YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 05423 4 26 ¦--— "PIPW"— 7! JZ/GaPrzL ,_ _____.,!:____i ¦"¦¦¦¦^wiiiM«»w=Mji--^iMmiii njiiiiiib;^^, :rmo ¦V: p4^^eei^oe<^^^ w OHIO It Mill in iii^i.fewy.aiMi^ii1^11 ™Wi YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Purchased from the income of the bequest of WILLIAM ROBERTSON COE Honorary M.A. 1949, for material in the field of American Studies. 1795. HISTORY 1n OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO, WITH Illustrations and Biographical Sketches OP ITS PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS. PHILADELPHIA: LOUIS H. EVERTS. 1880. PRESS OF J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., PHILADELPHIA. PREFACE. Is the compilation of this book two objects have been constantly kept in view, — accuracy and completeness. It has been our conscientious aim to prepare an exhaustive and authentic history of Clermont County, from its earliest existence to the present time, as well as a brief consideration of the geology of the country and the aboriginal and prehistoric races which formerly inhabited this territory. This has been a task of no easy accomplishment; indeed, the work has greatly exceeded our expectations. The results of our efforts are before us, and while we are conscious that our history possesses much merit and approximates to our ideal in its arrangement and narrative, we realize that unavoidable imperfection may attach to it. In our investigations we have unsparingly endeavored to obtain the facts of history, and to exclude everything of doubtful authenticity. The imperfect condition of many records, and the entire absence of others, have made our researches difficult, uncertain, and, in cases where supplemental knowledge could not be obtained, of necessity incomplete. Concerning other matters of historical interest it was sometimes impossible to obtain positive information, and we were obliged to rely upon different (and often contradictory) personal accounts, and after carefully exercising our own discrimination as to their truthfulness we must submit {Rem in this condition to the judgment of our readers. Should they prove to be erroneous the fact would cause us painful regret. Again, we have been much perplexed by the changes in the orthography of family names. In numerous instances names have be.en spelled variously in the different records (often five or six different ways), and it is no unusual thing to find different members of the same family who have varied the orthography of their surname to the extent of three different ways. This will account for many apparent contradictions in spelling, seeming carelessness, and possible misconception of the right use of names. Errors of this nature, may we not reasonably think, should entitle the writers to the charity of all considerate readers.. We deem it unnecessary here to outline the nature of our history. A reference to the table of contents on the following pages sufficiently indicates not only the general plan of the book, but will also convey a meagre idea of the rich and entertaining store of matter we have garnered for the public, and which we now submit for its favorable consideration. In conclusion, we desire to express our appreciation of the encouragement and interest which the people of Clermont have manifested in our efforts to perpetuate their history. In every township from twenty to thirty of the leading citizens have freely contributed their knowledge of old-time events, and have largely made that part of the book what it is. In grateful remembrance of their services, the publisher has united with us in placing their recollections in a very attractive form as the annals of the pioneer days of the county. Among those whose courteous assistance has been of especial value in the compilation of other parts of the history are the Cowen Brothers, of the Clermont Sun; Messrs. Pegg and Fairman, of the Clermont Courier; James Robinson, of the Advance; 3 PREFACE. Winthrop Frazer, of the New Richmond Independent; the Hons. L. W. Bishop and Ira Ferguson, of the State Legislature; the Hon. H. V. Kerr, State Librarian; the Hon. J. P. Nichols, Probate Judge; Gen. M. J. W. Holter and Alonzo W. Dimmitt, of the Auditor's Office; M. A. Wood, Recorder; Henry B. Mattox, Clerk of the Court; the clerks of the different townships and villages; the secretaries of school boards and civil societies, more than a hundred in number; the pastors and official members of the various religious societies; Judge Philip B. Swing; the Hons. John Shaw, Samuel A. West, J. E. Myers, and William Roudebush ; and particularly my colaborers, R. J. Bancroft, Esq., J. L. Roudebush, Byron Williams, and John A. Penn. J. L. ROCKEY. Philadelphia, Pa., July, 1880. CONTENTS. HZISTO-E^IO_A.n_j. HISTOEY OF OLEEMOITT COUNTY, OHIO. CHAPTER PAGE I. — The Ohio Valley and Geography of the Present County 9 II. — Geology and Mineralogy . . .12 III. — Meteorology of Southwestern Ohio ... 23 IV.— The Prehistoric Races 26 V. — The Indian Occupancy, and Battle with the Savages in Clermont County 29 VI. — Land-Grants, Titles, and Surveys .... 36 VII.— The First White Settlers— Pioneer Life and Incidents 48 VIII. — Clermont County formed, Boundaries and Sub divisions 61 IX. — The County Buildings — Interesting Facts connected with their History 64 X.— The County Officers 71 XI. — Commissioners' Early Proceedings — How Matters were Managed Three-quarters of a Century ago . . 74 XII. — Internal Improvements and General Statistics from 1824 to 1879 87 XIII. — Agricultural and Mechanical Societies of the County . 94 XIV. — Judicial History, Notable Trials, Names of Court Offi cers, and Justices of the Peace for a Period of Eighty Years 102 XV. — Political History of the County, State and National Officers, Statistics, and the Underground Railroad . 121 XVI. — The Learned Professions and County Medical So cieties 135 CHAPTER PAGE XVII. — History of the Press and Authors .... 150 XVIII. — Educational and Religious, Teachers' Institute, and Sabbath-School Union 163 XIX. — Distinguished Citizens of Clermont — Pioneers, Min isters, Public Men 175 XX.— Military History— Rosters of Soldiers of 1812, the Mexican War, and the Rebellion, with the Morgan Raid Claims .198 HISTORY OF THE TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES OF CLERMONT COUNTY. Batavia and Village of Batavia .... . 243 Williamsburgh and Village of Williamsburgh . . . 283 Tate and Village of Bethel 313 Franklin and Village of Felicity 335 Washington and Villages of Neville and Moscow . 362 Monroe 382 Ohio and Village of New Richmond . . . 398 Pierce . 429 Union .443 Miami and Villages of Milford and Loveland . 460 Goshen .488 Wayne . . 503 Stonelick and Village of Boston 518 Jackson .......... 546 BIOGHAPHIOAL. PAGE PAGE Michael Cowen between 250 251 John Williams 30S A. T. Cowen .... " 250 251 L. T. Pease ' . . . facing 309 P. J. Nichols 254 255 Abbie C. McKeever . • 310 J. S. Brunaugh . 254 255 Lewis McKever . 311 John S. Griffith . facing 256 0. H. Harden . 312 Dr. Cyrus Gaskins <( 262 Col. William Thomas . facing 330 R. W. Clark 271 S. B. Smith . . . . • 334 William Howard 272 William Waterfield facing 352 Dr. L. W. Bishop 273 Dr. Matthew Gibson . 356 Henry V. Kerr . 275 Alexander Smith ... 356 Samuel F. Dowdney . 276 Moses Larkin 357 M. J. W. Holter . 277 .Tared Brush .... 358 Lemuel Teasdale 278 Lewis Richey 359 Joseph Bicking . 279 William Richey .... 359 Henry B. Mattox 279 Samuel Miller 360 M. A. Wood 280 B. F. Holter 361 James Hulick, Sr. between 280, 281 Henry Bolender . 361 James Hulick .... 280, 281 John Buchanan . facing 366 W. W. Perkins .... 280, 281 George Gregg " 368 John W. Duckwall 281 Sarah Gregg . . . . a 368 John J. Howard 281 Jacob Fee ... . " 376 John S. Parrott .... 282 William M. Fee between 376 , 377- Abraham Hulick 283 James McMath . " 376 ,377 CONTENTS. BIOGRAPHICAL. Dr. I. H. Day . J. I. Selby . Benjamin Penn . PAGE between 376, 377 facing 377 . 379 Joseph Davis D. K. Leavitt . John M. Hunt . . PAGE setween 446, 447 " 450, 451 " 450, 451 Anna Penn . . 380 Rev. Samuel West . 453 Ira Ferguson Franklin Fridman . 395 . 396 Samuel R. S. West . Rebecca West . 455 . 456 Antony Sylvester Dr. John G. Rogers Jonathan S. Donham George W. Castlen Thomas Donaldson . 397 facing 414 " 415 423 . 423 Moses Elstun Jesse L. Teal Alfred E. Davis . Silas R. Hutchinson . Daniel Turner . 457 . 458 . 459 facing 472 " 476 Anna M. Donaldson . 424 Samuel Perin . 483 Martin Ryan between 424, 425 Dr. P. B. Gatch . . 485 William Hawkins " 424, 425 Dr. J. B. Cline . . 486 Watts McMurchy D. E. Fee . . 426 . 427 Thomas Paxton Thomas Paxton . facing 486 . 487 David White . 428 Dr. John E. Myers facing 492 Eben S. Ricker facing 430 Dr. D. S. Lyman . 500 Benjamin Archer between 432, 433 Gilman S. Renner . 500 George Duckwall " 432, 433 Marion Myers . 501 J. R. Foster facing 434 Robert McClave . . 502 Abner Butler " 436 William Roudebush . . 512 A. D. Butler 436 Elizabeth C. Roudebush . 515 Elbridge G. Ricker . 439 James Crosson . . 517 Lewis Nash 440 Edward Patchell 544 Jacob Ebersole . ... .441 Ambrose Roudebush , . 545 Michael Behymer . 442 James B. Shaw . . 546 Dr. Elisha Bennett between 446, 447 N.Anderson . . . . . 556 ILLTJSTBATIOITS. PAGE WILLIAMSBURGH. Outline Map of County ... . . facing 9 PAGE Portrait of John Williams facing 308 Portrait of Gen. U. S. Grant (steel) .... facing 186 " L. T. Pease " 309 " Abbie C. McKeever (steel) tt 310 BATAVIA. Residence of Lewis McKever a 311 View of Court-House facing - 243 Portraits of Lewis McKever and Wife it 311 Portrait of Col. William Howard (steel) " 246 Residence of 0. H. Harden tt 312 " Michael Cowen between 250, 251 Portrait of 0. H. Harden . (I 312 " A. T. Cowen . 250, 251 " P. J. Nichols " 254, 255 TATE. " J. S. Brunaugh John S. Griffith 254, 255 facing 256 " 260 Portrait of Col. Wm. Thomas facing 330 " R. W. Clarke ... Residence of Lewis Fagaly " 332 Portrait of S. B. Smith " Cyrus Gaskins, M.D. 262 Residence of John Bunn . 270' " L. W. Bishop 273 FRANKLIN. Portraits of L. W. Bishop and Wife . 273 Residence of Thomas Logan .... facinp- 340 Portrait of II. V. Kerr . 275 John Kinney „ 340 " Samuel F. Dowdney . 276 " Henry Kinney tt 350 " M. A. Wood . 1 jetween 278, 279 Portrait of William Waterfield . it 352 H. B. Mattox . " 278, 279 " Dr. Matthew Gibson 35G " John J. Howard " 278, 279 " Alexander Smith 357 " Lemuel Teasdale " 278, 279 " Moses Larkin . 358 M. J. W. Holter . " 278, 270 Residence of Lewis Richey facing 358 " Joseph Bicking " 278, 279 Portrait of Lewis Richey . tt 358 " James Hulick, Sr. . " 280, 281 " William R. Richey . a 359 " James Hulick . " 280, 281 Residence of William R. Richey tt 359 W. W. Perkins " 280, 281 Portrait of Jared Brush 359 Residence of J. W. Duckwall . facing 281 Residence of Samuel Miller facing a 360 Portrait of J. W. Duckwall " 281 Portraits of Samuel Miller and Wife 360 " John S. Parrott . 282 " Henry Bolender and Wife a 361 Residence of A. Hulick facing 283 Residence of Henry Bolender . it 361 Portrait of A. Hulick 283 Portrait of B. F. Holter . 361 CONTENTS. ILLTJSTRATIOlsrS. WASHINGTON. PAGE PAGE Residence of S. R. S. West .... facing 454 Residence of G. Scott Logan facing 364 Portrait of S. R. S. West a 455 Portrait of John Buchanan " 366 " Rebecca West a 456 " George Gregg .... t. 368 " Moses Elstun 457 " Sarah Gregg .... tt 368 Residence of Jesse L. Teal facing 458 Residence of C. C. Myers .... a 370 Portrait of Jesse L. Teal . ... tt 45S Portraits of Jacob and William M. Fee tt 376 " Alfred E. Davis .... tt 459 Portrait of James McMath between 376, 377 Residence of Alfred E. Davis .... it 459 " Dr. I. H. Day . " 376 ,377 J. I. Selby facing 377 MIAMI. Benjamin Penn (steel) a 379 " Anna Penn (steel) . n 380 Residence of George A. Rusk .... facing 464 Portraits of Silas R. Hutchinson and Wife tt 472 MONROE. " Daniel Turner and Wife . Portrait of Samuel Perin (steel) a tt 476 483 Residenoe of Henry Barkley facing 386 Residence of Dr. P. B. Gatch .... tt 485 Birthplace of Gen. U. S. Grant " 389 Portraits of Dr. P. B. Gatch and Wife It 485 Residence of Ira Ferguson (( 395 Portrait of Dr. J. B. 011™ .... 486 Portraits of Ira Ferguson and Wife . " 395 Portraits of Thomas and Rebecca Paxton . facing 486 Portrait of Franklin Fridman . 396 Residence of Thomas Paxton .... tc 487 Residence of A. Sylvester .... facing 396 Portraits of Thomas and Emily C. Paxton a 487 Portraits of A. Sylvester and Wife n 396 GOSHEN. OHIO. Portrait of Dr. John E. Myers .... facing 492 Portrait of Dr. J. G. Rogers facing 414 " D. Holmes 495 " Jonathan S. Donham " 415 Residence of Dr. D. S. Lyman (with portrait) . facing 499 " George W. Castlen . a 423 " G. S. Renner tt 500 Portraits of Thomas Donaldson and Wife . 423 Portraits of G. S. Renner and Wife . a 500 Portrait of Martin Ryan .... between 424 425 n 501 " William Hawkins . " 424 425 Portrait of M. Myers n 501 426 " Jesse T. MoCIave .... tt 502 427 Portraits of Robert McClave and Wife n 502 " David White .... 428 PIERCE. WAYNE. Portrait of Eben S. Ricker facing 430 Portrait of William Roudebush (steel) . . between 512, 513 " Benjamin Archer between 432 433 " Elizabeth C. Roudebush (steel) " 512, 513 " George Duckwall " 432 433 Residence of William Roudebush facing 514 " J. R. Foster facing 434 517 Portraits of Abner and A. D. Butler " 436 Portrait of E. G. Ricker .... " 439 STONELICK. " Jacob Ebersole . tt 441 Residence of T. W. Hill facing 530 441 " J. M. Shaw . ... a 534 Residence of Michael Behyiner . facing 442 Portrait of James B. Shaw " Edward Patchell .... tt tt 534544 UNION. Residence of E. C. Patchell tt 544 Residence of W. W. Duckwall . facing 443 '4 A. Roudebush .... it 545 Portrait of Dr. Elisha Bennett . between 446 447 Portrait of A. Roudebush . . . a 545 " Joseph Davis . 446 447 " D. K. Leavitt .... " 450 451 JACKSON. " John M. Hunt .... " 450 451 Residence of N. Anderson facing 556 " Rev. Samuel West . facing 453 Portraits of N. Anderson and Wife . tt 556 HISTORY OF CLEEMONT COUNTY, OHIO. BY J. L. EOCKEY AND R. J. BANCROFT. CHAPTER I. THE OHIO VALLET-GENEEAL SITUATION AND TOPOdBAPHY OF THE COUNTRY BETWEEN THE SCIOTO AND LITTLE MIAMI RIVERS— GEOGRA PHY OP THE PRESENT COUNTY. "Where the grand Ohio winds its lone way Through fields and flowers and herbage richly gay.'' The Indians who lived in the beautiful Ohio Valley applied various titles to the stream from which it takes its name. The Shawnees called the Ohio River Kis-ke-pi-la- sepe, that is, " Eagle" River. The Wyandots were in the valley generations before the Shavmees, and, consequently, their name of the river is the primitive one, and should be given the preference above all others. " Ohio" may be called an improvement on their expression, O-he-zuh, and was, no doubt, adopted by the early French voyageurs in their boat-songs, and is substantially the same word as used by the Wyandots, the meaning applied by the French — "fair and beautiful," "La belle riviere" — being precisely the same as that meant by the Indians : " great, grand, and fair to look upon." The imagination suggests with no diffi culty the picture of what the Ohio Valley must have been fourscore years ago, with the Little Miami River rolling down dark and silent as to-day ; the play of light and cloud- shadow over the landscape ; the transparent haze that hung over the amethystine hills iri the peaceful valleys of the Scioto. Visions of it throng backward and make up the picture as it was when " Stout-hearted Louis Wetzel Rode down the river-shore, The wilderness behind him, The wilderness before, Pausing at times to gather The wild-fruit overhead (For in this rarest of June days The service-berries were red)." And we see, as on canvas, how he rode " Into the heart of the greenwood, Into the heart of the June." From Pittsburgh (the colonial Fort Duquesne) to its mouth the Ohio River is nine hundred and forty-nine 2 miles in length, and on Clermont is eighteen hundred feet, or about one-third of a mile, wide, and its mean annual range from low to high water is some fifty feet, the extreme range being some fifteen more. Its greatest depressions are generally in August, September, and October, and its greatest rise in December, March, May, and June. The upward navigation is usually suspended by floating ice sev eral weeks in the winter, and often in the summer rendered difficult by low water. Its current at its mean height is about three miles an hour ; when rising and higher, it is more ; and when very low, it does not equal two miles. It is universally conceded that for beauty of scenery, salubrity of climate, and adaptation to the purposes of commerce and manufacture this Valley of the Ohio stands unrivaled in America. Winding its way from the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela through an extensive agricultural region, the river's broad waters receive and distribute merchandise and the products of the soil over an area of thousands of miles, while from its contiguous shores are supplied fuel and mining resources that have so largely built up our country and enabled it to successfully compete in its manu factured articles with the continental lands. Nearly a cen tury ago, on its banks and rich bottoms, extending back for miles, the unaccustomed luxuriance of the vegetation and the majestic size of the forest-trees, covered with thickest foliage, astonished and delighted the eye of the Eastern emigrant floating down its waters in search of a new home in the far West. Even in winter, when many settlements were made, the scene, though divested of its summer glories, was far from being unattractive or uninteresting. Game of every description abounded in the woods, the noble river teemed with fish, and the valley seemed a paradise to the settler fresh from the barren Eastern settlements. William Dana Emerson — a poet of the Ohio Valley, born in Mari etta in 1813 — paid rich poetic tribute to the changeful beauty of the scenes of old and later times in this valley, and one of his early rhythmic efforts was addressed to the Ohio River, and is as pretty an accompaniment to the movement of the river as is Wordsworth's song to Yarrow. One' of the sweetest of his stanzas runs : 9 10 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. " How Spring has decked the forest ! That forest kneels to thee; And the loDg canoe and the croaking skiff Are stemming thy current free; Thy placid marge is fringed with green, Save where the villas intervene." The territory between the Little Miami and Scioto Rivers, embracing in whole or in part twenty-three counties, was the "Virginia Military Reservation," and was the patriotic tribute as partial reward to the sons of the old common wealth of Virginia for their services in the Revolutionary war, rendered in the Virginia line on the Continental estab lishment. The word " Miami" in the Ottawa language is said to signify " mother," and was originally the designation of the tribe who anciently bore the name of Te-wight-e-wee, and which tribe were the original inhabitants of the Miami Valley, and affirmed they were created in it. To the smaller of the two Miami Rivers was very early given the name of " Little Miami," — the best known and richest in historical incidents of any river in Ohio. The name " Scioto" was originally applied by the Wyandots to the river. But they, however, called it Sci-on-to, meaning, no doubt, " on to the Ohio ;'' and any other signification has never been found by antiquarians. The surface of the country between the Little Miami and Scioto, particularly in the central and southern townships, is highly diversified. The several tributaries of the Ohio have cut deep valleys, and descend them with a com paratively rapid fall. The most considerable topographical features of Adams and Brown Counties are the valleys of Brush Creek and its outlying tributaries in the former county, and those of White Oak, Straight, and Eagle Creeks in the latter; and particularly in Adams is the ground hilly and broken, and in its eastern part mountainous and not fertile. Scioto, Pike, Ross, and Highland Counties are partly broken in surface, having great hills, and some times mountains ; while the rest of the " Virginia Reser vation," excluding Clermont, is comparatively even, and less varied in characteristics, with but few streams of water, and being of almost similar features. In Clermont County the surface is level or undulating, excepting the hills on the Ohio River, or on many inland streams or creeks; and, while it is thus varied in character, ranging from the smooth and scarce undulating plain to hills of no feeble pretensions, there is not a county in the State that has a smaller amount of waste lands within its borders. Though its hills mi"ht by some be objected to, they not only add to the richness of the valleys that lie between them, but appear unquestion ably set apart by Nature to produce the most delicious fruits; so that the% husbandman can draw with confidence on every acre to contribute its full share to his comfort and support. It is the first fruit-and-berry county in Ohio in the quantity and quality of its peaches, pears, quinces, strawberries, and raspberries, and in tobacco is unsurpassed on the continent for fine leaf. Its peculiar situation and immediate proximity to Cincinnati have made it, as it were a garden-spot for that great city, to the markets of which it daily contributes such vast amounts of agricultural, horti cultural, dairy, and poultry products. At an early day a portion of Clermont was regarded as a land of interminable swamps, and was settled slowly ; its bottom-lands were shunned because of fever and ague which everywhere seemed to visit the settler upon such localities. These first impressions were erroneous, for, while in a state of nature much of the land was swampy, covered with water for miles in the spring season, without any appearance of natural drains to bear off the water, or of any easy method to effect the object by artificial means, yet, in truth, it was found to be easily reclaimed so as to make fine farming-sites by removing the fallen timber and rubbish which encumbered the ground, stopping up all the natural drains, and holding the water in ponds upon the surface, until, by this slow process of soaking into the earth, or the slower one of evaporation (since it was so shaded with timber that the sun could hardly penetrate it), the water finally disappeared. When farms began to be opened and the fallen timber removed, and a passage for the water made, it was seen that no permanent obstacle by reason of swamps was to be regarded in making fine tillable farms. In the first quarter of the century of the country's history, the " wet land," of which there was such a large proportion in the middle and northern part, was considered almost worthless. But a great change took place in public opinion when it was ascertained that, by judicious drainage and cultivation, it improved rapidly in fertility. At that time these lands were covered with water more than half the summer, and were called slashes, but now the water leaves the surface in the woods early in the spring. In the early settlement the evenings were cool as soon as the sun went down, and it was a score of years before warm nights came ; and this coolness of the evenings was a matter of general remark among the emigrants from the old States. It is believed to have been owing to the immense forests that covered the country and shut out the rays and heat of the sun from the surface of the ground, for after sunset there was no warm earth to impart heat to the atmosphere. No county in Ohio surpasses Clermont in the number and characteristics of its fine streams and creeks, of which the east fork of the Little Miami is-the longest and most noted. Having its source near the Highland County boundary-line, it flows through Perry township, in Brown County, and enters Clermont on its eastern boundary-line, in Jackson township, near Marathon, bears off south, passing through Williamsburgh township, borders upon Tate, winds through the centre of Batavia, bounds upon Union, and, after run ning into Miami township,' finally empties itself into the Little Miami, near Milford. From the mouth to the point it first enters the county is probably twenty miles on a straight line, but, following the course of the stream, is not less than fifty. On one side or the other in its meandering through the county spreads out a fine, rich bottom, and sometimes on each, which contain the most fertile soils in the State and make the best improved farms in the West particularly adapted to the production of corn, and now beginning to be planted with tobacco, of which is raised the brightest leaf. Many of the smaller streams were valuable at an early day for milling purposes, but as the country was developed, the land cleared, the forests removed, and the natural outlets for the water opened up, they poured out their waters so rapidly that they ceased to be reliable for milling, and have most generally long since been abandoned. GEOGRAPHY. 11 Of the creeks emptying into the Ohio in the county, Bull- skin is the best known, from the fact that at its mouth most of the early emigrants descending the Ohio landed and there tarried a while — sometimes a year or two — till they bought them homes or located their lands. It rises in Brown County, in Clark township, and flows south to the central part of Lewis, thence southwest into Clermont, through Franklin township into the Ohio at Rural, two miles below the Brown county-line. A small tributary to it is Painter's Creek, rising in Tate township. Bear Creek, having its source near Felicity, flows southwest, and empties into the Ohio in Washington township, about a mile above Neville ; aud Maple, rising near the central boundary-line of Franklin and Washington townships, runs through the latter southwesterly and seeks the Ohio just below Neville. Big Indian Creek, rising in Tate, flows south into Franklin, thence south and west into Washington, and through it westerly into Monroe, thence southwest into the Ohio at Point Pleasant. Boat Run, having its source in the centre of Monroe, runs southwest, emptying into the Ohio at Cler- montville. Twelve-Mile Creek, rising in the northern part of Monroe, flows southwest and through Ohio township, striking the Ohio just below New Richmond. Ten-Mile Creek, rising in the extreme eastern part of Pierce, flows westwardly, and for over a mile parallel with the Ohio, and then empties into Nine-Mile Creek (which has three forks), which, having its source in Union township, flows rather southwest, emptying into the Ohio at the boundary-line point between Clermont and Hamilton Counties ; in very early times it was also called John's or Muddy Creek. Obannon Creek rises in Wayne township and flows south westerly into Goshen, thence northwesterly into Miami township and into Warren County, thence circles around into Clermont again, and in Miami township discharges itself into the Little Miami at Lovelaud. Stonelick Creek, having its head in Clinton County, comes into Clermont near Woodville, and flows southwest through Wayne and Stonelick townships, and finds its mouth in the east fork, just below East Liberty. Grassy Run, in Jackson town ship, rises near Logtown, and joins the east fork below Marathon and Pleasant Run ; running through the centre of same township, empties into east fork, in the Hutchinson settlements. Shaler's Run has its headwaters near With- amsville, and flows northeasterly through Union township into the east fork a mile or more below East Liberty. Backbone Run, in Batavia township, empties into the east fork at Infirmary Farm ; and Lucy's Run, rising near Amelia, finds the east fork just south of Batavia; while Slab Camp Run, rising near Afton, empties into the east fork at Horseshoe Bend. Ubrey's Run, with headwaters in Monroe township, flows north past "Bantam Fair- Grounds" into Batavia township to the east fork. Poplar Creek, rising in the eastern part of Tate, flows north westerly into Clover Creek, which, rising in Pike township, in Brown County, flows southwest, and thence northwest into Clermont County, thence same course, and emptying into the east fork about a mile southwest of Concord. Little Indian rises in the southwestern part of Tate and flows southwesterly into Big Indian, in the northern part of Washington. The county contains four hundred aid thirty-eight square miles, and is bounded on the north by the counties of War ren and Clinton, on the east by that of Brown, on the west by that of Hamilton and the Little Miami River, and on the south by the Ohio River. There are but two inland townships, or ones not bordering on other counties, — viz., Batavia and Stonelick. Five townships, Wayne, Jackson, Williamsburgh, Tate, and Franklin, border on Brown County ; one, Wayne, on Clinton ; three, Wayne, Goshen, and Miami, on Warren ; three, Miami, Union, and Pierce, on Hamilton ; and five, Pierce, Ohio, Monroe, Washing ton, and Franklin, on the Ohio River. On the east the county is twenty-eight miles long ; on the north, from Loveland to the Brown county-line, the distance is thirteen miles; on the south, from the Brown county-line to Hamil ton county-line, by the river-road, is twenty-five and seven- tenths miles ; and from the Ohio River to Loveland, by an air-line on the west, is fifteen miles. From Point Pleasant to the Brown county-line is nine miles ; from New Rich mond to same, eleven and one-half miles ; from the Hamilton county-line, on tho Ohio turnpike, to same, fourteen miles; from Moscow to same, eight and three-fourths miles ; and from the mouth of the east fork, on the Hamilton county- line, to same, fourteen miles. From New Richmond to Loveland is eighteen and one-fourth miles ; from Point Pleasant to the Warren county-line is twenty-one miles ; from Moscow to same, twenty-four miles ; from Neville to same, twenty-six and one-fourth miles ; and from Chilo to same, twenty-seven miles. From the court-house to the Ohio River at Palestine is seven and one-half miles ; to it at New Richmond, nine miles ; to it at Point Pleasant, ten and one-half miles ; to it at Moscow, thirteen miles ; to it at Neville, fifteen and one-half miles ; and to it at Chilo sixteen and one-half. From the court-house to the Hamil ton county-line is six and one-half miles ; to that of Brown County, seven and three-quarter miles ; to that of Warren County, eleven miles ; and to that of Clinton County, thir teen and one-fourth miles. The following table shows the fourteen townships of Clermont, with their number of acres of land : Names of Townships. o - . 0. CO S o p ~ 3 = P O) =o S > 5P «_ '5= - O - -p > 3"° Ii *- S o o w P. i, " 3 o < C •a ¦ a and potatoes. For a few years after the forests that once covered them are cleared off they produce magical crops of almost everything. But, not having an abundance of organic matter in their composition, they become worth less if cultivated for a number of years in succession. They are very friable and porous at the surface, but the opposite where not exposed to the direct action of the elements. They are not good for wheat, and the worst to wash of all the clays. Though very tenacious, they readily yield to the action of the elements, and after a hard freeze will melt down like unslaked lime. The most productive as well as profitable orchards in the county are found on the yellow clays. Their loose surface and hard, compact sub-soil seems to be the normal one of a large majority of the fruits grown in this latitude. They support a dense and luxuriant growth of vegetation. The poplars, ashes, beeches, and sugars grow to an enormous size in these clays. You seldom, if ever, see a poplar or sugar on any soils save yellow clays and alluvial. The white clays constitute the connecting link between the yellow and black clays in this county, and are the famous oak-ridges long noted for their enormous growth of vegetation. They have not the vegetable matter of either of the other clays, but excel them in organic. They are, taken as a whole, the poorest land, agriculturally, in the county. They are of the same depth as the yellow, but finer in structure, and have been undoubtedly formed in water. They surpass the other clays for wheat, as it does not freeze out on them. The most prominent forest-trees found growing on the white clays are white- and burr-oak, black-ash, white-beech, and white,- black,- and shellbark- hickory. The black clays are nothing more than the white ones stained with vegetable matter, and are found in the maple- and hickory-swamps of this county, and constitute about one-fourth of the areas of Goshen, Wayne, Jackson, and Williamsburgh townships. They are very fertile, but must be surface or underdrained to be productive. At the sur face their color is a deep black, and ranges in depth from one to five feet. They do not pack or bake so readily as the white, on account of the immense amount of vegetable mat ter present. They are particularly adapted to the growth of the grasses, oats, and potatoes of the late varieties. The timber found on them differs from that on any other of the soils in this section of the State. Maple, sweet-gum, white- elm, the hickories, Spanish-oak, red- and white-oak, and gray-ash constitute the principal forest-trees. While the different varieties of timber do not reach the enormous size that they do in other soils, yet the forests are very dense. A good example of the black clays may be seen on the farms of James Turner and J. H. Burns, in Jackson township. The alluvial soils are the combined result of drift and erosion. They are only found in the valley of the Ohio River and its tributaries, and constitute about one-fortieth part of the soils of the county. They are comppsed of vegetable matter, clay, and silt. They are the most fertile of the soils of the county, having in their composition all of the best elements of the others. Those which are below high- water mark are the most fertile, being recuperated almost annually by the overflow of the streams on which they border. They are easily tilled, and produce remunerative crops of all kinds. Oats is the only cereal that does not flourish well on them. In depth they vary ; on the gravel terraces, the most ancient of the drift-soils, they are not over two feet in depth, with an underlying stratum of gravel. On the overflowed lands they range from three to fifteen feet in depth. The fruits do not flourish well on them. Dry weather is their only enemy. In the early settlement of the county they were covered with a luxuriant forest- vegetation which has long since disappeared before the axe of the hardy yeomanry of this county. Huge sycamores, widespreading elms, towering walnuts, and ashes are still occasionally met with on the immediate borders of some of the numerous streams of the county. These soils are well represented in the east fork valley. Agriculturally speaking, they are the only ones that have not been almost entirely exhausted by the past and present system of tillage. The soils of Clermont County are naturally fertile, pro ducing large and remunerative crops of all the products of this latitude, but they must be handled with judgment and care; and when the masses know that the wealth of any country is in its soil, as represented by its products, they' will no doubt take care of one of the greatest interests of the nation, viz., agriculture. CHAPTER III. METEOROLOGY. There are three things that materially affect the tem perature and precipitation of any locality, — viz., proximity to large bodies of water, high mountains, and elevation above the sea. In Clermont County the temperature and precipitation are but little modified by the first two. The mean eleva tion of the county above the sea is nine hundred and twenty-five feet, and, being a part of a vast plateau, though of not great elevation, is subject to greater extremes of heat and cold, moisture and dryness, than those places more ad jacent to the ocean or large lakes. The clearing off of the forests has also materially affected the temperature and pre cipitation, as it is a well-known fact that in winter the wind, passing over large areas of forests, is warmed much more than over cleared land or prairies, as in the latter the rad iation of heat from the earth in early winter is so much greater that their surface soon becomes as cold as the sur rounding air. In summer it is vice versa. The mean height of the barometer is 29.75 ; maximum, 30.25 ; and minimum, 28.25. TEMPERATURE. The average temperature at Cincinnati for the eighty- three years ending Jan. 1, 1880, was 57° 65', and for the last ten years, 53° 65'. During that time the temperature of the spring months has been 53° 65' ; summer, 76° 03' ; autumn, 55° 35' ; winter, 35° 57'. Mean, 54° 67'. 24 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. The difference of temperature between six a.m. and one p.m. is found to be 15° 50'. It is said that the winters of 1792, 1793, 1795, 1799, 1800, 1805, 1806, 1809, and 1810 were very mild. The winter of 1796-97 was one of the coldest ever experienced at Cincinnati, the thermometer falling to eighteen degrees . below zero on the morning of the 8th of January, 1797. This is the lowest that the thermometer has ever recorded at Cincinnati. The wind blew from the northwest, and,- had it not been tempered and broken by the dense forests that covered Ohio at that time, it would have reached a much -lower point. The winter of 1805, being unusually mild, was followed by that of 1806-7, which was extremely cold. On the 7th of February, 1807, commonly culled " Cold Friday," the thermometer indicated eleven degrees below zero. The winters of 1855, 1856, and 1857 were extremely cold, the thermometer being thirty-two times be low zero. The Ohio River was frozen over for two months, so that heavy-loaded wagons could cross over it on the ice with safety. The winter of 1863-64 was very cold. On the 1st day of January, 1864, — known as " Cold New Year," — the thermometer indicated fourteen degrees below zero. It was a great Arctic wave that swept over two-thirds of the continent, and was unusually severe in the South Atlantic States for that latitude. The winters of 1870, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1878, and 1879 were also very cold. The winter of 1879-80 was unusually warm, being the warmest, taken as a whole, of any since 1827, and ten degrees warmer than any since 1835. On the 20th of December, 1877, the thermometer indicated sixty-nine de grees in the shade, and did not fall below sixty-three degrees for several days. On the 18th of October, 1879, it stood at seventy-three degrees, and the mean temperature for that month was sixty-four degrees twenty-nine minutes. FROSTS. These generally occur as late as the 20th of April, and as early as the 20th of September, depending on the direc tion of the winds. Northwest winds in April and Septem ber are sure to bring frost. On the night of the 9th of August, 1809, there was a heavy frost, which damaged the corn so that it would not germinate ; and, had it not been protected by fogs along the valleys and by the timber in the new lands, it would have been entirely destroyed. This is the earliest frost ever recorded in the county. On the ni<*ht of the 28th of August, 1863, there was a heavy frost, which injured the late corn very much. Since 1835 there have been fifteen Septembers in which no frost occurred. In 1859 there was frost in every month in the year save two. The one on the night of the 4th of June did a great amount of damage to the wheat, corn, and vegetation in general. Since 1835 there have been but two Aprils in which there was not more or less frost. PRECIPITATION. During the last eighty-three years the average rainfall has been 39.71 inches at Cincinnati, and for the last twenty-four, 37.61. The least of any year was 1856 in which but 22.88 inches fell ; and the greatest was 69.42 in 1817, followed by 49.17 in 1858. Thirty-nine inches may be considered as the average or mean rainfall of Cler mont County, though it is shown by tone set of tables that it has been 43.80 since 1840, which would make it mqre. For thirty years, ending Jan. 1, 1880, the spring precipitation has been 10.54 inches ; summer, 10.33 ; autumn, 8.76 ; winter, 7.98. It often occurs that one-half of the rainfall is in one of the four divisions. One of the greatest droughts ever experienced in the county was in 1806, when there was no rain from the 16th of June until the 3d of September. The winter of 1855- 56 was extremely dry, only two inches of rain falling from the 1st of December until the 8th of May. The summers of 1867, 1871, 1873, and 1874 were very dry, yet good crops were raised, as what rain fell came at the right time. In 1875, during the months of June and July, seventeen inches of rain fell. In June it rained all but ten days, and in July all but four. Wet seasons are not so injurious since the greater part of the forests have been cleared off as they were years ago, for the reason that the older the country gets and the less forest-area, the more readily will the surface-water escape by natural and artificial drainage. Again, soil that is tilled for any length of time becomes more compact in structure than new land, which is, like a sponge, capable of absorbing or hold ing a large amount of moisture and giving it out as required. Had it not been for this peculiarity of new land, vegetation must have perished in the drought of 1806. SNOW. The average fall of snow for Cincinnati is not far from twenty inches annually, while one degree farther north it is almost thirty-five. On the 1st, 2d, and 3d of January, 1806, it fell to the depth of twenty-four inches. On the 19th of January, 1846, twenty-two inches fell, and on the 18th of January, 1862, twenty-eight, which was the greatest fall ever noted in Southern Ohio. During the winter of 1855-56 it fell to the depth of sixty-nine inches, and sixty- four were recorded for the winter of 1865-66. Snow seldom falls before the 20th of October, and not later than the 10th of April. On the 20th of April, 1814, it fell to the depth of ten inches, and on the 11th of the same month, in 1875, four were recorded. The latest one ever noted in Clermont County fell on the 14th of May, 1864, to the depth of one inch. WINDS. The most prevalent wind in this section of Ohio is the southwest, from which direction it has blown two hundred days out of three hundred and sixty five during the last twenty-five years, and is the prevalent one nine out of the twelve months. In December, January, and February the northwest is the most prevalent, and ranks next to the south west, taken as a whole. The west wind blows mostly during the winter months, while the east, north, and south are nearly equal as to prevalency. The southwest wind's arc of two classes, viz. : humid and arid. The former is always followed by more or less precipitation ; the latter succeeds it. The one comes before ;t is needed ; the other is needed before it comes. The southern winds are more prevalent than the northern, and the western than the eastern. METEOROLOGY. 25 CLOUDS. From 1807 to 1879 in Clermont County the average clear days out of the three hundred and sixty-five was one hundred and seventy-two ; cloudy, one hundred and four ; variable, eighty-nine. July, August, and September have the greatest number of clear days, while November, Decem ber, and January have the most cloudy. The most preva lent clouds in summer are the nimbus, cumulo-stratus, and stratus ; in winter, stratus, cirro-stratus, and cumulo-stratus. STORMS. A majority oftthem come from the north and southwest. If from any other direction, they are of a local nature ; if accompanied by wind, generally occur from one to five p.m. Before the settlement of the county a tornado passed near the present site of Williamsburgh, destroying immense quan tities of timber, not leaving a tree standing in a large area ; from that fact the locality took the name of the " Fallen Timber." On the 15th of May, 1814, one of the most terrific hailstorms ever recorded passed over the county. Hailstones were found weighing eight to ten ounces and measuring fifteen to sixteen inches in circumference. In connection with this storm was a singular phenomenon : At the time the hail fell there was but a slight wind ; but, immediately after, a violent one from the southwest set in, accompanied by waves of heated air, which caused the leaves of many of the trees to wither which had not been exposed to the fury of the storm. The first general tor nado that ever passed over the county occurred Sunday. May 28, 1819. It originated in the northern part of Ten nessee and terminated in Pennsylvania, traveling in a north west direction, having a velocity of eighty miles per hour. Its path was marked with destruction. Trees, fences, houses, and buildings of all kinds were destroyed, and the loss of life exceeded fifty. On the 10th of June, 1840, the county was again visited by a tornado. It came from the southwest, and did an immense amount of damage to the growing crops, felling trees and unroofing buildings. A few weeks after, the neighborhood of Boston was visited by a hailstorm of unusual severity ; but was local, as they generally are. On the 21st of May, 1860, one of the most violent windstorms ever experienced in this latitude passed over Clermont County. It came from the northwest and occurred at half-past two P.M., lasting one hour and ten minutes. It destroyed over fifty thousand dollars' worth of timber, besides doing an immense amount of other damage. Its path was four hundred and fifty miles long and one hundred and fifty wide, and its force was not abated until it reached the great lakes. The storms on Stonelick in 1866, and near Goshen in 1876, were very severe. They had a vertical as well as a horizontal motion. Storms of that character in this latitude are always local. • A great many storms have occurred in the county at differ ent dates of great violence, but local in their nature. A careful study of them shows that the most violent have occurred in the months of May, June, and September, and that they have almost universally come from the southwest. In winter storms of continuous rain come from the north and southeast, and seldom, if ever, from the west. No storms of violence have ever been noted that came from those two points. INDIAN SUMMER. Generally in the autumn of every year we have a period to which this appellation is affixed. It usually succeeds frosts, rain, or snow, beginning in October, or the 1st of November, continuing for one, two, and three weeks, and sometimes longer, with occasional storms. But the pecu liarity, and from what it takes its name, is the atmosphere, which is smoky, dry, and serene, through which sun and moon exhibit at morning and evening faces of darkened crimson. During this period the verdure of the forests fades away or passes into the countless varieties of brown, red, and yellow, which give to the surrounding scenery a dull and sombre aspect. The occurrence of a rain with a northwest wind at length suddenly dispels the gloom, strips the woods- of its remaining foliage, and introduces winter with a transparent and cheering atmosphere. The cause of this smokiness is supposed to be (or was formerly) the burning by the Indians of the withered grass and herbs on the extensive prairies to the northwest, and hence the name of the season, which in Clermont County is of un surpassed loveliness, and is probably caused by the same conditions of the atmosphere .as the November fogs of England. EARTHQUAKES. The first shock ever experienced in Clermont County was the one of May 5, 1804. Though this and successive shocks were not attended by any of the appalling calami ties that have been noted in other parts of the continent, nor is it reasonable to suppose that they ever will, yet their history cannot fail to interest the reader. The next one was felt Dec. 16, 1811, at twenty-four minutes after two P.M. The motion was a quick oscillation or rocking from east to west, and lasted for seven minutes. It was preceded by a low rumbling or rushing noise. It was so violent as to agitate the loose furniture, open partition-doors, — those fastened with falling-latches, — and throw off the tops of a few chimneys. The log house formerly occupied by Oscar Johnston, in Union township, was noticed to shake violently by its oocupants, who expected it to be thrown down every moment. One peculiarity about this shock was that it varied so much in different localities. On the 17th, 18th, and 31st slight shocks were felt. On the 3d of January another one occurred. Again on the 23d and 27th, and February 4th, 5th, and 6th. On the 17th, at forty-five minutes past three a.m., there were alarming shocks in succession, more violent than any before noted, throwing down the tops of chimneys, making wide fissures in the back-walls, and producing vertigo and nausea in a greater number of people than those previously felt. On the 8th there were three shocks, and one on the 11th, 13th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 20th, 21st, 22d, and 23d. March 3d, one; 5th, three; 11th, one; April 30th, one. Shocks were felt May 4th and 10th, June 25th and 26th, September 15th, December 22d, March 6, 1813, and December 12th. Their focus was at New Madrid, Mo., and they were gener ally of a horizontal direction and moved south-southeast. In 1859 a slight shock was felt in September, and again in 1864 ; but these were scarcely perceptible. 26 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. CHAPTER IV PBEHISTOEIC RACES. In Clermont County, as elsewhere in the Ohio Valley, we find earthworks, in the form of mounds, elevated squares, walls, and ditches, of which its inhabitants at the time it was first explored by the whites knew nothing as to their origin or history. But by common consent they have been decided to be the work of the Mound-Builders, a prehistoric race whose works in Ohio number ten thousand mounds and fifteen hundred inclosures. Of these, two hundred of the former and seven of the latter are found in Clermont County. Ethnologists have divided the period of prehistoric man into two ages, — viz., Stone and Metal, — and the former into three epochs. Of these epochs the Mound-Builders belonged to the highest in the scale of civilization, — viz., the Polished Stone, — as attested by their implements of peace and war, or, in other words, of the chase, of industry, and of ornament, which have been found in great numbers in this country. Again, they have been subdivided, in regard to pursuits, into three classes, — viz., agricultural, military, effigy. Of these subdivisions, the Mound-Builders in this county belonged to the first. As to their origin and history, space will not admit of an ethnological discus sion, involving, as it would, man's origin and antiquity and the merits and demerits of accepted biblical and geological chronologies. But suffice to say they were a race that at one time extended their rule over two-thirds of the Amer ican continent, having the tropics as a common centre, from which they radiated north and south ; and that they in the course of time were either destroyed by pestilence or con quered by another people, who had not reached so high a point in the scale of civilization, is an undisputed fact. As to their antiquity, there are no proofs to be found in this county, as in others, that they were contemporary with the mammoth, mastodon, and other extinct animals, or that there has been any change in its fauna or flora since their advent, or that their works have been abandoned for a longer period than a thousand years, which to some extent rival those of the Shepherd Kings. Constructed as they have been of earth, the force of erosion would have almost obliterated them, or at least the lesser ones, had they been built for a longer period than from one thousand to fifteen hundred years. Again, the condition of the skeletons found in them, when the composition of the soil forming these works is taken into consideration, shows that they are not of as remote an origin as would be supposed. That they were a numerous people cannot be doubted when we think of the immense number of their inclosures, mounds, and hearths or camping-places, and the numerous implements of agriculture and manufacture. In this county the evidences that they were an agricultural people are abundant. Their pestles, mortars, and corn-mills are living witnesses. They no doubt, from the location of their works, partly subsisted by fishing and hunting, which the valley of the east fork in olden time was typical ground. That they had a system of religion and worshiped the sun, moon, and elements, especially fire, is a self-evident fact from the number of sacrificial mounds found in the county (and if they did not, they are an exception to the many prehistoric races that have had an existence since man's creation). Of geometry they must have had some knowledge, from the form of their works ; for in their construction we find cir cles, squares, octagons, combs, triangles, and cones. Their works, as tp purpose, have been divided into two general classes, — viz., inclosures and mounds. The first has been subdivided into three classes, — viz., military, sacred, and miscellaneous ; the second into four, — viz., sacrificial, temple-sites, sepulchral, and observation. Of the works belonging to the first class, they are all constructed of earth in this county ; of the second, a few of earth and stone- combined. That there is some difficulty in giving the sub class to which each of the works belong is plain when so many of them have been despoiled, and others not a few have not been examined internally. It being impossible to give a detailed description of all of the numerous works in the county, only typical ones under each head will be given. In this connection mention should be made of the fact that in this county there seems to have been a series of works belonging together. Thus we have those of upper and lower east fork, Upper Stonelick, Lower Twelve-Mile, and Indian. INCLOSURES. Of the inclosures, the one near Milford, on the farm of Rev. George Gatch, deceased, is the largest found in the county. Its form is nearer that of a trapezoid than of any other geometrical figure, and may be said to consist of two inclosures. The area inclosed by its walls is eighteen acres, which are at the present time four feet in height (formerly eight) and truncated. At each angle there is an opening about eight feet wide, and opposite that, at a distance of twenty feet from the angle, is a low mound. The ditch is on the inside of the parapet. This inclosure, from its to pographical situation (being on the second bottoms, sur rounded on three sides by high hills, and no means of ob taining water save from the east fork and Miami River, distant one-half mile), leaves no doubt that it belongs to that class regarded as sacred. Near Perin's Mills, on the farms of Ira Perin, Esq., and William Malott, deceased, are two inclosures of the same class. They inclose ten acres each, and have the form of perfect squares. Their walls, when first seen by the whites, were five feet in height, but at present are but three. They also have openings at each angle, with mounds opposite them on the outside. On the farm of Ezekiel Edwards, near Elstun's Station, in Union township, is another one, with the exception of its form and area, similar to those described above. Its form is that of a rhomboid, and its area fifteen acres. On the farm of E. C. Patchell, in Stonelick, is a circular one, situated on both sides of the Cincinnati turnpike. Its walls are from three to five feet in height, and inclose eight acres. Its northern line borders on Stonelick Creek. On the east side, a short distance from the wall, is a low mound, three feet high and one hundred and eighty in circumfer ence, composed of broken limestone and red sand and clay mixed. On the farm of Jonathan Shaw, in Ohio town ship, is an inclosure covering an area, of some extent. Its shape is that of a triangle. When first discovered its walls were five feet in height, with a moat outside of the parapet three feet deep, in which water stood during a greater por- PREHISTORIC RACES. 27 tion of the year. This, unlike the preceding ones, is situ ated on a high table-land overlooking the valley of Twelve- Mile Creek, and was no doubt used as a fortress. WALLS. On the farm of Mrs. Elizabeth Hartman, in Jackson township, is a wall some four feet in height, with the ditch on the outside. Its shape is that of a crescent, and it is some thirty rods in length. Whether this is part of an in tended inclosure or was made as a means of defense the writer is unable to say. MOUNDS. Of the class sacrificial, they are numerous in this county. Of these, the one on the farm of John Hadly, in Jackson township, is the largest. It is twelve feet in height and sixty in circumference. Though not fully examined, enough was seen to justify the assertion. On the farm of B. F. Clark, in Wayne township, is one that has been closely examined ; also one on the farm of G. I. Irving, in Miami township. That the reader may have a general knowledge of their contents, composition, etc., let it be said that they are gen erally stratified, the strata being convex layers of clay and loam alternating above a layer of fine sand. They generally contain ashes, charcoal, igneous stones, calcined bones, beads, stone implements, and pottery. On the farms of B. F. Clark and Elijah Cowen are three mounds unlike any others examined by the writer, but probably belonging to this class. They are situated on the northern slope of the Stonelick hills, fifty feet above low-water mark in that stream, are three feet in height and thirty in circumference, and are composed of rock and earth. The rocks, which are limestone, show that they have been subject to a great heat. The earth, which is a tough clay, also shows the effects of fire. All through the mass ashes, charcoal, and great quan tities of bones are found, some calcined and some not, and, taken as a whole, indicates that the Mound- Builders had a knowledge of cremation. Of the temple-mounds, there are none found in this county. Of the sepulchral, they are very abundant in the county, and number at least one hundred and twenty-five. They are conical in shape and range from three to fifteen feet in height, and always contain, so far as examined, from one to five skeletons. In a majority you find evidences of fire from the color of the earth and the finding of ashes and char coal. You also find in them implements of war, industry, and ornament, such as mica, pottery, copper, brass, plum mets, flint knives, breastplates, and pipes, in close proximity to the skeletons. The largest of these is on the farm of Benjamin John ston, in Jackson township, and is situated on the table-land, distant two hundred yards from the east fork. It is fifteen feet in height and sixty in diameter, and when first dis covered had slabs of limestone sitting perpendicular in its apex. It is composed of a yellow sand, which has been subjected to a great heat. Near Williamsburgh, on the farm of Francis Leffingwell, are two of this class that are at least six hundred years old, from the size of the trees growing on them. They have been examined and a great many skeletons taken out ; also pottery, pipes, and arrowheads have been found. On the farm of Geary Hutchinson, in Jackson township, are six low mounds on the north bank of the east fork that have cists or stone chests in them, inclosing a skeleton each. These cists are made by re moving the surface-earth a few inches in depth, over which flat stones were laid. On the sides and ends the same kind of stones were "set on edge. In this the body was put in a sitting position and the top covered with flat stones, and over all earth was placed to the depth of from one to three feet. In size, the cists are from four to six feet in length, two in width, and about the same in height. On the farm of J. D. McKeever, in Williamsburgh township, are two mounds entirely composed of stone. In these there are cists, which radiate from the centre in all directions, making their circumference from thirty to ninety feet. Over these cists are loose stone, instead of earth, to the height of four feet. On the farm of Ezekiel Hutchinson, in Jackson township, in connection with a sepulchral mound, is a circular depression two feet in depth and eighteen in diameter. In this connection it might be well to remark that there are several prehistoric cemeteries in this county. The most prominent ones are located near the Miami township ceme tery, on the Cincinnati turnpike, on the farm of Oliver Perin, in Union township, and on the farm of Moses Elstun, Esq., in the same township. In all of these implements are found in connection with the skeletons. The one on the farm of Moses Elstun, Esq., is situated on what is called " Sand Ridge," which runs at right angles with the east fork. In this cemetery the skeletons are found about two feet below the surface, in cists. On the farm of Daniel Turner, at the mouth of Dry Run, is one, wjhich, as to the number of skeletons found in it, is the largest of any found so far in the county. It is situated on the brow of the hill, overlooking the east fork valley, at an elevation of two hundred feet above it. Its area is about forty feet square, inclosed by flat stones set on edge. This cemetery seems to be a large ditch, in which the bodies have been buried, one on top of the other, to the depth of five feet, and over which is a stratum of earth two feet in thickness. The immense number of skeletons found here with no evidences of fire, and the finding of no imple ments, leads the writer to believe that it is not of prehistoric origin. In the skeletons found in the above mounds, etc., there is a similarity. The forehead is low, making the facial angle less than the negro, and the maxillary bones are un usually large, and so are the femur, which would, in pro portion, make a man eight feet in height. One of the largest skeletons noted by the writer was found in the Sand Ridge cemetery. The skull was in a good state of preser vation, together with the teeth ; all the rest of the bones were decomposed, with the exception of one of the femurs, which was unusually large. The cranium, etc., are now in the possession of the Ohio Medical College, at Cincinnati, Ohio. Of the mounds of observation there are not a few in this county, mostly situated upon eminences, appearing in 28 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. chains or regular systems, and still bear traces of the beacon-fires that once burned upon them. On the east fork and the Ohio River hills they are the most abundant. They vary in height from three to fifteen feet, and are com posed of loam. On the farms of Dr. Wood, near Chilo, of John Shaw, near New Richmond, and of W. F. and G. M. Roudebush, in Pierce township, are good examples of this class. There are no animals, mounds, or effigies in Cler mont County. It has been stated that the Mound-Builders in Clermont County were an agricultural people, but partly subsisting by the products of the chase and the inhabitants of the various streams found in it or on its border. To till the soil, manufacture cloth, hunt and fish, and ornament the person all required specific implements, which, as to use, have been divided into the following classes, viz., war, hunting and fishing, agriculture, manufactures, and orna ment. These implements were made of stone, bone, and red hematite iron-ore, in general terms. The implements of war were grooved stone battle-axes, arrowheads of the following forms, — triangular, indented, stemmed, barbed, leaf-shaped, lozenge-shaped, disk-shaped, and beveled, — spearheads, lance-points, and the bow and arrow. In size the battle-axes vary from five to fifteen pounds in weight, with a cutting-surface from three to six inches. A large majority of them were made from green stone and porphyry. Of the arrowheads, two inches in length and one in breadth may be considered the average. They were generally made of white quartz, chalcedony, agate, and chert, the greater portion being made of the latter. The spearheads and lance-points were used both in war and in the chase; and are from five to eleven inches in length and from one to two in breadth ; in material they are similar to the arrowheads. Of the bow and arrow but little or nothing is known except that the heads of the latter are very numerous. Of fishing and hunting, spearheads, sinkers, cables, bows and arrows, and lance-points. The sinkers are, as to shape, double cones, with one end blunted sometimes, and the other running to a point, through which a hole has been drilled from both sides or with a small groove running around it. But there is a difference of opinion as to the use of this class of implements. Some claim that they were used for weaving in holding the threads taut. In size they are from two to three inches in length, and about the same in circumference. As to composition, they are generally made of white quartz, porphyry, and red hema tite iron-ore. The cables were large stones weighing from ten to fifty pounds, and of various materials and forms. One was found a few years ago on the farm of Joseph Bicking, in Jackson township, and is now in the collection of the State Agricultural College, at Columbus, Ohio. Of agricidture the implements were axes, hoes, spades, and hatchets. It is hard to decide to which division the various forms of axes belonged, but enough is known to prove that they were used in felling trees, etc. From the peculiar form of some of the implements found, they have been given the name of hoes and spades, which were made from chert and greenstone, and weigh from one to six pounds. The hatchets were used for felling trees and other purposes, and are distinguished from the axes in not being grooved, of less size and different material, and, too, that only the cutting-edge is polished, while the rest of the surface is chipped. They are always of some kind of flint. The implements of manufacturing are numerous. Celts, pestles, corn-mills, chisels, grooves, scrapers, shuttles, plum mets, knives, and rimmers are among the most important. The celts are wedge-shaped and polished, with a cutting- surface of from three to six inches, and vary in length from four to twelve. They were used for cutting wood and as a sort of battle-axe in time of war, and were made from porphyry and greenstone. Pestles (or hominy-pounders) are so well known as to shape and use that a further de scription is useless. As to material, those made of rose- quartz, porphyry, and greenstone are the most abundant. Corn -mills are generally found in situ, and are usually erratics, having an artificial depression, in which the corn was placed, and by a rotary motion of the pestle, in the hands of the good housewife, made into meal or hominy. The use of the chisel is not known to a certainty, but is supposed to have been for building canoes, etc., and so with the groove. The scraper was used in the dressing of skins, and in form is crescent-shaped (or a half-moon), with the thickest part on the straight edge and the cutting on the curved. From the peculiar form of a certain relic it has been thought to have been used as a shuttle in weaving. Its length is generally three inches, width two, and thick ness from an eighth to an inch. Near the ends are holes that have been started from opposite sides. From the manner in which their cloth was woven, it certainly would have answered for that purpose. Of the knives there are various shapes, but the most common one is that of an oval with both edges chipped for cutting-surfaces. On Sand Ridge twenty-four of this form were found in one grave. Another shape is that of a dagger. Of this form one was found a few years ago on the farm of E M. Patchell, at Stonelick. Their length varies from one to three inches, and from one-half to one in width. In a great many implements found are one, two, and sometimes more, holes, which have been drilled with pre cision, and that they had some instrument for that purpose is a self-evident fact. Great numbers of an instrument such as would make those perforations have been found and described, but in general, as to shape, they resemble that instrument from which they have been named, — a rimmer. They vary as to length, being from one to six inches, barbed at one end, and chipped or polished to a sharp point at the other. In the collection of P. T.Stuart, at Perin's Mills, are some of the largest ever seen by the writer. Under the head of ornamental come breastplates, ban ner-stones, paint-cups, pipes, and pottery. To give a de scription of all these implements would be impossible in this connection. First of the three, they are generally, as to composition, of Huron slate, — a slate that takes and holds a polish and is very beautiful in appearance, being alter nating bands of black and green. Of the pipes, they are of various forms and composition ; some are merely a straight tube, while others approximate to those of the THE INDIANS. 29 moderns. As to material, gray and red clay and Huron slate are the most predominant. In the collections of Dr. J. H. Thompson, Enoch John ston, S. J. Rybolt, Dr. A. B. Anshutz, Frank luen, Miss Nora Lee, L. C. Moore, G. M. Roudebush, Cary Hartman, P. T. Stuart, and the writer, all the above named and de scribed implements can be seen, aggregating ten thousand arrowheads, five hundred axes, about the same number of celts, spearheads, and lance-points, together with a large number of ornamental and miscellaneous articles. To these persons belongs the honor of making Clermont County what it should be, what it was intended to be, — viz., classical ground for the archaeologist. To the pro found questions of the ethnologist who the Mound-Builders were, whence they came, and whither they went, we can only reply to a certainty that they once lived here ; here cultivated the soil; here worshiped, — perhaps with the solemn rites of human sacrifice ; here planned and executed mighty works of organized labor ; and then passed away. ' We find their inclosures, their mounds, their burial-places and sacrificial altars, in the distinctive character of which they were as marked a people as the Pelasgi, whose pre historic works can yet be traced throughout Greece and Italy. Of the many prehistoric specimens found in Ohio the one here figured, from its size, form, and probable use, is the most interesting. PRE-HISTORIC STONE. It was found on the farm now owned by Peter Gormen, in Stonelick township, in 1818, by John Davidson, as he in company with several others was blazing a road from Batavia to Goshen, by way of Glancy's Mills. The mate rial is red granite, and is very compact in structure, its height being thirty-five inches ; circumference of base ninety inches. In reply to the questions, Could it not have been the work of attrition or of the white man ? I would say that its composition and structure is the same throughout, and has no veins of quartz in it, and that its projections are the same as to width and thickness, and their edges square and not convex, as would be the case if made by attrition. To the second question : There are no chisel marks on it, it being so hard no one would have attempted to have worked it into any form, especially the present one. At the time of its discovery it bore evidences of having been made for a long time, which would preclude the idea of its being made by the whites. If it had been worked by the whites, after spending so much labor on it they would certainly have removed it to their place of residence and not left it in the primitive forests. It is probable that it was a coun cil-stone, from which speeches were made. It is now in the possession of Mrs. B. Blythe, of Boston, who uses it for a horse-block. CHAPTER V. THE INDIANS — THEIR TRIBAL RELATIONS - PERILS AND ADVENTURES OF SAVAGE LIFE, AND THE CONFLICTS "WHICH OPENED THE "WAY FOR THE "WHITE SETTLERS — INDIAN BATTLE IN CLERMONT COUNTY - INCIDENTS AND TRAILS. The territory that now constitutes Ohio was first of all, so far as can be learned, in the full possession of the race of Mound-Builders ; afterwards (but still in prehistoric times) its sole occupants and owners for some centuries were un questionably Indian tribes or nations, many of whom, still later, were subjected to expulsion or extermination from internecine feuds. They, as well as the Mound-Builders, held titles acquired probably by priority of discovery, by conquest, by occupancy, or by possession. Nothing reliable or authentic is known of the various Indian tribes that occupied the vast territory that now comprises the State of Ohio, from^the time of the de parture or disappearance of the Mound-Builders until the closing years of the first half of the eighteenth century. Their history, therefore, anterior to the year 1750 is ex tremely meagre. They had no annalist, no historian, and perhaps had made but little history worthy of record during many recurring generations, centuries, and ages. It is true that we have traditions running back to the year 1656 re lating to the destruction by the Iroquois of the once power ful Eries, who inhabited the southern shores of Lake Erie, except a small remnant which ultimately intermingled with the Senecas, but they are properly regarded as unverified traditions, and nothing more. And equally unreliable and unauthenticated are many of the other traditions of the Indian tribes which bear date before the middle of the last century. About the year A.D. 1750, or a little earlier, as Professor Smucker has well said and determined, some accurate knowledge of the Ohio Indians began to be acquired through the Indian traders operating among them and from explorers ; but little comparatively, however, was known of them with the certainty of authentic history until after Col. Boquet's expedition to the towns on the Tuscarawas and Muskin gum Rivers, in 1764. The intervening period between those dates may, therefore, be regarded as the time of the inauguration of the historic epoch of the Ohio Indians, the principal tribes being the Wyandots (called Hurons by the French), the Delawares and Shawanese (both of the Algonquin group), tbe Miamis (also called Twigtwees), the Mingos (an offshoot from the Iroquois or a fragment of the Six Nations), and the Ottawas and Chippewas. The Wyandots occupied the valleys and plains bordering on the Sandusky River and some other points ; the Dela wares possessed the valleys of the Tuscarawas and Muskin gum Rivers and a few other places between Lake Erie and the Ohio River ; the Mingos were in greatest force on the Ohio River about Mingo Bottom, below Steubenville, and 30 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. at other points on said river ; also on the Scioto River, but seldom ever getting as far down as Clermont ; the Miamis were the occupants of the valleys of the Little and Great Miami Rivers, and disputed the possession of the north western part of Clermont ; the Shawanese were principally found in the valleys and lands between the Scioto and Mad Rivers, and claimed the eastern part of Clermont and all of Brown County ; the Ottawas made their homes in the valleys of the Maumee and Sandusky Rivers; and the Chippewas, small in numbers, were chiefly confined to the southern shores of Lake Erie. By the treaty of Fort Mcintosh, made in 1785, the Ot tawas, with the Wyandots and Chippewas, were assigned to the northern section of what is now the State of Ohio and west of the Cuyahoga River, havipg relinquished, by the terms of said treaty, whatever of claims they had to other portions of the territory now constituting our State. The true name of the Delaware tribe was Wabe-nugh-ka, — that is, " the people from the East" or " the sun rising." The tradition among themselves was that they originally, at some very remote period, emigrated from the West, crossed the Mississippi, ascending the Ohio, fighting their way until they reached the Delaware River near where Philadelphia now stands, in which region of country they became fixed. About this time they were so numerous that no enumeration could be made of the nation, and when at the height of their glory they welcomed to the shores of the New World that great lawgiver William Penn, for whom and his follow ers they ever entertained a kind and grateful recollection. The name of the tribe Miami, in the Ottawa language, is said to signify " mother," and was originally the designa tion of the nation who anciently bore the name of Te-wight- , e-wee. This tribe were the original inhabitants of the two Miami Valleys and their tributary streams, and affirmed they were created in it ; hence they occupied, first of all the red men, the county of Clermont. The original country of the Wyandots was on the north side of the St. Lawrence River, and the Senecas owned the \ opposite side of the river and the island on which Montreal now stands. They were both large tribes, consisting of , many thousands, and were blood-relations. A war originated between them in this way : A man of the Wyandots wanted : a certain woman for his wife, but she objected, and said he was no warrior and had never taken any scalps. To accom- . plish his object he raised a small war-party, and in their ; scout they fell upon a party of Seneca hunters and killed and : scalped a number of them. This procedure began a war between the nations that lasted more than a century. The Wyandots, finding they were in danger of being extermi nated, concluded to leave their country and go far to the West, and at last settled in Ohio. Shawanese means " the south" or " people from the south," and Black Hoof, an old warrior of this tribe in Ohio, who died at the advanced age of one hundred and five years, used to say he remembered, when a boy, bathing in the salt ; waters of Florida, where his nation then dwelt. In the " French and Indian war," which ended with the peace of 1763, the Miamis, Wyandots, Ottawas, and vari ous other tribes adhered to. the French, while the Dela- wares, Shawanese, and other nations clung to the English side. The French and their allied Indians made a stand near the present city of Piqua, where, near the head-towns of the Miamis, a fort had been erected, and were attacked by English traders with British Indian allies. The siege continued for more than a week ; the fort stood out, and could not be taken. Soon after this contest, the Miamis and their allies left this part of the country and removed farther northwest, and never returned. The Shawanese took their places, and were the Indians who afterwards claimed Clermont, — subject, however, to the claims of the Mingos ; but the latter seldom ventured so far down the Ohio River as to materially affect the possessory rights of. the former. Rev. Christian Frederick Post, a native of Conitz, in Pol ish Prussia, came to America in 1742, and first exercised the functions of a Moravian missionary in 1743, after having acquired some knowledge of the language of the Indians. In th e summer of 1758 he was appointed by the Governor of Pennsylvania as a bearer of a message to the Delawares, Shawanese, and Mingos of the Ohio Valley to persuade them to withdraw from the French interest, and to return to their allegiance to the English. The results were so satisfactory as to secure Rev. Mr. Post's services for the second time on a similar errand to those and other tribes in the Ohio Valley and on the tributaries of the Ohio River, including the Scioto and Little Miami. His jour nals of these several visits disclose the important fact that he came very near establishing the quarters of his mission- work near what is most probably now Bullskin Creek, of this county, but, from some considerations and matters of slight moment, was induced, at last, to locate his field of labors in Tuscarawas County, where he failed in his efforts, but where, nine years later, the Rev. David Zeisberger succeeded in planting a mission, from which sprang, in a few subsequent years, the prosperous and Christian Mora vian settlements. A very trifling circumstance, as judged by Rev. Mr. Post's journals, must have been the means of diverting his chosen site from this county to that of Tuscarawas ; but, whatever it was, it succeeded, and made a grand history for the location he ehose. By the terms of the treaty of Fort Stanwix, concluded with the Iroquois or Six Nations (Mohawks, Onondagas, Senecas, Cayugas,. Tuscaroras, and Oneidas), Oct. 22, 1784, the indefinite claim of said confederacy to the greater part of the valley of Ohio was extinguished. This was followed, in January, 1785, by the treaty of Fort Mc intosh, by which the Delawares, Chippewas, Wyandots, and Ottawas relinquished all claim to the Ohio Valley, and established the boundary-line between them and the United States to be the Cuyahoga River and along the main branch of the Tuscarawas to the forks of said river, near Fort Laurens ; thence westwardly to the portage be tween the headwaters of the Great Miami and the Mau mee or Miami of the Lakes ; thence down said river to Lake Erie, and along said lake to the mouth of Cuyahoga River. A similar relinquishment was effected by the treaty of Fort Finney (at the mouth of the Great Miami), concluded with the Shawnees on Jan. 31, 1786. The treaty of Fort Harmar, held by Gen. St. Clair, Jan. 9, 1789, was mainly confirmatory of the treaties previously made. THE INDIANS. 31 The rights and titles acquired-by the Indians under the foregoing treaties wfere extinguished by the general govern ment by purchase, in pursuance of various treaties subse quently made. From the time of the organization of the gov ernment of the " Northwest Territory," in 1788, until the ratification of the " treaty of Greenville," sometimes called " Wayne's treaty," in 1795, the attitude of many of the Western Indian tribes towards the white settlers in the new Territory was that of extreme, unrelenting hostility. The ag gressions of the red men were now frequent, and the native tribes resented the settlement of the whites upon their soil, although they came under the sanction of treaties, as an intrusion. The bitter enmity which existed between them and the people of Kentucky caused them to look upon all Americans as enemies, and they were strongly stimulated to deeds of violence by the influence of the garrisons of the military posts retained by the British in open disregard of the treaty of 1783, and by renegade traders everywhere es tablished among them. The military organizations which had marched against the savages before the establishment of civil government in the great Northwest had signally failed to subjugate them or secure a permanent cessation of hostilities. The disastrous expedition of Gen. Braddock, in 1755, of Maj. Wilkins, in 1763, of Col. Bradstreet, in 1764, of Col. Lochry, in 1781, and of Col. Crawford, in 1782, and the disgraceful and murderous expedition against the Moravian Indians on the Tuscarawas, in the last-named year, only tended to inflame the hostile Indian tribes and inspire them with greater courage in the forward movements and aggressive measures against the white set tlers. The fruitless, if not abortive, attempts and cam paigns of Col. McDonald, in 1774, of Gen. Mcintosh, in 1778, and of Gen. Broadhead, in 1781, of course led to no salutary effects. Even the successful campaigns of Col. Boquet, in 1763-64, of Lord Dunmore and Gen. Lewis, in 1774, and of Gen. George Rogers Clark, in 1778, failed to secure a permanent peace with the Western Indian tribes. The inhabitants of the Northwest Territory were, there fore, — from the 7th of April, 1788, when the first immi grants arrived, at the mouth of the Muskingum, and the previous fall and winter, when O'Bannonwas surveying and locating government entries in the southern townships of Clermont, until the treaty of Greenville was concluded, in August, 1795, — constantly liable to the stealthy but deadly attacks of the perfidious, merciless savage tribes of the Northwest. It does not appear that at this time the In dians had experienced any injuries at the hands of the im migrants, who, in general, were pacific but fearless men. The settlers were disposed to deal justly and in good faith with their savage neighbors and were averse to bloodshed, but in the hour of danger and trial they exhibited daring courage and steady resolution. They were not hunters who cared little whether their game were red men or wild beasts, but they were men who preferred to be citizens, still knew how to be soldiers, and they met their dastardly, cruel, unrelenting foes in the spirit of genuine manhood, — of true, determined, unflinching heroism. They were men worthy of the heroic age of the West, and bravely did they bear themselves during those seven years of toil and privations, of dread and apprehension, of suffering and sor row, of blood and carnage, and left a rich heritage to their descendants and the more fortunate pioneers following in their footsteps. To avert from the new settlements the dangers which threatened them, the government first resorted to negotia tions; but, these proving unavailing, Gen. Harmar, then commander-in-chief of the military department of the West, was ordered to attack the Indian towns. In pursu ance of his instructions, he marched from Fort Washington, at Cincinnati, in September, 1790, with about thirteen hundred men, of whom less than one-fourth were regulars, the balance of his troops being Pennsylvania and Kentucky volunteers, the former being under the immediate command of Col. John Hardin, and the latter of Col. Trotter. When near the Indian villages on the Miami an advanced detach ment of two hundred and ten men, consisting mostly of militia, fell into an ambush, and was defeated with severe loss. Notwithstanding this check, the villages on the Mi ami' were reduced to ashes, and the standing corn and other means of savage subsistence were entirely destroyed. Having accomplished this service, the army commenced its march homewards, but had not proceeded far, however, when Gen. Harmar received intelligence that the Indians had returned to their ruined towns. He immediately de tached about one-third of his remaining force, under the command of Col. Hardin, with orders to bring them to an engagement. Early the next morning this detachment reached the confluence of the St. Joseph and St. Mary's Rivers, both tributaries of the Maumee, where they were encountered by a large body of savages, and a terrible en gagement ensued. The Indians fought with all the fury of savage vengeance, and the militia and regulars alike be haved with the most Spartan gallantry and bravery, but suffered a most mortifying defeat. These battles were fought on the 19th and 22d of October, 1790, and in this last and most fatal action more than one hundred of the militia, and, except nine, all the regulars perished, and the rest were driven back to the main body. Dispirited by this final severe misfortune, Harmar attempted nothing further against the enemy, but continued his march to Cincinnati, and of course his campaign failed to give peace or relief from apprehended barbarities. In fact, there had been a signal failure of the expedition's accomplishing its objects, and hence the audacity of savage aggression was not at all restrained. The property of the settlers was now in con stant peril of destruction, and many persons were killed and others carried into captivity, to be adopted, sold, or tortured at the pleasure of their captors. The settlements on the purchase of the " Ohio Company" shared heavily in these calamities, though in a less degree than those of the Virginia Reservation, between the Little Miami and Scioto Rivers, which latter acquired in Kentucky the significant name of '' the Miami Slaughter-house." The land-surveys by Obannon and other surveyors in Clermont County ceased entirely, or were only secretly made on the lands contiguous to the Ohio River, and these in the greatest danger and apprehension. In the following year, 1791, Cornelius Washburn, the celebrated scout and Indian-fighter, was employed by gov ernment agents as a spy between Maysville, Ky., and the 32 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. mouth of the Little Miami, to watch for Indians, who were accustomed to cross the Ohio into Kentucky to steal and murder. While so engaged he had several encounters with them, in which his unerring rifle dealt death to many of the redskins. Two of these encounters were in Clermont, — the county where this famous scout and hunter afterwards resided for years. When scouting near what is now the village of Cedron, in this county, — situate in Franklin township, on Bullskin Creek, and some three miles from its mouthj where it empties into the Ohio, — Washburn spied five Indians, when he instantly fired and killed one. The four remaining savages pursued him, and, about half a mile beyond, one of them having got, in pursuit, within a few steps, Washburn wheeled and shot, and then continued the retreat. In less than a mile farther a second one came so close to him that as he turned to fire he caught the muzzle of his gun, when, after a severe struggle, Washburn brought it to his chest, and discharging it, his antagonist fell dead. He still continued on his course, pursued by the two Indians, all three being pretty well fatigued, and often stopping and treeing. After going something more than a mile, Washburn took advantage of an open ground over which the Indians were passing, and stopped suddenly to shoot the foremost, who thereupon sprang behind a small sapling. Washburn fired and wounded him mortally, and the remaining savage then gave a little yell and exclaimed, " No catch that man ! Gun always loaded 1" and retreated back into the forest, leaving Washburn to proceed to the Ohio further unmo lested. Later in the season of the same year, while returning ' from the mouth of the Little Miami, he discovered an In dian on Twelve-Mile Creek, in Ohio township, a little over a mile from the present town of New Richmond, and before the redskin was probably aware of his being seen his life was taken by the sure shot of the great spy's never-failing rifle, which was the terror of his savage foes. This encoun ter happened on what is now the farm of Christian Laub, a worthy German, who suffers at this day less apprehension from the red men than from the failure of his grape-fields to yield a goodly vintage. The alarming condition of affairs in the Territory inspired . President Washington with fresh anxiety for a more effec tive prosecution of the Indian war, and a new army, in every respect superior to the former, was assembled at Cin cinnati in 1791, under the command of Gen. Arthur St. Clair, the Governor of the Territory, and an officer who had a Revolutionary record of patriotism and ability, and under whom the speedy termination of the Indian atrocities was expected to be secured. The regular force consisted of three regiments of infantry, two companies of artillery, and one of cavalry, and the militia numbered about six hundred men. With this army St. Clair began, on September 17th, his march from Ludlow's Station (six miles from Fort Washington) towards the Indian towns on the Maumee. Two forts, Hamilton and Jefferson, were established on the route, at the distance of about forty miles from each other, and garrisoned by parties detached from the main army for that purpose. Shortly after leaving Fort Jefferson a con siderable party of the militia mutinied and deserted in a body. The First Regiment, under Maj. Hamtranck, was ordered to pursue them and to secure the advancing con voys of provisions, which, it was feared, they designed to plunder. Thus weakened by desertion and division, St. Clair approached the Indian towns. On the 3d of Novem ber, when within about forty-five miles of the towns, he halted, -intending to throw up some slight fortifications for the protection of the baggage,^and to await the return of the absent regiment. Misfortune seemed to have marked the expedition almost from its commencement, and on the following morning, about half an hour before sunrise, the American army was attacked with fiery impetuosity by the whole force of the Northwestern tribes and totally defeated, with the loss of more than six hundred officers and soldiers. The site of this disastrous defeat was near the headwaters of the Wabash, now in Mercer Co., Ohio, and the battle field is known as Fort Recovery. Engaged in this battle were at least two thousand Indians and fifteen hundred white men, and of the latter more than half were either killed or wounded. Nothing could have been more unexpected than this severe disaster — this calamity — to the disheartened and greatly-harassed pioneers of the Territory. Its effect was deplorable, and the victorious tribes sent runners to the southern and southwestern nations to stimulate them to attacks upon the white settlements ; and, consequently, In dian outrages of every kind were multiplied, and emigration was almost entirely suspended. The Federal government- now took the preliminary steps to raise a large army to operate against the hostile tribes, for the purpose of finally and permanently subjugating them, and Congress passed the necessary laws and the President hastened to carry them into effect. In the mean time there occurred a battle in Clermont County, — the only fight of any magnitude known to have ever transpired between the Indians and whites within its borders. INDIAN BATTLE IN CLERMONT — TECUMSEH AND KENTON ENGAGED— THE SAVAGES DE FEATED IN A SHARP CONFLICT. In the month of March, 1792, some horses were stolen by the Indians from the settlements back of Maysville, Mason Co., Ky., and a party of whites, to the number of thirty-six, was immediately raised for the purpose of pur suing them. It embraced Simon Kenton, Cornelius Wash burn, Timothy Downing, Benjamin Whiteman, Anthony Shane, Stephen Ruddell, Alexander Mclntyre, John Barr, Calvin, Isaac Ferguson, and several other experienced woodsmen and famous scouts, — all noted marksmen and familiar with pioneer hardships. Simon Kenton, the dis tinguished Indian-fighter, was placed in command, and next in authority was the celebrated Cornelius Washburn, marked in the early struggles with the red men for his sagacity and courage. Over half a century ago, the prog ress of civilization being too rapid for him, he left his home and kindred in Clermont County for the wilds of the far West, to pass his time in the congenial employment of hunting the bear and trapping the beaver, and of his ulti mate fate history is uncertain. ' The Hutchinsons, Har- lowes, Woods, and Tates, of Jackson township, and the wife of ex-County Treasurer Joseph Bicking, are grand children of Washburn, whose renowned exploits and hair- THE INDIANS. breadth escapes from the Indians would fill a volume. The third in command of this company was Timothy Downing, one of the first settlers of Washington, Ky., and who was once captured by the savages near Blue Licks and brought a prisoner to Ohio by the Shawnees, but escaped by his strategy and coolness, for which he was so noted. He has a great-granddaughter in Batavia in Mrs. R. J. Bancroft, whose mother was a Downing, born in Washington, Ky. Drake, in his life of the celebrated Indian chief Tecum- seh, says, the trail of the Indians being taken, it was found that they had crossed the Ohio River just below the mouth of Lee's Creek, which was reached by the above-mentioned pursuing-party towards evening. Having prepared rafts, they crossed the Ohio that night and encamped. Early the next morning the trail was again taken, and pursued in a northerly course all day, the weather being bad and the ground wet. On the ensuing morning twelve of the men were unable to continue the pursuit, and were per mitted to return. The remainder followed the trail until eleven o'clock in the forenoon, when a bell was heard, whioh they supposed indicated their approach to an Indian camp. A halt was called, all useless baggage and clothing kid aside, and Benjsimin Whiteman and two others sent ahead as spies in different directions, each being followed by a detachment of the party. After moving forward some dis tance, it was found the bell was approaching them, where upon they halted, and soon perceived a solitary Indian riding towards them. When within one hundred and fifty yards he was fired at and killed, whereupon Kenton ordered the spies to proceed, being now satisfied that the camp of the Indians was near at hand. They pushed on rapidly, and after going about four miles found the red men en camped on the southeast side of the east fork of the Little Miami River, in Jackson township, Clermont Co., at Lime- Kiln Ford, near the mouth of Grassy Run, and on what are now the lands of Thomas Goldtrap, J. G. Hutchinson, and Samuel Bicking's heirs, — about two miles south of Marathon and five miles northeast of Williamsburgh. The indications of a considerable body of Indians were so strong that the expediency of an attack at that hour of the day was doubted by Kenton. A hurried council was held, in which it was determined to retire if it could be done without discovery, and lie concealed until night, and then assault the camp. This plan was carried into execu tion, and two of the spies were left to watch the Indians and ascertain whether the pursuing-party had been discov ered. The others retreated for some distance, and took a commanding position on a ridge. The spies watched until night, and then reported to their commander that they had not been discovered by the enemy. The men being wet and cold, they were now marched down into a hollow, where they kindled fires, dried their clothes, and put their rifles in order. The party was then divided into three detachments, Kenton commanding the right, Mclntyre the centre, and Downing the left. By agreement, the three divisions were to move towards the camp simultaneously, and when they had approached as near as possible without giving an alarm were to be guided in the commencement of the attack by the fire from Kenton's party. When Downing and his detachment had approached close 5 to the camp an Indian arose upon his feet and began to stir up the fire, which was dimly burning. Fearing a discovery, Downing's party immediately shot him down. This was followed by a general fire from the three detachments upon the Indians, who were sleeping under some marquees and bark tents, close upon the margin of the east fork. But unfortunately, as it proved in the sequel, Kenton's party had taken " Boone" as their watchword. This name, hap pening to be as familiar to the enemy as themselves, led to some confusion in the course of the engagement. When fired upon, the savages, instead of retreating across the stream, as had been anticipated, boldly stood upon their arms, returned the fire of the assailants, and rushed upon them. They were reinforced, moreover, from a camp on the opposite side of the east fork, which until then had been unperceived by the whites. In a few minutes the Indians and Kentuckians were blended with each other, and the cry of "Boone" and "Che Boone" arose simultaneously from each party. It was after midnight when the attack was made, and, there being no moon, it was very dark. Kenton, perceiving that his men were likely to be overpowered, ordered a re treat after the attack had lasted for a few minutes; this was continued through the remainder of the night and part of the next day, the redskins pursuing them, but without kill ing more than one of the retreating party. The Kentuck ians lost but two men, — Alexander Mclntyre and John Barr, — but the loss of the Indians was much greater, ac cording to the statement of some prisoners, who, after the peace of 1795, were released and returned to Kentucky. They related that fourteen Indians were killed and seventeen wounded. They further stated that there were in the camp about one hundred warriors, among them several chiefs of note, including Tecumseh, Battise, Black Snake, Wolf, and Chinskau, and that the party had been formed for the purpose of annoying the settlements in Kentucky, and of attacking boats descending the Ohio River, but the severe raid of the whites changed their intention and altered their course. The history of no battle with the Indians in pioneer annals shows more valor than this fight on the part of the brave scouts and hunters — twenty-four in all — who at tacked and fought over a hundred Indians, among whom were several of their most celebrated chiefs on the continent, and inflicted such chastisement upon the savages as to deter them from future incursions into this and the county of Brown, and from further predatory raids upon the Ken tucky people. Kenton and his band were three days in reaching Limestone (now Maysville, Ky.), going down near the line of Clermont and Brown Counties to the mouth of Bullskin Creek and thence up the Ohio, and were two days without food, and destitute of a sufficient amount of clothing to protect them from the cold winds and rains of March. Some of the foregoing particulars of this expedition are gathered from the writings of Gen. Benjamin Whiteman, one of the early and gallant pioneers of Kentucky, and who died many years ago in Xenia, Ohio, but some of whose great-grandchildren still live in Tate and Franklin townships, of this county. The statements of Anthony Shane and Stephen Ruddell 34 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. touching this fight vary in some particulars from that which has been given above, and also from the narrative in Mc Donald's sketches. Ruddell states that at the beginning of the attack Tecumseh was lying by the fire, outside of the tents, and when the first gun was heard he sprang to his feet, and, calling upon Sinnamantha to follow his ex ample and charge, he rushed forward and killed one of the whites (John Barr) with his war-club. The other Indians, raising the war-whoop, seized their arms, and, rushing upon Kenton and his band, compelled them, after a severe con test, to retreat. One of the Indians, in the midst of the engagement, fell into the river, and in the effort to get out of the water made so much noise that it created a belief on the minds of the whites that a reinforcement was cross ing the stream to aid Tecumseh. This is supposed to have hastened the order from Kenton for his men to retreat. The afternoon prior to the battle one of Kenton's men, by the name of Mclntyre, succeeded in catching an Indian horse, which he tied in the rear of the camp, and when a retreat was ordered he mounted and rode off. Early in the morning Tecumseh and four of his men set off in pursuit of the retreating party, and, having fallen upon the trail of Mclntyre, they pursued it for some dis tance, and at length overtook him. He had struck a fire and was cooking some meat, and when he discovered his pursuers he instantly fled at full speed. Tecumseh and two others followed, and were fast gaining on him, when he turned and raised his gun. Two of the Indians, who hap pened to be in advance of Tecumseh, sprang behind the trees, but he rushed upon Mclntyre and made him prisoner. He was tied and taken back to the battle-ground ; upon reaching which, Tecumseh deemed it prudent to draw off the red men, lest the whites should rally and renew the fight. He requested some of his companions to catch the horses, but, they hesitating, he undertook to do it by him self, assisted by one of the party, and when he returned to camp with the horses he found that his men had killed Mclntyre. At this act of cruelty he was exceedingly in dignant, declaring that it was a cowardly act to kill a man when tied, and a prisoner. The conduct of Tecumseh in this engagement and in the events of the following morning is creditable alike to his courage and humanity. Resolutely brave in battle, his arm was never uplifted against a prisoner, nor did he suffer violence to be inflicted upon a captive without promptly rebuking it. McDonald, in speaking of this action, says that the distinguished warrior, Tecumseh, commanded the Indians, and that his cautious and fearless intrepidity made him a host wherever he went. In military tactics night-attacks are not allowable, except in cases like this, where the assailing party is far inferior in numbers. Sometimes, in night-attacks, panic and con fusion are created in the attacked party, which may render them a prey to inferior numbers. Kenton trusted to some thing like this on the present occasion, but was disappointed, for when Tecumseh was present his influence over the minds of his followers infused that confidence in his tact and courage that could only be defeated by force of num bers. In the numerous accounts of this battle the principal difference relates to the number of Indians in the engage ment and the loss sustained by them, and there is only one that disputes the truth of the fact of the redskins getting reinforcements from the north side of the east fork. Some writers have located this battle at Salt Lick, in Perry township, Brown Co., nearly a mile from the site we have given, but they are mistaken, as Cornelius Washburn, who a few years subsequently settled and made his home for quite a while in the immediate vicinity of the site desig nated by us, often walked over the battle-ground and pointed out and described the particulars of the fight, and placed its exact location as before mentioned by us. In April, 1792, while Gen. Nathaniel Massie, with a party of nine men, was engaged in surveying in Stonelick township, they were suddenly attacked (while breakfast was preparing) by a party of twenty-two Indians. So unex pected was the onslaught by this superior force that Gen. Massie ordered his men to fall back after firing a few shots at the savages. The whites retreated to'GerauFs Station, at that time commanded by Capt. Richard Hall. The In dians pursued them some distance, and slightly wounded one of the men. Three of the Indians were seen to fall. It is supposed that these were, the same Indians that soon after killed Maj. Covalt at Round Bottom. A few years later Gen. William Lytle, while surveying in Jackson township, was pursued by a small party of In dians, and in the hurry of the moment lost his pocket- compass. This was found in a good state of preservation a few years ago, and is highly prized as a memento of those perilous times. Various obstacles retarded the enlistment and organiza tion of the new army to meet the Indians, and military preparations progressed slowly, owing to the distance for transportation and the sparseness of population. Gen. An thony Wayne, a bold, energetic, and experienced officer of the Revolution, — the immortal hero of" Stony Point," — was appointed to the command, and arrived at Cincinnati in the spring of 1793. The Kentucky volunteer riflemen had become, from the experience of frequent disasters, averse to serving in concert with the regular troops, but such was the confidence inspired by " Mad Anthony Wayne" that they joined his standard with alacrity and in great numbers. In the course of the following winter he established a fort on a western branch of the Great Miami, which he called Greenville, and, having taken possession of the theatre of St. Clair's defeat, erected there a fort, to which he gave the most appropriate name of " Fort Re covery." In the spring of 1794 the new American army assembled at Greenville, and consisted of fifteen hundred mounted volunteers from Kentucky and a regular force of about two thousand men, all of whom were well provided in every respect and eager to be led against the insolent and haughty enemy. The Kentucky troops were commanded by Gen. Charles Scott, of that State, who was the second ranking officer in this army, and who, as well as Gen. Henry Lee (the " Light-Horse Harry" of the Revolution) and Gen. William Darke, had been favorably considered by President Washington in connection with the chief command of this great expedition. The choice, however, fell upon Gen. Wayne, the old companion-in-arms of the President, and to THE INDIANS. 35 him is justly ascribed the honor of defeating the Indian tribes commanded by the celebrated Shawnee chief Blue Jacket on the Maumee, Aug. 20, 1794, and of perma nently breaking the power of a very formidable Indian con federacy. The savages had collected their whole force, amounting to over two thousand braves, near a British fort, erected since the treaty of 1783, and in gross violation of its obli gations, at the foot of the rapids of the Maumee. Wayne marched from Greenville towards the confluence of the Auglaize with the Maumee in July, 1794. Having arrived there, he sent forward a messenger with his last pacific overtures, but without waiting for his return continued his march. On his route he met the envoy, who returned with an evasive answer. On August 20th he encountered the enemy, and the order of march was instantly converted into the order of battle. The contest which ensued was short and deadly, and successive charges impetuously made with the bayonet drove the Indians from their coverts and exposed them to a galling fire. Unable to sustain the onset, they fled in the greatest confusion, and were pursued under the guns of the British fort. In this well-fought action— one of the severest defeats the American Indians ever met — Gen. Wayne's zealous and efficient aid-de-camp was a future President, — William Henry Harrison. This battle was fought at tho Maumee Rapids, near Perrysburg and Fort Meigs, in Wood Co., Ohio, and is known as the battle of " Fallen Timbers," though some times called the "battle of the Maumee." The American loss was thirty-three killed and one hundred wounded, in cluding in the former five officers and nineteen in the latter, but the loss of the enemy was very large, as the woods were strewed for a considerable distance with the dead bodies of the Indians and their white auxiliaries, the latter armed with British muskets and bayonets. Cessation. of hostilities followed this victory, and a peace which the government had vainly sought by friendly nego tiation- was secured, — a peace which continued for many years, even until after the " Northwest Territory" had ceased to be and the important incidents and events con nected therewith had passed into history. The victory did not at once reduce the savages to submission, and it was necessary to lay waste their whole country, and to erect forts in the heart of their territory, before they could be entirely subdued. At length, however, they became thor oughly convinced of their inability to resist the American arms, and sued for peace. A grand council was held at Greenville, only a few miles distant from the unfortunate scene of St. Clair's defeat of four years previous, where eleven of the most ' powerful Northwestern tribes were represented, to whom Gen. Wayne dictated the terms of pacification. The treaty thus negotiated with the "Thirteen Fires," as the savages called the Federal States, stipulated for the mutual release of prisoners and confirmed the boundary- line established by the treaty at Fort Mcintosh, which ex tended westward from Loramies to Fort Recovery, and thence southward to the mouth of the Kentucky River. All the territory eastward and southward of the line thus established was ceded to the United States, and the In dians solemnly pledged themselves never again to make those lands, or any part of them, a cause or pretense of war or injury to any of the American people. Several small tracts, important as sites for military forts, were like wise ceded. The Indians also agreed to acknowledge the United States as their sole protector, and never to sell their lands to any other power. Upon these conditions the United States received the Indian nations into their pro tection, guaranteed their future security from wrong and injury, and relinquished all claims to land not included within the treaty boundary. A large quantity of goods was also delivered on the spot, and perpetual annuities, pay able in merchandise or in domestic animals, implements of husbandry, or other convenient utensils, at the pleasure of the receivers, were promised to each tribe which became a party to the treaty. This treaty was the foundation of a permanent peace, and was the act of all the tribes who had then any claims to the territory east of the Wabash, and the observance of its con ditions was secured by the expectation of solid benefits, as the rewards of good faith, and by the dread of severe retri bution as the consequence of infractions. Its effect upon the prosperity and improvement of the West was immense. Confidence in the disposition and ability of the government to protect tbe Western settlers was universally restored, and the emigrant no longer had the fear of the tomahawk and the scalping-knife, of the midnight conflagration and the noon-day ambush, before his eyes when he undertook the conquest of the wilderness. Occasional aggressions, indeed, by both whites and Indians, still continued to occur, but no combination of tribes, nor any single tribe, again lifted the tomahawk against the United States until just before the breaking out of the war of 1812" with Great Britain. On the heels of Wayne's victory and treaty, the popula tion of Ohio began to increase and extend ; the Virginia Reservation, between the Little Miami and Scioto, drew a large number of Revolutionary veterans and others from that State ; the business of entering new surveys in Cler mont was resumed ; and several settlements were begun in the county, in- Williamsburgh, Miami, and Washington townships. Many of these settlers had been with Wayne in his victorious campaign, others had fought the savages in Kentucky and North Carolina, and all of them came feeling secure under the new peace and order of things, and ready to reclaim the forest and open up farms, but also prepared, in strong arms and stout hearts, to wield the musket should Indian aggression ever again raise its bloody sceptre. .Near Smyrna graveyard, a short distance from Felicity, in tho year 1786, an Indian squaw named " Sweet Lips" was executed by the tomahawk of an Indian chief for her alleged witchcraft and sorcery, that had impeded the suc cess of her tribe in the chase and defeated it in a fight. When O'Bannon was making his surveys in Franklin and Washington townships the fall and winter of the following year, he observed and marked the fatal spot where the weird woman of the silent race paid the forfeit of her life, and had the particulars described to him by an Indian guide who had witnessed the execution. In early times the Little Miami Valley, between Branch Hill, in this county, and Symmes, on the Hamilton County 36 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. side, was a place of greater relative importance than at present, and at one time was the rendezvous for travelers as well as adventurers, and here was the trail of an Indian tribe which crossed at Three Islands on their way between Columbia and Chillicothe. In the fall of 1795, John Wood, David Wood, Jeriah Wood, John, Nathan, and Elisha Manning settled in Washington township, about a mile from Calvary Church. They had their families, and built what was called " Wood and Manning's Station," afterwards called "Miller's Sta tion," and supposed te have been the first in Clermont. These settlers lived in the " station," which was a residence and fort combined, and several times the men were driven into the station by passing predatory bands of Indians going to Kentucky to steal horses or on their return from that State by the way of the Neville crossing. They were never attacked by the savages or the station seriously dis turbed, as the treaty held the redskins in check, though they frequently violated its provisions in crossing the Ohio River tq steal horses from pioneers of the " Dark and Bloody Ground." In 1796 and 1797, Simon Kenton, while scouting between Cincinnati and the Scioto River, spying for Indians violating the Greenville treaty, often tarried over-night at this station and partook of its cordial hospitality. Daniel Boone, when on his way to Missouri, had sent his family by flatboat down the Ohio River, and stayed at this station several days with the Woods and Buchanans, — old friends and neighbors of that great In dian-fighter and hunter at Germantown and Washington, Ky. Here for nearly a week he tarried, and took a hunt up into the county to nearly the headwaters of the Stone lick, in which the party of eleven laid in an immense sup ply of bear and deer-meat,' with a dozen fine wild turkeys. Through the site of what is now the flourishing village of Williamsburgh (as we are assured by its eloquent his torian, Prof. Byron Williams) passed a trail from the " Dark and Bloody Ground" to the realms of the North Wind. A camping-spot was near the intersection of Third or Second with Walnut and Mill Streets. Of all the wily hunters that threaded that mazy trail, of all the valiant chiefs and cunning braves that reposed in that camp, no name is known. " Of the mighty deeds they have done, Of their battles bravely lost or won," history, tradition, and song are silent. " The dusky maidens and their loves ore alike forgotten and lost, As a darkened torch in midnight ocean tossed." Some have thought that there are indications that a great conflict occurred (many years before any settlement in Clermont) at the junction of the east fork and Kain Run. Only this we know, — that their souls are in the spirit-land, and that from beneath rough stone in rude symmetry placed, on the loveliest knolls in that vicinity, truants and idlers with curious thoughts and sacrilegious hands have ex humed the bones of stalwart men, and that there battle- axes and arrowheads are to be found in profusion rich to the studious antiquarian. The largest Indian camp in the county after its occupa tion by the whites, in 1795, was on the farm formerly owned by W. T. Hartman, near Grassy Run, in Jackson township. It consisted of nine wigwams and forty-three souls. Remains of their fireplaces are still to be seen. These Indians were Wyandots, and subsisted chiefly by hunting, fishing, and trapping, selling their furs to the whites for corn and a little money. In their intercourse with the whites they were friendly and honest. Before that period the Shawanese had a camp farther up the east fork, and between them and the Wyandots there was much enmity, which came near resulting in serious conflicts on several occasions. The latter were called women and other epithets offensive to an Indian's nature. The Shaioanese left in 1805, and thereafter the Wyandots were in undis turbed possession of the salt-licks in that part of the country, which were greatly frequented by game. Among their chieftains was one Logan, of very fine personal ap pearance, who was killed in the war of 1812. These Indians left the county in 1811 to join their northern brethren, and never returned. They were the last to live within the bounds of Clermont, and more than half a century has elapsed since the red man has set his foot on her soil. CHAPTER VI. LAND-GRANTS, TITLES, AND SURVEYS. In the third year of the Revolutionary war the State of Virginia, which claimed the ownership of all the domain west of the Alleghany Mountains, opened an office for the sale of her Western lands. This act attracted the attention of the other States, several of which regarded the vacant region in the West as a common fund for the future pay ment of the expenses of the war for independence, in which the confederacy was then involved. This claim, in behalf of the United States, was asserted on the ground that the Western lands had been the property of the Crown, and naturally fell, on the declaration of independence, to the opponent of the former sovereign. It was contended that it was manifestly unjust that a vast tract of unoccupied country, acquired by the common efforts and at the com mon expense of the whole Union, should be appropriated for the exclusive benefit of particular States, while the rest should be left to bear the unmitigated burden of a debt contracted in asserting that independence by which this immense acquisition was wrested from Great Britain. On the other hand Virginia, Massachusetts, and Connecticut asserted separate, and in some degree conflicting, claims, founded upon the construction of their respective colonial charters, and New York also advanced some vague preten sions, grounded upon her jurisdiction over the Six Nations, of whom the Northwestern tribes were the imagined tribu taries. Of these various claims, that of the United States seems to have been the most rational and just, and, in oppo sition to the several pretensions, Congress, as a common head of the people, maintained its title to the Western lands upon the solid ground that a vacant territory, wrested from the common enemy by the united arms and at the joint expense of all the States, ought of right to belong to LAND-GRANTS, TITLES, AND SURVEYS. 37 Congress, in trust for the common use and benefit of the whole Union. This controversy respecting the North west territory for a long time darkened the prospects of the American Union and retarded the ratification of the Articles of Confederation ; it greatly augmented the diffi culty and embarrassment experienced by Congress in carry ing on the war, and it cheered the enemies of America by revealing a source of contentious discord among the mem bers of the Union. In these trying circumstances, Congress strongly appealed to the several States which had asserted claims to the West ern domain to avert the danger that threatened the common cause by liberal cessions for the common benefit. New York was the first to listen to these appeals, by authorizing her delegates in Congress, early in the year 1780, to re strict her western border by such limits as they should deem expedient, which magnanimous example was followed by Virginia making a deed of cession of the territory northwest of the Ohio on March 1, 1784; by Massachu setts, in April, 1785, ceding all her claims to the United States to territory west of the western boundary of New York ; and by Connecticut, on Sept. 14, 1786, deeding all her land lying one hundred and twenty miles west of the western boundary of Pennsylvania and bordering on Lake Erie. By the acceptance of these cessions Congress became the trustee of the Confederacy, and, according to a resolve of 1780, the terms of these trusts were : first, that the ceded territory should be formed into States, to be admitted, when formed, into the Union upon an equal footing in all respects with the original States ; second, that the land should be disposed of for the common benefit of all the States ; and third, that the manner and conditions of sale should be exclusively regulated by Congress. In the adjustment of this great controversy Massachu setts and New York made no reservations in their respective cessions, but Virginia and Connecticut were not so unmind ful of their individual interests, the latter reserving what is now the well-known Ohio Reserve, an area of about three million eight hundred thousand acres, and the former a large and undefined tract of some four million acres, between the Little Miami and Scioto Rivers, embracing all of Clermont and all or parts of twenty-three other coun ties. The State of Virginia had raised, at an early period of the Revolutionary war, two descriptions of troops, State and Continental, to each of which bounties in lands were promised. The lands within the limits of the indefinite and vague colonial charter of Virginia from James I., King of Eng land, situate to the northwest of the Ohio River, were with drawn from appropriation on treasury land-warrants, and the lands on Cumberland River, and between Green and Tennessee Rivers, on the southeasterly side of the Ohio, were appropriated for these military bounties to the officers and soldiers on the Continental establishment, in contradis tinction to the State soldiery, otherwise paid. But in her cession Virginia stipulated that in case the quantity of good land on the southeast of the Ohio, upon the waters of Cumberland River, and between Green and Tennessee Rivers, should, from the North Carolina line bearing in farther upon the Cumberland lands than was expected, prove insufficient for their legal bounties, the deficiency should be made up to said troops in good lands, to be laid off between the rivers Scioto and Little Miami, on the north west side of the Ohio River, in such proportions as have been engaged to them by the laws of Virginia for their re spective services, proportional to their rank and time of actual service. The right of the United States as against the civilized world was now clear and incontestable, the several States having respectively relinquished their pretensions, and Great Britain and Spain, who had each disputed the western boundary of the Union, having conceded, by formal treaty, the American claim to all the territory east of the Missis sippi and north of Florida and Louisiana. Congress, there fore, proceeded to perfect its title to the soil and jurisdiction by negotiations with the Indian tribes, the original and only rightful sovereigns and proprietors, aud by a treaty concluded at Fort Mcintosh, Jan. 21, 1785, with the Wyandots, Delawares, Chippewas, and Ottawas, it acquired the title of all these tribes to about three-fourths of the present State of Ohio. By the ordinance of May, 1785, Congress had executed in part the great national trust confided to it by providing for the future surveys of the public domain in the West the disposal of the vacant lands for the common good, and by prescribing the manner and terms of sale. On July 13, 1787, Congress adopted an ordinance that has passed into history as the formal dedication of the great Northwest to liberty and settlement, — in which provision was made for successive forms of territorial government, adapted to suc cessive steps of advancement in the settling of the Western country. It comprehended an intelligible system of law on the descent and conveyance of real property and the trans fer of personal goods, and contained five articles of compact between the original States and the people aud States of the Territory, establishing certain great fundamental principles of governmental duty and private right as the basis of all future constitutions and legislation, unalterable and inde structible except by that final and common ruin, which, as it has overtaken all former systems of human polity, may yet overwhelm our American Union. Never, probably, in the history of the world did a measure of legislation so accurately fulfill, and yet so mightily ex ceed, the anticipations of the legislators, and this ordinance has been well described as having been a " pillar of cloud by day and of fire by night" in the settlement and govern ment of the Northwestern States. When the settlers went into the wilderness, they found the law already there, and impressed upon the soil itself while it yet bore up nothing but the forest ; and the purchaser of land became, by that act, a party to the compact, and by its perpetual covenants so far as its conditions did not conflict with the terms of the cessions of the States. According to the various ordinances of Congress and the stipulations of Virginia's deed of cession, no land in Cler mont County could be purchased, entered, or surveyed save and except by the Continental troops of Virginia holding the requisite land-warrants for their services as officers or ' 38 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. privates, or by other persons to whom these necessary war rants had been duly assigned in pursuance of law and in writing. The lands in Clermont were taken up under a system peculiar to this Virginia military district, — what were called entries for survey. They were not surveyed into townships or sections or any regular form, but a principal surveyor was appointed, who selected deputies, and any individual holding a land-warrant on the Virginia line in the Conti nental establishment might locate it wherever he chose within the district, and in such shape as he pleased, wherever the land had not previously been located. When the lands were surveyed under the orders of the principal or deputy surveyors, the proper entries returned to the land-office, and the necessary papers deposited in the de partments, and, if everything was- found regular, patents signed by the President were issued. In consequence of this deficiency of regular original surveys and the irregularities with which the several loca tions were made, and the consequent interference and en croachment of some locations upon others, more than double the litigation has probably arisen between the hold ers of adverse titles in this county than in other counties of equal extent situate on congressional or other lands out side of the famous Virginia Military Reservation. The military district, between the Little Miami and Scioto Rivers, embraces the counties in whole or part of Cler mont, Brown, Adams, Clinton, Highland, Fayette, Madi son, Union, Scioto, Pike, Ross, Pickaway, Franklin, Marion, Delaware, Hardin, Logan, Clark, Green, Champaign, War ren, Hamilton, and Auglaize. The time for making entries and returning surveys thereon was repeatedly fixed by act of Congress and ex tended from time to time, and the first surveys in Ohio under the provisions of the reservation and other acts fol lowed immediately after the passage of the ordinance of 1787, and were made in Clermont County on November 13th and 14th of that year, — the fall previous to the settlement at Marietta, and a year before the first settlers at Cincin nati began their operations. The first land, therefore, sur veyed by a government officer in Ohio, was in this county, as is subsequently herein detailed. The unsurveyed and unappropriated lands in the Vir ginia Reservation were, by an act of Congress of Feb. 18, 1871, ceded to the State of Ohio, coupled with a condition that each settler on the lands should be entitled to pre-empt any quantity of land not exceeding one hundred and sixty acres, under such regulations as the General Assembly of Ohio should provide. The State, by act of March 26, 1872, accepted said grant, and conveyed the lands to the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College. That as well as the subsequent act of April 3, 1873, required the trus tees of that institution to survey, set off, and convey by deed to each settler forty acres at the cost only of survey and deed, and also authorized each settler to demand, and required said trustees to survey and convey to every .such person, one hundred and twenty acres additional for one dollar per acre, or such portion thereof as such settler might have had in actual possession. These lands — of 'which there are four thousand two hundred and sixty-four acres in Clermont — may be classified as follows : First, unsurveyed lands ; second, lands resting on entry alone ; third, fraudulent and voidable surveys; and fourth, lands donated to settlers. The lands designated as " unsurveyed" include, as well as the tracts resting on more naked entries, those unclaimed. An entry is simply a notice in writing by the holder of a warrant to the principal surveyor of an intention to survey and appropriate a particular tract, and in order to make an entry available it must be followed by a survey, which must be approved by the principal sur veyor, and by him certified to the commissioner of the General Land-Office. There are many lands surveyed which have not been carried into patent, the surveys of which .are of two sorts, — valid and fraudulent. The Agricultural College declares its policy not to interfere with surveys long since made which have not been carried into patent by reason of mere technical defects, which are causes of most of the nonpat- ented four thousand two hundred and sixty-four acres in this county, but avows its purpose to get possession of the fraudulent surveys, which stand upon a different footing, but of which there are but a very few in Clermont. In hundreds of instances lands are held in this county, and have been for years, simply upon location and survey, and in all of them there is what is called '• excess," but this excess beyond the boundaries of the original survey in measurement cannot now, by the settled policy of the government, be patented anew, or the occupants thereon be disturbed in their possession by any person claiming under governmental title adverse to them. It is not the policy of the general government that the homes where the hardy pioneer built his cabin, cleared his fields, and sowed and reaped for years, and where his children have grown to manhood and womanhood, — where his children and grandchildren in his old age return to the old farm, " the dearest spot on earth," to cheer his declining years and receive his fatherly blessing, — should be lost or deci mated by technicalities of patent or errors in boundary- lines of surveys made when the country was wilderness. Humane statutes and equitable decisions will allow no cloud to intervene whose darkness is more chilling to the old pioneer than even the approach of that invisible reaper whose sickle he knows to be near. Errors in olden metes and bounds will not be permitted to shackle the old settler's home or to bind his fields ; and the very landmarks that have grown mossy with age and peace shall not be thrust aside by the despoiler who would " cause the naked to lodge without clothing," and who would violate the divine injunction, "Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor's land mark, which they of old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in the land that the Lord thy God giveth thee to possess it." We give below a synopti cal index to the laws relating to the Virginia military bounty -lands in this county : UNITED STATES LAWS. B. and D.'a Edition. 1784, March 1.— Lands set apart for satisfying, granted by "Vir ginia Vol I 474 1788, July 17.— Ant of old Congress declaring locations and sur veys of Virginia military grants between Scioto and LAND-GRANTS, TITLES, AND SURVEYS. 39 PAGE Little Miami Rivers invalid until lands on waters of Cumberland River, in Kentucky, prove inadequate Vol. I., 572 L. and B.'s Edition, 1790, August 10.— Act above, of 1788, repealed; said lands assigned to satisfy claims of Virginia line of Revolu tionary war Vol. I., 182 1794, June 9. — Patents to issue for Virginia bounty-lands on return of warrant and survey Vol. I., 394 1800, May 13. — Further regulations for issuing patents. .Vol. II., 80 1800, May 13. — Warrants for lands may be withdrawn in cases of conflicting claims Vol. II., SO 1S03, March 1. — Issuing patents where land-warrants, etc., have been lost Vol. II., 237 1804, March 23. — Boundary of Military Reservation ascertained, Vol. IL, 274 1812, June 26. — Western boundary ascertained Vol. II., 764 1816, April 11.— That boundary designated Vol. III., 423 1804, March 23. — Such part of reservation as remains unlocated in three years released from claim under Virginia war rants '. Vol. IL, 275 1804, March 23. — Warrants to be located by March 23, 1807, and surveys returned two years thereafter Vol. II. , 275 1807, March 23. — Time extended lour years Vol. II. , 424 1810, March 16. — Five years allowed for obtaining and locating warrant?, and seven for returning surveys Vol. IL, 589 1814, Nov. 3. — Three years additional allowed for locating war rants, and five for making returns Vol. III., 143 1818, April 11. — Two years from ratification of any treaties ex tinguishing Indian titles to locate warrants, etc., Vol. III., 423 1821, Feb. 9. — Time of location extended to Jan. 4, 1823, and return of surveys to Jan. 4, 1826 Vol. III., 612 1823, March 3. — Two years allowed for location of warrants, and four for returning surveys Vol. III., 772 1823, March 3. — Warrants not to be removed after location, nor to be located on lands sold by United States. ..Vol. III., 773 1826, May 20. — Time of issuing warrants extended to June 12, 1829, location to June, 1832, and return of surveys to June, 1833 Vol. IV., 1S9 1824, May 26. — Terms to be ascertained on which holders under purchase from United States of lands between Roberts' and Ludlow's lines will relinquish title, it being found these lands are in the Virginia Reservation Vol. IV., 70 1826, May 20. — Restrictions imposed on issue of location of war rants Vol. IV., 189 1826, May 20. — Withdrawal of locations of warrants prohibited, except in cases of eviction or interference with other claims Vol. IV., 190 1807, March 3. — Lands may be surveyed and patented under Virginia resolution warrants Vol. II. , 437 1815, Feb. 22. — Two years further allowed to complete surveys under resolution warrants Vol. III., 212 1818, April 11. — Act of 1807, above, revised and continued in force Vol. III., 423 1821, Feb. 9. — Further provision for issuing patents for locations under Virginia resolution warrants Vol. III., 612 1823, March 3.— Act of 1807 again revived Vol. III., 772 1829, Feb. 24. — A surveyor for Virginia Military District to be appointed Vol. IV., 335 1830, April 23. — Time for issuing Virginia warrants extended to January, 1832 Vol. IV., 395 1830, April 23.— None issued thereafter to be located Vol. IV., 395 1830, May 30. — Scrip to be issued for Virginia bounty-land, Vol. IV., 422 1832, March 31.— Act of May 30, 1830, not to extend to cases where patents have issued Vol. IV., 500 1832, March 31.— Third section of act May 30, 1826, extended for seven years Vol. IV., 500 1832, July 13. — Additional land or scrip granted for Virginia land-warrants Vol. IV., 578 1833, March 2. — Additional grant of land to satisfy Virginia land-warrants Vol. IV., 665 1835, March 3.— Further grant of land Vol. IV., 770 1838, July 7. — Time for locating Virginia land-warrants ex tended Vol. V., 262 1841, Aug. 19.— Time further extended Vol. V., 449 1846, July 29. — Time further extended to January, 1848, Vol. IX., 41 1848, July 5. — Same continued in force till Jan. 1, 1850, Vol. IX., 244 1850, Feb. 20 —Further time extended to Jan. 1, 1852..Vol. IX., 421 1852, Aug. 31. — Making further provisions for satisfaction of Virginia land-warrants Vol. X., 143 1854, Dec. 19. — Time extended for retiring surveys Vol. X., 595 1855, March 3. — Time extended for retiring surveys Vol. X., 701 1860, Juno 22. — To declare meaning of act of August, 1852, Vol. XII., 84 1871, Feb. 18.— Cedes lands to State of Ohio 416 1878, . — An act to allow three years from its date to make return of surveys, entered before Jan. 1, 1S52 1S72, March 26. — State of Ohio ceded unsurveyed and unsold lands to the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, 0. L. Vol. 69 52 The principal surveyor of the Virginia Military District was Gen. Richard C. Anderson, of Kentucky, grandfather of Maj. Robert Anderson, the heroic defender of Fort Sumter, and of Governor Charles Anderson, of Ohio. He opened an office for the reception of locations and surveys at Louisville, Ky., Aug. 1, 1781, and on Aug. 1, 1787, established in his office a separate bureau for the lands on the north side of the Ohio River. Under Gen. Anderson and his successors all of the lands in this county were sur veyed by his deputy surveyors, — John O'Bannon (the first who made a survey in the district), Gen. James Taylor, Gen. William Lytle, Gen. Duncan McArthur, and Gen. Nathaniel Massie (both afterwards Governors of the State), Robert Todd, Joseph Kerr, Cadwalder Wallace, Timothy Kirby, A. D. Kendrick, E. P. Kcndrick, John Hill, James Denny, Peter McArthur, Allen Latham, James Galloway, Jr., John Ellison, Jr., David Collins, Walter Dunn, Col. James Taylor, Jr., George C. Light, David Collier, Col. James Poage, and John Bogges. Most of the surveys were made before the year 1800, under Anderson's admin istration and by his deputies, O'Bannon, Lytle, Taylor, Sr., Massie, Todd, and Wallace, who were exposed to incessant dangers, suffered great privations, and were frequently at tacked by the Indians. The first locations of land warrants in the county, in the fall of 1787 and succeeding winter, were made by O'Bannon by stealth, as every creek which was explored, every line that was run, was at the risk of life from the savage Indians, whose courage and persever ance were only equaled by that of the whites to push for ward their settlements. John O'Bannon, the pioneer deputy surveyor, had placed in his hands a large number of land-warrants for surveys, and as the risk of making entries was great, and as it was desirable to possess the best landsf the owners of warrants in most cases made liberal contracts with him. One-fourth, one-third, and sometimes as much as one-half acquired by the entry of good lands were given by the proprietors to the surveyors. If the owners preferred paying money, the usual terms were ten pounds, Virginia currency, for each thousand acres entered and surveyed, exclusive of chain- men's expenses. These terms cannot appear extravagant when we consider that at that time the danger encountered was great, the exposure during the winter severe, and that the price of first-rate land in the West was low, and an im mense quantity in market. During the month of November, 1787, O'Bannon pre pared a party to enter largely into the surveying business in Clermont, and came down the Ohio River from Pitts burgh and landed at what is now the village of Neville, where they hauled their boat out of the water and began operations for the season. After surveying several weeks winter set in, and the ground was covered with a sheet of snow from six to ten inches deep ; and their bread ran out, save a little flour, a pint of which was distributed once a day to each mess to mix with the soup in which the meat had been boiled. When night came, four fires were made for cooking, — that is, one for each mess, — and around these, till sleeping-time came, the company spent the hours in most spcial glee, singing songs and telling stories, in which O'Bannon, with his droll Irish wit, greatly excelled. When 40 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. danger was not apparent or immediate, they were as merry a set of men as ever assembled, and, resting-time arriving, O'Bannon always gave the signal, and the whole party would then leave their comfortable fires, carrying with them their blankets, their firearms, and their little baggage, walking in perfect silence two or three hundred yards from the fire. They would then scrape away the snow and huddle down together for the night. Each mess formed one bed, and they would spread down on the ground one-half of the blankets, reserving the other half for covering. Thus pre pared, the whole party crouched down together with their rifles in their arms and their pouches under their heads for pillows, lying spoon-fashion, with three heads one way and four the other, their feet extending to about the middle of their bodies. When one turned the whole mess turned, or else the close range would be broken and the cold let in ; and in this way they lay till broad daylight, no noise and scarcely a whisper being uttered during the night. When it was perfectly light, O'Bannon would call up two of the men, in whom he had most confidence, aud send them to reconnoitre and make a circuit around the fires, lest an am buscade might be formed by the Indians to destroy the party as they returned to the fires. Self-preservation re quired this circumspection, and it was an invariable cus tom in every variety of weather. One time during the winter, when they were out in the wilderness, in what is now Tate township, they were ex posed to a severe storm without hut, tent, or covering, and, what was still more appalling, without provision and with out any road or track to retreat on ; but on the third day of the great snow-storm they luckily killed two wild turkeys, which were boiled and divided into twenty-eight parts, and devoured with great avidity, heads, feet, entrails, and all. The first survey in the great Northwest was made in this county, on what now includes the town of Neville, and was made by O'Bannon on Nov. 13, 1787, for Col. John Neville, a gallant officer of the Revolutionary struggle in the Virginia line, for fourteen hundred acres, and was numbered 388, and predicated on military warrant No. 937. John Williams, Sylvester Montroney, and James Blair were the chain-carriers ; and so well was the tract surveyed, and such was its perfect accuracy, that never to this day, like some other surveys in the county, has its lines or boundaries been questioned. The next day, No vember 14th, the survey of Richard C. Anderson, of one thousand acres (No. 391), was entered and made, and includes the present town of Moscow ; and also was made that of John McDougal (No. 1683), of six hundred and sixty-six and two-thirds acres. On Christmas following, O'Bannon entered the surveys of Nicholas Carter (No. 1285), of four hundred acres, and of Morgan Bryan (No. 1724), of two hundred acres, on both of which is built the enterprising town of Felicity ; also that of William Smith, (No. 866), of four hundred acres, on Bear Creek ; Jarvin Miller's, in Franklin township (No. 1080), of one thousand acres ; Benjamin Mosely's, in Franklin and Washington townships (No. 1102), of one thousand acres; and John Hamilton's, in Washington (No. 866), of four lyindred acres,— thus surveying three thousand four hundred acres in seven different tracts, miles apart, all in one day. On the 26th he surveyed that of Alexander Parker (No. 834), of seven hundred acres ; the 27th, that of Robert Crad- dock (No. 892), of nine hundred and sixty-four acres, and John Hackley (No. 905), of six hundred and sixty-six and two-thirds acres ; the 28th, that of William Talliaferro (No. 533), of five hundred and thirty-three acres, adjoin ing Chilo ; and on Jan. 3, 1788, Robert Beal's (No. 847), of one thousand acres, on which is the site of New Rich mond. Gen. George Washington, the Father of his Country and first President of the United States, owned at one time four large tracts of land in the county, aggregating four thousand and fifty-one acres, for which he had four separate surveys made and entered in his own name. The first of these was made by John O'Bannon on Dec. 28, 1787, and is located in Franklin township, on the Felicity and Rural free turnpike, aud is numbered 1650 and for eight hundred and thirty-nine .acres ; the second is No. 403, of one thousand acres, lying in Pierce township, on the Ohio River, including the village of Palestine and running down to tlie Hamilton county-line ; the third lies in Miami township, between the villages of Milford and Miamiville, borders on the Little Miami River, and is directly opposite the famous Camp Dennison, so well known in the late Rebellion ; and the fourth, No. 1775, of nine hundred and seventy -seven acres, situate in Union town ship, of this, and in Anderson township, of Hamilton County, mostly, however, in this. All four of Washing ton's tracts are splendid pieces of land, — three of choice bottom-fields, and the other of extremely fertile upland. Before Congress had passed the necessary legislation, authorizing the issuing of patents by the President to the holders of Virginia land-warrants upon a due entry and location of same, by regularly-authorized government sur veyors and the proper return of the surveys to the appro priate departments at the capital, the Governors of Virginia, under the laws of that old commonwealth, issued them to satisfy the owners of the warrants ; and of these only three cover lauds in this county, and are as follows : The first, of Beverly Randolph, Governor of Virginia, to William Fow ler, on land-warrant No. 145, for seven hundred and sixty- five acres, being Fowler's survey No. 261, in Pierce town ship, between Palestine and New Richmond, and dated August, 1789, and which patent being considered invalid in law, the devisees and assignees of said Fowler took an other patent for said land from President Andrew Jackson, on Sept. 28, 1830 ; and the other two were patents issued and signed by Governor Henry Lee, to John Vaughn and Peter January, assignees of John Nancarrono, dated May 29, 1792, and respectively for surveys Nos. 1747 and 1748, of eight hundred and twenty-two and one thousand acres in Pierce township ; but for these lands United States pat ents were subsequently issued to Gens. Lytle and Taylor. NON-PATENTED SURVEYS. The following are the surveys in the county for which the government has issued no patents : Bowman and Thomas, No. 4455, 20 acres, May 7, 1807, Batavia township. LAND-GRANTS, TITLES, AND SURVEYS. 41 John O'Bannon, No. 2378, 470 aores, June 20, 1794, Franklin township. Robertson and Nyly, No. 851, 75 aores, Oct. 2, 1818, Washington township. Mathew Grigg, No. 12,080, 41 acres, Dec. 14, 1822, Stonelick township. Peter Casey, No. 572, 700 acres, Dec. 6, 1798, Tate township. Wm. Mosley, No. 8976, 66 acres, Aug. 18, 1825, Union township. John Hill, No. 13,535, 11 acres, May 23, 1834, Jackson township. Nicholas Carroll's Heirs, No. 10,205, 500 acres, Stonelick township. " " " No. 10,588, 200 acres, Batavia township. " '' " No. 10,304, 100 acres, Stonelick township. John Hill, No. 15,871, 50 acres, Jackson township. " " No. 15,871, 15 acres, " " " No. 15,793, 10 acres, " " " " No. 15,793, 200 acres, " " Wright and Stark, Nos. 10,851, 10,244, 422 acres, Aug. 11, 1822, Goshen township. Wm. Lytle, No. 7363, 200 acres, Sept. 15, 1817, Goshen township. John Higgins, No. 3776, 200 acres, April 10, 1808, Goshen township. Thomas L. Shields, No. 13,530, 5J aores, May 23, 1834, Batavia Winter's, No. 12,508, 15 aores, Tate township. John Dimmitt, No. 14,516, 6 acres, April 25, 1840, Franklin township. John Preston, No. 9802, 20 acres, Jan. 28, 1819, Williamsburgh township. Wm. Mosley, No. 9545, 5 acres, June 1, 1820, Batavia township. " " No. 9546, 8 acres, " " " Thomas S. Foote, No. 9040, 63 acres, Indian Creek township. Allen Latham, No. 13,331, 682 acres, Feb. 5, 1833, Batavia township. It must not be understood that the lands in the foregoing non-patented surveys are fatally defective in their titles, as the government grant to Ohio for all unsurveyed and unsold lands in the Virginia Military District does not include those not carried into patents from loss of proper entries or ontnere technical grounds, but covers the unsurveyed, un sold, and all the tracts based on fraudulent surveys, of which none have to this date been discovered in this county. Besides, patents can be procured for the above- mentioned lands under the act of 1878, which says that the officers and soldiers of the Virginia line on the Conti nental establishment, their heirs or assigns, entitled to bounty-lands, which have, on or before Jan. 1, 1852, been entered between the Little Miami and Scioto Rivers, for satisfying the legal bounties to her officers and soldiers aforesaid, shall be allowed three years from 1878 to make and return their surveys for record to the office of the principal surveyor of the district, and may file their plats and certificates, warrants, or certified copies of same, at the General Land-Office, and receive patents for the same. EECOEDED PATENTS. The following is a list of the United States patents for lands in this county, on record in the Recorder's office, and shows the name of the patentee, number of acres, date of patent, name of the President issuing the same, and when sur veyed : Anderson, R. C, 1000 acres, Oct. 9, 1804; surveyed Nov. 14, 1787; Jefferson. Armstrong, L., 400 acres, Nov. 1, 1837; surveyed Dec. 25, 1787; Van Buren. Bibb, R., 1000 acres, March 3, 1797 ; surveyed Oct. 12, 1793 ; Wash ington. Bourne, S., 170 acres, July 12, 1821 ; surveyed April 18, 1820 ; Monroe. " 450 acres, June 1, 1822 ; surveyed April 14, 1821 ; Monroe. Breckenridge, J., 4666$ acres, May 14, 1802; surveyed March 27, 1794; Jefferson. Biggs, Benjamin, Jr., 907 acres, May 2, 1801 ; surveyed Feb. 6, 1798 ; Jefferson.- 6 Bayles, Henry, 1000 acres, Jan. 24, 1812 ; surveyed May 11, 1794 Madison. Broadwell, A., et al., 200 acres, May 2, 1854; surveyed June 27, 1794 Pierce. Catlett, John, 2000 acres, Nov. 2, 1801 ; surveyed April 18, 1788 Jefferson. Conn, Notley, 1000 acres, May 13, 1796; surveyed Jan. 6, 1788 • Washington. Carneal and Lytle, 4500 acres, Dec. 2, 1802 ; surveyed Aug. 16, 1798 Jefferson. Carrington, J., 500 acres, June 28, 1805 ; surveyed April 1, 1792 Jefferson. Campbell, Wetal, 400 acres, Jan. 15, 1825; surveyed April 10, 1793 Monroe. De Benneville, D., 400 acres, March 28, 1799; surveyed Aug. 1 1798 ; John Adams. De Benneville, D., 1500 acres, June 18, 1798 ; surveyed Nov. 25, 1796 J. Adams. De Benneville, D., 1000 acres, June 18, 1798 ; surveyed Nov. 26, 1796 J. Adams. De Benneville, D., 1000 acres, June 18, 1798; surveyed Nov. 26, 1796 J. Adams. Darby, N., 1444 acres, Feb. 5, 1804 ; surveyed Oct. 7, 1793 ; Jefferson. Dyer, Samuel, 1000 acres, Aug. 4, 1801; surveyed Dec. 6, 1796; Jef ferson. Dandridge, R., 666$ acres, May 14, 1796; surveyed April 17, 17S8 ; Washington . Darby, N., 633J aores, Sept. 7, 1799; surveyed June 16, 1797; J. Adams. Dickey, J., 35 acres, April 6, 1847; surveyed Dec. 4, 1837; Polk. " 60 acres, Aug. 21, 1849 ; surveyed June 10, 1849 ; Taylor. Dial, Shad., 100 acres, March 16, 1815; surveyed Jan. 5, 1794; Madi son. Bggleston, Joseph, 1000 acres, April 2, 1798 ; surveyed Jan. 2, 1798 J. Adams. Ely, George, 580 acres, July 2, 1812 ; surveyed Oct. 5, 1810 ; Madison Finley, Samuel, 400 acres, Dec. 13, 1811; surveyed May 26, 1798 Madison. Finley, Samuel, 1295 acres, Oct. 9, 1804; surveyed May 7, 1798 Jefferson. Finley, J., et al., 1000 acres, Feb. 18, 1800; surveyed Feb. 8, 1798 J. Adams. Fowler and Taylor, 765 acres, Sept. 28, 1830 ; surveyed Jan. 6, 1788 Jackson. Graham, John, 1 525 acres, May 13, 1796 ; surveyed March 8, 1794 Washington. Gernon, R., 2000 acres, June 1, 1799; surveyed Oct. 10, 1793; J. Adams. Gray, John, 1000 acres, March 6, 1810 ; surveyed May 7, 1798 ; Madi son. Gray, John, 311 acres, Feb. 19, 1814; surveyed April 13, 1809 ; Madi son. Gray, John, 9 acres, Feb. 19, 1814; surveyed April 13, 1809; Madi son. Gray, John, 95 acres, Aug. 24, 1815; surveyed May 8, 1801 ; Madison William Smith's heirs, 666$ acres, Feb. 12, 1807; surveyed March 10 1795 ; Jefferson. Gordon, T., 1500 acres, Oct. 20, 1819; surveyed March 14, 1795 Monroe. Higbee, Isaac, 41$ acres, Oct. 14, 1818; surveyed Oct. 15, 1817 Monroe. Hodgdon, Samuel, 800 acres, Aug. 17, 1799; surveyed March 9, 1795 J. Adams. Humlong, G., et al., 533 acres, Nov. 4, 1821; surveyed Dec. 28, 1787 Monroe. Hopkins, John, 1000 acres, April 2, 1803; surveyed Feb. 2, 1788 Jefferson. Hopkins, John, 1000 acres, May 2, 1801 ; surveyed Feb. 7, 1788 Jefferson. Humphries, D. C, 300 acres, Jan. 4, 1835; surveyed Feb. 17, 1818 Jackson. Howell, B., 800 acres, June 14, 1798; surveyed April 1, 1793; J Adams. Herron, James, 662$ acres, July 1, 1801 ; surveyed April 17, 1800 Jefferson. 42 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Hamilton, Alex., 400 acres, March 10, 1802 ; surveyed April 25, 1800 ; Jefferson. Hill, John, 138J acres, June 9, 1836; surveyed May 1, 1834; Jack son. Jacobs, R. C, 4000 acres, Feb. 25, 1804; surveyed April 14, 1788; Jefferson. Johnson, James, 1249 acres, Sept. 9, 1799 ; surveyed Aug. 25, 1798 ; J. Adams. Johnson, James, 1000 acres, Sept. 9, 1799; surveyed Aug. 25, 1798; J. Adams. Jackson, J. H., 20 acres, Feb. 10, 1837 ; surveyed Oct. 31, 1835; Jack son. Jones, Joseph, 1000 acres, Dec. 6, 1800; surveyed April 10, 1788; Jefferson. Jones, Joseph, 738 acres, Feb. 20, 1798; surveyed Oct. 12, 1793; J. Adams. Johnson, James, 1033J acres, Aug. 30, 1799; surveyed June 17, 1797; J. Adams. Kyle, Joseph, 200 acres, Aug. 14, 1805; surveyed April 8, 1799; Jef ferson. Kirby, Timothy, 94 acres, June 1, 1833 ; surveyed June 22, 1832 ; Jackson. Lytle and Taylor, 860 acres, July 22, 1812 ; surveyed May 21, 1811 ; Madison. Lytle, Wm., 1000 acres, July 5, 1799 ^ surveyed April 16, 1788; J. Adams. Lucas, N., 2045 acres, Oct. 14, 1801 ; surveyed May 25, 1788; Jeffer son. Lytle, William, 200 acres, Aug. 3, 1820 ; surveyed Sept. 15, 1815 ; Monroe. Linton, William, 1666$ acres, May 22, 1801 ; surveyed Oct. 20, 1792; Jefferson. Lytle, William, 100 acres, June 9, 1798; surveyed May 25, 1794; J. Adams. Massie, H., 1000 acres, April 19, 1809 ; surveyed Oct. 10, 1805 ; Mad ison. Matthews, G. and C. L., 1777$ acres, April 29, 1800 ; surveyed April 9, 1788 ; J. Adams. McDougal. J., 573J acres, Jan. 5, 1847; surveyed March 27, 1802; Polk. Neville, P., 1400 acres, April 3, 1811; surveyed Nov. 13, 1788; Madi son. Nash, James, 100 acres, Dec. 29, 1815; surveyed May 7, 1807; Madi son. O'Bannon, J., 1000 acres, Jan. 28, 1805; surveyed April 11, 1788; Jefferson. Paxton, Thomas, 1000 acres, March 13, 1799 ; surveyed May 28, 1788 ; J. Adams. Parker, A., 1300 acres, Feb. 20, 1798; surveyed Jan. 2, 1788; J. Adams. Robinson, S., 1110$ acres, March 26, 1806; surveyed May 27, 1788 Jefferson. Sapp, John, 1000 acres, April 19, 1809; surveyed Oct. 10, 1805 Madison. Smith, Nick, 200 acres, Sept. 23, 1805; surveyed Maroh 17, 1804 Jefferson. Springer, Levi, 600 acres, Feb. 27, 1824; surveyed April 2, 1820 Monroe. Selden Miles, 666$ acres, Oct. 29, 1804; surveyed May 2, 1794; Jef ferson. Shields and Hill, 498 acres, Jan. 12, 1837; surveyed May 9, 1834; Jackson. Sargent, Adams. acres, Aug. 15, 1805; surveyed Dec. 27, 1787 ; J. Stephenson, D., 1200 acres, April 13, 1798; surveyed Jan. 7, 1788; J. Adams. Snider, Sarah, 3 acres, Dec. 10, 1847 ; surveyed Feb. 23, 1847 ; Polk. Townsley, Robert, 43 aores, May 3, 1816; surveyed Jan. 15, 1816 Madison. Townsley, Robert, 62 acres, May 3, 1816; surveyed Jan. 14, 1816 Madison. Townsley, Robert, 35 acres, May 22, 1816; surveyed July 19 1811 Madison. Taylor, Francis, 1000 acres, March 27, 1800 ; surveyed April 1, 1788 J. Adams. Todd, Robert, 400 acres, May 1, 179S ; surveyed March 10, 1794; J, Adams. Taylor, James, 150 acres, Dec. 31, 1830; surveyed April 9, 1808 Jackson. Taylor, James, 87 acres, Feb. 24, 1835; surveyed Jan. 20, 1833 Jackson. Taylor and Lytle, 1000 acres, May 13, 1796; surveyed April 17, 1788 Washington. . Taylor, James, Jr., 305 acres, July 20, 1837; surveyed June 13, 1834; Van Buren. Taylor, James, 200 acres, May 1, 1832; surveyed June 1, 1820; Jack son. Tyler, Robert, 1333J acres, April 26, 1797; surveyed Oct. 6, 1793 J. Adams. Towles, Oliver, 1310 acres, Feb. 27, 1812; surveyed April 16, 1788 Jefferson. Taylor and Lytle, 300 acres, Feb. 24, 1835; surveyed Feb. 1, 1821 Jackson. Taylor, James, 2000 acres, June 18, 1805 ; surveyed March 18, 1804 Jefferson. Taylor, James, 200 acres, Dec. 14, 1807; surveyed March 17, 1804 Jefferson. Warfield, W., 700 acres, July 16, 1798; surveyed May 30, 1794; J. Adams. Weaver, John, 682 acres, Aug. 1, 1833 ; surveyed Feb. 5, 1833 ; Jack son. Wilson, John, 6$ acres, June 9, 1836; surveyed May 23, .1834; Jack son. Washington, G. F., 1000 acres, Feb. 3, 1814 ; surveyed Jan. 5, 1788 ; Madison. Wallace, C, 200 acres, July 3, 1824; surveyed Jan. 11, 1824; Monroe. Witham, M., 1000 acres, Nov. 28, 1803; surveyed April 8, 1788; Jef ferson. Wood and Armstrong, 100 acres, Feb. 5, 1837; surveyed Dec. 25, 1788; Van Buren. Young, G. F., 500 acres, June 5, 1820 ; surveyed Oct. 24, 1817 ; Monroe. Thus, out of five hundred and twelve surveys in the county, there are but one hundred and one patents recorded, — in other words, but one in every five of the surveys. SURVEYS OE THE COUNTY. Their original proprietors, numbers, quantity of acres, and in what townships located. Anderson, Richard C, No. 391, 1000 acres, Washington township. Armstrong, John, No. 1651, 634 acres, Franklin township. Allison, Richard, No. 1730, 434 acres, " " Anderson, Richard C, No. 1177, 454 acres, Pierce township. Allison, Richard, No. 1773, 441 acres, Stonelick township. Aldridge, John, No. 3878, 100 acres, Union township. Anderson, Richard C, No. 2385, 560 acres, Goshen township. " " • No. 3512, 125 acres, Franklin township. " " No. 3513, 1000 aores, Tate township. " " No. 3066, 200 acres, Franklin township. ' " " No. 3551, 1700 acres, Tate township. Robert Beale, No. 847, 1000 acres, Ohio township. Bowyer, Henry, No. 1067, 657 acres, Franklin township. Bryan, Morgan, No. 1724, 200 acres, " " Butler, Lawrence, No. 415, 1000 acres, Monroe township. Buckner, Thomas, No. 1087, 1000 acres, Washington township. Baylor, Robert, No. 511, 1000 acres, Pierce township. Bradshaw, John, No. 1772, 1159 acres, Union township. Burton, John, No. 761, 1333J acres, Washington township. Biggs, Benjamin, No. 1005, 907 acres, Monroe township. Browne, Thomas, No. 723, 1000 acres, Washington township. Broughton, William, No. 2193, 400 acres, Goshen township. Brownlee, William, No. 725, 1000 acres, Washington township. Branham and Humphrey, No. 3777, 300 acres, Goshen township. Britain, Mary, No. 2571, 200 acres, " " Baldwin, Francis, No. 2570, 233J acres, Miami township. Binns, John and Charles, No. 1499, 1500 acres, Goshen township. Bowman, Abraham, No. 7088, 860 acres, Washington township. Boyer, Armet E., No. 15,526, 5 acres, Goshen township. Brush and Hill, No. 13,645, 19 acres, Pierce township. LAND-GRANTS, TITLES, AND SURVEYS. 43 Barrett, William, No. 710, 1000 acres, Goshen township. Breckenridge, John, No. 2373, 4000 acres, Tate township. Butler, Lawrence, No. 1199, 1000 acres, Monroe township. " " No. 1199, 880 acres, " " Beasley, Benjamin, No. 9446, 356 acres, Pierce township. Bourne, Sylvannus, No. 10,639, 450 aeres, Jaokson township. Boyce, William, No. 9550, 18 acres, Stonelick township. Bowman, Abraham, Nos. 4455, 5957, 7090, 500 acres, Union town ship. Bowman, Abraham, No. 7091, 4854 acres, Goshen township. " " No. 7093, 200 acres, " " " " No. 9386, 125 acres, Jackson township. Bayles, Henry, No. 1616, 1000 acres, Washington township. Brown, Robert, No. 706, 100 acres, Union township. Butler, Lawrenoe, No. 5258, 120 aores, Jackson township. " " No. 1357, 240 acres, Washington township. Craddoek, Robert, No. 892, 964 acres, " " Carter, Nicholas, No. 1285, 400 acres, Franklin township. Clark, Jonathan, No. 972, 1000 acres, Miami township. Clay, Mathew, No. 674, 662 acres, Union township. Catlett, John, No. 506, 2000 acres, Pierce township. Carrington, Joseph, No. 631, 500 acres, Miami township. Call, Richard, No. 524, 1000 acres, Goshen township. Clay, John, No. 2954, 500 acres, Tate township. Chambers, William, No. 2947, 200 acres, Williamsburgh township. Campbell, John, No. 866, 200 acres, Washington township. Carrington, Edward, No. 2434, 1100 acres, Union township. Cabell, Samuel J., No. 5229, 18334 acres, Wayne township. Cabell, Taylor, et al., No. 12,079, 1980$ acres, Wayne township. Currie, James, Nos. 3339, 3340, 1466$ acres, Wayne township. Collins, William, No. 9608, 200 acres, Ohio township. Clayton, Philip, No. 581, 966$ acres, Batavia township. Campbell, Robert, No. 2196, 400 acres, Goshen township. Campbell, John, No. 866, 200 acres, Washington township. Casey, Peter, No. 572, 700 acres, Tate township. Coleman, Samuel, No. 2432, 100 acres, Goshen township. " " No. 2194, 444J acres, Williamsburgh township. Crawford, John, No. 1160, 525 acres, Ohio township. Croghan, William, No. 1794, 250 acres, Batavia township. Currie, James, No. 3338, 7334 acres, Wayne township. Dandridge, John, No. 437, 1000 acres, Ohio township. Davies and O'Bannon, No. 1646, 1000 acres, Franklin township. " " No. 1647, 1000 acres, " " Davies, William, No. 514, 1000 acres, Pierce township. Dix, Thomas, No. 992, 1000 acres, Miami township. De. Benneville, Daniel, No. 2957, 500 acres, Jackson township. " " No. 5251, 100 acres, Batavia township. Denny, Aaron, No. 1652, 500 acres, Stonelick township. Dandridge, Robert, No. 593, 666$ aeres, Batavia township. De Benneville, Daniel, No. 2810, 1500 acres, Williamsburgh township. " " No. 2811, 1000 aeres, " " " " No. 281, 1000 acres, " " Dimmitt, Moses, No. 9126, 18 acres, Stonelick township. Dudley, Ambrose, No. 2952, 773$ acres, Tate township. De Benneville, Daniel, No. 2810, 2000 acres, Williamsburgh town ship. Dimmitt, Ezekiel, No. 13,536, 11 acres, Batavia township. Dimmitt, John, No. 14,516, 6 acres, Franklin township. Donnell, John, No. 4442, 666$ acres, Stonelick township. Donnell, Jonathan, No. 4444, 200 acres, Stonelick township. Dimmitt, John, Nos. 14,518, 14,533, 128 acres, Franklin-township. Dandridge, Robert, No. 564, 535 acres, Tate township. " " No. 564, 465 acres, " " Davis, Jesse, Nos. 7105, 10,420, 13,934, 220 acres, Stonelick township. Darby, Nathaniel, No. 2058, 10331 acres, Union township. " " No. 2058, 633J acres, " " Dandridge, Robert, No. 564, 535 acres, Tate township. Darby, Nathaniel, No. 2057, 1444 acres, Batavia township. Eggleston, Joseph, No. 1197, 1000 acres, Monroe township. Edwards, Leroy, No. 720, 1000 aores, Miami township. Epple, Andrew, No. 764, 1000 aores, Wayne township. Eddings, Samuel, No. 1366, 1000 acres, Pierce township. Fowler, William, No. 261, 765 acres, Pierce township. Finley, Samuel, No. 1763, 400 acres, " " Florence, Daniel, No. 1318, 1100 acres, Washington township. Fox, Thomas, and Taylor, Nos. 3805, 4235, 666$ aeres, Stonelick town ship. Fenn, Thomas, No. 3341, 166$ acres, Wayne township. Finley, Samuel, No. 526, 856 acres, Stonelick township. " " No. 526, 144 acres, Batavia township. Gibbon, Robert, No. 493, 1000 acres, " Griffin, John T., No. 590, 1000 acres, Miami township. Gunner, James, No. 3878, 100 acres, Union township. Gray, James, No. 1242, 1000 acres, Batavia township. " " No. 1116, 984 acres, " " Griffin, John T., No. 519, 1000 acres, Miami township. Gerrard, Joseph, No. 2376, 300 acres, Goshen township. Graham, Francis, No. 2405, 850 acres, Stonelick township. " " No. 3624, 150 aores, Goshen township. Gregory, Walter, No. 4463, 200 acres, Jackson township. " " No. 4465, 100 acres, " " Grigg, Matthew, No. 12,080, 41 acres, Stonelick township. Gimbo, William, No. 4457, 200 acres, Batavia township. Garrett, John, No. 1966, 20 acres, Miami township. " " No. 3832, 57 acres, " " " No. 4825, 23 acres, " Graham, Felix Y., No. 9385, 500 acres, Wayne township. Gist, Nathaniel, No. 964, 5834 acres, Tate township. Gordon, Ambrose, No. 969, 1500 acres, Jackson township. " " No. 2528, 166$ acres, Williamsburgh township. Graham, John, No. 3552, 100 acres, Washington township. " " No. 2745, 189 acres, Union township. Green, John, No. 4919, 500 aeres, Pierce township. " " No. 5297, 250 acres, Tate township. Green, William, No. 274, 666 acres, Monroe township. Gist, Nathaniel, No. 7747, 8474 acres, Tate township. " " No. 4454, 750 acres, " " Hackley, John, No. 905, 666$ acres, Franklin township. Hamilton, John, No. 866, 400 acres, Washington township. Holt, Thomas, No. 973, 1000 acres, Miami township. Higgins, Peter, No. 958, 910 acres, " " Hardin, John, No. 2399, 200 acres, Union township. Harrison, John, No. 1543, 515 acres, Monroe township. " " No. 1543, 545 acres, " " Hackley, John, No. 1089, 100 acres, Stonelick township. Humphreys and Brashaw, No. 3777, 300 acres, Goshen township. Hill and Brush, No. 13,645, 19 acres, Pierce township. Hardin, John, No. 1935, 250 acres, Union township. Hardin, Martin, No. 1988, 250 acres, Batavia township. Hill, John, No. 13,533, 6$ acres, Williamsburgh township. Hill, Baylor, No. 946, 283 acres, Tate township. tt it tt 230 t, tt tt Hackley, John, No. 1089, 143 acres, Stonelick township. Hawkins, John, No. 2955, 205 acres, Tate township. Hill, John, No. 13,534, 21 acres, Union township. " " No. 13,535, 11 acres, Jackson township. Hawkins, Martin, No. 2950, 1100 acres, Williamsburgh township. Heth, William, No. 3407, 1334 acres, Batavia township. Higgins, John, No. 3776, 200 acres, Goshen township. Hite and Taylor, No. 6222, 300 acres, Monroe township. Hawles, Samuel, No. 2800, 280 acres, Miami township. Herron, James, No. 3814, 666$ acres, Stonelick township. Harvie, John, No. 3345, 8334 acres, Williamsburgh township. " " No. 3621, 560 acres, Miami township. Harvie and Fenn, No. 3337, 4500 acres, Wayne township. Harvie, John, " " " " Hubbard, Green K., No. 6152, 100 acres, Miami township. Humphreys, Alexander, No. 2946, 100 acres, Williamsburgh township. Hill and Bryan, No. 13,758, 24 acres, Stonelick township. Hammell, Enoch, No. 15,247, 20 acres, Goshen township. Hinde, Thomas S., No. 9031, 1159 acres, Union township. Howell, Ezekiel, No. 1767, 800 acres, Miami township-. Hogg and Davis, Nos. 10,420, 7105, 234 acres, Stonelick township. Harvie, John, No. 3343, 2000 acres, Williamsburgh township. " " No. 3344, 1000 acres, " " Innis, James, No. 1725, 1000 acres, Franklin township. " " No. 1655, " " " No. 1656, " " " " " No. 1668, 1041 acres, " " " " No. 1726, 1000 acres, Tate township. 44 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Irwirie, John, Jr., No. 4445, 200 acres, Jackson township. Jackson, David, No. 1539, 333 acres, Ohio township. Jones, Cadwalder, No. 976, 1000 acres, Miami township. Johnson, John B., No. 981, 1000 acres, Miami' township. Jones, Joseph, No. 991, 1000 acres, Miami township. Jones, Churchill, No. 1134, 1000 acres, Union township. Johnston, William, No. 1774, 1000 acres, Batavia township. " " No. 1765, " " " No. 1209, 1066$ acres, Jackson township. Johnson, John W., No. 2384, 300 acres, Goshen township. Jonitt, Robert, No. 1517, 215 acres, Ohio township. Johnson, John B., No. 937, 1000 acres, Monroe township. Jones, Joseph, No. 934, 1000 acres, Batavia township. Johnson, James, No. 3329, 1249$ acres, Batavia township. Jones, Cadwalder, No. 714, 1525 acres, Washington township. Johnson, James, No. 5252, 682 acres, Batavia township. " No. 3329, 1417 acres, Jackson township. Jones, Joseph, No. 948, 1000 acres, Williamsburgh township. Jones, Shotha, No. 566, 1000 acres, Tate township. Jones, Albridgeton, No. 9450, 291| acres, Jackson township. " " No. 10,774, 107 acres, " " Karr, James, No. 4784, 200 acres, Jackson township. Kerr, Joseph, No. 4845, 243 acres, Batavia township. King, Miles, No. 9375, 71f acres, Tate township. Kendriok, E. P., No. 13,841, 50 acres, Washington township. Knox, James, No. 4795, 888| acres, Pierce township. " " No. 366, 2000 acres, Tate township. " " No. 2737, 1300 acres, " Kirby, Timothy, No. 13,197, 94 acres, Jackson township. Keith, Isham, No. 1701, 944 acres, Batavia township. King, Elisha, Nos. 1545, 2195, 400 acres, Miami township. Kirk, Robert, No. 735, 1000 acres, Franklin township. Lytle and Tibbs, No. 5962, 45 acres, Goshen township. Lytle, William, No. 5254, 100 acres, Williamsburgh township. Lewis, George, No. 1769, 200 acres, Monroe townBhip. Lucas, Nathaniel, No. 1753, 2045 acres, Pierce township. " " No. 1753, 1000 acres, " " Lytle, William, No. 4781, 50 acres, Williamsburgh township. " No. 4801, 16§ acres, Jackson township. " " No. 2377, 500 acres, Goshen township. " " No. 4248, 1500 acres, Miami township. " No. 4780, 621 acres, Jackson township. " No. 4782, 666f acres, " " Lytle and Taylor, No. 4783, 666| acres, Stonelick township. Lytle, William, No. 7363, 200 acres, Goshen township. Lytle and Porter, No. 8289, 344 acres, Williamsburgh township. Lee, George S., No. 13,347, 15 acres, Franklin township. Lytle, William, No. 3333, 629$ acres, Williamsburgh township. No. 4247, 666§ acres, " " No. 4440, 1500 acres, Stonelick township. " " No. 4249, 500 acres, Williamsburgh township. " No. 4441, 300 acres, Stonelick township. " No. 4458, 675 acres, Monroe township. " No. 4250, 307 acres, Jackson township. " No. 2939, 1000 acres, Tate township. Lytle and Stephenson, Nos. 2286, 2948, 356 acres, Miami township. Lytle and Porter, No. 8289, 344 acres, Williamsburgh township. Lytle, William, No. 2942, 1000 acres, " " " " No. 2949, 525 acres, Tate township. " No. 3331, 500 acres, Jackson township. " " No. 3332, 500 acres, Miami township. Ladd, Benjamin, et al., No. 10,232, 170 acres, Stonelick township. Lawson, William, No. 957, 1000 acres, Jackson township. Light, George C, No. 8909, 228 acres, Union township. Lee, Charles, No. 3335, 300 acres, Williamsburgh township. Linton, John, No. 681, 1666J acres, Stonelick township. Lytle, William, No. 2019, 500 acres, Miami township. " " No. 2190, 200 acres, Goshen township. Light, George C, No. 8905, 20 acres, Ohio township. " " No. 8904, 8 acres, Batavia township. " " No. 8907, 15 acres, Ohio township. " " No. 11,033, 200 acres, Ohio township. Lindsey, Joseph, No. 3623, 200 acres, Miami township. Latham, Allen, No. 13,361, 682 acres, Batavia township. Lytle, William, No. 3048, 200 acres, Williamsburgh township. Lytle, William, No. 4464, 200 acres, Stonelick township. McDougal, John, No. 1684, 5734 acres, Washington township. " " No. 1683, 510 aores, " " " " No. 1683, 666$ acres, Mosley, Benjamin, No. 1102, 1000 acres, Franklin township. Miller, Jarvin, No. 1080, 1000 acres, " " Mathews, George, No. 1138, 1777$ aores, Union township. Mosley, William, No. 1115, 1000 acres, " " McDowell, John, No. 1480, 666$ acres, Miami township. Morrow, Robert, No. 666, 1000 acres, Union township. Merriwether, James, No. 1136, 1000 acres, Union township. McCraw, Samuel, No. 1760, 1064 acres, Monroe township. Massina and Lytle, No. 5248, 100 aeres, Batavia township. McCraw, Samuel, No. 1 761, 734 acres, Monroe township. McDougal, John, No. 1767, 666$ aores, " " Massie, Henry, No. 10,712, 21 acres, Miami township. McKinnie, James, No. 13,537, 1524 acres, Stonelick township. Mosley, Benjamin, No. 1102, 1000 acres, Franklin township. Minnis, Holman, No. 1032, 1000 acres, Wayne township. Massie, Thomas P., No. 3776, 150 acres, Goshen township. Mountjoy, John, No. 4448, 2000 acres, Jackson township. " " No. 5582, 300 acres, Tate township. Mosley, William, No. 1499, 1166$ acres, Jackson township. Mosley and Robinson, No. 5992, 1114 acres, Miami township. Mosley, William, No. 8976, 66 acres, Union township. m Maybone, James, No. 998, 1000 acres, Batavia township. Martin, Thomas, No. 6878, 500 acres, " " Mosley, William, Nos. 6194, 7120, 7121, 180 acres, Batavia township. McDowell, John, No. 706, 200 acres, Union township. Morrison, James, No. 2940, 1250 acres, Tate township. Morrow, Robert, No. 666, 1000 acres, Union township. Massie, Henry, No. 4862, 977 acres, " " Mosley, William, No. 5995, 320 acres, Miami township. " No. 7197, 17 acres, Batavia township. No. 10,159, 8 acres, " " No. 6530, 108J acres, Stonelick township. MeCardell, James, No. 2283, 100 acres, Goshen township. McGeorge, Cormick, No. 10,495, 250 acres, Batavia township. Mayo, Peter P., Nos. 12,304, 12,406, 200 acres, Jackson township. Mitchell, James, No. 4401, 100 acres, Batavia township. McDougal, John, No. 4400, 437 acres, Washington township. Minzies, Samuel P., No. 3799, 816 acres, Goshen township. Morrison, James, No. 4800, 100 acres, Jackson township. Massie, Henry, No. 4841, 200 acres, Union township. Miller, T. B. and L. J., No. 12,495, 4504 acres, Plerco township. Morrison and Donnel, No. 3775, 516$ acres, Goshen township. Morrison, James, No. 2940, 1250 acres, Tate township. Mosley, William, No. 9545, 5 acres, Batavia township. " " No. 9546, 8 aores, " " Moss, Henry, No. 726, 1000 aores, Tate township. Mountjoy, John, Nos. 4236, 4447, 2000 acres, Stonelick township. Morgan, Daniel, No. 659, 2222 acres, Washington township. Mosley, William, No. 949, 13334 acres, Jackson township. Mayo, Peter P., No. 12,408, 100 acres, Franklin township. Meade, Richard K., No. 1665, 1000 acres, Franklin township. " No. 1663, 1000 aores, " " Neville, John, No. 388, 1400 acres, Washington township. Nancarrow, John, No. 1747, 822 acres, Pierce township. " No. 1748, 230 acres, Miami township. " No. 1748, 1000 acres, Pierce township. Norvell, Lipscomb, No. 765, 13334 acres, Washington township. Nanoarrow, John, No. 9444, 300 acres, Tate township. Nail, Martin, No. 2194, 300 acres, Miami township. Neville, John, No. 4848, 1060$ aores, Miami township. " No. 4847, 839 acres, Franklin township. Nail, William, No. 2192, 1100 acres, Miami and Goshen townships. Nelson, William, No. 3825, 690 acres, Stonelick township. Overton, Thomas, No. 949, 260 acres, Batavia township. O'Neal, Ferdinand, No. 913, 1000 acres, Monroe township. Overton, John, No. 987, 890 acres, Stonelick township. " No. 987, 514 aores, " " " " No. 987, 376 acres, " O'Bannon and Davies, No. 1646, 1000 acres, Franklin township. " No. 1647, 1000 acres, Overton, Thomas, No. 2436, 1000 acres, Batavia township LAND-GRANTS, TITLES, AND SURVEYS. 45 O'Neal, Ferdinand, No. 655, 992 acres, Pierce township. Overton, Thomas, No. 502, 700 acres, Miami township. " " No. 2497, 765 acres, Monroe township. O'Bannon, John, No. 2378, 480 acres, Franklin township. " " No. 2379, 590 acres, " " " " No. 2721, 290 aores, Union township. " " No. 2961, 672 acres, Franklin township. " " No. 4031, 3884 acres, Batavia township. Parker, Alexander, No. 834, 700 acres, Washington township. " " No. 646, 1300 acres, Monroe township. " " No. 508, 400 acres, Franklin township. Powell, Robert, No. 430, 1000 acres, Miami township. Parker, John, No. 2588, 50 acres, Jackson township. Pierce, William, No. 9532, 550 acres, Goshen township. Parker, Alexander, No. 834, 700 acres, Washington township. Payton, James, No. 706, 95 acres, Union township. Patterson, Charles, No. 2937, 820 acres, Tate township. Parsons, William, No. 585, 1000 acres, Williamsburgh township. Pasky, Frederiok, No. 910, 800 acres, " " Peyton, Francis, No. 3856, 600 acres, Union township. Pierson, Thomas, No. 928, 13334 acres, Tate township. Pelham, Charles, No. 6551, 200 acres, Miami township. Preston, John, No. 9802, 200 acres, Williamsburgh township. Parker, Alexander, No. 834, 700 acres, Washington township. Payne, John, No. 4446, 200 aores, Jackson township. Porter, William, No. 8290, 444 acres, Tate township. Peyton, Timothy, No. 954, 1000 acres, Jackson township. Patterson, Charles, No. 2936, 1000 acres, Tate township. Quarles, Nathaniel, No. 4240, 200 acres, Stonelick township. Roy, Beverly, No. 1064, 1000 acres, Washington township. " " No. 1064, 1000 acres, Franklin township. Rhea, Matthew, No. 2951, 884$ acres, Tate township. Ridley, Thomas, No. 3406, 166$ acres, Batavia township. Richardson, W. and G., No. 768, 1000 acres, Tate township. Robertson, James, No. 851, 200 acres, Washington township. Robertson, George, No. 851, 75 aeres, " " Ryley, John, No. 851, 200 acres, Washington township. Robinson, W. H., No. 13,606, 44 acres, Union township. Roy, Beverly, No. 939, 1500 acres, Tate township. " " No. 3778, 325 acres, " " Robertson, William, No. 639, 666$ acres, Williamsburgh township. Roy, Beverly, No. 4460, 175 acres, Tate township. Smith, William, No. 866, 400 acres, Washington township. Stephenson, David, No. 722, 1200 acres, Ohio township. Starke, Lewis, No. 1349, 666$ acres, Monroe township. Stevens, Edward, Nos. 1671, 1672, 1673, 2262 acres, Union township. " " No. 1669, 1000 acres, Franklin township. " " No. 1670, 1000 acres, " " " " Nos. 1675, 1676, 1677, 1900 acres, Stonelick town ship. Stevens, Edward, No. 3877, 123 acres, Batavia township. Simpson, Edward, No. 1770, 200 acres, Miami township. Straws, George F., No. 2938, 1100' acres, Tate township. Scott, Joseph, No. 586, 1000 acres, Batavia township. Snider, Sarah, No. 15,171, 3 acres, Goshen township. Shields, Thomas L., No. 13,530, 5| acres, Batavia township. " " " No. 13,532, 44 acres, " " Smith, James, No. 3776, 200 acres, Goshen township. Stewart and Taylor, No. 13,388, 53 acres, Jackson township. " " No. 13,389, 30J acres, " " Shackleford, Samuel, No. 2404, 100 acres, Goshen township. Smith, William S., No. 950, 666$ acres, Williamsburgh township. Sneed, Smith, No. 2066, 1500 acres, Franklin township. Starke, Lewis, No. 715, 450 acres, Miami township. Stiers, Ralph, No. 13,904, 25 acres, Franklin township. " " No. 13,905, 10 acres, " " Stewart, James, No. 14,532, 6 acres, Washington township. Shields, Thomas L., No. 14,523, 1384 acres, Jackson township. " " " No. 13,524, 498 aores, Smith, Nicholas, No. 4457, 200 acres, Stonelick township. Standard and Johnson, No. 4241, 200 acres, Jackson township. Stephenson and Lytle, No. 2948, 390 Seres, Monroe township. Smock, Jacob, No. 851, 156 acres, Washington township. Seldon, Samuel, No. 676, 666$ aores, Union township. Sewell, William, No. 3206, 300 acres, Tate township. Singleton, Anthony, No. 4402, 86$ acres, Batavia township. Stephenson, David, No. 630, 1110 acres, Franklin township. Starke, Richard, No. 10,851, 281J acres, Goshen township. Talliaferro, William, No. 1066, 533 acres, Franklin township. Taylor, James, No. 4244, 100 aores, Stonelick township. " " No. 5960, 400 acres, Goshen township. " Francis, No. 1654, 1000 acres, Franklin township. " No. 1657, 1000 acres, " " " " No. 1658, 1000 acres, *' " " Reuben, No. 1652, 1000 acres, " " " " No. 1653, 1000 acres, " " " William, No. 637, 1000 acres, Union township. Thomas, Lewis, No. 1762, 1000 acres, Batavia township. Towles, Oliver, No. 1239, 1310 acres, Tate township. " " No. 1239, 1000 acres, Monroe township. Todd, Robert, No. 1017, 1110$ acres, Miami township. Tibbs and Lytle, No. 6952, 45 acres, Goshen township. Taylor, James, No. 5958, 300 acres, Batavia township. " " No. 5959, 800 acres, Goshen township. Tibbs, William, No. 5256, 80 acres, Batavia township. Trent, Lawrence, No. 728, 1000 acres, Washington township. Thomas, Lewis, No. 4455, 200 acres, Batavia township. " " No. 4455, 20 acres, " " " " No. 6219, 311 acres, Monroe township. " No. 1989, 98 acres, " " " " No. 1989, 235 acres, Batavia township. Taylor, James, No. 15,435, 5 acres, Jackson township. " " No. 7092, 500 acres, Goshen township. Taylor, Francis, No. 3050, 3334 acres, Wayne township. Taylor, Morrow, et al., No. 4449, 2115J acres, Stonelick township. Taylor, James, No. 13,368, 28 acres, Batavia township. " " No. 13,364, 109 acres, " " " " No. 13,363, 20 acres, " " " " No. 7103, 2 acres, " " " " No. 4450, 500 acres, Stonelick township. " " No. 4791, 666$ acres, Jackson township. " No. 15,745, 60 acres, " " " " No. 3776, 150 acres, Goshen township. Taylor and Hite, No. 6222, 300 acres, Monroe township. Taylor and Stewart, No. 13,388, 53 acres, Jackson township. " " No. 13,389, 30i acres, " " Taylor, James, No. 13,938, 35 acres, Jackson township. Todd, Robert, No. 1550, 400 acres, Miami township. Taylor, James, No. 13,367, 87 acres, Jackson township. " " No. 13,366, 66 acres, " " " " No. 15,837, 40 acres, " " " " No. 13,369, 30 acres, " " Taylor, Francis, No. 4243, 188$ acres, Pierce township. Taylor, William, No. 4237,-889 acres, Stonelick township. Temple, Benjamin, No. 4802, 200 acres, Batavia township. Taylor, James, No. 12,464, 24 acres, Goshen township. Tibbs, John, No. 4252, 1000 acres, Jackson township. Temple, Benjamin, No. 4459, 1000 acres, Batavia township. Townsley, Robert, No. 6948, 42 acres, Batavia township. " ' " No. 7106, 43 acres, " " " No. 6949, 35 acres, " " Thomas, Lewis, No. 5259, 365 acres, Jackson township. Taylor, James, Jr., No. 5259, 305 acres, Jackson township. Towles and Taylor, No. 3803, 1000 acres, Wayne township. Taylor, James, No. 3804, 666$ acres, Goshen township. Taylor, Cabell, et al., No. 12,079, 1980$ acres, Wayne township. Taylor, Lytle, et al., No. 3790, 1766$ acres, Goshen township. Taylor, James, Jr., No. 13,644, 20 acres, Goshen township. Taylor and Kirk, No. 9385, 220 acres, Wayne township. Taylor, Martins, et al., No. 5580, 350 acres, Ohio township. Taylor, Francis, No. 1659, 1000 acres, Franklin township. Vance, Andrew, No. 2406, 200 acres, Goshen township. Voden, Henry, No. 2374, 100 acres, Goshen township. Vowles, Henry, No. 3800, 1666$ acres, " " " No. 3801, 1000 acres, " " Vanderwall, Mark, No. 966, 666$ acres, " " Vansant and Meigs, No. 9383, 250 acres, Goshen township. Washington, George, No. 403, 1000 acres, Pierce township. " " No. 1650, 839 acres, Franklin township. " " No. 1765, 1235 acres, Miami township. 46 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Washington, George, No. 1775, 977 acres, Union township. Winlock, Joseph, No. 1771, 1295 acres, Union township. " " -No. 1771, 1295 acres, " " Waters, Richard J., No. 921, 1000 acres, Ohio township. White, John, No. 597, 666$ acres, Miami township. Woodford, John, No. 1156, 2475 acres, Monroe township. Whiting, Henry, No. 561, 1000 acres, Tate township. Wallace, C, and others, No. 10,090, 3754 acres, Jackson township. Walden, George, No. 4452, 100 acres, Jackson township. Wallace, W. B., No. 955, 1000 acres, Williamsburgh township. Wallace and Young, No. 8171, 598 acres, Jackson township. Wright and Starke, No. 10,244, 281J acres, Goshen township. Watts, John, No. 4553, 444$ acres, Batavia township. Wilcox and Lytle, No. 12,232, 100 acres, Goshen township. Watts, John, No. 12,483, 128 acres, Batavia township. " " No. 5253, 222 acres, " " Waters, Richard J., No. 926, 2000 acres, Tate township. Whitaker, William, No. 705, 666$ acres, Williamsburgh township. Watts, John, No. 3780, 620 acres, Tate township. Watts and Smith, No. 3781, 666$ acres, Tate township. Yancy and Wallace, No. 8171, 598 acres, Jackson township. Yancy and Layton, No. 8171, 834 acres, " " Young, Original, No. 2055, 600 acres, Stonelick township. Zimmerman, William, No. 910, 200 acres, Williamsburgh township! Many of the above surveys lie in two townships, but the township is given in which the largest portion is lo cated, and several are partly in this county and partly in Brown, Hamilton, Warren, and Clinton Counties. The early settlers, in their haste to enter and locate lands and reclaim from the woods the fertile acres they had bought and make comfortable homes for their families, were often careless about their titles, and frequently suffered gross imposition. The records and tradition speak of many who had to pay twice for their possessions, others who had to give again half of the original price paid by them years before, and some who lost their lands entirely and were compelled to leave their farms, already partly cleared and on the swift road to improvement and cultiva tion. Oliver Towles' survey, No. 1239, of one thousand acres, lying on Pond Run, or Cross Creek, and situate in Tate and Monroe townships, was surveyed by John O'Ban non, April 17, 1788, on military warrant No. 855, and patented to Oliver Towles, Jr., Feb. 27, 1802, by Presi dent Jefferson. Under some color of title, William Lytle claimed this tract, one of the finest bodies of choice land in the county, and sold it to the following parties for the prices subjoined and in the years indicated : Year. Purchasers. Acres. Price. 1808. GeorgeBrown 1574 $315 1810. Joseph Dole 80 200 1809. Jacob Fisher 100 250 1807. George Meal 100 300 1812. John Reeves 1964 389.50 1809. Henry Fisher 100 200 1812. Abel Morgan 1154 347 1811. William Huling 100 300 1810. John Bunnel 105 300 Bunnel sold his tract to John Monroe, and that of Wil liam Huling was conveyed tq Samuel Huling, and the two, with the other original seven buyers above, lost every acre they had bought with their silver dollars by Lytle's want of title. It turned out that on Dec. 2, 1810, Oliver Towles Jr., the patentee of this land, had leased and demised the whole survey for a term of fifty years to one Richard Smith, who on Feb. 25, 1813, filed his declaration in the Common Pleas Court for an ejectment of George Brown from the one hundred and fifty-seven and one-half acre piece, and at the trial before a jury at the July term, . Brown gained the case ; but at the May term of 1814 of the Supreme Court of the county the verdict and judgment below was reversed, and Brown ejected from the premises he had bought six years previous with his hard earnings, and he had to go to another part of the county and begin life anew. At the June term, 1820, of the Supreme Court, the verdicts of juries in the Common Pleas courts in favor of Joseph Dole, Jacob Fisher, George Meal, John Reeves, Henry Fisher, Abel Morgan, Samuel Huling, and John Monroe were all reversed, and the titles of the broad acres they had years before obtained from Lytle were. found to vest in Richard Smith, the lessee of Towles. These men lost their land, and had saddled on them big costs and lawyers' fees to pay. The court appointed a commission of John Shaw, Shadrach Lane, and Robert Donham to go upon the lands to value all lasting and valu able improvements made thereon by the occupants prior to their having had actual notice of the claim of Towles or his lessee, and to view and assess all damages occasioned by waste, and deduct the same from the value of said improve ments ; also to value the said land in its natural state, and also to assess and liquidate the rents and profits arising from the occupancy of said lands by said occupants prior to the bringing of this suit. The upshot was, most of these men, who had been deceived and turned out of their half-improved farms by the* law's stern edicts, went else where in the county and started again on new lands, and had to work the harder for long years, and their families had to endure new privations to make up for the time and treasures lost in bad titles. Another sad investment to the pioneers was part of Richard J. Waters survey, No. 921, in Ohio and Monroe townships, which O'Bannon had surveyed for said Waters, assignee of Henry Banks, on Feb. 5, 1788, and, like the ill-fated Towles tract, it was also on Pond Run or Cross Creek. Waters had failed to carry his entry and survey into a patent, and about the year 1805 one Samuel Grimes sold five hundred acres of this survey to John Barrett, but how, when, or where Grimes got his title the records are silent. Here, again, was mischief to the hardy pioneers coming with their wives and little ones to open up the wilderness to improvement and civilization, and then, when their homestead places became improved and their sur roundings pleasant, to have their titles upset and a new journey began. In 1807, Barrett sold to David White one hundred acres at two hundred dollars, and to Edmund and Caleb Lindsey one hundred and ninety-nine acres at three hundred and seventy dollars, and to Thomas Flinn one hundred acres at three hundred dollars, who, three years later, conveyed it to Joshua Porter. The facts were, this four hundred acres had never been sold by the Waters heirs, and Grimes and Barrett had no titles to convey to these settlers. So, on April 4, 1821, R. D. Dawson, one of the Waters heirs, en tered into a bond, agreeing, at a stated future day, to con vey to James Robb, Daniel Light, and David White all the interests of the said Waters' heirs, and then went off, got their assignments of the survey entries to himself, went to LAND-GRANTS, TITLES, AND SURVEYS. 47 Washington, and on the said assignments had issued to him a patent for the whole survey ; all of which was legal. Dawson then conveyed nine-tenths of the survey to James Robb and Daniel Light (being nine hundred acres and in cluding the Lindsey and Porter pieces) by deed dated Feb. 24, 1824. Then Robb and Light sued Edmund Lindsey, Joshua Porter, and David White to eject them. White compromised and paid his two hundred dollars again, with fifty dollars additional, to keep his piece ; but Lindsey and Porter fought it in the courts, and finally Lindsey paid the purchase price again. Porter died while the litigation was pending, but his heirs at last compromised it by having to pay quite a sum, with large bills of costs, to keep the land. Beverly Roys' survey, No. 1064, in Washington town ship, proved defective in title and a source of great trouble and expense to those who early bought lands in its limits. Philip Buckner, of Kentucky, claimed to be its owner, and in 1800 and 1801 sold one hundred and eight acres to James Buchanan ; two hundred and one to Alexander Buchanan, Sr. ; one hundred to Alexander Buchanan, Jr. ; fifty-three and a half to David Wood ; one hundred and fifty-five to Adam Fisher (father of Hon. David Fisher, member of the Thirtieth Congress from the Second Ohio District, — Clinton County, — and into whose arms ex-Presi dent John Quincy Adams, then a member of the national House, fell on Feb. 22, 1847, in the sudden prostration that terminated his life) ; and the residue of this survey (one thousand acres) to various parties in smaller tracts. Some twenty-five years later the heirs of Beverly Roys, or his legal representatives, began suits to recover this survey, claiming that Buckner had no title, and that his convey ances were therefore void. The Buchanans and other occu pants, who had long before paid their money for their farms, employed Thomas Ewing and Gen. Hamer, who fought with great desperation the non-resident claimants, but finally the case was adjusted on a compromise which al lowed the occupants for their improvements and taxes, and they therefore retained their possessions, but had to pay a small sum per acre to get their titles quieted, besides considerable attorney-fees. The well-known Smith survey, No. 866, of four hun dred acres, also in Washington township, was a fruitful one in trouble to those who located within its boundaries and bought on title-bonds or promises of bonds from Nathaniel Massie, the agent of the holder of the land- warrant on which the entry was made. The Woods and others who purchased in its confines had to bring suit in chancery against the Massies and others to get deeds, and then, not getting them, took special decrees operating as deeds to quiet their titles. Thomas Morris went down to see Leonard Armstrong, David Wood, and the heirs of Absalom Wood about getting a patent to them from the President. He offered to get one for sixty dollars. Arm strong and the heirs of Absalom Wood gave him forty dol lars, and for the other twenty dollars Morris took the finest black mare on the place, said then to be the best in the township. But he failed to get the patent, and at last Gen. Hamer when in Congress in his last term succeeded in procuring one from President Van Buren, which settled for ever the title to the then owners, but at considerable outlays of money for those days, when specie was scarce and paper money not to be had easily. Many people who had bought lands found, to their sor row, that these tracts were on the surplus of surveys, and to keep from being turned out of house and home by other persons who might any day enter them, they gathered to gether all their ready means, sold their last horse some times, often their only cow, and frequently the neighbors clubbed together to raise the wherewith by disposing of this and that article, by which they might journey to Chil- licothe, buy land-warrants, and enter them on their own homes, already years ago paid for, in order that no one else might get a patent and dispossess them of their all in the new country. In Chapter XIV., under " Notable Trials," the Cabell survey suit is narrated, whereby all the owners of three thousand six hundred and sixty-six and two-third acres were compelled only a few years ago to repay for two- fifteenths of all the lands they had paid for years previous. These all live in Wayne township, and we give their names and number of acres they owned (of two-fifteenths of which they were despoiled by double payment) : John B. Fry, 271 ; W. H. Cramer, 62f ; Anne E. Pendry, 183 ; Charles Durham, 46i ; Jonas Doughman, 50 ; J. H. Dickbrader, 156|; Daniel Hogan, 40; Walter Hogan, 26; William Ingle, 157; S. F. Spurling, 1881 ; John Laymon, 31 J; Cornelius McNeilus, 60 ; Thomas D. Scott, 58J ; William Snider, 106J ; Catharine Scott, 383 ; and the heirs of John Thoroughgood, 65. Every township furnishes many and well-authenticated instances, and the records of the courts for the first forty years of their existence are replete with them, where the first occupants of the lands, having paid for their posses sions, earned by hard labor and exposure to the fatigue of the weather and dangers incident to frontier life, were com pelled, in order to get deeds or perfected titles, to bring suits in chancery. This and similar litigation bore heavily on the first emigrants, but they pushed on, some having to be dispossessed of their little farms, and others having to make great sacrifices and pay twice for their tracts and set tle enormous costs and lawyers' fees. The sufferings of many who were ruthlessly stripped of their all were great, but their kind neighbors rallied to these squatters or settlers, and assisted very generally in giving them a fresh start in the rough and rugged journey of life. On the subject of land-titles the late Hon. B. W. Clarke wrote as follows : " Most persons holding the Virginia land-warrants never saw the land upon which they were laid, as surveyors took them to locate, and generally for a share of the land, — more or less, as they could drive the bargain. Large tracts of a thousand acres or more were often thus located; the surveyor, getting for his pay the larger half, and being upon the ground, was enabled to secure the best portion. Some of the surveys are large, calling for several thousand acres, and invariably overrunning the quantity named. Breckenridge's survey in Tate township, upon which Bethel is situated, called for four thousand acres, while in fact it contains over six thousand ; and thus the government was cheated out of the surplus of the surveyor. It was not unfrequently the case that holders of warrants could have them laid upon well-chosen lands by competent surveyors for the surplus, and it often happened in such cases that the surveyor would get the most land. About the year 1835 a land-speculator got a small warrant, calling for about one hundred acres, located by a surveyor who was a preacher of the gospel, and who was to make the location 48 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. for the surplus, and he did his work well ; but the surplus was larger than the quantity called for in the patent. By this method of locating large tracts, to remain in the hands of non-residents, living far away from the lands, and often descending by death to heirs, and the title becoming tangled and difficult to be gathered up into a perfect legal conveyance; and, furthermore, by the very bad practice of specu lators selling lands to emigrants upon mere bond for title, without themselves having perfected their right to such lands, or, indeed, often without intending ever to do so, — the broad foundation for future trouble was laid. Land was sold very cheap, — even so low as one dollar per acre for choice selections, and for sometimes fifty cents, twenty-five centB, and less, if more could not be had; but, cheap as it appeared to the unsuspecting purchaser, it often proved his ruin. He would go upon his land, build his cabin, clear out his fields, and just as he was beginning to realize some of the fruits of his hard labor a claimant with a better title would call upon him, and he would have to surrender up all, without a return of his purchase-money or pay for improvements. Sometimes the occupants would' hold on to their shadow of a title and risk the chances of a lawsuit ; but, of course, the better title prevailed, and they lost not only their land, but, as before narrated, were harassed with lawyers' fees and cost- bills, which in many cases finished up the administration of the poor man's worldly effects and left him almost as naked as when he came into the world. Many bought their farms a second, and even a third, time before they were quieted in their titles. " Few men contributed more to this ruinous state of things than Gen. Lytle, who was extensively engaged in locating land-warrants and selling lands and had many and influential friends, and all adven turers into the county who wanted land were recommended to Lytle. He was a man of easy and affable address, not difficult to trade with, and of course the all-confiding purchaser desired nothing but the word and bond of Gen. Lytle for a deed, and felt secure that all was right, and in this faith paid his money and expended his labor to im prove his possessions. Old pioneers say that any person wishing land had only to call on Gen. Lytle, name the quantity and location, and he would at once close the bargain, take the money, and give his bond for a -deed, although he had no particle of title whatever *or right to sell, but probably he intended to get in the title, — a thing not difficult for him, but not always done, — and of course the consequence was, the poor confiding settler lost his land and all his labor bestowed upon it, as well as the purchase-money ; for our information is very few were ever fully indemnified by Lytle for their losses. Tradition says Gen. Lytle made most of his surveys on horseback, and the well- known historical fact that his surveys, more than those of any other early surveyors, overran in quantity, is to be attributed to this cir cumstance ; for in the saddle he was not able, on account of the thickets, ravines, underbrush, and other obstructions, to get around, but stopped short or went beyond the required points to make his surveying accurate; and, as land was cheap as a song, and there was never an expectation that it would all be taken up and farmed, Lytle was not particular, but surveyed his tracts in wanton disregard of the great future trouble and litigation to subsequent owners and occu pants." On April 24, 1795, Gen. James Taylor, of Newport, Ky., gave a power of attorney to Gen. William Lytle to sell and convey by title-bond or deed, in such quantities and at such prices as the latter wished, any of the many thousands of acres of the former's lands in Clermont to such persons as might desire to purchase. The first sale by Lytle under this power of attorney was in 1795, by title-bond, of Robert Morrow's survey, No. 666, of one thousand acres, in Union township (lying between Tobasco and Mount Carmel), to Robert Kyle, for two thousand five hundred dollars. The next sale was Richard Taylor's survey, No. 637, of one thousand acres in same township, and including Tobasco to Daniel Durham, at two dollars per acre ; and in same year Lytle sold, as attorney of Taylor aforesaid, part of William Johnson's survey, No. 1765, of one thousand acres, adjoining Batavia, and including the Duckwall farms, to Ezekiel Dimmitt, at two dollars and fifty cents per acre. Gen. Lytle, with a good deal of the carelessness charac terizing land business at an early day, in hundreds upon hundreds of cases in making the deeds of conveyance did not make them as the attorney in fact and of record of Taylor, as he should have done and was authorized to do, but went ahead and made them as an individual owning them in fee-simple, and his wife, Eliza N. Lytle, united in the deeds with him and released her dower. But in after- years, in searching titles, it could not be discovered whence Lytle had acquired any title to the lands thus irregularly conveyed, and his attention was called to it. Whereupon, to cure all these defects, he made a mammoth curative deed on July 23, 1821, in which he recited his power of attorney as aforesaid, and in which, as attorney of Taylor, he again conveyed all those pieces to the divers persons who had years before had his individual deed for lands not his. This was put on Clermont records, and cured up all the defects clouding the titles of hundreds of unsuspecting purchasers, who came near being the victims of Lytle's On June 27, 1796, Obed Denham bought of John Breckenridge the famous survey, No. 2373, of four thou sand acres (overrunning at least six hundred acres), by title-bond ; but, getting no deed when he paid for it in full, he brought suit against the Breckenridge heirs, and the Clermont Supreme Court, at its October term of 1810, or dered said heirs to make him a deed, and in default thereof its decree was to operate as a conveyance. CHAPTER VII. THE FIRST WHITE SETTLERS — THEIR PRIVA TIONS, CUSTOMS, AUD MANNERS - GENERAL ACCOUNT OP PIONEER LIFE IN CLERMONT, WITH A LIST OP EARLY MARRIAGES AND IN TERESTING REMINISCENCES. " That heart, one thinks, Were of strange mould which kept no cherished print Of earlier, happier times." Clermont is a county rich in wild, sweet romance, full of the picturesque of the old pioneer life and of a certain individuality of beauty unequaled by any other locality in the Ohio Valley. Here, too, is all the fine wild flavor of poetic legend and Indian lore, clinging about hill, creek, and upland, and one could wander for days in the realms of song and story in drives among its quiet hills, lying low in the prophetic shadows of a beautiful autumn. It is not difficult to conjure up a picture of what Clermont was four score years and more ago, and in the rhythmic outpouring of pioneer life we see how the beauty of the outlying coun try and its lovely streams sank deep into the hearts of the hardy emigrants in their ever-loving mention of " Our green old forest-home, Whose pleasant memories freshly yet Across the bosom come.'' The people of Clermont are especially and particularly interested in its history. The Past is the mother of the Present, and all that has gone before us is the cause of all THE FIRST WHITE SETTLERS. 49 that is now, and it is undoubtedly a truth in philosophy that the experience of the past is the wisdom of the pres ent ; so that it well becomes us once in a while to look back at the past and gather strength and encouragement for the present, and, we may add, hope and faith for the future. The county has a grand history from its settlement, in 1795, till the present, and we hesitate not to say that one more full of incident, scene, character, and, indeed, every thing pertaining to historic drama, has never been witnessed by sequential and progressive generations. Such a delight ful location as Clermont — noted for its scenic beauty and at mospheric purity, its scenery being of the most varied de scription, and representing within its confines a gradual transition from the graceful and picturesque to the rugged and sublime, and abounding in fertile valleys and rich, in viting uplands — could not long escape the attention of the lovers of the beautiful in nature and of the emigrant seek ing a new Western home, especially as it wore 'the appear ance of buoyant health and ultimate utility in addition to its magnificent natural beauty, and the chief elements of complete landscapes — hill and dale, wood and water, knolls and mounts — existed in luxuriant abundance. Not the least among its many attractions, the salubrious location of Clermont, its lying on the great Ohio River, and its many level and well-wooded sites of majestic oak, stately beech, towering poplar, and beautiful sugar-tree, early in vited the attention and struck with rapture the Revolu tionary soldiers of the Continental establishment on the Virginia line who located their surveys in its territory, as well as of their immediate successors, who first actually occupied its area in the rich bottoms of its swiftly-flowing streams. The first settlers were identified with and associated by common interests, and were more equal in fortune, in birth and education, and as a neighborhood as similated in manners, customs, habits, and tastes to a greater degree than any other of the Ohio settlements. They came originally from the best families of New Jersey, Pennsyl vania, Virginia, Maryland, and Kentucky, with abundant energy and physical vigor, were practical agriculturists, unambitious of professional or political promotion or indi vidual notoriety. They were singularly straightforward in their objects, and generally prompt in all their duties and in meeting all their obligations. The days in which they lived and the circumstances surrounding them rendered them self-reliant in thought, action, and purpose, and by the help of God and in their own strength, by the help of good con stitutions and their own common sense, they gained the respect and confidence of all with whom they came in contact. The pioneer fathers in the county were men of large person and spirit and well constituted to endure the priva tions of frontier life, and their commanding physiques and noble minds fitted them as worthy companions in life for those sainted mothers of Israel who at the dear family hearthstone laid broad the happy foundations of domestic love and enkindled and kept a perpetual fire of incense and devotion to the great Architect of their happiness, whose praises and goodness were daily mingled and remembered in their constant prayers and religious duties. The pioneers 7 in this county were emphatically a religious people and served the Lord in their profession and daily walk and con versation, and were not, like subsequent early settlers in other regions of the West, a rough, profane, or wicked class, perverse to religion and its attendant sway of social and educational blessings. They came at a time when the blessings we now enjoy were not enjoyed by them, when the facilities for their enjoyment were limited, and when hardest toil and eternal vigilance were their lot in life. In all organized armies they have a pioneer corps, usually volunteers, who are sent to the front armed with axes as well as guns, — with axes to make roads and a pathway for the army behind them, and with guns because it is a point of danger to be a pioneer in the army, as they are con stantly in danger of ambush, always in fear that the enemy in an unpenetrated country may assault them at any mo ment. Hence it is that those men put to the front are in variably volunteers and fearless men, like those who go. to the front voluntarily to make a path for the army of civil ization, — men who are willing to take their lives in their own hands. The pioneers of Clermont were pioneers of a greater army, and came into her valleys and on her hills at a time when it was a common wilderness fresh from the hands of God, and they brought with them their axes and their guns, and they hewed and fought a way for those who should come after them. They swept away the obstacles to comfort and civilization, turned the wilderness into blooming fields, made plenty spring from a land that was a comparative desert, and established the broad and strong foundations of a Christian county full of noble men and. pious women. The unbroken forest of the county under their hands gave way in time to the beautiful farms, com fortable homesteads, enterprising towns, pretty villages, good roads, cosy houses, elegant churches, fine school- structures, and busy manufactories that dot and skirt the county, — perpetual mementoes of the active industry and Saxon management of the old pioneers and their children and grandchildren reared and schooled under their benefi cent auspices. It was happily said by an eminent writer of the past, " Let me write the songs of a land, and I care not who makes its laws ;" and, in contrasting the contemporary poetry of the West with that of the East, one is struck with the fact that, while that of the East is full of the fire of thought and the stirrings of purely mental life, that of the West is the interpretation of nature, dewy as the val leys and streams whose beauty has inspired it. While Whittier was writing his " Voices of Freedom," and Lowell penning his calm philosophy into rhythmic periods, the Western poets were translating the meaning of river, hill, and sunset sky, and the early poetry of Ohio mirrors the serenity of mind and the purity of the moral atmosphere out of which it sprang, and more than all details of history will it embalm the fair loveliness of the scenery and the simple beauty of the early life of the pioneers. A thou sand pleasant memories will rush over our aged readers as we recall old times, and our reminiscences will touch many tender chords of a half-forgotten melody, sacred and sweet to them in the hallowed associations of the olden days of long-ago. 50 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. The first settlements in the county were made in the years 1795 and 1796, immediately following the Greenville treaty with the Indians, made by General Anthony Wayne after his decisive defeat of the savages in battle, and were made in Miami, Williamsburgh, Washington, and Pierce townships, — in Miami by Col. Thomas Paxton* and Thomas Beck (born in 1764, and who while a boy of six teen gallantly served under the Continental Congress on the ship " Ranger" until victory crowned the Revolutionary fathers and perched upon the young republic, and who a few years after coming to Clermont moved to Caldwell Co., Ky., where he died, in 1854) ; in Williamsburgh by Gen. William Lytle,* James Kain, wife, three sons (David, John, and Thomas), three daughters (Elizabeth, Mary, and Sarah), and Archibald McLean ; in Washington by John, David, and Jeriah Wood (with families), and John, Nathan, and Elisha Manning, — three brothers who had all married Wood girls, — William Buchanan and wife, and John Gregg ; and in Pierce (then Ohio) by Isaac Fer guson and his three sons.* Other emigrants the same or succeeding four years came into these townships, and that of Ohio and Pleasant, the latter now in Brown County, so that by the year 1800 there were settlements on the Little Miami and Ohio Rivers, and on Stonelick, East Fork, Bullskin, Indian, Bear, and Twelve-Mile Creeks, besides on many smaller streams or runs tributary to them. From the first year of the century emigrants poured in from different parts. Cabins were put up in every direc tion, and women, children, and goods tumbled into them, as it were, in the haste to enter land and get a start in the new " Ohio Eldorado." The tide of emigration began to increase, and flowed like water through a breach in a mill- dam, and everything was bustle and confusion, and each and every member of the settlements was busy in his or her sphere, and ready for duty in beginning the journey of life fresh in the clearings. THE CABINS. The first dwellings were built of round logs, just as they were found in the primeval forests ; but occasionally a settler would construct a palatial residence by hewing the logs on the outside. They were notched near the ends with an axe, for the double purpose of holding them firmly and bringing them nearer together, and the spaces were filled with split sticks and clay. When the logs were cut in proper lengths they were dragged to the spot selected for the cabin, and the neighbors for miles around were invited to the " house-raising," and with handspikes and skid-poles the logs were raised to their position, and a man with his axe, on each corner, prepared the notches, in which way a cabin one story high was soon erected. The gables were formed by leveling each end of the logs, making them shorter and shorter until the ridge-pole was laid on, the logs in the gable being held in place by poles extending across the house from end to end, which also served as rafters on which to lay the clapboard roof. These clapboards were rived out of a straight-grained white- or black-oak or ash, sawed into lengths of five or six feet, and were laid beside * See sketches of their lives in another part of this book. each other and the joints covered with another, so as to effectually keep out the rain. Logs were laid upon these shingles to keep them in place, blocks of wood between them keeping them in position. The cross-cut saw was put in requisition to make openings for the doors, windows, and fireplace, and the logs, where cut off, were held in place by priming split sticks on the ends, which served also as lintels. The doors were made of clapboards fastened with wrought nails upon cross-pieces, which, being bored near the end, constituted the hinges, and were hung upon wooden pins fastened upon the lintels. The door was fastened by a wooden latch on the inside, and was opened from without by a string passing through a gimlet-hole in the door and hanging outside, — from which originated the old saying when hospitality is tendered : " You will find the latchstring always out,"— but at night the door was securely locked by pulling in the string. The loft above was reached by in serting one's toes in the openings between the logs in one corner of the house, or on a rude ladder made of a straight sapling of linden-wood or poplar, split into halves, with rungs for steps, making it convenient to draw up or for its removal from the cabin, the rounds or rungs passing through auger-holes in tbe sides and made secure by wooden wedges. A small hatchway was left in the upper floor or a window cut in the gable for ingress and egress. The process of mounting the ladder was called " cooning it to bed," as the children usually slept there and also company when visitors came, as the lower room answered the purpose of kitchen, sitting-room, parlor, and bed-chamber. The cabin fireplace was always ample, often extending more than halfway across the house. The chimney was built on the outside, sometimes of stone and mortar, but more commonly of split sticks laid crossways and then daubed with " eat and clay," an admixture of mud and straw. The large green back-log and the ample log-fire heap imparted both light and warmth to the family group about the old hearthstone not equaled in solid comfort by the stoves, furnaces, and grates of the present age. The site of the cabin was chosen with refer ence to the accessibility to water ; and if there was no spring, a well was often dug before the building-site was deter mined. Sometimes two cabins were built near together and con nected by a rude hallway between them, which was called a double cabin, only owned by a few of the wealthier settlers. PIONEER FURNITURE. The furniture was simple and easily inventoried. The bedstead sometimes consisted of dogwood forks passing through the puncheon floor into the ground ; small saplings were placed in the forks for a bed-rail, and upon these clap boards were laid for a bottom. The pots and kettles usually were placed opposite the window (old paper pasted over- the hole, and on which hog's lard had been applied,— a kind of glazing which shed a most beautiful and mellow light across the cabin when the sun shone, as all other light entered at the doors, cracks, and chimneys), and the gun hung on hooks over the door. These, with a few split-bottom chairs, three-legged stools, a clumsy shovel and aged pair of tongs, and a small looking-glass sloping from the wall over a large towel and comb-case, about comprised the list, PIONEER LIFE. 51 save the spinning-wheels, — the pianos of the pioneers. The large one was used for spinning the woolen rolls, and the small one for the flax, and their music was heard through the day, and often far into the night. A woman spinning upon the large wheel, stepping backward as she drew and twisted the thread from the roll, and forward as she wound it upon the spindle, placed her in a more graceful and charming attitude than was ever exhibited in a ball- or drawing-room. It may be that her feet were bare and her dress of " linsey-woolsey," but her symmetry of form and her graceful motion were better shown than when clothed in costly and fashionable attire. When the spindle was filled the reel was put into requisition, and with what ex ultation the good woman tied the knot when the snapping of the reel announced that the last of twelve cuts (a good day's work) were ready for the loom ! We can appreciate the beauty of Solomon's description of a virtuous woman when he says, " She seeketh wool and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands; she layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff." In one corner of the cabin stood the loom for weaving the cloth for shirts, pantaloons, frocks, sheets, and blankets, and the outer walls of the cabin were often nearly covered with the skins of rabbits, raccoons, minks, bears, deer, wolves, panthers, and foxes, stretched to dry, to be con verted into articles of dress or exchanged for "store-tea," calico, or " boughten goods." A green handspike rested against the side of the chimney, with which to roll in and adjust the logs. A similar stick pasted through the chim ney above the blazing fire, called a " lug-pole," and sus pended on which was a forked stick, having a wooden peg iu the lower end, which served as a crane to hang on the pot or kettle. The andirons were large stones. Stoves were unknown, and cooking utensils few. The beef or mutton .roast, the pig, the opossum, or the turkey was sus pended by a string fastened to a wooden peg over the fire place and cooked before the blazing fire. The gravy as it oozed from the meat was caught in an iron pan resting on the hearth, and ever and anon the attendant turned the meat around, basting it with the dripping fat. In the cor ner near by was the covered skillet, filled with biscuit, with the glowing embers above and beneath, or a corn-pone upon a clapboard at an angle of forty-five degrees. Persons may boast of their stoves and cooking appliances and fancy dishes, but give us the corn-bread baked upon a board be fore the cabin-fire and the barbecued opossum or pig in preference to all the scientific cookery of modern times. The best table-dishes were of pewter, and the bowls and spoons, of that material, were kept as bright as the polished silver of the modern kitchen. " The old oaken bucket that hung in the well," fastened to the well-sweep by a wild grape-vine, and the gourd, tied to the curb, were among the pleasant recollections of our early homes. Our inventory of furniture would be incomplete did we omit to mention the flint-lock rifle or musket, with powder- horn, shot- or bullet-pouch, all of which were placed upon wooden forks fastened to the joists, and generally over the door. In the loft, and around its walls of logs and pendent from the roof, in sacks and bunches, were sarsaparilla, gin seng, snakeroot, catnip, tansy, garlic, sage, dog-fennel, pen nyroyal, wormwood, elecampane, and boneset, gathered in their season. These constituted the materia medica of the pioneer, and apothecary's medicine was not in much de mand, and patent medicines of rich quack advertisers had not come in vogue to deplete the pioneer's pocket or blood. Strings of dried apples, peaches, and pumpkins hung in graceful festoons from the rude rafters, while the winter's store of hickory, hazel, walnuts, and butternuts covered the upper floor. To guard against the ague, a jug of bitters composed of dogwood-bark and prickly-ash berries was pro vided, and to ward off attacks of worms among the children tansy or wormwood bitters were regularly administered. THE WARDROBES. The clothing was mostly of domestic manufacture, and the early settlers were clad in home-spun and home-made linen and woolen apparel. The flax-patches were the places where half tho courting used to be done, and when the flax got ripe all the boys and girls far and near gathered and pulled and spread it. It was called a frolic, and often ended with a regular " hoe-down, double-shuffle dance." After the fibre was softened by the dews and rains, — which was called " rotting the flax," — it was taken up and bound, and either stacked, or broken on a machine called a brake, then spun on a wheel and run off on a reel and woven on a loom. Many yet remember the new tow shirt with its pricking " shives," and there are old Clermonters yet living who as boys and girls raised the flax, broke and swingled it, and then hetcheled, spun, and wove and made it up into garments of pantaloons, frocks and aprons, and shirts, and into toweling, tablecloths, and bed-linen. The winter garments of both sexes and all ages were made generally of wool shorn from the settlers' sheep, carded, spun, colored, and then woven on their own looms. The mother who could not take care of her children, do the cooking, washing, ironing, and attend to other house hold duties, and spin twelve cuts of yarn per day was not considered extra smart. After the yarn had been spun it had to be dyed and prepared for the loom. Some they would dye a copperas color, and some blue, brown, green, and red, and the more fastidious and tasteful wore checks and stripes. Our Clermont pioneer mothers and daughters, like their maternal ancestor, Eve, had a taste for a variety of colors and beauty of combination, and yet they attired themselves in dresses of their own spinning, weaving, col oring, and making, and used but six yards of linen or linsey, instead of from fifteen to thirty as in the present day. In the manufacture of cloth the ladies, at a later date, were much assisted by the carding-machine, before the in troduction of which they carded all the wool by hand. After placing a small lock of wool between the cards and drawing them briskly backwards and forwards until it was properly carded, they would make the roll on the backs of the cards. The spinning-jenny was invented and came along, which spun one hundred threads to the woman's one. Soon the daughters of Eve began to talk about it at little gatherings, the gossip goes, and resolved that Miss Jenny was a trump-card, and that it was cheaper to buy 52 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. than to run the old wheel ; and so woman's spinning-days were over. The old wheel was carried out and the piano carried in, the music of which is perhaps sweeter, but it brings less wealth, health, and happiness to the household. DOMESTIC LIFE OF THE PIONEERS. Spring-time brought work, hard and steady, to the woman of the cabin, spinning and weaving the summer linen. Rising in the morning at four, she built the fires, made up her own beds, awoke and dressed the children, made up the trundle-bed, shoved it under the " big bed," put on the tea-kettle, and mixed the Indian meal for the johnny-cakes and corn-dodgers. This done, she prepared the frugal meal and set the table ; after which she blew a merry peal on the tin horn to call the men to breakfast. Next she nursed the baby, but that could be done while she was knitting the socks and stockings. The men came in, and, springing up, she laid the sweet smiling little baby in the trough-cradle, and with one loving kiss she set the victuals on the rude table, and jogged the cradle with her foot each time she passed to keep the baby calm. Breakfast over, the rustic dishes put away, the children sent to school or out to play, she sprinkled the linen on the grass, and now spinning is resumed. She takes the wheel out on the puncheon floor, takes her darling babe from the cradle, and, while her foot is busy with the treadle, it serves as a motion to quiet the little beauty, while singing and musing. She can sing right merrily too : " Home, sweet home," — my own home, be it ever so poor, is home. But it is time to prepare dinner, and greens must be picked, potatoes washed, meat put on to boil, and venison or bear-meat to be broiled or baked ; and if the husband is a good shot, a turkey is swung up before the large fire place to broil. Then down to the wheel or into the loom, banging away as she sends the swiftly-flying shuttle through the double-threaded web. The horn is blown again, the victuals taken up, and the meal is eaten with the baby on the lap. The pewter dishes washed and put away, the floor must be scrubbed, — for she has no carpet, — and the bleaching cloth is to be watered again. Then back to the wheel till time for supper ; which over, she goes to the pasture to milk the cows, puts the children to bed, and takes again to the ever-busy wheel until the husband re tires to his couch. She must stop now, for he does not like the buzzing noise, but no bed conies to her relief yet, for the children's clothes are to be mended and stockings darned ; and thus she toils on until late in the night. Such was the life led by most of Clermont's pioneer mothers. But few of the grandmothers remain who par ticipated in such life, and in a few short years they will have become pioneers to another country, to be followed by a ceaseless stream of emigrants as time rolls its changes in our fleeting world. Among the common articles of food which the pioneers had, mush and milk was greatly esteemed, and the methods of eating the same were various. Some would sit around the pot and every one take therefrom for himself; some would set a table and each have his tin cup of milk, and with a pewter spoon take just as much mush from the dish or pot, if it was on the table, as he thought would fill his mouth, then, lowering it into the milk, would take some to wash it down. This method kept the milk cool, and by frequent repetitions the pioneer would contract the faculty of correctly estimating the proper amount of each ; but others would mix the mush and milk together. The earliest settlers had no candles, and cared little about them, except for summer use. Sometimes seasoned sticks, then again the bark of shelly hickory, was used for light, and the common rag-dips of cloth in grease and the various like styles were always at hand. Salt was a luxury, — very scarce and at a high price, — and sold from three to four dollars per bushel up to 1808. Whisky-toddy was considered luxury enough for any party, the woods furnished abundance of venison, and corn-pone supplied the place of every variety of pastry. MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. In the early period of the country's history the people were in a condition of complete social equality. No aristo cratic distinctions were thought of in society, and the first line of demarkation was to separate the very bad from the general mass. The rich and the poor were costumed alike, many of the men being dressed in buckskin pants, and the women of all families wearing coarse fabrics, produced by their own hands. Some of the men wore coonskin caps with the fur on the outside and the tail dangling down the back of the wearer. Sometimes the material of the buck skin pants was not well tanned, and when dried after being thoroughly soaked became hard and inflexible. When thrown on the floor they bounded and rattled like tin ket tles, and the pioneer, on a cold morning, in drawing on a pair, was about as comfortable as if thrusting his limbs into a couple of frosty stovepipes. The settlers subsisted principally on corn-bread and wild meats. Flour, tea, and coffee were scarcely to be had, ex cept at prices which placed them beyond the reach of very many. At weddings a puncheon formed like a bench, bare of a cloth, was covered with refreshments of a plain nature. Wild turkeys that but a few days before had gobbled in their native woods, coon that had grown on the creek-flats, pone as wedding-cake, with metheglin and whisky, comprised the bill of fare. A dance was the finale of the wedding festivities, and they made merry on the puncheon floor to the music of the fiddle in jigs, four-handed reels, and the old-style double-shuffle and breakdown. The next day the party repaired to the house of the groom for the " infair," where the mirth was kept up with renewed feasting and dancing. Almost all of the first inhabitants of the county were of upright character, bold, daring, somewhat restless, but generous-minded. Although often enduring great priva tions and living in primitive simplicity, they always enter tained an unbounded hospitality. They did not observe the heartless formalities of modern society, but their welcome was plain and outspoken. " Bring your knitting and stay a week" was an oft-expressed invitation ; and when one did' come, he was expected to feel perfectly at home and help himself. Were an unexpected visit made, the hostess was still pleased to see her neighbors, and immediately began the preparations for giving them the ordinary treat, serving PIONEER LIFE. 53 them a meal of the best the house afforded, including, if possible, a cup of tea. As she had but one fireproof vessel in the cabin, — the conventional bake-kettle, — some time must be consumed in preparing the meal. First, some meat had to be tried in the kitchen to get lard ; second, some cakes were made and fried in it ; third, some short cakes were made in it ; fourth, it was used as a bucket to draw water ; fifth, the water was put in, and a very sociable cup of tea they had indeed. The pioneers were self-reliant and comparatively inde pendent. Every family did a little of everything, and made their own garments out of their own raw material, manufactured their own soap, and dipped their own candles. When they killed a sheep or calf they sent pieces to their neighbors ; and they, in the future, performed the same kind office in return. In this way the settlers had a full supply of this kind of meat without the aid of a professional butcher and without the outlay of money. The shoemaker and tailor, with their kits of tools, made their semi-annual rounds to make or mend boots, shoes, and clothing, the material for which had been provided beforehand by the head of the family. Manners, customs, and habits have changed, but the memory will cling with fondness to those of other days. It gratifies our pride to have all the adventitious aids in preparing and serving our food and securing our clothing ; it is pleasant to have a house of eight or ten rooms, each supplied with its own appropriate furniture and adorn ments ; but we very much doubt whether these things make us happier, or contribute more to our family or social enjoyment, than the plain simplicity and surroundings of three-quarters of a century ago. FRONTIER AMUSEMENTS. Those who suppose that pioneer life was one of con tinual hardship — " all work and no play" — are very greatly mistaken. They had their amusements, which, if not as refined as those of modern times, were as exciting and en joyable. The pursuit of game with the faithful dog and trusty gun relieved the monotony of daily toil, and the forests abounded with squirrels, wild turkeys, and deer. They trapped the rabbits, quails, and other small game ; and at night " coon- and 'possum-hunting" were favorite diversions. There were elements of a pleasing nature in the life of the early settler not found in the dull routine of ordinary work on improved farms. Visions of bear-, panther-, deer- and raccoon-hunts, corn-huskings, monster log-rollings, house-raisings, wrestling-matches, and fishing-parties, and last, but not least in true sport and enjoyment, the ancient fox-chase. The recollections of the gay dance and the wild frolic come softly over the aged pioneer's memory like the low whisperings of the summer breeze, like the gentle mur- murings of the rolling waters as the long swell breaks upon the shore, like the far-off sound of church-bells mel lowed by time, softened by distance, but also hallowed by many a pleasant thought and fond remembrance. Pleasure was often combined with business, resulting in house-raisings, log-rollings, and corn-huskings, frequent and attended by young and old, especially the latter. In the fall the ears of corn were torn from the stalk unhusked and deposited in a long row upon a plat of grass ; and when the company assembled in the evening, captains were chosen, who divided the heap as near the middle as possible. They selected their men alternately, and being arrayed under their respective leaders, the contest began. The husks were thrown backward and the ears of corn forward, and the company that finished first was the winner, and had the first swig at the bottle and the chief seats at the royal feast that followed. Oftentimes daylight revealed the fact that unhusked corn was found both among the shucks and in the corn- heap. Young people in the fall and winter evenings were often assembled at a quilting or apple-cutting party. When the quilt was finished or the apples peeled, quartered, and cored, and a sumptuous feast was disposed of, all united in a dance or some play. The old pioneer who reads this chapter will remember with what spirit and enthusiasm they marched with their partner and sang : " Oh, sister Phebe, how merry were we The night we sat under the juniper-tree, The juniper-tree, the juniper-tree, Hei oh !" etc., etc. or "We are marching forward to Quebec; The drums are loudly beating; America has gained the day, The British are retreating." And then, reversing the order, with the arms crossed, sing : "The war is o'er, and we'll turn back To the place from which we started; So open tho ring and take one in Which you think will prove true-hearted," etc. Seldom were those joyful occasions marred by any un pleasant incidents or by excesses in eating or drinking, but at an early hour in the morning each young man went home with his girl, only to repeat tho enjoyment at some other cabin on the next moonlight night. Horse-racing, turkey-raffling, aud many other kindred sports that obtained in many settlements, found few votaries in Clermont, whose pioneers were of a type of settlers not addicted to gambling and other vices that beset so many frontier localities. Some twenty years after the settlement of the county a few rough, coarse, and vicious characters came in, — principally as adventurers, — but they were soon weeded out, and the county arose rapidly to great numbers in population, owing, in a great degree, to the industry and good character of the hardy settlers. PIONEER BELLES. As illustrating the character and social status of the good old days, Judge Read said that there was not a single case on the Clermont docket where a divorce was asked for or granted where the courting was done in a flax-patch, sugar- camp, quilting, or corn-husking. The pioneer girls, dressed in their linseys, made the young men bow as low and smile as sweetly as do the ladies of our day in the cities, with their rustling silks, satins, or muslins. Then the youn"- lady could ride to a quilting on an ox-sled or a " sapling- jumper" and dance merrily to the music of a single violin ¦ and such dancing ! — a real double-shuffle, in which there 54 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. were grace, activity, life, spirit, and the genuine poetry of action, with none of your sliding, languishing, die-away motions of the belle of the fashionable ball-room at this date. When the dance was over the girls could walk home, — a distance of five or ten miles, — unless their beaux (and they all had beaux, and some of them a score or more) had a horse with saddle and pillion, when they would mount a stump or climb upon the fence and spring on the horse behind the rider and ride home. If they were engaged to be married and the day fixed, she would clasp her plump, well-muscled arm around him, he clasping one hand in hers. There was one great objection a beau had to his lady-love riding behind him, — it was difficult to kiss her in that position, though it could be done. How all the young men enjoyed riding over hills and rough places ! as it made their sweethearts clasp them tightly ; and how their hearts swelled and beat as they felt the electric squeeze of the angelic creatures by starry moonlight ! Girls were in demand ; they were scarce, and the young men outnumbered them two to one. We fear the gentler sex has not improved in health and true unalloyed happi ness since those days of innocent romps and jollity, though they may have extended their home -spun skirts of two yards to twelve yards of silks and furbelows ; and we are of the opinion that the sleep of modern girls is no sounder nor their dreams more pleasant than were those of their rustic grandmothers. A bevy of young damsels on their way to a spinning and log-rolling, on coming to a creek, would pull off their yarn stockings and shoes, and, with spinning-wheels on their shoulders, wade the stream, regardless of snakes, and with a determined air that would put to the blush the sickly, canting, and insipid conventionalities of the present day. We remember, as though it was but last autumn, a rosy, sweet, angelic girl that came and spun on the big wheel each day in a certain neighborhood of the county. Her laughter was sweeter and more musical than the sonjrs of the birds. She had been reared in the depth of poverty, — a sweet, wild flower of the forest, and the artist that could have painted her on canvas true to life would have been worshiped. Here was a picture a fit feast for the artist's eye, — a wonderful and happy combination of ease, grace, and elasticity of step at once to be distinguished from anything bordering on plebeian birth. In our mind's eye we see her as she appeared, her head slightly in shadow, her body lighted up, all beaming with beauty and grace. She was of medium height, but beautifully symmetrical in form. Her shoulders were exquisitely rounded, her hips developed, her foot incomparably fine, and what a beautiful head on this handsome body ! large, soft eyes of dark blue ; dark chestnut hair, silky and naturally wavy ; the nose of perfect form, with open nostrils always in motion ; a small mouth, with red lips, and teeth fine, closely set, and pearly. One was perfectly conquered by the expression of this beautiful face, — its distinction, its brilliancy, the supreme charm that emanated from it, — and so was a subsequent Governor of Missouri, to whom afterwards this pearl of Clermont was married, and reigned in the West as the " Belle of the Mississippi." EARLY MARRIAGES. We give below the official list of marriages in the county for the first seven years after its organization, by whom solemnized, and the dates thereof: 1801. — September 20th, John Barhart and Sally Wood, by William Hunter, J. P. ; October 25th, James Irvin and Ciuthy Anna Dilliner, by William Hunter, J. P.; September 5th, Michael Hildebrand and Mary Ann Harper, by Moses Frazee, M. 6. ;* October 20th, William South and Pheb3 Frazee, by Moses Frazee, M. G. ; December 9th, Archibald Hosbrook and Phebe Osborn, by Moses Frazee, M. G. ; December 6th, Ste phen Frazee and Hannah Beck, by Moses Frazee, M. G.; October 29th, Tobias Hunter and Barbara Sheak, by Owen Todd, J. P. ; December 24th, Isaac Manning and Christena McColm, by Moses Frazee, M. G. ; December 24th, John York and Betsey Murfey, by Alexander Martin, J. P. 1S02. — January 4th, Jonathan Bragdon and Sally Bradberry, by Moses Frazee, M. G. ; January 11th, Benjamin Sills and Katuren Baum, by Houton Clarke, J. P. ; January 16th, John Dimmitt and Lydia Gist, by Philip Gatch, M. G. ; January 30th, Arthur St. Clair (son of the Governor of the Territory of the Northwest) and Frances Stall, by William Hunter, J. P. ; May 21st, Joseph Moor and Mary Mefford, by Amos Ellis, J. P. ; May 24th, Samuel Kinnett and Eliza beth Rogers, by Amos Ellis, J. P. ; March 7th, John Ross and Rebeckah Frazee, by Moses Frazee, M. G. ; April 4th, Aaron Leonard and Sarah Rounds, by Moses Frazee, M. G. ; April 17th, Moses Bradberry and Agnes Hunt, by Moses Frazee, M. G. ; May 23d, Aaron Osborn and Eloner Mus- grove, by Moses Frazee, M. G.; May 1st, James Boothby and Abigail Rounds, by Moses Frazee, M. G. ; June 3d, Elijah Strong and Submit Miller, by Philip Gatoh, M. G. ; April 8th, Timothy Conner and Mary Dickinson, by Wil liam Buchanan, J. P.; August 5th, Charles Steward and Mary Tate, by William Buchanan, J. P. ; September 3d, Josiah Boothby and Mary Rounds, by David Loof bourrow, M. G.; October 19th, John Read and Jane Simonton, by Philip Gatch, M. G. ; Christy Apple and Katuren Polender (date not given of the month and day), by Houton Clarke, J. P.; November 19th, Peter Emery and Elizabeth Apple, by John Hunter, J. P.; November 22d, Robert Bradley and Elizabeth Lytle, by Sylvester Hutchinson, M. G. 1803. — January 2d, Daniel Kidd and Mary Buntin, by William Hunter, J. P.; February 18th, Roger W. Waring and Mar tha McClellan, by William Hunter, J. P.; April 23d, Levi Fryberger and Rachel Custard, by Owen Todd, J. P. ; March 29th, William Smith and Susannah Light, by Elisha Bow man, M. G. ; February 4th, John Gest and Martha Gatch, by Elisha Bowman, M. G. ; February 19th, Edward Tat- man and Amy Mills, by Houton Clarke, J. P.; April 19th, James Arthur and Anne Osbourn, by Philip Gatch, M. G. ; April 21st, John Vanneton and Mary McDonna, by Philip Gatch, M. G.; July 12th, John Williams and Anna Tee- garden, by Morris Witham, M. G. ; November 1st, Andrew and Ann Perine, by Roger W. Waring, J. P.. 1804.-— January 24th, John Lucas and Peggy Harp, by Alexander Martin, J. P. ; January 24th, Isaac Lucas and Phemy Harp, by Alexander Martin, J. P.; January 28th, Reuben Lea- cock and Sarah Jordan, by Alexander Martin, J. P.; Feb ruary 19th, John Vanner and Catherine Spence, by Roger W. Waring, J. P.; April 3d, James Bunting and Sally Doughty, by Roger W. Waring, J. P.; July uh, James Perine and Polly Kain, by Roger W. Waring, J. P.; Sep tember 4th, John Hill and Elizabeth Monahan, by Alexan der Martin, J. P.; December 2d, Ezekiel Howard and Betsey Shinkle, by William Fee, J. P. 1805,-March 4th, Robert Allen and Martha Work, by Alexander Martin, J. P. ; October 4th, Thomas Glaze and Rebecca Jones, by Alexander Martin, J. P.; October 4th, John Lytle and Dorcas Waring, by Roger W. Waring, J. P. ; June 14th, Solomon Hedges and Polly Jenkins, by William Fee, J. P. ; * M. G., minister of tho gospel. EARLY MARRIAGES. 55 1806.- July 6th, James Hunt and Nancy Shotwell, by Moses Fra zee, M. G.; September 15th, Isaac Coulthar and Mary Holmes, by Moses Frazee, M. G.; September 23d, James Thompson and Margaret Burget, by Henry Chapman, J. P. ; September 24th, John Smith and Jane Wishard, by Jacob Slight, M. G.; September 22d, Benjamin Clark and Lucusso Garland, by Francis McCormick, M. G. ; April 25th, John Pollock and Polly Stillow, by Philip Gatch, M. G. ; January 1st, Joseph Calvin and Jane Wardlow, by William Hunter, J. P. ; November 21st, John South and Nancy Burnet, by (name too defaced to be made out) ; November 7th, Reuben Fights and Sally AVaits, by William Hunter, J. P. ; No vember 5th, Edward Sargent and Anna Sargent, by George Brown, M. G. (Mrs. Sargent was living in 1880, and resided on the same farm, and in part of the same house, where she went three-quarters of a century ago on her wedding-day, and her wedding was one of the grandest in the county for nn early day) ; November 7th, Josiah Warton and Peggy Utter, by George Brown, M. G. ; November 17th, John Mc- Graw and Susan Miller, by William Fee, J. P. ; August 14th, Samuel Wood and Alice Richey, by William Fee, J. P. ; No vember 19th, John Shinkle and Barbara Skinkle, by Wil liam Fee, J. P. ; November 28th, John Day and Catharine Hendrix, by William Fee, J. P.; March 14th, John Pitser and Catharine Leeferry, by Henry Chapman, J. P. ; March 7th, Thomas Jennings and Polly Parker, by Henry Chap man, J. P. ; June 6th, James Kirkpatrick and Hannah Pul- lance, by Henry Chapman, J. P. ; June 20th, Joseph Wood and Polly Hodges, by George Brown, M. G. ; July 16th, Absalom Brooks and Isabel Coulthar, by Roger W. Waring, J. P. ; July 4th, James Fox and Peggy Berry, by Francis McCormick, M. G. ; July 7th, John Armstrong and Sarah Sly, by Francis McCormick, M. G. ; November 28th, John White and Veighty Church, by Henry AVillis, J. P. ; Sep tember 19th, John Knott and Nancy Dumford, by Francis McCormick, M. G.; September 19th, Joseph Brunk and Polly South, by Francis McCormick, M. G. ; December 1st, Daniel Kain and Nelly Foster, by Roger W. Waring, J. P. ; November 29th, Hugh Ferguson and Mary Arthus, by Francis McCormick, M. G. ; November 17th, Samuel Beck and Hannah Morris, by John Morris, J. P. -March 19th, Benjamin Osburn and Ruth Dusket, by Moses Frazee, M. G.; March 24th, Stacy Brown and Betsey Wil son, by Levi Rogers, M. G. ; June 5th, Robert Lain and Martha Witham, by John Hunter, J. P.; January 2 Ist, Hutson Marter and Martha Leacock, by Alexander Martin, J. P.; June 5th, William Fletcher and Ann Williams, by William Hunter, J. P.; March 20th, Mr. Vanosdol and Amy McColIum, by Henry Willis, J. P. ; April 3d, William Gold and Mevarcum Rounds, by Henry Willis, J. P.; June 5th, Frederick Councilman and Leah Rodermel, by Henry Willis, J. P. ; April 10th, Andrew Gray and Elizabeth Lo gan, by Morris Witham, M. G. ; September ISth, George Jones and Elizabeth Hamilton, by William Fee, J. P. ; Sep tember 20th, William Smith and Mary Richardson, by Wil liam Fee, J. P.; October 21st, James Dye and Nancy Ellis, by Bernard Thompson, J. P. ; October 28th, William Col- Ierham and Rachel Smith, by Bernard Thompson, J. P. ; October 6th, Jesse Hill and Fanny Miller, by Jacob Light, M. G. ; November 16th, Perry Garland and Margaret Davis, by Philip Gatch, M. G. ; December 19th, Michael Swing and Ruth Gatch, by John Collins, M. G. ; December 4th, Jonathan Wier and Liza Bottinghouf, by George Brown, M. G. ; December 13th, Benjamin Rue and Geats, by John Pollock, J. P. ; August 20th, Josiah McKinney and Eleanor Thom, by William Hunter, J. P. ; January 2d, Nicholas Christ and Barbara Teagarden, by Roger W. War ing, J. P. ; January 4th, Thomas Foster and Abigail Davis, by Francis McCormick, M. G.; January 2d, William Richey and Sophia Miller, by William Fee, J. P. ; January 6th, Michael Baum and Elizabeth Richey, by William Fee, J. P. ; December 5th, John Woodruff and Polly Harper, by Henry Chapman, J. P. ; December 25th, James Foster and Eliza beth Burget, by Henry Chapman, J. P.; February 27th, John Cancade and Mary Johnston, by George Brown, M. G. ; February 15th, Hugh Rankin and Betsey Light, by Roger W. Waring, J. P.; March 1st, Joseph Davis and Rachel Fowler, by Roger W. Waring, J. P. ; February 6th, William Mastin and Barbary Shikely, by Philip Gatch, M. G. ; March 6th, Ebenezer Osburn and Fanny Elston, by Philip Gatch, M. G. 1807. — January 15th, Thomas Berry and Mary Wright, by Henry Chapman, J. P.; March 20th, Thomas Mcllroy and Sarah Christy, by Roger W. Waring, J. P.; March 23d, John Chambers and Mary Miller, by Roger W. Waring, J. P. ; March 27th, W illiam Ackles and Mary Long, by Roger W. Waring, J. P.; March 27th, John Hall or Hill and Hannah Moore, by Roger W. Waring, J. P.; March 7th, Abraham Myre and Polly Miller, by James Sargent, J. P. ; Sears Crain and Anna Nuth (day and month blank), by Moses Hutchings, M. G. ; March 23d, Isaac South and Deborah Hutchings, by Moses Hutchings, M. G. ; the following three couples were married by John Pollock, J. P., but date of days and months not given : Joseph Clements and Mary Wiggons, Jonathan Eldridge and Mary Ramsey, William 'Donnels and Magdaline Simonton ; July 8, Jacob Borstler and Sarah Rohbins, by Roger W. Waring, J. P. ; January 5th, John McColIum and Assigning Winning, by John Col lins, M. G. ; January 16th, William Bartlett and Betsy Evans, by James Gilliland, M. G. ; January 22d, Christian Husong and Elizabeth Chapman, by Morris Witham, M. G. ; January 22d, William McKibben and Susannah Prather, by William Fee, J. P. ; February 2d, Conduce Gatch and Margaret McGrue, by Benjamin Lakin, M. G. ; February 28th, Ambrose Ransom and Susan Roye, by Benjamin Lakin, M. G. ; March 20th, Joseph Lemming and Margaret Lambert, by Levi Rogers, M. G. ; March 10th, John Lattimore and Margaret Homer, by Philip Gatch, M. G. ; April — , Samuel Shumard and Elizabeth Conrod, by Philip Gatch, M. G. ; May 14th, Jonathan McGrew and Ruth Crawford, by Philip Gatch, M.G.; March 19th, Abel Frazee and Elizabeth Brown, by John Morris, J. P. ; April 30th, Isaac Hartman and Polly Daughters, by Levi Rogers, M. G.; March 12th, John Wil son and Betsey Leeds, by Roger W. Waring, J. P. The foregoing list embraces all the marriages from the organization of Clermont, in December, 1800, to the year 1808, that were returned to the clerk of the court by the ministers and justices solemnizing them, and, of course, many returns of licenses issued and marriages performed were never returned. It will be seen that Roger W. Waring, the clerk of the court, who issued marriage licenses, was also a justice of the peace, and thus was able to do a large business in the marriage line. LIBRARIES AND SCHOOLS. The library of the intelligent pioneer consisted of the Bible and hymn-book, Bunyan's " Pilgrim's Progress," Fox's " Book of Martyrs," Baxter's " Saint's Rest," Her vey 's "Meditations," iEsop's "Fables," William Riley's " Narrative," " Gulliver's Travels," and " Robinson Crusoe." The school-books were very few, and none were illustrated ; that for beginners was a paddle, with the alphabet and words of two letters pasted on one side, and " baker," " brier," " cider," etc., on the other, which answered the double purpose of instruction and punishment. The school-house, like the dwelling, was built of logs, with a window, one pane of glass wide, extending the whole length of the house, but generally, in place of glass, paper greased with hog's fat afforded the light, and slabs or "puncheons" served as seats for the pupils. Steel pens were unknown, and one of the chief qualifica tions of the teacher was to be a good penman and expert in 56 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. making quill pens. Sometimes, in later days, the log school-house was so constructed that openings were left in the logs to serve as windows, and in summer they were left without sash, in winter sized newspapers subserved the double purpose of sash and window-glass. A mode of pun ishment, equally primitive, called for another opening of six inches in the rude door, and into this offenders were re quired to thrust a bare foot and keep it there till released by the stern pedagogue of harsh aspect ; and, as snakes were numerous in summer and the ground under the house open, the discipline was amazingly effective. The schools were sustained by subscription, and the teachers, learned in knowledge, dextrous with the old- fashioned goosequill pen and expert — particularly so — with the heavy ferule and Solomon's rod, received from eight to twelve dollars per month for their services, and " boarded 'round" with their patrons. On certain festive days, espe cially Christmas, the custom prevailed — as positive as the common law and immutable as the laws of the Medes and Persians — of " barring out" the teacher, the scholars not permitting him to enter the sehool-room until he treated to cider, apples, gingerbread, or candy ; and sometimes, on the pedagogue's refusal, he was taken to the nearest creek and immersed in its flowing waters or ducked in the snow till he succumbed and complied with the terms dictated by his pupils, usually led on by the biggest and most rawboned boy, — one often superior in size to the teacher. The old-fashioned schools were excellent in many re spects, and the boys and girls obtained a good, practical primary education and a wholesome discipline specially adapted to those early times. On account of the sparse- ness of the population and the work to be done at home, in which the young of both sexes had to lend a helping hand, there were usually but " two quarters" of a school per year. MEETING-HOUSES. In the early days of pioneer life religion assumed a dra matic form, and the out-door meetings were the natural re sult, both as accessories of scenery and also because " God's first temples" were the only temples our worthy ancestors were able to secure. Then here and there a rude structure was put up, like the " Old Bethel Meeting-House," " Hope well," and Ten-Mile Creek churches, and soon many log houses were erected in the county for the preaching of the Lord's word. Services, too, were often held in the resi dences of zealous members of the church, and very fre quently in the woods, where large camp-meetings attracted hundreds and thousands from many miles around. It was near fourscore years ago that " the voice of one crying in the wilderness" first began to be heard in Clermont, into which poured preachers on the circuit ; and they were men who had not graduated with the honors of their class at a fashionable divinity school. They were as guiltless of original Greek as they claimed it was possible to become of original sin, and they came among an honest, impulsive, uncultured (in a collegiate sense) people, knowing how to touch the strings of every heart ; and the work they did was gradual, formative, but enduring in its happy results as we find in our excellent churches and Christian families the fruits of these first fathers' teachings. CLEARING THE LANDS. To the robust and hardy pioneers of Clermont there was a certain kind of fascination — a species of romance — about the clearing of their heavily-timbered lands. Their trials were severe, their privations great; but it was a gratifica tion to see the lofty trees that had withstood the storms and fierce howlings of the mighty tempest for hundreds of years bow before the strong arm of man. It was grand to see the heavy volume of smoke roll up by day, and at night to watch the curling red flame lighting up the dense, mys terious forests. It was hard work, but healthy and exciting, amid the winter's snow, to go into the silent woods to draw the logs to mill and split out rails to build fences. It was pleasing, year by year, to see how steadily the field of vision around the old log cabin was enlarged and new prospects opened, until, at length, the eye could glance over miles of clearings and behold large, well-filled barns and granaries, a comfortable home full of happy and contented boys and girls, with a loved wife in charge of the domestic duties, while the head of the family was wielding the axe in the woods or burning brush or log-heaps preparatory to the cul tivation of a new field the ensuing season. FARMING UTENSILS. The farming implements were few and simple. The axe was in constant use, and was always kept in good order. Its inseparable companions were a maul and a few iron wedges, which were supplemented with others made of green dogwood, and were much used in making rails. A wooden mould-board plow ; a harrow with iron, and very often wooden, teeth ; log chains; a wagon and sled ; a cross cut saw ; a few augers of different sizes and a gimlet ; hose and grubbiug-hoe ; rakes; a flax-brake and swinging board ; a couple of flails for thrashing grain, made by fastening to gether two pieces of wood with a string of raw hide, con stituted the principal outfit. The grain was at first cut with a sickle or heavy Dutch scythe, at the rate of about an acre per day ; then came the cradle, and still later the mod ern reaper. For thrashing grain, besides the flail, horses were very often used to tramp it out, being driven round and round on a circular bed, which was kept in condition by a man following with a shaking-fork. It was cleaned first by hand, but later the neighbors combined to purchase a winnowing-machine for general use, and still later every farm was supplied with improved and labor-saving appli ances. DOMESTIC AND WILD ANIMALS. Nearly every farmer had a team of horses, and some were supplied with a yoke of oxen, which were preferred in drawing logs in a clearing and breaking up new ground. A cow or two was iudispensable, and droves of hogs of all ages, gathering the mast, filled the woods. Sometimes they were allowed to roam at large such a length of time that they became wild, and it afforded much sport to hunt them. A small flock of sheep was of great service to furnish wool from which the winter clothing was made, and shearing- time was looked upon as a great occasion by the farmers' sons, who enjoyed the sport of washing the sheep in the creek a few days beforehand. Geese were kept principally for their feathers, as a feather-bed in an open cabin was a REMINISCENCES. 57 great luxury in a winter's night. A great variety of dogs abounded, sometimes as many as six claiming the same master and having a common kennel under the cabin-floor. To protect the sheep and cattle from the wolves which prowled about, the settlers were compelled to " corral" them in a rail pen about the house ; the stealthy and vagrant pests were afraid to venture near the light of the cabin-fire. The fowls were often captured by the minx, the opossum, or the raccoon, while the sheep-folds were sometimes invaded by hungry dogs, the ravening whelk and the half-starved yel low dog alike playing havoc with the farmers' flocks, and incurring the death-penalty, which was bestowed in such cases if the enraged settler overtook them. In some places it was found difficult to raise hogs and sheep, on account of the wolves, which committed many mischievous depredations. A reward for their scalps had the effect of stimulating those who engaged in hunting them, which formed quite a lucrative business. Many expedients were resorted to by the hunters to more suc cessfully capture their game. Some of them would take the ovary of a female wolf at a particular time and rub it on the soles of their boots ; then, circling through the forest where the wolves were most plentiful, the male wolves would follow the track of the hunter, who had secreted himself in some suitable place, and as soon as they came within reach of his rifle he would dispatch them. This method, while very effective in alluring the wolves, had also the effect of maddening them, and the utmost caution had to be observed to prevent ihem from attacking the hunter. On one occasion, while Charles Waits was thus hunting in Williamsburgh township, he was so closely pursued that he with difficulty reached a low tree, into the branches of which he sprang, and it was not until he had killed four of the enraged animals that they fell back. Many of the first settlers for several years paid their taxes with the funds they received as bounties for scalps, paid for their ammunition, and laid in a stock of store-goods besides. To better elude the watchful eyes of the wild animals, especially those of the deer and the turkey, hunting-shirts were colored to suit the season. In the fall the shirt most resembled dead leaves ; in the winter they used a garment whose color resembled the bark of trees ; and when snow was on the ground they frequently drew on a white shirt over their other garments. Many of the most noted hunters of Clermont County are named in the chapter pertaining to the proceedings of the county commissioners. PIONEER MILLS. It is curious to follow in the track of the early settle ment of a country and notice how it advances, — feeble in the beginning, as a child in the cradle, but time and care develops the maturity of manhood ; so, at first, the early settler had to grind his corn, by pounding it in a mortar, or hominy-block, as it was called, which was made by burning a hole into the end of a block of wood. He pounded it in these mortars with a pestle, which was made by driving an iron wedge into a stick of suitable size. After the corn was sufficiently pounded it was sieved, and the finer portion thereof taken for meal to make bread and 8 mush, and the coarser part boiled for hominy. Next came the hand-mill, and for this convenience most of the settlers had to go miles through the woods to some neighbor who was able to furnish himself with such an article. William and John Brown, who came from Kentucky and settled about a mile north of Bethel, brought with them one of these hand-mills, which they and their neigh bors used until something better could be had. It was one of the first in Clermont, and was made of some hard stone, — perhaps limestone only. The bed-stone was fastened in a frame about three feet high, and was dressed after the manner of mill-stones, with furrows, the runner or top- stone being kept in its place by a rim, and a stick let into a hole in one edge gave the handle, by which it was seized and forced around upon the nether-stone, with the grains of corn between them, and thus ground into meal. One strong man could grind very well, and two persons could make it perform with ease. Next came the " sweep horse-mill," — a great improvement upon the mortar and the hand-mill, its two predecessors, — and soon every considerable neighborhood had its " horse- mill." They have all gone out of use, and hence we will describe them : A large square frame, say forty feet square, was erected of pretty stout timbers, sometimes the posts let into the ground two or three feet, with plates framed into them to support the roof and well braced. In the centre a driving-wheel was placed, with a large shaft passing through it having an iron gudgeon or pinion at each end, the lower end set in a block firmly planted below, and the upper one secured by a framework overhead. So this shaft stood perfectly upright, and the wheel branching out from it by arms mortised into it, and extended about eight or ten, or even twelve, feet from the shaft, thus giving the driving- wheel a diameter of twenty to twenty-four feet. On the outer edge or rim of this wheel were cogs, set sometimes on the top, sometimes below, and not unfrequently in the front or tread of the wheel, as we say of a wagon-wheel, just to suit the plan of the mill. From this shaft, at about two and a half feet from the ground, projected two long levers, as long as the building would admit, and at the outer end of these levers was a place for hitching a span of horses ; and when in motion the horses would describe a circle of about forty feet diameter, being about the full ca pacity of the building or shed. The wheel, thus moved by the horses, worked its teeth or cogs into another wheel ; and so by other wheels, properly arranged, the power finally reached the runner-stone and performed the grinding pro cess. Another building, adjoining the shed, was constructed for the mill, and was large or small as the- wants of the business required. Being all under cover, the milling could be done comfortably in all kinds of weather, and two teams, one to each lever, — or sweep, as they were called, — would give abundant power and enable the miller to expedite the work readily and satisfactorily. Each person bringing his grist brought also his team, and generally two would splice, as the saying was, and run out their grists in that way. Bethel was the centre of an early and numerous settle ment, and the milling-business there required two mills, both located on Main Street. For the privilege of a ride boys 58 HISTORY OP CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. would sit upon the end of one of the sweeps, behind the horses, and drive them through the grinding of a grist. In those early days everybody drank whisky, and all re garded it as a harmless indulgence, except in cases of great abuse, and these were not matters of any special concern to any save the unfortunates themselves. Taverns were plenty, and liquor pretty good and cheap, and the farmers, by the use of a little copper-distilled whisky while waiting at the mill for their turns, could make the time pass off pleasantly and rapidly. Sometimes a song or a story helped to relieve the tediousness of the waiting, and some times a wrestle, a foot-race, jumping, pitching quoits, a game of checkers, and not unfrequently a regular old-fashioned fight, added to the interest of the occasion. At night a fire would be kindled in a sheltered place, and, sitting around it, smoking, chewing tobacco, and drinking, would cluster all who were waiting their turns. Then was the time for the telling of marvelous stories of bears, wolves, and panthers, — how they depredated on the stock of the farmers ; how the farmer hunted them in great peril, run ning them up trees, into caves, thickets, finally overhauling them with dogs, and then the fight, escape, or death. Many a little boy would sit and listen to those wonderful, and to him terrible, stories, night after night, until his brain would be so full of them that he was afraid to go home, expecting a panther or a bear to come upon him at every step he had to take, and which, when he did go, was taken at high speed, and his dreams, of course, would be full of the same awful stories the rest of the night. The mother of such a boy could not see, of course, what shouhi interest him at the mill, with a parcel of old men, to stay till late at night, as was often the case, and would threaten him with severe correction, or, what was more alarming, to inform his father ; but still a bear-story or a wolf-hunt was too much of a charm for the average pioneer boy to lose through fear of corporeal chastisement. The sweep horse-mill gave way to the tread-wheel, which is still in use, — not so much for grinding as for carding wool. The water-courses not affording reliable water- power for all seasons of the year, steam has become the great agent in moving machinery for all purposes. Such is the progress made in Clermont in eighty years : from the old mortar to the hand ; then horse-sweep ; then tread mill ; then the water-mills on the little streams ; and now the fine steam-mills in full operation all over the county. STORES. The first stores were not in brick, stone, or iron-front buildings, as stern history tells us they were in log houses and had a rough bench counter, on each end "of which it was the common practice to set a decanter or bottle of whisky for customers to help themselves gratuitously to liberalize their minds and enable them to purchase advan tageously. Flour could not, for several years, be obtained nearer than Cincinnati, or Washington, Ky., and other goods were very high, and none but the commonest kind were brought into the county. Tea retailed at from two to three dollars per pound ; coffee, seventy-five cents ; salt, four and five dollars per bushel ; the coarsest calicoes were one dollar a yard ; whisky, from one to two dollars a gallon, and as much of the latter was sold as of all other articles. Spices and pepper were worth a dollar per pound ; domestic shirtings, sixty- two and one-half cents per yard ; brown sugar, from twenty- five to thirty cents per pound ; loaf sugar, from forty to fifty; butter, twenty-five ; corn, a dollar a bushel; and, as to wheat, there was scarcely a price known for three years, till the completion of the mill at Lytlestown (Williams burgh). There was no market for several years, beyond the wants of the settlers, which were sufficient to swallow up all the surplus products of the farmer ; but when such an outlet was found, it was through the Ohio River by keel-boats to the Southern States. From 1825 to 1830 there were opened many large stores all over the county, doing a large business ; and, glancing over a daily journal (day-book) of the business done, we get and present a view of the markets, customs, and exchange of that period in Williamsburgh : Wool-cards were in good and frequent demand at sixty-two and a half cents apiece. Then the nimble fingers of winsome lasses handled those more zealously than do their granddaughters their piano, organ, or guitar. Stern necessity, not frivolous fashion, dictated the exercise, for their calicoes, of not bver- neat patterns, closed scarce at thirty-seven and a half cents a yard, while butter ruled from five and a quarter to eight cents per pound ; so that a gown of one was a fair exchange for forty or fifty pounds of the other. Honey was preserved in half-gallon jars, at twenty-five cents each. Powder, at fifty cents a pound, and lead, at twelve and a half, were in constant demand, for your hunter of that day was a great executioner of the denizens of the forest. Young spend thrifts were curbed in extravagance by the ruinous rates.of twelve and a half cents per hundred for cigars. Shirting that was neither white nor fine was firm at eighteen and three- quarters cents per yard, and washings were cleared with in digo at twenty-five cents per ounce. Our ancestors of that day drank their coffee at twenty-five to twenty-eight cents per pound, and occasionally sipped tea at one dollar and fifty cents, and chewed tobacco unceasingly at twelve and a half cents per pound. Their pepper cost them fifty cents a pound, and their salt one dollar and a half per bushel. Corn sold for twenty cents, oats twenty-five, and potatoes fifty cents a bushel, while nails were twelve and a half and iron eight cents per pound. The girls, for one momentous occasion in life, deemed two hundred and forty-six eggs a fair baiter for one pair of white cotton stockings, — an ex travagance as reckless as their simplicity was admirable. Very frequent charges, such as " Dr." to cash loaned six and one-quarter cents, " Dr." to cash loaned twelve and one- half or eighteen and three-quarters, and sometimes as much as thirty-seven and one-half cents, teach us that even then there was a stringency in the money circulation. And, alas for human credit ! not all these charges are balanced. One item that commands attention, if not respect, is " Cr. by twelve hundred gallons of whisky, at twelve and one- half cents per gallon," and the same book shows where it went, and more too. The exceptions are rare when in a bill of goods the item " Dr. to whisky" does not occur. Nor was the vender without his profit, for the charges on sales arc at the rate of twelve and one half cents per quart (the REMINISCENCES. 59 same bought at that figure per gallon), and seems to have been the one thing needful. Often the item stands, like Napoleon, " solitary and alone," but generally it heads the list, proving that it was first in war, first in peace, and first in the mouths of our countrymen. The demand appears to have been regular, subject to occasional violent expansions, which we fairly presume to have been caused by the exi gencies of harvest, log-rollings, house-raisings, corn-husk ings, sheep-shearings, and (there is no disputing the fact : the day-book shows it) quiltings : Dr. to i gal. whisky 25 '' i lb. tobacco 6J salt 6i=37i is a fair specimen of hundreds of similar entries. The effects in the town where the store was kept (Wil liamsburgh, now the banner temperance town of Clermont) were obvious, and it is idle to deny them. No wonder that we have momentarily to rescue from oblivion the fate of a little girl in that town, — a tender little girl whose mangled form and crushed and broken bones long since mouldered away in a forgotten grave, whither she was sent by a father's drunken frenzy; nor need we feel surprised that the jury gave the wretch an acquittal, for drunkenness was very common, and "a fellow-feeling makes us wondrous kind." The day-book and journal from whose pages we have gleaned is quite as noteworthy in what is not shown. Silks have no notice, the perfumes and powders of the modern toilet are not mentioned, and embroideries were absent, as our grandmothers won their suitors without such surrep titious aid. " Our best respects to thee, Old Ledger, with thy faded letters and yellowed leaves ! for we feel that thou hast taught us a lesson ; and, however much men may sigh for the ' good days of old,' we know for a truth that our farms are better tilled, and our homes are better filled ; but that our wives are better willed stands for argument."* The old village store was a grand theatre in which to study human nature, for there centred the voluminous "chimney-corner law,"' expounded by the solemn but con stitutionally lazy wiseacres who loafed and talked, discussed politics and gossip, and attended to everybody's business and affairs but their own. The heads of many barrels have been worn through by the everlasting sitting of these per severing gentry, who wore out the patience of the good storekeeper, his customers, and the underpinning of their trousers in solving great constitutional questions of govern ment or finance and tariff, and in retailing the faults and foibles of people " the latchets of whose shoes they were unworthy to unloose." TAVERNS. The first hotels in the county were quaint hostelries, generally double log cabins, called taverns, and kept by generous-hearted landlords and presided over in the culi nary department by the best cooks in the country, the landlord's wife, a tidy woman who kept every nook and corner of the rustic inn in perfect order, and with her own hands prepared all the viands for the table. The first was opened in Williamsburgh ; then at Bethel ; near Batavia ; then at Milford ; then at New Richmond ; then at Point * Prof. Byron Williams. Pleasant ; and then at Felicity. They had to pay annually a license fund into the county treasury, regulated according to their rank and business ; and the landlords in those days were notable personages and men of consequence, distin guished for their good cheer and ability to tell a good story, and, in short, knew how to keep a hotel. The taverns then all had a " bar," and the signs read " entertainment for man and beast," and not unfrequently the entertainment of the bar was so good and extensive that the former was turned into the latter. As the roads were bad, — hardly roads, but "traces" and " blazed ways," — most of the traveling was done on horseback, and even the judges and the lawyers traveled thus from county to county, and at these old-time taverns many a spree occurred and great were the yarns told by those collected in after a long day's ride, fording creeks and swamp-lands. MUSTERS. Many of our readers will remember the musterings under the old system that prevailed in Ohio, the township train ings, and the general musters by counties or military dis tricts, and what screaming farces they were in a military sense. They were great days for the captains, majors, colonels, and brigadiers who had never smelled powder and were barely versed in the manual of arms to give orders and perform the simplest evolutions. It was a big sight to see, though, when a multitude of farmers and boys assem bled in a big meadow, some barefooted, some in tow breeches and straw hats, some with old flint-lock muskets and smooth-bore rifles or shot-guns, and some with hoe-handles or sticks, cut in the most convenient patch of woods, going through the evolutions and marching and 'countermarching about the field. But the greatest sight was when a hollow square was formed, and the gauntleted brigadier, with vast and shining epaulets and chapeau with plumes a foot long, rode haughtily and stately in to harangue the men on their duties before dismissing them. The picture of one of these gorgeously gotten-up brigadiers is photographed in the memories of thousands as the most impressive and ponder ous military figure they ever saw or ever will see. APPRENTICES. In olden times it was the custom to bind out by letters of indenture such boys or young men as desired, or their parents or guardians wished to learn some trade or occupa tion. Then, in order to be a good workman or mechanic in any department of industry, one had to serve a term of years, and the result was the country had No. 1 workmen and men of good character. It was not considered de grading to be thus bound out or to thus be apprenticed to a master, and many of the best men in after- years were, when boys, indentured to some one to learn their trade by serving a long period as an apprentice. Sometimes a boy would be apprenticed to learn the art and mystery of farm ing or husbandry for a term (depending on his age when he began) of ten, twelve, or fourteen years, and the articles of indenture would stipulate " that his said master he should faithfully serve, his lawful commands everywhere readily obey, and should not absent himself from his said master's service without leave. And further, that he would 60 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. not play at cards, dice, or other unlawful games, and should not waste his master's goods, neither commit fornication or intermarry during his apprenticeship." Then, on his part, the master agreed in solemn instrument, under seal, that " he would furnish his apprentice good and sufficient meat, drink, lodging, and clothes, and that he would teach, or cause him to be taught, the art of husbandry, and also to read, write, and cipher so far and quite through what in arithmetic was commonly called The Single Rule of Three." And often the master agreed to give the apprentice, on his arrival at his majority (twenty-one years of age), a certain amount of land by a deed of general warranty, and invari ably it was one of the terms in the original stipulation to give him, at the termination of his apprenticeship, a good suit of clothes, a saddle, or a horse. Frequently the agree ment called for the master to train the apprentice in habits of obedience, industry, and morality, and at the close of service give him two good suits of wearing-apparel, — one of which should be suitable for Sundays and the other for working-days, — and also a new Bible. It was very common, up to the year 1840, to bind out boys to learn the trades of blacksmithing, carpentering, boot-and-shoe making, and other branches of industry so honorable and necessary in all countries, and particularly in our land. In the articles of indenture to a carpenter the apprentice agreed, or it was stipulated by his parent or guardian for him, " to learn the trade, art, mystery, or oc cupation of a house carpenter and joiner, and to dwell with and serve his said master in all such lawful business as he should be put to the best of his abilities and powers." The master in turn agreed to teach and instruct him, or cause the same to be done, in all the arts and mysteries of the occupation to which he had been bound, " and to furnish him with meat, drink, washing, lodging, and apparel for summer and winter, and all other necessaries proper and convenient for such apprentice during the term of his ap prenticeship, and when he arrived at twenty-one give him two suits of wearing apparel, one of which should be new, one hand-saw, one hammer, one jack-plane, one fore-plane, one smoothing-plane, and a new Bible,"— a book all received when they had finished their trades and started out in life. OLD WILLS. No better index can be found to the tone and culture of a country than is discovered in the wills of its dying heads of families, and the musty volumes of the county and the antique parchments of the last wills and testaments of the pioneers show the high religious sentiment that existed in the early days. They most invariably point to humanity's brightest side, though occasionally the testator has cut off a wayward daughter with a shilling or a willful and wicked son with a dollar, and his curse. The first wills on record usually begin something like this: "In the name of God, amen. I, A. B., being in a sick and low condition, but of perfect mind and memory, thanks be to God for his mercies, calling to mind the mortality of my body, and knowing that it is appointed for all men once to die, do make and ordain this my last will and testament; and, principally, and first of all, I recom mend my soul to the hands of Almighty God that gave it, and my body I recommend to the earth, to be decently buried in a Christian manner ; and as touching such worldly estate wherewith it has pleased God to bless me in this life, I give, dismiss, and dispose of the same in the following manner." Then follows the distribution of his real and personal property. What volumes of sound theology and deep- hearted piety, of Christian philanthropy and noble man hood, are contained in these simple but kind words ! Again, another would begin and continue till the distributing clauses were reached something like the foregoing, in these words : " In the name of the Almighty Father, amen. I, A. B., being very weak in body, but in sound mind and memory, and knowing it is appointed for all men once to die, and being desirous to settle up my worldly affairs, and thereby be the better prepared to leave this world when it shall please the Lord to call me from it, do make and publish this my last will and testament, and desire that it may be received as such by all whom it may concern. And first, I commit my soul into the hands of Almighty God, and my body to the earth, to be interred in a decent Christian burial at the discretion of my executors, here inafter named, and so on." To perfect the titles and pass the fee, certified copies of all wills of non-residents of the county who had lands in its limits had to be admitted to record in the county and spread upon its records. Hence there are many wills of old Virginians and Kentuckians recorded to pass the title to real estate entered by them, at an early date, on land- warrants issued to them or their fathers for services in the Revolutionary war in the Virginia line, on the Continental Establishment. Of these is the curious will of Joseph Carrington, who entered and owned Carrington's survey, No. 631, including the present town of Loveland, made and signed April 2, 1802, by the testator, in the county of Cumberland, State of Virginia. In this instrument, Car rington willed and directed that his faithful negro woman " Tiller" be emancipated after his death, and that his exec utors convey to her, to become her attribute and indefeasible property, her husband, his (Carrington's) negro man York, and her two female children, Betty and Chloe, and, when ever it should be her desire, to assist her in the emancipa tion of the above York, Betty, and Chloe. Carrington further devised to her during her natural life one of his best tracts of land in his home county, ordered his execu tors to pay her £20 English sterling, give her a good feather-bed, some furniture, a fine bay horse, a saddle and bridle, three good milch cows, and small cattle to make the number seven, one good brood-sow, and other hogs to make the number ten. Then the residue of his slaves — a very large number — he divided equally among his children. Samuel J. Cabell, of Nelson Co., Va., died, leaving a will dated June 4, 1818, and a codicil thereto attached of the 6th of July following. He owned two surveys, each of eighteen hundred and thirty-three and one-third aeres, Nos. 5229 and 5230, in Clermont (Wayne township), Brown, and Clinton Cos., and which he devised to his daughter, Mildred M. Cartwright, and he further ordered his execu tors to purchase two male slaves between the ages of eighteen and twenty-three, and one female slave about the same age, whom he devised to the aforesaid daughter. The executors were directed to select sixty-four of his (testator's) most valuable slaves, out of which (?) his daughter Paulina was to have ten ; his daughter Peggy, ten ; his daughter Em- FORMATION OF THE COUNTY. 61 meline, twelve ; the residue of the said sixty-four, as also all his other slaves, were to be equally divided between his three sons, — George Washington Cabell, Patrick Henry Cabell, and Samuel J. Cabell, Jr., except that the latter was 'to get and have "Old Simeon," "Old Tom," and " Old Harry," over and above the equal division as to the rest, for which he was to pay a reasonable value. These two are but slight specimens of many of the old slave-code wills of men who once owned large posses sions in the county. But, thanks to kind Heaven ! the traffic in human flesh is among the things of the past in our country, now happily relieved of the accursed system that disgraced our flag and brought our boasted free insti tutions into disrepute. But the old pioneers — veteran patriarchs and sainted mothers — are fast passing away. Death is striking them down one by one like deer from the herd, and soon we must feel the force of the poet's beautiful lines : " Where are the hardy yeomen Who battled for the land ? * -& -s * * Oh, know ye where they slumber? No monument appears For Freedom's pilgrims to draw nigh And hallow with their tears; Or were no works of glory Done in the olden time ? And has the West no story Of deathless deeds sublime ?" Yes, the everlasting monuments of our sympathies with the pioueers are reared in our beautiful towns and villages, our fine farms and cosy residences, our manifold improve ments, schools, and churches, secured by their valor and labors, and we, their descendants, can hardly turn our eyes without being reminded of the good works of our fore fathers, whose strong arms and honest hearts gave us this rich heritage. Then let us be true to their memory and transmit to our successors the noble institutions which their patriotism, endurance, and virtues have given us, and hope, as one generation passes away and another comes, that each succeeding one may attain to a higher degree of excellence, become wiser, better, and happier in all that constitutes a State, founded on the broad basis of justice, equality, truth, and virtue. CHAPTER VIII. CLERMONT COUNTY FOKMBD-ITS OHIGrlNAIi AND PRESENT BOUNDARIES, AND SUBDIVIS IONS INTO TOWNSHIPS. In the present limits of the State of Ohio, part of the Territory of the Northwest, the first seven counties were created by the proclamation of Governor St. Clair in the following chronological order : Washington, July 27, 1788 ; Hamilton, Jan. 2, 1790 ; Wayne, Aug. 15, 1796 ; Adams, July 10, 1797; Jefferson, July 29, 1797 ; Ross, Aug. 20, 1798; and Trumbull, July 10, 1800. Up to the early part of the year 1799 all the country between the Little Miami River and Elk River (Eagle Creek) was a part of Hamilton County, and called Ander son township ; but in the latter part of that year it was divided into two townships, called Washington and Deer- field, the latter embracing the northern part of the present county, with the southern portion of Warren County, and the former including the southern and central parts of all the territory, now in Clermont and Brown Counties, be tween the Little Miami River and Eagle Creek. The first Territorial Legislature, consisting of a council of five, appointed by President John Adams, on March 22, 1799, to wit, — Jacob Burnet and James Findlay, of Cin cinnati ; Robert Oliver, of Marietta ; David Vance, of Vanceville, Jefferson Co. ; and Henry Vandenburg, of Vincennes (Indiana), — and a House of Representatives of twenty-two members, elected by the people from the coun ties of Washington, Hamilton, Wayne, Adams, Jefferson, and Ross (in Ohio), and Knox, St. Clair, and Randolph (in Indiana), met and organized at Cincinnati on Sept. 27, 1799. This body passed the following act : " An Act to establish u nev> County on the Ohio between ihe Little Miami River and Adams County. "Section 1. Be it enacted by the Legislative Council and House of Representatives in General Assembly, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That from and after the first day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred, so much of the county of Hamilton as is hereinafter mentioned shall compose a new county, that is to say : Beginning on the Ohio River at the mouth of Nine-Mile Creek, otherwise called John's Creek; thence running in a direct line to the mouth of the east fork of the Little Miami River; thence up the main branch of said Little Miami River until it shall intersect the line drawn east and west on the north boundary of the first entire range of townships in the Miami purchase; thence east to the line of Ross or Adams Counties; thence on the said line or lines of Ross or Adams Counties to the river Ohio; thence down the said river Ohio to the place of beginning, — all that of said county con tained within the above boundary lines shall be a new county, and known by the name of Henry. " Section 2. And be it further enacted, that Richard Allison, Samuel C. Vance, William Buckhannon, Robert Higgins, Hezekiah Conn, Alexander Martin, William Perry, and Peter Light shall be, and are hereby, appointed commissioners for the purpose of fixing on the most eligible place in said county of Henry for the permanent seat of jus tice; and the said commissioners, or a majority of them, are hereby authorized to select and point out a place in the said county of Henry at which the permanent seat of justice shall be established, and to receive as a gilt, or to contract and purchase of any person or persons, the quantity of two hundred acres of land, and to cause the same to be laid off in town lots; one-half thereof in half-acre lots, with con venient streets, and the other half in lots of two acres, allowing suffi cient streets; and the said commissioners, or a majority of them, shall within three weeks after the laying out of said town convey the same in fee to the commissioners of the said county of Henry, and their successors in office, in trust for the use of the said county ; and the said county commissioners shall proceed to sell the said lots for the use of the county, reserving two acres of the lots as near the centre of the in-lots as may he, to be conveyed to the justices of the court for the said county, and their successors in office, for the purpose of erecting such public buildings thereon as by the laws of this Territory are di rected. And the said county commissioners shall cause the money arising from the sale of said lots to be paid into the county treasury for the use of the said county, and the county treasurer shall pay the original purchase-money of the said two hundred acres of land and the expenses attending the ascertaining the most eligible place afore said, with the charges for laying out the said town-lots, and also the sum of two dollars per day to each of the commissioners herein above named during their attendance out of the first moneys that shall be paid into the treasury not otherwise appropriated. " Section 3. And be it further enacted, That the sheriff of the said county, within four weeks after he receives his appointment, shall give notice to each of the commissioners of their appointments, and direct the time the said commissioners shall meet at the temporary place for 62 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. holding their courts, which shall not exceed three weeks from such notice, to execute the duties required of them by this law. " Section 4. And be it further enacted, That until such place for holding the courts for said county be fixed by the commissioners, the justices of said county are hereby authorized to hold their respective courts at Denham's Town, within the said county. " Section 5. And be it further enacted, That it shall be lawful for the sheriff of the aforesaid county of Hamilton to collect and make dis tress for any taxes, forfeitures, public dues, or officers' fees for which the inhabitants of the said county of Henry, or any other person or persons holding property in the said county, are liable, and which- shall remain unpaid at the time this act shall take effect, in like man ner as if this act had not been made. " Section 6. And be it further enacted, That the »ourts of the afore said county of Hamilton shall have jurisdiction in all actions and suits in law which shall be depending therein on the said first day of February, and shall try and determine the same, issue process, and award execution thereon. " Section 7. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of tbe county commissioners of the said county of Henry, at the first meeting next after their appointments, to levy and cause to be col lected, in the same manner as other county rates are levied and col lected, a sum of money not less than one thousand dollars, nor more than two thousand dollars, and sufficient to build a substantial county jail containing two commodious apartments at least; and tho said commissioners are hereby directed to cause the said jail to be erected and completed at the permanent seat of justice in the said county of Henry within the term of two years next after the passing of this act. " Edward Tiffin, " Speaker of the House of Representatives. 11 H. Vanderburgh, President of the Council." The above act was lately discovered among the papers of Governor St. Clair, and is not printed in any of the early annual volumes of laws or other published archives or an nals of Ohio. It never became a law, but the present county of Clermont had a narrow escape from being called Henry, and Denhamstown (now Bethel) came very near becoming the shiretown. The first session of the territorial Legislature passed thirty bills, but the Governor vetoed eleven of them, of which six were for the erection of new counties, including Henry, and these acts he did not return to the Legislature, because, as he said in his speech of Dec. 19, 1799, pro roguing and terminating their session, the two houses were under no obligation to consider the reasons on which his vetoes were founded ; aud, at any rate, as his negatives were unqualified, the only effect of such a return would be to bring on a vexatious and probably fruitless altercation between the legislative body and the executive. The eleven vetoed bills were disapproved for various reasons, but mainly because the Governor, St. Clair, a stern old Federal ist, claimed that the power exercised in enacting them, and particularly those relating to the creation of new counties, was vested by the ordinance of 1787, not in the Legisla ture, but in himself; hence he pocketed and retained every act that he considered as infringing upon his authority, and those he did approve were grudgingly signed, and thus a running war was kept up by the Governor and legislators till the fifty-fifth day of the. session, when the arbitrary executive dismissed them in high dudgeon, and Henry County existed only as a vetoed law, stuck away amon°- the rubbish of the dingy gubernatorial office. On Dec. 6, 1800, Governor St. Clair created by proc lamation the county of Clermont, the name taken from the Department of Clermont, in France, and derived from two French words originally signifying " a clear mountain," with the following boundaries : "Beginning at the mouth of Nine-Mile, or Muddy, Creek, where it discharges itself into the Ohio, and running from thence with a straight line to themouthof the cast branch of the Little Miami River; thence with the Little Miami River to the mouth of O'Bannon's Creek; thence with a due east line until it shall intersect a line drawn due north from the mouth of Elk River, or Eagle Creek ; thence with that line south to the mouth of said Elk River or Eagle Creek ; and from thence with the Ohio to the place of beginning.'' After Clermont only two counties were created by proc lamation under the territorial government, — to wit, Fairfield, Dec. 9, 1800, and Belmont, Sept. 7, 1801,— and Scioto was the first one erected under the State organization, — to wit, March 24, 1803. The first court of the justices of General Quarter Ses sions, held at Williamsburgh, Feb. 25, 1801, fixed on that town as the temporary seat of justice, which so remained till the Second General Assembly of Ohio, at Chillicothe, on Feb. 18, 1804, passed an .act providing for the fixing of the permanent seat of justice in Clermont; under which law William Patton, Isaac Davis, and Nathan Reeves, all of Ross County, were appointed commissioners to choose and designate the place, and who reported against its re moval to Bethel and in favor of its being permanently located where it was. An act of the territorial Legislature, approved Jan. 23, 1802, provided that the boundary-line between the counties of Adams and Ross, west of the Scioto River, the dividing-line between Clermont and Adams, the one between Clermont and Ross, so much of the dividing-lines between Hamilton and Clermont as lies between the Ohio River and the mouth of the east fork of the Little Miami, and the division-line between Ross and Hamilton, should be ascertained by the surveyors of the said counties, with the proviso that the line commencing at the mouth of Eagle Creek, between Clermont and Adams, should be run and completed before the 1st of May following, as the inhabitants of the new county of Clermont were anxious to know as speedily as possible the exact eastern limits of their county. The Justices' Court of General Quarter Sessions, at its first term, Feb. 25, 1801, divided the new county of Clermont into five townships, — Williamsburgh, Ohio, Wash ington, Obannon (a year or so later changed to Miami), and Pleasant (now in Brown), — but the records of the couft preserved fail to give the boundaries of said town ships. At the regular session of the commissioners (Amos Ellis, Amos Smith, and George Conrad), on June 12, 1805, a petition of sundry inhabitants of Williamsburgh and Ohio townships was presented and read, praying for the erection • of -a new township, to be composed of a part of each of said townships, which was laid over for further considera tion until next meeting. At their next session, on August 5th, the board ordered said new township of Tate to be laid off and created agreeably to the boundaries prescribed and filed (which cannot be found), and which were ordered to be recorded, but were not. Roger W. Waring, for him self and others of that part of Williamsburgh township which remained, gave notice that he would file a bill of exceptions and take an appeal to the board's act in estab- BOUNDARIES AND TOWTNSHIP SUBDIVISIONS. 63 lishing this new township ; but the fiat had been issued, and from that day henceforth Tate was a sovereignty by itself and an integral part of the Clermont body politic. June 2, 1807, the journal of the commissioners shows that a petition of a number of inhabitants of the east end of Washington township was presented, praying to be set off as a new township ; and the same being thought reason able the prayer was granted, to extend from the east end of Washington township as far down as Bullskin Creek or the Denhamstown road, said township to be recorded and known by the name of Lewis (now in Brown County). Clark township (now in Brown County) was created by the commissioners, Oct. 18, 1808, with the following boun daries : " Beginning where the State road from Denhamstown to West Union crosses Whiteoak ; thence running with the State road to Adams county-line ; thence north with said line to Highland County; thence west with said county-line to the corner of Highland, and con tinuing west so far as to include Aaron Leonard and Moses Moss ; thence south to Lewis township-line ; thence with the same to the place of beginning." On Feb. 18, 1805, the Legislature passed an act that all that part of Clermont, Adams, and Ross, with the following boundaries, be laid off and erected into a separate county, to be known by the name of Highland, to wit : "Beginning at the twenty-mile tree, in the line between Clermont and Adams Counties, which is run north from the mouth of Eagle Creek, on the Ohio River, and running thence east twelve miles; thence northeastwardly until it intersects the line which was run be tween the counties of Ross and Scioto and Adams, at the eighteen- mile tree from the Scioto River; thence northwardly to the mouth of Rocky Fork of Paint Creek ; thence up main Paint Creek, by the bed thereof, including John Watt's survey of one thousand acres, on which the town of Greenfield is situate, to the south line of Franklin County ; thence with the said line west to the east line of Greene County; thence with said line south to the southeast corner of said county ; thence with the south line thereof west to the northeast corner of Cler mont County, and from the beginning west to the north fork of Whiteoak Creek; thence north to the south line of Warren County; thence with said line east to the corner between'CIermont and Warren Counties." Dec. 4, 1811, a petition of a number of inhabitants of Ohio township was presented to the commissioners of Cler mont County, praying for a new township, to be established agreeable to the following bounds, to wit : " Beginning at the east fork, at the corner of Tate township ; thence with the line of Tate township until it meets the State road leading from West Union to the mouth of Clough Creek ; thence with that road until it meets the county-line ; thence with the county-line to the east fork ; thence up the east fork to the beginning." The board laid off and established the foregoing bounds into a new township, to be known by the name of Union, with the following changes in the boundaries : " The said new township of Union to extend and border upon the south side of the State road from Tate township-line to Daniel Kir- gan's; thence to border upon the north side of said road to the oounty-line." Whereas a number of the inhabitants of the settlement of Stonelick Creek had filed a petition praying to be set apart into a separate township, the commissioners, on March 4, 1812, set apart the following boundaries into a new township, to be known as Stonelick, to wit : " Beginning at the mouth of Dry Run, in Miami, on the east fork ; thence northerly so as just to include Lewis Coddle to the county- lino; thence east with said line to Highland eounty-line ; thence south with said line to the State road, known by the name of Ander son's road ; thence with the ^aid road to where the Xenia road crosses; thence a straight course to the mouth of Whetstone's Run, on the east fork ; thence down the same to the place of beginning." But on April 13th following the line between Williams burgh and Stonelick was changed by making the line of Stonelick " begin on the east fork, at the mouth of Kill- breath's Run, near Dimmitt's Ford ; thence running north erly so as to strike John Long, Christian Long, and Joseph Brunk (and including them) ; thence a straight line to where the Xenia road crosses the Anderson State road." On Sept. 5, 1815, Batavia township was created by the commissioners with the following boundaries : "Beginning at the mouth of Slab Camp Run, where it empties into the east fork ; thence up the run one mile northerly to intersect the road leading from Williamsburgh to Cincinnati, near the house of Daniel Kidd; from thence northerly to John Davidson's farm ; thence the same course to the first branch of the waters of Lick Run ; thence down the same to the mouth thereof; thence crossing the east fork ; thence down the bank of said fork to David Dimmitt's lower ford of said fork ; thence along the lower edge of the river-hill of the fork toTownsIey's Mill-road; thence along said road, leading towards Daniel Kirgan's, leaving the road to the northeast corner of John Brazier's land; thence to a place known by the name of Nash's cross road; thence on the road leading to Denhamstown to Tate township- line; thence down the line of Tate township to the east fork; thence up the creek, and crossing the same opposite to the mouth of Slab Camp Run to the place of beginning." On June 6, 1815, the township of Perry (now in Brown) was established by the commissioners, with following boun daries : "Beginning on Clermont county-line at the corner of Warren and Clinton Counties; thence a straight course to Samuel Ashton's old place, on Anderson's State road; thence east by south to the line be tween Clermont and Highland Counties; thence north with Clermont county-line to Clinton county-line; thence with Clermont and Clinton counties-line to the place of beginning." On Dec. 27, 1817, Clermont lost the 'townships of Pleasant, Lewis, Clark, and Perry by the legislative act passed that day creating Brown County, and which pro vided that so much of the counties of Clermont and Adams as comes within the following limits should be and was erected into a separate and distinct county, to be known by the name of Brown (after the gallant officer of the war of 1812), to wit: " Beginning at a point eight miles due west from the court-house, in the town of "West Union, in Adams; thence running due north to Highland county-line; thence west with Highland county-line to Clermont county-line; thence north with Clermont county-line to Clinton county-line; thence west with Clinton county-line so far that a line running south will strike the Ohio River two miles above the mouth of Bullskin Creek; thence up the Ohio River and with the same so far that a line running due north will intersect the point of beginning." The courts were ordered to be held at the house of Alex ander Campbell, in Ripley, until the permanent seat of jus tice was located, and which not long afterwards (Jan. 19, 1821) was fixed at Georgetown. May 5, 1818, Franhlln township was established by the commissioners, in response to a petition signed by citizens of the fractional part of Lewis and the upper part of Wash ington township, the boundaries of which were as follows : 61 HISTORY OP CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. " Beginning at the upper corner of Clermont County, two miles above the mouth of Bullskin Creek, ou the Ohio River; thence with the county-line between Clermont and Brown to the original line of Lewis township; thence westwardlywith the line of Tate township to where the State road crosses Indian Creek, about eight poles south of William Winter's: thence with the line of Washington township two miles; thence in a direction that will strike the Ohio River twenty poles below the house where Dr. R. W. Hale now resides; thence with the meanders of the Ohio River to the Brown county- line." March 15, 1819, Wayne township was created, on the application by petition of a number of inhabitants of the southeast part of Stonelick township, with the following boundaries : " Beginning at the crossing of tho Xenia and Anderson State road; thence crossing the road leading from the mouth to the head of Stone lick at a bridge next above the farm of William Cowan; thence to the line between Miami and Stonelick townships where the same crosses the Indian Camp Run." It was ordered that the electors of said new township of Wayne hold at the house of Joseph Smith their first elec tion for township officers on the first Monday in April following. Next day, March 16, 1819, Goshen township was organized and established, on the petition of a num ber of citizens of the northeastern part of Miami, with these boundaries : • "Beginning at the county-line, northwest of Joshua Cox's; thence along the northeastern side of the road leading from Lebanon to Williamsburgh to within one mile of Jesse Smith's, on tho road afore said; thence crossing the said road to the southern side; thence along the southern side of said road to the line between Miami and Stone lick townships; thence with the line of Stonelick to the county-line; thence with the county-line to the beginning." Monroe township was created June 9, 1825, with the following boundaries (petitioned for by citizens of Ohio and Washington townships) : "Beginning at the' corner of Ohio township, near Jacob Ulrey's; thence south ten degrees east till it intersects or strikes the Tate township-line, one hundred and ten poles from Peter McClain ; thence south forty-four- degrees west to the mouth of Little Indian Creek ; thence with the Ohio River to the mouth of Boat Run ; thence north twenty-eight degrees east until it strikes the State road from Cincin nati to -Bethel ; thence with said road to the beginning. On June 3, 1834, the commissioners, having had under consideration the petition of Ebenezer Hadley and other citizens of Wayne, Williamsburgh, and Stonelick townships for the erection of a new township, found it to be to the public interest to .erect one, which they, did, and called it Jackson, with the following boundaries : "Beginning at the point where the line dividing the counties of Brown and Clermont crosses the Anderson State road; thence south and with said line to Four-Mile Run, near the farm of James Waits • thence a westwardly course to Isaac Hartman's saw-mill, on the east fork ; thence a straight westwardly course to John Bridge's old place, on the Deerfield road; thence north and with said road, or Batavia township-line, to Stonelick township-line; thence northeastwardly and with Stonelick township-line to the new county road running from the cross-roads to Obadiah Ireton's; thence to the Anderson State road, at the farm of James Barr; thence a northeastwardly course, including said Barr, Schobard Willis, and Arthur Clark, to the line dividing Stonelick and Wayne townships, near Frederick Everhart's; thence northwest and with said line one mile; thence an easterly course to the line dividing the counties of Brown and Cler mont, three miles north of the Anderson State road; thence south and with said line to the place of beginning; to contain the legal quantity of square miles, and so as to leave John Marsh and John Needhaui in Stonelick township." On Dec. 8, 1852, the board of county commissioners took up and considered the petition of J. C. Smith and others for the division of Ohio township into two town ships, and it was thereupon ordered that said Ohio town ship be divided according to the prayer of the petitioners, to wit : "Beginning at the mouth of Twelve-Mile Creek, and running with the meanders of said creek to the Monroe township-line ; thence with said line to the Ohio turnpike; the division or township in which the town of New Richmond is situated to be known and designated by the name of Ohio township, and the other division or township to be called Pierce township, in honor of Franklin Pierce, President-elect of the United States." The boundary-line between Hamilton and Clermont Counties was run again in 1858 and permanently settled, and since then the lines dividing Clermont from Warren, Clinton, and Brown have been run and more accurately determined and fixed than before. The line between Cler mont and Hamilton begins at a stake on the bank of the Little Miami River and opposite the mouth of the east fork ; thence on a bearing of south two degrees thirty- three minutes west by the magnetic needle course, and in a straight line to the mouth of Nine-Mile Creek, where it empties into the Ohio River, said Nine-Mile Creek being called in the earliest days John's or Muddy Creek. This line is exactly nine miles in distance. CHAPTER IX. THE COUNTY BUILDINGS, PAST AND PRESENT- CO ORT-HOUSES— JAILS AUD INPIBMAEIES-THE THBEE SITES OE THE COUNTY-SEAT— THE AN CIENT ¦WHIPPING-POST, INCLUDING MANY IN TERESTING EACTS IN THEIR HISTORY, WITH NAMES OF PERSONS JUDICIALLY ELOGGED. The Court of General Quarter Sessions made Williams burgh the county-seat in 1801, on the fourth Tuesday of February, by entering into an agreement with Thomas Morris, whereby he agreed to furnish the court with a con venient house, tables, benches, fuel, etc., for the purpose of holding court, for the term of four years, at twenty dollars per year. Mr. Morris kept a log hotel, adjoining which was another log building, which was the jail, and adjoining it still another log building, which was the court-house, and the first in the county, and one in which many men who afterwards sat in Congress, on the State Supreme bench, and on the Supreme Court bench of the United States pleaded cases before the frontier juries, and discussed law with Quarter Session justices fresh from the clearings and newly-opened fields of their pioneer homes. The man who owned the log hotel and kept it, who rented to the new county of Clermont a log jail and a log court house, in six years' time was on the Supreme bench of Ohio, and in less than a third of a century was in the United States Senate, the idol and the stay of thousands — soon to be millions — of hearts looking to the overthrow of that accursed system that kept three millions of human beings in bondage. John McLean spoke as well in the log court house of Clermont in 1803 as he did when announcing COUNTY BUILDINGS. 65 decisions in the Supreme Court of the land at Washington City twenty-seven years later, and Jacob Burnet pleaded the case in that old and diminutive log court-house, in 1801, of the poor squatter with as much warmth as when he spoke for his country in the Uuited States Senate or deliv ered his able judicial opinions from the Supreme Court of Ohio but a few years later. The old log jail contained no desperate criminals, — occa sionally a horse-thief, — but it and its prison-bounds often held many a poor unfortunate debtor, and one of these was technically its owner, — Thomas Morris, — there for a brief period till released by a supersedeas from the General Terri torial Court. The Second General Assembly of Ohio passed an act on Feb. 18, 1804, providing for fixing the permanent seat of justice in the town of Williamsburgh, and then the county authorities and the good people of that town began to be stir themselves about the erection of the necessary buildings for holding' courts, transacting the public business, and exe cuting the laws of the State by having suitable prison accommodations for unlucky offenders of the law's stern decrees. The contract with Thomas Morris, in February, 1801, for use of a room for court-house having expired, the county commissioners, on June 12, 1805, entered into an agreement with Nicholas Sinks, " who agreed to furnish a room with convenient benches, tables, and seats for the purpose of holding courts in the house that said Nicholas Sinks resided in, together with a room or rooms for the grand and petit juries to sit in, and also a room for the county commissioners to sit in during the time they may be sitting as such, and to keep the necessary fires for the com fort and convenience of the court and commissioners while sitting as aforesaid," all for eight dollars for each term of court, — that is, twenty-four dollars per year, as the court and commissioners then sat quarterly. At the August and September terms of court the year before, it seems, the associate judges had appropriated at each of said terms one hundred dollars, under the act of Feb. 18, 1804, ordering a new court-house, and under other special laws giving them that power, and of this money, William Perry (the first sheriff) got one hundred dollars in June, 1803, for hauling stone to build a new court-house ; and John Kain and Archibald McLean got together the same in November (19), 1804, for same ser vices. On June 12, 1805, the commissioners decided to erect a court-house, and appropriated a sum not exceeding one thousand dollars for that purpose, to be paid out of the taxes of the non-resident land-owners of the county, in addition to the appropriations, heretofore made by the court, and to let out the contract at the next meeting of the board. On Aug. 1, 1805, the board proceeded to sell out the contract to the lowest bidder, aud John Wright and John Charles were the undertakers thereof as the lowest bidders, at the sum of fourteen hundred and ninety- nine dollars, to be paid as follows, to wit : " One hundred dollars as soon as the walls of said house are raised one foot above the ground ; and the further sum of one hun dred dollars as soon as the walls are raised up to the second story and the timbers laid thereon ,; and the further sum of y four hundred dollars on the first day of December next, provided the house is at that time under cover (or so soon thereafter as said house shall be under cover) ; and the further sura of two hundred dollars to be paid on the first day of May next ; and lastly, the further sum of six hun dred and ninety-nine dollars on the first day of January, which will be in the year eighteen hundred and seven." The contractors gave bond in two thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight dollars to do the work as they agreed, and the commissioners also gave bond in two thousand dollars to meet the payments promptly as they fell due. In August the contractors drew one hundred dollars, and two hundred dollars in November, and the sum of five hun dred dollars in January, 1806, and in June, 1806, two hundred dollars. In December, 1806, they received three hundred dollars more; fifty dollars in August, 1807, and fifty dollars more in September following, and twelve dol lars in September, 1808. In February, 1809, they were paid eighty-seven, dollars, the balance due of the fourteen hundred and ninety-nine dollars, the contract price, but the commissioners allowed them fifty-seven dollars twenty- two and a quarter cents for extra work done. The delay in finishing the court-house — it being nearly four years in its erection — was occasioned by the lack of funds and vari ous other causes that postponed its completion beyond the stipulated time. It was built on the public square, specially set apart for that purpose by the original proprietor of that town, Gen. Wm. Lytle, in his plat and deed of dedication, and in 1858 was taken down to give way to the magnificent school- edifice that adorns the lot where for fourteen years stood the old two-story _stone court-house as the county's temple of justice,— from 1810 to 1824. The Legislature, on Dec. 27, 1817, passed an act creat ing the county of Brown, thus taking away from Clermont the extensive territory comprised in the then four very large townships of Pleasant, Clark, Lewis, and Perry, and leaving Williamsburgh, the shiretown of Clermont, only about two and a half miles from the boundary-line of the new county. This led to discussions and propositions for changing the county-seat from Williamsburgh to some more central point in the county, as that town, since the organiza tion of Brown, laid on the extreme eastern part of the county, and in the then condition of the roads and bridges and limited facilities of traveling was very inaccessible to a larger part of the people of Clermont. But the inhabitants of Williamsburgh, alive to the interests of their good town, — the first laid out in Clermont, — saw the storms encircling around and about them, and quieted the matter and agita tion for a brief period by taking snap judgment in getting the Seventeenth General Assembly of Ohio to pass the act of Jan. 28, 1819, providing and fixing the permanent seat of justice where it was, — in their town. But this did not settle the place for the shiretown, and led to renewed strife and agitation, and the Twenty-first General Assembly of the State, on Jan. 25, 1823, passed a law removing the county-seat to New Richmond ; which act was obtained mainly through the influence of Thomas Morris, then a State senator, — a man of great influence in the Legislature, and strongly opposed to the interests of Williamsburgh, from 66 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. which town he removed, in 1804, to Bethel. The contest now became warm and stirred up the whole county, leading to violent harangues, discussions, and several street encoun ters and affrays. The law of Jan. 25, 1823, did not, in words, change the county-seat from Williamsburgh to New Richmond, though its effect was to do so, for it appointed three commissioners, — Anthony Banning, of Mount Vernon, John C. Wright, of Steubenville, and James Clark, of Wooster (three dis tinguished men of the State, but close personal friends of Thomas Morris, so opposed to Williamsburgh), whose duty it was to examine so much of the county as would enable them to determine what place in said county would be most eligible and best calculated to promote the general interests of its inhabitants as a permanent seat of justice, having re gard to the present and future population thereof and the advantage of placing the same as near the centre of said county as possible, or on the Ohio River. These men came and went casually over the county, and determined that it was not contrary to justice to remove the county-seat from Williamsburgh, and that a removal therefrom would be con ducive to Clermont's best interests, and that, in their opin ion, it was not necessary that the boundary-line between Clermont and Brown should be altered (a step necessary to be done to keep the county-seat at Williamsburgh), and that, having good policy and justice in view, they decided for the permanent seat of justice a point on the public square easterly of lots 105 and 106, in New Richmond, where, in great solemnity and amid the hurrahs of the good people of that town, they drove and placed a stake as the proper place, in their opinion, for the centre of the front of the court-house, and thereupon selected lot 460, in said town of New Richmond, and near to the court-house, a lot, as a site for the jail, jailer's house, and such other buildings as might 'be necessary. These three wise men then pro ceeded to determine and assess the damages which the sev eral owners of lots or buildings in Williamsburgh would sustain in consequence of the removal of the seat of justice from their town ; in making which assessment, they in quired how much the value of the property of such persons would be reduced by the removal below its cash value, and did assess and find the said damage to amount to the sum of six thousand three hundred and sixty-seven dollars and fifty cents. They also took a bond from John Emerson and others interested in favor of the New Richmond site, so selected, with good and sufficient security in double the amount said damages assessed, and payable to tho county treasurer, conditioned for the payment of aforesaid damages in four years. They also took a deed of conveyance from Thomas Ashburn for said jail lot 460, and one hundred feet of the avenue, and also one from Jacob Light for other parts of the said public avenue, and likewise a bond from Thomas Morris and George C. Light for a future convey ance for part of lot 1 05 to thus complete the title of all of said avenue in fee-simple to Clermont County. They also received from Peter Turner and others a bond for erecting- a court-house and jail on the aforesaid sites for a seat of justice, or to furnish materials and labor towards public buildings to the amount of two thousand dollars, at the option of the county commissioners, and also to provide a plaee for holding courts in said county, and for a clerk's office free of rent for one year from July 4, 1823. These three men (honorable and good men though they were) were the recipients of a perfect storm of indignation from a vast majority of the people of the county, and which found vent in the public prints and memorials to the ensuing Legislature by the bushels. How the new county buildings progressed at New Rich mond is attested by the proceedings of the county commis sioners, at whose session on Nov. 10, 1823, the memorial of Peter Turner, David Dickinson, Daniel Light, and James Robb was received, setting forth that they had complied with their contract for the erection of public buildings and asking to be discharged from their bond ; but the commissioners, being satisfied that the parties aforesaid had not complied with the conditions of their bond in the erection of court-house, jail, and public offices of equal value of those at Williamsburgh, resolved that, inasmuch as the said parties have not completed the public buildings aforesaid agreeably to their bond, they cannot with propri ety be received at this time. This backset to the new county-seat at New Richmond was soon followed by an act of the Legislature, passed Feb. 24, 1824, making Batavia the shiretown of Clermont, and where over since the county-seat has remained. In the General Assembly that finally settled upon Batavia as the county-seat, the members from Clermont were Owen T. Fishback (senator) and William Williams (representative). The only terms of the Common Pleas Court held at New Richmond were the August and November terms of 1823, and the March term of 1824, and the first court held at Batavia, now the shiretown by legislative enactment, was a special one of two days, convened May 14, 1824, consist ing of Associate Judges Alexander Blair, John Pollock, and John Beatty, and which assembled at the Methodist Episcopal church (the old stone structure, still standing), and where all the courts continued to be held until the present court-house was fully completed. The first regular court in Batavia was at the July term of 1824, with Judge Joshua Collet as presiding judge. On Dec. 9, 1826, at a regular meeting of the Clermont County commissioners, consisting of Samuel Perin, John Boggers, and James Blackburn, Andrew Foote being au ditor and clerk of the board, it was determined to build a court-house in the town of Batavia. An order was then made that notice be given that the labor to be performed and the materials to be furnished necessary for the erection of said building be offered at public auction to the lowest bidder on the 11th day of January, 1827. At an adjourned meeting on the 30th of the same month, the board proceeded to the selection of a plan for building, agreeably to their de termination of their last meeting. On the next day they in vestigated further as to the cost and description of the contem plated house, and it was resolved that one of their number (Samuel Perin) procure at Cincinnati a complete draft of the most approved plan ; whereupon the honorable board ad journed until Jan. 5, 1827, for further proceedings. At the adjourned day the board received and accepted said plan, to wit: Said building to be of brick, erected on a foundation of stone, size of forty-five feet square, with a cupola or COUNTY BUILDINGS. 67 steeple annexed thereto, and finished in suitable style, agreeably to said draft. It was further resolved that Samuel Perin, taking to his aid John Charles (who, in 1805 to 1809, had built the Williamsburgh court-house) and such other assistance as he could obtain, should draw a profile and description of said building on or before the day of sale. On Jan. 11, 1827, the advertised day of sale to the lowest bidder, Ezekiel Dimmitt agreed to furnish all the materials, erect, finish, and complete the said court-house for the sum of three thousand four hundred and eighty-three dollars, and, no other person offering to do it for less, he became the purchaser and contractor, and went into a contract and bond for the faithful performance of this undertaking with Holly Raper, William A. White, Daniel Duckwall, and John Dimmitt, Jr., his securities, conditioned as the law directed, which was immediately approved by the commissioners. At the following March session of the board an advance ment of five hundred and eighty dollars and fifty cents was made to the builder as per agreement. At the June sitting of the board, with the consent of the Common Pleas Court, there was levied one mill on the dollar, to be exclusively appropriated to the court-house in process of erection, and a second advancement given to Ezekiel Dimmitt, the con tractor, of seven hundred dollars. At the September meeting the board, after inspecting the progress of the work, and with great satisfaction thereat, as its journals indicate, made a third allowance, of eight hundred dollars, to the builder, and also ordered John Jamieson to dig a well on the public square in pursuance of a contract, and further ordered a board fence to be constructed around two squares of the jail, such fence not to cost over twenty-six dollars. At the December session another order was given Mr. Dimmitt for five hundred and fifty-two dollars and fifty cents in part payment of the new temple of justice. At the April sitting of 1828 the board examined the progress and status of the tabernacle of law with feelings of great satisfaction at its most excellent condition, and at the succeeding June meeting made another order to the contractor for four hundred dollars, and again made a like allowance at the following September sitting. At the December session of the commissioners the balance, of fifty dollars, due Ezekiel Dimmitt was voted him. On " New Year's Day," 1829, the board met (no change had occurred in its members since the project was first started), and after a most thorough and minute examination of the edifice it was unanimously, and with proud satisfaction, decided that it had been constructed and completed by its maker according to the contract in every detail and letter of the agreement, and it was formally received as finished from him, and an order was voted the builder for three hundred and twenty-seven dollars and fifty-three and three- fourths cents in full of his account for extra work and extra materials furnished. Mr. Ezekiel Dimmitt lost money, some fifteen hundred dollars, on his contract, as he did an honest job and more than filled the stipulations of his bid, — too low for the splendid work he so honestly made for the county, — and the Legislature, by an act of Feb. 7, 1829, authorized the commissioners to settle and adjust his accounts iu that special enactment for his relief. At the March sitting of the board, in 1829, Mr. Dimmitt presented his accounts, in pursuance of the above-mentioned law, but the journal entry of the board states that, not producing satisfactory evidence as to the correctness of his said accounts, nothing was then allowed him, nor subsequently, owing to the ill- feeling produced in the neighborhoods of New Richmond and Williamsburgh on the location of it in Batavia. While the court-house is not aa imposing structure, and does not conform to modern style of architecture, it has ever been the testimony of all the judges who have held court in its sacred temple that in the matter (and the most essential and important requisition) of acoustics, and for ease to the speakers in the delivery of their arguments, it has no superior in the State. It has been the theatre of many hard-fought legal battles, its old walls have resounded with many able and eloquent speeches, but its full history cannot be written — its bygone scenes and incidents, its secret associations and deliberations — until the future his torian shall write the lives of the individual actors who have participated in the acts that have rendered it so famous in the county's history. A few years subsequently the two offiees now occupied by Judge S. F. Dowdney and his law partner, J. S. Par- rott, and by Col. William Howard and his son, John J. Howard, were built for the offices of the clerk and auditor ; and in 1842 and 1843 was erected, by James and Newton Carter, for the treasurer, the office next to the jail, and now occupied by Judge George L. Swing and his son, James B. Swing. Several years later was put up, by John Finley, the office now used (by R. J. Bancroft) — next to the court-house — -for special benefit of the clerk. These were called " Rat Row" in popular parlance, and were the regular county offices until the year 1864, when was com pleted the new " Public Building," on the public square and partly on the site of the old jail. The contract for erecting this was let out on March 25, 1863, and was awarded to Robert Haines (of New Rich mond) for four thousand three hundred and fifty dollars, who took the contract for furnishing the materials and doing and performing all the labor necessary for its erec tion. On November 4th, he was allowed fourteen hundred and fifty dollars; on Jan. 16, 1864, two thousand and thirty-six dollars and sixty-seven cents ; and on March 7th, six hundred dollars. This structure contains offices for probate judge, recorder, surveyor, clerk, auditor, and treas urer ; is of brick, two stories high, with a good cellar under the whole building, and, like the court-house, is on the pub lic square donated for public uses by the original proprie tors of the town, George Ely and David C. Bryan, as for merly dedicated in their plat of Oct. 24, 1814. The court-house was well repaired in May, 1879, its inside greatly beautified, and the old wooden fish weather vane, high above the cupola, replaced by a metallic arrow of modern style. JAILS— WHIPPING-POSTS— PERSONS WHIPPED ; WHEN AND BY WHOM. As heretofore stated, the first jail in the county was a log building, situated just between the log court-house and the log hotel, all really connected together and under one 68 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. roof, and built and owned by Thomas Morris. This was the jail legally made so in February — 4th Tuesday— of 1801, and so continued for some time, till the authorities built one — still of logs, but larger and stronger — on a site by itself; concerning which, the records and history are silent as to the precise time of its construction. It con tained at various times many luckless debtors, but its chief offenders were horse-thieves, — the terror of the early set tlers, and on whom the law had no mercy, and, like in all new countries, it was visited on them sternly and promptly, — with occasionally parties held for larceny, and sometimes for robbery or burglary. In front of this jail stood the whipping-post, or, rather, posts. Two sticks of oak about six inches square were planted about five feet apart, and projected the same dis tance from the earth. To the top of these the culprit was tied by the extended hands, while the " cat-o'-nine-tails'' was applied on his naked back with cruel vigor. There several unhappy offenders satisfied the majesty of the law for misdeeds of the body, principally horse-stealing, the most heinous of crimes in early days. At the October term of Common Pleas Court, in 1808, John Clark, for stealing a horse of John Gaskins, was found guilty, and sentenced to be whipped twenty-five stripes on his naked back that afternoon at three o'clock ; pay said Gaskins fifty dollars (the value of his horse), also a fine of ten dollars and costs ; to be imprisoned three days in jail, and not to be let out till the restitution, fine, and costs were all paid. On the same day this same culprit, John Clark, for stealing a bell of Conrad Hersh, was sen tenced to be whipped with five stripes, make restitution to said Hersh of the value of the bell (one dollar), pay a fine of one dollar, and be imprisoned twenty-four hours, and not to be released till restitution-money, fine, and costs were fully settled. On same-day Mordecai S. Ford, who in 1801 bought, in Washington township, some seventy-five acres of land from Philip Buckner, was up before the court for steal ing a horse from James Johnson. He was found guilty, and sentenced to pay said Johnson, the owner of the stolen horse, twenty dollars as restitution, pay a fine of ten dollars and costs, be imprisoned three days, and not discharged till restitution-money, fine, and costs were all paid, and be whipped twenty-five stripes on his naked back that after noon at three o'clock. A big day's work in court, — three trials and three convictions, with two public whippings in the afternoon as early as three o'clock ; but justice did not sleep on horse-thieves. The hour came, and Sheriff Levi Rogers — or rather his deputy and court constable, the stout and quick William Stout — administered the two judicial whippings, to the complete satisfaction of the court, bar, public officials, town- people, and, in short, all save the two downcast and back- sore offenders. John Clark took the other five stripes for purloining the bell the next week, and soon after Ford died between Felicity and Calvary meeting-house, in the grave yard of which he was the first person interred. Three men, Brown, Ferguson (both flogged by Sheriff Oliver Lindsey), and another man, name unknown, were tied to the whipping-post and whipped, being all non-residents and all guilty of the same then terrible crime of horse-stealin"-. After Brown was whipped he said, in a spirit of braggado cio, that he was a much better man than the sheriff or any of the spectators, and no one felt like disputing the asser tion. At one time two horse-thieves, named Killwell and Joseph Knott, were confined in this old log jail, when Killwell slipped off his handcuffs and fled. Pursuit being instituted-, he changed his appearance as much as possible in a success ful disguise, and joined in the effort to recapture him, ask ing the people, in his going through the sparsely-settled country, whether they had seen anything of or heard of the whereabouts of the notorious outlaw and horse-thief, Kill- well, and succeeded, by his coolness and daring, in escaping for good, and excelling " Dick Turpin" for his bold ef frontery. Joseph Knott, tried for horse-stealing, escaped thus: When the jury returned their verdict, '' Joseph Knott, (not) guilty," his attorney exclaimed, " Joseph, not guilty ! Put, Joseph !" and before the court recovered itself or the sheriff had collected his wits, Joseph had " put" for the woods, and escaped for that time, but was afterwards shot on Stonelick by the infuriated citizens in a posse who had suffered from his continual depredations. In that jail an unoffending man, a traveler and a stranger, was once confined for long weary months through the mach inations of wicked parties, and his misfortune destroyed his reason, and when released he was a raving lunatic, and so died. This man, whose name was Sharton, came from Kentucky, was looking over the country to purchase lands, and stopped at the Stockton tavern, where were wont to congregate the usual loafers and tough customers of the new frontier town. It always, in their opinion, being in order to drink, they asked the stranger to join them. He declined to do so ; whereupon they said, '' It will cost you the drink-money anyhow ;" whereupon he started to go out of the room, when he was followed by the assembled roughs, and, to defend himself, stooped down to pick up a rock. His assailants also picked up rocks, and, hurling them at the fleeing aud frightened man, struck a Mr. Smith, who was coming up the street, severely injuring him. The rowdies then charged the stranger with having inflicted the wound and caused him to be lodged in jail. For a number of days no complaint was made against him, and brooding over his troubles caused his reason to weaken, and finally to fail altogether. His brother came over from Kentucky and took him home to that State, but he never fully recov ered from the shock his nervous system had received, and wasted away, a hopeless and broken-minded man. A German, imprisoned in the jail for some trivial offense, in its midnight gloom calmly adjusted his fate, and in the morning was found hanging, — dead. By using some loose boards he was enabled to suspend himself from tbe joists, and thus the life of the rashly-unfortunate man — far from his native land, and held for some alleged light offense — went out into eternity, and, according to an ancient custom handed down as traditional law, his body was sacrilegiously buried in the forks of the cross-roads near the town of Williamsburgh. This old jail had become an eyesore to the authorities from its inefficiency, the many prisoners escaping therefrom JAILS. 69 and the heavy costs of guards to keep with safety its in mates, and the many and continued sums expended in locks, irons, and other articles for the safekeeping of offenders. Therefore, at the March term, 1809, of the commissioners, they resolved to build a new one, of stone, and to advertise its sale to the lowest bidder on the 10th of April ensuing, at which date the sale was adjourned to the June meeting, then again to October 17th, when its erection was sold to John Charles for two thousand nine hundred and eighty- six dollars, who gave bond and security for its building. On March 5, 1810, seven hundred and ninety-five dollars and thirty-three and one-third cents was allowed John Charles on his jail contract ; in June, sixty-three dollars and thirty- one cents; in September, seventy two dollars and ninety- three cents', in December, one hundred and eighty dollars and seventy-seven and one-third cents ; in April, 1811, five hundred dollars ; in September, one hundred dollars ; and on Dec. 3, 1811, two hundred and thirty-nine dollars and thirty-three and one-third cents, — being in all two thou sand and twenty -seven dollars and eighty- nine cents. The balance to make up the contract price was paid along at different periods to sundry parties on orders from the con tractor for materials, labor, and the like. So the jail was finished iu two years from its beginning, and in time for the important December term of 1811. There was another whipping by judicial decree in the old jail not yet mentioned by us. One William Thomas, at the August term of the Common Pleas. 1810, was found guilty of horse-stealing, although ably defended by his at torney, David C. Bryan, who tried to get a new trial, but which was refused. The court then asked the prisoner if he had anything to say why sentence should not be pronounced against him ; and, having nothing to offer, the court said, " William Thomas, it is your sentence that at seven o'clock to-morrow morning you receive seventy-five stripes on your naked back, pay a fine of five hundred dollars and costs of prosecution, and be imprisoned twenty days." The record shows that next morning the jolly sheriff, Oliver Lindsey (lately inducted into office), administered the judicial flagel lation and charged it up promptly in his fees, which the county had to pay, as the execution against Thomas was re turned " nulla bona" but a sore and stiff back. The new jail was finished iu December, 1811, and the first man whipped by order of court in its yard was one James Lewis, who on the 7th — four days after the new jail was opened — was found guilty of an assault with intent to murder, by a jury composed of the following then well- known citizens : William Megrue, John Ross, James Mc Call, Jesse Fee, Samuel Wardlow, George Little, John Kite, William Ross, James Ralston, Stephen Medaris, Wil liam Judd, and Allen Woods. All the -eloquence and in genuity of Thomas Morris could not get the prisoner a new trial or arrest of judgment, and the prisoner, James Lewis, was sentenced to be whipped at four o'clock that afternoon on his naked back with fifty stripes save one, be imprisoned in the common jail of the county sixty-five days, pay a fine of five hundred dollars and the costs of prosecution. Sheriff Lindsey attended to this flogging, and well, too, for Lewis was the most notorious criminal in the State, — a regular outlaw. But before giving the whipping Lewis was tried on another indictment for robbing Michael Weaver of six hundred and seventy-five dollars and eighty cents in silver coin, and was found guilty ; for which the court, John Thompson presiding judge, sentenced him to receive thirty-nine stripes saving one on his naked back at four o'clock Monday evening three weeks, pay a fine of five thousand dollars, be imprisoned two months, pay costs of prosecution, aud make restitution to Michael Weaver of the six hundred and seventy-five dollars and eighty cents stolen from him. It will be seen how merciful Judge Thompson was in letting three weeks and a few days elapse after the first flogging before the second was administered. But the fellow Lewis richly deserved his fate : he attempted murder and committed a heavy robbery. It is not known that he ever paid his fine, the largest ever assessed in the county, nor can it be learned what became of the hardened offender, Lewis, on his discharge from jail. The county commissioners, at their session in December, 1825, resolved that it was necessary to erect a county jail in Batavia, and therefore ordered a notice to be published in the Western Patriot, printed in Batavia by Z. Colby & Co., that on Jan. 2, 1826, they would sell out to the lowest bid der its construction. Therefore, on Jan. 2, 1826, agreeably to the aforesaid advertisement and resolution, the sale took place ; whereupon Ezekiel Dimmitt offered to build it for nine hundred and forty-nine dollars, and no persou appear ing and offering to construct it for a less sum, it was struck off to him, and he entered into a bond, with John Mitchell and Daniel Duckwall as securities, for the faithful compli ance of his contract. This jail was on that part of the public square cornering on the alley, and now occupied by the county treasury, and was completed on Jan. 12, 1827 ; on which day, on application of Ezekiel Dimmitt, its builder, the commissioners proceeded to an examination of the same, and found the contractor was entitled to receive, for extra work thereon, after deductions for omissions and bad work manship, the sum of twenty-four dollars, sixty-four and one- half cents ; whereupon they received it, and ordered the auditor to draw an order on the county treasury in his favor for that amount, together with a balance of the original contract of one hundred and twenty dollars and seventy-two cents, in full discharge of the said contract for the erection of the first jail in Batavia. The county commissioners, seeing the necessity for a new jail, — one that would meet the demands of justice in size and safety for the accommodation of the prisoners, — at their June session in 1836, resolved to erect one and to sell out to the lowest bidder, on July 7th, the excavating and erect ing of its foundations, the excavation to be sold by the cubic yard and the masonry by the perch. On July 7th the ex cavation was sold to Benjamin R. Hopkins for ten cents per cubic yard, and on the 16th the laying of the foundation (the sale having been adjourned from the 7th) was sold to John W. Robirson at six dollars and seventy-five cents per perch of twenty-four and three-fourths cubic feet per perch. The commissioners, with the assistance of the well-known surveyor, John Hill (who was allowed seventy-five cents for his services), on July 22d laid off the foundation for the proposed jail on the site of the present one. August 16th the bonds of Hopkins aud Robinson, the contractors, were 70 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. presented and approved for the faithful compliance with their agreements, and it was ordered that the sale of the erection of the jail-building be sold out at public vendue on the 16th of September ; on which day it was continued over to the next, when it was struck off to the lowest and best bidder, Brice K. Blair, at two thousand three hundred and ninety-nine dollars ; whereupon John W. Robinson came forward as the person for whom the bid was actually made, and he, together with Robert McFarland, Samuel Maham, and Daniel Kidd, entered into a bond, payable to the State of Ohio for the use of Clermont County in the penal sum of four thousand six hundred and one dollars and ninety-eight cents, fpr the faithful construction of said jail on or before Dec. 25, 1837, agreeable to the conditions of said sale and specifications placed on file. William Curry was allowed three dollars for crying the above sale, and Benjamin R. Hopkins five dollars and fifty cents for remov ing dirt from the foundation of the jail. October 14th the commissioners received the foundation of the jail from the contractor, John W. Robinson. June 7, 1837, the commissioners settled with John W. Robinson for the erection of the foundation of the jail, which was found to contain one hundred and forty-three perch and seventeen feet, at six dollars and seventy-five cents per perch, equal to nine hundred and sixty-nine dollars and eighty-eight cents, which was allowed him. October 20th the board examined and inspected the progress of the work in the erection of the jail, and gave sundry directions. April 21, 1838, the commissioners received the jail from its builder, John W. Robinson, having found it completed according to contract, and gave him an order for two thousand three hundred and ninety-nine dollars, the stipu lated contract price, and canceled his bond. Edward Fra- zier, elected sheriff the previous October, now assumed con trol of the new jail, — a worthy and safe structure for those days. On June 6th the old brick jail building, with ten feet of ground on its south and ten on its east, was leased to Thomas J. Buchanan fyr a term of twenty years at an an nual rental of thirty-five dollars, and Thomas S. Bryan for crying the sale or lease was allowed one dollar. In March, 1841, Mr. Buchanan released and relinquished to the county forever all his right and title to the old jail and lot for fifty dollars, thus giving up his lease. While Edward Frazier was sheriff, the jail having burned down in the spring of 1841, the commissioners on June 18, 1841, began arrangements for the erection of a new one, and on July 1st completed their plan. On July 24, 1841, the building of the new jail was sold out to William H. Robinson and Alexander Stark, the lowest bidders, for thirteen hundred and ninety-four dollars, who gave bond in two thousand dollars for compliance with the contract in the rebuilding of the burned jail, the foundations and part of the old jail building being preserved and in tolerably good condition. The contract, by alteration, called for the side walls of the building to be built up two thicknesses of a brick above the tops of the upper joists, with wall plates and four girders, the fire-walls to be the same height above the roof that they were in the old building ; in considera tion of which alteration, made on August 21st, the builders were to be granted an additional twenty-five dollars. Jan. 10, 1842, the rebuilt jail was received, and the contractors allowed fourteen dollars for extra work not stated in the original contract or subsequent alterations. Michael Cowen, elected sheriff the previous October, was the first sheriff to occupy the rebuilt jail, which, with various improvements and repairs, has remained the common jail to this day. The experience of thirty years, as shown from the many escapes, has demonstrated that it is insecure, and its location poorly adapted to secure prison discipline, as its inmates have too free communication with persons ou the streets, which enables them to plan to secure their liberty. THE INFIRMARIES— WHEN BOUGHT OR BUILT, AND THEIR SUPERINTENDENTS. Up to July 21, 1854, there was no county infirmary, at which date the then commissioners, Benjamin Brown, Henry Chapman, and Andrew J. Thompson, purchased for four thousand three hundred and twenty dollars, of Jacob and Henry G. Duckwall, their farm of one hundred and eight acres, in Batavia township, on the Williamsburgh turnpike, in Gray's survey, No. 1116, and about one and a half miles east from the court-house. This farm had a large and long two-story brick building, in which the pau pers from the different townships were collected and placed under charge of Andrew J. Sherman, its first superintend ent, who was succeeded the next year by James Wilson. This was a splendid farm, but the accommodations of the building were insufficient to meet the required wants in comfort, health, and safety ; hence the authorities in two years began to look about for better quarters. On Sept. 1, 1856, Reader W. Clarke entered into a contract with the commissioners, Holly R. Perine, William P. Daughters, and A. F. Morrison, whereby he agreed to sell to the county one hundred and twenty acres on the east fork, just above Townsley's mill, a mile from Batavia, for eight thou sand four hundred dollars, and take in part payment, to the amount of four thousand one hundred dollars, the infirmary farm then occupied by the county, which was to pay him four thousand three hundred dollars cash to boot, — one-half January 1st, and the remainder Nov. 1, 1857, with per mission to the county to retain possession of the old infirm ary place till Dec. 1, 1857. Clarke's deed to the commis sioners for the one hundred and twenty acres aforesaid was executed Oct. 26, 1856, when the commissioners in turn conveyed their one hundred and eight acres to him. The county now had a most eligible site, but no build ings ; and at the October election of 1856 the question of building a new infirmary on the lands purchased of Clarke was submitted to a vote, but, owing to the animosities en gendered by the sale to and purchase from Clarke, largely influenced by political feeling, the proposition was voted down, the vote standing,— yea, 1595; nay, 1716; not voting, 2015. Still, under the then existing laws, the commissioners had the power to construct buildings for in firmary purposes, not to exceed five thousand dollars in cost, without submitting it to a vote of the electors. There fore, on Dec. 11, 1856, the board entered into an agree ment with George A. Miller, of Cincinnati, who for four thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine dollars agreed to COUNTY OFFICERS. 71 build the proposed infirmary buildings according to the specifications and plans of the architects, Rankin and Ham ilton, of Cincinnati, and to be finished and completed by Dec. 1, 1857. Miller was to receive five hundred dollars as soon as he gave bond, one thousand dollars when the first tier of joists was laid in said building (built of brick), five hundred dollars when the second tier was laid, five hundred when the third tier was put in, five hundred dollars when the roof was finished, one thousand dollars when the plastering was finished, and the remainder of the contract price in thirty days after the commissioners were satisfied the building had been completed in full compliance with the stipulated contract. Dec. 10, 1857, the commissioners examined the infirmary building, and declared it completed according to the original agreement, received the same from its contractor, canceled his bond, and settled in full for the balance due him. In 1867 the necessity arose for building a house on the infirmary grounds for insane people, and an order was made that sealed proposals would be received for the construction of a brick asylum till noon on June 27th, when the follow ing bids were opened: Edwin House and Theodore Nichols, for seven thousand nine hundred and ninety dollars ; Syl vester Binkley, for seven thousand eight hundred dollars ; Tice & Hannold, for nine thousand eight hundred dollars; John B. Wheeler, for seven thousand four hundred and ninety dollars; and William Hawkins, for seven thousand dbllars ; and to the latter was awarded the contract, who entered into a written agreement in regard to all particulars of said building and its materials, and gave bond to the satisfaction of the Board, and who in January, 1868, had it finished ; on the 24th day of which month he received thirteen hundred and ninety-five dollars in full payment of the balance due him on the contract. The annual report of the infirmary directors made in December, 1856, shows the entire outlay and expenses for all purposes of the infirmary for that year to have been nineteen hundred and thirty-two dollars and twenty-two cents, being the second on the first infirmary farm. In the summer of 1877 the infirmary, including the asylum building for insane persons, caught fire and burned down just after its inmates had finished their dinner, and has never been rebuilt to this day. The county received seven thousand eight hundred dollars as insurance money from the iEtna Insurance Company, in which, fortunately, the authorities had all their public buildings insured. The commissioners immediately built temporary frame buildings in the bottom of the infirmary farm, on the road, which are in use at this date, and a standing disgrace to the county. The commissioners submitted a proposition to the electors at the October election in 1877 to build a new infirmary, but, not having stated the amount required, the project was voted down by a small majority. The following are the superintendents of the infirmary since December, 1857, when the building was finished on the east fork, on the land bought of R. W. Clarke : In December, 1857, and till March, 1858, Samuel Bicking, who had been a few months in the old one as superin tendent; March, 1858-61, Eben McGrew; 1861-64, John Fowler; 1864-65, B. F. Acra; 1865-68, William J. Rust; 1868-72, Rev. Joseph D. Hatfield; 1872-78, Benjamin F. Acra; and 1878 to present time, Zebulon Dickinson, the present efficient incumbent. This institution has generally been well conducted, and with humane efforts for the comforts of its inmates as far as its limited accommodations in buildings would permit. CHAPTER X. COUNTY OFFICERS OTHER THAN THOSE IMME DIATELY CONNECTED "WITH THE JUDICIARY. COMMISSIONERS. The First General Assembly of the Northwest Terri tory, at its first session, at Cincinnati, Sept. 16, 1799, passed an act on December 19th providing that in every county in the Territory a board of commissioners, composed of three able, respectable, and discreet freeholders living in said county should be appointed in the following manner : The justices of the Court of Quarter Sessions, in their respective counties, at the next term of said court after the first day of January annually, should appoint three commissioners, as aforesaid, the first named on the list to serve for one year, the second for two years, and the third for three years; and that said justices should at tbe same term in every year nominate and appoint one new commissioner to supply the place of the outgoing officer, as aforesaid. The Second General Assembly of Ohio, which was held at Chillieothe, and began its first session on Dec. 5, 1803, created the first boards of county commissioners under the new State gov ernment by an act passed Feb. 13, 1804, providing that the first election for the same should be held on the first Mon day in April succeeding, and that the officers thus elected should at their first meeting determine by lot for what time they should severally continue in office ; one whereof should continue until the first annual October election, one until the annual October election next succeeding, and one until the annual October election next following. The justices of the Court of Quarter Sessions at their first regular term, on the fourth Tuesday of February, 1801, made their appointments, and the first elected as commis sioners were at the election on the first Monday in April, 1804, and the following is a list of those appointed or elected, with place of residence, dates of appointment or election, and the time in years or months of their service : 1801. — Amos Smith, Williamsburgh township, six months. Samuel Armstrong, Williamsburgh township, six months. John Wood, Washington township, two years and nine months. Amos Ellis, Pleasant township, one year. 1802. — Ambrose Ranson, Miami township, two years and three months. Samuel Ellis, Pleasant township, one year and three months. 1803. — George Conrad, Miami township, one year and three months. Amos Ellis, Pleasant township, three months. 1804. — Amos Ellis, Pleasant township, three months. Robert Townsley, Ohio township, six months. George Conrad, Miami township, one year and six months. Amos Smith, Williamsburgh, two years and six months. Amos Ellis, Pleasant township, three years. * 1805. — William S. Jump, Washington township, three years. 1806. — Amos Smith, Williamsburgh township, three years. 72 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. 1807. — Amos Ellis, Pleasant township, three years. 1808.— Henry Chapman, Pleasant township, three years. 1809. — Amos Smith, Williamsburgh township, three years. 1810. — Amos Ellis, Pleasant township, three years. 1811. — Gideon Minor, Washington township, three years. 1812. — Amos Smith, Williamsburgh township, two years. 1813. — Levi Pigman, Washington township, three years. 1814. — Gideon Minor, Washington township, two years. Amos Ellis, Pleasant township, one year. 1815. — John Shaw, Ohio township, three years. 1816. — Levi Pigman, Washington township, three years. Amos Ellis, Pleasant township, one year. 1817. — Andrew Foote, Williamsburgh township, three years. 1818. — Shadrach Lane, Union township, three years. 1819. — Levi Pigman, Washington township, two years. 1820. — George J. Troutwine, Tate township, three years. 1821. — John McWilliams, Goshen township, one year. 1821. — Shadrach Lane, Union township, two years. 1822. — Daniel Kain, Williamsburgh township, three years. 1823. — James Blackburn, Tate township, three years. John Boggess, Tate township, one year. 1824. — John Boggess, Tate township, three years. 1825. — Samuel Perin, Miami township, three years. 1820. — James Blackburn, Tate township, three years. 1827. — John Boggess, Tate township, three years. 1828. — Samuel Perin, Miami township, two years. 1829. — David White, Ohio township, three years. 1830. — Zebina Williams, Stonelick township, six months. John Randall, Goshen township, three years. 1830-31. — Samuel Hill, Stonelick township, three years and six months. 1832. — Robert Donham, Ohio township, three years. 1833. — Dowty Utter, Washington township, two years. 1834. — Samuel Hill, Stonelick township, two years and six months. 1835. — Robert Donham, Ohio township, three years. 1835-36. — Abram Teetor, Goshen township, four years. 1837. — William Roudebush, Stonelick township, three years and six months. 1838. — David Moreton, Washington township, three years. 1839. — Robert Temple, Union township, three years. 1840. — William Roudebush, Stonelick township, three years. 1841. — David Moreton, Washington township, three years. 1842. — Robert Temple, Union township, three years. 1843. — Abram Teetor, Goshen township, three years. 1844. — Jonathan Johnson, Batavia township, three years. 1845. — John G. Gilfillen, Washington township, three years. 1846. — Peter Anderson, Stonelick township, three years. 1847. — Jonathan Johnson, Batavia township, three years. 1848. — Henry Chapman, Franklin township, three years. 1849. — Peter Anderson, Stonelick township, three years. 1850. — Thomas Hitch, Batavia township, three years. 1851. — Henry Chapman, Franklin township, three years. 1852. — Benjamin Brown, Goshen township, three years. 1853. — Andrew J. Thompson, Union township, three years. 1854. — John Conner, Ohio township, one year. 1855. — William P. Daughters, Washington township, two years. . A. F. Morrison, Wayne township, three years. 1856. — Holly R. Perrine, Williamsburgh township, three years. 1857. — William Shaw, Monroe township, three years. 1858. — Joseph P. Molen, Franklin township, three years. 1859. — Francis J. Roudebush, Stonelick township, three years. 1860. — William Shaw, Monroe township, three years. 1861. — Peter M. Snell, Williamsburgh township, three years. 1862. — Francis J. Roudebush, Stonelick township, three years. 1863. — William Hawkins, Ohio township, three years. 1864. — Silas R. Hutchinson, Miami township, three years. 1865. — Joseph P. Molen, Franklin township, three years. 1866. — Charles Burkhardt, Ohio township, three years. 1867.— Joseph Trump, Goshen township, two years and three months. 1868. — John J. Snider, Washington township, three years. 1869. — Charles Burkhardt, Ohio township, three years. Peter Anderson, Stonelick township, nine months. 1870. — FranSls X. luen, Stonelick township, three years. 1871. — John J. Snider, Washington township, three years. 1872. — Samuel B. Smith, Tate township, three years. 1873. — Francis X. luen, Stonelick township, three years. 1874. — Thomas Hodges, Monroe township, three years. 1875. — Samuel B. Smith, Tate township, three years. 1876.- — J. V. Christy, Jackson township, three years. 1877. — Thomas Hodges, Monroe township, three years. 1878. — Michael R. Rybolt, Miami township, three years. 1879. — J. V. Christy, Jackson township, three years. COUNTY TREASURERS. Under the territorial government, by act of Dec. 19, 1799, the county treasurers were appointed by the Gover nor, but under the State government, by an act passed April 16, 1803, they were selected by the associate judges, and continued thus to be chosen till the second Monday in June, 1804, when, by the act passed on February 13th preceding, they were appointed by the county commission ers up to the law of Jan. 24, 1827, which made the office an elective one and abolished the office of county collector, who till then had collected all the taxes, and thus making the treasurership previously a simple disbursing institution. The treasurers appointed by the Governor, associate judges, and commissioners served for a term of one year, and those elected were for two years. 1801. — Amos Smith,Williamsburgh township, one year and six months. 1802. — Roger W. Waring, Williamsburgh township, six months. 1803-19. — Nicholas Sinks, Williamsburgh township, seventeen years. 1820-26. — John Kain, Williamsburgh township, seven years. 1827. — John W. Robinson, Batavia township, two years. 1829. — Thomas Kain, Batavia township, two years. 1831-33. — John W. Robinson, Batavia township, four years. _ 1835. — Daniel Buckwall, Batavia township, two years. 1837. — John W. Robinson, Batavia township, two years. 1839-41. — William Thomas, Batavia township, four years. 1843-45. — Moses Elston, Union township, four years. 1847-49. — Abram Teetor, Goshen township, four years. 1851-53. — John Ellsbery, Tate township, four years. 1855. — Alexander Glenn, Tate township, two years. 1857. — Benjamin Archer, Pieree township, two years. 1859. — Shadrach Dial, Batavia township, two years. 1861. — Darlington E. Fee, Franklin township, two years. 1863. — Elbridge G. Ricker, Pierce township, two years. 1865. — Darlington E. Fee, Franklin township, two years. 1867-69. — Jonathan R. Corbly, Ohio township, three years. 1871. — Alfred N. Robinson, Miami township, one year. Joseph Bicking, Batavia township, two years. 1873-75.— Alfred N. Robinson, Miami township, three years. 1877.— W. F. Roudebush, Batavia township, one year. Joseph Bicking, Batavia township, two years. 1879. — E. J. Donham, Ohio township, two years. COUNTY COLLECTORS. Up to the year 1827 the taxes were collected by collectors, the county treasurer being simply an officer having charge of the funds for safekeeping, and of disbursing them on the proper orders of the lawful authorities. Under the terri torial government, and to the year 1806 under the State . government, the sheriff was the collector in every county, when provision was made for county or township collectors, to be annually appointed by the commissioners, who in Clermont County appointed township collectors — one for each — until, in the year 1814, they began appointing county collectors, who generally had a deputy in each township, who in many cases was the township lister. 1802.— Peter Light, Williamsburgh township. 1803. — John Boude, Pleasant township. 1804-5. — Daniel Kain, Williamsburgh township. 1814. — Joseph Wells, Tate township. COUNTY OFFICERS. 73 1815.— Elijah T. Penn, Washington township. 1816. — Amos Ellis, Pleasant township. 1817. — Shadrach Lane, Union township. 1818. — John Earhart, Williamsburgh township. 1819. — Lemuel Stephenson, Washington township. 1820.- — John Earhart, Williamsburgh- township. 1821. — Elijah T. Penn, Washington township. 1822. — John Beatty, Goshen township. 1823-24. — Robert Tweed, Williamsburgh township. 1825. — Thomas Kain, Williamsburgh township. 1826.— Silas Hutchinson, Miami township. RECORDERS. The deeds, mortgages, leases, patents, surveys, powers of attorney, and other instruments affecting titles were re corded by the cleric of Common Pleas Court, acting as ex- officio recorder, by acts passed June 18, 1795, under terri torial, and April 16, 1803, under the State, government, and so continued till the laws enacted Feb. 11, 1829, and Feb. 25, 1831 ; under which the sole and separate office of re corder was established, and in this county the first recorder was elected in October, 1832. 1832-38. — Benjamin Morris, Tate township, nine years. 1841-44. — EdmOnd Spence, Miami township, six years. 1847-50. — Learner B. Leeds, Batavia township, six years. 1853-56. — Henry V. Kerr, Williamsburgh township, six years. 1859-62. — William B. C. Stirling, Pierce township, six years. 1865. — Jacob P. Clark, Pierce township, three years. 1868-71. — Royal J. Bancroft, Franklin township, six years. 1874-77.— Marcell us A. Wood, Washington township, six years. AUDITORS. This office was created by an act passed Feb. 2, 1821, making the office an appointive one by the commissioners till the law passed Feb. 23, 1824, which defined the duties of this office and made it elective. Before the creation of the office the commissioners made out the tax duplicates, and sometimes had a clerk to assist them, either of their own number or some other person. 1821-26. — Andrew Foote, Williamsburgh township, seven years. 1828. — Alexander Herring, Jr., Batavia township, one year and nine months. 1830. — John McWilliams, Goshen township, three months. 1831-33. — Samuel Medary, Batavia township, three years and six months. 1833. — Jacob Medary, Batavia township, six months. 1835. — James Ferguson, Monroe township, two years. 1837. — John Beatty, Goshen township, two years. 1839-44. — Joshua H. Dial, Union township, six years. 1845-48. — John Ferguson, Pierce township, four years. 1849-51. — Charles M. Smith, Batavia township, four years. 1853. — Noble M. Preble, Ohio township, two years. 1855. — Moses S. Dimmitt, Franklin township, two years. 1857. — David C. Bryan, Batavia township, two years. 1859-61. — Noble M. Preble, Ohio township, four years. 1863. — Harris Smethurst, Miami township, two years. 1865-67. — William Nichols, Batavia township, four years. 1869-72. — Alonzo M. Dimmitt, Batavia township, four years and eight months. 1874-76. — Charles J. Harrison, Stonelick township, four years. 1878. — M. J. W. Holter, Batavia township, three years. SURVEYORS. • This office was created by an act passed April 15, 1803, authorizing the Common Pleas Court to appoint some quali fied person to fill it, and was an appointive position till the passage of the law of March 1, 1831, making it elective 10 triennially; and in pursuance of which, the first election was held on the second Tuesday of October, 1834, after John Boggess' term under judicial appointment had ex pired. 1804. — Peter Light, Williamsburgh township, ten years. 1814. — George C. Light, Ohio township, five years. 1819-29. — John Boggess, Tate township, fifteen years. 1834-40. — Squire Frazee, Washington township, nine years. 1843-46. — William S. McClean, Williamsburgh township, six years. 1849-52. — James C. Moore, Monroe township, six years. 1855. — Thomas W. Rathbone, Pierce township, three years. 1858-61. — George W. Felter, Batavia township, six years. 1864. — Christopher W. Page, Washington township, three years. 1867. — George W. Felter, Batavia township, three years. 1S70-73. — Napoleon B. Ross, Monroe township, six years. 1876. — Charles S. Miller, Union township, two years and three months. 1878. — Homer McLean, Williamsburgh township, nine months. 1879. — John Ayer, Union township, three years. There was no county surveyor under the territorial gov ernment, and those appointed were for a term of five years, till 1834. CORONERS. Under the territorial government acts were passed, Dec. 21, 1788, and July 16, 1795, creating the office of coroner and defining his duties ; and under the first Constitution of Ohio, adopted in convention on Nov. 29, 1802, this and the sheriff's office were the only two county offices especially recognized, and both were made elective. 1804-6. — Jeremiah Beck, Williamsburgh and Tate townships, three years. 1807. — James Kain, Williamsburgh township, one year. 1S08. — Allen Wood, Pleasant township, two years. 1810-12. — Jeremiah Beck, Tate township, four years. 1814. — Samuel Lowe, Williamsburgh township, two years. 1816. — Samuel Shaw, Williamsburgh township, two years. 1818-20. — Thomas Kain, Williamsburgh township, four years. 1822. — Daniel Everhart, Williamsburgh township, two years. 1824. — Robert Tweed, Williamsburgh township, two years. 1826-30. — Moses Dimmitt, Batavia township, five years. 1831. — Jacob Hewitt, Tate township, two years. 1833. — Jacob Stroman, Batavia township, two years. 1835. — Isaac Potter, Batavia township, two years. 1837-39. — Joseph Wyatt, Monroe township, four years. 1841. — Hiram Simonton, Miami township, two years. 1843. — John Page, Washington township, two years. 1845-51. — Andrew Buchanan, Washington township, eight years. 1853. — John Phillips, Washington township, two years. 1855. — Edward Hughes, Washington township, two years. 1857-61. — Joshua Sims, Ohio township, six years. 1863. — Pannel T. Cox, Washington township, two years. 1865. — Dr. Adolph Shroen, Ohio township, one year. 1866. — J. A. Perrine, Tate township, two years. 1868. — William B. Fitzpatrick, Union township, two years. 1870-75. — John B. Fleming, Ohio township, six years. 1876-78. — Elijah V. Downs, Washington township, four years. INFIRMARY DIRECTORS. Under the act of the Legislature passed March 5, 1842, providing that where a poor-house had been provided and completed for the reception of the poor, and the commis sioners deemed it right and proper, the management of the same should be placed under a board of infirmary directors prior to the then next annual election, the Clermont commissioners, on July 21, 1854. appointed a board of in firmary directors, who organized and immediately took con trol of the infirmary aud general care of the poor. 74 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. 1854. — Henry Winder, Tate township, three months. Lewis Terwilliger, Goshen township, three months. Peter S. Jones, Union township, one year and three months. Edward Sinks, Williamsburgh township, two years. Jacob Ebersole, Pierce township, three years. 1855. — Dr. A. V. H. Hopkins, Batavia township, three years. 1856. — Thomas W. Abernathy, Jackson township, one year and six months. 1857. — Elisha J. Emery, Miami township, 2 years. Peter M. Snell, Williamsburgh township, six months. 1858. — Thomas Marsh, Batavia township, one year. Dr. A. V. H. Hopkins, Pierce township, three years. 1859. — Hezekiah Mount, Batavia township, three years. John White, Batavia township, one year. 1860. — Moses Long, Stonelick township, three years. 1861. — Jonathan Johnson, Batavia township, three years. 1S62. — D. M. Hay, Batavia township, three years. 1863. — John Conner, Ohio township, three years. 1864. — Daniel Roudebush, Batavia township, three years. 1865. — Thomas Marsh, Batavia township, three years. 1866. — D. M. Hay, Batavia township, one year and six months 1867. — Joseph Bicking, Batavia township, six months. Peter Dean, Tate township, three years. 1868. — William Y. Potter, Miami township, one year. Thomas H. Phillips, Monroe township, three years. 1869. — William Y. Potter, Miami township, three years. 1870. — Benjamin Behymer, Pierce township, three years. 1871. — John White, Batavia township, three years. 1872. — Zebulon Dickinson, Wayne township, three years. 1873. — Benjamin Behymer, Pierco township, three years. 1874. — John White, Batavia township, three years. 1875. — Zebulon Dickinson, Wayne township, three years. 1876. — Meacom Gardner, Pierce township, three years. 1877. — John White, Batavia township, one year. A. R. Scott, Tate township, three years. 1878. — Benton Medary, Williamsburgh township, three years. 1879. — Samuel L. Witham, Union township, three years. LAND ASSESSORS AND MEMBERS OF THE STATE BOARD OF EQUALIZATION. In 1852, Clermont County was divided into four dis tricts, in each of which a land assessor was elected, whose business it was to view every piece of land in his territory and appraise or assess its actual cash value for taxation. The assessors elected were Ira Ferguson, for the district composed of Ohio (then including Pierce), Union, and Miami townships ; Richard Pemberton, for that of Tate, Williamsburgh, and Batavia; A. D. Fagin, for that of Monroe, Washington, and Franklin ; and J. M. Barr, for that of Wayne, Jackson, Stonelick, and Goshen. In 1860 the law provided for decennial appraisements of realty, and now began the election in each township of an assessor to value the lands, and the following were elected : Pierce, Joseph D. Hatfield; Tate, Richard Pemberton; Wayne William McKinney; Jackson, J. K. Hartman; Franklin, John Miller; Stonelick, Moses Long; Monroe, E. G. Brown- Ohio William B. Fitzpatrick; Washington, Jared Lemar; Williams burgh, S. G. Peterson ; Goshen, Lewis Terwilliger ; Union, John S. Jenkins; Batavia, Abram Miley; Miami, Elisha J. Emery. In 1870 the following land assessors were chosen : Batavia, Daniel Kidd; Williamsburgh, H. Hardin; Monroe L. D. Purkiser; Jackson, W. T. Hartman; Ohio, William B. Fitzpat rick ; Wayne, Charles Jones ; Union, Burroughs W. Teal ; Goshen N. F. Luckey ; Tate, Samuel Callen ; Washington, W. W. Man ning; Stonelick, Jacob Burns; Miami, A. M. Gatch; Franklin Enoch Reed ; Pierce, Nathaniel Temple. In 1880 the following were the land assessors (elected in October, 1879) : Batavia, Thomas Brown ; Williamsburgh, Joseph Jenkins ; Tate, W. W. Burk; Washington, Nathan S.Delano; Monroe, Abraham Bushman; Ohio, William B. Fitzpatrick; Pierce, Fernando C. Butler; Union, William Prickett ; Miami, H. P. Brown; Goshen, David R. Irwin; Wayne, Silas Muchmore; Stonelick, Hezekiah Hill; Jackson, William Hunter. The first State board of equalization, consisting of one member from each -Congressional district, elected by joint ballot of both Houses of the Legislature, assembled Dec. 17, 1825, and was in session until Feb. 3, 1826, John Bigger president. The member from the First District (Clermont and Hamilton) was Elijah Hayward, afterwards a judge of the Supreme Court, State librarian, and several years private secretary of President Jackson. In 1836, on January 26th, the next State board* met, and was in session three weeks, Samuel Caldwell president, and the member of the Fifth District (composed of Clermont, Adams, and Brown) was Benjamin Evans, of Brown County. On Jan. 25, 1841, the third board, consisting of one member from each senatorial district, appointed by the Governor, convened, and the member from Clermont was Thomas J. Buchanan. The session lasted twenty-nine days, David T. Disney president. The next State board met Oct. 26, 1846, with ex-Govornor Allen Trimble presi dent, and sat twenty-two days. The member from the Clermont and Brown senatorial district was James Loudon, of Georgetown. The next State board assembled Nov. 7, 1853, with James B. King, president, and on December 23d adjourned sine die. The member from the Clermont and Brown district was Andrew L. Powell, of Felicity. The next State board were in session in the winter of 1860 and 1861, and the member from Clermont and Brown senatorial district was Jesse Dugan, of Higginsport. The last State board convened on Nov. 7, 1870, and adjourned March 9, 1871, its president being William S. Groesbeck, of Cincinnati. This was a session of great importance to the real-estate owners of the State, and its action was marked by careful scrutiny into the valuations returned by the township and ward assessors. The member from Cler mont was William Roudebush, representing the Clermont and Brown senatorial district, who was one of its leading workers, and, being a large land-owner — the largest in Clermont — and a practical agriculturist, was enabled to have great influence with the board. Col. Roudebush's labors proved of incalculable importance and benefit to the property-holders and tax-payers of this county in not only preventing the board making additions to the valuations returned to them, but in causing a reduction of a million dollars on them. CHAPTER XI. COMMISSIONERS' EARLY PROCEEDINGS-ESTAB LISHING THE FIRST ROADS-BUILDING BRIDGES -HOW MATTERS -WERE MANAGED THREE- QUARTERS OF A CENTURY AGO. Under the State government, which went into operation in March, 1803, the board of county commissioners took the place of the justices' Court of Quarter Sessions in the management of the county's internal affairs, such as levy- COMMISSIONERS' EARLY PROCEEDINGS. 7o ing taxes, paying and allowing bills, establishment of roads, building of bridges, and, in short, all business pertaining properly to the county's domestic affairs not specially con fided to the township authorities. - The first meeting was held on the first Monday of June, 1804, at the house of Nicholas Sinks, in Williamsburgh, then the usual place of holding the Courts of Common Pleas in and for the county, and consisted of Robert Towns- ley, George Conrad, and Amos Smith, elected at a special election held in April previous. They appointed Roger W. Waring their clerk, and then determined by lot the time for which respectively they should continue in office, which resulted in fixing the term of Robert Townsley until the ensuing October annual election, that of George Conrad until the second succeeding annual election, and that of Amos Smith until the third annual election, to wit, in Oc tober, 1806. The commissioners at this session allowed William Perry, ex-sheriff, one hundred dollars payment in part of his con tract made with the associate judges for hauling stone to build a court-house in Williamsburgh, to be paid out of the money appropriated at August term of 1803 by the asso ciate judges for that purpose. Daniel Kain was allowed thirty-six and one-half dollars as deputy sheriff and jailer for diet, etc., furnished John Rowe one hundred and four teen days while in jail charged with murder, and for one tub and one padlock for the use of the jail ; Daniel Kidd, one dollar and fifty cents for killing an old panther on the 21st of October, 1803. Roger W. Waring, as clerk of Common Pleas Court, in cases where the State failed in prosecutions, where the criminals were insolvent, and for fees in establishment of three public highways, received twenty-four dollars and a half. John Dunham got three dollars and seventy-five cents for services as supervisor of part of Ohio township. Five dollars were appropriated to buy a book for their proceedings, and twelve and a half to Deputy Sheriff Daniel Kain for advertising William McKinnis, who was committed to jail on suspicion of horse stealing, and also for taking and guarding said McKinnis (on a writ of habeas corpus) from Williamsburgh to Leba non and attending the judge there. William Hughes bad killed an old wolf, Dec. 31, 1802, and was paid three dollars. The following supervisors were given allowances for services in charge of the highways: John MeMeans, of Miami township, for year 1802, eleven dollars and eighty-seven and one-half cents ; Edward Hall, of Pleasant, five dollars (Fielding Feagans, of same township, failed to get his bill for like services allowed) ; Ezekiel Dimmitt, of Ohio, three dollars and seventy-five cents. Thomas McFarland killed an old wolf on January 22, 1804, and was granted one dollar and fifty cents. The sheriff was appropriated twenty dollars, his annual allowance named by law in cases where the State failed in prosecution and when the criminals were insolvent. Peter Light, for keeping an estray horse given up to him by Joseph Jackson to sell while said Light was sheriff, and for selling said horse, — it appearing that the said Light had paid into the county treasury the whole amount for which said horse was sold, without retaining his fee (a thing never since heard of on the part of an official), — got three dollars. This was the entire doings of the first ses sion. Board again met July 23, 1804, and William Holmes was granted fourteen dollars and twenty-nine cents, the amount (deducting the treasurer's fees) which was paid into the county treasury by the sheriff for an estray horse sold to Jasper Shotwell, which turned out to be the property of said Holmes. Thomas Frost, supervisor of Miami, and Adam Snider, of Williamsburgh, were respectively paid four dollars and thirty-seven cents and ten dollars. There were granted to Henry Chapman for returning poll-book of Pleasant township, and Jeriah Wood that of Washington , one dollar each. They bought for five dollars a book to keep the accounts against the treasurer and collector, and made their settlement with Peter Light, collector of county taxes for the year 1802. There were allowed (at August session of 1804) to Ed ward Sopp, for killing an old wolf, Oct. 4, 1803, one dollar and fifty cents ; to Laben Ricords, for killing two wolves, Oct. 3, 1803, and to Alexander Buchanan, for killing two, Oct. 6, 1803, two dollars to each party. The associate judges were allowed for their services two dollars per day, and paid ; and, from the bills allowed, it seems the follow ing were the listers of lands and taxable property in the various townships : Williamsburgh, Daniel Kain ; Pleasant, William White; Ohio, Shadrach Lane; Miami, Joseph Brown ; Williamsburgh, Robert Diokey ; Ohio, David Kelly. Nicholas Sinks got twenty dollars for a year's rent of house in which to hold the courts. There were granted for killing wolves, — to Jacob Burget (on Feb. 12, 1804), one dollar and fifty cents ; Christian Shingle, for au old wolf, Nov. 8, 1803, one dollar and fifty cents ; William Stewart, one dollar and fifty cents ; John Mefford, <5ne killed Feb. 22, 1802, one dollar and fifty cents ; Archibald McLean, one killed Dec. 16, 1802; George Washburn, an old and vicious one, three dollars ; same for another on Feb. 16, 1804; John Lattimore, one killed Oct. 16, 1804, one dollar and fifty cents ; Peter Frybarger, one killed, Feb. 2, 1804, one dollar and fifty cents; and to Thomas Davis, for an old panther killed Aug. 1, 1804, and wolf July 30, three dollars. Daniel Kain was appointed collector of county taxes, and gave bonds, with James Kain and Samuel W. Davis as securities. Roger W. Waring made out three duplicates of the taxes on the lands of residents within the county, — one for the collector, one for the auditor of state, and one for commissioners, — and for all this work received forty- eight dollars. Joshua Collet, for services as prosecuting attorney for September term of 1803 in Supreme Court, got twelve dollars, and Martin Marshal, for like services at June term of Common Pleas, twenty dollars. There was given to Thomas E. Allen seven dollars and fifty-seven cents for conveying, guarding, etc. (all expenses included), John Rowe to jail, charged with the murder of Mary Malone. William Perry, late sheriff, presented a claim of sixty-four dollars and thirty-four cents, it being the amount of a judgment obtained against him by Stephen Frazer in an action for letting a certain Andrew Cotterell escape on mesne process, but said claim laid over. Nov. 5, 1804, — present, George Conrad, Amos Smith, and Amos Ellis, — the latter elected at October election vice Townsley, whose time had expired, — -John Shroof got 76 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. three dollars for an old panther killed; Henry Sumalt, same for two wolves ; John Anderson, for an old panther killed Nov. 19, 1804, one dollar and fifty cents ; and John White, for killing an old wolf, Nov. 14, 1803, one dollar and fifty cents ; John Erwin, for guarding William Magin- nis four nights in the jail, one dollar (twenty-five cents per night ; the guard probably slept with the prisoner) ; Robert Townsley took four dollars and a half for killing three old wolves. February session, 1805, Henry Zumalt, for killing an old wolf in 1805, Nicholas Prickett one in 1804, one dollar and a half each ; and the latter was allowed two dollars for killing two young ones in 1802. June term, 1805, Jacob Miller, for killing an old wolf, Nov. 1, 1804, got one dollar and a half. The rates of tavern licenses for ensuing year were established, to wit : " In Williamsburgh, eight dollars ; in Bethel, six dollars ; in White Haven, four dollars ; in Staunton (now Ripley), four dollars ; and all other taverns four dollars. The ferries were priced as follows : at Staunton (now Ripley), across the Ohio per annum, two dollars ; at Waters' ferry (now in Brown), four ; at Samuel Ellis' (now in Brown), above the mouth of White Oak, one dollar and a half; at White Haven, four dollars ; at Boud's and Bolander's, four dollars each ; at the mouth. of Bullskin, five dollars ; at Machir's ferry, two dollars ; at or within one mile of Twelve-Mile Creek, three dollars ; and at all other ferries that may be established across the Ohio River, two dollars. The rates were fixed, — to wit, the highest rates allowed by law on all the other waters within or bounden on this county, — for a foot person six and quarter cents, and the full amount to the extent of the law for all other ferriages. Joseph Wood, for killing one old wolf, Sept. 17, 1804, was allowed one dollar and a half. August term, 1805, Thomas Morris, for services as clerk of the election for sheriff, and as judge of the annual elec tion, was allowed one dollar. Edward Doughty, Stephen Parker, John Latimore, and Andrew Irwin were each al lowed one dollar for killing wolves, all killed in May, June, and July. The report of the viewers on the road from Deuhamstown to the mouth of Bullskin (viewers, Obed Denham, James South, John Boggess, and John Conrey, with Houton Clark as surveyor) was approved, and the road ordered opened. November term, 1805, William S. Jump now" appeared as commissioner, elected in place of George Conrad. Upon a petition of a number of inhabitants of the townships of Pleasant and Tate for viewers to view the way for a road leading from Waters' road and beginning at or near the still-house of Daniel Feagans, running from thence by or near Roney's mill, and from thence along the dividing ridge between White Oak and Bullskin Creeks, and to be continued on until it intersects Waters' road at or near the plantation of Aaron Leonard, it was ordered that Daniel Feagans, Fielding Feagans, and James Rounds (or any two of them) view the way as aforesaid, and Houton Clarke survey the same, aud that they make report thereof agree ably to law. On the proposed road beginning at the Indian Riffle on the Little Miami, and running from thence by Silas Hutchinson's to Wilson's mills, on the Obannon, it was ordered that Joseph Hutchinson, Theophilus Simonton, and John Davies be the viewers, and that Owen Todd make the survey. On the projected road from Williamsburgh by the plantations of William Hunter and Christopher Hart man, to intersect the State road near the latter's residence, William Lytle, William Hunter, and Robert Dickey were selected viewers, and R. W. Waring surveyor. On the road to be built from Denhamstown through the " Yankee Settlement" to Henry Zumalt's, on White Oak Creek, James Rounds, Robert Allen, and Houton Clarke were the viewers, the latter doing the surveying. One large lock and two padlocks, at a cost of thirty-two dollars, were purchased for the jail. David C. Bryan was allowed four dollars and fifty cents for surveying the new road from Williamsburgh to the county-line on a direction to West Union, the viewers of which were William Wardlow, Ramoth Bunting, and John Lytle ; chainmen, Roland Boyd, Samuel Wardlow ; and marker, Josiah Osborn ; which road was ordered estab lished. The bond of Levi Rogers, sheriff-elect, was received and approved, and contained the following securities, — Wil liam Smith, James Sargent, John Boultinghouse, Abraham Wood, James South, John Sargent, George Brown, Wil liam Buchanan, John Wood, and David Wood, all solid men of those days, — 1and was in the sum of four thousand dollars. Upon a list returned by Alexander Robb, a lister of Ohio township, of a stud-horse belonging to Jacob Light (which said Light refused to list agreeably to law), stating that said horse stood the season at the rate of three dollars, it was ordered that said Light be taxed with the said stud horse fourfold, amounting to twelve dollars, and that he be proceeded against for its immediate payment. The neces sity of laying before the public an account of the receipts and expenditures of the county since June, 1803, was agreed upon. The commissioners stipulated to pay their clerk fifteen dollars per annum, and ordered that all delin quent collectors appear before them by the first Tuesday of the coming January to square up their receipts and make exhibits of outstanding delinquencies. January term, 1806, R. W. Waring, the old clerk to the board, having resigned, Amos Ellis, one of the board, was elected in his place. Settled with the county treasurer, Nicholas Sinks ; found that he had properly accounted for all moneys received by him, and found a balance due him of eighty dollars and thirty-nine cents. Settled with Alex ander Robb and Benjamin Sharp, collectors of Ohio and Pleasant townships. Tavern licenses fixed as follows : In Williamsburgh, eight dollars ; in Bethel, four and one-half; and in all other parts of the county, four. Ferry licenses put at this schedule : At Waters', White Haven, Boude's, Bolander's, four dollars each; at Staunton, two ; at Sam Ellis', one and a half; at mouth of Bullskin, five; within one mile of Twelve-Mile Creek, three ; and at all other places that ferries may be established, two each. The fol lowing bounties were offered for the killing of wolves for the ensuing year ; for any wolf exceeding six months old, two dollars : and any under that age, one dollar. In pur suance of an act of the General Assembly, it was ordered that the township listers collect the State and county tax of 1806. June term, 1806, settled with Andrew Jackson, late col- COMMISSIONERS' EARLY PROCEEDINGS. 77 lector of Washington township, and resolved that the listers appear on the 30th and give security for their collections. Joshua Manning, for listing Washington township, received twenty dollars, Josiah Boothby eighteen for that of Tate, and Benjamin Sharp fifteen for that of Pleasant. William Fee was allowed twelve dollars and seventy-two cents for necessary irons purchased by him as county inspector. Oliver Lindsey listed Williamsburgh township, and got twenty dollars therefor ; and Joseph Bowman, Miami, for eighteen dollars. September term, 1806, allowed Henry Fitzpatrick and William Beasley each two dollars for killing a wolf, and to William Lytle, postmaster of Williamsburgh, two dollars and ten cents for postage on a duplicate of resident lands in the county for the year 1806 and a letter accompanying the same. Nicholas Sinks, John Erwin, Sr., and Samuel Howell were appointed viewers, and David C. Bryan sur veyor, on the proposed road from the court-house in Wil liamsburgh, crossing the east fork by or near the house where John Erwin, Sr., now lives ; thence on a northwesterly direction on the best ground until it intersects the road leading from the house of James Kain towards Chillicothe. On the proposed road beginning at Johns' mill, at or near the Ohio River, to the Little Miami, at John Smith's mill, John Vaneaton, William Robb, and William Whitaker were viewers, and John Hunter surveyor. An order was issued to the supervisors of Ohio township to open a road from the branch of Shalor's Run to the county-line. Chris tian Long and William McKinney took an order each for two dollars for killing a wolf, with which they paid their taxes. On the proposed road from the plantation of John P. Shinkle, at the four-mile tree, in the Boude's Ferry and Williamsburgh road, and to run intersecting the same road near the " Yankee Settlement," Samuel Rounds, John P. Shinkle, and Josiah Boothby were viewers, and John Boude surveyor ; and on the projected road from Boude's Ferry to intersect the Cincinnati road at the mouth of Bullskin Creek, Samuel Ellis, Robert Higgins, and Gabriel Aikins were viewers, and Joseph Wells surveyor. December term, 1806, there were allowed for killing wolves : Jesse Gold, an old one, two dollars ; Shadrach Tribble, an old one, two dollars ; Hugh Ferguson, an old one, two dollars; Charles Ramsey, two young ones, two dollars. There being objections to the report on the road from Johns' mill, on the Ohio, to John Smith's mill, on the Little Miami, John Donham, Robert Townsley, Jacob Whetstone, William Christy, and Peter Emery were ap pointed to review it and settle the matter. Samuel B. Kyle killed an old wolf, and took his two-dollar order. On the road wanted from Jacob Light's residence, on the Ohio River, thence to Daniel Light's saw-mill, thence the nearest and best way towards the " Round Bottom," John Don ham, William Bennett, and Rodom Morin were viewers, and Peter Light surveyor. John Boggess, Henry Cuppee, and Jacob Whinton were appointed viewers, and Houton Clarke surveyor, to view the road from the Ohio River opposite Stepstone to Bethel, also to view the way for a road the nearest and best way from Bethel, to intersect the Stepstone road near to Alexander Buchanan's, and to see if a nearer and better way from Buchanan's to Bethel can be had. On the road wanted from Bethel to John Har mon's, John Boggess, Walen Williams, and William Win ters were viewers, and Houton Clarke surveyor. For killing wolves, Samuel B. Kyle, William Glancy, James Fitzpat rick, and Stephen Calvin were each allowed two dollars. The bond of Jeremiah Beck, Jr., coroner-elect, was pre sented, being for two thousand dollars, with the following securities, — Kelly Burke and Sears Crane, — and the same approved. January term, 1807, as the reviewers on the road wanted from Johns' mill, on the Ohio, to John Smith's mill, on the Little Miami, reported the damages of Samuel B. Kyle to be two hundred and thirty dollars to his place, the board considered it too much to pay, and refused to build the road. Part of the Denhamstown road, from a branch of Shaylor's Run to Hamilton county-line, was vacated. The road from Williamsburgh to John Legate's farm by way of Thompson's mills was ordered to be surveyed by Josephus Waters, with John Mefford, Henry Chapman, and Jose phus Waters as viewers. Absalom Brooks received two dollars for killing a wolf. A road was asked from Tat- man's old road, at Henry Wise's improvement, till it inter sected the road at the c*ross-roads, and William Fee, Con rad Metzgar, and Benjamin Sells were viewers, and Joseph Wells surveyor. March term, 1807, Peter Light, Isaac Higby, and Jo seph Dole, as viewers, and the first named as surveyor, were ordered to view the way for a road from or neur the mouth of Clover Lick Creek to the mouth of Indian Creek. Upon a petition of a number of inhabitants of the town ships of Williamsburgh and Tate, praying that viewers might be appointed to view a way for a road beginning near the house of Dr. Allison, from thence up the east fork, passing near the house of George Ely, thence the nearest and best way to the house of John Collins, thence passing near McCollum's and Higby's saw-mill on the nearest and best ground until it intersects the road leading from Williamsburgh to the mouth of Twelve-Mile Creek, Ezekiel Dimmitt, Jacob Sly, and Daniel Husong were chosen viewers, and David C. Bryan surveyor. (This is the old, and partly the present, road from Stonelick vid Batavia to Bantam.) On the road wished from Isaac Higby's mill to " Goshen meeting-house," Peter Light, Shadrach Tribble, and Absalom Brooks were viewers, with the first named as surveyor. June term, 1807, a road was desired from Williamsburgh to intersect the Cincinnati road at " Two-Mile Tree," with D. C. Bryan, Daniel Kidd, and Adam Snider as viewers, the first to make the survey. Henry Dunn was allowed two dollars for killing a wolf, and James Dunn four dollars for killing two wolves. Ferry licenses were regulated, to wit: At White Haven, Boud's, Bolander's, each three dollars ; at mouth of Bullskin, four ; at all other places on the Ohio, two ; and at any ferries that are or may be established on the Little Miami, or any others of the waters in the county, one dollar and fifty cents. Tavern licenses were scheduled, to wit : In Williamsburgh seven, and at all other places four, dollars. The bounties on wolves were fixed same as previous year. For killing five young wolves, John Mitchell got five dollars ; Enoch Gest for killing one HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. one dollar ; and Thomas Allen for killing an old one that had seriously disturbed the settlements, two dollars. Lewis township (now in Brown) was organized, extending from the east end of Washington township, of which it was a part, to Bullskin Creek. John Rowe, who was in jail for alleged murdering of Mary Malone, had escaped, and two dollars were allowed to Nicholas Sinks for taking an ex press to Cincinnati to the printer's to get posters struck of poor John's escape. August term, 1807, Shadrach Tribble, for killing one old and two young wolves, was allowed four dollars ; Jacob Ulrey, for three young ones, three dollars ; James Whit- aker, an old one, two dollars ; and Edward Doughty and John Miller, the same each. September term, 1807, for killing wolves, William Boyd- ston and Thomas John received two dollars each ; also James Waits. On the proposed road from the mouth of the middle fork of Bullskin towards Bethel, Nathan Tat- man, William Judd, and Joseph Wells were chosen viewers, — the latter to make the survey. Settled with Nicholas Sinks, county treasurer, and found five hundred and five dollars and twenty-seven cents in the treasurer's hands all right. An order was issued to tlft supervisors of Tate and Washington townships to open a road from Bethel to or near Alexander Buchanan's, opposite the mouth of Stepstone. Nicholas Sinks, county treasurer, gave bond in sum of three thousand dollars, with William Hunter and Robert Townsley as securities. John Arnold and others, for stand ing guard at the prison, were allowed three dollars. December term, 1807, a road was wanted beginning on the State road near Bullskin, through the settlements on Bear Creek and Indian Creek, crossing the latter at Brown's mill, till it intersected the State road at Witham's Settle ment, and William Barkley, David Colglazer, and John Reeves were appointed viewers, and Joseph Jackson sur veyor. On the road wished from Bethel to Jacob Light's, on the Ohio River, Rhodam Morin, Stephen Frazee, and Houton Clarke were selected as viewers, the latter to do the surveying. For killing wolves there were allowed : Hatley Sapp, two dollars ; Shadrach Tribble, four ; Samuel Doughty, two ; Libbeus Day, one ; Jacob Ulrey, two ; Joseph Moore, two ; John Crist, John Wray, two. January term, 1808, Samuel English (who was the fifer in Col. Lewis Cass' regiment in the war of 1812, aud died in Chilo, of this county, in 1865), for guarding the jail over Caldwell and Handley from December 24th to January 29th, was allowed thirty-nine dollars and thirty-seven cents. March term, 1808, Ezekiel Howard, John Weeks, and Moses Wood were each allowed two dollars for killing an old wolf. Levi Rogers, being re-elected sheriff, gave bond in the sum of four thousand dollars, with the follow ing securities: John White, Henry Willis, Jeremiah Beck, Jr., and William South. Shadrach Tribble, Thomas Pat terson, and Michael Cowley each got two dollars for killino- an old wolf; Jeremiah Beck, coroner, was allowed four dollars and ten cents for services in holding an inquest (the first of record in the county) on the body of a dead child alleged to have been killed by Jane Hamilton. John Wardlaw, for killing an old wolf, got two dollars. May term, 1808, for killing wolves, there were allowed to William Hartman two dollars ; Joseph Glancy, same ; Jacob Burget, four dollars ; William Glone, same. June term, 1808, Moses Wood killed an old wolf, and got two dollars. Tavern licenses fixed for the year: In Williamsburgh, eight dollars ; in Bethel, six ; and at all other points, four. A road was wanted from Ferguson's ferry towards Deerfield, by way of Dr. Allison's ; Shadrach Lane, Abel Denham, and James Townsley were the viewers, the latter to make the survey. On the proposed road from Zachariah Chapman's, on the State road from Holley's mill through the " Apple Settlement" till it intersected the county road near Mr. Fairchild's, on the east fork, Nicholas Pricket, Henry Davis, and Joseph Shaylor were the viewers, and Daniel F. Barney the surveyor. William Wardlow and Fielding Feagans, each for killing two old wolves, received four dollars, and Jacob and Aaron Burget, for killing an old one, got two dollars apiece. On the proposed altera tion of the Williamsburgh aud Newtown road, beginning where the Denhamstown road forked near Nathan Sutton's, and from thence to the Hamilton county-line, John Day, Peter Emery, and Samuel Lane were the viewers, and Jame* Townsley surveyor. Ferry licenses for ensuing year were fixed as follows : At Waters' or Keuek's, White Haven, three dollars ; Boude's, Bolander's, at mouth of Bullskin, four dollars; at all other places on the Ohio where ferries may be established, two dollars ; and at any ferry on the Little Miami, or other waters in the county, one dollar and a half. The rates of bounties on wolves were scheduled as year before. James Perine was allowed twelve dollars, and Thomas Foster a like sum, for guarding the jail over Caleb Wright for twelve days, and Joseph Haines four dollars for iron-work done for the confinement of prisoners. August term, 1808, David Brunk and Thomas Patter son received two dollars each for killing an old wolf. The associate judges, Philip Gatch, John Morris, and Ambrose Ransom, were each allowed six dollars for a three days' called court in cases of John Clark and Mordecai S. Ford. (The latter was convicted of horse-stealing, and publicly whipped therefor by the sheriff; he died shortly after, and was the first man buried in the Calvary Graveyard, in Washington township.) John Graham and Samuel Glenn, for guarding jail, got a dollar each; also Josiah Osborn and James Wilson, for like services, five dollars each. Horse-thieves gave the authorities great trouble, as we find Amos Smith got one dollar and seventy-five cents for iron work to secure the prisoners in jail. Sheriff Oliver Lind sey received twelve dollars and sixty-two cents for diet for Handley, Clark, and Ford at one time, four dollars and seventy-two cents at another, and a dollar for cleaning the jail. Most of these horse-thieves were transient persons, but Mordecai S. Ford owned a farm in the Buchanan Set tlement. September term, 1808, Timothy Rariden, for killing five young wolves near New Richmond, received five dollars. Ezekiel Ball, for apprehending and delivering to the jailer of this county agreeably to the advertisement of the sheriff the bodies of Mordecai S. Ford and John Clark, seventy- three dollars ; so it appeared, after all the guarding, night and day, of the jail, its inmates escaped and put the au- COMMISSIONERS' EARLY PROCEEDINGS. 79 thorities to great annoyance and costs. On the proposed road beginning where the Cincinnati road crosses Shaylor's Run, so as to intersect the State road two and a half miles eastward of Moses Broadwell's place, Ezekiel Dimmitt, Peter Emery, and James Townsley were viewers, — the latter to make the survey, — who were likewise to view the way for a road from the " Nine-Mile Tree," on the Cincin nati road, to intersect the same three-fourths of a mile dis tant. It was petitioned to build a road beginning in the State road leading from tho Little Miami to West Union, near where the Denhamstown road takes off near the " Witham's Settlement," and from thence as near as the trace as was then traveled would admit, until it intersected the State road leading from Cincinnati to Chillicothe, and Jacob Teal, Daniel Kirgan, and Daniel F. Barney were the viewers, the latter to do the surveying. For killing wolves there were paid to John Warren, two dollars; Nicholas Prickett, four ; and John Bridges, two. John Earhart, for repairing jail, got one dollar ; and Samuel English, for guarding the jail nine days and nights, nine dollars, and for securing the prisoners Clark and Ford in the jail, two dol lars and twenty-five cents. On the proposed road, begin ning at or near Samuel Ellis', on the road from Williams burgh to Twelve-Mile Creek, and the road leading from Williamsburgh to Bullskin, the viewers were Joseph Dole, Samuel Nelson, and Thomas Page, and Alexander Blair the surveyor. There was paid James Willson, for guarding the jail over Ford and Clark, twelve dollars, and Amos Smith, for irons made to secure Mordecai S. Ford in the jail, ten dollars. Settled with the county treasurer, and found him indebted to tbe county in sum of one hundred and fifty-three dollars and fifty-nine cents. October term, 1808, Enoch Gest, for killing an old wolf, received two dollars. Clark township (now in Brown County) was organized, and extended from Washington, Tate, and Lewis townships to the Highland and Adams county-lines. John Charles furnished nine benches for jury-rooms and fixed two jail windows, and was paid nine dollars. An order was issued to Richard Hall, Ezekiel Leming, and David Roudebush to view a way for a road from Milford to intersect the road leading from William Smalley's mill, on Todd's Fork, Conduce Gatch to make the survey. Stephen Smith and others, for guarding the jail the night of October 13th, three dollars and fifty cents. John Dennis got two dollars and twenty cents for under pinning the jail and repairing irons to secure the prisoners. Stephen Smith and others guarded the jail the night of the 20th, and were paid therefor the sum of three dollars and fifty cents. For extra guarding of jail, Jacob Ulrey re ceived twenty-five cents, and Josiah Osborn two dollars. December term, 1808, Henry Chapman (of Pleasant , township) appeared as commissioner in place of William S. Jump, whose term had expired. For killing wolves there were paid William Fletcher, two dollars ; Joseph Calvin, same sum ; Charles Johnston, same sum ; John Gest, same sum ; James Waits, same sum ; George Sheke, same sum ; Shadrach Tribble, same sum ; Joseph Moore, six dollars (for three old ones) ; William Fletcher, four dollars (two old ones) ; Vincent Wood, two dollars ; Thomas South, same sum ; and Josiah Prickett, same sum. February term, 1809, there were allowed for wolf-killing, Ichabod Willis and Peter Waits, each two dollars. March term, 1809, for wolf-killing there were paid John Bridges, four dollars ; John Godfrey, same sum ; Daniel South and Robert Wright, each two dollars. To view the amendment to the road leading from mouth of Bullskin to Cincinnati, near Stout's, or between there and Twelve-Mile, Alexander Buchanan, Hugh Ferguson, and Rhodam Morin were appointed viewers, and Philip Nichols the surveyor. June term, 1809, Allen Wood, coroner-elect, presented his bond in the sum of two thousand dollars, with Nathan Woods, John Arnold, and John Davis as securities ; same was approved and ordered to be recorded. Stephen Smith, for repairing jail, received one dollar and a half. Tavern licenses for ensuing year were priced, to wit : At Williams burgh, eight dollars ; Bethel and Milford, six ; and at all other points, four. Ferry licenses were put as follows : At mouth of Red Oak (now in Brown County), Waters', Samuel Ellis', White Haven, and Bolander's, three dollars ; at Boude's, six; at Bullskin, four ; at all other ferries that may be established on the Ohio, two dollars ; and at all points on Little Miami or other waters in the county, one dollar and fifty cents. Same bounties as before continued on wolves, — that is, two dollars for wolves over six months old, and one for those under that age. For killing wolves there were paid John Hall, Christian Long, Benjamin Fisher, two dollars each ; Hugh -Ferguson, eight dollars ; and James Fee, and Greenberry Lakin, one dollar each. On the proposed road from Danby's mill to intersect the Williamsburgh and Twelve-Mile road where it crosses the east fork, nearly opposite Clover Lick Creek, the viewers were William Johnston, George Higby, and Isaac Higby, with David C. Bryan as surveyor. September term, 1809, for killing wolves there were paid : John Morris, one dollar; Andrew Frybarger, one dollar; Joseph Moore, two dollars. On the proposed road from Har- ner's Run, in Miami township, across the mill ford to Stonelick, the viewers were Richard Hall, Josiah Prickett, and William Glone, and Zachariah Tolliver the surveyor. John Kain and John Boyd, for guarding jail over John Mureat, June court, received two dollars. Settled with Nicholas Sinks, county treasurer, and found the county indebted to him one hundred and twenty dollars and fifty- seven cents. October term, 1809, James Garland, for killing an old wolf, got two dollars. On the road wanted in Miami town ship from Christian Waldsmith's mill up Harner's Run to the school-house (the first school-house mentioned in Cler mont records), past Jacob Long's, crossing the Williamsburgh road to " the Widow Roudebush's," the viewers were Rich ard Frazee, Andrew Shederly, and Robert Hewitt, and Con duce Gatch the surveyor. John Charles fixed the fireplaces in the court-house and whitewashed its walls for seven dollars. November term, 1809, paid Dunhem McCoy eight and one-half dollars for guarding the jail over James Black, and eight dollars to Adam Snider for like services. Oliver Lindsey, sheriff, elected at the October election, presented his official bond in the penal sum of four thousand dollars, with the following securities, — Thomas Paxton, Samuel 80 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Bayed, and T. S. Foote, — which was duly approved, and Thomas Morris, of Bethel, then one of the Supreme judges of the State of Ohio, administered to the new sheriff the solemn oath of office, being the only official act on record of Judge Morris, who was the next winter (two months after) legislated out of office. December term, 1809, the board appointed Daniel Kain its clerk. For killing wolves there were paid : John Bridges, four dollars ; John Hamilton, two ; Theophilus Simonton, two ; John Gest, six ; Peter Fronk, one ; Charles Baum, one ; Joab Woodruff, two ; James Henderson, two ; Jacob Frazee, two ; Charles Waits, two ; Jacob Waits, two. February term, 1810, Levi Rogers having in the summer of 1809 resigned his office of sheriff, the coroner, Allen Wood, filled out the remaining six months of his term, and for extra services was paid twenty dollars. March term, 1810, for killing wolves there were paid: James Ellis, two dollars ; John Osborn, same ; John Bridges, same. On the proposed road from Williamsburgh to the " salt-works," on the east fork, occupied by Peter Wilson, there were appointed as viewers Daniel Kain, Ra- moth Bunting, and Charles Waits (the great wolf-killer and hunter), with David C. Bryan as surveyor. June term, 1810, for wolf-killing there were paid : Peter Harden, two dollars ; William Davis, five ; William Glone, six ; William Smith, two ; John Waits (panther),' two. On the road wanted beginning near Thomas Robinson's, on the State road, near the east fork, leading down said stream past Samuel Fountain's and " Major Shaylor's," and continued on to the county-line near the " Round Bottom mills," the viewers appointed were Jacob Teal, Jacob Voorhies, and Jacob Whetstone (three Jacobs), with Daniel F. Barney as surveyor. August term, 1810, for killing wolves Timothy Raridin got six dollars for six young ones, and two dollars for an old one. John Earhart made the clerk of the court a book case for twelve dollars, and John Boyd, for iron-work to confine the prisoners in jail, received thirteen dollars and sixty cents. September term, 1810, on the proposed road beginning at John Troy's, on " Stone Run," passing Townsley's and McCIelland's mill to the " Deerfield road," the- viewers were Conrad Harsh, Robert Lane, and Samuel Kilbreath, with James Townsley as surveyor. To view the way for a road beginning at '-old Mr. Apple's lane," thence by " Stony Run," past Richard Doughty's and Charles Rob inson's, to intersect the Denhamstown road, the viewers were Richard Doughty, Joseph Dole, Ezekiel Dimmitt, with James Townsley as surveyor. Joseph Lemino-, for killing an old wolf, received two dollars, and R. W. Warino- OJ clerk, for extra services in a called court on cases of Jane Hamilton, William Thomas, Yanger Prickett, etc., received fifteen dollars and eighty cents. David C. Bryan, road com missioner on the road leading from the county-line between the counties of Highland and Clermont, and from thence to Milford, was paid fifty-three dollars and seventy-four cents. November term, 1810, Oliver Lindsey, sheriff, for takino- and victualing Wm. Thomas in jail, got twenty-six dollars and for sundry service iu furnishing firewood, candles etc. at Supreme Court session, three dollars. December term, 1810, on the proposed road from where Apple's road intersects the State road until it intersects the road from Clover Lick Creek to the mouth of Indian Creek, between the six- and seven-mile tree, crossing Twelve-Mile Creek near Jacob Fisher's, the viewers were Nathan Morgan, George Brown, and Joseph Dole, and Joseph Jackson the surveyor. For the road reached from " three forks of Nine-Mile Creek" to William Reece's, the viewers were John Dunham, Isaiah Ferguson, and Rhodam Morin, with Philip Nichols as surveyor. Benja min Hess (afterwards the notorious counterfeiter of Bear Creek) was paid two dollars for killing an old wolf. On the road prayed for from near Henry Fitzpatrick's, near the mouth of Ten-Mile Creek, and up same till' it inter sects the Williamsburgh road, the viewers were Shadrach Dial, Joseph Dole, and Joseph Jackson, the latter acting as surveyor also. March term, 1811, James Kain was allowed two dollars for use of a room, with fires, for the board. Joseph Cal vin, for killing three old wolves, was paid six dollars. April term, 1811, John Earhart, for making two boxes for the jury-ballots (?), was paid a dollar and a half. June term, 1811, on the proposed road beginning at or near Samuel Beck's, passing Kelly Burk's mill, to intersect the road leading from Williamsburgh to the mouth of " Big Indian Creek," the viewers were John Boggess, Thomas West, and Joseph Jackson, the latter to make the survey. On the road wanted from mouth of Stonelick through " Glancy's Lane" and by Joseph Moore's, and up Stone lick as far as " McKinney's old improvement," the viewers were William Glancy, Josiah Prickett, and Joseph Moore, with Zachariah Talliafero as surveyor. Settled with county treasurer Nicholas Sinks, and found him indebted to the county three hundred and seventy-two dollars and fifteen cents. The board appropriated thirty-five dollars for the purpose of building a bridge across a branch of " Clover Lick Creek," on the State road, between George and Peter Light's, under the superintendence of George Light, which was the first bridge built in Clermont by the county au thorities, as the records indicate. Tavern licenses for fol lowing year were thus rated: at Williamsburgh, eight dollars; at Bethel and Milford, five; at all other points, four. Ferry licenses were priced, to wit: at Red Oak, Sell's, three dollars ; at Samuel Ellis', two ; at Boude's, five; at Bullskin, four; at all other places, if established on the Ohio, two dollars; and at all places on the Little Miami, one dollar and a half. Daniel Kain was appointed to procure a half-bushel agreeable to the act " Entitled an Act for Regulating Measures." September term, 1811, on the projected road from Bethel passing through the plantation of Okey Vanosdol and by Levi and Benjamin Tingley's " tan-yard" (the first noted on the county records), thence near a school-house (the second noted on the county records), by John Ross' to the east side of Thomas Davis', the viewers were Jeremiah Beck, Jr., John Morris, and Thomas West, with John Bogges as surveyor. On the road wanted from Williamsburgh past John Charles' mill, on Stonelick, to intersect the road lead ing from Todd's Fork to Milford, the viewers were Josiah Prickett, John Kain, and Hugh Dickey, with COMMISSIONERS' EARLY PROCEEDINGS. 81 James Townsley as the surveyor. On the road wished from " Nevillesville" up the river-bottom to " Willow Creek," past James Sargent's mill, and still up the creek between Matthew Boner's and George Botts', by " Hope well Meeting-House," until on a dividing-line of survey northeast it intersects the State road leading from the mouth of Bullskin to the county-seat at Williamsburgh, the viewers were Jonathan Taylor, Joseph McKibben, and Alexander Buchanan, with James Sargent as surveyor. The foregoing were also ordered to view the way for a road from " Nevillesville" so as to intersect the Stepstone road near Andrew Buchanan's. For the alteration of the road from Milford to " Smalley's mill" the viewers appointed were Joseph Bowman, Alexander Hughey, and Andrew Erwin. December term, 1811, appeared Gideon Minor, com missioner elected at tbe October election in place of Henry Chapman, whose term had expired. James 0. Flint's bill of sixty-four dollars and thirty-seven and a half cents for repairing the court-house was allowed. The report of the viewers — Frederick Epport, Edward Chapman, and Joseph Behymer — on the alteration of the Williamsburgh road through the lands of Joseph Fagin was confirmed. James Ralston, as court bailiff for April term, was allowed two dollars and a half, and William Shearer, for like services at the succeeding term, six dollars. John Kain, for appre hending Theophilus Case, was paid three dollars. March term, 1812, William Fee, for procuring the neces sary " branding-irons," agreeably to the direction of the court, to' be used by him as inspector, was allowed nineteen dollars, and James Herbert, jailer, for boarding David Fer guson ninety-four days in jail, received twenty-three dollars and fifty cents. On the proposed road beginning near the mouth of Indian Creek, thence up the same, passing ': Abram's mill," thence near John Lowe's plantation, by that of John Klingler, and between Stephen Frazee and Peter McClain', and passing Thomas Carter, to intersect the county road near Kelly Burk's mill, Thomas Marsh, John Boggess, and John Lowe were the viewers, with Boggess as surveyor. On the proposed Toad from Nevilles ville up Willow Creek, William Fee, Peter Hastings, George Botts, Erasmus Prather, and Zadock Watson filed their statement that they would thereby be greatly injured ; the following were appointed to assess their damages : Joseph Wells, David Miller, and Stephen Bolander. Samuel Howell, for furnishing a blanket for Graham in jail, was paid one dollar and seventy-five cents. The duplicate this year showed as follows : First-rate lands 3,501i acres. Second-rate lands 126,501 " Third-rate lands 46,053i " Amount of taxes in county $1659.164 Isaac Foster, constable, for attending on the traverse jury at the December term, was allowed two dollars and twenty- five cents. The board believing that James Lewis, con fined in the jail, is an unworthy burden to the county, therefore it is ordered that the sheriff discharge him. April term, 1812, the bond of Sheriff Oliver Lindsey, re-elected, and in the sum of four thousand dollars, was presented, with the following securities, — Thomas Paxton, George Ely, John F. Strother, William Christy, and T. S. Foote, — and was approved. 11 June term, 1812, fourteen dollars and seventy-five cents was allowed jailer Herbert for boarding in jail Benjamin Legate and James Allen. On the application of Andrew Megrue to alter the road leading from Milford, passing Ranson's, and the road leading from Harner's Run to Stonelick, near " Captain Slone's," the following viewers were selected : Ambrose Ranson, Nathaniel Barber, and John Gest. On the Nevillesville and Willow Creek road the viewers gave Erasmus Prather five dollars damages, William Fee eleven dollars and sixty-two and one-half cents, Peter Hasting thirteen dollars and twenty-five cents, but awarded none to Zadock Watson or George Botts. Established tavern and ferry licenses at rates of previous year. August term, 1812, one dollar was allowed for board of Richard S. Sanburn in jail. December term, 1812, on the proposed road in Washing ton township beginning near Jacob Fisher's, where a road from the State road ends, passing by John Flack's planta tion, through Henry Cuppy's land and Thompson Gates, thence to " Gilbert's horse-mill," thence to intersect Man ning's and Minor's road, thence with said road to intersect the State road between William Watson's and the " Widow Harmon," William Thompson, David Smith, and Peter McClain were chosen viewers, and Joseph Jackson sur veyor. On the petition to turn the road leading from the " Middle Fork of Bullskin," the viewers were William S. Jump, David Miller, and Isaac Barkley. March term, 1813, on the alteration of the Neville road past " Hopewell Meeting-House," the viewers were John Prather, Hugh Larkin, and James Sargent. On the pro posed road in Washington township leading from or near William Winter's, thence to " Wiley's saw-mill," thence to " George Brown's mill," thence to intersect the road leading from the mouth of Big Indian Creek, near James Abrams, the viewers were John Manning, Thomas Fee, and Robert Brown, with Benjamin Penn as surveyor. On the road wanted from " Clark's mill," on Bullskin, till it intersected the Bolander road between Mark Day's and Michael Conley's, the viewers were Stephen Bolander, Wil liam Judd, and Allen B. Hughes, with the latter as sur veyor. The rates of lands for 1813 were as follows: Acres. First-rate lands 3,652 Second" " 131,973 Third " " 4S,927| Amount of taxes in county $1638.41 For boarding Samuel Henry one hundred days in jail there was allowed twenty-five dollars. The official bond of Jeremiah Beck as coroner was presented, being in amount two thousand dollars, with the following securities : Samuel Beek and James South. June term, 1813, the rates of tavern licenses and ferries were put as in two previous years. The following were the listers of taxable property in the county this year : Miami, Robert Hewitt; Union, Laban Brazier; Washington, Henry H. Evans; Williamsburgh, John Earhart; Ohio, Joseph Evans ; Tate, Samuel Beck ; Lewis, Reuben Ba ring; Pleasant, Benjamiu Griffin; Stonelick, John Whort- man ; Clark, Thomas Myers ; who were also appointed by the commissioners to collect the taxes. HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. July term, 1813, John McBeth, for surveying a road from " Widow Shinkle's" to " Chapman's mill," on White Oak, was allowed thirteen dollars and eighty cents. September term, 1813, on the proposed roads from Ne ville to mouth of Indian Creek, and one to the Ohio River at low water from the " Neville public square," the viewers were Hugh McKibben, Nathaniel Bouser, and Alexander Buchanan. On the projected Stonelick road, Levi Moore, John Fee, and Richard Marsh were chosen viewers, and Samuel Hill surveyor, to begin at John Moore's, at a road running from Townsley's mill to Richard Hall's, down " Brushy Fork," passing down Stonelick by Jonathan Smith's farm, thence to the foot of a hill by David Brunk's farm, there to intersect the Milford road. Samuel Shaw, jailer, for boarding Reuben Darrel, a prisoner, was allowed one dollar and seventy-five cents. Daniel Kain was ordered to raise the chimney on the court-house to prevent the fires from being dangerous, and to secure the floor in the clerk's office with sheet iron and a circular bar to prevent any con flagrations by fire. On the prayed-for roads,- — one from Bethel, to a branch that puts into " Poplar Creek" above " Obed Denham's mill-dam," thence down said branch to the creek, thence to " Denham's mill," one from the mouth of " Sugar-Tree Run" up to the State road leading from Williamsburgh to the mouth of Indian Creek, near the mouth of " Thomas Page's lane," and one to begin at Kelly Burk's mill, to intersect the first-mentioned road at Den ham's mill-dam, — the viewers were John Brown, William Brown, and William Smith, and John Boggess surveyor. October term, 1813, Levi Pigman, elected commissioner in place of Amos Smith, whose term had expired, appeared, and was sworn in. Foot & Tweed, for printing the expen ditures of the county for year ending June 13, 1813, were allowed six dollars. The following grand jurors were or dered to be paid each two dollars and twenty-five cents : Isaac Ellis, Daniel Light, Jesse Justice, Reuben Leacock, Benjamin Smith, Abraham Leming, Nathaniel Barber, Jesse Smith, Joshua Davis, Luther Crane, William White, John Morris, Andrew McGrue, and John McLeadder. The official bond of George Ely, sheriff, in sum of four thousand dollars, with Robert Townsley, John Townsley, Thomas Cade, and Oliver Lindsey as securities, was pre sented, approved, and recorded. . December term, 1813, prison-bounds of the jail for debtors were fixed. March term, 1814, fixed the license for ferries over the east fork at fifty cents, and the ferriage rates as follows : For man and horse in high water, twelve and a half cents ; for a foot-person, six and a quarter cents. Nicholas Sinks, for building a bridge (the second in the county) across " Little Stirling Creek," ten dollars. On the petition praying for an alteration of the road laid out from Augusta on a direction towards Franklinton (now part of Columbus, Ohio), to begin near "Three-Mile Tree," thence south on the ridge between White Oak and Bullskin, to intersect the Williamsburgh road near " First-Mile Tree," the viewers were Henry Thomas, Nathaniel Norris, and John Ross, and Joseph Wells surveyor. Jeremiah Beck, coroner, for inquest held on the body of John Edmonds, was allowed fifteen dollars aud ninety-three cents, — the second inquest on the county records. On the proposed road from near Zachariah Chapman's, on the north side of the east fork, thence, after intersecting Williamsburgh road, up " Fall Grape Run" to the southwest corner of Jonathan Clark's survey, passing Jones' survey, intersecting the Obannon road from Milford to Warren County, the viewers were Benjamin Collins, Michael Swing, and Andrew Megrue, and Thomas Gatch surveyor. For the year 1814 the lands were rated, to wit : Acres. First-rate lands 3,533 Second-rate lands 149,391£ Third-rate lands 48,189£ Amount, of taxes $1793.43 May term, 1814, for boarding Joseph Knott nine days in jail, there was allowed two dollars and twenty-five cents. June term, 1814, Nicholas Sinks, county treasurer, presented his official bond in the sum of three thousand dollars, with Jacob Huber and John Norris securities; ap proved and filed. Ferry licenses were rated for the year as follows : on the Ohio River, at Staunton (mouth of Red Oak), six dollars; at Sells', at Samuel Ellis', at Neville, three dollars ; at Boude's, eight dollars ; at Bullskin, four dollars ; at all others to be established, three dollars ; and at all places where ferries are or may be established on the Little Miami or east fork, two dollars. Tavern licenses were rated, to wit : In Williamsburgh and Bethel, eight dol lars ; and all other points, six dollars. Ordered the clerk to the board to make out the levy on the county duplicates at the rate of twelve cents for each horse (studs excepted) and four cents per head of cattle, and on stud-horses at the rate each stands at the season for one mare. September term, 1814, on the proposed road from the mouth of SugarTTree Run to the mouth of Boat Run,' on the Ohio River, the viewers were Joseph Doly, George Brown, and Josiah Kerns, and Joseph Jackson surveyor. On the road wanted beginning at Ezekiel Hutchinson's, thence until it intersects " Anderson's State road" at the east fork, the viewers chosen were Thomas S. Foote, Amos Smith, and George C. Light, the latter to act also as the surveyor. November term, 1814, five dollars were appropriated to pay the board of Wray and Case, prisoners in jail. December term, 1814, on the proposed road beginning near Duckwall's farm, about six miles from Williamsburgh, thence down the river-hill to the lower fork of the east fork, crossing from George Ely's farm, thence crossing the creek, and from the creek to intersect the road near the house of Joseph Gest, deceased, the viewers were Daniel Kidd, Abraham Hulick, and James Gest, with James Townsley as surveyor. On the wanted road from the mouth of Boat Run to the mouth of " Sugar-Camp Creek" the viewers chosen were John Collins, David White, and George Swing, — that is, to make the prayed-for alteration. March term, 1815, a road was desired from the Little Miami, opposite to " Wallsmith's tail-race," through the lands of William Salter, near said " Salter's warehouse," till it intersects the lands of Jonathan Megrue, so on through his and Andrew Megrue's lands to the line between said Me grue and Thomas Yates until it intersects the road from Milford. The viewers appointed were George Conrad, COMMISSIONERS' EARLY PROCEEDINGS. 83 Thomas Gatch, and Ambrose Ranson, Conduce Gatch to do the surveying. On the proposed alteration of the Augusta and Cincinnati road, as asked by Jacob and George Moyer and Jacob Nofgar, the following viewers were selected : David Hoover, Charles Baum, Jr., and Benjamin Sells. The lands of the county were voted as follows for the year : Acres. First-rate lands 3,574i Second-rate lands 157, 9S0 Third-rate lands 49,948 Amount of taxes $5264.39^ On the projected road from mouth of Nine-Mile Creek up said stream by " Johns' mill," and so on to " Perins' mill," thence to the Three Forks, thence up the " Blue Lick Branch," to intersect the Denhamstown road where the road commonly called " Nash's" crosses, Isaiah Fer guson, John Brazier, and John McKee were the view ers, and Daniel Bailiff the surveyor. A road was asked from the junction of the road leading from West Union to the mouth of Clough Creek, and the road leading from Wil liamsburgh to the mouth of Twelve-Mile, passing " Bethel Meeting-House," through the lands of John Collins and David White, crossing the east fork at " Slab Camp," thence on until it intersects the Deerfield road near Samuel May- ham, and John Collins, Daniel Kidd, and John Leeds were selected viewers, and Daniel Bailiff surveyor. On the prayed-for road from Kelly Burke's mill to and beyond the plantations of Solomon Wells and Aaron Wells, and there intersect the Bethel and Boude's Ferry road, the viewers were Gerard Parris, James South, and John Morris, with John Boggess as surveyor. August term, 1815, the jailer was allowed five dollars for boarding prisoners, — Isaac Hulings, Morgan Wray, Samuel Keely, and Thomas Eldridge. September term, 1815, on the proposed road beginning in the West Union road near James Downey's, to run in the direction of George Ely's on the east fork, and thereabouts intersect the Williamsburgh road, the viewers were Elijah Mattox, John Troy, and James Downey, with Daniel Bailiff as surveyor. On the road projected from Moses Broadwell's to tap the Denhamstown road, the viewers were Henry Apple, William Brunongin, and John Brazier, with Daniel Bailiff as surveyor. On the road from " Two-Mile Tree" on Cin cinnati road to " Beckleshymer's mill," the viewers were Jacob Slye, Frederick Eppert, and Pherochas Thomas, and James Townsley surveyor. On the proposed road from " the town of Batavia" (mentioned for the first time in the county records, except the record of its plat in recorder's office), thence down the east fork to " Townsley's mill," thence crossing the " mill-race" and through a lane between the farms of Ezekiel Dimmitt and Robert Townsley, to inter sect the Williamsburgh road near said Townsley's house, the viewers were Abraham Hulick, Jacob Vorhies, and Peter Emery, with James Townsley as surveyor. John Archerd, Everard Bettle, and David Brown were appointed to alter the New Richmond and Bethel road, asked for by Nathan Nichols and others. To view an alteration in the Milford and August road John McColIum, William Huling, and George Brown were appointed. November term, 1815, John Shaw appeared as the com missioner elected in place of Amos Ellis, whose term had expired. David Morris was now the public printer, and published the expenditures of the county for a year for six dollars. Oliver Lindsey, re-elected sheriff, presented his bond, of four thousand dollars, with Thomas Cade, John Earhart, T. S. Foote, John Kain, and R. Sharp as securi ties ; same approved and recorded. On the proposed road from Benjamin Penn's, on Indian Creek, to the Cincinnati road or near " Nathaniel Chapman's saw-mill," and thence up " Chapman's Run" on to the Cincinnati road, Joseph Lakin, Israel Joslin, and Robert Brown were the viewers, and Benjamin Penn the surveyor. A road was asked be ginning at the bank of the Little Miami opposite '' James Pollock's mill," thence to cross a public highway between Silas Hutchinson and " Avery Riggs' improvement" on so far as Isaac Elstun, thence to intersect a road from John Hughes' to Mr. Sweet's, on the east fork, or to pass by Na thaniel Barber's to the Deerfield road. Robert Orr, Na thaniel Baiber, and Alexander Brannon were viewers, and James Pollock the surveyor. On the road asked from New Richmond to intersect the road from " Ferguson's Ferry" to Williamsburgh, the viewers were Jonathan Don ham, Jacob Ulrey, and Hugh Ferguson, and George C. Light surveyor. March term, 1816, on the road from the forks of Bear Creek, where the road to Neville crosses, thence up the main branch of the creek, past " Jackson's tanyard" (the second one mentioned on the records), past Samuel Hol land's, continuing up the creek past Mathew Boner's "sugar camp" (first recorded in the county), and to cross " Lubber Run," where " Manning's old mill" road crosses the same, to pass on between Elijah Wiley's and " Col. Gideon Minor," and so on past Elisha Manning's to inter sect what is called " Penn's Head," near " Wiley's saw mill," Joseph Daughters, Elisha Manning, and Joseph Lakin were viewers, and Gideon Minor surveyor. Viewers were sent out to view a way for a road beginning on the road from Bethel to Neville, near the plantation of John Trees, Jr., on between the line of James Hodges and Edward Sapp, thence on or near the line of Christopher Armacost and Frederick Sapp, thence on to intersect the road from Bethel to Point Pleasant. On the road from New Richmond to the State road near David Jernegan's, by way of Mark Stinchfield's school-house (third one men tioned on the records), the viewers were John Donham, Joseph Fagin, and George Brown, with Samuel Derrick surveyor. Eleven dollars and eighty cents was paid for keeping John Allison in jail forty days. June term, 1816, the lands were rated as follows for the year : First-rate lands 3,596| acres. Second-rate lands 103,467i " Third-rate lands 50,9334 " Amount of taxes $4549.94^, Tavern and ferry licenses same as in year 1814. A number of petitioners wanted the dividing line between Washington and Ohio townships better defined, and the town of Point Pleasant attached to the former, and it was ordered that the line begin on the Ohio River, at the lower corner of Henry Ludlam's and upper corner to Henry Bushman's land, thence on a straight to the corner of Tate 84 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. and Washington townships (it being near John Clingler's), and that Andrew McLaine survey the same. A road was ordered viewed beginning in Danby's road on the north side of the east fork just below " McCollum's.and Higby's saw-mill," to intersect the Twelve-Mile road. A road from Moses Fountain's, in Union township, to the east fork, and also one from the school-house opposite Dr. Allison's place up the east fork to meet the road from Jacob Whetstone's, were asked, and Zebina Williams, Shadrach Lane, and Thomas Robertson were selected to view the same, and Mathew Fountain to survey them. November term, 1816, the jailer was allowed twenty dol lars and fifty cents for board of John Moore, William Landen, Robert Sanford Larrimora, prisoners in jail. April term, 1817, Daniel S. Smith furnished irons for jail at one dollar sixty-two and a half cents, and Samuel Cade was allowed three dollars for services as court con stable. June term, 1817, the road from Batavia through Gray's and Troy's lands to Charles Robinson's, thence to Catlett's survey, thence to the Twelve-Mile road, was ordered to be viewed by Shadrach Lane, Joseph Dole, and Joseph Jack son, with Samuel Herrick as surveyor. The county paid Samuel Cade, the jailer, eight dollars and fifty cents for boarding the prisoners in jail, — to wit : Samuel Hulings, John Pyle, Isaac Ford, aud Jonathan Bullin, — and ferry licenses for the year were rated as follows : On the Ohio River, at Ripley, eight dollars ; at Abraham Sell's, four dollars ; at John Boude's, ten dollars ; at the mouth of Bullskin, five dollars; at all other points where ferries are or may be established, three dollars ; for all places on the Little Miami, where they are or may be put up, two dol lars ; and for Bullskin, over its mouth, one dollar. The tavern licenses were priced as follows : At Williamsburgh, eight dollars ; at Bethel, Milford, Batavia, Ripley, and Point Pleasant, seven dollars ; and at all other points, six dollars. The report of the viewers — Nathan Corbin, Jeptha Moore, and Nathan Nichols — on the alteration of the Cincinnati and Augusta road was confirmed. Samuel Shaw was allowed twelve dollars and ninety-five cents for services as coroner in holding an inquest on the dead body of Joseph Knott, killed on Stonelick by the citizens acting as vigilance committees for the dispersion of horse-thieves and offenders generally. On the road wanted from Neville beginning at the ferry occupied by Jacob Her to the foot of the hill, thence to intersect a road leading to " Wiley's saw-mill," near the forks of Bear Creek, the viewers were Lemuel Stephenson, Samuel Holland, and Thomas Jones, with Gideon Minor as surveyor. A road was asked begin ning on a road leading from " Benjamin Penn's mill" to William Winter's, crossing the Augusta road, and to inter sect the road to West Union, and Thomas Jones, Richard Lamar, and William Coshoe were viewers, with Gideon Minor as surveyor. On the road wanted to begin in the road running from Ferguson's ferry to the Round Bottom, thence past " Durham's improvement," to intersect the road from " Jarret's Station" to the county-line, the viewers were John White, William Robb, and John Hunter, with Daniel Bailiff as surveyor. August term, 1817, on the petition of Martin Pease and others to lay out a road from the West Union road near John Temple's till it intersects the Ten-Mile road, the viewers were Chapman Arther, Andrew Pinkham, and Charles Robinson, and Daniel Bailiff the surveyor. To lay out a road beginning at the farm of William Harris, near the mouth of a run formerly called " McKinney's Run," thence up Stonelick to the county-line, the viewers were Josiah Prickett, Abraham Leming,and William Sloane. On the road wanted from Mechanicsburgh (now Chilo) to intersect the road from Bullskin to William Fee's, the viewers were Joseph Lakin, Samuel Holland, and William Bartley, and Gideon Minor surveyor. December term, 1817, Andrew Foote appeared as the commissioner elected at the October election. To lay out a road from Jesse Glancy's, on the Williamsburgh road, thence to O'Bannon Creek through the farms of Jacob Stroup and Frederick Doughm, and on to the county-line, the viewers- were Lewis Fryberger, John Glancy, and Daniel Mangen, and John Hill the surveyor. To lay out the road wanted from Milford up the lane of Andrew Megrue, intersecting and following the road to the Little Miami, thence up to " Kugler's mill" to the mill-dam, thence up to and on Harner's Run to " Abner Hixon's mill," thence through the lands of Kugler and Wallsmith till it intersects the public road between William Havison's and Samuel Potts, the viewers were Thomas Gatch, Robert Orr, and John Stroup, and Conduce Gatch the surveyor. March term, 1818, on the alteration of the Bolanders' road, the viewers — John Logan, Naaman Chapman, and Allen B. Hughes — made their report, and same approved. Samuel Cade, jailer, for boarding William Riley, a criminal, thirty days, John McLean twenty-eight days, and John Williams nineteen days, was allowed sixteen dollars and twenty-five cents. The three associate judges, Alexander Blair, John Morris, and Philip Gatch, each for ten days' services at the March term of Common Pleas Court, were allowed thirty dollars. The lands for the year were rated as follows : Acres. First-rate 3,3343 Second-rate 181.411J Third-rate 59,640£ Amount of tax $3384.44 Interest and penalties $232. 74J Total amount $3617.184 May term, 1818, bills for the boarding of Benjamin Moore and John McCaw in jail were paid. The board made an appropriation of a part of the twenty per cent. of land-tax to be laid out in making roads and bridges, as follows : On the road from Point Pleasant through Neville to county-line, and known as the river road, one hundred dollars, under the superintendence of John Hunter; on the road from Neville passing Alexander Case's to where it in tersects the State road, near William Fee's, the sum of seventy-five dollars, under the superintendence of John Newkirk ; on the road from Neville to Williamsburgh, pass ing Lemuel Stephenson's and intersecting Penn's road at " Richards' saw-mill," seventy-five dollars, under the super intendence of Gideon Minor ; on the road from Milford to Williamsburgh, one hundred dollars, under person to be appointed at June term ; on the road from Williamsburgh to COMMISSIONERS' EARLY PROCEEDINGS. 85 Lebanon (or that part that lies between Stonelick and Jesse Smith's), seventy-five dollars, under charge of Ambrose Ran- son ; a further appropriation of two hundred and fifty dol lars towards the erection of a bridge (the third mentioned on the county records) across the east fork of the Little Miami at the town of Williamsburgh, likewise the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars towards the erection of a bridge over same stream at Batavia, under charge of per sons to be selected at the coming June term. These were the first regular appropriations for roads in the county, and the third and fourth for bridges, and the total sum appro priated — nine hundred and twenty- five dollars — was con sidered a new departure from the old ruts and the harbinger of future and still greater internal improvements soon to follow. June term, 1818, tavern licenses were rated as follows: At Williamsburgh, eight dollars ; at Milford, Batavia, and Bethel, seven dollars ; at New Richmond, Point Pleasant, Neville, and Felicity, six dollars ; and at all other places where inns may be opened, five dollars. The ferry licenses were priced on the Ohio River, to wit : At mouth of Bull skin, five dollars ; at all other points where ferries are or may be established, three dollars ; on the Little Miami, two dollars ; on the east fork, one dollar and a half; and across Bullskin at its mouth, one dollar. On the proposed road from " Higby's grist-mill" to " Collins & Blackman's saw-mill," thence to Batavia, thence to " Dennison mill," thence to intersect the road from Williamsburgh to Milford, the viewers were David White, Daniel Husong, and Malichi Medaris, and Alexander Blair surveyor. The report of James Robb, Robert Donham, and Nathan Nichols on the road, beginning on the Hamilton county-line, thenee through New Richmond to Point Pleasant, was presented and approved. Nicholas Sinks was allowed an order for two dollars and twelve and a half cents, that being the amount paid by him to the postmaster of Williamsburgh for postage for the county during the year past. Allen Stevens, jailer, for keeping William Amann, a prisoner, twenty-one days in jail, received five dollars and twenty-five cents. Board reappointed Nicholas Sinks county treasurer ; he had been in this office since 1804. The commissioners made further appropriations of the twenty per cent, land-tax collected by law for the use of roads and bridges: On the road from Cincinnati to Augusta, known by the name of the " River road" (on that part that runs from the Hamilton county-line to Big In- . • dian Creek), one hundred dollars, under the superintendence of Micah Gilbert ; likewise on the road from New Rich mond to Williamsburgh, one hundred dollars, under the charge of James Robb. On the Milford and Williamsburgh road improvements, Thomas Gatch was appointed commis sioner, and Alexander Blair to superintend the building of the Batavia bridge ; on the proposed road from Moscow to the Buchanan Settlement, Gideon Minor was ordered to make the survey. July term, 1818, on the road from " Warren's mills" up to and passing " James Robb's saw-mill," to intersect the Milford road at the lower end of Jacob Fisher's lane, Daniel Bailiff made the survey. An order was issued to the Frank lin township trustees to open a road from the mouth of Bullskin to " Shinkle's saw-mill." On the road from Chilo (then called Mechanicsburgh) to " Levi and Joshua Pig- man's mill," on Willow Creek, thence to intersect the county road on Bear Creek at or near Samuel Holland's, the viewers were William Botts, William Barkley, and Jo seph Lakin, and James Sargent as surveyor. The county taxes of the various townships this year were : Ohio, 1229.95; Miami, $158.22; Batavia, $71.87; Tate, $120.40; Stonelick, $71.44; Williamsburgh, $148; the amounts in Union and Washington not stated. November term, 1818, Shadrach Lane, elected commis sioner at October election, appeared, and was qualified. On the road from Milford crossing the Deerfield road near John Glancy's, thence to Stonelick Creek near John Shields', the viewers were Samuel Perrin, John Pollock, and Robert Orr, with Thomas Gatch as surveyor. On the proposed Clover Lick road past Adam Bricker's to Williamsburgh, the viewers were John Shotwell, Isaac Line, and David Light, with George C. Light as surveyor. On the road wanted from Ezekiel Hutchinson's to Williamsburgh, thence crossing Pleasant Run, thence crossing " Stony Run," till it intersects a road near " Grassy Run," the viewers were Ephraim McAdams, Jacob Huber, and William Hunter, with Benjamin Ellis as surveyor. A road was asked from Batavia to James Glancy's, then to the Anderson State road, thence to " Glancy's mills," and John Ferrec, Isaac Voris, and Daniel Husong were the viewers, with Alexan der Blair surveyor. January term, 1819, Thomas Kain presented his official bond as coroner elected, in the sum of two thousand dollars, with the following securities: David C. Bryan, George S. Bryan, Daniel Kain, and John Kain ; same approved and recorded. March term, 1819, on the road from the " tan-yard" of John Richards, on Big Indian, through John Whorton's lane, to intersect the State road at Robert Carr's, the viewers were William Thompson, William Higgin, and Aquila Tay lor, and John Boggess surveyor. On the road wanted from the State road in Union township, crossing Matthew's sur vey, thence through the lands of the Days and Broadwell to county-line, the viewers were George Stockton, John White, and Samuel Lane, and Isaac James surveyor. On the road from Thomas Brunton's by Reuben Crossley, in tersecting a road up the east fork at Robert Townsley's, the viewers were Christopher Troy, Samuel Lane, and Thomas Robinson, with Alex. Blair surveyor. The road from Batavia to John Brazier's, to intersect the Nine-Mile road, was ordered, with Robert Townsley, Robert D. Lane, and David White as viewers, and E. Chichester surveyor. On the proposed road beginning at the " Upper Cincinnati road" near a school-house, thence by John Marsh to Heze kiah Bainum, thence to John Trees, thence to intersect the river road near " Isaac Moreton's saw-mill," the viewers were Leonard Simmons, Thomas Hitch, and Thomas Ash- burn, and Joseph Jackson surveyor. Out of the twenty per cent. land-tax for bridges and roads was appropriated : For tbe Williamsburgh and Cincinnati road, to be used between Christopher Apple's and the farm lately owned by Moses Broadwell, one hundred dollars, under the superintendence of Samuel Lane ; on the road from Williamsburgh to Leba- 86 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. non, between Jesse Glancy's and James Coombs, fifty dol lars, under the charge of Jesse Smith ; on the Cincinnati road, from Nine Mile to Point Pleasant, seventy-five dollars, under supervision of Levi Moss ; on the road from Wil liamsburgh to the mouth of Bullskin, seventy-five dollars, under the direction of Joshua Hicks ; and on the road from Bethel to the mouth of Clough Creek, one hundred dollars, under charge of Thomas West. Lands were this year rated as follows : First-rate l,491i acres. Second-rate 135,618 " Third-rate 45,5421 " Amount of tax $2866.02.4 Interest and penalties 179.43.3 Total amount $3045.45.7 The land-rates above given were for resident proprietors only. June term, 1819, in making out the duplicate the fol lowing rates were observed : On all horses, mares, mules, or asses, eighteen and three-fourth cents per head ; on each head of neat cattle, six and one-fourth cents ; and on all town-lots, one-half of one per cent, on their valuation, ex clusive of improvements thereon. Ferry licenses were this year rated : At mouth of Bullskin, six dollars ; at Neville, Point Pleasant, and New Richmond, five dollars; at all other points on the Ohio where ferries are or may be estab lished, four dollars ; at all places on the Little Miami, two dollars ; and on all other waters in the county, one dollar. The rates of ferriage on the Ohio were made the highest the law allows, and on other waters : For each foot-person, six and one-quarter cents ; man and horse, twelve and one- half cents ; loaded wagon and team, fifty cents ; for any other four-wheeled carriage or empty wagon and team, thirty-seven and one-half cents ; for loaded cart and team, twenty-five cents; for any empty cart and team, sled, sleigh and team, eighteen and three-quarter cents ; for every horse, mule, mare, ass, or head of neat cattle, five cents ; and for every head of hogs or sheep, two cents. Nicholas Sinks, reappointed county treasurer, gave bond, with D. C. Bryan, George Brown, and Benjamin Ellis as securities. Lemuel Stephenson was appointed county collector of State taxes and of the county levies for this year. On the pro posed road from the east fork below " Dyer's mill," to in tersect the road leading from Williamsburgh to " Beckle- hcimer's mill," near John Wageman, the viewers were Charles Robinson, Michael Roseberry, and Robert Doughty, with Daniel Bailiff surveyor. Lemuel Stephenson's bond as county collector, with Gideon Minor, Elisha Manning, Absalom Wood as securities, was approved. October term, 1819, the official bond of Holly Raper, elected sheriff in October, in sum of four thousand dollars, was presented with the following securities thereon : John Kain, Nicholas Sinks, Thomas Kain, Israel Foster, Daniel Hankins, Titus Everhart, and David C. Bryan ; duly ap proved. December term, 1819, on the proposed road from near the mouth of the lane between James Ward and Geo. W. Stockton, till it intersected the West Union road near Gideon Witham's house, the viewers were Nathan Sutton John Brazier, and Samuel Lane, with Isaac James as sur veyor. June term, 1820, appropriations were made, to wit : On the river road from Point Pleasant to Hamilton county- line, the sum of one hundred and twenty-five dollars, under direction of Levi Moss; on the same road, from Point Pleasant to Brown county-line, the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars, under the control of Joshua Pigman ; on the road from " Feestown" to Williamsburgh, one hundred dollars, under the supervision of John Morris ; on the road from Williamsburgh to Lebanon, one hundred and twenty- five dollars, under the charge of William Glancy ; on the road from Williamsburgh to Cincinnati, — that is, on that part between Batavia and the Brown county-line, — one hundred and twenty dollars, under the superintendence of Henry Kain, and on that part from Batavia township line to that of Hamilton County, ninety dollars, in charge of Samuel Lane ; on the road from Batavia to Milford, one hundred dollars, under direction of Alexander Blair; on the road from Williamsburgh to Cincinnati, — that is, that part between the east fork and Batavia township line, — forty dollars, under control of Robert Townsley ; and on the road from Bethel to mouth of Clough Creek, fifty dollars, under charge of Martin Pease. John Earhart was appointed county col lector of the land-tax, with orders to collect the county levy of such townships where the township listers refuse to ac cept the collection. The making of a suitable board fence around the public buildings was awarded to Isaac Line, at eighty-seven dollars. On the new road beginning at the mouth of Townsend Thacker's lane, in Wayne township, on the road from Milford to the head of Stonelick, thence by Jacob Binkley's to " Nathan Shumard's grist-mill," on Stonelick, to intersect the road from John Shields to Conrad Hersh's, the viewers were Jacob Binkley, Josiah Prickett, and Samuel Shumard, with John Hill as sur veyor. August term, 1820, on the road beginning on the War ren county-line near " William Eaton's grist-mill," thence through Gabriel Kern's lane to the " market-house in Goshen," thence on the nearest and best way to Townsend Thacker's house, the viewers were Mahlon Smith, John Gest, and Silas Hutchinson, with John Hill as surveyor. On the road from Robert Donham's lane to " John Don- ham's mill," on Twelve-Mile Creek, the appraisers were John Shaw, Hezekiah Lindsey, and James Robb, with George C. Light as surveyor. The report of Andrew Pink ham, Wm. Brown, and Abram Conrey on the New Bethel and New Richmond road was received. October term, 1820, Nicholas Sinks, the county treasurer for sixteen years,.having resigned, John Kain was appointed to the vacancy, and gave bond in four thousand dollars, with Daniel Everhart, Titus Everhart, Daniel Hankins, David Light, Stephen Smith, and Daniel Smith as securi ties. November term, 1820, no business was done save the swearing in the new commissioner, George J. Troutwine. December term, 1820, on the new road from " Glancy's mill," past William Megrue's, to intersect the road from the " Company's mill," on the Little Miami, to Nathaniel Bar ber's, the viewers were John Gest, Mahlon Smith, and John INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS AND GENERAL STATISTICS. 87 Charles, with Conduce Gatch as surveyor. On the new road from " William Plummer's mill," on Bullskin, to inter sect the road from Boude's Ferry to Bethel, the viewers were James Johnson, David Owens, and Samuel Truett, with Joseph Wells as surveyor. On the new road begin ning on the India« road, near Charles Henderson's farm, to intersect the Boat Run road near the school-house, and on the road between Reeves' and Morgan's lane, to intersect the road leading to " John Denham's mill," the viewers were Jesse Justice, Jr., Isaac South, and Jonathan Vandike, with William Lytle as surveyor. On petition of twelve land-owners, a view for a way of a road was ordered, begin ning where the Nine-Mile road crosses Shaylor's Run to Robert D. Lane's place. Peter Emery, James Thomas, and Robert Townsley were the viewers, and Samuel Ewing the surveyor. June term, 1821, a road was laid out beginning at Jon athan Megrue's " peach-orchard," passing " John Hixton's mill," on Harner's Run, and the viewers of same were Philip Smysor, Bethual Covalt, and John Leming, Thomas Gatch making the survey. John Kain was appointed county treasurer, and Elijah T. Penn collector of both State taxes and county levies. June term, 1822, the commissioners audited and allowed the accounts of the following listers and appraisers for ser vices : James Fox, Stonelick, eleven days, $11. Benjamin Laymon, Wayne, five days, $5. Elijah Shaw, Franklin, thirteen days, $13. Jacob Webber, Franklin, three days, $3. Joseph F. Bocum, Ohio, nineteen days, $19. John Swem, Ohio, two days, $2. Rezin Hill, Goshen, nine days, $9. Daniel Weaver, Goshen, one day, $1. Laban Brazier, Batavia, eleven days, $11. Israel Whitaker, Batavia, three-fourths of a day, 75 cents. Isaac L. Malott, Union, three-fourths of a day, 75 cents. Samuel Shaw, Miami, thirteen days, $13. Isaac Covalt, Miami, two and a half days, $2.50. William Dowdney, Tate, twelve days, $12. John Fasemire, Washington, thirteen and three-fourths of a day, $13.75. Isaac Mitchell, Washington, two days, $2. John Earhart, Williamsburgh, twelve days, $12. Isaac Foster, Williamsburgh, two days, $2. Thomas Kain appointed county treasurer, and John Beatty collector, and the former gave bond, with Thomas Kain, John Kain, William Waters, and Daniel S. Smith as secur ities. June term, 1823, the board voted to give the collector of land-tax five per cent, on all moneys collected, and the col lector of county levies ten per cent. June term, 1824, the following listers and appraisers made their reports, and were paid as follows : Absalom Manning, Franklin, $14.50. Alfred Holland, Franklin, $3. William Dowdney, Tate, $13.25. Aaron Wells, Tate, $1. James Wilson, Washington, $13.50. Jeremiah Woods, Washington, $3. Christian Binkley, Wayne, $6. Reason Hill, Goshen, $7. Gamaliel Hooker, Goshen, $1. Ralph Carnes, Ohio, $20. Seneca Palmer, Ohio, $3. Francis Shumard, Miami, $13. Henry Shumard, Miami, $2. Thomas Cook, Stonelick, $9. Benjamin South, Stonelick, $1. • Isaac L. Malott, Union, $8. John Earhart, Williamsburgh, $12. Isaac Foster, Williamsburgh, $2. Israel Whitaker, Batavia, $9.50. Jesse Ellis, Batavia, $2. The following rates of taxation were levied : On each head of horses, mares, mules, or asses, thirty cents ; on each head of neat cattle, ten cents ; and on all town-lots, one-half of one per cent, on the valuation, exclusive of the improvements. March term, 1825, a further appropriation of one hundred and nine dollars thirty and a half cents was made towards the completion of the Batavia bridge. June term, 1826, Thomas Kain was appointed keeper of the standard measure at the seat of justice, to keep said standard and seal agreeably to an act regulating measures. December term, 1827, made an appropriation of twenty- five dollars and sixty-two and a half cents, balance of the three per cent, fund, for the road from Chillicothe to Cin cinnati, towards repairing the bridge at Batavia, and also an additional sum of twenty-four dollars and thirty-seven and a half cents to be so applied. August term, 1829, the contract for building the new Batavia bridge was awarded to W. H. Robinson, at three thousand five hundred and seventy-nine dollars, but not given to him, it being considered too high, and at Decem ber term was finally given to James Robb, at two thousand eight hundred and thirty-three dollars. CHAPTER XII. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS, AND GENERAL STA TISTICS PROM 1824 TO 1879. In the preceding chapter an account is given of the early county roads and by whom located, but the first public road laid out through the county was that from Newtown to Williamsburgh, ordered to be established by the justices of the Court of Quarter Sessions of Hamilton County, Nov. 21, 1797. It had been previously surveyed by John Donnell, assisted by Daniel Kain and Robert McKinney. In the summer of 1798 it was opened for travel, and was for many years the principal east-and-west thoroughfare. Shortly afterwards the road from West Union to the mouth of Clough Creek was established, and in 1804 the General Assembly declared it a post-road. In 1804 was also passed an act authorizing the building of the Anderson State road, running from Chillicothe to Cincinnati through the town ships of Jackson, Stonelick, and Miami. It was opened for travel in the summer of 1806. In 1808 the Legisla ture enacted that the road from the mouth of Bullskin to Xenia be ordered to be laid out as a State road. Subse quently other State roads were located in Clermont and through its territory, the one from Neville to Hillsboro' in 1820. 88 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Acts were passed in 1815 and 1821 under which the toll-bridge over the Little Miami at Milford was built, and in 1822 was constructed the bridge over Twelve-Mile Creek, in Ohio township. In 1838 was enacted the law authorizing the Williamsburgh bridge to be built, over the east fork, on the highway which had been declared a State road in 1834. The first turnpike opened in the county was the Cincin nati, Columbus and Wooster, incorporated in 1827. The length of this road was twenty-two miles, or nearly that distance, and it commenced at the corporation line iu Cin cinnati, ran through Milford, terminating at Goshen. This was, and is yet, a fine pike, and as early as 1831 paid an annual dividend of twenty-four per cent. The amount of its capital stock (3032 shares) was $151,600; amount of the subscription of the State, $75,800 ; amount of the sub scription of individuals, $75,800. To show what this road of twenty-two miles did before the full inauguration of railways, we give its amount of tolls received for the year ending Nov. 15, 1847, which were $18,585.22. The total expenses for the same year, includ ing repairs and salaries, were $6188.18, leaving for divi dends $13,644, to be equally divided between the State and the individual stockholders. This road had no construction debts, and was therefore a rich mine to its lucky stock holders and a great benefit to the county. In 1831 the Legislature incorporated the Milford and Chillicothe Turnpike Company, which constructed a road from Milford to Chillicothe, a distance of seventy-eight miles, forty-two and a half of which was splendidly macad amized, thirty-two and a half graded, and three ungraded. It passed through Perin's Mills, Boston, aod Marathon, and was an important factor in building up the north of Clermont, contributing wonderfully to the development of Milford, then the great commercial mart of the county. Its capital stock was $344,000, held in equal portions by the State and individuals, and for many years its president was Governor Allen Trimble, of Hillsboro'. For the year ending Nov. 15, 1849, its receipts were $10,498.60, and its expenditures $4115.72, — leaving tho profits at $6382.63, to be divided between the State and individual stockholders. In 1831 was also incorporated the Ohio Turnpike Com pany, from Cincinnati to Portsmouth, but the road was built only twenty-one and a half miles in length, commencing at the Little Miami River, at Union Bridge, Hamilton Co., and ending at Bethel. For the year ending Nov. 29, 1846, its receipts were $4294.71, and its profits, after paying all expenses and repairs, $1617.63, which were paid over to the receiver appointed by the Clermont Common Pleas Court. The original charter gave this road the privilege to be built into Cincinnati ; but an amended act, repealing part of its first act, subsequently limited it to running to Union Bridge, where it intersected the Wooster pike. Maurice Witham was its president, and Thomas Sheldon secretary, in 1846 and 1847. The total amount of stock in this pike paid by the State was $55,000 ; by individuals, $50,000. For the year ending Nov. 15, 1847, the tolls received were $5151.24; amount expended for repairs and salaries, $2962.18; amount paid William Howard, late receiver, $542.46; and amount left in hands of treasurer, John Quinlain (at that time receiver), $1646.60. In 1834 was incorporated The Batavia Turnpike and Miami Badge Company, whose pike began at Union Bridge and termi nated at Batavia. The amount of stock subscribed by the State was six hundred and five shares ($30,250), and by individuals six hundred and fifteen shares ($30,750). Its receipts for the year closing Nov. 3, 1847, were $4513, of which $274.66 were paid to the State treasurer; $1920.46 to its receiver, S. F. Norris ; and the balance went for repairs and salaries. Its length was thirteen and one-half miles. William Edwards was its president from 1847 to 1849. In 1849 its tolls amounted to $4011.96, of which $1825 went into the receiver's hands for benefit of credi tors. In 1832 the Goshen, Martinsville and Leesburg Pike Company was chartered, but never amounted to much ; but in 1836 was incorporated the Goshen, Wilmington and Columbus Pike. This pike was completed from Goshen to Wilmington, — a distance of twenty-five miles. Its total amount of stock was, — owned by the State of Ohio (two thousand and fifty-four and one-half shares), $102,725; by individuals, $119,050. In 1849, Isaiah Mor ris was its president. For the year ending November 15th its tolls, owing to the cholera epidemic and other causes, amounted to only $1948.95. These roads — while most of them were not profitable investments financially to the State and individuals — were of great value to the people at large, and aided greatly in developing the resources of this and adjoining counties, affording outlets for agricul tural productions, and in the improved facilities for general traveling. There have been in the county at different periods other turnpikes than the old ones above noted. The New Richmond and Bethel Turnpike Company was incorporated in 1849, and in a few years was com pleted to within two miles of Laurel. About four years ago it was turned over to the county, and it has since been used as a free turnpike. The New Richmond, Nicholsville and Williamsburgh Turnpike Company was also incorporated in 1849. It was completed to within one and a half miles of Nichols ville. It was used as a toll-road a number of years, but in 1876 it was turned over to the county commissioners, who ordained it a free turnpike. The Milford, Edenton and Woodville Plank-Road Company was incorporated in 1851, and its second install ment of stock paid June 16th of that year. In a few years it was changed to a turnpike, and it is now in use as such from where it intersects the Chillicothe pike, a little more than a mile east of Milford, to the Dunkard meeting house, near Edenton. James B. Shaw was the first presi dent of the company. B. F. Clark is the present president and James Clark secretary of the company. The Ten-Mile Valley Turnpike, running from the point of its intersection with the Cincinnati, Columbia and New Richmond pike to Lindale, was incorporated about 1861, but was never fully completed ; and about three years ago it was turned over to the county and made a free pike. The New Richmond and Ohio Turnpike and Plank- Road Company, from New Richmond to the Ohio pike, INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS AND GENERAL STATISTICS. 89 east of Amelia, was built in 1852-53, and is still in opera tion as a toll -road. - The Cincinnati, Columbia and New Richmond Turn pike, along the Ohio River, was completed about 1865, and is yet maintained as a toll-road. The Union Turnpike Company was organized in 1858 to build a turnpike from Batavia to the Ohio pike, a little east of Amelia. John Johnston was the first president, and the road was completed in 1868. The turnpike is yet kept up, and most of the stock is owned by the heirs of Azariah Davis. The Batavia, Williamsburgh and Brown County Turnpike was built in 1850-51, and on the 1st of July of the latter year its sixth installment of ten per cent, was due. Thomas L. Shields was the first president of this road, which is yet in operation between Batavia and Williamsburgh. The first installment towards the construction of The Moscow, Indian Creek and Point Isabel Turnpike was due June 24, 1851, and the first of the Felicity and Chilo Turn pike Oct. 25, 1856, but neither proved a success as a toll- road. The famous and historical Madisonville, Camargo and Obannon Turnpike, which was built over a third of a cen tury ago through Miami township, is now a county road free from tolls. Ten free turnpikes were constructed in Clermont County under the laws of April 5, 1866. and March 29, 1867, which have proved of great benefit to the localities through which they pass. The laws provided that when a majority of the resident and real-estate owners living within two miles on each side of the contemplated road petitioned the county commissioners, a free pike might be built, if deemed a public necessity, by assessing the cost of its construction upon said owners of real estate in proportion to their dis tances and benefits to be derived from the road. On Dec. 4, 1866, a petition of residents and freeholders within two miles of the projected free turnpike from Bethel to Felicity was received by the commissioners, who appointed Robert Buchanan, Reuben Lanham, and Samuel Buchanan as viewers of the same. They reported it a public necessity and of general utility on March 5, 1867, and estimated its cost at $4250 per mile, including bridges. The commis sioners decided to build it twenty-five feet in width, to be macadamized fourteen feet wide, twelve inches deep in cen tre and eight at each side, of four inches of coarsely-broken stone for foundation, and the balance of stone finely broken. The same viewers, on June 3d, made return of their appor tionment of the valuations of the different freeholders to be taxed, which was adopted, and the taxes for building it and the others were put in five annual payments, and bonds were issued by the county and sold to pay the construction debts as fast as they fell due. C. W. Page, county surveyor, was superintendent and engineer of the survey and construction. The petition of the resident freeholders for the Felicity and Utopia pike, by way of Rural, was presented Dec. 4, 1866, and William Richey, Henry Bolander, and Thomas Hurley, as viewers, made their report the following March, and also their assessment valuations of the lands and lots to be taxed. The assessments of taxes on this pike amounted to $22,572.92. 12 The petition for the Felicity and Moscow free pike was like wise filed Dec. 4, 1866, and the persons who viewed and made the land and lot valuations were William Dixon, Enoch Reed, and John Kinney, who estimated its cost as follows: First four miles at $3100 per mile, or $12,400; the remaining four miles at $1700 per mile, or $6800 ; in all, $19,200 ; but the assessments on the duplicates footed up $34,030. The Felicity and Chilo free pike was petitioned for April 23, 1867, and the land apportionment of it was made by N. S. Stevens, A. J. Trees, and J. B. Brannen, its view having been made by Peter Camerer, J. B. Brannen, and George Thompson. The petition for the Mount Carmel and Nine-Mile pike was filed March 6, 1867, and the road was viewed and the lands apportioned by Orin Temple, J. R. Corbly, and Moses Elstun. Its entire assessments were $33,182.57, while its estimated cost was $3000 per mile. June 27, 1867, came the petition for the Lyndon and Nicholsville pike, beginning at the junction of the Ten- Mile Valley pike where it intersected the New Richmond, Mount Pisgah and Ohio turnpike to James Slater's, or to the contemplated road from Big Indian, near Israel Smith's, via, Point Isabel, Salt Air, and Nicholsville, to the Ohio turnpike, at Back Run bridge. The viewers and land-ap praisers were J. R. Foster, William Eppert, and E. G. Ricker, and Thomas W. Rathbone surveyor. Its estimated cost was $7766. The petition for the Newtonsville and Brownsville pike was presented on June 6, 1867, and its viewers and ap praisers of lands and lots were M. S. Pickelheimer, Silas Muehmore, William McKinney, and J. D. Murphy, — the latter in the apportionment taking the place of M. S. Pick elheimer, appointed its engineer. Its estimated cost was $3000 per mile. June 3, 1867, the petition for the Neville and Boat Run pike came in, and it was viewed and the lands appraised by William Padget, N. S. Stevens, and W. C. Page. Its estimated cost was $3500 per mile, but the apportionment and costs amounted to $37,721.13. On Dec. 4, 1867, was received the petition for the pike from Felicity, by way of Laurel, to intersect the Boat Run and New Richmond road, near Carmel graveyard, in Mon roe township. The viewers and appraisers were Samuel W. McKinney, James Waterfield, and James Goslin, who estimated it to cost $3500 per mile. It was finished only two miles, to Israel Smith's, and its cost was $10,800. On Feb. 8, 1870, was presented the petition for the pike from Point Isabel to the elbow of the Felicity and Moscow road. Viewers and appraisers on the same were Samuel B. Smith, Enoch Patterson, and M. Winters. Its cost of con struction, when fully completed, was only $81,880. The last free pike built in the county was under the laws of April 26, 1871, and Feb. 20, 1872, taxing the free holders a mile on each side for its construction, and was the Wayne township pike from the Dunkard meeting-house to West Woodville. The viewers were David W. Thomp son, Thomas Sloane, and J. H. Prickett, and the road was built in 1874. The Clermont and Woodville Graded Road Company 90 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. was incorporated in 1838, but never proved a success ; neither did The East Fork Road and Bridge Company, incorporated in 1835. But few counties in the State surpass Clermont in the number and substantial nature of its bridges. The finest is a suspension-bridge at Branch Hill, across the Little Miami, and was built jointly by Clermont and Hamilton. It was formally dedicated and opened for travel July 4, 1872, with a great celebration and speeches by Governor Noyes and -Samuel F. Hunt. At Loveland is also a very handsome iron bridge, composed of several spans, and at Remington and Miamiville, also across the Little Miami, a large bridge of modern invention and imposing architec ture. In fact, all over the county, on its many streams, are found elegant bridges, built in the last twenty years, many of them exceedingly beautiful in design and finish, which have supplanted the common wooden bridges which were first erected. The Little Miami Railroad Company was chartered in 1835 to build a railway from Cincinnati to Xenia, — a dis tance of 64.61 miles. In 1840 the road was completed to Milford, and at that town a grand demonstration took place to celebrate the arrival of the first train. John Kugler, then the principal business man of that place, sold to the railroad company the site in Cincinnati on which it built its depot for $60,000, and took his pay in its bonds, ever a great source of revenue to him ; and he also furnished the ties for the track for many miles, all cut off of his noted Tippecanoe farm of nineteen hundred acres in Goshen and Stonelick townships. The road was finished to Loveland in 1844, in the fall, very much against the wishes of many of the people who earned their living as teamsters, and thought they were ruined. This road has a double track running six and three-twentieths miles through this county, with about a mile of sidings, and depots at Loveland, Branch Hill, Miamiville, and Milford, at the latter place on the Hamilton County side. It is now leased to and operated by the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis Rail way Company, and has the reputation of being the best- equipped and conducted road in the State. The Marietta and Cincinnati Railway was built years afterwards, and has five miles of main track in this county, besides one and one-fifth miles of sidings. It passes through Loveland, where it crosses the Little Miami road, and the rest of the road in Clermont is in Goshen township. It was built about the year 1850 as the HiUsbord1 and Cin cinnati Railroad, and is now operated by the Baltimore and Ohio Company. Many attempts were made towards building other rail roads running through the county, but without success until 1876, when, on Jan. 10, 1876, the Cincinnati and Eastern Railway Company was formed at Batavia, under the name first of The Cincinnati, Batavia and Williams burgh Railroad Company, but which was changed at the following May term of Clermont Common Pleas Court to its present name. Its corporators were Samuel Woodward, M. Jamieson, G. W. Hulick, William Mansfield, George H. Wilber, W. B. C. Stirling, G. W. Gregg, Peter F. Swing, C. H. Thomas, Byron Williams, and W. A. Kain. On May 6, 1876, the stockholders unanimously voted to extend the line from Williamsburgh to Portsmouth, its present projected terminus. Since its organization Samuel Woodward has been president, Milton Jamieson treasurer, and William Mansfield auditor, and the following persons direc tors (those marked with an asterisk still in office) : Samuel Woodward,* George H. Wilber,* Stephen Feike, Peter F. Swing, Azariah Davis, Daniel Turner, Charles H. Thomas,* O. H. Hardin * W. R. McGill,* James Hulick,* F. M. Smith* S. E. Carey,* N. R. Thomson* George W. Gregg, John M. Neeloy,* and James P. Duckwall.* Its proposed main line is one hundred and eight miles long, of which fifty-three miles is in full running operation from the Miami Valley Railway junction (three and a half miles from Cin cinnati) to Winchester, in Adams County, and beyond Winchester, towards Portsmouth, the grading is nearly completed to the Scioto county-line, about twenty miles. In February, 1880, the branch from Batavia Junction (on the Little Miami road) to New Richmond — a distance of fourteen and three-tenths miles — was completed and is now in successful operation, making, with the aggregate of sid ings, seventy miles daily operated by this road, on which the freight and passenger traffic is constantly increasing. At Sardinia it crosses the Maysville and Columbus narrow- gauge road, now completed and running from Sardinia to Hillsboro', and this summer (1880) to be finished from Sardinia, vid Georgetown, to Ripley and Maysville. It is contemplated this year to finish the Miami Valley road the remainder of the way (three and one-half miles) to Cin cinnati, when the transfer of freight and passengers to the Little Miami road at Batavia Junction will cease. This well-managed narrow-gauge railroad — the best in Ohio — runs through one of the richest and most productive and thickly-populated regions in the State, and was completed to Batavia, Oct. 18, 1876; to Williamsburgh, March 1,1877; to Mount Oreb, April 19, 1877; to Sardinia, June 4, 1877 ; and to Winchester in September following. In this county, including its New Richmond branch and sidings, it has thirty-six miles of track, and the stations on the main line are South Milford, Elstun, Cohoon, East Liberty, Batavia, Hulick's, Summit, Afton, and Williams burgh ; and on the New Richmond branch are New Rich mond, Blairville, New Palestine, Ohio River, Pleasant Hill, Tobasco, and Mount Carmel. This road was built by sub scriptions raised by stockholders along its main and exten sion lines, and by bonds issued on mortgage securities. Its principal bridges on the main line are over the Little Miami, a Howe truss, wood, three hundred and twenty feet ; east fork at Batavia, wood, one hundred and sixty feet; at Williamsburgh, one hundred and twenty feet; west fork of White Oak and east fork of same, each one hun dred and twenty feet. This was the first railroad built through the heart of Clermont, and the first of any kind to penetrate the adjoining counties of Brown and Adams. The next road — Cincinnati and Portsmouth Narrow- Gauge Railroad— to be built was incorporated in January, 1873, with the following corporators: Thomas Donaldson, Benneville Kline, John Carlisle, Chilton A White, Henry W. Kimball, Joseph Clare, Paul Mohr, Z. D. Kyle, Josiah Kirby, and H. H. Wellman ; but its construction did not begiu till three years subsequently. It is a narrow gauge, INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS AND GENERAL STATISTICS. 91 and is finished from Columbia, on the Little Miami road, to Cleveland's, a mile east of Amelia, through which town, Judd's, Centreville, Olive Branch, Willowville, Glen Este, Kyles, and Mount Carmel, it runs and is altogether in run ning operation a distance of twenty and four-tenths miles. From Cleveland's to Bethel the grading is all completed, and between Bethel and Georgetown over half finished. It is contemplated by its management to put down the track in the season of 1880 to Bethel and Georgetown. The Cincinnati, Milford and Fayetteville Narrow- Gauge Railroad was incorporated a few years ago, and a road-bed graded from Milford northeast, through the northern town ships of the county. As yet no track has been laid, but the early completion of the road, possibly as a standard gauge, is confidently expected the coming season. Five lines of telegraph pass through the county, — viz., along the Little Miami, Marietta, Cincinnati, and Eastern (on main line and the New Richmond branch), and along the Ohio turnpike vid Amelia and Bethel. The townships of Miami, Goshen, Union, Batavia, Williamsburgh, Pierce, and Ohio are thus afforded telegraphic facilities, and the same townships enjoy railway communication. The wonderful progress and advancement in internal im provements and material prosperity the county has made is most strikingly shown in the following pages of statistical matter, contrasting the old with the new times, and showing the condition of the county at different periods from 1825 to 1879. GENERAL STATISTICS. For the year ending June 8, 1825, the receipts at the county treasury were $6440.97. Of this amount there were apportioned to the several townships for road purposes : Wayne, $45 ; Williamsburgh, $104.46 ; Tate, $129.93; Franklin, $31; Washington, $31; Ohio, $36; Batavia, $37 ; Stonelick, $37 ; Miami, $99 ; Union, $98. A balance of $321.20 for road purposes remained undis tributed, and the other balances due the State and for county purposes amounted to $1275.56, showing how mod erate were the expenses of the county at that period ; and this amount was largely in excess of the usual rate, on ac count of the court-house edifice at New Richmond, the cost of building which was settled on the payment of $1193.28 when Batavia became the seat of justice. The rates of taxation for 1827 were as follows : State tax, 15 cents on the $100 valuation. Canal tax, 15 cents on the $100 valuation. County tax, 30 cents on the $100 valuation. School tax, 5 cents on the $100 valuation. Batavia township tax, 12J cents on the $100 valuation. Williamsburgh township tax, 3| cents on the $100 valuation. Tate township tax, 11J cents on the $100 valuation. Franklin township tax, 2| cents on the $100 valuation. Washington township tax, 7i cents on the $100 valuation. Monroe township tax, 6J cents on the $100 valuation. Ohio township tax, 10 cents on the $100 valuation. So in Batavia the tax-payer paid on each one hundred dollars, 77 i cents; in Williamsburgh, 68f ; in Tate, 76i ; in Franklin, 68J ; in Washington, 72J ; in Monroe, 71 i ; and in Ohio, 75. The smallness of the school-tax strikes every one, but it now began to gradually increase year by year under the acts of 1825, 1826, and 1827, and those subsequently passed by the Legislature. In 1827, Wayne, Goshen, Stonelick, Union, and Miami townships levied no township tax, and in that year the county treasurer, John W. Robinson, spent two days in each of the then twelve townships between August 20th and September 15th to receive taxes, which was the first year the treasurer received taxes, the county collector up to that time doing the collecting. For the year ending June 2, 1829, the total receipts of Clermont were $10,866.83.2, and the entire disbursements, covering the State, county, township, and school purposes, $9195.57.4, of which $2.25 was to Thomas Kain for refreshments fur nished a jury in a State case. In 1829 the average rate of taxation throughout the county was eighty-four cents on the hundred dollars. For tho fiscal year closing June 4, 1833, the receipts of the county for all purposes were $16,368.72, and the ex penditures $13,019.86. In 1841 the rates of taxation by mills in the different townships were as follows on the dol lar : Batavia, 12f ; Williamsburgh, 11* ; Tate, llf ; Frank lin, 10J; Washington, 10J; Monroe, 91- ; Ohio, llf ; Union, 9f; Miami, 13; Goshen, 10f; Stonelick, 10 J- ; Wayne, 9 1 ; Jackson, 9f ; which made the average rate in the county 107^- cents on the hundred dollars. Of the above tax, 5 mills was for State and canal tax ; 4i for schools ; i of a mill for Union bridge ; and balance for township purposes. We give some general statistics of three periods. 1836. 1840. 1845. Value of lands and buildings $1,378,969 $1,401,764 $1,504,034 " town-lots and buildings... 253,625 272,698 167,530 " horses 218,640 243,200 274,960 " cattle 50,880 57,856 64,504 Merchants' capital and money at interest 90,878 101,823 181,194 Total valuat'n of taxable property...$l,994,492 $2,083,441 $2,208,778 The duplicate of 1846 shows as follows: State taxes, $18,813.02 ; county and township taxes, $16,296.98 ; law yers' and doctors' taxes, $17,325 ; delinquencies, $1071.19 ; and for same year the assessors returned 8400 horses, valued at $265,217; 52 mules, at $1332; 10,732 cattle, at $85,167; 26,604 sheep, at $14,829 ; 31,659 hogs, at $64,450 ; 592 pleasure-carriages, at $30,392; 799 watches, at $11,169 ; 7 pianos, at $1260. In 1849 the duplicates showed : Acres of Value of Value of land. land. personalty. Batavia 25,440 $460,746 $154,921 Williamsburgh 17,418 274,107 81,258 Tate 28,561 425,217 113,073 Franklin 24,333 458,601 126,396 Washington 22,224 429,236 153,027 Monroe 19,448 344,020 83,102 Ohio 22,470 504,583 176,209 Union 18,075 431,378 107,054 Miami 22,995 549,562 172,535 Goshen 20,056 264,908 83,530 Wayne 19,079 144,057 31,246 Stonelick 19,029 257,125 70,065 Jackson 18,470 153,306 36,571 Totals 277,598 $4,696,848 $1,388,987 From $2,083,441 in 1840, the duplicate jumped up to $6,085,833 in 1849, showing a marked era of prosperity. The following was the value in 1849 of real estate in the vii- 92 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. lages: Batavia, 855,930; Williamsburgh, 846,676 ; Bethel, S37.7S7 ; Felicity, $78,149 ; Chilo. S5746 ; Rural, 83S52 ; Utopia, $2363 ; Neville, 813.279 ; Moscow, 823,751 ; Point Pleasant, 897S9 ; Van Buren, 84SS9 : Freetown, 8510; New Richmond, 855.79S; Palestine, §5460; Milford, 858.420; Newberry, 81224; New Salisbury, 84200; Miamiville, S17S5 ; Goshen, 824.233 ; Woodville, $1762 ; Edenton, 8739; Newtonville, $663 ; Boston, 87405 ; Cyn thia Ann, S1664; Monterey, 8299 ; total, 844S,3S1. The new constitution went into effect in 1S51, and the necessary legislation under it, and the increase of popula tion, made a corresponding increase of Clermont's duplicate, which ran up to 8S5.809.S5 ; being the average increase that obtained in the other counties of the State under the new system of officers and laws regulating the body politic. In 1S62 it was $149,447.40, and in lSGSit was $189,272.06, showing a marked advance and rise as the necessary result of the long inflation period of prices and the speculative manner of business. The taxes in 1S79 for all purposes were 8224. S62. 299, divided as follows: Delinquencies and forfeitures, $16,- 497.69; county tax, $26,073.36; poor tax, $8691.12; bridge tax, 814,485.20 ; building tax, $7242.60 ; $18,066,24; township tax, $21,1S6.36 ; school tax, 859.75S.70 ; dog tax, 83434 ; town and village tax, $7425.64 ; and State tax, 842,007. OS. The duplicate stood : Real property in lands, $9,S94.000; in lots, $1,148,770; and in personal property, $3,442,430 ; total duplicate, $14,485,200. The county's taxes have increased in about the same proportion as those of other counties, all brought about by the same rules of political economy to meet the requirements of the wants of the people and to keep pace with the progress of the age. Rates of taxation in the county in 1879 by townships. Special school-districts and corporations by mills on the hundred dollars : Batavia 2.9 Williauisburgh 2.9 Tate 2.9 Franklin 2.9 Washington 2.9 Monroe 27"! Ohio 2.9 Pierce 2.9 Union 2.9 Miami 2.9 Goshen 2.9 Wayne 2.9 Stonelick 2.9 Jackson 2.9 Special School -Districts, oittside or Corporations. Batavia 2.9 Williamsburgh 2.9 Bethel 2.9 Felicity 2.9 Neville 2.9 Moscow 2.9 Xew Richmond 2.9 Mount Carmel 2. SI Miirord 2.9 Miamiville 2.9 Loveland 2.9 Boston 2.9 >.3 — « 3 C — P at e- = 3 C 3 i< ll — 'X . 5 -a g 111 *-§ = _d C S — - - 5 T 3> o 5 .2 ^ c ^ eg 4.2 7.5 1.46 4.2 4.5 1.16 4.2 5.7 1.28 4.2 5.3 1.24 4.2 4.5 1.16 4.2 5.S 1.29 4.2 10.9 1.S0 4.2 3.9 1.10 4.2 5.3 1.24 4.2 6.3 1.34 4.2 5.9 1.30 4.2 5.5 1.26 4.2 6.1 1.32 4.2 5.3 1.24 4.2 S.l 1.52 4.2 8.9 1.60 4.2 11.3 1.81 4.2 7.9 1.50 4.2 8.7 1.58 4.2 12.7 1.9S 4.2 12.3 1.94 4.2 9.3 1.64 4.2 9.3 1.64 4.2 0.3 1.34 4.2 9.3 1.64 4.2 0.0 1.26 CORPO RATIONS Batavia 2.9 Williainsbunrh 2.9 Bethel " 2.9 Felieitv 2.9 Seville 2.9 Moscow 2.9 Xew Richmond 2.9 Milford 2.9 Loveland 2.9 Boston 2.9 ^ K •?<=>' Si i< X SS — i. E- c , Zs S X C — "c J ?3i s-2 E- = >> -1 4.2 7.1 2.4 1.66 4.2 7.9 3.0 1.S0 4.2 10.3 2.6 2.00 4.2 fi.9 2.6 1.06 4.2 7.7 1.6 1.64 4.2 11.7 6 1.94 4.2 12.3 6.0 2.54 4.2 8.3 5.0 2.04 4.2 15.4 7.0 2.24 4.2 3.5 6 1.12 The increase of population is shown by comparing the number of inhabitants in the different decades : in 1810 there were 9965 inhabitants; in 1820, 15,820; in 1830, 20,466 ; in 1S40, 23,106 ; and for the next three decades the population is given by townships : ISoO. WGO. 1870. Batavia 2,791 Franklin 3,061 Goshen 1.937 Jackson 1.241 Miami 2.690 Monroe 1,897 Ohio 4,479 Pierce (formerly in Ohio) Stonelick 1.840 Tate 2.901 fuon 1,799 Washington 2.540 Wavne 1,394 Williamsburgh 1.S84 2.960 3.392 1.S32 1,579 2.995 1.944 3.220 1 .804 2,053 2,780 2,005 2,700 1.6312.085 !,3361.298 .876 1,659 .491 !.U891,375 3 ,880 4S3921 821690389 1.079 34.281 Total 30.455 We give the census reports for four previous decades : 1810,9965; 1S20, 15.S20 ; 1S30, 20,466; 1840,23,106. The census of the present year (1SS0), now being taken, will show the number of inhabitants to have increased to about 37,000. FAKM, OKCHARD, A>TD STOCK STATISTICS. Wheat. Kye. Buckwheat. Batavia Williauisburgh... Tate Franklin Washington Monroe Ohio Pierce Union Miami Goshen Wayne Stonelick Jackson Acres. 1.816 1,464 2.004 1.971 1.S61 1,351 455 315655 1,301 1,S6S1,5501.540 1,556 Bushels. 22 772 16,'965 20.39122,303 21.625 16,323 5,082 3.578 8,407 16,031 26,725 21,60728.679 18.806 Acres. Bushels. At res. Bushel;*. 151 1,306 8 5S S5 571 24 230 243 2,022 3 19 456 3.S0S 1 S 403 3,295 183 2.144 4 ... .70 2.75 55 590 54 562 9 69 41 305 21 •>>>•¦) 195 1,721 42 620 29 420 °3 345 172 1,698 14 140 50 704 7 66 Total 19,707 249,354 2,139 20,401 156 1,914 Oats. Barley. Batavia Williamsburgh... Tate Franklin Washington Monroe Ohio Pierce Union Miami Goshen Wayne Stonelick J;i kson Acres. 1,080 655 1.208 772857917 225 338 825 1,036 1,101 953 895 1,004 Bushel:,. 25,212 11,241 23,332 14,157 18.980 21.670 5.293 7,006 21,30225,002 32,386 27,077 20,976 2S.690 Acres. 13 14 Bushels. 390 25S I 33 53 20 515 Total 11,866 285,324 63 1,236 Acres. Bushels. 3,984 135,085 3,103 99,704 4.442 109,637 3,554 86,4 17 3,735 96,270 2.583 69,360 1,090 37,990 963 28,360 3,088 107,900 6,088 117,17.' 3,745 107,800 3,033 92,445 3,011 92,455 3.S77 93,240 46,601 1,270,S3S INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS AND GENERAL STATISTICS. 93 Clover. Flax. < H Batavia 1,443 1,280 Williamsburgh 1,055 977 Tute 2,1X6 1,576 Franklin 1,300 776 Washington 854 537 Monroe 1,070 899 Ohio 340 318 Pierce 504 540 Union 952 900 Miami 1,040 1,044 Goshen 1,786 1,764 Wayne 1,469 1,456 Stonelick 1,218 1,251 Jackson 1,369 1.373 Total 16,522 14,681 S fq •£ © O P >. 73 dl B *> J H •S •¦§ !! i I Miami 214 ... 36 178 Pleasant 156 24 1 1 178 Tate 46 116 ... 104 42 Ohio....! 216 7 ... 210 14 Lewis 8 101 64 1 13 Washington 247 ... 156 Perry 24 ... 6 Batavia 108 1 ... 100 6 Clark 90 3 ... 3 82 Williamsburgh 187 ... 182 2 Union 98 83 Stonelick 90 7 ... 46 33 Total 1026 717 65 845 631 There is not much politics per se in the above vote, but a heap of feeling on location. The vote on two represent atives was: THenry Chapman, 1055 (elected); John Den- * See history of AVilliamsburgh township. ham, 1023 (elected); Owen T. Fishback, 639; Gideon Minor, 774. The vote on sheriff was: Oliver Lindsey, 1325; John Earhart, 157; George S. Bryan, 297. Besides the vote above for commissioner, Silas Hutch inson got 32, — 17 in Stonelick and 15 in Union; and James Wells got 243, of which 86 were in Washington, 154 in Lewis, and 3 in Tate. Washington still continued the largest voting township. In pursuance of resolutions adopted by the Sixteenth General Assembly, submitting the question of calling a convention to amend the constitution, an election was held in 1818, which resulted in its defeat by ayes 6987 to noes 29,315 ; and the vote of Clermont was yeas 186, nays 1428, thus showing an almost unanimous indisposition of the people in the county to tinker with the organic law. From 1820 to 1824 was the very low ebb in the prices of farm-products in the West, and in this county pork, wheat, and other articles hardly paid for the moving. Money was scarce, and confidence in monetary circles of the commercial centres was greatly shaken, owing to the adverse news of business in Great Britain, then in the throes of financial depression. At the election in 1824 the total vote polled was 1917, and for member of Congress stood : David Morris, 1176; James Findlay, 288; James W. Gazlay, 240; Benjamin M. Piatt, 153. This was the first election for county auditor, for which office the returns showed Andrew Foote received 1794, and John McWil- liams 147. John Boggess, of Tate, beat 'Squire David Jones, of Ohio, for commissioner by 1436 to 509, and for coroner Robert Tweed had no opposition, and received 1429 votes. We give the vote for Governor and for two representatives, the latter being an exciting race and close : Governor. Two Representatives. Townships. Williamsburgh 125 Tate 135 Union 25 Goshen 19 Batavia 162 Stonelick Franklin AVashington. Wayne , Miami Ohio 1536 47 33 46 24 114106 81 29 137 85 100 4 19732S 16 116112 93 176 152 28 4 52 225 17 11 80 143 100 190153 26 5 50 227 11 144171 US 124 92 136 1 1 12 1 125122 Total 712 1205 1021 2 3S5 944 4 385 879 The election of 1832 was hotly contested and party lines closely drawn on the vote for Governor, which stood : Robert Lucas, Democrat, 1760 ; Darius Lyman, Whig, 1194. Dr. William Doane, of Withamsville, was elected representative over Dr. L. A. Hendrick, of Milford, by 1724 to 1206. For commissioner the vote was: Robert Donham, 1534; Otho Pearre, of Franklin, 1307; and David Jones, of Ohio, 126. The first county recorder was elected this year, and Benjamin Morris got the office, having received 1394 votes to 1217 for John Hawkins, 230 for Jonathan Johnson, 28 for T. S. Hill, and 25 scat tering. The excitement in the county was over the race for Congressman, and this fight stirred up the people, and kept 126 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Clermont agitated from centre to circumference. Owen T. Fishback was the Whig nominee; Thomas Morris, the reg ular Democratic candidate of a convention; William Rus sell, the standard-bearer of a few anti-Masons; and Thomas L. Hamer, an independent Democratic candidate of his own volition, and subject only to the wishes of the people as they might determine : Fishback. Hamer. Morris. Russell. Batavia 202 14 103 .. Williamsburgh 152 19 45 7 Tate 134 80 128 5 Franklin 95 101 47 2 Washington 59 67 99 Monroe 73 20 111 2 Ohio 99 58 242 Union 39 8 147 Miami 107 7 183 1 Goshen 77 26 63 Wayne 45 ... 73 Stonelick 98 9 78 2 1180 409 1319 19 The district was composed of Clermont, Adams, and Brown Counties. Fishback lived at Batavia, and Morris in Bethel, while Hamer resided at Georgetown. It will be seen that Fishback carried his and Morris' home town ships, but Morris got the county ; and yet Hamer was tri umphantly elected, as he swept Adams and Brown Counties like a tornado, and there it was his unsurpassed eloquence moved the sturdy yeomanry to patriotic and independent action, which resulted in his grand success. This was a canvass between three intellectual giants never before or since witnessed in the county, and its result had much to do with — in fact did do it — the fashioning and determining of the subsequent political history of the Union, if not its very preservation, as Hamer in Congress appointed young Ulysses S. Grant as a cadet to. West Point, and the after- success of this appointee is in the world's mouth. This election kept the old town of Bethel agog for days and nights, for there Morris lived, and there Hamer, a few years before, had read law in his present opponent's office, and news traveling slow, a week elapsed ere it was known that the " young mountain orator" had defeated the distin guished chieftains of the two strong and dominant political parties. In 1837 occurred an election that surprised the county in its results, it being the success of the Whigs for the three most important county offices, sheriff, treasurer, and auditor, and the bare escape of the Democrats from losing nearly the rest of their ticket. There had been mutterings and disaffections existing in the camps of the dominant party in the county for several years, and this season they found vent in open mutiny and rebellion, so that part of the official spoils fell, for a brief period, into the hands of the party before and since then in a minority in Clermont. The vote for senator was: Dowty Utter, 1627; David Fisher, 1557; John Joliffe (Abolition), 86. For repre sentative, Thomas J. Buchanan, 1729 ; John Boggess, 1840. For commissioner, William Roudebush, 2015 ¦ Jonathan Johnson, 1270. For prosecuting attorney, George S. Lee, 1657 ; Reader W. Clarke, 1621. For sur veyor, Squire Frazee, 1643; Samuel Ewing, 1537. For coroner, Joseph Wyatt, 1643; Thomas Sheldon, 1372- William Hall, 233. We give the vote for sheriff, treasurer, and auditor by townships : Sheriff. Treasurer. Auditor. u 0) "5 g fe •a u$ S P a-oca fl o >-s S3 1 H s .2% a> a a fl o <-> co»ll0) fe tn o> 3 246 138 157 53 286128 120 60 261 137 144 54 293 153 139 90 139150 229 148 130 163 159163 248 147 131 132 158 159 109170 22868740 105 63 125 211 193 188123 48 111 29 115165 38 104 91 36 120 68 125 215 172170122 53 101 23 109175 38 131 100 41 116 66 130 Ohio 204 174 139 114 46 96 26 Totals 1651 34 1617 1658 12 1646 1700 124 1576 It is proper to add that Thomas two years after was elected treasurer, and re-elected in 1841 ; that, when Beatty's time expired, Joshua H. Dial was elected auditor, and was twice after that re-elected ; and when Frazier's time expired, in 1841, Michael Cowen came in and rode four years as sheriff. So of these three men elected in 1837, "Uncle Ned Frazier," as he was popularly called, was the only one re-elected. Frazier hailed from Tate, Beatty from Goshen, and Robinson resided in Batavia. From 1837 on to about 1842 was another of those eras of financial depression which in the past century have regu larly occurred in all countries, and under all forms of gov ernment, but Clermont suffered less than perhaps most of the counties in Ohio. The year 1840 is memorable for the most exciting po litical campaign known in the history of our land, and the Harrison-Van Buren canvass, with its " log-cabin" and " hard-cider" memories, when the song of " Tippecanoe and Tyler too," reverberated throughout the length and breadth of the Union and swept from power the Van Bu ren dynasty, is worthy of mention in Clermont annals. The feelings of the people of our country were never before so wrought up, and music, song, wit, beauty, all entered into the fight and made the welkin ring with loud hurrahs for the hero of Tippecanoe and the bronzed soldier of frontier days. A monster Whig demonstration and meeting was held in Batavia, on August 6th, on the lots occupied now by Judge Philip B. Swing (the old Judge Fishback home stead) and Mrs. Judge Shepherd F. Norris. The orators were Tom Corwin, the silvery-tongued William W. South- gate, of Newport, Ky., and Robert C. Schenck, and over ten thousand people paraded the town with banners, flags, and bands. A big " log cabin" was put up, and its four corners " carried up," as the language of the slashes used to have it, by four veteran soldiers of the war of 1812, — Thomas Kain, Capt. Thomas Foster, and two others (names not accessible). The speech of Schenck excited the ire of Samuel Medary, then editor of The Statesmdn, at Colum bus, who, in the columns of his paper, attacked very per sonally the Schenck family, and out of which arose a street POLITICAL HISTORY. 127 fight between Medary and Schenck's brother, at that time a lieutenant in the navy. The Democrats, however, carried the county in October by 361 majority in a poll of 4205 votes, the largest ever cast up to that date, but Harrison was the victor in November following. For three represen tatives the vote stood : Thomas J. Buchanan, 2231 ; David G. Devore, 2267 ; Thomas L. Carothers, 2264 ; Reader W. Clarke, 1941 ; Gideon W. Dunham, 1919 ; Robert B. Harlan, 1921 ; for commissioner, William Roudebush, 2296 ; Simeon Goodwin, 1900 ; for assessor, John Page, 2262 ; Richard Pemberton, 1924 ; and for surveyor, Squire Frazee, 2297 ; Rasselas Whitcomb, 1895. For Governor and congressman the following was the vote by townships : Governor. Congress. • ^4 IP ^ S o° "O -n H £ •= = teg °3 FQ ho Pa flS .^a " fi Batavia 265 195 247 195 Williamsburgh 201 105 193 107 Tate 249 219 243 221 Franklin 226 223 225 223 AVashington 170 251 168 252 Monroe 120 180 116 184 Ohio 215 319 203 321 . Union 61 218 55 224 Miami 147 261 146 259 Goshen*...* Wayne 64 114 64 114 Stonelick 113 152 113 151 Jackson 101 46 101 46 Total 1922 2283 1888 2297 Clermont with Brown and Clinton made one district, electing three representatives, and the district vote was : Clermont. Brown. Clinton. R.W.Clarke 1941 1844 ]866f G. AV. Dunham 1919 1843 18651 R. B. Harlow 1921 1834 1861f T. J. Buchanan 2231 1996 1053 D. G. Devore 2267 1984 1050 T. L. Carothers 2264 2003 1059 The years 1828 and 1836 having been omitted in their order, and being Presidential years, when political excite ment ran high, we give a brief summary of the results of their October votes: In 1828, for Congress, James Findlay, 1617 ; David K. Este, 818 ; for two representatives, John Shaw, 1681; John Emery, 1554; Thomas Gatch, 874; Otho Pearre, 674 ; for commissioner, Samuel Perin, 1925 ; John Rogers, 500 ; for auditor, Andrew Foote, 979 ; Alexander Herring, 1642 ; for coroner, Moses Dim mitt, 2291 ; and for Governor, John W. Campbell (same man four years afterwards beaten by Thomas Morris for United States senator) defeated Allen Trimble by 769 majority. In 1836, tbe year Martin Van Buren was elected as Jackson's successor, Eli Baldwin carried the county for Governor by 1851 votes to 1396 for Joseph Vance, who, however, was elected. Thomas L. Hamer had for Congress — being his third and last term, save in 1846, when he was eleeted and died— 1837 votes to 1371 for Owen T. Fish back. For representative, Dowty Utter, of Washington, had 1786, and Thomas Gatch, of Miami, 1448 votes. Robert Donham, for commissioner, received 1851, and * No return counted. f Elected. John Boggess 1406. For assessor, — an officer then with county jurisdiction, elected biennially, with power to sit as a member of the board of equalization, and to have as many deputies as his duties required, — Moses Elstun, of Union, had 1862 votes, and Isaac Foster, of Williamsburgh town ship, 1367. In the Polk and Clay campaign of 1844 the political fever was raging at the hottest pitch, and when the news arrived in Batavia of the former's election a grand jollifica tion meeting was held, and Thomas J. Buchanan was the orator. At the October election John J. McDowell for Congress had 457 majority over J. H. Thompson ; William Roudebush, 479 over Simeon Goodwin for representative ; Jonathan Johnston, 521 for commissioner over McKinnie ; and Edmund Spence, 285 for recorder over Thomas J. Morris. In 1847 the vote stood for senator, Benjamin Evans, 1474; H. Bonnell, 1187 : for two representatives, Dr. J. C. Kennedy, 1481 ; S. F. Norris, 1478; Jacob L. Teal, 1180 ; Daniel Fee, 1198 : for sheriff, S. M. Walraven, 1478; Geo. Everhart, 1 188 : for treasurer, Abram Teetor, 1430 ; William Ulrey, 1207: for auditor, John Ferguson, 1476; E. F. W. Ellis, 1190: for commissioner, Jonathan Johnson, 1434; C. Butler, 1205 : prosecuting attorney, William Howard, 1425 ; Philip B. Swing, 1249 : for recorder, L. B. Leeds, 1387 ; T. J. Blorris, 1291 : for coroner, A. Buchanan, 1473 ; John Quinlan, 1191. Jonathan D. Morris had no opposi tion for Congress. The new constitution went into effect in 1851, in which year the first Probate judge, George S. Lee; was elected ; and the clerk, for the first time elected, was John S. Griffith, of Bethel. In 1854, Congress repealed the Missouri Compromise by the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska biil, which created the greatest political revolution ever known in American his tory, caused a complete upheaval in the free States, and was the precursor of the Rebellion and downfall of human slavery in the Southern States. Right on the heels of this came the organization of the so-called " Know-Nothing" or Amer ican party, which swept over the land like a hurricane, car rying all before it. At the October election in 1854, Shep herd F. Norris, of Batavia, the Democratic candidate for Supreme judge, was beaten by Joseph R. Swan by 77,423 votes, while Ohio had the previous year gone Democratic by 61,806 majority. In this county George L. Swing was elected Probate judge by 3201 votes to 1596 for George S. Lee; for clerk, J. M. McGrew had 3190 and J. S. Griffith 1602 ; for commissioner, John Conner had 3249 and Peter Buntin 1598. Peter S. Jones, Jacob Ebersole, and Edward Sinks were chosen infirmary directors, Jones being on both tickets. In 1855 the opposition to the Democrats elected two representatives, William West and Elbridge G. Ricker ; the sheriff, W. W. Perkins ; the treasurer, Thomas Glenn ; the auditor, M. S. Dimmitt; the prosecuting attorney, W. P. Fishback ; the commissioners (two), A. F. Morrison, W. P. Daughters ; infirmary director, A. V. Hopkins ; coroner, Edward Hughes ; and surveyor, Thomas W. Rathbone. In 1856 the Republicans elected Holly R. Perrine com missioner, and the next year re-elected W. W. Perkins 128 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. sheriff over John H. Branch. This year the Know-Noth ing or American party had what was called the " bob-tailed ticket," — the effect of which was to let the Democracy win. The great tide had now spent its force, and the Democrats regained and kept control of the county offices till the mem orable year of 1863. The political animosities were aroused during the Rebel lion, from 1861 to 1865, to a higher pitch than ever before or since known, and the campaign of 1863 was character ized by terrible virulence — both in the press, on the stump, and in ordinary local discussions. The county firmly and strenuously supported the war for the suppression of the Rebellion, and came to the cordial support of the general government as it had previously done in the war of 1812, and later with Mexico. The canvass of 1863 between John Brough and C. L. Vallandigham, for Governor, called out larger meetings than iu 1840, and brought out at the polls on election day the largest vote ever before polled in the county. The excitement of the campaign frequently culminated in personal and neighborhood wrangles and en counters, and many years elapsed ere the baneful effects of the angry feelings engendered that year were eradicated from the breasts of the people and politics again quieted down to its ordinary courses and channels. The vote stood : Brough. Vallandigham. County poll 3091 2979 Army vote 594 68 Total 3685 3047 The Republicans elected the following county officers : Amos Dawson, representative ; A. M. Sinks, clerk ; G. W. Hulick, Probate judge ; J. W. Hill, sheriff ; H. Smethurst, auditor ; William Hawkins, commissioner ; John Conner, infirmary director ; and P. T. Cox, coroner. The next year the Republicans had only a small majority, and elected Joseph Tritt, prosecuting attorney; Silas R. Hutchinson, commissioner ; C. W. Page, surveyor ; and Daniel Roude bush, infirmary director. In 1865, the Democrats secured the treasurer, D. E. Fee ; sheriff, James Crosson ; and au ditor, William Nichols; and the Republicans got the re corder, J. P. Clark ; commissioner, J. P. Molen ; infirmary director, Thomas Marsh ; and coroner, Adolph Shroeni. Next year the Democrats carried the county and regained their position, and, with occasional losses of some county officials, have retained it to the present. In 1871, John R. Woodlief, Republican, defeated for sheriff William D. Courts by 99 votes. In 1873 about 200 votes were cast for Isaac C. Collins, an independent candidate for Governor opposed to both the old parties. In 1877 the National Greenback party first figured in the county, and cast for its State ticket 308 votes. A year later the vote of this party for Governor was increased to 1029, and, in concert with the Republicans, elected as auditor M. J. W. Holter, and as clerk H. B. Mattox both of whom were first nominated by the Greenbackers and subsequently indorsed by the Republicans. Michael R. Rybolt, straight Republican, was elected commissioner over Robert Buchanan, the Democratic nominee. In 1879 the Greenback vote was only 403, and the only Democrat defeated was James Crosson, candidate for representative to the Legislature, over whom Dr. L. W. Bishop, Green back-Republican, triumphed, he having a majority of 38 votes. The two following lists show the status of the county on State and national questions from its organization to the present time : 18031805 1807.1808. 1810. 1812. 1814, 1S16,1818.1820. 1822. 1824.18261828, 1830.1832.1834. 1836.1838. 1840. 1842. 1844. 1846. 184S. 1850.1851, 1853.—" 1855.—1857.— 1859. 1861. 1863.. 1865.1867. 1869.1871.. 1873.- 1875.-1877.- 1879.- VOTBS FOR GOVERNOR IN THE COUNTY. , — Not recorded. —Edward Tiffin, 519. , — Return Jonathan Meigs, 175; Nathaniel Massie, 257; Thomas Worthington, 269. — Samuel Huntington, 222; Thomas Worthington, 385; Thomas Kirker, 7. ,— R. J. Meigs, 394; Thomas Worthington, 304. — R. J. Meigs, 402; Thomas Scott, 491. , — Thomas Worthington, 315; Othniel Looker, 623. . — Thomas AVorthington, 723; James Dunlap, 524. . — Ethan Allen Brown, 778; James Dunlap, 211. , — Ethan Allen Brown, 974; Jeremiah Morrow, 31; William II. Harrison, 4. —Jeremiah Morrow, 869; Allen Trimble, 740; AVilliam W. Irwin, 4. — Jeremiah Morrow, 1203 ; Allen Trimble, 712. —Allen Trimble, 1523; John Bigger, 108; Alex. Campbell, 155; Benjamin Tappan, 92. —John W. Campbell, 1605; Allen Trimble, 836. — Robert Lucas, 1174; Duncan McArthur, 933. — Robert Lucas, 1760; Darius Lyman, 1194. — Robert Lucas, 1327; James Findlay, 670, —Joseph Vance, 1396; Eli Baldwin, 1851. — AVilson Shannon, 2006; Joseph Vance, 1603. — AVilson Shannon, 2283; Thomas Corwin, 1922. — Wilson Shannon, 2511; Thomas Corwin, 1969; Leicester King, 55. —David Tod, 2646; Mordecai Bartley, 2123 ; Leicester King, 114. —David Tod, 2195; William Bebb, 1825; Samuel Lewis, 127. —John B. Weller, 2640; Seabury Ford, 2142. —Reuben Wood, 1841 ; AVilliam Johnston, 1585 ; Edward Smith, 80. —Reuben Wood, 2252; Samuel F. Vinton, 1761; Samuel Lewis, 158. William Medill, 2345; Nelson Barrere, 1345; Samuel Lewis, 586. William Medill, 2423 ; Salmon P. Chase, 2336 ; Allen Trimble, 456. Henry B. Paine, 2563; Salmon P. Chase, 1952; Philadelph Van Trump, 446. -Rufus P. Ranney, 2988; AVilliam Dennison, 2689. ¦Hugh J. Jewitt, 2932; David Tod, 2758. ¦John Brough, 3685 ; C. L. Vallandigham, 3047. ¦George W. Morgan, 3307 ; Jacob D. Cox, 3336. -Allen G. Thurman, 3737; Rutherford B. Hayes, 3246. -George H. Pendleton, 3784 ; Rutherford B. Hayes, 2950. ¦George W. McCook, 3468 ; Edward F. Noyes, 3324. William Allen, 3475 ; Edward F. Noyes, 3003; Isaac C. Col lins, 193; Gideon T. Stewart, 2. William Allen, 4036; Rutherford B. Hayes, 3480; John Buchtel, 6. Richard M. Bishop, 3859 ; William H. West, 3043 ; Stephen Johnson, 268; H. A. Thompson, 12 j L. H. Bond, 2. Thomas Ewing, 4070; Charles Foster, 3677; A. S. Piatt, 403; Gideon T. Stewart, 2. VOTE OF THE COUNTY FOR PRESIDENT. Until the year 1876 the returns of the vote in Ohio for Presidential electors were returned by the judges of the election to the sheriff, who, at a designated time, delivered them to the Secretary of State, at the capitol, hence the full returns of the county are not of record in the county, and only a few of them accessible, yet sufficient for comparison. POLITICAL HISTORY. 129 1824.— Jackson, 914; Clay, 318; Adams, 324. 1832.— Jackson, 2140; Clay, 1217. 1836.— Van Buren, 2029; Harrison, 1467. 1844. .- Polk's Majority. Clay's Majority. Batavia 48 AVilliamsburgh 102 Tate 65 Franklin I Washington 42 Monroe 47 Ohio (including Pierce) 214 Union 181 Miami 92 Goshen 3 Stonelick 37 Wayne ; 74 Jackson 42 691 257 Polk's majority, 334. 1852.— Pierce, 2765; Scott, 2213; Hale, 409. 1856.— Buchanan, 2741; Fremont, 2188; Fillmore, 781. I860.— Douglas, 3206 ; Lincoln, 2965 ; Bell, 209 ; Breckenridge, 57. 1864. Lincoln. McClellan. Batavia 315 262 Williamsburgh 274 136 Tate 270 260 Franklin 290 378 Washington, 1st precinct 156 150 " 2d " 72 116 Monroe 159 208 Ohio 246 220 Pierce 124 170 Union 100 261 Miami 297 282 Goshen 182 166 AVayne 97 193 Stonelick 159 190 Jackson 144 150 2888 3142 Army vote 428 172 Totals 3316 3314 Lincoln's majority in county, 2. 1868. Grant. Seymour. Batavia 376 326 Franklin 283 398 Goshen 201 215 Jackson 180 171 Miami 366 287 Monroe 198 213 Ohio 347 273 Pierce 140 217 Stonelick • 200 211 Tate 291 301 Union..... 147 289 Washington, N. P 76 132 " S. P 196 192 Wayne 134 231 Williamsburgh 340 138 3475 3594 Seymour's majority, 119. 1872. Grant. Greeley. Batavia 324 314 Franklin 308 407 Goshen 181 191 Jackson 168 171 Miami — Loveland 127 198 " Milford 137 118 " Newberry 99 53 Monroe 195 215 Ohio 398 303 Pierce 132 250 Stonelick 168 214 Tate 282 270 Union 126 256 Washington — Moscow 92 S2 " Neville 127 92 North 69 131 Wayne 148 241 AVilliamsburgh 327 152 3408 3658 Greeley's majority, 250. 17 1876. Tilden. Hayes. Batavia 423 394 Franklin 456 366 Goshen 219 210 Jackson 195 188 Miami— Loveland 22S 163 " Milford 156 172 " Newberry 52 106 Monroe 241 229 Ohio 326 391 Pierce 275 161 Stonelick 251 175 Tate 342 304 Union 305 171 Wayne 297 151 Washington— Neville 110 122 " " Moscow 95 103 North 144 86 AVilliamsburgh 200 356 4315 3848 Tilden's majority, 465. REPRESENTATIVES. The following are the representatives in the Legislature from Clermont County, with years of election. From 1851 the term was two years, instead of one. 1803 (January). — Roger Walter AVaring, Williamsburgh township; Amos Ellis, Pleasant township. 1803 (October). — Daniel Fagin, Pleasant township; Jonathan Taylor, AVashington township. 1804. — Robert Higgins, Pleasant township. 1805. — Jonathan Taylor, Washington township. 1806. — David C. Bryan, AVilliamsburgh township.* 1807. — John Pollock, Miami township. 1808.— Thomas Morris, Tate township; William Fee, Washington township. 1809 — John Pollock, Miami township ; Amos Ellis, Pleasant township. 1810-11. — John Pollock, Miami township; Thomas Morris, Tate township. 1812. — John Pollock, Miami township ; Geo. C. Light, Ohio township. 1813-14. — John Pollock, Miami township; John Boggess, Tate town ship. 1815. — John Pollock, Miami township; AVilliam Fee,-J- Washington township. 1816. — Henry Chapman, Pleasant township; Gideon Minor, Wash ington township. 1S17. — Henry Chapman, Pleasant township; John Denham, Tate township. 1818. — Henry Chapman, Pleasant township; John Shaw, Ohio town ship. 1819. — Alexander Campbell, Pleasant township ; David Morris, Tate township. 1820. — Thomas Morris, Tate township. 1821. — Gideon Minor, Franklin township. 1S22. — John McAVilliams, Goshen township. 1823. — William Williams, Miami township. 1S24. — Thomas Gatch, Miami township ; Dr. A. V. Hopkins, Tate township. 1825. — Thomas Gatch, Miami township ; John K. Morris, Tate town ship. 1826. — Thomas Gatch, Miami township; Owen T. Fishback, Batavia township. 1827. — Thomas Gatch, Miami township ; John Shaw, Ohio township. 1S2S. — John Shaw, Ohio township ; John Emery, Miami township. 1S29. — Gideon Minor, Franklin township. 1830. — Samuel Perin, Miami township; John Shaw, Ohio township. 1831-32. — Dr. William Doane, Union township. 1833. — Festus Dunning, Goshen township. 1834. — Samuel Medary, Batavia township. 1835-36. — Dowty Utter, Washington township. 1837-39.— Thomas J. Buchanan, Batavia township. * Seat contested and given to Thomas Morris, Tate township. •f- Contested by Christian Miles, an elector, on the ground of hold ing a lucrative office (inspector), and decided ineligible December 8th. Mr. Fee was again elected, and resumed his office Jan. 3, 1816. 130 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. 1840-41. — Reader AV. Clarke, Batavia township. 1842. — No representation. 1843. — William Roudebush, Stonelick township ; James F. Sargent,® Washington township. 1844. — William Roudebush, Stonelick township. 1845-46. — David Dial, Batavia township. 1847. — Dr. James C. Kennedy, Franklin township; Shepherd F. Nor ris, Batavia township. 1848. — Shepherd F. Norris, Batavia township. 1849-50. — Dennis Smith, Stonelick township. 1851. — Dr. Elisha Bennett, Union township. 1853. — Dr. John P. Emery, Miami township. 1855. — AVilliam West, AVilliamsburgh township; Elbridge G. Ricker, Pierce township. 1857.— Thomas Hitch, Batavia township ; Moses S. Pickelheimer, AVayne township. 1859. — Dr. John E. Myers, Goshen township. 1861. — John Ferguson, Pierce township. 1863. — Amos Dawson, Ohio township. 1865. — Rev. Azariah AV. Coan, Ohio township; Abram Teetor,f Goshen township. 1866. — John H. Branch, Miami township. 1867. — John II. Branch, Miami township; William Shaw, Monroe township. 1869. — William Shaw, Monroe township. 1871. — Ira Ferguson, Monroe township. 1873-75. — Samuel A. West, Miami township. 1877. — James Crosson, Wayne township. 1879.— Ira Ferguson, Monroe township ; Dr. Leonard W. Bishop, Ba tavia township. In the years 1840-43 Clermont, Clinton, and Brown Counties formed a district, with three representatives, save in the year 1842, when it had four (none from Clermont) ; and in 1847 this county had one representative proper (Shepherd F. Norris) and an additional one (Dr. James C. Kennedy) joined with Brown County as a district. SENATORS IN LEGISLATURE. Part of the time Clermont has been a senatorial district of itself alone, and then a district joined with Brown County, and four years with Brown and Clinton, but the senators are given who lived in Clermont when elected (for the term of two years) : 1803.— AVilliam Buchanan, Washington township ;{ James Sargent, Washington township. 1805.— James Sargent, AVashington township. 1807-9.— David C. Bryan,? Williamsburgh township. 1810. — AVilliam Fee, AVashington township. 1811.— Levi Rogers, Tate township. 1813.— Thomas Morris, Tate township. 1815. — John Boggess, Tate township. 1317-19. — John Pollock, Miami township. 1821.— Thomas Morris, Tate township. 1823.— Owen T. Fishback, Williamsburgh township. 1825-27.— Thomas Morris, Tate township. 1829.— Dr. AVilliam Wayland, Batavia township. 1831.— Thomas Morris, Tate township. 1833.— Dr. William Doane, Union township. 1835.— Samuel Medary, Batavia township. 1837-39.— Dowty Utter, || Washington township. 1845.— Dowty Utter, Washington township. 1849.— William Howard, Batavia township. * Died during his term. t Died in office; John H. Branch elected to fill vacancy Oclbered " JaDUary'and hiS S— or *«f«I * the following { Resigned to accept the clerkship of the Clermont Court of Com mon Pleas, to which he was appointed in 1810 se!ators84I~44' " diStriCt WUh °liDt°n and E— -which got the 1853. — Michael H. Davis, Ohio township. 1857. — Dr. William P. Kincaid, Washington township. 1861. — John Johnston, Batavia township. 1865-67. — Samuel F. Dowdney, Batavia township. 1873-75. — Henry V. Kerr, Batavia township. The senators and representatives in the General Assembly from other counties who represented districts composed in part of Clermont County, with their years of election and service and places of residence, are as follows : SENATORS. 1841.— Griffith Foos, Jr., Clinton County. 1842. — James Loudon, Brown County. 1843.— W. H. Baldwin, Clinton County; James Loudon, Brown County. 1847. — Benjamin Evans, Brown County. 1851. — Sanders W. Johnson, Brown County. 1855. — Chambers Baird, Brown County. 1859.— Clinton A. White, Brown County. 1863. — James Loudon, Brown County. 1869-71. — Learner B. Leeds, Brown County. 1877-79.— George P. Tyler, Brown County. REPRESENTATIVES. 1S40.—R.B. Harlan, Clinton County; Gideon W. Dunham, Brown County. 1841.— Gideon W. Dunham, Brown County; Stephen Evans, Clinton County. 1842.— David Fisher, Thomas Ross, Clinton County; Moses Rees John D. AVhite, Brown County. 1843. — John D. AVhite, Brown County. In 1841-43 the senatorial district was Clinton, Brown and Clermont, and ever since, Clermont and Brown. In 1840-43 the representative district was Clinton, Brown, and Clermont ; at all other times, Clermont by itself. MEMBERS OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. The first Constitutional Convention in Ohio was con vened at Chillicothe from Nov. 1 to Nov. 29, 1802, and the two members from Clermont were Philip Gatch and James Sargent, who were elected Oct. 12, 1802. The second convention assembled at Columbus, May 6, 1850, and adjourned July 9, 1850, to reassemble at Cincinnati Dec. 2, 1850. It was finally adjourned March 10, 1851. The member from Clermont was Shepherd F. Norris, but John H. Blair, of Georgetown, represented Clermont and Brown Counties jointly. At the election for members in Clermont, April 1, 1850, S. F. Norris and Philip B. Swing were the candidates, the former receiving 1634 and the latter 1520 votes. The vote on the adoption of this con stitution in Clermont, June, 1851, was, in favor, 2263; opposed, 1798 ; an affirmative majority of 465. The third Constitutional Convention assembled at Colum bus, May 13, 1873, adjourned August 8th, and reassembled at Cincinnati, Dec. 2, 1873, and finished its labors May 15, 1874. The member from Clermont was John Shaw, of Ohio township, elected in April, 1873, by a vote of 2635 against 2437 cast for Thomas M. Lewis. The people of Clermont adopted the new constitution by overwhelming majorities. CLERKS OF THB GENERAL ASSEMBLY. ^ Richard Collins, of Tate, was clerk of the Senate of the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth General As- POLITICAL HISTORY. 131 semblies, for the years 1818, 1819, and 1820. In his first year Robert Lucas was speaker of the Senate, and in his last two years Allen Trimble was the speaker, — both subse quently Governors of the State. Of the House of Representatives of the Fiftieth General Assembly, that assembled on Jan. 5, 1852, — the first one under the new constitution, — Mahlon H. Medary, of Ba tavia, was clerk, having been elected by 65 votes to 26 cast for E. J. Hutchinson, but resigned during the second session, March 7, 1853. SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE. _ John Pollock, of Milford, was elected speaker of the House of Representatives of the Eleventh, Twelfth, and Thirteenth General Assemblies, which convened at the capital— Chillicothe— in the years 1812, 1813, and 1814. Thomas J. Buchanan, of Batavia, was elected speaker of the House of Representatives of the Thirty-eighth General Assembly, that convened at Columbus on Dec. 2, 1839. MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. The first member of Congress from this county was Dr. William Doane, of Withamsville, elected in 1838 to the Twenty-sixth Congress from the fifth Congressional district, composed of Clermont, Brown, and Adams Counties, and re-elected in 1840, and who served two terms of two years each, — from 1839 to 1843. The next member was Jonathan D. Morris, of Batavia, elected in 1847 to the Thirtieth Congress from the seventh district, comprising Clermont, Brown, and Highland Counties, and who, in 1848, was re-elected, his term expiring in 1851, making four years. Mr. Morris was first elected to fill the va cancy occasioned by the death of Gen. Thomas L. Hamer, elected in 1846, being at that time in the military ser vice of the United States in Mexico, where he died pre vious to the conA'ening of the Thirtieth Congress. There was no opposition in Clermont to the election of Gen. Hamer, nor to that of Mr. Morris the first time. Wil liam Howard, of Batavia, was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress in 1858, from the sixth district, composed of Clermont, Brown, Adams, and Highland Counties, and served one term, which ended on March 4, 1861, just at the opening of the late great Rebellion and when Congress was "deeply stirred by questions of the greatest moment to the country. Reader W. Clarke, of Batavia, was elected a member of Congress from the sixth district, composed of Clermont, Brown, Clinton, Fayette, and Highland Counties, in 1864, and in 1866 was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and assisted in the work of the reconstruction of the States lately in rebellion. We give the vote at Mr. Clarke's first election, in 1864 : R. W. Clarke. Chilton A. White. Home Army Home Army Vote. Vote. Vote. Vote. Brown 2,167 434 2,434 100 Clermont 2,712 424 2,925 69 Clinton 2,140 353 1,160 48 Fayette 1,406 217 1,103 25 Highland 2,348 461 2,361 49 11,179 1,889 9,887 291 Clarke's whole vote 12,662 White's whole vote 10,178 Clarke's majority 2,484 Since then the boundaries of the district in which this county is situated have been twice changed, but no Cler- monter elected. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. The following district Presidential electors have been from this county: 1840, Abraham Mile/, who voted for William Henry Harrison for President and John Tyler for Vice-President; 1844, Reader W. Clarke, who voted for Henry Clay for President and Theodore Frelinghuysen for Vice-President; 1860, John M. Kellum, who voted for Abraham Lincoln for President and Hannibal Hamlin for Vice President ; 1872, George W. Hulick, who voted for Ulysses S. Grant for President and Henry Wilson for Vice-President. UNITED STATES SENATORS. On Dec. 15, 1832, Thomas Morris, of Bethel, was elected United States senator for six years from the 4th of March, 1833, in place of Benjamin Ruggles, by the follow ing vote : Thomas Morris, 54 ; John W. Campbell, 49 ; scattering, 4, — being the majority of one vote. For four years Mr. Morris had for his colleague Thomas Ewing, who had been elected in 1830 (on December 29th), on the seventh joint ballot of the Legislature, by two majority; and for the other two years of his term in the Senate he had for his colleague William Allen, elected on the thir teenth joint ballot of the General Assembly, on Jan. 19, 1837, by two majority over Mr. Morris' former colleague, Thomas Ewing. FEDERAL AND STATE JUDGES. In 1809, Thomas Morris, of Bethel, was elected by the Legislature one of the Supreme judges of Ohio, on account of the ability he had acquired as a lawyer and a leader of the House of Representatives in conducting the impeach ment against Calvin Pease and John Tod, two judges of Ohio, for an alleged unconstitutional interference with the powers and duties of justices of the peace, to whom juris diction in cases not exceeding twenty dollars was given. The General Assembly following the one that elected Mr. Morris to the bench revised the laws for a second time. Seven years had now elapsed since the first Legislature convened, and the question was agitated whether a new and general election of judges ought to take place. On the one side it was contended that the original appointments were for the term of seven years, and that those who had been elected to fill vacancies could only serve out the resi due of the original term. On the other, this construction of the constitution was opposed as violent, forced, and un necessary, and the opposite doctrine was maintained, that every judge elected to fill a vacancy was elected for the term of seven years, and entitled to hold his office for that time unless constitutionally removed. In support of this doctrine, this construction, the law regulating commissions was cited, and it was shown that the constant practice had hitherto been to commission every newly-elected judge for the full term. A resolution, however, was passed adopting the first construction, and extending its principle to the other State officials. This resolution, in effect, declared all the judicial offices vacant; and the Legislature (in 1810) 132 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. proceeded to elect judges of the Supreme Court and of the different Courts of Common Pleas. They reduced the number of judges of the Supreme Court, which had been increased to four in 1809, to three. The effect of this act was to deprive Thomas Morris, who had been duly elected and commissioned as judge in 1809, of his seat upon the bench. He never presided, and the only official act known to have ever been performed by him judicially was just before the meeting of the Legislature that legislated him out, in administering, in November, 1809, the oath of office to Oliver Lindsey as sheriff of the county, to which he had been elected the month previous. On March 31, 1871, Philip B. Swing, of Batavia, was appointed by President Grant Judge of the District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, to fill the vacancy oc casioned by the death of Humphrey H. Leavitt, who had been on the Federal bench since July 10, 1834, — the day of his appointment by President Jackson. Judge Leavitt was from Steubenville, and for twenty years was the sole government judge of the District Court in the State, and until Ohio was divided into the northern and southern dis tricts, and Cincinnati made the seat of the latter's sittings. Judge Swing, in his nine years' administration, has made an honored name throughout the country. His administra tion has been able, pure, and dignified, giving him a well- deserved reputation for his decisions. Coming of an honor able lineage, celebrated 'in the pioneer annals of the county, born, reared, and educated in Clermont, where he had prac ticed for a quarter of a century his profession in a most successful and honorable manuer, he has maintained on the bench the character of an eminent and upright judge. Thomas Q. Ashburn, of Batavia, was appointed in Feb ruary, 1876, by Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, one of the five judges of the Supreme Court commission for three years; and his term expired Feb. 1, 1879. This court, created by the Legislature under the provisions of the con stitution, had the same authority as the regular Supreme Court, and was designed to assist in deciding continued and accumulated cases, and help to clear the dockets. This was the first court commission ever in the State, and ten years must elapse before another can be appointed. The decisions of the commission were received with favor, and are published by the State law reporter. Henry V. Kerr, of Batavia, is the present State libra rian, receiving his appointment from Governor R. M. Bishop, March 17, 1879, for the full term of two years. Mr. Kerr is a native of New York, but came to Clermont many years ago, and served as county recorder from 1853 to 1859, and was elected State senator in 1873. For ei"ht years he was editor of the Clermont Sun, where he gave proof of extensive culture, great reading, and indomitable energy. Under the joint administration of Mr. Kerr and his assistant, Miss Mary C. Harbaugh, for many years an assistant in that office, the library is managed in the best interests of the public, and to the satisfaction of those who consult it. In addition to the foregoing many former citizens of Clermont achieved distinction in other States. Isaac N Morris (son of Senator Thomas Morris) was an able mem ber of Congress from the Quincy, 111., district, and a trusted friend of President Lincoln, who often consulted him on affairs of state. Samuel W. Holmes, of Seymour, Ind. became a leading politician in that State, and for years held important offices. Col. Jed. Brush, the cattle- king of Colorado, has been a prominent member of the Legislature of that State. Hon. James Shaw was a hero in the struggle for Texan independence, and a Congressman of that republic ; and many others were equally eminent in other localities. There is hardly another county that has furnished more Federal officials than Clermont. At one time it had sixty persons in the employ of the government at Washington furnishing such distinguished officials as J. Milton Megrew, Sixth Auditor of the U. S. Treasury, and J. L. French, of the Postmaster-General's Department, both noted as officers unsurpassed in efficiency. TERRITORIAL DELEGATES AND MEMBERS OF CONGRESS REPRESENTING CLERMONT COUNTY FROM 1799 TO 1880 —COMPOSITION OF THE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS. 1799. — The first delegate from the Northwest Territory was William II. Harrison, — elected President in 1840, — who resigned to accept the Governorship of the Territory of Indiana, and was succeeded as delegate by William Mc Millan, of Cincinnati. 1801. — Paul Fearing, of Marietta, was the third and last delegate who represented the Territory in Congress. 1803.— Up to 1813 the State had but one member of Congress in the House of Representatives, who was Jere miah Morrow, of Warren County, the representative in the Eighth to Twelfth Congress. 1813. — The first Congressional apportionment in Ohio was made by the Tenth General Assembly, by act passed Feb. 14, 1812, dividing the State into six Congressional districts on the basis of the census of 1810, and Clermont, with Highland, Fayette, Clinton, Greene, and Adams, was made the Second district, and John Alexander, of Greene, was the representative from 1813 to 1817, in Thirteenth and Fourteenth Congresses, and was succeeded by John W. Campbell, of Adams, who served from 1817 to 1823, in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Congresses. 1823. — The Twentieth General Assembly of Ohio, on May 23, 1822, divided the State into fourteen Congres sional districts, and Clermont, with Hamilton, composed the First, and James W. Garlay, of Hamilton, served from 1823 to 1825, in the Eighteenth Congress, and James Findlay, of the same county, from 1825 to 1833, in the Nineteenth, Twentieth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-second Congresses. 1833. — The Thirtieth General Assembly of Ohio, on June 13, 1832, passed an act dividing the State into nine teen Congressional districts, of which Clermont, Brown, and Adams composed the Fifth, and Thomas L. Hamer, of Brown, served from 1833 to 1839, in the Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-fifth Congresses, and Dr. Wil liam Doane, of Withamsville, Clermont Co., served from 1839 to 1843, in the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses. 1843. — The Forty-first General Assembly of Ohio, by an act passed March 13, 1843, divided the State into twenty- POLITICAL HISTORY. 133 one Congressional districts, of which Clermont, Brown, and Highland composed the Seventh, and John J. McDowell, of Highland, served from 1843 to 1847, in the Twenty- eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses; Jonathan D. Morris, of Batavia, Clermont Co., served from 1847 to 1851, in the Thirtieth and Thirty-first Congresses ; and Nelson Barrere, of Highland, served from 1851 to 1853, in the Thirty- second Congress. Up to this date (1843) it had been the invariable custom of the Legislature to make the Congressional apportionment as soon as the census returns were had, and not to change it until after the next census, but the Forty-third General Assembly of Ohio was the first to make an innovation on the precedent, and on March 12, 1845, made, by a special enactment, a new Congressional apportionment by changing several of the districts ; but the Seventh (Clermont district) was not disturbed. 1853. — The Fiftieth General Assembly of Ohio, by act passed April 30, 1852, divided the State into twenty-one Congressional districts, of which Clermont, Brown, Adams, and Highland composed the Sixth, and whose representa tive from 1853 to 1855, in the Thirty-third Congress, was Andrew Ellison, of Brown ; from 1855 to 1857, in the Thirty-fourth Congress, was Jonas R. Emrie, of Highland; from 1857 to 1859, iu the Thirty-fifth Congress, was Jo seph R. Cockerell, of Adams; and from 1859 to 1861, in the Thirty-sixth Congress, was William Howard, of Bata via, Clermont Co. ; aud from 1861 to 1863, in the Thirty- seventh Congress, was Chilton A. White, of Brown. 1863.— The Fifty-fifth General Assembly of Ohio, by an act passed April 26, 1862, divided the State into nine teen Congressional districts, of which Clermont, Brown, Clinton, Fayette, and Highland composed the Sixth, whose representative from 1863 to 1865, in the Thirty-eighth Congress, was Chilton A. White, of Brown ; from 1865 to 1869, in the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses, was Reader W. Clarke, of Batavia, Clermont Co. ; and from 1869 to 1873, in the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, was John A. Smith, of Highland. 1873. — The Sixtieth General Assembly of Ohio, by an act passed April 27, 1872, divided the State into twenty Congressional districts, of which Clermont, Butler, Clinton, Warren, and Fayette composed the Third, whose represen tative from 1873 to 1875, in the Forty-third Congress, was John Quincy Smith, of Clinton ; from 1875 to 1877, in the Forty-fourth Congress, was John S. Savage, of Clin ton ; and from 1877 to 1879, in the Forty-fifth Congress, was Mills Gardner, of Fayette. 1879. — The second violation of Congressional apportion ment precedent was made by the Sixty-third General Assembly of Ohio, which, by an act passed May 15, 1878j repealed the act- of six years previous, not waiting until the next census, as, with one exception noted, had been the precedent, and made a new apportionment, putting Cler mont with Brown, Adams, Highland, and Clinton, whose representative from 1879 to 1881, in the Forty-sixth Con gress, was Henry L. Dickey, of Highland. 1880. — In February the Legislature repealed the appor tionment of May 15, 1878,, and enacted the one of April 27, 1872. GOVERNORS OF OHIO. The following were the Territorial and State Governors from the organization of the first civil government, in 1788, in the Northwest Territory, of which the State of Ohio was a part, untiLthe year 1880 : Arthur St. Clair, from July 13, 1788, to 1802. Charles Willing Byrd, from 1 802 to March 3, 1803. Edward Tiffin, from March 3, 1803, to March 4, 1807. Thomas Kirker, from March 4, 1807, to Dec. 12, 1808. Samuel Huntington, from Dec. 12, 1808, to Dec. 8, 1810. Return Jonathan Meigs, from Dec. 8, 1810, to March 25, 1814. Othniel Looker, from April 14, 1814, to Dec. 8, 1814. Thomas Worthington, from Dec. 8, 1814, to Dec. 14, 1818. Ethan Allen Brown, from Dec. 14, 1818, to Jan. 4, 1822. Allen Trimble, from Jan. 7, 1822, to Dec. 28, 1822. Jeremiah Morrow, from Dec. 28, 1822, to Dec. 19, 1826. Duncan McArthur, from Deo. 19, 1826, to Dee. 18, 1830. Robert Lucas, from Dec. 18, 1830, to Dec. 7, 1832. Joseph Arance, from Dec. 7, 1832, to Dec. 13, 1836. Wilson Shannon, from Dec. 13, 1838, to Dec. 16, 1840. Thomas Corwin, from Deo. 16, 1840, to Dec. 14, 1842. Wilson Shannon, from Dec. 14, 1842, to April 13, 1844. Thomas W. Bartley, from April 13, 1844, to Dec. 3, 1844. Mordecai Bartley, from Dec. 3, 1844, to Dec. 12, 1S46. William Bebb, from Dec. 12, 1846, to Jan. 22, 1849. Seabury Ford, from Jan. 22, 1849, to Dec. 12, 1850. Reuben Wood, from Dec. 12, 1850, to July 15, 1853. William Medill, from July 15, 1853, to Jan. 14, 1856. Salmon P. Chase, from Jan. 14, 1856, to Jan. 9, 1860. AVilliam Dennison, from Jan. 9, 1860, to Jan. 13, 1862. David Tod, from Jan. 13, 1862, to Jan. 12, 1864. John Brough, from Jan. 12, 1S64, to Aug. 29, 1865. Charles Anderson, from Aug. 30, 1865, to Jan. 9, 1866. Jacob D. Cox, from Jan 9, 1866, to Jan. 13, 1868. Rutherford B. Hayes, from Jan. 13, 1S68, to Jan. 8, 1872. Edward F. Noyes, from Jan. 8, 1872, to Jan. 12, 1874. William Allen, from Jan. 12, 1874, to Jan. 14, 1876. Rutherford B. Hayes, from Jan. 14, 1876, to March 2, 1877. Thomas L. Young, from March 2, 1877, to Jan. 14, 1878. Richard M. Bishop, from Jan. 14, 1S78, to Jan. 14, 1880. Charles Foster, Jan. 14, 1880. UNITED STATES SENATORS From Ohio since its Admission into the Union in 1802, with Residence and Time of Service. John Smith, Hamilton, from 1803 to 1808. Thomas Worthington, Ross, from 1803' to 1807 and 1810 to 1814. Edward Tiffin, Ross, from 1807 to 1809. Return Jonathan Meigs, AVashington, from 1808 to 1810. Stanley Griswold, Cuyahoga, 1809. Alexander Campbell, Adams, from 1809 to 1813. Jeremiah Morrow, Warren, from 1813 to 1819. Joseph Kerr, Ross, from 1814 to 1815. Benjamin Ruggles, Belmont, from 1815 to 1833. William Allen Trimble, Highland, from 1819 to 1821. Ethan Allen Brown, Hamilton, from 1822 to 1825. AVilliam Henry Harrison, Hamilton, from 1825 to 1828. Jacob Burnet, Hamilton, from 1828 to 1831. Thomas Ewing, Fairfield, from 1831 to 1837 and 1850 to 1851. Thomas Morris, Clermont, from 1833 to 1839. William Allen, Ross, from 1837 to 1849. Benjamin Tappan, Jefferson, from 1839 to 1845. Thomas Corwin, AVarren, from 1845 to 1851. Benjamin Franklin AVade, Ashtabula, from 1851 to -1869. Salmon P. Chase, Hamilton, from 1849 to 1855, 1861* George Ellis Pugh, Hamilton, from 1855 to 1861. John Sherman, Richland, from 1861 to 1877. ® Salmon P. Chase, elected for six years from March 4, 1861, served till March 12th, and resigned to go in Lincoln's Cabinet; John Sherman resigned to go into Hayes' Cabinet; and Corwin resigned to go in Taylor's Cabinet. 134 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Allen G. Thurman, Franklin, from 1869 to 18S1. Stanley Matthews, Hamilton, from 1877 to 1879. George Hunt Pendleton, Hamilton, from 1879 to 1885. James A. Garfield, Lake, from 1881 to 1887. THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD IN CLERMONT COUNTY* There is no feature in the history of Clermont County more worthy of mention than its part in the great struggle that ended in emancipation. As the birthplace and family home of the great general of the liberating army, it is justly proud of his renown. Yet while, and even before, Ulysses S. Grant was a laughing, fair-haired boy, uncon scious that it was his mighty destiny to execute and per petuate the decree of Lincoln, the emancipator, other sons were battling as giants for the then hopeless slaves. Judge Burnet, in his account of the delegates who framed the first constitution, says, "that Gatch and Sargent, from Clermont, were among the honored men who successfully labored in the construction of the State constitution and the early legislation of Ohio, that they were elected because they were anti-slavery men, and that they were Virginians and both practical emancipators." President Harrison, when a candidate for Congress, in a public letter defending himself against the charge of pro- slavery principles, refers to his venerable friend, Philip Gatch, who was a member of an abolition society in Vir ginia. Obed Denham, the founder of Bethel, in his con veyance wrote as follows : " I also give two lots in said town, Nos. 80 and 180, for the use of the regular Baptist Church, — who do not hold slaves, nor commune at the Lord's table with those who do practice sujh tyranny over their fellow-creatures, — for to build a house for the worship of Almighty God and to bury the dead, and for no other pur pose." Only second in importance to Gen. Grant is Thomas Morris, who was a member of the General Assembly for twenty-four years, where he labored actively and success fully for the rights of man, and in opposition to all efforts to prohibit by penal legislation the immigration of neoroes and mulattoes into Ohio. From this, in 1832, he was pro moted to wider usefulness as a United States senator. In that august Congress, while Webster, Clay, Calhoun, Van Buren, Preston, Clayton, Forsyth, Frelinghuysen, Silas Wright, Crittenden, Benton, Ewing, and the future presidents, Tyler, Polk, Fillmore, Pierce, and Buchanan, were shaking hands above the prostrate slave, and solacing themselves and the people with the lullabies of compromise and drowning the wails of the oppressed with cries of " No Agitation !" this moral hero from Clermont, undaunted by their tyrannical opposition, alike careless of their hate and fearless of threats, stood alone, and holding aloft the spurned petitions of the outraged philanthropy of the North demanded their reception as a matter of right. In his last noble speech, delivered in the Senate, February, 1839 he said, in conclusion, " I hope, on returning to my home and friends, to join them again in rekindling the beacon-fires of liberty on every hill in our State, untif their broad glare shall enlighten every valley, and the son" of * Prepared by Byron Williams. triumph will soon be heard. . . . That all may be safe I conclude that the negro will yet be set free." "Thy voice sounds like a prophet's word, And in its hollow tones are heard The thanks of millions yet to be." In the general convention of Liberty men at Buffalo in 1843 he was nominated as their candidate for Vice-Presi dent. " Who can tell how vast the plan Which that day's incident began, And how it proves, when understood, The harbinger of endless good ?" " The influence of a good deed is without limits." Chief Justice Chase wrote, " Senator Morris first led me to see the character of the slave-power as an aristocracy, and the need of an earnest organization to counteract its preten sions. He was far beyond the time he lived in." In early youth the Hon. Thomas L. Hamer, then needy and otherwise friendless, found a home with Senator Mor ris, and received at his hands an introduction to his splendid political career. And it was by Gen. Hamer's appointment that Gen. Grant secured his military education at West Point. This connection and correlation of worthies is perhaps without a parallel in the United States. It were idle to suppose that the citizens of the county were entirely un worthy of these associations. Public thought was deeply interested in those beings, whom their religion clothed with humanity and whom sympathy marked as unfortunate. On the border the more repulsive features of the " Peculiar Institution" were doubtless softened by the desire to obtain a security through a kindness that was not felt or needed farther South. Yet enough was visible to make the whole system odious to the freemen of the North. One of the early agitators of this question was John Rankin, a Presbyterian preacher, who was thoroughly in earnest, and lost no chance to discuss the " Sin of Slavery" and its dangerous influence on Politician, Priest, and Press. After delivering a lecture of this kind in the old school- house at Williamsburgh, he was set upon in the street and severely pelted with eggs. It is a strange comment, but the young man who was thought to be the leader in this disgraceful affair lost his life in the Union army. The general tenor of all discussion was the inherent wrong and sin of human bondage; opposition to the exten sion of slavery in the Territories ; a complete abolition of the slave-trade on the high seas, in fact as well as law; the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia ; but in no case was intervention in the States advocated. With in creasing agitation came an active benevolence that did not stop to debate the right to hold property in man when that man had escaped from his tyrant. And when food, shelter, or raiment was asked, often in the name of Christ, it could not be refused to one of these little ones. Whether one should constitute himself a con stable to return the fleeing to bondage, or point the way to freedom, was a question of easy solution. True men, without regard to party, never refused bread to the beseeching negro who turned away from chains and, with THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 135 face toward the north star, fled from the sight of the span gled banner of the free to the British flag as his only city of refuge. In the nature of things men of decided con victions against slavery were most frequently importuned for assistance, and thus became the men who were charged with running away negroes. Nothing was done to entice slaves from Kentucky. Only as they came were they sped on their way. The owners pursuing them were informed who were most likely to have assisted the fugitives, and returning, in baffled rage heaped curses loud and deep on names of persons and localities in hearing of slaves, who reverently preserved the stealthy knowledge for their own time of need. Mrs. Dr. L. T. Pease distinctly remembers a band of six fugitives that were secreted in her father's (Thomas Fee) house more than sixty-five years ago. Her brother, the late Robert E. Fee, of Moscow, was, it is true, charged with abducting slaves, and at one time was under requisition for the same. About forty years ago a family of blacks, living for years in the south part of the county, were kidnapped at night, except the father, and carried into Kentucky, under the plea that the mother was a runaway slave, and her children, though born out of bondage, must share her lot. A vain pursuit was made to the river, where on the Kentucky side unusual lights pointed out a house that was conjectured to have received the unfortunate captive. Robert Fee devoted himself to their rescue by legal means. He followed them into a distant State into which they had been sold, and nar rowly escaped death. The mob, raging for his blood, actu ally passed through the room adjoining his hiding-place. The affair produced much excitement, and caused many hitherto neutral people to join the opposition to slavery. The family was hopelessly lost and separated, but Fee repaid his wrongs many fold. A light was said to have burned all night in his house to guide belated travelers across the river. His doors were barred, and his family, girls and all, slept with loaded fire arms in ready reach. His house was surrounded again and again by violent slave-hunters. The romance of the border in that day was thrilling in the extreme, though its actors were but plain farmers and timid, shadow-fearing fugitives. There was no preconcerted action on the part of the men so engaged, yet there was a kind of system.. When run aways got across the river, the Fees and others, according to circumstances, either hurried them on or secreted them till the hunt swept by. They were then guided northward, generally through Tate township, where they were cared for by the Rileys, Benjamin Rice, Richard Mace, Isaac H. Brown, and others. Brown commenced in 1835, and was one of the most vigilant conductors on the road. From there a part went to Huggins', on White Oak, but most came to Williams burgh, where Charles Boerstler Huber and Dr. L. T. Pease were always ready to help. Another much-traveled road led to Williamsburgh from New Richmond by way of James Buntin's. Huber became an abolitionist through his own expe rience. After serving an apprenticeship as a tanner he went far South and sought employment as such. His first application was answered, " No, I bought one yesterday,'' and so on, till money and patience were both gone. He concluded that the system was bad, and ever after sought its destruction with relentless zeal. He was bold, outspoken, and fearless to rashness, which, no doubt, saved him much trouble, for it needed a brave man to match him. Mark Sims, a mulatto, was for many years the wagon- master for Huber, Pease, and their assistants. The route from Williamsburgh led by various ways to the Quaker set- lement in Clinton County. The work was generally done in the night, — not through shame, but to avoid trouble with some who, for the sake of the rewards, were often on the watch. There is no telling how many escaped, but the number must have amounted to many hundreds. Very few were ever captured. In a notable instance a large family (tlie Balls), some twelve or fourteen, were over hauled when in sight of the British ship that was to carry them over the lake. The greatest number cared for at one time by Huber was seventeen. In the New York Independent for December, 1879, Prof. David Swing thus pleasantly writes of his recollec tions of Williamsburgh, in 1849 : " In the village, which lay a mile or two from our farm, there lived and tanned leather a man called Boss Huber. He was tbe first one of those fearful creatures called Abolitionists I ever saw, and to which all our large family looked with abhorrence. One summer morning it devolved upon me to make an early trip through the woods to the village, with the intent to lay in for some harvest hands a few pounds of sugar and a half-gallon of molasses; and lo ! in »¦ ravine, shady and cool and dark, I came upon Boss Huber and a large negro man. Boss was just shaking hands with the African, and giving him some money and some parting words. To my young and altogether verdant soul, it seemed that the Boss was sending a colored man on some errand to some distant town or State, for the fact and manner of the Underground Railroad had not yet fully penetrated my soul. The fearful Boss then joined me, and we emerged at length from the woods and approached the village together. He began saying some thing about having told that negro of a town North in which he could find work; and from this introduction he glided off into a regular eloquent discourse about the wrongs and sufferings of the black men in the South. He wound up his plea by taking from bis coat-pocket a much-worn copy of The National Era, if my memory is perfectly correct. At least the paper contained several immense speeches from such men as Salmon P. Chase and Birney and Garrison, and when in one of these addresses I found the passage, ' We must in this country rear a temple of liberty whose shaft will pierce the skies/ it seemed to me a large remark. I memorized a part of that speech, and when, next winter, I joined a.debating 'club,' 1 took the aboli tion side of a question, and as a climax quoted all about that temple with such an ambitious shaft. To-day, among things to be glad of, I am rather glad that I once saw a slave make a summer morning sacred to him and to me by tripping along through dense woods away from the Ohio and toward freedom." CHAPTER XVI. THE IEAEHED PROFESSIONS. THE BAR. The term law, though used in a great variety of relations, always means an established rule, — is sometimes called the rule of action, — and its seat is the bosom of God and its voice the harmony of the world, as all things in heaven and 136 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. earth do it homage, the very least as feeling its care and the greatest as not exempted from its power. The employ ment of the lawyer is pre-eminently one of trust and confi dence, and the law so regards it, for it excuses the lawyer from revealing Avhat his client has confided to him ; but, what is still more to the purpose, men so regard it. The province of an attorney is to vindicate rights and redress wrongs, hence it is a high and holy function, and men come to him in their hours of trouble, — not such trouble as religion can solace or medicine cure, but the trouble arising from innocence accused, confidence betrayed, reputation slandered, liberty assailed, property invaded, promises broken, the domestic relations violated, or life endangered. The guilty and the innocent, the upright and the dishonest, the wrong ing and the wronged, the knave and the dupe alike consult him, and with the same unreserved confidence. It is not given to man to see the human heart completely unveiled before him, but the lawyer, perhaps, comes more nearly to this than any other, for there is no aspect in which the human character does not present itself in his secret consultations. All the passions, all the vices, and all the virtues are by turns subjected to his scrutiny ; and he has thus studied human nature in its least disguised appearances, and has watched it under all trials, in the light and in the shade, in ecstasy and in despair, in glory and in shame. Attorneys in Ohio are first mentioned in the act passed by the Governor and judges of Aug. 1, 1792, wherein it was provided that no person should be admitted to practice as an attorney in any of the courts of the then Territory unless he was a person of good and mural character, and well affected to the government of the United States and of the Territory ; and should pass an examination of his profes sional abilities before one or more of the territorial judges, and obtain from him or them before whom he was examined a certificate of possessing the proper abilities and qualifica tions to render him useful in the office of an attorney. And, further, should have taken in open court and subscribed an oath that he would do no falsehood, nor consent to the doing of any, iu the courts of justice ; and if he knew of an iZ tention to commit any, that he would give knowledge thereof to the justices of the said court, or some of them, that it might be prevented ; that he would not wittingly or willingly promote or sue any false, groundless, or unlawful suit, nor give aid or consent to the same ; and that he would conduct in the office of an attorney within the said courts to the best of his knowledge and discretion, and with all good fidelity as well to the courts as to his client. It was further provided that parties might plead or manage their own causes personally, or by the assistance of such counsel as they should see fit to engage, but neither the plaintiff or defendant were permitted to employ over two lawyers each ¦ and when only two lawyers were attending court, neither of the parties to a suit could retain more than one ; nor in any cause should fees for more than one attorney be taxed The next law pertaining to attorneys, passed June 15 1795, made it imperative that the lawyer should take an oath that he would behave himself in the office of counsellor at-law (or attorney, as the case might be) in the court ac cording to the best of his learning, and with all good fidelity as well to the court as to the client, and that he would use no falsehood, nor delay any person's cause for lucre or malice. The act of the General Assembly of Oct. 29 1799 required that any person wishing to practice law should ob tain a license from the Governor of the Territory, and that any person to be entitled to receive a license should produce a certificate, signed by two or more of the judo-es of the general court, attesting his due examination and qualifica tions, with certificate of some lawyer that the candidate had read law four years. Under the law of Feb. 4, 1804, the Supreme Court ad mitted the candidates, on successful examinations to the practice of the law until the adoption of the new constitu tion, when, in 1852, an enactment passed, putting the ad mission of applicants to the bar upon the District Courts who from that to the present time have admitted such per sons as passed the required examinations in legal lore and had proper testimonials as to character. Under the act of Jan. 28, 1819, it was necessary to have been a year a resi dent of the State, and to have read law continuously for two years. Lawyers were first taxed professionally in 1825; by the act of February 7th, which required the Court of Common Pleas in every county once a year (at the term next pre ceding the 1st day of July) to make duplicate lists of all attorneys practicing their profession in the county and resi dent thereof, and affix to each such sum as should appear just and reasonable, not less than five nor more than fifty dollars, which sum said attorney had to pay into the county treasury, as a license for practicing his profession. On Feb. 22, 1830, the law was modified so as to put the assess ing of this tax upon the county assessors instead of the courts, with power to the county commissioners and auditor to amend their (assessors') assessments as they deemed most proper. Lawyers paid a license up to the adoption of the new constitution, in 1851, and none since, save to the gen eral government a short period during and at close of the great Rebellion. A law of March 8, 1831, made it penal for an attorney to encourage, excite, and stir up any suit, quarrel, or con troversy between two or more persons, with intent to injure such person or persons. The Clermont bar has occupied a high niche in the legal jurisprudence of the State, in the past and present, on account of the learning and ability of its members, as well as their personal and political standing, and reputed excel lence before juries and in the examination of witnesses. Then there were the visiting lawyers,— men distinguished for ability and eloquence,— patriarchs in the legal profes sion of Ohio, of celebrated legal attainments and intel lectual abilities, who met at various courts to measure weapons, with each other. There were giants in the early. days in the country court-houses, and many of them who • attended the first courts at Williamsburgh became the nation's pride in legal lore and political reputation. The first resident attorney in the county was Thomas Morris, admitted in 1804, who had not mistaken his pro fession or his powers, and who soon took a leading posi tion as a lawyer whose reputation and business rapidly ac cumulated. As a lawyer he quoted more frequently than most attorneys from the Bible, and those quotations, being THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 137 apt and accurate, added greatly to the conclusiveness of his arguments before a jury. In a legal contest with Benham (Joseph S.), an able lawyer, in which he (Benham) wielded his sarcasm and eloquence against the citizens of villages, who, he affirmed, when they got a few mechanics and one or two professional men put on airs of importance and dignity, Mr. Morris retorted with a power and eloquence that was sorely felt by his distinguished opponent. He contrasted the city gentlemen with the free, honest, inde pendent citizens in country villages, and made a most powerful defense of the noble position and calling of mechanics and laboring men. The vindication and triumph was complete, and Mr. Benham said afterwards that Morris was harder to vanquish than any lawyer he ever contended with. In a case of great importance before the court in Brown County, he desired a continuance of his case, a principal witness being absent on account of high waters. The court refused the motion, and Mr. Morris procured a horse, swam the stream, and with his witness behind him returned and replunged again into the swollen creek, entered the court, and gained his case. These two incidents are illustrative of his unconquerable energy as well as his ability as a law yer, and his reading Blackstone by the light of hickory bark in his log cabin had a significant connection with his subsequent grand success. From the year 1804 up to 1810 we find, among other resident lawyers, Levi Rogers, who was also a doctor of es tablished reputation, a preacher of marked ability, sheriff from 1805 to 1809, prosecuting attorney in 1809, and rep resented the county in the Senate of the General Assembly. He was a man of singularly good judgment, and had the affections and confidence of tbe people to a wonderful degree. David C. Bryan was admitted to the bar in 1806. The same year he was elected a representative in the Legislature, prosecuting attorney in 1807 to 1809, senator from 1807 to 1811, and clerk from 1810 to 1828. He was a gentle man of thorough, systematic education, which made him a good business lawyer and a most valuable public official. Thomas S. Foote began to practice law in 1809, having been a hatter previously, and was prosecuting attorney from 1811 to 1825, aud was well posted in law. He was very popular and a genial man of the old school, and died in Batavia, Nov. 17, 1827. David Morris was admitted at the same time, and was prosecuting attorney in 1810, and a representative in the year 1816. He was a printer, and published the second paper in Clermont. He was a close reasoner, but not very much given to legal business, for which he had not the apti tude that he so eminently possessed in the editorial chair. In 1811 was admitted Roger W. Waring, who had for the preceding ten years been clerk of the courts ; was a most scholarly man, of quiet and gentle disposition and sensitive but lovable nature. He came from a noble family of Ken tucky, was one of the two representatives from Clermont in the first Legislature of Ohio, in 1803 ; was many years a magistrate, and of all the men identified with the first his- o I tory of the county no one had a purer or more honorable record than he. He also was, like all the educated men of 18 his time, a surveyor, and his records as clerk and his sur veys bear high testimony to his ability and efficiency as a public functionary. This year, also, was admitted Daniel F. Barney, a safe business attorney, popular surveyor, but not an advocate of noted powers. In 1814, T. Freeman was an attorney at Williamsburgh. Up to 1815 many distinguished lawyers from Cincinnati, Kentucky, and various counties in Ohio attended our courts. There was Joshua Collet, afterwards Common Pleas and Supreme judge, of a wonderful analytic mind and prompt, decisive intellect. Jacob Burnet, from the very first organization of the county and for over ten years, had the principal law prac tice, and was subsequently a senator in Congress and judge of the State Supreme bench. John Kerr, Secretary of State for a long time, practiced in this county's courts with great success, as did also Arthur St. Clair, Jr., — son of the old Governor, — who was not only popular among the attorneys, but specially esteemed by Cler mont ladies, one of whom he married during his legal trips to the county. Aaron Goforth was well known as a first-class lawyer, served as prosecuting attorney several terms of court, and left an honorable record ; and R. S. Thomas had a lucrative practice, while as a speaker he was not so well known or noted as his competitors. Martin Marshal, of Kentucky, came of an honored and celebrated judicial lineage in the nation's history, of a stock pre-eminently legal and judicial, and in the first forty years' history of Clermont his name shines out most bril liantly as an able lawyer and most successful advocate, with traits of character that made him popular with all. In the first few years of the county courts there practiced regularly a man whose very looks and instincts were judicial, and who in after-years was congressman, postmaster-general, and then, for nearly a third of a century, one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the United States. We refer to John McLean, who spoke in the log court-house in Wil liamsburgh in 1804 and 1805, before rustic courts and juries, and afterwards delivered opinions from the magnificent court- chambers in Washington City, as one of the highest judicial functionaries of the world. In 1815 was admitted Owen T. Fishback, who came from Kentucky, and who died in the year 1864, having practiced with great success and honor for fifty years, — a longer time than any other lawyer who ever lived in the county. He was State senator in the years 1823 and 1824, representative in 1826, prosecuting attorney from 1825 to 1833, and president judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1841 to 1848. Half a century an ornament to the bar, of strong opinions which he was accustomed to strongly express at all proper times, he was a man who left a decided impress on the history of his time and that of this county. He reared a large family of sons and daughters, well and most favorably known, one of whom — W. P. Fishback — is one of the ablest lawyers in Indianapolis. Judge Fishback was a man of wonderful original thought, of backbone and nerve in the highest degree, and yet withal was of warm hearted temperament and nature, and sympathized with 138 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. distress and suffering in all forms, and was of that genial public spirit to lead him to take an active part in all public improvements and humanitarian reforms. In 1818, Benjamin Morris, county recorder from 1832 to 1841, was admitted, but never took much of a hand in the practice of the legal profession, being more given to literary tastes, which he employed and cultivated in editing news papers or writing and contributing many varied and valu able articles of an historical nature for the press. In 1821 was admitted the most eloquent advocate known in bis time, — Thomas L. Hamer. He read law with Thomas Morris, at Bethel, who, with Thomas Porter (ad mitted the previous year to the bar at Batavia), recom mended him for admission to the practice, whereupon he then moved to Georgetown, where he was admitted, and which was his subsequent home. He was elected several times to the Legislature, served in Congress from 1833 to 1839, was elected again in 1846 while in Mexico, where he died a general in the United States army. Hamer was not only an able and eloquent attorney but a most popular man personally, and when he fell in Mexico no man's prospects in the land were brighter for the Presidency than his. As he studied law in Clermont, and practiced so much here, he is considered almost one of our bar, which delights to revive reminiscences of his moving oratory before juries and glowing speeches on the hustings. In 1828, Hiram Bell came to the bar. About this time the bar was lively with Morris and Fishback, of our own county; Hamer, of Brown; Marshal, of Augusta; Tom Corwin, of Warren ; Este, Fox, Benham, John C. Wright, Hammond, and other bright luminaries of Cincinnati ; and Richard Collins, of Hillsboro', the man large in stature and larger in heart and mind. There were noted combats in the forensic arena of those days, sharp and warm intellec tual fights before the bench, and appeals to the jury not excelled before any bar in Ohio. On Aug. 21, 1824, Richard Collins and Learner B. Collins opened an office in Batavia, the former then resid ing at Hillsboro', but afterwards moving to his elegant homestead at " Horse-Shoe Bend," on the east fork, be tween Bantam and Williamsburgh. Joseph S. Benham, on Oct. 16, 1824, opened an office in Batavia, as William H. Harrison, Jr., son of the future President, had done in the previous month, but both lived in Cincinnati. The same year Thomas Moorhead, an Irish attorney, and the second captain of the Batavia Li"ht Infantry, came to practice. He was a very eccentric man, of warm impulses and many generous traits. July 16, 1825, Theodore D. Burrows put out his shingle as a lawyer; a quaint young man, who did not achieve marked success. About 1828, Jonathan D. Morris began the practice of law, but in 1831 was appointed clerk of the courts, which position he held to 1846, and the next year (1847) was elected to Congress to fill the vacancy caused by Gen. Hamer's death, and re-elected in 1849. Mr. Morris was a faithful, conscientious, and popular official, and for a quarter of a century exerted a controlling influence in the county's history, being a leader of public opinion and a man in whom the public reposed great confidence. In 1830, John Jolliffe began practicing, and was the prosecuting attorney from 1833 to 1837. He was a good lawyer, and noted throughout the State as a prominent and slavery leader, and was celebrated as the black man's advocate in the days of the " Fugitive-Slave Law." Samuel and John T. Brush about this time had quite a practice, the latter living in the county. In 1832 came the well-known Thomas L. Shields, who kept up a very large practice till his departure, in 1855, to his ancestral estates, near Pittsburgh. As a land-attorney he won distinction, was of a most genial disposition and warm-hearted instincts. The same year Jacob T. Crapsey and Calvin A. Warren, both sons-in-law of Thomas Morris, were at the bar, with good practice and many clients. Alexander Herring, who had been auditor from 1828 to 1830, practiced some, but did not give law his exclusive attention. In 1833, George B. Tingley came in with his briefs and practiced some. In 1834, George S. Lee was admitted, was prosecuting attorney from 1837 to 1839, and practiced with success till 1851, when he was elected the first Probate judge in the county. In 1836 was admitted, by the Supreme Court, Reader W. Clarke, who was a member of the Legislature in the years 1840 and 1841, clerk of the courts from 1846 to 1851, congressman from 1865 to 1869, and who subse quently held important positions in the departments under President Grant's first administration. He was in practice over a third of a century, and was the keenest politician ever produced in Clermont, and, withal, the most successful business man of our practicing lawyers. His father, Houton Clarke, was one of the county pioneers, and one of the first magistrates in Clermont. This year, 1836, Thomas J. Buchanan began his profes sional career, and was a representative in 1837, '38, and '39, and in the last year speaker of the House of Repre sentatives. A brilliant speaker, a rising barrister, and a man of State reputation in the political field, he was cut down in the prime of life by the ravaging scythe of Time ere his genius, unequaled in the county, had reached its zenith. Now appeared at the bar, in 1835, John W. Lowe, who became a distinguished attorney, faithful and scrupulous. He married a daughter of Judge Fishback, rose to a large practice, became noted in the political and social circles, and gave his life to his country on the battle-field at the battle of Caruifex Ferry, in West Virginia, where he fell bravely and gallantly leading his beloved regiment, the Twelfth Ohio Infantry, into action, iu defense of the en dangered Union. In 1838, George W. Dennison, a most successful busi ness attorney of Batavia, was admitted; also Dennis Smith, prosecuting attorney from 1839 to 1845, and a member of the Legislature in the years 1849 and 1850. Smith also preached as an elder in the Baptist persuasion, was fat and witty, and is now a judge and a rich man in Illinois. In 1839, B. F. Ellsberry was admitted. In 1842 the admissions were Joseph Frybarger and Wil liam Howard. The latter had been admitted at Augusta, Ky., in 1840, and on December 1st of that year came to THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 139 Batavia and opened his office, and is now the senior mem ber of the bar. He had to be here two years, under the Ohio laws, ere he could be regularly enrolled at the bar. He was elected prosecuting attorney in 1845 and 1847 ; served as lieutenant in the Mexican war ; as State senator from 1849 to 1851 ; congressman from 1859 to 1861 ; and commanded the Fifty-ninth Ohio Regiment Volunteer In fantry during the Rebellion as its lieutenant-colonel. Philip B. Swing, judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, was admitted at Dayton, Ohio, by the Supreme Court, and examined by the celebrated Gen. Robert C. Schenck, late minister to Great Britain, then in large and noted practice. In 1847, Mr. Swing served part of the year as prosecuting attorney, and soon acquired a State reputation for his ability at the bar. Just after the appointment, in 1871, of Mr. Swing to the Federal judgeship at Cincinnati, Senator Allen G. Thurman, one of Ohio's ablest and purest jurists, remarked to the writer of this chapter, " that Grant's selection of Judge Swing was the best appointment the administration had made, and he predicted that Judge Swing would make a name on the bench that would add never-dying lustre to the Ohio bar." In 1846, Moses D. Gatch had an office in Batavia and E. F. W. Ellis in Felicity. Julius A. Penn, son of Elijah T. Penn, ex-collector of the county and one of the pioneers, was admitted at Georgetown, and still continues in practice, in which he has been uninterrupted for thirty-seven years, save the year he was an honorable officer in the army, and when, under President Andrew Johnson, he was the collector of internal revenue of this congressional district. Shepherd F. Norris came from Adams County to Ba tavia, and his valuable services as judge and legislator are described in the chapter on the courts. The admissions in 1843 were John S. Griffith, the pop ular clerk of the courts from 1851 to 1854, and from 1857 to 1860, and still in active practice as one of the best lawyers in Ohio ; Thomas M. Lewis, the bachelor barrister, judge of the court in 1876, a brave captain in the late Rebellion, and a braver defender of the fair sex ; Joseph N. Hartman ; and Henry N. Talley, now retired from active practice. In 1814 were admitted to the bar the late H. B. Hoes, of Afton, and the late W. B. Fisher, for many years the well-known editor of the Wilmington Republican. The admissions in 1845 were W. A. Glancy, Larret W. Carver, of Felicity, and Thomas Q. Ashburn, an account of whose life is given in the judicial chapter. R. M. Griffith, of Bethel, Turpin D. Hartman, of Mara thon, and George L. Swing were admitted to the Clermont bar in 1846. The latter served as probate judge, and is yet one of the leading attorneys of the county. This year, W. H. McHugh and E. F. W. Ellis had law-offices at Felicity, and Moses D. Gatch and James Evans at Batavia. In 1850 the admissions were Wm. Yost, of Goshen, and George W. Fishback, the popular editor of the St. Louis Democrat, who was the main-spring of its prosperity. S. F. Dowdney, yet in successful practice, was admitted at Georgetown, and practiced at Felicity till 1858, when he took his seat as Probate judge, which he held for the six succeeding years ; and he also was State senator from 1865 to 1869. John Johnston, now in Cincinnati, was admitted about this year; was prosecuting attorney from 1853 to 1855, and State senator in 1861 and '62, and maintains a large practice in the city. About 1847, Milton Jamieson was admitted at George town ; served in the Mexican war, was editor several years of the Clermont Courier, practiced his profession with suc cess, and is now president of the Batavia First National Bank and the leading business man of Clermont. Thomas Morris, son of Jonathan D., practiced in 1850 ; and in 1851, S. M. Penn opened out an office and prac ticed a while. Admissions in 1853 were Orin Temple and W. P. Fish back, — the latter was prosecuting attorney from 1855 to 1857, and is now clerk of the United States District Court of Indiana at Indianapolis. In 1854 were admitted George McLefresh, of Chilo, W. A. Townsley (now the distinguished criminal lawyer of Batavia), and Charles H. Collins, who was prosecuting attorney from 1857-58. The same year E.. G. Norton had an office at New Richmond, and David Thomas at Felicity. In 1857, George W. Hulick, who was a Probate judge from 1864 to 1867, and who is at present one of the fore most lawyers of the county, was admitted, and W. B. Lakin was an attorney at New Richmond. In 1858, Lowell H. Smith, M. S. Pickleheiraer, of Os good, Ind., George W. Gregg, A. T. Cowen, and J. Mil ton McGrew became attorneys in Clermont County. The latter was clerk of the courts from 1855 to 1858, and is at present sixth auditor in Treasury Department at Washing ton. Of Judge Cowen a sketch appears in this book. In 1 859, Sidney A. Fitch, of Colorado (where he achieved distinction), and William Arthur, of Union township (prose cutor from 1862 to 1864), were admitted to the profession. In 1861, J. A. Adams and E. A. Parker had law-offices at Milford, and R. L. McKinley practiced at Felicity. That year were admitted Jonathan Palmer, G. A. Frazier, and Perry J. Nichols. The following year F. B. Keyt had a law-office at Batavia, and the admissions for that period and the following years were: 1863, J. T. Johnson, C. L. Moss, William Pease, James S. Brunaugh (Probate judge from 1872 to 1878); 1864, John R. Kennedy, William H. Standish, of Chicago, and William T. Cramer; 1866, W. H. Fagaley ; 1867, Benjamin J. Ricker, of Pierce, A. M. Sinks (clerk of Common Pleas from 1864-67) ; 1868, J. H. Moss, of Kansas, Peter F. Swing, Thomas A. Griffith (prosecuting attorney, 1870-74), and Samuel A. West, of Milford, the latter three in active practice in the county ; 1869, John Quincy Brown, of Illinois, Ambrose Temple, of Cincinnati, Adam Moser, of Kansas, and M. A. Leeds, of Amelia ; 1870, Randolph S. Swing, who was a member of the California Constitutional Convention in 1878, but at present an attorney at New Richmond; 1871, Madison Eppert, of Locust Corner, William Eppert, of Amelia, Reuben Utter, of Neville, Burwell Britton, of Williams burgh, and Henry B. Mattox, clerk of Clermont Common Pleas from 1879 to 1882 ; 1872, John Walker, of Felicity, 140 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Philip T. South, of Bethel, and S. D. Shepherd, of New port, Ky. ; 1873, J. N. Altman, of Bethel, and John S. Parrott, clerk of courts from 1876 to 1879 ; 1874, Seneca Behymer, of Amelia, and J. C. McMath, who was admitted by the Supreme Court at Columbus; 1875, William W. Dennison, Josephus H. Hall, of Monterey, S. F. Townsley, of Bethel, John R. WToodlief, sheriff from 1872 to 1874, and editor and proprietor of Clermont Courier in 1878-79, R. J. Bancroft, county recorder from 1869 to 1875, and John W. Lennin, the latter admitted at Cincinnati ; 1877, Charles T. Jamieson, editor of Urbana (Ohio) Citizen and Gazette, James B. Swing, John J. Howard (prosecutingattorney from 1879 to 1881), and William Britton, of Williamsburgh; 1878, 0. P. Griffith, William R. Walker, John W. Davis, and George McMurchy, of New Richmond; 1879, Henry W. Schumacher, of New Richmond, Corwin Smith, of Williamsburgh, and Jefferson Johnson. We have not the dates of admission of Peter H. Hast ings, now in Cincinnati, but for twenty-five years an attor ney at Felicity ; George W. Richards, sheriff in 1854 and 1855; Thomas 0. Low, late judge of the Dayton, Ohio, Superior Court; Perry J. Donham, of New Richmond, but now a leading attorney in Cincinnati ; Orville Burke, of Bethel; Johii D. Hovey, of Branch Hill; C. W. Rish- forth, of Williamsburgh ; Joseph Tritt, of Springfield, Ohio, prosecuting attorney of Clermont from 1864 to 1866 ; Prank Davis, the leading attorney of New Richmond, and prosecuting attorney from 1874 to 1878; L. D. Manning, in active .practice at Batavia; and M. S. Williamson, of Loveland ; all admitted years ago outside of the county. T. D. Hamilton, of New Richmond, has removed to Colorado, and John W. Dixon, late of Moscow, to Maryland. W. C. Mellen, born in Massachusetts, and a graduate of Har vard, lives near Milford, on Hamilton County side, and has practiced since 1843 ; and Thomas B Paxton, late Hamilton County solicitor, formerly resided at Loveland, and was a member of the Clermont bar. Some who years ago were enrolled as practitioners in the temple of justice have gone into other professions and avo cations; many are yet young in the profession, with their futures to make either of illustrious renown or dull medioc rity ; while there still remain in constant daily practice several of the old Nestors, who, with over a third of a cen tury's uninterrupted attention to the study and the practice of law, are yet of the opinion that there is much for them to learn in this grandest of all sciences, upon which rests the foundation of our governmental and social system, and who in future fights in the forum look forward to new fields of triumph and renown in the sharp encounters of wit learning, reasoning, eloquence, and persuasion. " We will revive those old times, and in our memories preserve and still keep fresh, like flowers in water, those happier days." In the doings of our old courts, and things connected therewith, many noted and remarkable occurrences took place (see the chapters on the judiciary and jails), which it would be absolutely impossible to happen nowadays. In the old days things were done with more — much more time to do them in, and judges and lawyers could afford to cultivate other sides of character than that of the mere business lawyer, and they did so. And thus, in the olden times of the old log, and then stone, court-house at Wil liamsburgh, and in the first twenty years of the present one in Batavia, the bar abounds in reminiscences and anecdotes. In the more dry and sharp business transactions which oc cur at the present time in our courts there is no room for wit, sentiment, or anecdote, but the time was when it was not so. Then lawyers were not mere lawyers ; they were many-sided characters, eloquent, humorous, and witty, and wise for men in their day in matters pertaining to things out of their offices as well as having a knowledge of their routine work. They used to cultivate the heart as well as the mind, were men of feeling as well as of brain, and high- toned honor prevailed for the most part among them. Hence, they stood among their fellows as distinguished men ; and they maintained the character and dignity of their profession as the most exalted in which a human being could engage, and did not use their knowledge to pander to vice nor retail it to offenders of the statutes of the land. With the exception of about a dozen of our old attorneys who rank among the best in the State, but little attention is now paid to forensic eloquence by the lawyers, aud in Clermont the oratory of the forum is almost a thing of the past. The members of the bar show no disposition to listen to eloquent appeals to the jury, much less to take time to cultivate oratory ; and a flight of eloquence at the bar would be regarded as a flight of a fugitive from the limits of pro priety, — the fetters of the business of the law. But the days were when the court- room was the place where oratory held sway. It was when a Burnet, a McLean, a Marshal, a Hamer, a Morris, a Corwin, a Fishback, a Pugh, and men of their stamp spoke. THE MEDICAL PKO-FESSION. The true physician is not only ever ready to obey the calls of the sick, but his mind is thoroughly imbued with the greatness of his mission and the deep responsibility he habitually incurs in its discharge. These obligations are greater and more enduring because there is no tribunal other than his own conscience to adjudge penalties for care lessness or neglect. The good physician therefore ministers to the sick with due impressions of the importance of his office, reflecting that the ease, the health, and the lives of those committed to his charge depend upon his skill, atten tion, and fidelity ; and he also adapts his deportment so as to unite tenderness with firmness, and condescension with au thority, in order to inspire the minds of his patients with. gratitude, respect, and confidence. Every case confided to the charge of a physician should be treated with attention, steadiness, and humanity, and reasonable indulgence should be granted to the mental ailments and caprices of the sick. Secrecy and delicacy, when required by peculiar circum stances, should be strictly observed, and confidential inter course, to which doctors are admitted in their professional visits, should be used with discretion, and with the most scrupulous regard to fidelity and honor. The obligation of secrecy extends beyond the period of professional services, and none of the privacies of personal and domestic life, no infirmity of disposition or flaw of character, observed during professional visits and attendance, should ever be THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 141 divulged by him except when he is imperatively required' to do so. The force and necessity of this obligation are indeed so great that doctors have, under certain circumstances, been protected in their observance of secrecy by courts of justice. The members of the medical profession, upon whom are enjoined the performance of so many important and ardu ous duties towards the community, and who are required to make so many sacrifices of comfort, ease, and health for the welfare of those who avail themselves of their services, cer tainly have a right to expect and require that their patients should entertain a just sense of the duties which they owe to their medical attendants. These are some of the most important tenets of the code of ethics that govern and have ever guided the regular physicians of Clermont, men of a noble calling ; a sacred profession ; and to this profession, from the organization of Clermont to the present day, the good people of the county owe a great debt of gratitude for their zeal, ability, and characters, as displayed in their calling, not surpassed and hardly equalled by any other county in the State. The first law passed regulating the practice of physic and surgery in Ohio, was the act of Jan. 14, 1811, by the Ninth General Assembly, convened at Zanesville. In this law the Legislature, recognizing the practice of physic and surgery as a science so immediately connected with the public benefit and so interesting to society that every en couragement for its promotion should be given, and every abuse of it, so far as possible, suppressed, proceeded to its regulation. The State was divided into five medical dis tricts, each to contain three medical censors or examiners, to be appointed by the Legislature, who should hold their appointments during good behavior, or until such time as a medical society should be incorporated in Ohio. Any person desirous of exercising the profession of a physician or surgeon, as a means of obtaining a livelihood, had to ob tain a license for that purpose from some of tbe above medical boards. To procure said license the applicant had to produce a certificate of good moral character, that he had attended three full years to the theory and practice of medicine under the guidance of some able physician or surgeon, or a license from some medical society showing his having been admitted as a practitioner, and to give sat isfactory answers to such questions as might be put to him by the censors or examiners in anatomy, surgery, materia medica, chemistry, and the theory and practice of physic. It was provided in this act that if any person who should not be, at the time of its taking effect, a resident of the State, and a regular practitioner of physic or surgery, should pre sume to act in the capacity of a physician or surgeon with out the required license, except in cases of urgent necessity and where no regular physician could be obtained, the per son so offending should be deprived of the assistance of the laws of the State in the collection of any debts or fees which might arise in such practice. The license was a brief document, either printed on smooth, handsome paper, or written on parchment in a fair, round hand, in words and form as followeth : "State of Ohio, Medical District No. . — Know all men by these presents, that we, , medical censors for district No. , have ex amined, agreeably to law, , of , in the county of , and State of Ohio, and do find him duly qualified for the practice of medi cine. We therefore, by the authority in us vested, do license him to practice physic and surgery within the bounds of this State. In testimony whereof we have subscribed our names and affixed the seal of office. Done at ¦, this — day of , in the year of our Lord ono thousand eight hundred, etc. " , Censors." [seal.] The boards met in June and November, on the first Mondays, to grant licenses, for which they received five dollars for each license so issued for the purpose of defray ing expenses of their office ; and immediately after each meeting the name of every person so licensed was published in some public paper of the State. Each board kept a seal, appointed its secretary, and any copy of a license it issued was received in any court in Ohio as evidence. The first of the five medical districts consisted of Hamilton, Cler mont, Warren, Greene, Butler, Montgomery, Preble, Mi ami, Darke, and Clinton Counties, and its three censors were Daniel Drake, of Hamilton ; Joseph Canby, of War ren ; and Richard Allison, the latter of Clermont County. These were the three most eminent physicians in Ohio, and Dr. Drake had a reputation co-extensive with the Union, and which extended to Europe. Dr. Allison was the. most distinguished surgeon in the West, and ranked high in the practice of physic, being a member of many societies in the Eastern cities, where, among scientific, med ical, and literary men, he was a general favorite. He mar ried Rebecca Strong, a daughter of Maj. -Gen. David Strong, of New Jersey, a gallant officer in the Revolutionary war, and his wife was a woman of remarkable beauty and accom plishments, and many years his junior in years. Sur viving him, she married, some two years after his decease, the Rev. Samuel West. Dr. Allison bought large tracts of land in Clermont, and at the confluence of Stonelick with the east fork of the Little Miami laid out and established, May 15, 1815, tbe town of Allisonia. He was a singular man to leave his Eastern home of luxury and ease for the wilds of the West; but being a lover of beautiful scenery, and with faith in the grand future of Ohio, he came and prac ticed for many years in Clermont and Cincinnati, and died about 1816, leaving his wife, before mentioned, but no chil dren. The doctor dying a few months after laying out his town, it never was built up, although he had sold many lots in it, and it had one of the best mills in the county, and this town soon went to decay. Dr. Allison came to Ham ilton County at a very early date, and on Dec. 31, 1787, he had his survey of four hundred and forty-one acres, No. 1771, located in Stonelick, and on May 19, 1788, that of survey No. 1730, of four hundred and thirty-four acres, in Franklin township. He resided at the mouth of Stonelick, in a splendid residence, most of the time from 1801 to his death, and rode the area of territory extending from Love land to Williamsburgh, Bethel, and nearly to New Rich mond. On Jan. 14, 1813, a new law was passed repealing the act of Feb. 8, 1812, in which it was provided that any per son practicing medicine without first having obtained a license or a diploma from a medical society in the United States, should, for so offending, forfeit and pay a sum of not more than seventy nor less than five dollars for every such 142 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. offense, one-half to the person who should sue for the same and the other half for the use of the medical board of that district in which the offense was committed. This new act also divided the State into seven medical districts, and seven medical censors were appointed in each. The first district was composed of Hamilton, Clermont, Warren, Butler, and Clinton Counties, and the censors were Daniel Drake and John Sellman, of Hamilton; Daniel Millikan and Charles Este, of Butler; Joseph Canby and Jeptha F. Moore, of Warren; and Levi Rogers, of Clermont; to meet on the first Mondays of April and November. Dr. Rogers, besides being a noted physician of skill, culture, and extensive practice, was a man of varied accomplish ments and wonderful good common sense. He was admitted to the bar and practiced law, and acted for several terms of court as prosecuting attorney under its appointment. He was a preacher of the gospel, expounded the word of the Lord with rare eloquence, and solemnized the marriages of hundreds of couples. He was elected sheriff of the county in 1805, re-elected in 1807, and re signed a few months before his second term expired. In 1811 he was elected State senator, and was the author of the two laws we have given for the regulation of the prac tice of medicine. No man ever lived in Clermont of such versatile genius, and the acts of 1812 and 1813, introduced and passed by him, of themselves would be permanent monuments to his ability and zeal as a physician. Hardly a household existed in the county where Levi Rogers was not known, and that, too, in terms of kind affection and loving memory. At the expiration of his senatorial term he was appointed surgeon in the army, in the war of 1812, then in progress, and served with distinction. He was born in Philadelphia, where, at its oldest medical university (Jefferson), — the best in America and equal to any in Eu rope in thoroughness and rank, — -he graduated with high honors. He came to Clermont County in 1804, and set tled at Williamsburgh, but after a while removed to Bethel. He died in the year 1814, in the prime of life, and in his death the spark of life departed from one of the brightest of the medical profession that ever lived in Ohio. He left two sons — Dr. John G. Rogers and Levi Rogers — and five daughters. Of the latter, Ann died young and unmarried ; Clara married John White (both now living in Batavia) ; Mary married Firman White ; Cynthia married William Donham ; and Mrs. William Page, who with her husband went to the West at an early day. The memory of this bright intellect iu medicine and bellesdettres will ever be cherished by the people in this the county of his adoption, where he won his honors and left an honored name. Between the two laws before mentioned and the one of Feb. 8, 1812, the Legislature, believing that well-regulated medical associations had been found useful in promotion- the health and happiness of society by more generally diffusing ihe knowledge of the healing art, and thereby alleviating the distress of mankind, organized a medical society for the whole State, consisting of a large number of physicians whose names are there recited, representing every county in Ohio, and of any other physician or surgeon who should produce his diploma and ask admission or be there after admitted as provided in its provisions. This society was called " The President and Fellows of the Medical So- ciety of the State of Ohio." This law repealed the first act hereinbefore narrated, provided for seven medical dis tricts, and put the fine for practicing without a license or diploma at not less than five or more than one hundred dol lars, but had this proviso : " that nothing should be so con strued as to affect any physician then in regular practice or any person called on to afford relief to the sick or- distressed in any sudden emergency." This act was repealed in, toto by the law of next year (heretofore given, of date of Jan. 14, 1813), which had had no exemption for anybody prac ticing for a livelihood without a license or diploma. The members of this society designated for Clermont were Richard Allison, Levi Rogers, Alexander Campbell, and Robert H. Smith. Dr. Campbell was a member of the Eighteenth General Assembly, elected in 1819, where he had for his colleague David Morris. Dr. Robert H. Smith died the same year of the creation of this society, at Milford, where he had built up an extensive practice and had re sided for several years, riding a great distance up and down on each side of the Little Miami River. This society, through its district meetings, granted licenses, but having too much circumlocution in its provisions, it had to give way to the act of 1813, and to the regular censors to issue licenses. The sixth section was, however, a good one, as it provided for the several members of the society, according to their abilities, to communicate useful information to each other in their district meetings, and said meetings should, from time to time, transmit to the annual convention of the society such curious cases and observations as might come to their knowledge, which the said convention should cause to be published, together with such observations on the state of the air and on epidemical and other disorders as it might think proper, for the benefit of the profession and people in general. The fourth law passed in Ohio affecting physicians was the act of Jan. 28, 1817, and which divided the State into eight medical districts, — the first comprising the counties of Hamilton, Clermont, Clinton, Warren, and Butler. Dr. Alexander Campbell, of Pleasant township (now George town), a noted old-time practitioner, was the censor for Clermont. Before an applicant could get his license from the district censors, in addition to the questions asked as provided by the three previous laws, he now had to deliver a thesis on some medical subject. The fine for any one (heretofore it had been any male person) practicing medi cine without having obtained a license as stipulated in its rigorous requirements was put at any sum not exceeding two hundred dollars, and to be paid, when collected, into the county treasury (heretofore the fines went part to the medi cal boards and part to the party informing or suing), the same as fines collected for other offenses. This act wa3 slightly amended by the law of Jan. 30, 1818, by attaching Huron and Medina Counties to the eighth district, and that persons having received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in any regular college or university of another State could practice in Ohio on application, etc. The sixth law (passed Feb. 22, 1820) regulating the prac tice in Ohio repealed the section (9) of the statute of Jan. 28, 1817, imposing a fine for any practicing without a THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 143 license, thus throwing the profession open to the world, and further amended that act 'by permitting any ten members of any medical society to be made a special medical dis trict. The seventh statute concerning the practice of physic and surgery was on Jan. 15, 1821, dividing the State into the same number of medical districts as there were circuits of Common Pleas Courts, — to wit, nine. Clermont and Hamilton Counties made the ninth district, and for Cler mont the censor or examiner was Dr. William Wilbams, of Milford, for many years the partner of Dr. Leonard A. Hen- drick. Dr. Williams practiced about fifty years in the north of the county, was known to nearly every family, and his practice extended up to Batavia and Withamsville. He was a member of the Twenty-second General Assembly, having been elected representative in 1823, and with Judge 0. T. Fishback, then senator, were the main instru ments in securing tbe law that removed in the following year the county-seat from New Richmond to Batavia, and .permanently fixing it there. The following advertisement appeared in The Western Patriot, published in Batavia, fifty-six years ago : "TAKE NOTICE. "All persons indebted to William Williams and Leonard A. Hen- drick, either by note or book account, are requested to make imme diate payment. Produce will be taken at cash prices till the middle of November next; after that time cash will be required. Those who do not comply with the above request may expect their accounts to be settled as the law directs. " Oct. 9, 1824. Williams & Hendrick." Dr. Hendrick, for over half a century in active practice, — a charter member of the Milford Lodge, F. and A. M., No. 35, and a social and genial gentleman, and, like his part ner, a splendid doctor, — died but a few years ago, as did also the esteemed Williams, both universally beloved in the profession to which they were ornaments. Dr. L. A. Hendrick was the second president of the county medical society, in 1854, and Dr. Williams third, in 1855. The eighth law on physicians was that of Jan. 28, 1825, and merely changed some of the districts by transfers of counties. The ninth statute affecting medicine and the practice of it provided for taxing doctors, who, up to this act, had escaped taxation for their profession per se. It provided that the Court of Common Pleas in every county, at the term preceding the first day of July, annually, should make duplicate lists of all physicians and surgeons prac ticing their profession within such county and resident therein, and affix to each such sum as should appear to them reasonable and just, not less than five nor more than fifty dollars, one of which said lists should be deposited with the county clerk and the other with the treasurer, to whom the physician so assessed had to pay the amount thereof, along with his other taxes ; and it was made the duty of the prosecuting attorney of the county, on the first day of December, annually, to institute suits against all doctors entered upon said lists who had failed to deposit their receipts for payment of the same with the clerk of the court. The tenth act, of Feb. 8, 1826, referred only to the medical societies of Trumbull, Portage, and Green Counties, making the first two districts by themselves ; and the eleventh statute (Jan. 16, 1827) to the counties of Bel mont and Monroe. The twelfth law on physicians continued the tax on them (passed Feb. 22, 1830), but made it the duty of the asses sors, in their annual returns, to make lists of all the doc tors, and return them to the county auditor, who, with the county commissioners, at their annual meeting in June, examined said lists so returned, and, if necessary, added to or corrected the same, and estimated the annual income of each of said practicing physicians, and charged a tax upon each according'to the amount of his income, not exceeding five dollars. This enactment continued in force until the adoption of the new constitution in 1851, which prohibited such taxes on physicians and attorneys, and since then none have been levied, save by the general government, under the internal revenue act, during and after the great Rebellion for a brief period. The thirteenth law on the profession in Ohio was passed Feb. 26, 1824, by the Legislature, which believed that well-regulated medical societies had been found to contribute to the diffusion of true medical science, and a correct knowl edge of the healing art, and this statute was the last general act regulating the profession in its practice of physic and surgery (save a small amendment in 1831) passed under the old constitution, and brings the time down to the physicians now in active practice. It divided the State into twenty medical districts, of which Hamilton and Cler mont constituted the first medical society, the law organiz ing and establishing such a society in each district. The district medical societies organized under this law selected not less than three or more than five censors, who had the charge of examining all applicants for licenses, and any per son presuming to practice without having first procured a license could not collect any debt arising from his practice, and moreover was liable to a fine of ten dollars, to be re covered in any action brought by the overseers of the poor, and same when recovered into the poor fund. Provision was likewise made for a State medical society, composed of delegates of the district societies, and to convene annually in December at the capital. On Feb. 24, 1831, the fore going act was amended by striking out the ten- dollar fine for practicing without license, but the part prohibiting any doctor without a license from the collection of debts for his services was left in full force. Composing the society in the first district were five physicians from Ham.lton, and Josiah Lyman, L. A. Hen drick, John G. Rogers, and William Wayland, of Cler mont, four bright stars in the medical firmament of the county never excelled as a body in the length and ability of their services. Dr. Lyman was born in the State of Vermont, where he received tbe following diploma : "State or Vermont. " The Medical Society as by law established. The Censors havin<>- examined and approved Josiah Lyman, relative to bis knowledge of the healing art, he is admitted a member of this Society, and is enti tled to its privileges, honors, and immunities, and we hereby rccom- 14 1 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. mend him to the public as a person well qualified for the practice of physic and surgery. " Witness our President and the seal of the Society, affixed this loth day of December, a.d. 1813. [seal.] 'E. Huntington, President. ' Luther E. Hall, Secretary." A few years afterwards Dr. Lyman came West, and located in Batavia about 1821 and practiced extensively till his death. He was the father of Dr. D. S. Lyman, president of the Clermont Medical Society in 1858, and who, like his father, is eminent in his profession, and, like him, well read and of reputation thoroughly established for skill and learning. Dr. William Wayland, Sr., was born in Madison Co., Va., June 20, 1783, and first came to Chilficothe, Ohio, in 1806, where he remained for some time, when he returned to Virginia. On Oct. 12, 1812, he again came to Chillicothe, then the capital of Ohio, and the principal seat of wealth, culture, and business. In 1814 he commenced the practice of his profession at Circleville, the shiretown of Pickaway County, and during that year served a short term as sur geon in the United States army in the war with Great Britain. In 1815, after the death of the learned and lamented Dr. Levi Rogers, at the solicitation of the Rev. George C. Light, Dr. Wayland located at Bethel, in Cler mont County, where he soon acquired the confidence of the community and obtained a large practice in his profession, which he continued to enjoy until 1826, when he removed to Batavia, where he continued his practice, for some twenty years. In 1829 he was elected State senator, and for two years filled that position to the general satisfaction of his constituents, and in 1842 he united with the Batavia Meth odist Episcopal Church, of which he remained a member till bis death, on Oct. 6, 1858. He was a fine type of the old-school gentleman, and of extraordinary mind and energy, and left a decided impress for good on the society of the county, in which be lived for forty-five years. For over half a century he was a prominent member of the Masonic order, and in his younger days was very active in its work. Possessed of marked characteristics, he carried into his loved profession nearly all the attributes necessary to the true physician, and died leaving the heritage of a successful life. Dr. John G. Rogers was born a physician of the first class, inheriting from his distinguished father, Dr. Levi Rogers, a bright intellect and common sense hardly equaled in the State, and by severe study and a practice of nearly threescore years, he has achieved a proud name in the profession. In 1822 he was settled in New Richmond, and from that day to this time his mind and body have been daily given to the noble calling which he has, by an event ful life, honored and elevated. Under his medical attend ance, in the little village of Point Pleasant, quietly nestlin<* on the beautiful Ohio, the great " Soldier of the Age" — the conqueror of a rebellion, and the twice President of the United States — was born, Ulysses Simpson Grant. Dr. Rogers has been twice married, — his first wife bein" Julia daughter of Hon. Thomas Morris, who died in 1828. Dr. Rogers was the first president of the county medical society, organized in 1853, and again its president in 1859 and 1867. In his prime of life a mau of commanding physique, fine address, and warm social and conversational powers, he could visit the sick in the hut or palace, be his patients black or white, with true dignity to himself and profession and satisfaction to those needing his valuable services. At this writing, he lives in feeble health, but, as the father of medicine in the county, being the chief patri arch among the many venerable ones of the profession, he is held in deep love and respect by the physicians of the county, who know his great worth, as well as by the thou sands of others who have been recipients of his services and his many acts of kindness and favor. Dr. Levi Rogers was the first physician in Williamsburg , and he lived on lot No. 40, where the " Masonic Hall" now stands. His house was made of rond-poles, with door so low that one must stoop in passing through, and was covered by clapboards held in place by more poles. Floor it had none but mother-earth, and light, was obtained through greased paper stretched across the vacant " chinks," and heat was secured and cooking performed in a fireplace of sticks and clay. Such, for a time, was the abode of that gentleman and scholar, the father of the venerable Dr. John G. Rogers. Afterwards Dr. Dunleavy practiced at Williamsburgh, and was there succeeded by Dr. Ralph Sharp, in the year 1815. This eminent practitioner was licensed at Batavia, N. Y., in 1812, was assistant surgeon in the war that broke out that year, and served under Brady. In 1815 he married Nancy Whippy, and settled at Williamsburgh. In 1819 he removed to Milford, but in 1821 he returned to the former town, where he died in 1830, universally beloved for his kind, lovable traits of character, his great learning, and his ardent patriotism, which showed itself in the battles of " Lundy's Lane" and " Chippewa," where his gallantry under fire in care of the wounded and dying was the cause of his special mention by the commander-in-chief in his re port to Congress. He was a pioneer in its noblest sense, and no man in Clermont left better and truer friends than this able and skillful physician. After Dr. Ralph Sharp's advent in Williamsburgh, camo Dr. Andrew F. McCall, who practiced there some, but was the first physician in Batavia after it was laid out, and then practiced at last at Bethel, where he died after following his medical duties over a third of a century, with honor to himself and credit to the high profession which his zeal, skill, and virtues enlarged and magnified. Dr. Erastus C. Sharp died in 1867, after working zeal ously nearly half a century as a doctor who had great suc cess, and for a circuit an area embracing for a while parts of Clermont, Brown, Adams, and Highland Counties, and his name is still held in great veneration by the many people who remember his pleasant ministrations. He was presi dent, in 1864, of the county medical association, and three years later, on his death, it passed eulogistic resolutions on his life and labors. Dr. Leavitt Thaxter Pease was born at Martha's Vine yard, Mass., April 20, 1809, and moved in 1818 to Amelia with his father, Martin, an old sea-captain. He learned the saddler's trade at Bethel, but being of a too weak constitu tion to follow it, studied medicine with Dr. William Thomp son in that town, and began the practice in 1831; was mar ried in 1834 to Nancy A. Fee, and in 1835 settled at THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 145 Williamsburgh, where he resided till his death, May 24, 1874. He aimed to be very thorough, and took another course of lectures after he had been in practice several years, and graduated in 1841 from Ohio Medical College. Skillful as a general practitioner and as a surgeon, he arose to a most lucrative practice and amassed a nice fortune. He was president of the Clermont Medical Association in 1860, and was constantly being called into consultation by the neighboring physicians, who all recognized his skill and cool discernment in aggravated cases of illness. Dr. Delos C. Sharp, son of Dr. Ralph, began practicing in 1843, and still continues at Williamsburgh, as does also Dr. Erastus C. Sharp, son of Dr. E. C. Sharp, Sr. ; and over half a century a Dr. Clark practiced there, — a man of con siderable skill and wit. Dr. William Thompson was born near Danville, Ky., June 19, 1796, and was a son of Rev. William J. and Lucretia Thompson (whose maiden name was Lucretia Webster). In the early part of the century he removed to Clermont, where he lived till his death, May 9, 1840. He obtained his education by the fireside of his father's house as his best advantages, and qualified himself for teaching school, which he followed until he began the study of medicine. January 1, 1820, he married Sarah, daughter of John and Elizabeth Hill, and in April of that year began his studies under Dr. Higgins (a noted prac titioner who had studied under the celebrated Dr. Drake, and who had many good students), at Neville, where he remained till 1823, when he commenced the practice at Bethel. Three years later he took a course of lectures in the Ohio Medical College, and then continued for twenty years, uninterruptedly, a 'large practice. He was a well- informed physician, a gentleman, and an incessant worker in the profession, and his special success in midwifery gave him great popularity. He was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in personal appearance six feet high, erect and slender in form, fair complexion, black hair, blue eyes, and aquiline nose. Of his children, Meramis, L. 0. M., Aurelius P., and Mildred H. died young; but the following are still living: Sarah R., Bor- zelius, D. W., and Dr. William Eberle Thompson, — the latter in active practice at Bethel as his honored father's successor after a score of years, and who read medicine with Dr. S. L. Scoville, and graduated at Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, opening out in practice in 1860. In the old Bethel graveyard the grave of the Christian physician of noble skill, who had read the science at the feet of the learned Dr. Higgins, is marked by a marble slab bearing the following inscription : " Erected to the memory of Dr. William Thompson, who died May 9th, 1840, in the 44th year of his age. " ' Go, stranger, ask the sick and poor, Who always promptly found their door When the King of Terror's pallid bands Stalked ghastly o'er these Western lands ? They'll tell you, with a gently-trembling tear, His dust lies here.' " From 1800 to 1805, Dr. David Lufburrow held forth at Bethel. He was an old-school doctor of solemn rigor, and a disciple of Esculapius equal to the emergencies of frontier life. 19 " Old Dr. Albert Dart" practiced all over the county, and resided at various places. He had great experience, and could be relied on in severe cases of any disease. From 1815 to 1820, Dr. R. W. Hale was the physician at Chilo, and was the first to engage in practice there. Dr. Hiram Cox (father of Judge Joseph Cox, of Cin cinnati) practiced several years in Batavia between 1830 and 1836. Dr. Allen Woods was born in Cynthiana, Ky., Oct. 4, 1805, and was the son of Allen Woods, who removed from Kentucky to Pleasant township (then in Clermont) in 1806, and laid out the town of Georgetown. The doctor's father was elected coroner of Clermont in 1808, and in 1809, on the resignation of Sheriff Levi Rogers, was sheriff to fill the unexpired term of Rogers. When the doctor was a boy the county of Brown was created out of Adams and Cler mont, and was attended with great excitement and led to violent animosities in the press and many street fights. Dr. Woods read medicine with that brilliant medical light, Dr. Philip J. Buckner, and attended the lectures of the Ohio Medical College. He practiced medicine one year jvith Dr. Buckner as partner at Georgetown, and in 1832 moved to Felicity, where he acquired a very large and lucrative practice till 1851, when he settled on his elegant farm just back of Chilo. He was married for the first time on Nov. 16, 1837, to Miss Cornelia Jane Whipple, a native of Windsor Co., Vt., — a woman of rare culture and most amiable disposition, by whom he had one son, Lieut. Frank H. Woods, killed at Chiekamauga ; and his second marriage was on March 18, 1847, to Miss Eliza Porter, of Brown County, — a noble woman of unsurpassed domestic virtues and Christian graces, by whom he had a large family of sons and daughters, among whom is Professor Austin Woods, superintendent of tbe Batavia High School in the years 1873, '74, and '75. The county has hardly had a better practical physician or more skillful surgeon than Dr. Woods. Deeply read in English literature and the best Shakspearean scholar in the county, he is a poet him self, although his modesty has prevented his giving his sweet and cultured effusions to the public. He is now mostly retired from active practice, save in a few old fami lies who insist on retaining his services, and lives in ease and comfort, surrounded by a happy family, in a pleasant home overlooking the grand Ohio. For many years Dr. Job Dart was a contemporary of Dr. Woods, and was much esteemed as a practitioner. Dr. A. V. Hopkins was born in Kentucky, on June 12, 1791, and died in Amelia, on April 9, 1871, having lived fourscore years, two-thirds of which was spent in active battle for the alleviation of distresses of mankind. He came when young to Clermont County, and on Dee. 3, 1818, married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Fee, one of the pioneers of the county, and was a brother-in-law of Dr. L. T. Pease, of Williamsburgh. Dr. Hopkins received a good medical education, and read medicine under the best practitioners of his day, and having settled in Bethel, at once grew into a large practice. In 1821 he purchased two lots in that town of Kelly Burke, and there resided till his removal to Batavia, about 1834, and here he prac ticed several years. His last place of residence (having at 146 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. an early day been at Williamsburgh) was Amelia, and for a large area of territory, extending in every direction, he rode at the calls of the suffering and sick. Well read in physic, quick and skillful as a surgeon, of a vast fund of general information derived from hard study and daily ob servation, he was a doctor popular with the people and esteemed by the profession for his learning and many social qualities. He was a representative in the Twenty-third General Assembly, elected in 1824, and had Gen. Thomas Gatch for his colleague, and was greatly instrumental in securing the passage of the first general school law in Ohio (the famous act of 1825), and for which labors, to him, Gen. Gatch, and State Senator Thomas Morris this county owes a debt of great gratitude. He was elected county in firmary director in 1855, and re-elected in 1858, and served six years. A distinguished physician, a very prominent Mason (which order turned out to his funeral in large numbers and with its grand honors), a devoted father and kind neighbor, he made a great mark in the threescore years of his life in the county of his adoption. Dr. James Charles Kennedy, of Batavia, whose solid reputation as a physician is not confined to Clermont County or Ohio, but extends to distant States, was born in Butler Co., Pa., on Feb. 11, 1809. In 1812 his parents removed to Clermont County and settled in what is now a part of Brown. He received a good common-school edu cation, and in 1829 began the study of medicine under Dr. Edward Newton, at Felicity (where Dr. Newton prac ticed from about 1828 to 1840), and had for his fellow- pupil L. M. Lawson, who practiced a short time at Felic ity and afterwards moved to Cincinnati, and became one of the most distinguished of the profession in the land as a practitioner, professor in college, and editor of medical journals. Dr. Kennedy finished his elementary studies with Dr. George B. Bailey, at Georgetown, and in 1831 began the practice of medicine at Felicity ; and in 1839, having taken the requisite courses of lectures, graduated with high honors at the Medical College of Ohio. In con nection with Judge James H. Thompson, of Hillsboro', and Col. John Allen, of Georgetown, he was appointed by the Forty-sixth General Assembly as a commission to pro ceed to Mexico and accompany back to Ohio the remains of Gen. Thomas L. Hamer, who had died in defense of his country. In 1847, Dr. Kennedy was elected a representative to the Legislature from the joint district of Clermont and Brown, aud had as his colleague the late Judge Shepard F. Norris. In 1854 he removed to Batavia, where he has since resided in the house bought of the late Hon. Jona than D. Morris, and built by ex-United States senator Thomas Morris. The doctor was one of the founders of the county medical society in 1853, was its president in 1873, and has been its corresponding secretary from its organization. In 1877 he was first vice-president of the State medical society, and is a member of the United States Medical Society. He remains in most active prac tice at this writing, and is often called at great distances for consultation in critical cases. His contributions to the medical press on various topics, scientific and medical have made him known throughout the State; but his investiga tions and writings on the subject of insanity have at tracted the attention of the learned and scientific all over the land. His paper on " Mental Action, Normal and Ab normal," reported from the proceedings of the Ohio State Medical Society for May, 1878, caused a sensation in the profession, and led to his being subpoenaed by Judge Curtis of New York City, to attend, as a witness for the defendant the trial of Tom Buford, in 1879, in Kentucky, for killino- Judge Elliot, of the Court of Appeals, wherein the defense of insanity was made. The doctor attended the trial, and notwithstanding the attempted browbeating of lawyers gave in evidence and elucidated his theories with ability and honor and acquitted himself with credit, and rained new laurels in addition to those already before won by his brains and decisive character. Dr. Kennedy is one of the few physicians who read and study constantly. Keeps posted in current medical literature, which, with a native mind of unusual brilliancy and vigor and a constant prac tice, makes him a physician equal to the emergencies of the age with all its progress and culture. The State medical society, at its session in 1879, requested him by resolution to deliver at its meeting of 1880 an address on " Insanity.'' Dr. Thomas Boude came from Augusta, Ky., to Felicity at an early day, and practiced till about ] 840, and after him was the lamented Dr. Washington B. Utter, a brisrht light in the profession, who died young, ere his great abili ties were fully ripened. Dr. John W. Kennedy, a brother of Dr. J.- C, born near Ripley, Ohio, began the study of medicine in 1841, moved to Felicity in 1842, and commenced reading with his brother. He attended the Ohio Medical College in the winter of 1842 and '43, and finished his studies in read ing in 1844, when he went into partnership with his brother, and which continued for ten years till his brother's removal to Batavia. He then practiced alone until 1864, when his declining health forced him to retire, and he then went into the drug business, in which, with his son Frank, he still remains. He was a good practitioner and highly esteemed by his many patients. Dr. John Locke Kennedy, son of Dr. J. C, was one of the most brilliant minds ever born in Clermont; was assist ant surgeon in the Union army, served under the brave cavalry general Custer, and was all through the " Price Kaid," in Missouri. He married a daughter of Dr. Wil liam Wayland, Jr., and died about 1866, leaving his wife and two sons to mourn the loss of a kind father and most devoted husband. In 1834 the following physicians in Clermont were on the tax lists to pay medical licenses " to practice physic and surgery :" J. P. Arbuckle, Elisha Bennett, of Withams ville ; Thomas W. Brown, of Mulberry ; Thomas Boude, of Felicity ; Hiram Cox, of Batavia ; William B. Chiplcy, of Bethel ; William Doane, of Withamsville ; L. A. Hen drick, of Milford ; William Herbert, A. V. Hopkins, of Bethel; J. T. Johnson, of New Richmond; J.C.Ken nedy, L. M. Lawson, of Felicity ; Edward McNeal, S. G. Meek, of Goshen ; A. F. McCall, of Bethel ; Edward Newton, of Felicity; George Philips, Thomas M. Pink ham, of Bantam; Leavitt T. Pease, of Williamsburgh; Isaac and John Thacker, of Goshen; William Thompson, THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 147 of Bethel; S. G. Thornton, of Batavia; William B. Thompson, Wheaton Thomas, John G. Rogers, of New Richmond ; Nathan Shephard, Erastus C. Sharp, of Wil liamsburgh ; William Wayland, William Wayland, Jr., of Batavia ; William Williams, of Milford ; and James War ren. Of the above, Dr. Elisha Bennett is still in practice, and in 1851 and 1852 served two years in the Legislature as Representative. Dr. Thomas Boude was the son of John Boude, the third sheriff of Clermont, and Dr. W. B. Chipley married Sidney, a daughter of United States Senator Thomas Morris, and moved to Washington, Mo. Dr. William Doane was representative in the Legislature in 1831 and 1832 (two terms), senator in 1834 and 1835 (one term of two years), and representative in Congress from 1839 to 1843 (two terms), and was a splendid physician and a noted man in politics. Dr. S. G. Meek was one of the original proprietors of the town of Goshen, and Dr. Thomas M. Pinkham still lives at Bantam, having retired with a competence from a successful practice. Dr. William Wayland, Jr., graduated in 1834, at Ohio Medical College, began practice same year in Batavia, and continued to his death, May 24, 1852. He was a fine phy sician, of splendid mental powers, and very popular with all classes in his extensive practice, in which he was cut down by the fell destroyer in the prime of a noble manhood. In 1843, Dr. Joseph A. Weaver began the practice of den tistry in Batavia, and continued tiil his death, a few years ago, and in 1846, Dr. Henry Collins practiced medicine there and for a few years following. In 1839 the following were the licensed physicians in Clermont : Batavia, William Wayland, Sr., William Wayland, Jr., A. V. Hopkins, Sam uel Y. Thornton, each $4 license ; Williamsburgh, Leavitt T. Pease and E. C. Sharp, each $4 ; Bethel, A. F. McCall, $3, William Thompson, $5 ; Bantam, Thomas M. Pinkham. $3; Felicity, Thomas Boude, J. C. Kennedy, Allen Woods, each $4 ; Moscow, William Johnson, $4 ; Neville, John Miller, $4 ; New Richmond, John G. Rogers and J. T. Johnson, each $4 ; Withamsville, William Doane. $3, and Elisha Bennett, $ 4 ; Milford, L. A. Hendrick and C. M. Williams, each $5, William Williams, $4 ; Mulberry, T. M. Brown, $5 ; Goshen, Alfred B. Noble, $5 ; Edenton, Collins Leever, $2. Dr. David Wood, father of County Recorder Marcellus A. Wood, began practicing about 1845, at Point Isabel, and died in 1855, in the prime of life ; was a good physician and very studious. Dr. W. P. Kincaid, a graduate of the Ohio Medical College, located in the village of Neville, Clermont Co., in the year 1843, where he successfully practiced his profes sion for over twenty years, and changed his location to New Richmond in 1868, where he still is engaged in active practice. He became a member of the Ohio State Medical Society in 1853, and in 1863 received the highest honor that sci entific body could confer upon a member, by being elected its president. In 1861 he was elected by the State medical society a member of the examining board, to act in conjunction with the professors of all the legular medical colleges in the State in the examination of candidates for the degree of doctor of medicine, and served in that capacity for three years. He has for many years been a working member of the American Medical Association, also of the district and county societies, and in 1867 was elected Professor of Surgery in the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, Cincin nati, Ohio, but, owing to other engagements, declined to accept the honorable position. He was elected to the Ohio Senate in 1857, and served two sessions in that honorable body. Dr. Erasmus D. Hopkins, a sou of Dr. A. V. Hopkins, graduated at Ohio Medical College, and died at Amelia, in 1849, of cholera. He was practicing at Cherry Grove, and went to Amelia to assist his father in the epidemic prevail ing, and was cut down by the fell destroyer in the thirtieth year of his age. Dr. Thomas M. Pinkham graduated at Ohio Medical College in 1828, settled at Bantam, but retired from active practice in 1878, after half a century's assiduous attention to his profession. He was born at Martha's Vineyard, Mass., in 1802, and was the son of an old sea-captain. He read medicine with Dr. William Wayland in Bethel, and with Whitman and Cobb in Cincinnati. Dr. Daniel A. McLain, born in 1809 in South Carolina, came to Clermont in 1828 ; studied medicine with Dr. William Thompson at Bethel in 1838 and '39 ; attended Medical College of Ohio in 1841 and '42, and has been in practice ever since. Dr. William Ellsberry, born in Tate township in 1808, studied with Dr. William Thompson, and been in practice at Bethel since 1844. His son, Dr. W. S. Ellsberry, graduated at Ohio Medical College in 1873, and practices in connection with his father. Dr. Julius D. Abbott read with Dr. R. B. Davy, of Cin cinnati, and graduated at the Cincinnati College of Medi cine in 1874, locating at Bethel the same year. Dr. A. C. Moore, of Amelia, was born in Belmont Co., Ohio, Jan. 11, 1825, and after being a few years old came to Clermont with his father, who was for many years county surveyor. He graduated from a medical college at Columbus in February, 1850, and 1851 located at Locust Corners, in 1853 at Bantam, in 1855 at Moscow, and in 1866 at Amelia, where he still remains. Since 1869 he has been a member of the State medical society. Dr. T. J. Mullen, of New Richmond, is the son of one of the pioneer families of Clermont, and ranks as one of the leading members of his profession. The following were the physicians of all schools, as found from official sources, practicing in Clermont in 1862. It is possible that others whose names are not recorded were also practitioners. Their names and those of others of later period may be found in the several township histories : Batavia, Drs. J. C. Kennedy, H. McCaskey, A. C. Mc Chesney, Joseph McMillen, and J. C. & J. A. Weaver (dentists). Williamsburgh, Drs. L. T. Pease, E. C. Sharp,. Sr., E. C. Sharp, Jr., and D. C. Sharp. New Richmond, Drs. J. G. Rogers, T. J. Mullen, W. V. Peck, Jr., Adolph Schroem, and Dr. Stokes (homoeopathic). Felicity, Drs. H. Bradley, J. W. Kennedy, M. L. Day, N. S. Hill, and Matthew Gibson (independent). Chilo, Dr. Allen Woods. 148 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Bethel, Drs. S. S. Scoville, William Ellsberry, D. A. McLain, W. E. Thompson, and S. S. Chase. Laurel, Dr. S. B. South and Dr. I. N. Brown (eclectic). Nicholsville, Dr. Philip Kennedy. Milford, Drs. C. D. Gatch, P. B. Gatch, William Williams, and Thomas M. Brown. Miamiville, Dr. Alfred Buckingham. Goshen, Drs. J. E. Myers (grad uated ut Ohio Medical College in 1851, and was elected to Legislature in 1859 as representative and served two years ; been in most active practice for twenty-nine years), D. S. Lyman, and T. Thacker. Years before, Drs. Bart Emory, M. T. Ross, Albert Dart, Cortland Williams, A. Robb', R. Westerfield, I. N. Thacker, and Dr. Haviland had prac ticed there. Loveland, Drs. R. C. Belt and John P. Em ory (the latter was elected representative from Clermont in 1853, served two years in the Legislature, and was one of the best members Clermont ever had. Of late years the doctor has devoted his time and attention mostly to horti culture on his elegant homestead two miles from town). Amelia, Drs. N. J. Barber, A. V. Hopkins, W. W. Robin son, and Cyrus Gaskins (eclectic). Bantam, Drs. Thomas M. Pinkham and J. B. Collins. Marathon, Drs. J. W. Mendenhall, Lewis Behymer, and Michael Bickmore (last two eclectic). Boston, Drs. J. S. Combs and B. Blythe (eclectic). Cedron, Dr. A. H. Glenn. Point Isabel, Dr. A. B. McKee. Withamsville, Drs. H. L. Donham, Elisha Bennett, J. M. Witham. Olive Branch, Dr. W. W. In- galls (eclectic). Mulberry, Dr. Eli Elstun. Neville, Dr. W. P. Kincaid. Moscow, Drs. William Johnston, Abram C. Moore. In the past decade several pronounced cases of trichina spiralis attracted the attention of the profession, and one case in particular, reported by Dr. W. S. Anderson, of New- tonville, was one to greatly interest the county association. The prevalence of smallpox at certain towns was the espe cial study of some of the physicians, and the discussions thereon in the county society's meeting developed the fact that the profession understood thoroughly this disease, once the most dreadful to be feared. Of late falls and winters malarial fevers, in slight attacks, have generally been the predominating complaint, but in general the county has been free from epidemic diseases. THE CLERMONT COUNTY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION was organized May 11, 1853, for the acquisition of medical knowledge, by encouraging observation and comparison of the experience of its members. The constitution of this association, which has been productive of so much good to the profession in Clermont, and thereby conducive" to the best interests of society in general, provided that the duty of its censors should be to ascertain the eligibility and qualifications of applicants for membership, who are re quired to be graduates of a regular medical school, or be a practicing physician, of such attainments that he might graduate by taking one course of lectures at a medical col lege ; and if the censors recommended the applicant, and two-thirds of the members voted for him, he might enroll his name as a member of the association. It is made the duty of each member to keep a faithful record of all cases of interest which he treats, noting the age, color, sex, and condition of the patient; the causes, where obvious;' the type, symptoms, treatment, duration, and termination of the disease ; and, when practicable, the post-mortem appearances the material parts of which he shall embody in an intelli gible form, and present it to the association, for the use of such members as may wish to consult it. The discussions of the meetings of the association have elicited much able and useful information upon a large variety of medical and scientific subjects, and the happy and pleasant interchange of experience in extraordinary cases have largely tended to give strength and tone to the profession in the county. On several occasions papers of more than usual merit were read by distinguished physicians from abroad, as well as by the members. The association holds semi-annual meetings on the third Wednesday in May and October, and frequently- special sessions at the time and place of the Teachers' Institute. The names of those who have been members of the asso ciation, but have .removed from its jurisdiction, are as fol lows : Drs. A. Robb, S. B. Crew, H. R. Collins, George 0. Butler, J. S. Wright, J. B. Collins, Asher Goslin, H. P. Willis, A. C. McChesney, A. C. R. Seyvert, J. C. Magginis, and J. L. Waffensmith. The deceased members are L. A. Hendrick, L. T. Pease, D. Barber, A. V. Hopkins, Wm. Johnston, M. Smith, J. Comeiras, E. C. Sharp, Sr., W. V. Peck, Jr., W. C. Hall, F. Dennis, J. Locke Kennedy, Joseph McMillen, W. S. Moore, Wm. Williams, and C. D. Gatch. The latter was in Ford's Theatre, in Washington, when the lamented Lincoln was assassinated, in April, 1865, and was the first physician to reach the dying President and examine the wound of the martyr of his country. The living members of the association are H. L. Donham, John G. Rogers, J. C. Kennedy, J. S. Combs, Adolph Schroem, John W. Kennedy, Allen Woods, D. S. Lyman, W. P. Kincaid, D. A. McLain, T. J. Mullen, Wm. Ells berry, S. S. Scoville, J. W. Mendenhall, J. H. Gray, Thos. W. Gordon, H. McCaskey, J. 0. Marsh, Enos B. Fee, W. E. Tucker, Thos. M. Brown, W. S. Anderson, W. E. Thompson, W. A. Carmichael, N. J. Barber, A. B. McKee, Harvey Bradley, A. S. Bryan, L. W. Bishop, A. C. Moore, E. L. Moore, R. B. Davy, N. S. Hill, A. W. Ashburn, W. A. Bivens, W. J. Strofe, L. H. Medaris, Thos. L. Scott, C. C. Walton, J. H. Love, Colin Spence, R. C. Belt, J. A. Wheeler, A. Morris, W. S. Ellsbury, S. B. South, John P. Richardson, Frank H. Danby, C. T. McKibben, Isaac Redrew, R. F. Ermann, T. A. Mitchell, J. L. Moore, Samuel L. Witham, and H. Bradley. The last named, a well-known practitioner at Felicity for more than twenty- five years, Dr. N. S. Hill, the popular physician of Neville, and Dr. N. J. Barber, of New Richmond, all served as surgeons in the Union army, with credit to themselves and honor to the profession. Dr. A. B. McKee, of Felicity, served in the Mexican war, and was severely wounded in the wrist ; and again, in the Union army, serving as a captain, he was so danger ously wounded that he had to retire from the service. The officers from 1853 to 1880 were as follows: 1853.— President, John G. Rogers; Vice-Presidents, L. A. Hendrick, L. T. Pease; Recording Secretary, D. Barber; Correspond ing Secretary, H. Kennedy; Treasurer, A. V. Hopkins; Censors, W. P. Kincaid, D. S. Lyman, D. A. McLain. THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. 149 1854.— President, L. A. Hendrick ; Vice-President, William Ellsberry ; Secretary, J. C. Kennedy; Corresponding Secretary, D. S. Lyman ; Treasurer, S. B. Crew ; Censors, J. G. Rogers, W. P. Kincaid, J. S. Combs. 1855. — President, William Williams; Vice-Presidents, D.S.Lyman, S. S. Scoville; Recording Secretary, S. B. Crew; Corre sponding Secretary, J. S. Combs; Treasurer, J. C. Ken nedy; Censors, Thomas M. Brown, L. T. Peaso, W. P. Kin caid. 1850. — President, Andrew V. Hopkins; Vice-Presidents, William Ellsberry, Philip Kennedy; Recording Secretary, J. C. Ken nedy ; Corresponding Secretary, Joseph McMillen ; Treas urer, E. C. Sharp; Censors, D. S. Lyman, S. S. Scoville, T. J. Mullen. 1857.— President, William Ellsberry ; Vice-Presidents, D. A. McLain, J. S. Combs ; Recording Secretary, J. C. Kennedy ; Corre sponding Secretary, S. S. ScoviUe; Treasurer, J. G. Rogers; Censors, W. P. Kincaid, T. M. Brown, D. S. Lyman. 1858.— President, D. S. Lyman ; Vice-Presidents, L. T. Pease, T. M. Brown; Recording Secretary, S. S. Scoville; Corresponding Secretary, D. A. McLain ; Treasurer, J. G. Rogers ; Censors, S. B. Crew, J. G. Rogers, William Williams. 1859. — President, John G. Rogers; Vice-Presidents, W. P. Kincaid, E. C. Sharp, Sr. ; Recording Secretary, J. S. Combs ; Cor responding Secretary, S. B. Crew; Treasurer, L. T. Pease; Censors, A. V. Hopkins, J. C. Kennedy, T. J. Mullin. I860.— President, L. T. Pease; Vice-Presidents, D. A. McLain, J. S. Combs; Recording Secretary, S. S. Scoville; Corresponding Secretary, J. C. Kennedy; Treasurer, T. J. Mullen ; Censors, D. S. Lyman, Philip Kennedy, E. C. Sharp, Jr. 1861.— President, S. S. Scoville; Vice-Presidents, J. G. Rogers, W. S. Anderson; Recording Secretary, J. W. Mendenhall; Cor responding Secretary, A. C. McChesney; Treasurer, J. S. Combs; Censors, L. T. Pease, S. B. Crew, D. S. Lyman. 1862. — The war of this year prevented the annual meeting and elec tion ; old officers held over. 1863.— President, W. P. Kincaid; Vieo-Presidents, William Ells berry, J. G. Rogers ; Recording Secretary, Hugh McCaskey ; Corresponding Secretary, W. V. Peck, Jr. ; Treasurer, D. A. McLain ; Censors, W. E. Thompson, J. S. Combs, W. V. Peck, Jr. 1864.— President, E. C. Sharp, Sr. ; Vice-Presidents, D. A. McLain, T.J. Mullen; Treasurer, H. McCaskey; Recording Secre tary, J. Locke Kennedy ; Corresponding Secretary, J. C. Kennedy; Censors, L. T. Pease, William S. Anderson, Harvey Bradley. 1865.— President, W. C. Hall (of Fayetteville, Brown Co.); Vice- Presidents, D. A. McLain, A. C. McChesney; Treasurer, Philip Kennedy; Recording Secretary, J. W. Mendenhall; Corresponding Secretary, J. C. Kennedy; Censors, J. S. Combs, William E. Thompson, J. C. Magginis. 1866. — President, William S. Anderson; Vice-Presidents, J. S. Combs, N. S. Hill; Treasurer, D. A. McLain; Recording Secretary, J. C. Kennedy; Corresponding Secretary, H. McCaskey; Censors, W. C. Hall, L. T. Pease, W. E. Thomp son. 1867. — President, J. G. Rogers; Vice-Presidents, L. T. Pease, D. S. Lyman ; Treasurer, D. A. McLain ; Recording Secretary, F. Dennis; Corresponding Secretary, H. McCaskey; Censors, F. Dennis, W. S. Anderson, T. J. Mullen. 1868.— President, T. J. Mullen; Vice-Presidents, II. Bradley, W. C. Hall; Recording Secretary, J. C. Kennedy; Corresponding Secretary, Hugh McCaskey; Treasurer, D. A. McLain; Censors, E. C. Sharp, D. S. Lyman, Philip Kennedy. 1869.— President, D. A. McClain; Vice Presidents, N. S. Hill, W. P. Kincaid ; Recording Secretary, Harry P. Willis ; Corre sponding Secretary, J. C. Kennedy; Treasurer, Wm. E. Thompson ; Censors, Adolph Schroem, W. S. Anderson, T. J. Mullen. 1870.— President, N. S. Hill; Vice-Presidents, W. E. Tucker, W. S. Anderson ; Recording Secretary, H. P. 'Willis ; Correspond ing Secretary, J. C. Kennedy ; Treasurer, W. E. Thomp son ; Censors, W. P. Kincaid, D. S. Lyman, W. E. Thomp son. 1871. — President, Adolph Schroem ; Vice-Presidents, Philip Kennedy, A. C. Moore; Recording Secretary, A. W. Ashburn; Cor responding Secretary, J. C. Kennedy; Treasurer, D. A. McLain; Censors, J. S. Coombs, H. Bradley, L. T. Pease. 1872.— President, A. C. Moore; Vice-Presidents, R. B. Davy, L. II. Medaris ; Treasurer, W. E. Thompson ; Recording Secretary, Allen W. Ashburn; Corresponding Secretary, J.C.Ken nedy; Censors (no names given on the record). 1873. — President, James C. Kennedy; Vice-Presidents, L. H. Me daris, II. L. Donham ; Treasurer, L. W. Bishop; Recording Secretary, A. W. Ashburn; Corresponding Secretary, C. C. Walton ; Censors, J. S. Combs, AV. S. Anderson, Philip Kennedy. 1S74. — President, Harvey Bradley ; Vice-Presidents, Philip Kennedy, C. C. Walton ; Treasurer, L. W. Bishop ; Recording Secre tary, A. W. Ashburn ; Corresponding Secretary, J. C. Ken nedy; Censors, J. C. Richardson, A. C. Moore, J. C. Ken nedy. 1875. — President, Philip Kennedy; Vice-Presidents;*" Recording Secretary, A. W. Ashburn; Corresponding Secretary, J. C. Kennedy ; Treasurer, L. W. Bishop ; Censors, J. P. Rich ardson, L. W. Bishop, D. A. McLain. 1876. — President, J. S. Combs; Vice-President, J. P. Richardson; Treasurer, L. W. Bishop ; Recording Secretary, A. W. Ash burn; Corresponding Secretary, J. C. Kennedy; Censors, A. Morris, Wm. Ellsberry, D. S. Lyman. 1S77. — President, A. Morris; Vice-President, N. S. Hill; .Recording Secretary, A. W. Ashburn; Corresponding Secretary, J. C. Kennedy; Treasurer, Philip Kennedy; Censors, W. A.Car- michael, T. J. Mullen, Wm. Ellsbury. 187S. — President, W. S.Anderson; Vice-Presidents, J.P.Richard son, A.C.Moore; Treasurer, Philip Kennedy; Recording Secretary, A. W. Ashburn; Corresponding Secretary, J. C. Kennedy; Censors, H. Bradley, T. J. Mullen, Isaac Red- row. 1879. — President, L. H. Medaris; Vice-President, S. B. South; Treasurer, Philip Kennedy; Recording Secretary, A. W. Ashburn; Corresponding Secretary, J. C. Kennedy; Cen sors, J. S. Combs, J. T. Wheeler, A. Schroem. 1880.— President, L. W. Bishop; Vice-President, S. W. Ellsberry ; Treasurer, Philip Kennedy; Recording Secretary, A. W. Ashburn; Corresponding Secretary, J. C. Kennedy; Cen sors, N. S. Anderson, T. J. Mullen, and J. S. Coombs. THE ECLECTIC SYSTEM OF MEDICINE. A little more than half a century ago there was awakened considerable inquiry into the science of medicine, and out of this originated the eclectic system ; and the reasons for the movement were found in the character of the practice of medicine during the early part of the century. The eclectic physicians discarded the common use of blood-letting, free purgation, mercury in its different forms, antimony and nauseants, blisters, and medicine in large doses to influence the kidneys and skin, claiming that with such treatment the appetite for food was lost, digestion impaired, debilita tion and prostration produced, and the recovery of the pa tient made a matter of doubt. There was revolt in several sections of the country against the old-school practice, at the head of which new movement appeared Drs. Benu, Tidd, and Thompson ; and after a short lapse of time the new eclectic system obtained a foothold in a number of States, and succeeded in organizing colleges and establishing peri odicals and journals. The Union Eclectic Medical Society of Clermont was or ganized on October 18, 1856, with Dr. J. S. Martin, Pres ident ; Dr. B. Blythe, Vice-President ; Dr. Richard Marsh, Secretary ; Dr. W. M. Ingalls, Treasurer ; Board of Censors, ¦ Names not found. 150 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Drs. M. A. Kelly, C. H. Thomas, H. C. Nicholson, I. H. Day. At its seventeenth annual meeting, May 30, 1873, it was reorganized with the following officers : President, Dr. I. H. Day; Dr. I. N. Brown, Secretary; and Dr. Eben Behymer, Treasurer. Its present' membership includes twenty-five physicians in active practice, quite a number of whom live just outside of the county limits. It was reor ganized under the name of " Clermont Eclectic Medical Association," and adopted a new constitution, the fourth section of which provides that " the word Eclectic, as used by this Association, is understood to be synonymous with universal freedom of thought, investigation, and action within the legitimate scope of medical practice. That med icines are beneficial only when used medicinally, or in medi cinal doses, guarded by a correct diagnosis. And to this end we claim the fullest liberty in prescribing for each partic ular case as dictated by our better judgment, baving regard to any permanent impression made or condition entailed upon the patient." In 1873-74, Dr. Cyrus Gaskins, of Amelia, was the president of the Eclectic Association. He graduated in 1859 at the " Cincinnati College of Eclectic Medicine and Surgery and 'Eclectic Medical Institute," and has since enjoyed an extensive and lucrative practice, probably standing at the head of his school in the county. Of the early graduates of duly chartered eclectic colleges who had located in the county for the practice of that system of medicine, but who have deceased or removed, were Drs. John S. Watts, of Felicity ; S. H. Chase, of Bethel ; E. B. Chatterton, of Mount Repose; W. M. In- gals, of Amelia; B. Blythe, of Boston ; Richard Marsh, of Marathon ; and A. B. Gaskins, Edwin Behymer, W. W. Robinson, A. McKay, G. W. McDonald, and 11. M. Avey. The eclectic school of medicine has at present the fol lowing practitioners in the county : Drs. Cyrus Gaskins, Amelia ; J. H. Day, Point Isabel ; Isaac M. Brown, Laurel ; Mathew Gibson, Felicity; B. F. Mitchell, Felicity; J. H. Norman, Edenton ; W. D. Cole, Moscow ; W. 0. Davis, Chilo ; J. S. Galloway, Lindale; 0. D. Simmons, Laurel; R. T. Leacock, Olive Branch ; George W. Moore, Batavia ; J. T. Ricker, Locust Corner; Dr. Wilber, Henning's Mills; and Quincy A. Brown, Bethel. Drs. B. Blythe and W. M. Ingalls were rather celebrated practitioners, and the latter was at one time the president of the Ohio Medical Society, and for many years a con tributor to the Eclectic Medical Journal of Cincinnati the recognized organ of that school of medicine, and edited with unusual ability by the distinguished Dr. John M. Scudder. The Clermont County Eclectic Medical Association holds its annual meetings at Amelia, and the exercises consist of essays, discussions, comparisons of practice, and lectures by distinguished practitioners from abroad. The fragmentary condition of the records precludes the giving of much interesting matter pertaining to its work, but, in the main the association is in a prosperous condition. CHAPTER XVII. THE PRESS AND AUTHORS. THE POLITICAL CENSOR. This was the title of the first newspaper ever published in Clermont, and was a humble beginning in an avocation in which so many of its citizens afterwards distinguished themselves. The proud journalistic reputation of the county has been echoed throughout the land, and its press has achieved an enviable reputation for enterprise and the ability and genius of the men who contributed to its pages, many of whom,»in consequence, were sought out and transferred to other and more extensive fields of labor in the capital and other chief cities of the State and the great West. If the caustic Donn Piatt, the great national paragraphist, in his satirical article on Clermont, anathe matizing her for being a county unprecedentedly prolific in office-holders and office-seekers, had said it was a county whose chief productions were editors, printers, publishers, reporters, and writers, he would have embalmed solemn truth in its grandest niche of historical fame, and immor talized his trenchant pen. The Political Censor was printed at Williamsburgh, the ancient and honorable shire-town of the county, and its first number was issued on Friday, Jan. 15, 1813. Its projectors were evidently devoid of that superstitious feel ing which has since obtained in some localities, or they would not have launched their frail newspaper-bark on the ill-fated day of " Friday." This pioneer sheet was pub lished, owned, and edited by Thomas S. Foote and Kobert Tweed, both well-known public men of that day; the former a noted lawyer, and for many years prosecuting attorney, and the latter elected coroner in 1824, and on Daniel Hankins resigning the sheriffalty in 1825 he filled out the remaining six months of his term. Charles D. McManaman, a "jour" printer of practice and long expe rience, set up the type for this journal, which was printed on paper fifteen and a half by nine and a half inches, and on a press (the old Ramage pattern) that was so small that only half of one side of the little sheet could be printed at one impression. The ink was applied to the forms with very small hand ink-balls, and the paper when printed was delivered to subscribers in town and country by trusty carriers. The printing-office was situated on Main Street, on the most easterly corner of lot No. 40, now occupied by the dwelling-house of Asa Smith. When Messrs. Foote & Tweed announced their intention of publishing a paper, the enterprise was encouraged by the people of the village and surrounding country, — most generally persons of edu cation and public spirit, — and the day of its first issue was an event of considerable importance, so that the windows and doors of the office were crowded (and the streets filled with people waiting anxiously their turns) with persons desirous to see the then novel operation of printing. The first- Censor was a dingy sheet, like all the prints of that early day, and contained a few advertisements, no local news, and some items of national and foreign news two months old. The appearance of this newspaper marked a new era in the county, created a thirst for reading, and a THE PRESS AND AUTHORS. 151 desire for knowing the events of the age and understanding their drift and bearings. It was the means of gradually inducing the inhabitants to investigate the state of the country, and to subscribe for papers of Cincinnati and those of the Eastern States, and in its day was unquestion ably a public-spirited agent. But owing to the meagre settlements and the troublous times attending the war of 1812, its lease of life was only of short duration, and from the data at hand we conclude that its period of publication did not exceed a year. Its successor, and the next paper in the county, was THE WESTERN AMERICAN, also published at Williamsburgh. Its first issue bore date Aug. 5, 1814, and its proprietors were David Morris and George Ely. The former was the editorial head, and was a man of more than ordinary capacity, possessing great ability as a pungent writer ; the latter is better known as the original proprietor of Batavia, and was probably the capi talist of the firm, who soon after disposed of his interest. The Western American was printed on a sheet twelve by nineteen inches, folded into four pages of four columns each, and issued every Saturday. Its terms of subscription were two dollars a year, if in advance (within two months being considered in advance), and two dollars and a half at expi ration of year. When sent by post there was an additional charge of fifty cents for postage, and wheat, delivered in any merchant-mill in the county, and such other country pro duce as might be approved was received, delivered at the office at market price. Advertisements not exceeding one square were inserted three times for one dollar, longer ones in proportion, and no paper was discontinued until all arrearages were paid. The issue of Feb. 11, 1815, contains an account of Gen. Jackson's famous victory over the British at New Orleans, on the 8th of previous month, the particulars of which had just been received, aud of the alarming contagious distemper prevailing among the people of Virginia. Baymiller & Brinton advertised to sell at their store in Williamsburgh all sorts of dry and West India goods, and occupied a whole column, — and it was then considered an extravagant piece of advertising. Ellis & Sinks informed their friends of their receiving at the house of James Her bert, on Broadway, a fresh supply of dry-goods, groceries, hardware, etc. ; and that in goods, at cash prices, they paid sixty-two and a half cents per gallon for whisky. Obed Denham advertised lots and lands at Bethel for sale cheap ; and there were divers notices of black stud-colts, bright-bay mares, and those of chestnut-sorrel color taken up as estrays. The public were posted that Thomas Barker had begun the tailoring business at Williamsburgh, at the shoe-shop of Samuel Cade; and that Zachariah Clevcnger would have a public sale at his residence, on the waters of Stonelick, near the Xenia road. Some foreign and Legislative news, with a few legal notices, made up the balance of the sheet. The quill of Editor Morris cut right and left as a dis turber of the prevailing wrongs of the day, and was always in favor of good order and the cause of education. The paper was published not to exceed two years, and the next venture was THE CLERMONT SENTINEL. This journal was the third in point of time, but the first issued that incorporated as part of its title the name of the county in which it was issued, and to which it looked for its moral and material support. The first issue bore date July 4, 1818, and the place of publication was also Williamsburgh, at that time the great centre of wealth and intelligence in the county. The publisher was Charles D. McManaman, who was raised to this position from the jour's place in the Cen sor office. The sheet was small, only ten and a half by sixteen inches, but was newsy and edited with credit, ably representing the interests of tbe county, which was just be ginning to recover from the effects of the war and starting out towards its present greatness. It was published on Saturday, but how long it was issued we are unable defi nitely to determine. No annals of its history remain, but tradition speaks of the paper as an enterprising print, far in advance of the people, who soon permitted it to perish, and that McManaman was a noble genius, who, in his day, did much to crystallize the rough forms of advancing civil ization. THE PARMER'S FRIEND was the fourth paper that sought public patronage in Cler mont County. Its place of publication was also Wil liamsburgh, and its editor was William A. Camron, who removed an office to this place from Lebanon, Ohio, the press of McManaman having been removed down the river. The Friend was begun in 1820, and was continued several years. It was a paper of merit, twenty-four by thirty-six inches in size, but lacking sufficient patronage was forced to discontinue. THE WESTERN PATRIOT. Batavia having become the permanent county-seat it was found necessary to meet the requirements of the place, as the seat of justice, to have a paper to publish the doings of the county officials, legal advertisements, and properly set forth the claims of the village as the future literary centre of Cler mont. The Patriot supplied this want, and was the fourth paper in the county, its first issue being dated May 24, 1824. The paper was twelve by twenty inches in size, and had four pages of four columns each. It was printed by Z. Colby & Co., on Water Street, in a building which stood where is now D. G. Dustin's tin establishment, every Saturday, at two dollars per annum, in advance, or three dollars after the expiration of a year. Payment in advance being to the mutual interests of all parties, that mode was solicited. No subscription was taken for less than six months, and all ar rearages had to be paid before the paper was discontinued. A desire to discontinue the paper at the end of a subscrip. tion, without notifying the publishers, was not regarded. Postage was required to be paid at the rate of fifty cents per year on all papers sent by mail, and all letters to the editor had to have the postage on them prepaid, or no attention was paid to them. After the paper had been published six months, and the funds to sustain it not coming in rapidly enough to lubricate the machinery, it advertised in a leaded notice to receive corn, wheat, flour, whisky, oats, and pork in payment for subscription ; and from subsequent' issues of 152 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. the paper it appears the publisher received a large amount of these articles of produce, including the pure extract of corn, distilled into pure whisky. This paper was non-par tisan and devoted to the interests of the people, and being independent and preserving a high tone in its utterances, was productive of great good in its dissemination of news and advocacy of principles conducive to the wants of society. Local journalism was then unknown, and its local items were few. Its well-selected columns were usually filled with European news, as detailed by the last arrival of a sailing- vessel across the ocean, a condensed variety from the Con gressional and Legislative proceedings, short tales, choice poetry, occasional brief editorials, scissored accounts of mur ders and other crimes, some legal and other advertisements. Journalism has made rapid strides in fifty-six years since the advent of The Western Patriot, and to-day the three papers of the county-seat are read at Batavia by five hun dred subscribers, while the circulation of the daily Cincin nati morning and evening press is over one hundred and twenty-five. Mrs. Sarah Colby, the wife of the publisher, carried on, in the room below his printing-office, the millinery business, and received in part pay for her wares and fine sewing, flax, linen, bacon, flour, sugar, rags, etc. In the issues of the first year appear the law cards of Wil liam H. Harrison, Jr. (son of the President), and of Gen. Richard Collins and Learner B. Collins, who practiced in the Clermont courts, — the former living in Cincinnati, but the latter keeping an office in Batavia, — also of Joseph S. Benham. Its columns show the vote of October, 1824, for Congress in the First District (Hamilton and Clermont Counties) to have been, — James Findlay, 2217 ; James W. Gazlay, 2181; David Morris (of Williamsburgh), 1194; and Benj. M. Piatt, 364. On Christmas-day, 1825, Ezekiel Dimmitt notified his friends in this paper of his willingness to receive the whole or part of any person's subscription to the " county-seat question," as the strife was ended, and Batavia had secured it, and reminded them that it was heavy work to " move county-seats" and that they must pay up ; from which it is inferred money was used in those days on both sides in fixing the seat of justice by paying committees and dele gations to besiege the Legislature and liquidate printing- bills and other claims. In March, 1825, Capt. W. S. Pat terson notified the members of his company (Batavia Light Infantry) to meet at the house of Samuel Shaw to receive their arms. On May 14, 1825, the publisher, Z. Colby, announced his proposals for publishing a semi-monthly work in Ba tavia to be entitled the " Backwoodsman's Miscellany," which would consist of essays in verse and prose upon a great variety of subjects, as love, marriage, elegies, satires upon vices, follies, etc., and some thoughts on the return of peace, land and naval victories, casualties, orations on various occasions. He set forth that as the name of Backwoods man had gone farther than the " Miscellany" would circulate that he would only say that his uncouth rhymes and prosaic pieces had found their way from the infant towns of Wil liamsburgh, Georgetown, Augusta, and Washington to every State in the Union, and that his funeral elegies had drawn forth the sympathetic tears, and his satirical pieces had seldom failed to excite the risibility of the readers. The conditions were that the " Miscellany" should be printed on good paper and long primer type every two weeks, in num. bers containing eight octavo pages to each, so as to form a convenient volume of two hundred and eight pages ; the price to subscribers was to be one dollar per year if paid in advance, twenty-five cents more if paid within the year, and one dollar and a half at the expiration of the year; that the first number would be put to press as soon as a sufficient number of subscribers were obtained to justify his engaging in the work ; but as there is no record of its appearance at any subsequent date, it is feared that the prospect of serial " funeral elegies" dampened the feelings of his expected subscribers, and they failed to respond to the prospectus of the editor. On May 28, 1825, Mr. Colby announced the completion of the first volume of the Patriot, and that while person ally he was glad of the choice of John Quincy Adams by . the National House for President, he had not and should not in the future make his paper a vehicle of politics, would occasionally touch on the vices of the day (studi ously avoiding personalities), and would furnish his readers with a view of the passing occurrences of the times as early as possible, and eloquently concluded by saying that some times printers stood in need of cash. That year its columns were full of the visit of Lafayette to our country, and the great honors being weekly heaped upon that noble French patriot, — the trusted friend of and worker with Washing ton. On June 11, 1825, this paper, in fourteen lines, de scribed tbe burglary of Daniel Hankins' store of two days previous, which event now would require at least a column of leaded type. The only patent-medicine advertisement was that of " La Mott's Cough Drops," — said to be effica cious, — and this elixir was certified by sundry clergymen to be a certain and sure cure for " coughs and consumptions." The issue of July 9, 1825, is largely taken up with an account of the grand celebration of tbe " Fourth," wherein the Batavia Light Infantry Company paraded, and after the procession a big dinner took place at Titus Everhart's inn, and of the committee of arrangements the following noted citizens we notice : George Ely, Dr. Josiah Lyman, Benj. Harris, Israel Whitaker, Wm. N. White, Robert Townsley, Luther M. Goff, Wm. M. Ely, W. H. Robinson, and Wm. Curtis. There was a national salute at daybreak ; .raising of a " liberty-tree," with the star spangled banner proudly floating at its top ; reading of the Declaration of Independ ence, by Learner B. Collins, and oration by Owen T. Fish back. There were regular toasts drank after removing the cloth of the dinner-table, followed by firing of guns and cheers; and then followed volunteer toasts by Jonathan D. Morris, Z. Colby (the editor), M. A. Bryan, Jesse Ellis, Richard McClure, and others. At Milford, too, was the glorious day duly observed, under General Thomas Gatch, as chief marshal, assisted by Isaac Covalt, as deputy ; and among those giving toasts to be drank (and they were drank) were Dr. Wm. Williams, Thomas D. Burrows, Josiah Broadwell, L. Pratt, D. F. Barney, Lain Ready, Captain Benj. Ramsey, Captain THE PRESS AND AUTHORS. 153 George Ramsey, Judge John Pollock, Peter Bell, Zaccheus Biggs, Jacob Broadwell, and John Emery. There were guns and cheers during the toasts ; groans for the Turks, and cheers for the Greeks, — then fighting to be delivered from their oppressors. Colonel John W. Robinson was the orator, and the genial Dr. L. A. Hendrick read the " Dec laration of 1776." This issue also contained two important wedding notices in high life, the first on June 30th, by that eccentric cir cuit-rider Rev. George W. Maley, of General Thomas Gatch and Miss Lucinda McCormick, daughter of the great pio neer Methodist, the noted Bev. Francis McCormick ; and the other on July 6th, by the same minister, of Dr. Wm. B. Chipley and Miss Sidney Ann Morris, daughter of Hon. Thomas Morris. The " Fourth" was also splendidly celebrated at the " Withams' Settlement," with musketry and martial music, and on top of its lofty " liberty-pole" was a garland of green hickory. Several Revolutionary heroes were present and a larger number of the soldiers of the war of 1812, and speeches and toasts were in abundance, giving the British lion hail-Columbia before and aft. One cannot read these old accounts of how our ancestors celebrated the natal day of the country fifty or sixty years ago without seeing the deep love that then prevailed for America and the animosity that cropped out unmistakably against Great Britain. The publisher advertised for rags, and to pay for the same at two cents and a half per pound in cash, or store goods ; or three cents in spelling-books and writing-paper, — rags to be clean linen and cotton ; and these spelling-books were the " New American Spelling-Book and Juvenile Preceptor," of which Mr. Colby was running a big advertisement in his paper, and for which he took them as pay. His terms of advertising were, — ten lines or less, three insertions for one dollar, and each continuance twenty-five cents, and larger ones in proportion. In August, 1826, appeared the last number of the West ern Patriot, its publisher, Mr. Colby, having sold out his office, type, and printing-press to David Morris. THE SPIRIT OP THE TIMES. David Morris, who in 1814 had published the Western American, at Williamsburgh, merged the Western Patriot of Mr. Colby, when he purchased it and its good-will, into The Spirit of the Times, the first number of which was is sued at Batavia on July 21, 1826, some seven weeks before the Patriot sold out, and was of the same size as that paper. In its issue of Dec. 27, 1828, Editor Morris said a few hundred-weight of pork would be received in payment of any debts due .its office, — probably for his family use, and to fatten his printers and fill up the " office devil." In his report of Legislative proceedings we notice Thomas Morris, senator from Clermont, from the Judiciary Committee, re ported a bill for the election of county recorders by the people, and from a select committee to whom was referred a bill to encourage the raising of sheep reported the same back with amendment. James Picken had a displayed advertisement of a very handsome assortment of goods and groceries, hardware, etc., in the old frame building on corner of Water and Main Streets in Batavia, now occupied by 20 Carter & Son for their tin- and stove-store. There also ap peared the advertisement of a very important branch of industry in those days, — carpet-weaving, — by a man who was afterwards sheriff of Clermont, and the father of three sons who have made most conspicuous and honorable marks in the county's history as journalists, — Michael Cowen. He respectfully informed the public that he had erected a loom at David Duckwall's, about one mile from Batavia, on the road leading therefrom to Milford, and was prepared to weave double and single coverlets in the best manner, and in the best, most elegant, and fashionable patterns. Mr. Morris held control of the paper until its publication ceased, some time in 1829, when, after a short interregnum, he became the editor of a new paper, which took its place as a more outspoken partisan sheet. He tried to conduct the Spirit free from party bias, although in the later issues there was a disposition to favor the cause of tho National Republicans. THE CHRONICLE OP THE TIMES. This paper originated in 1829 as a political rival of the Ohio Sun, whose history is given in subsequent pages, and resembled that sheet in form and general appearance. It absorbed whatever remaining interests there were of the Sjririt of the Times, and for most of the time David Morris was the editorial head. It was an outspoken National Re publican, and bore proudly aloft this bold motto, " We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created free and equal," which, though the life of the Declaration of Independence, was deemed an audacious sentiment by some, and made the Chronicle a marked political sheet. Its course was distinctly opposed to that pursued by the Sun, and as the one became the organ of the Whigs, the other was de cidedly Democratic. The Chronicle warmly espoused the principles advocated by the illustrious Henry Clay, and its columns teemed with devotion to the Sage of Ashland. Its issue of Dec. 31, 1831, contained the proceedings of the National Republican Convention of that month, held at Baltimore, at which Henry Clay was nominated for Presi dent, and John Sergeant for Vice-President. Tbe stock holders of the " Cincinnati, Columbus aud Wooster Turn pike Company" were agreeably notified to meet (those in Clermont) at Milford, at Dr. Hendrick's residence, and re ceive their quarterly dividend of twenty-four per cent, per annum, — and they all went, so tradition records. The " Batavia Colonization Society" (sacred relic of the past) was notified to meet on January 2d. Its columns disclosed the facts of the dissolution, on August 1st, of the firm of Farr & Hanley, at Goshen, and that Lemuel W. Slade was the fashionable tailor in Batavia. On Poplar Creek, in Tate township, Timothy Sprague advertised as having a mill for fulling, dyeing, and dressing cloth. The Chronicle of the Times was well edited, and pub lished most of the important news afloat, and was printed until the year 1835, when it ceased to chronicle the events of the times under that name, but was, after an interregnum of about a year, merged into a brand-new paper. The pub lication office was in part of the building now occupied by William Baum as a dwelling. About the first of the year the Chronicle ceased to exist for want of material support, 154 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. and for a year the Whigs were without an organ. But there was yet a little leaven left, and the following year was brought to light THE CLERMONT COURIER. The date of the first issue was March 19, 1836, and An drew M. Gest and R. W. Clarke were the founders, using the same type, press, and room which had formerly belonged to the Chronicle of the Times. The latter was the editor, and had acquired his knowledge of the art preservative in the Sun office, and Gest had been a former employee of Morris in the Chronicle office. Milton Jamieson was the printer's boy, and set up all the selected matter of the first issue, and afterwards carried around the paper in Batavia. He says he remembers very well how happy the old Whigs were when they received the first number, and how the old Democrats frowned upon it, for every voter in the place re ceived a copy. On the 24th of August, 1836, A. M. Gest took in as his partner Learner B. Leeds, and by them, jointly, the Courier was published until April 8, 1837, when R. W. Clarke ceased to edit the paper, and Messrs. Gest & Leeds became both editors and proprietors. This partnership closed abruptly about one month after it was formed, and then A. M. Gest became sole editor, publisher, and proprietor, and remained so until Jan. 30, 1846, when he sold a half- interest in the paper to Lorenzo Dow Morris. Then the Courier was edited and published under the firm-name of A. M. Gest & L. D. Morris, until Marcb 26, 1847, when Gest sold out his interest to L. D. Morris, who continued its publication as its editor and publisher until Aug. 27, 1847, when A. M. Gest bought out Morris, and again be came its owner, and took in R. W. Clarke as joint editor. L. D. Morris was of Welsh descent and was born in Wil liamsburgh, Clermont Co., in 1818, and was the son of David Morris, editor of the Western American, in Williams burgh, in 1814 and 1815, and afterwards of the Spirit of the Times, and then The Chronicle of the Times, in Batavia, in subsequent years. He was educated for a physician, but his constitution being too delicate for the labors of a regular practice, he abandoned the profession. He was married in 1843, and in 1848 moved to Iowa, and at Iowa City was fore man and assistant editor of the Republican- there published, and was afterwards editor of the Western American and Republican, two papers published at Keosauqua, in which city he died Nov. 9, 1861, — a bright ornament of the Masonic order and a beloved member of the Congregation- alist Church. In the summer of 1848, R. W. Clarke retired from the Courier, and A. M. Gest again became sole editor, and conducted the paper until his death, in the latter part of 1851. No man politically or personally was better known in Clermont from 1836 to 1851 than A. M. Gest, who for over fifteen years was connected with The Clermont Courier as editor, publisher, and printer. He edited and controlled it in the Van Buren campaign of 1836 ; the Harrison avalanche of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too," — hard cider log cabins, and coon-skins of 1840 ; the Clay canvass of 1844; the Presidential fight of 1848, when Gen. Zach. Taylor was elected ; the fight on the new constitution, in 1851 ; and while, like all strong partisan editors, he had political foes, his personal enemies were hardly to be found. He was a devoted Mason, and for many years Worshipful Master of Batavia Lodge, F. and A. M., No. 109, of which he was one of its first three to be initiated in the fall of 1837. In 1850 he was appointed by President Fillmore's administration to take the census of four townships in the county, and while so engaged Milton Jamieson edited the Courier. For a few months succeeding Mr. Gest's death the Courier was conducted by his administrator, until, in the early part of 1852, John R. S. Bond bought out the whole establish ment, and edited and printed this sheet until about Sept. 1, 1856, when he sold to John M. Kellum. Col. Bond was a genial gentleman, of warm impulses and great force of character, devoted in his friendships and as strong and bit ter in his enmities. He made a splendid paper, and had charge of it during the stirring days of " Anti-Kansas and Nebraska" memory, in the Know-Nothing era, and while he sat on its tripod arose the grand old Republican party, in 1854, which soon swept the country by storm, and has been in power ever since. Col. Bond is now dead, but he left a monument to his ability and memory in the few years' files of this paper, so ably and honorably conducted by him. John M. Kellum, a bright genius in editorial ability but lacking in newspaper business capacity, edited and published the Courier through the heated Fremont campaign of 1856 and up to Aug. 27, 1857, when he disposed of the paper to R. W. Clarke and M. Jamieson, and Mr. Clarke edited it until Aug. 19, 1858, when Mr. Jamieson became its sole editor and proprietor. About September, 1859, Mr. Jam ieson sold an interest in the Courier to Thomas D. Fitch, who had been for some time a compositor on its columns, but continued to edit the paper until January, 1860, when he disposed' of his entire interest to three brothers, Thomas D., Sidney A., and Charles T. Fitch, who all had worked before on the paper as printers. This closed the connection with the Courier of Milton Jamieson, who had helped print its first issue of March 19, 1836, who for some five years had been a journeyman compositor at its cases, and for three years its editor, publisher, and proprietor. He found an outlet and avenue for his unsurpassed executive ability (and which, in his editing and managing of that paper, had been characterized with rare success) in other channels, and soon became the best business man and most successful and largest capitalist in the county. The Fitch brothers came to Ohio from Southern Ken tucky, but were born in Danville, Caledonia Co., State of Vermont, near where the " great commoner," Thaddeus Stevens, was born, and of whom they were near relatives. They made a spicy paper, got all the news, and were equal to the times, which then called for bold, fearless men in the editorial chair and at the helm of the press, for the great gathering storm of the Rebellion was brewing, and the soundings of every man's loyalty and devotion to his flag, his country, and his hearthstone was fathomed as wit" a plummet. C. T. Fitch was a purser in the United States navy in the war, died at sea, and was buried off Key West. They managed the paper until July 19, 1862, and then sold it to Andrew B. Smith, who conducted it with such signal ability, and with the county printing for over twj years, as THE PRESS AND AUTHORS. 155 to make, in less than four years, more money out of it than any of his predecessors in double that period of time. He had it at a most opportune time, during the war times, when money was plenty, excitement high, and the circulation of the press — daily and weekly — ran up to enormous figures. After the close of the war, in the spring of 1865, Mr. Smith (since deceased) sold the paper to Charles N. and Frank Browning, two brothers born and reared in the old classic territory between the " Franklin neighborhood" and Boat Run, in Monroe township. Both these gentlemen had been liberally educated at Parker's Academy, were old school-teachers, and possessed high intellectual abilities and great social powers that made them able writers and editors and popular in the county. Under their administration the Courier achieved a proud name and position. Associated with the Messrs. Browning from the fall of 1865 for about a year was E. G. Orebaugh, at present of the Columbus Sunday News. In September, 1877, after an ownership of twelve years, Charles N. Browning, then the sole owner of the Courier, sold the paper to John R. Woodlief, and became a proprietor of the Clinton Republican, which he still owns and edits. His brother Frank died Aug. 10, 1878, having previously been one of the proprietors of the same paper. John R. Woodlief, a number one business man, a good writer, and a man of deserved popularity, who had been sheriff of the county in the years 1872 and 1873, and who was admitted to the bar in September, 1875, was proprietor of the Courier until April, 1879, when he sold out the en tire establishment to Charles W. Pegg, the present pro prietor, who is a Batavian born and bred, and who was sheriff in Nevada, for four years, of one of its largest mining and business counties. Mr. Pegg years ago was in the drug business here, and brings to the paper high personal character and plenty of means. The present editor of the Courier, and who for the past five years has had control of its columns, either as chief or local editor, publisher, or printer, is John H. Fairman. He was born in Medina, N. Y., March 8, 1839, and when fifteen years of age began to learn the printer's trade. Came to Ohio, served in the Rebellion in Co. F, 59th Ohio Regi ment Infantry (Judge Thomas M. Lewis' company), and from 1866 to 1870 was printer-in-chief to the adjutant- general of the United States army at Washington, D. C. Feb. 7, 1865, he was married to Miss Carrie, youngest daughter of the late John M. Brown, Batavia's famous merchant for over twenty-five years. In New York City he was connected with the Herald and the Tribune as re porter, compositor, and in various other capacities ; in New Orleans with the Picayune, in Indianapolis with the Journal, in Washington with the Globe, and on other metropolitan dailies. For fifteen years, at different periods, he has been on the Courier corps, and to-day is justly considered one of the best country local editors in the West, and as a para- graphist has few equals in Ohio. The Courier has but little official patronage, but, notwithstanding this fact, under Mr. Fairman's management the paper has achieved a stronger financial strength, and is now upon a better basis, than at any previous epoch in its long and eventful history. The Courier office was in the building now occupied by William Baum as a residence from 1836 to 1837, when it was removed to the room in the Dennison building now used as a law-office by Swing & Brunaugh. In 1839 it was again changed, and to the room now used, in same building, by W. W. Dennison and Judge T. M. Lewis as a law-office ; and in 1844 changed to the front room, now used by John W. Davis and W. F. Roudebush as a law-office, in the same building. In 1850 the office was removed to the second story of the frame building on corner of Main and Market Streets, now owned by Rachel Danberry; and in 1856 again removed to the Dennison building, over the present store of J. & M. Bicking; in 1857-to a building on the corner of the alley, on Main Street, just above the jail; and in 1864 to the Masonic building, and in the room now occupied by Dr. Bunn as a drug-store. In 1867 the office was removed to the Jamieson building, then completed, where ever since it has remained. For over a third of a century this newspaper has been in the county a courier to many a household, whose inmates anxiously awaited its weekly arrival and eagerly devoured its contents ; and in that time it was ever the vehicle of ad vanced thought in behalf of all great humanitarian senti ments and principles for the amelioration of mankind, whether in the cotton-fields and on the rice-plantations of the South, in the teeming factories of the North, in the shops and on the farms of its own county. Society in its best es tate, morality in its broadest views, and governmental ideas in their most republican significance, ever found in its liberal columns an exponent of the highest type. It has witnessed great changes since it was founded, in the heyday of Jack son's national administration. It saw the coming reign of Van Buren, his terrific overthrow by Harrison in 1840, the defeat of gallant Clay in 1844, the success of "Old Zack" jn 1848, the disaster to the Whigs in 1852, and the death of their party in 1853. But it then witnessed the origin, rise, and triumphant success of the new party, — one republican . in its true sense, — saw tbe election of Lincoln in 1860, and witnessed the crushing of the slave-holders' rebellion and the nation preserved intact. It saw its first editor, the sa gacious R. W. Clarke, Clermont's greatest political strategist, sent to Congress, and its ever-trusted friend, Philip B. Swing, made a United States judge, and its other and ever-faithful advisor and former editor, Milton Jamieson, rise to be the monetary leader of the county. And it witnessed the placing of a native Clermonter, Gen. Grant, eight years in the Presidential chair, by the votes of the party whose or gan through weal and woe it is, and expects to be, till it has outlived its usefulness. THE CLERMONT SUN, POUNDED AS THE OHIO SUN. On the first day of July, 1828, the first number of this paper was issued in the village of Bethel, and was thereafter published every Wednesday by Samuel Medary, although the enterprise was begun and for some time fostered by Thomas Morris. The paper was a folio of five columns to a page, which measured thirteen and a half by twenty one and a half inches, and up to that date was the largest paper ever printed in the county. This seemingly extraordinary size was looked upon by the wiseacres as a daring adventure, fraught with great risk and possible misfortune. But the 156 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. man who established the Sun understood the wants of the people from having mingled with them, and his paper was a success from the very beginning* Tbe paper, too, set out as the advocate of the rights of the people, and assumed for its motto this ringing sentiment, " Unawed by the in fluence of the rich, the great, or the noble, the people must be heard, and their rights protected." This sentiment evoked the patronage of hundreds of people, and the masses have ever since looked upon the paper as their friend. The subscription terms of the Sun were two dollars per annum if paid in advance, or three dollars at the end of the year, and all kinds of country produce, such as wheat, pork, whisky, linen, feathers, sugar, beeswax, flax, wool, rags, etc., were taken at market prices in payment, and for advertising and job-work. To secure a general circulation agents were appointed at different places, as follows : Bethel, Thomas J. Morris; Penn's Mills, Samuel J. Perin; Milford, Mathias Kugler & Son; New Eichmond, Col. Haines; Point Pleasant neighborhood, Thomas Lindsey; Chilo, John Everhart ; Felicity, Robert Chalfant ; Withamsville, Robert Fee; Ten-Mile, Chapman Archer; Point Pleasant, John Mollyneaux; Goshen, Dr. S. G. Meek; Moscow, W. K. Byrn and W. H. Abbott; Cincinnati, Stephen Burrows; Georgetown, Jesse R. Grant (father of Gen. U. S. Grant) ; and several for Warren, Brown, and Scioto Counties, and one in Illinois State. Mr. Medary was no printer at that time, but he edited the paper, helped the printer, and at tended to the delivery and mailing, and the affairs of the office generally. After a few months' issues, or at the farthest in the first part of the ensuing year, the office was removed to Batavia, where ever since it has remained, dif fusing light and information among the people. In the issue of June 24, 1829, the county commissioners advertised tho letting of the construction of the new Ba tavia bridge and the sale of the old one, to take place on the 23d of July, at which time also the public square in Williamsburgh, and tbe old county buildings thereon, were to be sold as the property of the county. This paper was Democratic in politics, and warmly supported General Jackson for President in 1828, and his administration through good and evil report. From its files we glean a rich account of the grand " Fourth of July Celebration" in 1829, at Robert Fee's, in Union township, where patriotic toasts were given by Joseph Stone (a soldier in the Revolution), Robert McFar land, Dr. Wm. Doane, Col. Wm. Curry, Alex. Herring, Jr., Peter Emery, Jonathan D. Morris, Dr. Wm. Wayland, James Abrams, Thomas Morris, John Joliffe, Thomas Kir gan, John 0. Comstock, Samuel Provost, Samuel Medary, Eben S. Ricker, Rufus Richardson, J. Lindsey, John Sum mers. William Tate, Samuel Shaw, and Wm. P. Richard son. Dr. Wayland presided, and Thomas Morris was the orator of the day, and five hundred persons partook of the dinner and firing of guns. * Samuel Medary was born in Pennsylvania, and came to Bethel May 1, 1S25, where he engaged in teaching school for the next three years. The knowledge Mr. Medary obtained in connection with the Sun was applied by him in founding the Statesman and Crisis, at Columbus, and secured his political preferment in after-years. He was Territorial Governor of Kansas and Minnesota. In the paper of Nov. 16, 1831, is an account of the arrival from Europe of the British ship " Arkwright," an nouncing the fall of Warsaw and defeat of the Poles, given in displayed head-lines. In 1833, the name was changed to Ohio Sun and Cler mont Advertiser, and as such continued some time. Mr. Medary, in his plain and resolute Saxon language, soon showed that editorial ability which was the precursor to his subsequent career as the great editor of the West in another and more extended field of journalism, and the leadin" political manager of Ohio. Mr. Medary having been elected State senator in 1835, sold, early in 1836, the paper to his brothers, Jacob and Asher C. Medary, who changed its name back to The Ohio Sun, and conducted its publication until the winter of 1837 and 1838, when they sold to James Ferguson, who had been elected county auditor in 1835, and defeated for re election in 1837. Mr. Ferguson (still living on his farm in Clay Co., Ind.) published the paper till 1839, but with out success financially, as the business part of the establish ment had run down. Mr. Ferguson, though an able writer and a well-informed and. most genial gentleman, lacked the special traits neces sary to the business part of publishing a successful paper, so he gave it up to a committee of Democrats, who made a joint-stock concern of the paper, with Col. William Thomas (sheriff from 1833 to 1837) as chairman, Robert Temple, and several other leading Democrats of the county. This committee secured the services (through the medium of the then congressman, Dr. William Doane, of Withamsville) of a Mr. Gobright, of Washington City, who edited the paper with marked ability until November, 1840, when he left, after having gone down to Union township and notified Mr. Robert Temple of his intention and delivered over to him tbe books, keys, etc. The result of the Presidential elec tion had frightened Mr. Gobright, but the committee were still more scared by finding that their investment was pecu niarily a sad failure, and its chairman, Col. Thomas, was out of pocket to the tune of four or five hundred dollars. Mr. Gobright remained in Washington, and was subse quently employed in tbe departments, and connected with various papers at the capital. He was the author of several statistical and historical books, and for a quarter of a century past (until the last few months) he has been the Washing ton Associated Press Dispatch general agent. In the latter part of November, 1840, Learner B. Leeds purchased of the stockholders and its committee this paper, and issued his first number on Dec. 7, 1840. He began with less than two hundred subscribers, showing how this sheet had run down, as its former conductors had so badly managed its affairs, often missing two or three weeks with out getting out a number, so that people had lost confidence in it. The county had given Gen. Harrison, for President, three hundred and forty-three majority (the only time, Presi- dentially, it was carried against the Democrats, save in 1864, when Lincoln beat Gen. McClellan by two votes), which, with its business embarrassments, required time and labor to overcome. Mr. Leeds made it a point never to miss the publication of the paper on time and never to miss a week, and by untiring labor and strict economy he finally estab- THE PRESS AND AUTHORS. 157 lished the Sun on a good basis, so that its subscription list ran up to a paying number. Mr. Leeds adopted this motto: "The sovereignty of the people, the rights of the States, and supremacy of the laws constitute the fundamental principles of a free government." The issue of July 10, 1841, con tained the " Fourth of July" address of William Howard, delivered at Withamsville, and announcements of Simpson Griffith and Edmund Spence for the Democratic nomina tion for recorder, and of William Stone and James Ward for that of sheriff. The paper under Mr. Leeds' management was a grand success, editorially and financially, and bis party had an in creased majority, and Polk and Dallas carried the county handsomely. In the spring of 1850 he sold the paper to James Evans, who was a son-in-law of the old surveyor, John Hill, who conducted the paper until the 12th day of August, 185.1, when he died. Mr. Leeds then again re sumed its control until Aug. 19, 1852, when J. P. Thomp son bought the establishment, and chose for his motto, " Be just and fear not. Let all the ends thou aimest at be thy country's, thy God's, and truth's ;" but before this Mr. Leeds, in 1844, had changed its name to The Clermont Sun, which it has borne to this hour. On Feb, 2, 1854, E. T. Norton purchased a half-inter est in the Sun, also doing editorial work, and continued on it till June 8th, when, having been chosen editor of the Daily Dispatch, of Portsmouth, he sold his interest to Will C. Walker. On June 24, 1854, Mr. Thompson died, in his twenty-ninth year of age, after an illness of short du ration and unexpectedly to the community. He was born in Indiana Co., Pa., in 1825, and at seventeen years of age took charge of a newspaper in his native State, and subse quently successfully conducted the management of several others, among which were the Perry Freeman, at New Bloomfield ; The Register, at Mifflintown ; the Age, at New Richmond, Ohio ; and the Clermont Sun. On Aug. 3, 1854, tbe one-half of the paper belonging to tbe estate of J. P. Thompson was sold to Andrew J. Sprague, a practical printer, who had learned the art under an apprenticeship to Learner B. Leeds, many years before, and who had worked a long time on this paper, as well as on the leading Cincinnati dailies. The following from the Cincinnati Daily Gazette, of July 30, 1850, shows that Mr. Sprague was the best and fastest printer at that time in America : "A TYPO AS IS ONE. "Mr. Andrew J. Sprague, one of the compositors engaged on the Daily Gazette, has, during the past seven consecutive working days, set up an aggregate of 90,750 ems, correcting his own proofs and dis tributing hisown matter. This is an average of 13,000 ems. per day. An old-fashioned day's work was 5000, and it is a good workman who now regularly sets 0000 or 7000 per day, and a quick one who aver ages 7000 to 8000. Mr. Sprague belongs to ' the fast line' most de cidedly, and can 'go through by daylight' any time." This was a handsome compliment to Mr. Sprague, and his big time at the case called forth all over the Union congratulations and encomiums from the leading journals and periodical press. On Feb. 8, 1855, Mr. Will C. Walker sold his half- interest to Smith Townsley, a good printer, and for several years (until the past few months) connected with the Jackson County (Ohio) Herald. Messrs. Sprague & Townsley were splendid printers, but had no taste for writing, and Mr. L. B. Leeds became the editor for them, and, in fact, in the year before had done most of the edi torial work on this paper. On the 24th of January, 1856, Mr. Leeds bought out Mr. Townsley's one-half interest, and the firm was Sprague & Leeds, and so continued until November 20th (after Bu chanan's election as President), when Mr. Leeds bought out his partner, Mr. Sprague, who went into tbe drug business, and in which he has ever since continued. Mr. Sprague now bade farewell to the printing craft, and in his new pursuits and avocations has become one of Batavia's solid men, and one of its most public-spirited citizens. Mr. Leeds had the paper through all the exciting campaign from the Kansas-Nebraska trouble, and through the stirring events of the first three years of the civil war, including the famous and never-to-be-forgotten Vallandigham cam paign. In 1860, W. R. Hartman had a one-half interest in the Sun, as editor and publisher. Henry V. Kerr (tbe present State librarian) became the owner of the Sun in 1864, and Mr. Leeds retired to other fields of labor. He was so long identified with journalism in the county that a short sketch of this Nestor of the press will be read with general interest. Learner B. Leeds was born in Clermont, of pioneer parents, July 16, 1816, and followed tbe occupation of a farmer till his nineteenth year, when (in October, 1835) he was apprenticed to the printing business, under the late Governor Samuel Medary, of The Ohio Sun, at' Batavia. After serving out his apprenticeship with Samuel Medary and his successors, his brothers Jacob and Asher C, be went to Cincinnati in the fall of 1838, and worked until the ensuing spring on The Cincinnati Gazette, under the dis tinguished Charles Hammond (now deceased), its editor. In the spring of 1839 he went with Amos Dei-rough into a new printing-office at Georgetown, Brown Co., Ohio, which Mr. Derrough had established and called the Democratic- Standard, and of which he was foreman for a few weeks, when he bought out the paper. He conducted this sheet as editor, publisher, and printer for nearly ten months, then sold out, returned to Cincinnati, and worked till late in the fall of 1840 on The Philanthropist, an able anti-slavery paper, edited at that time by the world-renowned Gamaliel Bailey. In November, 1840, he bought the Ohio Sun, at Batavia, which he conducted as publisher and editor from Dec. 7, 1840, to the last week of March, 1864, with the exception of less than three years during the time. He was elected recorder of Clermont County in 1847, and re elected in 1850, and served three years. In 1844 he united with the Masonic Order, at Batavia, was six years Worship ful Master of its lodge, and one year Most Excellent High Priest of the chapter. In 1854 he joined the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows, and in 1868 became a Royal and Select Master in the council. In these two orders lie was always a zealous and an active member. In the spring of 1864 he purchased the Southern Ohio Argus, the Demo cratic organ at Georgetown, Ohio, of the Brown County Democracy, and changed its name to that of The Brown County News, which he to this day publishes. It is a large 158 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. four-page paper of thirty-six columns, printed on a steam cylinder press ; and in print and size of sheet, in able and manly editorials, and in extensive circulation and influence, is unsurpassed by any country paper in Ohio. In 1869, Mr. Leeds was elected State senator for the Clermont and Brown senatorial district (the fourth), and re elected in 1871, and served four years as a faithful, able, and industrious member of the Senate, commanding the complete confidence of his friends and the respect and esteem of his political adversaries. On one occasion, while publishing the Sun, the mail-stage, which was then the only public convey ance between Batavia and Cincinnati, owing to bad roads and high water, failed to bring Mr. Leeds' paper for that week's issue. No alternative was left him but to either miss his issue or to go after paper ; and, determined not to disappoint his subscribers, he procured a horse, saddle, and bridle, and started for Cincinnati about four o'clock p.m., and reached that city late at night. Next morning he secured his bun dle of blank paper, took it on his horse, holding it before him, and rode back with it, and issued his paper on time. To carry a bundle of paper weighing nearly a hundred pounds on horseback for twenty-one miles was no easy task, but he had never yet disappointed his subscribers, and the Sun had to shine, whether Or no, as far as horseflesh was concerned. At another time Mr. Leeds went to Cincinnati after paper, and during the night the Ohio River had risen very fast, and the back-water was over tho levee west of the old Union Bridge across the Little Miami. He was in a light spring-wagon and alone, and concluded that he could cross the water on the levee, and so made the venture. He soon found the water was becoming deep, but there was nothing for him to do but " go forward," for to attempt to turn back was impossible. Large fields of ice were afloat on tbe water, and his horse was often in water up to his back, and he knew not bow soon he and wagon and all would float off the levee, and, of course, all go down together. Twice he was compelled to stop for a time till the ice would float past and off the road, which he could not distinguish from the muddy condition of the water, so that he had to drive very carefully and steadily. Once the body of the wagon was afloat, and every instant he expected to be swept away ; but he finally succeeded in reaching the time-honored old bridge, and arrived home all safe, and got out that number of his paper on time. Such were some of the hardships and perils he was compelled to encounter in order to con duct his business continuously, and that no disappointments should befall his patrons. Mr. Leeds during the first ten years of his editorial life never wrote his editorials, but set them up at the case, composing them as he set the type ; and for many years he set up most of the Sun with his own hands, worked the press, did up all the papers in packages for the mails ; in other words, he did most of the work on the paper from necessity, — the income of the office not jus tifying the hiring of a single journeyman, — keeping only one or two boys for assistance. Such was the work on the Sun from 1840 to 1850, and present publishers know but little of the labors and difficulties which befel the early ones even as late as the year 1850, since which time improved ma chinery and various inventions have greatly systematized printing and lessened its multiform trials and labors. H. V. Kerr (see his life as State librarian elsewhere in this book) brought to the paper great energy, tact, and editorial ability, and being one of the keenest politicians of the county conducted his business with astonishing adroit ness, and imparted to this long-established paper a highly literary character and tone. He sold the paper, April 1, 1872, to Allen T. and Dale 0. Cowen (brothers) ', who con ducted it under the firm-name of D. 0. Cowen & Co. Allen T. Cowen (now the learned, dignified, ana popular judge of the Clermont Common Pleas Court) was born in Batavia, in the house now occupied by D. G. Dustin, and married, in, 1861, Miss Kate Brown, a daughter of Mr. Carson Brown, of Hamilton County, and on her maternal side descended from the Stites, the first pioneers of Co lumbia. Dale 0. Cowen was bora in June, 1845, in the jail- building which his father then occupied as sheriff, and was married Feb. 11, 1873, to Miss Mary C. Dustin, daughter of the late Col. J. S. Dustin, an old Batavia merchant. They were sons of Michael Cowen, who was born in Bed ford County, Pa., in 1804, and came to Ohio about 1827, and married Miss Mary Ann Roudebush on August 11, 1831. In 1841 and 1843 he was elected sheriff, and served four years. . He was a high-toned gentleman, of an iron will, and true to every trust committed to his care, and died Sept. 16, 1854, at Milford, universally mourned. In 1875, Allen T. Cowen sold out his interest iu the Sun to his brother (the youngest), Willis M. Cowen, who was a practical printer, and thoroughly understood the busi ness, and the name of the firm remained unchanged, and is to-day D. 0. Cowen & Co., who are the editors and pub lishers of the Clermont Sun. On the 3d of January, 1877, Willis M. Cowen was married to Kate D. Kerr, daughter of the former proprietor. When the Cowen brothers took the Sun it had only seven hundred subscribers, and now it has over fourteen hundred. They have erected on Market Street a fine brick building, on the very site where stood the old frame church where Henry Ward Beecher preached his first sermon when he came out to Batavia one Sunday, from the Lane Divinity School near Cincinnati, to make his first attempt in ex pounding the word of God. The Sun printing-office, in its appointments and equipments of one steam-power cylinder press, two steam jobbers, and proof press, with its complete outfit of new type, and all the appurtenances necessary to a first-class establishment, is unsurpassed, and hardly equaled by any other country office in the State, and it is gratifying to record that the labors and enterprise of the firm have been generously appreciated by the people of the county. THE NEW RICHMOND PRESS. The first periodical was issued in the days when New Richmond was the county-seat, and was called The Lumin ary. The publishers were four brothers, A., C, J-, and W. Herron, and the printing-office was in the upper rooms of the Seneca Palmer fulling-mill, which stood where is now Willenbrink's feed-store. The paper was a small folio, the sheet being eighteen by twenty-four inches, and its first issue bore date July 3, 1823. It appeared every Wednes day for about a year at the subscription-price of two dollars THE PRESS AND AUTHORS. 159 per annum, if paid in advance (and payments before the fifth number were announced as being in advance). As a further inducement to subscribe, the publishers offered to deliver the paper free of extra cost by private mail when a sufficient number of subscribers resided at one place. If paid at the end of the year the cost of this paper was three dollars. The publishers set out with very exalted ideas, having for their mottoes these fine sentiments : " Truth our guide, and naught but the public good our aim ;" and, " Enlightened minds and virtuous manners lead to the gates of glory." Of the editors little is known, save that Joseph Herron was one of the early teachers of New Richmond, and after the removal of the county-seat to Batavia the paper soon died for want of patronage. THE PHILANTHROPIST. In 1834, James G. Birney, the celebrated champion of human liberty and equal rights, began the publication of » The Philanthropist, at New Richmond, in a building which stands on Walnut and Willow Streets, and continued issu ing the pa"per there several years. Mr. Birney came to New Richmond with his paper, a large and well-printed four-page sheet, upon the assurance of the Donaldson broth ers and other well-known anti-slavery men that he could there pursue his work unmolested. Although the senti ments of New Richmond frowned down any attempt to disturb Mr. Birney in his avocation, yet danger from mobs was several times apprehended. Lawless men from Ken tucky and other places threatened to sack the office, and the abolitionists and personal friends of the editor of The Philanthropist rallied to defend the paper. At the signal of danger a meeting was held in the old market-house of that village, which was addressed by Caleb S. Walker and other friends of freedom, and the most emphatic assurance given Mr. Birney that they would stand by him, though it should require the sacrifice of life and property. On one occasion the villagers were violently alarmed by the report that a boat had been chartered at Cincinnati to bring up a party of pro-slavery men whose avowed purpose was to de stroy The. Philanthropist. Again the people of New Rich mond assembled to take measures to sustain Mr. Birney, and some counseled a resort to extreme measures should the destroyers come. Happily, better counsels prevailed, and the boat did not leave Cincinnati ; but all that night the friends of a free press patroled the town in front of The Philanthropist office to protect it from possible assault. Some time in the spring of 1836 Mr. Birney moved his office to Cincinnati, and on the night of July 30th it was destroyed by a lawless and infuriated mob, who scattered the type into the streets, tore down the presses, and completely destroyed the office. Afterwards the friends and supporters of this famous abolition paper subscribed and purchased a new outfit for Mr. Birney, and he resumed its publication, and in 1844 was the " Liberty party's" candidate for Presi dent, with Thomas Morris, of Bethel, for Vice-President. Mr. Birney often, in subsequent years, spoke in the highest terms of the good people of -New Richmond and of Clermont, who so boldly in muscle and finances stood by him in the trying hours of the publication of his paper, devoted to the abolition of negro slavery and to the equal rights of all men. The third attempt at journalism at New Richmond was made in 1851 by J. P. Thompson, as editor and publisher of The New Richmond Age, the real proprietor being Hon. Michael H. Davis, two years later the able and popular State senator from the Clermont-Brown district. This paper had four pages of five wide columns each, and was edited with considerable ability. It was devoted to the interests ,of the Democratic party, though not an official organ. The office of publication was in Sturges' building, and for a short time Hugh Herrick was its editorial head. This paper continued until Aug. 19, 1852, when J. P. Thompson bought the Clermont Courier and united the New Richmond Age with it, and the latter ceased to exist as a separate sheet, but upon its discontinuance the press was employed on job-work. In 1854, Frank B. Strickland began the publication of The New Richmond Advertiser, an eight-page monthly, " Independent on all subjects, neutral in nothing." This paper being not well sustained its size was reduced, and in the following year was issued by Mr. Strickland as The Morning Welcome, but in one year its visits ceased to be welcomed at the houses of its old patrons, and it was among the relics of the past. In 1856, Joseph Kerr & Co., booksellers, purchased the Welcome office, and, with Mr. Strickland as editor, issued the New Richmond Weekly Dispatch, a. paper of respect able proportions and bearing a neat typographical appear ance. It was independent in politics, and its printing-office was opposite White's wharf, in the third story of McMur- chy's building. After some two years the Dispatch was discontinued, and for a number of years New Richmond was without its local paper. In the fall of 1866, W. G. Barkiey bought a job-press, which he set up in New Richmond, and soon after began the publication of The New Richmond Telegraph. The paper started out with a subscription list of more than five hundred names, but was not a successful venture, and at the end of a year the enterprise was abandoned. Mr. Barkiey was the grandson of William Barkiey, who settled . in Washington township in 1795. He was born in 1838, and had only a common-school education, but by diligent study was able to occupy positions wherever intelligence was required. In 1868 the Browning Brothers, editors and publishers of tho Clermont Courier, established a job-office at New Richmond, in charge of D. S. Croshaw, and issued The Advertiser, a four-page monthly for gratuitous circulation. The liberal patronage given this sheet induced Mr. Croshaw to begin the publication of THE NEW RICHMOND INDEPENDENT, a sprightly journal, which is continued to this day. The first issue appeared April 8, 1869, and after being success fully conducted for about five years by D. S. Croshaw, the Independent became the property of the present editor and proprietor, Winthrop Frazer, the son of the well-known Dr. Frazer, of Tate township. The paper is ably edited, making a specialty of local news, which is characterized for its freshness and correctness, and items pertaining to the townships along the Ohio River are faithfully noted. 160 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. In this section of the county the Independent has a large aud constantly increasing circulation. The paper is printed every Saturday, in a well-appointed office in McMurcby's Arcade Building, and presents a very attractive appearance. The office is supplied with a steam-power press for job- work, and is the only one in the county containing a full assortment of German type. THE EXCELSIOR. This was the name of a paper published at Bantam, in 1858, by Dr. John M. Kellum, as editor and publisher, and was conducted in the interest of the new project that year, which contemplated removing the county-seat from Batavia to Bantam, then alleged to be the grand geo graphical centre of Clermont. Dr. Kellum was a bright genius, — a poet of State celebrity,- — whose contributions to the city and periodical press had given him much reputa tion in literary circles. A short time previous he had been the editor of the Clermont Courier, and his journalistic ability was unquestioned ; but the Excelsior proved a failure, for lack of the necessary material support, and the seat of justice was allowed to remain undisturbed where it yet is, in the sequestered East Fork Valley, at Batavia. THE ADVANCE. In April, 1874, The Advance, a small but spicy inde pendent paper, was started in Batavia, by Shepherd G. Nor ris as publisher and proprietor, and Daniel Hillin as editor. In April, 1875, its name was changed to The Patrons' Ad vance, and, greatly enlarged in size, it became the official organ of the " Patrons of Husbandry," otherwise generally known as " Grangers." From 1873 to 1875 a very large number of granges were established in Clermont, and through the Patrons' Advance their proceedings found a public outlet, and it was a medium for the dissemination of the then current aran^e literature. The paper reported the lodge meetings, their doings, and the proceedings of the county grange, and de voted large space to agriculture, horticulture, and other subjects of general interest to grangers, and their principles, as inculcated in their rituals and constitutions of the thirty- odd subordinate granges of the county. In October, 1876, Mr. Norris sold the paper to James Robinson, the present owner and publisher, who in the summer of 1878 changed its name to The National Advance, and took in as editor N. B. Ross. The paper now became the official organ of the " National Greenback party," but continued to devote space and attention to the interests of the Patrons of Hus bandry. In February, 1880, N. B. Ross retired from the paper, and on the eighteenth of that month Mr. Robinson who now became the editor, as well as publisher, changed the name to its original title, — The Advance, — and as such it is yet ably conducted by him. The Advance has taken a decided position on questions of reform and retrenchment, as affecting the interests of the county, and although the youngest newspaper in the county, it has carved out for itself an enviable place in the affections of many good citizens, who contribute to its pages or give it their patronage. AUTHORS OP CLERMONT. Rev. Benjamin Franklin Morris, third son of Hon. Thomas Morris, United States senator of Ohio from 1833 to 1839, was a distinguished minister of the gospel of the New-School Presbyterian Church for over twenty-five years. He was born in Bethel, this county, and, after the election of President Lincoln and his inauguration, was appointed to an honorable and lucrative position in one of tho depart ments at Washington. Eminent as a preacher and of fine literary tastes and capacities, he published and edited in 1856 the life of his honored father, Thomas Morris. This book is an elegant volume of four hundred and eight pages, printed by Moore, Wilstach, Keys & Overend, of Cincinnati, and was written with rare ability and singular good tact. It had an enormous sale, especially in Ohio, the scene for half a century of the labors of Senator Morris as a powerful advocate, honest legislator, and the incorruptible senator in Congress, and there the first on the floor of the American Senate to defy the arrogant slave dynasty. This . life was a rich contribution to the historical literature of the State in its sketches of early pioneer scenes and" legislative enactments and reminiscences, and was most favorably criti cised by the press of the day. Published after the repeal of the Missouri Compromise and during the exciting polit ical campaign of 1856, it was also used in the canvass, and served to repel the haughty encroachments of the insolent slave oligarchy, then plotting for the direful rebellion that soon broke out in open revolt. This book established for its author, Rev. Benjamin F. Morris, a high niche in the grand literary temple of American fame, and conferred honor without stint upon the noble county that had given him birth and that bad been the home of his illustrious father. This work, so dear to the lovers of liberty, was written in plain English idiom, but its every page teems with rare elo quence and periods classically rounded in its descriptions of its grand old hero's life and labors. Near Bethel was born that most distinguished American divine, Prof. David Swing, D.D., and this bright orna ment to modern literature and theology came of a family most early, honorably, and piously connected with Cler mont's pioneer and subsequent history. Whether viewed as a professor in a theological institute or literary university, as a preacher in the pulpit or religious editor in the sanc tum, as a public lecturer on the rostrum or author in his study, our country will be searched in vain to find a speaker more eloquent, a writer more finished or classical, or a teacher firmer and more steadfast in his devotion to truth as revealed to him in Nature and the Holy Writ. No man draws larger audiences before the literary, library, and mer cantile associations than Prof. Swing, the idol of the literary men of the West, and the pride of his adopted city of Chicago. His voluminous contributions to the secular, literary, and religious press, periodicals and reviews, have made his name a house-word in our land, and given him an enviable reputation among the literati of the Old World. The published volumes of his great sermons have electrified the country, and while many may doubt his orthodoxy.or disagree with his broad and liberal religious views, all admire his fraukness and candor, and bow to Ins talents and genius, undeniably so great and majestic. His THE PRESS AND AUTHORS. 161 masterpiece of classical writing was his book of " Truths for To-Day," which put the cap sheaf on his reputation as an author, and made him known wherever the English language is spoken. Thomas Buchanan Read, the great poet and artist, whose additions to American fame in poetry and art have given him a proud station in the galaxy of our Union's literary ornaments, was for years a resident of Clermont, on whose soil many of his happiest efforts were composed, and which have given him most illustrious renown. Rev. Randolph Swing Foster, D.D., one of the bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was born in Clermont, at Williamsburgh, on Feb. 22, 1820. He was considered as rather a backward boy, and in his youth gave no manifestations of that wonderful power which character izes him as an eloquent preacher or eminent author. He pursued his studies at Augusta College, Kentucky, and shortly after he was seventeen years of age entered the ministry. He was soon placed in important stations in the Ohio Conference. When in charge of Wesley Chapel, Cincinnati, he replied through the Western Christian Ad vocate to attacks made by the Rev. Dr. Rice, the distin guished divine of the Presbyterian Church, and his letters were published in book-form in 1849, with the title of " Objections to Calvinism." This book gave him a great name in the East, and the next year he was transferred to New York, and stationed in Mulberry Street Church, and while there he published a volume on " Christian Purity," which book added largely to the laurels before won by him in religious literature. In 1856 he was elected president of the Northwestern University, and after occupying that position for several years, returned to the pastorate, filling appointments in New York City and vicinity. In 1858 he was chosen as professor in the Drew Theological Semin ary, and on the death'of the lamented Rev. Dr. McClintock he succeeded to the presidency. He was a member of the General Conferences of 1864, 1868, and 1872. In 1868 he was selected with Bishop Ames to visit the Conferences of Ireland and England, and in 1872 he was elected one of the bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Since his election, in addition to other work and various literary labors, he has visited the Conferences and missions in Europe, and also the missions in South America. His present residence is in Boston, where this great divine and gifted author ranks second to none in that most distinguished centre of culture on the continent. This son of Clermont sprang from a lineage — Foster-Swing — ever inclined to religious tendencies and scholastic teachings, but little did the good people of Williamsburgh think half a century ago that the little diffident boy of ten years old that lived in that vicinity, and who showed no signs of unusual men tal powers, would in after-years astonish the land with his remarkable gifts as preacher, author, and bishop. Charles Robb was one of the brightest minds ever born and reared in the county, and for many years the press of the country was enriched by his political contri butions. His many and magnificent creations were never collected and published in book-form, but of his poems of rarest excellence we publish below one that cannot and will not die. It was written for the Ohio Valley Farmer. 21 THE MARCH OF MIND. Wo come, a race of noble blood, Whoso record dates beyond the flood, And proudly tread the rich green sod — Our titles sprung from nature's God. We come, a band of noble lords, With plowshares bright for gleaming swards, With stately step and cheering words, For thus alone come nature's lords. Our court we hold 'neath the sylvan dome, Where lovely Ceres makes her home, — Where famine gaunt and sooty gnome, Pale Want and Sorrow, never come. Our march is onward o'er the land, Like some enchanting signet wand ! Rich beauties spring on every hand, — The world is growing, doubling grand. The mighty ocean curbed and reined, Gigantic rivers spanned and chained, And harnessed down the lightning's power To bear the tidings of the hour. With " Progress" on our banner high, Our watchword peals along the sky ; " Humanity'' our battle cry, Minds, peerless monarchs, never die ! And when we hold the plow no more, Nor gather home the golden store, In joy we'll tread the golden sand On the goodly shores of the better land. Rev. Stephen M. Merrill, D.D., one of the bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was born at Mount Pleasant, Jefferson Co., Ohio, Sept. 16, 1825. His pa rents subsequently removed to Clermont County, where he passed most of his young boyhood days, and later to Green field, Highland Co., where he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church, Oct. 31, 1842, He was licensed to preach April 5, 1845, and admitted in 1846 into full connection with the Ohio Conference, and appointed to Monroe. To an elementary training he added, by careful study, a knowledge of a wide circuit of literature, and was honored with the degree of A.M. in 1864, from Indiana Asbury University. He was presiding elder on Marietta District when, in 1868, he was elected as a delegate to the General Conference. He took an active part in the debates of that body, and during the session was elected editor of The Western Christian Advocate. Having served four years in that office, he was in 1872 elected bishop. In the discharge of the duties of his office he has traveled extensively over the United States and has visited Mexico. He is the author of a work on " Christian Baptism," a book of standard authority in his church, and which gave him celebrity as a choice English writer. He formerly resided in St. Paul, Minn., but now at Chicago. His early resi dence in Clermont entitles him to a place in its history. One of the sweetest of Clermont's female poets was Miss Mary E. Fee, born and reared in the county, and of a family well known in Southern Ohio. Her poems were contrib uted to the county press and to Cincinnati papers — En quirer and Gazette — -under the sobriquet of " Eulalie." In 1854 most of them were published in a volume of one hundred and ninety-four pages by Moore, Wilstach & Keys, of Cincinnati, under the title of " Buds, Blossoms, aud 162 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Leaves." In the preface to the book she said : " In the long, still hours of solitude and loneliness my pen-taught lyre has breathed the strains I've gathered here. Hastily, and without arrangement, they were written, and thus are they bound together in this little volume ; and like a tiny bark, freighted with human hopes and human fears, it is cast upon the uncertain tide of literature, to sink or swim, survive or perish, as friends do most applaud or critics most condemn." It swam and survived, and genius triumphed. Jan. 31, 1854, she was married to John Shannon, of New Richmond, and with her devoted husband sought a home in California, where, as " Eulalie," she lectured and recited her poems, drawing the largest and best-paying houses the Golden State ever accorded to any person. She did not live long to enjoy her brilliant triumphs, and after her ^lamented death her husband fell in a duel. Among her choicest writings were the poems " Lines to Judge Burnett" (her early benefactor), " The Desert Burial," " The Gold Comet," " The Old Cedar-Tree, " The Bough that will not Bend must Break," and " The Magyar Chief," a song expressly written for and sung at a grand concert given for the benefit of Kossuth at Cincinnati. Of Abbie C. McKeever, the gifted young poetess of Williamsburgh, an extended sketch appears in the history of that township. Another author born and reared in Clermont, in Monroe township, in the old " Franklin neighborhood," so prolific in giving birth to famous men and women, is Mrs. Drl George Conner, of Cincinnati, formerly Miss Eliza Arch- ard, and the well-known " E. A." of the Cincinnati Commer cial, on which paper for some ten years she has been one of its most sparkling writers, correspondents, and reporters. She married Dr. Conner, Jan. 1, 1869, and has since made Cin cinnati her home and literature her profession. Born a genius, endowed with a fine classical education, of great native wit and force and strength of character, — seldom found in the supposed weaker sex, — her contributions to the editorial columns of the Commercial, and her rich, racy, and piquant letters from Washington to that great daily, have given to her only a celebrity her brilliancy and solidity as a writer justly demanded. Milton Jamieson, now president of the Batavia First National Bank, was a second lieutenant in Company C of the 2d Regiment of Ohio Volunteers in the Mexican war, and after his return published a book entitled " Journal and Notes of a Campaign in Mexico," containing an account and full history of Company C, 2d Regiment Ohio Volun teers, with a cursory description of the country, climate, cities, waters, roads, and forts along the southern line of the American army iu Mexico. It was printed in June, 1849, by the Ben Franklin Printing House of Cincinnati, and was an elegantly-written work of one hundred and five pa«-es, and gives a better narrative of army life in the Mexican war and of the internal affairs of that distracted country, than can be found in larger works of more imposing title. While Lieut. Jamieson in his most interesting history made no at tempt at rhetorical display, or fine writing of classically- wrought periods, he gave a most concise and entertaining description of the formation of the ^company ; its first goin°- iuto camp at Ciucinuati ; its trip to New Orleans ; the saib ing over the Gulf to Vera Cruz, and the exciting and fatiguinu march to Puebla. His book is particularly happy in its narrations of Mexican agricultural life and the indolent and shiftless character of its people, and his descriptions of the scenery and old church monasteries are graphic and beautiful. Brilliant delineations of the Catholic cathedrals and ancient pyramids, whose history has never been fathomed, add much to the reader, who gets interested as if personally inspecting these relics of dark ages. The movements of the armies; comparisons between the per sonnel of the American and Mexican ; personal sketches of brave American officers and Ohio's grand part in that mem orable campaign, all increase the interest of its reader as he peruses its choicely-written pages. "BLOSS OF THE ENQUIRER." George Manor Davis Bloss, born May 2, 1827, at Derby, Vt., was killed May 28, 1876, near his residence at Branch Hill, in this county, by being run over by the cars on the Little Miami Rulroad, — a sad accident, that lost to the country the great editor of the Cincinnati Enquirer, and one of the ablest historical and political writers in America. Mr. Bloss came to Cincinnati about 1850, read law, and was admitted to the bar, but soon took a position on the Enquirer, on which great newspaper he remained a quarter of a cen tury. In 1868 he wrote an elegant volume on "The Life of George H. Pendleton," and in 1875 published a splendid book of four hundred and sixty-eight pages, entitled " His toric and Literary Miscellany," comprising many of his grandest and most beautiful editorials, lectures, and writings on varied literary, political, historical, and religious subjects. It was printed by Robert Clarke & Co., of Cincinnati, and had a very large sale. Mr. Bloss, besides his magnificent edi torial ability and literary culture, was distinguished by his peculiar chirography, much harder to 'decipher than Horace Greeley's, and only one compositor on the Enquirer force was able to read it, and he was kept for that sole purpose. Mr. Bloss was of a most lovable disposition, of warm im pulses, and the best known and one of the ablest editors in the United States. He left a wife and several children, — the former a granddaughter of the noted Rev. Francis McCor mick, a pioneer local Methodist preacher in Clermont from 1797 to 1810. Several other of Cincinnati's pioneer newspaper men hove originated from Clermont or made this county their home. To the latter class belongs Maj. A. J. Avey, of Fountain Farm, in Washington township. He is one of the oldest living reporters of the Commercial, and was with it when L. G. Curtiss was the editor. He belonged to the Fifteenth Regiment of Regulars in the Mexican war, and rendered conspicuous service in the late war for national supremacy. He has had a general connection with the press of the West as a correspondent, and at present writes for the United States Pension Record of Washington. THE BACKWOODS POET. In another part of this book allusion is made to a mis cellany which it was purposed to issue to contain the poet ical effusions of the " Backwoodsman," who resided at var ious times at Bethel, Williamsburgh, and Georgetown, prhw'' EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS. 163 pally in the latter place. William Ormskirk Boulware was a- rare, and at the same time singular genius. Without being thoroughly educated he possessed tbe elements of a common-school education, and was himself a pioneer teacher ; yet he was richly endowed with a love for nature and its attendant elements, and was the author of several meritorious poems. Had he lived in a more cultured age and his talents been properly developed, he would have se cured a place for himself among the bards of tho West. The verses which follow below were written by the " Back woodsman" a shorj; time after the incarceration of John Rowe* in the jail at Williamsburgh, for the murder of his own niece, Polly Maloney, after ho had grossly outraged her person, and are, therefore, invested with local interest : " On a calm night, when men to rest repair, And owls and bats skim through the midnight air, When wolves and panthers around the sheepfold come, And droning beetles sing with drowsy hum, " Of reading tired, I laid aside my book, And straight my muse a rambling journey took ; It paid a visit to those drear and gloomy cells Where keen despair and late repentance dwells. " I saw where Rowe confined in irons lay, To all the torments of his guilt a prey. Like Cain, accursed for the blood he drew, And all the horrors of that murderer knew. " I saw sweet sleep refuse her friendly aid, And peace of conscience from his bosom fled; Tortured by guilt, alarmed by slavish fears, His fancy aids him and he thinks he hears " Polly Maloney, as to him she cried, And all the groans she uttered when she died. The bursting walls his fancy sees disclosed, And to his view her bleeding corpse exposed. " Lost were the smiles that once adorned her face, And deathly symptoms brooded in their place; An awful silence did the cell pervade, And add new horrors to the gloomy shade. "No chirping insect did the silence break, While to his soul he heard the phantom speak, With groans deep sounding from her tortured breast, These words of terror she to him addresst : " ' Wretches like thee no spark of pity know ; See my closed eyes ; behold, my wounds still flow. Thy murdering hand has stopped my vital breath ; Thy hand consigned me to the shades of death. " ' With Tarquin's lust, with heart like Nero's hard, Thou ravished that whioh duty bid thee guard; To hide thy crime and to conceal thy guilt, Hell pushed thee onward, and my blood thou spilt. " ' Indian nor brute governed thy savage breast; The devil alone thy cruel heart possessed. From thee he banished every thought that's good, And raised thy lust to quench it in my blood. " 'No heart but melted my sad fate to hear; No stranger's eye refused to drop a tear ; All human nature shuddered at the deed Except thyself, who surely had most need. " ' My blood for vengeance cries aloud to God, Who bids eternal justice lift the rod. Think not by fleeing to escape thy due, Avenging justice shall thy steps pursue. * See account of the old jail in chapter on County Buildings. " ' Earth shall not cover, darkness shall not hide, The blood with which thy guilty hands are dyed ; My injured ghost shall still be in thy sight, And haunt thy slumbers in the shades of night. " ' Friends thou hast none, acquaintances thou must shun, Until on earth thy sinful race be run. Haunted and hated, to new crimes you'll fly, And doomed at last upon the gallows die, " ' A poor, despised, unpitied wretch forlorn ; And men shall curse thee that are yet unborn. May God Almighty help thee to repent, For He alone can endless woe prevent.' " These awful words now shook Rowe's trembling soul, And a cold sweat in massy drops did roll. He smote his breast and uttered many a groan ; But only grace can break a heart of stone." The " Backwoodsman" wrote many fugitive pieces, some of them being of rare merit; and the one portraying the loss of Lydia Osborne was extremely pathetic. Some of the pioneers well recollect its being sung on certain occasions, so that all who heard it were affected to tears. He was the personal friend of Jesse R. Grant (himself a poetaster of more than common repute), and usually carried on his cor respondence with him in rhymes. THE POETICAL UNION OF CLERMONT AND BROWN. This was an association of poets, authors, and individuals of literary tastes, organized at Bethel, Feb. 4, 1859, and which held its meetings every three months at different points, — Georgetown, Chilo, Parker's Academy, and else where. Its last president was Dr. Thomas W. Gordon, of Georgetown, and its secretary Charles Robb, of Monroe township. It ceased to exist after the death of J. Hunt, Jr., which occurred iu January, 1860, and who was its brightest participant, and a poet whose brilliant effusions, published in the New York and Philadelphia periodicals, attracted most general attention and evoked for their brilliant author a marked literary celebrity in the Eastern States. At its meetings poems were read, lectures delivered on his torical aud literary topics, and general discussions had on various subjects relative to ancient and modern literature, and often spicy comparisons were made between the British classics and those of the Grecian and Roman period. The death of the genial Hunt and the war that soon ensued prevented the association from taking the rank its merits demanded. CHAPTER XVIII. EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS. Few of the early settlers of Clermont enjoyed any ad vantages of education other than a few months' attendance at an occasional "pay school," or the instructions at their own blazing hearth-fire by the parents or older inmates of the family. ' But these advantages had been so -well im proved that nearly all of them were able to read and write a legible hand, and had acquired sufficient knowledge of arithmetic for the transaction of ordinary business. They were, in general, men of strong and penetrating minds, and 164 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. clearly perceiving the numerous benefits which education confers, they early directed their attention to the establish ment of schools. Some of them were academically edu cated, more were thoroughly indoctrinated in stern mathe matics, and there were many good practical surveyors, while but very few were really ignorant of the common rudiments and elementary branches. For many years there were obstacles, in addition to those incident to all new settle ments, which impeded the progress of educational facilities, among which might be classed the defective titles of many settlers and the consequent troubles and privations attend ing them, and the war with Great Britain in 1812, which produced hard times, dangers of Indian troubles, and called a large force away from the productive industries. In her legislative history Ohio has ever been distinguished for her zeal and success in the cause of popular education, and one of her organic laws was, " That schools and the means of instruction shall forever be encouraged by legis lative provision ;" and to promote, as an object of primary importance, institutions for the diffusion of knowledge has been the great effort and constant aim of her legislation. In this Clermont played a conspicuous part through the labors of its two members of the first Constitutional Con vention, Philip Gatch and James Sargent, and its senator, Judge Owen T. Fishback, and representatives, Dr. A. V. Hopkirts and Gen. Thomas Gatch, who worked for and helped secure the great educatioual act of 1825, and its sena tor, Thomas Morris, and representatives, John Shaw and John Emery, who labored with their votes and voices for the still better laws of later days, which laid broad in the State the foundations of that magnificent system of common schools we enjoy, unequaled in perfect strength and solidity by that of any State in our Union. This establishment of a system, of common schools by taxation was the great end of the legislation of Ohio in re spect to education, and was rightly regarded as indispensa ble to the well-being and liberties of the State. Our gov ernment is a beautiful machinery, made up, not of parts, but. of the whole body of the people. It requires, therefore, not the aid of a few, but the aid of all to keep it in motion ; and to do this every citizen must understand all its parts and all its movements. He must possess knowledge, virtue, intelligence, because, in the language of our own constitu tion, they are essentially necessary to good government and the happiness of the people. To provide means for the in struction of all is, then, a duty that devolves on those who are called to administer the government. This is not only necessary to the safety and correct administration of gov ernment, but for the happiness and welfare of the people. The advance of the female character, aud the instruction and cultivation which woman receives, has always been justly viewed as evidence of the improved state of society where it exists, for knowledge is the handmaid of virtue prudence, and economy, aud where female virtue, knowl edge, and intelligence abound man can never be deo-raded or enslaved. Let the young who read these pages be faith ful to their duty in their day and generation in receiving instruction, for true education universally diffused will more securely protect their liberties than walls of adamant or temples of brass. By compact between the United States and the State of Ohio, when the latter was admitted into the Union in 1802, it was stipulated, for and in consideration, that the State of Ohio should never tax the Congress lands until after they had been sold five years, and in consideration that the said public lands would thereby more readily sell, that the one-thirty-sixth part of all the territory included within the limits of the State should be set apart for the support of common schools therein. And for the Virginia Military Tract (between the Little Miami and Scioto Rivers, and including all of Clermont) Congress enacted that a quantity of land equal to the one-thirty-sixth part of the estimated quantity of land contained therein should be se lected by lot in what was then called the " New Purchase," in quarter-township tracts of three miles square each. Thus, while no land in Clermont (owing to its peculiar surveys) was set apart by the general government for school purposes, Clermont had lands in other parts of Ohio specially reserved for her equal to the one-thirty-sixth of her area,— in other words, she had eight thousand and fifty-five acres of land designated for her for school purposes only. The State leased the lands belonging to Clermont and the other counties on the Virginia Reservation for quite a term of years, then began selling them, a little at a time; but on Jan. 29, 1827, the largest part was still unsold, and the State acted as a kind of a guardian for these counties, pock eting all the rents and still holding the proceeds of what had been sold. Then the Legislature passed a law submitting to the voters in the various counties of the Virginia Mili tary District a proposition to consent or dissent to the sell ing of their county's quota of the unsold school-lands in the " New Purchase." This vote was curiously taken by the county assessor when he made his rounds, enumerating the white male inhabitants over twenty-one years and listing their property (generally in part by deputies) in this way. The assessor kept a separate book in which one column was headed, " I am in favor of the sale of the Virginia Military school-lands," and another vice versa, and under these each voter had to write or cause to be written his name. Of course tbe affirmative carried ; the people wanted schools and wanted their own school money, that had been tied up in these lands for twenty-odd years, with no equivalent ren dered in educational facilities. By an act of Jan. 28, 1828, the lands were sold, and after paying the almost endless horde of land-registers, appraisers, surveyors, chain-carriers, mark-men, attorneys, clerks, and attache's generally, there was left as Clermont's part and proportion the snug sum of " seven thousand three hundred and twenty-seven dollars and seventy-two cents," which was the first fund of any magni tude the county had ever received, and the only one, save by its small taxation of a few previous years. What be came of it will be shortly made known. The first enactment in Ohio for the creation of common schools, and prior to which none existed (save the law of 1821, making the creation of districts optional with the voters, and making conditional taxation therefor), was the grand old act of Feb. 5, 1825, entitled " An act for the sup port and better regulation of common schools,'' whose first section provided for a permanent fund to be annually raised for the instruction of " youth of every class and grade, with- EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS. 165 out distinction, in reading, writing, arithmetic, and other necessary branches of a common education ;" that at their June meeting in 1826 and at every annual meeting there after, the county commissioners should levy and assess upon the ad valorem amount of its general list one-twentieth of one per centum, or one-half of a mill upon the dollar, to be appropriated for tbe use of the common schools; that the township trustees should lay off their township into one or more suitable school districts (their first creation), in man ner most suitable and convenient to the population and different neighborhoods, paying due regard to any school- house already erected or district already formed, and to any incorporated school company, and to schools in populous towns and villages. Then followed provisions for house holders- to meet and elect the directors, fix on a site for school-house, provide fuel, employ teachers ; and that the Common Pleas Court appoint annually three suitable persons as school examiners, to serve for one year, to examine all applicants desiring to teach as to their qualifications and moral character ; and no teacher to be employed without the certifi cate issued upon a proper examination. This was the first gen eral school law, but a few districts and school-houses, inde pendent and not supported by taxation, existed before, like oases in the desert, and were sweet retreats for the few happy neighborhoods whose prosperous condition and burning desire for the education of their youth had elevated them up above the average sentiment prevailing. No township could receive any of the money collected for school purposes unless its trustees had divided it into districts, as the law required, and which some, in their old-fogy notions, failed to do. By an amendment of Jan. 30, 1827, the Court of Common Pleas could appoint such number of suitable per sons as it deemed expedient as school examiners, not ex ceeding the number of townships in the county, — that is, one for each. On Feb. 10, 1829, a new enactment was passed, contain ing all the good features of the previous law and making new and stronger provisions for the educational cause, now on tbe broad path to a grand usefulness. The law of 1821 was wholly optional with the inhabitants of each township to have districts by a vote, and only ordered a slight taxation, conditional upon the whims of the people of these districts, if any were organized ; but the statutes of 1825 and 1829 were mandatory and not dependent on the caprices of the school-district voters, who in many places had, under the first act, voted the whole project down. The last law increased the school-tax from one-half to three-fourths of a mill on the dollar, and under certain restrictions authorized the householders to impose taxes, but not for the support of teachers, as they were paid from the other fund. The clerk of the court was empowered to appoint not less than five persons nor more than the num ber of organized townships to serve as examiners for the term of two years, by whom the qualifications of all parties wishing to be employed as teachers had to be tested. The school districts were made sovereignties in this, that by a vote they could purchase sites for school-houses, erect build ings or repair old ones, and impose taxes for the same and for labor and materials necessary. Tbe amendment of Feb. 22, 1830, and the new act of March 10, 1831, preserved all the essential parts of the law of 1829, but exempted from taxation the property of blacks and mulattoes, and made several important additions, strengthening and simplifying tbe system now in full blast and most generally indorsed by the people. An amend ment of Dec. 23, 1831, for tho first statute in Ohio made it lawful for women to teach the common schools, by allow ing the school directors to employ females for instructing in spelling, reading, and writing only ; and that only when the inhabitants of any district were desirous of having a lady teacher, and its directors had so signified in writing to the school examiners. This was the entering wedge for woman. She seized the opportunity, and gradually worked herself into not only the common and primary schools, but through, in successive gradations, all the academies, semi naries, and, at this day, many of the higher institutions of learning as a teacher. And partly to her zeal, efficiency, and refining influence is the success of the Ohio schools to be attributed, for in the school-room, in strict discipline and thoroughness of education, she has proved the equal of the sterner sex, and brought to her duties the beautify ing halo of her sweet influence in divesting the system of many of the old relics of severity and roughness which char acterized the old regime, which often injured the heart and delayed the expansion of the young mind. The acts of 1825 and 1829, with the amendments of 1831, continued substantially in force until after the adoption of the new con stitution, in 1851, and by which organic instrument the system received new strength, and had its foundations laid for still grander triumphs. The law of March 14, 1853, was the magnificent culmi nation of the " Ohio Idea," so to speak educationally, and madeour State the first, in the land in its strong and majes tic free-school system. It was the work principally of Harvey Rice, senator of Cuyahoga County, and an old educator, living in Cleveland. It made the townships dis tricts by themselves, and created sub-school districts, and removing all the rubbish of previous enactments, preserved the necessary parts of value, and made additions of incal culable importance. This law substantially, with the modi fications and amendments of the statutes of May 1, 1873, and of June, 1879, is in force to-day, and is the pride and glory of the State, and under it over three-quarters of a million of the youth are receiving instruction, with special regulations and provisions for colored pupils and academ ical systems in all the towns and cities. The whole quantity of land which, under the ordinance, Congress was bound to grant for the use of schools in Ohio was over seven hundred thousand acres, and the portion in money that was allotted to Clermont (as before stated) was $7327.72, and which was paid to the superintendent of common schools of Clermont County, agreeably to the pro visions of " an act to create and establish a fund for the support of common schools in the county of Clermont," passed Jan. 5, 1829. The general act distributing the proceeds of the sale of the lands in the Virginia Reserva tion passed Feb. 11, 1829, and under its tedious provisions and technicalities the other counties were a year or two get ting their respective amounts ; but Thomas Morris, foresee ing the evident future delays, and to give Clermont a chance 166 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. to get her school-money at once, originated a special act and got it passed thirty-eight days before the general law, and in it had himself created a special fund commission for Clermont County, and as such received the fund and brought it to this county. And thus, in advance by sev eral years of the adjoining counties, was laid the foundation of a grand school fund, which has from that day to the present been continually increasing, and now amounts to about one-third of all the taxes, and is the part most grate fully and willingly paid. The first school-tax ever put on the county duplicates was on those of the year 1827, and was five cents only on the $100. For the year ending June 2, 1829, the amounts paid out of the county treasury for school purposes was $621.83 to the organized school districts, and $639.92 to the superintendent of Clermont common schools, for distri bution to the various districts. That year the school-tax was Ik cents on the $100. By a notice published in 1831 we find the money due to each school district in Clermont, and those districts not sot down had drawn their apportion ment. The notice says that the $7000 — " county fund" — brought from Columbus by Thomas Morris (as before stated in this chapter), the superintendent, would be distributed in December, after the commissioners met (this notice being dated October 26th), as follows : Batavia Township. Districts. What years due No. 1 1S27, 1S29, 1830 No. 5., Amount. $70.04.1 1829, 1830 14.S7.3 Williamsburgh Township. No. 3 1830 Sfi.48.5 No. 4 1829, 1830 21.92 No. fi 1829,1830 19.31.5 No. 7 1826, 1827, 1829, 1830 13.79.9 No. 8 1830 13.94.3 Tate Township. No. 2 1829, 1830 §17.68. 3 No. 4 1829, 1830 22.88.4 No. 5 1829, 1830" 24.44.4 No. 7 1829, 1830 22.88.4 No. 1 (fractional) 1826, 1827, 1829, 1830 16.84.3 No. 2 " 1829,1830 6.24.2 Franklin To; No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 7 No. 8 No. 9 No. 10 No. 11 ..1830. S4.92.1 1829, 1830 11.78 64 1S30 10.1 1830 8.36.6 1826, 1827 7.91 1830 8.85.8 1829, 1830 23.66 (balance) 1830 4.80 4 1829, 1830 14.27 1829, 1830 6.40.8 No.No. No.No.No. No.No. Washington Township. 1 1829, 1830 S19.95.3 2 1S30 11.09.1 3 1829, 1830 25.20 4 1829,1830 12.91.1 5 1830 8.75.5 1829, 1830 14.62 3 1829, 1830 14.08.5 No. 9 1829,1830 18.19 2 No. 10 1829, 1S30 15 85 Monroe Township. No. No. No.No. No. No.No. 1830 $13.97.9 1829.1830 22.88.8 1829, 1830 14 ]0 9 1829, 1830 n'.92.3 1829, 1838 m 31 2 (fractional) 1829, 1S30 b'il'o is26,i827 :;::; 3:27:2 Ohio Township. ¦ Districts. What years due. Amount. No. 1 1826, 1827, 1829, 1830 $I9.5S 1 No. 2 1830 iu.52.3 No. 3 1829, 1830 16.07.1 No. 7 1830 13.34.6 No. 8 1826,1827,1829,1830 19.66 9 No. 9 1830 7.70.1 No. 10 1829, 1830 13.90.4 No. 11 1829, 1830 H.78.7 No. 12 1830 9.90.9 Union Township. No. 1 1829, 1830 $20.89.2 No. 4 1829, 1830 13.21.2 No. 7 1829, 1830 9.90.9 Miami Township. No. 1 1829, 1830 $41.58.4 No. 2 1829, 1830,,.*. 21.44.3 No. 3 1829, 1830... 16.89.8 No. i 1829, 1830 24.69.1 No. 6 1829, 1830 14.94.6 Goshen Township. No. 1 1826,1827,1829,1830 $9.95 No. 2 1826, 1827 4.30 No. 3 1829. 1830 11.14.2 No. 7 1829, 1830 2.97.1 Wayne Township. No. 1 1830 $4.04.3 No. 2 1830 5.09.7 No. 3 1830 8.08.6 No. 4 1S26, 1827, 1829, 1830 7.59.9 No. 5 1829, 1830 5.48.8 Stonelick Township. No. 1 1826, 1827, 1829, 1830 $16.50.4 No. 3 1829, 1830 15.09.6 No. 5 1826,1827,1829,1830 10.27.4 No. 6 1829, 1830 12.34.8 No. 7 1829, 1830 12.34.8 No. 8 1829, 1830 10.97.6 These small pittances were the first sums ever drawn by the school district treasurers from the county treasurers direct. All before paid, under the laws of 1825-26-27, were - paid (exceedingly small sums) by the county super intendent, Thomas Morris, direct to the various school dis trict treasurers. The $7000 county school fund was paid out in December, 1831, and from that time on the schools began to prosper. For tbe year ending June 4, 183H, there were paid out of the county treasury for school pur poses, $3691.57, of which were collected from show licenses, $120; and $1058.49 were the proceeds of the Virginia Military School Fund apportioned by the State for 1831. The balance was ma'de up by school tax carried on to the duplicates. In 1840 there were two academies or grammar-schools in the county, with 78 pupils therein; 66 district schools, with 3289 scholars ; and the number of persons who could not read or write were 557. In 1846 the number of districts were 128; fractional districts, 8; number of schools, 68; male teachers, 47 ; female teachers, 12 ; number of scholars in daily attendance, — boys, 672, and girls, 438 ; wages paid teachers from public funds, $3577 ; and from other sources, $1561 ; school tax from county duplicate, $5415.40; and school fund obtained from the State, $3136.01. The grand old school law of 1853, and upon which the present law is substantially based, made a revolution in school affairs and gave the cause of education a splendid impetus, from which has arisen the " Ohio system," un- equaled in the world. In 1854 the Clermont school taxes EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS. 167 were $12,489.30 ; in 1862 its entire school expenditures, $38,988.39 ; and in 1869 they aggregated the enormous sum of $86,329.65; of which $21,193.34 were for sites, building, and repairs, $54,367.06 to teachers, and balance for contingent and other expenses. The entire taxes levied for school purposes in 1879 were $59,752.70. There are 144 sub-school districts and 12 special districts, and the number of enrolled pupils for year 1878 were 11,328 white and 588 colored scholars. In all of the towns and most of the townships ample provisions have been made for colored schools, usually taught by intelligent teachers of that race. No county in Ohio excels Clermont in its elegant and substantial school structures, whose very low estimated valuation is put at $273,972 ; but they could hardly be replaced at double that sum, if we consider the many costly and stately school edifices in the towns and villages. Clermont has paid heavy and onerous taxes for its splendid educational facilities, but she has never be grudged them, and to-day points with pride to her unsur passed schools and unequaled teachers. SCHOOL EXAMINEES. Under the law of 1825 provision was made for the ap pointment of three school examiners by the court, to serve for one year. The first selected were at the August term, 1826, — Andrew Foote, of Batavia township ; Charles H. Vaughn, of Goshen township ; and Benjamin Graves. The two former declining to serve, there were appointed in their place, at the October term, 1826, Dr. Josiah Lyman, of Batavia township, and Benjamin Ellis, of Williamsburgh township ; and at the expiration of their terms were chosen, October term, 1827, Dr. Thomas Boude, of Franklin town ship ; George Palmer, of Monroe township. In place of Benjamin Graves there was appointed, April term, 1829, Dr. L. A. Hendrick, of Miami township. In Hendriek's place, under the act of 1829 and on his resignation, the clerk of court appointed, April term, 1831, Samuel Med ary, of Batavia township ; April term, 1832, S. G. Meek, of Goshen township ; August term, 1832, Josiah Gallup, of Franklin township. Under the law of 1833 there was appointed by court, November term, 1833, William Fee, Jr., Washington township ; but who resigning, James Warren, of same township, at said term was chosen in his place. April term, 1834, Reuben Utter, Squire Frazee, of Washington township ; Robert Porter, James T. Johnson, of Ohio township. The law of March, 1836, called for each township to elect three school examiners, and on their refusal or failure to do so the court, on application of any two school direc tors in said derelict township, was ordered to appoint them ; and in pursuance of said statute it chose, October term, 1836, William Doane, Peter C. Parker, and Levi Crane for Union ; William Morrell, Ira Belts, and James H. Layman for Wayne ; Samuel Ewing, John Williams, and William Roudebush for Stonelick; William Hartman, Isaac Hartman, and John Dickey for Jackson ; William G. Gage, David Jones, and Eben S. Ricker for Ohio ; and George S. Lee to fill the place in Batavia of Thomas L. Shields, resigned. The act of March 7, 1838, provided for three county ex aminers to be appointed by the Common Pleas Court and serve for a term of three years, and the following were the examiners under it and until after the adoption of the new constitution, in 1851 : June term, 1838, Joshua Dial, Batavia township; Wil liam Roudebush, Stonelick township; Dr. James T. John son, Ohio township. 1840 (in place of Dr. Johnson), Dr. S. Y. Thornton, Batavia township. May term, 1841 (in place of Dr. Thornton), John Hill, Stonelick township. August term, 1841, William Howard, Joshua Dial, Ba tavia township. April term, 1842, Samuel Martin. October term, 1844, William Howard, T. L. Shields, Batavia township; John Hill, Stonelick township. July term, 1847, George L. Swing, Batavia township; Edward F. W. Ellis, Franklin township; James S. Kemper. July term, 1850, George L. Swing, Batavia township. There were others (some three or four), but the records of court fail to show their names. Under the new law of 1853 and since, the following are the names of the exam iners, with the dates of their appointment : April 13,-1853, G. L. Swing, N. M. Preble, Batavia township ; H. V. Kerr, Williamsburgh township. March 20, 1854, J. K. Parker, Clermontville. July 28, 1854, J. M. McGrew, Amelia. Feb. 1, 1855, J. A. Sloane, Batavia township. Feb. 13, 1855, William Carter, Felicity. July 8, 1856, G. W. Hulick, Batavia township. Feb. 28, 1857, William Carter, Felicity. March 26, 1857, D. W. Stevens, Milford. Aug. 10, 1858, J. K. Parker, Clermontville. March 26, 1859, G. W. Felter, Batavia township. June 17, 1859, John Ferguson, Amelia. Aug. 20, 1860, John D. Hovey, Edenton. March 28, 1862, II. V. Kerr, Batavia township. Aug. 29, 1S62, J. D. Hovey, Edenton. Nov. 30, 1863, G. W. Felter, Batavia township. April 18, 1864, J. C. Morris, Batavia township. Oct. 17, 1864, George H. Hill, Goshen township. Dec. 22, 1865, Frank Browning, Batavia township. Dec. 3, 1867, George II. Hill, Goshen township. Jan. 26, 1867, J. C. Morris, Bethel. Dec. 22, 1867, G. W. Felter, Batavia township. Oct. 30, 1868, J. H. Laycock, Felicity. Jan. 29, 1869, William Nichols, Batavia township. Dec. 24, 1869, G. W. Felter, Batavia township. June 7, 1870, C. J. Harrison, Boston. Nov. 25, 1871, W. B. Applegate, Batavia township. July 20, 1872, G. W. Felter, New Richmond. Aug. 8, 1S72, C. J. Harrison, Boston. Dec. 6, 1873, W. B. Applegate, Batavia township. July 21, 1874, C. M. Riggs, Williamsburgh township; W. H. Ulrey, Felicity; W. B. Applegate, Batavia township. July 21, 1875, C. M. Riggs, Williamsburgh township. Dec. 16, 1876, W. H. Ulrey, Felicity; J. G. Moorehead, New Rich mond. July 17, 1878, C. M. Riggs, Williamsburgh township. July 21, 1879, W. H. Ulrey, Felicity. Dec. 22, 1879, J. G. Moorehead, New Richmond. The examiners meet the first Saturday in every month at Batavia and hold a special session. At the teachers' institute at times of its annual session they meet, and have raised the standard in Clermont to. the highest degree con sistent with the law. Under the last law certificates can be granted for a pe- 168 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUxVTY, OHIO. riod not exceeding thirty-six months, and for the shortest time six months is the limit. Each teacher, on receipt of a certificate, is entitled to teach wherever in the county he may be employed, but without the required certificate can draw no wages. Under the old regime teachers who were practically failures in the school-rooms were just as liable, if they possessed the required scholastic kuowledge, to se cure certificates as those who had established high claims for excellence in the teacher's calling, as the examinations were almost wholly confined to mere scholastic matters ; and the singularly technical and the memoriter character of the questions usually proposed could generally be an swered or solved by persons who had no idea of the real work and duties of the profession. But of late the stand ard of qualifications has been elevated, more inquiry has been instituted as to the general culture of the applicant, and sharper scrutiny into the maturity of his thought, his moral and mental force, and into his methods of teaching THE CLERMONT TEACHERS' INSTITUTE. In the autumn of 1848 the teachers of Clermont took the initiatory proceedings towards the formation of a county institute, and the first meeting for that purpose was held at Amelia. The venerable Dr. Andrew V. Hopkins,— a good pedagogue in his younger days,— always ready to aid any good enterprise, opened his doors and generously placed his office, his parlor, and his cupboard at the command of those present. Among those assembled to assist in the grand projected educational movement was Professor J. K. Parker, whose whole soul was enlisted in the cause of education, with his timely suggestions, his matter-of fact propositions, and his deep, earnest effort to do something for the eleva tion of man,— gentle as the lisping child, mild as a May morning, the very soul of affability and intercourse, yet firm as his own native mount, he was in himself a host in the cause ; and John Hancock, the teacher of Ohio, with his sparkling wit, his spicy criticisms, his endless store of anecdotes, his racy manner of relating them, his startling '*•-- applications, his matchless powers of elucidation, his thor ough knowledge of mathematics, his disposition to culti vate the sunny side of human nature and make himself useful in the world, always secured him a hearty welcome Then there was Henry V. Kerr, prompt, positive, and energetic, with his nice sense of propriety aud decorum smoothing down all rough propositions and moulding them into systematic order, taking.crude suggestions and shaping them into a grand and beautiful fabric, bringing order out of chaos, and making easy the rugged path of science And there, too, was John Ferguson, with his calm delibera tion, his cool, philosophical investigation, his unyielding de votion to truth, and his untiring zeal in tracing the laws of nature, his uncompromising hostility to everything super ficial, and his most earnest labors for practical knowledge There, a so, was Ira McColIum, patient and persuasive, and who nobly gave his life to the sacred cause and died in the harness, battling to the very last in the glorious cause of human improvement. Likewise present was J. C Morris genial and true, who never dreamed for a moment that there was any possibility of the institute ever becoming a failure. There stood L. Krench, a gentleman by birth and a student by nature, an ornament to his profession, and a faithful laborer in the field of mental progress. But there was another man present,— a poet, a scholar, and a soldier — whose heart and mind, whose brain and eye made him the centre of the gathering, but who now sleeps in a happier world ; yet to his loving memory, his many happy reminis- cences left behind, his intellect never surpassed by a native Clermonter, and his general characteristics that made him a leader in all humanitarian movements, the historian would not do justice did he omit the name of Charles Robb the impress and imprint of whose good and great labors for education, society, and state through the school-room, press battle-field, and other walks of life is grandly stamped on the brightest pages of Clermont's history. The ladies too ever present and foremost in every good work, were there to shed their sweet smiles on the auspicious openino- of the movement, and to give their radiant countenance to the undertaking that in the not distant future would prove of such inestimable value to the progress and growth of the country. Among them were Mrs. Sarah P. B. Parker, Miss C. L. Dudley, Miss M. E. Bannister, and Miss Fairfield. There were, also, on hand C. W. Page, Harris Smethurst, and G. P. Jenkins, gentlemen who labored zealously for the love they bore the cause. This was the first meeting that led to the organization of the institute, and the above teachers resolved to hold an institute session at Amelia on Dee. 26, 1848, and four distinguished educators of Cin cinnati promised to conduct the exercises. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year : President, Dr. A. V. Hopkins; Vice-Presidents, J. K. Parker, John Hancock, Joseph Tritt; Secretary, Charles Robb; Treas urer, R. A. Hopkins. The enterprise seems to have lagged, for a convention was held on Nov. 3, 1849, at Bantam, and J. K. Parker, L. French, and H. V. Kerr were appointed a committee to draft a constitution for a teachers' institute, which they reported and it was adopted. The institute met Dec. 1, 1849, with the following officers: President, C. W. Page ; Vice-Presidents, J. K. Parker, L. French ; Sec retary, John Hancock ; Treasurer, G. P. Jenkins ; Librar ian, Dr. A. V. Hopkins. On April 10, 1850, the first regular session of the in stitute was held at Bantam, with the officers given above (elected Dec. 1, 1849). Its recitations were conducted by J. K. Parker, John Ferguson, C. W. Page, John Hancock, G. P. Jenkins, H. V. Kerr, Charles Robb, and others. Conscious of the magnitude of the work before them and the difficulties to be encountered, the managers called, in that and subsequent years, to their aid the first talent of the West, — men whose very lives had been guide-boards on the highway to moral and intellectual eminence. Samuel Lewis, of Cincinnati, with his vast store of practical knowl edge, kindly came to their assistance ; and among the other invited instructors were Professor Ray, of the Woodward High School ; Dr. Asa D. Lord, of Columbus ; the vener able Dr. John Locke, of Cincinnati ; Professor Knowlton, Hon. Hiram H. Barney, E. D. Babbitt, Professors Hurty, Rainey, and others. Lectures were delivered by L. A. Hine, Drs. T. W. Gordon, A. Robb, D. Barber, and Cris- tine, Professors A. J. Rickoff, C. IT. Raymond, E. W. Longley, D. W. C. Loudon, E. C. Ellis, and other men EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS. 169 able and noted in various professions. When the teachers failed in procuring a speaker they fell back upon their own resources, selecting some versatile member of the institute, who led them to a glorious intellectual feast. The second regular semi annual session was held at Ban- tarn, commencing Monday, Oct. 7, 1850, and nine recita tions of forty minutes each were daily had. Monday even ing was spent in the discussion of an educational question. Tuesday evening Hon. Samuel Lewis delivered an able and eloquent address. Wednesday forenoon Dr. Ray lectured on Arithmetic, in the afternoon on Algebra, and in the evening on Physiology. Thursday evening there was a splendid address by Charles Robb on Physical Education, and Friday evening Mrs. Sarah P. B. Parker read a highly interesting essay on the Advantages of Teaching Music in the Common Schools. The institute now began holding two sessions a year, — in the spring and fall, — the officers being elected at the latter for the whole year. The following officers were elected : President, H. V. Kerr ; Vice-Presidents, John Ferguson, William Carter ; Secretary, John Hancock ; Treasurer, James K. Parker; Librarian, G. P. Jenkins. The programme was filled for next session by electing for Reading, Mrs. S. P. B. Parker ; Arithmetic, Harris Smeth- urst ; Grammar, Miss C. L. Dudley ; Algebra, John Han cock ; Chemistry, J. K. Parker ; Philosophy, John Fer guson ; Physiology, Noble M. Preble ; Astronomy, William Carter. April 14, 1851, the third semi-annual session convened at Bantam, and the first evening was spent in a discussion of the merits of the new school law, and the subsequent evenings of the week to lectures, discussions, and enter tainments. Charles M. Smith, county auditor, made an excellent address on the progress and condition of education in the county, and Dr. D. Barber delivered a lecture on physiology. At the October meeting of 1851 essays were read (in addition to the many other intellectual and educa tional treats) by J. K. Parker, F. Walker, Miss C. L. Dudley, Miss M. E. Bannister, Mrs. S. P. B. Parker, J. C. Morris, John Ferguson, and Ira McColIum. In 1852, John Ferguson was president and Harris Smethurst secretary. The second session of this year, the sixth since its organization, was held at Bantam, and among the teachers occur the names of H. Lockwood, H. Hancock, J. B. Bellville, A. Page, Dr. Small, George L. Swing, C N. Browning, Miss Foster, E. A. Parker, E. Martin, B. J. Long, and William Ricker, who have not been heretofore mentioned, but who took very conspicuous parts in its varied exercises. 1853.— Officers : President, J. K. Parker ; Vice-Presi dents, William Carter, J. C. Morris ; Secretary, John Fer guson ; Librarian, Ira McColIum. Spring session held at Bantam, beginning April 1 1th, at which appeared as visitors a large delegation of Brown County teachers to listen to the lecture of A. D. Filmore, on Importance of Vocal Mu sic; that of T. C. Bowles, on Duties of Teachers; Rev. J. Denham, on Zoology ; and Dr. John Lock, on Agricultural Chemistry. The fall session convened at Bantam, October 3d. Lorin Andrews (colonel of the Fourth Ohio Regiment Infantry during the Rebellion) delivered several able ad- 22 dresses, and being considered the ablest educator in Ohio, his suggestions imparted new strength and a higher tone to its exercises. Among the teachers not before announced by name there were present as instructors : G. B. Nichols, Dr. Porter, Lowell H. Smith, Miss Mellie F. Stone, Miss A. Hitch, Miss M. Page, Miss L. Williamson, Miss E. Archard, and J. H. Smith. Henry Childs, of Cleve land, made a speech on the Condition of Schools in North ern Ohio. 1854. — President, William Carter ; Vice-President, W. W. Ricker ; Treasurer, C. N. Browning ; Secretary, B. J. Long ; Librarian, Ira McColIum. The spring session as sembled at Bethel, April 10th, and the following names of teachers as instructors first appear : Orville Burke, Payton Smith, Miss Eliza Bettle, Miss C. T. Quinlan, Miss Jane Morton, Miss Caroline Thompson, Miss Perin, E. G. Mar tin. The lecturers were Dr. Asa D. Lord and IT. H. Bar ney, State school commissioner. The fall term also met at Bethel, on October 2d. Professors A. J. Rickoff and Knowlton were the lecturers, and on Geology Dr. S. S. Scoville read a very interesting paper. The names of R. C. Patterson, P. Kidd, Miss Sarah A. Dobbin, Miss H. M. Medary, as new members, are noticed. 1855. — Officers : President, J. K. Parker ; Vice-Presi dent, R. 0. Patterson ; Secretary, George B. Nichols ; Treasurer, L. H. Smith ; Librarian, J. C. Morris. The spring term began in New Richmond, and lasted five days. Lecturers, Drs. Christin and E. D. Babbitt, of Cincinnati. New members prominently officiating, J. A. Sloane, M. H. Fitch, J. W. Mahan, Miss H. Blanchard. L. B. Leeds, of the San, and J. R. S. Bond, of the Courier, were elected hon- arary members. Fall session met at Batavia, on 3d of Oc tober. Tho lecturers were Professors Parsons and Vaughn (the latter the eminent astronomer of Cincinnati, but now deceased), and Rev. A. A. Livermore. The following are members whose names have not been before given : G. W. Hulick, C. P. Dennis, G. H. Hill, Zadok Miller, J. W. Delaplane, C. W. Rogers, J. P. Widmyer, Robert Johnson, Miss E. Harvey, Miss J. Curry, Mrs. A. H. Ferguson, Miss M. E. Taylor, Miss E. B. Hulick, A. H. Earhart, J. S. McClave, S. S. Orwin, J. B. Rapp, J. R. Long, W. 0. Hopkins, S. 0. Mount, A. McKee, J. H. Mount, Cyrus Gaskins, Asher Goslin, W. P. Wolf, Miss Carrie Brown ing, Miss J. Davis, Miss E. A. Keyt, Miss C. Wiseman, and Miss A. LrHitch. 1856. — Officers: President, J. A. Sloane; Vice-Presi dent, T. Miller; Secretary, George B. Nichols; Treasurer, George W. Hulick; Librarian, R. C. Patterson. Spring term met in Batavia, April 14th, and lectures were delivered by State School Commissioner H. IT. Barney, Dr. Allen, and Thomas Q. Ashburn. The fall term began in Felicity, September 29th, and continued six days. Lectures were de livered by Rev. Anson Smyth, editor of Ohio Journal of Education, and J. W. Andrews, President of Marietta College, Rev. J. S. Campbell, and Mr. C. S. Royce. The names of the following new teachers appear : Frank Brown ing, 0. S. Frambes, S. A. Fitch, Z. W. Fagin, Miss E. Hadley, Miss Virginia Clarke, Miss Georgia Harvey. 1857. — Officers:" President, George B. Nichols; Vice- President, J. W. Mahan ; Secretary, Frank Browning ; 170 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Treasurer, J. C. Morris ; Librarian, G. W. Hulick. The spring term assembled at Felicity the last Monday in March, and the fall session at Goshen, on October 5th. Lectures were delivered by L. D. Manning, on American National Literature, and by John Hancock and J. W. Foster on various topics ; and addresses were made by Judge George L. Swing and Rev. G. P. Riley. Of the new teachers for first time taking part as instructors there were Miss Apple- gate, Mrs. S. A. Morris, L. D. Manning, Messrs. Teetor, Flinn, Goodell, and G. P. Riley. 1858. — Officers: President, Frank Browning; Vice- Presidents, D. W. Stevens, William Carter ; Secretary, Geo. H. Hill ; Treasurer, J. C. Morris ; Librarian, G. W. Hulick. The spring term met at Batavia, March 29th. Lectures were delivered by Professors John Ogden, of Columbus, and J. C. Zachos, of Cincinnati, and addresses by Rev. J. C. Maddy, Rev. Luther Fee, and Rev. W. G. W. Lewis. Of the new teachers taking conspicuous parts there were : Miss S. E. Flinn, William Nichols, E. A. Baker, M. A. Leeds, Samuel Belts, William T. Cramer, L. Miller, J. Dunlap, P. Behymer, N. G. Buff, George Rogers, E. T. Ware, Orin Temple, W. H. Mead, H. B. Teetor, and Mrs. E. B. H. Needham. Resolutions were passed that the educational interests of the county demanded the establish ment of a Normal Institute in the county ; also a model school in connection with the institute for the education of teachers in the practice of teaching ; and J. C. Morris, J. W. Mahan, William Carter, George IT. Hill, and G. W. Hulick were appointed as five trustees, to have supervision of the same, make the necessary arrangements for procuring a principal, teachers, and all matters pertaining to its success. Prof. John Ogden was made president of said Normal school, which had a four weeks' session in Batavia, begin ning on the first Monday in August, and another like session in the summer of 1859, when the project terminated. The fall session convened at Williamsburgh, at which time the library numbered one hundred and twenty-seven volumes. 1859. — Officers: President, Frank Browning ; Secretary, George H. Hill. The fall session met at Williamsburgh on March 28th, and continued five days. The following was the programme : Reading, J. A. Sloane ; Elocution, Charles S. Royce ; Arithmetic, H. Smethurst ; English Grammar, William Carter ; Geography, Miss Victoria Moore ; Lec ture on Physical Geography, John Ferguson; Astronomy, William Carter; Algebra, George H. Hill; Music, W. F. Stein. Rev. Cartelyon, of Williamsburgh, Rev. W. G. W. Lewis, of Batavia, and Prof. Royce, of Lebanon State Nor mal School, lectured. Essays were read by L. D. Manning E. A. Parker, William McHenry, G. P. Riley, Miss Vic toria M. Moore, Martha J. Simmons, Miss Mellie Stone, Miss Caroline Armstrong, and Miss Martha Sutton. The days were devoted to the various recitations, interspersed with music, general exercises, and the transaction of neces sary business, and the evenings to lectures, addresses, and concerts. For the years 1860-64 the names of the officers are not found, owing to the record book of the institute for that period having been lost, and being the years of hot Presidential elections and of the rebellion that followed the files of the newspapers were full of politics and of war and failed to notice regularly tbe institute's proceedings. It held its annual sessions regularly, however (its meetings havin« been changed from semi-annual to annual), and though the Clermont teachers contributed more than their complement to fill the quotas for volunteers, the educational spirit of progress and development was borne aloft and to still greater heights and success than before. It held its session of 1864 at New Richmond on August 1st, and continued some ten days. In 1865 it assembled at Batavia, and bad lectures and instructions by Professors Kidd and 0. N. Stoddard, of Miami University. In 1866 the officers were : President, George W. Felter ; Vice-President, John H. Laycock ; Secretary, Z. W. Fagin ; Corresponding Secretary, J. C. Morris ; Treasurer, Miss Carrie Browning; and Librarian, Z. F. Riley. 1867. — President, John H. Laycock; Secretary, Ran dolph S. Swing; and Treasurer, J. C. Morris. 1868.— President, J. C. Morris ; Vice-President, G. W. Felter ; Secretary, F. M. Robinson ; Treasurer, W. 0. Hop kins ; Librarian, 0. IT. Hadley. Meeting held in court house. 1869.— President, J. C. Morris ; Vice-President, M. A. Leeds ; Secretary, Marcellus A. Wood ; Treasurer, W. B. Applegate. Session at Batavia. 1870. — President, J. K. Parker ; Vice-President, R. S. Swing ; Secretary, F. C. Harvey ; Treasurer, W. E. Shaw. Met at New Richmond, July 25th. Lectures and addresses by Professor 0. W. Stoddard, Rev. E. R. Hera, W. D. Henkle, the efficient State school commissioner, Professor De Wolf, Dr. Talbott, and John Hancock, superintendent of the Cincinnati schools. Seventy teachers present first day, and term laste3 fifteen days. 1871. — President, J. C. Morris; Vice-President, George H. Hill; Secretary, George W. Felter; Treasurer, J. D. Collins. The twenty-second annual session convened at New Richmond, July 24th. Lectures and addresses by Professors Thomas W. Harvey, John Hancock, Rev. J. H. Lockwood, Professor Edward Orton, State Geologist, Pro fessors Kidd and Venable, and Dr. Johnson, President of Miami Valley Teachers' Association. Fourteen days' term. 1872.— President, G. W. Felter; Vice-President, F. C. Harvey ; Secretary, G. W. Irwin ; Treasurer, George H. Hill. Met July 29th, at New Richmond. Lectures and addresses by Professors Mendenhall, Hall, R. W. Stevenson, Venable, and Rev. Ketchum. 1873.— President, G. W. Felter; Vice-President, John S. Parrott ; Secretary, T. D. Scott ; Treasurer, George H. Hill. Met at Felicity. July 28th, when W. B. Applegate was elected secretary, vice T. D. Scott, resigned. Addresses and lectures by Professors John Hancock, J. H. Laycock, W. Watkins, Revs. Weeks and Harris. 1874.— President, J. K. Parker; Vice-President, W. 0. Hopkins; Secretary, W. IT. Ulrey; Treasurer, W. B. Ap plegate. Convened at Felicity, August 10th. Lectures and addresses by Dr. McClung, of Sardinia ; Professor Curran, of Cincinnati; John Akels, J. K. Parker, and others. 1875.— President, William H. Straight ; Vice-President, J. G. Moorehead; Secretary, IT. J. Buntin ; Treasurer, W. H. Ulrey. Assembled August 9th, at Felicity'. In structions by Professor John Ogden, Professor J. R Con- EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS. 171 ner, Rev. S. S. Newhouse, J. S. Parrot, and G. W. Felter, with others from abroad. 1876.— President, W. H. Ulrey ; Vice-President, C. M. Riggs; Secretary, J. G. Moorehead; Treasurer, G. W. Fel ter. Met August 7th, at Williamsburgh. Lectures and addresses by S. D. Shepherd, of Newport, Ky. ; Rev. J. B. Smith, of Farmers' College; Professors John Ogden, L. A. Knight, of Madisonville ; John Hancock, and J. C. Morris. 1877. — President, Carter M. Riggs; Vice-President, J. G. Moorehead ; Secretary, W. R. Page ; Treasurer, W. H. Straight. Convened July 30th, at Williamsburgh. In structions and lectures by Professor Watkins, of Dayton, State School Commissioner Charles S. Smart, Professor George H. Hill, L. D. Manning, Burwell Britton, William Reeder, and others. 1878. — President, George W. Felter ; Vice-President, J. G. Moorehead ; Secretary, A. B. Jones ; Treasurer, C. M. Riggs. Assembled at Bethel, July 29th. Addresses, lec tures, and instructions by Professors Watkins, of Dayton High School ; Rev. David Swing, of Chicago ; Professor Byron Williams, of Williamsburgh ; Revs. A. D. Maddox and E. A. Lockwood, of Bethel ; Professor L. A. Knight, of Madisonville; and Professor Thaddeus Reamy, of Ohio Medical College. One hundred and fifty teachers were present. The following persons and teachers were awarded diplomas for scholarship, having received, on the standard of one hundred, the percentage opposite their respective names : Mollie E. Blythe, 96 ; Anna Halse, 94i ; Nellie Titus, 94 ; W. P. Marsh, 95 ; C. F. Malsbury. 92 J ; E. S. Gatch, 92J ; D. S. Thompson, 92£ ; A. M. Altman, 92J; R. A. Boys, 92 ; Georgia Page, 92 ; Cita Beck, 92 ; Viola E. Johnson, 91 ; Florence Donaldson, 91 ; and Laura A. Rice, 90 i. 1879. — President, J. G. Moorehead; Vice-President, T. M. Iden ; Secretary, A. M. West ; Treasurer, W. H. Ulrey. Assembled at Bethel, July 29th. Addresses, lectures, and instructions by Professors J. C. Morris, J. C. Kinney, W. D. Gibson, Watkins, Zeinz; McVay, and other able educa tors. At this session the constitution was revised, as a means of strengthening the institute, and for the improve ment of the profession of teaching. 1880.— President, W. D. Gibson ; Vice-President, A. M. West ; Secretary, E. A. Lockwood ; Treasurer, T. M. Iden. Assembled the last Monday of July, in Milford, in thirty- first regular annual session, with an unusually large atten dance. No institute in Ohio equals that of Clermont in the in terest taken by teachers, or in the thoroughness of its instructions or ability of its teachers, and it occupies a proud position in the State for its deserved success and enviable distinction. Perhaps no greater encomium was ever deserved in the literary world than that passed upon Goldsmith by Dr. Johnson, " He touched nothing that he did not adorn" ; and the teachers of Clermont are not only becoming desi rous of such worthy and well-known renown, but are achiev ing it by their eminent abilities and painstaking, steady application. They are seeking for certificates of higher grade, and sparing neither time nor expense to win laurels, and at the same time make themselves useful citizens of society and ornaments to the progressive age in which they live. The institute bas done much to improve the teachers and schools of the county, and has ever exerted a whole some influence upon the educational spirit of the people. When we reflect that the institute is almost the sole means of reaching the mass of the teachers, tbe importance and benefit of its annual session is easily seen ; and its instruc tions being sound, pervasive, and practical, and giving all possible instruction in the branches as a substratum for a discussion of methods, its radiating and happy influences for good and awakening annually a new and better feeling for scholastic advancement are plainly visible. CLERMONT ACADEMY. This institution is located in the village of Clermontville, Monroe township, Ohio, near the Ohio River, twenty miles above Cincinnati, and accessible by good turnpike-roads and by the river. The school building is situated in the pleasant valley of Boat Run, less than one-fourth of a mile from the steam boat landing, but the boarding-house and residence of the principal is upon a gentle eminence, commanding a delight ful view of the river and surrounding hills and valleys. The school was originated in tbe year 1839, by Rev. Daniel Parker* and his wife,"}" to be conducted by their * Rev. Daniel Parker, the founder of Clermont Academy, was born in Newburyport, Mass., Aug. 7, 1781, and was the fifth child of Wil liam and Mary (Warner) Parker. In the fall of 1788 his father im migrated from Massachusetts, intending to settle on the Ohio Purchase, hut was deterred by Indian hostilities, and made his home in the wilds of Western Pennsylvania, twenty miles above Pittsburgh, where the family resided until 1802, when they moved to Meigs Co., Ohio, near Gallipolis. Here Daniel was converted, and in the winter of 1805 started out with Abel Sargent on a preaching tour up the Ohio and into Virginia. A few years later he engaged in secular pursuits, and in 1810 he went South, expecting to be gone about four months. Sickness and other circumstances lengthened his stay four years, reaching his father's house, after much suffering, in 1818. The fol lowing year he made another preaching tour and preached bis first sermon — on the doctrine of the final restoration — at Alexandria, Ky. After another preaching tour eastward, he returned to Newport, Ky., where he established himself in business. In the fall of 1816 he miirried Priscilla M. King and settled at Mount Hygiene, which he had selected as the most beautiful natural site for a home on the Ohio between Pittsburgh and Cincinnati, where he died, March 22, 1861. His last words were, '' Relying on the promises;" and he died as he had lived, — a Restorationist and not a Universalist. During his residence in the county he labored with untiring devotion to dis seminate correct religious views and temperance principles, and no minister was more gladly heard by Christians of every creed than the kind and noble-hearted Daniel Parker. t It was Mrs. Parker who first conceived tho thought of establish ing a high school or academy on the home-farm, for the benefit of her family and such other families as might desire higher instruction than the public schools of that day afforded. Mr. Parker, though equally desirous, of the benefits of such a school for his own children and those of his neighbors, was hesitant, through fear of the impracticability of the enterprise. He had limited means, barely adequate to affording a comfortable living for his fam ily, entirely inadequate to giving his children a liberal education at schools away from home j and finally seeing no other prospect, he resolved to attempt the erection of a small school-bouse on his own domain as soon as he could secure enough surplus to justify a begin ning. In after-years, by the quiet fireside, he related to the writer his experience in obtaining the first money which was expended in erect ing tbe first academy building. He was a man of faith and prayer, and he took the matter to the Lord, and covenanted with him to devote 172 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. eldest son, James K. Parker, and chiefly designed to edu cate their other five sons and youngest daughter. Other pupils, however, were admitted, and very soon the number of them was largely increased. For several years the school was accommodated in a single room, 20 by 40 feet in size, but increasing patron age in time demanded more room and better facilities, and rendered a permanent establishment desirable and prac ticable. The building has been twice enlarged, and auxil iary buildings have been from time to time erected, until now there are three school-rooms, eleven rooms for self- boarding, and a commodious boarding-house of twenty-two rooms, conducted by the principal. In the years 1866-67 an effort was made to erect a larger and more commodious school building, but the financial pressure which ensued arrested the work, and it has not yet been resumed. The hope is still entertained that at some time in the near future the desired object may be attained, and the institution placed upon a more permanent basis. To this end an incorporation has been effected under the general law of Ohio, and the present proprietor, the princi pal, who, assisted by his wife, son, and daughters, with occasionally other teachers, has conducted the school for more than forty years, proposes to put it, with its present facilities, into the hands of a board of trustees so soon as larger grounds can be secured, and such other measures adopted as shall justify a reasonable expectation of success. It is confidently believed that tbe wants of our growing community demand a school of higher learning than the public schools can afford. Moreover, there is need of first- class academies in all sections of the State, as feeders to our colleges, and but few localities are more desirable or convenient for such an institution than the site selected for the new academy building. The patronage for the first fifteen or twenty years varied from twenty to sixty students; in later years, from fifty to eighty, in the general way, but at one time, after the close of the war of Rebellion, the register numbered as high as one hundred and three in attendance. The patrons of the school have been of all grades and classes of society, from the poor to the wealthy; from the rude to the refined. By fin- the larger part, however, are what may be called the middle class, those engaged in the various industries of life —the » bone and sinew" of our country ; hence their sons and daughters have been earnest orderly, and diligent students, giving tone and character to all the money which he might obtain from extra sources, and to begin the work as soon as the Lord would grant him two hundred dollars, but kept his vow a secret, even from his wife. He had for many years been frequently called to preach funerals, and had gone through summer's heat and winter's cold in response to these calls, usually receiving meagre compensation, frequently none at all; but aft r making this covenant it was , notable fact that he wa more times 7 ^ 1 b"Pr "d DearIy a'WayS reCeiVed — Pensation, some times quite liberal sums. Some money came to him also from other and unexpected sources. er These sums were kept in a secret place until, in the course of time as he went one day to prayer, he thought to count his hoard wtn to his astonishment, he found that it amounted to exact.v two I, dred dollars. He immediately set about the work „ b„ dinTd " a considerable portion of the labor with his own Jd^S the institution. The exceptions have constituted a very small percentage of the whole. One peculiar feature of this school which perhaps ou«ht not to be overlooked in this historical sketch is that it was begun, and has continued to stand, upon the basis of « no respect of persons." Colored pupils have always been ad mitted to its privileges on equal terms with the white This feature being, in the former years especially, a rare one, and obnoxious to many in Southern Ohio, alono- the border between slavery and freedom, where prejudice against color prevailed largely, it was for many years a cause of unpopularity and even odium ; but an unswerving adherence to the principle, for conscience' sake, has in a very large measure overcome the prejudice, and established for the school a solid reputation. A regular and liberal course of academic studies, occupy. ing four years, was adopted some eighteen years ago, and has since been twice revised and enlarged. Nine young gentle men and six young ladies have pursued the whole course and taken diplomas : four of these have also graduated from higher institutions of learning, two attaining the degree of A.M. A large number of undergraduate students of both sexes have also entered various colleges in Ohio and other States, and graduated with honor. In several instances students have come back from those colleges, after a term or two, to prosecute their studies under their old preceptor in the academy. The following institutions have registered students who have pursued, either wholly or in part, their preparatory studies in Clermont Academy : Dennison University, Mari etta College, Wooster University, Antioch College," Oberlin College, Delaware College, Miami University, Ohio Univer sity, Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, Kenyon College, Farmers' College, Lebanon Normal School, Ohio ; Georgetown College, Berea College, Kentucky ; South Han over College, Butler University, Indiana ; Michigan State University, Michigan ; Cornell University, New York ; Newton Centre Theological Seminary, Massachusetts; Princeton Theological Seminary, New Jersey; besides several schools of law and of medicine and commercial col leges. A large portion of these had their desires for a higher course of scholastic training awakened in the academy, and there received their first impulses in that direction. Among those who have gone out from this unostenta tious school may be numbered, so far as known, thirteen ministers of the gospel, twenty-three physicians, surgeons, and dentists, thirty-five lawyers, eleven county officers, seven legislators, seven professors, three judges, two govern ment officials at Washington (one of them for a time pri vate secretary to President Hayes), eight editors, five civil engineers, and one professional chemist, besides hundreds of teachers, and a large number of merchants, druggists, news correspondents, musicians, artists, and hosts of intel ligent farmers and artisans, and army officers not a few. It has always been the constant aim of the principal and his subordinate teachers to secure in their pupils thorough scholarship, rather than to make a display. Earnest atten tion has also been always given to moral and religious in struction as of paramount "importance. Bible study and EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS. 173 devotional exercises are made a part of the daily programme, under the conviction that the highest and purest morality has its foundation in the Christian religion. The principal and his family are members of the Baptist Church, and the new academy is to be put in charge of trustees belonging to that denomination ; but the articles of incorporation expressly provide that the privileges of the school shall be forever accessible to all, without distinction of sex, age, sect, or race. Among the facilities afforded may be mentioned a good library, a reading-room, a cabinet of natural specimens, maps, charts, globes, chemical and philosophical apparatus, and, last but not least, a flourishing literary society, entitled Clermont Lyceum, as old as tbe academy itself. In this are studied and practiced the arts of composition, declama tion, debate, public reading, criticism, editorship, parlia mentary rules, and the various duties of a full corps of officers needed in any organization or any deliberative as sembly. Many interesting and significant facts and incidents might be related in connection with the history of this only -per manent high school in the county, but it would extend this article to too great length. One fact, perhaps, ought not to be omitted, and that is, the young ladies who have been educated iu this school have, on the average, maintained a standing in their classes fully equal to that of the young men, — in many instances above, — while their moral grade has been decidedly higher. RELIGIOUS. Although we have in the United States no religious establishment, we certainly have an established religion, and that religion is Christianity. The existence of Christianity, and its binding force as the religion of the land, is recog nized by the constitutions and the laws of nearly or quite all the States in the Union ; and they all recognize the Old and New Testaments of Scripture as containing the doc trines and precepts of this religion. But here they stop. They do not attempt to define the doctrines which these Scriptures inculcate, or to give preference to any one of the various sects into which Christians are divided. Having established the Bible as the religious charter, individuals are left to interpret it according to the dictates of their own judgments and consciences, provided they do not disturb or interfere with the rights and privileges of others. When all the Western country was a vast howling wil derness, untenanted in many places, except by the savage who roamed over its broad prairies or through its dense forests, or sped his light canoe over the surface of its mighty rivers, the pioneer preacher might have been seen urging his way along the war-path of the Indian, the trail of the hunter, or the blazed track of the backwoodsman, seeking the lost sheep of the house of Israel in these far-off wilds. Before the sun of civilization shone into these vales, or over these prairies, or on these rivers, the herald of the cross, with his messages of mercy, was seen wending his course to the desolate haunts of savage man. The heroic deeds of the pioneer preachers, amid toils, hardships, and privations, in bringing to the cabins of the sturdy settler, as well as the wigwams of the "savage, the blessings and benefits of religion, will be treasured up in memory and recorded upon the page of history, to live as long as gene rations shall be born to read them in future ages. The first church organized in Clermont was in the year 1797, when Francis McCormick, the pioneer preacher, made up a class of eight or ten Methodists near where now is the prosperous town of Milford ; and the next year came Philip Gatch, of hallowed memory, who strength ened and formed the little class into a larger and stronger band of professed communicants. The first meeting-house in Clermont was that used by the "Ten-Mile Baptist Church," and was built at Withamsville in 1802. Tbe second in the county, and the third of that denomination in the State, was the old Hopewell log meeting-house, erected in 1805, about a mile west of Felicity. At its dedication it was blessed with the labors of the beloved pioneer preacher, McKendree, of precious memory, and of William Burke, then presiding elder of the Ohio district, together with the aid of Brothers Amos and Patterson. Elder Burke preached from 2 Corinthians, iii. 18: "But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the spirit of the Lord ;" and McKendree followed with the preceding verse : " Now the Lord is that spirit, and where the spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty." One sole survivor to that dedication and hearer of those eloquent sermons yet tarries on earth in Mrs. Anna Sargent, that same year married, in her nineteenth year, to her cousin, Edward Sargent. " The anointing of the Holy Spirit appeared to be upon that pioneer congregation at the dedi cation of its rustic temple ; the power of God was present to heal, the slain of the Lord were many, and the cry of the wounded and the shout of them that were made whole was heard afar off." Those were the happiest days of the pioneer ministers, — log cabins to preach in, puncheon floors to sleep on, corn-bread and milk to eat, a constant succession of kind friends to make welcome, and the love of God in their souls, a home high up in heaven in prospect, and the blessed promise of " Lo ! I am with you always, even unto the end of the world," gave their minds a most pleasing variety, and caused their time to pass away most agreeably. The round and hewed log and frame churches which were early erected and dedicated to the worship of God answered the purpose for which they were built, and were suited to the times. Some of these yet stand as mementoes of the past, and though they may be unoccupied or devoted to other purposes, or have fallen into decay and no longer resound with the clear, full voice of the early pioneer itin erant, or echo the sound of praise and prayer, still their memory is endearing, and a thousand hallowed associations gather around their fallen timbers and dilapidated walls. Rev. Henry Smith was one of the earliest preachers in Clermont, and in 1799 was sent to the Miami Circuit to take the place of Rev. Lewis Hunt, broken down by sick ness and exposure ; but finding preacher Hunt recovered sufficiently to go on with his work, Rev. Smith's instruc tions were to go up the Scioto and form a circuit there. On September 18th he left brother Hunt, and returned to Rev. Francis McCormick's, and on Sunday, the 22d, he heard for the first time Rev. Philip Gatch preach, who, 174 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Smith says, was truly a fine sample of primitive Methodist preachers, — simple, plain, and powerful, his reliance for suc cess appearing to be wholly upon power from above ; and he found him a meek-spirited, agreeable old man, always will ing to give counsel when asked, but never intruding it. On the 24th Smith pursued his journey up the Ohio River, and put up with James Sargent (just back of Chilo), an old Maryland Methodist friend, who received and treated him with exceeding great kindness and hospitality, and here he left two appointments for his next round. Fortunate for Clermont County was it to have two such Christian gentle men of rare intelligence and staunch anti-slavery ideas as Philip Gatch and James Sargent as its members of the Con stitutional Convention in 1802. Before any meeting-houses were built, and even when there were a few, meetings were generally held at the houses of some devoted brothers, in barns or sheds, and in the summer season always in the woods ; hence arose in early days the grand and historical old-fashioned " camp- meetings," attended by thousands, old and young, from one to thirty miles around, and where the conversions were by hundreds, and the grace of God was made manifest in reclaim ing sinners for whose repentance loving mothers had prayed for years. The old camp-meeting grounds at Gregg's, Teal's, Williamsburgh, Shiloh, and other places have a rich his tory, rich in religious reminiscences of personal experience, but richer in developing a zeal and love for Christian grace and strengthening the foundations of the noble Christian work begun and carried on 'fourscore years ago by the early Clermont fathers and mothers in Israel. The oldest Meth odists, Presbyterians, and Baptists in the whole valley of the Mississippi are found in Clermont. Here are men and women, many of them, who have gone to hear circuit preaching, to class- and prayer-meeting, for fifty, sixty, and seventy years, and who have an estimate of religion and of its power to sustain the same as they had when, in the woods and in the cabin, the Spirit from above first whis pered, " Thy sins, which are many, are all forgiven thee." The most memorable and spiritually successful meeting ever held at Gregg's camp-ground, near Moscow, was in the year 1858, when there were present a large number of pioneer Methodist worthies. Among them was Geom-e Gregg, then in his sixty-ninth year ; Obadiah Winans, in his seventy-fourth ; Peter Fisher, in his seventieth ; Robert Brown, in his eightieth; Christopher Armacost, in his ninetieth; Rev. John Meek, in his seventy-eighth, and actively preaching ; and Rev. William J. Thompson, over ninety-one years old, but who at that meeting preached a good discourse, and who had no quiver on his lips or his hands, and who walked as sprightly as a man of fifty. He was born in 1767, came to Ohio in 1808, preached seventy- two years, and died at his residence near Point Isabel, in January, 1862. The pioneer preachers were singularly gifted men, of powerful eloquence and robust frames, and among them who labored or preached in Clermont were Francis McCormick, Lewis Hunt, Henry Smith, Philip Gatch, William J. Thompson, William Burke, John Kob- ler, Benjamiu Lakin (home at Point Pleasant), John Sale, John Collins (home in Clermont, near the Old Bethel Chapel, midway between Bethel and Batavia), Lei earner Blackman, John Strange, William H. Raper (home in the county), George W. Maley, Bishop Bascom, George C. Light, the eloquent Christie, and others of radiant remem brance. Lorenzo Dow several times visited the county and preached to vast congregations at Milford, New Richmond Point Pleasant, and at the site df what is now Batavia Bishop Asbury spent several months with Philip Gatch and preached at Milford, and at several other points in the county, at the houses of the faithful. The different churches and organizations of professed Christians are well represented in the county, but the Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians are the strongest numerically. A full account of each church is given at an appropriate place in the several township histories and further mention is here omitted to. avoid repetition. The stronghold the cause of Christianity so early secured in the county, and which it has ever since so nobly main tained, was largely due to the devotion of our noble pio neers, and especially the mothers, whose zeal, courage, and self-sacrificing love for the sacred cause afford us specimens of moral sublimity greater than was ever witnessed in the heroic age of olden times. History will be searched in vain to find examples of better Christian women than lived in Clermont at an early day, and their teachings prompt their posterity to be as devoted as they were zealous in the observance of the principles of the Scriptures, which will ever properly direct them in the performance of their duties. CLERMONT COUNTY SABBATH-SCHOOL UNION. This organization was perfected in the year 1867, and its object is to unite all evangelical Christians in the county in earnest efforts to promote the cause of Sabbath-schools, in co-operation with the State Sabbath-School Union, en couraging and aiding in the establishing of new schools where they may be needed, and awakening an increased interest and efficiency in Sabbath-school work generally. The conventions of this union have been held on the fourth Thursday of May, every year, at different towns, and con tinued in two days' sessions. At its annual meetings, at tended largely by clergymen, Sunday-school officers, and teachers, as well as Sabbath-school scholars and others in terested in the noble cause, the exercises consist of sermons, lectures, discussions, criticisms, reports from all the schools in the county, singing and music, interspersed with im promptu speeches and felicitous talks. The officers for 1879 were: President, John R. Woodlief; Secretary, Carter M. Riggs; with the following townships: Vice-Presidents, Batavia, Dr. L. W. Bishop ; Williamsburgh, George B. Beacham; Franklin, John II. Higgins; Ohio, Edwin House; Jackson, IL Wilson; Pierce, Mrs. A. P. Felter; Union, N. S. Fisher; Tate, Rev. G. W. Fee; Goshen, Marion Myers ; Miami, Rev. S. Bennett. The convention met at Felicity, May 22d, and the opening address of its able president, John R. Woodlief, reviewed its origin in 1867 (when it was organized, with Charles H. Kain as its first president) and its successful advancement and progress up to that time. The following number of schools were reported in each township : Batavia, 7 ; Franklin, 1 1 ; Goshen, 7 ; Jackson, DISTINGUISHED MEN. 175 7 ; Miami, 3 ; Monroe, 6 ; Ohio, 6 ; Pierce, 5 ; Stonelick, 2 ; Tate, 9 ; Union, 7 ; Washington, 7 ; Williamsburgh, 3 ; total in the county, 83. Number under tbe control of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 38 ; Presbyterian, 10 ; Bap tist, 7; Christian, 12; Universalist, 1; Wesleyan, 1; United Brethren, 2 ; union schools, 9 ; unreported denom ination, 2. Number of scholars enrolled in county, 6514; and average attendance, 4293. Number of officers and teachers, 1027 ; conversions, 258 ; volumes in libraries, 6160 ; schools that take papers, 60 ; that use the black board, 35 ; that take the " Lesson Helps," 74 ; that hold teachers' meetings, 29 ; and amount of school collections, $1684.04. The following are the officers for 1880 : President, Prof. J. A. I. Lowes ; Secretary, Rev. George W. Fee ; Treas urer, Horace Beck ; Township Vice-Presidents, Batavia, M. Jamieson; Franklin, John Walker; Goshen, S. W. Shane; Jackson, H. McNutt; Miami, F. B. Clark; Mon roe, D. H. Nichols ; Ohio, James Hill ; Pierce, Mrs. A. P. Felter ; Stonelick, Abram Hulick ; Tate, W. A. Lock- wood ; Union, George Brooks; Washington, Joseph Mar riott ; Wayne, B. F. Clark ; and Williamsburgh, E. B. Holmes ; Executive Committee, William Pease, of Bata via, Marion Myers, of Goshen, and Samuel VV. McKinney, of Chilo. The convention last year was held at Bethel, and its proceedings were unusually interesting and produc tive of great good in the Lord's vineyard. It would be impossible to speak in the terms of praise of what the zeal and earnestness of the workers in this union demand. As early impressions are the most lasting, these laborers in the cause are implanting in the minds of their pupils the great truths as given in the Sacred Word, and in a manner and method to give them powerful force, and therefore a most happy effect. CHAPTER XIX. DISTINGUISHED MEN OF CLEBMOUT COUNTY. I.— PIONEERS. COL. THOMAS PAXTON. The first house erected between the Little Miami and Scioto Rivers was built early in the spring of 1795, by Col. Thomas Paxton, the first permanent settler in Clermont, and who was the first white man to raise a field of corn in the Virginia Military Reservation, comprising the lands . between these two historical streams. Born in Penn sylvania, during the stormy and troublous times of the In dian and French wars, he removedto Kentucky, where he took an active part in frontier fights with and expeditions " against the savages, then in arms and on the war-path. In the spring of 1794, Gen. Anthony Wayne assembled an army at Greenville of some two thousand regulars and fifteen hundred Kentucky volunteers, to march against the Indians, conquer peace, and give quiet to the Territory, then over run by the merciless red men. Of this army, the finest ever raised to subdue the savages, Col. Thomas Paxton was the bold and brave commander of the advance-guard, specially selected for this perilous and responsible position by the old hero of Stony Point, the general commanding this famous expedition, as the best officer for this dangerous and impor tant post. The march of the army began on July 28th, and on August 20th the great battle was fought on the bank of the Maumee River, at and around a hill called Presque Isle, in Lucas Co., Ohio, and resulted in a dis astrous defeat to the Indians and their allies and a glorious victory for the Americans, and has passed into history as the " Battle of Fallen Timbers." Gen. " Mad Anthony Wayne" was a man of most ardent impulses, and in the heat of action apt to forget that he was the general, not the soldier. When the attack on the Indians, who were con cealed behind the fallen timbers, was commenced by ordering the regulars up, Col. Thomas Paxton addressed his superior and commander : " Gen. Wayne, I am afraid you will get into tbe fight yourself, and forget to give me the necessary orders." " Perhaps I may," replied Wayne ; " and if I do, recollect the standing order for the day is ' charge the damned rascals with the bayonet.' " Gen. Wayne, having a bold, vigilant, and dexterous foe to contend with, found it indispensably necessary to use the utmost vigilance and caution in his movements, to guard against surprise, and to secure his army against the possi bility of being ambuscaded. He employed a number of the best woodsmen the frontier afforded as spies, who were formed into divisions and corps, two of them commanded by those bold and intrepid soldiers, Capts. Ephraim Kibby and William Wells, but all attached to and under command of that bold warrior, Col. Thomas Paxton, commander of the advance-guard. Col. Paxton, as a result of this expedition into Ohio, got a glimpse and knowledge of its- fertile lands and beautiful country, and was particularly enamored of the rich bottoms and upland fields of the Little Miami River. On his return to Kentucky, finding the title to his large tract of land, embracing part of the present city of Covins- ton, Ky., and extending back far into the country, to be defective, he was given lands in exchange in the then North west Territory, and in the following spring (1795) returned to Ohio with his entire family and settled in Miami town ship. The house be put up — a comfortable double log cabin — was many years ago destroyed by fire, but the many romantic incidents connected with the history of the old pile of logs and mud still retains a sacred place in the memories of his descendants. But the old well, with its moss-covered curb and sparkling water, is still in a good state of preserva tion. The woods were then a wilderness, inhabited by wild beasts and frequented by various parties of Indians, who passed over the Indian trace leading by " Three Islands," over the site now occupied by the great railroad town, Loveland. During the lifetime of Col. Thomas Paxton, both here, in Kentucky and in Pennsylvania, he had several scrim mages with the Indians, and one time, while on a deer- hunt below Milford, on the Little Miami, made a very narrow escape with his life. Col. Paxton was twice married. By his first wife he bad six children, — Robert, who never removed from Kentucky, and five daughters, of whom four were married, respec tively, to Col. John Ramsey (father of Col. William Bam- 176 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. sey, who laid out Loveland) ; Owen Todd (a justice of the peace in Hamilton County before the erection of Clermont, in which he was the first justice, and presiding justice of the Territorial Court of General Quarter Sessions from February, 1801, to December, 1803) ; James Smith ; and Silas Hutchinson. By his second wife (Martha) he had two sons— Thomas (father of Col. Thomas B. Paxton, the eminent Cincinnati lawyer) aud Samuel, now living at his elegant homestead, reclaimed from the woods in 1795 and 1796, at the advanced age of nearly ninety years — and four daughters, married, respectively, to Robert Orr, David Snider, Samuel S. Jack, and John Donnels. Thus, of the first settler in Clermont eight of his daughters and two of his sons reared large families and settled around him in pleasant homes, and achieved social and public prominence, making their locality one of the choicest garden-spots in Ohio for fertility ; and to this day the name of Paxton, in Clermont, is associated with commodious residences, un- equaled orchards of choicest fruits, and gardens and green houses containing every variety of plants and flowers. In horticulture and floriculture the Paxtons have been so ex tensively and successfully engaged that they have achieved a reputation co-extensive with the bounds of the State. The venerable Samuel Paxton, before alluded to, made several trips to New Orleans, sometimes bringing back his money at great risk and trouble. On one occasion he realized for his products seven thousand dollars in silver, and often he had to return on foot through the wilderness and across the Indian country at the greatest peril, as he had his money in a leather belt strapped around his waist. A few years subsequent to Col. Paxton's settlement im migrants began to arrive, and in 1806 a number came from New Jersey under very inauspicious circumstances, for that was the year of the great drought, and from May 4th to Aug. 22d no rain fell to moisten the ground, and at " Three Islands," opposite the Obannon, the Little Miami was so low as to be readily forded. The same year witnessed the great eclipse, which occasioned more alarm than would be caused by a visitation of the plague at the present time ; and during the darkest moments of the eclipse objects in the houses were invisible. Iu the early history of the Paxton settlement witchcraft was a popular delusion, and cows, it was said, would die very mysteriously and sud denly, and as mysteriously be restored to life again by tbe witch doctor, who, after performing certain incantations, would rub the hide of the animal with a silver dollar till he found a protuberance under the skin, which was under stood to be the elf spot, and once extracted the animal would immediately recover. Often sundry indispensable articles of furniture or implements of husbandry would o-et bewitched, so that they would fail to be of any service. Col. Paxton was not exempt from the trouble. At such times his rifle would fail for days to bring down sufficient game" for the family. So, provoked and alarmed, he would send a messenger for the weird doctor, and should that useful member of the commonwealth fail to come forthwith and answer the call, a swift messenger, laden with a fearful oath and a worse threat, to be executed by bewitched weapons, would promptly bring him to time. Furnished with a bottle of whisky from the Paxton cellar, doctor and hunter would proceed to the woods, where incantations and good whisky would perform the miraculous cure and break the witches' spell. Col. Paxton bought fifteen hundred acres of land where he settled, by title bond, just before he moved on to his pos sessions, but for which he got in 1802 (the five-hundred- acre tract) and in 1811 (the one-thousand-acre piece) deeds of warranty, the first from Gen. Lytle and the latter from William Daniels. In 1802 he bought of the general the Campbell survey tract of two hundred and fifty acres, in Goshen township, and shortly after purchased three lots in Williamsburgh, Johnson's Survey, No. 1774 in Batavia, and afterwards owned numerous other tracts of land, and before his death was reputed very wealthy. He died in 1813, and his personal property inventoried thir teen hundred and forty-seven dollars and ninety-two cents an immense sum in those days. Among the articles of the personal inventory were a pair of silver shoe-buckles, relics of the Revolutionary age, a rifle-gun (in the use of which Col. Paxton was hard to excel), with powder-horn and bullet moulds, and a gold and silver watch. Col. Paxton was a man of wonderful nerve and coolness, of stern, inflexible honesty, and of Spartan independence in thought and action, and though possessed of the old-time notions about supernatural matters (in vogue on the fron tier till after the present century came in), he was just the man in spirit and physique for a hardy pioneer, and was singularly gifted in sound judgment in his selections of lands, and thereby located in the very pristine paradise of the county, so far as generous fertility of soil and beautiful scenery and salubrity of climate were concerned. As the first actual settler in Clermont, this brave old Indian-fighter made a most honorable record in life, and left an impress by his acts and in his large number of worthy descendants that will live as long as the story of Clermont's first settle ment remains on the annals of its history. ISAAC FERGUSON. The ancestors of Isaac Ferguson emigrated to America from Ireland early in the eighteenth century, and were of the bouse of Fergus. His father, Thomas Ferguson, was an early settler on the Monongahela River, eighteen miles above the French Fort Duquesne, one of the first lodgments of civilized life west of the Alleghenies. The great valley of the Mississippi was first explored by the French, who in 1730, or near that year, built a line of forts from New Or leans to Quebec, and ascending the Ohio, erecting one at the head of that river, where Pittsburgh now is, which re ceived the above name. The English colonists along the Atlantic coast wore jealous of the encroachments of the French upon what they regarded as their territory, and formed an association called the " Ohio Company," com posed of Virginia and English merchants, whose object it was to trade with the Indians for furs. The company ob tained a grant of six hundred thousand acres of land on the river Ohio, and when it came to possess it they found among the persons residing there Thomas Ferguson. Later he was in their employ and engaged in their trading expe ditions. As they lived so remote from the settlements, Ferguson and his neighbors were compelled to procure their DISTINGUISHED MEN. 177 " store goods," such as nails, wares, kitchen utensils, etc. (calicoes and other species of dry goods were then un known), at Philadelphia or Baltimore, and convey them across the mountains on pack-horses, as no roads had yet been built. In this enterprise engaged Isaac and Henry Ferguson (sons of Thomas), who, with a number of pack- horses, proceeded to Baltimore, at that time the great mart for supplying the outposts of civilization. Each horse had a bell on him, and every evening they were gathered to gether and relieved of their burden. The way led through dense wildernesses and across streams which had to be swum ; Indians had to be braved and wild beasts faced, and all sorts of adventures had to be met ; but these two courageous young men made seventy-two trips in all, sup plying their neighbors with such things as could be pro cured only in this manner. The Governor of Canada, in turn, becoming jealous of the English settlements, ordered its traders to be seized and opened communications between Lake Erie and Fort Du quesne. Along this line he stationed troops and built for tifications, being determined to break up the trade of the " Ohio Company" and hold the country. These were among the prefatory events which led to the " French and Indian war," or those long years of hostilities between the French and British which were fanned into open rupture in 1756, when war was actually begun. In this struggle Thomas Ferguson was a brave soldier, and was with Wash ington (at that time a colonel at the age of twenty-two) at the " Great Meadows," in the attack by the French and Indians, where the battle lasted from eleven in the forenoon until eight in the evening. Overpowered and outnumbered, with ammunition exhausted, the English were surrendered to the French commander, Count De Villiers, who allowed them to return to their homes. Thomas Ferguson was also one of the Monongahela set tlers who participated in the historical battle which led to the defeat of Gen. Braddock, July 9, 1756, and had three bullet-holes in his clothes, his hair badly singed, and his powder-horn shot to pieces. In the Revolutionary war Isaac Ferguson served under Washington in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and fought gallantly at Brandywine, Princeton, Germantown, and other hotly-contested battles for independence. Soon after the close of the Revolutionary war Isaac Ferguson moved with his family westward, and in 1784 located for a time at Limestone (now Maysville), Ky. The boat in which he and his family and some other immi grants descended the Ohio was an old-time pirogue, which the wily savages frequently attempted to capture and daily fired into. It was a common thing for the Indians to com pel white prisoners whom they had captured to go down to the bank of the river and hail passing boats, telling tales of woe and uttering tearful entreaties to be taken aboard. Many a boat was thus unsuspectingly allured to the shore, plundered, and its passengers tomahawked and scalped. Then, again, very frequently persons in real distress and suffering asking for relief at the hands of the descending boats had to be unwillingly passed by, owing to the prox imity of the Indians or fear of capture. In 1791, Isaac Ferguson was one of the little band of 23 settlers about Limestone and Washington, Ky., who, under Kenton. and Downing, crossed the Ohio, tracked the In dians with their stolen horses to the east fork, between Williamsburgh and Marathon, and there had a severe night- battle, as is elsewhere in this book narrated. In 1795 he settled on the Kentucky shore of the Ohio River, about fifteen miles above Cincinnati, where he lived but a year, coming to the then Northwest Territory in the spring of 1796. He located on a fine tract of land several miles be low' New Richmond, in the present county of Clermont, where he established and kept in operation many years what was widely known as "Ferguson's Ferry," the first in that part of the State and in its day a famous crossing-place. He died on the farm he had opened to civilization in 1818, leaving a wife, seven sons, and five daughters. He was a noble pioneer, of a hardy stock, and of lineage reared among the civil wars of Great Britain, which were so in tense at times that they threatened to blot out that now prosperous kingdom. Isaac Ferguson as a boy saw the colonists fighting the savage Indians and their mercenary French allies ; as a young man he participated most hon orably in the struggle for the independence of the Ameri can colonies; in ripe manhood he was a pioneer in Ken tucky ; and in his later years one of the very earliest settlers of Clermont, where his last days of a long and eventful life were ended, at a ripe age, which had been full of checkered adventures, but untarnished in honor and character. Isaiah Ferguson, a son of Isaac, was born in 1777, near Brownsville, Pa., and came with his father to Clermont. He nobly aided in reclaiming our county from its primeval condition and making it one of the garden-spots of Ohio. In the war of 1812, in response to the call for volunteers to protect the frontiers against the incursions of the Indi ans, he was thrice enrolled as a soldier, serving part of the time as a major. After the memorable siege of Fort Meigs by the British under Gen. Procter and the Indians under the famous chieftain Tecumseh, and its gallant and successful defense by the Kentucky and Ohio troops, March 4, 1813, Gen. Harrison left for the interior of the State to organize new levies, intrusting the command of the fort to Gen. Green Clay. Again, on tbe 25th of June, the com bined forces of the enemy invested the fort, but, like the first time, they were as signally defeated and retired for good. Maj. Isaiah Ferguson fought gallantly at both sieges, and after the second one was raised he was ap pointed commander of the fort, holding that position for quite a period of time. To relieve the tedium of camp life the soldiers at Fort Meigs frequently beguiled their time by singing patriotic songs. Among the papers left by Maj. Isaiah Ferguson we find some of these, one verse of which indicates its gen eral character. " Freemen ! no longer bear such slaughter, Avenge your country's cruel woe; Arouse, and save your wives and daughters, Arouse, and expel the faithless foe ! Chorus. — " Scalps are bought at stated prices, Maiden pays the price in gold." Maiden was a Canadian town where the British militia were fitted out and the enemy's stores housed, and it was 178 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. currently reported that a reward was there paid for the scalps of the American soldiery. In 1805, Major Isaiah Ferguson settled in what is now Pierce township, where he lived until the time of his death, in 1852, at the good old age of seventy -five years. We close this sketch with a brief notice of a Ferguson of still a later generation. Major Ira Ferguson, son of Isaiah, grandson of Isaac, and great-grandson of the old soldier, Thomas, was born at the Ferguson homestead, in Pierce, in 1818, the same year that his grandfather died. For many years he was a colonel of the State militia, and at the breaking out of the Rebellion he went into the Union army, rendering gallant service as an officer for about a year, when his health compelled him to resign. In 1871 be was elected to the Assembly of Ohio as the representa tive from Clermont, and in 1879 was honored with a simi lar election, sharing with Dr. L. W. Bishop the office of rep resentative from Clermont County. Like his ancestors on both sides, his life has been characterized by fidelity to duty, and he unswervingly maintains what he considers the right, to the great satisfaction of bis constituents. CORNELIUS WASHBURN. The Washburn family originally lived in New Jersey, and there, in the year 1774, the subject of this sketch was born. Six years later his father, Jeremiah Washburn, migrated to the Redstone country, in Pennsylvania, and in 1789, with several uncles, moved to Limestone, Ky., which at that time was one of the extreme frontier settlements. Here they became noted for their courage and activity in the various conflicts with the Indians, so common at that time ; and here, too, our young hero first gave evidence of possessing the qualities which in after-life would distinguish him as a frontiersman. " Neil from his early years showed a disposition to follow the woods," and when but nine years of age he passed his time setting snares' for pheasants and wild animals. Shortly after, his father purchased him a shot-gun, in the use of which the boy soon excelled. Like Kenton and Wetzell, he killed his first Indian at the early age of sixteen, under the following circumstances: His father, who at that time resided near Washington, in Mason Co., Ky., a few miles south of Maysville, being out of provisions, crossed the Ohio River, with Neil, in a canoe to hunt deer at a lick near the mouth of Eagle Creek, near the present Adams County liue. On entering the creek from the river they heard a peculiar backing noise some distance up the bank. Neil having been placed ashore, cautiously advanced, with gun in hand, towards the place from whence the noise proceeded, when he saw an Indian about twenty feet up a hickory-tree, cutting off the bark with his tomahawk to make a canoe. The moment the daring and intrepid boy saw the Indian he brought his gun to his shoulder, and taking deliberate aim fired, and the red-skiu fell dead to the earth. Thinking that there might be other Indians in the neighborhood, he and his father beat a hasty retreat, recrossing to the Kentucky shore, and communicated the information to the neighbors. As they did not fully credit the story, the next morning Neil guided a party of men to the spot, where, sure enough, at the foot of the tree lay the dead Indian, who had never moved from where he had fallen, a bullet having passed entirely through his body. Neil took the Indian's scalp and showed it many days to his friends, who bestowed presents on him for his bravery. This adventure produced a marked change in his life, and his manners and habits were soon after almost transformed. His step became as light and as stealthy as a cat's, and his rifle was his inseparable companion. Not long after, Neil bad another opportunity to eno-a<»e the wily Indian and show his skill in beating the cunnin" of the red man. For many weeks an Indian, by imitating the gobble of a turkey on the Ohio side, had decoyed Ken tucky hunters across tbe river and killed them. But Neil was too sharp a woodsman not to know that a turkey did not gobble in July, so having heard the noise one day he at once made up his mind that it was produced by the In dian, and resolved to cross over and kill him. Waitin<* until night had well advanced with its darkness, he silently crossed the stream a short distance below where he had heard the noise, and cautiously crawled to a place to con ceal himself, where he would lie until the next morning. when he supposed the Indian would again begin his gob bling. He had not advanced far when he heard a noise issuing from behind a log not far from him. He soon saw the Indian's head slightly raised above a log behind winch be lay concealed and again commence to gobble. At that instant Neil fired, killing him at once. Taking the Indian's scalp he returned to his Kentucky home, which he reached before bis friends knew of his absence. The Indian he had killed proved to be a daring warrior, who had killed no less than twelve whites in that many weeks. In 1791 the Indians became very troublesome, crossing the Ohio between Blaysville and the Little Miami to steal horses and murder the Kentuckians. To watch their movements and give the whites warning of the approach of their savage foe required great caution and courage on the part of the spy. Yet Neil Washburn, though but seven teen years of age, was selected for this perilous and respon sible position, which he filled to the safety of the whites and the terror of the Indians. Once while thus employed he gave them a terrible example of his tkill. At the mouth of Bullskin, in Clermont County, he made a sudden attack on au Indian camp of five warriors and killed all but one without receiving a wound. This daring act gave him a still greater reputation as an Indian fighter and caused him to be selected, in the spring of 1792, as the government spy to patrol the country be tween the Great Kanawha and Maysville. Although Gen. Lee had selected some other men to engage with Washburn in this perilous enterprise, none but he had the courage to go out and warn single boats not to descend the river. He was provided with a good horse and well armed, and met with no adventure until after crossing the Big Sandy. He swam that stream and had proceeded about a mile, when he was suddenly fired upon by a party of Indians in ambush. His horse fell dead, and with a yell of triumph the sav ages sprang forward to capture the spy. But Washburn was unhurt, and fleeing like a deer evaded his pursuers as be made his way back to the Big Sandy. He plunged into the stream and swam across it, holding his rifle and ammur nition above his head. Panting from exertion, he rested DISTINGUISHED MEN. 179 for a moment on the opposite bauk, when the Indians, whooping and yelling, appeared in pursuit. Neil took aim with his trusty rifle and killed one of the Indians, then ran down the river. The Indians pursued so closely that he was obliged to strike inland to evade them, and after much effort arrived safe at Maysville. The same year he was en gaged with Kenton and others at the battle of Grassy Run (an account of which is elsewhere given in. this book), and again displayed great daring. Twenty-five years after this battle Washburn found Mclntyre's gun, which he saw him place against a tree while he was cooking his supper. The stock was almost gone and had sunk several inches into the earth. Not long after the above battle Neil Washburn encoun tered two Indians on horseback near the mouth of the Bullskin, one of whom was riding a short distance in ad vance of the other. He fired at him, and succeeded in killing him without alarming the other Indian, who was also killed when he came up, and both horses were taken by Neil to Kentucky. About the same time an Indian crossed the Ohio, and stealing six horses in Kentucky, had almost reached the river on his northward way when he was overtaken by Washburn and two others. The Indian had plaited the tails of the front horses into the foretops of the ones in the rear, and was taking them along without any trouble. They fired on the Indian, who shot at Neil, and almost disabled him before he was killed and the horses recovered. While acting as a spy in the summer of 1793 he dis covered where about twenty Indians had crossed the Ohio and sunk their canoes at the mouth of Holt Creek. He immediately notified Simon Kenton, who soon raised a body of choice men, with himself and Washburn at their head. They crossed into Ohio at Maysville, and proceeded down the river till they were opposite Holt Creek. Here they con cealed themselves, and after watching four days, some of the Indians arrived with a number of stolen horses, which they commenced to swim to the Ohio shore, at the same time crossing over in one of the canoes. As soon as the boat touched the shore Kenton and his party fired, killing all the Indians, but saving the life of a white man who was with them. Going down to the canoe the white man at tempted to shoot Kenton, when the latter gave orders that he, too, be killed. Three or four hours later another party of Indians came from Kentucky and crossed as did the first body of Indians, when Kenton's party again fired and killed all of them. In the evening the remainder of the Indians approached and commenced hooting like owls, but receiving no response from the Ohio side, and suspecting an ambus cade, reconnoitred until they found that it would not be safe to cross there. They beat a hasty retreat just as a company of Bourbon County militia came up in pursuit of them. These were among the last Indians that crossed into Ken tucky from Ohio for warlike purposes. After this occurrence Neil Washburn continued to act as a spy until Wayne's expedition was set on foot, when he joined Kenton's.battalion and acted as a scout in the march to Fort Recovery. He participated in the battle of Fallen Timbers, fighting in the advance line, and it is said that lie killed thirteen Indians in that engagement. After the treaty of Greenville Washburn made his home with his father, at Manchester, in Adams County, where he bad settled in the spring of 1792. He now spent most of his time hunting and trapping until the war of 1812, in which he was at the head of a company of rangers in Gen. Hull's command. In the war he rendered good service, and re ceived the thanks of Gen. Harrison for the part he took at the siege of Fort Meigs. On one occasion he came near losing his life. While on an expedition to learn the strength of the enemy, his command was led into an ambush, and had it not been for the timely aid rendered by Jacob Ulrey, who arrived at this moment, many would have been killed. Washburn received a wound over the eye, and Ulrey had a horse shot under him. In 1815, Cornelius Washburn moved to Williamsburgh township, where he resided until 1833, but most of the time he was engaged in trapping along the rivers of the Southwest. In the fall of 1833 he accepted a position as a hunter and scout for a fur-trading and trapping com pany on the Yellowstone, where he was killed in March of the following year, it is supposed by the Indians, under the following circumstances : The trappers were divided into two companies, of one of which Neil Washburn was the commander. At tbe close of the season the men di vided into small parties and proceeded in that manner to a general point of rendezvous. Neil Washburn and two others decided to take passage by water, while the rest of the men went overland, where they arrived safe, and waited five days before they had any tidings concerning Washburn and his companions. On the morning of the fifth day an Indian rode into camp with some trappings on his pony which were recognized as having belonged to Washburn, and another Indian appeared clothed in garments which belonged to one of his companions, which left but little doubt as to the fate of the unfortunate men ; and as the country was infested by hostile Indians, the trappers were obliged to leave without learning anything more definite about the matter. In personal appearance, Neil Washburn was more than six feet in height, with broad shoulders and a very sym metrical body, although his hands and feet were small. He was active and powerful, and it is said that his physical ap pearance was strikingly like that of Cortez. His dress was the common garb of the true woodsman, and his feet were never encased in anything but moccasins, which gave his step a light and cautious tread. His speech was low, his hearing remarkably acute, and, in general, all those facul ties which characterize men of his stamp were developed to an unusual extent, and he was a thorough master of every species of Indian tactics. He was one of the last of that class of men — like Boone, Kenton, Beasley, and Wetzel — who appear to have been specially raised up to make the settlement of the great West possible, by protecting the pioneers as they extended the way of civilization towards the setting sun, and the story of their valor and manly deeds will always be gladly read as long as the love for the heroic exists. ADAM BRICKER was to a large extent a contemporary of Cornelius Wash burn, and, like him, was nurtured in the ways of frontier life 180 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. from his infancy to his manhood. He was born at the old Redstone Fort (now Brownsville, Pa.), and was the son of German parents, who were massacred by the Indians, who made an incursion in that country when Adam was but eight years of age. None of the whites escaped, and had not Adam and a younger brother been away from home they, too, would have met a cruel death. The two orphan children were taken in charge by an uncle, with whom Adam lived until he was fourteen years of age, when, being strongly imbued witb a military spirit, he enlisted in a company of soldiers which was stationed at Fort Redstone. They remained there about a year, young Adam being engaged most of the time as a hunter for the garrison, a position of honor for one so young. In 1785 the soldiers were sent to Pittsburgh, where they remained about two years. In that time young Bricker was connected with several expeditions against the Indians, and displayed so much courage and coolness in battle that he won the ad miration of his comrades. In 1787 we find Bricker and his company at Fort Law rence, and two years later at Fort Harmar (now Marietta). From thence the soldiers were sent down the rive"r to Fort Washington (now Cincinnati), and later to the falls of the Ohio, where Adam Bricker's term of enlistment expired. When St. Clair recruited men for his ill-fated expedition at Pittsburgh, Bricker again enrolled himself as a soldier, and on account of his courage and pioneer experience was assigned a place in the van of the army. This place he kept until two days before St. Glair's defeat, when he and some comrades were detailed to return and bring up a convoy of provisions and some stragglers of the army. Failing in their mission they returned to their regiment, and were with it at Fort Jefferson at the time of the battle. After the defeat Bricker's company proceeded to the Ohio River, and was at Louisville until after Wayne's victory in 1794. In December of that year they were ordered to Pitts burgh, and in the early part of 1795 they were engaged in suppressing the whisky rebellion in Western Pennsylvania. Having now been connected with the regular army more than ten years, Adam Bricker decided to cast his lot among the settlers who were pushing their way to the Miami country in Southern Ohio, and went to Columbia in the fall of 1795. Here he connected himself with Gen. Wil liam Lytle's surveying-party, and went with it to lay out Williamsburgh, in Clermont County, serving as a hunter for the surveyors. While thus engaged, one day, watching for deer at a lick in what is now Perry township, in Brown Couuty, he discovered an Indian with a bridle on his arm, which he doubtless intended to put on the first horse he could steal. Adam, who was concealed behind a log, cocked his gun, and was on the point of firing, when suddenly the Indian made a movement, which the wily frontiersman in terpreted as a lookout for his companions, and lay as quietly as possible until the Indian had passed by, when Bricker beat a hasty retreat and reached the surveyors in safety. In 1796 he built a small cabin at Williamsburgh, and followed a hunter's life until 1805, when he married Re becca Hartman, a woman of more than ordinary ability and thenceforth applied himself to the work of openino- a farm ; but having been a soldier and hunter so long, he felt it hard to be satisfied unless he had a gun on his shoulder. Even at the age of seventy he spent much of his time in the woods hunting, and often expressed a regret that the Indian wars were over. In company with Adam Snider and Cornelius Washburn he spent two months of the win ter of 1804-5 searching for Lydia Osborne, who had been lost the previous July, traveling more than five hundred miles among the Indians of the northern part of the State, and subsisting on wild berries and game. In 1806, while hunting on the Stonelick, near where is now the residence of John Barnacle, he discovered an enormous black bear on an old ash-tree, which was covered with a blue-grape vine, on the berries of which the bear was feasting. To shoot the bear was but the work of a moment, and almost as quickly the monster fell to the ground. Adam, thinking that the bear was dead, ventured too close, and soon found himself in the grasp of the wounded animal, who embraced him with a terrible force. After a short struggle Bricker drew his hunting-knife and plunged it into the heart of the bear with such effect that he soon found himself free and unhurt, save a few scratches. A few years after this en counter he killed a very huge panther near Williamsburgh, He had been imitating the cries of a fawn to decoy the doe, but to his astonishment was confronted by a fero cious panther instead of a deer. The bloodthirsty animal had stealthfully crouched near him, and it required quick action to save himself from being torn to pieces. He fired and the panther fell dead. It measured eight feet in length, and is said to have been the last one killed in Cler mont County. The closing years of Adam Bricker's life were spent on his farm a few miles south of Williamsburgh, where he died Aug. 31, 1843, at the age of eighty years, ten months, and twenty-five days. He was a man of small stature, but had great powers of endurance, often walking to Cin cinnati and returning the same day. JACOB ULREY was a contemporary of Cornelius Washburn, Adam Bricker, and other pioneers of noted courage and bravery. He was a native of Maryland, but was of German parentage, and until he was twelve years of age Jacob could speak no word of the English. From Maryland his parents moved to Wash ington Co., Pa., and when he was fifteen years of age he became the owner of a rifle, in the use of which he soon became an adept, and at eighteen he had a reputation ex tending through all the country as a skillful hunter. At twenty he married, and in 1794 started with others to Ken tucky, and after a perilous voyage down the Ohio settled about twenty-five miles from Louisville. Three years later, attracted by the glowing accounts of the Miami country, he immigrated to Clermont County, and settled in the north ern part of Monroe township, on the stream now so widely known as Ulrey's Run. Here his fame as a hunter and bis good qualities as a citizen caused him to be favorably known. His family was provided with the best the forests afforded, and he supplied the wants of his neighbors with a liberal hand. Many pioneers, and frequently Indians, were at tracted to his cabin to see his wonderful skill as a marks- DISTINGUISHED MEN. 181 man, the latter especially being loud in their praise of his skill. About 1805 a gang of horse-thieves and other desperate characters infested the county, greatly harassing the good citizens, whose property was rendered wholly insecure by their presence. Among the boldest of these desperadoes was a man named Colwell, who not only stole without fear of the law, but defied the authorities to capture him. Their indifference provoked Ulrey to a determination to hunt Colwell down, and he soon had the satisfaction of not only capturing him, but of breaking up his gang, which had a wholesome fear of this brave, cool-headed man. When the war of 1812 broke out he became a member of Capt. Flinn's company of Kentucky rangers, and was at the battle of Brownstown. Shortly after Hull's sur render, when near the head of the Maumee River, his company was attacked by a large force of Indians. Seeing an Indian in the act of tomahawking a wounded comrade, he dismounted to take aim, when his horse became fright ened and ran some distance, tearing off his saddle before he was caught. He killed the Indian, and mounted the horse bareback and rode all the way to Vincennes. As he weighed about two hundred and forty pounds, the exercise was so violent that he was thrown into a severe fever, which nearly caused his death. Recovering, he again engaged in active service, and thereafter had many personal combats with the Indians and the British. After peace was declared he returned to his home in Clermont, where he was en gaged in farming till his death, Sept. 7, 1838, although he spent much of his time hunting ; and, as he was a man of splen did physique and a good horseman, he was one of the finest men in his day when he engaged in the chase. The de scendants of Ulrey became noted as useful and important citizens, and many yet remain in Clermont. GEN. JAMES TAYLOR. Although Gen. Taylor was never a resident of Clermont, he was so closely identified with her early material interests that a short sketch of his life will be perused with general interest. He was a native of Virginia, but in 1792 he immigrated to Campbell Co., Ky., settling on the site on which now is the city of Newport, which he laid out. He was a surveyor, and engaged largely in locating lands, beginning his operations in the military reservation in 1795, chiefly as a partner of Gen. William Lytle. This relation was continued until 1805, when the partnership was dis solved. Gens. Taylor and Lytle caused several of the earliest mills in Clermont to be built by Peter Wilson, a millwright, whom they employed for this purpose. One of the best known was on the Obannon Creek, in the north western part of Goshen, better known as " Wilson's mill." In the war of 1812, Gen. Taylor was one of the first to volunteer, and served as quartermaster-general of Gen. Hull's army, and was in all the engagements around De troit. As a business man, Gen. Taylor had no superior in his day, and by his energy had accumulated a vast estate. At different times he owned over three hundred thousand acres of land in the State of Ohio, most of which was patented to himself, and it is remarkable that he lost but very little land by reason of a superior title. He died in 1848, leaving to his son, Col. James Taylor, the management of his affairs, embracing also his realty in Clermont County, which amounted to several thousand acres of choice land. The latter is still a citizen of Newport, yet for the past fifty years has sustained close relations to Clermont. He was thoroughly educated, and adopted the law as his profession, being admitted to the bar in 1825. He took an active in terest in the land-operations of his father, and himself made the last entry for Clermont County before the land-office was plosed at Chillicothe. Col. Taylor is at present reputed one of the wealthiest men in Kentucky, and is liberal in his benefactions to humane and charitable institutions. II.— MINISTERS. REV. FRANCIS McCORMICK. The life of a person closely connected with a political or religious movement is generally invested with much in terest ; and a short sketch of such a life cannot but prove in structive to the careful reader of history. Francis McCor mick was born in Frederick Co., Va., June 3, 1764. His father was a farmer in easy circumstances, and in the earlier years of his life a strict Presbyterian. Later, however, his religious convictions were not so clearly defined, and he lived in a condition of moral darkness. Consequently, young McCormick grew up a wild and wicked young man. But at the age of twenty-six, under the preaching of Rev. William Jassop, he was awakened on the subject of his soul's salvation, and entertained serious thoughts of reform ing. This state of mind was not agreeable to his parents and friends. They bitterly opposed his convictions, and ridiculed the Methodists, under whose influence he was led to seek a change of heart. As their decision did not dis suade him from his purpose, his father imperatively com manded him to renounce his belief or leave home. But as the opposition from without waxed stronger the spirit within became more courageous, and on the 25th of December, 1790, he fully united himself with the Methodist Church. His wife had joined the same body a short time before. Even now his relatives did not desist from their purpose, and tried to bring him and his denomination into disrepute by getting him drunk. Happily in this and other efforts to turn him from the faith which he had espoused they failed, and Francis McCormick was spared to become a use ful man in the church. Soon after his conversion he was made a class-leader, by the Rev. Valentine Cook, and in 1792 he was licensed to preach. In 1795 he immigrated to Bourbon Co., Ky., but having long entertained a dislike for the institution of slavery, the following year he moved to the Northwest Territory, which had been consecrated to freedom, where he might escape its baneful influence. He located on a fine tract of land, just north of the present village of Milford, where, in the spring of 1797, he organized the first class of Methodists in the State of Ohio, and practically became the founder of the Methodist Church in the great Northwest Territory. In 1798 he accompanied the Rev. John Kobler (who was sent hither for that purpose by the Kentucky Confer ence) on the first missionary tour in Ohio, which had the 182 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. effect of more fully occupying the ground for Methodism. In 1799 he formed two Methodist classes in the present county of Hamilton, the first at a Mr. Ramsey's, near Lockland, the other at Columbia. At these points and other places he preached, and nobly aided the circuit preach ers in after-years to plant the banner of the cross in many a benighted neighborhood. In 1806 he sold his home. at Milford, and removed to what is now known as Salem, in Hamilton County, where he died in 1836. " During the latter part of his life he was partly disabled by disease, which he contracted in the service of the church, arising from exposure to the wet and cold in his earlier ministry." Though never formally appointed as a circuit preacher, he did as much in the ministry, gave as much to the church, and exerted as much influence for good on the minds of his neighbors as his eminent contemporaries. He never shirked his duty, and was always at his post to promote whatever work was re quired of him. Fervent in his piety, liberal in his belief, humane in his actions, genial in his nature, and refined in his sentiments, his life was a power that was felt through out the entire Miami country. " In person he was large and well developed, his height being six feet and his weight two hundred and forty pounds. His gigantic body was sur mounted by a well-developed head and a florid face, with a clear, blue eye, expressive of good temper, intelligence, and benevolence."- REV. JOHN COLLINS. In the early history of Clermont County no one of the grand old pioneers bore a more prominent part than the Rev. John Collins, the " old man eloquent" of the Methodist Epis copal Church. He was born in Gloucester Co., N. J., in 1769, seventeen years before the Declaration of Inde pendence was promulgated, and died in 1845, at Maysville, Ky. His parents were Quakers, but he was most happily converted in 1794, and united with the Methodist Church, in which for over half a century he preached to a suffering people with remarkable and unprecedent success in reclaim ing sinners and leading them into paths of holiness they had not known. After laboring some years as a local preacher in New Jersey he removed in 1803 to this county, and in 1804 preached the first Methodist sermon ever de livered in Cincinnati. In 1807 he was admitted into the Western Conference, and among the thousands he led into the church and to the Saviour was John McLean, after wards judge of the Supreme Court of the United States for about a third of a century. Father Collins' appoint ments, with two intervals of location, were for thirty years in Ohio ; and in 1837 he took a superannuated relation, and died, at the ripe old age of seventy-six years, a blessed death, his last words being " Happy, happy, happy!" Rev. Collins, hearing of the rich laud in Ohio and the vast resources of this then far-distant Western State, be came desirous of emigrating to this new El Dorado, and by conversing with a few of his neighbors he induced several of them to go with him. In the summer of 1802 he came out to view the country, intending, if he found it as repre sented, to purchase land for three men besides himself. He learned that Gen. William Lytle, an old Indian no-htcr was a land-agent living at Williamsburgh, then the shire-town of the new county, and that he had many large tracts of land for sale. Gen. Lytle took Mr. Collins to see many tracts but none suited the latter, till at last the general said, " I have one more fine large survey to show you (Clayton's survey, No. 581), belonging to Gen. Nathaniel Massie called ' The Horseshoe Bottom,' on the east fork of the Little Miami River." This tract greatly delighted Mr. Collins, and pleased him better than the hundreds of tracts he had examined in Southern Ohio ; and of it Cornelius McColIum, Isaac Higbee, and Josiah Allbason each took two hundred acres, and Mr. Collins the balance, the whole calling for nine hundred and sixty-six and two-thirds acres, but overrunning considerably. In the division Mr. Collins got the lower part of the land, including the famous Horse shoe Bend, which he came to occupy in the spring of 1803, his associates building cabins on the tract above him. These pioneers spent the summer and fall clearing the land, preparing to be comfortable in the coming winter, and by next spring Mr. Collins had two acres ready for corn, it being too late the year of their arrival to raise anything but turnips, of which they produced vast quantities, but in the year following they raised over a hundred bushels of corn to the acre. Mr. Collins selected a most beautiful site, where there was a splendid spring of water, on the second bottom from the river, in the centre of his land, to build a house, where, after it was cleared, he had the love liest view to be found in this Virginia Military Reservation district. At that day there was a very large and luxuriant growth of all kinds of vegetation, — wild pea-vines, wild grapes, several varieties of wild plums, crab-apples, black and red haws, strawberries, gooseberries, and blackberries. All kinds of wild animals abounded, and game and fish were in great abundance. There were salt springs, fre quented by deer, on Mr. Collins' plantation, and the hills on the north side of the east fork were therefore called by hunters " Elk Lick Hills." There being no church nearer than six or seven miles, Mr. Collins immediately opened his house for Christian service and religious worship, and one of the rough settlers near by, when he heard that a Methodist minister had bought the land, kneeled down and prayed the Lord would kill him ; but when Mr. Collins arrived this rough but honest settler visited the pioneer parson, was soon converted, and became one of Clermont's best citizens, and a most ex emplary and zealous member of the church. Mr. Collins gave a large lot off his place and had on it built a log meeting-house, in which was regular preaching and a flour ishing membership ; and in 1818, on the same site, was erected a tasty frame edifice, and named " Bethel Church." The sacred memories that cluster around the old " Bethel Chapel," built of logs about 1807, and the later more im posing frame church, awaken old associations of the noble pioneer preachers and sainted Christian mothers of Cler mont, who laid broad and deep the pious foundations that made Clermont County so early and notably identified with religion, and the almost endless happy influence therefrom resulting. Mrs. Collins was a woman of rare beauty and rarer in tellectual accomplishments. She was a sister of James and Learner Blackman, both eminent in early Methodism, and DISTINGUISHED MEN. 183 the latter especially noted for his eloquence and winsome manners. He was born in New Jersey in 1781, and after coming to the West, in 1802, often preached in Clermont. In 1805 he went south, and preached in tbe Holston, Nashville, and Cumberland districts, was presiding elder, and in 1808 and 1816 a delegate to the United States General Conference. Returning from a visit to his friends in Clermont, when crossing the Ohio River on a flat-boat, at Cincinnati, his horse becoming frightened plunged into the river, carrying this distinguished minister with him, and the eloquent Blackman found a watery grave. Mrs. Collins died on the homestead about 1863. Her most distinguished son was Gen. Richard Collins, in his day one of the best attorneys of Ohio, who lived at Hillsboro' many years, but in the latter part of his life resided on the old Collins farm, where he erected what was at that time the handsomest residence in the county, and which yet re mains as a memorial to the worth and enterprise of the Collins family, and especially as a tribute to the memory of the old pioneer preacher whose touching appeals and un tiring labors brought so many within the folds of the Chris tian church. REV. WILLIAM B. CHRISTIE was born in Williamsburgh, Sept. 3, 1803, and was the youngest of a family of ten children. His parental grand father was a duke in Scotland, and owned a large landed estate called " Beech Green." He had in his family of five children two sons, George and Robert, the latter being the father of the subject of our sketch. The former died at an advanced age, without issue, leaving, according to the cus tom of the country, his vast estate to his younger brother, Robert, who had run away from his home at the age of seventeen and joined the British army about the time of the Revolution in America. He was a non-commissioned offi cer in Lord Cornwallis' army, and was among the men sur rendered by him at Yorktown. After this event he settled in Fauquier Co., Va., where he was married to Frances Burdett. In 1792 he immigrated to Kentucky, settling at Newport, where he followed weaving for a livelihood. It was here that he formed the acquaintance of Gen. Wm. Lytle, and for the weaving of a pair of blankets for him Lytle gave Christie a deed for ten acres of land, located where is now Fountain Square, in the city of Cincinnati. In several years Christie sold this land back to Lytle, and came with a number of others to the newly laid-out town of Williams burgh, in Clermont County, and finally settled on a farm on the East Fork, west of the old Bethel road, where William B. was born. Of his father little more can be said except that he was a man of fine natural abilities and well educated, but being given to intemperate habits, his good qualities were frequently overshadowed by his faults. His mother possessed strong sense, and was kind and generous to a fault. From his earliest youth Wil'iani B. Christie gave signs of coming greatness. He was apt at learning, and had a wonderful memory. Nevertheless, he possessed a mischiev ous disposition, and it is said that he had but one teacher who could fully govern him, or properly direct his vivacious disposition. At an early age he seemed to delight in the exercise of public speaking, and would often mount a stump or log and make speeches on various subjects, to the amuse ment and edification of his companions. At twelve he evinced an uncommon fondness for books of history and biography, reading with great avidity everything in that line that came within his reach. Like Farwharson, as a farmer he was a decided failure. Naturally of a weak con stitution, and having a great fondness for study, he was un fitted for the heavy work of clearing up the country; yet being obliged by force of circumstances to labor as a woods man, he carried a book in his pocket which he would read at every spare moment ; and thus, under great difficulties, laid the foundation of his brilliant career. At the age of sixteen, while attending a camp-meeting at Clough, in Hamilton County, he was happily converted, and in 1820 baptized by the Rev. J. B. Finley, at a meet ing held near Milford. The same year he commenced to proclaim the glad tidings of the gospel, and preached with such persuasive eloquence that his fame was soon in the mouths of his brethren. While preaching at a camp-meet ing in Hamilton County, a man by the name of Armstrong became much interested in the boy-preacher, and learning that he was an orphan, and had not enjoyed proper advan tages for securing an education, he offered to send him to Augusta College, in Kentucky, at his expense. Accord ingly, he entered that institution in 1823, while it was in charge of the eminent theologian, Finley. His stay there was continued eighteen months, and his benefactor having died, meantime, he left Augusta in the spring of 1825. The same year he became an itinerant in the Methodist Church, and was assigned to Union Circuit. As a minister he was eminently successful, and in the service of the church filled several responsible offices. He was one of the delegates to the general conference held at Baltimore, and his fervid oratory on that occasion was the theme of general admiration. Twice more was he sent as a delegate to that body, and always with credit to his con ference. Thus he toiled, preaching with such persuasion that thousands were converted, but in 1839 his health be gan to fail, aud from that time until his death he could not stand to deliver his sermons. In the beginning of March, 1842, he was obliged to leave Urbana, where he had been stationed the year before, and go to Cincinnati for medical attendance. There he resided with his brother-in-law, Dr. Wright, until the 26th of the same month, when death brought his earthly career to a close. His disease was bronchitis, and during all his sickness not a murmur es caped his lips. In personal appearance the Rev. William B. Christie was prepossessing in an eminent degree. He was somewhat above the medium height, and of a slender build, his hair was black as a raven ; his eyes dark and piercingly brilliant ; and when he was animated by the theme of his discourse they gleamed as if lighted by the fires of inspiration. "About his countenance there was a bland and sometimes seraphic sweetness, especially when with soft and measured cadences he would labor to win his rapt and listening audi ence to the cross or bear them away on imagination's wings to heaven. His like in the pulpit for fervid oratory was seldom equaled ; his equal in rapid and impassioned elo- 184 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. quence we never expect to see again." His contrasts and comparisons were usually clear and strong ; his pathos was sublime, and nothing human, seemingly, could withstand its power. His voice was more musical than Clay's, and more sonorous than Webster's. In a word, it was sweet like the music of Orpheus. His logic was invincible ; his language chaste and pure. " Dignified in his deportment and courteous in his manner, he won the affections of all with whom he had intercourse." His ambition — and who that excels is not ambitious — was of that towering kind which sought to rise above all others, but never stooped in envious flight to pluck another's honors. He was, all in all, one of the greatest men Clermont has ever produced, and his name will ever be held in sacred reverence by its citizens. REV. WILLIAM II. RAPER.* Among those who entered an itinerant ministry in the beginning of the present century was the Rev. William H. Raper. That he was born in troublous times is evident from the fact that a block-house in the wilds of Western Penn sylvania was the place of his birth, which occurred Sept. 24, 1793. His father, Leonard Raper, was a surveyor under the government in the Northwest Territory, which obliged him to be much away from home in the discharge of tbe duties of his calling. His mother was a woman of great piety and exemplary character, belonging to that little band of Methodists which was organized in Ohio before the close of the last ^century. She was, moreover, a true pioneer, and ardently loved her country, as her subsequent history in relation to her sons most abundantly shows. When the subject of this sketch was quite young his pa rents removed to Columbia, on the Ohio, a few miles above Cincinnati, where his early days were spent in those em ployments incident to pioneer life. After this the family moved to Williamsburgh, and when he had reached his nineteenth year the thoughts of William H. were turned 'to the war of 1312, then commenced, and his two brothers in the army of Gen. Hull, whose base surrender has forever associated his name with an ignominy little less than which attaches to Arnold. A call was made for volunteers, and young Raper joined the company of Capt. Stephen Smith, of Clermont County, and went forth to try the rigors of the camp and field. Not long after entering the company, the sergeant being disqualified by sickness from filling his post, young Raper was chosen to the office. He felt an ambition to fill with honor and bravery the part assigned him, and labored with zeal and diligence to become master of all the arts of war. A day or two before the battle of the Thames his company was ordered to march up the lake some fifteen miles, to prevent the landing of the Brit ish, and the engagement took place during their absence, and the battle was nearly closed before the company arrived on the ground. This circumstance rendered it necessary, as Capt. Smith's Clermont company was now the strongest that it should take charge of the prisoners of war which had been taken by Commodore Perry and Gen. William Henry Harrison, and bring them to the Newport Station, in Kentucky. From a sketch by the Rev. J. B. Finley. All the officers who ranked above Raper in the company having been taken sick, the command devolved upon him. It was a responsible undertaking, but, as the sequel shows the young officer proved himself adequate to the emergency. The company consisted of one hundred soldiers, and the number of prisoners amounted to four hundred ; and every arrangement being made, they commenced their march. On their route it was necessary for them to cross the Black Swamp, which at that season of the year was nearly covered with water, extending for miles through a drear and desolate wilderness. In their march the company became bewildered and lost, and the young commander, Raper, was at his wits' end to know what to do. For three days and nights they wandered about in the swamp without food. The company had become scattered, and on the morning of the third day he found himself with a guard of only twelve men, and about one hundred prisoners. The prisoners, seeing the weakness of the guard, resolved on a mutiny, and refused to march, threatening to kill the few who had them in charge. No time was to be lost, and Raper calling out his men drew them up in line, and commanded them to make ready for the emergency, which they did by fixing their bay onets and cocking their guns. In this position both parties stood for some time. At. length, finding that the priso ners refused all entreaties to march, the commander, young Raper, gave them five minutes to decide, and if at the ex piration of that time they did not march he would fire and charge upon them. When the last minute had expired the soldiers were ordered to present arms, take aim, and but before the word " fire" had escaped his lips a large Scotch soldier, fresh from the Highlands of his native country, cried " hold !" and stepping aside, asked the privi lege of saying, a word. Raper asked him if it was for peace, and receiving an affirmative reply, granted the request, whereupon, addressing his fellow-prisoners, he said, "We have been taken in a fair fight, and are prisoners, honor ably so, and this conduct is disgraceful to our king's flag, and is not the conduct becoming true soldiers, but disgrace ful to ourselves and country. Now," said he, "I have bad no hand in raising this mutiny, and I propose that all who are in favor of behaving themselves as honorable pris oners of war shall come to me, and we will take the others in hand ourselves, and the American guard shall stand by and see fair play." This speech had the desired effect, and the mutiny was brought to an end without bloodshed, and Raper continued in charge till he delivered them over at Newport, opposite Cincinnati. He was one of the best soldiers and bravest men in the army, and under every almost conceivable position in which a soldier could be placed he was never seen or known to evince the least fear. They had among the prisoners two Indians, who, after very severe threaten- ings, and, indeed, at the point of Raper's sword, finally led them out of the swamp. That evening they reached a settlement, where they obtained provisions, and notwith standing the efforts of the officers many of the men killed themselves by eating. After his arrival in Newport with the prisoners he was offered a commission in the regular army, which he consented to take, provided it was agreeable to the wishes of his mother. Such was his love for her DISTINGUISHED MEN. 185 that he would take no important step without first consult ing her. His mother's answer was characteristic of the noble mothers of that day: "My son, if my country was still engaged in war and I had fifty sons I would freely give them all to her service ; but as peace is now declared, and there is no such necessity, as a Christian mother, there fore, I cannot consent, for I think something better awaits my son than the mere camp-life of a soldier in time of peace." Mr. Raper often spoke in gratitude of this advice of his mother, and felt it a far greater honor to be a humble minister of Jesus Christ than to be at the head of the American army. In the spring of 1816 he joined the Methodist Church, under Rev. Russel Bigelow, at the house of Judge Ambrose Ranson, at Newberry, Clermont Co., Ohio, and after four months of deep penitence he was joyfully converted. Shortly after he assisted in holding meetings in his neigh borhood and at Milford and Goshen, and the next year was employed by the presiding elder on what was then called the Miami Circuit. In the year 1819 he was received on trial in the traveling connection at the conference held at Cincinnati, and appointed to Madison Circuit, with the Rev. Henry Baker for a colleague. While traveling in Indiana, upon the first visit to one of his appointments, after the meeting was closed a fine, large man approached him and called him brother, and said, '' I knew you the moment I saw you, but I suppose you have for gotten me." Brother Raper told him he did not remember to have ever seen him. " Well, sir," said the man, " I am the Scotch soldier that made the speech to the prisoners the morning of the mutiny in the Black Swamp." Their meeting, under such a change of circumstances, was re marked by the brother as being very delightful, when he added, " After we were exchanged as prisoners of war my enlistment terminated. I had been brought to see the justice of the American cause and the greatness of the country, and determined I would not return to the old country. I commenced working at such labor as I could find, saved a little money, came to this State, rented some land, and opened a farm. I have joined the Methodist Church, and, praise God! the best of all is, I have obtained religion. And, not among the least of my blessings in this new country, I have a fine wife and a noble child. So, come," said he, " dinner will be ready by the time we get home." All other claims from the members had to be set aside this time, and the two soldiers, now as friends and Christians, were permitted to renew their acquaintance ; and they were ever after fast friends. At another time, having lost the direction on a strange road at night, he crossed the mouth of Bullskin Creek, where it empties into the Ohio, where it was perhaps fifty feet deep, when the Ohio River was very high. The mouth of the creek being full of drift-logs and brush, and it being dark, he mistook the drift for a bridge and went upon it ; he thought it was a very shackling kind of a bridge, but passed over, leading his horse, without injury, although when upon it he feared his horse would fall through, and knew no better till the next morning, when he was told of his danger by the family to whose house he had been at tracted late in the night by seeing the light from their 24 cabin window. But for that cabin he would have had to remain all night in the woods, as ho had done several times before.' During that year he swam his horse thirty-two times in order to reach his appointments, and on one of these swimming excursions he met with a singular accident. His horse, by some means, became entangled and sank, throwing him off. It was a cold morning, a little before sunrise, and being encumbered with a great coat and leg- gins he found it very difficult to swim, but with great effort he succeeded in catching hold of the limb of a tree which was hanging over the stream, where he was enabled to rest and hold his head above the water. While thus suspended in the stream the thought rushed upon him, " Mother is praying for me, and I shall be saved." After thus resting for a moment or so he made the effort and got ashore. His horse had also made a safe landing, having the saddle-bags on his back all safe. His clothes and books were wet, and himself very much chilled by the early bath. But while this was going on with himself in the stream, his mother, some eighty or ninety miles away, that morn ing awoke suddenly as from affright, when this thought rushed upon her, " William is in great danger," when she sprang from her bed, and falling on her knees prayed for some time in intense supplication for his safety, when she received a sweet assurance that all was well. When they met and related the facts, and compared the time and all, they precisely agreed. He was ever a favorite preacher in Clermont, where he was known to nearly every Methodist household, and where he preached some of the ablest of his discourses for which he was distinguished. In the years 1840, 1841, and 1842 he was presiding elder of a Cincinnati district, including most of this county, and under his labors and ministry thousands of souls in Clermont enlisted in the cause of Christ, many of whom went before to bid him welcome into everlasting habitations, while others yet follow him as he followed the Saviour. Blessed with an extraordinary mem ory, he acquired a very large amount of historical and gen eral information, and possessed the happy art of turning all to good account. Some ministers excel in some things pertaining to their office and fall behind in others, but Preacher Raper succeeded well in almost every particular. He was a profound theologian, mighty in the sacred Scrip tures, readily perceived the line separating truth and error, and had superior logical skill in advocating the one and op posing the other. While this generation lives on earth he and his labors will be remembered with delight by many both in and out of the church. Spiritual gifts were con ferred on him in great variety, and he sang delightfully and usefully, and was highly gifted in prayer and exhortation. In fine, he was an eloquent preacher, an able expounder of the word of life, a very judicious administrator of church discipline, and a faithful and affectionate pastor. Whether on a circuit, on a station, or over a district as presiding elder, he appeared to be alike at home, and everywhere useful. His stated ministry was exercised chiefly in In diana and Ohio (and much of it in the countj of his adop tion, and where his many kin dwelt), but his connection with several sessions of the General Conference, and subse quently with the General Mission Committee, caused him 186 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. to bo well known about the Eastern cities, where he was highly esteemed. Indeed, his amiable social qualities, superior conversational powers, and rich fund of useful in cidents, gathered from practical life in camp, pulpit, and cabin, not only gained him access but secured him warm personal friends wherever he went, and few men had more admirers and none more devoted friends, either lay or clerical, than Preacher Raper. In the early part of February, 1852, he accompanied Bishop Morris to Aurora, Ind., to attend a quarterly meet ing and visit his old friends in that place. There he preached his last sermon, with peculiar clearness and effect. On Tuesday, the 10th of February, he started for home, in company with Bishop Morris, on the steamer " Forest Queen." He was attacked some time in the night with spasms, and when his condition was discovered by the brother who was in the same state-room consciousness was gone. The boat being in port, medical aid was immediately had, and all that human skill could do was done, but to no saving effect. He was carefully and tenderly borne to the bosom of his family, whose feelings we cannot attempt to describe, where he expired about half-past six p.m., sur rounded by his affectionate and deeply-afflicted family and many sympathizing friends. The chariot of the Lord at length had come, and the eloqueut Clermont minister had ascended to mansions on high. On a lovely spot in the Wesleyan cemetery the hand of affection reared a beautiful white marble oDelisk, as a sacred memento, to tell the passer by where sleeps the sainted dust of one of Ohio's best and bravest sons. III.— PUBLIC MEN. . GEN. ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT. ••- This eminent native of Clermont was born at the little village of Point Pleasant, in Monroe township, April 27, 1822, and was the oldest child of Jesse 11. and Hannah (Simpson) Grant. His father was a tanner by trade, and was at that time engaged in carrying on that avocation at Point Pleasant, but soon after removed to Georgetown, in Brown County, where the boyhood days of young Grant were spent. His mother was a daughter of John Simpson, an estimable citizen of Tate township, where the family still resides. His father was possessed of an unusual amount of native sense, and was a shrewd business man, in the later years of his life amassing considerable property. He observed with fatherly pride the many evidences of talent and tact which young Ulysses manifested, aud gave them proper encouragement. The character of the boy is generally father to the man, and General Grant was no ex ception to the rule. When Grant was very young he attended school with his cousin John, a Canadian, who had been sent over to the United States to be educated. The two boys were warm friends, but John had inherited prejudices against our country which at times he could not restrain, and his language often gave offense to young Grant. One day they were tajking about George Washington, when John said, " It appears to me, Ulysses, you think a great deal too much of Washington." " And why shouldn't I think well of him ?" replied the tanner boy. " He is tho father of my country, and was raised up by the Almighty to lead it to independence." " All very fine," retorted John ; " but he was a traitor to his king, nevertheless." " A what ?" asked Ulysses, rising to his feet. " A traitor and a rebel," said the Canadian. "John," calmly replied Ulysses, "how should you like to have your sovereign called such names ?" " Why, of course, I should not like it," replied John. "Then," said young Grant, "let me tell you I will not allow you or any one else to insult the memory of George Washington." " Well, what are you going to do about it?" said John, with a sneer. " I shall resent it, as I have a right to do. You may take advantage of me, for you are older and bigger than I am. My mother told me not to quarrel with my school mates and I mean to mind her, and shall not attack them on my own account. But when Washington is assailed, and especially by an English boy, I shall defend the father of my country. Cousin or no cousin, John, you have got to take that back or fight." John would not retract, and so, taking off their coats, at it they went. John was the stronger and forced Ulysses down, but young Grant hung on and finally turning John, hit him a blow on the nose, which completely blinded him. After a hard fight John finally had to cry out " enough !" but Grant would not let him up until he not only retracted his offensive language, but promised never again while on American soil to speak ill of George Washington. This was Grant's first battle for his country, and it was indicative of his future illus trious career as a man and a soldier. Young Grant grew up a strong, self-reliant boy, of whose daring and tact, in overcoming difficulties, many anecdotes are related. He was as rugged as his native hills, and, although unobtrusive, strove to excel in all things. After a period of school life at Maysville, his father secured for him an appointment as a cadet to West Point, through the influence of his friend, Gen. Thomas L. Hamer, of George town, at that time representative in Congress. At the age of seventeen he entered the military academy of West Point, and four years later graduated twenty-first in a class of thirty-nine, receiving the commission of brevet second lieutenant. He was assigned to the Fourth Infantry, and remained in the army eleven years ; was engaged in every battle of the Mexican war except that of Buena Vista, and received two brevets for gallantry. In 1848 he mar ried Julia, daughter of Frederick Dent, a prominent mer chant of St. Louis, and in 1854, having reached the grade of captain, he resigned his commission in the army. For several years he was engaged in farming near St. Louis, but met with small success, and in 1860 he entered the leather store of his father at Galena, 111. When the civil war broke out in 1861, Grant was thirty- nine years of age, but entirely unknown to public men, and without any personal acquaintance with great affairs. Presl' dent Lincoln's first call for troops was made on the 15th of April, and on the 19th Grant was drilling a company of volunteers at Galena. He also offered his service to the adjutant-general of the army, but received no reply. The DISTINGUISHED MEN. 187 Governor of Illiuois, however, employed him in the organi zation of volunteer troops, and at the end of five weeks he was appointed colonel of the Twenty first Illinois Infantry. He took command of his regiment in June, and reported first to Gen. Pope, in Missouri. On August 7th he was commissioned a brigadier-general of volunteers, the appoint ment having been made without his knowledge. He had been unanimously recommended by the Congressmen from Illinois, not one of whom had been his personal acquaint ance. For a few weeks he was occupied in watching the movements of partisan forces in Missouri. On September 1st he was placed in command of the dis trict of Southeast Missouri, with headquarters at Cairo, and on the 6th, without orders, he seized Paducah, at the mouth of the Tennessee River, and commanding the navi gation both of that stream and of the Ohio. This stroke secured Kentucky for the Union, for the State Legislature, which had until then affected to be neutral, at once declared in favor of the government. From this time on the events in his career are too nu merous to admit of detailed mention in this book. The history of the war, from 1862 to its close, is in essential features the history of his life. It is so comprehensive in its results that its story has filled volumes. To convey a limited idea of his greatness as a general and his character as a man, we make allusion only to the last year of the war for the Union. Grant's entire loss among the troops immediately under his command, including those in Butler's army, amounted to twelve thousand six hundred and sixty- three killed, forty-nine thousand five hundred and fifty-nine wounded, and twenty thousand four hundred and ninety- eight missing ; total, eighty-two thousand seven hundred and twenty. He captured in the same time sixty-six thousand five hundred and twelve soldiers ; of the Con federate killed and wounded no return was ever made. He had destroyed every army opposed to him, — those of Lee, Early, and Beauregard, besides the reinforcements sent to Lee from all quarters of the South, — -leaving at the last not a living man of all those armies who was not a prisoner. His forces had never been more than one-third greater than those of his antagonist, and he had constantly fought on the offensive. The terms granted to Lee at Appomattox were so magnanimous that the whole popula tion of the South at once sought to share their benefits. All the other Confederate armies offered to surrender, and the greatest civil war in history was at an end. Grant returned at once to Washington to superintend the disbandment of his armies. This work was scarcely begun when President Lincoln was assassinated. It had doubtless been intended to inflict the same fate on Grant ; but he, for tunately, on account of leaving Washington early in the evening, declined an invitation to accompany the President to the theatre where the murder was committed. This event made Andrew Johnson President, but left Grant by far the most . conspicuous figure in the public life of the country. He became the object of an enthusiasm greater than had ever been known in America. Every possible honor was heaped upon him ; the grade of General was cre ated for him by Congress ; houses were presented to him by citizens ; towns were illuminated because he entered them. President Johnson soon took such a position in politics as fhrew most of those who had supported the war into open hos tility to him. At first he had been so bitter towards the de feated South that Gen. Lee asked Grant's interposition in his behalf, and it was given. Grant saved Lee from prosecution for treason when Andrew Johnson was eager for it. But Mr. Johnson soon became the ardent friend of the former Confederates, and was believed by many to be plotting their return to power. In this conjunction all parties turned to Grant. Congress passed laws to restrain the President, and giving Grant an amount of power unknown before to any subordinate. His position waS extremely delicate. He was a soldier, and it was his duty to be subordinate to the Pres ident. Yet the President was in direct opposition to Con gress, — the law-making power. Grant, however, for a long time was able to comply with the directions of Congress without offending the President. Johnson, indeed, sought to obtain the sanction of Grant's name for his policy. He suspended the Secretary of War and placed Grant in his stead, and the soldier for some months was a member of Mr. Johnson's cabinet. Finally, however, it became neces sary for him either to break with the President or, by com pliance, as he thought, to disobey the law ; and he refused to do the latter. From this time President Johnson was his personal and political enemy. Grant's popularity, however, remained unshaken with those who had supported the war, and in 1868 he was elected President by large majorities. He was inaugurated March 4, 1869. His first administration was distinguished by a cessation of the strifes which sprang from the war, by a large reduction of the national debt, aud by a settle ment of the difficulties with England, which had grown out of the depredations committed by privateers fitted out in England during tbe war. These difficulties threatened at one time to embroil the two nations, but they were re ferred to arbitration, and the result was a large award of damages, which were paid by England to the United States on account of the injuries she had occasioned or allowed. During the latter half of his administration a violent op position arose to Grant, led by men in his own party, who were dissatisfied with his course. He was, however, re elected to the Presidency in 1872 by a larger vote and a larger majority than any candidate had received since the United States became a nation. After he had laid down his civil office Gen. Grant went abroad, and in Europe was everywhere received as the guest and equal of kings, queens, and emperors. Without office, and on account of his great wisdom alone, his advice was sought by the most eminent statesmen of the world, and rulers begged him to settle for them intricate disputes with foreign nations. After two years' absence he returned once more to his native land. Hark ! " what sound is that which comes from the West ?" It is the voice of the people proclaim ing Gen. Grant has landed upon the coast of California. Louder and louder grew the shouts, until from the apex of the Rocky Mountains the glad sounds roll back undying to Freedom's farthest mountain. Now he moves eastward, this man without an office, a private citizen only, but wherever he goes the people gather to receive him, and he 188 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. walks among them a king, — not by such a worthless title as a crown, but king over the hearts of a grateful people. Everywhere throughout the length and breadth of the land that struggles in the grasp of two mighty oceans the people- invite him to come and see them, and wherever he presents himself they gather in such multitudes as were never seen there before. We are told some men are born great, others have great ness thrust upon them, while others again wring greatness from the world. To the latter class emphatically belongs Ulysses Grant ; and yet it may with truth be said that he belongs to the second class, for being as modest as he is great, he claimed nothing for his services, and honors and greatness had to be thrust upon him. The world furnishes few such examples of greatness and humility, and our country only one other, — that of George Washington. We have written these words because we believe them to be true ; because we think Grant to be a great and a good man ; because we admire him as a soldier and states man, and feel grateful to him for re-establishing the Union of the States, and thus preserving for us and our children the government which the fathers founded. What Wash ington established, he with his mighty sword has preserved ; and hereafter the names of Washington and Grant will stand side 'by side, and in marble and brass fill every niche of our country's fame to the latest posterity. GENERAL WILLIAM LYTLE. In the early history of Clermont no character was more widely or favorably known than Gen. William Lytle. When he first became permanently identified with the material interests of the county as a surveyor and land owner, he was a young man of large frame and spare form, of erect carriage and keen blue eyes, which gave him an agreeable appearance. He was born in Cumberland, Pa., in 1770, and nine years later was taken by his parents to Fayette Co., Ky., where most of his boyhood was spent, and where he imbibed the spirit which so distinguished him as a young man. In 1786 the Mack-a-chuck Indian towns in Ohio were destroyed by a body of Kentuckiuns under Col. Benjamin Logan. It was in the autumn of that year that Gen. Clarke raised his forces for tbe Wabash expedition, constituting a numerous corps. Col. Lo"-an was detailed from the army at the falls of the Ohio to recruit a large force of men, with which to proceed against the Indian villages on the headwaters of Mad River and the Great Miami. William Lytle, then livin»- with his parents in Kentucky, was strongly imbued with the mar tial feeling incident to pioneer times, but being only sixteen years old was too young to come within leal requisition for enlistment of troops; but he, with that spirit of bravery and duty which ever characterized him and his noble lineage, offered himself as a volunteer. Col. Lo"-an went to his destination with the boy Lytle in his forces and would have surprised the Indian towns against which he had marched bad not one of his own men basely deserted to the enemy, not long before they reached the town, and given notice of their approach. As it was, he burned ei«-ht large towns, destroyed many fields of corn, took eighty-odd prisoners, and killed twenty warriors, among them bein°- the head of the nation. But this last act caused deep regret, humiliation, and shame to the commander-in-chief and his troops. When they came in view of the first two towns, one of which stood on the west bank of the Mad River and the other on the northeast of it, separated by a prairie half a mile in extent, it was found that the town on the northeast was situated on a high, commanding point of land which projected a small distance into the prairie, at the foot of which eminence broke out several fine springs, and that this was the residence of the famous chief of the nation. His flag was flying at the time from the top of a pole sixty feet high, and. they advanced in three lines,, the commander and some of the horsemen marching at the head of the centre line, and the footmen in the rear, Col. Robert Pat terson commanding the left and Col. Thomas Kennedy the right. When they came in sight of the town the spies of the advance-guard made a halt, and sent a man back to inform the commander of the situation of the two towns. He ordered Col. Patterson to attack the towns on the left bank of Mad River, and Col. Kennedy was also charged to attack those on the left, while he himself determined to charge, with the centre division, immediately on the upper town. Lytle, though but a boy, heard the commander give his orders and caution the colonels against allowin» their men to kill any of the enemy that they might suppose to be prisoners. He then ordered them to advance, and as soon as they should discover the enemy to charge upon them. Lytle had' his doubts touching the propriety of some of the arrangements, but was willing to view the affair with the diffidence of youth and inexperience; but,. at any rate, he resolved to see all that was going on, and to be as near the head of the line as his colonel would permit it, as he was extremely anxious to try himself in battle. The commander of the centre line waved his sword over his head as a signal for the troops to advance, and Daniel Boone and Simon Kenton commanded the advance, and Col. Trotter the rear. As they approached within half a mile of the town on the left, and about three-fourths from that on the right, they saw the savages retreating in all directions, making for the thickets, swamps, and high prairie grass to secure themselves from their enemy. Lytle was ani mated with the energy with which the commander conducted the head of his line, who waved his sword, and in a voice of thunder exclaimed, " Charge from right to left 1" The horses appeared as impatient for the onset as their riders, and -as they came up with the flying red men Lytle was disappointed at discovering that they would have little to do. He heard but one Indian, with the exception of the chief, cry for quarter. They fought with desperation as long as they could raise knife, gun, or tomahawk, after they found they could not screen themselves. The whites dispatched all the warriors they overtook, and sent the women and children prisoners to the rear. They pushed ahead, still hoping to overtake a body where they might have some thing like a general engagement. The boy Lytle was mounted on a very fleet gray horse, followed by fifty of his companions, and had not advanced more than a mile before he discovered some of the enemy running along the edge of a thicket of hazel and plum bushes. DISTINGUISHED MEN. 189 Lytle made signs to the men in his rear to come on, and at the same time, pointing to the flying enemy, he obliqued across the plain, so as to get in advance of them. When he arrived within fifty yards of them he dismounted, raised his gun, and discovered at this moment some men of the right wing coming up on the left. The warrior the young hero Lytle was about to shoot held up his hand in token of surrender, and he heard him order the other In dians to stop. By this time the men had arrived, and were in the act of firing upon the Indians when Lytle called to them not to fire, for they (the savages) had surrendered to him. The warrior that had surrendered to Lytle came walking towards him, calling his women and children to follow him. Lytle advanced to meet him, with his right hand extended, but before he could reach him the men of the right wing of the force had surrounded him. Lytle rushed in among their horses, and while the warrior was giving him his hand several of the soldiers wished to toma hawk the Indian, but Lytle informed them they would have to tomahawk him first, and led him back to the place where his flag had been. He, with the scattered troops, had taken thirteen prisoners ; among them were the chief Moluntha, the great sachem of the Shawnees, his three wives, — one of them a young and handsome woman, another of them the famous grenadier squaw, upwards of six feet high, and sis ter to tbe distinguished chief, Cornstalk, who fell (basely murdered) at Point Pleasant, W. Va., — and two or three fine lads. The rest were children, but of these lads one was a remarkably interesting youth, about the size and age of Lytle, to whom he clung closely, and appeared keenly to notice everything that was going on. When Lytle and his force arrived at the town a crowd of the Kentucky soldiery pressed around to see the chief. A young man named Carner had been to one of the springs to drink, and discovering the young savage by Lytle's side came running towards him. The young Indian supposed he was advancing to kill him, and as Lytle turned around the little savage let fly an arrow at Carner, for he was armed with a bow. Lytle had just time to catch his arm as he discharged the arrow, and it passed through Carner's clothes, grazing his side, and the jerk he gave undoubtedly prevented his killing Carner on the spot. Lytle then took away his arrows and sternly reprimanded him, and led him back to the crowd which surrounded the prisoners. At the same moment Col. MeGary, the same man who by his rashness and impetuosity had caused the terrible disaster at Blue Licks, Ky., some years before, coming up, Col. Logan's eye caught that of MeGary, and he said, " Col. MeGary, you must not molest these prisoners." " I will see to that," said MeGary, in reply. Young Lytle then forced his way through the c.rowd to the chief, with his young charge by the hand. MeGary ordered the crowd to open and let him in, and coming up to the chief, his first salutation was in the question, " Were you not at the defeat at the Blue Licks?" The Indian, not knowing the mean ing of the words, or not understanding the purport of the question, answered, "Yes." MeGary instantly seized an axe from the hands of the grenadier squaw, and raised it to strike a blow at the chief. Lytle threw up his arm to ward off the blow, and the handle of the axe struck the young hero across the left wrist, and came near breaking it, but the axe sank in the head of the chief to the eyes, and ho fell dead at Lytle's feet. Provoked beyond measure at this wanton barbarity, Lytle drew his knife for the purpose of avenging his cruelty by dispatching the cowardly MeGary, but his arm was arrested by one of the men, which pre vented him from inflicting the thrust upon MeGary, who escaped from the crowd. A detachment was then ordered off to two other towns, distant six or eight miles, and the men and prisoners were ordered to march down to the lower town and encamp. As they marched out of the upper town they fired it, collecting a large pile of corn for their horses, and beans, pumpkins, etc., for their own use. Lytle told Capt. Stucker, who messed with him, that, he had seen several hogs running about the town which appeared to be in good order, and that he thought a piece of fresh pork would relish well with their stock of vegetables. He readily assenting to it they went in pursuit of them, but as orders had been given not to shoot unless at an enemy, after finding the hogs they had to run them down on foot until they got near enough to tomahawk them. Being engaged at this for some time before they killed one, while Capt. Stucker was in the act of striking the hog, Lytle cast his eye along the edge of the woods that skirted the" prairie, and saw an Indian coming along with a deer on his back. The fellow happened to raise his head at that moment, and looking across the prairie to the upper town saw it all in flames. Then Lytle spoke to Stucker in a low voice, that here was an Indian coming, and in the act of turning his head around to ad dress Stucker, he discovered Hugh Ross, brother-in-law to Col. Kennedy, at the distance of about sixty yards, ap proaching them. Lytle made a motion with his hand to Ross to squat down, then taking a tree between him and the Indian, slipped somewhat near, to get a fairer shot, when at the instant he raised his gun past the tree, the Indian being. about one hundred yards distant, Ross' ball whistled by him (so close that he felt the wind of it) and struck the Indian on the calf of one- of his legs. The Indian immediately dropped his deer and sprang into the high grass of the prairie, all of which occurred so quickly that Lytle had not time to draw a sight on him before he was hid by the grass. Lytle was provoked at Ross' shoot ing when he (Lytle) was near enough to have killed him, and now the consequence would be that probably some of their men would lose their lives, as a wounded Indian never gives up but with his life. Capt. Irwin rode up that moment with his troop of horse and asked where the Indian was, and Lytle pointed as nearly as he could to the spot where he last saw him in the grass, cautioning the captain, if he missed him the first charge, to pass on out of his reach before he wheeled to recharge, or the Indian would kill some of his men in the act of wheeling. It is not known whether the captain heard Lytle or not ; at any rate, the warning was not at tended to, for, after passing the Indian a few steps, Capt. Irwin ordered his men to wheel and recharge across the woods, and in the act of executing the movement the In dian raised up and shot the captain dead on the spot, — still keeping below the level of the grass, to not give the other 190 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. men any opportunity of putting a bullet through him. The troop charged again, but the Indian was so active that he had darted into the grass some rods from where he had fired at Irwin, and they again missed him. By this time several footmen had got up, and Capt. Stucker and Lytle had each taken a tree that stood out in the edge of the prairie, among the grass, when a Mr. Stafford came up and put his head first past one side and then the other of the tree. Young Lytle was behind, and the latter told him not to expose himself that way or he would get shot in a moment, and had hardly expressed the last word when the Indian again raised up out of the grass. His gun, Stucker's, and Lytle's, with four or five behind them, all cracked the same instant. Stafford fell at the side of Lytle, while the others rushed at the wounded Indian with their tomahawks. Before they had dispatched him he had made ready the powder in his gun and a ball in his mouth, preparing for a third fire, with bullet-holes in his breast that might all have been covered with a man's open hand. They found with him Capt. Beasley's rifle, the captain having been killed at the Lower Blue Licks a few days before the army passed through that place on their way to the towns. Next morning Col. Logan ordered another detachment to attack a town that lay eight miles to the northeast of where they then were, and which they burnt, together with a large block-house which the English had built there of huge size and thickness. The detachment returned that evening to the main army. The Indian lad captured by Lytle was taken, with others of the prisoners, into Ken tucky, and Col. Logan, the commander of the expedition, was so much pleased with him that he made him a member of his own family, in which he resided some years, and was at length permitted to return. He was ever afterwards known by the na.ne of Logan, to which the prefix of cap tain was eventually attached. His Indian name was Spe- mica Lawba, — i.e., the " High Horn." He subsequently rose to the rank of a civil chief on account of his many estimable moral and intellectual qualities. His personal appearance was commanding, being six feet in height and weighing near two hundred pounds. He from that time continued the unwavering friend of the Americans, and fought on their side with great constancy. He lost his life in the fall of 1812 under melancholy circumstances, which evinced that he was a man of the keenest sense of honor. Logan left a dying request that his two sons should be sent to Kentucky, and there educated and brought up under the care of Maj. Hardin. They were schooled a while at Piqua, Ohio, the old chiefs refusing to let them go away so far as Kentucky, but their mother, a bad woman, finally coaxed and took them away and emigrated to the far West, and there these boys became some of the wildest of their race. In the following year (1787) young Lytle was at Grant's defeat in Indiana, and exhibited Spartanlike conduct, for in that desperate action the Kentuckians, overpowered by nearly four times their number, performed feats of bravery scarcely equaled even in early border warfare. In this bat tle young Lytle (only seventeen years old) had both his arms shattered, his face powder-burnt, his hair singed to the roots, and nineteen bullets passed through his body and clothing. In this condition, a retreat being ordered he succeeded in bringing off the field several of his friends generously aiding the wounded and exhausted by placin" them on horses, while he himself ran forward in advance to the last remnant of the retreating party to stop the only boat on the Ohio River at that time which could take them over and save them from tho overwhelming force of their savage adversaries. On reaching the river he found the boat in the act of putting off for the Kentucky shore. The men were reluctant to obey Lytle's demand for a delay until those still in the rear should come up, one of them declaring that "it were better that a few should perish than that all should be sacrificed." Lytle then threw the rifle, which he still carried on his bleeding shoulder, over the root of a fallen tree, and swore he would shoot the first man who pulled an oar until his friends were aboard. In this way the boat was detained until they came up, and were safely lodged from the pursuing foe. Disdaining personally to take advantage of this result, the boat being crowded almost to dipping, he ran up the river to where some horses stood panting under the willows, after the escape from the battle-field, and mounting one of the strongest, forced him into the river, holding on to his mane by his teeth, until he was taken, in the middle of the stream, into the boat, bleeding and almost fainting from his wounds, by the order of his gallant captain, the lamented Stucker, who had observed his conduct with admiration throughout, and was resolved that such a heroic spirit should not perish, for by this time the balls of the Indians were rattling like hail about their ears. Previous to the settlement of Ohio, young Lytle was in many other desperate engagements with the Indians, where his cool, heroic bravery won general admiration. Before the victory of Wayne and his treaty at Greenville, while making surveys in the Virginia Military District, between the Little Miami and Scioto Rivers, he was exposed to in cessant dangers, suffered great privations, and often came near losing his life at the hands of the cruel savages. He followed the business of surveying the greater part of his life, and entered and located more lands in Ohio than any other surveyor. In 1796 he laid out and founded the vil lage of Williamsburgh, at that time called " Lytlestown," on the survey he had entered a few months previous. Convers ant with the promise of the great fertility of the East Fork valley of the Little Miami, young Lytle must have ob served that this tract marked the termination of the abrupt and precipitous hills that everywhere else characterize the western portion of the beautiful stream, which, with gentle current, almost encircles the land of his wise selection. At any rate, with the whole broad land of the county from which to choose, he sought and obtained the control of this area, on which a few years later he made his home. Amid the cares and duties which engaged him as a surveyor, he laid out a town on this domain which for many years was known as " Lytlestown," but which iu the act of dedica tion, was, from his own given name, called Williamsburgh. When Clermont -County was created by the proclamation of Governor St. Clair, in 1800, Williamsburgh became the county-seat and Gen. William Lytle was commissioned the first prothouotary (or clerk of the courts), which office he DISTINGUISHED MEN. 191 held until the admission of Ohio into the Union and tho Territorial gave place to the State government, when, in 1803, he had his special friend, whom he had brought from Kentucky, the scholarly Roger W. Waring, appointed by the court. Lytle kept his office in a little stone building adjoining his residence, and his papers still extant, showing him to have been gifted with the pen, are rare curiosities. In the war of 1812 he was appointed major-general of the Ohio militia, with his headquarters at Cincinnati, to which city he had removed two years previous. In 1829 he was appointed surveyor-general of the public lands of Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, and died — in 1831 — while holding this important position. As a citizen he was dis tinguished for his public spirit and benevolence, and his personal appearance and character strikingly resembled President Jackson, who was his long and steadfast friend, personal and political. Gen. Lytle was the father of one of Ohio's most distin guished orators, the lamented Col. Robert T. Lytle, who represented Cincinnati in the Congress of the United States from 1833 to 1835. He was the grandfather of the brave and chivalrous Gen. William H. Lytle, Cincinnati's favorite son, who fell, in defense of his country, his flag, and the honor of his eloquent father and brave grandfather, at the bloody battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863, and who, aside from his military renown and heroic death, will ever be remembered as the gifted poet-soldier. His death came to him as he had so prophetically written years before : " On some lone spot, where, far from home and friends, The way-worn pilgrim on the turf reclining, His life and much of grief together ends." Before the war he frequently gave scope to his poetical genius, and some of his fugitive contributions to the public press are likely to retain a prominent place in American literature. His poem " Antony and Cleopatra" is such a gem that it deserves a place in this connection : " I am dying, Egypt, dying, Ebbs the crimson life-tide fast, And the dark Plutonian shadows Gather on the evening blast. Let thine arm, 0 Queen, enfold me, Hush thy sobs and bow thine ear, Listen to the great heart-secrets Thou and thou alone must hear. "Though my scarred and veteran legions Bear their eagles high no more, And my wrecked and scattered galleys Strew dark Actium's fatal shore; Though no glittering guards surround me, Prompt to do their master's will, I must perish like a Roman — Hie the great Triumvir still. " Let not Caesar's servile minions Mock the lion thus laid low ; 'Twas no foeinan's arm that felled him, 'Twas his own that struck the blow, — His who, pillowed on thy bosom, Turned aside from glory's ray, His who, drunk with thy caresses, Madly threw a world away. " Should the base plebeian rabble Dare assail my name at Rome, Where the noble spouse, Octavia, Weeps within her widowed home, Seek her j say the gods bear witness — Altars, augurs, circling wings — That her blood, with mine commingled, Yet shall mount the thrones of kings. " And for thee, star-eyed Egyptian ! Glorious sorceress of the Nile, Light the path to Stygian horrors With the splendors of thy smile ; Give the Caasar crowns and arches, Let his brow the laurel twine, I can scorn the Senate's triumphs, Triumphing in love like thine. "I am dying, Egypt, dying; Hark ! the insulting foeman's cry. They are coming! quick, my falchion, Let me front them ere I die. Ah ! no more amid the battle Shall my heart exulting swell: Isis and Osiris guard thee ! Cleopatra, Rome, farewell !" Although the name of Lytle is one of the earliest in the local history of Clermont, yet the deeds of the three men — William, Robert T., and William H. — which gave it a place in State renown also gave them a national fame, never to be effaced while our free institutions survive and their valor is told in the English tongue. While Gen. William Lytle may have at times, so common at an early day, when land was cheap, been careless and negligent in some of his real-estate transactions, he was the personification of honor, and never willfully injured mortal man. He was kind- hearted and generous, and his great confidence in friends nearly stripped him before his death of his entire posses sion. An avaricious and scheming man would certainly not have allowed himself to be bereft of such a vast prop erty, and whatever errors of this nature he may have com mitted never originated from his heart. DOWTY UTTER. Col. Dowty Utter, one of the old and best-known Ohio politicians, for native intellect, honesty of purpose, and stern, unyielding devotion to principle, was one of the men around whom the proudest recollections love to cluster. He was born Oct. 3, 1791, at Brownsville, Pa., and came when quite a small boy with his parents, a few years before the close of the last century, to Clermont County, and settled a few miles from Neville, in Washington township. Here he was able to obtain but a limited education, for school privileges in those days were hard to get in the then wilds of Ohio, and all the efforts of the pioneers were required to procure the substantials of a life bare of comforts and culture. But he was deeply read in the great book of na ture, and with it came a knowledge of men ; and yet with all this knowledge he not unfrequently allowed his heart to run away with his judgment. In a story of distress he could not, or rather would not, separate truth from falsehood, and continually allowed his good-nature to be imposed on. He was the standing security for small debts, for costs, and for purchases at the sales at public vendue, for he could not bring his generous heart to refuse, and the results were that he lost large sums in paying petty surety debts. In 1833 he was elected a justice of the peace for Washington township, and re-elected in 1836, and in his six years of 192 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. office he had settled and adjusted, without litigation, double the cases he tried, and would always invariably throw in his costs to get the litigants, often poor and needy, to com promise. In 1835 he was first elected to the General As sembly as representative, re-elected the next year, and in 1837 elected State senator for two years, and re-elected in 1839, and again in 1845, making eight years in almost continuous Legislative harness. If ever there was an unpolished diamond in human form ¦ — rough and with sharp edges, yet the more valuable from its roughness — that diamond was the long-time Senator or Representative Utter, of Clermont. He was a democrat and republican from birth, and no training could have made him otherwise. It was in-born, and he could not have rid himself of it if he would, and he would not if he could. His big heart beat in unison with the masses, — every feel ing of his nature was with the toiling millions, and to have made him adverse to their interests, the whole man must have been changed. Among the Legislative orators (and Ohio has produced as many and as good as any State in the Union) none in his day were listened to with more atten tion than the subject of this sketch. Yet in the scholastic .sense he was no orator. Occasionally he murdered the king's English, but there was a terseness about his speeches and an occasional burst of true eloquence which made him at all times a favorite speaker. He condensed his speeches, — they were always to the point, — and he had the faculty, rare to most speakers, of knowing when to quit. He was a man of unswerving truth, and he who would doubt the word of Dowty Utter on a matter of fact would be scouted by his party friends, no matter whether he was Whig or Democrat. A lack of truth, or even an evasion of it in debate, would draw from him his fiercest wrath, and that wrath was terrible. So fierce was he in denunciation of wrong that he acquired, and while in the Legislature re tained, the sobriquet of the " Democratic Meat- Axe," and although, as before stated, a kinder heart never beat in a man's bosom, yet the cognomen was well earned. In de bate, when excited, no man was quicker at a retort. In anger — for his temperament was of the sanguine — he no doubt said many things that he afterwards regretted, but never did he say a word in debate that he did not at the moment believe ; and what he thought he spoke, and spoke nothing he did not believe. In the councils of his party he was invaluable, and nothing more provoked him than a base truckling to expe diency. He was fond of quoting Gen. Jackson's admirable saying, " The right is always expedient," and no expedient that did not carry right with it found any favor in his eyes. In Col. Utter there was a rich vein of humor, of which a single anecdote will show. Col. Samuel Spangler, of Fairfield County, who had been senator time out of mind,— in truth, in age and term of service he was the father of the Senate, — like Col. Utter, was guilty of usino- words more common in his own neighborhood than in re fined society. His seat was immediately in front of the speaker; that of Col. Utter behind him on the left. One day, on opposing the passage of a bill, Col. Spangler said it was advocated on the ground that it would benefit Southern Ohio. To disprove this, he said the senator from Clermont stated that he did not care a " hait" about it. Col. Utter in a low voice, intended only for the ears of the Fairfield senator, said it was false. In an instant Spangler o-0t mad his eyes fairly flashed through his green spectacles as, turn ing to Col. Utter, he said, "You did say so, — you told me so with your own mouth I" A question of veracity be tween these senators created a sensation that caused quite a commotion, bringing the Governor of the State and mem bers of the House in great numbers into the chamber, and emptying all the offices of the various departments to see the emeute between the two most able and distinguished senators in Ohio. Soon Col. Utter rose to reply : " I told you no such thing, sir. I did say to you that I didn't care a Continental damn whether the bill passed or not ; but sir, I never used the word hait so improperly in my life !" This explanation — Satan rebuking sin — for a time destroyed the gravity of the Senate and convulsed with laughter Governor Shannon and the sedate Supreme Court judges, who had filed in to witness the scene, and no one seemed to enjoy and relish the affair more than the honorable Pair- field senator himself. No sketch of a public man can be complete or of interest that is all in praise, and, although Dowty Utter had fewer foibles than most men, yet he had one which, as he used it, was of but small account. Every man, it is said, must dis sipate somewhat, and Col. Utter's dissipation was playing euchre. He was a capital player, and loved it well, yet he never played for money. But the most desperate gamester could not watch the progress of the game where his all was at stake with more interest than did Col. Utter when play ing with his friends for amusement. He usually, nay, always, carried a large jack-knife with him to cut his to bacco, and that jack-knife was always on the table before him to tally his game. Lying closed on the table it counted one ; the blade one-quarter opened counted two ; half opened, three ; opened its full length, four ; and when the next " point" was made the jack-knife went back to Col. Utter's breeches' pocket until he made one in the next game. When playing with the chief dignitaries of the land, in the finest parlors of Cincinnati, Columbus, Washington, or New York cities, amid the assembled fashionable butterflies of the day, the " brusque Clermont senator" ever used his old farm jack-knife to count his points in the game of euchre, then so universally played. When in the Legislature it was found necessary to send a special agent of the State across the ocean to London to negotiate a loan of some two millions of dollars to com plete the great canals of Ohio, whose effects upon the im provements and prosperity of the State, in affording to the farmers of the interior an easy access to market, enhancing the value of their farms and productions, facilitating com munication between different sections, and tending to make the people more united as well as prosperous, cannot be too greatly estimated. The political party of which Col. Utter was a member, and its leading one, so to speak, in a caucus, which was conclusive as the party was then in power, unan imously selected Col. Utter to proceed as the agent to Eng land to raise the funds. The scene in the caucus that fol lowed his selection would be a fit subject for the painter, for the rough old farmer-senator of " Bear Creek," with DISTINGUISHED MEN. 193 tears in his eyes and with the diffidence of a noble and brave man, declined the honor, saying a man must be chosen whose manners and address would not defeat the grand undertaking by exciting the ridicule and derision of the money-lords of London, who would be too apt to judge of the State's resources by the air and style of the envoy it sent to raise funds for its needful improvements. And so another man went ; but those who knew Utter best say he could have shown in the fashionable saloons of the British metropolis as much ease and courtly grace as the most noted of America's polished cavaliers. At the grand gubernatorial party, the first evening fol lowing Governor Wilson Shannon's first inauguration, it fell to the lot of Col. Utter and Mrs. Col. Robert T. Lytle — one of the most beautiful and accomplished ladies of the land — -to receive the guests, embracing the elite of Ohio and neighboring States ; and although Col. Utter was loath to make the trial, he did, and won the plaudits of the fash ionable guests and received the warmest praise from his fair assistant, one of the best judges in the Union of digni fied ceremony and courtly graces. In 1844, Col. Utter failed of the Democratic nomination for Governor by only one vote in the committee of the convention that reported the nominee, David Tod being successful; but the same convention unanimously made him one of the two sena torial electors on the ticket for President and Vice-Presi dent,—" Polk and Dallas." The last appearance of Colonel Utter in public was in the summer of 1862, at a public meeting in McMurchy's Grove, at Felicity, to raise volunteers to recruit Company K of the Fifty-ninth Ohio Regiment Infantry. Aged and palsied, but with clear mind and patriotic impulses, he pre sided at this meeting, and in warm eulogy for the " Union flag and its sacred cause," introduced the speaker of the day, — Judge Owen T. Fishback. We must not forgot to state that Utter's old Legislative friends and colleagues never forgot him when they came to Clermont, and Judge John L. Green (still on the bench in the Columbus district), who had been in the Legislature with Utter many years before, and though then a staunch Whig, he and Utter were bosom friends. Judge Green, after the new constitution went iuto effect, came down to Batavia to hold district court, and as soon as he got out of the stage inquired of the court clerk, " Shall Col. Utter be here at court ?" and the clerk replied he thought not, as the colonel had no suit on the dockets and was a witness in no case. The judge then ordered the clerk to have Utter subpoenaed in some case, and that night the sheriff rode twenty-five miles through the mud, over dirt-roads, and subpoenaed the colonel. The next morning, just after court had been opened, in came Col. Utter, wondering " why in thunder !" he had been summoned in a case about which he never had heard, and of which he knew less than the man in the moon. Judge Green caught " Old Senator's" quizzing eye, and instantly adjourning the court till next day, came down from the bench and grasped, with tears in his eyes, the honest hands of his old friend, and straightway took him to his rooms at the hotel, where all day long old times were talked over, with an occasional glass of hot toddy to renew the days of 25 '• Auld Lang Syne," when, as the two chieftains of opposite political parties, they ruled and enjoyed themselves at the State capital. Col. Utter was never deaf to the entreaties of a person in distress, — black or white, — and once, while senator, he kept and succored in his house overnight a poor, bleeding fugitive slave, and filled his purse the next morning, to continue his journey northward, which incident is related in " Uncle Tom's Cabin," but with no name given. In later life Col. Utter became poor comparatively, — though he had plenty for all his wants, and kind friends and relatives to attend to his long sickness,- — security debts impoverishing him. His constituents thought they had a lifelong lease on Dowty Utter for senator, but he refused further nominations. He died in the autumn of 1863, and was buried on the banks of the beautiful Ohio River, which in his long and honorable life he loved so well. Just back of Chilo, in the handsome little cemetery adjoining tho farm of Dr. Allen Woods, and near the old homestead of James Sargent, member of the Constitutional Convention of 1802, and from which is obtained the finest landscape and river scenery in Ohio, all that was mortal of Dowty Utter was interred, with the mystic rites and grand honors of the Masonic order, of which, for over a third of a century, he had been a true and zealous member. When the light of earth was shut out from his sight, to give place to that of another and a better world, Dowty Utter left many, very many friends to bless, but none to curse his memory, which is still green in the hearts of those who knew him ; and no man in Clermont ever had warmer or more sincere friends than Dowty Utter. THOMAS MORRIS. " His memory should be kept freshly living among the lovers of liberty and progress" was the language of Salmon P. Chase on hearing of the death of Thomas Blorris ; and in response to this noble utterance of the chief among the towering intellects of humanity's cause in America, Ohio will ever honor and hold in grateful remembrance the ser vices and memories of her first legislators, and those who, in her subsequent history, with earnestness and ability, maintained the principles of freedom which gave her birth and by which she has risen to unexampled prosperity and greatness. It is a debt of gratitude due from the people of ' this State to honor the memories and to perpetuate, in their historical annals, the labors of those earliest legislators and founders of the fame and greatness of Ohio, — men who or namented the State by their private virtues and public ser vices. Identified with the legislative history of Ohio for fifteen eventful years as a member of both branches of the General Assembly, a United States senator for six years, and connected with the politics of the country most actively for nearly a half-century, it is most proper and befitting that the couuty in which he arose from humble obscurity and poverty to national renown and distinction should, in its history, give his name that place and rank which his great ability and patriotic services entitle it. In 1637 the first representative of the Morris family — a name prominent in English history and redolent with patriotism (of which stock some fell among the martyrs in the reign of "Bloody Mary," and others have a place in the history of the par- 194 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. liamentary struggles with Charles I., and in the campaigns of Cromwell)— came from England and settled in Massa chusetts, from whom numerous and honorable descendants sprang, and the head of that first family bore the name of Thomas, the same as he whose life and services are pre sented in this sketch. Uniformly the Morrises were found iu Great Britain on the side of freedom, and the name is brightly extant with the glowing annals of England, Scot land, Ireland, America, and Wales, from which last coun try the ancestral family of the subject cf this article came. Isaac, the father of Thomas Morris, was born in Berks Co., Pa., in 1740, and bis mother, Ruth Henton, in 1750, being the daughter of a Virginia planter. Nine sons and three daughters were the fruits of their marriage, of whom Thomas, John, Benjamin, and David came to Ohio, the first three at length settling in Clermont and David in Warren County; and the names of the others were Daniel, Isaac, James, Joseph, Henton, Hannah, Hester, and Mary. All these twelve lived to be men and women, and from them sprang a large number of descendants, scattered now over almost the entire West. Thomas was the fifth child, and was born Jan. 3, 1776, six months before the promul gation of American independence, and first saw the light of earth under the reign of a British king. Soon after his birth his parents moved to Western Virginia and settled in the wilds of Harrison County, near Clarksburg. They were exemplary Christians of the Baptist Church, and tbe father was u. faithful minister of that denomination, preach ing for sixty years the gospel, never failing in a single ap pointment, and never taking a dose of medicine, and at last, at the ripe old age of ninety-one, was gathered, in 1830, to his Maker on high, whose word he had spoken iu trials and tribulations for threescore years to saints and sinners alike. The mother of Thomas Morris was one of those noble Revolutionary women whose sacred memories will live in history as long as the language of English annals endures ; and as the daughter of a Virginia slaveholder, she refused to receive her patrimonial inheritance of four human chattels, and would do no act that would recognize the right of one man or woman to make another njan or woman a slave. The college of Thomas Morris was the mountain-wilds of Virginia, and there he graduated with a diploma from nature and a blessing from a Christian mother. At four teen he made a full hand in the harvest-field ; at sixteen he shouldered his musket to repel the aggressions of the In dians ; at seventeen he served several months in Capt. Levi Morgan's company of rangers, stationed in the wilderness between Marietta and Steubenville, in Ohio. In 1795, Thomas Morris, nineteen years of age and full of vigor, spirit, and enterprise, arrived, fresh from the moun tains of Western Virginia, in Columbia, just above Cin cinnati. He was immediately employed as a clerk in the store of Rev. John Smith, the then famous Baptist preacher, to whom he had brought letters from his father, Preacher *5saac Morris. Smith was a remarkable man, possessed of varied talent and a versatile genius. He was a successful merchant, an adroit politician, a sagacious legislator, and an able divine. A contemporary, Judge John Pollock, of Clermont, said of him : " As an ox-driver no man was his superior ; at a log-rolling or horse-racing he was the fore most man ; at the end of a hand-spike few could outlift him ; and the Sabbath day would find him in the pulpit an able advocate of the doctrines of Christianity and ofthe Baptist denomination ; and as a member of Congress he stood among the great men of the nation. Smith, however fell a victim to the machinations of Aaron Burr's conspiracy resigned his seat in the United States Senate in 1807, fled from Ohio, and ended bis career in dishonor and poverty in Louisiana." On Nov. 19, 1797, two years after he reached the Colum bia settlement, Thomas Morris married Miss Rachel Davis daughter of Benjamin Davis, originally from Lancaster Co., Pa., but direct from Mason Co., Ky. She was reared in the midst of the privations, of a pioneer life, and was the fitting companion of him who was to endure the hardships of a new country, and to achieve his own fortune and character. And here let us add that the pioneer women of the West were efficient and faithful participators in the great work of laying the foundations of the new empire, and endured with patient heroism the dangers and priva tions of a backwoods life. In the year 1800 — two years before Ohio was admitted into the Union, and six months before Clermont County was created — Thomas Morris and his wife Rachel removed from Columbia to Williamsburgh, then a part of Hamilton County, but soon to be the shire town of the new county of Clermont. This removal was most fortunate in the sequel for Mr. Morris, for here his energies found an 'active field for development, and he re solved to be a successful winner. Without friends, with out pecuniary means, with a growing family, without a preceptor, and with but a few books, he commenced in 1802 the study of law. Early and late he was at his legal books, and after the hard labors of the day were over night found him at his studies, reading Blackstone, not by the light of an astral lamp, nor yet by the common light of a tallow candle, for his poverty forbade him even this cheap convenience, but by the light afforded by hickory bark or a clapboard in his cabin, and often from a brick-kiln which he was burning for the support of his family. Under these formidable difficulties, with a resolute pur pose and an iron will, he pushed his way onward, and reached the goal before him. Completing two years of study, he was admitted to practice as an attorney- and counselor-at-law, having passed a most creditable examina tion before a committee consisting of those three men who afterwards all sat on the Supreme bench of Ohio, one in the Senate of Congress, and one in the United States Supreme Court at Washington, — Joshua Collett, Jacob Burnet, and John McLean. For the next forty years Morris was among the first of the bright galaxy of lawyers who met at the " Clermont Bar." Before a jury there were none who surpassed him in effect and power, and, although engaged in almost every case in court, he ever maintained an eminence equal to the highest, and was a most success ful winner in the field of legal honors. A successful lawyer for forty years, yet he never encouraged litigation, and bis maxim was, " It ought to be our aim to prevent litigation, as far as compatible with the ends and rules of justice. His services as a lawyer were rendered as willingly and energetically to the poor as the rich ; and, indeed, he was DISTINGUISHED MEN. 195 generally on the side of the poor ; if it had not been so, his ability as an advocate would have yielded him an im mense fortune. With him the right was the great leading motive, and the effort to violate it stirred the strongest energies of his nature, and brought him down on his ad versary with an irresistible force and power. In 1804, Mr. Morris, with his family, removed from Williamsburgh to Bethel, which town soon arose to impor tance, and for long years disputed with Williamsburgh the question of supremacy as the metropolis of the county, and where he made his home till his death. In 1806 he was elected a representative from Clermont (David C. Bryan was declared elected, and receiving his certificate took his seat, but on a contest the House unseated him and admitted Morris), and took his seat at Zanesville, then the capital of Ohio. In the Legislature he was a prominent and active participator, and his abilities soon placed him among the first of the distinguished men who from year to year met in the legislative halls. No matter what party was in power, he was chairman of the most important committees, most generally the judiciary, and often appointed special commit tees. His influence, in the judgment of contemporaries, was always equal to any in the Legislature, and he labored for the equal rights of all, and to conform the action of civil government to the true doctrines of democracy, and the principles of justice and Christian morality. He was opposed to all chartered monopolies, and to all legislation which gave one class civil privileges above another. He be lieved the traffic in spirituous liquors as a beverage was a moral wrong, and on all occasions voted to restrain the evil by putting the price of license up to the highest possible sum, so as to prohibit it altogether; and used his influence against all lotteries. The common schools found in him its warmest friend, and the law of imprisonment for debt — that relic of barbarous ages, and whose terrible rigor he had personally felt while a poor young man — was swept away by the progress of purer and more Christian views, and for its extinction no man in Ohio labored with more earnest ability. He sought, as a legislator, to keep tbe taxes as low as the necessity of the government would per mit, and opposed all extravagant expenditures of the public money. He early advocated the doctrine, now so popular, of making all offices elective. In 1828 he introduced a bill in the Senate to allow juries before justices of the peace; and the next year one that judges should not charge juries as to matters of fact, but might sum up the evidence and declare the law. In 1812 he obtained the passage of the bill allowing each person who had a family to hold twelve sheep, also the wool, and the yarn cloth manufactured by such families, exempt from all executions for payment of debts. In 1828 he endeav ored to obtain a law taxing all chartered institutions, and such manufactories as foundries, glass-houses, mills,- and distilleries, and exempt all dwellings from taxation. He had faith in the future greatness and grandeur of Ohio, although he alone, of all the public men in the State, strenuously opposed the system of canals, and declared his convictions of the impractical nature of such a system of internal improvements to develop the State*. But he made a prophecy, which has been fully realized, that in twenty- five years Ohio would be covered with a net-work of rail roads, and the canals superseded ; and the present day con firms his prophecy aud sagacity. An incident will illustrate the wonderful progress of Ohio, and the rapid transit over its area, when compared with her condition half a century ago. At an adjournment of tho Legislature, in March, 1827, heavy rains had made the ordinary mud-roads from the capital impassable for the " stage," then in common use. The streams were overflowing their banks, rendering a home ward return of the members almost impossible, but Mr. Morris determined to conquer all obstacles. The Scioto River, on whoso banks the capital has stood for sixty-four years, afforded an egress for some of the members. A canoe, or, in Western dialect, a " dug-out," was made and put upon the rapid current of the swollen river, and Mr. Morris and Col. Robert T. Lytle, an eloquent and able re presentative from Hamilton County, embarked with their baggage in this frail water-craft for home. A passage of some hundred miles brought them to Portsmouth, where the Scioto mingles its waters with the Ohio, and there, taking an old-fashioned small steamboat, they safely reached their homes, after a perilous journey of four days, Morris landing at New Richmond and " Bob Lytle" going on to Cincinnati. This transit now, by rail, occupies but four hours. In this county he was most active in building up a fund for the support of the common schools, aud for several years acted as commissioner of the county school funds, and to him more than to any other person or agency is Clermont indebted — he having laid the foundation long years ago — for its present system of schools. In 1808 he was again elected a representative, with William Fee as his colleague, and in this, the Seventh General Assembly, Mr. Morris made a reputation coextensive with the State, and established his claims as a great public leader. Articles of impeachment were presented against Calvin Pease and John . Tod, two of tbe judges of Ohio, the former a Common Pleas and the latter a Supreme judge (as elsewhere more fully narrated in this book), and Mr. Morris was appointed to conduct the impeachment on the part of tbe House before the bar of the -Senate ; and- the historical record shows that he performed the duty with ability and with such honor and distinction as to secure him his election as one of the Supreme judges of Ohio by the same Legislature. But after a protracted trial, the impeachment, lacking the necessary two-thirds vote, was not sustained, and by a sub sequent act of the succeeding Legislature he was prevented from taking his seat on the Supreme bench, being, as it were, legislated out of office. However, he performed one official act as judge, in administering, in November, 1809, the official oath of office to Oliver Lindsey, sheriff-elect of Clermont. In 1810 he was again representative, with John Pollock as colleague; also in 1811. In 1813 he was first chosen senator. In 1820 he went to the House again ; and in 1821 was the second time elected senator, and the third time in 1825. The fourth in 1827, and fifth in 1831. While occupying this position as State senator for the last time, the crowning honor to Mr. Morris and to Clermont County was conferred in his election for the full term of six years as United States senator of Ohio from 196 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. March 4, 1833, to March 4, 1839, to succeed Benjamin Buggies, who had held his seat for eighteen years. He was^nominated by the caucus of his party (Democratic) over such distinguished chieftains as Judge Reuben Wood (afterwards Governor), Judge John M. Goodenow, Daniel ' P. Leadbetter, of Holmes County, and Judge Humphrey H. Leavitt (afterwards of the United States District Court of Ohio). The vote stood on joint ballot in the Legisla ture : Thomas Morris, 54 ; John W. Campbell (Whig), 49 ; scattering, 4 (including Morris' own vote) ; and thus by one majority he went to the United States Senate, where for four years Thomas Ewing was his colleague from the State, and for the other two William Allen. The year before (1832) he had received his party nom ination for Congress in the Adams, Brown, and Clermont district against Judge Owen T. Fishback, the Whig nom inee, but Gen. Thomas L. Hamer, running as an indepen dent Democrat, defeated, in a poll of six thousand, two hundred and seventy-six votes, Morris by one hundred and fifty-six votes ; hence the popular verdict in Ohio in 1833 was that Morris' election to the United States Senate righted his wrongs and was otherwise a wise choice for the State. In 1826 he had been offered the nomination for the same position against Judge Jacob Burnet, but his party being that year in the minority he wisely declined the honor till a more fitting time, which at last came, as above narrated. Mr. Morris had no sooner taken his seat in the Senate of the United States, on the opening of the session in Decem ber, 1833, than he became actively identified with the grow ing anti-slavery movements against the extension and the aggressions of the slave-power ; and while on other subjects but slavery he was in full accord with his party, on that he was independent and had his own views that the party lash and party caucus could not change or move. To him were addressed the petitions and memorials from all parts of the land on this topic, and covering every conceivable phase of tho subject, in a legal, legislative, constitutional, moral, and political sense, and in spite of the frowns and entreaties of his party he would introduce them all. Agitation is the source of light and progress, securing the triumph of truth and the downfall of error and despot ism, and in Mr. Morris the apostles of human freedom in the Union found their first beacon-light, their first champion, and first true representative in the American Senate. The Congress of 1837 and 1838 saw a deep and extended agi tation of this now paramount question in the land, — this vexed question, like an ever-present apparition, returning and demanding a rehearing, and Mr. Morris, in an able and elaborate speech, replied to the arguments of the dis tinguished John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, and which attracted the attention of the entire country by its bold and truthful utterances. Henry Clay, on the 7th of February, 1839, with all his fascinating eloquence, eminent abilities, and great political influence, made a great speech to counteract and arrest the public agitation of slavery. Who was to speak for freedom ? Was it Webster, Buchanan, or Silas Wright? No. Their voices and votes, like Clay and Calhoun's, were for^ timid compromise, delay, and no agitation. But the firm patriot, Thomas Morris, who made the welfare of mankind his care, dared to speak while tyrant senators frowned on him. Two days after Clay's speech Morris replied to it in his last speech in Congress, and in the mightiest and crowning effort of his life, concluding with these prophetic words (golden in the light of subsequent events and the hateful rebellion) : " Though our national sins are many and grievous, yet repentance, like that of ancient Nineveh, may yet divert from us that impending danger which seems to hang over our heads as by a single hair. That all may be safe, I conclude that the negro will yet be free." This noble speech startled the Senate, produced a marked sensation throughout the country, and electrified the warm hearts of humanity the world over. He could not have chosen a better topic for a valedictory speech on the eve of his retirement from the Senate. That venerable Quaker poet, John G. Whittier, then a young editor, said in his paper, and which was the best criticism on this speech, " The old painters, in tbe imperfection of their art, were wont to underwrite upon their canvas, 'this is a horse;' 'that is a lion;' but Thomas Morris needs no label,— he stands confessed the lion of the day." The 9th of February, 1839, was a most memorable day in the political life of Thomas Morris and in the history of the Senate of the United State. On that day he laid the corner-stone in the monument of his fame and character in a great speech, replete with the principles of freedom, and uttered under the inspiration of their truth and importance. It was an occasion of unusual interest. All efforts to pre vent agitation on slavery had failed, and the voice of free dom, ever instinct with life, would be heard, and that voice still rang loud and clear in both halls of the National Leg islature, — aye, agitators would agitate, and the public coun cils of the nation, following in the lead and by the great example of Ohio's senator, were the arena for the third of a century for the battle between freedom and slavery, till at last the latter succumbed on a field of carnage, and the Union was saved in the death and extinction of human bondage. The rigid creed of political parties allows no liberal lati tude in the expression of opinion, and the party of which Mr. Morris was a member, and with which on every sub ject but slavery he was in full unison, refused to re-elect him to the Senate, and in less than a month after the de livery of his speech that startled the world he left the national councils, never again to return to public life,— an exile, politically, for views far in advance of those that then generally obtained in the North. A committee of his party of the Ohio Legislature, consisting of Thomas J. Buchanan, John Brough, and David Tod, — and a singular coincidence is that the last two were afterwards " War Gover nors" of Ohio for freedom and liberty, — on Dec. 7, 1838, addressed a communication to Mr. Morris as a sort of polit ical catechism, and Mr. Morris answered it in his bold and independent way with language characteristic of a moral hero ; but it sealed his doom. Judge Benjamin Tappan, of Steubenville, was nominated and elected as his successor, as he was supposed to favor the discountenancing and op posing of all anti-slavery doctrines. Tappan and Morris were old personal and political friends, had served together in the Legislature, and met often in the legal forum, and DISTINGUISHED MEN. 197 Judge Tappan, who came of a distinguished anti-slavery family, for a year or so was rather quiet on the slavery topic, but ere his term closed his early convictions con trolled him, and he was nearly as zealous as Mr. Morris in his opposition to the arrogant slave dynasty. Mr. Morris now soon became identified with the " Lib erty Party," and labored for its efficient organization and success, traveling in different States, attending conventions, making speeches, and writing letters. In August, 1843, this party of freedom's pioneers met at Buffalo to nominate candidates for President and Vice-President for the election of 1844. Every State but New Hampshire was represented, and more than a thousand delegates were in attendance. Leicester King, of Ohio, presided, and for President James G. Birney, of Michigan, was nominated, and for Vice-Presi dent Thomas Morris, of Ohio. In 1840 this party polled but seven thousand votes, but the above ticket received sixty-two thousand one hundred and sixty-three at the No vember election of 1844, and shortly after the campaign closed this good and great man passed away to a better world. He died suddenly, on the 7th day of December, 1844. In perfect health, with his intellectual powers un impaired by age, his physical system in vigorous activity, and his heart still warm in the cause of human freedom ; he was stricken down by a fatal attack of apoplexy. En gaged in the early morning in making preparation for a visit of affection, to bring the invalid family of his eldest living daughter to the paternal home, he felt the disease coming upon him. He hastily entered his dwelling, sank upon the floor, and with an audible voice exclaiming three times, " Lord have mercy on me !" expired in less than five minutes. He died at his loved homestead farm, four miles from Bethel, and on the following Monday, the third day since his death, his remains were entombed in the grave-yard at Bethel, in the presence of a vast concourse of neighbors, friends, and relatives. Throughout the land his death was noticed by the friends of freedom with appropriate tokens of sorrow and tributes to his memory and services. The spot of his burial is in the retired and beautiful rural village of Bethel, in Clermont County, in the service of which he so long labored as a lawyer and legislator. If ever the 'over of liberty or the friend of suffering humanity should visit that spot — grand historical ground — he will find in that cemetery of the dead a marble monument which the filial affection of his children has erected to his memory, and on that monument may be read this brief inscription : Thomas Morris : Born January 3d, 1776. Died December 7th, 1844. Aged 69 years. Unawed by power, and uninfluenced by flattery, He was, throughout life, the fearless advocate of Human Liberty. READER WRIGHT CLARKE, reputed the greatest political strategist the county has ever produced, was born at Bethel, May 18, 1812. Before eighteen he had mastered the art of printing, and subse quently distinguished himself in the editorial profession. As an attorney he attained prominence, but as a politician he was pre-eminent. His political career began in 1840, when he was elected by the Whigs to the General Assembly, where he evinced unusual legislative ability, which secured him future preferment. He was the able representative to Congress of the Clermont district from 1864 to 1868, the reconstruction period, and always arrayed himself on the -side of those who held radical views towards the States lately in rebellion. Subsequently he held honorable posi tions in the United States Treasury Department, but was obliged by ill health to retire from active duty in 1870. On the 23d of May, 1872, he died at his home in Batavia, and in the history of that township in this book a further sketch of his life is given. JAMES F. SARGENT. This was probably the most singularly-gifted man in the county. No native of Clermont had a greater command of language than he, and to none did this faculty seem of less value. Instead of cultivating the pure forms of speech, and employing them in the advocacy of measures which affected the welfare of his fellow-men, as he was so abun dantly able, he allowed himself to fall into the habit of using words that were seldom employed to express the simplest ideas, most generally monosyllabic ones ; and his speech, instead of being persuasive, proved at best but a diversion. This habit grew upon him until it seemed a part of his nature, and even after he desired to break him self of it he could not do so. He became an oddity, yet having many good parts and fine attainments was elected to the Legislature in 1843. Among his fellow-legislators he was known as " Dictionary Sargent," and they would have rare sport with him in session and at nights, hearing him speak in his inimitable manner. The speech which is here subjoined was delivered on one such occasion in the pres ence of the assembled legislators, Governor, State officials, and the most distinguished personages of Ohio. A few months later, in 1844, Mr. Sargent died, while in the dis charge of his duties at Columbus, and not many years ago his remains were brought to Clermont, and reinterred at Felicity. Aside from this foible Mr. Sargent was a worthy man, and greatly esteemed for his amiable qualities. The speech referred to was on history, and is produced here merely as a literary curiosity : " The knowledge of history has an accessory convergency to extruc- ture, a cireumvallation circumventional to the pestiferous exudation of the human heart, instigated by the correlate semnifications of ver nacular engenderment in our nature and subsidiary to extimulate to the practice of morality and virtue by the desideratum conglomera tion of its multiferous hypostatieal, besides embrocating the mind with a diaphornical and antidilapidational synopsis, imparting a knowledge of the past. It is, indeed, the exclusive matallsphic ve hicle through which we can become acquainted with exorbitant and interesting facts of antiquity which alias would have been veiled from us by the ebony intercipient of lenebrosity to the admiration of the pruriently disquisitional and perforating philosophic mind, though it may have sought for and obtained a knowledge of nature's interior and extrinsical by a circumforaneous peregrination through its con cavity. It is the only hieroglypsical dioptric commensurate with which we can focus to adjacent vision, so as to intelligibly ventilate the consectaneous effluence of the book of fate. In this only mirror we can trace notions in their upward proclivity towards the goal of their serial acme, their meridian profluence, the trepidational and spasmodic ebullition of kingdoms and yulational narrative of their engulphment in the noisome abyss of destruction. 198 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. " Through this medium we can hold voluminous colloquies with ancient sages and renowned statesmen whose lofty genius and acana- tious intellects achieved for antique nations literary encircling ama ranthine wreaths that once embellished their palecious temples of fame, for whose happiness the pendutus ether seemed to blow, evinc ing heaven's philanthropy to profuse erogation, together with the fructiferous recourse of agriculture and paramymphal boom of acts. " History enables us to take a survey of man by a retrogradational perambulation in his primordial state, being in a condition of moral proximity to his Maker located and happy in terrestrial delectable paradise or paradissum voluptatis, and pursue him through the devious zigzags of the arbicular whirl of versatility and eventful resolutions in the area of expanded casuality and the interjacent expansion of contingency to the present time. "From history we acquire a knowledge of the ephemeral transi- toriness of human affairs, the misanthropistieal syndrome of nefarious aspirants organically winding their interdicted way through the ambidextrous pathway of culpable duplicity and ruthless assassina tion to wield imperial sceptres and immolate the immunities, the tranquillity and happiness of mankind, upon the execrably assumed altar of their reprehensibly acquired regal power; also in a dilatep and sky banking proruption is semipellucidly delineated the world's conBgurational prospsea emitina, a corruscation that enables us to project a vatiscination of the future, as well as to marshal the va cillation of the past for a paradigm restricted to homogeneous prin ciples. It embalms the memory of the past, and has interposed a conservatine dike that has prevented the dramatic and didactic re sources of beacon protreptrical from being entombed in the shuttle- fleeting pernicity of the elapsed fragment of eternity, which has in its climacteric circumgyrate become identified with sempiternia du ration beyond the flood." CHAPTER XX. MILITAKY HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY. Many of the pioneers of Southwestern Ohio rendered valiant service in the struggle for American independence. Clermont had a fair proportion of these heroic fathers, whose valor and sufferings are recounted at the fireside of many a home of the present generation. In most instances their names are given in the several township histories, and are here omitted to avoid repetition. In 1840 the Revo lutionary pensioners living in the county were John Hulick and Nathaniel Reeves, of Batavia ; Oakey Van Osdol, of Tate ; John Dennis, Hugh Maloy, and Barton Lowe, of Monroe; Nehemiah Ward, Thomas Manning, John Wheeler, Christian Placard, James Arthur, and Zebulon Applegate, of Ohio ; Wm. Cowen, of Stonelick ; James Carter, of Wayne; John Hare and Sarah S toner, of Jackson. In the struggle for the perpetuation of the rights wrested from Great Britain, or in the war of 1812-15, the county contributed liberally of the best element of its population to the number of several hundred men. These constituted companies commanded by Capt. Jacob Boerstler, of Wil liamsburgh ; Robert Haines, of New Richmond ; Wm. Mc- Mains, of Milford ; Stephen Smith, of Williamsburgh ; and John Shaw, of New Richmond. A part of another company went from Bethel and Brown County. Notwith standing we have made most diligent efforts to obtain complete rosters of these companies, we have succeeded in getting only the first two. Of Capt. John Shaw's company Elijah Nichols was first lieutenant, Hugh Ferguson ensign Obadiah Winans first sergeant ; and Philip Nichols Timothy Rardin, and James Robb belonged to the com pany, which was formed in the latter stages of the war and although the service was for six months no enemy was ever seen. Of Capt. Stephen Smith's company a wood account is given in the sketch of the Rev. Wm. H. Raper in a preceding chapter. The names of many of the sol diers of 1812 appear in the pioneer sketches of the settlers of the different townships. A number of the citizens of the county served in Kentucky regiments, either on in dividual enlistments or having a company connection. No rolls of Clermont companies are in the military department at Columbus. The roster of the Williamsburgh Company of Riflemen which was in service from April 24, 1812, to Oct. 24, 1812 a period of six months, is given below. The company formed a part of the Third Regiment of Ohio militia, but in the march to Detroit was attached to Col. Cass' rci- o ment of the First Brigade of the First Division. It was engaged at the battle of Brownstown, where four of its men were killed, Aug. 4, 1812, and Daniel McCullom after wards died of wounds received in the same engagement. Captain, Jacob Boerstler, killed at Brownstown. ^jieutenant, Thomas Kain ; promoted to captain, August 13th. Ensign, Thomas Foster; promoted to lieutenant, August 13th. Sergeants, Daniel Campbell, Edward Brown, Holly Raper, John Con- rey. Corporals, Samuel Raper, John Hankins, Jasper Shotwell (promoted ensign, August 13th), Cornelius Treble. Musicians, Augustine Munson, Oliver Hays. Isaac Colthar. William Davis. James Denham. Simon Kenton. Daniel McCullom. William Wardlow (killed). Hugh Wardlow. Peter Waits. James Colthar. Lewis Davis. John Feight. George Hunt. Peter Smith. Charles Waits. John W. Feight. John Buchanan. James McCann. Joseph Brunk. George MoMillen. George Neff. AVilliam Compton. James Chambers. Thomas Williams. Daniel Gould. Richard Dennis. John Oakman. Hiram Harris. John Frazee. John Davis. John Reed. William Digley. Michael Ellsberry. Jonas Jolliver. Reuben Waits. Abner Arthur (killed). John Naylor. Watson Stephens (killed). Richard Smallwood. Samuel Malott. Archibald Gibson. John D. Walker. John Losh. Jonathan Little. Joseph Martin. Joseph Wood. Capt. Robert Haines' company of mounted volunteers, which served in the State of Ohio, in the year 1813, on a tour of duty for the relief of Fort Meigs and Fort Stephen son, serving from July 27th until August 13th, a period of sixteen days, was as follows : Captain, Robert Haines. Lieutenant, Hugh Ferguson. Ensign, Jonathan Donham. Sergeants, James Robb, Hezekiah Lindsey, Isaac Ferguson, James Arthur. Corporals, Thomas Littleton, Nathan Sutton, William Donham, Thomas Welch. MILITARY HISTORY. 199 John Whittaker. Daniel Snider. Aquilla MeCord. Nicholas Pritchet. Isaiah Pritchet. Peter Bolander. John Mattox. Elijah Mallot. Daniel Apple. James Fitzpatrick. Henry Cuppy. Francis Ferguson. John Morin. Edward Chapman. Robert Chapman. Edward Roberts. Josiah Bettle. George Lewis. Reuben Lord. Samuel Long. Hamilton Miller. David Rardin. William Nichols. Philip Nichols. John Behymer. Levi Behymer. Martin Behymer. Jacob Kinsoy. John Dillmiin. Michael Lane. David Whito. William Bell. Benj. Morin. Jacob Short. Horatio G. Cleft. William Laycock. Levi Pinkham. John C. Dial. CLERMONT IN THE MEXICAN WAR. The war between the United States and Mexico began in May, 1846, and the first battle which was fought be tween the armies of the two republics was on the 8th of May, 1846, at Palo Alto, on the east side of the Rio Grande. Soon after the declaration of war by the Congress of the United States Ohio was called upon, and sent three regi ments of volunteers, commanded by Cols. George W. Morgan, 0. M. Mitchell, and Curtis, and which left for the Rio Grande about July 1, 1846. These regiments were recruited for one year, in which time it was universally believed the existing difficulties and the war would close. In June, 1847, the war was still in progress, and more troops were called for from Ohio, which she promptly fur nished by sending the Fourth Regiment, commanded by Col. Charles H. Brough, and which departed in July of that year. On July 28, 1847, information was received at Batavia that another regiment of volunteers was called for from Ohio ; but it turned out to be an order to reorganize the Second Regiment, just returned from the seat of war. Almost every county in the State had either sent or prof fered a company to the United States for the army in Mexico, except Clermont ; and a few patriotic young men in and about Batavia, thinking it would be rather dishonor able to old Clermont not to be represented in the army for the defense of the American flag, determined to send a company. A notice was accordingly given to. the public, through a small hand-bill, — headed "To Arms 1" — stating that a roll had been opened for the reception of names of all those who were desirous of enlisting to go to Mexico. At this hour the prospects of peace were gloomier than they had been for a long time preceding. Mexico had as sembled all her forces in her capital, fortified the various roads leading to it, and Gen. Scott, with his small army, was preparing to move ou and give the Mexicans battle at the very heart of their republic. The call was promptly responded to by young men all over Clermont, who, seeing the country's danger, were found rushing to its support. In five days the two rolls at Batavia and Olive Branch had sixty names, and it was agreed to meet at the former place, on August 10th, to elect officers, and the following were elected: Captain, John W. Lowe; First Lieutenant, S. R. S. West ; Second Lieutenant, Milton Jamieson ; Third Lieutenant, William Howard. The company then chose for itself as a name the " Clermont Boys." It was some time before word was received whether the company would be received into the reorganized Second Regiment or not, which delay dampened the spirit of many of the men, who had wound up their business and were getting impatient to be transferred from the life of a citi zen to that of a soldier ; hence many left for Camp Wool and joined companies there. On August 22d a letter came accepting the company, and on assembling the volunteers at Batavia, on September 1st, forty-two only out of the eighty- eight that had been enrolled answered to their names, many of the missing having got tired of waiting and gave up the war business, while fourteen had at Camp Wool enlisted in other companies. These forty-two were sworn into the United States service by tbe venerable justice of the peace, James Perrine, — who had thrice volunteered his services, in 1799, 1800, and 1813,— and then marched to Camp Wool, near " Sportsman's Hall," just above Cincinnati in those days. Here the " Clermont Boys" were joined by twenty-odd men from Brown County, under Lieut. James P. Fyffe, and an arrangement was made to form a coalition of the two squads and thereby make one good company, which was done by First Lieut. S. R. S. West resigning his position, and the selection of James P. Fyffe, of George town, in his place. The company now numbered sixty-four, — rank and file, — and the roll continued to receive ad ditions every day after its arrival in camp. The " Cler mont Boys" were regularly mustered into the United States service Sept. 11, 1847, by Lieut.-Col. John Irving, of the United States army, as Company C, Second (reorganized) Ohio Regiment Volunteers. The following is the roster of the company : Captain, John W. Lowe. First Lieutenant, James P. Fyffe. Second Lieutenants, Milton Jamieson and William Howard. Sergeants, John R. Allen, Thomas W. Colwell, William Blair, William R. Ely. Corporals, Robert Townsley, Samuel S. Fyffe, James Kellum, John Lansdale. Richard Applegate. S. P. Bishop. Reice Bunner. Lindsey Bunner. Solomon Bunner. George Croshaw. Conoway Collins. Edward Crist. Samuel Cotterell. William J. Davis. Jackson Davis. Ezra Danbury. Robert Evans. John J. Evans. Hart well Ferris. AVilliam Fuller. Elias Fitzwater. Robert Ely. John Grant.' Lorenzo D. Goodpasture. Lorenzo D. Granger. Robert M. Glaize. John Hall. Mahlon Hall. Solomon Hall. Thomas Hurley. Elliott J. Hill. George W. Jones. Leicester Kennedy. Malanethon B. Leeds. Washington Lyons. Joseph Long. James Mullen. Thomas J. Meeker. John L. Medaris. George AV. Moore. John Majors. Jefferson Myers. George F. Owens. David Pettis. Johnson Potts. Abraham Pedan. William Reynolds. David Randall. Jonathan Ritchey. Joseph Rigney. Zachariah Sanders. Azel Stanbury. James Smith. John Sullivan. Benjamin Styles. Joseph 11. Still, 200 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. George K. Smith. Robert Thompson. John Turner. Josiah A. Tice. L. B. Tatman. Michael Woods. AVilliam Wilson. Andrew AVilson. George AV. Washburn. Thomas AVhite. Thomas G. Wood. Lewis B. Towles. Andrew J. Rice. James M. Ross. Richard Nash. Duke Hibben. Albert Short. James Majors. AVilliam AV. Johnson. Of these, Hibben, Short, and Majors were mustered into service at Santa Fe, ten miles from Vera Cruz, on October 31st, by Lieut. H. H. Davis, of Gen. Caleb Cushing's staff ; and Johnson on Feb. 28, 1848, at Puebla, by Lieut.-Col. Latham. Thus Company C had eighty-three men, rank and file. The Second Ohio Regiment, as reorganized on September 10th, had for colonel Wm. Irwin, lieutenant-colonel Wm. A. Latham, and major Wm. Link, — Irwin being a gradu ate of West Point and a noted lawyer, and Latham a nephew of Allen Latham, the celebrated Clermont land-owner. The citizens of Batavia presented Capt. Lowe and Lieuts. Jamie son and Howard with elegant swords on their leaving, the presentation speeches being made by Thomas L. Shields to Lowe, H. N. Talley to Jamieson, and Thomas M. Lewis to Howard. Capt. John Williamson Lowe was born at New Bruns wick, N. J., Nov. 15, 1809. At the age of thirteen he was left an orphan, with three sisters and a younger brother, in poverty, in the city of New York. He became an appren tice to a painter, and pursued that avocation some time for the small sum of two dollars and a half per week. In 1833 he came to Batavia and worked at his trade, at the same time studying law with Judge Owen T. Fishback, whose daughter, Manorah, he married, in April, 1837. He worked his way up to a creditable position in his profession at Ba tavia, and remained a resident of the village until 1854, when he removed to Xenia, where he continued to live until tbe breaking out of the Rebellion. He then raised the Twelfth Ohio Regiment of infantry, and as its colonel did excellent service until he was killed, Sept. 10, 1861, while gallantly leading his regiment into engagement at Carnifex Ferry, Va. A rifle-bullet pierced his forehead, aud he fell dead, — the first field-officer from Ohio killed in the war for the Union. His remains were brought to Batavia and here interred, September 18th, by a large and sorrowing congregation of mourning friends. On the 22d of September Company C left Camp Wool for Mexico, and on the 7th of October disembarked at Vera Cruz. Michael Woods, John Turner, Robert Thompson were discharged for disability, Jan. 1, 1848 • and Thomas J. Meeker, accidentally wounded at Santa Fe, was sent to Jefferson Barracks, Mo., aud subsequently discharged. The company marched from Vera Cruz to Puebla, which ancient city it reached December 2d. On the 6th a very lamentable and melancholy affair occurred, in a quarrel between Thomas G. Wood, of New Richmond, and Lorenzo D. Granger, in which the former struck the latter over the head twice or three times with a club, from which Grander died the next day. Wood made his escape to the United States and was never molested. Jan. 6, 1848, John Majors of the company, died, and was the first lost by the grim messenger ; and the next to die was Corp. Samuel S. Fyffe on February 1st, from the effects of a wound received some time previous at the hands of a guerrilla. On February 16th, Corp. Robert Townsley died in the hospital from ery sipelas, and was buried near the Cuartell de San Rose, where his bones are now resting in peace ; and on the 21st, John Landsdale was honorably discharged, on account of his beinf afflicted with epilepsy. March 10th, Thomas White died at the regimental hospital in Puebla with inflammatory rheu matism; and on the 21st, when the roll was called at reveille, John Medaris was found missing, and on search being made he was found lying on his pallet of straw, stark and stiff in death from general debility, having been ill for a long time. The same day word was received that James Ross, who had been left at Vera Cruz in the hospital when the regiment left there, had died. April 15th, J. D. Ritchey, Robert Evans, and Andrew Wilson, who had been recently dis charged, started for home, and all returned safe but Wilson, who died at Cincinnati. May 30th, John Evans was mis sing, and it was believed that he was murdered by the treacherous Mexicans. Having on May 22d heard the news of peace, the regi ment on June 3d started for home, by marching to Vera Cruz, and arrived in Cincinnati on July 15th. When mus tered out the company had but sixty-five men, one having been killed, one missing, two deserted, seven discharged, and seven died. On July 28th Company C was invited to Batavia to par take of a grand complimentary dinner by the citizens of Clermont County, at which some fifteen hundred sat down. A large procession, formed under Col. William Curry, marched to the old stone church, where R. W. Clarke bade the brave volunteers a warm welcome home, to which Lieuts. Jamieson and Howard made appropriate responses. Eight of the company had died in Mexico, one brave soul had died after being discharged, when almost in sight of longed- for home. Four -of the company — Samuel Cotterel, Leices ter Kennedy, Richard Applegate, and Ezra Danbury, noble souls, who survived the campaign — died in a year after their return. Lieut. J. P. Fyffe in the war of the Rebellion was the gallant colonel of the Fifty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment until death took him to a brave soldier's grave. He commanded his regiment in many a hard-fought battle on the Southern fields. Lieut. Howard, in the same rebel lion, was the lieutenant-colonel, succeeding the lamented Fyffe in command of the glorious " Old Fifty-ninth," and nobly served the Union cause on the tented field.* This Company C — sixty-one from Clermont and twenty-two from Brown County — was in no pitched battle in Mexico, but was iu several important skirmishes, in which, as in all military duties to which it was assigned, it distinguished itself and covered its brave men with honor and valor, reflecting great credit on the two patriotic counties from which it weut forth to battle for its country's honor and flag against an insolent and treacherous, foe. * See sketch of his life in this book. MILITARY HISTORY. 201 THE WAR FOR THE UNION. We have seen how earnest was the response of the patri otic sons of Clermont when the honor of the nation had to be vindicated, and now, when the future existence of the Union was imperiled, there was no lack of devotion, but a cheerful consecration of life and property upon the altar of our common country. Being upon the border of the dis sentient States, Clermont awaited with especial interest the mutterings of the angry South, forbearing " Until a fierce, sudden flash across the rugged blackness broke, And with a voice that shook tbe land the guns of Sumter spoke." But when the first call for troops reached Batavia, the old court-house bell pealed out the notes of alarm and en treaty, arousing the entire county, "And whereso'er the summons came there rose an angry din, As when upon a rocky coast a stormy tide sets in." Within a day the " Clermont Guards" were recruited to the maximum of the company, and Capt. Penn was ready for orders to move into oamp. The independent organiza tions — Felicity Guards and the Union Guards, of New Richmond — quickly proffered their services and were en rolled for three months. Others, unable to brook delay, hastened to Cincinnati or Georgetown to find a place among the defenders of the flag. The feeling was intense, and all were animated with a common purpose to maintain the Union at all hazards. It is impossible to determine how many went forth to battle at this period, as no rosters of three months' men have been filed among the archives of the State, a neglect which deserves to be speedily corrected. Indeed, with an exception or two, no complete roster of any organization that went from the county has been filed in the office of the adjutant-general ; and as that is the only accessible official source, many of the lists given in the fol lowing pages necessarily lack that completeness which would attach to them did a better order obtain. Of the three organizations mentioned, the Clermont Guards were recruited at Batavia, of citizens of that place and the surrounding country, including many from Wil liamsburgh. The officers received their commissions April 23, 1861. The company became a part of a regiment which was being formed at Columbus, and was known in the service as COMPANY E, TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OHIO INFANTRY. Capt. Penn was commissioned major of this regiment May 23, 1861, and George W. Hulick became captain of the company, his commission bearing date April 25, 1861. The regiment did not re-enlist for three years as an organi zation, and most of the men returned home at the end of three months, without having seen much actual service. The regiment was mustered out at Columbus, Aug. 19, 1861. As originally constituted, the roster of the company was as follows : Captain, Julius A. Penn. Lieutenants, E. S. Sinks, Lowell H. Smith. Sergeants, George W. Hulick, Charles T. Fitoh, Russell F. Smith, M. J. W. Holter. Corporals, A. E. Miley, M. D. Gofif, George Morris, Henderson Smith. 26 Philip Fitzwater. Charles Robinson. B. F. Moore. Joseph Ainsworth. W. II. H. Robinson. AVilliam Raper, Jr. Martin Laypold. Andrew AVensner. John H. Fairman. 0. Sutton. Luther Anderson. J. H. Wroten. Marcellus Hulick. W. W. Mount. James Bolton. Josephus Holter. Henry Day. ^^^Jfendolph Kain. A. D. Bryan. Thomas F. Brown. Alexander Stewart. R. Thornsberg. Edward AVhite. Whitney Lansdale. A. Ganart. Fred Frank. AVilliam Boulware. G. W. Hooker. W. II. Thomas. Augustine Mount. Charles Stackpolc. John Wayland. Uriah Baldwin. James Morin. William R. Weaver. C. AV. Clark. Jacob Myers. J. AV. Hunt. Joseph Griffis. John Latch. Daniel Kidd. John P. Robinson. Nathan Troy. Daniel Brunk. J. W. Deem. George Clark. Pleasant A. Brown. Daniel Brown. J. M. Miley. Joseph Holleman. William Holleman. A. M. Hull. Thomas F. Pegg. The Felicity Guards, as before stated, were an inde pendent military organization at the breaking out of the war, and upon entering the service of the United States became COMPANY I, TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OHIO INFANTRY. The officers received their commissions from April 23, 1861, to May 24, 1861. The original roster was as follows : Captain, Farron Olmstead. Lieutenants, R. L. McKinley (adjutant of the regiment), J. Woodson, William H. Brown. Sergeants, W. H. Fagaly, E. M. Sargent, J. D. Hill, John Tucker. Corporals, J. L. Barber, V. H. Gregg, John Watson, Thomas AV. Clark. Musicians, E. C. Altman, J. Q. Sanders, James Carter. R. C. McNutt. R. Davidson. J. R. Thompson. J. A. Stevens. J. H. Jenkins. O. E. Everhart. F. S. Stevens. Otis Patten. John Crane. C. S. Henning. William R. Sinks. Michael Brush. Jacob Huber. James Gage. J. Q. A. Barr. Nathan Wood. II. McAdams. J. Mclntire. G. W. McAdams. Thomas K. Ellis. William Bolander. C. Boulware. Daniel Robinson. David Apgar. D. E. Hayward. Isaac Cramer. S. B. Jones. John McGhee. John U. Williams. John F. Hildebrant. John Lukemires. E. S. Johnson. John Isham. J. R. Clark. John Apgar. Daniel Hildebrant. W. S. Lattimer. James Lattimer. C. A. AVesterneld. F. M. Cramer. S. B. Wood. Nicholas Smith. George Apgar. J. W. Lattimer. Matthias Coleman. AVilliam Miller. G. W. Ferree. Stephen Long. George A. Camp. William Williams. R. B. Ulrey. George Devine. William Armstrong. J. H. Apple. Ferdinand Broadwell. G. AV. Berlew. J. H. Browning. G. W. Brown. 202 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. E. M. Bagby. T. B. Behymer. J. C. Behymer. F. A. Boys. AV. H. Buchanan. F. D. Brown. A. M. Baird. S. P. Conely. James Carter. Cary Cattell. L. F. Carley. G. W. Conrey. G. Carnell. Henry Demaris. G. A. Dugan. Benjamin Daugherty. Samuel Dixon. Warren English. William P. English. A. R. Ellis. W. M. Florer. L. W. Frazier. J. S. Goodwin. B. F. Gaskins. A. C. Greger. Adam Good. J. H. Hill. W. S. Hicks. Elijah Hicks. L. Hurdle. F. J. Israel. J. N. Judd. Elliott Lanham. John Larkin. W. H. Morgan. Eli McMinnis. J. J. MoKibben. J. AV. McCanahan. Anthony MoEvoy. John Marigold. J. F. Moorhead. F. M. Oxley. The Union Guards, of New became G. W. Oxley. W. B. C. Padget. Jonah Pickett. William Pollard. W. P. Rutherford. J. C. Rutherford. Frederick Rod. T. L. H. Ross. E. M. Reed. George H. Rader. AV. H. H. Scott. James W. Swing. H. T. Stulz. Asa Starks. W. S. Trout. William Voght. John White. W. H. Young. W. W. Smith. T. C. Simmons. W. E. Sargent. E. R. Salt. Jeremiah Shinkle. W. H. Trisler. J. W. Tice. William Vaughn. Nathaniel Yates. Edgar Van Briggle. John V. Vananda. John W. Willis. Sol. Somermire. Benjamin A. Smith. William Slye. J. P. Swope. Thomas Sanders. J. Q. Sanders. J. P. Taylor. F. M. H. Tatman. L. Van Briggle. J. J. Warbington. Zed. Watson. Richmond, in the service COMPANY C, TWELFTH REGIMENT OHIO INFANTRY. The officers received their commissions April 26, 1861. The regiment was organized for three months at Camp Jack son, at Columbus, May 3, 1861, and three days later moved to Camp Dennison, where it was reorganized and mustered into the service for three years, June 28, 1861. The three months' service ended in that camp, and the roster for that period was as follows : Captain, Watts McMurchy. Lieutenants, T. G. AVood, F. B. Warren, A. M. Dimmitt. Sergeants, Isaac AV atson, G. T. Sturges, V. B. Cary. M. V. Cary. G. H. Jackson. H. A. Day. Albert Day. Francis Graves. Sylvester McCarm. John Hilter. Jacob Lutz. Henry Farum. J. W. Hopple. Sanford Kellnm. Chester White. John Fox. Justice Jones. John Lusk. Samuel A. West. Charles Frearich. F. G. Jeffries. W. R. Bahcock. W. C. Holson. G. W. Slade. John B. Layfield. W. H. McGuire. A. D. lies. J. W. Gowdy. Fred Losh. T. R. Shannon. J. W. Light. J. McAllister, Jr. William Groves. Ezra Towner. F. N. Moore. A. J. McGuire. John Ozier. A. Hultshult. Samuel Killinger. AV. H. Kennelly. Aaron Fowler. Sylvester White. T. A. Emerson. J. \ranfassen. George Mergel. B. F. Banuiville. C. G. H. Payne. Lawrence Rane. AV. M. Donahue. John Day, Jr. C. L. Moss. Peter McCormick. Oscar Towner. William Tolls. Joseph Heard. W. A. Coekerall. Isaac McGuire. Daniel Hehill. Christian Frei, Rains Allen. Archy Light. J. R. Sarver. Thomas Doughty. Thomas Graves. M. McDonald. L. Wenip. AV. Higby. Fred. Terwilliger. Charles Morris. Sylvester AVhite. J. L. Israel. J. G. Laycock. F. M. Slade. S. Minshall. Benjamin Shepherd. Fred. Fisher. George Bader. Charles Robb. John Groves. Charles Cross. H. H. Higby. J. J. Walil. Edwin AVeir. James Harp. H. R. Laycock. F. T. A. Sanders. John McNair. Theodore A. Hunt. William Hultshult. • J. V. Leech. Charles E. Dimmitt. Charles Hancock. J. H. Bainam. G. W. White. There was a spontaneous response to the call for troops, not only at first, when men were easily moved by a feeling that the insult to the flag must be resented, but after the realities of an unrelenting war were understood, and its effects had been brought to many a home in the shape of maimed and disabled husbands and brothers, or only the memory of loved ones who had fallen on bloody battle fields remained to tell of the hopes of bygone days ; the love of country was overpowering, and the decimated ranks were kept steadily filled. No better commentary on the loyalty and patriotism of the county can be made than the simple statement that but six men had to be conscripted to fill the allotted quotas. In all these long years of strife but six men went to war from Clermont against their wills, while those who rendered voluntary service numbered nearly four thousand men from every avocation in life. It is claimed, with much reason, that if the county had been accorded her proper credit for men furnished the number would have been several hundred in excess of every demand made upon her for support. The county can boast with pardonable pride that in addition to having produced the greatest general of the Union forces, — Gen. U. S. Grant, — the rank and file of her soldiery were men who enrolled themselves out of a simple love of country. It is proper, therefore, to per petuate the names of these heroic men by giving them a place in this history. So far as we have been able to glean from official sources, the following lists contain the names of all who rendered honorable service to the credit of the county. When enlistments were made in foreign places to the credit of other States, counties, or cities, no record appears of their service as affecting Clermont, and no mention, of course, can be given here. Prefacing the lists, which were compiled from the records in the office of the MILITARY HISTORY. 203 adjutant-general at Columbus, are a few lines which are intended to convey the most salient features in the history of each regiment in which the county had a considerable representation. SECOND REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER IN FANTRY. The Second Ohio was organized at Camp Dennison, in August and September, 1861. for three years, with Leonard A. Harris as colonel ; and when it was mustered out, in 1864, Anson G. McCook was the colonel commanding. It was composed largely of companies from Cincinnati and vicinity. Company CVas enrolled at Goshen, and Com pany I was recruited at Camp Dennison, only a part being - from Clermont. In September, 1861, the regiment moved to Eastern Kentucky, but before winter set in was sent to Louisville, brigaded, and attached to the division commanded by Gen. 0. M. Mitchell. In February, 1862, the regiment moved southward, and in March went to the assistance of Gen. Grant at Pittsburg Landing. It was engaged at the battle of Perryville, losing forty per cent, of its men, Capt. Beatty, of the Goshen company, being wounded. The regi ment was engaged at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862, where its second colonel, John Kell, was killed ; at Chickamauga, where it lost one hundred and eighty-three men ; at Look out, where Lieut. Emery was wounded in the night battle ; and at Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Buzzard's Roost, Dalton, Resaca, Peach-T-ree Creek, and Atlanta. It left the latter place Aug. 1, 1864, and after several months was mustered out at Columbus, having been in the service thirty-eight months. In the last years of its service the regiment be longed to the Army of the Cumberland. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. COMPANY 0. Oapt. William T. Beatty, com. July 27, 1861; pro. to maj. March 2, 1863; wounded at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863, and captured. Capt. William S. B Randall, com. March 2, 1863 ; pro. to capt. March 2, 1863 ; captured at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863 ; escaped from prison, Feb. 9, 1864 ; was imprisoned at Richmond, Va. 1st Lieut. John AV. Thomas, com. April 16, 1863; pro. to 2d lieut. May 2, 1863; then to lBt lient. April 16, 1863; appointed adjt. April, 1863. Ist Lieut. John B. Emory, com. March 28, 1864; 2d lieut. at entering; pro. to 1st lieut. March 28, 1864 ; Wounded in battle of Perryville, Oct. 8, 1862 ; also iu battle of Lookout Mountain, Tenn., Nov. 24, 1863. 2d Lieut. William Thacker, com. July 27, 1861; res. Aug. 9, 1862. 2d Lieut. Daniel W. Dewitt, com. Jan. 6, 1863; pro. to 2d lieut. Jan. 6, 1863; res. April 6, 1863. Sergt. Lawrence G. Frybarger, enl. July 27, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Jan. 1, 1863; wounded at Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862 ; at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863 ; capt. at Camp Chase, Ohio, Oct. 10, 1864. Sergt. Oliver H. P. Applegate, enl. July 27, 1861 ; wounded at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Sergt. Philip A. Hall, enl. July 27, 1861. Sergt. Franklin C. Kelsey, enl. July 27, 1861; pro. to sergt. Feb. 1, 1864. Sergt. Nelson Schooley, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 ; appointed corp. Nov. 1, 1862 ; pro. March 1, 1864. Corp. Joseph Williams, enl. July 27, 1861; corp. from June 1,1862. Corp. Bradford Kinger, enl. July 27, 1861 ; Corp. from May 2, 1863. Corp. Isaac A. Merchant, enl. July 27, 1861 ; Corp. from June 9, 1863. Corp. John Jones, enl. July 27, 1861 ; wounded at battle of Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862 ; corp. from April 27, 1864. Corp. John T. Ban-, enl. July 27, 1861 ; Corp. from April 27, 1864. Musician Hubert Hunt, enl. July 27, 1861. Wagoner John Randall, enl. Aug. 17, 1861. Oliver Binkley, enl. July 27, 1861 ; wounded at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. AVilliam B. Clouser, enl. July 27, 1861. Thomas J. Cramer, enl. July 27, 1861 ; wounded at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1803. Charles W. Creamer, enl. July 27, 1861. Moses M. Dudley, enl. July 27, 1861. Daniel Ferree, enl. Sept. 2, 1801. Abner First, enl. Aug. 25, 1861 ; wounded at Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862; cap tured at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863 ; prisoner of war to March 7, 1864. Wilson Gaskill, enl. July 27, 1861; wounded at Murfreesboro', Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862 ; also at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. AVilliam C. Glenn, enl. Aug. 30, 1861. Conduce B. Gatch, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Solomon S. Harris, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 ; wounded at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Cyrus C. Johnson, enl. July 27, 1861; wounded at Hoover's Gap, Tenn., June 21, 1863. . Francis J. Kemp, enl. July 27, 1861. Ellison Kemp, enl. July 27, 1861. Lewis L. Losey, enl. July 27, 1861. Cornelius McCarthy, enl. July 27, 1861. Aaron Morris, cul. July 27, 1861. William Oliver, enl. July 27, 1861. George W. Robs, enl. July 27, 1861. Thomas J. Rust, enl. July 27, 1861. John D. Randall, enl. July 27, 1861. Thomas South, enl. July 27, 1861; wounded at battle of Perryvillo, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. John Schooley, enl. July 27, 1861. Thomas Stewart, enl. July 27, 1861. William B. Thacker, enl. July 27, 1861. Jackson White, enl. July 27, 1861. Killed in Battle. James M. Flora, enl. Aug. 25, 1861; killed at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Silas G. Gaskill, enl. July 27, 1861 ; killed at Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. William C. Goodpasture, enl. July 27, 1861; killed at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Lafayette Hill, enl. Aug. 20, 1861 ; killed at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. George W. Hughes, enl. July 27, 1861 ; killed at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. William Malott, enl. July 27, 1861 ; killed at Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. Franklin Mount, enl. July 27, 1861 ; killed in Lookout Valley, Tenn., Sept. 25, 1863. David Spence, enl. July 27, 1861 ; killed at Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. Michael Smith, enl. July 27, 1861; killed at Lookout Mountain, Tenn., Nov. 24, 1863. John B. Trump, enl. Aug. 29, 1861 ; killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. Oscar White, enl. July 27, 1861 ; killed at Terryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. Died. Sergt. Columbus J. Dudley, enl. July 27, 1801; appointed sergt., May 2, 1863 ; died in prison hospital, Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 16, 1863, of wounds from battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Thomas J. Connett, enl. Aug. 17, 1861; died at Camp Crittenden, Ky., Nov. 12, 1861, of disease. Milton J. McLaughlin, enl. Aug. 17,1861; died at Louisville, Ky., Dec. 29, 1861, of disease. David Rapp, enl. Aug. 17, 1861 ; died at Bridgeport, Ala., Dec. 8, 1863, of dis ease. Prisoners of War. Corp. Hiram B. Leever, enl. July 27,1861; appointed Corp., April 27,1864; wounded and captured at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863. Corp. George M. McCormick, enl. Aug. 17, 1861; appointed Corp., Nov. 1, 1862; prisoner since Sept. 19, 1863; captured at Chickamauga. Pervise Cramer, enl. July 27, 1861 ; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863 ; captured at Chickamauga. Richard Cramer, enl. July 27, 1861 ; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863; captured at Chickamauga. Alexander Cramer, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 ; prisoner since Sept. 25, 1863 ; captured at Lookout Valley. Richard Ferree, enl. July 27, 1861 ; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863 ; captured at Chickamauga. Melvin J. Gaskill, enl. July 27, 1861 ; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863 ; captured at Chickamauga. Moses Hill, enl. Aug. 20, 1861 ; prisoner since Sept. 25, 1863 ; captured in Look out Valley. Andrew J. Phillhouse, enl. Aug. 27, 1861 ; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863 ; cap tured at Chickamauga. David L. Rapp, enl. Aug. 27, 1861; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863; captured at Chickamauga. William H. Rhoden, enl. Aug. 27, 1861 ; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863 ; captured at Chickamauga. Cyrus D. Randall, enl. July 27, 1861 ; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863; captured at Chickamauga. Disclmrged. Sergt. Daniel W. Dewitt, enl. July 27, 1861 ; disch. to accept promotion to 2d lieut., Co. C, Jan. 5, 1863. Sergt. John B. Emery, enl. July 27, 1861 ; disch. to accept promotion to 2d lieut., Co. C, May 1, 1863. Sergt. James Adams, enl. July 27, 1861; disch. at Columbus, O., Dec. 26, 1862, for disability. Corp. James II. Fox, enl. July 27, 1861 ; disch. July 18, 1862, for disability. 204 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Corp. Amos Huffman, enl. July 27, 1861 ; appointed corp., Nov. 1, 1862 ; disch. April 8, 1863. Corp. Thomas AVood, enl. July 27, 1861 ; disch. May 20, 1862, for disability. Franklin Coddington, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. June 1, 1862, for disability. William Conrad, enl. July 27, 1861; disch. July 18, 1862, for disability. Auston Dwinel , enl. Aug. 25, 1801 ; disch. Sept. 30, 1863, for disability. Jacob Fisher, enl. July 27, 1861; diBch. June 1, 1862, for disability. Joseph GaBkill, enl. Aug. 30, 1801 ; disch. Feb. 6, 1863, for disability. Edwin Harleman, enl. Aug. 27, 1861; disch. Feb. 15, 1863, for disability. John Leever, enl. July 27, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 25, 1862, for disability. George E. Morrow, enl. Aug. 17,1861; wounded at battle of Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862; disch. July, 1863, for disability. Preston Morris, enl. July 27, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 6, 1863, for disability. Sherwood B. Markland, enl. Aug. 17, 1861 ; disch. May 18, 1863, for disability. George W. Myers, enl. Aug. 24, 1861 ; wounded at battle of Murfreesboro', Tenn., Dec. 31, 1S62 ; disch. for woundB, Jan. 25, 1864. Charles N. McLaughlin, enl. Aug. 17, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 6, 1862, for disability. Benjamin F. Palmer, enl. July 27, 1861; disch. July 7, 1862, for disability. Alexander Powell, enl. July 27, 1861 ; disch. May 23, 1862, for disability. William Ross, enl. July 27, 1861 ; disch. May 23, 1862, for disability. James T. Roosa, enl. July 27, 1861; disch. March 26, 1862, for disability. William H. Ringer, enl. July 27, 1861 ; disch. March 17, 1862, for disability. Robert A. Shaw, enl. Aug. 29, 1862 : disch. March 28, 1863, for disability. Philip Sells, onl. Aug. 27, 1861; disch. May 12, 1862, for disability. Thomas Shields, enl. Aug. 27, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 24, 1863, for disability. George B. Wiles, enl. July 27, 1861 ; disch. Dec. IS, 1862, for disability. Transferred. Corp. Henry P. Slough, enl. Aug. 29, 1862 ; trans, pursuant to S. 0. No. 28, Dis trict of Etowah, Sept. 20, 1864 ; appointed Corp., Nov. 1, 1862 ; captured at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863 ; prisoner of war. James Agnew, enl. July 27, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, April 28, 1864. Albert Fisher, enl. July 27, 1861 ; appointed q.m.-sergt. and trans, to N. C. S., Feb. 1, 1864. John L. Gatch, enl. Aug. 29, 1862; trans, pursuant to S. O. No. 28, District of Etowah, Sept. 20, 1864; captured at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863; discb. at Camp Chase, O., June 16, 1865. Amanuel Gaskill, enl. Sept. 14, 1862; trans, pursuant to S. 0. No. 28, District of Etowah, Sept. 2(1, 1864. Thomas Hill, enl. Sept. 2, 1861.; trans, to Co. E, 2d Ohio Vol. Inf., Jan. 1, 1863. William E. Henry, enl. July 27, 1861 ; trans, to Aret. Res. Corps, Jan. 15, 1864; wounded in battle of Murfreesboro', Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Henry C. Leever, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; trans, pursuant to S. O. No. 28, district of Etowah ; wounded and captured at Chickamauga ; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863. William Miller, enl. Aug. 30, 1862; trans, pursuant to S. 0. No. 28, District of Etowah. Amos R. McCormick, enl. Aug. 17, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Aug. 1, 1863. John W. Pray, enl. Sept. 13, 1862; trans, pursuant to S. 0. No. 28, District of Etowah, Sept. 20, 1864 ; captured at Chickamauga; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863. George Reeder, enl. Sept. 4, 1862; trans, pursuant to S. 0. No. 28, District of Etowah, Sept. 20, 1804. Amos Shields, enl. July 27, 1861; trans, to Signal Corps, Oct. 22, 1863. COMPANY F. Daniel Keed, enl. Sept. 4, 1862; assigned to detachment of regiment at Chatta nooga, Tenn. Martin Reed, enl. Sept. 6, 1862; captured at Chickamauga, Sept. 19,1863; assigned to detachment of regiment at Chattanooga, Tenn. AVilliam Ross, enl. Aug. 29, 1862; trans, to Signal Corps, Oct. 24, 1863. COMPANY I. Corp. John H. Snook, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Corp. AVilliam Legg, enl. Sept. 3, 1K61. Corp. James C. Burns, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Harvey Allen, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. James Ackerson, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Albert Boyd, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Martin V. Green, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Henry Geise, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Frank Hopkinson, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. James Kelley, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Newton Long, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Charles McFall, enl. Aug. 15, 1801. Perry L. Moss, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Cyrus Pierce, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Henry N. Smith, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. JameB Smith, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. William Simon, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Christ. Stouch, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Erwin Swank, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. John Spence, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Alexander Work, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. John Work, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Frank Wright, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. John AValker, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Prisoners of War. Sergt. Alexander C. Brown, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; capt. at battle of Chickamauga Sept. 20, 1863. Corp. Henry N. Fruits, enl. Sept. 3, 1861; capt. at battle of Chickamauga Sept. 20, 1863. Corp. Harvey Fulkerson, enl. Aug. 15, 1861 ; capt. at battle of Chickamauga Sept. 20, 1863. Corp. Jesse Hines, enl. Sept. 3, 1861; capt. at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20 1863. Corp. David Smith, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; capt, at battle of Chickamauga Sept 20, 1863. Liberty Jinks, enl. Aug. 15, 1861; capt. at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20 1863. Levi McFarland, enl. Sept. 3, 1 861 ; capt. at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20 1863. AVilliam Needham, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; capt. at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20 1803. Isaac Shaffer, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; capt. at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Peter Shaffer, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; capt. at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20 1863. Frederick Ulichner, enl. Aug. 15, 1861; capt. at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. . Killed in Battle. John Keffte, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; killed in battle of Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. Gaines Walker, enl. Sept. 3, 1861; killed in battle of Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. Hied. Jacob Dumford, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; died Aug. 18, 1862. Henry Roat, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; died of disease, Nov. 17, 1863. Discharged. Sergt. Poleny D. Cottle, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Feb. 28, 1862. Corp. Jesse G. Morrow, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Feb. 28, 1862. Corp. Dudley Mulford, eni. Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Feb. 28, 1862. David Barker, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, July 25, 1802. Henry Dunham, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability. Nathan Suook, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Nov. 19, 1862. Transferred. Charles Chaney, enl. Sept. 3, 1861 ; trans, to det. of regt. at Chattanooga, Teon. George W. Pepperly, enl. Sept. 3, 1361; trans, to det. of regt. at Chattanooga, Tenn. Jacob Shumard, enl. Sept.. 3, 1861 ; trans, to det. of regt. at Chattanooga, Tenn, Jacob Uhl, enl. Sept. 3, 1861; trans, to det. of regt. at Chattanooga, Tenn. Simon B. Wood, enl. March 3, 1862; trans, to det. of regt. at Chattanooga, Tenn. THIRD REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER IN FANTRY. COMPANY B. John Neill, enl. June 13, 1861; must, out at Columbus. Albert G. Warden, enl. June 13, 1861 ; must, out at Columbus. SIXTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER IN FANTRY. COMPANY B. Wagoner Michael Coleman, enl. June 8, 1861; must, out at Columbus. TENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER IN FANTRY. COMPANY K. William II. Bennett, enl. April 15, 1861 ; must, out at Columbus. ELEVENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER IN FANTRY. COMPANY E. Jerome Brown, enl. Oct. 1, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D, Oct. 21, 1862. Cornelius Deeters, enl. Dec. 3, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, Oct. 21, 1862. John Dennis, enl. Aug. 22, 1862; trans, at Chattanooga. COMPANY H. Charles Baker, enl. June, 1861. John Baker, enl. June, 1861 ; killed at Antietam. TWELFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This regiment was first organized under the call for three months' men, at Camp Jackson, May 3, 1861. Moving to Camp Dennison three days later, it was reorganized and mustered into the service for three years on the 28th of June, 1861. It left the camp for the Kanawaha Valley MILITARY HISTORY. 205 July 6th, and on the 17th of the same month was engaged at the battle of Scary Creek, in a conflict which lasted three hours. At Gauley Eridge the Twelfth captured a large quantity of arms and ammunition. Marching eastward, it reached Carnifex Ferry, Sept. 10, 1861, and engaged in that battle, losing its colonel, the lamented John W. Lowe, formerly of Eatavia, whose military career began in the Mexican war. The regiment was in winter quarters at Charleston in 1862-63, and the following season was at tached to Scammon's brigade, scouting the country in all directions. On the 27th of August it met the enemy at Bull Run Bridge, as part of the Army of the Potomac, sus taining a total loss of eighty-nine men. Later in the season of 1862 the service was in Maryland, being engaged at Mon- ocacy Bridge, and on the 14th of September at South Moun tain, where it made three bayonet charges, capturing three battle-flags and over two hundred prisoners, with a loss of more than a hundred men. On the 17th it was in the battle of Antietam, and sustained a loss of thirty-five men. Prom here it proceeded to West Virginia, arriving at Clarks burg October 16th, and after several attempts to engage the enemy in that State, went into winter quarters at Fayette Court-House, and repulsed the enemy there May 19, 1863. The season was taken up in erecting fortifications to strengthen the Union lines, and in numerous raids upon bushwhackers, who were very troublesome. It also passed the winter of 1863-64 at Fayette Court-House. leaving that place May 3, 1864, to engage in a number of marches in the active campaign in West Virginia, often enduring much suffering from hunger and thirst, the rapid movements often preventing it from obtaining a proper supply of sub sistence. The regiment was mustered out of the service at Colum bus, July 11, 1864, having traveled during its term of service on foot, by rail and water, a distance of four thou sand and forty-nine miles, and sustained a loss of killed, wounded, and missing of four hundred and fifty-five men. Company C was enrolled principally at New Richmond, but many joined at Camp Dennison, and others were mustered in at Charleston, W. Va. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. Adjt. William B. Nesbilt, com. Nov. 19, 1862; app. sergt.-maj., June 28, 1861, from Co. D ; pro. 2d lieut., April 18, 1862 ; app. adjt., July 27, 1862 ; pro. to 1st lieut, Nov. 15, 1862. Died. Musician Martin V. B. Carey, enl. July 4, 1861 ; died Aug. 7, 1862. Musician John B. Layfleld, enl. July 4, 1861; died May 20, 1862. Musician James D. Aston, enl. July 4, 1861; disch. Sept. 8, 1862, by order AVar Department. Com.-Sergt. Frank M. Baker, enl. July 19, 1861 ; app. from Co. F, June 28, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Oct. 6, 1862. Musician Daniel G. Bryant, enl. July 4, 1861; disch. Sept. 8, 1862, by order War Department. Musican Varrus B. Carey, enl. July 4, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 8, 1862, by order War Department. Musician John W. Hopper, enl. July 4, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 8, 1862, by order War Department. Musician Martin Johns, enl. July 4, 1861; disch. Sept. 8, 1862, by order War Department. Musician Valentine Kaufman, enl. July 4, 1861; disch. Sept. 8, 1862, by order War Department. Musician George W. McClellan, enl. July 4, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 8, 1862, by order War Department. Musician George W. Slade, enl. July 4, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 8, 1862, by order War Department. Musician J. J. Bryant, enl. July 4, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 8, 1862, by order War Dept. Transferred. Sergt.-Maj. Handy S. Day, enl. June 19, 1861 ; app. sergt.-maj. from Co. C, Nov. 15, 1862; transf. to Co. C, Nov. 25, 1863. Sergt.-Maj. Parker Stinebfield, enl. June 26, 1861 ; app. from Co. E, Oct. 15, 1861, trausf. to Co. E, Jan. 1, 1863. COMPANY C. Capt. Watts McMurchy, com. June 19, 1861 ; original capt. of company ; res. March 31, 1862. Copt. Daniel W. Pauly, res. Oct. 1, 1862. Capt. Horatio G. Tibbals, com. Dec. 30, 1862 ; retired Dec. 9, 1863. Capt. Henry F. Hawks, assigned to Co. C, September, 1862; com. capt. and A. C. S., Nov. 30, 1862. 1st Lieut. John V. 0. Conner, com. July 25, 1862; transf. from Co. K, July 1, 1862, and to Co. K, Aug. 31, 1862. 1st Lieut. John V. Hiltz, com. 2d lieut., Jan. 14, 1862 ; pro June 20, 1862; transf. to 23d Regt. Ohio Vet. Vol. Inf., July 1, 1864, by special order No. 13, 2d Army of Kanawha. 1st Liout. Frank M. Slade, com. Dec. 30, 1 862 ; com. 2d lieut. Oct. 12, 1862 ; pro. Jan. 1, 1863 ; transf. to Co. D, February, 1863. 1st Lieut. Alexander M. Ridgeway, com. June 19, 1861 ; res. March 31, 1862. 2d Lieut. Henry L. Sherwood, com. Jan. 1, 1863; sergt. at enl. ; pro. Jan. 1,1863, and assigned to Co. C. 2d Lieut. Alonzo M. Dimmitt, com. June 19, 1861 ; res. April 18, 1862. Sergt. Guy R. Johnson, enl. June 3, 1861 ; app. sergt, July 25, 1863. Corp. Charles P. Foolks, enl. June 3, 1861 ; app. Corp., December, 1862 ; wounded at Bull Run Bridge, Aug. 27, 1862. Rains Allen, enl. June 3, 1861. Benjamin Bonneville, enl. June 3, 1861. Sewell Bonneville, enl. June 3, 1861. Thomas Brunaugh, enl. June 3, 1861. George Baden, enl. June 3, 1861. Thomas Cleary, enl. June 3, 1861. John D. Day, enl. June 3, 1861. Handy S. Day, enl. June 3, 1861. James Ewan, enl. June 3, 1861. James Estill, enl. June 3, 1861. Christian Frie, enl. June 3, 1861. Joseph Gillett, enl. June 3, 1861. John Grove, enl.' June 3, 1861. Thomas Grove, enl. June 3, 1861 ; taken pris. near Raleigh, W. Va., Jan. 30, '64. Daniel Hehill, enl. June 3, 1861. Morris N. Hannan, enl. June 3, 1861. Adolpbus Hulschut, enl. June 3, 1861; wounded and taken pris. at Cloyd's Mountain, May 19, 1864. Abel D. lies, enl. June 3, 1861. Leonard Kinley, enl. June 3, 1861. John Loth, enl. June 3, 1861. Frederick Loth, enl. June 3, 1861. Allen W. Miller, enl. June 3, 1861. John Ox, enl. June 3, 1861. Henry Peterson, enl. June 3, 1861. Lawrence Rowe, enl. June 3, 1861. William H. H. Robinson, enl. June 19, 1861* George AV. Slade, enl. June 19, 1861. Charles Steelman, enl. June 19, 1861. Milton Terwiligir, enl. June 19, 1861 ; taken pris. near Fayette Court-House, ° W. Va., Nov. 1, 1863. James Young, enl. June 19, 1861. Killed in Battle. Isaac Blanchard, enl. June 3, 1861; killed in battle of Bull Run Bridge, Aug. 27, 1862. William Cockerell, enl. June 3, 1861; killed in battle of South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1862. Albert Coombs, enl. June 3, 1861 ; killed in battle of Bull Run Bridge, Aug. 27, 1862. Zachariah Crippen, enl. Feb. 18, 1864; killed iu battle of Cloyd's Mountain, AV. Va., May 9, 1804. Vivian Goodlow, enl. June 3, 1861; killed in battle of Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Charles C. Hannah, enl. Jan. 4, 1864 ; killed in battle of Cloyd's Mountain, May 9, 1864. James Matsou, enl. June 3, 1861; re-enl. as Vet. Vol., Jan. 1, 1864; killed in battle near Lynchburg, Va. Henry Matson, enl. June 3, 1861; killed in battle of South Mountain, Sept. 14, 1862. Samuel Shumard, enl. June 3, 1861 ; killed in battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Died. William W. Higby, enl. June 3, 1861; died of disease, November, 1861. Augustus C. Silvers, enl. June 3, 1861 ; died in hosp. at Charleston, W. Va., November, 1861. Lewis Went, enl. Juno 3, 1861; died of wounds received at battle of Antietam, Sept. 18, 1862. Discharged. Sergt. J. Wesley McKibben, enl. June 3, 1861 ; app. sergt. Nov. 20, 1862 ; disch. on account of disability, May 19, 1863. 206 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Corp. John B. Wallace, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, August, 1861. Musician Peter Lutz, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, August, 1862. James Antrip, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Dec. 25, 1861. AVilliam Bellis, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Feb. 1, 1862. Leonidas Day, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Feb. 4, 1862. William Donahue, enl. June 3, 1861; disch. for disability, Aug. 1, 1863. Titus A. Eason, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Nov. 24, 1863. Charles Frederick, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, July 1, 1862, at Cin cinnati, Ohio. Frederick Fisher, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, July, 1862, at Cincin nati, Ohio. William Grove, enl. June 3, 1861; disch. for disability, Dec. 25, 1861. Jacob Gaits, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Dec. 30, 1862. George Hersh, enl. June 3, 1861; disch. for disability, Jan. 12, 1863. AVilliam Hulschult, enl. June 3, 1861; disch. for disability, July 18, 1862, at Cincinnati, 0. Doughty Jones, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 28, 1862, for wounds received at battle of Bull Run Bridge, Aug. 27, 1862. Frederick Kernel-, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Dec. 25, 1861. Samuel Kriff, enl. June 3, 1861; disch. from hospital, June, 1864,— term of ser vice expired. John McNair, enl. June 3, 1861; disch. for disability, Feb. 9, 1863. William D. Matson, enl. June 3, 1861; disch. for disability, Dec. 25, 1861. Marion McDonald, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. March 27, 1863, for wounds re ceived at South Mountain, Sept. 14, 1862. John Osvir, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, September, 1862. Charles Richey, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Dec. 25, 1861. Francis Sbuman, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, January, 1862, at Cin cinnati, 0. Samuel A. West, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 28, 1862, to accept commission as 1st lieut. of Co. B ; afterwards, in 1865, pro. to lieut.-col. in 79th 0. V. I. Nicholas White, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability about August, 1863. John Wabl, enl. June 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Feb. 1, 1862. Transferred. Sergt. Thomas A. Sanders, enl. June 3, 1816 ; appointed 1st sergt., Co. C, Sept. 7, 1863 ; re-enl. and trans, to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I., July 1, 1864. Sergt. George AV. Jackson, enl. June 3, 1861 ; vet. vol. ; trans, to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I., July 1,1864. Sergt. John AVinners, enl. July I, 1864; vet. vol.; trans, to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I., July 1,1864. Sergt. Zeno H. Scott, enl June 3, 1861 ; vet. vol. ; trans, to Co. C, 23d Regt. O. V. V. I., July 1, 1864. Corp. Sanford Kellum, enl. Juno 3, 1861 ; disch. and com. 2d lieut. in 0. V. I. Nov. 18, 1861 ; res. and re-enl. Aug. 27, 1862 ; appointed Corp., Oct. 18, 1862 ; trans, to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I., July 1, 1864. Corp. Marion Bannisler, enl. June 3, 1861 ; vet. vol. ; trans, to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I., July 1, 1864. Corp. Thomas M. Gwinn, enl. June 3, 1861; vet. vol.; trans, to Co. C, 23d Regt. O.V. V. I., July 1, 1864. Corp. Andrew J. Megui re, enl. June 3, 1861 ; vet. vol. ; trans, to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I., July 1,1864. James D. Austin, enl. Feb. 24, 1861; recruit; trans, to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I., July 1, 1864; wounded in battle near Lynchburg, June 18, 1864; in hospital. Samuel Crawford, enl. June 3, 1861 ; veteran volunteer. Samuel Decker, enl. Dec. 24, 1864; recruit; trans to 23d Regt. 0. V. A'. I., July 1, 1864, and assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. I. William Gwinn, enl. Jan. 12, 1864 ; recruit; trans, to 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I., July 1, 1864, and assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. I. Hanson L. Gwinn, enl. March 7, 1864; recruit; trans, to 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I. July 1, 1864 ; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. I. Lewis Ganger, enl. June 3, 1861 ; vet. vol. ; trans, to 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I., July 1, 1864; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. I. Josiah J. Higbee, enl. Aug. 27, 1861 ; recruit; trans, to 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I. July 1, 1864; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. I. Milton K. Israel, enl. June 3, 1861 ; vet. vol. ; trans, to 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I., July 1, 1864 ; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. I. Mahlon (B.) Jones, enl. June 3, 1861 ; vet. vol.; trans, to 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I. July 1, 1864 ; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. A'. I. Samuel Killinger, enl. June 3, 1861 ; vet. vol. ; trans, to 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I. July 1 , 1864 ; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. I. Edward M. King, enl. June 3, 1861; vet. vol.; trans, to 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I July ^1864; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. I. Morris Luse, enl. June 3, 1861 ; vet. vol. ; trans, to 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I. July 1, 1864; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. I. Thomas Leonard, enl. June 3, 1861 ; vet. vol.; trans, to 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I July 1, 1864; assigned to Co. C, 23d 0. V. I. Stephen K. Minshall, enl. June 3, 1861 ; vet. vol. ; tram, to 23d Regt. 0 V V I July 1, 1864 ; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. A'. I. David McCarter, enl. June 3, 1861 ; vet. vol. ; trans, tr, 23d Regt. 0. V. V I Julv 1, 1864 ; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. I. ' George Mergle, enl. June 3, 1861 ; vet. vol. ; trans, to 23d Regt. 0. V. V. I Jnlv 1.1SC4; assigned to Co, C, 23d Regt. O.V. I. ' ' Charles McMath, enl. Jan. 12, 1864; recruit; trans, to 23d Regt. 0. V. V I Julv 1,1864; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. O.V. I. ' Hugh McCabe, enl. Feb. 27, 1861; recruit; trans, to 23d Regt. 0. V. V I J l 1, 1864 ; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. I. Joseph Plank, enl. Juno 3, 1861; vet. vol.; trans. to21d Regt.O.V.V I J ) 1, 1864; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. 0. V. I. ¦ • ¦, u y George Wm. Slade, enl. Feb. 21, 1861; recruit; trans, to 2)d Regt. 0. V. V I July 1, 1864; assigned to Co. C, 23d Regt. O.V. I. "' COMPANY K. Capt. James Sloane, com. June 19, 1861 ; res. Nov. 25, 1861. 1st Lieut. William P. Cowne, com. June 19, 1861; res. Oct. 25 1861 Corp. Sylvan Cox, enl. June 19, 1861 ; pro. to Corp., Aug. 23 1862. Musician Charles W. Jones, enl. June 19, 1861. Armstrong Barker, enl. June 19, 1861; pro. from corp. to sergt, Jan. 9 1862 Theodore K. Church, enl. June 19, 1861. Thomas J. Campton, enl. June 19, 1861. Samuel B. Chapman, enl. June 19, 1861. William D. Duckwall, enl. Juno 19, 1861. Willard J. Eddington, enl. June 19, 1861. Samuel Jolly, enl. June 19, 1861. Americus Keys, enl. June 19, 1861. Benjamin F. Patten, enl. June 19, 1861. Rice Smith, enl. June 19, 1861; sick in hosp. at Gallipolis, Ohio. Jacob Shack, enl. June 19, 1861; sick in hosp. at Gallipolis, Ohio. Lewis Sohniebel, enl. June 19, 1861 ; wounded at Lynchburg, Va., June 18 1864; in hosp. at Gallipolis, Ohio. Eugene Stabler, enl. June 19, 1861. Jasper P. Shannon, enl. June 19, 1861. David M. Taylor, enl. June 19, 1861. Benjamin F. Vauce, enl. June 19, 1861; wounded and taken prisoner at Cloyd Mountain, Va., May 9, 1864. Michael Vail, enl. June 19, 1861 ; wounded and taken prisoner at Cloyd Moun tain, Va., May 9, 1864. David M. Wood. enl. June 19, 1861 ; sick in hospital at Gallipolis, Ohio. Augustine Washburne,enl. June 19,1861; wounded and taken prisoner at Cloyd Mountain, Va., May 9, 1864. Killed in Action. Sergt. Edmund L. Hughes, enl. June 19, 1861 ; killed at South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1862 ; pro. to sergt., May 1, 1862. Ezekiel Hirons, enl. June 19, 1861; killed at Cloyd Mountain, Va.,May 9,1864. Cornelius McGuire, enl. June 19, 1861 ; killed at South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1862. Thomas J. Murrell, enl. June 19, 1861 ; killed at Carnifex Ferry, Va., Sept. 10, 1861. John Stratton, enl. June 19, 1861 ; killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Thomas Stonestreet, enl. June 19, 1861 ; killed at South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1862. Andrew D. Wbittenmeyer, killed at South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1862. Francis M. Wood, killed at Cloyd Mountain, Va., May 9, 1864. EIGHTEENTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY E. William Miller, enl. Aug. 30, 1862; M. 0. C, June 10, 1865. John W. Pray, enl. Sept. 1.), 1862; M. 0. 0, June 10, 1865. Daniel Reed, enl. Sept. 4, 1802 ; M. O. C, June 10, 1865. Martin Reed, eul. Sept. 6, 1862 ; M. 0. C, June 10, 1865. TWENTY-THIRD OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY C. Lieut. Francis M. Kelly, com. May 20, 1861 ; pro. to sergt., June 17, 1862; to first sergt., April 8, 1863 ; to 2d lieut, July 2, 1864. William Gwynn, enl. Jan. 12, 1864. Charles McMath, Jan. 12, 1864. George W. Slade, enl. Feb. 24, 1864, as veteran volunteer. James D. Aston, enl. Feb. 24, 1864, as veteran volunteer ; in hospital at Camp Dennison, Ohio. Samuel Decker, enl. Dec. 24, 1863; missing in action at Cloyd Mountain, Va., May 7, 1864. Died. -Charles C. Hanna, enl. Jan. 12, 1864 ; died of wounds received in action at Cloyd Mountain, Va., May'9,^1864. TWENTY-SEVENTH OHIO VOLUNTEER IN FANTRY. This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, in August, 1861, of companies from all parts of the State, Company K being from Clermont and Brown. On the 20th of the month the regiment started for Missouri, and soon after went to the assistance of Col. Mulligan, at Lexington. Then it was engaged in the movements in the campaign MILITARY HISTORY. 207 against Gen. Price, arriving at St. Louis, Feb. 20, 1862. It was in the movement against New Madrid, Island No. 10, Fort Pillow, and formed the left of Halleck's army at Corinth, and in the siege acquitted itself bravely. That year it remained at Corinth, although often being en gaged in rapid marches against the enemy that season and the following winter, the exposure decimating its ranks more than the bullets of the enemy. Then the movement was made towards Memphis and Pulaski, the regiment making many and rapid marches. The Twenty-seventh Regiment was re-enlisted as vete rans, and became a part of the Fourth Division, Sixteenth Army Corps. On the 1st of May, 1864, the division moved from Decatur towards Atlanta, and on the 22d of July the regiment was engaged in one of the severest battles before that place. After pursuing Hood northward the regiment marched with Sherman to the sea and through the Caroli- nas ; was in the grand review at Washington ; then pro ceeded to Louisville, and received its final discharge at Camp Dennison in July, 1865. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. COMPANY K. Capt. William Feeney, com. Aug. 15, 1861 ; disch. by reason of expiration of term of Bervice, Aug. 20, 1864. 1st Lieut. George McDonough, com. Aug. 15, 1861 ; res. March 27, 1862. 2d Lieut. John V. Shrofe, com. Aug. 13, 1861 ; res. June 26, 1862. Sergt. William R- Moorehead, enl. Aug. 13, 1861 ; must, out at Columbus. Sergt. Thomas G. Smith, enl. Aug. 13, 1861; pro. to sergt., June 1, 1864. Corp. Pleasant M. Hutton, enl. Aug. 13, 1861; pro. to corp., Jan. 4, 1864; to sergt., June 1, 1864. Benjamin F. Sweet, enl. Aug. 13, 1861 ; pro. to Corp., Sept. 1, 1864. William E. Conover, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Charles H. Dennis, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. James H. Elwood, enl. Aug. 13, 1861 ; sent to Chattanooga, sick, Nov. 12, 1864. Leopold Gardner, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. William F. Ireton, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Benjamin D. Moore, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Francis Pohl, enl. Aug. 16, 1861. John W. Thomas, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Leander A. Walker, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Oscar P. Walker, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Sergt. Thomas R. Sweet, enl. Aug. 13, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 17, 1864, at Chatta nooga, Tenn., by reason of expiration of term of service. Sergt. Hillery J. Walker, enl. Aug. 13, 1861 ; disch. for promotion. Corp. John D. Hawthorne; disch. at Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. 17, 1864 ; term of service expired. Corp. Joseph E. H. Day, enl. Aug. 13, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 17, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn., by reason of expiration of term of service. Corp. James Van Buskirk, enl. Aug. 13, 1861; disch. Aug. 17, 1864, at Chatta nooga, Tenn., by reason of expiration of term of service. Charles I.Atkins, enl. Aug. 13, 1861; disch. Aug. 17, 1864, at Chattauooga, Tenn., by reason of expiration of term of service. Hiram Bolser, enl. Aug. 13, 1861; disch. Aug. 17, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn., by reason of expiration of term of service. Nathaniel Curtis, enl. Aug. 13, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 17, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn., by reason of expiration of term of Bervice. Ocellus Dennis, enl. Aug. 13, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 17, 1804, at Chattanooga, Tenn., by reason of expiration of term of service. David McMullen, enl. Aug. 13, 1861; disch. Aug. 17, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn., by reason of expiration of term of service. Artemus Smith, enl. Aug. 13, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 17, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn., by reason of expiration of term of service. Augustus C. AVest, enl. Aug. 13, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 17, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn., by reason of expiration of term of service. William S. Gains, enl. Aug. 13, 1861 ; disch. July 16, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn., by reason of expiration of term of service. THIRTY-THIRD OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY G. Ira L. Dunham, enl. Sept. 11, 1861. THIRTY-FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Camp Lucas (on the old Olive Branch fair-grounds), in July and August, 1861. On the 1st of September, 1861, it moved into Camp Den nison, and was there prepared for the field, adopting as a uniform a light-blue zouave dress. In compliment to their colonel the regiment was named the " Piatt Zouaves." On the 15th of the month the regiment left for West Virginia, and ten days later fought its first battle near Chapmans- ville. The following winter was spent in guarding the rear of Gen. Rosecrans' army. In March, 1862, the Thirty-fourth was ordered to Gauley Bridge, and was at the battle of Princeton. In the summer and fall it was engaged in an active campaign in West Virginia, often rendering excellent service. In May, 1863, the regiment was furnished with horses and transformed into " Mounted Rifles." It now began a series of rapid movements against the enemy, which were characterized by many sharp and bloody fights, which were especially disastrous to the field-officers, and much suffer ing was occasioned by the excessive burdens of the marches over a rough country, where food was so scarce that starva tion often ensued. In July, 1864, while at Charleston, the regiment was dismounted and as infantry proceeded to the Shenandoah Valley. It was in the battle of Winchester, where it lost a number of its officers, and the command devolved on Capt. S. R. S. West, who ably sustained his reputation as a gallant officer. On the 25th of July, 1864, at the battle of Martinsburg, the regiment was the last to leave the field, which it did under a galling fire. After a number of contests the regiment found itself again at Charleston, and on the 3d of September the non-veterans left it to go to Columbus for a final discharge, being under Capt. West. On the 19th of September the Thirty-fourth was in Sheridan's famous battle of Winchester, being the third time it had fought over the same ground. It suffered ter ribly, the color-guard having no less than six men wounded or killed while carrying the flag ; it was finally brought through safe by George Rynell, of Company A. In this engagement and the battles which followed the regiment had sixty-one men killed. In other battles which followed the strength of the regiment was reduced to such a small number, that on the 22d of February, 1865, it was con solidated with the Thirty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, the Thirty-fourth losing its identity, and the Clermont County men and others forming Company A in the new organization. The consolidation took place at Cumberland, Md., and from there the regiment Avas sent back to Winches ter, and after a short service was mustered out at Wheeling, July 27th, and disbanded at Columbus, Aug. 1, 1865. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. COMPANY A. Capt. Samuel R. S. West, com. July 25, 1861 ; pro. to maj. in 1864; disch. at end of term of service, Sept. 13, 1864. 1st Lieut. Benjamin J. Ricker, com. July 27,1861; detached as aid to Gen. Duffle, March, 1864; pro. to maj., Nov. 26, 1864; assigned to 36th Ohio Vol. Inf. 2d Lieut. John W. Cartwright, com. Sept. 2, 1861 ; wounded at battle of Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864. Sergt. Columbus P. Bennett, enl. Nov. 26,1863; taken prisoner at battle of Winchester, A'a., July 24, 1864. 208 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Sergt. Andy J. Temple, enl. Nov. 26, 1863. Sergt. Aaron S. Corbly, enl. Nov. 26, 1863. Sergt. Henry B. McGrew, enl. Nov. 26, 1863; pro. to sergt., Oct. 3, 1864. Corp. Archie F. Light, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; wounded at battle of Cove Mountain G.tp, Va., May 10th, and taken prisoner. Corp. Alvin Randall, enl. Nov. 25,1863; sick in hospital at Baltimore, Md., Aug. 15, 1864. Corp. John AV. Newman, enl. Feb. 1, 1862 ; wounded at battle of Cove Mountain Gap, Va., May 10, 1864, and taken prisoner. Corp. Isaac Calhoun, enl. Nov. 26, 1863; wounded at battle of New London, Va. ; whereabouts unknown. Corp. Harry Blackburn, enl. Nov. 30, 1863 ; trans, from Co. H, Sept. 3, 1864. Corp. Thomas A. McGrew, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; pro. to Corp., Sept. 3, 1864. Corp. Joseph D. Jotter, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; pro. to Corp., Oct. 3, 1864. Corp. Christian Spresser, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; pro. to Corp., Sept. 30, 1864. Joseph Anderson, enl. Nov. 25,1863. Benjamin Anderson, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; wounded at battle of Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864; in hospital at Martinsburg, Va. William Brunaugh, enl. Sept. 2, 1862; division teamster, Sept. 9,1864. David Brown, enl. Nov. 28, 1863; sick in hospital in Maryland, Aug. 15, 1864. Benjamin Bragdon, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; taken prisoner at battle of AVinchester, Va., July 24, 1864. William H. Boyd, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; sick in hospital at Philadelphia, Aug. 15, 1864. Cornelius Boulware, enl. Jan. 1,1864. Leonidas Boulware, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; sick in hospital at Winchester, Va., Oct. 19, 1864. William Barrett, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Augustus Basle, enl. Feb. 27, 1864; sick in hospital at Baltimore, Md., Sept. 3, 1864; trans, from Co. H, Sept. 3, 1864. Jerry Bowman, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. Charles Crooks, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; detached in Q.-M. Dept., Sept. 3, 1864 ; Cum berland, Md. George Camphill, enl. Nov. 30, 1863 ; sick in hospital at Baltimore, Md., Sept. 3, 1864. Augustus Cory, enl. Nov. 30, 1863. Theodore Crosby, enl. Feb. 22, 1864 ; sick in hospital at Baltimore, Md., Sept. 3, 1864. Milton Corbly, enl. Jan. 1, 1862 ; detached as a scout, April 1, 1864. James C. Conzens, enl. Nov. 25, 1863. William Dillingham, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; sick in hospital at Cumberland, Md., Oct. 10, 1864. Wilson Donham, enl. Jan. 18,1864; sick in hospital at Parkersburg, Va., July 25, 1864. Ludwick Evansbine, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; taken prisoner at battle of Winchester, Va., July 24, 1864. George Ewing, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Alfred Ewing, enl. March 8,1864; wounded at battle of Lynchburg, Va. James Eagan, enl. Nov. 30, 1863 ; trans, from Co. H, Sept. 3, 1864. George Elder, enl. May 21,1864; trans, from Co. H, Sept. 3, 1864 ; taken pris oner at battle of Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 17, 1864. William Elcock, enl. Sept. 6, 1864 ; taken prisoner at battle of Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 17, 1864. Elisha B. Eppert, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Frank Frondoff, enl. Nov. 30, 1863 ; trans, from Co. H, Sept. 3, 1864. Lachius C. Floro, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; sick in hospital at Gallipolis, Ohio, March 16, 1804. Patrick Frisby, enl. Nov. 25, 1863. Sylvester Foster, enl. March 1,1864; trans, from Co. K, Sept. 3, 1864 ; absent, sick (place unknown). Albert Fagin, enl. Jan. 1,1864; sick in hospital at Parkersburg, Va., July 26, 1864. John AV. Gillin, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Christopher Goudloe, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Alanson Hill, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; prisoner of war, Sept. 8,1864. William D. Hooper, enl. Nov. 25, 1863. David Hilton, trans, from Co. H, Sept. 3, 1864. William T. Hawkins, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; sick in hospital at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19,1864. Reason Hawkins, enl. Jan. 1,1864; wounded at battle of Fisher's Hill.Va. Sept. 22, 1864. Aaron Halffield, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. George Hiles, enl. March 8, 1864; in convalescent camp, Charleston, W. Va., May 1, 1861. Daniel Hartzell, enl. Aug. 5, 1862; trans, from Co. K, Sept. 3,1864, and absent, sick (no place). Elmore Jones, enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; wounded at battle of Winchester, Va., Sept. 19 1864, and in hospital, Philadelphia. Oscar Jones, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. William Johnson, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; sick in hospital, Winchester Va. Oct 19, 1864. John R. Kirgan, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; wounded at battle of Cove Mountain Gap, Va., May 10, 1864, and taken prisoner. Aaron S. Kirgan, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; detached as nurse in hospital at Sandy Hook, Md., July 24, 1864. Thomas Kilgore, enl. Dec. 23,1803; sick in hospital at Winchester, Va Sept 17, 1S64. ' '' Francis M. Leeds, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; in convalescent camp, Cumberland Md July 25, 1864. ' '' Charles Light, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; detached as scout August, 1864. David Lyoni, enl. Nov. 25, 186 1. William Latham, enl. Oct. 7, 1863. Franklin Lloyd, enl. Nov. 14, 1863 ; detached as division teamster, May 6 1864 Elias Loup, enl. Nov. 10, 1863. Henry Long, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; wounded at battle of Cove Mountain Gap Va May 10, 1864 ; taken prisoner. Edmond Lindsey, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Edmond P. McGrew, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Lewis Moujar, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Hiram A. Martin, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; detached as ambulance driver Sept. 3 1864. Benj. F. McCann, enl. Nov. 25, 1863. Floreuce McCarty, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; detached as orderly at brigade head quarters Oct. 25, 1864. Henry Newman, enl. Nov. 21, 1863 ; sick in hospital, Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. Henry Prater, enl. Dec. 18, 1803 ; detached as nurse in hospital, Wincliostor, Va., Sept. 12, 1864. Geoi-ge Rynell, enl. Nov. 25, 1863. George Rony, enl. Dec. 25, 1863 ; sick in hospital, Baltimore, Md., Aug. 16, 1864. James Ryan . George Stratton, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Druminond Slade, enl. Nov. 11, 1863, sick in hospital, Philadelphia, Aug. 15, 1864. George Sprecker, enl. Nov. 1, 1861 ; trans, from Co. K, Sept. 3, 1864. Thomas W. Lee, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Franklin Tedrow, enl. Dec. 23, 1863; taken prisoner at the battle of Winches ter, Va., July 24, 1864. Thomas Thompson, enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; sick in hospital, Philadelphia, Sept. 19, 1864. Bennett Trump, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Joseph Windsor, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. John D. Wells, enl. July 27, 1861 ; wounded at battle of Cove Mountain Gap, Va., May 10, 1864; taken prisoner. Silas Williams, enl. Oct. 1, 1863. John Weeks, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. John AValbriuner, enl. Nov. 30, 1863 ; trans, from Co. H, Sept. 3, 1864. Samuel AVise, enl. Feb. 25, 1864 ; trans, from Co. H, Sept. 3, 1864 ; absent, sick (place unknown). Walter B. Eppert, enl. Nov. 25, 1864. Martin Lerbeich, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; detached as bugler at Gen. Crook's head quarters, July 22, 1864. Sergt. Hamlin L. Avey, enl. Nov. 25, 1863. Sergt. Jacob Craig, enl. Nov. 25, 1803. Corp. Samuel Drake, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. George Conner, enl. Dec. 11, 1864. Samuel Barnes, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Discharged Sept. 3, 1864. Sergt. Joseph H. Short, Corp. John J. Warren, Corp. Jacob Donham, John An drews, John Brunaugh, Benjamin Behymer, Joseph Commissan, Alonsso Duly, Adam Daniels, Orlando Leeds, John Hessey, William Ralls, Daniel Sullivan, Robert Smith, Wm. Thompson, Saml. Vansant, George Knabb. DETACHMENT OF COMPANY A. Sergt. Joseph H. Short, enl. July 23, 1861. Corp. John I. Warren, enl. July 27, 1861. Corp. Jacob Donham, enl. July 27, 1861. John T. Andrew, enl. July 23, 1861. Benjamin Behymer, enl. July 27, 1861. John C. Hrunaugh, enl. July 27, 1861. Joseph Commissan, enl. July 23, 1861; absent, sick, at Frederick, Md. Adron H. Daniels, enl. July 27, 1861. Alonzo Duly, enl. July 27, 1861. John Hessey, enl. July 27, 1861. Oilanda Leeds, enl, July 27, 1861. Daniel Sullivan, enl. July 27, 1861. Robert Smith, enl. July 27, 1861. William Thompson, enl. July 27, 1861. Samuel A. Vansant, enl. July 27, 1861. George F. Knabb, enl. July 23, 1861. THIRTY-FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Benjamin Cummiugs, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. THIRTY-SIXTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Capt. Thomas J. B. Hopkins, com. March 10, 1865 ; pro. to sergt, Co. A, July V, 1861 ; pro. to 1st lieut., Co. A, 36th O. V. C, Nov. 6, 1864; trans, to 36» O. V. I., Feb. 4, 1865; pro. to capt., Co. A, 36th O. V. I., Nov. 10, 1865- MILITARY HISTORY. 209 1st Lieut. Andrew J. Temple, com. March 10, 1865 ; pro. to sergt., Co. A, 36th 0. V. I, July 27, 1861 ; trans, to 36th 0. V. I., Feb. 24, 1865 ; pro. to 1st lieut., Co. A, 36th 0. V. I., March 10, 1865. 2d Lieut. Lafayette Hawk, com. May 16, 1865 ; pro. to sergt., Co. C, 36th O. V. 0., July 24, 1863; pro. to 2d lieut., May 16, 1865. Capt. Hiram F.Duval, com. July 29,1861; pro. to maj., 36th 0. V. T , Sept. 7, 1862. 2d Lieut. James C. Gelby, com. July 29, 1861 ; pro. to 1st lieut., and assigned to Co F, April 1,1862. 2d Lieut. John D. Michell, com. Aug. 5, 1861 ; pro. to 1st lieut., and assigned to Co. H, Oct. 3, 1862. 1st Lieut. John A. Palmer, com. Sept 25, 1862 ; res. June 18, 1863. 1st Lieut. Augustus T. Ward, com. April 27, 1864 ; pro. to capt., March 10, 1865 ; assigned to Co. F, 36th 0. V. I. 1st Lieut. Jonathan Patton, com. Oct. 21, 1864; trans, to Co. F, 56th 0. V. I., April 25, 1864. 2d Lieut. Samuel W. Harvey, com. April 21, 1864 ; trans, to Co. G, 56th 0. V. I., April 25, 1864. Capt. James G. Barker, com. Oct. 21, 1862 ; must, out Nov. 4, 1864, at Marietta, 0. 1st Sergt. Joel E. Stacy, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Sergt. John Gammons, enl. Feb. 15, 1861. Sergt. Henry B. McGrew, enl. Nov. .25, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. Sergt. Alvin C. Brandall, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. Sergt. Jeremiah Unger, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Corp. James R. Ghaler, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Corp. Christian Spresser, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; trans, from 34tb 0. V. I., June 30 1865. Corp. Thomas A. McGrew, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. Corp. Joseph D. Potter, enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; trans, from 34tb 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. Corp. Archie F. Light, enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. Corp. Henry Prater, enl. Dec. 8, 1863; appointed corp. July 1, 1865. Corp. John Stoed, enl. Feb. 15, 1864 ; appointed corp. July 1, 1865. Corp. John Gilten, enl. Dec. 23, 1863 ; appointed corp. July 1, 1865. Teamster James V. Swards, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Joseph Anderson, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. Benj imin Bragdon, enl. Nov. 25, 1863. William H. Boyd, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; absent at Philadelphia since Aug. 15, 1864. Cornelius Boulware, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Leonidas Boulware, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; sick at Cincinnati, Ohio. Henry Bishop, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. William Bishop, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. John Balch, enl. Oct. 27, 1863. John Best, enl. April 23, 1864. George Brown, enl. March 9, 1865. George Carpenter, enl. Jan. 24, 1864. Richard Dudley, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. John W. Dudley, enl. Aug. 8, 1864. William Dillingham, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. Stephen C. Duval, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Ephraim Dewolf, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Elisha B. Eppert, enl. Feb. 24, 1864; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. Walter B. Eppert, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., Juno 30, 1865. Ludwick Evanshine, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. Alfred Ewing, enl. March 8, 1864; traus. from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. George Ewing, enl. Jan. 4, 1864; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. Zackus C. Floro, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; sick at Claysville, Md. Patrick Frisby, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; sick. Albert Fagin, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; sick at Claysville, Md. Charles Griggs, enl. Feb. 15, 1861. Goodcil B. Grub, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Lafayette Georss, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Christopher Goodloe, eul. Jan. 1, 1861; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. Alanson Hill, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. William D. Hooper, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. William P. Hawkins, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; trans. from 34th 0. V. I., June 30,1865. George Hiles, enl. March 8, 1864 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1865. William H. Hill, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Patrick Holland, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Elmore Jones, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. Oscar Jones, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. William Johnson, enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. Aaron S. Kirgan, enl. Nov. 28, 1863 ; trans, from 34th O. V. I., June 30, 1864. Franklin Loyd, enl. Nov. 14, 1863; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1861. Olias Loop, enl. Nov. 10, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. Francis M. Leeds, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. David Lyons, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. Charles Light, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I , June 30, 1864. Martin Lebrick, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. AVilliam Lathin, eul. Oct. 1, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30,1864. Edmund Lindsey, enl. Dec. 23, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. William Lnnkester, enl. Feb. 15, 1864; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. George Long, enl. Dec. 11, 1863 ; trans, from 34th O. V. I., Juno 30, 1864. James H. McKee, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Hiram A. Martin, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. 27 Benjamin McCann, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; trans, from 34th O.V. I., June 30, 1864. Floronco McCarty, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. Edward McGrew, enl. Dec. 23, 186.1; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1804. Lewis Moujar, onl. Dec. 23, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. Allen D. Morris, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Pearly F. Nott, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Samuel B. Newton, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Joseph Onniston, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Isaac Palmer, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. James A. Pope, eul. March 3, 1865. Joseph Peirloy, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Charles Phillips, enl. April 20, 1864. George Roney, enl. Dec. 25, 1863; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. James M. Ross, enl. Feb. 16, 1864. George Rynell, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. George AV. Slye, onl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. John Stewart, onl. Feb. 24, 1865. Drummond Slade, enl. Nov. 11, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. Thomas 0. Steed, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Albert D. Shaffer, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Sledan Storove, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. James R. H. Smith, enl. March 2, 1865. William Tracy, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. Bennett Trump, enl. Dec. 23, 1863; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. Franklin Tedrow, enl. Dec. 23, 1863; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. Joseph Windsor, enl. Dec. 23, 1863; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. John Weeks, enl. Dec. 23, 1863 ; trans, from 34th 0. V. I., June 30, 1864. Jacob Wooster, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. William Wachs, enl. March 27, 1861. James V. Zollars, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. DiscJtarged. Frederick Davis, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 6, 1861, at Lannersville, Va. Moses Monett, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 31, 1862, at Cross Lanes, Va. Simson Devoe, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. July 25, 1862, at Columbus; Ohio. Church B. Severance, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. July 25, 1862, at Columbus, 0. Andrew Davis, disch. Aug. 25, 1862, at Columbus, Ohio. James fluey, disch. Dec. 22, 1862, at Washington, D. C. John Shafer, disch. June 4, 1863, at Gallipolis, Ohio. Arthur W. Barker, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; disch. for wounds, April 24, 1863, at Columbus, Ohio. Corp. Joseph Dye, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. for wounds, March 14, 1863, at Co lumbus, Ohio. William D. McKracken, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; disch. for disability, July 25, 1863, at Murfreesboro', Tenn. 1st Sergt. Theodore Hoyt, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Nov. 16, 1863, at Copell, Tenn. Corp. Augustus A. Wood, enl. July 29, 1861; disch. for wounds, Dec. 7, 1863, at Gallatin. Robert Nesselrove, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Dec. 7, 1863, at Gal latin. Thomas T. Jackson, enl. July 29, 1861; disch. for disability, June 10, 1864, at Gallatin. Christopher Smith, enl. July 29, 1S61 ; disch. for disability, Feb. 29, 1864, at Gal latin. Eli G. AVilson, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service. Corp. James D. Grubb, eul. July 29, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of ser vice, Sept. 4, 1861, at Harper's Ferry, Va. Corp. Charles H. Deval, enl. July 29, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of ser vice, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. Teamster Ralph Crooks, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of ser vice, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. William Barnhart, enl. July 29, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. Benjamin F. Clay, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. Harris Deval, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. Silas A. Deval, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. J. L. Davis, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry. Herinin E. Davis, enl. July 29, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. Hildreth Davis, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. Robert Leral, enl. July 29, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. Saluthaiel Ladd, enl. July 29, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. Henry 0. McLure, enl. July 29, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. Benjamin Nott, enl. July 29, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept . 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, A'a. Oscar J. Oween, enl. July 29, 1861; disch. ou expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Ya. Daniel Owen, enl. Sept. 28, 186 L ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 28, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. no HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. John B. Oliver, enl. July 29,1861; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, A'a. Charles AV. Perkins, enl. July 29, 1801 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. John C. Biggs, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of Bervice, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. AVilliam lio«s, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. John Smilb, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. Marion H.AVincient, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. Amos AVilson, enl. July 29, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of Bervice, Sept. 4, 1864, at Harper's Ferry, Va. Hardison Parson, enl. Feb. 15,1864; disch. for disability, April 27, 1865, at Cumberland, Md. Henry Schockley, enl. Dec. 11, 1863; disch. for disability, May 25, 1865, at Cumberland, Md. Sergt. George P. Smith, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; disch. June 27, 1865, at Cumber land, Md. Corp. AVilleany C. Brown, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; disch. Juno 27, 1865, at Cumber land, Md. William Brunaugh, enl. April 2, 1862 ; disch. June 27, 1865, at Cumberland, Md. Jerry Bowman, enl. Aug. 17,1864; disch. June 27, 1865, at Cumberland, Md. AVilliam Deval, enl. Aug. 12, 1S62; disch. June 27, 1865, at Cumberland, Md. Didrer Gooreye, enl. Aug. 12,1862; disch. June 27, 1865, at Cumberland, Md. George Frony, enl. Aug. 4, 1864; disch. June 27, 1865, at Cumberland, Md. Charles R. Stowe, enl. Feb. 24, 1864 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Feb. 24, 1865, at Cumberland, Md. Ezekiel Roberts, enl. Feb. 15, 1864; disch. in compliance with order of the War Department. Corp. Edmond Davis, enl. July 29,1864; disch. on expiration of term of service, March 20, 1865, at Cumberland, Md. Corp. Charles C. Davis, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. for wounds, Feb. 1, 1865, at Columbus, Ohio. Alexander C. Deval, enl. Sept. 15, 1864; disch. for disability, June 6, 1865, at Columbus, Ohio. Davis Brown, enl. Nov. 28, 1863 ; disch. June 6, 1865, at Frederick, Md. Thomas Thompson, enl. June 1, 1864; disch. for disability, April 27, 1865, at Cumberland, Md. W. Lee Thomas, enl. June 1, 1864; disch. for disability, June 7, 1865, at Cum berland, Md. Silas Williams, enl. Oct. 1, 1863; disch. May 15, 1865, at Cumberland, Md. Henry Long, enl. Jan. 1, 1864 ; disch. for disability, April 27, 1865, at Colum bus, Ohio. James Ryan, onl. Jan. 4, 1864; disch. May 30, 1865, at Cumberland, Md. Corp. Jim Newman, enl. Feb. 1, 1862 ; disch. for wounds, April 4, 1865, at Co lumbus, Ohio. Henry Newman, enl. Dec. 23, 1863; disch. June 5, 1865, at Cumberland, Md. Thomas Kilgore, enl. Dec. 23, 1863; disch. June 6, 1865, at Camp Dennison Ohio. Sergt. Columbus Bennett, enl. Nov. 25, 1863; disch. in compliance with order. Reason Hawkins, enl. Jan. 1, 1864; disch. for wounds, March 29, 1865, at Philadelphia, Pa. Benjamin Anderson, enl. Jan. 1,1864; disch. for wounds, March 29,1865 at Philadelphia, Pa. Jim Wagoner, enl. Nov. 25, 1863. Transferred. Corp. A. W. Barker, enl. July 29, 1861 ; trans. Dec. 10,1801, to 77th Ohio Inf. as 2d lieut. William Bnrlon, enl. July 29, 1861; trans. April 4, 1862, to Co. H, 36th O. V. I. Sergt. Osmer Wood, enl. July 29, 1861 ; trans. May 27, 1862, to Co K 3Ctb O v. r. Sergt. MUes A. Stacy, enl. July 29, 1861 ; trans. Oct. 25, 1862, to Co. B 36th O V.I. Jesse H. Banker, eul. July 29,1861; trans. Jan. 1, 1863, to Co B N C S "6th O.V.I. ' '' William W. Harewood, enl. Feb. 15, 1864 ; trans. Jan. 1, 1864, to Co B N C S 36th 0. V. I. ' James A. Shears, enl. July 29, 1861 ; trans. July 10, 1864, to 1st Maryland Bat. Sergt. George W. Putman, enl. July 29, 1861; trans. July 1, 1864 to Co C 36th O.V.I. ' Avis F. Stacy, enl. July 29, 1861 ; trans. April 10, 1864, to V.R. C. James L. Lancaster, enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; trans. April 30, 1864 to V. R. C Sergt. Aaron S. Corbly, eul. Nov. 25, 1863; trans. March 10, 1865, to Co. C 36th Wilson Denham, enl. Jan. 18, 1864 ; trans. March 10, 1865, to V. R C Sergt. W. K. Johnson, enl. Feb. 15, 1804; trans. March.10, 1865, to Co. E, 36th Sergt. Benjamin Bragg, eul. Feb. 15, 1864; trans. March 10, 1865, to Co. B 36th Zebulon J. Nisclon, enl. Feb. 15, 1864; trans. Jan. 1, 1865, to Co. F, 36th 0. V I Deaths. James F. Stewart, enl. July 29, 1861 ; accidentally shot Aug. 31, 1861 at Hue-lies River, Va. ' s Isaac Armstrong, enl. July 29, 1861 ; died Dec. 9,1861, at Summersvillo Va measles. James L. Glidden, enl. July 29, 1861 ; killed in action, May 23, 1862 at Sonra burg, Va. Dojer B. McCIure, enl. July 29, 1861 ; died June 18, 1864, at Washington Co Ohio, of wounds in action. ' William TuIIub, enl. July 29, 1861; died Aug. 10, 1862, at Meadow Bluffs y, of brain disease. Corp. Cortland Shephard, eul. July 29, 1861 ; killed in action Sept. 14 1862 at Soufli Mountain, Md. Corp. William Marshall, enl. July 29, 1861 ; killed in action, July 25, 1803 at Murfreesboro', Tenn. Geo. W. Kierns, enl. July 29, 1861; died of consumption, Nov. 8, 1862, at Clai-ks- burg, Va. Martin Miller, enl. July 29, 1861 ; drowned Sept. 12, 1862, at Alexandria Va. Perley J. Nesselroad, enl. July 29, 1861 ; killed in action, Nov. 25,1863 at Chat tanooga, Tenn. Henry Ripley, enl. July 29, 1861 ; killed in action, Nov. 25, 1863, at Chatta nooga, Tenn. Corp. AV. U. Thornburg, enl. July 29, 1861 ; killed in action, June 18, 1804 at Lynchburg, Va. John A. Ladd, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; died Dec. 13, 1863, at Chattanooga, Tenn. of wounds received in action. Corp. Albert Henton, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; killed in action, Sept. 3, 1863, at Berry. ville, Va. Daniel R. Ross, enl. Sept. 28, 1861 ; died Dec. 12, 1862, at Snmmersville, Va. of measles. Lymon D. Pearow, enl. Feb. 15, 1864; killed by guerrillas, May 18, 18C4 in Greenbrier Co., Va. Jacob Youngblood, enl. Feb. 15, 1864; killed in action, Sept. 3, 1864, at Bern- bill, Va. Francis D. McCartel, enl. Feb. 15, 1864 ; died Oct. 24, 1864, at Florence, S. C. John Living, enl. Fob. 15, 1864; killed in action, Oct. 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, Va. Corp. David Cory, enl. March 25, 1804 ; killed in action, July 24, 1864, at Win chester, Va. AVilliam Elcook, enl. Sept. 6, 1864 ; died Dec. 9, 1864, at Salisbury, N. C. Isaac Calhoon, enl. Nov. 25, 1863 ; died in prison of wounds, March 9, 1865, at Danville, Va. Samuel Meacralf, enl. Oct. 26, 1864 ; died at Staunton, Va., Jan. 9, 1865. William Ladd, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; died in rebel prison (date unknown). COMPANY G. James Crane, enl. Sept. 11, 1862 ; miBsing in action (no cause given). THIRTY-NINTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY This regiment rendezvoused at Camp Colerain, ten miles north of Cincinnati, in July, 1861, but in August moved to Camp Dennison, where its organization was completed. On the 18th of the month it left for St. Louis, and was the first Ohio regiment to enter Missouri and join the forces under Gen. Fremont, and participated in the Missouri cam paign. Thence it moved down the Mississippi as part of Gen. Pope's army, and took an active part in the campaign in Western Tennessee and Mississippi. The men were often without rations and improperly clad, enduring great sufferings. On the 26th of December, 1863, many ot the men re-enlisted, and the regiment rendezvoused at Camp Dennison to replenish its ranks. On the 5th of May, 1864, it moved on the Atlanta campaign, and on the march to the sea and through the Carolinas it acquitted itself with great bravery. The regiment was in the review at Washington, and was mustered out at Camp Dennison, July 9, 1865. It never was in a retreat, and served with distinction under Pope, Logan, Howard, McPherson, Sherman, and Grant. In the veteran reorganization it contributed more men than any other regiment in the State. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. COMPANY E. Q.M.-Sergt. Samuel A. Hall, enl. July 13, 1861 ; must, as private in Cupt. Jon- kins' Co. E ; app. q.m.-sergt., July 13, 1801. Capt. John S. Jenkins, com. July 13, 1861. Sergt. John David, enl. July 13, 1861. Sergt. Jacob Broadwell, enl. July 13, 1801. Sergt. William N. Chapman, enl. July 13, 1861. MILITARY HISTORY. 211 Corp. Frank Higbt, enl. July 13, 1861. Corp. Francis C. Manning, enl. July 13, 1861. Corp. Thomas J. Meeker, enl. July 13, 1861. Corp. James Hahn, enl. July 13, 1861. Corp. John S. Lowe, enl. July 13, 1861. Corp. Samuel F. Fagin, onl. July 13, 1861. Oliver Brown, enl. July 13, 1861. Melvin C. Brazier, enl. July 13, 1861. CharleB Baker, enl. July 13, 1861. Eugene Cross, enl. July 13,1861. William L. Coler, enl. July 13, 1861. Charles Ellis, enl. July 13,1861. Orlando M. Given, enl. July 13, 1861. John G. Herrin, enl. July 13, 1861. Samuel Hall, enl. July 13, 1861. William H. Johnson, eul. July 13, 1861. William H. Johnson (2d), enl. July 13, 1861 . James Morgan, enl. July 13, 1861. J David B. McColm, enl. July 13, 1861. Jeremiah A. McGill, enl. July 13, 1861. Samuel Mooney, enl. July 13, 1861. John Pollock, enl. July 13, 1861. Johu A. Reese, enl. July 13, 1861. George W. Stafford, onl. July 13, 1861. John C. Still, enl. July 13, 1861. Joseph M. Strickley, enl. July 13, 1861. George Shannon (no date). William Sheets, enl. July 13, 1861. John Ward, enl. July 13, 1861. Discltarged. Thomas Hill, enl. July 13, 1861 ; mu«t. out at Chattanooga, Tenn., by reason expiration term of service, Aug. 12, 1864. William Kyle, enl. July 13, 1861; must, out at Chattanooga, Tenn., by reason expiration term of service, Aug. 12, 1864. Frank B. Lane, enl. July 13, 1861 ; must, out at Chattanooga, Tenn., by reason expiration term of service, Aug. 12, 1864. James C. Lans, enl. March 1, 1863 ; must, out at Goldsboro', N. C, March 27, 1805, by reason expiration term of service. John A. Settle, enl. July 13, 1861; must, out at Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. 12, 1864, by reason expiration term of service. Transferred. William Early, enl. July 13, 1861 ; traus. to Co. D, 39th Regt. Ohio Vet. Vol. Inf., March 3, 1864. Frank Manning, enl. July 13, 1861; trans, to Co. F, 39th Kegt. Ohio Vet. Vol. Inf., March 29, 1864. James Swenry, enl. July 13, 1861; trans, to Co. K, 39th Begt. Ohio Vet. Vol. Inf., May 29, 1864. Allen Temple, enl. July 13, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D, 39th Kegt. Ohio Vet. Vol. Inf., Feb. 25, 1864. , Veteran Becruii. Aaron Fagin, enl. Jan. 26, 1864. COMPANY D. Capt. Chris. A. Morgan, com. July 8, 1861. 1st Lieut. Willard P. Stoms, com. July 20, 1861. Sergt. John B. Kyan, enl. July 8, 1861. Sergt. Eli G. Vincent, enl. July 16, 1861. Corp. Alfred Carle, enl. July 16, 1861. Corp. Andrew Vincent, enl. July 20, 1861. John W. Andrews, enl. July 16, 1861. James Baker, enl. July 25, 1861. Josiah Bartlett, enl. July 31, 1861. . Joseph Bowman, enl. July 30, 1861. Frank Bowman, enl. July 22, 1861. Patrick 0. Brien, enl. July 26, 1801. George Benson, enl. July 16, 1861. John Brooks, eul. July 16, 1861. Oliver Brown, enl. July 30, 1861. David Carle, enl. July 16, 1861. Nathan W. Clayton, enl. July 25, 1861. Aglomah Cooley, enl. July 31, 1861. George Close, enl. July 31,1861. Charles Emery, enl. July 25, 1861. Francis Fern, enl. July 20, 1861. John Fitch, enl. July 20, 1861. J. Hamilton Gregg, enl. July 31, 1861. Antona Gardner, enl. July 20, 1861. Ludwick Griess, enl. July 20, 1861. John W. Jewell, enl. July 20, 1861. Thomas A. Hays, enl. July 20, 1861 ; app. corp. June 3, 1865. William Hobson, enl. July 20, 1861. James Hunter, enl. July 20, 1861. Jasper Keelor, enl. July 20, 1861. Johu Langsdon, eul. July 20, 1801. John Langan, enl. July 20, 1861. Jacob Lano, enl. July 15, 1861. Joseph Marsh, enl. July 30, 1861. John W. MasterBon, enl. July 30, 1861. William May, enl. July 8, 1861. John W. Miller, enl. July 25, 1801. Nathaniel Nottorflold, enl. July 15, 1861. Henry Peck, enl. July 15, 1861. David F. Silver, enl. July 31, 1861. Florence L. Simpson, enl. July 31, 1861. James Smith, enl. July 20, 1801. Benjamin Smith, enl. July 20, 1861. Jacob Spinning, enl. July 20, 1861. James Tate, enl. July 26, 1861. Isaac Taylor, enl. July 12, 1861. Homer Turrell, enl. July 30, 186L. John Tinks, enl. July 20, 1861. Andrew Wachsleter, enl. July 8, 1861. Oscar Warwick, enl. July 28, 1861. ttobert M. C. Watson, enl. July 31, 1861. Frederick Hocsman, enl. July 31, 1861. FORTY-EIGHTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. The regiment was organized at Camp Dennison, Feb. 17, 1862, and shortly after reported to Gen. W. T. Sher man at Paducah, but soon passed on to Pittsburg Landing, disembarking there on the 19th of March. It participated in the battles there, losing about one-third of its members. It was among the first to enter the rebel works at Corinth ; was with Sherman up the Arkansas River. At Vicksburg and at Jackson it performed a prominent part. The Forty- eighth, now a mere remnant, was captured at Sabine Cross- Roads, and was not exchanged until October, 1864. After wards most of the men re-enlisted, and the regiment shared in the capture of Mobile, and at the close of the war was in Texas. It was mustered out of the service in May, 1866. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. COMPANY G. Christian Burkhart, enl. Nov. 14, 1861. AVesley A. Coombs, enl. Nov. 20, 1861. William E. Conard, enl. Nov. 20, 1861. Peter A. Deller, enl. Nov. 9, 1861. David Dutcher, enl. Nov. 9, 1861. Theodore B. David, enl. Nov. 9, 1861. Addison Glancy, enl. Nov. 19, 1861. James Hair, enl. Nov. 19, 1861. Elliot E. Leming, enl. Nov. 15, 1861. Samuel S. Long, enl. Nov. 15, 1861. AVilliam C. Longley, enl. Nov. 15, 1861. David Murphy, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. William B. Marshall, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Thomas M. McClain, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Andrew C. Muny, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Joseph K. Mendenhall, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Adam C. McCormick, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Michael M. McEntire, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Samuel H. Milton, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Alexander Patterson, enl. Nov. 9, 1861. George N. Peters, enl. Nov. 9, 1861. John W. Quinn, enl. Nov. 9, 1861. Bichard A. South, enl. Nov. 14, 1861. Zedekiah South, enl. Nov. 14, 1861. COMPANY H. Corp. Alexander Troy, enl. Sept. 19, 1862 ; trans, from Co. B, Jan. 1, 1862. Ezekiel Harold, enl. Sept. 19, 1862; trans, from Co. K, Jan. 1, 1862. COMPANY K. Corp. Brinton C. Bourne, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; priv. at enl. ; pro. Nov. 25, 1861. Corp. Andrew M. Copper, enl. Oct. 16, 1861 ; priv. at enl. ; pro. Nov. 25, 1861. Musician John Morris, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; priv. at enl. ; pro. Nov. 25, 1861. Jerry Alcorn, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Henry L. Bolinger, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Smith Brown, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Walter F. Chaffin, enl. Sept. 19, 1801. Elias Conover, eul. Sept. 19, 1861. William Cook, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Ezekiel Harrold, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. AValter G. Jeffries, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. 212 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. William H. Knot, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. John C. Bunyan, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Thomas Short, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. William Sheck, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Randolph Smith, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. John W. Troy, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Alexander Troy, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. James H. Troy, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. FIFTIETH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This organization was recruited from the State at large, and was formed into a regiment at Camp Dennison, Aug. 27, 1862. On the first of the following month it went to the defense of Cincinnati in the Kirby Smith raid. From this on it was active in the Kentucky and East Tennessee movements, which necessitated long and wearisome marches. In May, 1864, the regiment became a part of the army which moved against Atlanta, and was in line of battle almost continually. It was at Dallas, New Hope Church, Lost Mountain, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw, Culp House, Chattahoochie, Atlanta, Jonesboro', and other places, and had its ranks fearfully thinned. It pursued Hood, and was in the campaigns which followed his northward move ment, again losing many men. At Columbia the Ninety- ninth Ohio was consolidated with it, the Fiftieth having at this time only about one hundred men. It accompanied the Twenty-third Corps to the East vid Cincinnati and Washington City, to Wilmington, N. C, Kingston, Golds- boro', and was mustered out at Salisbury in June, 1865. On the 17th of July it arrived at Camp Dennison, where it was paid and discharged. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. COMPANY G. Capt. Elmor AV. Williams, com. Aug. 24,1864; appointed 2d lieut. Co. D,50th 0. V. I., Aug. 27, 1862 ; pro. to 1st lieut., Oct. 8, 1862 ; pro. to capt., Aug. 24, 1864. Capt. James W. Cahill, com. Aug. 26, 1862 ; appointed capt. by Governor of Ohio, Aug. 26, 1862 ; resigned July 1, 1864. 1st Lieut. David H. Robinson, com. Dec. 10, 1864 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31, 1864. 1st Lieut. Anthony Anderson, com. Jan. 14, 1863 ; appointed 2d lieut. by Gover nor of Ohio, Aug. 26, 1863 ; pro. Jan. 14, 1S63. 2d Lieut. Sidney H. Cook, com. May 16,1864; sergt.-maj. at enlistment ; pro. June 16, 1864, from Co. E. 2d Lieut. Martin V. B. Little, com. Jan. 14, 1863 ; 1st sergt. at enlistment ; pro. Jan. 14, 1863; resigned May 17,1864. 1st Sergt. Eliaa C. Stanclift, enl. Aug. 14, 1862; sergt. at enlistment; pro. to 1st sergt., Aug. 5, 1864 ; sick at Wheeling, W. Va. Sergt. Wilson Johnson, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31, 1864. Sergt. Alexander R. McCoy, enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th O. V. I., Dec. 31, 1804. Sergt. Bobison F. Leffingwell, enl. July 8, 1862 ; trans, from 09th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31, 1864. Sergt. John Duncan, enl. Aug. 15, 1862; corp. at enlistment; pro. Jan. 1, 1863- paroled prisoner. Corp. Clinton Arnold, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th O.V. I., Dec. 31, 1864. Corp. William R. Lindsey, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; appointed Corp., Aug. 26, 1862. Corp. George Conner, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; appointed Corp., Aug. 26, 1862- sick in hospital, Nashville, Tenn. Corp. Henry Helmering, enl. July 29, 1862 ; appointed corp., Aug. 26, 1862. Corp. Henry Furhman, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0 V I., Dec. 31, 1864. Corp. Edward W. Larue, enl. Aug. 2, 1862. Corp. Philip Hamen, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; pro. to Corp., Deo. 1 1864. AVagoner Israel Downing, enl. Aug. 5,1862; trans, from 99th 0 V I to 50th O.V.I., Dec. 31,1864. William Aubert, enl. July 24, 1862; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0 V I Dec. 31, 1864. " ' '' James L. Allen, enl. Aug. 5, 1862; trans, from 99th O.V.I, to 50th 0 V I Dec. 31, 1864. ' ' '' Alpheus Allgire, enl. Aug. 6,1862; trans from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V I Dec. 31, 1864; paroled prisoner. John Bevington, enl. Aug. 2, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50tli 0. V. I Dec. 31, 1864. ' ' '' Emanuel Bryan, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V I Dec. 31, 1861. ' ' '' William E. Bnrk, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Enos Bryan, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. William Behymer, enl. Aug. 6, 1802. William Burkhart, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; a paroled prisoner. Frederick Bowen, enl. Aug. 21, 1862 ; a paroled prisoner. Robert Boyer, enl. Aug. 21, 1862 ; a paroled prisoner. Solomon Behymer, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; in hospital, Camp Dennison, Ohio wounded. Alexander W. Conner, enl. Aug. 2, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31, 1864. George W. Cable, enl. Aug. 3, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31,1804. William M. Clouse, enl. Aug. 2, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31*1864. Charles W. Carpenter, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31, 1864. Runyan Day, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Thomas B. Day, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Albert Day, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Edwin Evanshine, enl. Aug. 15, 1862; a paroled prisoner. George W. Exline, enl. Aug. 3, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31, 1864. Louis Eysenbach, enl. July 30, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31,1864. Benjamin Fisher, enl. Aug. 6,1862; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th O.V.I., Dec. 31, 1864. AVilliam Foster, enl. Aug. 4, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Deo. 31, 1864. Benjamin Figgins, enl. Aug. 2, 1862 ; in hospital, Nashville, Tenn. John AV. Fonts, enl. Aug. 2, 1862. James M. Folks, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; a paroled prisoner. George W. Gamble, enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31, 1864. George Groves, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Simeon M. Hickman, enl. Aug. 5,1862; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V.I. Thomas W. Hire, enl. Aug. 3, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I. ; in hospital at Louisville, Ky. King S. Hartzug, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I.; taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863; has not Bince been beavd of. John Israel, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Francis J. Jefferres, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Charles Jefferres, enl. Aug. 18, 1862 ; a paroled prisoner. Joseph E. Johnson, enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Deo. 31, 1864. Simeon A. Jackson, enl. Aug. 2, 1862 ; trans, from 99th O. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31, 1864. Sylvester W. Johnson, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31,1864. George Johnson, enl. Aug. 14, 1862; in hospital, Camp Dennison, Ohio. William H. Krugh, enl. Aug. 2, 1862 ; trans, from 99th O. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I, Dec. 31, 1864. Jacob M. Krugh.enl. Aug. 2, 1862; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th O.V. I., Dec. 31, 1804. Benjamin F. Kear, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V.I., Dec. 31, 1864. Philip Kaufman, eul. Aug. 9, 1862. Edwin R. Lindsey, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. George W. Morlimer, enl. July 24, 1862 ;' trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Deo. 31, 1864. Albert Pierce, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; a paroled prisoner. Elbridge Pierce, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; a paroled prisoner. William A. Roberts, enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th O.V. I., Dec. 31, 1S64. Calvin Reichard, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th O.V. I., Dec. 31, 1864. Benjamin Sliinabery, enl. July 28, 1862 ; tranB. from 99th 0. V. I. to 60th 0. V. I., Dec. 31, 1864. Solomon Schnepp, enl. Aug. 3, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31, 1864. Noah E. Sutton, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Thomas Tice, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Thomas Thompson, enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 60th 0. V. I. ; in hoBpital, Camp Dennison, Ohio. William G. Vail, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I. George Wentz, enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; tranB. from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. L Israel S. AVelch, eul. Aug. 6, 1862; trans, from 99th 0. V. I. to 50th 0. V. I., Dec. 31, 1864; in hospital, Nashville, Tenn. William White, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. John J. Wahl, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. James M. Weadock, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. MILITARY HISTORY. 213 Sergt. David Harnley, enl. Aug. 4,1862; disch. Dec. 31, 1864. Sergt. Francis M. Fagin, enl. Aug. 5, 1862; disch. Dec. 31, 1864. Sergt. Joseph Roch, enl. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. Dec. 31, 1864. Corp. David Clenn, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; disch. Deo. 31, 1864. William H. Binkley, enl. Aug. 2, 1862 ; disch. May 3, 1865. George Clenn, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 22, 1863. John Crawford, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; disch. April 25, 1863. William H. Denny, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. April 8, 1863. Solomon Denny, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 24, 1863. Middleton Humes, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; disch. May 3, 1865. Edwin L. House, enl. Aug. 23, 1862; disch. May 3, 1865. Oscar L. Towner, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; disch. for disability, Dec. 5, 1862. John W. Porter, enl. Aug. 14, 1862; disch. for disability, April 24, 1863. James II. Williams, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. May 3, 1865. Charles Willet, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; disch. May 3, 1865. Transferred. Valentine Klnmp, enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; trnnB. to Vet. Res. Corps, March 18, 1864. William Lillich, enl. Aug. 15, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, March 18, 1865. Killed or Died of Wounds. Levi Hamen, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; killed in battle of Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864. William Kennedy, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; killed in battle of rerryville, Oct. 8, 1862. David Bupp, enl. July 20, 1862 ; killed in battle of Perryville, Oct. 8, 1862. Sergt. Charles J. Medbery, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; died of wounds in Ga., Aug. 4, 1864. COMPANY D. John H. Glasgow, enl. Aug. 2, 1862 ; in hospital, Dec. 1, 1864. Thomas Glasgow, enl. July 10, 1862. COMPANY I. Corp. George H. Reese, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. COMPANY K. Capt. Oliver S. McClure, com. Aug. 21, 1862 ; appointed lBt lieut., Aug. 21, 1862 ; pro. June 29, 1863. 1st Lieut. Josiah Moorehead, com. Aug. 12, 1862; appointed 2d lieut., Aug. 15, 1862 ; pro. Jan. 8, 1863 ; trans, from 99th Ohio Vol. Inf. to 50th Ohio Vol. Inf., and assigned to Co. K. 2d Lieut. Charles A. Vanderson, com. Aug. 20, 1862 ; appointed 2d lieut., June 19, 1863; trans, to 183d Ohio Vol. Inf., June 22, 1865. 1st Sergt. John Lindsey, enl. Aug. 18, 1862 ; appointed 1st sergt., April 10, 1864. 2d Sergt. Joseph Chamberlain, enl. Aug. 9, 1862; appointed sergt., Dec. 18,1862. 3d Sergt. Samuel Losey, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; appointed sergt., June 1, 1863. 4th Sergt. George Kurtz, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; appointed corp., Aug. 26, 1862 ; pro. March 1, 1865. Corp. Frank Cox, enl. Aug. 15, 1862; private at enlistment; pro. to corp., Jan. 28, 1863. Corp. David Noble, enl. Aug. 15,1862; appointed Corp., Jan. 28,1863. Corp. Henry Fox, enl. Aug. 18, 1862; in hospital at Nashville, Tenn,, Dec, 1, 1864 ; appointed Corp., March, 1863. Jeremiah Ammerman, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Charles Adam, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Simeon Arthur, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. John C. Bennett, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Vincent Bressarlo, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; sick in hospital at NaBhville, Tenn., April 1, 1865. Alexander Burges, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Stephen P. Blizzard, enl. July 15, 1862. William H. Child, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. William L. Coler, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Charles L. Goodwin, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. James Johnson, enl. Aug. 2, 1862. Joshua Julian, enl. Aug. 22, 1862; absent, sick, at Camp Dennison March 1, 1865. Albert Kirgan, enl. Aug. 22, 1862 ; absent, sick, in hospital at Cincinnati, Ohio. Alexander McCrady, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; absent on detached service aa safe guard, at Franklin, Tenn. Richard Marsh, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. James Prickett, enl. Aug. 23, 1862; absent, sick, in hospital at Newborn, N. C, May 5, 1865. Samuel Reddish, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; absent, sick, in hospital at Cincinnati, Ohio, February, 1865. John B. Shar, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Peter Steffcn, enl. July 27, 1862. Simon W. Smith, enl. Aug. 2, 1862. James H. Vanzant, enl. Aug. 10, 1862 ; in hospital, November and December, 1864. Garret Vanzant, enl. Aug. 10, 1862. George W. Williams, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. DiscJiarged. Corp. Erastus Winters, enl. Aug. 22, 1862; disch. May 20, 1865, at Columbus, Ohio. Christian Berman, enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; disch. Nov. 9, 1862, at Lebanon, Ky. William A. Baker, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; disch. Dec. 9, 1862, at Columbia, Ky. AVilliam Bates, enl. Aug. 10, 1862 ; disch. on writ of habeas corpus. Charles B. Crane, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; disch. September, 1862, by reason of disability. James Lucy, enl. Aug. 11,1862; disch. at Camp Dennison, Ohio, on writ of habeas corpus, August, 1862. David Morris, enl. Aug. 9,1862; disch. Aug. 9,1862. Transferred. Sergt. Isa M. AVeston, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; pro. to sergt.-maj., 50th Regt. Ohio Vol. Inf., and trans, to non-commissioned staff, Feb. 1, 1865. Peter F. Pechney, enl. Aug. 20, 1862; pro. to sergt.-maj., 60th Regt. Ohio Vol. Inf., and trans, to non-commissioned staff, June 15, 1864. Carlton Paris, enl. Aug. 15,1862; pro to q.m.-sergt., 50th Regt. Ohio Vol. Inf. and transferred to non-commissioned staff, April 10, 1864. David H. Cowen, enl. Aug. 22, 1862; pro. to hospital steward, 50th Regt. Ohio Vol. Inf., and trans, to non-commissioned staff. Died. Thomas Shyrene, enl. Aug. 5, 1862; killed at Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. John P. Baynolds, enl. Aug. 1, 1862 ; killed at battle of Franklin, Tenn., March 30, 1864. Peter Alberts, enl. Aug. 1, 1862 ; died Dec. 5, 1864, of wounds received at battle of Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864. John Hahen, enl. Aug. 22, 1862 ; died at Colerain, Ohio, September, 1862. Christopher Hamel, enl. Aug. 4, 1862 ; died at Lebanon, Ky., June, 1863. Henry Hibrook, enl. Aug. 7, 1802 ; died at Wheeler's Gap, Tenn., January, 1864. John Oi-ton, enl. Aug. 5, 1802; died ut Louisville, Ky., September, 1863. Jacob Beulsch, enl. July 24, 1862. Edward Brown, enl. July 23, 1862. FIFTY-SIXTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY D. Joseph I. Avey, enl. Sept. 22, 1864 ; disch. July 3, 1865. John M. Avey, enl. Sept. 1, 1864; disch. July 3, 1865. Benjamin T. Cook, enl. Sept. 28,1864; disch. June 10,1865. James Hilderbrand, enl. Sept. 30, 1864; disch. July 3, 1865. Charles Jones, enl. Sept. 20, 1864 ; disch. July 3, Is 66. Isaac N. Long, enl. Sept. 24, 1864; disch July 3, 1865. John Lukemires, enl. Oct. 7, 1864; disch. Oct. 6, 1865, on expiration of term of service. Melancthon Leming, enl. Oct. 1, 1864 ; disch. July 3, 1865. Britton Leming, enl. Sept. 26, 1864; disch. July 3, 1865. John McCormick, enl. Oct. 1, 1864; disch. July 5, 1865. Wilbur C. Moyer, enl. Oct. 19, 1864; disch. April 1, 1865. Oswell Sutton, enl. Sept. 27, 1864; disch. July 3, 1865. Albert Simpkins, enl. Oct. 7, 1864; disch. Oct. 6, 1865, on expiration of term of service. Benjamin T. Wyatt, enl. Sept. 22, 1864; disch. July 3, 1865. Henry Whittaker, enl. Sept. 28, 1864; disch. Aug. 9, 1865. Died. Louis P. Kautz, enl. Sept. 24, 1864 ; died April 21, 1865, at St. Louis, Mo. James C. Price, enl. Sept. 30, 1864 ; died April 21, 1865, at St. Louis, Mo. FIFTY-NINTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Camp Ammen, at Rip ley, Oct. 1, 1861, and the same day moved to Maysville, Ky. After quieting a disturbance there, it went to Camp Kenton, near Maysville. On the 23d of October it en gaged in a campaign in Eastern Kentucky, under Gen. Nelson, but soon moved to Louisville, where it joined the forces of Gen. Buell, who was at that time organizing the Army of the Ohio. It went into winter quarters at Co lumbia, Ky., and remained there until Feb. 13, 1862. Thence the movement was southward to Nashville, leaving that place with Buell's forces for Pittsburg Landing. Sa vannah was reached April 6th, and the following day the regiment was engaged in battle the entire day, a number of men from Clermont losing their lives. It was also at Cor inth, and marched to Stevenson, Ala. From that point it watched the movements of Bragg, and on the 20th of August began its rapid march northward to checkmate him, reaching Louisville, Ky., Sept. 25th. Then came a retrograde movement to Bowling Green, where tho army 214 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. was reorganized, and later the movement south continued to Nashville and Murfreesboro', reaching the latter point in December, 1862, and participating in some of the en gagements there, a number of men losing their lives. About this time William F. Brown, of Company B, while doing duty in the skirmish-line, discovered a number of rebels secreted in a fissure of a rock along the turnpike, and succeeded in capturing singly a lieutenant and twenty- seven men. For this brave act a medal was recommended. Then came the battle of Stone River and the Tullahoma campaign, and on eastward to Chattanooga and Chicka mauga, the latter battle being opened by the Fifty-ninth. In the hotly-contested battle which here occurred the regi ment lost heavily, and at Mission Ridge a number were wounded. After this the regiment was ordered to Knox- ville, spending the winter -at Strawberry Plains, enduring terrible hardships from want of clothing and rations. In April, 1864, began the movement southward which culmi nated in the Atlanta campaign, and the regiment was en gaged at Rocky-Face, Resaca, Adairsville, Cassville, Dallas, Kenesaw, Peach-Tree Creek, Atlanta, and Jonesboro'. At Dallas Lieut.-Col. Frambes and Adjt. M. J. W. Holter and nine men were captured, and as prisoners endured much suffering. On the 31st of October, 1864, the regi ment was mustered out at Nashville, thence taken to Louis ville, where it was paid, being finally discharged at Cincin nati. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. Lieut.-Col. Farron Olmsted, com. Sept. 26, 1861; res. Aug. 11, 1862. Lieut.-Col. William Howard, com. Aug. 11, 1862; major from enrollment, Aug. 11, 1862 ; pro. to lieut.-col., Sept. 10, 1862 ; res. Feb. 24, 186 1. Lieut.-Col. Granville A. Frambes, March 17, 1863 ; capt. from enrollment, Aug. 11, 1862 ; pro. to maj. ; pro. to lieut.-col., March 17, 1803. Maj. Robert J. Vanosdol, com. March 17, 1863; capt. from enrollment, March 17, 1863; pro. to maj.; res. March 8, 1864. Adjt. Marcellus J. W. Holter, com. Sept. 27, 1861 ; 1st lieut. from enrollment in Co. F, Feb. 10, 1863 ; appointed adjt., vice King, promoted. Regt. Q.-M. Orlando J. Hopkins, com. Sept. 26, 1861; q.-m. from enrollment, Jan. 8, 1862; traus. to Co. E as 1st lieut. by consent. Regt. Q.-M. Lowell H. Smith, com. Jan. 8, 1862; 1st liout. Co. E from enroll ment, Jan. 8, 1862; then appointed regt. q.-ra. Regt. Q.-M. Edward S. Sinks, com. Nov. 5, 1862 ; 2d lieut. Co. F from enrollment, Nov. 5, 1862; pro. to 1st lieut., and appointed regt. q.-m. Regt. Q.-M. Edwin PerkiiiB, com. March 17, 1863; private from enrollment, Oct. 23, 1861 ; then Corp. Nov. 20, 1861 ; appointed sergt. March 1, 1862 ; ap pointed q.m.-sergt. Jan. 1, 1863 ; appointed com.-sergt. March 16, 1863 ; to regt. q.m. Nov. 21, 1863 ; pro. to 1st lieut. Surg. Abraham C. McChesney, com. Oct. 24, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 1, 1864. Asst. Surg. Charles T. AVilbur, enl. Nov. 7, 1861; res. June 22, 1862. Asst. Surg. Frederick Swingley, com. June 22, 1862 ; res. Nov. 26, 1862. AsBt. Surg. Sidney C. Gordan, com. Aug. 25, 1862 ; must, out Nov. 1, 1864. Asst. Surg. Nathaniel J. Barber, com. Jan. 31, 1863 ; must, out Nov. 1, 1864. Chaplain James Sargent, com Oct 15, 1861 ; res. July 17, 1862. Chaplain John Chaffln, com. March 1, 1863 ; res. Nov. 13, 1863. Sergt.-Maj. Thomas Q. Blair, com. May 28, 1863 ; private from enrollment in Co. K, May 28, 1863 ; appointed sergt.-maj., and trans, to N. 0. S. ; prisoner of war in Georgia Sept. 22, 1863. Com.-Sergt. Sylvester A. Frambes, com. May 1, 1863 ; private from enrollment in Co. B, Aug. 1, 1863 ; appointed com.-sergt., and trans, to N. C. S. Q.M.-Sergt. George M. Sinks, com. Jan. 1, 1863 ; private from enrollment in Co. H, Jan. 15, 1862 ; appointed corp. to June 1, 1863 ; then to q.m.-sergt., and trans, to N. C. S. Hosp. Steward John P. Robinson, enl Nov. 12, 1862 ; corp. from enrollment in Co. F, Nov. 12, 1862 ; appointed bosp. steward ; trans, to N. C. S. Principal Musician AVilliam H. Reynolds, enl. May 1, 1863; musician from en rollment in Co. E, May 1, 1863; appointed principal musician, and trans to N. C. S. Principal Musician Mathew B. Temple, enl. May 1,1863; musician from en rollment in Co. G, May 1, 1863; appoiuted principal musician, and trans to N. C. S. Discharged. Scrgt.-Maj. Michael Sells, com. Nov. 1,1861; disch. for promotion, March 4 Sergt.-Maj. Tobias B. Lakin, com. March 1,1863; corp. from enrollment in Co B; then sergt. to Nov. 6, 1863; then appointed sergt.-maj., and trans to non-com. staff; disch. for promotion, May 29, 1863. Com.-Sergt. Edwin Perkins, com. Jan. 1, 1863 ; private from enrollment, Oct. 23 1861 ; then corp. to Nov. 25, 1 861 ; then sergt. to March 1, 1862 ; then ci.m ' sergt., and trans, to N. C. S. from Co. F ; then com.-sergt., Jan. 1 1863 . disch. for promotion, March 1, 1863. Q.M.-Sergt. Frank White, com. Oct. 1, 1861; private in Co. F from enrollment Oct. 1, 1861 ; then appointed q.m.-sergt., and traus. to N. C. S. ; disch. for promotion as 1st lieut., March 1, 1863. Transferred. Drum-Major Josiah A. Tice, enl. Oct. 25, 1861; trans, to Co. H, Aug. 1, 1862. Hosp. Steward Marquis D. Goff, enl. Nov. 23, 1861 ; sergt. from enrollment in Co. F, Nov. 23, 1801 ; appointed hosp. steward, and trans, to N. C. S. Nov. 12, 1864 ; trans, to Co. F, Nov. 11, 1862. Prisoners of War. Sergt.-Maj. Thomas Q. Blair, com. May 28, 1863; private from enrollment ia Co. K, May 28, 1863 ; appointed sergt.-major, and trans, to N. C. S. ; pris. of war in Georgia Sept. 22, 1863. Died. Com.-Sergt. Leonard G. White, com. Sept. 16, 1861 ; died May 1, 1862, of con sumption, at Georgetown, Ohio. Regimental Band. Alfred Squires (lieut.), leader, enl. Oct. 2, 1861; must, out March 20,1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Walter S. Hinkle, enl. Oct. 2, 1-861 ; must, out March 20, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Marcellus Hulick, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; must, out March 20, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. John Latch, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; must, out March 20, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Charles Hughes, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; must, out March 20, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Joseph N. Robbins, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; muBt. out March 20, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Benjamin Dougherty, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; must, out March 20, 1862, at Nashville Tenn. Elisha B. Eppert, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; must, out March 20, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. William Gatch, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; must, out March 20, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Arthur E. Miley, enl. Oct. 2, 1861; must, out March 20, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Benjamin F. Moore, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; must, out March 20, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Joseph Antrum, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; must, out March 20, 1802, at Nashville, Tenn. COMPANY A. Capt. Robert McKinley, com. Sept. 12, 1861 ; res. May 26, 1862. Capt. John L. AVatson, com. Feb. 10, 1863 ; 2d lieut. to April, 1862; pro. to 1st lieut. ; pro. to capt. 1st Lieut. Henry F. Leggett, com. Sept. 26, 1861 ; res. April 1, 1862. 1st Lieut. Michael Lynch, com. Dec. 12, 1862 ; trans, from Co. F. 1st Lieut. William Bartlow, com. March 17, 1863; 1st sergt. from enl. 1st Lieut. Michael Sills, com. March 28, 1864 ; must, as a private, Company 0.' 1st Sergt. John J. AVashburton, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; pro. Dec. 31, 1862. Sergt. Thomas Clark, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Sergt. Alonzo Can-, onl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; pro. from Corp., July 18, 1862. Sergt. Henry Dillman, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; pro. from Corp., July 18, 1862. Corp. Thomas Hayden, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Corp. Clinton M. Vermillion, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; pro. Deo. 20, 1862. Corp. William Beeker, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; wounded at Stone River. Corp. John Clark, enl. Sept. 12, 1861; pro. Dec. 20, 1862. Musician John Reese, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Musician Joseph Reynolds, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Wagoner Garrett Smith, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Godfrey Birch, eul. Sept. 12, 1861. James A. Benjamin, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Shem Botts, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Zeno Botts, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Greensbuiy Carr, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Thomas Campbell, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; wounded at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Robert Campbell, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Alexander Cose, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; missing at Jonesboro', Ga., Sept. 6, 1861. Francis A. Drake, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Martiu J. Drake, enl. Sept. 14, 1863 ; missed May 27, 1864, at New Hope, Go. James English, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. William Hall, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Hiram Hall, onl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; wounded at New Hope, Ga. Samuel Hall, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Henry Howe, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; wounded at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. John Hurdle, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. J. K. Hicks, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. John Hasler, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. James R. Judd, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; prisoner, Sept. 19, 1863. Thomas F. Jones, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Edgar Light, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. MILITARY HISTORY. 215 Nalty Lanham, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; in hospital at Louisville, Ky. William McCalla, enl. Sept. 12, 1861; in hospital at Knoxville, Tenn. Perry Miller, enl. Sept. 12, 1861; corp. to Dec. 24, 1862. William Morris, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Benjamin Prather, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Isaac Pettit, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Thomas Purdy, eul. Sept. 12, 1861 ; corp. to Jan. 28, 1862 ; wounded at Stone River. Henry Reynolds, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; wounded at Stone River, Deo. 31, 1862. Robert L. Richards, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; Corp. to April 11, 1803 ; then sergt. Jacob Ross, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Sept., 1863. JoBopb Starke, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Solomon Starks, enl. Sept. 12, 1802. Benjamin A. Smith, enl. Sept. 12, 1801 ; Corp. to June 20, 1862. Harrison Slye, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Leonidas TuBton, enl. Sept. 12,1861. Lewis Townsley, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Eugene Van Briggle, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; wounded at Chiekamauga. Lafayette Van Briggle, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; sergt. to Dec. 31, 1862. William Vickroy, enl. Sept. 12,1861 ; wounded at Now Hope, May 27, 1804. Lafayette AVatkins, enl. Sept. 12, 1861; taken prisoner at New Hope, May 27, 1864. Moses P. AVatson, enl. S,ept. 12, 1861. Discharged. Corp. John Pangburn, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 26, 1862, at Columbia, Ky. Corp. Samuel Chapman, enl. Sept. 12, 1861; disch. Aug. 12, 1864, at Camp Den nison. Corp. Jackson Clark, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; corp. from Jan. 28, 1862; disch. Sept. 5, 1862. William Benjamin, enl. Oct. 12, 1861 ; disch. June 17, 1864, at Columbia. Godfrey Chamberlain, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. June 17, 1864, at Columbia. David Campbell, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. July 8, 1862, at Cincinnati. George Cornell, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 : disch. May 26, 1863, at Murfreesboro', Tenn. David Cornell, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. June 16, 1863, at Murfreesboro', Tenn. Silas English, enl Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 18, 1863, at Columbia. John English, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 8, 1863, at Columbia. Alfred Ewing, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. June 16, 1862, at St. Louis. John N. Frazier. enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. April 17, 1862, at Camp Shiloh. George Jarmon, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. July 2, 1803, at Columbia, Ky. Samuel Judd, enl. Sept. 12, 1861; disch. July 9,1863, at Columbia, Ky. Franklin Lanham, enl. Sept. 12, 1861; disch. Feb. 28, 1863, at Gallatin, Tenn. John M. Miller, enl. Sept. 12, 1801 ; disch. Feb. 26, 1862, at Columbia, Ky. William McLefresh, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 16, 1863, at Nashville. Hiram Ross, enl. Sept, 12, 1801 ; disch. April 17, 1862, at Camp Shiloh. William E. Sargent, enl. Sept. 12, 1861; disch. April 17, 1862, at Camp Shiloh. Asa Starke, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. April 14, 1863, at Murfreesboro'. Andrew J. West, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 20, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn. Benjamin F. West, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. April 4, 1863, at Louisville, Ky. Transferred. John Campbell, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, to Invalid Corps in 1863. Warren Carr, enl. Sept. 20, 1862 ; trans, to Invalid Corps in 1863. Corp. Samuel Conley, enl. Feb. 1, 1862; trons. to Co. I, B9tb 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. James A. Conrey, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th O. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Benjamin Dougherty, enl. Sept. 1, 1862; trans, to Brigade Band, Jan. 1, 1863. AVilliam B. Johnson, enl. Jan. 27, 1863; trans, to Co. I, 59th O. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Peter R. Norris, enl. Jan. 4, 1864; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Francis M. Reed, enl. Sept. 12. 1861 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th O. V. I., Oct. 24, 1804. Isaac AVilliams, enl. Sept. 23, 1862; trans, to Co. K, 59th O. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Prisoners of War. Alexander Case, enl. Sept. 12, 1861; missing Sept. 6, 1864. Martin J. Drake, enl. Dec. 14, 1863 ; missing May 27, 1864. James R. Judd, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Thomas F. Jones, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Jacob Ross, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Lafayette Watkins, enl. Sept. 12, 1861; taken prisoner at New Hope Church, Ga., May 27, 1864. Died. AVilliam Carr, enl. Sept. 12, 1861; died at Asylum Hospital, Knoxville, Tenn., June 19,1804. Sylvester W. Edwards, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; died at Rural, Ohio, Oct. 11, 1862. Sergt. AVilliam P. English, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; died at Stone Kiver, Dec. 31, 1862. Edward A. Frazier, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; died at Bowling Green, Ky., March 17, 1862. William Hutchison, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; died in hospital at Nashville, Teun., Jan. 26, 1863. James Huward, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; died at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Henry Johnson, enl. Sept. 12, 1801 ; died at Stone River, April 25, 1863. Hugh Kennedy, enl. Sept. 12, 1801 ; died at Glasgow, Ky., April 14, 1862. Alfred Lyon, enl. Oct. 24, 1861 ; died at Atlanta, Aug. 1, 1864. Corp. William C. Owen, enl. SVpt. 12, 1861; died at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. Benjamin F. Slye, eul. Sept. 12, 1861 ; died in hospital at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 17,1863. Sergt. Edgar Van Briggle, enl Sept. 12, 1861 ; died at Louisville, Ky , Dec. 14, 1861. COMPANY B. Capt. Granville A. Frambes, com. Sept. 7, 1H01 ; capt. from enlistment to Aug. 11, 1862; pro. to major, and trans, to hold and staff. Capt. Nelson Stevens, com. March 17, 1863 ; 1st sergt. at enlistment ; pro. to capt., March 17, 1863. 1st Lieut. Andrew B. McKee, com. Sept. 7, 1861 ; honorably discharged ; wounded May 29, 1862, near Corinth, Miss. 1st Lieut. Leonidas S. Molen, com. March 18, 1863 ; sergt. at enlistment; pro. March 17, 1863. 2d Lieut. AVilliam Hamilton, com. Sept. 7, 1861 ; resigned March 14, 1862. 2d Lieut. Tobias B. Lakin, com. May 29, 1863 ; Corp. at enlistment, May 29, 1863 ; promoted. 1st Sergt. AVilliam M. Saint, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; private at enlistment ; March 7, 1863, promoted ; wounded, Sept. 20, 1863, at battle of Chickamauga. 2d Sergt. Francis M. Oxley, eul. Sept. 10, 1861 ; corp. at enlistment; March 14, 1862, promoted. 3d Sergt. Joseph Day, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; corp. at enlistment; Nov. 14, 1862, promoted. 4th Sergt. Francis M. Ilendt-ixon, enl. Sept. 15, 1861; private at enlistment; March 7, 1863, promoted ; wounded, April 7, 1862, at battle of Shiloh. 5th Sergt. Adolphus Moyer, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; private from enlistment; July 1, 1864, promoted. 1st Corp. Henry Graham, enl. Sept. 25, 1861 ; private at enlistment; Jan. 17, 1863, promoted ; wounded nearLovejoy Station, Ga., Sept. 2, 1864. 2d Corp. Andrew J. Laugh, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; private at enliBtment ; Jan. 4, 1803, promoted. 3d Corp. James H. Hamilton, enl. Sept. 26, 1861 ; private at enlistment; pro moted Oct. 16, 1863. 4th Corp. Isaac A. Frazier, enl. Sept. 7, 1861; private at enlistment; Julyl, 1864, promoted. Wagoner James P. Bronson, enl. Sept. 21,1861; private at enlistment; April 20, 1863, promoted. Allen W. Abbott, enl. Sept. 22, 1861. Lorenzo D. Abbott, enl. Sept. 7, 1861 ; corp. at enlistment ; reduced in rank by his request. Andrew J. Abbott, enl. Sept. 22, 1861. Richard Applegate, enl. Sept. 27, 1801. James C. Baird, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Thomas A. Berry, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. George AV. Beckelhimcr, enl. Sept. 7, 1861. James Beckelhimer, enl. Sept. 7, 1861. Denton Botts, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. William F. Brown, enl. Sept. 7, 1801 ; wounded at Rocky-Face Ridge, May 9, 1864. Nicholas Barns, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Francis H. Cushard. enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Benjamin F. Clark, enl. Sept. 10, 1801. James A. Crawford, enl. Sept. 7, 1861. Dossin Cummins, enl. Oct. 12, 18G1. Marcellus Constant, enl. Sept. 7, 1861. Henry Demeras, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Alonzo Ford, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Leonidas Fisher, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Joseph Gelajn, enl. Sept. 1, 1861 ; wounded at battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862. David Glazier, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Daniel Heninger, enl. Sept, 15, 1861 ; sent to hospital, Louisville, Ky., Dec. 5, 1801. Nathan H. Hastings, enl. Oct. 1, 1861. Samuel Huffman, enl. Oct. 12, 1861. Elisha A. Jennings, enl. Sept. 7, 1861. Daniel Judd, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Henry M. Laugh, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Alexander Laugh, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Henry J. Lnfield, enl. Sept. 19, 1861; taken prisoner at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Benjamin F. McKibben, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. James A. McCoy, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Thomas Mockley, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Aaron Moore, enl. Oct. 1, 1861 ; wuunded at battle of Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863; wounded at Rocky-Face Ridge, May 9, 1864. George AV. Oxley, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. AVilliam Planck, enl. Sept. 7, 1861. William Redman, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Meshech Redman, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. George C. Sipe, enl. Oct. 5, 1861 ; wounded at Lovejoy Station, Ga., Sept. 2, 1864. James H. Sipe, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. George W. Simons, enl. Sept. 10, 1801. Josephus Vickroy, eul. Sept. 10, 1861 ; wounded at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. AVilliam H. Wilson, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; taken prisoner at battle of Stone River, Jan. 2, 1863 ; exchanged and returned to duty, June 7, 1863. Lafayette Young, enl. Sept. 7, 1S61 ; taken prisoner at battle of Stone River, Jan. 2, 1803; exchanged aud returned to duty, June 12, 1863. 216 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Discharged. George W. Badgely, enl Sept. 18, 1861 ; disch. at Cincinnati, 0.,Dec. 30, 1862. John Barns, enl. Sept. 21, 1861 ; disch. at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 4, 1862. William Culter, enl. Sept. 21, 1861 ; disch. at Louisville, Ky., Jan. 3, 1863. AVilliam A. Dainly, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; disch. at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 30,1862. Corp. Sylvester J. Frazier, enl. Sept. 7, 1861 ; disch. at Columbia, Ky., April 5, 1862. John Flanegan, enl. Oct. 1, 1861 ; disch. on battle-field of Shiloh, April 30, 1862, on certificate of disability. Corp. Price T. Fee, enl. Sept. 19, 1861; disch. at Cincinnati, 0., Jan. 7, 1863; wounded at battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Sergt. Peter W. Fisher, enl. Sept. 23, 1861 ; private from enlistment; pi-o.March 14, 1862; disch. at Camp Dennison, 0., May 13, 1864; wounded at Chick amauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Thomas Ford, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; disch. at MurfreeBboro', Feb. 4, 1863. Sergt. William Gwynn, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; disch. at Gallatin, Tenn., Jan. 6, 1863. Hanson L. Gwynn, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; disch. at Columbus, O., Feb. 28, 1863. George W. Hendrixon, enl. Sept. 15, 1861; disch. at Evansville, Ind., Nov. 30, 1803. John W. Hines, enl. Jan. 2, 18C4; disch. for promotion to 1st lieut. and adjt. of 4th Tennessee V. I. Hugh Jones, enl. Oct. 1, 1861 ; disch. at Louisville, Ky., June 14, 1862. Joseph AV. King, enl. Sept. 29, 1861 ; disch. at Nashville, Tenn., June 20, 1862. Flavius J. Miller, enl. Oct. 8, 1861 ; disch. near Corinth, Miss., May 26, 1862. Richard C. Massy, enl. Oct. 1, 1861 ; disch. at Gallatin, Tenn., March 1, 1863. Joseph AA. McFarland, enl. Sept. 10, 1861; disch. at Gallatin, Tenn., May 13, 1863. George McKibben, enl. Sept. 19, 1861; disch. at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 2, 1863. Alexander Plumer, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; disch. at Columbia, Ky., Feb. 21, 1863. Milton Philops, enl. Sept. 10, 1861; disch. at Nashville, Tenn., March 20, 1863. David Sipe, enl. Oct. 5, 1861 ; disch. at Lebanon, Ky., Feb. 10, 1862. Aaron Stratton, enl. Oct. 5, 1861 ; disch. at Murfreesboro', Feb. 28, 1863. Benjamin Smith, enl. Sept. 10, 1861; disch. at Lebanon, Ky., Feb. 10, 1862. Sergt. Thomas D. Utter, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; disch. June 18, 1862. Thomas A. AVhite, enl. Oct. 5, 1861; disch. at Cincinnati, O., Jan. 2, 1862. 1st Sergt. Nel6on Stevens, enl. Sept. 7, 1861 ; disch. for promotion, March 14, 1862. 2d Sergt. Leonidas T. Mollen, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; disob. for promotion to 2d lieut., March 1, 1863. Sergt. Tobias B. Lakin, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; disch. for promotion. Michael Beckelhimer, enl. Aug. 29, 1862; trans to Co. K, 59th O. V. I. Jesse 0. Dary, enl. Oct. 12, 1863 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I. Corp. John H.Fee, enl. Sept. 16, 1861; private at enlistment; tranB. to Invalid Corps, Jan. 15, 1864. Sylvester A. Frambes, enl. Oct. 1, 1861 ; private at enlistment ; trans, and pro. to com.-sergt. of regiment, March 7, 1863. . Lewis Hemings, enl. Sept. 10, 1861; trans, to Invalid Corps, Nov. 15, 1863. James AVardlow, enl. Oct. 1, 1861; trans, to Co. I, 59th O. V. I. Henry J. Layfield, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; taken prisoner at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863 ; supposed to be dead. Nathaniel G. Bunton, enl. Oct. 9, 1861 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., July 24, 1863. Died. Augustus F. Day, enl. Sept. 23, 1861; died March 13, 1862, at Bowling Green, Ky., of typhoid fever. Augustus W. Holter, enl. Jan. 4, 1864; died at Nashville, Tenn., of chronic diarrhoea, July 15, 1864. Thompson Lanham, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; died Nov. 30, 1862, at Mount Olive, Ohio. Hezekiah R. Laycock, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; died at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Melancthon Mayes, enl. Sept. 19, 1861; died at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 17,1864, of chronic diarrhoea. John M. Stairs, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 ; killed in action near Atlanta, Ga., July 20 1864. ' Eli H. McEntyre, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. William H. Smith, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. James White, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. COMPANY C. William Blackburn, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A, Oct. 31, 1861. Nathan Chapman, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A, Oct. 31, 1861. John Hicks, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A, Oct. 31 1861. Marcellus H. Hart, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A, Oct. 31, 1861. Andrew Robbins, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A, Oct. 31 1861. COMPANY E. Capt. Robert J. Vanosdol, capt. to March 17, 1863 ; pro. to maj., March 17 '63. Capt. Lowell H. Smith, detached as brig, com., Jan. 1, 1862 ; pro as capt Co E March 24, 1864. ' 1st Lieut. Russel F. Smith, pro. to 2d lieut., Feb. 10, 1863 ; to 1st lieut March 24, 1804. '" 2d Lieut. AVilliam Johnston, wounded at Shiloh, April 7, 1862 ; res. July 25 '62 1st Sergt. George W. Ferree, pro. to 1st sergt., Feb. 10, 1863. 1st Sergt. Robert S. McNutt, sergt. from date of enrollment. 1st Sergt. Burris W. Harden, sergt. from date of enrollment. Stephen Robinson, sergt. from date of enrollment. Robert Ely, corp. from date of enl. to Feb. 10, 1863 ; then sergt. and color-bearer till must. out. Corp. William Clark, from date of enrollment. Corp. Ezra Cutterton, from date of enrollment. Corp. James H. Slade, priv. to Jan. 1, 1863 ; then corp. to date of muster out Corp. Francis M. Cramer, detached by order of Gen. Rosecrans; assigned to corps of topographical engineers. Corp. Harvey W. Reed, priv. to Jan. 1, 1863 ; then corp. till must. out. Corp. John Meek, from date of enrollment. Corp. Shadrach M. Ferree, priv. to Sept. 1, 1863 ; then corp. till must. out. Wagoner John Apgar, priv. to Sept. 1, 1863 ; then wagoner till date of must. out. Charles Bielfield, taken pris. at battle of Stone River, Jan. 2, 1863; returned to company June 8, 1863. Thomas Beebe. Delos Carter. Mathias Coleman. Absalom D. Day. Joseph C. Deel. George W. Daugherty, Corp. to Jan. 1, 1863; then private to date of must. out. Philip Fields. John H. P. Hill, iu every battle, scout, or skirmish with the company. L. G. Hughes. Montraville Ireton. Nathan Her. John Isham. LeonidaB Lukemires, in every battle, scout, or skirmish with the company. Milton Lukemires. Martin V. B. McColIum, in hospital at Camp Dennison from Jan. 29, 1864, till disch. by circular No. 36, series C. John W. Robinson. John W. Rust. Allen Sweet, taken pris. at New Hope Church, Ga., May 27, 1864 ; reported dead. Joseph Shaller, taken pris. at New Hope Church, Ga., May 27, 1864; reported dead. John Shaller. James South. Reuben Steelman. Evan Thomas, corp. to Jan. 1, 1863 ; then private to date of must. out. William Wood, taken prisoner in action at Chickamauga Bridge, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1863; reported dead. Jarius H. Washburn. Discharged. Sergt. Russel F. Smith, disch. at Murfreesboro', Tenn., Feb. 10, 1863, for pro. to 2d lieut., by order of Gen. Rosecrans. George Apgar, disch. at Cincinnati, Ohio, Nov. 12, 1862, for disability, by order of Lieut.-Col. S. Bui-bank. JaineB Beasley, disch. at St. Louis, Mo., June 28, 1862, for disability, by orderof Col. Louis Merril. John W. Carter, disch. at Louisville, Ky., Oct. 1, 1863, for disability, by orderof medical director. Samuel Colvin, disch. at Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 18, 1862, for disability, by order of Col. J. F. Miller. Henry Haskel, disch. at Columbia, Ky., Jan. 25, 1862, for disability, by orderof Gen. Buell. William D. Johnston, disch. at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 12,1862, for disability.by order of Gen. Robert Mitchell. Alfred Layman, disch. at Camp Battle Creek, Aug. 8, 1862, for disability, by order of Gen. D. Buell. John E. Marsh, disch. at Cincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 16, 1862, for disability, by order of Lieut.-Col. S. Burbank. Samuel AV. Marsh, diBch. at Cincinnati, Ohio, Jan. 23, 1863, for disability, by order of Lieut.-Col. S. Burbank. William B. Maxfield, disch. at Columbus, Ohio, Dec. 4, 1862, for disability, by order of Capt. A. B. Dodd. George AV. Moore, disch. at Columbus, Ohio, Jan. 6, 1863, for disability, by order of Capt. A. B. Dodd. Holly ltaper, disch. at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 2, 1863, for disability, by order of Gen. Rosecrans. David V. Roes, disch. at Cincinnati, Ohio, July 17, 1862, for disability. Hiram Sweet, disch. at Chattanooga, Tenn., Dec. 8, 1863, by order of Gen. Thomas. Nicholas Smith, disch. at "Field of Shiloh," Tenn., April 10, 1802, by order of Gen. Buel. Mathias Waite, disch. at St. Louis, Mo., July 6, 1862, for disability, by order of Gen. E. Carr. Elias B. Wayne. Transferred. Musician Will H. Reynolds, trans, to regimental field and staff as drum-maj., Aug. 31, 1863, by order of Lieut.-Col. Frambes. Corp. Israel F. Test, trans, to Invalid Corps, Nov. 20, 1863, by general order No. 370, from War Department. George Kell, trans, to Invalid Corps, Nov. 20, 1863, by general order No. 370, from War Department. MILITARY HISTORY. 217 Thomas M. Carter, trans, to Co. K, 59th Regt. Ohio Vol. Inf., Oct. 24, 1864, by special orderof Lieut.-Col. Frambes, acting under order No. 35, Gen. Willson. Orestus Chatterton, trans, to Co. K, 59th Regt., Ohio Vol. Inf., Oct. 24, 1864, by special order of Lieut.-Col. Frambes, acting under order No. 35, Gen. AVillson. Erastus Dumford, trans, to Co. K, 50th Regt. Ohio Vol. Inf., Oct. 24, 1864, by special order of Lieut.-Col. Frambes, acting under order No. 35, Gen. Willson. Martin Maham, trans, to Co.K, 59th Regt. Ohio Vol. Inf., Oct. 24, 1864, by spocial order of Lieut. -Col. Frambes, acting under order No. 35, Gen. Willson. Alfred Storer, trans, to Co. K, 59th Regt. Ohio Vol. Inf., Oct. 24, 1864, by special order of Lieut.-Col. Frambes, acting under order No. 35, Gen. Willson. Marcus B. South, trans, to brigade band, 3d Brigade, 3d Division, 4th Army Corps, by special order of Gen. Beatty. Johu Q. A. Knott, trans, to Invalid Corps. Prisoners of War. Allen Sweet, taken prisoner at battle of New Hope Church, Ga , May 27, 1864 ; reported dead. Joseph Shaller, taken prisoner at battle of New Hope Church, Ga., May 27, 1864 ; reported dead. William H. Wood, taken prisoner in action at Chickamauga Bridge, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1863 ; reported dead. Died. James A. Buchanan, killed at battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Pleasant Bailey, died at Stone River Ford, near Murfreesboro', Tenn., of pneu monia. John AV. Ferree, killed at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Jarius W. Moore, died at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 8, 1862, of typhoid fever. Elias Maham, died at Murfreesboro', Tenn., March 6, 1863, of typhoid fever. Fletcher Smith, died at Columbia, Ky., Feb. 7, 1862, of typhoid fever. Marcellus South, wounded at battle of Stone River, Jan. 2, 1863; died of wounds in field hospital, Murfreesboro', Tenn., Jan. 27, 1863. Carey A. Westerfield, died at hospital, South McMinnville, Tenn., April 21, 1864, of septic poison. COMPANY F. Capt. Thomas'M. Lewis. 1st Lieut. M. J. W. Holter. 2d Lieut. Edward S. Sinks. James C. Allison, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. James P. Bolton, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Obed Bishop, enl. Sept. 1.2, 1861. George W. Clark, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Thomas Dustin, enl. Sept. 12, W61. Jesse Ellis, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut. (no date found) from private ; killed in action at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. John H. Fairman, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. James A. Gage, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Marquis D. Goff, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Charles M. Grant, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Lewis J. Griffls, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Howard H. House, enl. Oct. 7, 1861. Josephus M. Holter, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. W. A. Holleman, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Francis K. Lansdale, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Albert Lane, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Thomas J. Lewis, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. George W. Lewis, eul. Sept. 10, 1861. Robert J. Lewis, enl. Oct. 7. 1861. William S. Lewis, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. John E. Livingood, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Moses Mathew, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Norman B. Moore, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 . William P. C. Moore, eul. Sept. 10, 1801. Edward C. Moore, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Davis Morris, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. George Morris, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Van Buren McGuire, enl. Oct. 13, 1861. Isaac W. McAdams, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Jacob Myers,-enl. Sept. 30, 1801. Ezra Pierce, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Edwin Perkins, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. William Perkins, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. John P. Robinson, eul. Sept. 10, 1861. William Raper, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Henderson C. Smith, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Collin C. Smith, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. John L. Smith, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. William R. Sinks, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. William C. Thompson, enl. Sept. 10, 1801. Benton Walker, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. George W. Walker, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Q. M.-Sergt. Frank White, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Andrew Wasner, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Aloydas Wayland, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. 28 COMPANY G. Capt. William A. Watkins, com. Oct. 2, 1861 ; res. July 7, 1862. Capt. Frederic R. Kautz, com. Oct. 9, 1862 ; must, out on special roll. 1st Lieut. Firman C. AVarren, com. Oct. 2, 1861 ; res. Jan. 21, 1863. 1st Lieut. Clifford II. Lindsey, com. Feb. 10, 1803; 2d lieut. from enlistment, Feb. 10, 1803 ; pro. to 1st lieut. 2d Lieut. Elisha Hawkins, com. March 17, 1863 ; sergt. from enlistment, Oct. 2, 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut. Sergt. Richard A. Cochran, enl. Oct. 2, 1861; 1st sergt. from enlistment. Sergt. James H. Bainum, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; prisoner of war Sept. 22, 1863. Sergt. Manoah McGuyre, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; corp. at enlistment ; pro. to sergt. May 1, 1862. Sergt. John W. Light, enl. Oct. 2, 1861; corp. at enlistment; pro. to sergt. Jan. 1,1864. Corp, Edwin II. Smith, onl. Oct. 2, 1861; private from enlistment to March 1, 1863; prisoner Sept. 22, 1863. Corp. Reason B. Dunn, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; private from enlistment to March 1, 1863 ; prisoner Sept. 22, 1863. Corp. George Newkirk, enl. Oct. 2, 1861; private from enlistment to Jan. 1, 1864; prisoner May 27, 1864; severely wounded (no place given). William Calvin, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; prisoner of war Sept. 22, 1863. John Calvin, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Albert Clem, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Francis N. Dansberry, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Marion Donley, enl. Oct. 2, 1861; prisoner of war May 27, 1804. William Elmore, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Raymond Gee, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Richard Hawkins, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Benjamin Kenedy, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. John Lillich, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. William McGuyre, onl. Oct. 2, 1861. Peter McCormack, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. William Mitchell, enl. Oct. 14, 1862 ; prisoner of war, Sept. 22, 1863. John R. Sarver, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Samuel Sarver, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. George Staub, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Jacob Staub, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. John R. Smith, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Mathias Sbei-tzinger, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Brozier Sutton, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Joseph Vanfossen, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Sylvester AVhite, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Discharged, Capt. William A. Watkins, com. Oct. 2, 1861 ; res. July 11, 1862. 1st Lieut. Firman 0. Warren, com. Oct. 2, 1861 ; res. Jan. 21, 1863. Sergt. Elisha Hawkins, enl. Oct. 2, 1861; dish, for promotion, March 16, 1863. Musician Joseph T. Gatch, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. July 19, 1862. David AV. Bainum, enl. Oct. 2, 1861; discharged at Nashville, Tenn. (no date). Alexander Colvin, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; discharged at Camp Dennison, Ohio, Sept. 13, 1863. Jasper Hooper, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. at Piketon, Ky., Nov. 21, 1861. Lewis Kettle, enl. Oct. 2, 1861; disch. at St. Louis, Mo., June 12, 1862. John W. Kellum, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; disch. at Murfreesboro', Tenn., June 8,1863. Jacob Light, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. at Columbus, Ohio, Sept. 17, 1872. Philip R. Lucas, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; disch. at Louisville, Ky., June 24, 1863. Thornton Lucas, enl. Nov. 8, 1862 ; disch. at Louisville, Ky., July 31, 1863. Stout Morris, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. at Tuscumbia, Ala., June 21, 1862. Thomas Mitchell, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; disch. at Camp Dennison, Ohio, June 26, 1863. William T. Nichols, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; disch. at Columbus, Sept. 24, 1862. Noah Potts, enl. Oct. 2, 1861; disch. at Battle Creek, Tenn., July 25, 1862. Darine Sbelton, onl. Nov. 10, 1862 ; disch. at Camp Dennison, Ohio, Feb. 18, 1863 . Truman J. Spafford, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; disch. at Camp Dennison, Ohio, Sept. 13, 1863. Transferred. Sergt. Aquilla Cochran, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, March 22, 1864. Sergt. Robert C. Drake, eul. Oct. 22, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 59th O. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Corp. James Cochran, enl. Oct. 10, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Corp. Gustavus Kautz, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Musician Mathew B. Temple, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; trans, to non-commissioned staff, May 1, 1863. Musician AVilliam Young, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; trans, to Invalid CorpB at Louis ville, Ky. Richard H. Askren, enl. Oct. 14, 1862 ; trans, to Co. 1, 59th O. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Frederick Arn, enl. Oct 21, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th O. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Gustavus A. Bonchin, enl. Oct. 22, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. James L. Cabral, enl. Nov. 8, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. John B. Cann, enl. Oct. 11, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1804. John M. Croswell, enl. Oct. 14, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th O. V. I., Oct. 24, 1804. James T. Campbell, enl. Oct. 14, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th O. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Franklin Crist, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. John Calvin, Sr., enl. June 19, 1863 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. 218 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Lorenzo D. Fowler, enl. Oct. 26, 1862; trans, to Invalid Corps, Nov. 28, 1863. Peter Forthoffer, enl. Oct. 14, 1802 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Francis Frye, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Solomon Halfhill, enl. Oct. 20, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. David Kautz, enl. Oct. 14, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Elijah Morris, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; trans, to Invalid Corps, Jan. 24, 1864. William A. Maxwell, enl. Oct. 22, 1862; trans, to Invalid Corps, Jan. 24, 1864. William Morris, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct, 24, 1864. Caleb Pierce, enl. Oct. 13, 1862: trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. JameB Quinn, enl. Oct. 13, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864 Jacob Roohm, enl. Oct. 22, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. John Scott, en,l. Oct. 11, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Darius Shinkle, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. William AV. Smith, enl. Oct. 16, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Henry C. Smith, enl. Oct. 14, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. John Spires, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. William G. Toles, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I, 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. John M. Williams, enl. Oct. 14, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Ernst Witrmeirer, enl. Oct. 22, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Charles West, enl. Oct. 13, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Sylvester White, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I, 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. James A. Young, enl. Oct. 13, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Robert A. Young, enl. Oct. 13, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. AVilliam Han is, enl. Dec. 7, 1863 ; trans, to Co. 1, 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864 ; wounded May 27, 1864 ; sent to hospital at Nashville, Tenn. Benjamin Kennedy, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I, 0. A'. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Prisoners of War. Sergt. James II. Bainum, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; prisoner Sept. 22, 1863. Corp. Reason B. Dunn, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; private from enlistment to March 1, 1863; prisoner Sept. 22,1863. Corp. George Newkirk, enl. Oct. 2, 1861; prisoner May 27, 1864; private from enlistment to Jan. 1, 1864. William Calvin, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; prisoner Sept. 22, 1863. Marion Donley, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; priBoner May 27, 1864. AVilliam Mitchell, enl. Oct. 14, 1862 ; prisoner Sept. 22, 1863. Jacob Staub, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; prisoner Sept. 22, 1863. Died. Sergt. Perry Robb, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; died Oct. 13, 1863, at Chattanooga, Tenn. ; wounded, Sept. 19, 1863, at battle of Chickamauga. Corp. Martin V. Lindsey, enl. Oct. 14, 1862 ; died in Richmond, Va., while pris oner, Dec. 24, 1863. Conrad BosBhammor, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; diod at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 30, 1862, of chronic diarrhoea. John Bosshammer, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; killed in action, Aug. 20, 1804, near At lanta, Ga. Thornton S. BainB, eul. Nov. 6, 1862; died in field hospital, Murfreesboro', Tenn., July 4, 1863. William Donley, enl. Oct. 1, 1861 ; died at St. Louis, Mo. John L. Downing, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; killed in battle at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. James E. Evans, enl. Oct. 24,1862; died at Murfreesboro', Tenn., March 22, 1863. Benjamin F. Fite, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; killed in battle at Missionary Ridge, Tenn., Nov. 25, 1863. David Howell, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; wounded at battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862 ; died atEvunsville, Ind., April 24, 1862. William Hinchy, enl. Oct. 19, 1862 ; died at recruiting station, Brown Co., Ohio, Dec. 30, 1863. Sylvester McCann, enl. Oct. 2, 1801 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., March 7, 1862. Lewis Mohn, enl. Oct. 14, 1862 ; diod at hospital, Murfreesboro', Tenn., May 14, 1863. Francis Sullivan, enl. Oct. 17, 1862; died at Stone River Ford, April 19, 1863. Francis Tatman, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; died at Columbia, Ky., Jan. 2, 1862. Corp. John P. Tice, enl. Aug. 13, 1862; died of wounds at Knoxville, Tenn., Sept. 11, 1864. William H. Gregg, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; died in field-hospital in Georgia, July 26 1864, of wound. John Green, enl. Aug. 2, 1862 ; died of wound, Dec. 22, 1864, at Louisville, Ky. Sergt. William Green, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; drowned by explosion off steamer " Sultana," on Mississippi River, April 27, 1865. Corp. Charles T. Kruse, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; killed by oxplosion off steamer "Sultana," on Mississippi River, April 27,1865. Isaac Anderson, enl. Sept. 22,1863; died in field-hospital at Marietta, Ga., Aug. 18, 1864. George Deviue, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; died in hospital at Louisville, Ky., Jan. 19 1863. Henry Frey, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; died in hospital at Rome, Ga., July 30, 1864. David Fagin, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; died in hospital at Washington, D. C, Feb. 16 1863. Charles Lillich, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; died at Kingston, Ga., in hospital, Oct. 2 1864. Amos Lindsey, eul. Sept. 22, 1863 ; died in hospital at Columbia, Ky., Dec. 30 1863. Samuel Casteel, enl. March 30, 1864 ; died in hospital at AVilmington, N. C, May 18, 1865; traus. from 99th 0. V. I. to 60th 0. V. I. John A. Myers, enl. Aug. 3, 1862 ; died in hospital at Louisville, Ky. Jan. to 1863. '¦ ¦¦ i David 0. Philips, enl. Sept. 21, 1863; died in hospital at Jeffersonville Ind March 30, 1804. ' '' Sylvauus Stroup, enl. Aug. 18, 1862 ; died in prison at Andersonville Ga March 15, 1865. ' '' Frederick Snailer, enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; died in hospital at Louisville, Ky. Feb 10 1863. '' ' ' Ira White, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; died in hospital at Lebanon, Ky., Jan. 18 1863 COMPANY H. Capt. James W. Hill, com. Sept. 30, 1861 ; wounded at Stone River; res. in con sequence, May 27, 1863. Capt. James S. Riley, com. June 15, 1863 ; corp. at enrollment, Sept. 30 1861 • promoted. 1st Lieut. William S. Trout, com. Sept. 30, 1861; 1st lieut. from enrollment' res. June 10, 1863. 1st Lieut. George C. Tyler, com. Oct. 9, 1862 ; res. Oct. 15, 1863. 1st Lieut. Ed. S. Sinks, com. Nov. 5, 1862 ; 2d lieut. from enrollment; assigned to Co. H. 2d Lieut. Oliver P. Elliott, com. June 9, 1862; sergt. from enrollment; pro. to 2d lieut. ; res. Aug. 1, 1862. 1st Sergt. Nathaniel Yates, enl. Sept. 30, 1861; corp. from enrollment ; pro. to 1st sergt., Juno 16, 1863. Corp. William L. Tatman, enl. Sept. 30,1861; corp. from enrollment; sent to hospital at Chattanooga, Tenn., May 12, 1864. Corp. Leroy Hurdle, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; corp. from enrollment. Corp. Francis M. Frazier, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; wounded at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863, and sent to hospital. Corp. Robert Hill, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; corp. from Oct. 20, 1862. Corp. James Widmeyer, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; corp. from March 1, 1863. Corp. Lewis Myers, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; corp. from March 1, 1863 ; wounded July 20, 1864, and sent to hospital. Corp. Thomas Swope, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; Corp. from July 1, 1864. Corp. Thomas W. Hutton, eul. Sept. 30, 18C1 ; corp. from enrollment; sent to hospital, Aug. 19, 1862. Tlieodoro Altman, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. William Armstrong, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. George Clare, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; wounded by accidental discbarge of musket; Bent to hospital. William A. Cornwall, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; prisoner ; captured May 27, 1864. Greenberry Cornwcll, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; prisoner ; captured May 27, 1864. Joseph Graham, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. William H. Grey, eul. Sept. 30, 1801. AVilliam E. Irwin, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Frank Kelly, enl. Sept. 30, 1801. * Thomas H. Kennedy, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Wilson L. Larkin, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. John Muyus, enl. Sept. 30,1801. Lolt Meeker, enl. Sept. 30, 1801. Alvah C. Malott, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. William D. Newkirk, enl. Sept, 30, 1801. Josiah K. Pickett, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Joseph Powell, enl. Aug. 26, 1862 ; prisoner; captured May 27, 1864. Ernest M. Reed, onl. Sept. 30, 1861. William C. Salt, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Wilbur F. Tice, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. John P. Taylor, eul. Sept. 30, 1861. Andrew J. Woods, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. ThomaB H. Woods, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. James T. AVasson, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. George S. WeBt, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. James II. Yates, onl. Sept. 30, 1861. Discharged. Capt. James W. Hill, com. Sept. 30, 1861. 1st Lieut. Wm. S. Trout, com. Sept. 30, 1861. 1st Lieut. George P. Tyler. 1st Sergt. Oliver P.Elliott, sergt. from enlistment ; disch. June 9, 1802, to ac cept promotion. 1st Sergt. James S. Riley, enl. Sept. 30, 1861; corp. from enlistment; disco. March 8, 1863, to accept promotion.. 1st Sergt. Joaeph C. McKibben, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; corp. from enlistment to Jan. 11, 1862; sergt. to June 9, 1862, then 1st sergt. Lewis G. Apley, enl. Sept. 30, 1861; certificate of disability; disch. Jan. 8, 1863, at Cincinnati, Ohio. James H. Brannon, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Finns Cornwell, enl. March 1, 1862. Jesse Cordrey, enl. Jan. 21, 1863. Lowell Frazee, enl. Sept. 30, 1801 ; disch. Feb. 9, 1863, certificate of disability. Solomon D. Frazee, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; disch. at Camp Dennison, Ohio, July 18, 1863. George W. Gerrcn, enl. Aug. 26, 1862; disch. Oct. 14, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn. Jason P. Holland, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 20, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn. James T. Loyd, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; disch. March 29, 1863, at Cincinnati, Ohio. James T. Mullen, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; discb. Aug. 10, 1862, for disability. James D. Milner, enl. Sept. 30, 1801 ; diBch. May 21, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn. MILITARY HISTORY. 219 George Myers, enl. Aug. 26, 1862 ; disch. June 15, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn. David M. Richey, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; disch. June 8, 1862, at Camp Dennison, Ohio. James C. Rutherford, enl. Sept. 15, 1862 ; disch. July 8, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn. Marcellus Saunders, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 8, 1862, for disability. AVilliam H. Scott, enl. Aug. 27, 1862; disch. Nov. 20, 1863. Samuel Thorp, enl. Sept. 30,1861 ; disch. March 8, 1862. Josiah A. Tice, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; chief musician from enlistment; disch. Jan. 21,1863, at Cincinnati, Ohio. Transferred. Sergt. John M. Judd, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; Bergt. from enlistment; trans, to In valid Corps, June, 1863. Sergt. William H.Brown, enl. Aug. 19, 1862; private from enlistment; then sergt., Co. K, 59th O. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Sergt. Samuel D. Wood, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; private to April 8, 1862 ; then corp. ; afterwards sergt.; wounded at New Hope Church, Ga., May 27, 1864; trans, to Co. I, 59th O. V. I. Sergt. Lei-oy S. Frazier, enl. Aug. 14, 1862; private to March 8, 1863; then Corp.; afterwards sergt. ; trans, to Co. K, 59th 0. V. I. Jonas Metzger, enl. Aug. 26, 1802; private to Aug. 26, 1862; afterwards sergt.; promoted July 1, 1864. Corp. George M. Sinks, enl. Sept. 30, 1861; private to Jan. 11, 1802; then Corp.; Jan. 1, 1863, pro. to q.m.-sergt., and trans, to regimental staff. George Altman, enl. Sept. 8, 1862 ; trans, to Brigade Band, Nov. 12, 1862. Joseph Armstrong, enl. Aug. 19, 1862 ; wounded at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863 ; sent to hospital ; trans, to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. William B. Carny, enl. Oct. 12, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Joshua Faulkner, enl. Aug. 27, 1862 ; sent to hospital at Murfreesboro', Tenn., May, 1863 ; trans, to Co. K, 59th O. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Edward Frazier, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; trans, to Co. K, 50th 0. V. I., Oct. 24,1864. Lafayette M. Henderson, enl. Aug. 19, 1862; trans, to Co. K, 59tb O. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Isaiah Her, enl. Dec. 23, 1863 ; trans, to Co. I, 69th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. William H. Her, enl. Dec. 23, 1863 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Jacob Leslie, enl. Sept. 14, 1862; trans, to Co. K, 59th O. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Johu W. Metzger, enl. Aug. 26, 1862; trans, to Co. K, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Wesley Metzger, enl. Ang. 26, 1S62 ; trans, to Co. K, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. John T. Merrill, enl. Oct. 6, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. William A. Mullen, enl. Feb. 4, 1864 ; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. George W. Richards, enl. Jan. 27, 1864; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. John W. Richey, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Co. K, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Charles Rutherford, enl. Oct. 5, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. William H. Rogers, enl. Oct. IS, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 59tb 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Samuel P. Ross, enl. Aug. 27, 1862 ; trans, to Co. K, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. John W. Stewart, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; tranB. to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. William W. Tohn, enl. Jan. 18, 1864; trans, to Co. I, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24,1864. William C. Woods, enl.'Aug. 21, 1862 ; trans, to Co. K, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. Prisoners of War. William Armstrong, enl. Sept. 30, 1861; prisoner, captured May 27, 1864. William H. Cornwell, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; prisoner, captured May 27, 1864. Greeuberry Cornwell, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; prisoner, captured May 27, 1864. Joseph Powell, enl. Aug. 26, 1862. Died. 1st Sergt. James G. Sargent, enl. Sept. 30,1861; 1st sergt. from enlistment; killed at battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Jacob Altman, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; died at Point Isabel, Ohio, May 19, 1862, from wounds received at battle of Shiloh. AVilliam S. Brown, enl. Aug. 19, 1862 ; died at Bethel, Ohio, of fever, Oct. 6, 1862. Alfred H. E. Chelsing, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. John B. Frazee, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Joseph G. Hines, enl. Sept. 30, 1861; killed at battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862. William Hodkins, enl. Sept. 30, 1861; died in hospital at Lebanon, Ky., Dec. 25, 1861. Joseph S. Irwin, enl. Sept. 30, 1861; died in hospital at Hamsbllrg Landing, Tenn., May 21, 1862. John W. Long, enl. Aug. 19, 1862; recruit; died in hospital at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 24, 1863. Nathan Laypole, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; died July 11, 1864, from wounds received at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 23, 1864. Reuben M. Mitchell, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; died in hospital at Camp Fyffe, Ky., Dec. 25, 1861. Andrew Metzger, enl. Aug. 26,1862; recruit; died in hospital at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Van Buren Meeker, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; died at Bowling Green, Ky., May 7, 1863. David Metzger, enl. Aug. 26, 1862; recruit; died at Nashville, Tenn., May 29, 1863. Van Buren Martin, enl. Sept. 30, 1861; died at Chattanooga, Tenn., of wounds received at Kenesaw Mountain, June 21, 1864. John C. Newkirk, enl. Aug. 26, 1862; recruit; died at Stone River, April 6, 1863. Isaac Penny, enl. Aug. 27, 1862 ; recruit ; died at Murfreesboro', Tenn., May 15, 1803. Peter AV. Shinkle, enl. Sept. 30, 1861; died in hospital at Nashville, Tenn., May 15,1863. William II. Swope, enl. Sept. 30, 1861; died at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 21, 1863. Palmer Wasson, enl. Sept. 30, 1861 ; died in hospital at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 16, 1862. COMPANY I. Capt. Charles A. Sheafe, com. Jan. 26,1862; capt. from enlistment. 1st Lieut. James R. Temple, com. Feb. 1, 1862; 1st lieut. from enlistment; res. Feb. 2, 1863. 1st Lieut. Francis F. Kibler, com. Feb. 10, 1863 ; 2d lieut. from enlistment; pro. to 1st lieut., Feb. 10, 1863; disch. on account of wounds, Oct. 6, 1864. Capt. William Bartlow, com. Feb. 20, 1866; sergt. from enlistment; pro. to 2d lieut., Feb. 10,1862; pro. to capt, Feb. 20,1865; tnans. from Co. F. 2d Lieut. Robert C. Drake, com. March 26, 1865; private at enlistment; pro. to sergt., Sept. 1, 1864; pro. to 1st sergt., Oct. 31,1864; pro. to 2d liout., March 26, 1865 ; trans, from Co. G to Co. I. 1st Lieut. Daniel F. Molen, com. March 26, 1865; 2d lieut. at enlistment; pro. to 1st lieut., March 27, 1865 ; res. June 26, 1865. 1st Lieut. Michael Sells, com. March 4, 1863; sergt.-maj. at enlistment; pro. to 2d lieut., March 5, 1863; pro. to 1st lieut., March 28, 1864; trans, to Co. A, May 1, 1864. 1st Sergt. Reason B. Dunn, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; private at enlistment; pro. to corp., March 1, 1863 ; pro. to 1st sergt., April 1, 1805 ; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Sergt. James Cochran, enl. Oct. 10. 1862; privato at enlistment; pro. to corp., March 1, 1803; pro. to sergt., Nov. 29, 1864; trans, from Co. G to Co. C, Oct. 24, 1864. Sergt. Gustavus Kautz, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; private at enlistment; pro. to corp., Sept. 1, 1864; pro. to sergt., Feb. 3, 1865; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Sergt. Robert P. Fisher, enl. Aug. 31, 1862 ; private at enlistment ; pro. to corp., March 1, 1863; pro. to sergt., June 30, 1865; trans, from Co. D to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Sergt. AVilliam P. Johnson, enl. Jan. 27,1863; private at enlistment; pro. to corp., April 1,1865; pro. to sergt., June 30,1865; trans, from Co. A to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Corp. James A. Young, enl. Oct. 17, 1862; private at enlistment; pro. to Corp., Sept. 1, 1864; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1S64. Corp. Jacob Roebm, enl. Oct. 22, 1862 ; private at enlistment; pro. to Corp., Dec. 31, 1864; trans, from Co. G to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1S04. Corp. John G. Molen, enl. Feb. 24, 1864; private at enlistment; pro. to Corp., Dec. 26, 1864; trans, from Co. K to Co. I, June 26, 1865. Corp. John Scott, enl. Oct. 11, 1862; private at enlistment; pro. to Corp., April 1, 1865; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Corp. Mortimer Boone, enl. Feb. 10, 1863; private at enlistment; pro. to Corp., April 1, 1865 ; trans, from Co. C to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Corp. Darius Shinklo, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; private at enlistment; pro. to Corp., April 1, 1865; trans, from Co. G to Co I. Oct. 24, 1864. Corp. James A. Coiiray, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; private at enlistment ; pro. to Corp., April 1, 1865; trans, from Co. A to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Corp. Richard H. Askran, enl. Oct. 14,1862; private at enlistment; pro. to corp., June 30, 1805; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Musician AVilliam Bartlett, enl. Dec. 16, 1863; musician at enlistment; trans. from Co. K to Co. I, June 26, 1865. Musician Daniel Cornell, enl. Dec. 23,1863; musician at enlistment; trans. from Co. K to Co. I, June 26, 1865. Frederick Arn, enl. Oct. 21, 1862 ; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. William Aimstrong, enl. Sept. 20,1861; trans, from Co. H to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Samuel Billingsly, enl. Jan. 17, 1862. Gustavus A. Bochin, enl. Oct. 22,1862; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Isaac Beach, enl. Feb. 10, 1865 ; trans, from Co. K to Co. I, June 26, 1865. Franklin Crist, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; sent to hospital, May 27, 1864; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Newton J. Colier, enl. March 9, 1864 ; trans, from Co. D to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. William B. Curry, enl. Oct. 2, 1862; traus. from Co. H to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. John M. Croswell, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. JameB L. Cabal, enl. Nov. 8, 1862; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. John Colvin, enl. June 19, 1863; sent to hospital at McMinnville, Tenn., Sept. 13, 1863 ; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. James T. Campbell, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Erastus B. Dumpford, enl. Oct. 20, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Jesse 0. Davy, enl. Oct. 24, 1863 ; trans, from Co. B to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Peter Forthoffer, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. John H. Flynn, enl. April 18, 1863 ; tranB. from Co. C to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Robert Fithen, enl. Sept. 29, 1862; trans, from Co. K to Co. I, June 26, 1865. John M. Hood, enl. Dec. 31, 1861 ; in hoBpital at Columbia, Ky., Feb. 18, 1862. Solomon Halfhill, enl. Oct. 20, 1862 ; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Leroy Hindle, enl. Feb. 10, 1865 ; trans, from Co. K to Co. I, June 26, 1865. John N. Joseph, enl. March 8, 1863 ; in hospital at Camp Dennison, Ohio, March 10, 1865; trans, from Co. C to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. John Kazad, enl. Dec. 22,1862; in hospital at Nashville, Tenn., March 26, 1862. Man nan Lang, enl. March 6, 1862 ; in hospital. 220 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. James M. Lynch, enl. Jan. 10, 1863; trans, from Co. C to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. John W. Lane, enl. Oct. 11, 1862 ; tranB. from Co. K to Co. I, June 26, 1865. Polk Murray, enl. Dec. 20, 1861 ; in hospital at Columbia, Ky., Feb. 12, 1862. William Morris, enl. Oct. 2, 1861 ; trans, from Co. C to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Leavitt Malott, enl. March 25, 1S62; in hospital at New Albany, Ind., April 1, 1865 ; trans, from Co. C to Co. D, Oct. 24, 1864. Loustus Malott, enl. Jan. 4, 1863 ; in hosp. at Tullahoma, Tenn., Feb. 16, 1865; trans, from Co. C to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Lewis C. Malott, enl. Jan. 4, 1863 ; trans, from Co. C to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1S64. Byron Marshall, enl. Dec. 28, 1862 ; trans, from Co. C to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. John T. Merrill, enl. Oct. 6, 1862; trans, from Co. H to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1S64. John W. Maklein, enl. Feb. 25, 1864; trans, from Co. K to Co. I, Juno 26, 1805. Abner E. McCalla, enl. Sept. 24, 1862; trans, from Co. K to Co. I, June 26, 1865. Martin W. McLefresh, enl. Aug. 26, 1862; trans, from another company. Peter R. Norris, enl. Jan. 4, 1864 ; trans, from another company. Isaac T. Osborn, enl. Dec. 31, 1863 ; trans, from another company. Harrison Parks, enl. Dec. 31, 1863 ; tranB. from another company. Leroy Pearson, enl. Nov. 1, 1861 ; in hosp. at Stevenson, Ala., since Aug. 18, '62. Caleb Pierce, enl. Oct. 13, 1862 ; trans, from Co. G to Co. I, Oct. 24, 1864. Jeremiah Priest, enl. Jan. 13, 1863; trans, from another company. James Quinn, enl. Oct. 13, 1862; trans, from another company. Charles Rutherford, enl. Oct. 5, 1862; trans, from another company. William H. Bogus, enl. Oct. 18, 1862; trans, from another company. George AV. Richards, enl. Jan. 27, 1864 ; veteran recruit. AVilliam Roney, enl. Sept. 13,1861; tranB. from different company. John AV. Steward, enl. Sept. 13, 1861 ; trans, from different company. Wade H. Scisco, enl. Jan. 1, 1862 ; in hosp. (date and place unknown). Joseph Schiler, enl. Feb. 12, 1862. Henry C. Smith, enl. Oct. 14, 1862. Johu Stone, enl. Feb. 9, 1863. John Sloan, enl. Feb. 19, 1863. AVilliam W. Smith, enl. Oct 16, 1862. John Smith, enl. Jan. 21, 1864; in hosp. at Jeffersonville, Ind., since April 1, 1865. William Staten, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Charles Staten, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Thomas Sanders, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; trans, from another company. George W. Steward, enl. Dec. 1, 1863 ; trans, from another company. William R. Steward, enl. Jan. 4, 1864; in hosp. at Nashville, Tenn., since Dec. 28, 1864. David Tucker, enl. March 8, 1863; trans, from another company. William AV. Toland, enl. Jan. 8, 1864; trans, from another company. AVilliam E. Thompson, enl. Sept. 16, 1861 ; trans, from another company. AVilliam F. Tivis, enl. March, 1864; trans, from another company. Reuben Utter, enl. Feb. 10, 1865; trans, from another company. John Wesley, enl. Dec. 31, 1861 ; in hosp. at Nashville, Tenn., Bince May 20, '62. James W. Work, enl. Jan. 10, 1863; in hosp. (place and date unknown). Richard Waits, enl. Jan. 16, 1863 ; in hosp. at Cincinnati, O., since April 1, 1865. John M. Williams, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; trans, from another company. Elias AVaits, enl. Jan. 20, 1863; trans, from another company. Charles Waits, enl. Jan. 26, 1863; trans, trom another company. Vincent (!. AVhite, enl. Dec. 6, 1862; in hosp. at Cincinnati, Ohio, since April 1, 1865. John Walker, enl. Jan. 1, 1863 ; trans, from another company. Charles West, enl. Oct. 19, 1862 ; trans, from another company. Henry Walker, enl. Oct. 22, 1861; trans, from company. Robert A. Young, enl. Oct. 13, 1862; trans, from another company. John York, enl. Jan. 1, 1862 ; in hosp. at Columbia, Ky., since Feb. 12, 1862. Killed in Action. Daniel M. Kirby, enl. March 1, 1862 ; killed at battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Deceased. 1st Sergt. Edwin B. Ham, enl. Jan. 14, 1862 ; died in hosp. at Evansville, Ind., April 22, 1862, of wounds received at battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Sergt. John S. Cook, enl. Dec. 30, 1861 ; died in hosp. at Nashville, Tenn., May 3, 1865. John W. Barr, enl. March 16, 1861 ; died in hosp. at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 22 1862. Lorenzo D. Ferris, enl. Nov. 9,1861 ; died in hosp. at Nashville, Tenn., June 15 1863. Samuel C. Riley, enl. March 1, 1862; died in hosp. at Nashville, Tenn., April 6 1863. Andrew J. York, enl. Nov. 17, 1802; died at Nashville, Tenn. (no date given). 1st Sergt. Nathan T. Moore, enl. Oct. 22, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of service, Nov. 1, 1864. Sergt. James A. Avey, enl. Sept. 11, 1862 ; disch. by order. Sergt. William H. Brown, enl. Aug. 18, 1862; disch. on surg. certilicate March 15, 1865. Sergt. Leroy S. Frazier, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; disch. by order. Sergt. George W. Reed, enl. Jan. 25, 1862 ; disch. on expiration of term of ser vice, Feb. 2, 1865. Sergt. Robert C. Shafer, enl. Oct. 22, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of ser vice, Nov. 1, 1864. Sergt. Absalom R. Stockwell, enl, Oct. 22, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of service, Nov. 1, 1864. 1st Sergt. Robert C. Drake, enl. Oct. 22, 1862; disch. to accept pro. as 2d lient Co. 0, 59th O. V. I., March 26, 1865. Corp. John Clemens, enl. Dec. 20, 1861 (discharged, no date or cause given) Corp. Samuel P. Couley, enl. Feb. 1,1862 ; disch. on expiration of term of sar vice, Feb. 2, 1865. Corp. John W. Jackson, enl. Jan. 7, 1862; disch. at Louisville Ky Feb 6 1863. ' '' Corp. Samuel M. Hoop, enl. Oct. 26, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of ser- vice, Nov. 1, 1864. Core. George D. Worley, enl. March 1, 1862 ; disch. on expiration of term of ser vice, March 3, 1865. William Applegate, enl. Nov. 28, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of Bervice Dec. 4, 1864. John W Boyd, enl. Oct. 26, 1801; disch. ou expiration of term of servico Nov 9, 1864. James W. Burton, onl. Dec. 20, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of servico Dec. 24, 1864. Bransford Camahan, enl. Jan. 1, 1862; disch. on expiration of term of ser Jan. 5, 1S65. Larkin, Camahan, enl. Jan. 1, 1861 ; discb. on expiration of term of service Jan. 6, 1865. William Camahan, enl. Jan. 1, 1862 ; disch. on expiration of term of service Jan. 5, 1865. Franklin, Camahan, enl. Jan. 1, 1862; disch. on expiration of term of service Jan. 5, 1865. James M. Camahan, enl. Jan. 1, 1862 (no date or cause given). John B. Cann, enl. Oct. 11, 1862; disch. for disability, May 15, 1865. Job Conover, enl. Sept. 16, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of service, May 15,1865. George A. Crute, enl. Feb. 24, 1864; disch. by order. Aaron Custer, enl. Dec. 9, 1861; disch. at Camp Chase, Ohio, Jan. 27,1862, by writ of habeas corpus. John Carr, enl. Dec. 9, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Dec. 24 1804. Brice Edington, enl. Nov. 1, 1861 (no date or cause). Isaac Elrod, eul. Dec. 20, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Jan. 26 1865. Anthony El rod, enl. Dec. 20, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Jan. 26, 1865. Lorenzo D. Fowler, enl. Oct. 26, 1862 (no date or cause). Francis Finnegan, enl. Nov. 9, 1861; disch. for disability at St. Louis, Mo., ' June 20, 1862. Lewis Gulley, enl. Dec. 27, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Jan. 19, 1865. James H.Gaines, enl. Jan. 6, 1802; disch. for disability at Murfreesboro', Tsnn, March 2), 1863. John AV. Hinee, enl. Jan. 2, 1864; disch. to accept pro., June 17, 1864. AVilliam Hines, enl. Dec. 7, 1863; disch. for disability, March 15, 1865. Andrew Huston, enl. Dec. 18, 1861; discb. for disability at Louisville, Ky., May 11, 1863. Peter Hoop, enl. Oct. 22, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of 4enn of service, Nov. 1, 1864. William II. Her, enl. Dec. 22, 1863; disch. by order, May 3, 1865. Isaiah Her, enl. Dec. 23, 1863 ; disch. by order, May 3, 1865. AVilliam Jones, enl. Feb. 8, 1862 (no date or came). David Kautz, enl. Oct. 14, 1862 ; dilch. for disability, Jan. 16, 1865. AVilliam A. Mullen, enl. Feb. 6, 1864; disch. for disability, Jan. 25, 1865. Joseph Metzger, enl. Aug. 26, 1862; disch. on expira.tion of term of service, June 28, 1865. William Miller, enl. Oct. 18, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Dec. 30, 1863. Jacob Mink, enl. Oct. 17, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Nov. 1, 1864. Joshua Merriman, enl. Oct. 22,1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Nov. 1,1864. Johu Mullen, enl. Sept. 16, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Dec. 24, 1864. Joseph Peed, enl. Dec. 20, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Dec. 24, 1864. Lindsey W. Rich, enl. Jan. 1, 1862 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Jan. 5, 1865. Frank Reed, enl. Sept. 12, 1801 ; disch. for disability, Feb. 8, 1865. AVilliam B. Rose, enl. March 1, 1862 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, March, 3, 1865. Absalom Roush, enl. Nov. 9, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of service, Nov. 9, 1804. Thomas Robinson, enl. Nov. 9, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Nov. 9, 1864. Joseph Housh, enl. Nov. 26, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of service, Dec. 24, 1864. Wesley C. Shinkle, enl.' Jan. 28, 1862; disch. on expiration of term of service, Feb. 2, 1865. John Spires, enl. Oct. 14, 1862; disch. for disability, March 20, 1865. George W. Smith, enl. Oct. 26, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Nov. 1, 1864. George W. Stilts, enl. Dec. 20, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Deo. 24, 1864. AVilliam Strange, enl. Dec. 2,1861; disch. on expiration of term of service, Dec. 24, 1864. MILITARY HISTORY. 221 William Wilson, enl. Feb. 18, 1862 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Dec. 21,1865. Rotta West, enl. Oct. 18, 1861 ; disch. on expiration of term of service, Oct. 18, 1864. James AVardlow, enl. Oct. 1, 1861; disch. on expiration of term of Bervice, March 16, 1865. Ernst Whitmirer, enl. Oct. 22, 1862; disch. for disability, March 23, 1865. Transferred. John M. Barnes, enl. Jan. 2, 1864; trans, to brigade band, 3d Brigade, 3d Di vision, Nov. 1, 1864. Friedly Hurm, enl. Feb. 27, 1804; trans, to Co. C, 15th Vet. Res. Corps, Dec. 3, 1864. COMPANY K. Capt. Elbert M. Sargent, com. Aug. 14, 1862. 1st Lieut. John P. Purdon, com. Dec. 26, 1864. 1st Lieut. Frank H.Woods, com. Aug. 14,1862; killed at battle of Chick amauga, Sept. 19, 1863. 1st Lieut. Lowell II. Smith, com. Sept. 17, 1861 ; assigned to Co. E, 59th O.V. I., Jan. 20, 1864. 1st Lieut. Michael Sells, com. Oct. 22, 1861 ; assigned to Co. A, 59th 0. V. I., Oct. 24, 1864. 2d Lieut. George W. McLefresb, com. Dec. 26, 1864. 2d Lieut. David A. Bannister, com. Aug. 14, 1862 ; assigned to Co. F, 69th 0. Y. I., June, 1864. Sergt. Samuel Bolander, enl. Aug. 20, 1862 ; corp. at enlistment ; pro. Dec. 26, 1864. Sergt. Enos F. Kelch, enl. Aug. 19, 1862; appointed corp. Sept. 23,1862; pro. April 27, 1863. Sergt. John T. M. Ballou, enl. Aug. fl, 1862; appointed corp. March 1, 1863; pro. June 1, 1863. Sergt. Joseph T.Sargent, enl. Aug. 19, 1862; appointed corp. March 1, 1863; pro. Dec. 26, 1864. Sergt. Samuel J. Gibson, enl. Aug. 23, 1862; appointed corp. March 1,1863; pro. Feb. 2, 1865. Corp. John A. Hicks, enl. Aug. 20, 1862; private from enlistment; pro. March 16, 1863. Corp. James H. Gehan, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; private from enlistment ; pro. April 27. 1863. Corp. Henry II. Ferguson, enl. Aug. 15, 1862; private from enlistment; pro. April 27, 1863'. Corp. Warren EngliBh, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; private from enlistment; pro. June 1, 1863. Corp. John A. Swope, enl. Aug. 9, 1862; private from enlistment; pro. Aug. 1, 1864. Corp. Robert Cubberly, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; private from enlistment; pro. Dec. 26, 1864. Corp. William A. Crute, eul. Aug. 21, 1862 ; private from enlistment; pro. Feb. 2, 1865. Joseph Armstrong, enl. Aug. 19,1S62 ; wounded and taken prisoner at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863, and exchanged Oct. 22, 1863. Michael Beckelhimer, enl. Aug. 29, 1862 ; taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863, and exchanged Dec. 13, 1864. Sylvester Boys, eul. Aug. 9, 1862 ; trans, from Co. F, Oct. 24, 1864. Morris W. Bennett, enl. Sept. 15, 1862; trans, from Co. F. Thomas H. Brown, enl. Sept. 8, 1862. John W. Connovcr, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Abram Chapinau, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Thomas M. Cailer, enl. Sept. 15, 1862 ; trans, from Co. E to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Orlestus Chatterton, enl. Sept. 27, 1862; trans, from Co. E to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Jacob R. Demarias, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. William Dye, enl. Aug. 23, 1862; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Job Echelberger, enl. Aug. 31, 1862; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Joshua Faulkner, enl. Sept. 14, 1862 ; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. David Flowers, enl. Aug. 31, 1862 ; trans, from Co. C to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Edward Glenn, enl. Sept. 13, 1862 ; trans, from Co. F to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Andrew J. Holton, enl. Aug. 23, 1862 ; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Jonathan Iliues, enl. Aug. 26, 1862. AVilbur F. Howe, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mahlon Hoover, eul. Aug. 16, 1862. Bart Jacobs, enl. Aug. 6,1862; sent to hospital at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 20, 186+. AVilliam M. Jones, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Henry Joslin, enl. Aug. 28, 1862 ; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Philip Kratzer, enl. Aug. 18, 1862 ; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Robert A. King, enl. Sept. 11, 1862 ; trans, from Co. F to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Orlanda Kelch, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Jacob Leslie, enl. Sept. 14, 1862; trans, from Co. H to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Clay Larkin, enl. July 31, 1862. Hiram Lennan, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. ThomaB Love, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Sylvester Love, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Joseph MoLefresh, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Jacob V. Moody, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Theodoro F. Melvin, onl. Aug. 15, 1862. Jacob Moyers, onl. Sept. 7, 1862. Thomas J. Monco, enl. Sept. 9, 1862 ; trans, from Co. F to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. James W. Morford, enl. Aug. 23, 1862 ; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Martin Maham,' enl. Sept. 18, 1862; trans, from Co. E to Co. K, Oct. 24.1864. John W. Metzger, enl. Aug. 26, 1862 ; trans, from Co. II to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Oliver Malott, enl. Aug. 31, 1862 ; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. AVesley Metzger, eul. Aug. 20, 1862 ; trans, from Co. H to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. John Nichols, enl. Aug. 31, 1862 ; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. AVilliam B. Nichols, enl. Sept. 18, 1862 ; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Andrew J. Pride, enl. Aug. 23, 1862 ; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Enos D. Prather, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Erasmus W. Prather, enl. Aug. 28, 1862. Burlington Reynolds, enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; wounded and taken prisoner, May 27, 1864 ; supposed to be dead. Hiram Ross, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Aaron Riley, enl. Aug. 26, 1862. Samuel P. Ross, enl. Aug. 27, 1802 ; trans, from Co. H to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. John W. Richey, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; trans, from Co. If to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. William F. Smith, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; wounded and taken prisoner, May 27, 1864; supposed to be dead. Alfred Stover, enl. Aug. 18, 1862 ; trans, from Co. E to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Harvey Snider, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Jacob Wallace, enl. Sept. 16, 1862; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Isaac D AVilliams, enl. Sept. 23, 1862 ; trans, from Co. A to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Lucien Wenver, enl. Sept. 21, 1862 ; trans, from Co. F to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. William L. AVillison, enl. Sept. 13, 1862 ; trans, from Co. F to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. William C.Woods, enl. Aug. 21, 1862; trans, from Co. H to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. William Young, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Recruits to he Transferred. Corp. John G. Molen, enl. Feb. 24, 1864; appointed corp. Dec. 26, 1864. Musician William Bartlett, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Musician Daniel Cornell, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Isaac Beach, enl. Feb. 10, 1805. Robert Fifthen, enl. Sept. 29, 1862; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Leroy Hurdle, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. John W. Lane, enl. Oct. 11, 1862; trans, from Co. F to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. Martin W. McLefresh, enl. Aug. 26, 1862. Abner E. McColle, enl. Sept. 24, 1862 ; trans, from Co. D to Co. K, Oct. 24, 1864. William R. Stewart, enl. Jan. 4, 1864; sent to hospital at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 28, 1863. George AV. Stewart, enl. Deo. 1, 1863. Thomas Sanders^enl. Aug. 13, 1862. William F. Tivis, enl. March 18, 1864. Reuben Utter, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Transferred. Corp. William Bagley, onl. Aug. 23, 1802 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, March 25, 1864. Quinn T. Blair, enl. Aug. 10, 1862; pro. to sergt.-maj.; traus. to non-commis sioned staff, 59th O. V. I., June 7, 1863. AVilliam F. Drake, enl. Oct. 21, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, March 23, 1864. Leonard Ebaugh, enl. Aug. 23, 1862; trans, to 1st Regt. U. S. Vet. Vol., Aug. 15, 1864. Sylvester Hurley, enl. Aug. 2, 1862; trans, to Invalid Corps, Nov. 1, 1863. AValter H. Hill, enl. Aug. 19, 1862 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, Nov. 1, 1863. Lafayette AV. Henderson, enl. Aug. 19, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, Jan. 13, 1865. Joseph L. Larkin, enl. Aug. 2, 1862; trans, to Invalid Corps, July 29, 1863. CharleB Morgan, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; trans, to 1st Regt. U. S. Vet. Vol., July 20, 1864. Charles Owens, enl. Aug. 30, 1862; trans to Invalid Corps, Aug. 1, 1863. William Vaughn, enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, Nov. 1, 1863. 1st Sergt. Henry Miller, enl. Aug. 9, 1862; disch. at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 12, 1863. 1st Sergt. George W. McLefresh, enl. Aug. 13, 1862; disch. to accept pro., Deo. 26, 1864. Sergt. Alphineas H. Hall, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; disch. at Murfreesboro', Tenn., April, 1863. Sergt. Daniel F. Molen, enl. Aug. 13, 1862; disch. to accept pro., Feb. 2, 1865. Corp. Enoch M. Bagby, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; disch. Feb. 8, 1863. Corp. Livingston D. Bredwell, enl. Aug. 26, 1862 ; disch. July 25, 1864. Corp. Daniel Fry, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; disch. at Nashville, Tenn., no date. Corp. John E. White, enl. Aug. 27, 1862; disch. March 25, 1863, at Louisville, Ky. Teamster William Raper, enl. Feb. 11, 1862 ; term of service expired ; must, out Feb. 10, 1865. Alexander Britton, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; disch. at Nashville, Tenn., April 24, 1863. Alonzo R. Brown, enl. Aug 15, 1862; disch. at Knoxville, Tenn., April 5, 1864. Courtland Brown, enl. Feb. 11, 1862; term of service expired; must, out Feb. 10,1865. William R. Clark, enl. Aug. 20, 1862; disch. atNashville, Tenn., Feb. 3, 1863. Charles W. Davis, enl. Feb. 11, 1862 ; term of service expired ; must, out Feb. 10, 1865. Edward Frazier, enl. Aug. 14,1862; disch. May 24, 1865, for disability. 222 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Edward Jeffries, enl. Feb. 11, 1862 ; terra of service expired ; must, out Feb. 10, 1865. James F. Jennings, enl. Aug. 13, 1862; disch. at Murfreesboro', Tenn., March 22, 1863. Whittington Lausdale, enl. Feb. 3, 1862; term of service expired; must, out Feb. 10, 1865. Peter R. Norris, enl. July 28, 1862 ; disch. April 18, 1863, at Nashville, Tenn. James Palmer, enl. Feb. 11, 1862; term of service expired ; must, out Feb. 10, 1865. Henry B. Riley, enl. July 29, 1862; disch. at Gallipolis, Ohio, Feb. 18, 1863. Edward Riley, enl. Aug. 26, 1862; disch. at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 26, 1863. Thomas L. H. Ross, enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch. at Columbus, 0., Nov. 23, 1862. Samuel Ross, enl. Sept. 15, 1862 ; disch. at Louisville, Ky., Sept. 12, 1863. John L. Smith, enl. Aug. 23, 1862 ; disch. at Covington, Ky., April 8, 1865. Benj. S. Craig, enl. Aug. 6,1862; disch. at Camp Dennison, Ohio, June 9, 1863. William R. Steward, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; disch. at Nashville, Tenn., no date. Died. Sergt. David H. Sargent, enl. Aug. 7, 1862; died at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 13, 1863, of jaundice. Sergt. William C. Richards, enl. July 28,1862; died at Murfreesboro', Tenn., May 5, 1863, of rheumatism. Lucius Buchanan, enl. Jan. 4, 1864; died at Chattanooga, Tenn., June 24, 1864, of chronic bronchitis. William Bolander, enl. Aug. 26, 1862; died at Murfreesboro', Tenn., Oct. 24, 1864; disease not known. Thomas Conover, enl. Aug. 7, 1862; died near Murfreesboro', Tenn., March 10, 1863, of typhoid fever. Charles F. Crank, enl. Aug. 26, 1862; died at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 17, 1863, of measles. George W. Case, enl. Aug. 30, 1862 ; died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. 29, 1864, of wounds. Nicholas Ellerman, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; died at Andersonville, Ga.,Dec. 22,1804, of scorbutus. John Howe, enl. Aug. 7,1862; died at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 26, 1863, of wounds received at battle of Stone River. George W. Houser, enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 24, 1862, of measles. Sylvester Miller, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; died at Murfreesboro', Tenn., Feb. 7, 1863, of typhoid fever. Edward Marriott, enl. July 28, 1862; died at Stone River Ford, Tenn., April 16, 1863, of pneumonia. John H. Manning, enl. Aug. 7, 1862; died at Murfreesboro', April 16, 1863, of inflammation of the brain. John A. Prather, enl. Aug. 15, 1862; died at Nashville, Tenn., March 15, 1863, of typhoid pneumonia. Robert F. Reese, enl. Aug. 31, 1862 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Oct. 24, 1864, of scorbutus. Benton R. Utter, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; died at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 28, 1862, of rubeola. SIXTIETH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY I. Sergt. Gustavus I. Whittaker, enlisted Feb. 19, 1864. Corp. John H. Wageman, enl. Feb. 24, 1864; private at enlistment; promoted Jan. 19, 1865. Corp. George M. Whittaker, enl. Feb. 24, 1864; private at enlistment ; promoted June 1, 1865. James Pease, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Henry S. Doughty, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Helon H. House, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. John M. Judd, enl. March 1, 1864. Napoleon B. Leming, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. White Miller, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. John Short, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Philotus Simons, enl. May 14,1864. Died. Corp. David W. Osborn, enl. Feb. 29, 1864; died of disease, at Salisbury, N. C, while prisoner of war. John Q. McKay, enl. Feb. 24, 1864 ; died of disease, Nov. 26, 1864, at Salisbury N. C, while prisoner of war. Elijah M. Short, onl. Feb. 24, 1864; died of disease, Nov. 29, 1864, at Salisbury, N. C, while prisoner of war. Thomas S. Withnell, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. SIXTY-FOTJKTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY I. ' Joseph Deerivester, joined as a recruit ; disch. at NaBbville, Tenn., June 16 1865. Daniel Doughman, enl. Sept. 28, 1864 ; joined as a recruit; disch. at Nashville] Tenn., June 16, 1865, SEVENTY-FIRST OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY E. Andrew B. Applegate, joined the service Sept. 28, 1864; muBt. out at NaBbville Tenn., June 12, 1865. SEVENTY-EIGHTH OHIO VOLUNTEER IN FANTRY. COMPANY F. Edward Allen, disch. May 30, 1865. SEVENTY-NINTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTET This regiment was organized under the call of July 1862, at Camp Dennison, in August of that year. Cler mont organized a company of sharpshooters, which was as signed to the regiment, but did not join it until the -fol- lowing year. The regiment received marching orders Sept, 3, 1862, and crossed into Kentucky at Cincinnati, to pro tect that city from the menacing forces at Lexino-ton. The fall of the year was spent in Kentucky and Tennessee hav ing a number of skirmishes with the enemy, and often suffering untold hardships arising from the heat and lack of water, which also caused much sickness. On the 24th of February, 1863, the regiment was assigned to the Elev enth Army Corps, stationed at Lookout Valley, but in the reorganization of the army became a part of Gen. Hook er's Twentieth Army Corps, sustaining that connection until the close of the war ; and its history from the begin ning of the Atlanta campaign to the close is the history of the Ohio sharpshooters. The regiment began the cam paign with six hundred men, and at the close had but one hundred and eighty-two. In the siege of Savannah the sharpshooters silenced the guns of the fort commanding the entrance to the city. In the Carolinas the regiment was active and its loss severe. From Raleigh the home ward march was begun, the muster-out occurring at Wash ington, June 9, 1865. The loss of the regiment from all causes was greater than its original strength. It was finally discharged at Camp Dennison, June 7, 1865. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. COMPANY B. 1st Lieut. Samuel A. West, com. Aug. 29, 1862 ; pro. to capt., Jan. 19, 1863 ; pro. to maj, Jan. 25, 1865; pro. to lie.ut.-col., June, 1865. COMPANY C (SHARPSHOOTERS). 1st Lieut. Isaiah Daughman, com. Aug. 15, 1862. 2d Lieut. Robert C. Williamson, com. Aug. 25, 1862. Sergt. James C. Redman, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Sergt. Abraham Flegle, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Sergt. Joseph Magee, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Sergt. John M. Phillips, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Corp. Ichabod Murray, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; appointed Corp., Sept. 29, 1862. Corp. Henry Miller, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; appointed Corp., Sept. 29, 1862. Corp. Samuel Atkinson, enl. Aug. 15, 1862; appointed corp., Sept. 29, 1862. Corp. James II. Foote, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; appointed Corp., Sept. 29, 1862. Corp. Thomas C. Fitzwater, appointed Corp., Sept. 29, 1862. Wagoner Evan Hurly, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Thomas J. Elzey, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. John D. Callens, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Richard Christian, eul. Aug. 15, 1862. DlyBses Cox, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. John Clark, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Samuel F. Dudley, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. David Doughman, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Valentine Flegle, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Robert Fry, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Samuel J. Griffith, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. John S. Hawkins, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Jonathan A. Hopkinson, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Melville Hayes, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Lorenzo Ireton, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Alexander Ireton, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Edward Kaler, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. James Mason, enl. Sept. 20, 1862. George A. Miller, eul. Aug. 15, 1862. William Moore, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. George F. Morris, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. MILITARY HISTORY. 223 Calvin S. Newton, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; trans, by request from Co. I to Co. C, Aug. 28, 1862. Albert Newton, enl. Aug. 20, 1862; disch. at Camp Dennison, April 11, 1865. John S. Packard, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Levi B. Stevens, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. John B. Savage, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Daniel Stump, enl. Aug. 15, 1362. Thomas P. Smith, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Simon P. Shetterly, eul. Aug. 20, 1862. Samuel S. Sloan, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. George W. Smith, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Benjamin Snider, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Frank Snell, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Jacob F. Taylor, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Isaac Stouder, enl. Sept. 3, 1862. Elijah Cowen, enl. Sept. 6, 1862. COMPANY H. John Harris, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. COMPANY C. Isaac Schooley, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. EIGHTY-FIRST OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY C. George D. Cramer, enl. March 20, 1865. EIGHTY-SECOND OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY G. Thomas J. Hirschberg, enl. Dec. 29, 1864. EIGHTY-THIRD REGIMENT. COMPANY B. Corp. David C. Harbaugh, enl. Feb. 15, 1864 ; joined by transfer from Co. B, 48th 0. V. I. Corp. Lewis Windsor, enl. Feb. 27, 1864; joined by transfer from Co. B, 48th 0. V. I. John W. Bricker, enl. Feb. 10, 1865 ; joined by enlistment in 83d 0. V. I. ; de tailed to guard prisoners to New Orleans, La. Charles K. Kindle, enl. Feb. 10, 1865 ; joined by enlistment in 83d 0. V. I. Napoleon B. Kindle, enl. Feb. 10, 1865 ; joined by enlistment in 83d 0. V. I. Franklin A. Tribble, enl. Sept. 3, 1864 ; joined by transfer from Co. B, 48th O. V. I. ; Bent to hospital sick, Mobile, Ala., June 13, 1865. George H. Colthar, enl. Aug. 27, 1864 ; joined by trans, from Co. B, 48th 0. V. I. COMPANY D. Sergt. Britton C. Bowne, enl. Feb. 27, 1864 ; joined by transfer from 48th 0. V. V.I. Corp. John Hitsman, enl. Feb. 15, 1864 ; joined by transfer from 48th 0. V. V. I. Corp. William H. Knot, enl. Feb. 15, 1864; joined by transfer from 48th 0. V. V.I. William Worstell, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; joined by transfer from Co. A; present with company in all engagements ; abBent, sick, Bince April 3, 1865. Felix L. Ashtou, enl. Feb. 16, 1864 ; joined by transfer from 48th 0. V. V. I. Dewit C. Hays, enl. Feb. 18, 1 864 ; joined by transfer from 28th 0. V. V. I. George W. Jeffries, enl. Feb. 28, 1864 ; joined by transfer from 28th 0. V. V. I. Thomas J. Short, enl. Feb. 15, 1864 ; joined by transfer from 48th 0. V. V. I. William Mitchell. EIGHTY-NINTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This organization was composed of men from Clermont, Highland, and Ross Counties, enlisted under the call of 1862, the companies going into Camp Dennison from the 10th to the 20th of August. The regiment was mus tered in Aug. 26, 1862, and left the camp September 3d to go into Kentucky, opposite Cincinnati, to protect that city from a possible raid by Kirby Smith. From this point the regiment was transferred to West Virginia, going into winter quarters near Fayetteville Court-House. While lying there camp fever caused the death of many soldiers and disabled others. After the battle of Stone River the regiment was ordered to Nashville, Tenn., to reinforce Gen. Rosecrans, and on the way up the Cumberland River, at Dover, two miles above Fort Donelson, had their first battle, Feb. 7, 1863. Arriving at Nashville, the regiment went into camp five miles from the city, and the season being wet much sick ness ensued, causing the resignation of the colonel and the lieutenant-colonel, and the appointment of J. D. Hatfield to that position. A service in that part of the State followed, and at Hoover's Gap the regiment for the first time was under the direct fire of the enemy. The incessant rains made the campaign severely hard and caused much suffer ing. On the 8th of July the enemy had been driven be yond Chattanooga, and the Eighty-ninth went into camp at Decherd Station about the middle of the month, where it was thoroughly drilled. On the 19th of September tho regiment was in the skirmishing-line of the bloody battle of Chickamauga, and in the afternoon was iu the hardest of the fight. It held an important position until dark, when the enemy closed in on its rear and captured it almost entire. Col. Carlton, Lieut.-Col. Glenn, Assist. Surg. Purdam, Capts. S. A. Glenn, Day, Gatch, Barrett, and Adams, and Lieuts. Fairfield, Harris, Prentiss, Beard, and Scott were sent to Libby prison, and the men to Anderson ville. All that was left of the regiment were forty woundedj twenty sick, and seventy-five well men, who were led into Chattanooga by Surgeon Crew. Meantime Capt. Jolly had been recruiting for the Eighty-ninth, and arriving with his men the day after the battle assumed command of the regiment, which now again had a respectable standing. It was at Mission Ridge, in the front of the attacking column, at Resaca, and for the next four months fought its way into Atlanta. It made the march to the sea with Sherman, and was with him until the capture of Johnston, April 27, 1865. After participating in the grand review, the regi ment was mustered out at Washington, June 7, 1865, and was finally discharged at Camp Dennison, June 13, 1865. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. Maj. Joseph D. Hatfield, com. Aug. 13, 1862 ; pro. to col. Dec. 2, 1862. Surg. H. Bradley, com. Aug. 19, 1862; res. March 28, 1863. 1st Asst. Surg. S. B. Crew, com. May 21, 1863; pro. to surg. June 8, 1863. 2d Asst. Surg. Colin Spence, com. Aug. 19, 1862 ; res. May 28, 1863. Chaplain Rev. A. W. Beall, com. Aug. 26, 1862; res. Sept. 1, 1863. 1st Lieut. and Regt. Q.M.William G. Hall, com. Aug. 13, 1863 ; appointed regt. q.m., Nov. 1, 1864; res. Nov. 15, 1864; was 1st lieut. Co. E. COMPANY B. Capt. William A. Townsley, com. July 12, 1862 ; res. Aug. 5, 1863. Capt. James R. Vickers, com. June 28, 1862 ; 2d lieut. at enlistment ; pro. to 1st lieut. Co. I, 89th 0. V. I., Jan. 9, 1863; pro. to capt. Co. B, Jan. 18,1864, vice Townsley. 1st Lieut. Nehemiah Green, com. Aug. 8, 1862; 1st lieut. at enlistment; res. Jan. 27, 1863. lBt Lieut. Otho P. Fairfield, com. April 10, 1863 ; appointed 1st lieut. Jan. 27, 1863, vice Green ; died at Columbia, S. C, Oct. 8, 1864, while prisoner of war. 2d Lieut. Ezekiel Slade, enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; 2d lieut. at enlistment ; res. Jan. 27, 1863. 2d Lieut. John J. Barton, com. Aug. 24, 1863 ; private at enlistment; promoted, vice Slade ; res. April 18, 1864. 1st Sergt. John B. Hopkins, enl. July 14, 1862; appointed lBt sergt. from 2d sergt., May 27, 1863. Sergt. William J. Behymer, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; appointed sergt. from corp., Jan. 27,1863; exchanged prisoner of war at Columbus, 0. ; provision for hon orable discharge of this man. Corp. Henry B. Mattox, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; appointed corp. Sept. 1, 1862 ; ex changed prisoner of war at Columbus, 0. ; provision made for the honor able discharge of this man. Corp. Artemus D. Sutton, enl. Aug. 18, 1862 ; appointed corp. Sept. 1, 1862; ex changed prisoner of war at Columbus, 0. ; provision made for the honor able discharge of this man. Corp. Henry Her, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; appointed corp. April 30, 1863. Corp. Samuel P. Holland, enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; appointed corp. May 1, 1864. Corp. Joseph K. Ely, enl. Aug. 8, 1862; appointed corp. June 5, 1864. Corp. Thomas Jacobs, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; appointed corp. June 5, 1864. Charles 0. Bryan, enl. Aug. 8, 1862; exchanged prisoner of war; provision made for honorable discbarge of this man. 224 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. William R. Behymer, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. John Christoff, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. William 0. Curtis, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. John E. Compton, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Sylvester F. Duly, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Elisha L. Fagin, enl. July 26, 1862. Charles M. Gravis, enl. July 8, 1862. Andrew J. Kilgore, enl. Aug. 10, 1862. Philip Leach, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; sick at Indianapolis ; paroled prisoner of war ; provision made for honorable discharge. Gohram P. Leeds, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Sidney McAdams, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. James M. McRoberts, enl. Aug. 17, 1862. William McDonongh, enl. July 19, 1862. Joseph H. Monjar, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Peter Lukemires, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; sick in hospital, Camp Dennison, Ohio, since Feb. 9, 1865 ; provision made for honorable discharge of this man. William H. Peterson, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Edwin L. Peterson, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Fountain L. Peterson, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. William N. Sherman, enl. Aug. 14, 1862; sick in hospital, Camp Dennison, Ohio, since May31, 1864; provision for honorable discharge of this man. Enoch W. Smith, enl. Aug. 8, 1862; sick at Louisville, Ky., since June 14, 1863; provision made for honorable discharge of this man. Ephraim Short, enl. Aug. 14,1862; sick in hospital, Camp Dennison, Ohio, since Feb. 9, 1865 ; provision made for honorable discharge of this man. William II. White, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Charles Waits, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Benjamin F. Waits, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. John Waits, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Benjamin Woods, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Isaac D. Willis, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; sick at Alexandria, Va.; provision made for honorable discharge of this man. Killed in Battle. Corp. John W. Bragdon, enl". Aug. 11, 1862 ; killed in battle at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Hamilton McAdams, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; killed in battle at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Died, Francis M. Boyd, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; died at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 21, 1863. John W. Burnett. Aug. 3, 1862 ; died at Gallatin, Tenn., June 23, 1803. Benjamin E. Burnott, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; died at Nashville, Tenn , Oct. 10, 1863. James M. Bricker, onl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; died of wounds received at Mission Ridge, at Chattanooga, Tenn., Nov. 26, 1862. Peter H. Brunk, enl. Aug. 8, 1862; died at Louisville, Ky., Feb. 2, 1864. Daniel W. Crawford, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; died at Carthage, Tenn., March 15, '63. Joseph J. Cordry, enl. Aug. 7, 1862; died at Andersonville, Ca., while prisoner of war, Aug. 1, 1864. Samuel M. Eppert, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., while prisoner of war, May 1, 1864. Otho L. Hull, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; diod at Andersonville, Ga., while prisoner of war, April 27,1864. Corp. Milton Jones, enl. Aug. 14, 1862; died at Andersonville, Ga., while pris oner of war, Sept. 10, 1864. Sergt. John H. Jenkins, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; died of wounds at Chattanooga, Tenn., March 15, 1864. Andrew Leach, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; died at Big Shanty, Ga., of wounds, Jan. 19, 1864. Lafayette McDaniel, enl. July 24, 1862 ; died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. 17, 1864. Sergt. Otis Paten, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Corp. Wm. M. Riley, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; died at Andersonville, Ga., while pris oner, Sept. 14,1864. George L. Peterson, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 3, 1863. Sergt. Elijah M. Townsley, enl. Aug. 17, 1862; died at Andersonville, Ga., while prisoner of war, Aug. 3, 1864. Robert L. Vanosdol, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; died at Chattanooga, Tenn., of wounds Sept. 31, 1864. Abraham Winter, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; died at Carthage, Tenn., June 14, 1863. Samuel Weaver, enl. Aug. 14, 1862, diod at Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 23, 1864. Joseph P. West, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., while prisoner of war, July 29,1864. John II. Wright, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; died at Richmond, Va., while prisoner of war, Sept. 9, 1864. John A. Willis, enl. Aug. 11,1862; died at Danville, Va., while prisoner of war, April 23, 1864. George W. Agan, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. Sept. 23, 1863. Wesley R. Behymer, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; disch. Jan. 21, 1863, at Point PleaBant. Johu J. Barton, enl. Aug. 20, 1862; disch. and must. 2d lieut. Co B 89th 0 V.I. Randolph S. Boulware, enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; disch. March, 1864, Camp Dennison Ohio. William Cordrey, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; disch. at Camp Dennison, 0., Sept. 30, 1863. Sauford M. Curlis, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; disch. at Camp Dennison, 0., May 5, 1804.' Johu K. Brumagin, enl. July 19,1802; disch. at Louisville, Ky., for disability Nov. 16, 1803. William Dougher y, enl. Aug. 6, 1803 ; disch. at Camp Dennison, 0., Aug. 22 1864. ¦ ' "' Sergt. Otho P. Fairfield, enl. Aug. 11, 1802 ; disch. April 15, 1863. Joseph W. Homan, eul. Aug. 7, 1862 ; disch. at Louisville, Ky., July 18, 1864. George W. Hardin, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; disch. on surgeon's certificate, Nov. 7 1863, at Louisville, Ky. Charles Kain, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; disch. at Camp Dennison, 0., Nov. 28, 1863. Stephen G. Lindaey, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; disch. at Camp Rosecrans, Va., June 13, 1863. Alonzo P. McAdams, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; disch. at Camp Rusthedell, Va. Jan. 6, 1863. William Mattox, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; disch. by writ of habeas corpus (under age), March 21,1863. William H. McAdams, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. at Chattanooga, Tenn., on sur geon's certilicate, Dec. 28, 1863. Samuel Newberry, enl. Aug. 11, 1802 ; disch. at Camp Rosecrans, Va., Jan. 10 1863. Charles W. Raper, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; disch. at Camp Dennison, 0., May 30, 1863. Henry R. Rymell, enl. July 20, 1862 ; disch. on surgeon's certificate, at Louis ville, Ky., Oct. 29, 1863. Reuben Wood, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; disch. at Camp Rosecrans, Va., Jan. 10, 1803. Edmund Williams, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; disch. at Camp Dennison, 0., Sept. 24, 1863. John W. Ward, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; disch. at Gallatin, Tenn., March 31, 1864. Joshua M. Whittaker, enl. Aug. 4, 1862; diBch. at Ringgold, Ga., May 10, 1864, for disability. Transferred. John E. Clark, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, Aug. 12, 1863. John Fulton, enl. Aug 12, 1862; trans, to Invalid Corps, May 8, 1863. James M. Lyle, enl. Aug. 7, 1862; trans, to Invalid Corps, at Murfreesboro', Tenn., Feb. 14, 1864. John N. McMillen, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, Dec. 6, 1863. George M. Dewitt, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, Dec. 15, 1863. Melancthon Wait, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, Dec. 6, 1863, George W. Mason, enl. Aug. 4, 1862 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, Aug. 31, 1863. Jacob M. Cox, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; trans, to Invalid Corps, March 15, 1864. To be Transferred. Harmon B. York, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Emes M. Townsley, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. COMPANY F. Capt. Marcellus A. Leeds, com. July 29, 1862; res. May 20, 1863. Capt. Thomas H. B. Norris, com. June 22, 1863 ; was 1st lieut. Co. E ; pro. to capt., vice Leeds ; res. July 23, 1864. 1st Lieut. George W. Penn, com. July 29, 1862 ; died at Moscow, Ohio, Jan. 21, 1803. 1st Lieut. Elijah Hicks, com. April 16, 1863 ; pro. to 1st lieut., vice Penn, April 16, 1863; pro. to capt. March 16, 1864; trans, to Co. C, March 16, 1864. 1st Lieut. Dudley King, com. March 30, 1864; died near Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 13, 1864; pro. to 1st lieut., vice Hicks; was 2d lieut. Co. K; app. from 1st sergt. to 1st lieut. Co. F ; was 1st sergt. of Co. K. 1st Lieut. Solomon Stockey, com. Aug. 13, 1864 ; must, out on separate rolls. 2d Lieut. Elijah Hicks, com. Aug. 20, 1862 ; pro. to 1st lieut. April 16,1863. 2d Lieut. John S. Robinson, com. April 26,1863; app. from 1st Bergt. to 2d lieut., vice Hicks ; pro. March 16, 1863. 1st Sergt. George W. Temple, enl. July 29, 1862 ; app. corp. April 7, 1864; pro. to sergt. Sept. 1, 1804 ; pro. to 1st sergt. Oct. 26, 1864. Sergt. Abner D. Fagin, enl. July 29, 1862 ; app. from corp. to sergt., Sept. 1, 1863. Sergt. iBaac P. Tedrow, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; app. sergt. Aug. 22, 1862. Sergt. Thomas M. Ireton, enl. Aug. 10, 1862 ; app. corp. Aug. 22, 1862 ; to sergt. April 7, 1864. Sergt. John D. Gatch, enl. Aug 16, 1862 ; app. corp. Aug. 16, 1864; to sergt Jan. 1, 1865. Corp. William A. Homan, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; app. corp. May 20, 1863 ; exchanged prisoner of war. Corp. Charles B. HopkinB, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; app. corp. Sept. 1, 1863; exchanged prisoner of war. Corp. Jacob G. Brunk, enl. July 29, 1862 ; app. corp. Jan. 1, 1865. Corp. Robert L. Fagin, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; app. corp. Jan. 1, 1865. Corp. John D. Light, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; app. Corp. Jan. 1, 1866. Corp. Livingston T. Perrine, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; app. Corp. Jan. 1, 1865. Musician Joseph R. Wills, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Hiram T. Bonar, enl. Aug. 2, 1862. George M. Bonar, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Martin Bonar, enl. Aug'. 2, 1862 ; sick at Wilmington/N. 0, since Feb. 20, 1865. William Canierer, enl. July 29, 1862. Lafayette Chapman, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. James A. Clark, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. John E. Carter, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. George E. Dalie, enl. July 29, 1862. George G. Doughty, enl. Aug. 4, 1862 ; exchanged prisoner. Frederick Deeds, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; sick at Nashville, Tenn., siuce'Feb. 25,1804. Samuel T. Doleu, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. William R. Demeris, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Charles S. Dillingham, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. MILITARY HISTORY 225 Charles M. Hunt, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Howard Husted, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; exchanged prisoner. Lewis Halfhill, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. William C. Johnson, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Edward B. Leeds, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Charles N. Lowe, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Edward B. Myric, enl. Aug. 2, 1862; Bick at Nashville, Tenu., since July 27, 1864. Thomas J. Miller, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. John Miller, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Joseph Pingle, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. William J. Rodgeis, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. John W. Simmons, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Turpen Starks, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Wm. W. Swing, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Frederick Terwilliger, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Wesley S. Turton, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. George B. Tedrow, enl. Aug. 14, 1862; exchanged prisoner. James Viers, enl. July 29, 1862. Chambers Varmer, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Joseph K. Wills, enl. Aug. 22, 1862; Bick at Camp Dennison, Ohio, since May 13, 1864. Killed. Sergt. John Kehm, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Missing in Action. James W. Hicks, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; missing at Chickamauga, since Sept. 20, 1863. Died of Disease. 1st Sergt. Oliver S. Robinson, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; died at Murfreesboro', Tenn., July 30, 1863. 1st Sergt. Alonzo 0. Bennett, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; died in prison at Danville, Va., Feb. 1, 1864. Sergt. Oliver C. Temple, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; died in prison at Richmond, Va., Jan. 1, 1864. Corp. John F. Brown, enl. Aug. 8, 1862; died in prison at Danville, Va., Dec. 20, 1863. Corp. William Viers, enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; died in prison at Richmond, Va., Dec. 1, 1864. John Bennett, enl. Aug. 22, 1862 ; died at Cowen Station, Tenn., Oct. 1, 1863. John W. Dunseth, enl. Aug. 8, 1862; died at Amelia, Ohio, March 22, 1864. Wm. B. French, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; drowned at Ringgold, Ga., May 2, 1864. Isaac D. Fagin, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; died in prison at Danville, Va., April 21, '64. Joseph Justice, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; died of wounds received in battle of Mission Ridge, Ga., Dec. 27, 1863. Frank Logan, enl. July 31, 1862 ; died in prison at Andersonville, Ga., May 30, 1864. George M. Leeds, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; died in prison at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 26, 1863. David Light, enl. Aug. 10, 1862 ; died at Camp Dennison, Ohio, March 20, 1863. John R. Lawyer, enl. Aug. 22, 1862 ; died in prison at Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 30, 1864. Charles J. Middleton, enl. Aug. 2, 1862 ; drowned at Carthage, Tenn., March 26, 1863. John L. Dorter, enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; died at Ringgold, Ga., Feb. 25, 1864. Allen J. Smith, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; died in prison at Danville, Va., Sept. 1, 1864. Dewitt W. Slye, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; died at Deeberd Station, Tenn., July 28, '63. Charles W. Tucker, enl. July 31, 1862; died at Camp Fenwick, Va., Jan. 5, 1863. George Troub, enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; died at Annapolis, Md., July 15, 1864. Wm. L. Turton, enl. Aug. 1, 1862 ; died in prison at Danville, Va., Feb. 10, 1864. Ramoth L. Wheidden, enl. Aug. 6,1862; died at Nashville, Tonn., Sept. 2, 1863. Allen Winans, enl. Aug. 22, 1862; died at Carthage, Tenn., May 28, 1863. Discliarged. Elisha L. Bennett, enl. Aug. 20, 1862; disch. at Louisvillo, Ky., May 25, 1863. Wm. C. Cooms, enl. July 29, 1862 ; disch. at Gallatin, Tenn., Dec. 28, 1863. Albert L. Davis, enl. Aug. 7, 1862; disch. at Cincinnati, Ohio, April 25, 1863. John Floro, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; disch. at Gallatin, Tenn., Jan. 7, 1864. Wm. T. Gatcb, enl. Aug. 22, 1862; disch. at Nashville, Tenn., April 16, 1863. Robert B. Jeffries, enl. Aug. 7, 1862; disch. at Covington, Ky., March 24, 1865. Corydon S. McClain, enl. July 29, 1862; disch. at Chattanooga, Tenn., Dec. 28, 1864. William McCoy, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; disch. at Cincinnati, Ohio, March 14, 1863. George W. Sapp, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; disch. at Gallatin, Tenn., Dec. 15, 1863. Thomas C. Smith, enl. Aug. 19, 1862; disch. at Covington, Ky., Sept. 12, 1862. Jonathan Tompkins, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; disch. at Nashville, Tenn., April 12, 1863. 1st Sergt. John S. Robinson, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; disch. to accept promotion as 2d lieut., April 16,'l863. Transferred. 1st Sergt. Sylvester T. Prentice, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; app. corp. Sept. 1, 1863; to sergt. Sept. 20, 1863; to 1st sergt. April 7,1864; app. 1st lieut. Oct. 26, 1864; trans, to Co. K, Oct. 26, 1864. Sergt. Israel Higbee, enl. July 29, 1862 ; trans, to V. R. C, Nov. 1, 1863. Sergt. Horas K. Dolan, enl. July 7, 1862; trans, to V. R. C, Nov. 1, 1863. Corp. James G. Dawson, enl. July 9, 1862 ; trans, to V. R. C, March 15, 1864. Corp. JeSBe M. Simpkins, enl. July 7, 1862 ; trans, to V. R. C, March 15, 1864. 29 John T. Archerd,enl. July 29, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, May 1, 1864. Samuel Apple, enl. Aug. 7, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, March 31, 1864. David Bruuk, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, Nov. 1, 1864. Olin Coombs, enl. July 29, 1862; trans, to regimental field and staff officers as q.m.-8ergt., Sept. 13, 1864. Jediah Doughty, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, Nov. 1, 1864. Wm, G. Hall, onl. Aug. 13, 1862; tranB. to regimental field and staff officers as q.m.-sergt., Sept. 13, 1864. Albert W. Huling, enl. Aug. 8, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, Jan. 15, 1864. Win. 11. Smith, enl. Aug. 7, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, Jan. 15, 1864. William Towner, enl. Aug. 4, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, Jan. 15, 1864. Isaac Smith, enl. Jan. 11, 1865 ; trans, to 31st 0. V. V. Inf., June 5, 1865. COMPANY G. Capt. William Haigbt, com. July 26, 1862; res. at Carthage, Tenu., April 25,'63. 1st Lieut. Oliver C. Gatch, com. July 29, 1862; pro. to capt., May 24, 186), vice Haight, res. 1st Lieut. Granville Jackson, com. May 24, t863 ; pro. to 1st lieut. vice Gatch ; was 2d lieut. same company; killed in action, Sept. 20, 1863. 1st Lieut. Edward S. Scott, com. March 30, 1864 ; pro. to 1st lieut. vice Jackson, trans, to field and staff, Oct. 28, 1864. 1st Lieut. Joseph B. Foraker, com. March 4, 1864 ; trans, from field and staff, Co. G, 89th Ohio Vol. Inf , Oct. 28, 1864. 2d Lieut. Granville Jackson, com. Aug. 14, 1862 ; pro. to 1st lieut., May 24, 1863, vice Gatcb. 2d Lieut. Edward S. Scott, com. May 24, 1863; app. 2d lieut. vice Jackson, pro. May 24, 1863 ; was 1st sergt. same company. 1st Sergt. Joseph Chany, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Sergt. Josephus H. Hall, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Sergt. 'George Thomshurg, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Sergt. Elliott McKinnie, onl. Aug. 7, 1862. Sergt. Jesse^T. McClave, enl. Aug. 7, 18G2 ; app. sergt. vice Smith, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Corp. Rufus P. Robins, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Corp. Samuel Wood, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; sick since June 10, 1864, at Camp Den nison, Ohio. Corp. James M. Combs, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; wounded ; absent since Nov. 25, 1863, at Camp Dennison, Ohio. Corp. Robert P. Barber, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Corp. John P. Glordin, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; app. corp. March 1, 1865. Corp. Albert J. Gibbs, onl. Aug. 9, 1862. Corp. John M. Miller, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Wallace Boyer, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; Bick at Camp Chase, Ohio, since Mar. 20, '65 . Preston Bishop, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Wesley Brunk, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Anilseh Balzhauser, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. James Cook, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Samuel Cromer, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Michael Duber, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Thomas J. Doghman, enl. Aug. 4, 1862; wounded; absent since Sept. 20, 1863, at Goshen, Ohio. Nathaniel Day, eul. Aug. 4, 1862. Tubal Elliott, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Frederick D. Font, enl. Aug. 4, 1862; absent sick since May 6, 1865, at Camp Dennison, Ohio. Robert Fowler, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Francis M. Glancy, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Barton Hill, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. John D. Hosnor, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. David R. Irvin, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Osen Isham, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. David Isham, enl. Aug. 12, 1862; pris. of war since Sept. 20, 1863. John Kameneser, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Amos Little, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. William McAndrews, enl. Aug. 12, 1862; wounded ; absent since Sept. 20, '63. John W. McGrew, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; absent sick since April 31, 1865. William McGorrey, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Joseph McGorrey, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Smith McKinney, enl. Aug. 7, 1862; wounded; absent since July 23, 1864. Elias Moler, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; sick ; absent since March 27, 1865. Joseph Predmore, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; pris. of war since Dec. 1, 1864. Alexander Powell, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Michael Taul, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Ichabod W. Patterson, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. William H. H. Runyau, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. William South, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. George P. Scott, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. George Simkins, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Zebinia Simpkins, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Certland Smith, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; absent sick since May 24, 1865. Thomas Sly, enl Aug. 15, 1862 ; prisoner of war since Sept. 20, 1803. John Shumard, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Samuel J. Scott, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. John L. Smisor, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; absent sick since April 7, 1865. Theodore R. Wangher, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. John Washburn, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; absent sick since June 4, 1863, at Louis ville, Ky. 226 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Francis M. Wood, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Andrew Whitaker, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Warren F. Williams, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Andrew Willis, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Killed in Action. David Morrison, enl. Aug. 12, 1862; killed at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Joseph D. Smith, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; killed at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Samuel Smith, enl. Aug. 14, 1862; killed on the field in Georgia, July 20, 1864. William Vancamp, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; killed at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Theodore N. Vaughn, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; killed at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Silas Weaver, enl. Aug. 12, 1862; killed at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Died. Osborn Cooper, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., March 29, 1864, of pneumonia. Josiah Clayton, enl. Aug. 12, 1862; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 28, 1864, of dysentery. Jacob Conover, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; died at Murfreesboro', Tenn., June 28, 1863, of inflammation of the brain. Henry Hoisted, enl. Aug. 12, 1862; died at Nashville, Tenn., April 22, 1863, of consumption. Elias S. Hill, enl. Aug. 14, 1862; died at Andersonville, Ga., June 3, 1863, of scorbutus. William Little, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., March 6, 1863, of pneumonia. William B. Terkins, enl. Aug. 8, 1862 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 26, 1864, of scorbutus. William Patterson, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; died at NaBhville, Tenn., March 3, 1863, of erysipelas. Harvey Shumard, enl. Aug. 1, 1862 ; died at home in Ohio, Oct. 22, 1862, of typhoid fever. Granville Shumard, enl. Aug. 15, 1862; died at Charleston, S. C, Dec. 4, 1864, of scorbutus. John D. Sly, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., March 11, 1863, of pneumonia. Albert Shields, enl. Aug. 15, 1862; died at Nashville, Tenn., July 20, 1863, of fever. Josiah Sloan, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; died at Murfreesboro', Tenn., July 15, 1863, of typhoid fever. Sampson Thompson, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; died at Gallatin, Tenn., June 22, 1863. John F. Ebennally, enl. Aug. 9, 1862; died at Andersonville, Ga,, Oct. 18, 1864. Lucius G. Wainright, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 3, 1864, of scorbutus. William Williamson, enl. Aug. 8,1862; died at Camp Ferwick, Va., Dec. 23, 1862, of typhoid fever. John W. McLefresh, enl. Aug. 11, 1862; died at Danville, Va., May 27, 1864, of scorbutus. Discharged. 1st Sergt. Edward S. Scott, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; disch. at MurfreeBboro', Tenn., May 24, 1863. Jacob Andrew, enl. Aug. 4, 1862 ; disch. at Columbus, Ohio, May 24, 1865. Corp. Joseph Dunre, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; disch. at LouiBville, Ky., May 20, 1863. Jacob Laymon, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; disch. at Camp Dennison, Ohio, June 20, 1863. Eli Rust, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; disch. at Carthage, Tenn., May 24, 1863. Arnold Snider, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; disch. at Camp Dennison, Ohio, June 20, 1863. John W. White, enl. Aug. 6, 1862 ; disch. at Carthage, Tenn., May 28, 1863. Corp. John Wood, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; diBch. at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 27, 1863. Wesley Tomig, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 ; disch. at Camp Dennison, Ohio, Dec. 18, 1863. 1st Sergt. Joseph C. Oliver, enl. Aug. 4, 1862; disch. iu the field, Georgia, Aug. 12 , 1864, to receive appointment. Transferred. George M. Burge, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, April 30, 1864. Alexander Clawin, enl. Aug. 15, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. George Fleming, enl. Aug. 5, 1862 ; trans, to Co. D, 89th Ohio. Lawrence Oligee, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, April 20, 1864. Sergt. Randolph E. Smith, enl. Aug. 10, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, Dec. 3, 1864. William S. Thacker, enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; trans, to Yet. ReB. Corps, April 22, 1864. Vincire W. Wainright, enl. Aug. 12, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, Oct. 20, 1863. Prisoners of War. Sergt. Cory Thornsburg, enl. Aug. 7, 1862; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863. Sergt. Elliott McKinnie, enl. Aug. 9, 1862 ; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863. David l6ham, enl. Aug. 13, 1862; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863. Thomas Slye, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; prisoner since Sept. 20, 1863. JoBeph C. Predmore, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 ; prisoner since Dec. 4, 1864. To he Transferred. Robert K. Chapman, enl. Aug. 12, 1862; tranB. to 31st 0. V. V. I., June 5 1865. NINETY-THIRD OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY COMPANY I. Henry R. Wheeler, enl. Aug. 5, 1862; in hospital at Madison, Ind.; was wounded at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1804. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY I. Thomas Fiscus, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SEVENTH NA TIONAL GUARDS INFANTRY. COMPANY D. John J. Bryant, enl. May 2, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SIXTH OHIO NA TIONAL GUARDS INFANTRY. COMPANY C. Adolph Pouch, enl. May 2, 1864. FIFTY-THIRD OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY (NATIONAL GUARD). This regiment was organized at Camp Dennison, May 12, 1864, for one hundred days, and at once left for Harper's Ferry, Va. The greater part of May and June was con sumed by the regiment in doing guard duty at that place and along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. In the latter part of June it was sent to Gen. Butler's forces at Bermuda Hundred, and was there engaged in guard and picket duty. A detachment of the regiment was engaged with the enemy at North Mills, July 3, 1864, where several men were killed. The regiment was brought home the latter part of July, and mustered out of the service at Camp Chase. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. Col. Israel Stough (not of Clermont County), com. May 10, 1864. Col. Geo. W. Hulick, com. May 10, 1804. Lieut.-Col. MarcelluB A. Leeds, com. May 10, 1864. Maj. Z. South, com. May 10, 1864. Sergt. Jehu S. Combs, enl. May 10, 1864. AsBt. Sergt. John 0. Marsh, enl. May 10, 1804. Chaplain Lucien Clark, com. May 10, 1864. 1st Lieut, and Adjt. E. A. Parker, com. May 10, 1864. 1st Lieut, and Q.M. S. S. Robinson, com. May 10, 1864. Sergt. T. D. Hartman, enl. May 2, 1864. Q.M.-Sergt. C. N. Browning, enl. May 2, 1864. Com.-Sergt. J. C. Weaver, enl. May 2, 1864. Com.-Sergt. J. W. Wood, enl. May 2, 1864. COMPANY A. Capt. Thomas W. Rathbone, com. July 7, 1803 ; res. as maj. of 34th 0. V. Oct. 10, 1862 ; was prisoner of war, and was disch. Nov. 18, 1864. 1st Lieut. John W. Hunt, com. July 13, 1803. 2d Lieut. William Pease, com. July 13, 1863. 1st Sergt. William W. Ricker, enl. July 7, 1863. Sergt. William H. Thomas, enl. July 13, 1863. Sergt. Joseph T. Wheeler, enl. Sept. 5, 1863. Corp. John F. Townsley, eul. July 13, 1863. Corp. Jerome Behymer, enl. July 13, 1863. Corp. William W. HopkinB, enl. July 13, 1863. Corp. William B. Dban, enl. July 7, 1863. Corp. Oliver P. Behymer, enl. July 7, 1863. Mub. Isaac Short, enl. July 13, 1863. Mus. William H. Avey, enl. July 13, 1863. Frank Apple, enl. Aug. 22, 1863. Nathaniel Behymer, enl. July 7, 1863. Walter Behymer, enl. July 13, 1863. Clarington Behymer, enl. July 13, 1863. Aaron S. Behymer, enl. July 13, 1863. Samuel J. Behymer, enl. July 13, 1863. Levias Behymer, enl. Aug. 22, 1863. Levi Behymer, enl. May 4, 1864. Theodore I. Barton, onl. July 7, 1863. Erin Cole, enl. July 13, 1861. Joseph P. Clark, enl. May 4, 1863. Nelson F. Clark, eul. May 4, 1864. MILITARY HISTORY. 227 John Cross, enl. July 13, 1863. James Dillon, enl. Sept. 5, 1863. Maurice Dolen, enl. Sept. 5, 1863. George R. Ebersole, enl. Aug. 15, 1863. John M. Eppert, enl. July 7, 1863. JameB P. Fagin, enl. July 13, 1863. William W. Hunt, enl. July 13, 1863. George W. Hutchins, enl. Aug. 22, 1863. John W. Hutchins, enl. Aug. 22, 1863. Francis M. Hill, enl. May 5, 1864. Thomas S. Kilgour, onl. July 13, 1863. Jesse D. Knabb, eul. July 13, 1863. William W. Lewis, enl. May 5, 1864. Benjamin Mattox, enl. July 7, 1863. James Nash, enl. July 13, 1863. John Pease, enl. Aug. 22, 1863. Jared Pease, enl. May 10, 1864. David L. Reeves, enl. July 13, 1863. James P. Reeves, enl. July 13, 1863. Isaac W. Rilea, enl. July 13, 1863. John Siliker, enl. July 13, 1863. Ebenezer Stebbins, enl. July 13, 1863. Samuel II. Stewart, enl. July 13, 1863. William H. Simons, enl. July 13, 1863. Philotus Simons, enl. July 13, 1863. Lewis W. Thomas, enl. July 13, 1863. John Wagoner, enl. July 7, 1863. John Wein, enl. July 13, 1803. Frank Zillah, enl. July 7, 1863. Charles Houck, enl. July 7, 1803. Jacob Keinath, enl. July 13, 1863. Frederick Krouso, enl. July 13, 1863. William Luick, enl. July 13, 1863. Andrew Lillick, enl. Sept. 29, 1863. COMPANY B. Capt. Lawyer M. Bickmore, com. July 8, 1863. 1st Lieut. Parley P. Hadley, com. July 8, 1863. 2d Lieut. James B. Johnson, com. July 8, 1863. Sergt. John Beckwith, enl. July 8, 1863. Sergt. Ambrose Nott, enl. July 8, 1863. Sergt. James H. Whitaker, enl. July 8, 1863. Sergt. Joy Hodgen, enl. July 8, 1863. Sergt. Albert B. Snell, enl. July 8, 1863. Corp. Samuel Monce, enl. July 8, 1863. Corp. George Orebaugh, enl. July 8, 1863. Corp. Erastus H. McNutt, enl. July 8, 1863. Corp. James Snell, enl. July 8, 1863. Corp. Nathan C. Nichols, enl. July 8, 1863. Corp. Samuel Moyer, enl. July 8, 1863. Corp. John Needham, enl. July 8, 1863. Musician William Holloway, enl. July 8, 1863. Musician Barton Orr, enl. July 8, 1863. William Allen, enl. July 8, 1863. Davison Applegate, enl. July 8, 1863. William Applegate, enl. July 8, 1863. John Barr, enl. July 8, 1863. Moses Beckwith, enl. July 8, 1863. Mark Brothers, enl. July 8, 1863. James Calder, enl. July 8, 1863. W. J. Carr, enl. July 8, 1863. Arthur E. Clark, enl. July 8, 1868. Harmon Cover, enl. July 8, 1863. Daniel Cover, enl. July 8, 1863. Benjamin D. Cramer, enl. July 8, 1863. Samuel Cnrlis, enl. July 8, 1863. William Curies, enl. July 8, 1863. Marshall G. Dickey, enl. July 8, 1863. John Foster, onl. July 8, 1863. Alfred Ferree, enl. July 8, 1863. Frank Glancy, enl. July 8, 1863. Thomas Goldtrap, enl. July 8, 1863. George Griswold, enl. July 8, 1863. Samuel S. Griswold, enl. July 8, 1803. Nicholas Guitteau, enl. July 8, 1863. Minor T. Hadley, enl. July 8, 1863. Caleb L. Hadley, enl. July 8, 1863. Christopher D. Hartman, enl. July 8, 1863. Allen Holmes, enl. July 8, 1863. Cornelius E. Holmes, enl. July 8, 1863. John Hunter, enl. July 8, 1863. Phineas Hurst, enl. July 8, 1863. Jefferson Hurst, enl. July 8, 1863. B. F. Hutchinson, enl. July 8, 1863. E. J. HutchinBon, enl. July 8, 1863. Azariah Hutchinson, enl. July 8, 1863. Erastus C. Ireton, enl. July 8, 1863. Robert Ireton, enl. July 8, 1863. Richard Kyle, enl. July 8, 1863. James Looker, enl. July 8, 1863. Kibby H. Moyer, enl. July 8, 1863. Victor Nicklas, enl. July 8, 1863. Robert Nell, enl. July 8, 1863. Alfred Orebaugh, enl. July 8, 1863. Eli Orebaugh, enl. July 8, 1863. Alexander Patterson, enl. July 8, 1803. Milton Patterson, enl. July 8, 1863. Alfred N. Prickett, enl. July 8, 1863. Jacob Rapp, enl. July 8, 1863. H. S. Reynolds, onl. July 8, 1863. John Roj-ce, enl. July 8, 1863. Elias C. Runyan, enl. July 8, 1863. Henry J. Runyan, enl. July 8, 1863. Samuel Runyan, enl. July 8, 1863. James Sadller, enL July 8, 1863. Peter Shumard, enl. July 8, 1863. Richard Shumard, enl. July 8, 1863. Henry Smith, enl. July 8, 1863. Andrew J. South, enl. July 8, 1803. James Slyinets, enl. July 8, 1863. Elias Tice, enl. July 8, 1863. James Turner, enl. July 8, 1863. William Turner, enl. July 8, 1863. Jonah Vanhorn, enl. July 8, 1863. Francis A. Waits, enl. July 8, 1863. Thomas White, enl. July 8, 1863. Francis M. White, enl. July 8, 1863. Ansel White, ei>l. July 8, 1863. William H. Willis, enl. July 8, 1863. Thomas Whitaker, enl. May 10, 1863. Thomas K. Ellis, enl. May 10, 1863. Arthur A. Wood, enl. May 10, 1863. Thomas Needham, enl. May 10, 1863. Thomas Yancamp, enl. May 10, 1863. COMPANY C. Capt. John McNeill, com. July 4, 1863. 1st Lieut. L. W. Frazier, com. July 4, 1863 ; killed in skirmish at North River Mills, July 3,1864. 2d Lieut. W. A. Frambes, com. July 4, 1863. Sergt. W. F. Landon, eul. July 4, 1863. Sergt E. R. Salt, enl. July 6, 1863. Sergt. L. W. Pemberton, enl. July 6, 1863. Sergt. W. F. Crane, enl. July 6, 1863. Sergt. Michael Altman, enl. July 6, 1863. Corp. John McMurchy, enl. July 6, 1863. Corp. Robert McNair, enl. July 6,1863. Corp. John Mofford, enl. July 8, 1863. Corp. G. M. Pemberton. Corp. Perry S. Mace. Corp. Archibald McNair, onl. April 30, 1864. Corp. John R. Altman, enl. July 8, 1863. Corp. James Boulware, enl. July 10, 1863. Aaron Armacost, enl. July 11, 1863. Philip Altman. G. W. Anderson. W. B. Anderson. Edward Austin, enl. May 2, 1864. W. A. Altman, enl. July 11, 1863. Frederick Burk, enl. July 11, 1863. Randolph Boggess, enl. July 11, 1863. Jordon Boggess, enl. July 11, 1863. Frank Brush, enl. July 11, 1863. J. B Brown, enl. July 11, 1863. A. E. L. Bess, enl. July 11, 1863. Kelly Burke, eul. July 11, 1863. Piatt Brooks, enl. July 11, 1863. George Brown, enl. July 11, 1863. William S. Crane, enl. July 11, 1863. Albert Crane, enl. July 11, 1863. Isaac Clark, enl. May 2, 1864. James Carter, enl. July 11, 1863. Phineas Carter, enl. July 11, 1863. James Clare, enl. July 11, 1863. M. W. Fagley, enl. July 11, 1863. J. N. Fisher, enl. July 7, 1863. Oliver Frazee, enl. July 4, 1863. W. W. Ford, enl. April 24, 1864. S. P. Fisher, enl. July 4, 1863. G. W. Gravitt, enl. July 12, 1863. W. M. Gravitt, enl. July 12, 1863. Frank Huffman, Sanford Hollyday, A. H. Holton, James Hollyday, Jackson Harris. Jacob Hutchison, enl. May 10, 1864. 228 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Leander Her, enl. May 2, 1864. M. H. Kirk, enl. July 14, 1863. E. C. Kindle, enl. May 2, 1864. J. A. Lang, enl. July 14, 1863. James McNair, enl. July 14, 1863. John McNair, enl. July 14, 1863. J. B. McClain, enl. May 2, 1864. James McMurchy, enl. July 14, 1863. Thomas E. Miller, enl. July 14, 1863. William Malloy, enl. July 14, 1863. R. H. Oxley, enl. May 2, 1864. J. A. Palmer, enl. July 4, 1863. C. J. Bice, enl. July 4, 1863. W. D. Rutherford, enl. July 4, 1863. J. D. Raper, enl. July 4, 1863. T. J. Rodgers, erd. July 4, 1863. James Rutherford, enl. May 2, 1864. P. W. Smith, enl. May 4, 1864. Adam Snyder, enl. July 4, 1863. Oliver Sims, enl. July 4, 1863. J. Q. Sanders, enl. July 4, 1863. 0. J. Scott, enl. May 10, 1864. H. T. Scott, enl. May 10, 1864. G. M. Scott, enl. May 10, 1864. John Smith, enl. May 10, 3864. James South, enl. May 10, 1864. Jacob Sims, enl. May 10, 1864. William M. Tompkins, enl. July 1, 1863. JoBiah Tice, enl. July 1, 1863. B. F. Tatman, enl. July 1, 1863. Elijah Tatman, enl. July 1, 1863. John Tatman, enl. July 1, 1863. G. W. Tatman, enl. July 1, 1863. Josephus Test, enl. July 1, 1863. COMPANY D. Capt. A. McNair, Jr , com. July 2, 1863. 1st Lieut. W. E. Nichols, com. July 2, 1863. 2d Lieut. James U. Scott, com. July 17,1863. Sergt. James II. Brannon, enl. July 2, 1863. Sergt. John M. Flannagan, enl. July 2, 1863. Sergt. B. L. Winans, enl. July 2, 1863. Sergt. Joseph Ernst, enl. July 2, 1863. Sergt. Thomas Sargent, enl. July 2, 1863. Corp. J. Wesley Simmons, onl. July 2, 1863. Corp. Charles Hancock, enl. July 2, 1863. Corp. G. W. Lakin, enl. July 2, 1863. Corp. Hugh McNair, enl. July 4, 1863. Corp. John L. Barkiey, enl. July 4, 1863. Corp. William F. Hewit, enl. July 4, 1863. Corp. J. N. Brown, enl. July 4, 1863. Corp. W. H. Altman, enl. July 4, 1863. Musician Benjamin Placard, enl. April 25,1864. Musician John McClain, enl. May 2, 1864. W. B. Altman, enl. July 2, 1863. J. B. Archard, enl. July 2, 1863. George F. Armacost, enl. July 2, 1863. T. J. Ashley, enl. May 2, 1864. N. C. Bainum, enl. July 2, 1863. F. E. Bottle, enl. July 2, 1863. C. N. Browning, enl. July 2, 1863. I6aac Bainum, enl. July 2,1863. Hyman Baker, onl. July 2, 1863. G. W. Cook, enl. July 2, 1863. Samuel Cooper, enl. July 5, 1863. Alexander Dunn, eul. July 2, 1863. Josephus Donley, enl. July 2, 1863. Wilson Day, enl. July 2, 1863. Elisha W. Day, enl. July 2, 1863. Owen W. Davis, enl. July 2, 1863. Edward F. Donley, enl. April 25, 1864. Robert Florer, enl. July 4, 1863. Lewis Gelvin, enl. July 5, 1863. Thomas D. Husted, enl. July 5, 1863. William Hillis, enl. May 1, 1864. Christopher JoneB, enl. July 4,1863. John Knowles, enl. July 4, 1863, Samuel Light, enl. July 1 , 1863. Samuel Leeds, eol. July 4, 1863. Benjamin D. LakiD, enl. July 2, 1863. John R. Lakin, enl. July 4, 1863. Darius Littleton, enl. July 2, 1863. John H. Laney, enl. July 4, 1863. William McNair, enl. Jnly 4, 1863. John MeLane, eul. July 2, 1863. Arcby McMurchy, enl. July 4, 1863. Emery McKee, enl. July 4, 1863. John Means, enl. July 4, 1863. John P. Nichols, enl. Jnly 4, 1863. William A. Nichols, enl. July 4, 1863. William Porter, Sr., enl. July 4, 1863. William Porter, Jr., enl. July 4, 1863. Thomas L. Placard, enl. July 4, 1863. Marion Placard, enl. July 4,1863. Julius Paltz, enl. July 4, 1863. James F. Prather, enl. July 4, 1863. Sampson Peppers, enl. July 4, 1863. John Placard, enl. July 4, 1863. Wesley Purkiser, enl. May 2, 1864. Wesley Peddicord, enl. May 7, 1864. Joseph Rogers, enl. July 2, 1864. Randolph F. Rush, enl. July 2, 1864. David Rush, eul. July 2, 1864. Michael C. Riley, enl. May 2, 1864. William D. Simmons, enl. July 30, 1864. John B. Simmons, enl. July 4, 1864. John W. Swick, enl. July 4, 1864. George Sargent, enl. July 2, 1864. John Stall, enl. July 2, 1864. John F. Stairs, enl. July 4, 1864. George M. Simmons, enl. July 2, 1864. Almetus F. Simmons, enl. April 1, 1864. George W. Townsley, enl. July 2, 1863. William Tucker, enl. May 2, 1864. Lyman Wood, enl. July 2, 1863. Enos Waits, enl. July 2, 1863. Harvey Walker, enl. May 7, 1864. George S. Zugg, enl. July 2, 1863. B. F. Zugg. enl. July 2, 1863. Wm. R. Hancock, enl. July 2, 1863. Andrew J. Cramer, enl. July 12, 1863. James Binkley, enl. July 2, 1863. COMPANY G. Capt. William Johnson, com. June 30, 1863. 1st Lieut. Ezekiel Slade, com. July 7, 1863. 2d Lieut. Oliver P. McAdams, com. July 24, 1863. 1st Sergt. Andrew J. Sweet, enl. July 22, 1863. Sergt. Stephen S. Walker, enl. July 24, 1863. Sergt. John B. Gillespie, enl. July 20, 1863. Sergt. William Dennis, enl. Jnly 23, 1863. Sergt. Louis Deel, enl. July 23, 1863. Corp. Benjamin S. Pool, enl. Aug. 17, 1863. Corp. William A. Kain, enl. July 24, 1863. Corp. John H. Belt, enl. July 25, 1863. Corp. Saml. Ireton, enl. July 14, 1863. Corp. Jonathan Baldwin, enl. June 30,1863. Corp. DyonisiuB Ross, enl. April 10, 1864. Corp. William G. Homan, enl. Jnly 23, 1863. Corp. Thomas D. Still, enl. July 24, 1863. W. L. Boulware, enl. July 24, 1863. De Witt C. Boyd, enl. July 23, 1863. John K. Boyd, eul. July 24, 1863. Samuel Bebee, enl. May 2, 1864. John Curlis, Jr., enl. July 22, 1863. Asher Curlis, Jr., enl. July 22, 1863. Andrew J. Curlis, enl. July 22, 1863. William H. Curlis, enl. July 22, 1863. Timothy G. Curlis, enl. July 22, 186:!. William R. Chatterton, enl. July 23, 1863. Edwin D. Curlis, enl. May 9, 1864. Lewis G. Danberry, enl. July 24, 1863. William H. Day, enl. July 24, 1863. Elisha F. Day, enl. July 22, 1863. Samuel Davison, enl. July 22, 1863. John Doughty, enl. May 7, 1864. William H. Everhart, enl. July 25, 1863. Lemuel W. Franklin, enl. July 24, 1863. Nehemiah Green, enl. July 26, 1863. Christopher W. Homan, enl. July 23, 1863. Thomas Homan, enl. July 23, 1863. Jas. D. Homan, enl. July 7, 1863. Arthur I. Hodges, enl. July 23, 1863.. Daniel K. Hardin, enl. July 22, 1863. k Joseph K. Hardin, enl . July 11, 1863. \ John M. Hardin, enl. May 2, 1864. ^Alexander Ireton, enl. July 24, 1863. Wrancis M. Kain, enl. July 23, 1863. Daniel Kain, enl. May 2, 1864. John F. Lukemires, enl. Jnly 22, 1863. Stephen B. Lewis, enl. July 24, 1863. Dennis Ludlow, enl. July 22, 1863. Daniel McMillen, enl. May 2, 1864. Harnson Moyer, enl. July 22, 1863. MILITARY HISTORY. 229 William Morgan, enl. July 22, 1863. Perry McColIum, enl. July 23, 1863. Malcolm M. McColIum, enl. July 21, 1S63. Charles B. Myrick, enl. July 24, 1863. Homer McLain, enl. July 24, 1863. William Mondey, enl. July 24,1863. Lorenzo D. Malott, enl. July 24, 1863. Zephaniah Maxfleld, enl. July 23, 1863. Israel N. Morgan, enl. July 23, 1863. Jonas Nuunemaker, enl. July 24, 1863. Thomas Patterson, enl. July 7, 1863. Robert B. Parker, enl. July 21, 1863. John D. Rodgers, enl. July 22, 1863. Randolph Smith, enl. July 24, 1863. Alexander B. Smith, enl. July 24, 1863. Marion Smith, enl. July 23, 1863. William L. Slade, enl. July 23, 1863. Jefferson M. Shotwell, enl. May 2, 1864. John Walk, enl. July 31, 1863. Oliver E. Walker, enl. May 8, 1864. Charles W. Waits, enl. July 12, 1863. Robert Wood, enl. July 23, 1863. Henry C. Waits, enl. July 24, 1863. Mathias Waits, enl. July 23, 1863. John Berry, enl. July 18, 1863 ; traus. from Co. E. James Creamer, enl. Jnly 17, 1863 ; trans, from Co. E. Silas Cavolt, enl. July 18, 1863 ; trans, from Co. E. Edwin Harry, enl. July 23, 1863; trans, from Co. E. Jacob Miller. John S. Cavolt, enl. Oct. 18, 1863. George D. Creamer, enl. July 17, 1863. Benijah Gustin. William Hunter, enl. July 17, 1863. COMPANY H. Capt. Daniel W. Stevens, com. Aug. 1, 1863. 1st Lieut. Amos Crane, com. Aug. 1, 1863. 2d Lieut. Jerome Tice, com. Aug. 1, 1863. 1st Sergt. John M. GeBt, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Sergt. William J. Greenlee, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Sergt. Francis H. Allen, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Sergt. William B. Shaw, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Sergt. Alfred Squire, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Corp. Josiah Q. Bass, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Corp. Henry C, Dericks, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Corp. Zebina Simkins, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Corp. George W. McGrew, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Corp. Joseph Taylor, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Corp. John J. Bell, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Corp. Francis H. Cotteral, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Corp. Thomas C. Cook, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. John C. Bird, enl. May 11, 1864. George W. Bell, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Charles H. Blanchard, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Moses D. Conrad, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Alexander A. Clark, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Moses S. Cooke, enl. Ang. 1, 1863. Milton Combs, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Mathias Coler, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. James Cramer, enl. May 11, 1864. John M. Cramer, enl. May 11, 1864. Oliver P. Dennison, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. William Dericks, enl. Aug. 1,1863. Gilbert Fisher, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. William T. Gatch, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Francis M. Gatch, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. George W. Gatch, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Charles H. Gatch, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. William G. Gatch, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Philip S. Gatch, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Daniel Good, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Andrew J. Garrison, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. James M. Hilderbrand, enl. Aug..l, 1863. George F. Hoffman, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Thomas Hensel, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Robert W. Harvey, enl. Aug 1, 1863. William 0. Hopkins, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. James Huddleston, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Thomas Hill, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Samuel Holt, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Edwin Harry, enl. May 11, 1864. Job Hutchinson, enl. May 11, 1864. Washington W. Hunt, enl. May 11, 1864. Albert Jones, enl. May 11, 1864. Jacob S. Jordan, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Stephen R. Kyle, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Louis R. Kautz, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Isaac Knott, enl. May 11, 1864. Randolph II. Leming, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. George W. Leming, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Randal R. Leming, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Hiram Leming, onl. Aug. 1, 1863. Isaac N. Long, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Joseph N. Longworth, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Arch. Longworth, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Mntson R. Aaron, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Abner Matheny, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Samuel McNutt, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. JameB M. McLaughlin, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. James D. Meek, enl. May 11, 1864. Matthias C. Mitchel, May 11, 1864. Henry Peters, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. John P. Porter, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. George W. Queal, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Albert F. Queal, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Charles R. Rybolt, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Thomas D. Rybolt, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. David G. Sparks, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. James M. Shaw, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Achilles R. Shaw, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. John W. Sanders, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Lewis W. Smith, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Thomas South, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Warren Shumard, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. William Stewart, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Henry D. Smizer, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Ezra Simkins, enl. May 11, 1864. Philip Sells, enl. May 11, 1864. Thomas Shumard, enl. May 14, 1864. Amos Tudor, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Oliver F. Teal, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. William Waits, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Henry Whitaker, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Stephen Wood, enl. May 11, 1864. COMPANY I. Capt. S. W. Marsh, com. July 23, 1863. 1st Lieut. J. F. Hill, com. July 23, 1863. 2d Lieut. W. A. Dallas, com. July 23, 1863. 1st Sergt. J. D. Needham, enl. July 23, 1863. Sergt. J. F. South, enl. July 23, 1863. Sergt. A. Wilson, enl. July 23, 1863. Sergt. H. M. Boso, enl. July 23, 1863. Sergt. Edward Patchell, enl. July 23, 1863. Corp. H. B. Hill, enl. July 23, 1863. Corp. A. Davison, enl. July 23, 1863. Corp. A. Dougherty, enl. July 23, 1863. Corp. Peter South, enl. July 23,1863. Corp. J. F. Burns, enl. July 23, 1863. Corp. Joseph Foster, enl. July 23, 1863. Corp. James Leming, enl. July 23, 1863. Corp. T. W. Marsh, enl. July 23, 1863. John Balsizer, enl. July 23, 1863. Ambrose Berlien, enl. July 23, 1863. James Balser, enl. July 23, 1863. Jacob Burns, enl. July 23, 1863. William Brewer, enl. July 23, 1863. William Carr, enl. July 23, 1863. Jeniah Cavolt, enl. July 23, 1863. Daniel Craig, enl. July 23, 1863. George Dupes, enl. July 23, 1863. James Dougherty, enl. July 23, 1863. Squire Dunn, enl. July 23, 1863. T. D. Ducheman, enl. July 23, 1863. Adam Deller, enl. July 23, 1863. Nicolas Feveret, enl. July 20, 1863. Francis Fomerin, enl. July 23, 1863. Francis Foster, enl. July 23, 1863. Joseph Foster, Jr., enl. July 23, 1863. James Hewitt, enl. July 23, 1863. Hermon Hulick, enl. July 23, 1863. J. W. Hill, enl. July 23, 1863. L. H. Hill, enl. July 23, 1863. Uriah Hayworth, enl. July 23, 1863. C. C. Hill, enl. July 23, 1863. J. J. Hensel. enl. July 23, 1863. J. W. Hensel, enl. July 23, 1863. A. J. Heatb, enl. July 23, 1863. B. F. Hill, enl. July 23, 1863. Hezekiah Hill, enl. July 23, 1863. G. M. Hensel. enl. July 23, 1863. Silas James, enl. July 23, 1863. Ezekiel Leming, enl. July 23, 1863. Antony Leotie, enl. July 23, 1863. 230 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. J. P. Leming, enl. July 23, 1863. Aaron Leming, enl. July 23, 1863. Stephen Long, enl. July 23, 1863. J. W. Lattimer, enl. July 23, 1863. S. W. Lattimer, enl. July 23, 1863. A. Laymon, enl. July 23, 1863. J. S. Moore, enl. July 23, 1863. C. 0. Malone, enl. July 23, 1863. Daniel Marsh, enl. July 23, 1863. Lorain Marsh, enl. July 23, 1863. Leonidas Medaris, enl. July 23, 1863. H. H. Merse, enl. July 23, 1863. A. M. Marsh, enl. July 23, 1863. Richard Marsh, enl. July 23, 1863. George Marsh, enl. July 23, 1863. Marcus Marsb, enl. July 23, 1863. J. N. Mitchel, enl. July 23, 1863. Harvey Meek, enl. July 23,1863. James Needham, enl. July 23, 1863. J. G. Oonk. enl. July 23, 1863. Henry Offutt, enl. July 23, 1863. William Patchell, enl. July 23, 1863. John Pattison, enl. July 23, 1863. J. N. Pattison, enl. July 23, 1863. E. E. Rust, enl. July 23, 1863. J. B. Rapp, enl. July 23, 1863. Albert Redding, enl. July 23, 1863. Zack Robinson, enl. July 23, 1863. Darius Soutb, enl. July 23, 1863. Thomas South, enl. July 23, 1863. John Swift, enl. July 23, 1863. Isaac South, enl. July 23, 1863. J. M. South, enl. July 23, 1863. A. G. South, enl. July 23, 1863. Samuel Smith, enl. July 23, 1863. W. E. South, enl. July 23,1863. C. L. Thompson, enl. July 23, 1863. E. A. Ulrey, enl. July 23, 1863. Silas Worthington, enl. July 23, 1863. Jonathan Whittaker, enl. July 23, 1863. F. M. Foster, enl. July 23, 1863. M. M. Hill, enl. July 23, 1863. Thomas Patterson, enl. July 23, 1863. John Collins, enl. July 23, 1863. David Vancam, enl. July 23, 1863. William Fulko, enl. July 23, 1863. William Wright, enl. July 23, 1863. COMPANY K. Capt. James W. Deem, com. July 3, 1863. 1st Lieut. Edwin D. Titus, com. July 11, 1863. 2d Lieut. Daniel Kidd. 1st Sergt. Wm. H. Standish, enl. July 21, 1863. Sergt. Julius N. Kraner, enl. July 11, 1863. Sergt. Wesley T. Sweet, enl. July 11, 1863. Sergt. Thomas F. Brown, enl. July 11, 1863. Sergt. Nathan J. Troy, enl. July 11, 1863. Corp. Daniel Brunk, enl. July 14, 1863. Corp. Albert Heurici, enl. July 21, 1863. Corp. Andrew J. Applegate, enl. July 21, 1863. Corp. Wm. H. Mead, enl. July 13, 1863. Corp. James L. Brown, enl. July 10, 1863. Corp. Robert L. Gest, enl. July 11, 1863. Corp. James N. Lytle, enl. July 11, 1863. Corp. John Bricker, enl. July 11, 1863. Wm. E. Applegate, enl. May 21, 1864. Joseph J. Avey, enl. May 21, 1864. John M. Avey, enl. May 21, 1864. Allen W. Ashburn, enl. May 21, 1864. Abel Bounds, enl. July 12, 1863. James A. Brown, enl. May 2, 1864. Cbas. B. Crane, enl. July 11, 1863. Wm. T. Cade, enl. July 10, 1863. D. S. Croshaw, enl. July 14, 1863. James A. Davis, enl. July 23, 1863. William A. Dimmitt, enl. July 18, 1863. Chas. H. Evans, enl. July 11, 1863. Samuel Fitzwater, eul. July 23, 1863. John W. Groves, enl. July 13, 1863. Geo. Groves, enl. July 13, 1863. Joseph H. Gest, enl. Jnly 21, 1863. John Grant, enl. July 21, 1863. Elias M. Glancey, enl. July 4, 1863. Erastus Hulick, enl. July 11, 1863. Hanson Holter, enl. July 13, 1863. Joseph W. Homan, enl. July 21, 1863. George W. Hutton, enl. July 9, 1864. Charles Hulick, enl. July 11, 1863. Albert Jones, enl. July 26, 1863. Thos. H. Jeffries, enl. July 13, 1863. Thos. Kidd, enl. July 2, 1864. \ Wm. H. Kidd, enl. July 11, 1863. \N Mathias M. Kugler, enl. July 14, 1863 . x \\w. M. Kain, enl. July 7, 1863. Chas. H. Kain, enl. May 2, 1864. •» John M. Kain, enl. May 2, 1864. Charles Kidd, enl. July 11, 1863. James P. Leonard, enl. July 11, 1863. John R. Mount, enl. July 14, 1863. Thos. McGuire, enl. July 13, 1863. W. W. McGuire, enl. July 1, 1863. W. C. Moyer, enl. July 10, 1863. Charles A. Moore, enl. July 21, 1863. William Moore, enl. July 11, 1863. Mathias C. Mitchell, enl. April 25, 1864. James D.Meek, enl. July 18, 1863. Oliver McGrew, enl. July 11, 1863. Samuel Newberry, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Thomas M. Needham, enl. July 13, 1863. Ephraim Orebaugh, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Otis Preble, enl. July 11, 1863. Oliver W. Rhodes, enl. July 11, 1863. James Robinson, enl. July 10, 1863. Charles Robinson, enl. July 11, 1863. David V. Ross, enl. July 11, 1863. William J. Rust, enl. July 25, 1863. Stephen S. Robinson, enl. July 11, 1863. Thomas L. Smith, enl. July 11, 1863. Josiah Strimple, enl. July 11, 1863. Levert Stratton, enl. Jnly 13, 1863. James L. Slack, enl. July 11, 1863. Andrew J. Sprague, enl. July 13, 1863. Anthony Snyder, enl. July 13, 1863. Frederick Schoebat. Daniel Tate, enl. July 12, 1863. George W. Teal, enl. July 13, 1863. David F. Thompson, enl. July 13, 1863. Thomas Vancamp, enl. July 13, 1863. David Wallace, enl. May 2, 1864. Charles B. Wills, enl. July 11, 1863. Jared Watts, enl. July 13, 1863. Jeremiah C. Weaver, enl. July 10, 1863. Wright Williams. Arthur Wood, enl. July 13, 1863. Robert Needham, enl. July 23, 1863. David Needham, enl. July 13, 1863. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.* COMPANY H. Corp. Silas Pierce, enl. Sept. 29, 1864. James Balser, enl. Sept. 29, 1864. Ambrose Berliew, enl. Sept. 24, 1864. Francis H. Berger, enl. Sept. 29, 1864. Ebon S. Pickelheimer, enl. Sept. 29, 1864. John Smith, enl. Sept. 29, 1864. Anthony Spets, enl. Sept. 29, 1864; in hospital November and Decoffiber, 1864. Francis M. Sloane, enl. Sept. 29, 1864. Died. Daniel Dumford, died in hospital at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 20, 1864. Josiah Hensel, died in hoBpital at Columbia, Tenn., March 14, 1865. Recruiis not mustered out. Corp. Orin S. Hadley, enl. Oct. 4, 1864. Byron Cramer, enl. Oct. 5, 1864. COMPANY K. Sergt. William B. McKee, enl. Aug. 16, 1864. Sergt. William N. Hendrixon, enl. Aug. 12, 1864. Corp. Robert McLachlan, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mus. Paign Mullen, enl. Aug. 15, 1864. David A. Bryant, enl. Aug. 12, 1864. Maffet Cutler,_enl. Aug. 24, 1864. Zeno Donley, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Eli Farmer, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Washington Galvin, enl. Aug. 16, 1864. William H. Hall, enl. Aug. 18, 1864. George W. Hendrixon, enl. Aug. 24, 1864. Dout W. Jones, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Charles McDulan, enl. Aug. 16, 1864. * One year's men. MILITARY HISTORY. 231 William H. Phillips, enl. Aug. 28, 1804. Francis M. Vickroy, eul. Aug. 13, 1861. David E. White, enl. Aug. 23, 1864. Eli puns L. Ware, enl. Aug. 24, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FIRST OHIO VOL UNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY E. Josiah P. Clark, enl. Aug. 25, 1864; trans, from 178th 0. V. I., June 15, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. This regiment was raised under the last call for troops to serve one year. It was organized at Camp Chase, Feb. 21, 1865, and moved to Nashville without delay. It thence proceeded to Chattanooga and other points, and was broken into detachments to do guard duty. It was mustered out at Edgefield, Sept. 20, 1865, and seven days later finally discharged at Camp Chase. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. COMPANY I. Capt. John McNeill, com. Feb. 21, 1865. 1st Lieut. Archibald McNair, com. Jan. 31, 1865 ; died in officers' hospital, Nash ville, Tenn., March 11, 1865. 2d Lieut. William F. Landon, com. Jan. 18, 1865. Sergt. Robert B. Simpson, enl. Jan. 17, 1865; appointed sergt. Feb. 22, 1865. Sergt. William W. W. Scott, enl. Jan. 19, 1865 ; appointed sergt. Feb. 22, 1865. Sergt. James B. McClain, enl. Jan. 26, 1865 ; appointed sergt. Feb. 22, 1865. Sergt. James Boulware, enl. Jan. 19, 1865 ; appointed sergt. Feb. 22, 1865. Corp. John T. Hardy, enl. Jan. 27, 1865 ; appointed Corp. Feb. 22, 1865. Corp. William W. Ford, enl. Jan. 19, 1865. Corp. Silas D. Winans, enl. Jan. 30, 1865; appointed corp. Feb. 22, 1865. Corp. John W. Stewart, enl. Feb. 3, 1865 ; private at enlistment ; pro. June 10, 1865, to fill vacancy caused by death of Corp. Gray. Corp. William Reese, enl. Feb. 2, 1865 ; appointed corp. Feb. 22, 1865. Corp. James A. Whiteman, enl. Jan. 18, 1865 ; appointed Corp. Feb. 22, 1865. Corp. Wilber C. McClain, enl. Jan. 23, 1865 ; appointed corp. Feb. 22, 1865. Corp. Thomas J. Nichols, enl. Feb. 2, 1865; appointed corp. Feb. 22, 1865. Elijah B. Abbott, enl. Jan. 19, 1865. William A. Altman, enl. Jan. 19, 1865. George W. AnderBon, enl. Jan. 19, 1865. William B. Anderson, enl. Jan. 24, 1865. Charles C. Brown, enl. Jan. 31, 1865. John H. Beck, enl. Feb. 2, 1865. Levi L. Beck, enl. Jan. 23, 1865. Sylvester J. Brown, enl. Feb. 1, 1865. Jackson Behymer, enl. Feb. 9, 1865. Samuel M. Bricker, enl. Jan. 24, 1865. Otis Betts, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. James L. Corbin, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Samuel Clark, enl. Jan. 25, 1865. William T. Coble, enl. Feb. 8, 1865. John A. Dunham, enl. Jan. 31, 1865. Isaac L. Debruler, enl. Feb. 5, 1865. Michael L. Dye, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Solomon D. Frazee, enl. Feb. 5, 1865. John H. Fisher, enl. Jan. 25, 1865. Melancthon D. Frazee, enl. Feb. 3, 1865. George E. Flick, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. George H. Gum, enl. Jan. 31, 1865. Sanford Hollyday, enl. Jnn. 16, 1865. George Holland, enl. Jan. 24, 1865. Joseph F. Hill, enl. Jan. 27, 1865. John W. Huling, enl. Feb. 5, 1865. William Hillis, enl. Feb. 5, 1865. John Hill, enl. Jan. 14, 1865. George H. Houston, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. George L. Her, enl. Jan. 26, 1865. Christopher Jones, enl. Feb. 1, 1865. John Knowles, enl. Feb. 3, 1865. James A. Lang, enl. Feb. 1, 1865. Edmond Lindsey, enl. Feb. 3, 1865. William P. Leeds, enl. Jan. 31, 1865. August Lothamer, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Robert McNair, enl. Jan. 19, 1865. John Mofford, enl. Jan. 20, 1865. Edward Meeker, enl. Jan. 21, 1865. William H. McConnaughey, enl. Jan. 31, 1865. David H. McCibbon, enl. Feb. 8, 1865. William N. Nichols, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Jacob A. Palmer, enl. Jan. 18, 1S65. John Porter, enl. Feb. 8, 1865. Oliver P. Powell, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Samuel Page, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Francis M. Richardson, enl. Jan. 21, 1865 ; sick in Cumberland Hospital, Nash ville, Tenn., Aug. 21, 1865. Joseph M. Rodgcrs, enl. Jan. 19, 1865. Charles M. Rolls, enl. Jan. 23, 1865. George W. Rodgers, enl. Jan. 31, 1865. William D. Rutherford, enl. Jan. 18, 1865. John Riggin, enl. Jan. 30, 1865. Anthony Shanabruch, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Tedro A. South, enl. Feb. 3, 1865. Oliver P. Sims, enl. Jan. 19, 1865. Augustus P. Terwilliger, enl. Jan. 31, 1865; sick in Cumberland Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 5, 1865. Francis M. H. Tatman, enl. Jan. 24, 1865 ; sick in Cumberland Hospital, Nash ville, Tenn., Aug. 9, 1865. John R. Ulrey, enl. Feb. 9, 1865. Theodore M. West, enl. Jan. 18, 1865 ; sick in Cumberland Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 1, 1865. William N. White, enl. Feb. 3, 1865. Evan M. Ward, enl. Jan. 27, 1865. John W. Walker, enl. Jan. 28, 1865; Bick in Cumberland Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., since Aug. 17, 1865. Steven Wilson, enl. Jan. 26, 1865. Nathan W. Wilson, enl. Feb. 9, 1865. Blair Wilks, enl. Feb. 4, 1865. Lewis Walcut, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Deaths. JoBeph Bier, enl. Feb. 10,1865; died in U. S. Hospital, Camp Dennison, Sept. 2, 1865. William Colthar, enl. Feb. 3, 1865; died in U. S. Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., March 20, 1805. John R. Chatterson, enl. Feb. 1, 1865 ; died in U. S. Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., March 20, 1865. Corp. Aaron S. Gray, enl. Jan. 18,1865; died in U.S. Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., March 25, 1865. Thomas J. Philips, enl. Feb. 3, 1865 ; died in U. S. Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., March 22, 1865. Francis M. Stults, enl. Feb. 7, 1865 ; died in U. S. Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., March 14, 1865. Emanuel Sager, enl. Feb. 13, 1865 ; died iu U. S. Hospital, Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 16, 1865. Andrew J. Harris, enl. Jan. 18, 1865; disch. from hospital, May 18, 1865. James Mcintosh, enl. Jan. 24, 1865 ; disch. from hospital, May 24, 1865. James P. Martin, enl. Jan. 26, 1865 ; disch. from hospital, July 7, 1865. Milton Ramey, enl. Feb. 18, 1865 ; disch. from hospital, May 18, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY H. William H. Arcy, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIRST OHIO VOL UNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY E. Nicholas Curree, enl. Feb. 9, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-THIRD OHIO VOL UNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY E. Theodore B. Turner, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIFTH REGIMENT. COMPANY F. Drummer James L. Bell, enl. Jan. 30, 1865. Weston Brown, enl. Feb. 7, 1865. Christian Brickel, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Matthew Coler, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Manton W. Cramer, eul. Feb. 7, 1865. Thomas Hensel, enl. Jan. 21, 1865. Jesse J. Milner, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Albert L. Tingley, enl. Jan. 25, 1865. William Waits, enl. Feb. 2, 1865. Discharged. Wm. A. Jones, enl. Feb. 11, 1865 ; disch. May 25, 1865, at Camp Dennison, Ohio. 232 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SIXTH OHIO VOL UNTEER INFANTRY. COMPANY K. Charles Gates, enl. March 1, 1865. John McMath, enl. Feb. 1, 1865. William H. Kennedy, enl. Feb. 1, 1865. FIRST OHIO CAVALRY. COMPANY K. Corp. Corydon S. Irwin, enl. Sept. 29, 1861. Henry C. Fox, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Able Lock, enl. Sept. 22, 1861. John W. Shirk, enl. Oct. 1, 1861. John Young, enl. Sept. 28, 1861. FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY. This organization was originally known as the Second Ohio Cavalry, and was begun at Cincinnati, under the di rection of Gen. Fremont, in August, 1861. The removal of the general before it was completed caused some confu sion and delay, the difficulty in procuring arms being par ticularly embarrassing. On the 5th of November, 1861, the regiment left Camp Dick Corwine, near Cincinnati, for Camp Dennison, where the organization was perfected and the troops instructed. On the 26th of February, 1862, orders were received to march for Paducah, which were carried out within the next four days, the different battalions turning out eleven hundred and forty-two men. From Paducah the regiment proceeded to Fort Henry, and thence to Savannah, and participated in the active movements in, that part of the country, doing a large amount of scouting. At Pittsburg Landing it behaved with remarkable cool ness, and later at Holly Springs the men acted with unusual heroism, some of them firing two hundred rounds from their carbines without changing position. The campaign of the Fifth was transferred to Western Tennessee, and for some time the headquarters were at Memphis, much of the time being taken up in skirmishes with Forrest's cavalry. Thence the expeditions were extended into Mississippi with most satisfactory results. On the 16th of October, 1863, the regiment entered upon its second winter's campaign by marching towards Chattanooga and Eastern Tennessee, and in the following months made many arduous marches. In the spring and summer of 1861 the regiment participated in the campaign against Atlanta, arriving at Cartersville July 13th. Here the remainder of the summer was passed, occasional forays being made. On the 8th of November the regiment became a part of Kilpatrick's division, and with it made the " march to the sea." Thence, with vary ing success, they rode through the Carolinas, everywhere manifesting a dash and spirit which caused the enemy to yield. The last service was in Western North Carolina, that department being under the immediate command of Col. Heath of the Fifth. The regiment was mustered out Oct. 30, 1865, after a long but most gallant and meritorious service. COMPANY A. Com.-Sergt. Charles Kruse, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. 1st Lieut. Thomas Hair, com. Sept. 10, 1861 ; must, out with company. John Simpson, enl. Feb. 24, 1865 ; detached as military mail-agent at headquar ters of military division of Mississippi. John R. McCbesner, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; must, out with company at Camp Chase, Ohio, Jan. 27, 1865. Capt. Elbridge G. Ricker, com. Sept. 10, 1861 ; appointed maj. 2d Battalion, Nov 1, 1861. 1st Lieut. Isaac S. Quinlin, com. Sept. 10, 1861 ; pro. to capt. Nov. 1 1861. 2d Lieut. Franklin B. Pepper, com. Sept. 10, 1861. Sergt. James Williams, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Com.-Q.M. William E. Nichols, onl. Sept. 16, 1861 ; appointed 1st lieut. Nov. 1861. Sergt. Francis L. Weaver, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Sergt. George W. Conrey, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Sergt. Peter M. Hill, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Sergt. Lewitt T. Earhart, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Corp. George H. Warren, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Corp. George G. Crane, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Corp. Barrington Behymer, enl. Sept. 11, 1861. Corp. Oliver P. Straight, enl. Sept. 11, 1861. Corp. Andrew M. Lang, enl. Sept. 11, 1861. Corp. Charles W. Robinson, enl. Sept. 11, 1861. Corp. Henry N. Smith, eul. Sept. 11, 1861. Mus. Philip Milner, enl. Sept. 11, 1861. Mus. Granville Philips, enl. Sept. 11, 1861. Blacksmith Bayard M. Church, enl. Sept. 11, 1861. Farrier Harrison P. Rutherford, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Wagoner Jefferson Vangundy, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Saddler Franklin L. Fisk, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Joseph Anderson, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. William T. Armstrong, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Elisha B. Arthur, enl. Sept. 16, 1861 ; drowned in a well at Huntsville, Ala. Joseph Arthur, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Benjamin Arthur, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Angus Burke, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Alonzo M. Burroughs, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; drowned in a well at Huntsville, Ala. Randolph Beck, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Alonzo Behymer, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Thomas I. Behymer, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Samuel Barber, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Sidney Cook, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Jonathan Church, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Thomas F. Church, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Leonidas M. Church, enl. Sopt. 10, 1861. George W. Church, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Nathan Cook, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. David A. Campbell, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. William L. Doughty, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Wilford M. Dye, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Peter Dean, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Oscar T. Davis, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Clark Estell, enl. Sopt. 10, 1861. Benjamin Ely, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Benjamin Earhart, enl. Oct. 23, 1861. Hiram W. Floro, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. David Fithen, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. William A. B. Gray, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Frederick Glinken, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Martin V. Henderson, enl. Sept. 10,1861. Charles Hopkins, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. William Hicks, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Octavlus G. Hitch, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. De Witt C. Kindle, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. David Kilgour, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Washington P. Leeds, enl. Sept. 10, 1881. Emerias Line, eul. Sept. 10, 1861. Lafayette Leeds, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. John K. Morris, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; drowned in a well at Huntsville, Ala. William H. Metzger, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Napoleon B. Morford, enl. Sopt. 10, 1861. Thomas McGahen, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. William H. McMurchy, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Eli McMinis, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. John N. Mattox, enl. Oct. 24, 1861. Enos W. Nash, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Granville M. Norris, eul. Sept. 10, 1861. William Penny, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. James Parvin, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Robert A. Patterson, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Samuel G. Pepper, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. William M. Patterson, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Hosea Parvin, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Thomas M. Penny, enl. Sept. 10,1861. William E. Parker, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Joshua A. Penny, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Richard Penny, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Montraville Rutherford, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. James C. Rutherford, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Leonard F. Raper, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. James M. Snider, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Albert B. Smith, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Abraham Short, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Thomas I. Sherman, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Reuben Spaulding, enl. Sept. 10, 1801. Levi W. Short, enl. Sept. 10, 1801. MILITARY HISTORY. 233 Francis M. Straight, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. William H. Straight, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. William Surry, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Wesley Tedrow, enl. Sept 10, 1861. John W. Vauosdol, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Allen Winans, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Nicholas Wilson, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Elijah Ward, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. George Zuber, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. COMPANY B. Sergt. John R. Clarke, enl. Sept. 9, 1861. Corp. Alexander Stewart, enl. Sopt. 2, 1861. Corp. John McGee, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Corp. William W. Williams, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Bugler Smith Fletcher, enl. Sept. 13, 1861. Farrier Henry Helschult, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Francis Corts, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Daniel Chambers, enl. Nov. 8, 1861. Kobort F. Clemons, enl. Sept. 13, 1861. James Chalmers, enl. Sept. 7, 1861. David Clayton, enl. Sept. 9, 1861. James Collins, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Thomas D. Doyle, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. John Fields, enl. Sept. 26, 1861. George Gourney, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Daniel Hildebrandt, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Francis A. Hutchinson, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Jacob Haney, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. David J. Hayward, eul. Sopt. 15, 1861. Josoph Holleman, enl. Oct. 12, 1861. John E. Hildebrandt, enl. Oct. 31, 1861. William C. Hildebrandt, enl. Sept. 13, 1861. Sylvanus Jones, enl. Sept. 4, 1861. Alexander Jones, enl. Sept. 9, 1861. Martin Laypole, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Moses Leeds, enl. Sept. 26, 1861. Dennis Moore, enl. Sept. 25, 1861. Samuel McKinney, enl. Oct. 29, 1861. Charles Stackpole, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Henry Sellers, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. William Strauss, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Charles L. Van Halley, enl. Sept, 13,' 1861. John M. Williams, onl. Sept. 13, 1861. John W. Warman, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Cortland W. Warman, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Oliver Waits, eni. Oct. 1, 1861. COMPANY L. Capt. William H. Fagaly, com. Oct. 3, 1861. 1st Lieut. Elijah G. Penn, com. Oct. 3, 1861. 2d Lieut. George H. Rader, coin. Sept. 27, 1861. 1st Sergt. William H. Ulrey, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Q.M.-Sergt. Stephen C. Convey, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Sergt. Richard Lellyett, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Sergt. George W. Budd, enl. Oct. 3, 1861. Sergt. Enos I. Searles, eul. Sept. 16, 1861. Sergt. John Kindle, enl. Sept. 17 , 1861. Corp. Tunis Coombs, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Corp. Mahlon Pearson, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Corp. John W. McMahon, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Corp. Isaac Bodman, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Corp. George Dougherty, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Corp. John S. Stall, enl. Oct. 1, 1861. Corp. George I. Gillen, enl. Oct. 3, 1861. Corp. Samuel H. Jackson, enl. Nov. 6, 1861. Mus. Thomas A. Tribble, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Mus. Henry J. Stultz, enl. Oct. 3, 1861. Farrier Orestus W. Varley, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Farrier Reason T. Newberry, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Wagoner John Cundiff, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Saddler William Vogt, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. William B. Anderson, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Gilbert G. Burbage, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Frederick Baker, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. George W. Berliew, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Jasper Bowmaster, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Nathan Barkiey, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. John Covert, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Jacob Cook, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Ulysses Dougherty, enl. Oct. 1, 1861. John Dougherty, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Elias Demaris, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. John Dickerson, enl. Sept. 10, 1801. John Donham, enl. Oct. 1, 1861. • Wm. B. Eppert, eul. Sept. 23, 1861. Aaron S. Gray, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. 30 August Glenand, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Wm. G. Gerard, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Squire Hughes, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Simeon W. Hayward, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Leander Her, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Michael II. Kennedy, eul. Oct. 10, 1861. Andrew Longhouse, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. JVm. B. Manning, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. James Morford, onl. Oct. 14, 1861. Thomas Montjar, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Wash. L. Mace, enl. Sopt. 27, 1861. Joseph Moore, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Uriah C. Malott, enl. Oct. 31, 1861. Josephus J. Malott, enl. Oct. 31, 1861. Leonidas Meeker, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Charles II. Mullen, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Sylvester McClain, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Orion McClain, enl. Sept. 25, 1861. John McCarty, enl. Sept. 25, 1861. Ulysses Noble, enl. Oct. 16,1801. Wm. N. Pollard, enl. Oct. 3, 1861. Thomas M. Perrine, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Albert R. Pearce, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. William Prickett, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Lafayette Rohrer, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Thomas II. Short, enl. Oct. 1, 1861. James Smith, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Harrison Snider, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. J. Sanders, enl. Oct. 3, 1861. Enoch Simpkins, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. George Trump, enl. Oct. 3, 1861. Benjamin F. Tatman, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. J. Willis, enl. Sept. 24, 1861. Nelson R. Walker, onl. Oct. 16, 1861. Henry C. Warren, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Harvey Wails, enl. Nov. 6, 1861. Charles Holman, enl. Nov. 12, 1861. James Garbutt, eul. Sept. 4, 1861. Thomas B. Behymer, enl. Nov. 13, 1861. John R. Ward, enl. Nov. 12, 1801. Maion C. Blackburn, onl. Nov. 8, 1861. Corp. John R. McChesney, enl. Sept. 19, 1861; appointed corp. Nov. 15, 1864. Corp. Daniel D. Stewart, Co. M ; enl. Sept. 25, 1861 ; must, out by reason of ex piration of term of service. Charles Holman, Co. L; enl. Nov. 12, 1861; engaged in battles of Shiloh, Mis sion Ridge, and Metamesa; must, out by reason of expiration of term of service. Levi W. Sharp, Co. A ; enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Francis L. Weaver, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; on duty at Duvall's Bluff, Ark. ; reported for must, out, Sept. 12, 1864. George W. Reese, enl. Jan. 7, 1862 ; must, out of service. John M. Burkhart, enl. March 31, 1865; must, out May 4, 1865. Reason T. Newberry, Co. L; enl. Oct. 10, 1861 ; was prisoner of war; must, out by reason of expiration of term of service. William Vogt, Co. L ; enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; was prisoner of war ; must, out by reason of expiration of term of service. William B. Manning, Co. L ; enl. Oct. 4, 1861; must, out by reason of expira tion of term of service. John Simpson, Co. A ; enl. Sept. 27, 1862; must, out of service. COMPANY H (DETACHMENT). Sergt. Richard Griffith, enl. Aug. 30, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Feb. 1, 1863; to ord. sergt. April 21, 1863. COMPANY M. Capt. John Henry, com. Oct. 8, 1861; pro. to maj. from capt., Feb. 1, 1863. 1st Lieut. Thomas I. Wood, com. Oct. 8, 1861; dismissed from service, June 10, 1862. Capt. William C. Slade, com. Oct. 8, 1861; pro. to capt. from 2d lieut., Feb. 1, 1863. 1st Lieut. Joseph W. Gowdy, com. Oct. 3, 1861; 6ergt. at enlistment; pro. Feb. 1, 1863. 2d Lieut. James C. Watson, com. Oct. 9, 1861 ; sergt at enlistment; pro. Feb. 1, 1863. 1st Sergt. Robert H. Nichols, enl. Oct. 13, 1861; pro. to corp. July 1, 1862; to sergt. Sept. 20, 1862. Q.M.-Sergt. John M. Mendleken, enl. Feb. 1, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Sept. 1, 1862 ; to sergt. Nov, 1, 1862 ; reduced to ranks by request. Com.-Sergt. Thomas Castlen, enl. Oct. 3, 1861; pro. to Corp. Nov. 1, 1862 ; to Bergt. Nov. 1, 1862. Sergt. James Miller, enl. Sept. 10, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 1, 1861 ; to sergt. Jan. 1, 1863. Sergt. Andrew J. Benson, enl. Sept. 25, 1862; pro. to sergt. from private, Jan. 1, 1863 ; missing while on scout service, Feb. 24, 1864 ; supposed to be taken prison fir. Sergt. Samuel Wilson, enl. Sept. 24, 1802; private at enlistment; pro. Jan. 1, 1863; sick iu hospital in Memphis, Tenn., since July 30, 1863. 34 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. Sergt. Benjamin F. Miller, enl. Sept. 12, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. from Corp., Jan. 1, 1863 ; absent on recruiting service since Dec. 28, 1863. Sergt. William H. Kirkpatrick, enl. Sept. 21, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Jan. 1, 1863 ; to sergt. Jan. 1, 1864. Corp. Joseph Busam, enl. Oct. 4, 1861 ; pro. to corp. May 1, 1862. Corp. David G. Nichols, enl. Oct. 7, 1861; pro. to corp. June 1, 1862. Corp. Daniel D. Steward, enl. Sept. 25, 1S61 ; pro. to corp. June 1, 1862. Corp. Charles H. Morris, enl. Oct. 14, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1863. Corp. Angus W. Vanosdol, enl. Oct. 16, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1863. Corp. Jasper Taylor, enl. Oct. 21, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Dec. 1, 1863. Blacksmith Alpheus T. McCullough, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Saddler Jacob Meyers, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Nicholas Ackerman, enl. Nov. 4, 1862. James Beagle, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Jacob Becht, enl. Sept. 24, 1862. John Boffing, enl. Sept. 21, 1861 ; orderly at military commission, Memphis, Tenn., June 1, 1863. Louis Bumps, enl. Sept. 12, 1862. Edwin Bouchard, enl. Sept. 8, 1862. Thomas Boyes, enl. Dec. 1, 1863. John N. Conrad, enl. Sept 12, 1861 ; orderly for Gen. Hurlbut, Memphis, Tenn. James Canfleld, enl. Sept. 24, 1862. James Calhoun, enl. Dec. 25, 1863. John Evans, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. James W. Frazier, enl. Jan. 18, 1864. Leonidas D. Floro, enl. Sept. 23, 1863. William Fetkother, enl. Sept. 12, 1862. ' Henry Gilbert, enl. Jan. 24, 1864. James E. Gift, enl. Nov. 25, 1863. Julius Hencher, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Theodore Hunt, enl. Sept. 20, 1861. Frederick House, enl. Feb. 20, 1862; sick in hosp. at Memphis, Tenn., since July 28, 1863. John P. Howe, enl. Jan. 7, 1864 ; sick in hosp. at Camp Donuison, Ohio, since Oct. 31, 1863. Alexander K. Hill, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Louis Landers, enl. Sept. 16, 1862. Martin Laypolo, enl. Sept. 6, 1861. Samuel Lytle, enl. Dec. 26, 1863. John G. Luke, enl. Nov. 23, 1863. Jefferson Martin, enl. Feb. 28, 1862. Joseph Shumard, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Isaac Stuller, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Discltarged. Valentine Anthony, enl. Sept. 20, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Oct. 29, 1861. George W. Clem, enl. Oct. 8, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Aug. 8, 1862. Isaac N. Hughey, enl. Oct. 4, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Oct. 16, 1862. James Dummell, enl. Oct. 31, 1861 ; disch. for wounds received in battle Oct 11,1862. Sergt. Ezra Towner, enl. Sept. 20, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Dec. 13, 1862. William Oldbanser, eul. Sept. 23, 1861; disch. for disability, June 6,'l863. Marlin Perkermyer, enl. Oct. 16, 1861 : disch. for disability, Jan. 14, 1863. Andrew J. Lindsey, onl. Sept. 20, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Jan. 29, 1863. Oscar Towner, enl. Sept. 21, 1861; disch. for disability, Dec. 15,1863. William H. H. Maguire, enl. Oct. 14, 1861; disch. for disability, May 1, 1863. Louis Calhoun, enl. Oct. 3, 1861 ; discb. for disability, March 13, 1863. ' Peter Mirck, enl. Oct. 5, 1861; disch. for disability, March 12, 1863. Adam Kratzer, enl. Oct. 3, 1861; disch. for disability, March 5, 1863. Charles McKay, eul. Oct. 8, 1861 ; disch. for disability, April 28, 1863. Alexander N. Baud, enl. Fob. 1, 1862; disch. for disability, May 26, 1863. Silas R. Morgan, eul. Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. for disability, June 1, 1863. Aaron Grey, enl. Oct. 3, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Sept. 10, 1862. John P. Nichols, enl. Oct. 7, 1861 ; discb. for disability, Dec. 1, 1861. Philip House, enl. Sept. 20, 1861 ; disch. for disability, Jan. 1, 1862. Ambrose Burliew, enl. Feb. 28, 1862 ; disch. for disability, May 10, 1862. John W. White, enl. Sept. 4, 1861 ; disch. for disability, March 10, 1862. ' Died. Clayton W. Shaw, enl. Oct. 3, 1861 ; died May 22, 1862, at New Richmond. Corp. Thomas Shannon, died of disease near Pittsburg Landing, May 5 1862 Corp. John Hobson, enl. Sept. 20, 1861 ; died Aug. 20, 1863, of consumption, near Pittsburg Landing. Elias Clem, enl. Oct. 8, 1861 ; died June 10,1863,near Bolivar, Tenn., of chronic diarrhcea. ¦' Jerome B. Allen, enl. Sept. 20, 18GX ; died Aug. 25, 18G3, near Camp Davies Miss., of measles. ' SEVENTH OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY. On the 25th of August, 1862, Governor Tod ordered this regiment to be recruited in the lower river counties and to rendezvous at Ripley. The regiment went into camp Oct. 3, 1862, and on the 22d of November the first movement against the enemy was made, the operations being in East ern Kentucky, and extending into Tennessee and Virginia being with Gen. Carter in the first raid into East Tennes see. On the 9th of January, 1863, we find it at Winches ter, Ky., wearied and worn, but gratified with success. More than half the horses had died and much of the journey had to be made on foot. Then followed the active opera tions in Kentucky, caused by the marauders of John Mor gan, and which later in the season were transferred to Ohio the Seventh being one of the regiments which followed in pursuit of Morgan. In the fall of 1863 the reoiment was again in East Tennessee, and the following winter was half starved to death, the famishing troops beino- un. able to get subsistence of any kind for days at a time. On the 4th of Jnly, 1864, the Seventh started for Atlanta, and after being engaged at the battle of Franklin, Tenn. was attached to Gen. Wilson's cavalry force, harassed Hood at Nashville, rode through Alabama and into Georgia, beine near Andersonville when the war closed. Tt was mustered out at Nashville, July 4, 1865, having lost by the casual ties of war five hundred and sixty-five men. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. COMPANY D. 2d Lieut. Washington W. Manning, enl. Sept. 1,1862; private at enlistment; pro. to sergt., Sept. 30, 1862 ; to 1st sergt , June 1, 1863 ; to 2d lieut., April 19, 1864; disch. April 21,1864; must, in as 2d lieut., April 22, 1864 ; pro. to 1st lieut., March 18, 1865 ; not must, in as 1st lieut. 1st Sergt. Joseph H. G'riffis, enl. Aug. 28, 1862; private at enlistment; pro, April 19, 1864 ; taken prisoner, July 31, 1864 ; rejoined company, June 4 1865. Q.M.-Sergt. John II. Teal, enl. Sept. 4, 1862; private at enlistment; pro. to q.m.-sergt., May 1, 1805; taken prjsoner, July 31, 1864; rejoined com pany, June 4, 1865. v Com.-Sergt. John W. Armaeost, enl. Aug. 30, 1862 ; private at enlistment; pro. May 1, 1865. Sergt. George W. Merrill, enl. Sept. 15, 1862 ; private at enlistment ; pro. Sept. 1, 1864. • Sergt. Harvey Haywood, enl. Sept. 5, 1802 ; private at enlistment; pro. May 1, 1865 ; taken prisoner, July 31, 1864. Sergt. Henry Hillinger, enl. Oct. 1,1862; private at enlistment; pro. Mayl, 1865. Sergt. David C. Barrow, enl. Sept. 3, 1862 ; private at enlistment; pro. May 1, 1865. Sergt. Stephen D. Mount, enl. Sept. 3, 1862; privateVat enlistment; pro. Mayl, 1865. Corp. Lorenio Gorman, enl. Sept. 1, 1862; private at enlistment; pro. Mayl, 1865. Corp. Stephen Parvin, enl. Aug. 28, 1802; private at enlistment; pro. Mayl, 1865. Corp. Joseph Rodocker, enl. Sept. 1, 1862; private at enlistment; pro. Mayl, 1865. Corp. Wm. H. Tice, enl. Aug. 28,1862; private at enlistment; pro. May 1,1865. Corp. John P. Colthar, enl. Sept. 11, 1862; private at enlistment; pro. Mayl, 1865 ; taken prisoner, July 31, 1864; rejoined company, June 4, 1865. Corp. John C. Hadley, enl. Sept. 5, 1862; private at onlistment; pro. May 1,1865. Corp. Obadiah McNutt, enl. Aug. 28, 1862 ; private at enlistment ; pro. May 1, 1865. Corp. Wm. G. Prickett, enl. Sept. 3, 1862; private at enlistment; pro. May 1, 1865. Wagoner Calvin Meeker, enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Silburn Armstrong, enl. Sept. 11, 1862; taken prisoner, July 31, 1864. John II. Brekenbus, enl. Sept. 5, 1862. William Barrow, enl. Sept. 11, 1862 ; taken prisoner, July 31, 1864. Augustus Barbrow, enl. Sept. 2, 1862; one-year recruit. William Clair, enl. Sept. 11, 1862. William H. Cole, enl. Aug. 30, 1862; trans; to Co. D from Co. H, Nov. 22, 1864. Jeremiah Davis, enl. Sept. 5, 1862. Isaac Davis, enl. Sept. 5, 1802. James II. Dameron, enl. Sept. 4, 1864 ; one-year recruit. John Davis, enl. Sept. 2, 1864; one-year recruit. George W. Dennison, enl. Sept.2, 1864 ; one-year recruit. Albert Edwards, enl. Sept. 12, 1862. Thomas Furlong, onl. Aug. 17, 1864; one-year recruit. Joseph G. Fisher, onl. Sept. 2, 1864 ; one-year recruit; sick in hospital (no place given). Varley Gould, enl. Sept. 7, 1862. Clinton Glancy, enl. Sept. 8, 1862 ; taken prisoner, July 29, 1S64. MILITARY HISTORY. 235 Jacob Hancy, enl. Aug. 30, 1862 ; taken prisoner, July 31, 1864 ; rejoined com pany, June 4, 1865. . Williams Hobbs, enl. Sept. 7, 1862 ; taken prisoner, July 31, 1864. G. W. Hill, enl. Sept. 2, 1864; one-year recruit. Samuel G. Hall, enl. Sept. 2, 1864; one-year recruit. Burnett Ilelda, enl. Oct. 19, 1864; one-year recruit. Robert C. W. Hughey, enl. Oct. 12, 1864 ; one year recruit. Frank Knbn,enl. Sept. 3, 1862; taken prisoner by enemy, July 31,1864; re joined company, June 4, 1865. George Killinger, enl. Sept. 14, 1862 ; taken prisoner by enemy, July 31, 1864. Frank Kreiger, enl. Sept. 29, 1862 ; taken prisoner by enemy, Nov. 6, 1863 ; re joined company, June 4, 1865. George G. Krebbs, enl. Oct. 19, 1864; one-year recruit. Andrew Longhousor, enl. Sept. 6, 1862; taken prisoner, July 31, 1864. Robert W. McLean, enl. Sept. 10, 1802 ; taken prisoner, July 31, 1 864 ; rejoined company, June 4, 1865. William P. Moore, enl. Sept. 13, 1862; taken prisoner, July 31, 1864. John Mohn, enl. Oct. 19, 1861; one-year recruit. William Myers, enl. Oct. 22, 1864; one-year recruit. Abraham D. Manning, enl. Sept. 14, 1864; one-year recruit. John R. Nichols, enl. Sept. 11, 1862; taken prisoner by enemy, July 31, 1864. Ira Pelton, enl. Sept. 12, 1862. Minor Swem, enl. Sept. 6, 1862. John W. Smith, enl. Sept. 2, 1862; one-year recruit. Charles Vanboni, enb Sept. 7, 1862 ; taken prisoner of war, July 31, 1804. John Weaver, enl. Sept. 5, 1862. Martin White, enl. Sept. 1, 1862; taken prisoner of war, July 31, 1864. Resigned. ^ Capt. Ira Furguson, com. Aug. 25, 1862; res. about Oct. 25, 1862. Capt. Eben R. Lindsey, enl. as 1st sergt., Sept. 6, 1862; pro. to capt. about Oct. 25, 1862; res. Dec. 25, 1863. 1st Lieut. Lester G. Moore, com. Aug. 25, 1S62 ; res. June 3, 1863. Discharged. Sergt. Allen W. At-macost, enl. Aug. 30, 1862; severely wounded in an engage ment at West's Gap, Ky., June 9, 1863, and disch. on account of wounds, Feb. 28, 1864. Corp. George W. Armstrong, enl. Sept. 4, 1862 ; disch. for disability about Jan. 15, 1863. Sergt. Frank Browning, enl. Sept. 4, 1862; disch. on or about June 15, 1864, by order, to accept commission iu U. S. C. T. Samuel C. Beakman, enl. Sept. 6, 1862; disch. for disability on or about Aug. 15, 1863. Com.-Sergt. William N. Bell, enl. Sept. 11, 1862 ; disch. for disability on or about Feb. 1,1865. Albert P. Hair, enl. Sept. 11, 1862; disch. for disability on or about June 10, 1863. Q.M.-Sergt. Jos. Lindsey, enl. Oct. 29, 1862; disch. for disability, Jan. 25, 1865. Wilbur McLean, enl. Sept. 16, 1862; disch. for disability on or about Nov. 5, 1862. E. R. Miller, enl. Sept. 27, 1862 ; disch. for disabili ly on or about Feb. 20, 1863. Columbus Snider, enl. Sept. 1, 1862 ; disch. for disability, June 10, 1863. Sergt. Samuel Rice, enl. Sept. 19, 1862; disch. for disability, March 10, 1863. Jacob F. Pride, enl. Sept. 11, 1862 ; disch. for disability, Nov. 15, 1863. Transferred. Com.-Sergt. Wilson Barber, enl. Sept. 16, 1862; trans, to non-com. staff; to regt. com. sergt., April 19, 1864. Corp. Nathan Shin, enl. Sept. 1, 1862; trans, to non-com. staff; to regt. q.ni.- sergt., July 1, 1864. William Armstrong, enl. Sept. 13, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, Aug. 15, 1863. Elkanah Holmes, enl. Sept. 15, 1S62 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, Feb. 27, 1863. George Myers, enl. Sept. 5, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps about Aug. 15, 1863. Casper Mathews, enl. Sept. 5, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps about Aug. 15, '63. Zachariah Newbury, enl. Sept.'12, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps about Jan. 1, 1863. Isaac N. Carter, onl. Sept. 6, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps about Aug. 15, 1863. Byrnem Temple, enl. Sept. 8,1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps about Aug. 15, 1S63. Origin Thompson, enl. Sept. 11, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps about Feb. 20, 1863. Died. 1st Lieut. Samuel Murphey, com. Aug. 25, 1862; died of disease contracted in service, June 7, 1864. Bugler Leonidas Archer, enl. Aug. 28, 1862; killed in engagement at Carter's Station, Tenn , Dec. 30, 1862. Saddler George Arthur, enl. Sept. 10, 1862 ; taken prisoner Nov. 6, 1863 ; re ported to have died in prison. Alonzo B. Butler, enl. Sept. 11, 1862; died of disease in hospital at Lexington, Ky., April 1, 1863. Edward Butler, enl. Sept. 27, 1862 ; died of disease in bospital at Lexington, ' Ky., May 10, 1863. James Craig, enl. Sept. 10, 1862; died of disease in hospital at Lexington, Ky., May 24, 1864. Marcel lus M. Colthar, enl. Feb. 29, 1864 ; taken prisoner Aug. 27, 1864 ; reported to have diod in prison. Sergt. Christian Donaldson, enl. Sept. 6, 1862 ; killed by tbe enemy at Burnt Hickory, Ga., May 27, 1864. Jacob Davis, enl. Sept. 5, 1862 ; taken prisoner July 31, 1864 ; reported to have died in prison. David Filer, enl. Sept. 11, 1862; died of disease, May 10, 1864. William Gorman, enl. Sept. 1, 1862 ; died of disease, July 2, 1861. Alexander Gordon, enl. Sept. 11,1862; died of disease at Hari-odsburg, Ky., Feb. 28, 1863. Smith A. Gravit, enl. Sept. 11, 1862 ; taken prisoner Nov. 6, 1863 ; reported to have died in prison. Nathaniel Honning, enl. Sept. 6, 1862 ; taken prisoner Nov. 6, 1863 ; reported to have died about Sept. 6, 1864. Elijah B. Hall, onl. Sept. 5, 1862; taken prisoner July 31, 1864; died at An napolis, Md., Dec. 31, 1864. Sergt. Andrew J. Idiot, onl. Sept. 6, 1862 ; taken prisoner July 30, 1801 ; diod at Andersonville, Ga., Jan. 1, 1865. Sergt. George W. Lindsey, enl. Aug. 28, 1862; died at Annapolis, Md., March 15, 1865. Wesley W. Mount, onl. Sept. 2,1862; killed in an engagement with enemy, June 9, 1863. Gilbert B. McGill, enl. Sept. 22, 1862 ; taken prisoner by enemy, Nov. 6, 1863 ;, died of disease at Annapolis, Md., Jan. 10, 1865. William L. Miller, enl. Nov. 26, 1863 ; taken prisoner July 30, 1864 ; reported to have died while a prisoner of war. Leander Penny, enl. Aug. 25, 1864; died of disease in hospital, March 18,1865, at Nashville, Tenu. Jacob Roller, enl. Sept. 10, 1802 ; taken prisoner by enemy, July 30, 1864 ; re ported to have died while a prisoner of war. Samuel W. Swainey, enl. Sept. 5, 1862; taken prisoner by enemy, Nov. 6, 1863 ; reported to have died while a prisoner of war. Peter Sanders, enl. Sept. 29, 1862 ; taken prisoner by enemy, J nly 30. ISO! ; died at Annapolis, Md., Jan. 4, 1865. Charles F. Stewart, enl. Sept. 5, 1S62 ; taken prisoner by enemy, July 30, 1864; reported to have died while a prisoner of war. Alfred Tribbey, enl. Sept. 1, 1862 ; taken prisoner by enemy, Jnly 30, 1864 ; re ported to have died, Nov. 30, 1864, while a prisoner of war at Millen, Ga. Joseph Trees, enl. Sept. 13, 1862 ; died of disease in hospital at Danville, Ky., Feb. 24, 1863. Wagoner James H. Kain, enl. Sept. 16, 1862 ; died of disease, April 15, 1864. Corp. George W. Vail, enl. Sept. 8, 1862; taken prisoner by enemy, Nov. 6, 1863; reported to have died while a prisoner of war at Andersonville, Ga. NINTH OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY. The Clermont men in this organization were in the bat talion which left Camp Dennison Feb. 6, 1864, for Nash ville, Tenn., and which was assigned to duty in Alabama. For some time its operations were confined to the northern part of that State, extending southward and east until a union was effected with Gen. Sherman's lines, near Mari etta, on the 22d of July. After some active engagements in Georgia it was ordered to Louisville to procure a fresh supply of horses, and then again started for Atlanta, where it joined the Federal forces in the marcli to tho sea, render ing most efficient service in protecting the infantry. In the march through the Carolinas a large number of horses having been rendered unfit for service, a part of the men were organized into a " dismounted command." Both branches of the regiment acquitted themselves with great bravery in the latter stages of the war, often coping with the enemy at great odds. After the surrender of Johnston the Ninth was ordered to Concord, N. C, where it remained on duty till the last of July, 1865. On the 2d of August, 1865, the regimental colors were turned over at Columbus, Ohio. OFFICERS AND MEN FROM CLERMONT COUNTY. COMPANY L. Capt. Asbury P. Gatch, com. Dec. 2, 1863 ; was capt. since organization of the company. 1st Lieut. James Boileau, com. March 21, 1865 ; pro. from 2d lieut., Co. D, same regiment. 1st Lieut. Peter F. Swing, com. Doc. 2, 1863; pro. to capt. of Co. F, same regiment. 2d Lieut. Amos Briner, com. Dec. 16, 1864; pro. from 1st sergt., Co. H, same regiment, Dec. 16, 1864. 236 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. 2d Lieut. William B. Ely, com. Dec. 2,1863; pro. to 1st lieut. Co. K, Bame regi ment, Dec. 16, 1864. 1st Sergt. John E. Hutchinson, enl. Nov. 11, 1863 ; pro. from sergt. to 1st sergt., June 12, 1865. Q.M.-Sergt. Halsey H. Glassford, enl. Dec. 5. 1863; veteran. Com.-Sergt. Randolph S. Swing, enl. Sept. 24, 1863. Sergt. Charles Nichols, enl. Sept. 4, 1863. Sergt. Andrew Taylor, enl. Oct. 21, 1863. Sergt. James H. Sapp, enl. Sept. 29, 1863. Sergt. John II. Ireton, enl. Oct. 13, 1863; pro. from Corp., June 12, 1865. Sergt. Benjamin F. Zugg, enl. Sept. 23, 1863; pro. from Corp., June 14, 1865. Corp. Stephen Martin, enl. Oct. 17, 1863. Corp. Lucius F. Woodruff, enl. Nov. 18, 1863 ; prisoner, held by enemy, Feb. 10, 1865. Corp. John BarneB, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Corp. William Agar, enl. Nov. 30, 1863. Corp. Elliott B. McKeever. enl. Nov. 17, 1863. Corp. John L. JohnBon, enl. Sept. 16, 1863; private at enlistment;, pro. May 1, 1805. Corp. William A. Armstrong, enl. Oct. 17, 1863 ; veteran ; private at enlistment ; pro. June. 12, 1865. Corp. Francis M. Hinton, enl. Nov. 30, 1863; private at enlistment; pro. June 14, 1865. Blacksmith John Davidson, enl. Nov. 20,1863; paroled at Camp Columbus, Ohio. Elijah Allen, enl. Dec. 5, 1863 ; veteran. Henry C. Alves, enl. Oct. 5,1863. JameB F. Ankruin, eul. Sept. 4, 1863. George M. Apgar, enl. Oct. 20, 1863; veteran. John E. Applegate, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. NelBon Armstrong, enl. Oct. 17, 1863 ; sick in hospital. Ashabel Barnes, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. James M. Boyd, enl. Nov. 30, 1863. John Brandenburg, eul. Nov. 18, 1863. William Brown, enl. Oct. 30, 1863. Edmond Birdsall, enl. Oct. 13, 1863; sick in hospital at Louisville, Ky. Madison B. Butler, enl. Nov. 6,1863. James W. Calhoun, enl. Sept. 26,1863. Milton Campbell, enl. Jan. 27, 1864; veteran. William A. Critchfield, enl. Jan. 4, 1864; veteran. Joseph Davis, enl. Oct. 27, 1863. John S. Day, enl. Sept. 3,1863. Dennis Dondenue, enl. Nov. 2, 1863; prisoner, held by enemy, April 11, 1865. William L. Doughty, enl. Sept. 24, 1863. Simpson G. Dowdell, onl. Nov. 20, 1863. Henry Engle, enl. Dec. 2, 1863. Marcellus Fagin, enl. Oct. 3, 1863. George W. Fee, enl. Sept. 29, 1863. James Gallagher, enl. Nov. 4,1863; paroled at Camp Columbus, Ohio. Henry Hadley, enl. Sept. 29,1863; veteran. Thomas J, Hartman,' enl. Sept. 7, 1863. Thomas R. Hartman, onl. Oct. 14, 1863; paroled at Camp Columbus, Ohio. Alfred Hughes, enl. Oct. 20, 1863. Cloyd Johnson, enl. Nov. 17, 1863; veteran. Peter Keller, enl. Sept. 24, 1863; veteran. Erastus A. Kelley, enl. Oct. 15, 1863; prisoner, held by enemy since April 11, 1865. George Killinger, enl. Nov. 25, 1863. Ephraim T. Leeds, enl. Oct. 10, 1863. Felix M. Leever, enl. Oct. 29, 1863. Benjamin Light, enl. Sept. 29, 1863. James B. Light, enl. Sept. 24, 1863. Levi W. Lindsey, enl. Oct. 12, 1863. John A. Mace, enl. Aug. 26, 1863. Iredell Malott, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Jerome McDonald, enl. Oct. 10, 1863. Richard McMullen, enl. Nov. 17, 1863. Joseph Moore, enl. Dec. 2, 1863; sick iu hospital at (no place given). William Moore, enl. Oct. 23, 1863. Adam Morgan, enl. Oct. 14, 1863. Charles Morris, enl. Nov. 1, 1864. John T. Mullen, enl. Nov. 7, 1863; prisoner; held by enemy since April 11, 1865. Augustus Nichols, enl. Sept. 4, 1863 ; prisoner ; held by enemy since April 11, 1865. Thomas W. Potter, enl, Nov. 7, 1863. John Price, enl. Nov. 11, 1863 ; veteran. Andrew J. Reynolds, enl. Sept. 24, 1863. Thomas E. Rilea, eul. Nov. 4, 1864. Andrew M. Scott, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. William E. Shafer, enl. Sept. 5, 1863; prisoner; held by enemy since Feb. 10 1865. Cyrus L. Shumard, enl. "Dec. 4, 1863. Oliver P. Smith, enl. Sept. 24, 1863. Thomas C. Smith, enl. Sept. 24, 1863. George Snell, enl. Sept. 24, 1863. William Taylor, enl. Oct. 22, 1863. William B. Thomas, enl. Oct. 29, 1863 ; veteran. Michael White, enl. Sept. 29, 1863. Discharged. 1st Sergt. Riley Y. Woodlief, enl. Oct. 27, 1863 ; disch. March 26,1865, to enable bim to muster as 2d lieut., Co. H, same regiment. 1st Sergt. Quincy A. Brown, enl. Nov. 9, 1863 ; disch. June 12, 1865, for dis ability. Com.-Sergt. William D. Johnson, enl. Sept. 11, 1863; disch. June 14, 1865 for disability. Blacksmith Edward Doughty, enl. Sept. 2, 1864; disch. June 13, 1865, by order of War Department. John V. Armstrong, enl. Sept. 2, 1864 ; disch. June 13, 1865, by order of War Department. Daniel L. Curlis, enl. Sept. 4, 1863 ; disch. June 28, 1865, by order of War De partment. Joseph Doughty, enl. Sept. 2, 1864; disch. June 13, 1865, by order of War De partment. John B. Dumford, enl. Sept. 10, 1863 ; disch. May 25, 1865, by order of War De partment. Francis A. Hitch, enl. Sept. 2, 1864 ; disch. June 13, 1865, by order of War De partment. Tolten Jackson, enl. Sept. 24, 1863; disch. May 25, 1865, by order of War De partment. Thomas McDonald, enl. Nov. 5,1863 ; disch. Jan. 26, 1864, by order of War De partment. Jacob Rapp, enl. Nov. 8, 1863 ; discb. May 25, 1865, by order of Secretary of War. George W. Phillips, enl. Sept. 2, 1864 ; disch. June 13, 1865, by order of Secre tary of War. Jordan M. Sanders, enl. Sept. 24, 1863 ; disch. June 13, 1865, for disability. Theodore F. Sherman, enl. Sept. 24, 1863 ; disch. May 27, 1865, by order of Sec retary of War. George Taylor, enl. Oct. 1, 1863 ; disch. May 25, 1865, by order of Secretary of War. Vincent White, enl. Nov. 4, 1863 ; disoh. Jan. 26, 1864, for disability. Thomas P. White, enl. Sept. 2, 1864 ; disch. May 25, 1865, by order of Secretary of War. Transferred. Sergt. Benjamin F. Kauffman, enl. Nov. 19, 1863; trans. Sept. 1, 1864, to Co. D, same regiment. Benjamin F. Loyd, enl. Oct. 21, 1863 ; trans. April 1, 1865, by order, to Vet. Res. Corps. Deaths. John Jeffries, enl. Jan. 2, 1864 ; died of measles near Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 28, 1864. John Liggett, enl. Oct. 23, 1863 ; died at Athens, Ala., of typhoid fever, April 11, 1804. Sergt. Mordecai Miller, enl. Sept. 24, 1S63 ; died at Athens, Ala., of typhoid fever, April 28, 1864. Daniel Campbell, enl. Dec. 5, 1863 ; died of chronic diarrhoea at Camp Dennison, Ohio, July 5, 1864. Sandford Homan (no date) ; died of erysipelas at Mooresville, Ala., July 31, 1864. Abel Silvers, enl. Nov. 7, 1863; died of intermittent fever in Clermont Co., Ohio, Oct. 22, 1864. Uriah Hadley, enl. Nov. 20, 1863 ; died of gunBhot-wouud, received in action at Beaufort, S. C, Jan. 6, 1865. James Young, enl. Sept. 29, 1863 ; cause of death not known ; died in Clermont Co., Ohio, March 22, 1865. Isaiah Shafey, enl. Oct. 26, 1863 ; cause of death not known ; died at Chatta nooga, Tenn., Dec. 15, 1864. Nicholas Gillian, enl. Dec. 30, 1803. Joseph McNeil, enl. Jan. 11, 1863. ELEVENTH OHIO CAVALRY. COMPANY E. William Brower, enl. June 23, 1863; vet. vol.; served in regimental band; served in 27th 0. V. I. to Aug. 17, 1862. THIRTEENTH OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY. COMPANY D. William Alger, enl. March 17, 1864. Thomas Brenen, enl. March 23, 1864. Philip Brand, enl. April 7, 1864. Stephen Cunkle, enl. March 17, 1864. James E. Crist, enl. March 28, 1804. Thomas T. Doughty, enl. March 17, 1804. William H. Davis, enl. April 5, 1864. Frederick Driefonbach, enl. April 7, 1864. Amos Dixon, enl . March 23, 1864. Moses Edwards, enl. Marcli 23, 1864. Collier Fenner, enl. March 23, 1864. John H. Oliver, enl. March 19, 1864. MILITARY HISTORY. 237 Louis Smith, enl. April 15, 1864. Edward E. Whitcomb, enl. March 20, 1864. James Welch, enl. April 7, 1864. Lewis Walter, enl. April 4, 1864. James Wilson, enl. April 7, 1864. COMPANY E. Joseph Lewis, enl. March 22, 1864; disch. July 4, 1865. COMPANY I. William M. Pollard, enl. Aug. 19, 1864; disch. June 8, 1865. MARINE SERVICE. William W. McFarland, engineer on gunboat " Cincinnati," on Mississippi River. William Shannon, engineer on gunboat "Cincinnati," on Mississippi River. FIRST REGIMENT LIGHT ARTILLERY. COMPANY F. 1st Sergt. William L. McLefresh, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. 1st Sergt. William F. Miller, enl. Aug. 15,1861. Q.M. Joseph I. Berlin, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Corp. William V. Campbell, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Artificer William II. Hickey, enl. Sept 2, 1861. Artificer Josiah D. Richardson, enl. Oct. 1, 1861. Artificer Charles Bratten, enl. Sept. 15, 1801. Frank Armacost, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. George Bell, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Joseph E. Bratton, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Baniford Bell, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. William Drummond, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. William S. Ewart, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. J. W. King, enl. Sept. 25, 1861. John Lafaber, enl. Nov. 11, 1861. Frank Messenger, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Peter Miller, enl. Sept. 11, 1861. John L. Mathews, enl. Oct. 1, 1861. Samuel W. Prather, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. William F. Price, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. James Ryan, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. COMPANY H. John B. Gilfillen, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. SECOND REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY. COMPANY B. William C. Runyan, enl. July 7, 1863 ; veteran brigade at enl. ; appointed corp. Aug. 5, 1863 ; reduced to ranks Nov. 26, 1863. Peter L. Runyan, enl. July 7, 1863. COMPANY C. Gilmore C. Jones, enl. Aug. 3, 1863. COMPANY D. Jacob Wolf, enl. June 24, 1863. COMPANY H. Burton N. Bricker, enl. July 2, 1863 ; veteran. Frank J. Cooper, enl. Jan. 25, 1863. John F. Dennis, enl. Jan. 20, 1863. George W. Hood, enl. July 31, 1863. Albert Martin, enl. July 21, 1863. James White, enl. June 25, 1863. Elijah Reeds, enl. July 21, 1863. Amos Shelle, enl. July 22, 1863. Holly J. Sargent, enl. June 26, 1863. Samuel L. Ulrey, enl. Sept. 1, 1863 ; musician at enrollment. Burton M. Brickler, enl. July 2, 1863. Oscar I. Boyd, enl. July 2, 1863. Peter T. Walker, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Discharged. 1st Sergt. John W. Smith, enl. Aug. 12, 1863; disch. to accept com. as 2d lieut., tendered by Governor of Ohio, Sept. 28, 1864. 1st Sergt. Marion McDonald, onl. July 11, 1863; disch. to accept com. as 2d lieut., tendered by Governor of Ohio, June 25, 1865. Thomas W.LadBon, enl. July 21, 1863; disch. at Knoxville, Tenn., May 15, 1865. FIRST REGIMENT OHIO INDEPENDENT BAT- TERY. BATTERY No. 1, CAPT. KIRTLAND'S COMPANY. 1st Sergt. William T. Moreton, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; pro. from q.m.-sergt., Dec. 14, 1864, to 1st sergt., Jan. 5, 1865. Q.M.-Sorgt. William S. Barkiey, enl. Aug. 10, 1862; pro. from Corp., July 16, 1864, to q.m.-sergt., Jan. 5, 1865. Sergt. Mark Fitzwater, enl. Aug. 22, 1862 ; pro. from Corp., July 16, 1864, to sergt., Dec. 14,1804. Sergt. Alexander K. Price, enl. Aug. 24, 1862 ; pro. from Corp., July 16, 1864, to sergt., Dec. 14, 1864. Corp. Jesse Rogers, enl. Aug. 15, 1862 ; private at enl. ; pro. July 16, 1864. Corp. William Johnson, enl. Aug. 21, 1862 ; private at enl. ; pro. Sept. 1, 1864. Bugler Leander Zimmerman, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Levi B. Armacost, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. John L. Barber, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. George Clark, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Amos Camery, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. William Edwards, enl. Aug. 28, 1862. Wesley R. Fee, eul. Aug. 12, 1862. Theodore Galaski, enl. Aug. 12,1862. Luke Leonard, enl. Aug. 25, 1862. Harvey W. Moorehead, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Thomas E. Slack, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Henry C. Stewart, eul. Aug. 16, 1862. Discharged. William Buchanan, enl. Aug. 17, 1862; disch. May 3, 1865. Aaron DanBberry, enl. Aug. 6, 1862; disch. from hospital at Gallipolis, Ohio, Sept. 16, 1864. Jerome II. Fee, enl. Aug. 14, 1862 ; disch. Sept. 12, 1864, to accept pro. James A. Pattorson, enl. Aug. 21, 1862; disch. from hospital at Gallipolis, Ohio, September, 1864. George W. Puikhiser, enl. Aug. 24, 1862; disch. from hospital at St. Louis, Oc tober, 1864. David Rush, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; disch. at Fayettevillo, Va., Jan. 27, 1863, for disability. FIFTH UNITED STATES COLORED TROOPS. COMPANY A. Anderson J. Broddis, enl. Aug. 25, 1864. COMPANY B. Samuel Beverly, enl. June 2, 1863 ; killed in action of Chapin's Farm, Sept. 29, 1865. Corp. Jeremiah Lewis, enl. June 29, 1863 ; died of disease at Point of Rocks Hospital. Corp. William Lewis, enl. June 29, 1863; died of disease at Hampton, Va., Aug. 12, 1864. George Walclen, enl. July 7, 1863 ; died of disease at Poin t of Rocks Hospital. Corp. Marquis L. Simons, enl. July 24, 1863; killed in action at Chapin's Farm, Va., Sept. 29, 1864. Corp. Franklin Slone, enl. June 20, 1863. Corp. John H. Stewart, enl. June 28, 1863. Thomas Bundy, enl. June 27, 1863; in hospital. Creed Calmees, enl. June 1, 1863. Charles Cosby, enl. June 11, 1863. Franklin Cole, enl. June 27, 1863 ; in hospital. Henry Cousins, enl. June 27, 1863. Noah Cooper, enl. July 6, 1863. John Dole, enl. May 30, 1863. Andrew Jackson, enl. July 8, 1863. William Jones, enl. June 24, 1863. Robert Miemis, enl. July 1, 1863. George Tanner, enl. June 24, 1863. George White, onl. May 20, 1863. Discharged. Garrett Blair, enl. June 30, 1863; disch. Nov. 30, 1863, for disability. James Coleman, enl. July 7, 1863; disch. June 7, 1865, for disability. George Gales, enl. June 1, 1863 ; disch. May 18, 1865, for disability. Curp. James Hill, enl. June 2, 1863; disch. May 18, 1865, for disability. Corp. John H. Hill, enl. June 7, 1863 ; disch. May 18, 1865, for disability. Richard McDonald, enl. June 27, 1863 ; disch. May 18, 1865, for disability. Edward Mickey, enl. June 20, 1863 ; disch. May 18, 1865, for disability. Charles McCraw, enl. June 27, 1863 ; disch. May 18, 1865, for disability. William Valentine, enl. June 13, 1863; disch. June 24, 1865, for disability. Heury Zimmerman, enl. June 27, 1863 ; disch. May 18, 1865, for disability. Horace Sowards, enl. June 3, 1863 ; disch. May 18, 1865, for disability. Died. Corp. James Bow, enl. June 2, 1863; died of disease at Newbern, N. C, Sept. 9, 1865. COMPANY C. David Smith, enl. June 27, 1863. COMPANY F. William Harris, enl. July 25, 1863. COMPANY K. Thomas Alexander, enl. Aug. 6, 1864. Benjamin Bailey, enl. Aug. 6, 1864. Green Sayers, enl. Aug. 6, 1864. John Bun-ell, enl. Aug. 6, 1864. Rice Malcomb, enl. Aug. 6, 1864. 238 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. CLERMONT WAR-MONEYS. The county was no less ready to give a pecuniary sup port to the war than to furnish men ; but here again occurs a difficulty, which makes it impossible to give Clermont the credit which she deserves. In but few instances have the records of the township trustees and local organizations, showing the amounts paid out, been preserved, and the aggregate can only be approximated. For the relief of the families of the volunteers the Legislature passed sev eral acts, creating the volunteer relief fund, to wit : May 10, 1861, authorizing a levy of half a mill on a dollar; Feb. 13, 1862, three-fifths of a mill on a dollar; March 21, 1863, one mill; Feb. 25, 1864, two mills; and April 16, 1865, two mills. In addition bills were passed author izing the townships of the- State to levy taxes for bounty purposes, and to clear themselves of a draft, if one were ordered. Aside from the amounts thus raised and dis bursed by townships and local organizations (of which no records exist), the county paid out for bounties and sub stitutes, one hundred and forty-six thousand and ninety- eight dollars and forty-seven cents ; for general military purposes, seventeen thousand four hundred and sixty-one dollars and thirty-four cents ; and for the relief of soldiers' families, forty-six thousand seven hundred and forty-three dollars and eighteen cents, — an aggregate of two hundred and ten thousand three hundred and seven dollars and sixty-five cents, paid to aid in carrying on the war to sup press the Rebellion. During the war the sum of ninety- six thousand seven hundred dollars and ninety cents was sent home by the soldiers, through the volunteer relief fund, for the support of their families. THE KIRBY SMITH RAID AND THE MORGAN INVASION. The threatened raid of the rebel Gen. Kirby Smith in the fall of 1862 was justly the occasion of much alarm. His rapid movements through Kentucky towards the unpro tected border directed attention to the possibility of an invasion, which, under a daring leader, would hardly meet with any check. In this emergency the enlistment of troops was hurried on, and the Governor tried to arouse the people to a sense of their danger by issuing the fol lowing proclamation : "Cincinnati, Ohio, Sept. 2, 1862. "To the Loyal People op the River Counties: " Our southern border is threatened with invasion. I have, there fore, to recommend that all loyal men of your counties at once form themselves into military companies and regiments, to beat back the enemy at any point and all points he may attempt to invade the State. Gather up all arms in the country and furnish yourselves with am munition for the same. The service will be of but few days' dura tion. The soil of Ohio must not be marched over by the enemies of our glorious government. "David Ton, Governor." The people responded with alacrity, and every species of firearm was gotten in readiness for use should the dreaded enemy come, when it was proposed to march en masse upon the border and repel the rebel horde. The grotesque fig ures the countrymen presented, armed most generally with shot-guns, caused them to be called the " squirrel-hunters ¦" but there can be no question, had they been called on to do actual service they would have fought with the desperation of men whose all is at stake, and might have done as muoh execution as soldiers whose heart was not in the struggle. Soon after this proclamation it appeared as if Kirby Smith intended to invade Ohio through Clermont. The belief caused the wildest alarm. An appeal was made to the Governor to place the county under martial law, and to invest the provost-marshal with unusual powers. In re sponse to this entreaty, acting-Governor Stanton granted the request, proclaimed martial law in Clermont, and placed the county in charge of 0. P. S. Fee, as provost-marshal. The latter at once appointed a number of deputies, to whom the arms-bearing population were ordered speedily to report, so that there might be some concert of action in case of inva sion. Upon the return to Columbus of Governor Tod, the day following, he at once annulled the order, which by this time had caused great confusion among the people of the county, by writing the following letter: "The State of Ohio, Executive Department, " Columbus, Sept. 11, 1862. "0. P. S. Fee, Esq., Felicity, Ohio : " Dear Sir, — I have but this moment ascertained the attempted extent of authority given you by Lieutenant-Governor Stanton, and I regret to find that it far exceeds any authority that I myself could give you. I am desirous that the people of the border counties should voluntarily form military organizations, but, in the absence of law, it must be purely voluntary. " As Governor Stanton acted in the matter entirely without my knowledge, he, of course, acted without authority, and hence your acls are void. Knowing well that you acted from the best of motives, you must not construe this as censuring you; on the contrary, lam obliged to you and all who acted with you for your efforts in arousing the people to the sense of their danger. " Very truly yours, "David Tod, Governor." The excitement caused by these matters was soon forgot ten, the more stirring events of the war claiming the atten tion of the people. For nearly a year a comparative sense of security prevailed along the border, when Clermont was again agitated by the threatened invasion of John Morgan. Although moving towards the State below the county it was believed by some that his raid would extend up the Ohio and fall most heavily on the river counties. A few days served to realize the worst fears, all doubts being re moved by the actual presence of the rebel chieftain. With a force of about two thousand men he had crossed the Ohio into the State of Indiana, and after making a feint towards Indianapolis, moved rapidly up the river, striking Clermont County on the 13th of July, 1863. His march was so rapid that the people living eight or ten miles beyond the line were not aware of his being in the county. In general, his movement was over the Williamsburgh, Batavia, and Cincinnati turnpikes, but scouting-parties passed to the right and the left, taking with a free hand whatever pleased their fancy, without reference to its actual worth or utility, although a strong preference was everywhere manifested for horses. But few, if any, of the citizens were treated with indignity or subjected to insult. The night of the 13th of July, 1863, was spent by the rebels in the village of Williamsburgh, Gen. Morgan having his headquarters at the Kain House. The halt was made for the sake of affording theiaded horses and exhausted men the rest they needed, the command having been on the MILITARY HISTORY. 239 march all the previous night. Beyond the noise made by the patrols in the street, the village was never quieter at night, and there was but little apprehension of harm to life or home. Early the next morning the notes of bugles called the men to duty, and after having eaten a hasty breakfast the entire force disappeared. By eight o'clock not a man remained ; but before they took their final de parture they burned the bridge at Williamsburgh. Several hours later the advance-guard of Gen. Hobson's forces, in pursuit of Morgan, passed through Williamsburgh, fording the East Fork a short distance above the burning bridge. The troops continued to pass through the village all fore noon, but the raiders, now refreshed, were many miles in advance, spreading everywhere the terror which attached to the name of John Morgan. In addition to the regular forces which pursued the rebels, thousands of militia-men joined in the chase. In Clermont five hundred and seven men, constituting seven companies, were under orders several days for this purpose, at a cost to the government of thirteen hundred and twenty-eight dollars and fifty-one cents. In their zeal and haste to do something to thwart the rebel chieftain, some of their actions bordered on the ludicrous. It having been reported that Morgan meant to make a retrograde move ment and pillage Cincinnati, the militia set to work to fell trees across the roads at a time when the raiders were forty miles eastward. At Williamsburgh, before the rebels ap peared, an attempt was made to form the citizens into a company to offer armed resistance, which happily was cut short by the arrival of Morgan's scouts. The raid through the county, aside from many ludicrous incidents which necessarily attached, was characterized mainly by the de struction of property by both forces, which gave rise to the MORGAN RAID CLAIMS. In pursuance of an act of the Legislature of Ohio (passed by the Fifty-sixth General Assembly of the State), provision was made for the appointment of three commis sioners to examine and report upon all claims growing out of the Morgan raid, and return their proceedings, their findings, and the facts upon which each claim was founded. The board, consisting of Alfred McVeigh, of Fairfield ; George W. Barker, of Washington ; and Henry S. Bab- bett, of Franklin Counties, proceeded to each county through which Morgan and his forces passed, and conducted with great care their investigations. The plan of examina tion was to require each claimant to state under oath the particulars relating to his claim, — as to the property owned by him which was taken, destroyed, or injured by the rebels, or Union forces in pursuit thereof; as to its value at the time ; whether he had ever received any compensa tion for the same in any form ; and whether said property had been listed in Ohio for taxation in 1863. The exami nations were conducted publicly, and the claimants found themselves surrounded by their neighbors and acquaintances, who could, by testimony, confirm or refute their statements as truth and justice demanded. The losses at the hands of the rebel forces have never been paid, but Congress has settled most of those incurred at the hands of the Union forces; and the few remaining ones unliquidated will be paid this year. We give an abstract of claims allowed for property taken, destroyed, or injured by the rebels in Cler mont, with post-office of the owner : II. C. Anderson, Williamsburgh; one horse $70 T. W. Anderson, Williamsburgh ; two horses, one watch, and clothing 215 Levi Armacost, Williauisburgh; horse, watch, hat 35 John Atchley, Williamsburgh ; two horses, wagon, hay, gro ceries, grain, damage to buggy 430 W. S. Atohley, AVilliamsburgh; saddlery goods 25 J. Bal/.hiser, Owensville; horse and bridle 125 Emly Barber, Mulberry; saddle and harness 20 Alexander Beall, Williamsburgh ; groceries and provisions.... 75 W. T. Beatty, Goshen; four horses, saddles, bridles 490 Lewis Behymer, Marathon ; horse and harness 100 S. S. Beltz, Newtonville; horse 75 Fred. Berger, Williamsburgh; horse 80 James Bickmore, Belfast; cash and horse damaged 80 C. W. Bilaficld, Owensville; bread, cakes, money, liquors, and groceries 50 John Birkett, Williamsburgh ; dry goods, boots, shoes, and corn 1,500 Robert Blair, Williamsburgh; two horses, wheat, harness 200 J. S. Bone, Batavia; three horses 300 John Bools, Williamsburgh ; two barrels beer Noah Booso, Owensville; four horses, buggy, gun, harness, clothing, jewelry, and cash 550 William Boyd, Williamsburgh; two horses, corn, harness 290 Jobn Boyle' and J. C. Springer, Owensville; two horses 275 Joseph S. Branch, Branch Hill; damages to horse, recovered, saddle, blanket, and bridle 90 J. H. Brown, Mulberry; one horse 125 B. F. Buckingham, Miamiville; one horse and meat 118 J. and J. F. Burns, Owensville; horse, harness, corn 100 C. T. Burnside, Bethel; horse, harness, blanket 84 D. C. Carter. Williamsburgh; damage to horse, recovered 30 Samuel Carter, Williamsburgh ; two horses, blankets, jewelry. 200 John Carter, Williamsburgh; one horse 100 II. M. Chatterton, Bethel ; horse, wagon, harness, blanket.... 48 Philip Chatterton, Willinrasburgh ; spring-wagon 70 James Clark. Belfast; two horses, harness 125 Reader W. Clarke, Batavia; one pony 50 Clermont County, bridge over east fork at Williamsburgh 2,700 A. B. Cleveland, Amelia; two horses, and damage to horse, recovered 120 John Cobb, Williamsburgh; horse, two halters '. 140 A. It. Combs, Mulberry; one horse 125 Jacob Collins, Miamiville; clothing, pistol, jewelry, trunk, fruits, etc 60 Joseph Courtot, Owensville; one horse and bridle, damage to horse, recovered 100 Rebecca Cox, Mulberry; saddle and bridle 12 Christian Criegor, Batavia; liquors, crackers, etc 9 Asher Curlis, Sr., Afton ; one rifle 15 John Custer, Sr.. Mulberry ; five horses and one mule 700 Joseph Custer, Goshen; one horse 125 William Durrah, Goshen ; two horses, saddle, bridle 200 A. D. Dougherty, Owensville; two horses and halters 250 James A. Davis, Afton; gun and accoutrements 25 John Davidson, Owensville; one horse 130 Ezekiel Dimmitt, Owensville; groceries, boots, shoes, dry goods, etc 350 O. Dudley & Sons, Williamsburgh; horse, bridle, com 81 Joseph Dufau, Owensvillo ; clothing, provisions, harness, dam age to two horses, recovered 75 David Dumford, Goshen; one horse 150 William Dumford, Williamsburgh; rifle, ammunition 10 J. S. Dustin, Batavin ; two horses 200 J. Duttenhoffer, Owensville; one horse, halters, damage to horse, recovered 200 Mary Dwyer, Williamsburgh ; cash, oats 25 John Eliott, Miamiville; two horses, corn 150 George M. Ellis, Williamsburgh ; one horse 100 J. B. Ellis, Williamsburgh; one horse 60 John Irvin, Mulberry; four horses 240 Martha J. Everhart, Williamsburgh; one horse 100 O. E. Everhart, Williamsburgh ; one pair boots 8 H. H. Ferguson, Williamsburgh; corn, hay, and damage to fencing and cornfield 25 "W. G. Ferguson, Miamiville; two horses 270 Snowden Ferree, Owensville ; one horse 125 Artis Fitzwater, Miamiville; two horses, mule, grain 230 Lewis Fitzwater, Miamiville; two mules 230 John Fitzwater, Sr., Miamiville; four horses, corn, oats, wheat, sacks, harness 380 Samuel Fitzwater, Williamsburgh; one horse 5 Valentine Flegle, Goshen; one horse 50 J. S. Florey, Goshen ; one horse 100 Joseph Foster, Owensville; goods from variety-store and cash stolen 400 Z. Furlong, Batavia ; one horse 100 Mrs. E. B. Gage, Batavia; one horse 150 Nicholas Gall, Owensville; groceries, dry goods, cash, and horse 2 $5 240 HISTORY OF CLERMONT COUNTY, OHIO. John Gipson, Batavia; one horse Geo. Girarchy, Bethel ; spring-wagon, harness J. AV. Glancey, Williamsburgh; one horse J. W. Glenn, Goshen; one horse and blacksmith tools AVm. Hale, Mulberry; horse, hay, corn Joseph Harrison, Batavia; horse, hay, harness Geo. B. Harry, AVilliamsburgh; horse, saddle, gun, bridle, and halter Jacob Hartman, Cherry Grove; one horse J. N. Henning, Henning's Mills; one horse D. H. Hill, Goshen; horse, saddle, bridle Hezekiah Hill, Owensville: one horse John B. Hill, Owensville; one horse S. V. Hill, Sr., Miamiville; horse and bridle Rev. AV. E. Hines, New Richmond ; clothing, provisions, etc. Arthur J. Hodges, Batavia; one gun Sebastian Hoog, Owensville; one horse A. J. Hoover, AVilliamsburgh ; horse, bridle, halter, corn, and bay Abe Hulick, Batavia; two horses Erastus Hulick, Batavia; three horses Newt. Hutchinson, Miamiville ; two horses, clothing, watch.. S. R. Hutchinson, Miamiville; two horses, saddle, corn, damage to recovered horse R. B. Irwin, Goshen ; horse and halter F. X. luen, Owensville; horse, goods from store John B. luen, Marathon ; clothing, provisions, harness, and damage to spring-wagon Blair Jeffries, Olive Branch; horse and bridle John Johnston, Cincinnati; one horse S^ John Johnston, Loveland; one horse ST^Daniel Kain, Williamsburgh ; cash stolen >John W. Kain, Williamsburgh ; horse, corn, hay, and one hundred and thirty-six meals..... , Catharine Keller, Owensville; two horses Adam Kline, Batavia; seventy-five pounds crackers, eight pounds cheese, at retail rates, per order of Dick Morgan. AVilliam Klock, Belfast; one horBe Lytle Knott, Belfast; one horse John Kugler, Milford ; three horses, five mules, saddles and bridles William Lattimer, Owensville; spring-wagon, horse-shoes, and tools Erasmus Laughlin, Henning's Mills; one horse John Laughlin, Henning's Mills; one horse T. M. Leeds, AVilliamsburgh; one horse H. W. Leever, Miamiville; one saddle H. G. Leever, -Miamiville ; two mules Melissa Leffingwell, Williamsburgh; grain from mill Charles Legrand, Owensville; corn and horse Ezekiel Leming, Mulberry; two horses R. H. Leming, Mulberry; one horse Uriah Leming, Mulberry; one horse H. W. Lewis, Williamsburgh; one horse John F. Lewis, AVilliamsburgh; two horses Henry Long, Owensville ; harness, and damage to his carriage. Moses Long, Owensville; two horses William Lyle, Williamsburgh; two horses, buggy, harness, corn, provisions James Lyon, Owensville; cash, jewelry, clothing, provisions... Dorcas Lytle, AVilliamsburgh ; two horses and corn John AV. Lyle, AVilliamsburgh; corn, hay, wheat, saddle, harness, and damage to orchards and fences Rowan Lytle, Williamsburgh ; wheat destroyed, corn, hay, ten acres meadow, bridles, damage to fencing, harness, and one coat Thomas W. Lytle, Williamsburgh, corn, harness, damage to wagon Little Miami, Columbus and Xenia Railroad Company,Wil- liamsburgh; damage to locomotive, four passenger-cars, and one baggage-car, in this county Banner Maham, Batavia; one horse, damage to recovered horse Benjamin Maham's estate, Batavia; one horse, damage to re covered borse George Mabam, Batuvia; horse and two bridles John W. Maham, Batavia; one horse Levi Maham, Batavia; horse and bridle Samuel Maham, Batavia; horse, bridle, and damage to horse, recovered John C. Malone, Batavia; two horses W. W. Malott, Williamsburgh; cash, pistol, blanket, and knapsack John Marsh, Owensville; two horses, halters, bridle Joseph Marsh, Owensville; one horse AVilliam Marsh, Batavia; one horse, halter, horse-shoes 0. P. McAdams, Williamsburgh; one silver watch, provisions, household goo it A. F. McCall, Williamsburgh; one horse Levi McFarland, Owensville; one horse Thomas McFarland, Owensville; one home Archibald McLean, AVilliamsburgh ; two horses W. S. McLean, AVilliamsburgh; horse, corn, hay, and pro visions J. F. McMillen, AVilliamsburgh; corn and harness " J. D. & G. A. McNutt, AVilliamsburgh; corn, halter, bridle... $50 70 125 80 60 75 100 50 115 02 100125 75 28 50 95 75 2110 300 205 270 80 400 100 100100 8030 127 245 6075 104 700 75 100 60 7 300 40 150 250 100125 75 250 35 300 320 60 195 140 300 140 13,700 100160150 . 135 125 155 200 145 50 110 40 100 100 80 200 40 58 32 John McNutt, Henning's Mills; two horses and harness §225 AVilliam Megrue, Mulberry; seven horses g^g Solomon Mershon, Williamsburgh ; two horses jjq Jacob Miller, Owensville; one horse jqq W. L. Miller, Williamsburgh; horse, saddle, blanket, and harness gg Ezekiel Mitchell, Marathon; damages to horse, recovered, harness, blankets 55 David Mitchell, Batavia; damages to horse, recovered, watch, grain, harness 25 Eliza E. Moore, Batavia; one horse 145 John D. Moore, Batavia; damage to two horse3 50 Nathaniel Moore, Williamsburgh; six coats, six pair of pants, four vests 30 George F. Morris, Goshen; one horse ; gg Peter Morris, Williamsburgh; horse, bridle, hay, corn, pro visions 200 AVilliam Motsinger, Owensville; clothing 20 AV. H.Myers, Goshen; three horses 263 J. M. Needham, Owensville; horse and damage to one horse, recovered 165 Daniel O'Connell, Cincinnati; three horses, damage to bug gies, harness, and grain 500 John G. Oonk, Owensville; horse and tailor's stock 375 A. J. Orr, Loveland; two horses 275 A. Oskamp, Miamiville ; eleven horses, one carriage, harness, grain, and forty-three sheep 1,800 Robert Parker, Batavia; one horse 160 A. J. Patton, AArilliamsburgh; corn, gun, provisions 36 William Pattison, Owensville; groceries, dry goods 80 Dr. L. T. Pease, AVilliamsburgh ; corn, and one horse, wagon. 290 Martin G. Pease, Williamsburgh ; corn, harness, wheat, straw, overcoat 75 Mahlon Pearson, Afton ; corn, provisions, overcoats, halters, and damage to recovered horse v Holly R. Perrine, Williamsburgh; ready-made clothing 300 George A. Peterson, AVilliamsburgh; one horse 80 John J. Peterson, Williamsburgh; one thousand pounds of hams, two thousand five hundred pounds of shoulders, corn, hay, and harness 400 Valentine Philips, Owensvillo; boots and shoes 15 N. Poland, Mulberry ; cash from person 6 G.W. Pool, Miamiville; one horse 75 J. A. Porter, Mulberry; three horses and bridles 300 John Purkis, Owensville; one horse 125 Benjamin Rapp, Owensville; damage to horse, recovered, saddle, bridle 50 John Rapp, Owensville ; two horses 200 Joseph B. Rapp, Owensville; horse, household goods, damage to recovered horse 200 William Rapp, Owensville; three horses, gun, clothing 350 A. Reading, Owensville; one horse 125 J. A. Rhodes, Batavia; suit of clothing, gun damaged Richards & Sargent, Williamsburgh; boots, shoes, leather $60 G. AV. Rilter, Mulberry ; horse, buggy, bacon, harness, and damage to stallion, recovered 395 M. F. Robinson, Miamiville; one horse, oats, hay, damage to two horses, recovered 140 J. AV. Sanders, Miamiville; one horse, provisions 80 Zach Sanders, Miamiville; one revolver, cash, gold broast- pin, clothing, and provisions 32 George Sapp, Belfast; horse and halter 100 Arnold Snider, Goshen; horse and halter ". 125 D. H. Sharp, AArilliamsburgh ; saddlery goods 50 Dr. E. C. Sharp, Sr., Williamsburgh; horse, saddle, corn, hay, fencing 140 E. C. Sharp, Jr., AVilliamsburgh; horse and saddle 135 John H. Sharp, Williamsburgh ; dry goods, hats, boots, shoes, groceries, hardware 2,000 M. D. Sharp, Williamsburgh ; one wagon, corn, oats, and cash 86 J. B. Shaw, Milford; one horse 20j> Thomas Shields, Owensville; one horse °" Daniel Shough, Goshen; three horses, harness, saddle, thirty grain-sacks, damage to horse, recovered *?' A. C. Shumard, Owensville; one horse **: Francis Shumard, Monterey; one horse f: Richard Shumard, Owensville; one horse. ?00 William Shumard, Sr., Owensville; one horse 'J: Ezra Simkins, Mulberry; one horse ' John Simkins, Jr., Goshen; one horse, and damago to horse, recovered Mark Simkins, Williamsburgh ; clothing, jewelry, cash, broken truck Slack & Hickox, Williamsburgh ; grain, harness, provisions, peach-trees -,,. Jacob Smith, Goshen; horse and cash 8» John Smith, Goshen; one horse .. Samuel Smith, Goshen; one horse AV. R. Smith, Williamsburgh ; aprons, horse-shoes, nails, and tools oqq Snell & McAdams, AVilliamsburgh; three horses ^ John Snider, Owensville; one horse gQ Henry South, Owensville; one horse gj J. F. South, Owensville; horse and halter ,go Peter South, Owensville; two horses MILITARY HISTORY. 241 Dean Spar, Owensville ; one horse $100 John Spetz, Batavia ; one horse SO John M. Stark, Batavia; two horses, bridles, lines, and corn.. 250 George II. Stewart, Miamiville j horse, hay, one pair boots, provisions 170 B. N. Stockton, Williamsburgh ; dry goods, boots, shoes, hats, groceries, etc 600 A. J. Stratton, Williamsburgh; saddle, bridle, corn, harness, and forty meals to rebels 24 Eli Stratton, Williamsburgh ; two horses and damage to turn pike Peter Stroup, Goshen ; horse and watch 95 Alexander Stewart, Batavia; one horse 65 Hiram Sweet, Afton; one horse 122 Aaron Thompson, Loveland; horse and corn 130 Jacob Thompson, Miamiville; horse and grain 120 John Thompson, Miamiville; one horse 100 E. D.