DISTRICT (1868)

On the Muskoday, the meadow,
In the moonlight and the starlight,
Fair Nokomis bore a daughter,
And she called her name Wenonah.

-Hiawatha.

The name Muskoka, which is applied to a district, a
township, a lake, a river and a bay in Ontario, as well as
to an island (Muskoka or Fox Island) in Lake Simcoe, is
probably a corruption of Misquuckkey, an Indian chief
whose name appears on two treaties for the surrender of
land, bearing the date of the 17th and l8th of November,
18 1 5. These documents were signed by Elisha Beman,
Henry Procter and three others on behalf of the Province,
by J. Givins on behalf of the Crown, and by Kina}'-
bicoinini, Aisaince and Misquuckkey, " the Principal Chiefs
of the Chippawaw Nation of Indians, on behalf of them
selves and their Nation." The consideration was ^^4,000
for 250,000 acres between Lake Simcoe and Lake Huron,
including the tract west of " a purchase said to have been
made in the year 1785." Though formally surrendered at
that early day, the district in question continued to be
Misquuckkey's hunting ground. Another spelling of the
name is Mesqua Ukee, a chief of the Rama Indians, who
fought on the British side in the war of 181 2, and whose
hunting grounds were on the lake and river now called
Muskoka. Mr. Aubrey White, of the Crown Lands
Department, knew that old chief, who was ordinarily called
Yellowhead, from Meskwa (red) and Ahkees (ground), and
Mr. White says the south branch of the Muskoka River

420 NOTHING BUT NAMES
was the hunting ground of ]\Ieskwakees, whom he
believes to be identical with Misquuckke}-, who signed the
treat}' in 1815. A Chippewa chief named Muskokomon
signed a treaty in 1834, surrendering certain lands in the
London District. In the .Archives of 1897 there is a
reference to a letter sent by Lord Bathurst to the chief of
the Muscogee tribe, in September, 1S15. Drake, in his
book on the American Indians, says the Iroquois and the
Chahta-Muskoki are the languages ne.xt in importance to
the Algonkin. Mr. T. M. Robinson sa}-s in the Canadian
Album : " In the early fifties the region on the north of
the Severn (Muskoka) was to the inhabitant of the neigh
boring County of Simcoe a wilderness of rocks and lakes
which would never be settled. ' There is no land,' the
enquirer was told, ' nothing but rocks and lakes.' The
Indians of Rama used this unknown country as a
hunting ground, and, by the masterl}- silence which the\-
understand so well, helped to maintain the m}ster}- that
enveloped it. In 1857 the Government was induced to
project a colonization road from Washago (the north limit
of the Lake Simcoe navigation) to the High Falls of the
Muskoka river ; this was done chiefl}- on the representa
tions of the late Angus Morrison, M.P., who, with a few
friends and Indian guides, had penetrated the Muskoka
Lakes b\- the canoe route by wa}- of the Severn River,
through Sparrow- Lake, thence via ^Morrison Lake to Leg
Lake, and to Muskoka Ba}', where Gravenhurst now
stands, b}' the long portage on the route of the present
Leg Lake road." The blue books of the Geological
Surve}- contain a report from Alexander Murra}' to \^'m.
E. Logan, describing the formers journey in 1853, from
the mouth to the source of the Muskoka River and thence
down the " Petewahweh " to the Ottawa. Lakes Muskoka
and '' Rousseau " bore those names at that date, but Mr.

MUSKOKA DISTRICT 421
Murray gave the names to Mary Lake, Fairy Lake, and
the Lake of Bays. Mr. Murray refers (page 68) to an
exploration of part of the same territory by Mr. William
Hawkins in 18.37. Muscogo Lake is on a map published
in 1836. The population of the Muskoka District
increased from 300 in 1861 to 30,000 in 1882. Mr. A. P.
Cockburn put the first steamboat, the " Wenonah," on
Muskoka Lake in 1866, and among the Hiawathan names
he has since given to his fleet is the " Kenozha." Rev.
Mr. Grant, of Orillia ("Knoxonian"), writes: "Did we
forget Muskoka ? Not by any means. In any fair
description of Canadian summer resorts Muskoka must be
the climax. In any eloquent speech on Canadian scenery
Lake Joseph must be the peroration. For lovely islands
give us Muskoka! For soft, balmy breezes commend us to
Muskoka! For fair women and hospitable men Muskoka
stands in the front rank. Spain has' reason to regret that
Columbus discovered America, but no white man regrets
that Cockburn discovered Muskoka."

RYDE TOWNSHIP (1861)

The good ship went down in Spithead, within plain sight of Ryde ;
Within sight, too, of Portsmouth, over on the Hamp.shire side.
— Wreck of the Royal George,
Ryde is called after the town of that name on the Isle
of Wight, five miles from Portsmouth. Ryde stands in
relation to Portsmouth much as Cowes does to Southamp
ton, and is very prettily situated. Nearly opposite to Ryde
is Spithead, one of the chief anchorages for the British
fleet, and a favorite locality for naval reviews. The town
is much frequented as a watering place.

422 NOTHING BUT NAMES

MORRISON TOWNSHIP (i860)

I marvel, Jeanie Morrison,
Gin I hae been to thee
As closely twined wi' earliest thochts,
As ye hae been to me ? — Wm. Motherwell.
Mr. Cockburn and others are of the opinion that
this township was named in honor of Angus Morrison,
who, as M.P. for North Simcoe from 1854 to 1863, was
chiefly instrumental in opening the Muskoka district for
settlement. He was a son of Mr. Hugh Morrison, a native
of Sutherlandshire, and was born in Edinburgh in 1822.
The family came to Canada in 1834. Angus Morrison
was called to the bar in 1846. He married a daughter of
Robert Gilmor, of Three Rivers. He was President of the
Dominion Express Company, of the Toronto Rowing
Club, and of Toronto St. Andrew's Society ; a director of
the Northern Railway, Mayor of Toronto 1876-7-8, and
after his defeat in North Simcoe he represented Niagara
in Parliament, describing himself in the Parliamentary
Companion as a Baldwin Reformer, but a faithful
supporter of Sir John Macdonald. His brother, Judge
Joseph Curran Morrison, was born in Ireland in 1816 and
educated at Upper Canada College, Toronto. In 1847 he
was elected to Parliament for West York as a Baldwin
Reformer. He filled the office of Solicitor-General and
Receiver-General, and was defeated in elections by Mr.
Mowat and by Mr. McDougall. As Hon. J. C. Morrison
was Solicitor-General when this township was surveyed
(i860), some insist that the name was meant for him, and
not for his brother Angus. At one time Mr. Morrison

MUSKOKA DISTRICT 423
held office in the Government for more than two years
without a seat in Parliament. The Guelph Mercury says
that Mr. Morrison was always popular with both parties,
and though he and his leader were " chaffed " about his
inability to find a seat, no one thought it necessary to
utter an indignant protest against an alleged violation of
the principle of responsible government. In 1862 he was
appointed Judge of the Common Pleas, in 1863 promoted
to the Queen's Bench, and in 1877 to the Court of Appeal.
Judge Morrison's daughter married Hon. A. S. Hardy, of
Brantford, for more than twenty years a member of the
Ontario Government, and Premier of Ontario since 1896.

OAKLEY TOWNSHIP (1861)

Old Oakley moulders 'neath the hand of age,
Grey worn her towers, and fall'n her battled heights ;
Still lives her fame, for on th' historic page
Are stamp'd the glories of her antient fights. —Old Song,
There are twelve villages in England named Oakley,
after any one of which this township may have been
named. The Scotch village of Oakley, six miles from
Dunfermline, possesses coal mines and iron works.
Oakley Hall, near the village of Oakley, but in the parish
of Dean, Hants, was the residence of the Wither family
for 200 years, and was rebuilt by Wither Bramstone, Esq.,
in 1790. One of the seats of Clive, Baron Windsor, is
Oakley Park, Bromfield, Salop. Rev. John Oakley, Dean
of Manchester, born 1834, died 1890, was the author of
" The Christian Aspect and Application of the Decalogue,"
and " The Conscience Clause, its History."

424 NOTHING BUT NAMES

DRAPER TOWNSHIP (1853)

Sir William Draper praised the Act of Grace
That was enacted by King Charles the Second,
And said if such an Act had found a place
Among the statutes of Charles First, he reckoned
The Civil War would not have rent the nation,
And there had been no need for restoration. — Essence of Junius Letters.
This township was named after Chief Justice William
Henry Draper, born in London, England, in 1801, died
1877. He ran away to sea when a boy, and arrived in
Canada in his twentieth year. After teaching school at
Port Hope, he studied law at Toronto. No lawyer of his
time in Canada excelled him in the subtle art of
persuasion and his silver-tongued eloquence procured for
him the soubriquet of "Sweet William." In 1836 he was
elected to Parliament for Toronto,* in 1837 he became
Solicitor-General, in 1840 Attorney- General. In politics
he was a Conservative of a very pronounced cast. On his
retirement from office in 1847 Mr. Draper delivered a
very affecting speech, complaining that his exertions in
the Conservative cause had been ill repaid, and declaring
in favor of responsible government He immediately
afterwards accepted a Judgeship in the Court of Queen's
Bench, succeeding Mr. Justice Hagerman, deceased. In
1856 he succeeded Sir James Macaulay as Chief Justice
of the Court of Common Pleas ; in 1863 he succeeded
Hon. Archibald McLean as Chief Justice of Upper
Canada, and in 1869 Mr. Draper became President of the
Court of Error and Appeal, a position which he retained
until his death in November, 1877. His judicial career of

MUSKOKA DISTRICT 425
thirty years " was marked by unflagging industry and by
the higher attributes of great learning and stainless
honor."

MUSKOKA TOWNSHIP (1857)

See Muskoka district.

WOOD TOWNSHIP (1870)

But this idol Wood may do us great evil.
Their gods were of wood, but our Wood is the devil. — Swift,
This township was named after Hon. Edmund Burke
Wood, son of Samuel Wood, of Halton county, who came
to Canada from the United States during the war of 181 2.
He was born at Chippewa, Upper Canada, in 1817, and
educated at Oberlin College, Ohio, where he graduated in
1848. Mr. Wood married in 1855 Augusta, daughter of
Dr. Peter Marter, of Brantford. He was the first Clerk of
the County Court and Clerk of the Crown in the separate
county of Brant, 1853. He sat in the Canadian Assembly
as member for South Brant 1863-67, was then elected to
the House of Commons and to the Ontario Legislature,
taking office under Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald as
Treasurer of Ontario. He assisted to settle the Municipal
Loan Fund question in 1872-73, was then elected to the
Commons for West Durham (Mr. Hardy succeeding him
as representative of South Brant in the Legislature), and
in 1874 Mr. Wood was appointed Chief Justice of

426 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Manitoba, which office he filled until his death in 1882.
He was a very able man, both in law and in politics, and
his services were in great request at closely contested
elections. Mr. Wood had only one arm. On account of
his powerful voice, he got the nickname of Big Thunder.

BAXTER TOWNSHIP (1878)

While the Lord's servant chastens whom he loves.
And Simeon kicks, where Baxter only shoves.
— Hints from Horace.
This township was named in honor of Hoh. Jacob
Baxter, M.D., whose grandfather, John Baxter, came from
Ireland and settled in Bertie township toward the close of
the last century. Dr. Baxter was born in Bertie in 1832.
He was elected to the Ontario Legislature in 1867 for
Haldimand as a Liberal and sat continuously for that
county till 1898, when he was appointed Registrar of
Deeds in Haldimand. From 1887 to 1891, Dr. Baxter
was Speaker of the House.

RIDOUT TOWNSHIP (1862)

This township was named in honor of a distinguished
Toronto family, of whom Thomas Ridout, born at
Sherbourne, Dorsetshire, in 1754, came to Maryland in
1774, was taken prisoner by the Shawanese Indians of the
Ohio, in 1787, and brought to Detroit, then an English
garrison, where he was liberated. He became Surveyor-
General of Upper Canada, Registrar of York County,

MUSKOKA DISTRICT 427
Clerk of the Peace for the Home District and a Legislative
Councillor. Dr. Scadding describes Thomas Ridout as
'' a perfect picture of a cheerful, benevolent-minded
Englishman." His son, Thomas Gibbs Ridout, born at
Sorel, 1792, served in the war of 181 2 and became cashier
of the Bank of Upper Canada. He died in 1861, leaving
a widow and twelve children, of whom Lady Edgar, wife
of the Speaker of the House of Commons (1896), and
authoress of " Ten years of Upper Canada in Peace and
War," is one. The Ridout family is connected by marriage
with the Boultons, the Baldwins and the Sullivans. In
1817, John Ridout was killed in a duel by Samuel Peters
Jarvis, Henry John Boulton acting as second for Jarvis.
In 1836, George Ridout, for criticizing the conduct of Sir
Francis Bond Head, was dismissed from his office as Judge
of the Niagara District Court. He appealed to Lord
Glenelg, who ordered Mr. Ridout's reinstatement, which
order Sir Francis refused to obey.

McLEAN TOWNSHIP (1862)

When Noah turn'd seaman, most people agree, man,
Maclean of that day had " a boat o' his ain ; "
A clansman less famous, though every inch game, is
Our own gallant Chieftain — the other Maclean. — Evan MacColl,
This township was named in honor of Archibald
McLean, born at St. Andrew's 1791, died 1865, one of the
Judges who administered the oath of office to Governor
Bagot To his father, Neil McLean, born at Mingai}-,
Island of Mull, in 1759, was granted lot No. i, at the
mouth of the Cataraqui River, Kingston, "by order of
General Haldimand." Neil McLean was in command of

428 NOTHING BUT NAMES
the Stormont Militia at the battle of Chrysler's Farm.
Allan McLean was the first lawyer in Kingston, having
been so created by an Order in Council. He is described
as a man of moderate abilities, and his original education
was defective. But he was a man of considerable taste,
modest and dignified in his deportment He was a
faithful representative in Parliament for many years, and
was liberal in his political opinions. Archibald McLean,
was one of the pupils at Dr. Strachan's school established in
Kingston in the year 1800. Chief Justice Robinson, Chief
Justice Macaulay and Bishop Bethune attended the same
school. Before his appointment to the Bench in 1837, Archi
bald McLean was Registrar of the Eastern District and Clerk
of the Peace. In the famous Anderson Slave Case in i860
when Sir John Beverley Robinson and Mr. Justice Burns
decided that Anderson must be surrendered to his master,
Mr. Justice McLean dissented, holding that the prisoner
was entitled to his discharge, upon the ground that slavery
was not recognized by the law of Canada ; that a slave
who had escaped from bondage was entitled to defend
himself, even to the death, against recapture, and that the
case under consideration did not come within the pro
visions of the extradition treaty. Chief Justice Draper
succeeded Judge McLean in 1863.

MACAULAY TOWNSHIP (1857)
The stream was rushing thick and fast.
The wind was blowing rawly,
\\-hen o'er the stream Horatius passed
Just to oblige Macaulaj-. — Punch,
This township was named after Chief Justice Sir
James Buchanan Macaulay, born at Niagara in 1793, died

MUSKOKA DISTRICT 429
1859. He was a son of Dr. James Macaulay, of the 33rd
Foot, afterward Deputy-Inspector-General of Hospitals,
whose other sons were John Simcoe Macaulay, George
Macaulay, a barrister at Bath, and Rev. Allan Macaulay.
He married a daughter of Dr. Gamble, of the Queen's
Rangers, who died at Kingston in 18 11, his widow surviv
ing until 1859. Judge Macaulay fought with the Glengarry
Fencibles in the war of 181 2, escaping without a wound.
He was called to the bar in 1822, was an Executive
Councillor under Sir P. Maitland, and in 1829 was made a
Judge of the Queen's Bench. In 1849 he was transferred
to the Common Pleas, and in 1856 he retired from the
Bench on account of his defective hearing. Judge
Macaulay was a brother-in-law of Judge Hagerman. " As
a laborious and painstaking judge none excelled him."
Two Macaulays, Robert and John, drew land in Kingston
township. Hon. John Macaulay, postmaster of Kingston,
181 3-1836, "was one of those who passed through life
without exposing themselves to the obloquy of their
political opponents." He was "extremely temperate in
his habits " and in his business transactions he was
" scrupulously exact." The father of Hon. John and Rev,
William Macaulay settled in Kingston in 1785, and died
in 1800. His sons were in time called to occupy honorable
and responsible situations under Government, such as
Legislative Councillor, Surveyor-General, Provincial Secre
tary, and Chaplain to the Legislative Assembly.

MONCK TOWNSHIP (1864)

This township was named after Charles Stanley, fourth
Viscount Monck, born at Templemore, Tipperary, Ireland,

430 NOTHING BUT NAMES
1889, died 1894. He was descended from the old Norman
family of Le Moyne (see Longueuil township). He entered
Parlianient as Liberal member for Portsmouth in 1852,
and was a lord of the treasury under Palmerston in
1855-57. In 1 861 he was appointed Governor-General of
Canada, which position he held till November, 1868, his
term including the .period in which the Confederation of
the Canadian Provinces was effected. Lord Monck was
" courteous to Reformers and Conservatives alike, never
committed himself to the especial policy of either, but
always stood ready to promote the general interests of the
country at every favorable opportunity." He succeeded
to his Irish title of Viscount in 1849, and was made a peer
of the United Kingdom in 1866. In 1871 Lord Monck
was appointed a Commissioner of National Education in
Ireland.

MEDORA TOWNSHIP (1869)

Yet even Medora might forgive the kiss
That ask'd from form so fair no more than this.
— The Corsair.
Medora township was called after Mrs. Medora
Cameron, wife of Mr. A. Cameron, Barrister, Toronto.
She was a daughter of Norton Buell, of Brockville, and a
niece of Hon. Stephen Richards, Commissioner of Crown
Lands, 1867-71. The name is distinctly Byronic. "The
Corsair" was written between the i8th and 3tst of
December, 181 3. In the original MS. the chief female
character was called Francesca, but while the work was at
press Byron changed the name to Medora, which was the
name of the fourth daughter of Mrs. Augusta Leigh, who
was half-sister of Lord Byron and a daughter of the

MUSKOKA DISTRICT 431
Marchioness of Carmarthen (see Leeds county) who
eloped with Byron's father. Medora Leigh, having been
disowned by her relatives for misconduct (see American
Cyclopaedia), fell into great distress, and was befriended
by Lady Byron, n6e Anne Isabella Milbanke, her half-
aunt by marriage. The name Medora has been given to
villages in Indiana, Iowa, Illinois and Missouri.

GIBSON TOWNSHIP (1880)

No, no, you would not be rash,
Nor I rasher and something over ;
You've to settle yet Gibson's hash.
And Grisi yet lives in clover. — Robert Browning,
This township was named in honor of Thomas
Gibson, M.P.P., who represented one of the ridings of
Huron county in the Ontario Legislature from 1867 to
1898, when he declined re-nomination. He was a genial
Scotchman, of good ability, and well liked by his fellow
members. Mr. Gibson was born at Greenlaw, Berwick
shire, in 1825.

432 NOTHING BUT NAMES

FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP (1S65)

On, on to the weird ice-world, where, the winner's prize.
sits she ;
An untrod land about her feet, washed bv an unsailed sea ;
And what though Franklin s, Crozier s steps have left
their icy track,
AU pointing northwards, northwards — none ever leading
back?" —Punch.
This township is called after Admiral Sir John
Franklin, the Arctic explorer, bom at Spilsb}-. Lincoln
shire, 17S6. He entered the nav}- in iSoo and served at
the battle of Copenhagen in 1801. In 1S02 he went with
an expedition to explore the coasts of Australia, was
shipwrecked, carried to China, attacked by a French
squadron in the Strait of [Malacca and had various other
adventures. He was on the Bellerophon at the battle of
Trafalgar, ser\-ed on the United States coast during
the war of iS 12-15, 3^nd was wounded at the battle of
New Orleans. In iSiS he attempted to go to India via
Spitzbergen, and in 1S19 he was appointed to command
an expedition to travel overland from Hudson's Bav to
the Arctic Ocean. 'On that trip he passed through
Toronto and Barrie. '' From the shining sands of
Penetanguishene Sir John Franklin passed, April 23.
1S23, to join his part}- on his second journey to the Polar
Sea " In 1S23 he married Miss Eleanor Porden. who
died in 1S25, and in 1S2S he married Miss Jane Griffin,
born 1791, died 1S75. In 1S29 Franklin was knighted
and he was Governor of Tasmania or \'an Dieman's
Land 1S36-43. In 1S45 Sir John was appointed to the
command of the Erebus and Terror (see Ross township)

MUSKOKA DISTRICT 433
and sent to discover the Northwest Passage. He never
came back, and not until several expeditions had been
sent in search of him was his fate definitely ascertained.
(See McClintock and McClure townships). In a paper
read before the Ottawa Women's Canadian Historical
Society, Miss Kenny says that Sir John Franklin laid the
corner stone of the (Rideau) canal locks in August, 1827.

BRUNEL TOWNSHIP (1862)

Clever Mr. Brunnle,
His father made the Tunnel ;
But touching this here ship
The son has made a — Slip.
— .in " Uneducated Donkey," in Punch.
This township was named after Isambert Kingdom
Brunei, born at Portsmouth in 1806, son of Sir Mark
Isambert Brunei, a renowned civil engineer, who was born
-at Haqueville, near Rouen, 1769, died 1849. In 1793
the elder Brunei fled from France to New York, and
in 1794 he commenced the survey of the Champlain Canal.
Returning to Europe, he settled in England, where he
invented machinery and was the engineer of the Thames
Tunnel, opened in 1843. The younger Brunei was
engineer-in-chief of the Great Western Railway in Eng
land. He constructed the steamship Great Western,
which was the first that regularly traversed the Atlantic.
He also constructed some of the most important docks on
the English coast, as well as tubular bridges, and during
the war with Russia, I. K. Brunei established and
organized the Renkioi hospitals on the Dardanelles.
When the controversy between engineers on the

434 NOTHING BUT NAMES
respective merits of the broad and narrow gauges was
at its height, Mr. Brunei offered to drive one of his own
ordinar}' broad gauge locomotives with a common load, at
loo miles an hour, if an}- narrow gauge engineer would
accept the challenge. Lieut.-Col. Alfred Brunei, C.E.,
was born in 1818. He was employed on various public
works in Canada 1S44-50, was assistant engineer of the
Northern Railway 1852, and superintendent of that road
1 85 3-56. Mr. Brunei was an alderman of Toronto
1S57-62, and City Engineer of Toronto 1S59-60. He took
an active part in organizing the Tenth Ro}-als during the
Trent difficulty (1861) and the Fenian troubles (1866),
resigning his command in 1S71. He was appointed
Inspector of Customs, Excise and Canals in 1863, and
Commissioner of Inland Revenue in 1871.

STEPHENSON TOWNSHIP (1862)

Election chances seemed a vent
For thy desires — but Parliament
Is not so easy won.
Numbers were once to thee a treat,
But now by numbers thou werl beat.
And I\Ir. Stephenson. — Thomas Hood.
One strenuous babe, spite of croaking and snarling,
His Jubilee reaches, still crescent and stout,
XnA so they at Darlington drink to their darling.
Whom Stephenson dandled and Hackworth brought out.
— Punch.
This township was named in honor of Robert
Stephenson, born 1803, died 1859, the engineer who
designed the Victoria tubular bridge at Montreal. His

MUSKOKA DISTRICT 435
father, George Stephenson, born at Wylam, Northumber
land, 1 78 1, died at Tapton Park, near Chesterfield,
Derbyshire, 1848, was in his youth employed about
collieries, and at eighteen years of age he could not read.
In his leisure hours he studied mechanics and engineering,
and he devised a railway so constructed that the full cars
going down a declivity should pull up ' the empty cars.
In 1 8 14, George Stephenson constructed a locomotive
steam engine. In 1823 he was appointed engineer of the
Stockton and Darlington railway. He perfected the
locomotive and was for many years employed as a consult
ing engineer on new railways in Great Britain and the
Continent Robert Stephenson went to the University of
Edinburgh in 1823 and in 1824 accepted an engagement
as engineer in South America. He made a tour of the
United States and Canada in 1827 and returning to
England was employed with his father in the improvement
of locomotives. Among his later works are the high level
bridge over the Tyne at Newcastle, the viaduct over the
Tweed valley at Berwick, the tubular bridge across the
Menai strait (see Anglesey) and the Victoria bridge which
was opened in i860 and is now (1898) undergoing renewal
and enlargement From 1847 to his death Robert
Stephenson represented the Yorkshire borough of Whitby
in Parliament. In the summer of 1853 Mr. Robert
Stephenson visited Canada to personally examine the site
of the Victoria Bridge at Montreal, and, carefully reviewing
the opinions of those best acquainted with the locality, he
decided conjointly with Mr. Ross upon the structure as it
was originally built

436 NOTHING BUT NAMES

WATT TOWNSHIP (1865)

And Watt, the great magician, wrought.
And Shakespeare ranged the realms of thought,
And Newton soared, and Cromwell fought,
Britannia. — A. McLachlan.
This township is named after James Watt, born at
Greenock, Scotland, 1736, died at Heathfield, near
Birmingham, 18 19. When fourteen years old he con
structed an electrical machine and at eighteen he went to
Glasgow to learn to make mathematical instruments. In
1758 he began his experiments with steam as a propelling
power for land carriages, but did not patent a road engine
till 1784. The invention of the crank and fly wheel is
disputed between Watt and Pickard, but to Watt is due
the credit of inventing, the separate condenser, the double-
acting principle, parallel motion, the regulating action of
the governor and many other improvements. He retired
from the Soho firm in 1800, and afterward invented the
letter-copying press. His son James, born 1769, died 1848,
studied in Paris and took part in the revolutionary move
ments. He made material improvements in marine
engines. Another son, Gregory Watt, born 1777, died
1804, engaged in scientific researches and wrote "Obser
vations on Basalt."

MUSKOKA DISTRICT 437

FREEMAN TOWNSHIP (1881)

You, that of Freeman bear the glorious name,
Do you yourself a freeborn Briton think,
And yet admit, with soul devoid of shame,
A cause for which you'd " British Interests " sink? — Punch.
This township was named after John Bailey Freeman,
M.P.P. for North Norfolk, born in Windham township,
1835. His father was Superintendent of Schools in
Norfolk 1844-74, and his grandfather, who was a U.E.
Loyalist, was one of the first Methodist ministers in the
Long Point country. Mr. Freeman was elected to the
Legislature as a Liberal in 1879 and in 1883 was appointed
Government Whip. He took an active part in the
establishment of the Reform Club in Toronto, of which be
was a director. Mrs. Freeman was a daughter of Thomas
Scatcherd, of Wyton, Middlesex county. The southwest
part of this township was surveyed by D. Beatty in 1895.

SINCLAIR TOWNSHIP (1876)

For Huntly and Sinclair, they both played the tinkler,
With consciences black as a craw, man.
Some Angus and Fife men, they ran for their life, man.
And ne'er a Lot's wife there at a', man.
— The Battle of Sheriff-Muir,
This township was named after Donald Sinclair,
M.P.P. for North Bruce from 1867 to 1883, when he was
appointed Registrar of Deeds for Bruce county. He was
born on the Island of Islay, Scotland, in 1829, and came

438 NOTHING BUT NAMES
to Canada with his parents in 1851. After teaching school
in Peel County, Mr. Sinclair settled permanently in Bruce
in 1858, conducting business as a general merchant at
Paisley, until his removal to Wal kerton where the Registry
office is located.

CHAFFEY TOWNSHIP (1869)

On the wild and raging Rideau,
A coal barge from Toledo
Smashed Chaffey's lock
And Jones' dock.
Who pays for that ? Why, we do. — The Taxpayer,
This township was named after Mr. Benjamin Chaffey,
of Brockville, whose sister Susan was the wife of Hon.
Stephen Richards, Commissioner of Crown Lands 1867-71.
Benjamin Chaffey was born at Norton in England in
1806, and died at Brockville in 1867. He was a builder
and contractor. His father's name was also Benjamin
Chaffey, and four brothers and two sisters came to Canada
with him. His first public work was repairing one of the
forts at Kingston, and he subsequently helped to construct
the St. Lawrence canals, and built some of the piers for
the Victoria Bridge at Montreal, performing that difficult
task very satisfactorily. He started a ship-yard at
Brockville, built and owned steamboats, and was engaged
in the forwarding trade. Upon his tombstone is inscribed :
" In his life he has shown what a gifted and great intellect
can effect, when combined with industry and energy."
John Chaffey, a brother of Benjamin, is mentioned by
Leavitt as the owner of mills at Newboro' on the Rideau
Canal. George Chaffey, son of the late George Chaffey

MUSKOKA DISTRICT 439
and his wife Anne Leggo, (and nephew of Benjamin) was
born at Brockville and educated as a mechanical engineer.
As a youth he was engaged in ship-building and
commanded a propeller on the lakes. In 1881 George
and his brother, William Benjamin Chaffey, founded
colonies in California, one of which they named Ontario,
where they established new systems of irrigation. They
were invited to Australia to inaugurate similar works in
Victoria and South Australia. They founded the Chaffey
Agricultural College in Australia, modelled after the
Ontario Agricultural College at Guelph.

STISTED TOWNSHIP (1869)

This township was named after Major-General Henry
William Stisted who, as the senior military officer in the
Province, acted as Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario from
July I, 1867, until the appointment of Sir William Pearce
Howland to that office in July, 1868.

CARDWELL TOWNSHIP (1866)

Thus we made it all right with our worthy friend Bright,
and secured the Peace Party's alliance.
And though Cardwell and Pam detected the sham, we set
their Cabal at defiance. — Punch,
This township was named after Edward Viscount
Cardwell, of Ellerbeck, born in Liverpool, 1813, died 1886,
who was Secretary of State for the Colonies when the

440 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Canadian Confederation scheme was under consideration.
He was a son of John Cardwell, a wealthy merchant, and
a nephew of Rev. Edward Cardwell, D.D., an Oxford
professor. He entered Parliament in 1S42 as member for
Clitheroe and was a friend and supporter of Sir Robert
Peel, whose literary executor he became, but he was after
ward attached to the Liberal party. Mr. Cardwell was
Secretar}' of the Treasur}- 1845, President of the Board
of Trade 1852, Chief Secretar}- for Ireland 1859,
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1861, Secretar}-
for the Colonies 1864-66. In 1868 he was appointed a
member of the Council of Education and Secretar}' of
State for \\'ar.

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 441

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT (1870)

Safe is bold Parry, safe his hardy train.
From the dread perils of the icy main.
— William Rawlins, 1823,
Aurora borealis .spread its fringes
O'er the North Pole ; the same seen, when ice-bound,
By Captain Parry's crew, in Melville's Sound.
— The Vision of Judgment.
The name of this district is taken from the town and
harbor of Parry Sound on the east coast of Georgian Bay,
which was named after Parry Sound (also called Melville
Sound) in the north polar regions of America, between
latitude 72° and 75° and longitude 100° and 115°
west. The Arctic Parry Sound was called after Sir
William Edward Parry, born in Bath, 1790, died in Ems,
Gerrnany, 1855. He entered the navy in 1803, and in
1810 sailed to the polar seas, where he corrected the
admiralty charts. He served on the North American
station from the breaking out of the war of 181 2 till 1817,
and in 18 18 accompanied Capt. John Ross to Lancaster
Sound. In 18 19, in command of the Hecla, Capt. Parry
went over the same course, passed Barrow Strait and
Wellington Channel, and entered the water that has since
been called Parry Sound or Melville Sound, thus earning
a reward of .^5,000 offered by Parliament to the first ship
which should attain the I loth meridian. Captain Parry
made several other voyages in search of the Northwest
Passage, and published interesting reports of his adven
tures and discoveries. In 1829 he was knighted, along
with Sir John Franklin, and both received the degree of

44^ NOTHING BUT NAMES
D.C.L. from Oxford. He retired from active service in
1846, and filled various offices in connection with the
naval hospitals. The Indian name of the Canadian Parr}'
Sound was Wau-sak-ah-sing, which means " shining
light." Captain Bayfield, who made a survey of Lake
Huron and Georgian Bay, 1S22-25, gave the name of
Parry to the Sound, and the use of the term was
subsequently extended as above described. The first
owner of the land adjacent to the harbor was Hon. David
Gibson, of Willowdale, York county, who built the first
mill in 1857. He sold out to the Beatty Brothers, of
Thorold, in 1863, and the plot was surveyed into village
lots in 1869.

HUMPHRY TOWNSHIP (1866)

Small curs are not regarded, when they grin ;
But great men tremble, when the lion roars ;
And Humphrey is no little man in England. — King Henry VI.
None of the residents appear to know wh}- Humphr}-
township was given that name. One clerk in the Crown
Lands Department has a dim recollection that Sir Alex
ander Campbell once insisted that the name should be
spelled " phry " (without the e) and he thinks the name
was that of some friend of Sir Alexander, who was
Commissioner of Crown Lands 1864-67. Boswell, in his
Life of Johnson, describes Ozias Humphry (spelled with
out the e), born 1742, died iSiO, as "the eminent painter,
representative of the ancient family of Homfre}' (now
Humphry) in the West of England. This family once
enjoyed large possessions, but, like others, have lost them
in the progress of ages. Their blood, however, remains to

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 443
them well ascertained." Croker wrote that Humphry's
eminence as a painter was a good-natured error of
Boswell's.

CONGER TOWNSHIP (1880)

There Conger with his company.
With Calcutt and with Clarke,
And Warren with his rifle band
Whom every eye did mark. — Cobourg Star, 1838,
This township was named after Mr. P. D. Conger, born
in Prince Edward county about 1830, died in Toronto
in 1885. He was an intimate personal friend of Hon.
T. B. Pardee, Commissioner of Crown Lands when the
township was surveyed and named. Mr. Conger was in
business in Belleville for some time and removed to
Toronto in the early seventies. In partnership with his
brother-in-law, Mr. Sparling, he started a retail business in
coal and wood, which developed into the Conger Coal
Company. The firm of Conger and Sparling contracted
for railway supplies, ties, telegraph poles and coal. A few
years before his death Mr. Conger was severely injured at
the opening of the Credit Valley railroad. This injury
led to a lawsuit, and his death was no doubt hastened by
it. His end was sudden ; he fell dead while addressing a
Committee at the Toronto City Hall. His only son is
now on the American stage. The Conger family came
originally from Bristol, England, to the United States.
David Conger, a U.E. Loyalist, born in New York State
in 1769, drew land in Prince Edward county in 1797.
Peter D. Conger was assessor in HalloweU in 1798.
Dengine Conger held a commission in the Prince Edward

444 NOTHING BUT NAMES
militia for twenty-four years. " At West Lake, HalloweU,
on May 27, 1825, died Dengine Conger, in the 60th
year of his age. He resided in HalloweU forty years and
lived a very exemplary life." Stephen Conger gave the
ground and lumber for the old Methodist church near
Picton, erected in 1809. Sarah Conger, wife of Augustus
Spencer, ensign in Rogers' Battalion, lived to the age of
ninety-four years. Roger B. Conger and Wilson S.
Conger represented Prince Edward county in Parliament ;
the latter also represented Peterborough and became
sheriff of that county. John Owens Conger, son of David,
was a surveyor and served in the war of 18 12-14. His son
Stephen Marshall Conger, born in 1835, was for many
years editor of the Picton Gazette and filled many muni
cipal offices.

BETHUNE TOWNSHIP (1877)

Of noble race the Ladye came ;
Her father was a clerk of fame.
Of Bethune's line of Picardie ;
He learned the art, that none may name.
In Padua, far beyond the sea.
— Lay of the Last Minstrel.
This township took its name from James Bethune,
M.P.P. for Stormont 1872-79, born in Glengarry in 184O.
Mr. Bethune was descended from a family of U.E.
Loyalists that resided in Glengarry since 1787. He was
called to the bar in 1862, and for five years was County
Crown Attorney for Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry,
when he resigned that office and removed to Toronto to
become a member of the legal firm of Blake, Kerr and
Bethune. His widow was married to Sir W. P. Howland,

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 445
Aug. 15, 1895. The first Presbyterian minister in Upper
Canada was Rev. John Bethune, born in the Island of
Skye, 175 1, who came to Montreal in 1786 and removed
to Glengarry in 1787. He died in 1815, aged sixty-four
years. The late Bishop Bethune of Toronto and Dean
Bethune of Montreal were sons of Rev. John Bethune.
The Bishop (Alexander Neil Bethune) was born in Glen
garry in 1800. He was educated at Cornwall Grammar
School, ordained in 1824 by Bishop Mountain, appointed
to Grimsby, then to Cobourg, in 1867 Coadjutor Bishop,
with the right to succeed Bishop Strachan. Bishop
Bethune married a daughter of Hon. James Crooks. He
died in 1879. Dean Bethune (John) was born in 1791 and
died in 1872. He was Principal of McGill College in 1835.
The mother of these two clergymen was an Episcopalian,
and their father a Presbyterian.

PERRY TOWNSHIP (1873)

And then one Peter Perry rose.
And in a flaming speech
He vowed that he Sir Francis Head
The use of laws would teach. — Cobourg Starj 1838.
Sing, over the left, boys, and like a whale, very,
And "where are your witnesses ? " eh, Mr. Perry ?
" In Turkey ? we thought so ; " chaff, laugh and be merry.
And in judgment we'll sit with a heydownderry. — A Court'Martial for Me,
This township was named after George Perry, Sheriff
of Oxford county, born in Essex, England, 1818; died at
Woodstock, Ontario, January, 1891. He was educated at
a boys' academy in London, spent a short time in the

446 NOTHING BUT NAMES
London Stock Exchange, and at the age of sixteen came
to Canada to learn farming with Captain Adams, a retired
army officer who had taken up land in Blenheim township.
A few years later, in 1839, Mr. Perry married Miss Janet
Hall and took up a farm of 100 acres of unbroken woods
in the thirteenth concession of Blenheim, to which he
afterward added 1 50 acres adjacent. He served the town
ship as councillor and reeve, and for many years taught
school. Perry's school having the reputation of being the
best in the district In 1867 Mr. Perry was elected to the
Ontario Legislature for North Oxford, his opponent being
Dr. Daniel Clark, of Princeton, now Superintendent of the
Toronto Lunatic Asylum. In 187 1 he was re-elected by
acclamation. When Mr. (now Sir Oliver) Mowat required
a seat in 1872, Mr. Perry, with the consent of his friends
in the riding, resigned, and Air. Mowat was elected to the
seat which he continued to occupy for twenty-four years.
In 1873 Mr. Perry removed to Woodstock, having been
appointed to succeed the late Mr. Ross as Sheriff. He
was a man of very high character, and although he suffered
acutely from disease in his later years he continued to
discharge all his official duties. He died of paralysis,
leaving a widow, seven sons and one daughter, of whom
John Perry is Governor of the jail at Fort Frances; James
Andrew occupies the homestead in Blenheim ; George,
Thomas and William are at Deloraine, Manitoba; Stephen
Oliver is at St. Thomas ; Henry Martin is at Riverside,
California, and Miss Isabella Perry lives with her mother
in W'oodstock.

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 447

McMURRICH TOWNSHIP (1870)

This township was named after Hon. John McMurrich,
of Toronto, born in Renfrewshire in 1804, died 1883. He
came to Canada in 1835, and was a member of the whole
sale dry goods firm of Bryce, McMurrich & Co. and a
Reformer in politics. Mr. McMurrich married Janet
Dickson, of Lanarkshire. He was an alderman of
Toronto for several years, and an unsuccessful candidate
for the Legislative Council of Canada in 1856. He ran
again for the Saugeen Division (which included the counties
of Bruce and Grey and the North Riding of Simcoe) in
1862, and was elected, defeating Hon. James Patton, who
had been appointed Solicitor-General West, by 750
majority. Mr. McMurrich declined to run in 1864, and in
1867 he was elected to the Ontario Legislature for North
York. In 1871 Mr. Boultbee defeated him in that con
stituency. Mr. McMurrich was president or director of
several financial institutions and an elder in the Presby
terian Church. Rattray wrote : " No citizen of Toronto is
more highly respected than Mr. McMurrich, as well for the
energy and integrity which have always characterized him,
as for the frankness and benignity of his disposition."
His son, William Barclay McMurrich, has been Mayor of
Toronto.

448 NOTHING BUT NAMES

MONTEITH TOWNSHIP (1870)

When they came in by fair Montieth,
She asked a henchman carelesslye,
"Whose land is this ? — Has Athol here
A castle or a bastailye? " — Ballad of King Gregory.
This township was named after Andrew Monteith,
born in Ireland, who represented North Perth in the
Ontario Legislature 1867-74, when he resigned the seat
and was elected by the same constituency to the House of
Commons.

CHRISTIE TOWNSHIP (1869)

How much like Christie, with his hammer rais'd,
(Christie a public speaker, too, so praised).
Looking around him, simpering, smiling, bowing,
Then crying — " Gemmen, going, going, going." — Peter Pindar.
This township was named after Robert Christie,
Inspector of Asylums, who was born in the parish of
Holm, Orkney Islands, June 29, 1826. His father. Rev.
Thomas Christie, resigned his charge in Holm and came
to Canada as a missionary of the old Secession Church, in
company with the late Rev. Mr. Proudfoot, of London, and
Rev. Mr. Robertson, of Montreal. Rev. Mr. Christie
settled in West Flamborough, where he died in 1880.
Robert was brought to Canada in 1833 by his uncle
Robert Christie (the father of Senator David Christie) who
settled in Dumfries township. He was educated at the
public schools, and by his father — the latter principally, as
the schools were not very efficient in those days. When

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 449
he grew up, Robert Christie engaged in farming and
lumbering in Flamborough and Beverley and had an
interest in a general store in the village of Christie. He
was elected to the Legislature for North Wentworth in
1867, the late Dr. Thomas Miller being his opponent, and
in 1 87 1 he defeated Mr. Peter Wood. In 1875 he was
defeated by Mr. Thomas Stock, whereupon he retired from
politics. In 1 88 1 Mr. Christie removed to Wiarton and
bought property with the intention of extending his
lumbering business, but in 1882 he was offered and
accepted the position of inspector of public institutions.
When Dr. O'Reilly, the other inspector, died in 1890, the
inspection of asylums only was allotted to Mr. Christie,
and Dr. Chamberlain was appointed to look after the
hospitals, jails, etc. Mr. Christie married first in 1858
Jessie, daughter of George Corbet, of Owen Sound. They
had nine children, of whom five survive. He married in
1 89 1 Agnes Corbet, sister of his first wife. It may be
mentioned that the attention of Mr. Christie's father and
uncle was first attracted to Canada by the letters of their
brother-in-law. Captain Petrie, who came to Canada in the
naval service in 1812, and settled at Ottawa after the war,
representing Russell county in Parliament. Hon. David
Christie, cousin of Robert Christie, was born in Scotland
in 1 8 18. He sat in the Canadian Assembly for Went
worth 1851-54, and for East Brant, 1855-58, when he
resigned and was elected to the Legislative Council for the
Erie Division, which he represented until called to the
Senate in 1867. He was the first to use the term " Clear
Grit" as applied to the Radical Reformers since 1850.
David Christie was Speaker of the Senate at the time of
the Mackenzie Government, 1873-78. He was a promi
nent farmer near Paris and an officer of the Provincial
Agricultural Association.

450 NOTHING BUT NAMES

FOLEY TOWNSHIP (1866)

There's Foley at full length — no Jaques could doubt him —
Yet with none of the motley or zany about him.
— Westminster Collection, 18^4.
This township was named after Hon. Michael Hamil
ton Foley, born at Sligo, Ireland, in 1820, and brought to
Canada by his father in 1822. He was a journalist in
Simcoe and Brantford before his election to Parliament,
and was a very vigorous, not to say violent, speaker.
After his election to the Canadian Assembly for Waterloo,
Mr. Foley filled the office of Postmaster-General under
George Brown, John Sandfield Macdonald and Sir John
Macdonald. He was defeated in North Waterloo by Mr.
Isaac Bowman in 1864. In the Coalition Government
that was formed to carry out Confederation, Mr. Mowat
took Mr. Foley's place as Postmaster-General.

COWPER ISLAND (1880)

What, must deserted Poesy still weep
Where her la.st hopes with pious Cowper sleep ? — Byron.
This little island, for some time a separate township,
was named after the late Mr. George B. Cowper, Chief
Clerk of the Woods and Forests branch of the Crown
Lands Department of Ontario, who was appointed to
office in 1857. He was of Scotch descent.

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 451

PARRY ISLAND TOWNSHIP (1822)

See Parry Sound district.

PROUDFOOT TOWNSHIP (1877)

This township took its name from Hon. William
Proudfoot, Judge of the Chancery Division of the High
Court of Ontario, who was born near Errol, in Perthshire,
Scotland, in 1823. He was the son of Rev. William
Proudfoot, a Presbyterian minister, who came to London,
Canada, in 1832, and died there in 1851. Judge Proudfoot
was educated by his father. He studied law with Blake &.
Morrison, Toronto, the members of the firm being William
Hume Blake, afterward Chancellor of Upper Canada, and
Joseph Curran Morrison, afterward Judge of the Court of
Appeals. Mr. Proudfoot practised his profession in
Hamilton in partnership with Messrs. Freeman and
Craigie till 1862, and alone until called to the Bench in
1874. " His judgments are models of lucid expression and
technical accuracy." Judge Proudfoot's brother, Rev. John
J. A. Proudfoot, D.D., succeeded his father as pastor of the
Church in London, and was for many years a lecturer in
Knox College.

ARMOUR TOWNSHIP (1875)

This name is taken from Hon. John Douglas Armour,
Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, born at Otonabee,

452 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Peterborough county, in 1830. He was the youngest son
of Rev. Samuel Armour, Rector of Cavan. Mr. Armour
studied law with Hon. P. M. VanKoughnet, afterward
Chancellor of Upper Canada. He practised in Cobourg
with Hon. Sydney Smith for a partner, and was County
Crown Attorney for Durham and Northumberland. He
was appointed a Judge in 1877, and is noted for the speedy
and business-like way in which he compels the lawyers to
proceed with their cases and dispose of their witnesses.
" By heredity and tradition he is a Conservative, both in
religion and politics, but, nevertheless, he is a Liberal in
thought and education, and a firm believer in the great
future the land of his birth has before her."

RYERSON TOWNSHIP (1870)

Faithful in all things, fit to serve or rule,
Ryerson, father of the Common School !
No voice more eloquent, God's word to preach.
No heart more gentle, little ones to teach.
This township was named after Rev. Egerton Ryerson,
D.D., LL.D., born at Charlotteville, Norfolk county,
Ontario, 1803 ; died at Toronto, Feb. 19, 1882. His
father. Col. Joseph Ryerson, or Ryerse, as the name was
sometimes spelled, was born in New Jersey, served on the
British side in the Revolutionary War, being promoted to
a Lieutenancy by Sir Guy Carleton ; went to New Bruns
wick at the conclusion of the war, and thence to Canada.
He and three of his sons served in the war of 1812. Col.
Ryerson died in 1854, aged ninety-four. Egerton Ryerson
received his classical education from Mr. Law in Hamilton.
In 1825 he was ordained a deacon in the Methodist

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 453
Episcopal Church by Bishop Hedding. In 1826 he pub
lished a criticism on Bishop Strachan's sermon on the death
of Bishop Mountain, which established his reputation as a
controversialist He was editor of the Christian Guardian
in 1829; president of Victoria College 1841, and Chief
Superintendent of Education for Upper Canada 1844 to
1876, retiring on full salary after thirty-two years' service
and recommending the appointment, in his place, of a
Minister of Education with a seat in the Legislature.
" Borrowing the machinery from the State of New York,
and the mode of support from Massachusetts, taking the
Irish national school-books for instruction, and making use
of the Normal School system of Germany, Dr. Ryerson
has, by the addition of what was necessary, built up a
system of Common School education in the Province of
Ontario that cannot be surpassed, if equalled, in the whole
world." — Dr. Canniff. Five of the Ryerson brothers —
George, William, John, Edwy and Egerton — were Method
ist preachers.

SPENCE TOWNSHIP (1871)

Then up and spake an eldern knight.
Sat at the King's right knee :
" Sir Patrick Spence is the best sailor
That sails upon the sea." — Scottish Ballad.
This township was named after Hon. Robert Spence,
who enjoyed the distinction of being a Cabinet Minister
before he had been a week in Parliament He was an
Irishman by birth, came to Canada as a boy and was by
turns an auctioneer, a schoolmaster and a newspaper
editor in Dundas. He was elected as a Reformer in

454 NOTHING BUT NAMES
North Wentworth (1854), and accepted the office of
Postmaster-General in the McNab-Morin Government, on
the recommendation of Mr. Hincks. The Hamilton
Spectator had been vigorously opposing Mr. Spence, and
when the Coalition was formed Sir John Macdonald
telegraphed the editor, Mr. Robert Smiley, asking him to
ease up on Mr. Spence, who would be his colleague in a
day or two. Mr. Smiley's reply, " It's a d  d sharp
curve, but I'll take it," has become historical. However,
the electors of North Wentworth were not so complaisant,
for when Mr. Spence came back to them for re-election, he
was defeated at the polls. He withdrew from public life
in 1858, accepting the office of Collector of Customs at
Toronto.

McKELLAR TOWNSHIP (1869)

Dispense with all formalities.
Cut short that useless rowing ;
McKellar wants the session closed
In time for the fall ploughing. — Newspaper.
This township was called after Hon. Archibald
McKellar, born in Argyllshire, Scotland, in 18 16, died
at Hamilton in 1894. He sat for Kent county in the
Canadian Assembly 1857-67, and for Bothwell in the
Ontario Legislature 1867-75. He held office in the
Liberal Government under Mr. Blake and Mr. Mowat
1871-75, as Commissioner of Public Works, Provincial
Secretary, and Commissioner of Agriculture. In 1875
Mr. McKellar was appointed Sheriff of Wentworth county,
which office he occupied till his death. He was a very
effective political speaker, especially before an audience of

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 455
farmers. Mr. McKellar married Miss Lucy McNabb in
1836. She died in 1857. His second wife was Mrs.
]\Iercer, of Guelph, who survived him. Mr. McKellar's
mother was a McNab, and his parents removed to Canada
when he was one year old. He was reared in what is
now the county of Elgin, but after his first marriage set
up for himself as a farmer on the bank of the Thames, in
Kent county. In 1842, he was elected to the Council of
the united counties of Kent, Lambton and Essex, and
for several years he served as Reeve of Raleigh township.
His son, Peter McKellar, is Registrar of Kent.

McDOUGALL TOWNSHIP (1866)

For the night was as day at McDoug.all's log shanty,
The blaze on the hearth shed its halo around ;
While the feet that tripped lightly the reel " Tullagorum "
Pattered each measure with " ooch " and with bound ;
No "Lancers" or "Jerseys" were danced at McDougall's,
Nor the latest waltz-step found a place on the floor.
But reels and strathspeys and the liveliest of hornpipes
Shook the room to its centre from fireplace to door,
In the little log home of McDougall's. — Thomas O'Hagan.
This township was named after Hon. William
McDougall, C.B., one of the Fathers of Confederation,
born in Toronto in 1822. He founded the Canada
Farmer newspaper in 1848, and the North American, a
Reform paper, in 1850. Mr. McDougall represented
North Oxford in the Canadian Assembly 1858-63. He
was Commissioner of Crown Lands 1862-64 ! Provincial
Secretary 1864-66; Minister of Public Works for the
Dominion 1867-69, when he was appointed Lieutenant-
Governor of Rupert's Land and the Northwest Territories,

456 NOTHING BUT NAMES
in recognition of his services in securing the annexation of
the Hudson's Bay Company's territory to the Dominion.
The inhabitants of what is now the Province of Manitoba
refused to receive Mr. McDougall, as the title to their
lands had not been guaranteed, and he was obliged to
return to Ontario, much embittered against the Govern
ment for having placed him in such a false position. He
sat in the Ontario Legislature for South Simcoe 1875-78,
and in the House of Commons for Halton 1878-82. Mr.
McDougall was a very able speaker and writer. He called
himself a Conservative Liberal.

FERGUSON TOWNSHIP (1869)

O for a spunk o' Allan's glee.
Or Fergusson's, the bauld and slee.
Or bright Lapraik's, my friend to be.
If I can hit it. — Burns.
This township was called after Major Thomas Roberts
Ferguson, M.P., born at Drumcor, Cavan county, Ireland,
in 1 818. He came to Canada in 1842 and married in
1856 Frances Jane, daughter of Ogle R. Gowan, who
formerly represented Leeds and Gren\-ille in Parliament
and was a prominent Orangeman. Mr. Ferguson was a
director of the Northern Railwa}' and Warden of Simcoe
county. He sat in Parliament for South Simcoe 1857-67,
as a Conservative. In 1861 he moved an amendment to
the Address setting forth that unwise counsel had been
tendered to the Prince of Wales during his visit to
Canada, by which the rights of the Free Masons had been
ignored and the Orangemen had been insulted. The
Government disclaimed responsibility for the policy of the

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 457
Duke of Newcastle, who had charge of the Prince during
his visit. At Confederation Mr. Ferguson was elected in
South Simcoe for the Ontario Legislature and in Cardwell
for the House of Commons.

CARLING TOWNSHIP (1873)

The next day I held on my journey still.
Six miles unto a place called Carling Hill. —John Taylor.
Spring, spring, gentle spring,
If you don't come soon, I'll tell Carling. — Archie Bremner.
This township is called after Hon. Sir John Carling,
born in London township in 1828. His father's name was
Thomas Carling. He is president of the firm of Carling &
Co., brewers. Mr. Carling was a member of London City
Council 1854-58, and was for some years a Canadian
director of the Great Western Railway. He represented
London in the Canadian Assembly 1857-67, holding
office as Receiver-General in 1862. At Confederation he
was elected to the Ontario Legislature as well as the
House of Commons. He was Commissioner of Agricul
ture and Public Works in the Sandfield Macdonald
Government of Ontario 1867-71; was Postmaster-General
of the Dominion 1882-85, ^nd Minister of Agriculture
1885-92. Mr. Carling was appointed a Senator in 1891,
but he resigned in 1892 and sat in the House of Commons
1892-96, when he was again called to the Senate. He was
created K.C.M.G. in 1893. Mr. Carling has always been
very popular, and a tower of strength to the Conservative
party in Western Ontario.

458 NOTHING BUT NAMES

JOLY TOWNSHIP (1878)

A knight sans peur et sans reproche,
Gallant Sir Henri Joly,
In private or in public life,
Has never stooped to folly.
This township was named after Hon. Sir Henri Gustave
Joly de Lotbiniere, who was born in France in 1829, and
was educated in Paris. His father, G. P. G. Joly, was
Seigneur of Lotbiniere, and his maternal grandfather,
Hon. M. E. G. A. Chartiere de Lotbiniere, was Speaker of
the Quebec Assembly 1794-97. M. Joly was called to
the bar in 1855 ; sat in the Canadian Assembly for
Lotbiniere, 1861-67; in both the Provincial Legislature
and the House of Commons 1867-74, ^"d in the Quebec
Legislature 1874-85. He was Premier of Quebec 1878-79,
and leader of the Opposition till 1883. In 1896 he was
elected to the House of Commons and took office as
Minister of Inland Revenue. M. Joly is a Protestant and
a Liberal. He has for many years taken a special interest
in forestry and has both spoken and written on tree culture
and reforestation. He was created a K.C.M.G. in 1895.

STRONG TOWNSHIP (1877)

Out of the eater came forth meat ; and out of the strong came
forth sweetness. — Samson.
This township is named after Right Hon. Sir Samuel
Henry Strong, Chief Justice of Canada, born in Dorset
shire, England, in 1825. He came to Canada in 1836 and

P.IRRY SO UND DISTRR T 459
was called to the bar in 1849. He practised in Toronto in
partnership with J. D. lulgar now (1S9S) Speaker of the
House of Commons. Mr. Strong was appointed to the
Bench in 1860, and promoted to the Supreme Court in
1875. In 1S02 he succeeded Sir W. J. Ritchie as Chief
Justice, and in 1893 ho was knighted. Sir Henr\' Strong
was appointed a member of the Judicial Committee of Her
Majest}-',s Pri\'}- Council in 1S97, being the first Canadian
to occiip\- that position. " There is no keener intellect on
the Canadian bench."

CH.\rM.VN TOWNSHIP (1870)

So \ioIenl w.'is Poclor Chapin.'in's zeal,
He quite I'orgot l.atinity and giMces ;
Poor Priscian's he;ul, whose \vounds he cannot heal,
Was broken in in lialf a dozen places.

—Peter Pindar.

Tins township was named after Professor Edward J.
Chapman, Ph.D., LL.D., now of The Pines, Hampton
Walk, Kngland, for man}- years Professor of Mineralog}-
and ticolog}- in Uni\-ersit}- College, Toronto. He was
born in England about 1S22, receixed his primar\' educa
tion in b'rance and attended universities in German}-.
lie afterward graduated as a mining engineer in England.
One account s,i\s that he ser\-ed a term as a French
volunteer in .\lgcria. He became Professor of Geolog}- in
the Universit}' of London, but resigned that position to
come to Canada. He took the Chair of Mineralogy and
Geolog\- in the reorganized Uni\ersit\- of Toronto in 1S53,
and held the position for more than fort}- }-ears. On his
resignation in 1895 he returned to England, and took up
his abode in Surrc}-, where he still receives a pension from

46o NOTHING BUT NAMES
the University funds. Professor Chapman did a vast
amount of mineralogical work in Canada and is regarded
as the best authority on Canadian geology. While in
Toronto he was frequently called upon to act as mining
expert and valuator in various parts of Canada and in
Nevada, Montana, California and other States. He
was a member of the Royal Society of England and
frequentl}' contributed papers to that Society and to the
Canadian Institute. Besides a volume of poems, he pub
lished works on the " Minerals and Geology of Ontario
and Quebec " and on " The [Mineral Indicator and Blowpipe
Practice." He was an ardent advocate of athletics, and
was an expert fencer. Being a thorough scholar, and a
courteous, affable gentleman. Professor Chapman made
hosts of friends in Canada, who hope that he may long
enjoy his well-earned repose in the land of his birth.

CROFT TOWNSHIP (1871)

This township was named after Professor Henry
Holmes Croft, D.C.L., F.C.S., born in London, England,
March 6, 1820. He was the }'oungest son of William
Croft, who for twenty years held the post of paymaster-
general of the ordnance, under the Duke of \^'ellington.
Holmes, Hardinge and Parnell. Professor Croft received
his early education in the eit}' of his birth, and showed
a wonderful aptitude for chemistr}-. In April, 1838, on
the advice of Prof Michael Earada}-, he went to the
University of Berlin to continue his studies. Having
closed his university career in 1841 with every distinction
a student could desire, Mr. Croft was appointed on
Farada}''s recommendation to the Chair of Chemistry in

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 461
King's College, Toronto, in November, 1842, from which
position he retired in 1879. He helped to make Toronto
University national, instead of sectarian, and on the
passage of the new University Act in 1849, Professor
Croft was appointed Vice-Chancellor. He was a leading
member of the early agricultural and horticultural societies
in York. Agricultural chemistry in Canada owes much to
Professor Croft. In 1861 he organized and became
captain of the University Rifle Corps, which Col. Moun
tain pronounced the most perfectly drilled and disciplined
volunteer company he had ever seen. He retired with the
rank of Major. His skill as a toxicologist was such that
he was invariably appealed to in every doubtful case of
death from poison. He saved innocent men from the
gallows and helped to rid society of not a few felons.
After resigning his professorship at Toronto, Prof Croft
removed to Texas, where his family had been located for
some time. He died there a few years later.

HAGERMAN TOWNSHIP (1869)

Heard ye of the Family Compact,
Hagerman and Robinson,
Boulton, Sherwood and Macaulay,
Office-holders every one?
Bishop Strachan, Justice Powell,
Elmsley, Allan, Jarvis, Jones —
Ruling Canada like despots
Seated on usurpers' thrones.

-Rebellion Echoes.

This township was named after Judge Christopher
Alexander Hagerman, whose father, Nicholas Hagerman,
one of the first appointed lawyers in Upper Canada,

462 NOTHING BUT NAMES
settled in Adolphustown in 1784. Christopher and his
brother Daniel were both elected to Parliament at the
same time, but Daniel died before the House met
Christopher served in the war of 1 81 2, being chosen
aide-de-camp to the Governor, and at the close of the war
he was appointed Collector of Customs at Kingston, where
he resided for many years, also representing the town in
Parliament. He was appointed to a puisne judgeship in
1828, upon the dismissal of Judge Willis, who had excited
the enmity of Sir Peregrine Maitland and the Family
Compact, but he soon threw off the judicial robes and
succeeded Mr. Boulton as Solicitor-General. Sir John
Colborne dismissed him from his office in 1833, but Mr-
Hagerman went to England, had an audience with Mr.
Stanle}', the Colonial Secretary, and was reinstated. He
prosecuted the rebels who were executed in 1838, and
Mr. Lindsay says that " Attorney-General Hagerman
closed his ears to the cry of mere}', and only regretted
that the gallows had not more victims " — language which
Mr. Dent criticizes as "in need of some modification."
Mr. Hagerman was re-appointed to the Bench, and died
in 1847, being succeeded by Judge Draper. Relating the
circumstances connected with his return from Chicago to
Toronto in 1844, Mr. Charles Durand says: "It was a
different country from what we had left ; old Hagerman
could scowl over his eye-brows, but he could not expel the
elected members of the Commons, nor prevent me and
other innocent men from walking in libert}'. I saw him
very seldom, never spoke to him unless in court as a
matter of business, and had the right inwardly to think of
him as a type of Nero. He walked the streets and was by
some means appointed a judge. How, and by whose
influence, I know not, unless by the silly aristocrats of
England's Colonial Office, who seem to think it proper to

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 463
make judges and governors of the worst men in the
colonies." Judge Hagerman's first wife was a sister of
Chief Justice Macaulay.

BURPEE TOWNSHIP (1876)

This township was named after Hon. Isaac Burpee,
who was Minister of Customs in the Mackenzie Govern
ment, 1874-78. He was descended from a Huguenot
family driven from France to England in 1570, and with
the Puritans to Massachusetts in 1622. Jonathan Burpee
settled in New Brunswick in 1763. Isaac Burpee was
born at Sheffield, N.B., in 1825. He removed to St John
in 1848 and engaged in the hardware business with his
brothers, also taking an active part in the establishment of
manufactures. He was first elected to Parliament for the
city of St. John as a Liberal in 1872. (See Burpee
township, Manitoulin Island).

SHAWANAGA TOWNSHIP (1877)

This is the name of a band of Indians, to whom was
granted the right to occupy a piece of land on Shawanaga
Bay in 1853, and the title was confirmed by an Order in
Council dated December 21, 1877. The Indian word
Shahwahnegah means a long bay or strait.

464 NOTHING BUT NAMES

LAURIER TOWNSHIP (1878)

Wilfrid, who scorned the legend wild.
In mingled mirth and pity smiled. — Rokeby.
Canadians one and all, I ween,
Lament the loss of Aberdeen ;
But Minto, in his place, I hope
With all contingencies can cope.
And, with illustrious Laurier, lead
The land to many a doughty deed. — William Murray.
This township was named in honor of Right Hon. Sir
Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada, born at St
Lin, L'Assomption county, Quebec, November 20, 1841.
His father was Carolus Laurier, a land surveyor. Mr.
Laurier was called to the bar in 1864, was for some time
editor of Le Defricheur newspaper, and was elected to
represent Drummond and Arthabaska in the Quebec
Assembly in 187 1, which seat he resigned in 1874 to run
for the House of Commons. He seconded the Address
that year and made a notable speech in French and
English on the motion of Mr. Mackenzie Bowell to expel
Louis Riel from membership in the House. In 1877, Mr.
Laurier took office as Minister of Inland Revenue, and
was elected in Quebec East, his old constituency having
rejected him. In 1888 Mr. Laurier succeeded Hon.
Edward Blake as leader of the Liberal party, which under
his leadership defeated the Conservative Government at
the general elections of 1896. As Premier Sir Wilfrid
represented Canada at the celebration of Queen Victoria's
Jubilee in 1897, on which occasion he was knighted. The
speeches he delivered during his tour in Great Britain and

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT • 465
France were very highly commended and were regarded
as high!}' beneficial to Canada. The settlement of the
troublesome Manitoba Schools question is the principal
achievement of Sir Wilfrid's term of office ; next to that is
the concession of a preferential tariff to the products of
Great Britain imported into Canada. Lady Laurier, who
was Miss Lafontaine, of Montreal, before her marriage in
1868, has been of great assistance to Sir Wilfrid by her
charming manners and deserved popularity.

MACHAR TOWNSHIP (1875)
The township of Machar was named by Hon. Sir
Oliver Mowat in memory of his old friend and the pastor
of his early life, the Rev. John Machar, D.D., who was for
many years minister of St Andrew's Church, Kingston,
and a well known and leading clergyman in the early days
of the Presbyterian church in Canada. Dr. Machar was
one of a band of \-oung Scottish ministers who cast their
lot in the colony, and left the impress of their high
character, their Christian zeal, their ability and their
acquirements on the country's plastic youth. Dr.
Machar's reputation as an able and earnest preacher was
so deser\'edly high that some who specially enjoyed a
good sermon would arrange, in passing from Eastern to
W^estern Canada, or vice versa, to spend a Sunday in
Kingston for the purpose of hearing him preach. He was
for ten years Principal and Professor of Hebrew in
Queen's Universit}', Kingston, of which he was one of the
founders, and the second occupant of its presidential
chair ; and to the close of his life he was one of its
warmest and most devoted friends. Dr. Machar. died at
,1°

466 NOTHING BUT NAMES
his post at the age of sixty-seven years, leaving a son,
Mr. J. M. Machar, Q.C, Master in Chancery, Kingston,
who died, after a long illness, on April 2, 1899,
and a daughter, Miss Agnes Maule Machar, whose literary
contributions over the signature " Fidelis " have made her
well known throughout Canada. Miss Machar also excels
as an artist, and her pictures are a regular feature at
exhibitions of Canadian art. Dr. Machar's wife, also a
native of Scotland, was a woman of remarkable mind and
character, possessing a rare Christian wisdom recognized
by all who knew her. She was an intimate friend of that
eminent Christian writer, Thomas Erskine.
Old Machar is a parish adjoining Aberdeen, Scotland,
and the author of " John Splendid " uses the expression
" a machar of land."

LOUNT TOWNSHIP (1874)

The blacksmith Lount, he active was
Both spears and swords to make,
And General Duncombe hoped that soon
Fort Maiden he might take. — Cobourg Star, 1838.
This township was named after William Lount, Q.C,
of Toronto, who represented North Simcoe in the Ontario
Legislature 1867-71, and was elected to the House of
Commons for Centre Toronto in 1896, but resigned his
seat after one session. He was born at Newmarket, in
York county, in 1840, and called to the bar in 1861. His
father was George Lount, Registrar of Simcoe, brother of
Samuel Lount, who was hung in 1838 for participation in
the rebellion. They were sons of Gabriel Lount, an
Englishman, who settled in Pennsylvania after the
Revolution and removed to Canada with his family in

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 467
181 1, settling in the township of Whitchurch and following
the trade of a surveyor. Samuel Lount was a blacksmith
at Holland Landing, and represented Simcoe county in
the Parliament of Upper Canada. " Lount and Matthews
ascended the platform with unfaltering steps. They knelt
and prayed and were launched into eternity without a
single struggle. Both left large families." Dent's Story
of the Rebellion contains a picture of Mrs. Lount upon
her knees before Sir George Arthur, praying in vain for
the life of her husband. Bishop Richardson, who
attended Lount at the execution, told Mr. Charles Durand
that Lount died a rejoicing Christian. Mr. Durand
himself witnessed the execution through a window of the
jail, and nearly sixty years afterward he collected
subscriptions for a monument to Lount and Matthews
— names that are to this day held in great respect by
Canadian Reformers.

FERRIE TOWNSHIP (1877)
This township was named in honor of Hon. Adam
Ferrie, born at Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland, March 15, 1777;
died at Hamilton, Ontario, December 24, 1868. He came
to Montreal in 1829. After removing to Hamilton, Mr.
Ferrie and his sons conducted a large mercantile and
manufacturing business, which had branches in the
adjacent counties, and shipped their products direct to
England. Adam Ferrie was appointed a life member of
the Legislative Council of Canada, June 9, 1841. His
son, Robert Ferrie, represented Waterloo county in the
Canadian Legislature. Another son, Colin Campbell
Ferrie, manager of the Gore Bank, was the first Mayor of
Hamilton (1847).

468 NOTHING BUT NAMES

MACKENZIE TOWNSHIP (1872)

He was not over-rich in scholarship,
But more than peer of many richer men —
Better than Great, he .stood for what was Right —
Just plain Mackenzie — nobly commonplace. —J. W. Bengough.
This township was named after Hon. Alexander
Mackenzie, born at Dundalk, Perthshire, Scotland, in 1822,
died in Toronto, April 17, 1892. He was apprenticed to
the trade of a stone-mason at sixteen years of age, and
came to Canada in 1842. After working in Kingston and
vicinity for some time, he removed to Sarnia in 1847, with
his wife Helen Neil, to whom he was married in 1845.
There he engaged in business as a builder and was
interested in a newspaper, the Lambton Shield. He sat
in the Canadian Assembly as member for Lambton
1861-67, and represented the same constituency in the
House of Commons till 1882, when he was elected for
East York, which seat he held during the remaining ten
years of his life. He also represented West Middlesex in
the Ontario Legislature 1871-72, and was Treasurer of
Ontario in the Blake Government. Though not formally
appointed, Mr. Mackenzie became the actual leader of the
Liberal party in the House of Commons in the first session
after Confederation, and on the resignation of Sir John
Macdonald's Government in 1873, ¦'^''- Mackenzie was sent
for to form a new Administration. He was Premier till
1878, when his Go'vernment was defeated on the National
Policy, or protection, issue. " He might when in office
have conciliated public opinion, and perhaps continued to
enjoy power by consenting to deviate ever so little from
those principles of political economy, which principles

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 469
alone he held to be true ; but his stern and upright char
acter asserted itself, as it always did; he risked everything;
he lost all, and he bore the loss cheerfully, for conscience'
sake." Mr. Mackenzie's first wife died in 1852, and in
1853 he married Miss Jane Sym, of Lambton, who died
shortly after the decease of her beloved husband. In 1877
Mr. Mackenzie declined an offer of knighthood made to
him by Lord Carnarvon.

BURTON TOWNSHIP (1876)

Comrades, 'tis a sorry business.
Comrades, 'tis a grievous tale ;
Let me drown my recollection?
In a glass of Burton's ale.

-Punch.

This township was named after Hon. Sir George
William Burton, born at Sandwich, England, in 181 8. He
was a son of Admiral George Guy Burton, R.N. Judge
Burton came to Canada in 1836. He practised law in
Hamilton, as head of the firms of Burton & Sadleir and
Burton & Bruce, and was for many years City Solicitor.
He was also a promotor and director of the Canada Life
Assurance Company, and a leading Reformer. In 1874
Mr. Burton was appointed a Judge of the Court of
Appeals and in 1897 he was made Chief Justice. He
was knighted January i, 1897.

470 NOTHING BUT NAMES

HARRISON TOWNSHIP (1876)

O Harrison ! I must, I. will complain ;
Tears soothe the soul's distress, though shed in vain.
— Dr. Young.
This township was named after Hon. Robert Alex
ander Harrison, Chief Justice of Ontario, born in Montreal,
1833, died in Toronto, 1878. His father, Richard
Harrison, was from Monaghan county and his mother,
Frances Butler, from Fermanagh county, Ireland. He
was educated at Upper Canada College, studied law with
Sir James Lukin Robinson and with Crawford & Hagarty;
called to the bar in 1855, after serving as Chief Clerk of
the Crown Law Department, to which office he was
appointed by Attorney-General Hon. John Ross. Mr.
Harrison was the author of many law books, including the
" Municipal Manual," and no other member of the legal
profession held so many briefs as he during the time he
was at the bar. At many of the Assizes for York he was
retained in three-fourths of the cases. Mr. Harrison
represented one of the Toronto divisions in the first
Parliament after Confederation, but declined re-nomination.
In 1875, on the recommendation of Hon. Edward Blake,
Mr. Harrison was appointed to succeed Sir W. B. Richards
as Chief Justice of Ontario, being then only in his forty-
second year. He was one of the arbitrators on the
Ontario boundary question, and his last public act was to
proceed to Ottawa with Sir Francis Hincks and Sir
Edward Thornton, to hear counsel and deliver the award
determining the boundary. " As a counsel, so as a judge,''
said the Law Journal, " Mr. Harrison won the confidence
of the bar by his uniform good temper, patience, and

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 471
untiring devotion to his duties." His early death .was
undoubtedly caused by over-work.

HIMSWORTH TOWNSHIP (1876)

This township was named after William Alfred
Himsworth, Clerk of the Privy Council of the Dominion,
born 1820. He was called to the bar of Lower Canada in
1841, and was Clerk of the Legislative Assembly of
Canada 1842-43, and Secretary of the Confederate Council
on Commercial Treaties, which sat at Quebec in 1864.
On July I, 1872, Mr. Himsworth was sworn as Clerk of
the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.

GURD TOWNSHIP (1875)

This township was named after the late R. S. Gurd, of
Sarnia, who was a lawyer and a very successful man of
business, son of William Gurd, a British army veteran who
was one of the pioneers of Lambton county, and in
his later years an officer of H.M. Customs at one of the
ports on the St Clair River. R. S. Gurd was manager of
the Lambton Loan Company, and he made a great deal of
money in real estate transactions. He was a personal
friend and strong political supporter of Hon. T. B. Pardee,
Commissioner of Crown Lands when the township was
named.

472 NOTHING BUT NAMES-

NIPISSING TOWNSHIP (1879)

See Nipissing district.

PRINGLE TOWNSHIP (1879)

We forget each contention of civil dissension.
And hail, like our brethren. Home, Douglas and Car;
And Elliot and Pringle in pastime shall mingle.
As welcome in peace as their fathers in war.
— The Ettricke Garland.
This township was named after Robert Roderick
Pringle, born in Cobourg, Upper Canada, August 3, 1837 ;
only son of Dr. James Pringle, formerly of the Honorable
East India Company's service, who came to Canada in
1833 and married Miss Eliza, eldest daughter of Elijah
Buck, Esq. Mr. R. R. Pringle married in 1869 Miss
Sara Margaret, second daughter of Mr. Isaac Brock
Stanton, of the Dominion of Canada Civil Service. They
have one son, Robert Harold Clive Pringle, born in 1871.
Though never a member of Parliament, Mr. Pringle was
for some years an active and prominent politician in the
Conservative interest, notwithstanding which fact he was
an intimate personal friend of the late Hon. T. B. Pardee,
who named this township out of compliment to him. Mr.
Pringle is reputed to be an excellent judge of horse-flesh,
and he takes a deep interest in matters connected with the
turf, especiall}' the Woodbine meetings near Toronto.

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 473

MILLS TOWNSHIP (1877)

'Tis meet to tell that Mills made fight for Ben,
That KnatchbuU-Hugessen did not, and then
Sad Newdegate assailed with piteous cry
A Bill to please the fierce democracy. — Punch's Essence of Parliament.
This township was named after Hon. David Mills,
born in Orford township, 1831. His father, Nathaniel
Mills, emigrated from New York State to New Brunswick,
and moved thence to Upper Canada. David Mills was
educated at Michigan University. He represented
Bothwell in the House of Commons 1867-96, when he
was called to the Senate. He was Minister of the Interior
in the Mackenzie Government 1876-78, and succeeded Sir
Oliver Mowat as Minister of Justice in the Laurier
Government in 1897. When the Northwestern boundary
of Ontario was in dispute, Mr. Mills was engaged to
prepare a report upon the subject, and he was one of the
counsel for Ontario on the argument before the Imperial
Privy Council in 1884. Mr. Mills is a man of wide
reading, and an acknowledged authority on history and
constitutional law. He has been the editor of the London
Advertiser and a lecturer in Toronto University. He was
called to the bar in 1883 and appointed a Q.C. in 1896.
He married Miss M. J. Brown in i860, and is a member of
the Baptist Church. (See Mills township, Manitoulin
Island).

474 NOTHING BUT NAMES

WILSON TOWNSHIP (1877)

.Again the House has met — debate begun,
Wilson is up, old Cocker's favorite son. — Punch.
Till then, with me, thy pencil will not shine —
Till then, old red-nos'd Wilson's art
Will hold its empire o'er my heart.
By Britain left in poverty to pine. — Peter Pindar.
Officers in the Crown Lands Department say this
township was named in honor of Chief Justice Sir Adam
Wilson, born in Scotland, 1814, died in Toronto, 1891.
He came to Toronto when sixteen years of age and
studied law with Hon. Robert Baldwin. In 1859-60 Mr.
Wilson was Mayor of Toronto, and in 1859 he represented
North York in the Canadian Assembly, holding for a
short time before going upon the Bench in 1863 the office
of Solicitor-General. He married Miss Emma Dalton
in 1838. When Hon. Alexander Mackenzie was Premier,
Judge Wilson spoke, from his place on the Bench, of
Reform corruption in the recent elections, having no other
basis for his statement than vague newspaper charges.
Hon. George Brown vigorously attacked Judge Wilson
through the Globe, declaring that if it was asserted that
the Reformers had possessed or used any general corrup
tion fund, " be he judge or who he may, the statement is
false." For this '' contempt of court," Mr. Brown was
summoned to show cause, which he did at great length,
and the bench of judges disagreeing _ the matter was
dropped. Judge Wilson was knighted a few years before
his death.Sir Daniel Wilson, President of Toronto University

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 475
and author of " Memorials of Edinburgh in the Olden
Time," " Oliver Cromwell and the Protectorate," " Chat-
terton ; A Biographical Study," and other works, was
born in Edinburgh in 1816, died August 6, 1892. In
1853 he accepted the chair of History and English
Literature in University College, Toronto, and in 1881 he
succeeded Dr. McCaul as President " Only eminent
services to science could have secured him the recognition
of crowned heads and the issue of royal diplomas setting
forth these services, with enrolment among the
distinguished honorary members of the great scientific
societies and learned institutions of the mother land, and
of France, Italy and Denmark." Sir Daniel Wilson was
knighted in 1889.

BROWN TOWNSHIP (1872)

I said, "Of fellows about town.
Nature moulds some as with a frown ;
She smiled when she created Brown."

— Punchi

He hated falsehood with a burning scorn,
But may have erred, mistaking true for false ;
His nature was a rushing mountain stream.
His faults but eddies which its swiftness bred. — Grip.
This township was named after Hon. George Brown,
born in Edinburgh, 181 8, died in Toronto, 1880. He was
the founder of the Toronto Globe, the proprietor of Bow
Park Farm near Brantford, and for many years leader of
the Reform Party in Upper Canada. Mr. Brown sat in the
Canadian Assembly for Kent 1851-54; for Lambton
1854-57; for Toronto 1857-63; for South Oxford 1863-67.
He was called to the Senate in 1873. In 1874 he

476 NO THING B UT NA MES
negotiated a reciprocity treaty with the United States,
which the Senate of that country declined to ratify. He
was shot in the Globe Office, March 25, 1880, by George
Bennett, a discharged employee, and died on May 9th,
sincerely mourned by the people of his adopted country.
A monumental statue was erected to his memory by
subscription and placed in the Queen's Park, Toronto.

WALLBRIDGE TOWNSHIP (1879)

Then up rose Billa Flint in wrath
And vowed he would not give
A vote unto the Wallbridges
As long as he should live. — Belleville Newspaper, 1867,
This township was named after Hon. Lewis Wall-
bridge, Chief Justice of Manitoba, born at Belleville, 1816,
died at Winnipeg, 1887. The family emigrated to
America from Dorsetshire on account of having taken part
in the Duke of Monmouth's rebellion. Elijah Wallbridge,
grandfather of Lewis, came to Canada as a U.E. Loyalist,
and took up land in Prince Edward county, having
married a daughter of Captain Robert Everett, of King
ston. Elijah's old musket was in possession of Hon.
Lewis Wallbridge up to the time of the latter's death.
The first place of habitation on the site of the present city
of Belleville was a log house, built and occupied by Asa
Wallbridge, a trader, who also owned an ash house. The
father of Lewis Wallbridge was a lumber merchant.
Lewis studied law in Robert Baldwin's office at Toronto
and was called to the bar in 1839. In 1858 he was elected
to Parliament for North Hastings, and he entered the

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 477
Sandfield Macdonald-Dorion Government as Solicitor-
General. In 1863 he was elected Speaker, which position
he occupied for four years, presiding over the important
debates on Confederation. He was a moderate Reformer.
In 1882, on the death of Hon. E. B. Wood, Mr. Wallbridge
was appointed Chief Justice of Manitoba. He was buried
at Belleville.

PATTERSON TOWNSHIP (1876)

Miss Patterson has been to France,
Her heart's delight is in a dance. — Hood's United Family.
This township was named' after Hon. Christopher
Salmon Patterson, born in London, England, in 1823.
He was educated at Belfast, Ireland, and came to Canada
in 1845, settling at Picton, Prince Edward county, where
he studied law with Mr. Philip Low, whose partner he
afterward became. Mr. Patterson was called to the bar in
185 1, removed to Toronto in 1856 to join the firm of
Wilson, Patterson & Beaty, the other members of the firm
being Mr. (afterward Judge Sir) Adam Wilson, and Mr.
James Beaty, Q.C, M.P. In 1874 Mr. Patterson was made
a Judge of the Court of Appeal and in 1888 he was
appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada. Dent says
he was known as an industrious, painstaking and well-read
lawyer. Judge Patterson married, in 1853, Miss Mary
Dickson, daughter of Andrew Dickson, of Glenconway,
Antrim county, Ireland. He died at Ottawa, July 24, 1893.
His son, Mr. Dickson Patterson, is an artist in Toronto.

478 NOTHING BUT NAMES

HARDY TOWNSHIP (1877)

There are flies upon the baseball field
When the batter bats the ball ;
There are flies upon the scenic stage,
And wings to them withal.
There are flies on lots of other things
I cannot now recall —
But on Hardy and his Cabinet
There are no flies at all. — Berlin Telegraph.
This township was named after Hon. Arthur Sturgis
Hardy, Premier of Ontario, born at Mount Pleasant, Brant
county, in 1837. His father, Russell Hardy, was a
merchant, and he is descended from U.E. Loyalist stock
on both sides. Mr. Hardy married in 1870 a daughter of
Mr. Justice Morrison, of Toronto (see Morrison township).
He was called to the bar in 1865 and very soon attained a
foremost place among the lawyers of Brantford and of
Western Ontario. In 1873, on the resignation of Hon.
E. B. Wood, Mr. Hardy was elected to the Ontario Legis
lature by the Reformers of South Brant, and he has held
the seat continuously for more than a quarter of a century.
He was Provincial Secretary in the Mowat Government
1877-89; Commissioner of Crown Lands 1889-96, and
succeeded Sir Oliver Mowat as Premier in 1896, when Sir
Oliver took office as Minister of Justice at Ottawa. Mr.
Hardy is a clever and forcible speaker and a careful and
methodical administrator. Had he remained out of
politics, he would, ere this, have taken high rank at the
bar, if not a place on the bench.

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 479

McCONKEY TOWNSHIP (1878)

This township was called after Thomas David
McConke}', born in Tyrone, Ireland, 1815. He came to
Canada in 1822, and removed from Niagara district to
Simcoe county in 1825. He was a merchant at Barrie.
Mr. McConkey represented North Simcoe in the Canadian
Assembly 1863-67 and in the House of Commons 1867-72.
Upon his retirement from Parliament he was appointed
Sheriff of Simcoe county. Davin in " The Irishman in
Canada " describes Mr. McConkey as " a good speaker and
a man of convictions and integrity."

BLAIR TOWNSHIP (1878)

" And I will join a mother's tender cares
Through future times to make his virtues last.
That distant years may boast of other Blairs," —
She said, and vanish'd with the sweeping blast. — Burns.
This township is generally assumed to have been
named after Mr. Fergusson-Blair, but it was more likely
called after Timothy Blair Pardee, whose surname had
been already bestowed upon Pardee township in 1872.
The name was certainly selected by Mr. Pardee, who was
Commissioner of Crown Lands 1873-88. Hon. Adam
Johnson Fergusson, who took the additional surname of
Blair in 1862, upon his accession to some property, was
born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 181 5, and came to Canada

480 NOTHING BUT NAMES
with his father in 1833, settling near Hamilton. He
studied law and was elected to Parliament for Waterloo as
a Reformer in 1848. He remained in the .Assembly till
i860, when he was elected to the Legislative Council for
the Brock Division. He held office as Receiver-General
and Provincial Secretary before Confederation and at the
time of his death in 1 867 he was President of the Dominion
Privy Council. Mr. Fergusson-Blair was " a man of prac
tical ability and much esteemed by his party."

MOWAT TOWNSHIP (1879)

Ye may gather up mud ; if ye daur ye may throw it ;
But be aye sure o' ane thing ; 'twill na stick to Mowat. —Scotch Grit.
This township was named after Hon. Sir Oliver
Mowat, Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, born at Kingston,
Upper Canada, in 1820. He was the son of Mr. John
Mowat, formerly of Canisbay in the county of Caithness,
Scotland, and Mr. Mowat personally selected several
Caithness names for Ontario townships in honor of the
old Scotch county where his forebears had dwelt for
generations. Having studied law with Sir John
Macdonald and with (Judge) Robert E. Burns, Mr.
Mowat was called to the bar in 1841. He sat for South
Ontario in the Canadian Assembly 1857-64 ; was Provin
cial Secretary in the Brown-Dorion Government (1858) ;
Postmaster-General in tlie Sandfield-Macdonald Govern
ment (1863-64), and took the same office in the Coalition
Government of 1864, but resigned to become Vice
Chancellor of Upper Canada. He remained on the Bench
till 1872, when he became Premier of Ontario, representing

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 481
North Oxford in the Legislature. Mr. Mowat's term of
office is the longest on record in any British possession.
In 1896 he resigned the Provincial Premiership, was called
to the Senate and took the office of Minister of Justice in
the Laurier Government He was appointed Lieutenant-
Governor of his native Province in 1898. Sir Oliver's
personal popularity was a strong factor in carrying his
Government successfully through so many elections. On
constitutional questions he was always right, and in the
settlement of disputes concerning the rights of the
Province when those came into conflict with the claims
of the Dominion, Sir Oliver's views in every instance
prevailed at the Court of last resort.

482 NOTHING BUT NAMES

NIPISSING DISTRICT (1858)

From the Ottawa to Nipissing,
And thence to Georgian Bay,
The bold Champlain, in birch canoe,
Pursued his tedious wa}'.

— Canadian Chronicle.

The district takes its name from Lake Nipissing, a
body of water east of the northern shore of Lake Huron,
640 feet above sea level. After receiving the waters of
other lakes to the north, Nipissing empties into Georgian
Bay through the French Riv-er. Champlain discovered
Lake Nipissing in 1615. The word means "the little
body of water," and was so called because Nipissing,
though of considerable extent, is much smaller than any
of the great lakes of the Canadian system. A band of
Algonquin Indians lived on the shore of Lake Nipissing
and took the name of the lake. They are thus referred to
in a minute of Council, dated June 13, 1837: "The
Iroquois, Algonquins and the Nipissingues, collected
under the spiritual care of the priests of the Seminary of
Montreal at the Lake of the Two Mountains 
having done good service in the field in aid of His
Majesty's arms, both during the former and the late war
with the United States .... The claim of these Indians
comprises a tract of country on each side of the Ottawa
River, reaching from the seigniorial grant for some
hundreds of miles upwards . . . These petitioners
now appeal to the terms of the Royal Proclamation of
1763. They have brought forward their pretensions on

NIPISSING DISTRICT 483
various occasions, and it is to be inferred from some of
the documents which they produce in support of their
application that their right to compensation was at least
in one instance distinctly admitted by Lord Dorchester."

LYELL TOWNSHIP (1872)

And computed, like Lyell, how long it would take
Niagara to cut its way south to the Lake. — C. Dever.
This township was named after Sir Charles Lyell,
born in Forfarshire 1797, died 1875. He graduated at
Oxford in 1819 and entered upon the practice of law, but
abandoned it in 1827 to devote himself wholly to
geological inquiries. In 1830 he published his "Principles
of Geology," which was subsequently enlarged and went
through many editions. Lyell travelled through France,
Spain and Italy, in company with distinguished men of
science; in 1832 he married Miss Horner, who thereafter
accompanied him in all his travels and greatly aided him
,in his studies and researches. In 1831 he was appointed
• Professor of Geology in King's College, London. In 1841
,he went to Boston to lecture at the Lowell Institute. He
visited Niagara and computed the length of time it had
taken the Falls to recede from the escarpment at Queens
ton. He wrote two books on the United States and
Canada, relating to the institutions and customs of the
people, as well as the geological structure of America. In
1848 Sir Charles Lyell was knighted, and in 1864 was
made a baronet He was a close observer and very
.accurate, as well as entertaining in his descriptions.

484 NOTHING BUT NAMES

SABINE TOWNSHIP (1872)

He to the amplest bounds of time's domain,
On rapture's plume, shall give thy name to fly ;
For trust, with reverence trust this Sabine strain !
The muse forbids the virtuous man to die.

— Mason

This township was named after General Sir Edward
Sabine, born in England in 1786, of Irish parents. He
took part in the campaign of 18 14 on the Niagara frontier,
commanding the batteries at the siege of Fort Erie.
Having accompanied Ross and Parry on their voyage of
Arctic exploration, 181 8-19, he presented the Royal
Society with his observations on the peculiar action of the
magnetic needle in high latitudes. In 1821 he commenced
a series of voyages from the equator to the Arctic circle,
during which he determined the requisite length of the
pendulum to beat seconds in different latitudes, and thus
laid the basis for an accurate determination of the figure
of the earth. His discoveries led to the establishment of
permanent magnetic observatories in Great Britain and
the Colonies. General Sabine was secretary and also
president of the British Association and a Fellow of the
Royal Society from 1818 to his death, which occurred in
1883. 
DICKENS TOWNSHIP (1894)

You ask me what I see in Dickens —
A game-cock among bantam chickens. — Walter Savage La7idor.
This township was named after Charles Dickens, the
English novelist, born near Portsmouth in 181 2, died near

NIPISSING DISTRICT 485
Rochester in 1870. He was a son of John Dickens, a
clerk in the navy pay office at Portsmouth. After study
ing in an attorney's office, Dickens learned |shorthand and
became a Parliamentary reporter for the London news
papers. His first published sketch, "Mrs. Porter over the
Way," appeared in the Old Monthly Magazine in 1834.
The Pickwick Papers were published collectively in 1837.
In 1842 Mr. Dickens visited America and collected the
materials for his American Notes and Martin Chuzzlewit.
His share in the profits of his first two or three books was
small ; but after that he was able to dictate terms to his
publishers. He died from apoplexy, brought on by over
work. Dickens refused a baronetcy offered him by the
Queen, and in his will he directed that his funeral should be
private and unostentatious, and that only the word Dickens
should be inscribed on the tomb, as he rested his claim
to the remembrance of his country upon his published
works, and to the remembrance of his friends upon their
experience of him. He was buried in the Poets' Corner of
Westminster Abbey. In maps dated 1878 and 1888 this
township bears the name of Robinson, which was changed
to Dickens when it was noticed that there was a Robinson
township on Manitoulin Island.

MURCHISON TOWNSHIP (1872)

What though an Owen set store by his toil.
His credit though a Murchison assure ?
His specimens I'll view with scornful smile.
Pronounce them known, — not only known but poor.
— Punch on Du Chaillu's Collection.
This township was named after Sir Roderick Impey
Murchison, the famous geologist, born at Tarradale, Ross-
shire, Scotland, 1792; died 1871. He was an officer in

486 NOTHING BUT NAMES
the army and served in Spain and Portugal 1807-15, when
he retired, married and thereafter devoted his time and
talents to scientific pursuits. Murchison established what
he called the Silurian system, comprehending a succession
of strata which lie beneath the old red sandstone. In 1840
he commenced a geological survey of the Russian Empire,
having previously explored parts of Germany, Poland and
Sweden. In 1855 Sir Roderick was made Director-
General of the Geological Sur\-e}' of the British Isles. He
was knighted in 1846 and made a baronet in 1866.

AIRY TOWNSHIP (1872)

Will you behold, if keeping that appointment,
(Made for you, Sir, b)' .Airy and by Hind)
Jlen still anointing kings with holy ointment.
And Priests still leading, as the blind the blind ?
— .-idieu to the Comet.
This township was named after Sir George Biddell
Airy, Astronomer Royal, 1835-81, born at Alnwick,
Northumberland, England, 1801 ; died 1892. In 1825 he
discovered the optical malad}- called Astigmatism and
provided a remedy for it. In 183S he discovered means
to correct the variations of the compass in iron ships, and
in 1874 he directed the Transit of \'enus observations.
He threw much light on ancient chronology by computing
several of the most important eclipses of former ages. He
wrote many reports and books and was made a K.C.B. in
1872. On his resignation of the office of Astronomer
Royal in 1881, Sir George B. Airy was granted a pension
of ;£'i,ioo per annum for the remainder of his life, in
consideration of his eminent services to science.

NIPISSING DISTRICT 487

MASTER TOWNSHIP (1892)

O masters ! if I were dispos'd to stir
Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage,
I should do Brutus wrong and Cassius wrong.
— Mark Antony's Oration.
This township was named after Isaac Master, M.P.P.
for South Waterloo, born in the township of Wilmot in
1835. His father, who was of German descent, came to
Canada from Pennsylvania about 18 19. Mr. Master
married in 1857 Miss Lydia Fried, of Blenheim. He was
first elected to the Ontario Legislature, as a Reformer, in
1878, on the death of the sitting member. He is a farmer.

GUTHRIE TOWNSHIP (1890)

Let men who prate of loyalty, in this our day, derive
Instruction in that virtue from the Clans of " Forty-five." — Evan MacColl.
Let Scots who value freedom and are glad their Church is Free
Honor Cunningham and Guthrie, the men of " Forty-three."
This township was called after Donald Guthrie, Q.C,
of Guelph, born in Edinburgh, 1840. His father was
Hugh Guthrie of Edinburgh, who married Catharine
McGregor, of Rannoch, Perthshire. Donald Guthrie sat
in the House of Commons for South Wellington 1876-82,
and was elected to the Ontario Legislature in 1886 for the
same constituency. On his retirement from politics he
was appointed Inspector of Registry Offices in Ontario.

488 NOTHING BUT NAMES

CLANCY TOWNSHIP (1891)

It is with humiliation an' with sorrow that I state
That ol' Squawville has been buncoed in a manner up to date ;
We was ail in Clancy's boozery, discussin' politics,
An' its many quite unholy an' disreputable tricks.
When the cussed strang-er entered and chipped in with the remark
That 'twas thrice-accursed whiske}' caused the tricks that were so dark.
— Denver Post.
This township was named after James Clanc}-, of
Wallaceburg, Ontario, born in the township of l\Iosa in 1844.
His father was Patrick Clancy, a native of Roscommon,
Ireland. Mr. Clancy married Miss Emily Mcintosh in
1868 and is a farmer. He served in the Dresden Town
Council and as Reeve of Chatham. From 1883 to 1894
he sat in the Ontario Legislature, where he was prominent
as a financial critic, and he has made his mark as an
effective speaker in election contests. In 1896 Mr. Clancy
was elected to represent Bothwell in the House of
Commons, defeating Hon. David Mills by fifty-nine
majority.

PRESTON TOWNSHIP (1889)

Tell me no more of Gilpin's feat
.At Edmonton so gay.
Nor yet of Johnny Cope's retreat
From Preston's fatal fray. — Evan MacColl.
This township was named after Dr. Robert Henr}'
Preston, M.P.P. for Leeds 1875-90. He was born in Leeds

NIPISSING DISTRICT 489
county in 1840 and educated at Queen's College, Kingston.
Dr. Preston married in 1868 Miss Elizabeth Tett, of
Newboro. He was vice-president of the Brockville, West-
port & Sault Ste. Marie Railway.

SPROULE TOWNSHIP (1889)

This township, which is outlined but not yet surveyed,
was named after Charles H. Sproule, Provincial Auditor
of Ontario, born in Brantford in 1848. He is a son of
Robert Sproule, who came to Brantford from Ireland in
1845 and kept a general store. Mr. Sproule, senior,
supported Hon. E. B. Wood in the general elections of
1867, and in that same year Mr. Wood appointed Mr. C
H; Sproule to a clerkship in the Treasury Department at
Toronto. He was promoted from time to time, and in
1886 was appointed to his present important and
responsible position.

CANISBAY TOWNSHIP (1882)

This name was selected by Sir Oliver Mowat, in
remembrance of Canisbay, on the north coast of Caithness,
Scotland, the parish where Mr. John Mowat, Sir Oliver's
father, resided before he came to Canada. (See Mowat
township).

490 NOTHING BUT NAMES

PECK TOWNSHIP (1880)

The boy stood on the schooner deck.
Munching a slab of bread.
His name was Samuel Stanley Peck,
His hair was fiery red. — Casabiayica Up to Date.
This township was named after Samuel Stanley Peck,
M.P.P. for North Victoria, great grandson of James Peck,
a U.E. Loyalist who settled in Prince Edward county in
1800. S. S. Peck was born in Ameliasburg in 1829. He
married in 1857 Susan A. Harder, of Sidney township,
and in 1876 Susan Vandevoort, also of Sidney. Mr. Peck
was stipendiary magistrate of Haliburton 1874-79, and in
the latter year was elected tq represent North Victoria in
the Legislature as a Reformer. He has been warden,
clerk and treasurer of Peterborough county.

FINLAYSON TOWNSHIP (1878)

This township was named after Hugh Finlayson,
a merchant of Paris, Ontario, born in Scotland. He sat
for East Brant in the Canadian Assembly 1858-61 and
for North Brant in the Ontario Legislature 1867-79.
Mr. Finlayson served a term as mayor of Paris. He was
a Reformer.

NIPISSING DISTRICT 491

STRATTON TOWNSHIP (1893)

The gentleman who sits with his silk hat on
Is Peterborough's member, Mr. Stratton. — Gallery Notes.
This township was named after James R. Stratton,
M.P.P. for West Peterborough, born at Milbrook, Durham
county, in 1859. In 1878 he succeeded his father as
publisher of the Peterborough Examiner. He married in
1 88 1 Miss E. J. Ormond. Mr. Stratton was first elected
to the Ontario Legislature in 1886, and he has been
re-elected by increasing majorities. He is a Liberal in
politics, president of the Dominion Banking and Loan
Association and a director of several other financial
institutions.

BARRON TOWNSHIP (1890)

No star lends its taper.
No moon sheds her glow ;
For dark is the dull path
That Baron must go.

-W. Motherwell.

This township was named after John Augustus Barron,
Judge of the county of Perth, who represented North
Victoria in the House of Commons 1886-91, and was
appointed to the bench in 1898. His father was Frederick
William Barron, a native of England, who after graduating
at Cambridge University came to Canada and was
Principal of Upper Canada College, Toronto, for thirteen
years. Judge Barron was born in Toronto in 1850 and
was called to the bar in 1872. He practised law in Lindsay.

492 NOTHING BUT NAMES

NIVEN TOWNSHIP (1889)

And there's glorious Peter Nevin, after killin' six or seven,
(Not to spake of those he wounded, which was more by a great deal.)
— Punch.
This township was named by Hon. T. B. Pardee after
Alexander Niven, P.L.S., born at Niagara-on-the-Lake,
Ontario, October 14, 1836. His father was Robert Niven
and his mother Ann Morrison, of Perthshire, Scotland.
Mr. Niven was educated at Niagara Grammar School and
studied surveying under the late F. F. Passmore, of
Toronto, passing his examinations as a Provincial Land
Surveyor in 1859, in which year he began the practice of
his profession at St. Mary's, Ontario. In 1868 he accepted
the agency of the Canadian Land and Emigration Com
pany and removed to Haliburton, where he still resides.
Mr. Niven acted as agent for the company for ten years.
From 1874 to 1879 he was warden of the Provisional
county of Haliburton, and he served as stipendiary
magistrate of Haliburton in 1878-79. For the last twenty
years Mr. Niven has been employed by the Ontario
Government, surveying townships and base and meridian
lines. In 1897-98, he had charge of the survey of the
boundary between Nipissing and Algoma, from Georgian
Bay to James Bay. He is an ex-president of the Associa
tion of Ontario Land Surveyors and has been a member
of the Council and of the Board of Examiners since the
incorporation of the Association in 1892. Mr. Niven was
married on August 17, 1869, to Miss Maggie MacEvoy, of
St. Mary's. He is a Presbyterian and a Liberal.

.VIPISSING DISTRICT 493

DICKSON TOWNSHIP (1888)
The brave Colonel Dickson
It's proved pla}-ed no tricks on
The mess chest, nor oped it with wrong kev ,
Some fresh mud is spilt on
The blubbering Lord Wilton
.And Combermere's just an old donkev. — Punch.
This township was named after James Dickson,
P.L.S., born in the parish of Ashkirk, Roxbrughshire,
Scotland, in October, 1834, who came with his parents to
McNab township. Upper Canada, in 1S41, where he
shared in the hardships of pioneer life. His father, a
native of Galashiels, was acquainted with Sir \^'alter Scott.
He studied surve}-ing with JNIr. McDonald, of Arnprior, and
Mr. Evans, of Pembroke, graduating in 1867. After prac
tising two years at Minden, he removed to Fenelon Falls
where he still resides. Between 1878 and 18S5, Mr. Dick
son surveyed the townships of Finlayson, Ballantyne, Peck,
Hunter, Canisba}', AIcLaughlin, Bishop and Bower for the
Ontario Government. In 18S6 he traced the boundaries
of timber limits in the Huron and Ottawa districts, and in
1887 he was appointed Inspector of Crovvn Surveys. In
1889 he adjusted a long-standing dispute growing out of
the inaccuracy of the original surve}-s in Kennebec town
ship. In 1896 he resurveyed the town plot of Hilton on
St. Joseph's Island and subdivided the township of Harrow
in the La Cloche mountains. Mr. Dickson was employed
by the late Mr. Pardee to report on the feasibilit}- of
establishing the Algonquin Park, and was appointed one
of the Park Commissioners. In 1S84 he published a
volume entitled "Camping in Muskoka." In 1897-98 he

494 NOTHING BUT NAMES
was employed by the Dominion Government to subdivide
the townships in the Dauphin district, Manitoba. Mr.
Dickson is a member of the Ontario Fish and Game
Commission; a Justice of the Peace ; was reeve of Fenelon
Falls for five years and served a long term on the School
Board. He has been for seventeen years president of the
Reform Association of North and East Victoria. Though
deprived of early educational advantages, he has held his
own in the race of competition, doing a full share of useful
work in every position he has occupied, and gaining the
respect and good will of all with whom he came in contact.
Mr. Dickson married in 1874 Miss Margaret Halliday, of
Springtown, Renfrew county.

BOWER TOWNSHIP (1885)

Nesv Landers and Bowers the Tweed shall cross over.
No countryman living their tricks to discover. — Oliver Goldsmith.
This township is called after Bower, a parish in
Caithness. The name is of Danish origin and signifies a
valley or carse. (See Mowat township.)

Mclaughlin township (1883)

This township was named after Dr. James WeUington
McLaughlin, of Bowmanville, Liberal M.P.P. for West
Durham, who was born in Cavan township, 1840, and first
elected to the Legislature in 1879. His parents came
from the north of Ireland in 1829. Dr. McLaughlin

NIPISSING DISTRICT 495
graduated at Toronto University in 1864 and at Edinburgh
in 1872. He married in 1866 Miss Ida Ella Gross, of
Brighton. He has been a member of the Senate of
Toronto University and a member of the Ontario Medical
Council.

HUNTER TOWNSHIP (1881)

(Though this I speak but at a venture.
Supposing thou hast tick with Hunter,)
Methinks I see a blackguard rout
Attend thy coach, and hear them shout. — Dean Swift.
This township was named after James Hill Hunter, of
Durham village, M.P.P. for South Grey, born at Kilbar-
chall, Renfrewshire, Scotland, in 1839, and first elected to
the Legislature in 1875. He was educated at Goderich
grammar school and Upper Canada College, married in
1863 Miss Kate McDonald of Belleville, carried on
business as a merchant, and before his election to the
Legislature was reeve of Glenelg.

McCRANEY TOWNSHIP (1879)

This township was named after Daniel McCraney,
born at Trafalgar in 1834; a son of Hiram McCraney of
that township. He married in 1866 Janet Ewan of Oak-
vLlle, and he was Mayor of Bothwell 1868-73. Mr.
McCraney sat in the -Ontario Legislature for East Kent
from 1875 until his death in 1885.. His brother, "VyiUiam

496 NOTHING BUT NAMES
McCraney, M.P. for Halton for several years, was engaged
in the lumber trade. He removed to British Columbia,
where he assisted to organize the Liberal party for the
elections of 1896, and became a leading citizen of
Vancouver.

BRONSON TOWNSHIP (1888)

This township was named after Hon. Erskine Henry
Bronson, M.P.P., for Ottawa, born at Bolton, Warren
county, New York, 1844. His father, Henry Franklin
Bronson, erected mills at Ottawa in 1853 and removed
there with his family. E. H. Bronson became a partner
in the firm in 1864. He sat in Ottawa City Council
1871-77 and took a leading part in consolidating
the civic debt. He married in 1874 Miss Ella Webster,
daughter of Prof N. B. Webster, of Norfolk, Virginia. In
1886 Mr. Bronson was elected to the Legislature as a
Liberal, and he was a member of the Mowat and Hardy
Governments, without portfolio, 1890-98. Owing to
ill-health he did not offer for re-election in 1898.

EDGAR TOWNSHIP (1887)

Good for Sir J. D. Edgar ! What a wonderful man is he !
A statesman past all question, and of glorious policy.
He'd give our nation ginger, if we'll give to his a State,
But just which one he'd like to have he does not indicate.
—John Kendrick Bangs.
This township was named after Hon. Sir James David
Edgar, Speaker of the House of Commons, who was born

NIPISSING DISTRICT 497
in the Eastern townships of Quebec in 1841, of Scotch
parentage, and educated at Lennoxville and Quebec. He
was called to the bar in 1864 and practised in Toronto.
Mr. Edgar is the author of books relating to the Insolvency
Laws, and of several poems. He married in 1865 Matilda,
daughter of T. G. Ridout (see Ridout Township). Lady
Edgar wrote " Ten years in Upper Canada," published in
1890. Sir James Edgar was elected for Monck in 1872
and for West Ontario in 1884 and all the succeeding
elections. He was chosen Speaker in 1896 and knighted
in 1898.

WHITE TOWNSHIP (1887)

What callous bosom can forget the Muse
O'er hapless White, that pour'd soft Pity's dews ?
When on her son pale learning dealt the blow
And his own feather laid that eagle low.
— Childe Harold's Monitor, 1818.
This township was named after Mr. Aubrey White,
Assistant Commissioner of Ontario Crown Lands, who was
born at Omagh, Tyrone, Ireland, in 1845, and came to
Canada in 1862. His father was David White and his
mother Margaret Mackenzie, both of Tyrone. Mr. Aubrey
White was for some years engaged in the lumber business
in the Muskoka district In 1876 he was appointed Forest
Ranger, in 1878 Crown Lands Agent at Bracebridge, in
1882 Clerk in the Woods and Forests branch of the Crown
Lands Department, and in 1887 Assistant Commissioner.
Mr. White devised and applied the system of fire
ranging which is now used for the preservation of
Ontario's forests. He is a prominent Free Mason and

498 NOTHING BUT NAMES
in religion an Anglican. He has been twice married
first to Miss Minnie Brigland, of Newmarket, and secondly
to Miss Mary Brigland, of the same place.

ANGLIN TOWNSHIP (1887)

This township was named after Hon. Timothy
Warren Anglin, who was born in Ireland and came to
St. John, N.B., in 1848, where he founded the Morning
Freeman newspaper. He sat for St John county in the
New Brunswick Assembly 1861-66, when he was defeated
on the Confederation question, being opposed to the
scherne. In 1867 he was elected to the House of Com
mons for Gloucester, N.B., and in 1874 ^^-S chosen
Speaker. After the defeat of the Mackenzie Government,
Mr. Anglin removed to Toronto and was for a time on the
editorial staff of the Globe, being subsequently appointed
to an office under the' Ontario Government, which he
retained until his death. He married Miss McTavish of
St. John. One of his sons is a lawyer, and his daughter.
Miss Margaret Anglin, is a talented actress.

FRESWICK TOWNSHIP (1885)

This township was named after the village of Freswick,
on a stream of the same name, in the parish of Canisbay,
on the east coast of Caithness, Scotland. (See Mowat
township.)

NIPISSING DISTRICT 499

BISHOP TOWNSHIP (1884)

.As soon as you please, you may serve me your dish up,
But instead of your sherry, pray make me a — Bishop.
— Dr. Barnard, Dean of Derry, 1777.
This township was called after Archibald Bishop, of
Exeter, M.P.P. for South Huron 1873-94. He was born
in Edinburgh, Scotland, and married Miss Janet P. Doig,
of Huron. Mr. Bishop is a Liberal and was warden of
Huron county 1872-73.

DEVINE TOWNSHIP (1882)

The Gods assembled in Debate,
About Amelia's Nuptial State,
.A Gift so glorious, good and great.
To whom they should assign ;
Unanimously did agree.
That One (so like themselves) would be
Ill-suited with Mortality.
So gave her a Divine. — Gentleman's Magazine, 1732.
This township was named after Thomas Devine,
Deputy Surveyor-General of Ontario. Mr. Devine
entered the Department of Crown Lands July ii, 1846,
and was attached to the Upper Canada Surveys branch, as
surveyor and draughtsman. He had previously been
admitted on June il, 1846, a Provincial Land Surveyor.
In 1857, on the appointment of the late Andrew Russell to
be Assistant Commissioner of Crown Lands, Mr. Devine
was made Head of Surveys for Upper Canada. About

500 NOTHING BUT NAMES
the same time, on the resignation by Mr. Russell of his
seat on the Board of Examiners of Land Surveyors, Mr.
Devine was appointed to the vacant seat, which he held
until his resignation in 1879. Mr. Devine was a native of
the county of Westmeath, Ireland, studied his profession
under the Royal Engineers, and was employed on the
Ordnance Survey of Ireland. He then came to Canada,
and, in 1846, was appointed to a position in the Survey
Branch of the Crown Lands Department. In 1872, the
Ontario Government conferred upon him the title of
Deputy Surveyor-General, which position he held until the
end of 1879, when, feeling the necessity of rest and relaxa
tion, he retired, after completing thirty-three years of
faithful service. On his resignation he returned to his
native country and spent several years there, residing
principally in Dublin. He returned to Canada and settled
in Montreal, where he continued to reside until his death.
He was ill for only a few weeks, and his death was quite
unexpected. He died in Montreal on Wednesday,
November 14, 1888. A widow and two sons survive him.
As a topographer, Canada is much indebted to Mr.
Devine for many valuable and beautiful maps which he
brought out from time to time while in the employ of the
Government. The principal ones, covering the whole of
Canada, were published while the Hon. Messrs. Cauchon,
Vankoughnet and Scott were in charge of the Department
of Crown Lands, and were universally admired. His
services in this line were recognized by the Royal
Geographical Society of London which elected him a
Fellow. He was also a corresponding member of the
Geographical Society of Berlin, and of the American
Geographical and Statistical Society.

NIPISSING DISTRICT 501
BUTT TOWNSHIP (1879)

This is the eloquent Isaac Butt
Who had better have given 'em both the cut.
This is the elegant Vernon Smith,
Whom Mr. Butt had interviews with. — Punch.
This township was named after Isaac Butt, Q.C, born
at Glenfin, county of Donegal, Ireland, in 1813, died 1879.
He graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1836, and in
the same year was elected to the Archbishop Whately
professorship of political economy. He was called to the
Irish bar in 1838, and in 1848 ably defended Smith
O'Brien and others accused of high treason. He repre
sented Youghal and Harwich in Parliament and was a
pronounced Home Ruler. He wrote a novel and many
pamphlets, and was first editor of the Dublin University
Magazine. Mr. Butt was also author of a History of the
Kingdom of Italy, in two volumes.

FITZGERALD TOWNSHIP (i

Fitzgerald felt his patriot ardour rise
In grateful homage to the righteous skies. —John Taylor.
This township was named after Mr. James W. Fitz
gerald, Provincial Land Surveyor, who was born at Cork,
Ireland, and educated at Cork and DubHn. In 1849 he
won a scholarship of £-^0 and a year's tuition in the
School of Civil Engineering, Queen's College, Cork. In
1852 he served on the Ordnance Survey of Ireland under

502 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Sir Richard Griffith, and on resigning that position he
served under William Dargan, the great Irish Railway
engineer and contractor, on the Dublin docks, the Irish
Exhibition building, and on the Dublin and Wicklow
railway. Coming to Canada in 1856 Mr. Fitzgerald was
articled to Col. J. S. Dennis, of Toronto, who was after
ward Surveyor-General of the Dominion. He was
admitted as P.L.S. in 1857 and at once appointed by Hon.
Philip Vankoughnet, Commissioner of Crown Lands, to
survey the township outlines in the Haliburton country
north of Peterborough. In 1858 he made a subdivision
survey of Minden, and the plans and field notes of that
township have since that date been adopted as the system
for recording the returns of surveys in the Crown Lands
office. Mr. Fitzgerald settled in Peterborough in 1858.
He has been steadily employed in surveying for either the
Canadian or the Ontario Government ever since, except
from 1870 to 1875, when he was resident engineer iu
charge of a section of the Intercolonial Railway in New
Brunswick. The township of Fitzgerald was surveyed by
Mr. Fitzgerald himself and was named by Hon. Mr.
Pardee.

DEACON TOWNSHIP (1886)

And still within the village store the gossips roar and laugh,
And tell each summer boarder how the deacon drove the calf.
— Joe Lincoln.
This township was named after Thomas Deacon, born
at Perth in 1832, si.xth son of John Deacon, of Kilkenny,
Ireland, who came to Canada in 1816. He held high rank
in the Orange Order, being county master for ten years,
and represented North Renfrew in the Ontario Legislature

NIPISSING DISTRICT

503

1871-79. Mr. Deacon married in 1864 Miss Caroline
Rebecca Dunlop, of Pembroke. He was appointed junior
judge of Renfrew in 1895. His brother, John Deacon,
senior judge of the same county, born at Perth in 1823,
was a law partner of Hon. Alexander Morris (see Morris
township) before his appointment to the bench in 1866.

LISTER TOWNSHIP (1884)

This township was named after James Frederick
Lister, of Sarnia, born near Belleville in 1843, son of
Captain James Lister of the British Revenue Service. He
studied law at Sarnia, with his uncle Judge Davis. Mr.
Lister represented West Lambton in the House of Com
mons 1882-98, when he was appointed a judge of the
Court of Appeal. Mr. Lister was a good debater and a
very industrious member of Parliament

OSLER TOWNSHIP (1883)

You have heard the remark in different places
That clergymen's sons always turn out hard cases ;
When you hear of the Osiers, you'll have to admit
Some clergymen's sons have both virtue and wit.
This township was named after Hon. Featherstone
Osier, son of Rev. F. L. Osier, born at Newmarket,
Ontario, 1838, and appointed a judge of the Court of
Common Pleas in 1875. His brother, Britton Bath Osier,
Q.C, was born in Tecumseth parsonage in 1839. He
studied law under William Notman, Q.C, at Dundas, and
with Hon. James Patton, Toronto. Mr. Osier was County

504 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Crown Attorney of Wentworth 1874-80 and removed to
Toronto in 1882. He has been described as " the most
eminent criminal lawyer in practice in the Dominion," and
all recognize his ability in the conduct of both civil and
criminal cases. He has been the Crown prosecutor in
important murder trials, such as the Birchall case, the
Hyams, Hendershot and Sternaman cases. R B. Osier
married for his second wife a daughter of A. G. Ramsay,
Esq., president of the Canada Life Assurance Company,
Hamilton. Another brother, Edmund Boyd Osier, born in
1845, is a broker and financial agent in Toronto, a director
of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and a trustee of Toronto
University. He was elected in 1896 to represent West
Toronto in the House of Commons. Dr. William Osier,
the youngest son of Rev. F. L. Osier, born at Bond Head
in 1849, graduated at McGill College, continued his studies
in Edinburgh, and in 1884 was appointed to the Chair of
Clinical Medicine in the University of Penns}-lvania,
whence he was called to Baltimore in 1889 to take a
professorship in Johns Hopkins University. He is the
author of several medical works and stands at the very
head of his profession.

BIGGAR TOWNSHIP (1882)

Wordy flux from wide mouths that no floodgates can shut.
The drawl of a Biggar, the flow of a Butt. — Pu7ich.
Circumstantial evidence would point to Mr. C W.
R. Biggar, of Toronto, as the man after whom this town
ship was named, but Mr. Biggar says he knows as a fact
that it was named after his father, the late James Lyons
Biggar, of Murray township, Ontario, born at the Carrying

NIPISSING DISTRICT 505
Place in 1824, died May 24, 1879. He was the son of
Charles Biggar, whose parents emigrated from the town
of Biggar, Lanark, Scotland. Mr. Biggar was educated at
Victoria College and married, in 1846, Isabella, daughter of
William Hodgins, of Dublin, Ireland, and sister of Dr.
Hodgins, Deputy Superintendent of Education for Upper
Canada, and of Thomas Hodgins, Q.C, M.P.P, for Elgin.
Mr. Biggar represented East Northumberland in the
Canadian Assembly 1861-67 ^i^d in the House of Com
mons from 1874 till 1878. His son, Charles Robert
Webster Biggar, Q.C, born in Murray in 1847, was City
Solicitor of Toronto jointly with Hon. J. B. Robinson
1872-76, and filled the same office by himself 1888-94.
He married Miss Jane Helen Mowat, daughter of Sir
Oliver Mowat, in 1875. Mr. William Hodgins Biggar,
brother of the preceding, born in 1852, represented W'est
Hastings in the Ontario Legislature 1890-98, and was
Mayor of Belleville in 1887. He entered the legal profes
sion as a partner of Mr. John Bell, of Belleville, Solicitor
for the Grand Trunk Railway. The proximity of Biggar
township to the township of Butt might suggest, in the
absence of definite evidence to the contrary, the possibility
that the former was named, not after the Canadian
Biggars, but after Joseph Gillis Biggar, M.P., born in 1828,
died 1890, a son of Joseph Biggar, Trainfield House,
Belfast, Ireland — the man referred to by Punch. He was
a provision merchant by occupation and a member of
Belfast town council. From 1874 till his death he made
himself notorious as an obstructionist -in the House of
Commons, that being the plan of Mr. Parnell and his
followers to compel action on the Home Rule question.
Mr. Biggar represented the county of Cavan. He was
condemned to pay ;^400 damages in the breach of promise
suit of Hyland vs. Biggar.

5o6 NOTHING BUT NAMES

PAXTON TOWNSHIP (1879)

O long may Paxton boast her art ;
And long her laws of love fulfil ;
To thee she gave her hand and heart,
To thee her kindness and her skill. — Dr. Langhorne.
This towns'nip was named after Thomas Paxton,
M.P.P. for North Ontario 1867-83, born at Whitby in
1820. His father, William Paxton, of Walsingham,
England, came to Canada in 1820, with his wife,
Elizabeth Dryden. Thomas Paxton married in 1847
Miss Eliza Huckins, of Whitby. He settled at Scugog,
now Port Perry, in 1846, and built a steam saw mill there.
In the Legislature, Mr. Paxton supported the Reform
party. He introduced several useful bills, one of which
provided for the settlement of tax titles.

CAMERON TOWNSHIP (1884)

In a dream of the night, I was wafted awaj-
To the muirlands of mist where the martyrs lay ;
Where Cameron's sword and his Bible are seen,
Engraved on the stone where the heather grows green.
—James Hislop.
This township was probably named after Chief Justice
Sir Matthew Crooks Cameron, son of John McAlpine
Cameron, who emigrated from Inverness-shire to Canada
in 1 8 19, settling at Dundas. J. M. Cameron became
deputy postmaster, deputy clerk of the Crown for the
Gore district, clerk of committees in the Parliament of

NIPISSING DISTRICT 507
Upper Canada, and later held a position in the office of
the Canada Company at Toronto, where he died in 1866,
aged seventy-nine years. M. C Cameron attended Mr.
Randall's school in Hamilton, entered Upper Canada
College in 1838, which he had to leave in 1840 on account
of an accidental gun-shot wound which made him lame for
life, and from the pain of which he was never entirely
relieved. He was called to the bar in 1849 and became
one of the leading lawyers of Canada, enjoying a large
and lucrative practice. He entered Toronto City Council
in 1859, and in 1861 was elected to represent North Ontario
in Parliament Defeated in 1863, he was again elected in
1864 and sat till Confederation. In 1867 he was returned
to the Ontario Legislature for East Toronto, and re-elected
in 1 87 1 and 1875. Mr. Cameron was a member of the
Sandfield Macdonald Government, 1867-71, holding the
offices of Provincial Secretary and Commissioner of Crovi^n
Lands. He led the Opposition 1871-78. In November,
1878, he was appointed to the bench. "As a Minister of
the Crown, and as leader of the Opposition, he was a
prodigious worker, an able tactician and a most formidable,
though always courteous, enemy. As a judge, he had the
confidence and respect of the bar to the utmost extent."
Mr. Cameron was knighted a few months before his death,
which occurred on June 25, 1887.
Although the date of survey and its first appearance on
any map would indicate that the township of Cameron was
named after the gentleman who became Chief Justice, one
officer of the Crown Lands Department thinks it more
likely, from the situation of Cameron township on the
Ottawa river, up stream from Rolph and Head townships,
and just below Papineau, that the name was given it at an
eariier date, in honor of Hon. Malcolm Cameron, born at
Three Rivers, Lower Canada, in 1808. He was a son of

5o8 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Angus Cameron, of Perth, Ontario, who came from Argyle
shire, and Euphemia McGregor, also from Scotland (see
Euphemia township). Malcolm Cameron married his
cousin, Christina McGregor, of Glasgow. He was engaged
in mercantile affairs and was a leader in the temperance
movement He sat for Lanark in the Upper Canada
Assembly 1836-41, and in the Canadian Parliament 1841-
48; for Kent 1848-51 ; for Huron 1851-54; for Lambton
1858-60; in the Legislative Council 1860-63 ; was Queen's
Printer 1863-69, and was elected to the House of Commons
for South Ontario in 1874. Mr. Cameron was Inspector
of Revenue under Sir Charles Bagot, and between 1848
and 1854 he held various Ministerial offices. He was an
earnest supporter of the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854, and
might be called an Advanced Liberal. He "resisted the
constitutional aggressions of Sir F. B. Head in 1836, and
of Lord Metcalfe in 1843, and sustained Lord Sydenham
in carrying out the Union principle, 1840-41." Mr.
Cameron died at Ottawa in 1876. His son, Malcolm
Colin Cameron, sat in Parliament for many years as
representative of West Huron, and was in 1898 appointed
Lieutenant-Governor of the Northwest Territory. He
died September 26, 1898, after a few months in office.

BOYD TOWNSHIP (1883)

With a bended bow, on a milk-white steed.
And I wot they rank'd right bonnilie.
Thereby Boyd kend he was master man.
And served him in his ain degre. — Sang of the Outlaw Murray.
This township was named after Hon. John Alexander
Boyd, son of John Boyd, Principal of Bay street Academy,

.VIPfSS/.VG DISTRICT 509
Toronto, born in Toronto in 1837. He graduated at
Toronto University in i860 and was called to the bar in
1863. In 1872 Mr. Boyd was appointed Master in
Chancer}-, in 1881 Chancellor of Ontario, in 18S7 President
of the Ontario High Court of Justice. His judicial prefer
ment came to hii-n unsolicited. Judge Boyd belongs to
the Baptist Church and was for years a teacher and
superintendent in the Sundax- school.

PENTL.VND TOWNSHIP (1882)

There .ire hills beyond Penlland, and l;inds bej-oiid Forth,
He there lords in the south, there are chiefs in the north.
—Sir ll'nller Scott.
This township was called after Pentland Firth, which
separates the Orkney Islands from Caithness county,
Scotland. (See Mowat township). Pentland Hills and
Pentland village are near Edinburgh.

WILKES TOWNSHIP (18S1)

Then Satan answered, " There are ma^^¦ ;

But vou m.iy choose Jack Wilkes as well ,is any."
— Vision of Jndgjnent.
This township was named after Alfred John Wilkes,
O.C, of the firm of Hardy, Wilkes & Hardy, Brantford,
born in Brantford in 1847. He is the son of Mr. James
Wilkes, of Brantford. Mr. Wilkes took the degree of
LLB. at Toronto Universitv, studied law under Hon. S. H.
Blake and passed as a barrister when twenty-one }-ears of

5IO NOTHING BUT NAMES
age. He is city solicitor of Brantford and takes a deep
interest in educational and military matters. He married
in 1887 Miss Esther F. Haycock. The senior partner of
the legal firm is Hon. A. S. Hardy. The head of the
Wilkes family in Brantford was Mr. John Aston Wilkes,
born in Birmingham, Eng., in April, 1781 ; he came to
this country in 1819, arriving in New York, and settled in
Muddy Little York (now Toronto) injune, 1820. He com
menced business on Market Square, Toronto. Among
other properties in Toronto which he purchased was the
property upon which the Simpson store now stands, on
the south-west corner of Yonge and Queen streets, where
he kept a general store. He purchased the property from
Jesse Ketchum. John Wilkes and James Wilkes, two
sons of the late John A. Wilkes, proceeded to Grand River
ford, now Brantford, in June, 1823, and commenced
business as a branch of the Toronto store of John A.
Wilkes as general merchants. James Wilkes, as a boy
used to ride a pony across lots from the present Simpson
corner to the post office, which was then east of the St.
Lawrence market, the population of Toronto being then
about 1,600. There were only three brick buildings then
in Toronto. Dr. (afterwards Bishop) Strachan, Wm.
Allan and Mr. Baldwin owned these buildings. The two
sons in Brantford were joined later on by their father
and their brothers, George S. Wilkes and Charles R-
Wilkes. Geo. S. Wilkes was elected mayor of Brantford
in 1853. Frederick Thomas Wilkes, another son of John
A. Wilkes, was afterwards first judge of the county of
Grey. Charles R. Wilkes settled and gave the narne of
Wilkesport to the thriving village of that name in the
county of Lambton ; and now resides at Winnipeg. John
A. Wilkes, upon removing to Brantford, took up a large
quantity of land, which has since been known as the

NIPISSING DISTRICT 511
Wilkes Tract. The first distillery was built by him in
Brantford in 1830, and the first grist mill (a stone mill),
now known as the White Mill on the Canal Level, was
also built by the late John A. Wilkes. The Wilkes family
were mainly instrumental in the building of the canal
known as the Grand River Navigation Company's canal,
from Brantford to the Locks, and Mr. Geo. S. Wilkes
afterwards built the Holmedale canal. The dam is now
known as Wilkes' dam. Henry Wilkes, another son,
afterwards the Rev. Dr. Wilkes, studied in Glasgow, and
was for half a century pastor of Zion Church, Montreal,
and died at the advanced age of eighty-four years, at the
time of his death being the Principal of the Congregational
College in that city. The only surviving sons of the late
John Aston Wilkes are James Wilkes, who was ninety
years of age on the 27th of December, 1898 ; George S.
Wilke.s, a counsellor-at-law who resides in New York, and
Charles R. Wilkes residing at Winnipeg. John A. Wilkes
died in April, 1867, at the age of eighty-six years.
James Wilkes was one of the first councillors of the
town of Brantford after its incorporation as a town in the
year 1847, was for some years chairman of the Public
School Board, and was, for twenty-three years previous to
the year 1894, treasurer of the city of Brantford, and now
fills the position of treasurer of the Collegiate Institute
Board. He was also connected with the Congregational
Church Sunday school for over sixty years and is a strong
adherent of the Church. The sons of James Wilkes now
residing in Brantford are George H. Wilkes, for some
years councillor and reeve of the town of Brantford ;
Alfred J. Wilkes, Q.C, LL.B., and Walter A. Wilkes,
Major of the Dufferin Rifle.s. James C Wilkes, Division
Court Clerk at Mount Forest, is also a son of Mr. James
Wilkes. Frederick T Wilkes, of Brantford, is a son of the

512 NOTHING BUT NAMES
late Judge Wilkes, and another son, A. E. Wilkes, is a
barrister, practising at Winnipeg, Man.
In the report of evidence given to a parliamentary
committee on banking in 1828, John A. Wilkes, of Brant
ford, is described as a manufacturer. His son John, who
died in 1836, translated a part of the New Testament into
the Mohawk language.
Robert Wilkes, M.P. for Centre Toronto 1872-75, was
born in Leitrim, Ireland, in 1832. He married Martha,
daughter of Rev. William Cooke, D.D., of London, Eng
land. Mr. Wilkes carried on a wholesale jewellery business
in Toronto from 1858, with a branch in Montreal from
1864. He was a director of the Bank of Commerce and
of the Confederation Life Association. Mr. Wilkes met
his death by drowning in 1880.

BALLANTYNE TOWNSHIP (1879)

When Ballantyne befriends his humble name.
And hands the rustic stranger up to fame. — Burns.
This township was named after Hon. Thomas Ballan
tyne, M.P.P. for South Perth, born at Peebles, Scotland,
1829. He came to Canada with his father, James
Ballantyne, in 1852. Mr. Ballantyne was Speaker of
the Legislature for four years. He has been largely
engaged in the manufacture and shipment of cheese, and
served as president of the Canadian Dairymen's Associa
tion. He was first elected to the Legislature, as a Liberal,
in 1875.

NIPISSING DISTRICT 513

PAPINEAU TOWNSHIP (1878)

When the Asiatic cholera smote my dear friend by my side,
I never flinched an instant, but stood by him till he died ;
When the Papineau Rebellion nearly wrecked the ship of state,
Upon the field of battle many comrades met their fate ;
Ah I many a fellow soldier, in 1837
Changed the blood-stained soil of Canada for the golden streets of-
Heaven. — George K, Brown.
This township was named after Hon. Louis Joseph
Papineau, born at Montreal, 1786, died at Montebello, his
beautiful home on the banks of the Ottawa river, 1871.
He was called to the bar in 181 1, elected to the Legislative
Assembly of Lower Canada in 1809 and chosen Speaker
in 181 5. M. Papineau was chiefl}' responsible for the
Lower Canadian Rebellion in 1837-38. He spent two
years in the United States 'and eight years in France,
returning to Canada in 1847. Being elected to the
Assembly for St Maurice, he advocated the Annexation
movement in 1849, and founded the Rouge party. In
1854 M. Papineau did not offer for re-election, and the
rest of his days were spent in dignified and scholarly
retirement.

LAUDER TOWNSHIP (1881)

A piper met her gaun to Fife, and spier'd what was't they ca'd her ;
Jog on your gate, ye bladder scate, my name is Maggie Lauder. — Semple.
This township was named after Abram William
Lauder, of Toronto, M.P.P. for South Grey, born at

514 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Bewcastle, Cumberland, England, in 1834. His father
was Thomas D. Lauder, of Durham, Ontario, and his
grandfather Rev. William Lauder, of Bewcastle. Mr.
Lauder was called to the bar of Upper Canada in 1864.
He was first elected to the Legislature as a Liberal in 1867,
and retained his seat until his death. On account of
supporting the Coalition Government of John Sandfield
Macdonald, Mr. Lauder was classified by the Globe among
the " Nine Martyrs," and after the defeat of Sandfield he
became one of the leaders of the Opposition to the Blake
and Mowat Governments. He was a member of the Senate
of Victoria University. His sudden death caused universal
regret Mr. Lauder's son became a distinguished musician.

BOULTER TOWNSHIP (1881)

Poor  ! thou hadst been better sped,
Hadst thou been join'd to Boulter's head ;
A head, so weighty and profound.
Would needs have kept thee from the ground. — Dean Swift.
This township was named after Dr. George Henry
Boulter, M.P.P. for North Hastings 1867-75, born in
Prince Edward county in 1825. He was a son of
George Boulter, of Belleville. Dr. Boulter was educated
at Victoria and McGill Colleges, and practised his profes
sion at Stirling, Hastings county. He was a Conservative.

NIPISSING DISTRICT 515

CHISHOLM TOWNSHIP (1880)

Nor could Hamilton Tories a queerer team hit on
Than that odd combination of Chisholm and Witton.
— Election Rhyme, 1S72.
This township was named after Kenneth Chisholm,
M.P.P. for Peel, born in Toronto township in 1830. His
ancestors were Highland' Scotchmen from Inverness. In
1776, just before the outbreak of the Revolution, a branch
of the family escaped across the St Lawrence and settled
in Glengarry with the McDonells. Mr. Chisholm's father
was Alexander Chisholm, his mother Mary McDonell. Sir
Alexander Mackenzie, after whom the great river of the
north was named, was his grand-uncle. He bought out
the Brampton business of Peleg Howland, and managed a
store, the Eldorado mills and the pink stone quarry at the
Forks of the Credit. He was also a promoter of the Credit
Valle}^ Railway. - Mr. Chisholm has been twice married,
first to Margaret Elliott, of Brampton, and, secondly, to
Mary Ann McMaster, of Beamsville. He was first elected
to the Legislature in 1873.

CALVIN TOWNSHIP (1881)

As pious Calvin saw Servetus blaze.
So would new sects on newer victims gaze. — Byron.
This township was named after Dileno Dexter Calvin,
M.P.P. for Frontenac, born in Clarendon township, Rut
land county, Vermont, in 1798. He commenced business

5i6 NOTHING BUT NAMES
in Canada in 1825 as a ship builder and lumber
manufacturer. He was Reeve of Wolfe Island and of
Garden Island, near Kingston, and warden of Frontenac
for four terms. Mr. Calvin was first elected to the
Legislature in 1868, on the death of the sitting member.
Sir Henry Smith (see Storrington township), and his son
afterwards sat for the same constituency.

BONFIELD TOWNSHIP (1881)

This township was named after James Bonfield, of
Eganville, M.P.P. for South Renfrew, born at Gartmore,
Tipperary county, Ireland, in 1S25. He was first elected
to the Legislature in 1875. Mr. Bonfield was a lumber
merchant.

FERRIS TOWNSHIP (1880)

This township was named after James Marshall Ferris,
M.P.P. for East Northumberland, born in Fermanagh,
Ireland, in 1828. He came to Canada in 1850, was post
master of Campbellford in i860 and was first elected to
the Legislature in 1875. Mr. Ferris took an active part in
the construction and consolidation of the Midland railway
system, which was afterward acquired by the Grand Trunk
Company. He was a Liberal.

MANITOULIN DISTRICT 517

MANITOULIN ISLANDS

Then, when I have stray'd awhile
Through the ManatauUn isle.
Breathing all its holy bloom.
Swift I mount me on the plume
Of my Wakon-Bird, and fly
Where, beneath a burning sky .

-Thomas Moore.

Manitoulin is a corruption of the word Manitowin,
a divinity, derived from Manitou, the name given by the
Algonquin Indians to any supernatural object, calling for
their fear or worship — with something of the meaning of
the Greek daemon, good or evil spirit, or the African
fetich, charm, amulet or magical rite. Gitche Manitou,
the Great Spirit, is the most powerful Manitou, and not
one personal God. The Manitou of the Indians is almost
always an animal, and is chosen by each individual, while
dreaming, upon his coming of age. This animal then
becomes an object of worship, and its skin is carried on
the person as a fetich, and its likeness painted on the
body or sculptured on the weapons. The Manitou
develops into the totem, or sacred animal, of the gens or
family which descends from that person, and worship is
paid to all representatives of- its species. "The Illinois,"
wrote the Jesuit Marest, " adore a sort of genius, which
they call Manitou ; to them it is the master of life, the
spirit that rules all things. A bird, a buffalo, a bear, a
feather, a skin — that is their manitou." Bouchette says :
" A superstitious veneration is attached to these (the
Manitoulin) islands by the Indians, who believe them to

5 1 8 NO THING BUT NA MES
be consecrated by the presence of the Great Spirit, or, in
their own language, the Great Manitou, and hence has
originated the appellation they still bear." Moore, in a
foot-note to the poem addressed to Lady Charlotte
Rawdon, from which the lines are quoted above, says
" Manataulin signifies a place of spirits, and this island in
Lake Huron is held sacred by the Indians." He gives no
explanation of his alteration of the spelling, but quotes
from the Voyages du Baron de Luhontan : " Apres avoir
travers^ plusieurs isles peu considerables, nous en
trouvames le quatrieme jour une fameuse nommee I'lsle
de Manitoulin."

ASSIGINACK TOWNSHIP (1864)

There were three Indians named Assikinack, or the
Black Bird. One, sometimes called the Black Partridge;
was connected with the site of Chicago, and a medal was
given him by General Harrison in 1809. Another Assik
inack, who died in 1866, aged ninety-eight, was in his
youth a great drunkard, but was converted to Christianity,
became noted for good conduct and enmity to fire water,
and at his baptism took the name of Jean Baptiste. He
was present at the capture of Michilimackinac in 1 812, and
he was interpreter for the Government at Penetanguishene
and Manitoulin in 1837. Mr. S. P. Jarvis, superintendent
of Indian Affairs, detailed Assikinack to capture a cargo
of rum on its way north from Detroit and to throw it into
the river. Mr. Kane, the artist, called Assikinack, or
Sigenock, an acute and intelligent Indian, with so much
volubility of tongue that he owned the name of Black Bird.
His name appears as J. B. Assikinack attached to a treaty

MA NITO ULIN DISTRICT 5 1 9
made in 1836 and as J. B. Assikinock to the Robinson
treaty made at Sault Ste. Marie in 1850. His son, Francis
Assikinack, was sent to Upper Canada College by Mr.
Jarvis in 1840 and became a fine scholar. He took prizes
in 1841-43, and in 1849 he was employed as a clerk and
interpreter in the Indian Department. He called his tribe
the Odahwahs, from which the word Ottawa is doubtless
corrupted. Francis Assikinack died in 1863. (See
Tehkummeh).

SHEGUIANDAH TOWNSHIP (1864)

This name is obviously Indian.

TEHKUMMEH TOWNSHIP (1866)

This is the name of an Indian Chief, of the Weguai-
mekong bar;d of Indians, who appended his signature in
testimony of his assent to a treaty made by Hon. William
McDougall at Manitowaning, Oct 6, 1862, under which
patents for land were given to the Indians remaining on
Manitoulin Island. The names of J. B. Assiginack and
Benjamin Assiginack are signed to the same treaty, and
F. Assikinack signed it as a witness.

520 NOTHING BUT NAMES

SANDFIELD TOWNSHIP (1870)

'Twas feared, at first, the sight of him might touch
The old Macdonald's morbid mind too much. — Campbell.
This township was named after Hon. John Sandfield
Macdonald, born at St Raphael in 18 12, died 1872, son of
Alexander Macdonald, of Glengarry, and brother of Hon.
Donald Alexander Macdonald, who was Lieutenant-
Governor of Ontario 1875-80. He studied law with Mr.
McLean, of Cornwall, and Mr. Draper, of Toronto, and
was elected to Parliament in March, 1841. In 1849 he
became Solicitor-General in the Baldwin-Lafontaine Gov
ernment ; in 1852 he was Speaker; in 1858 Attorney-
General west, and in 1862 Premier of Canada. He
opposed Confederation, but became the first Premier of
Ontario, forming a coalition Government, which made a
good record for economy. Though an Upper Canadian
and a Roman Catholic, Mr. Macdonald was opposed to
representation by population and to Separate Schools. His
Government was defeated in 1871. He married in 1840
the daughter of a United States Senator who lived in
Louisiana.

BIDWELL TOWNSHIP (1864)

Ex-Speaker Bidwell in the dumps
Vow'd politics he'd quit ;
For well he knew in that there house
He never more could sit. — Cobourg Star, 1838,
This township was named after Hon. Marshall Spring
Bidwell, born 1798, died 1872, who came from Berkshire,

MANITOULIN DISTRICT 521
Massachusetts, to Canada with his father, Barnabas Bid-
well, in 1 8 10, and settled at Bath, in Addington county.
The elder Bidwell was elected to Parliament in 1821, and
expelled by the Family Compact on a charge that he had
been guilty of felonious conduct in Massachusetts and was
an alien. The electors immediately chose the son, M. S.
Bidwell, in place of his father. He became Speaker of the
House and would have been a judge but for the opposition
of Sir F. B. Head, who frightened him into leaving the
Province at the time of the rebellion. Mr. Bidwell denied
all connection with the rebellion. He became eminent as
a lawyer in New York, and though efforts were made to
induce him to return to Canada he lived and died in
practical exile. When assailed in the press after his
departure, Mr. Bidwell was warmly defended by Rev.
Egerton Ryerson, who declared that Bidwell was a man of
blameless life and true Christian character.

HOWLAND TOWNSHIP (1864)

This township was named after Sir William Pearce
Howland, Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario 1868-73, born
in Duchess county, N.Y., in 1811. His parents were Jona
than Howland and Lydia Pearce, and he is descended
from John Howland, an English Quaker, who came to
America in 1620. Mr. Howland came to Canada in 1830
and settled in Toronto township, where he engaged in the
mercantile business. In 1840 he purchased the Lambton
Mills property and soon after engaged in the wholesale
grocery trade in Toronto. From 1857 to 1868 he repre
sented West York in Parliament He was Finance

522 NOTHING BUT NAMES
Minister in 1862 and later he filled the offices of Receiver-
General and Postmaster-General. He belonged to the
Coalition Government formed in 1864 to mature the
scheme of Confederation. In 1879 he was knighted. Sir
William married Mrs. Webb in 1843, Mrs. Hunt in 1866,
and Mrs. Bethune in 1895. Of his sons W. H. Howland
was mayor of Toronto and O. A. Howland represented
South Toronto in the Ontario Legislature.

CLOCHE ISLAND (1750)

The island and mountain were named Cloche by the
French voyageurs, from the resemblance in form to a bell.
The date is uncertain ; but the name appears on the oldest
maps of the district

CARNARVON TOWNSHIP (1867)

Of those whose spears tremendous gleam
By Caledonian Banna's stream.
While stern Carnarvon's archers fly
Before the van of Liberty. —H. J. Pye, 1792.
This township was named in honor of Henry Howard
Molyneux Herbert, Earl of Carnarvon, born in 1831, died
June 28, 1890, who was Secretary of State for the Colonies
in 1866-67, ^nd introduced and carried through the
Imperial Parliament the Act for the Confederation of the
British North American Colonies. He resigned office
because he was opposed to Mr. Disraeli's Reform Bill —
the " leap in the dark." The title is taken from the

MANITOULIN DISTRICT 523
county of Carnarvon in Wales, which is mountainous, with
narrow vales and precipitous heights. Carnarvon was
called by the Romans Venedotia. In the protracted
endeavors of Romans, Saxons, Normans and English for
the entire subjugation of the country, Carnarvon was the
scene of continued and desperate 'contention, and became
the last retreat of unconquered freedom. The town of
Carnarvon on the shore of Menai Strait occupies the site
of the Roman station Segontium. The present town was
founded by Edward I. The property of the castle is still
vested in the Crown, but it is held by the Earl of
Uxbridge. The castle walls are ten feet thick.

BILLINGS TOWNSHIP (1864)

Would gentle readers waste their sighs or shillings
On Byron, if phoneticised by Billings.

-Punch.

This township was named after Elkanah Billings,
F.R.G.S., born in Gloucester township, near Ottawa, in
1820. His father, who was of Welsh descent, was born in
Massachusetts during the war of the Revolution, shortly
after which his grandfather came to Canada and settled
near Brockville. Mr. Billings studied law and was called
to the bar in 1845. He practised in Ottawa and in
Renfrew until 1856, when he was appointed to the position
of palaeontologist on the geological survey of Canada. In
1858 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Geological
Society of London. While a resident of Ottawa Mr.
Billings made a large collection of fossils from the rocks in
the neighborhood. In 1856 he published the first number
of the Canadian Naturalist, and he subsequently con
tributed largely to the publications of the Geological

524

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Survey- His report on the classification of the fossils in
the museum occupies lOO pages of the blue book issued by
Sir William Logan in 1857.

CAMPBELL TOWNSHIP (1867)

A gathering grand on my vision is looming ;
The air is alive with " The Campbells are coming.'' — Evan MacColl.
This township w.as named after Sir Alexander Camp
bell, Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, born at Hedon, in
Yorkshire, England, 1821, died May 24, 1892. He came
to Canada with his father when only two years old, living
first at Lachine and then at Kingston, where he studied
law and practised in partnership with Sir John Macdonald.
In 1858 Mr. Campbell was elected to the Legislative
Council for the Cataraqui Division. He filled the
Speaker's Chair and in 1864 took office in the Government
as Commissioner of Crown Lands. In 1867 he became a
Senator and Postmaster-General in the Macdonald
Government of the Dominion, which office he held for six
years, when he was transferred to the newly organized
Department of the Interior. He led the opposition in the
Senate during Mr. Mackenzie's premiership, and on the
return of Sir John Macdonald to office in 1878 Mr.
Campbell again became a member of his Government,
having charge successively of the Post Office, Militia and
Justice Departments. On May 24, 1879, he was knighted,
and on June i, 1887, he was appointed Lieutenant-
Governor of Ontario, which office he filled most acceptably
till his death. His biographer says that Sir Alexander
Campbell " was not a man to be trifled with ; he believed

MANITOULIN DISTRICT 525
in holding men to their duty ; but on the other hand he
was always glad of an opportunity of rewarding faithful
service." He married in 1855 Georgina Frederica Locke,
daughter of Thomas Sandwith,. Esq., of Beverley, York
shire. One author (see Cockburn Island) thinks this
township was named in honor of Lord John Campbell,
born in 1781, who was Solicitor-General under Lord Grey,
Attorney-General under Lord Melbourne 1835-41, and
became Chief Justice of the English Court of Queen's
Bench. He was the author of " Lives of the Chancellors,"
but he had no direct connection with Canada at any time.

ALLAN TOWNSHIP (1867;

Let humble Allen, with an awkward shame,
Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame. —Pope.
This township was named after Hon. George William
Allan, Senator, born in Toronto, Jan. 9, 1822, son of Hon.
William Allan who settled in York during Governor
Simcoe's term of office and died at Toronto in 1853,
having been Toronto's first postmaster, first Customs
collector and first president of the Bank of Upper Canada;
also a Legislative Councillor and a member of the
Executive Council under Sir Francis B. Head and Sir
George Arthur. Senator Allan's mother was a daughter
of Dr. John Gamble, surgeon in the Queen's Rangers. In
1837 young Allan, then in his sixteenth year, left Upper
Canada College and enlisted as a private. He was called
to the bar in 1846, but before entering upon practice he
travelled through Egypt, Asia Minor, Turkey and Greece.
He was an alderman of Toronto in 1849 ^"^ Mayor in

526 NOTHING BUT NAMES
1865. In 1858 he was elected to the Legislative Council
for York Division and in 1867 he was called to the Senate
of Canada. Having always taken an interest iri flowers, .
Mr. Allan in 1857 presented the Horticultural Society with
the five acres of land which now compose the Horticultural
Gardens. He is a Conservative, a member of the Church
of England, and for many years he has been chief commis
sioner of the Canada Company, and president of the
Western Canada Loan and Savings Company. Senator
Allan married, in 1845, Louisa Maud, daughter of Sir
J. B. Robinson. In 1857 he married Adelaide Harriet,
daughter of Rev. T. Schreiber, of Essex, England.

MILLS TOWNSHIP (1878)

The selection of this name, when there was already a
township of Mills in Parry Sound district, was made by
Mr. Vankoughnet, Deputy Superintendent-General of
Indian Affairs, in response to a memorandum from
Colonel Dennis. (See Burpee township.) It was meant
as a compliment to Hon. David Mills, at that time
Minister of the Interior.

GORDON TOWNSHIP (1871)

Twa gallanter Gordons did never sword draw ;
But against four and thirty, wae's me, what is twa ?
— The Baron of Brackley.
On August 2, 1 87 1, Mr. Edgar Bray, surveyor,
requested by letter to the Indian Department to be

MANITOULIN DISTRICT 527
advised as to the name of this township, and was informed
in reply that it should be called Sherborne. On Sept 21 of
the same year he was advised that the name was to be
changed from Sherborne to Gordon, it having been ascer
tained that the name Sherborne had already been given to
a township in what is now the Haliburton district.
Senator Allan, of Toronto, after whom the adjacent town
ship of Allan is called, says he has no doubt that Gordon
township was named after Hon. James Gordon, of Toronto,
who was appointed to the Legislative Council of Canada,
October 4, 1845, and remained a member of that body
until his death, April 10, 1865. The Toronto Directory of
1857 mentions him as living at the corner of Church and
Crookshank streets. " Toronto of Old " says Chief
Justice Sir William Campbell in 1822 erected on Duke
street a mansion of brick, which was subsequently, for
many years, the hospitable home of Hon. James Gordon,
formerly of Amherstburg. In the same volume. Dr.
Scadding mentions that Miss Gordon, the daughter of a
former ever-generous member of the congregation, the
Hon. J. Gordon, subscribed $1,000 to the fund to complete
St. James' Church.

BURPEE TOWNSHIP (1878)

This township is duplicated, like the township of Mills,
in Parry Sound district, the explanation being that Mani
toulin was under the charge of the Indian Department at
Ottawa, whereas the township names on the mainland
were selected in the Crown Lands Department at Toronto.
The records of the Indian Department contain a letter,
dated August 28, 1878, informing Mr. G. B. Abrey, the
surveyor, that the name of the township would be Burpee.

528 NOTHING- BUT NAMES

BARRIE ISLAND (1828)

See Barrie township, Frontenac county. Commodore
Barrie visited Drummond and other islands of the Mani
toulin group in 1828.

ROBINSON TOWNSHIP (1879)

Dear Mr. Robinson, I beg your pardon ;
Your Job-like patience I've borne hard on.
Whoever says the mutton is not good
Knows nothing, Jlister Robinson, of food.
—Peter Pindar (Dr. Wolcot).
From the date at which the name was given, this town
ship was probably called after Hon. John Beverley
Robinson, second son of Chief Justice Sir J. B. Robinson,
born at Beverley House, Toronto, Feb. 21, 1821, died in
Massey Music Hall, Toronto, during a Conservative meet
ing at which he had intended to speak, June 19, 1896. He
was Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario 1880-87. W'hen
seventeen years of age Mr. Robinson was aide-de-camp to
Sir Francis Bond Head, and he was entrusted with
despatches from Toronto to the British Minister at Wash
ington. When the rebellion was over, he studied law with
(Judge) C A. Hagerman, whose daughter Mary Jane he
afterwards married, and he was called to the bar in 1844.
He was mayor of Toronto in 1857, and was five times
elected to Parliament for that city, besides representing
Algoma from 1872 to 1874. In 1862 he was president of
the Privy Council. He assisted in the construction of

MANITOULIN DISTRICT 529
railways and in 1861 effected the sale, to English capital
ists, of one million acres of land now forming part of the
county of Haliburton, subject to the Crown Lands
Department's conditions of .settlement As Lieutenant-
Governor, Mr. Robinson was acceptable to all classes, and
his sudden death was sincerely regretted by the people of
Toronto and of Ontario.
An uncle of Hon. J. B. Robinson, who was connected
with Algoma and Manitoulin at an earlier date, was Hon.
William Benjamin Robinson. He represented Her
Majesty the Queen in the negotiation of a treaty with the
Indians at Sault Ste. Marie in 1850 for the surrender of
the lands on the east and north shores of Lake Huron
from Penetanguishene to Sault Ste. Marie. This Mr.
Robinson was a brother of Chief Justice Sir John Beverley
Robinson and of Hon. Peter Robinson (see Peterborough
county). W. L. Mackenzie in " Sketches of Canada and
the United States" (1833) described W.B.Robinson as
postmaster of Newmarket, Member of Assembly for
Simcoe, Government contractor. Colonel of militia and
Justice of the Peace. He was elected to Parliament for
Simcoe in 1831. While speaking in 1834 in the debate
on a motion to expel Mackenzie, Mr. Robinson was hissed
from the gallery, his language being very severe not only
with regard to Mackenzie but also toward the Governor.
Of the next election Dent says : " The two members
returned for the county of Simcoe represented very nearly
the two extremes of political opinion. William Benjamin
Robinson was, as became one of his race, the incarnation
of Family Compact Toryism. His colleague was Samuel
Lount" In 1844 Mr. Robinson entered the Government
as Inspector-General, and in 1846 he became Chief Com-
rnissioner of Public Works, though he did not agree with
Mr. Draper on matters of policy. At one of his elections

530 NOTHING BUT NAMES
in Simcoe Mr. Robinson defeated Mr. W. H. Blake, father'
of Hon. Edward Blake. When Simcoe county was divided
in 1854 Mr. Robinson was elected in the South Riding,
with Mr. Angus Morrison as his colleague for the North
Riding. In 1857 Mr. T. R. Ferguson succeeded him.

D.AWSON TOWNSHIP

Young Dawson was a gallant boy,
.A brighter never trod the plain ;
.And well he loved one charming maid,
.And dearly was he loved again.

Shenstone.

This township was named after Simon James Dawson,
M.P. for Algoma, who was born in Glengarry, Scotland,
and carne to Canada when a boy. Being a civil engineer,
Mr. Dawson was appointed by the Government in 1851 to
plan and construct extensive works designed to open up
the pine regions of the St. Maurice valley. In 1857 he
was sent to explore the country from Lake Superior to the
Saskatchewan, after finishing which work he resided for
some years at Three Rivers, Que. In 1868 he was called
upon to commence the construction of the route to Red
River, afterwards known as the Dawson Route, and in
1870 he provided boats and voyageurs to transport
Colonel (now Lord) Wolseley's force from Lake Superior
to Fort Garry. Mr. Dawson was a joint Commissioner
with the Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba to conclude a
treaty with the Salteau.x Indians in 1873. In 1875 he was
elected to the Ontario Legislature for Algoma, and in that
House he advocated a vigorous colonization roads policy.
In 1878, '82 and '86 he was elected to the House of

MANITOULIN DISTRICT 531
Commons for Algoma. He has been urgent in all schemes
for the development of the North-West, looking forward to
the time when the mines of Ontario as well as the wheat
fields of Manitoba would contribute largely to the wealth
of Canada. Mr. Dawson was never married.

COCKBURN ISLAND TOWNSHIP (1821J

A veteran host by veterans led.
With Ross and Cockburn at their head,
They came — they saw — they bfirned — and fled.
— Philip Frenau.
This name was given in honor of Lieutenant-Colonel
Francis Cockburn, Deputy Quartermaster General to the
Forces, who was with the Duke of Richmond when that
nobleman died, and whose opinion on the settlement of a
" loyal and warlike population on the banks of the Rideau
and Ottawa " the Duke endorsed in a letter to Lord
Bathurst dated January 14, 1819. Cockburn's report
on the military settlements, dated November 26, 181 8,
will be found in the Archives of 1897. On Oct 27,
1820, Lord Dalhousie wrote to Bathurst : " My Lord, I
must particularly notice the valuable services of Lt.-Col.
Cockburn, Deputy Quarter Master General, who has from
the beginning conducted and given life and energy to
every part of the Establishment ; he first with the compass
in hand penetrated thro' these woods to ascertain the
practicability of the plan, and to this day controls and
directs everything belonging to it." Col. Cockburn
accompanied the Earl of Dalhousie in 1821 upon a tour of
inspection by water from Montreal through the St. Law
rence and the Lakes to Sault Ste. Marie, thence along the

532 NOTHING BUT NAMES
north shore of Lake Huron to French river, Lake Nipissing
and the Ottawa, and so to Montreal, covering a total
distance of 1,672 miles, and he made a very full report
upon the waterways and requisite defences. Cockburn
suggested Portloche Harbour as the best site for a military
post in the event of Drummond Island being given up to
the United States. One author says Cockburn Island was
named after Sir George Cockburn, born 1772, died 1853,
the naval officer who burned the city of Washington, but
that seems improbable in view of Lieutenant-Colonel
Cockburn's visit to the locality and the fact that the island
is also called Little Manitoulin. Another author says the
names of Lords Cockburn, Campbell and Carnarvon are
preserved on Manitoulin Island. Lord Cockburn (Henry
Dundas), born 1779, died 1854, was Solicitor-General for
Scotland in Earl Grey's administration and went upon the
bench in 1834. His Majesty's schooner, called the
Cockburn, was under Commodore Barrie's command on
Lake Ontario in 1828, just before he made his visit to
Manitoulin. (See Barrie township, Frontenac county).

INDEX

533

INDEX.

Abbot, B,, 79 ; C. 343.
Abercrombie, Sir R., 62, 70, 339.
Aberdeen, 34, 59, 125, 126, 254, 375, 464, 466.
Abinger township, 140.
Aboukir, 339.
Abraham, Plains, 53, 95, 315.
Abrey, G. B., 527.
Abyssinia, 322.
Achnacarry. 13.
Adala, 226.
Adams, W., iqo ; Capt. 446.
Addington county, 131-4, 96 ; Henry, 10, 41,
44, 1 16, 118, 275.
Addiscombe, zz.
Adelaide township, 320 — 106, 319; Queen, 23.
Adhelm, Bishop, 291.
Adirondacks, 92.
Adjala township, 226.
Admaston township, 80.
Adolphus, Prince, 50.
Adolphustown township, 147, 462.
Adrian, Emperor, 51.
Afghan, 137, 416.
Afghanistan, 93, 254, 412, 413.
Afridis, 413.
Agamemnon, ship, 244.
Aherlow, 94.
Ailesbury, see Aylesbury.
Ailsa, Marquis, 369.
Airy township, 486.
Aisaince, Chief, 419,
Alba, 392.
Albany, Duke, 145 ; City, 196 ; Regent, 396.
Albemarle township, 378—7 ; Ship, 245 ;
Earl. 353, 381, 383.
Alberbury, 165.
Albert, Prince, 406.
Albion township, 235 ; Ship, 127.
Aldborough township, 312.
Alexander, 235 ; Rev. J. L. 251.
Alexandrina, 149, 198.

Alfred township, 47; King, 2=;, 50, 121, 156,
212, 279, 301, 406.
Algeria, 459.
Algoma, 492, 528, 530.
Algona township, 94.
Algonquin, 94, 227, 286, 37c, 420, 482, 517;
Park, 493.
Alice township, 88.
Allan township, 525; 456 ; Senator, 241, 527 ;
Sir H. H., 413 ; Hon. W., 461, 510.
Allcock, Judge, 2S4,
Alma, 410.
Almonte, 98.
Almwich, Wales, 212.
Alnwick township, 179; Town, 174, 184, 486.
Alta, 392.
Alva, Duke, 343.
Amabel township, 377; Head, 11 1; Lady, 363,
Amaranth township, 239, 257.
Amelia, Princess, 151, 499.
Ameliasburg township, 151 — 490.
America, discovered by Madoc, 161.
Amerigo Vespucci, 2.
Amersham, 102.
Amherst Island township, 132 — 4, 106, 210 ;
Lord, 65, 71, 113, 175, 386.
Amherstburg, 4, 527.
Amiens, Peace of, 10.
Ampney Down, 161.
Ancaster township, 265 — n, 274; Heath, 83,
267 ; Duke, 164, 231, 279.
Ancholme, River, 266.
Ancrum, 19.
Andaman Islands, 169.
Anderdon township, 344,
Anderson slave case, 108, 428.
Andre, Major J., 65,
Andrew, Ship, 40.
Anglesea township, 138—128; Marquis, 75,
186, 338; Island, 94, 212, 240.
Anglia, 50, 302, 317, 382.

534

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Anglin, township, 498.
Angloen of Jutes, 264.
Angus, 437.
Anna, King, 317.
Annandale, 369.
Ann, Schooner, 106.
Anne, Queen, 58, 78, 80, 194, 409.
Anson township, 405; Admiral, 114, 217;
General, 410.
Anster, 190.
Anstruther township, 190; Mr., 136; Col., 175.
Antigua, 6t,
Antoninus, 265, 332.
Antrim county, 477.
Antwerp, 7, 317.
Apollo, 314.
Appleby, 116,
Arden Forest, 335
Ardens, W., 114.
Ardochy, 353,
Argenteuil, 180.
Argentine, de, 83.
Argyle. 375.
Arma, King, 302.
Armada, 243, 311, 328.
Armagh, 168.
Armour township, 451.
Arniston, 21.
Arnold, B., 53, 66, 220.
Arnprior, 90, 493.
, Aroostook, 92.
Arran township, 377 ; Isle, 373.
Artemisia township, 390 — 389.
Arthabaska, 464.
Arthur township, 255 ; King, 18 ; Prince, 26 ;
Wellesley, 246 ; Sir G., 467, 525,
Arundel, 119.
Ashburton Treaty, 135.
Ashby township, 142 ; Zouche, 160.
Ashe, 58.
Ashfield township, 370, 157.
Ashford, Baron. 379.
Ashkirk, 493.
Asphodel township, 182.
Assam, 93.
Assiginack township, 518.
Assikinack, J. B., 234, 519.
Athelstan, King, 18, 310.
Athlumney, Baron, 203.
Athol township, 154 ; Duke, 16, 100, 261, 345,
448.
Atlas, 392.

^Vtterbury, Lord, 152.
Auchmar, 90
Auckland, Lcird, 205.
Audleigh, W. de, 362.
Audley, Lord, 82,
August-! township, 30—108 ; Princess, 147 ;
City, 321.
Augustinian, 238.
Augustus, Prince, 51, 133, 148.
Aurelia, 229.
Australia, 9, 354. 432, 439.
Austrian, 12, 100.
Ava, Marquis, 236.
Avington, 102.
Avon, River, 335.
Aye township, 128.
Aylesbury, Lord, lor, 141, 143.
Ayr, 59. 373.
Baby, Hon. J., 285.
Bacon, F., 201.
Baden, 240.
Badenoch, 307.
Badger, Ship, 392,
Baffin's Bay, 85,
Baginton, 80.
Bagot township, 78; Sir C, 81, 139, 203, 253,
427, 508 ; Lady, 104.
Baillie, Captain, 34S.
Balaclava, 93. 101, 140, 337, 410.
Balcarres, Earl, 378.
Baldwin, 49, 427 ; R., 282, 284, 334, 385, 422,
474- 476. 510. 520.
Balgowan, 100.
Ballantyne township, 512, 493.
Ballymans, 171.
Ballymote. 166.
Balsam Lake, 205,
Baltic, 311, 384.
Baltimore, 504,
Banda, 97.
Bangor township, 172.
Bangs, J. K,, 496.
Banks, W. J., 334.
Banks' Land, 172.
Banna, 522.
Bannock, 107 ; Burn, 376,
Barbadoes, 64, 66.
Barham. J. F., 126 ; Lord, 300.
Baring, Gould, 214, 393.
Barlow, Joel, 185, 358.
Barnabee, Drunken, 194,
Barnard, Dr.. 499.

INDEX

535

Barney, Captain, 127
Barnhill's bed, ^53.
Baron, Sir H. W., 186.
Barr, Bishop, 307.
Barrie township, 127 ; Town, 432, 479 ; Field,
127; Island, 528; Commodore, ,^32,
Barron township, 491.
Barrow Strait, 441.
Barsham, 295.
Barton township, 266 — i, 274.
Bastard township, 40 ; R., 39,
Bastia, 244.
Bath, 231, 247, 308, 429, 441, 521.
Bathurst township, 73; Lord, n, 60, 66, 68,
6g, 78, 91, rSo, 213, 220, 262, 269, 350, 351,
420, 531 ; District, 98, 109.
Battle. 43,
Battock, Mount, 375.
Bavaria, 303.
Bawdsey Haven, 312.
Baxter township, .126 ; R., 39.
Bayfield, Captain, 442.
Bayham township, 308 ; Viscount, 134.
Bayley, N., 212.
Beaconsfield, Lord, 125,
Beamsville, 515.
Beatty, D,, 437; Bros., 442.
Beaty, J.. 477.
Beauchamp, 334, 336, 388.
Beaufort, Duke, 57, 104, 304, 399,
Beauharnois, 354.
Beaumond, 279,
Beaumont, de, 185.
Becket, T,, 127, 292, 295.
Beckwith township, 65.
Bede, 301, 317.
Bedford township, 121 ; Duke, 60, 269; Shire,
211 ; Basin, 263.
Beech House, 345.
Beechwood, 338, 365.
Begeham, Abbey, 308.
Behring's Strait, 172.
Belcher, Captain, 384.
Belfast, 477, 505.
Belgium, 74, 247, 318.
Bell, Bessie, 188 ; J., 505.
Bellerophon, Ship, 432.
Belleville, 137, 156, 230, 258, 443, 476, 495. 503.
505. .514-
Bellingham, S., 180.
Belmont township, 185 ; Farm, 259.
Beloeil, 46.

Beman, E., 419,
Bengal, 155, 205, 253, 410, 412, 416.
Bengough, J. W., 268, 468.
Bennett, J., 162 ; G., 476.
Benson, 358.
Bentinck township, 386 ; Lord W., 27 ; W.
H. C, 119.
Beorford, 291.
Berkeley, Bishop, 173 ; Lord, 178 ; Admiral,
igg ; Sophia, 406.
Berlin, 12, 133, 460, 500.
Bermuda, 66.
Berne, 281.
Bersted, 280.
Berthwold, King, 291.
Bertie township, 279 — 274, 426; Sir P., 165.
231, 265, 295.
Berwick, 174, 179, 219, 431. 435.
Bessborough, Countess, 231.
Bethlehem, 400.
Bethune township, 444 ; Sir H., 381 ; Bishop,
428 ; Mrs., 522.
Beverley township, 264 — 242, 449, 525 ;
House. 528.
Bewcastle, 514.
Bexley township, 204 ; Lord, 363.
Bhartari, 137.
Bickerstaffe, 361.
Biddulph township, 322 — 350.
Bidwell township, 520.
Bienville, 45.
Biggar township, 504.
Billings township 523.
Binbrook township, 265 — 274.
Birchall, R., trial, 504.
Birmingham, 402, 436.
Biscay, Bay of, 23.
Bishop township, 499, 493 ; of Quebec, 27.
Black, A. and C, 376.
Blackett, Mi'js S., 392,
Black Joke, Brig, 336.
Blackmere, 221.
Blackwater, 341, 344.
Blackwood, Hon. F. T., 236.
Bladud, King, 277.
Blair township, 479.
Blake, Barber, 163; E., 444, 454, 464. 468,
470, 514 ; W. H., 451, 530 ; S. H., 509.
Blancminster, 221.
Blandford township, 304 ; Marquis, 20, 113;
Forum, 40; Park, 57.
Blanshard township, 351.

536

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Blantyre, .117.
Blaquiere, P. B., 106.
Blenheim township, 303 — 446, 487; Castle, 57.
Bletchingley, 125.
Blithefield township, 79,
Blore Heath, 82.
Blucher, General, 256, 318.
Blythe, River, 311,
Bolingbroke, Viscount, 78.
Bolton, 496.
Bombay, 389.
Bond Head, 504.
Bonfield township, 516.
Bonner, Bishop E., 302.
Book of Invasions, 241.
Bora, Catharine von, 238.
Borneo, 334, 383, 384.
Borough English, 277, 344.
Bosanquet township, 336 — 350.
Boscawen, Admiral, 104, 114.
Boston, 23, 64, jog, 124, 153, 185, 262, 278,483.
Boswell. J., 442.
Bosworth, 385.
Bothwell, 454. 473, 488, 495.
Bouchette, J., 33, 183, 391, 517.
Boultbee, A., 447.
Boulter township, 514,
Boulton, H. J., 109, 282, 362, 427. 461, 462,
Bourke, R. S., 169.
Bourne, 187.
Bowell, Sir i\I., 464.
Bower township, 494-493,
Bowman, I., 450.
Bowmanville, 494.
Bow Park, 475.
Bowyer, Admiral, 392.
Boyd township, 508 ; 377.
Boyne, River, 83, 272, 356.
Bracebridge, 497.
Brackley, Baron, 526.
Braddock, General E., 132.
Bradford, Earl, 125.
Braithwaite, Admiral, 392.
Brampton, 515.
Bramstone, W., 423.
Branchaud, M., 354.
Brandenburg, 12,
Brandon, C, 164, 280 ; Duke, 377.
Brant county, 289—204, 216, 242, 257, 291,
425, 449, 478.490; township, 374; J. ,56,158.
Brantford township, 291 ; City, 289, 423, 425,
450. 475' 489. 5"9-

Brasenose College, 300.
Brathwayth, R., 194.
Bray, E., 526.
Brazil, 91.
Breadalbane, Earl, 77.
Bredenhill, W. de, 102.
Breifne, 195.
Bremner, A., 457.
Bretten, 240.
Bright, John, 439,
Brighthelm, Bishop, 176,
Brighton township, 176, 495 ; city, 158,
Brigland, Miss M., 498.
Bristol, Earl, 207 ; Channel, 398 ; City, 443.
British Columbia, g6, 104, 496,
Broadlands, 124.
Broad River, 388.
Brock township, 213; General, 113 225, 252,
284 ; District, 306, 480.
Brockville, 96, 103, 107, log, 214, 368, 430, 438,
489. 523,
Bromfield, 423.
Bromhall, 372.
Bromley township, 79 — 78.
Bronson township, 496.
Bronte, Duke, 244.
Brooke township, 334 ; Sir J., 383, 384. \
Brookes, Mrs., 64,
Brotherton, 213 ; Earl, 301.
Brotier, 318.
Brougham township, 86—7.
Brown township, 475; Mr., 306; George,
369. 450, 474, 480 ; M. J.. 473 ; G.K., 513.
Browne, Sir W,, 32.
Browning, R., 431.
Broxbournbury, 336.
Bru, or Brew, River, 406.
Bruce county, 371—^37, 378, 437, 447 ; town
ship, 376 ; Sir G., loi ; R., 188, 257, 369,
37S ; D-. 315 ; L*'idy E.. 357 ; Sir E., 374,
375' 385 ; ^^¦' 469-
Brundenell township, 101 — 93; George, 64;
Lord, 157.
Bruges, 102, 191.
Brunei township, 433.
Brunswick, 19, 248 ; Duke, 404.
Brussels, 75.
Bruton township, 406—396.
Brutu«, 298, 487.
Bryce, 447.
Brydges, 102, igi.
Buade, Louis de, 112,

INDEX

537

Buccleugh, 65. 3g8.
Buchanan township, 90 ; P., no.
Buck, E., 472.
Buckhaven, 403.
Buckingham, Duke, 28, 48, 81, 102, igi, 3og,
342. 374, 409 ; library, 241 ; E.irl, 363.
Buell, W,, 103, 214 ; N., 430.
Buller, C, 333.
Bullfrog, yacht, 128.
Bulwer, Sir E. L., zz^z.
Bunduica, 343.
Bunker's Hill, 155, 223, 270, 392,
Bunyan, J,, 122.
Burdett, Sir F., 81, 86, 283.
Burford township, 291 — 292, 309.
Burgess township (south), 41 ; (north), 72.
Burgh, EHzabeth de, 52.
Burghley House, 278.
Burgoyne, General, 109.
Burke, E., 136, 190, 298, 312 ; John, 345.
Burleigh township, 187 — 128 ; Lord, 277, 327.
Burlington Beach, 218 ; Canal. 248 ; bay,
261 ; village, 289.
Burmese, 413.
Burnham Thorpe, 244.
Burns township, 108; R., 59; Judge, 428, 480.
Burpee township (P.S.D.). 463, (M.I.), 527.
Burton township, 469; R. F., 137.
BurweU, Col. A. H., 308.
Bury, 189, 232, 343, 382 ; Lord, 7, 379, 383.
Bute, Lord, 44, 380, 391.
Butler, killed in Crimea, 106 ; F., 470.
Butt township, 501, 504.
Byron, Lord, 14, 34, 75, 120, 263, 294, 325,
409, 430, 523.
Bytown, 91.
Cabul, 412, 416.
Cadiz, 243, 394.
Caermarthen, 389, 431,
Ceesar, J., 50, 229, 298, 324.
Caffre War, 411.
Ca'field, 257.
Cairo, 236.
Caistor township, 269 — 274, 283 ; Town, 265.
Caithness, 480, 489, 494, 4g8, 509.
Calcutt, Capt., 443.
Calcutta, 319, 413.
Caledon township, 235.
Caledonia township, 47, 235, 269.
Calgary, 227.
California, 200, 439, 446, 460.
Calvi, 244.

Calvin township, 515.
Camarriens, 14.
Cambray, Archbishop, 202.
Cambridge township, 50 ; University, 27,32,
99, 116, 125, 272, 402, 4gi ; Duke, 147 ;
Town, 263.
Camden township, (east), 134; (west), 32g ;
S. C, 155 ; W., 205, 264; Marquis, 308,
365.
Cameron township, 506 ; Clan, 13 ; Sir E., 14;
Sir M, C, 104, 368 ; Mr., 306 ; Hon. M.,
334 ; A., 430.
Campbell township, 524 ; Clan, 76 ; F. M.,
155 ; T., 289 ; W. W., 314, 321 ; Sir C,
410, 413 ; Sir A., 442 ; Sir W., 527 ;
Lord, 532.
Campbellfordt 516.
Camulodunum, 343.
Canada Company, 248, 259, 350, 507, 526.
Canboro township, 283.
Canby, B., 283,
Canisbay township, 489 — 480, 493, 498,
Canniff, Dr. W.. 5,258, 453.
Canning, G,, 44, 78, 119, 125, 131, 275, 298,
3'^'^' 33I' 361. 383. 403. 416.
Canonto township, 129.
Canterbury, 24, 205, 301.
Canute, King, 25.
Capel, Lady C, 410.
Cape of Good Hope, 384, 412.
Cape Rouge, 64.
Car, 472.
Caractacus, King, 25. 316,
Caradoc township, 316 ; King, 25, 317 ; Ship,
105; J. H., 317.
Carden township, 206.
Cardiff" township, 397.
Cardigan, Lord, 64, loi, 140 ; Shire, 141, 219.
300.
Cardwell township, 439 ; Division, 457.
Caria, 390.
Carleton county, 53, 63, 91 ; Sir G., 66, 176,
193, 207, 270, 281, 452, 310, 326; Hall,
Carling township, 457 ; Sir J., 104.
Carlisle, 51, 318.
Carlo, 188.
Carlow township, 171.
Carmichael, House, igo.
Carnarvon township, 522 ; Shire, 162, 172 ;
Earl, 388, 469, S3Z ; Town, 400.
Carnock, 373, 375.

538

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Carolina, 217 ; S., 155; N., 290.
Caroline, Queen, 86, 203 ; of Denmark, 199.
Carrick township, 372 ; Coast, 143, 369 ;
Countess, 36g.
Carrington, Baron, 336.
C.irrying Place, 504.
Carsiol, 167.
Carson, Lieut., 128.
Cartwright township. 196.
Cashel township, 167; Borough, 232.
Cassius, 487.
Castlebar, 169.
Castleditch, 381.
Castlereagh, Lord, 284, 363.
Castleton, 414.
Cataraqui, 112, 427, 524.
Catharine, of France, 164 ; Brandon, 280.
Cathcart, Lord, 16, 100, 154, 375 ; General,
411.
Catwater, Drain, 279.
Cauchon, Hon. J. E., -^oo.
Causenna;, 265.
Causennis, 267.
Cavan township, 195, 272, 452, 494, 505.
Cavendish township, i8g ; Lady D., 120 ;
Lord, 271, 354 ; Col,, 272 ; Sir J., 382.
Cawarden, 206.
Cawnpore, 27, 413.
Cayuga township, 285 ; Village, 202.
Cecil, W., 187.
Cedric the Saxon, 25.
Celebes, 384.
Cenulph, King, 205.
Cethlenn, Isle, 33S.
Ceylon, 413, 416.
Chaffey township, 438.
Chaleurs, Bay, 3.
Chalmers, T,, 190.
Chamberlain, Dr. T,, 449.
Chambers, 14.
Chambly county, 45.
Champlain, Canal 433 ; S., 482.
Chandos township, igi; Duke, 48, 102, 220.
Chapman township, 45g.
Charlborough, 57.
Charlbury, 57, 304.
Charlemagne, ig.
Charles I., King, 51, 55, 166 212. 243, 265, 280.
310. 335. 343. 347. 398, 424 ; n , 17, 34,
102, 159, 30'. 328, 398, 424 ; v., 404 ;
XIL, i8a ; Prince, 77.
Charleston, 271.

Charlevoix, Rev. P. F. X., 348.
Charlotte, Queen, 12, 30, 117, 146, 263. 294,
405 ; Lady, 60 ; Princess, 145, 283, 294.
Charlottenburg township, 12.
Charlotteville township, 294, 452.
Chartiere, Hon. M. E., 458.
Chateauguay, 45.
Chatham township, 32g — 488 ; Lord, 2g, 115,
135, 143, 2ig, 27g, 2g7 ; Town, 224. 324.
Chats, Rapids, go.
Chatterton, T,, 475.
Chaucer, G., 32, 310.
Chaundra, 97.
Chelmer, River, 344.
Chelsea, 146, 211, 325.
Cheltenham, 46.
Chesapeake, River, 64.
Chester, Col., 106; City, 206 ; Bishop, 220.
Chesterfield, Earl, 125, 408 ; Town, 435,
Chevalier de St. George, 17,
Cheyne, Family, 102.
Chicago, 462, 518.
Chichester, 74, 292.
China. 132, 372, 384, 432.
Chinguacousy township, 234.
Chinsurah, 413.
Chippewa, 89. 225, 234, 274, 369, 419. 425.
Chipping Wycombe, 37.
Chisholm township, 515.
Chislehurst, 135, 295, 345.
Chitambos, 417.
Cholmondely, 244,
Christian, Bruce, 3S5.
Christie township, 448 ; R., 68.
Chrysler's Farm, 96, 42S.
Churchill, J., 58, 303.
Cian, 161.
Cicero, 200.
Cirencester, 55.
Cistertian Abbey, 373 374.
Civilis, C, 318,
Clancy township, 488.
Clanricarde, Earl, 296
Clara township, m.
Clare, G. de, 52 ; county, 1S8.
Clarence township. 51 ; Duke, 23, 320.
Clarendon township, 126, 128, 515 ; Earl, 57,
2or, 304, 310, 409.
Clark, Judge. 259 ; Dr. D., '46.
Clarke township, 193—259; T., 443,
Claude, G. or L., 188.
Claudius, Emperor, 321, 328, 332.

INDEX

539

Claus, Col. W.. 72.
Claverhouse, 154.
Claverton, 73.
Clee Hill, 316.
Clifford. 51, 87 ; Lord, 304,
Clinton township, 269—274; Sir H., 49, .5^,
65. ^55 ; Sir W. H., 136 ; Family, 275 ;
Lord, 279.
Clitheroe, 440.
Clive, Lord, 118.
Cloche Island, 522 — 493.
Cobham, Lord, 29,
Cobourg, 259, 452, 472.
Coburg, 149, 198, 320.
Cochrane, Sir T., 68.
Cockburn Island township, 531 ; Schooner,
127 ; A. P., 421, 422.
Cocker, 474.
Cockermouth, 140.
Cockin, H. K., 164 — 211.
Cockpen, 69.
Cocks, Hon. A. M., 378.
Coilsfield, 59.
Colborne township, 365 ; Sir J., 206, 247,
338, 462,
Colbrand, 335.
Colchester township, 342; Town, 344.
Colden, C, 112.
Coldingharn, 317.
Coldstream Guards, 356, 411.
Coldwater, 229.
Cole, G. i6g ; Sir G. L., 337.
Coleshill, 207.
CoUingwood township, 392; Lord, 122.
Collins, A., .=,
Colne, River, 212, 342.
Columbus, C, 421.
Colun, River, 316.
Colville, Sir J., 373.
Combermere, Lord, 493.
Conaclon, Verse, 241.
Conger township, 443.
Congleton, 8i.
Connaught, 167.
Connecticut, 107, 395,
Connemara, 189.
Connin, Dr. F., 181.
Conolly, killed in Crimea, 106.
Conrad IL, Emperor, 404,
Constable, Family, 264.
Constance, de B., 264; Council of, 401.
Constantinople, 236.

Contades, General, 404.
Cook, Capt. J., 223.
Cooke, Sir G., 412; Rev. W,, 512
Cooper, Sir A., 99.
Cope, J., 488.
Copenhagen, 104, 244. 432.
Corbet, G., 44Q.
Cork, 183, 501.
Cornwall township, 17 — 445; county, i6[, 223.
Cornwallis, Lord, 63, 270. .
Corsham, 161, 188.
Corsica, 253, 339.
Corunna, 206, 207, 339, 355, 365.
Cotterstock, 223.
Coventry, 259, 353.
Cowden-knows, 292.
Cowes, 421.
Cowley, A,, 135 ; Lord, 260.
Cowper Island, 450 ; Countess, 125 ; W., 302.
Crabbe, G., 312,
Craig, Sir J., 284.
Craigie, William, 451.
Cramahe township, 176 — 193 ; H. T,, 45.
Cranmer, Archbishop T., 205.
Crawford, J., 470.
Creasy, E. S., 256.
Credit VaUey, 443, 515,
Crevecceur, H. de, 329.
Crimea, 93, 94, 96, 97, loi, 105, 125, 126,
140, 187, igi, 220, 253, 317, 410, 412, 415.
Croft township, 460.
Crofts, J., 3g9.
Croker, J. W., 443.
Cromarty county, 85, i2g.
Cromwell, (Williams), 122 ; O., 160, 271, 272,
347. 374. 398, 403. 436. 475-
Crooks, Hon. J., 445.
Crookshank, street, 527.
Croom, 338.
Crosby township, 40—107.
Crowland township, 278 — 274.
Crown Point, log.
Croyland, 278.
Crozier, F. R. M., 85, 432,
Crusoe, Robinson, 406.
Cuba, 380.
Culloden, 10, 113, 380; Baron, 147,
Culross township, 373, 374, 375.
Cumberland township, 51 ; Duke, g, 13, 133,
309, 366; county, 208, 355, 388.
Cumbria, 51, 318.
Cumming-Bruce, 357, 371.

54°

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Cunningham, Rev. Dr. 487.
Curacoa, 162.
Curotte, M. and A., 114.
Curzon, 115; Mr., 372,
Cuthbert, King, 292.
Cyprus, 382.
Dale, D., 62 ; Park, 360.
Dalhousie township, 68 ; Lord, 27, 66, 67,
71, 93, 262, 531.
Dalloun, Lee, 107.
Dalton township, 208; Dr. J., 165, 189; E.,
474-
Daly. Col. J. C. W., 349.
Danby, Earl, 57, 304.
Dangan, Castle, 246, 260.
Danube, River, 180.
Danvers, H., 304.
D'Arcy, Lady A., 34.
Dardanelles, 433.
Dardanus, 390.
Dargan, W., 502.
Darling township, 71,
Darlington township, 194-196; Town, 434.
Dart, River, 407.
Dartmouth, Lord, 177
Daton, Mr , 309,
Dauphin, District, 494.
David, Prince, 160; King, 216,
Davin, N. F., 479.
Davis, T., 360 ; Judge, 503.
Davy, Sir H., 41, 165. 168, i8g.
Dawn township, 337.
Dawson township, 530.
Deacon township, 502.
Deal, 246,
Dean, 423.
Decamerone di Boccaccio, 20.
Decatur, Commodore, 207.
Dee, River, 206, 300.
DeFoe, D., 272.
Delany, 172.
Delaware township, 315 ; 229.
Delhi, 163,
Deloraine, 446.
Delta, 108.
Demarara, 410.
Denbigh township, 141.
Denmark, 67, 199, 268, 475.
Dennis, Col. J. S., 502, 526.
Dent, J. C, 152, 185, 231. 282, 365, 371, 462,
467. 477. 529-
Deondo, 233.

Deoraby, 385.
Deptford, 251, 300.
Derby township, 385 ; Earl, 361 ; Shire, 435.
Dereham township, 302.
Derry, 499.
De Ruyter, Admiral, 330.
Derwentwater, 392.
Desjardins, Canal, 1, 261.
Detroit, 3, 5, 177, 234, 348, 252, 426, 518.
Dettingen, 113, 380.
DeVere, 301.
Devine township, 499.
Devizes, 93, 184.
Devonshire, 39, 299, 407 : Duke, 120, 189 ;
Earl, 385.
Diana, 390.
Dickens township, 484,
Dickson township, 493; W., 258; Janet, 447;
A., 477-
Dido, Ship, 383.
Dierwald, 264.
Difyrrha, 332.
Digby township, 207 ; Admiral, 23 ; Rev. C.
204 ; Captain, 206 ; Earl, 414.
Dirlton, 396.
Disheove, 406.
Disraeli, B., 522.
Dochart, 76.
Dockstader, J., 283.
Doel, 208.
Doig, Miss J. P., 499.
Dolci, C, 188.
Dollardstown, 203,
Dollond, P., 41.
Donegal, 91, 501.
Dooden-Werd, 318.
Doran, Dr., 22.
Dorchester township (south), 310, (north),
313 ; Lord, 3, 4, 12, 43, 53, i77. 483 ;
Mount, 277.
Dorion, A. A., 369, 477, 480.
Dorothea, Queen, 12.
Dorpa, 332.
Dorset, 312 ; Duke, 404.
Dougl.is, Sir H.. 68, 472.
Douro, township, 184 — 7 ; Baron, 246.
Dover township, 332 ; Castle, 280 ; Town,
347. 393-
Downie township, 351 ; R., 350.
Dragon, Ship, 127.
Drake, Sir F., 140; B., 226, 240, 420.
Draper township,424; Judge, 428, 462,520.529.

INDEX

541

Dresden, 337, 488.
Drogheda, 356.
Drogo, de Monteacuto, 65.
Droitwich, 292.
Drumcor, 456.
Drummond township, 70 ; Island, 128, 528,
532 ; Sir G., 140 ; Heathcote, 280 ;
county, 464.
Dryburgh, Abbey, 397.
Dryden, J., 135; E., 506.
Dublin, 87, 102, 217, 246, 308, 500.
Dubris, 332.
DuChaillu, Paul, 417, 485.
Dudley township, 402 — 396; R., 141 ; J-, 382;
Lord, 390.
Dudo, 402.
Dufferin county, 236-257; Rifles, 511.
Dugdale, Sir W., 80, 316 ; T., 399.
Dumbarton, 375.
Dumfries township, (north) 257, (south)
292—242, 448,
Dummer township, 185.
Dunbar, Earl of March, 21.
Duncan, Admiral, 114; King, 192.
Duncannon, Lord, 353,
Duncombe, W., 258, 466.
Dundalk, 317, 418, 468.
Dundas county, ^—4* 444! Creek, i ; H.,
20, 56, 115, 116, 118, 193, 224, 330, 355,
532; Town, 99, 204, 218, 453, 506.
Dunfermline, 423.
Dungannon township, 168 ; Viscount, 246.
Dunkirk, 146.
Dunlop, Dr., 248 ; C. R., 503-
Dunmore, Lord, 64, 372.
Dunn township, 283.
Dunwich township, 311.
Durand, G., 339; C, 462, 467,
Durham county, 192—4, 198. 216, 259, 408,
425, 452, 491. 494; Lord, 27, 41, 86, 333,
365. 371. 388, 393 : City, 301. 37°, 4^3 :
Village, 495, 514-
Dutton, Family, 414.
Dyaks, 383.
Dysart, township, 403—396.
Eaglesfield, 208.
Easthope township. J52-
Eastnor township, 381.
Ebraucus, 216.
Eccleshall, 80.
Ecgfrith, King, 317.
Eden, Giivernor, 64.

Edenham, 280.
Edgar township, 496 : Lady, 251, 427 ; Sir
J. D-. 459.
Edinburgh, 22, 86, 97, 117, 211, 258, 373,
381, 407, 422, 435, 475, 487, 495, 499.
Edmonton, 227, 488.
Edmund, King, 382.
Edward I., King, 141, 178, 211, 267, 296,
3". 372, 382, 400, 409, 523 ; IL, 55. 342 ;
HI., 52, 315 ; IV., 55, 142, 166, 207 ;
VL, 121, 141, 187, 268, 272 ; Black
Prince, 18 ; Prince, see Prince Edward ;
of Scotland, 179 ; Confessor, 276, 314 ;
Elder, 343. 344.
Edwardsburg township, 30, 96.
Effingham township, 140 ; Earl, 53, 71, 325.
Eganville, 516.
Egerton, Hon. A. F., 361.
Egfrid, King, 192, 317.
Eglinton, Earl, 59.
Egremont township, 388 ; Earl, 333.
Egypt, 62, 70, 100, 254, 361, 365, 525.
Eisleben, 238.
Ekfrid township, 317.
Elba, 244.
Elderslie township, 376.
Eldon township, 202—7 ! Lord, 205, 232, 365.
Eldor.ido, 515
Elgin county, 307 — 4, 313, 455 ; Lord, 42,
333. 357. 371. 374. 375. 4i6-
Elibank, Baron, 174.
Eliot, Family, 161 ; Sir G., 253.
Elizabeth, Queen, 35, 135, 141, 161, 164, 187,
192, 194, 206, 211, 260, 280 295, 327. 328,
33°. 342, 343. 346 ; II.. 198 ; de Burgh.
52*
Elizabethtown township, 35 — 214,
Ellerslie, 376.
Ellesmere, 401 ; Earl, 32, 82.
Ellice township, 353 ; E., 9, 170
Ellerbeck, 439.
Elliot, Sir H., 136; 472.
Elliott, Captain, 339; M., 515.
Elma township, 357 ; Lady, 371.
Elinore, 123.
Elmsley township (south), 41, (north). 70
Judge, 153; Hon. J., 461.
Elora, 136, 251.
Ely, Isle, 317, .377.
Elzevir township, 162.
Embro Courier, 306.
Emily township, igg ; Gore, 183.

542

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Ems, 214, 441.
England, Sir R., 411.
Enniskillen township, 337 ; Earl, 363.
Ennismore township, 183.
Epsom, 91.
Eramosa township, 249 — 242.
Erebus, Prince, 54 ; Ship, 85. 432.
Eresby, 280.
Erfurt, 238.
Erie, Lake, 3, 224, 273, 313, 348 ; Division.
449.
Erin township, 250, 188, 235, 242.
Ermatinger, E. , 309.
Ermin, Street, 26fj.
Ernest, Prince, 51, 133, 366,
Ernestown township, 133—96.
Erol, 16.
Errol, 451.
Erskine, T., 348, 466.
Escott township, 37.
Eshtaol, 305,
Esk or Eske, River, 68, 210,
Essex county, 341 — 4, 27, 324, 326, 327. 342,
44S. 455 ; Earl, 161, 296.
Estreford, 344.
Et township, 128.
Ethelbald, King, 279, 292, 414.
Ethelbert, King, 414.
Etheldreda, Princess, 317.
Ethelred, King, 280, 291.
Etobicoke township, 218.
Eton, 287, 298.
Ettrick, 76, 472.
Eugene, Prince, 58.
Euphemia township, 334 — 329, 508.
Euphrasia township, 392.
Euxine, Sea, 332.
Evans, killed in Crimea, io6 ; Mr.. 493.
Everett, Capt. R., 476.
Ewan, Janet, 495.
Excellent, Ship, 393.
Exeter, 33, 159, 224. 247, 275, 499; Marquis,
278 ; Hall, 304.
Eymouth, Baron, 58.
Eyre township, 411 — 396.
Fahy, F. A., 188.
Fairfax, Sir W., 204 ; Sir T. . 343, 347.
Fairy Lake, 421.
Falkirk, 376.
Falkland, Lord, 126.
Falmouth, 380.
Falstaff, 269.

Fane, Sir Vere, 269,
Faraday township, 168 ; Prof. M.,460.
Farrar, Archdeacon, 254.
Fastolf, 269.
Fathan, 241.
Fawkes, F., 310.
Felbridge, 298.
Fenian, 241, 434.
Fenelon township, 201 — 7, 205 ; Falls, 493.
Fenton, A. D,, 200.
Fergus, 373.
Ferguson township, 456; S., 167, 228 ; T. R.,
530-
Fergusson, 67, 479
Fermanagh, 338, 470, 516.
Fernham, Lady, 195.
Ferrariis, R. de, 385.
Ferrie township, 467.
Ferris township, 516.
Fife, 190, 318, 403, 437, 513 ; Earl, 373.
Finch township, 20 ; G. F. Hatton, 16.
Finlayson township, 490 — 493.
Fitchett, J., 47. 68.
Fitzgerald township, 501.
Fitzmaurice, W., 37.
Fitzroy township, 61.
Fitzwilliam, Countess, 263.
Flamborough townships, (E. and W'.),
264 — 242, 448.
Flanders, 138. 155, 246.
Flansburg, 264.
Flaxman, J., 33.
Flemings, 302, 343.
Flint, J. J. B., 137; B.. 476.
Flodden, 174.
Florence, 236, 415.
Flos township, 230.
Floyd. Sir J., 233.
Flynn, R., 123. 137.
Foley township, 450.
Folkstone, 86.
Fontenoy, 380.
Fontevraud, 264.
Forbes, D., 13.
Forest, Commodore, 29g.
Forester, Miss, 125.
Forfarshire, 72, 375.
Fort Erie. 213, 484.
Fort Frances, 446.
Forth, 67, 318, 373, 375, 403, 509.
Fort Royal, 148.
Fort William, 323.

INDEX

543

Foster, J. F. Barham, 126.
Fothergill, C, 7, 72, 123. 229, 230, 283.
Fox, C, 22, 28, 40, 45, 131, 135, 136, 157,
igo, 2q8, 331, 366 ; H., 143 ; Ship, 418 ;
Island, 4ig.
Foy, Captain, 45.
France. 44, 46, 77, 100, 112, 115, 121, 164,
*i86, 217, 243, 256, 269, 279, 315, 343, 346,
366, 392, 433, 458, 459, 463, 475. 477. 483.
513-
Francesca, 430.
Franciscan, 189.
FrankHn township, 432 ; Sir J., 85, 171, 181,
418, 441 ; B., 2i8 ; county, 233.
Frant, 308.
Fraser township, 95, 203, 322.
Fraserfield, 96.
Frederica, 16, 145.
Frederick, W. I., 12 ; Prince, 19, 75, 138,
145, 217; of Wurtemburg, 24 ; of Hesse,
35. 147; of Gloucester, 150; of Bruns
wick, 404.
Fredericksburg township, 145.
Fredericton, 66.
Freeman township, 437 ; S. B., 451.
Frenau, P., 531.
Frenchman's Bay, 202.
French River, 482, 532.
Frere, J. H., 383.
Freswick township, 498.
Fried, Miss L., 487.
Frobisher, Sir M., 140.
Frome, River, 310.
Frontenac county, 112—4, ng. lag. 515,
Fullarton township, 351 ; J,, 350.
Gadshill, 346.
Gage, T., 281.
Gainsborough township, 271 — 274.
Galashiels, 4g3.
Galileo, 165.
Galloway, Lord, 373.
Gait, 258; John, 152, 248, 351, 364.
Galway township, 188.
Gamble, Dr, J., 42g, 525.
Gananoque, 3, 4, 109.
Ganges, River, 416.
Ganong, Prof. W. F , 6, 8, 92, 124.
Garafraxa township (east). 237 ; (west) 252,
8, 242.
Garden Island, 516.
Gardiner, Col. J.. 13.
Gardner, Captain, 63.

Garneau, F, X., 177.
Garpal, River, 374.
Garry, Loch, g ; Fort. 530.
Gartmore, 516.
Gascoigne. Col. W. J., 361.
Gaudeloupe, 66, 366.
Gaul, 25, 318.
Geddes, Rev. J. G., 387.
George I., King, 12, 19. 58, 194, 360, 280 ;
II., 404; HI., f*, II, ig, 20, 21, 28, 30,
87, 117, n8, 136, 143, i5<;, 215,222,273, 294,
303. 385. 40s ; IV., 18, 53. 131, 138, 141,
176, ig8, 222, 294, 306, 337 ; of Hanover,
133 ; of Cambridge, 147.
Georgian Bay, 227. 257, 441, 482, 492
Georgina township, 222, ig8, 321.
Germain, Lord G.. 177-
Germany, 145, 148, 404, 453. 45g, 486.
Ghent, 57.
Gibraltar, 23, 31, 64, 100, 115, 148, 270, 33g.
Gibson township. 431 ; Mr., 237 ; Hon. D.,
442.
Gilmor, R.. 422.
Gilpin, J., 488.
Givins. Col J., 72, 153, 419.
Gladstone. W. E.. 385.
Glamorgan township, 3gg ; Shire, 32, 397.
Glanford township, 266—274.
Glasgow, 10, 62, 90, 217. 298, 339, 375, 376,
410, 417, 436.
Glean, River, 164.
Glen-colm-kill, 91.
Glenconway, 477
Glendower, 58.
Glenelg township, 389—495 ; Lord, no, 359,
427.
Glenfin, 501.
Glengarry county, 9—4, g6, 353, 429, 444,
515. 530 ; Chief, 13.
Glenquoich. 9, 354.
Glimpton, 269.
Gloster, 39, 54, 148.
Gloucester township, 54 ; county, N.B., 498 ;
Duke, 150, 160 ; Earl, 292,
Glover, R., 291.
Glyn, 165.
Goderich township, 362 ; town, 106, 248, 495 ;
Viscount, 273, 355, 359. 361, 378, 389, 403.
Godiva, Countess, 276,
Godolphin, Lord, 378.
Goethe, J, W., 137.
Goldsmith, O., 4g4.

544

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Goodwood, River, 75 ; Races, 143.
Gordon township, 526 ; Lord G., 17 ; Duke,
20, 75, 122, 174 ; Lady C, 59.
Gore, Sir J., 64 ; F., 71, 185, 218, 230, 242;
Mrs., 263 ; of Arran, 377 ; Bank, 467 ;
District, 506.
Goring. Lord, 343.
Gosfield township, 342.
Gosford, Green, 80.
Gossalyne, 328.
Gough, Lord, 27.
Goulbourn township, 57 ; H., 242, 259, 323.
Gourlay, R., 8, 83, 278, 282, 283.
Gowan, O. R., 103.
Gower township (south), 31, (north), 56 ;
John, 55 ; Sir G. G., 82 ; Seigniory, 390 ;
Lady A. L., 401.
Gowrie, Earl, 396.
Graeme, 68,
Grafton, Duke, 61, 199, 2S0, 409; R., 221.
Graham, T., 100.
Grahame, J., 154.
Grampians, 375.
Granby, Lord, 194.
Grand Isle, 113.
Grand River, 4, 95, 258, 281, 285, 291, 510.
Grant, G., 45 ; D. A., 114 ; C, 389 ; Rev. R.
N., 421.
Granta, 61.
Grantham township, 272 — 274 ; Town, 276 ;
Baron, 362.
Granville, Earl. 32.
Grattan township, 87—7 ; H., 331.
Gravenhurst, 420.
Great Fish, River, 172.
Great Western, ship, 433.
Gredington, 14.
Green, J. R., 29, 118, 156, 163, 2S8, 318, 331.
Greene, General N., 155.
Greenlaw, 431.
Greenock township, 374, 76, 436.
Greenwich, 348.
Gregory, King, 16, 230, 448.
Grenville county, 28 — 4, 42, 53, 57, 456 ; G.,
38, 122 ; Lord, 45, 48, n8, 131, 191, 298 ;
R., 116, 145.
Greville, 54, 334.
Grey township, 365 ; county, 383, 237, 257,
447, 495, 510. 513 : Eari, 81, 86, 125, 172,
218, 333, 353, 361, 367, 371, 390, 525. 532 ;
Gen., 254; Countess de, 273, 363, 378 ; Sir
W. de, 296; Lady J., 382, 403; SirC., 3q4.

Griffin, W. H., 93; G., 308, 376 ; Miss J., 432.
Griffith township, 93 ; Admiral, 127 ; Sir R,,
502,
Grimsby township, 268 — 274, 278, 445.;
Grimsthorpe township, 164 — 128, 187. 280.
Grimston, Lady K, 126, 201.
Grisi, Giulia, 431.
Gross, Miss I. E., 4g5.
Grosse Isle, 27,
Grosvenor, Lord F., 354,
Guelph township, 248 — 242, 350 ; House, 222 ;
City, 237, 423, 439. 455, 487.
Guernsey, 132, 213, 338, 365, 366.
Guichaud, Miss, 284.
Guido, R., 188.
Guilford township, 407 — 396 ; Earl, 136, 403.
Guillim, Miss, 221.
Gundulph, Bishop, 346.
Gurd township, 471.
Guthrie township, 487.
Guy, 23g, 335.
Gwent, Caer, 25.
Gwillimbury township, (east and north), 221;
(west), 224.
Gyles, 92.
Hackworth, T., 434.
Hagarty township, 102 ; J, H., 470.
Hagerman township, 461 ; Judge, 424, 429,
528.
Hague, The. 398.
Haldimand township, 177 ; county, 281, 283.
287, 289, 402, 426 ; Governor F., 3, 37, 44,
56. 63, 132, 157, 285, 297, 347, 427.
Hale, Mr., 285 ; Hall, 300.
Haliburton, District, 395 — 490, 492, 502, 527,
52g ; Mary, 66 ; Judge, 69.
Halicarnassus, 390.
Halifax. 68, 93, 148, 191, 199, 262.
Halkett, Sir C, 27.
Hall, Captain, 46 ; J., 446.
Halliday, IM., 494.
HalloweU township, 153, 443 ; B., 42, 124.
Hall's Corners, 269.
Halton county, 242 — 218, 256, 261, 2S9, 425,
456, 496.
Hamilton township, 177—193 ; City, i, 77, 90,
365. 379. 387. 451. 452. 454. 467. 480, 507,
S15 ; R., 273 ; DukL, 377.
Hammond, H., 212.
Hampstead, 64.
Hampton Court, 37, 168 ; Walk, 459.
Hanover, 19, 133, 147, 170, 404.

INDEX

54. S

Haqueville, 433.
Harburn township, 407 — 396.
Harcourt township, 401—396; Lad\', 141.
Harder. S. A., 490.
Hardinge, H. 460.
Hardwicke, Earl. 273, ^.^t,^, 362, 378, 381.
Hardy township, 478; Sir T. ls\.. igg; Hon
A. S.. 423, 425, 496, 509.
Hare, W.. 183.
Harold Ii, King, 156, 264, 315 ; Childe, 256.
Harrison township. 470; W. H., 51S,
Harrow township, 493.
Harvey township, 186 — 7 ; Sir J., 26, 163.
Harwich township, 326, 405, 501.
Hastings county, 155—4. 47^. So5' 5^4 : ^^'¦. \
54; Marquis, 75, 159, igo; Sir \\'., 142;
E., 160 ; Town, 205, 372.
Havana, zi,, 378.
Havelock township, 413 — 396; Prince, 268;
Sir H., 41 1.
Hawke, Lord, 114, 394.
Hawkesbury township, 44 ; Lord, 144.
Hawkins, Sir J., 140, 330; W'.. 42 r.
Hav township, 360 ; Lady E., 356.
Haycock, Miss E. F., 510.
Hayes, 116.
Head township, 110—507 ; Sir F. B., 42. 73,
77, 203, 344, 359. 365, 386, 427, 445, 508.
521, 525. 52S; Sir E. W., in, 372. 378,
381, 412.
Heathfield. 436.
Hebe, Frigate, 31.
Hecla. Ship. 441.
Hedding. Bishop, 453.
Hedon, 524.
Heine, H.. 145.
Helston, 41.
Hemans, Mrs. F. D., 400.
Hendershot Trial. 504.
Henderson, Col., 300.
Hengist, King, 269, 277.
Henry I., King, 186, 292, 338, 342 ; IL, 48,
127, 167, 216, 280, 303. 347 ; III,, 26,
58, 102, 142. 262. 272, 335, 382 ; IV..
v., 164, 398; VL, 55. ^44. 336; VIL, 26,
84, 121, 164. 334. 342, 362. 385 ; viif.
121, 122, 141, i6j, 164, 205. 260, 266, 267,
280, 2g5, 328, 346, 372 ; of Huntingdon, 277,
Heraud, A., 300,
Herault, 112,
Herbert, G. A., 83 ; S., loi, 415 ; C. W., m
H. M., 522.

Heredia, M. de, 340.
Hereford, 18, 322, 381 ; Duke, 80, 2g3.
Herodotus, 3go.
Herschel township, 169; Sir \V., 303
Hertford, Marquis, 178.
Hesse, 3, 36, 89, 147, 151.
Hewett, Sir W., 34.
Hexham, 174.
Hibbert township, 352.
Hill, A.. 246; Lord, 334 ; R., 372.
Hillier township, 15a.
Hilton, 493.
Himalayas, 372.
Himsworth township, 471.
Hinchinbrooke township, 122 ; Ship. 244.
392 ; Viscount, 348,
Hincks, Sir F., gg, 103, 107, 454, 470.
Hind, J. R., 486.
Hindon township, 409, 126.
Hindu, 137.
Hislop, J., 506.
Hoadly, Bishop B., 172.
Hobart, Lord, 33, 309.
Hobkirk's Hill, 155.
Hobson's Choice, 50,
Hochstet, 303.
Hodgins, T., 219, 505.
Hogg, J., 76, 154.
Holbein, J., 188.
Holland township, 391 ; 100, 146, 267, 339 ;
Landing, 467.
Holm, 44S.
Holmedale Canal, 511.
Holmes, 460.
Holroyd, J. B,, 135.
Home, 4, 472.
Homer, 182, 385.
Homfrey, 442.
Honiton, 32, 36, 40,
Hood, Lord, 23, 100.
Hope township, 193 ; Lady J., 22 ; The, 328,
Hopetoun, Lord, 22. 100, 159, 206, 355.
Hopkins, Johns, 504.
Horatius, 428.
Horner, Miss, 483.
Hornet, Ship, 122,
Horsley, 327.
Horton township, 81.
Hough, Dr., 233 ; R. de. 276.
Houghton township, 296 -287.
Howard township, 325, 49, 131, Lady M., 53 ;
H,, 71 ; C, 140.

546

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Howden, Lord, 317.
Howe Island township, n4, 4, 210 ; Earl, 64,
194, igg ; Sir W.. 270.
Howick township, 367 ; Lord, 362, 366.
Howland township, 521 ; Sir U'. P.. 439.
444 ; P-. 515.
Huckins, Miss E., 506,
Huddesford, 335.
Hudson's Bay, no, 323, 324, 353, 432, 456.
Hull, 88, gi, 117, 175, 265, 266,
Hullett township, 364 ; T., 350,
Humber, River, 266.
Humberstone township, 27S- 274.
Humboldt, Baron, 161.
Hume, J., 81, 134269; D., 187, 295.
Humphry township, 442.
Hungerford township, 160—156
Hunt, Mrs,, 522,
Hunter township, 495 — 493 ; Gen. P., 49.
Huntingdon, 121, 122, 204 ; Earl, 142, 155,
159; H., 277.
Huntington township, 159, 160.
Huntley township, 59, 437.
Huron county, 358 ; township, 374, 2, 322,
34g, 431, 499, 508 ; Tribe. 225, 344; Lake,
248, 313. 339. 419. 442. 482, 493, 518, 529,
532.
Huskisson, W., 56, 390.
Hyams trial, 504.
Hyde, Abbey, 26 ; Baron, 126, 409, 328.
Hyland Suit, 505.
Iberville, 45.
Iceland, 236.
lerne, 250.
Ila, 230.
Ilnla, 417.
Illinois, 218, 431, 517.
India, 68, 97, 118, 120. 136, 156, 163, 169, 246,
319. 372. 386, 4n, 413, 416. 432.
Indiana, 218, 431.
Indian Plain, 180.
Ingersoll, C, 309.
Inglis, Sir J. E. W., 413.
Innes, Col., 60.
Innisfil township, 227.
Inverary, 373.
Invergarry, 9.
¦ Inverness, g, 374, 389, 515.
Iowa, 95, 43T.
Ireland, 87, 116, i3g, 163, 166, 180; Sir G.
300.
Ireton, H,. 166.

2e8,
346,
VI. ,

.518.

Iroquois, _•, 95, 227, 233, 281, 285, 420,
Irvine, 467.
Isaac. King, 382.
Islay, 437.
Isleworth, 395.
Itchen, River, 25.
Itorton, 8t.
Ivel, River, 414.
Jackson, Andrew, 6g.
Jamaica, 23. 63. 194, 371, 387, 392.
James I., King, 50, 121, 164, 205, 207, ;
300, 366, 382, 409; II., 20, 58, 83,
392, 39g, 4og; III., 377: IV., 164;
17 ; C. C.,s; Bay, 492,
Japan, 307, 384.
Jaques, 450.
Jarvis, W., 154, 261, 282: S. P , 427, 461,
Java, 227.
Jay, John, 218.
Jeffries, Judge, 39, 310.
Jenkinson, C, 44; Lady C, 201.
Jenner, Dr. E., 55.
Jenyns, S., 408.
Jersey. Earl, 126, 333.
Jerusalem. 186.
Jervis, Sir J., 114, 244, 3q4.
Jesuits, n3, 285, 517.
¦Joan of Arc, 269, 415.
John, King, 26, 179, 301, 343. 362. 388 ; of
Gaunt, n, 160, 243, 401.
Johns Hopkins, 504.
Johnson, Sir W., 10, 132, 289 ; Sir J., 12 ;
S.. 442.
Johnstown, District, 96, 107, 109.
Joly township, 458.
Jones township, 108, 214,438; Rev. R.,
A.. 218; W.. 317; J., 339; Judge J., :
461 ; I., 414 ; Dr. P. E., 89, 92, 225,
229, 245, 250, 285.
Jonson, Ben, 207.
Joseph, Lake, 421.
Judah, 400.
Judith, 160.
Junius, 17, 38, 405, 424.
Jus township, 128.
Kahkewaquonaby, 245.
Kaladar township, 136 — 8, 123.
Kane, Paul, 518.
Kanmore, 80.
Kayc. Sir J. W„ 284, 3S6.
Kempenfeldt, Bay, 127.
Kendal, Duchess, 195.

, 62;
,386,, 226,

INDEX

547

Kenilworth, 335.
Kennebec township, 124 — 123, 493 ; River,
153-
Kennedy, 373.
Kennet, River, 160.
Kenny, Miss. 433.
Kenozha, 421.
Kensington, », 282.
Kent county, 324—4. no, 205, 266, 279, 334,
454. 475. 495. 508 ; Duke. 70, 261, 309,
363 ; Duchess, 406.
Kentish, Miss E., 27.
Kentucky, 210.
Kenyon township. 14—47; Lord, 31.
Keppel township, 384 — 7; A.. 120; Admiral,
199. 378, 383. 394-
Keppoch, 9.
Ker, J., 20.
Kernighan, R. K., (The Khan), 249.
Kerr, J. K, 444.
Kerry county, 183.
Ketchum, Jesse, 510.
Kew, Palace, 214.
Khyber, Pass. 413.
Kickham, C. J., 94.
Kielmansegge, ^ladam,. 195.
Kilbarchall, 495.
Kildare, 137. 171.
Kilgroggy, 195.
Kilkenny, 186, 502.
Killedar, 136.
Killiecrankie, 154.
KilUn, 76.
Killyleagh, Castle, 237.
Kimberley, 406.
Kinaybicoinini, 419.
Kincardine township, 375; Earl, 371.
King township, 220; J., 33, 491 ^If" 337-
Kinglake. A. W., 93, 105, 106, 187, 191,
410, 411.
Kingsford. Dr. W., 73, 231, 270, 323.
Kingston township, 117—42, ng, 429; city,
77, 127, 196, 224, 393, 427- 438. 465. 468,
480, 524.
Kinloss township, 374, 385-
Kinnel House, 76.
Kinross county, 187.
Kirby, W., 112, 148, 223, 264, 289, 319-
Kitley township, 3g, 40.
KnatchbuU-Hugessen, E., 473-
Knyphausen, Baron, 66.
Kossuth, county, 95.

Kurnaul, ^o^.
Labu.in, 384.
L;ichlne, 524.
Lacon, 201.
L.icy, Hugh, 141.
Lafontaine, L. H., 284, 334, 386, 520 ; Miss,
465-
La Hogue, 325.
La Jonquiere, Marquis, 46.
Lake township, 163 — 12; Lord, 186.
Lake of Bays, 421.
Lamartine, A., 201.
Lamb, W., 390.
Lambart, Family, 195.
Lambert, John, 46, 64, 149, 364 ; General,
69., Mr., 157.
Lambton county, 333, 334, 339, 455, 468, 475,
503, 508, 510 ; Lady M. L,, 371 ; Lady,
388; Mills, 521.
Lanark county, 63 ; township, 71 ; 349, 368,
508.
Lancaster township, n, 13, 46; House, 82,
216; Duchy, J26, 205, 211, 236, 243, 392,
440 ; county, 300 ; Sound, 441.
Lancelot, de Lac, 316.
Landor, W. S., 484.
Lang, A., 162.
Langan, P., 114.
Langhorne, Dr J., 404, 506.
Lansdowne township, 37 ; Marquis, 125.
Lapraik, J., 456.
LaSalle, R. C, 114, 150.
L'Assomption county, 464.
LaTour, 67.
Lauder township, 513; 4g4 ; M,, 190.
Launceston, 396.
Laurier township, 464 ; Sir W., 473, 481.
Lavant township, 74.
Law, R., 452.
Lawless Court, 326.
Lawrence township. 416; Brig. -Gen., 114.
Laxton township, 204.
Leabhar, Ghabhaltus, 241. *
Lear, E., 329.
Leavitt, T. W. H., 438-
LeBrun, J. L., 66.
Leccan, 166.
Leeds county, 34 ; township, 39, 4, 42, 96,
103, 107, 368, 456, 488 ; Duke, 144 ; city,
261.
Leek, 81.
Leggo, Anne, 439.

548

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Leg Lake, 420.
Leicester, 118, 161, 352, 400; Earl, 141, 186,
-97 ¦
Leigh, E. E., 274 ; A,, 430, >
Leighton Buzzard, 211,
Leiningen, Prince, 149.
Leinster, 172.
Leitrim, 512.
Leland, Mrs. F. , 200.
Lcly, Sir P.. 188.
Lemoine, J., 46; LeMoyne, 430.
Lenihan, M., 166.
Lennox county, 143 — 4, 96, 144; C, 60, 74.
102, 139, 145, 156; Lord G., 199; Lady
S., 231.
Lennoxville, 27, 497.
LeNord, 105.
Leofric, Earl, 276.
Leopardi, G., 337.
Lesbia, 222,
Lewes, 275,
Lewis, M. G., 409.
Leyden, 162.
Lichfield, 307 ; Earl, 405.
Liege, 58.
Limerick township, 166 ; 170.
Lincoln county, 267—1, 4, 261, 274, 312, 318;
Earl, 141, 269 ; inn, 147 ; Joe, 502.
Lindsay township, 3S1 ; town, 215, 491 ;
Lady E., 378 ; C, 462.
Lindsey, Earl, 280.
Lindum, 267.
Linton, Mr. 349.
Lionel, Prince, 52.
Lisburne, Earl, 219.
Lisle, A., 39; Sir G., 343.
Lister township, 503.
Listowel, Earl, 183.
Little John, 362.
Liverpool, 40, 439 ; Earl, 44, 131, 201, 205,
' 259, 322.
Livingstone township, 417.
Livy, 327.
Lizars, R. and K. M., 390.
Lloyd, Sir E., 37.
Lobo township, 322—239, 305.
Loch Goil, 372.
Lochiel township, 13,
Lochy, Loch, 14.
Locker, F,, 328.
Logan township, 354 ; Sir \V. E., 420, 524.
Logie, Judge A., g8.

London township. 321, 309, 330, 420, 451,
457; City, 21, 25, 40, 131, 142, 180, 206,
222, 300, 313, 346, 416, 418, 500
Londonderry, 94.
LongfelK>w, H. W., 8g, 94, 261, 276, 313.
Longford township, 208; Earl, 69, 246;
county, 184.
Long Island, 270,
Long Point. 3, 2^4. 437.
Longueuil township, 45; Baroness, 114.
L'Orignal, 47.
Ldrne, Marchioness, 183; Marquis, 236.
Lossin.cf, B. J., 109.
Lotbiniere, 458.
Loudoun, Lord, 113 ; Countess, 155 ; \'is-
count, 159.
Loughborough township, 117 — ng.
Louis XI\',, King. 14, 46; IV., 89; Princc,343.
Louisa, Queen, 145 ; Louise P., 183.
Louisbourg, 71, gs, 114, 132, 174, 391
Louisiana, 23, 520.
Lount township, 466; S., 529,
Louth township, 272, 266, 274.
Lovat, Lord, 13, 95.
Lovelace, Lord, 55 ; Col., 239.
Lovell, J., 92.
Lover, S,, 246.
Low, H., 384 ; P. 477.
Lowell, Institutf, 483.
Loyola. I., 387.
Lucan, Lord, loi, 104.
Lucas, Sir C, 343.
Lucius, Prince, 25, 314.
Lucknow, 97, 411, 413, 416.
Ludd, River, 272.
Ludlow, Castlu. 316,
Luhontan. Baron de, 518.
Luimenach, 166.
Lukin, R., 299.
Lundy's Lane, 70.
Luneburg, 3 ; Duke. 404.
Lupus, Hugh, 243.
Luther township, (east) 238, (west) 255—249;
i\I., 195, 201, 240.
Lutterworth township, 400.
Luvois, Due Eugene de, 327.
I^yell township, 483.
Lygdamis, 390.
Lyle, 315.
i-yiuloch township, 100; 188.
Lynn, King's, 288; 300; 362.
Lytton, Lord, 162.

INDEX

549

Maas, River, 318.
Macaulay township, 42S ; T. B., 9, 14. 18,
21. 35. 39i 116, 120, 131, 135, 187, 219.
269. 298, 319, 327, ^2,0, 387, jqg ; Sir J,,
424, 461.
Macbeth, 375.
Mat'Coll. E., 23b, 250, 427. 487, 4S8, 524.

MacLlonald, Glengarry, 9;
422. 450, 454, 4b8, 524 ;

Sir. J. A . 103,
Hon. J. S., 425.

450. 457. 477. 480, 507. 514, 52
Macdonell, Col., 9; 354, 515; Bisl
Macedonian, Ship. 207.
MacEvo^¦. Mi^s M.. 492.
Macliar township, 465.
Mai-hedash township, 230.
.Machiavel, 201.
MacKenna's Dream, 272.
Mackenzie. township. 468; \V. L,

no, 20S,

360. 386, 529 ; Hon. A., 449, 463. 473,
474. 498, ,S^4 : ^r. 497 ; ^"" A., 515.
Mackinaw. 181.
MacMartin, 14.
Macnamara, LaJs S., 1S3.
Madawaska, 79, 92, 129.
Maddocks, Mr , ib2.
Madoc township, i6r.
Madrid, 273. 317.
Ma;ander, Sliip, 384.
Mahnoo, 240.
Mahon, Lord, 2^7, 408.
Mahratta, 163, 186, 413.
Maidstone township, 346; z'Su.
Maine, 92, 124, 125, 127, 153, 173, 244.
Mair, C, 225.
;\faitland. Sir P , 5, b8, 123, 12S, 1^2, 165. 1S4.
185, 187, 228. 239, 242, 252, 305. 420. 462 ;
Lady S , 60, 74, 77, 122, 139, 199. 230.
Malacca, 93, 432.
Malahide township, 308.
Malay, 383.
Malcolm, II. , King, 179; Eari, 373.
Maiden township, 344 ; Fort, 345, 466.
Malta, 91, 100, 156.
Mamate, 226.
Man, Isle. 345, 385.
Manchester, Duke. 60, 68, 122 ; Earl, 63, 272;
Town, 153, 208, 393, 423.
Mangan, J, C. 166.
Mangerton, 351.
Manitoba. 368, 426. 450, 465, 476, 530.
Manitoulin, Islands, 5E7-72, ^y^, 485. 518.
5ig, <;27, 528, S2g, 532.

Manitowaning, 5ig.
Manners, Family, 404.
^I.iiining, Cardinal H. E., 345.
Mansfield,' Earl, 14, 16, 64, 135, 220, 331.
Manvers township, 196.
Maolmura 241.
iMaori, 413.
IMara township, 214.
Marblehead, (13.
March township, 58; Earl, 21.
Marclimont, 26.
^larest, Jesuit, 517.
Margaret, Queen, 164, 37J
Maria township, in.
M.irinerito, Brig, 336.
Mariposa township, 200 — 205.
IMarkliaiii township, 219; Rev. W., i6,
Markland, G. H., 285.
iMailbo rough township, 57 ; Ship, 63 ; IHike,
83, 113, 180, 288, 303. 304, 380.
Marmora township, 161.
Marr\att, F. S., 384.
-Marsala, 293.
.Marsh, the, 316; Rev. D., 3,^7.
Marston, 276,
Marter, Dr. P . 425.
^Martin, Archer, 354.
Martinique, 66, 148, 366, 394.
I\rai\', Oueens, 17, 3v 14', 142. 164, 382,
402, 409; Princess, 54, 147, 150; High
land, 59 ; Yacht, igg.
Maryborough township, 253 ; Lord, 260, 3,^6.
Mary Lake, 421.
Maryland, 426.
]Mar)-sburg township, 150 — 149, 153.
Mason, \V., 391, 484.
Massachusetts, 453, 463, 521, 523.
Massc), H., 528.
Master township, 487.
Matilda township, 24 ; 199.
Mattawatchan township, g2,
Matthews, P., 467.
i\Iausolus, King, 390,
Mayo township, 169.
Maypole, the, 194.
iMcCady, 123.
?^tcCaig, D„ 2+7.
:\lLCann, I\L J., 172.
McCaul, Rev. Dr. J., 475-
McClintock township, '418 ; Captain, 171.
McClure township, 171.
McConkey township, 479.

550

NOTHING BUT NAMES

McCraney township, 495.
JMcCrea, Jane, 109,
McDonald, A., 180; 493; K.. 495,
McDougall township, 455; Hon. W., 422,
519-
McGee, D'Arcy, 104.
McGill, 445.
McGilli^¦ray township, 322, 350.
McGregor, E., 334 ; C, 487. 508.
Mcintosh, E., 488.
Mclvor, F., g.
McKay township, g7.
McKellar township, 454.
McKillop township, 364- 238,
McLachlan, A., 436,
McLaughlin township, 494. 4g3.
McLean township, 427; Judge A., 424, 520.
McMaster, M. A., 515.
McMullen, J. M., 4g, 78, 104, no, 112, 350,
393-
McMurrich township, 447.
McNab township, 76, 81, 493 ; Sir A, N.,
379. 454; L-. 455-
McNaughton, John, 85.
McNiff, P., n.
McTavish, J. G., 322 ; Miss, 498.
Meaford, Hall, 394.
Mearns, the, 375.
Meath, 203, 246, 356.
Mechekuhneeng, 229.
Mecklenburg, 3 ; Duke, 294.
Medeshamstede, 181.
Mediterranean, 115, 311, 347, 394.
Medonte township, 229.
Medora township, 430.
Medway, River, 329, 346.
Meiningen, 23, 320.
Melancthon township, 240—238, 249, 257, 389.
Melbourne, Lord, 85, 125, 126, 232, 253, 254,
352. 354. .367. 387. 392. 525-
Melgund, Viscount, 253.
Melville, Viscount, 21, 355; Sir J., 35;
Sound, 441.
Menai, 139, 435, 523.
Mercer, Mrs., 455-
Mercia, 182, 279, 2g2 ; Earl, 276.
Meredith, O., 162, J14. 237, 327 ; Sir W. R.,
368.
Merivale, H. C, 326.
Merlin township, 227.
Mersea township, 341.
Meskwakees, 420.

Metcalfe township, 3ig ; Lord, 284, 368, 375.
386, 508,
Methuen township, 188; Baron, 58.
Meuse, River, 318.
Mexico, i5i.
Michigan, 94, 218, 473.
Michilimackinac, 234, 518.
Middlesex county, 313 — gg, 307, 321, 468.
Middleton township, 300; R., 141 ; General,
254 ; Baron, 276.
Midhurst, 360,
Midland, 4.
Midlothian, 69, 118.
Milbanke, Sir R., 263 ; A. L, 431,
iMilbrook, 491.
Milford Haven, 84.
Miller township, 129; Dr. T., 449,
Mills township, (P.S. D.) 473 ; (M.I.) 526;
Hon. D., 488.
Milnes, Sir R. S., 43, 46, 284, 358.
Milton, C, 166.
Minden township, 404, 493, 502 ; Battle, 38,
113, 366.
Mingary, 427.
Minorca, 100, 175, 339,
Minto township, 253 ; Lord, 85, 157, 464.
Misquuckkey, 419.
Mississauga, 218, 233.
Missouri, 305, 345, 431.
Mitcham, Grove, 118.
Mitchell, 100, 287, 296, 378.
Mogul, 163.
Mohawk, 10, 149, 158, 233, 281, 289, 512,
Moira, Earl, 100, 145, 155, 246, 254.
Mona, 139, 239.
Monaghan township, (south) 179 ; (north)
182 ; county, 349, 470.
Monck township, 429 ; Lord, 97, 207 ; Divi
sion, 402, 497.
JMonk, Family, 379.
Monmouth township, 398 ; county, 105, 191 ;
Duke, 310, 410, 476.
Mi>no township, 239.
Montague township, 63; \\'.,6o; Duke, 141;
J.. 347-
Montaigne, 27.
Montana, 460.
Montcalm, .Marquis, 46.
Monteagle township, 170,
Montebello, 513.
Monteith township, 448.
Montgomery, R., 53 ; county, 165.

INDEX

OD'

Montmorenci, 95.
Montreal, 27, 42, 66, 149. 175, 359, 365, 371,
391, 434, 438. 482, 511, 53[.
Moore township, 339; T., 30. 159, ^\%\ Sir
J., 62, 138. 2o6, 355, 365
Moorshegunge, 97.
Mor, 399.
Moravian, 225, 315, 329,
Moray, 307.
Mordaunt, C, 182.
More, Hannah, 416.
Jlorfa, Rhuddla, 316.
Morgan, H. J., 184, 247 ; county, 399
Morin, A. N., gg, 454.
Mornington township, 356 ; Earl, 78, 104,
246, 253^ 260.
Morpeth, Lord, 387.
Morris township, 367 ; A., 503.
Morrison township, 422 ; \.. i\.zq, 530 ;
Judge J. C. 451, 47S : Miss A., 4g2.
Morro, Fort, 378.
Mortimer, 106.
Mosa township, 318, 488.
Moses, 240.
Mosswater, 221.
Motherwell, W,, 422, 491.
Moulton township, 282 — 278.
Mountain township, 26 ; Bishop. 445, 453 ;
Col., 461.
Mountcashel, Lord, 319.
Mount Forest, 511.
Mountford, Sir S., 207.
Mount Pleasant, 478.
Mouse Tower, 7.
Mowat township, 480 ; Sir O., 96, 422, 446,
450. 454. 465. 473. 478, 489. 496, 505- 5H-
Mowbray, T., 80, 293.
Mulgrave. Lord, 347, 387.
Mull, 427.
Mulmur township, 240 — 8.
Mundy, Captain R., 384.
Mungo, 195.
Munnow, River, 398.
Munster, Earl, 23 ; 167.
Murchison township, 485 ; Sir R, I., 85, 317.
Murray township, 174 ; 176, 193, 504 ; D.,
16 ; Gen. J., 53, 73, 154 ; W., 90, 464 ;
Canal, 224 ; Regent, 307 ; John, 325 ;
Rev. F. H., 345 ; A., 420 ; Outlaw, 508.
Murillo, B. E., 188.
Muscogee, 420.
Muscovy, 141,

Muskoka District, 419 ; town.ship. 425—422,
493- 497 ; River, 89.
Mysore, 260.
Nahdoway, 227.
Nana, the, 413.
Napiers, 143.
Naples, 156.
Napoleon I., 24, gi, 133, 256.
Nares, Rev. E., 187.
Nassagaweya township, 245 242.
Nassau, 3.
Navarino, 317.
Nawash, 225.
Nectansmere, ,318.
Neil, Helen, 468.
Nelson township, 244 — 242 ; Lord, 23, n4,
122, 153, 186, 2g3. 311, 326, 392.
Nene, River, 279.
Nepaul, War, 155.
Nepean township, 56.
Nero, 462.
Neuchatel, 281.
Nevada, 460.
Neville, 192 ; Captain L., 397.
Newark, 41, 108, 223, 270, 273, 274 ; Vis
count, ig6.
Newbolt, H., 186, 243, 2g4.
Newboro', 438, 489.
New Brunswick, 6, 43, 66, 68, 92, 124, 125,
186, 258. 452, 463, 473, 498, 502.
Newcastle, 196, 202, 259, 392, 435 ; Duke,
269, 275, 457.
Newcome, Rev. J., 272.
Newdegate, Charles, 473.
New Edinburgh, 97.
New England, 3, 5, 335.
Newfoundland, 109, 186, 270, 282,
New Hampshire, 262.
New Jersey, 452.
Newman, Cardinal J. H,, 88,
Newmarket, 180, 466, 498, 503, 529.
New Orleans, 69, 432.
Newport, 80, 297.
New River, 142, 300.
Newton, Sir I., 165, 272, 436.
New York, 10, 53, 207, 270, 285, .290, 433,
443. 453. 521-
Niagara township, 273 ; i, 10, 65, 108, 149,
184. 251, 387, 422, 427, 483, 492.
Nice, 189.
Nichol township, 251 — 242, 257.
Nigel, 243.

552

NO THING BUT NA MES

Nightingale township, 415.
Nile, 244.
Nipissing township, 472; District, 482,492;
L.ike, 532.
Nissouri township, (east), 305; (west), 321.
Nith, River, 257.
Niven township, 492.
No township, 128.
Noah 427.
Noel, T., 263.
Nokomis, 419.
Nollekins. J., 298.
Norfolk county, 293, 4, gg, 121, 282, 287.
296, 297, 301, 437 ; Virginia, 496,
Norma township, 128.
Normanby township, 387.
Normandy, 65, 178. 191. 269, 276, 338, 379 ;
Duke, 3gy.
Normanton, Park, 165, 280.
Norragh, 260.
North, Lord, 3. 40, 118, 136, 158 ; Dudle}',
403, 407.
Northampton, 181, 204, 223.
North British Review, 118, 275
Northlech, 414.
Northumberland county, 174^4, 144, 180,
254, 281, 367, 452, 505. 516 ; Duke, 154.
^79. 382, 397. 402 ; King. 192, 210, 317 ;
Earl, 265.
Northwest Company, 323, 353.
Northworthige, 385.
Norton, M., 103 ; 438.
Norwich township, 301; 140, 298, 314.
Nottawasaga township, 227.
Notman, W., 503.
Nova Scotia, i, 43, 66, 68, 148, 153, 261, 395.
Nugent, 83; Lady :\I. F., 356.
Oakhampton, 344.
Oakland township, 292.
Oakley township, 423; Park, 316.
Oakville, 495.
Oberhn, College, 425.
O'Brien, D,, 167 ; S,, 501.
O'Bryne, 171.
O'Connell, D., 232.
Octavius, 316.
Odahwahs, 519.
Odin, g.
Odo, Bishop, 329.
Odyssey, 182.
Ogdensburg, log, 368.
O'Hagan, T., 4^5.

Ohio, 218, 225, 289, 345, 426.
Ojibway, 229.
Olden township, 123, 137.
Omagh, 497.
Oneida township, 286; 2gi.
O'Neil, Kincardine, 375.
Oneota, 370.
Onghiara, 273.
Onondaga township, 2go ; 286.
Onslow, Speaker, Arthur, 131.
Ontario county, 210—4. 506, 507.
Oporto, 184.
Ops township, 200.
Ordie, River, 349.
O'Reilly, A., 184; 195; Dr. W. T., 449-
Orford township, 325, 329, 473 ; Eari, 387 ;
Nass, 312.
Orillia township, 229 ; 227, 421.
Orkneys, 77, 448, 509.
Ormond, i\Iiss E. J., 491.
Oro township, 228.
O'Rourke, 195.
Osborne, F. G.. 34; S.. 171.
Osgoode township. 55 ; Judge, 43.
Osier township, 503.
Osmere, 221.
Osnabruck township, 19; Bishop, 145.
Oso township, 123, 239.
Osprey township, 391.
Oswald, R., 38, 218.
Oswego, 65,
Oswy, King, 210, 317.
Otonabee township, 182, 451 ; River, 181.
Ottawa, River, *, 47, 77, 90, 420, 482, 513,
531 ; City. 97, 433, 496, 519, 523.
Oude, 97, 416.
Ouse, River, 216, 301.
Outram, Sir. J., 411, 413.
Owen, R., 62 ; 485.
Owen Sound, 237, 257, 449.
Oxford county, 301 ; townships, (east, west
and north) 303 ; township, (on Rideau)
2,z ; 57, 205, 214. 224, 291, 306, 309, 330,
445. 455. 481 ; University, 41. 42. 44, 232.
395, 401, 483 ; Bishop, 88.
Oystermouth, 399.
Paddington, 131.
Padua, 444.
Paeda, King, 182.
Paget, Lady C, 75. 80; H. W. 138. 186;
220 ; 338.
Paisley, 76, 98, 367, 376, 438.

INDEX

553

Pakenham township, 69 ; 209.
Palatinate, 240,
Paley, Rev. W., 182.
Palliser, Captain, igg.
Pall Mall, 147.
Palmerston township, 124 ; Lord, 84, 126,
214, 236, 372, 390. 430, 439.
Papineau township, 513.
Pardee, Hon. T. B., 443, 471, 472, 479, 492,
493, 502.
Paris, 126, 219, 236, 379, 436, 458 ; Ontario,
449, 490.
Park, S., 306.
Parker, Sir W., 23.
Parkman, F., 45.
Parnell, Sir H. B., 460; C. S., 505,
Parr, T., 165.
Parry Island township, 451.
Parry, Sir W. E., 484.
Parry Sound District, 441, 526.
Passmore, F. F., 492.
Patterson township, 477.
Patton, Hon. J., 447, 503.
Patuxent, River, 127.
Paulinus, 144.
Paxton township, 506.
Pearce, L., 521.
Pearl, Frigate, 64.
Peck township, 490, 493.
Peebles, 293, 512,
Peel county, 232 ; township, 252 — 218, 438,
515; Sir R., 81, 84, 132, 168, 361, 440.
Pelee Island township, 348.
Pelham township, 275 — 374 ; 287.
Pembroke township, 83, jo6, 493, 503 ; Earl,
IOI, 188, 272 ; College, 116 ; Castle, 164 ;
Ship, 223.
Pencraig, 94.
Penetanguishene, 128, 224, 225, 231, 432, 518,
529.
Pennsylvania, 466, 487. 504.
Pentland township, 509,
Perceval, S., 45. 125, 155, 251, 366.
Percy township, 178 ; Lady E., 154; Rev.
T., 295.
Perry township, 445 ; 157-
Perth county, 349, 448, 4gi, 512 ; City, 17,
188, 375 ; Town, 62, 72, 74, 91, 368, 502 ;
Shire, 154. ,
Peshawur, 417.
Peterborough county, 180, 198, 444, 452, 490,
491, 502 ; City, 140.

Petewawa township, 89 ; River, 420,
Petrie, Captain, 449.
Petty, Lord H., 125.
Petworth, ug, 388.
Philadelphia, 270.
Philip IL, King, 343.
Phillips, Sir R., 38.
Phipps, C. E., 387.
Picardie, 444.
Pickard, 436.
Pickering township, 211 ; Harbor, 202.
Picton, 444, 477 ; Sir T., 2ig,
Pierrepoint, C., 196.
Pilkington township, 250 ; Bishop, 194 ;^Mr.,
311.
Pindar, 362 ; Peter, 375.
Pitlochry, 46.
Pitt, W., 3, 15, 21, 27, 28, 45, 53, 115. n8,
ng, 122, 131, 135, 158, 2ig, 2g7, 298, 266,
388 ; Mrs. M., 170 ; Chatham, 175, 330.
Pittenweem, igo.
Pittsburg township, 115, ng.
Plantagenet township, 48 ; 379 ; J., 121.
Plato, 201.
Plentheim, 303.
Pliny. 343-
Plymouth, 40, 224.
Plympton township, 338.
Pococke, Admiral Sir George, 378.
Poland, 486.
Pole, Wellesley, 78, 253, 356.
PoUexfen, E,, 3g.
Pollock, J. E., 223,
Polwhele, 36.
Polworth, Lord, 273.
Polybius, 327.
Pontefract, 211,
Pope, A., 78, 131, 13s, 298, 342, 401, 525 ;
Leo X., 238.
Porden, Miss E., 432.
Port Hope.-gi, 233, 424.
Portia, 186,
Portland township, 119; Duke, 43, 46, 125,
220, 246, 387.
Portloche, Harbor, 532.
Port Perry, 506.
Portsmouth, 63, 421, 430, 433, 484.
Portugal, 163, 184, 199, 224, 246, 311, 340, 410,
486.
Poussin, N., 188.
Powell, W.D., 42, 185, 461 ; Col. J. H., 74,
91.

554

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Pratt, C, 134; J.. 308.
Premonstratension, 308.
Prescott county, 43 ; Town, 96, 109.
Presqu'isle de Quinte, 148.
Preston township, 488 ; Ship, 63 ; Town,
296, 362.
Pre\'ost, Sir G., 70.
Price, Sir U., 269.
Priestley, J., 165.
Primrose, Lady C, 141.
Prince, Ship, 392 ; of Wales, 456.
Prince Edward county, 148—4, 443, 476, 477,
490 ; Duke of Kent, 31, 43, 154, 198, 3gi.
Princeton, 446.
Pringle township, 472.
Proctor, Gen. H. A., 225 ; S., 339 ; H., 419.
Promontorium Junonis, 243.
Proton township, 389.
Proudfoot township, 451 ; Rev. W., 448.
Prussia, 145, 280, 404.
Pudsey, Bishop H., 194.
Pugeshashenwa, 226.
Punjaub, 220.
Pusey, Rev. E. B..88.
Puslinch township, 247 — 242 ; 365.
Pye. H. J., 522.
Quebec, 3, 31, 41, 53, 66, 75, 112, 114, 148,
174, igo, 193, 221, 223, 24s, 284, 297. 357,
364. 391, 394. 4.S^. 464. 471. 497-
Queenston, 113, 117, 213, 252, 483.
Quiberon, Bay, 114.
Quinte, 4, 10, 148, 156, 158, 202, 224.
Radeliffe township, 106— g3.
Radenhurst, J., 42.
Raglan township, 104 — 93 ; Lord, 253, 317,
412.
Rachel, 215.
Raikes, R., 55.
Rainham township, 287.
Rajputana, 417,
Raleigh township, 326, 455; Sir W',. 414,
Rama township, 215, 4ig.
Ramilies, 58.
Ramsay township, 67, gS ; G., 68 ; A. G.,
504.
Randall, S., 507.
Rannoch, 487.
Rattray, W., 3g7, 447.
Rawdon township, i5g ; F., 65, 75, 155 ;
Lady C, 518.
Rawlins, W., 3g7, 441.
Rayleigh, 326.

Reach township, 211,
Read, D. B., 213, 225.
Reade, J., 229,
Ready, Governor, 68.
Recollets, 113.
Redan, 410.
Red River, 27, 530.
Reid, Dr., 180.
Rembrandt, P. G., 188.
Renfrew county, 76—7, 374, 376, 502, 516,
523-
Renkioi, 433.
Rennie, E., 22.
Reynolds. Sir J., 338.
Rhine, River, 7, r8o, 318.
Rice Lake, 182, 183,
Richard I., King, 382; II., 35, 211, 347;
IIL, 48,^160 ; of York, 216.
Richards township, 103 ; Sir W. B., 386,
470 ; Hon. S., 430, 438.
Richardson, Bishop J., 467.
Richelieu, River, 23, 40, 74; Due, 66.
Richmond township, 144 ; Duke, 8, 58, 5g,
68, 73, 113, 122, 188, igg, 201, 231, 330,
531 ; Town, 164 ; Earl, 362.
Rideau, River, 32, 57, 34g, 368, 531 ; Lake,
62; Canal, gi, 433, 438; Hall, g7.
Ridley, Sir M. W., 360.
Ridout township, 426 ; 207 ; T. G., 251, 406,
414, 407.
Riel, L., 464.
Ripon, Marquis, 273, 363.
Ritchie, D., 2g3 ; Sir W. J,, 45g.
Robert, King, 372 ; Duke, 3g8.
Robertson. Col., 331; Rev. Jlr,, 448.
Robie, Mrs., 69.
Robin Hood, 362.
Robinson township, 528 — 485 ; Sir J. B., 108,
323, 360, 428, 461, 526; P., 180 ; Sir T.,
273: F. J., 362; T. M., 420; Sir J. L.,
470 ; Hon. J. B., 505 ; Treaty, 519.
Rochefoucauld, F., 201 ; F. A. F., 221, 251.
Rochester township, 346 ; Earl, 152, 292, 409;
Town, 300, 485.
Rockingham, Marquis, 21, 29, 158, 263.
Rocky Mountains, 95.
Rodney, Admiral G. B.. 384.
Rogers, Major R., 46, 444; S., n6 ; J., 221.
Rolph township, gg, 507; Dr., n.
Rome, 50, 236.
Romney township, 328.
Rosamond, 303.

INDEX

555

Roscoe, W., 341.
Roscommon, 48S.
Rose, Sir G., 151.
Rosebery, Earl. 141.
Rose Green, 43.
Ross township, 84 ; Sir J., 171, i8i, 441,
484; Lord, 279; Division, 322; A.M.,
435; Sheriff Alex., 446; Hon. J., 470;
General C, 531.
Rosser, F., 239.
Rosslyn, Earl, 117, 224, 404.
Rouen, 433.
Rousseau, J. J., 201; Lake, 420.
Roxborough township, 19.
Roxburgh, ig, 253.
Royal Sovereign, Ship, 393.
Roydon, P., i5g.
Rubens, P. P., 188.
Rupert's Land, 455.
Russell county, 49 ; township, 50, 53. 97,
44q ; J., 60, 86, 121, 125, 126, 134, 354,
366, 367 ; P.. 220, 270 ; E., 325 ; A., 499.
Russia, 78, g4, loi, 105, 140, 333, 367, 393,
433- 486.
Ruthven, Lord, 396.
Rutland county, 515.
Ryche, Lady, 342.
Ryckman, S., 237.
Ryde township, 421.
Rye, 18, 44, 246.
Ryerson township, 452 ; Rev. E., 521.
Rymal, J., 360.
Saalfeld. 198.
Sabine township. 484 ; Sir E., 85 ; L., 153.
Sackville, Lord G., 404.
Sadleir, C, 469.
Sadler, Michael T., 81.
Saga, 227.
Sahara, 214.
Sagonaska, 156.
Saint Alban's, 352.
Saint Andrew's, 427, 465.
Saint Basil's, 42.
Saint Bede, 301.
Saint Brendan, 162.
Saint Catharines. 273.
Saint Clair, River, 2, 339, 471 ; county, 94.
Saint Cuthbert, 192, 301.
Saint Domingo, 224.
Saint Edmund's township, 382, 7 ; 61.
Saint Giles, 343.
Saint George, 131, 274, 301, 394-

S.'iint Helen, 46.
Saint James, 22, 527.
Saint Jean d'Acre, Ship, 384.
Saint John, Hon. L., 78; Island, 149; E,,
179 ; Church, 265 ; College, 272 ; N. B.,
463, 498.
Saint Johnstown, 349.
Saint Joseph's, Island, 493.
Saint Keyne, 17.
Saint Lawrence, 2, 10, 42, 94, 107, 368, 438,
515, 531 ; Ship, 127 ; Gulf, 199 ; county,
233 ; Market, 510.
Saint Lin^ 464.
Saint Louis, Castle, 3.
Saint Lucia, 366.
Saint Margaret's Church, 254.
Saint Marie, 234.
Saint Mark, Gospel, 289.
Saint Mary's, 492.
Saint Maur, 178.
Saint Maurice, no, 513, 530.
Saint Maw's, 223.
Saint Nicholas, 189, 302.
Saint Paul's, 247, 340.
Saint Petersburg, 236.
Saint Raphael, 520.
Saint Simon, Duke, 112.
Saint Thomas, 301, 309, 446.
Saint Vallier, 92.
Saint Vincent township, 394 ; Island, 66 ;
Earl, 224; Cape, 244, 393.
Salamanca, 337, 406.
Salamis, 390.
Salem, 63.
Saler, Mr,, 309.
Salignac, Count F., 202.
Salisbury, 126 ; Bishop, 41.
Salteaux, 530.
Saltfleet township, 266, 274, 278.
Sam Slick, 66, 395.
Samson, 305, 458.
Sanderson, E., 133.
Sandfield township, 520.
Sandusky, 345.
Sandwich township, 347 ; 469; Earl, 64, 122.
Sandwith, T., 525.
Sangster, C, 113. 213.
Santa Monica, Ship, 64.
Saragossa, 415.
Sarawak township, 383 ; Rajah, 334.
Sarnia township, 338, 365, 369, 468, 471, 503.
Saskatchewan, 530.

556

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Saturn, 200.
Saugeen township, 377—237, 379, 447.
Sault Ste. Marie, 489, 519, 529, 531.
Saunders, Admiral Sir C, 114, 297, 394.
Sawtell, R. W., 306.
Saxe, 23, 149, 198, 320.
Saxony, 238.
Say and Saybrook, 335.
Scadding, Rev. H., 18, 33, 36, 42, 56, 71, 77,
92, 114, 127, 162, 187, ig3, 2ig, 220, 23a,
427. 527-
Scarborough township, 217 ; Castle, 264 ;
Ship, 405.
Scarlet, 362.
Scarlett, Sir J., 140.
Scarsdale, Earl, 263.
Scatcherd, T., 437.
Schoolcraft, H. R., 89, 94, 124, 240, 289, 370.
Schreiber, Rev. T,, 526.
Schuelemberg, Miss, 194.
Schwarzerd, 240.
Scioto, River, 225.
Scone, Palace, 17.
Scott township, 213 ; Sir W., 19, 62, 396,
398, 493 ; J., 202 ; A., 3gg ; R, W., 500.
Scott's Landing, 180,
Scugog township, 215 ; 506.
Seaton, Lord, 206, 247, 338, 355, 365,
Sebastopol township, 94 — 79, 93, 97, 105.
Seely, Captain John B., 136.
Segontium, 523.
Selby, 266, 276.
Sele, Lord Say and, 335.
Selkirk, Lord, 220, 282 ; A., 406.
Semple, 513.
Seneca township, 286, 402.
Senlac, 186.
Sepoy, 97, 411, 413, 416.
Seringapatam, 416,
Servetus, M., 515.
Seton, Bonny J., 300.
Settrington, Baron, 58.
Sevenoaks, 113.
Severn, 55, 398, 420.
Severus, Emperor, 216.
Seymour township, 178,
Shaftesbury, Lord, 304.
Shandy, T., 346.
Shannon, River, 83, 166, 209 ; Frigate, 392.
Shardeloes, Park, 102.
Shawanaga township, 463,
Shawanee, 225, 340, 426,

Sheaffe, General Sir R. H.. 181.
Sheffield township, 135; Earl, 270; N, B.,
463-
Sheguiandah township, 519.
Shelburne, Lord, 21, 34, 36, 37, 116, 158,
175, 218.
Shenstone, W., 530.
Sherborne township, 414, 527 ; Town, 207,
426; Bishop, 2gi.
Sherbrooke township, (north and south) 73,
123 ; (west) 283 ; Sir J. C, 127.
Sheridan, R. B., 190; T., 236.
Sheriff-Muir, 437.
Sherwood township, 107 ; R., 103 ; L. P.,
109, 461.
Shingle Bay, 227.
Shinguacose, 234.
Shingwauk, 234.
Shochie, River, 349.
Shore, W. E., 415.
Shrewsbury, Countess, 102.
Shropshire, 165. 221, 316.
Sicily, 340.
Sidmouth, Lord, 10, 116, 131.
Sidney township, 157, 296, 4go.
Siebert, King, 314.
Siegbright, King, 382.
Sigebert, King, 50.
Sigenock, 518.
Sikhs, 413.
Sillery, 364.
Simcoe county, 223, 127, 422, 456, 466, 479,
529; Governor J. G., 4, 32, 37, 41, 49,
64, 217, 250, 273, 283, 309, 321, 330, 525 ;
Lake, 71, 227, 233, 419 ; Mrs., 221 ;
Town, 450.
Simeon, 426.
Simpson, M., 245 ; J. B., 412 ; R , 510
Sinclair township, 437.
Sind, 137.
Six Nations, 285, 286, 290.
Skaniadono, 210.
Skye, Island, 445.
Slick, see Sam Slick.
Sligo, 450.
Smiley, R., 454.
Smith township, 183 ; 123; 336 ; Sir D. W.,
4. 47. 57. 92. 158. 183, 230, 251, 261, 274;
W. H., 7, 72, 89, 215, 228, 251, 257, 282,
347' 350. 370; W. W., 19, 215 ; Sir H.,
119 ; 411; 516; Hon. S., 184, 452 ; G. B.,
297; M. T., 360; v., 501.

INDEX

557

Smithfield, 141, 376.
Smithson. Hugh, 178.
Snake, Island, 71.
Snarlington, 214.
Snitterfield, 315.
Snowdon township, 400; Mountain, 221.
Soberton, Baron, 405.
Sodor, 345.
Soho, 436.
Sombra township, 340.
Somers. J., 217 ; Earl, 378, 381.
Somerset. F., 104; Duke, 178; county, 247.
260, 406 ; Lady H., 381.
SomerviUe township, 203 ; Lord, 79.
Sophia, Queen, 12, 294; Princess, 30, 151.
Sophiasburg township, 151, 153.
Sorel, 23, 74, 175, 427.
Soulanges county, 46.
Soult, Duke N. J.. 184.
Soutar, James, 324.
Southampton^ 371, 421.
Southey, R., 17, 57, 162, 294.
Southwold township, 311.
Sow, River, 82.
Spain. 67, no, 115, 180, 189,243,380,486.
Spalding, 277.
Sparling, Mr., 443.
Sparrow, Lake, 420.
Spence township, 453.
Spencer, Eari, 20, 353; A., 444.
Spilman, J., 205.
Spilsby, 432.
Spithead, 421.
Spitzbergen, 432.
Spree, River, 12.
Spring-Rice, T., 170.
Springtown, 494.
Sproule township, 489.
Squawville, 488.
Staenford, 277.
Stafford township, 81 ; Marquis, 31, 402;
county, 79, 322, 362.
Stamford township, 277 — 274; Town, 165, 187,
272, 280, 326.
Stanhope township, 408.
Stanleigh, 2, 362.
Stanley township, 361 ; Lord, ^, 360, 371,
385, 462 ; H. M., 417 ; C, 429.
Stanton, I. B,, 472.
Stegmann, M., 258.
Stephen township, 35g ; King, 35.
Stephenson township, 434.

Sternaman, Mrs O., trial, 504.
Stewart, Sheriff, log ; Hon. T., 180.
Stirling, 90, 376, 514,
Stisted township, 439.
Stock, T., 449,
Stockbridge, 361.
Stockmar, Baron, 23, 54, 133, 146, 147, 149,
Stockton, 435.
Stone, 394.
Stonehaven, 375.
Stony Creek, 186.
Stormont county, 16—4, 10, 428, 444 ; Vis
count, 20, 100.
Storrington township, 119.
Stothard T., 116.
Stour, River, 304,
Stowe, 2g, 241, 277.
Strabo, 250.
Strachan, Bishop J., 109, 185, 428, 445, 453,
461, 510.
Strachey, Sir H,, 218.
Strafford, Earl, 262.
Stratford, 107, 349.
Strathearn, Duke, 148.
Strathgryffe, 76.
Strathmore, Earl, 231.
Strathnaver, Baroness, 82.
Stratton township, 4gi.
Straw, Jack, 382.
Strelitz, 294.
Stretton, Church, 316.
Strong township, 458.
Stuart, 76, 164, 377 ; A., 307.
Styx, River, 266.
Suffolk county, 4, 157, i8g. 307, 311, 312,
325, 370, 382; Duke, 164, 280, 403.
Sufi, 137.
Sugar Loaf West, 278.
Sullivan township, 385 ; 427 ; General J.,
270 ; J-. 358.
Sulpicians, 202.
Sunnidale township, 228.
Sunning Hall, 263.
Superior, Lake, 53c.
Surrey, 91, 118, 141, 327, 407, 459.
Surtees, Bessy, 202.
Sussex, 43, 74, 143, 156, 176, 275, 388.
Sutherland, Duke, 32, 82 ; county, i6g, 422.
Swale, River, 144.
Swansea, 32, 355.
Sweden, 67, 100, 180, 340, 486.
Sweyne, King, 271.

33"=

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Swift, Dean J., g3, 172, 193, 201, 217, 250,
342, 425; Pat., 360; River, 400.
Switzerland, 186, 281.
Sydenham township, 393 — 237; Lord, 508.
Sydney, Lord, 157, 296.
Sj-m, Miss J., 469.
Syria, 236.
Syston Park, 276.
Tacitus, C. C, 286, 318, 321.
Tagus, River, 224, 394.
Talavera, 246, 406.
Talbot, Colonel T.. 300.
Tancredi, W. de V., 269.
Tapton Park, 435.
Tarento, 233.
Tarradale, 485,
Tasmania, 432.
Tay township, 230 ; River, 67, 349.
Taylor, John, 117, 271, 310, 326, 344, 457,
Soi; R. C, 168.
Teck, Duke, 147.
Tecumapease, 226.
Tecumseh, see Tecumseth.
Tecumseth township, 225, 226, 239, 240, 503.
Tehkummeh township, 519.
Tel-el-Kebir, 361.
Telemaque, 202.
Temd, River, 316.
Temple, Earl, 28 ; Countess, 116 ; H. J,,
124.
Templemore, 207, 429.
Teneriffe, 244.
Tennant, Prof. W., igo, 403.
Tennyson, A., 140, 187, 255, 277, 400, 413,
416.
Terra, 200.
Terror, Ship, 85, 432,
Tett, Miss E., 48g.
Teviotdale, 62, 254.
Tewkesbury, 55, 352.
Texas. 461.
Thackeray, \V. iM,, 12, 152.
Thames, River, 4, 32, 117, 222, 25g, 301, 313,
321. 327. 330. 416, 433. 455-
Thankerton, igo.
Thayendanegea, 158, 28g.
Thirleby, Bishop T., 314.
Thompson, Henrietta, 113.
Thomson, Major F. R., gi ; C. P., 3g3.
Thongcaistor, 269.
Thor, 276.
Thorah township, 214.

Thoresby, Ralph, 261.
Thornbury, 99; G. W., 303.
Thornton, Sir E., 470.
Thorny Island, 314.
Thorold township, 276 — 274, 442.
Three Rivers, 422, 507, 530.
Thurlow township, 157; Lord, 14, 118, 135,
202, 312, 357. 370.
Thwaite Hall, 26.
Ticonderoga, 46, 115.
Tilbury township, (east). 327 ; (west), 345.
Tillotson, Archbishop J., 201.
Tilly, Count J. T., 404.
Tilsby, John, 55.
Tintagel, 255.
Tiny township, 230.
Tipperary county, 167, 207, 208, 429 ; Earl,
147.
Tippoo, Sultan, 260.
Titian, T. V., 188.
Todtenhausen, 404.
Toledo, 438.
Tollemache, 404.
Tonbert, 317.
Torauld, 276.
Torbolton township, 59—58.
Toronto township, 233 ; 515, 521 ; Gore
township, 234 ; City, 42, 99, 129, 162,
213, 218, 231, 237. 249, 284, 414, 422, 432,
434. 443. 454. 459. 462, 466, 474. 504, 507,
510, 525, 527, 528.
Torre-Pellice, 67.
Tosorontio township, 225,
Tottenham, 372.
Toulon, 18, 244.
Toulouse, 67.
Tournay, 133.
Tower, 34, 40; Hill, 403.
Townsend township, 296 — 292, 309.
Townshend, General George, 114; 244;
Lord C , 121, 288, 297 ; T., 157.
Trafalgar township, 243 — 242, 495 ; Cape,
244. 393. 432-
Trainfield House, 505.
Trapham, Thomas, 347.
Tre-Madoc, 162.
Trench, Mrs., 36.
Trent, 3, 205. 271.
Trevelyan, G. O., 40.
Triades, 316.
Trim, 246.
Trinidad, 10.

INDEX

559

Trinovantwys, 313.
Tristrem, 316 ; Shandy, 346.
Trotter, Sir C. 379 ; J., 381.
Trouve, Abbe, 202.
Tsar, 198.
Tuckersmith township, 360.
Tuekett, Captain, loi.
Tudor township, 164; J., 121.
Turkey, 371, 445, 525.
Turnberry township, 369; Castle, 373.
Tuscarora township, 290.
Tweed, ig 67, 174, 435, 494.
Tweeddale, Marquis, 356.
Two Mountains, 46, 95, 482.
Tyburn, 207.
T>endinaga township, 158, 225.
'Tyler, i\I.. 184; \\ ., 382.
Tyndale. W., 221.
Tyne, River, 435.
Tyrone, 168, 235, 479, 4g7.
Urban III.. Pope, 292.
Usborne township, 358.
Utawas, Ri\'er, 95.
Utrecht, 162, 408.
Uttoxeter, 79.
Uxbridge township, 212 ; Earl, 138, 186, 338,
523-
Valence, A. de, 83, 188; W , 272.
Vancouver, 496.
Vanderbilt, W. K,, 305.
\'andevoort, S., 490.
Van Dieman's Land, 85, 432.
Vandyke, Sir A., 1S8.
VanKoughnet, Hon. P. M., 452, 500, 502 ;
L., 526.
Vansittart, N., 204.
\'aud. Canton, 186.
\'^audois, 67.
Vaughan township, 218 ; B., 38.
Vaux. Lord, 86.
Venedotia, 523.
Vermont, 515.
\'ernon. Admiral E., 292; Lord, 401.
Versailles, 2, 408.
Verulam township, 201 — 7 ; Earl, 126.
Vespra township, 228.
Victoria county, 198, 202, 490, 491, 494 ;
Queen, 46, 77, 89, 134, 148, 222, 236,
464; Cross, 413; Bridge, 434, 438; Col
lege. 453. 505, 514.
Victory, Ship, 394.
Vidal, Captain, 339.

Vienna, 253, 273.
\'illiers, 135 ; 409; Miss F., 120 ; G. W. F.,
126; Lady A. B, F., 333.
\'iiniL'ra, 163.
Vincennes, 177.
Vinegar Hill, 163.
Vines, Richard, 212.
Virgil, 201, 229.
Virginia, 5, 132, 181, 270, 315, 327, 337, 391,
496.
\'ittoria. 337, 406.
Voltaire, F. M. A., 303,
X'ortigern, King, 25, 277.
Wahdobekaung, 218,
Wainfleet township, 278—274.
Wakefield, 362.
Waldegrave, 325.
Waldren, Dr., 3g3.
Wales, Prince, 76, 119, 155, 158, 178, 456;
King, 316.
Walker, Lawyer, 107.
Walkerton, 438.
Wallace township, 355 ; Lord, 22 ; Sir W.,
62. 376; Hon. M.. 6g,
Wallaceburg, 488.
U'allbridge township, 476.
Wallis, Captain Brown, gi.
Walmer, 116; Castle, 246.
Walpole township, 287 ; 244 ; Sir R., 152,
296, 297. 325, 330 ; H., 195.
Walsingham township, 295 ; 192, 506.
Walters, Lucy, 398.
Waltheof, 160.
Walton & Gaylord, Map, 47, 204, 238.
Warbeck, Perkin, 207.
Ward, Major, 3gi ; J. W., 403.
Warkworth, 179.
W.irren, W. de, 176; 443; county, 496,
Warwick township, 335 ; Earl, 159, 334 ;
county, 315.
Washago, 420.
Washington, Ship, d-i,; G. , 88, 178, 207, 270;
City, 127, 363, 528, 532.
Waterford, 186.
Waterloo county, 256 ; township, 258, 242,
450, 467, 480, 487 ; Battle, 67, 75, 105,
138, 247, 318, 365, 379.
Watling street, ig2, 335.
Watt township, 436; J., 375.
Watts, R. 346.
Wausakahsing, 442.
Waverley, Novel, 9.

560

NOTHING BUT NAMES

Wawanosh township, 369.
Wear, River, 192.
Webb, Mrs. 522.
Webster, Prof. N. B., 496.
Wedderburn township, 278, 282 ; A., 117 ;
Fort, 323.
Wedgwood, Josiah, 82.
Weguaimekong, 519.
Weir, A., 112 ; 2ig.
Welf, 248.
Welland county, 274 ; River, 277, 279.
Welles, 80.
Wellesley township, 260 ; Lord, 67, 322, 336 ;
Lady M., 78 ; Lady E., 104 ; A., 246,
255. 309; W". 253; R.. 356.
WeUington county, 246—236, 242, 248, 487 ;
Duke, 62, 68, 78, 133, 138, 168, 184, 209,
256, 366, 383 ; Square, 289 ; Ship, 394 ;
Channel, 441.
Wennington, 165.
Wenonah, 419.
Wentworth county, 261 — r, 204, 242, 257,
274, 289, 449, 454, 504; C. J., 336.
Werke, 366.
Weser, River, 404.
Wesley, S., 106; J., 201.
West, Sir T., 315.
Westbury, 334.
Westerham, 113.
West Indies, 66, 100, 148, 219, 339, 352, 361,
366, 375. 380, 394. 418.
West Lake, 444.
Westmeath township, 83 ; county, 272, 500 ;
Earl, 356.
Westminster township, 314 ; Abbey, 16, 18,
58, 166, 253, 331, 417, 485 ; Marchioness,
82 ; City, 175, 313 ; Duke, 354,
Westmoreland, 87.
Westphalia, 404.
Westport, 48g.
Wexford, 163, 171, 208.
Wey, River, 407.
Wharncliffe, Lord, 186.
Whately. Archbishop R., 501.
Wheatley, 412.
Whitaker's Almanac, g3.
Whitb}' township, 210, 506; Borough, 435.
Whitchurch township, 221, 467 ; Town, 297,
300, 401.
White township, 497 ; W. T., 70 ; P., 84 ;
W., 85, 89; Col., 93; A., 419.
Whitehall, 34.

Whitmore, General, 114.
Whittier, J. G., 145.
Wiarton, 449.
Wicklow township, 172 171 ; 502.
Wight, Isle, 142, 421.
Wilberforce township, 88—7 ; W., 81, 283,
331-
Wilkes township, 509,
Wilkesport, 510.
William I., King, 122, 156, i5g, 185, igi,
192, 267, 269, 279, 324, 329, 372, 398; II. ,
25 ; IIL, ID, 34, 39, 55, 58, 83, 120, 121,
166, 379, 407 ; IV., 23, 31, 51, 109, 134,
iq8, 208, 253, 320 ; of Gloucester, 54,
150; Henry, 74; King, 159; the Lion,
179 ; Ie Gros, 264 ; of Elderslie, 376.
Williams township, 323, 350 ; R.. 122 ; H.
M., ig3 ; R. D., 227; S., 402.
Williamsburg township, 22,
WiUis, N. P., 124 ; Lady M., 231 ; Judge
J. W., 462.
Willoughby township, 279 ; 334 ; Lord, 84,
231 ; A. H. M., 276.
Willowdale, 442.
Wilmot township, 258 — 242, 487 ; John, 2g2
R. J.. 352.
Wilson township, 474 ; Sir A., 477.
Wilton, Lord, 4g3.
Wiltshire, 58, 161, 188, 334, 4og.
Winchester township, 25 ; Earl, 343.
Winchilsea, Earl, 16, 145 ; Town, 43.
Windham township, 298, 437.
Windsor, 214, 356; N. S., 395; Baron, 423.
^Mngfield, A- H., 95, 97, 1S3.
Winnipeg, 91, 476, 510.
Winton, 275,
\^'isconsin. 218.
Wishing Wells, 295.
Witham, River, 267.
A\'ithburga, 302.
Wither, Family, 423.
Witton, H. B., 515.
Woburn, 211; Abbey, 121.
AS'odehouse, Sir J., 406.
Wolcot, Dr. J., (Peter Pindar), 115, 151, 244.
Wolfe Island township, 113 — 4, 210, 516;
General J., 53, 115, 132, 174, 221, 223,
283, 304, 315, 328, 347, 3gi ; Rev. C,
339 ; Cove, 364.
Wolford township, 32 ; Devon, 224.
Wollaston township, 165 ; Dr. W. H., 208.
Wolseley, Lord, 530.

INDEX

^6 1

Wolsey, Cardinal T., 2g, 308.
Wolverhampton, 126.
Wood township, 425 ; E. B., 104, 477, 478,
489 ; P.. 449.
Woodbine, 472.
Woodhouse township, 293 ; Village, 35, 261.
Woodstock. 57, 205, 224, 303, 306, 330, 445.
WooUet, W., 346.
Woolwich township, 25g — 242, 251.
Worcester, 292, 402.
Wordsworth, W., 163.
Worms, 238.
Worstead, 302.
Worth, 39.
Wroughton, S., 63.
Wulfhere, 318.
Wurtemburg, 24.
Wyandotte, 358.
Wycliffe, John, 400.
Wycombe, 37, 360.
Wye, River, 398.
Wylam, 435.
Wylie township, g8,
Wymondham, 2gg.
Wyndham, 298; C. W., 333; G. O'B., 388.

Wynn, KiUed in Crimea, io5.
Wyton, 437.
Yarmouth township, 310 — 309, 312.
Yarrow, River, 67.
Yea township, 128; Col. L., 187.
Yellowhead, 419,
Yeo, Sir James, 84.
Yeolhampton, 39.
Yonge township, 36, 42 ; Sir W., 37 ; Sir
G., 41 ; Street, 224 ; J., 247, 365.
York county. 216 ; township, 217 — 4, 233,
242, 261, 289, 422, 447, 461, 468, 470, 474,
521 ; Archbishop, 16, 219, 401 ; Town,
41, 127, 223, 323 525 ; Duke, 64, 70, 145,
147, 155, 246, 4og.
Yorke, A. M., m ; Lady M. J., 273 ; P.,
332. 377. 381.
Youghal, 501.
Young, KUled in Crimea, 106 ; Sir W., 397 ;
Dr., 470.
Yverdun, 281.
Zero township, 394.
Zone township, 329 — 324, 334.
Zorra township, (E. and W,), 305 — 239, 306.
Zouche, Ashby de la, 142, 160.

isalS iiiiiliiiifc^