npssa I "'t;t THE DPCf MISSIONS LIB^AH? Hiimniiniiiiiiiimitinrimnnniii nun THE HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION TO CENTRAL AFRICA, 1 859-1 896. Zhc Distort of tbe ^Universities' flMsef on to Central Bfnca, 1859=1896. BY A. E. M. ANDERSON-MORSHEAD, WITH A PREFACE EY CHARLOTTE MARY YONGE. Ml Honoon : OFFICE OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION TO CENTRAL AFRICA, 9, DARTMOUTH STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W, 1897, " Nor winter stays thy growth, Nor torrid summer's sickly smile ; The flashing billows of the South Break not upon so lone an isle; But thou, ric'h Vine, art planted there, The fruit of death or life to bear, Yielding a surer witness every day ; To thine Almighty Author and His stedfast sway.'' Butler & Tanner, The Selwoo.d Printing Works, Frome, and London, TO THE BLESSED MEMORY OF ALL THOSE WHO FROM CHARLES FREDERICK MACKENZIE, BISHOP, HAVE PASSED TO THEIR REST IN THE SERVICE OF THE MISSION, THIS RECORD OF FAITHFUL WORK IS DEDICATED. CONTENTS. TAGE Author's Preface . . . . . xv Preface xv;j Chronological Table . . . xxjii CHAPTER I. The Call to the Work ....... i CHAPTER II. The Shire Highlands 14 CHAPTER III. War, Famine, and Pestilence 30 CHAPTER IV. New Ground .... 44 CHAPTER V. A Fellow-Worker 63 CHAPTER VI. The Church in the Slave Market 80 viii CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI I. PAGE Daily Work in the Island and on the Mainland . 99 CHAPTER VIII. On the Edge of the Wilderness 124 CHAPTER JX. Lake Nyasa . . . . ... 141 CHAPTER X. Last Days of Bishop Steere 153 CHAPTER XI. The Mission on the Lake .... .169 CHAPTER XII. Christian Villages on the Rovujia 196 CHAPTER XIII. .Magila in the Bonde Country 221 CHAPTER XIV. The Usambara Group of Missions 256 CHAPTER XV. Ten Years in Zanzibar 277 CHAPTER XVI. Two Chief Pastors .... .... 508 CONTENTS. ix CHAPTER XVII. PAGE A Parting View of the Mission 336 CHAPTER XVIII. Slavery 375 APPENDICES I. Methods of Home Work 433 ' II. Methods of Mission Work .... . 439 III. The Constitution of the Mission .... 451 IV. Synodical Action ... 453 V. English Members of the Mission ... . 457 Index ...... 467 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Atlay, Rev. G. W Bandawe, Swinny, Rev. G. H.; Grave of Barnaba Nakaam .... Bashford, Miss, and the Nursery Children Boats on the River Shire Boy Chained to Slave Log . Brewerton, Nurse, with Hospital Servants Cape Town, St. George's. Cathedral . Charles Janson SS >, „ Crew of . „ „ Hauled up at Likoma for Repairs Chisumulu Island .... Chitangali Station .... „ Christians at David Susi .... Farler, Archdeacon, and Native Boys . Four Nyasa Workers . George Sherriff Sailing-boat Glossop, Rev. A. G. B., and Nyasa Boys Goodyear, Archdeacon, and Robert Feruzi Gray, Bishop Hine, Bishop Hornby, Bishop Johnson, Rev. W. P. . . Jones-Bateman, Archdeacon, with Native Deacons Key, Rev. J. K., Distributing Saturday allowance of Soap at Mbweni Kilimani School .... 107 PAGE 333 177 209 120 325424 3i8 9 •5i186 362 182 206 218 167 223 173 327 337 248 5 368 191 367346 350 290 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Kiungani 103 „ Boys at . . . 283 „ Chapel . . . . 297 „ Missionaries and Boys at 279 Theological Students 295 „ West, Rev. A N., Grave of . 89 Kologwe Boys .... 36O „ Church .... 359 „ First Mission House 271 Kota Kota, Brick-making at 364 Ley, Dr. Herbert . 357 Likoma. . . ..... . 190 „ Bishop Hornby and Archdeacon Maples at . ¦ 323 „ Building at 322 „ First Church .... 179 ,, Girls' School 332 „ Mission Station 171 „ Pastoral Staff . 3^9 Limo, Rev. Petro .... 253 Livingstone, Dr. . . . . 3 Locust ... . 34i Mackenzie, Bishop 6 „ „ Grave of. 35 Magila, Buildings at ... . 227 „ Church . . . . 235 „ Mission Station 230 „ Quadrangle .... 252 „ „ (After Fiie) 240 „ Riddell, Rev. C. B. S., Grave of 237 „ Sisters at . . . ... 238 „ View at 56 „ Waterfall at ... 254 Majaliwa, Rev. C, and Family . 204 Map of Mission Field .... 13 Maples, Archdeacon, preaching at Likoma . . 188 . 106, 308 „ „ Grave of, at Kota Kota • 329 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Masasi 219 „ Buying Firewood at . . . ... 354 „ Granite Rock .... . . . . • 129 Mbweni 280, 285 „ Boabab Tree . . . .... 282 „ Girls at . . 163 „ St. John's 164 „ School Girls ......... 340 Mkuzi . 259 „ Church 268 „ Church and School . 266 „ Native Village 267 » School 343 Mkunazini , . 278 „ Christ Church and Hospital 347 Newala . . . . .321 „ Church at ......... . 200 „ Grave of Rev. J. C. Wood 207 „ Hainsworth, Rev. J. ; Porter, Rev. W. C. ; and Watson, Mr. . . 217 Nyasa, Missionary Staff . . . . .' . 189 ,, View on Lake 170 Randolph, Rev. E. S. L., with the first wheels used in Zanzibar . 105 Rescued Slaves, Cargo of 406 Richardson, Bishop . . . . 344 Riddell, Rev. C. S. B ¦ .236 River Luvu at Kologwe ...•¦. ... 270 River Rovuma, near Newala . . • 133 River Shire 19 Sim, Rev. A. F .... 363 Slave Dealers, Group of Arab . ... 408 Dhow, an Arab .... . .'.51 A Rescued . - 4JS Dhow, Attacking a ... ... 421 „ British Man-of-War Firing on .... 413 „ Flying French Flag . . ... 410 Gang ... . .... 24 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Slave Yoke, Captive in ... Slaves, A Group of Sixty-Five Captured „ are Yoked, Showing how . Smythies, Bishop . Steere, Bishop Thackeray, Miss . Tozer, Bishop Traction Engine . Umba . „ Mission House at Unangu „ Dr. Hine and William Cowey at Viner, Rev. Montague Ellis . Waller, Rev. Horace . Woodward, Rev. H. W. Zambesi, Native Boats on Zanzibar (from Kiungani) „ Christ Church „ Drying Cloves in . „ Hospital . „ „ Native Ward in „ Labourers, Group of ,, Mohammedan Mosque Old Slave Market „ Street in . „ Sultan's Palace „ Teaching Catechumens „ Ziwani Cemetery . 401416 404 .65 63 287 44 122 264 114193194 239 42 251 17 345 9384 303348373289 85 37237o293 249 AUTHOR'S PREFACE. IT is hoped that this book may subserve a fourfold purpose — (i) To inform the African students for Holy Orders of the previous history of their own Church ; that "With thankful hearts o'erflowing for the mercies they behold, They may praise their sainted fathers, the famous men of old." (2) To give English friends of the Mission a record of its work up to date, suitable for reading aloud at working parties or guild meetings. (3) To enable the student of Church History to trace the advance of one part of the Church's warfare in the Mission Field. (4) To give some information concerning slavery, and life in Central Africa, even to those who may not feel interested in Missions. For this last purpose the Chapter on SLAVERY (XVIII.), to be found at the end of the book, will be most useful. It is from the pen of Lieut. C. S. Smith, R.N., Her Majesty's Consul at Bilbao, formerly Vice-Consul at Zanzibar, and therefore an expert in the subject. Working parties will find that some of the chapters can be subdivided, so as to form two or three short read ings ; others — as chapters VI. or VIII. — are better read all at once. The chapter on Slavery is meant for the student, rather than for promiscuous reading, but a reading might easily be selected from it. The History of the Universities' Mission is primarily AUTHOR'S PREFACE. Church History — as much as if we wrote of the founda tion of the Church of Alexandria, of St. Boniface's mission work, or of the Conversion of England. But the beginning of history in many a land has been the history of its National Church. Hence, though desiring to write in a strain befitting a Church chronicler, we hope the book may have some general interest for any who in future time may care to look back to the beginnings of Chris tianity, civilization, and national life in the country of the Swahili, the Bondei, the Yao, or the Nyasa. The Author desires to express her thanks to the many friends who have so well and kindly aided her in what has been a most congenial work — first, to many members of the U.M.C.A. Committee, more especially the Secre taries, the Editors of the Magazines, and to several past and present members of the Mission staff; next, to Mr. Consul Smith for his able chapter on Slavery, bringing together details, some of which (it is believed) have never been published. She also gratefully confesses her indebtedness to the Memoirs of Bishop Mackenzie, Bishop Steere, and Rev, Arthur Fraser Sim ; to the Rev. H. Rowley's former History of the Mission, and to a mass of records and literature kept at the office ; and in the case of the Usam- bara group of Missions, to the actual original Record Books, so carefully written in the handwriting of workers, many of whom are fallen asleep. And last — but not least — thanks are due to Miss Yonsre for contributing the Preface to the book. A. E. M. A.-M. Fetist of SS. Simon and Jude^ J 896, PREFACE. MAN'S charter of possession of the earth seems to be to fill it worthily, not only by peopling it with multitudes, but with such nations as are capable of develop ing its resources, and building on them, step by step, civilization, improvement, and progress, especially towards that highest mark which is set before the world in Chris tianity. It seems as if, in the history of the world, a discovery or revelation of the truth acted as an impulse in arms and arts, and civilization generally ; but if that religion was not susceptible of going farther and higher, the progress of the nation likewise stopped, or even retrograded. Thus it has been with the 'Chinese, the Hindoos, and, later, with the Arabs. It has been only, until the last three centuries, the nations around the Mediterranean Sea who have gradually carried on the course of thought and activity in a kind of community of intellect. Egypt and Tyre had begun and carried on the work of progress till their corruption of faith made their religion effete, and in the case of the Phoenicians, horrible and bar barous. Greece flourished and extended her influence as long as she was a genuine seeker after truth ; and to Rome, with the brave, honest code of her early days, was com mitted the battle with the Canaanite greed and cruelty in Carthage and the other Phoenician colonies. The philosophy and religion of Greece and Rome were well-nigh worn out when the impulse of Christianity came PREFACE. in on them and their foundations on the African coast. Alexandria and Carthage produced the two greatest names in the early Church, and the whole Mediterranean border was a region of culture and thought ; but these were being corrupted when Mohammed promulgated a belief which, though most imperfect, had in it sufficient truth to inspire the Arabs with the spirit of conquest and propagation of their faith. It was retrogression to these lands of Christianity, but in the negro races who adopted it there was a certain advance in improvement. But to the Arab and Turk the entire continent was chiefly an emporium of black slaves and white ivory. Missionary zeal was chiefly expended on the northern nations before ; in the Middle Ages it died away, nor was there even intercourse with any except the Mohammedan inhabitants of the coast of the Mediterranean until after the discovery of America, when Las Casas, in the hope of sparing the natives of the Caribbean Isles, proposed to sub stitute negro labour for theirs. The Guinea coast became the hunting ground of slave traders for successive genera tions of Spanish, Portuguese, and Englishmen, without more idea of compunction than if their game had been ostriches or elephants. The Papal partition, marked by a meridian three hun dred leagues west of the Azores, between Spain and Por tugal, stimulated the latter country to send forth explorers, and thus in 1496 the discovery of the Cape of Good Hope completed the outline of the continent, though the interior remained for the most part comparatively unknown ; and even down to our own generation, maps depicted the Mountains of the Moonj a range more fabulous than the mountains in the moon. PREFACE. xix Not till 1652 did the Dutch begin to settle at the Cape, enslaving but not teaching the Hottentots, and hunting down the less docile nations who interfered with them. The Moravians, always a missionary congregation, sent out a teacher in 1737, but the Boers were obstructive, and sent him home, and it was not for another fifty years that another attempt was made. Experience in America and the West Indies seems to have awakened the minds of Christians to the sense that not only domestic slaves pos sessed souls to be saved, but that their kindred at home ought also to be reached. Philanthropy might liberate the negro, but he could not be sent back to his savage rela tions, and thus Sierra Leone had to be colonized, and could not choose but become a missionary centre. Already, 1795, the first year of British possession of the Cape, the Moravian Brethren had returned, and in 1799 the London Missionary Society had begun to work upon the Kaffirs, a fine race, partly of Arab descent, and capable of intelli gence, faithfulness, and courage. That knight-errant of mission chivalry, Allan Gardiner, made one expedition in those hitherto unknown regions. The London Missionary Society sent out Robert Moffatt in the year 18 16, and he commenced his wonderful labours in Bechuanaland, labour's that lasted from his twentieth to his seventieth year, and which prepared his son-in-law Livingstone for his memorable career. Systematic work by the English Church must be dated "from 1847, when by the liberality of one lady, a true steward of her great possessions, the diocese of Cape Town took its rise. Angela Burdett Coutts'has been permitted to behold in her own lifetime most marvellous effects arising from her PREFACE. open-handed gifts to the Church. Under Bishop Robert Gray, not only were the stakes strengthened, but her cords were lengthened, as new dioceses were created like branches springing from the newly planted tree. There were struggles and contentions it is true, but such are proofs of life ; and one important consequence was the discovery that colonial Bishops, and those in lands beyond British dominions, need not be bound by oaths of spiritual allegi ance to the Sovereign of England or the Archbishop of Canterbury. The decision set the Church free to stretch her arms wherever there was need. Nor has there, through out her entire history, been such an extraordinary exten sion of her growth as there has taken place in the course of the eighty years that have passed since Middleton was consecrated almost by stealth to the diocese of Calcutta. Livingstone was in the meantime making those explora tions which brought him into contact with the negro race, and revealed the horrors of the slave trade, which, through Arabs and Portuguese kidnappers, supplied the Moham medan countries. The indignant zeal which he roused in England had its effect in the Universities' Mission. The chosen leader, Charles Frederick Mackenzie, had gathered experience by work among the colonists and Zulus of Natal. He was a man of most attractive manners, as well as of great intellect, and self-devoted faith. But it was only discovered that the track in which Livingstone led the Mission was impracticable by the sacrifice of his life and those of his followers. His sister, Anne, already an invalid when she had set out to join in his enterprise, returned in shattered health with the one purpose of doing all that in her lay to carry out his work, Twice had she passed his grave on PREFACE. x*| an island of the Shire on her dreadful voyage in an open boat, when the sailors had prepared a spade to dig a grave for her, and she came home sick with African fever, in addition to all former maladies. Yet she had energy to become the very heart of African missions. She felt the disappointment when the Zambesi was found impracticable for English residents, and the headquarters of the Universities' Mission were transferred to Zanzibar, but thenceforth her chief interest was in the work in Zululand, which had been interrupted by her brother's call, and for the foundation of this bishopric she chiefly laboured till her death*on Quinquagesima Sunday, 1877. To her devotion, we could not but give these few words, as one of the earliest pioneers of the Central African Mission, and so nearly connected with the first who there broke soil. It was a sowing in tears for those who have since reaped in joy. In joy, shall we say? Nay, to every generation, where true progress is made, the same petition is realized : " Show Thy servants Thy work, and their children Thy glory." The achievements of one form the foundation for the next. " To subdue the earth " of Africa after the long pre valence of dark barbarism, seems to be the task of the present day. The discoveries of travellers, and the map- making of diplomatists, thave led to the partition of the continent into the " protectorates " of the powers of Europe. Yet the Church is not lagging behind them. Even before the feet of the labourer go those of him " that bringeth good tidings, and publisheth peace," — peace from cruel violence, from savage kidnapping, from ghastly witchcraft and revenge, — that outward and inward peace that pass- eth all understanding. C. M. YONGE. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. EVENTS. DATE1854. 1857. I858. 1859. Nov. 1. i860. Oct. 2. 1 861. Jan. 1. Jan. 12. March. May I. July 8. „ 16. August." Oct. 1. Nov. 29. 1S62. Jan. 31. Feb. 22. Apr. 25. 1863. Jan. I. Feb. 2. „ 6. Mar. 17. June 26. Bishop Selvvyn's sermons at Cambridge stir an interest in Mission work, and influence Mackenzie .... Dr. Livingstone appeals to the Universities .... Bishop Gray's visit, and formation of Committees and of the " Oxford and Cambridge Mission to Central Africa " The great Zambesi meeting in Senate House, Cambridge, and appointment of Mackenzie as head .... Farewell Service at Canterbury for first band of workers Charles Frederick Mackenzie consecrated first Bishop of "The Universities' Mission" in Cape Town Cathedral Sailing of the Lyra with Mission party . Ascent of the Rovuma attempted . . . . The Zambesi entered ...... Disembarkation at Chibisa's, on the Shire First release of eighty-four slaves by Dr. Livingstone Theyare given to the Bishop ..... War with the Yao (Ajawa), and settlement at Magomero Projected Church of St. Paul begun .... Rev. H. de Whit Burrup, Dr. Dickenson, and Mr. R. M Clark arrive ........ Death of Bishop Mackenzie, and burial by the Shire Death of Rev. H. de Wint Burrup at Magomero . The Mission leaves Magomero and settles at Chibisa's . Rev. H. C. Scudamore died, and was buried by the Shire " Consecration of the Rev. William George Tozer in Westminster Abbey, as Second Bishop Dr. Steere and Mr. Alington sailed for Cape Town Dr. Dickenson died, and was buried beside Mr. Scudamore Bishop Tozer reaches the Mission, and decides to remove lo Mount Morambala 9 12 IS16 202424 25 29 30 35363§ 4044 45 40 41 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. DATE 1863. Nov. 1864. June 23. Aug. 31. Sept. 4. „ 16. ., 17' Nov. 4. 1865. May 24. June 28. Aug. 24. 1866. Feb. 1. Mar. 2. ,, 19- Sept. 20. Dec. 3. 1867. Aug. 13. Sept. 29. 1863! Jan. 20. July 17. Aug. 4. » 9- „ 20, ,, 24. Nov. 2. 1869. Apr. 28. June 6. Aug. 24. Nov.Dee. 10, Procter, Rowley, and Waller return to England, the latter removing children under his care to Cape Town . . 41 Bishop Tozer consecrates Mackenzie's grave . . -47 The Bishop and Dr. Steere land at Zanzibar . . 47 First Service of the Mission in Zanzibar ..... 50 First five boys presented to Mission ..... 50 Bishop and Dr. Steere remove from Consulate to Shangani . 50 Koorjee's Shamba (since named Kiungani) bought with WellsTozer Fund ........ 53 Five boys and nine girls given to Bishop Tozer from slave dhow ..... .... 52 Miss Tozer and Miss A. Jones reach Zanzibar as the first women workers ........ 52 First Public Baptism. Nine senior boys baptized, including John Swedi .... .... 52 Arrival of Dr. Livingstone at Zanzibar . Foundation of Kiungani House ...... 54 Dr. Livingstone enters Africa for the last time Bishop Tozer sails for England . . . . . '53 Miss Tozer sails for England .....,, .53 Rev. C. A. Alington goes on first visit to Usambara First interview with Kimweri, chief of Usambara . Second visit to Usambara. Mr. Alington occupies Magila Bishop Tozer returns from England First meeting of Mission Chapter . i Dr. Steere sails for England Purchase of Shangani House, hitherto rented First Communion of the senior boys Bishop Tozer visits Magila The Rev. L. Fraser occupies Magila Miss Jones returns to England Baptism of eight boys and five girls Cholera visitation ... Deatli of Rev, L, Fraser of Cholera 57 58 59 6960 60 5454 54 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, 1870. Feb. 2. John Swedi and George Farajallah made subdeacons by the Bishop .... .... 54 Mar. 21. Death of George Farajallah 55 Sept. Rev. O. Handcock and Rev, R. L. Pennell visit Magila . 61 1871.Sept. 8. Purchase of Mbweni • • 55 Oct. 18. Opening of Kiungani temporary Chapel t- 1872. Mar. 17. Dr. Steere and Miss Tozer land in Zanzibar , . . .69 Apr. 15. The great hurricane causes fearful destruction, wrecking the Mission House ........ 7° July. The Rev. Lewin Pennell died ; and Bishop Tozer, broken in health,. sails for the Seychelles 71 Oct. 8. Sam Speare, John Swedi, Francis Mabruki, and Mr, Hartley start for Magila, sent forth by Dr. Steere .... 72 Dec. 20. The First Day of Intercession for Foreign Mis sions is observed in England 89 Sir Bartle Frere's visit to Zanzibar 87 Bishop Tozer, having returned to England, resigns the Bishopric . . . . . • . . ¦ 7l Dr. Livingstone dies at Ilala 77 Treaty for abolition of Zanzibar Slave Market, and for re striction of Slave Trade, signed by the Sultan . , . 8S Part of Slave Market bought for Mission .... 90 Samuel Speare dies in England 76 Foundation stone of Christ Cliurch, Zanzibar, laid by Captain Prideaux 9 1 Mail sailed with Livingstone's body '77 David Livingstone's funeral in Westminster Abbey . . 77 Dr. Steere sails for England, leaving the Rev. A. N. West in charge 7§ Dr. 'Steere consecrated, in Westminster Abbey, as Third Bishop of the Mission . . . . 78 39 children baptized in Zanzibar — Rev. Arthur N. West died 89 [Note. — Some time early this year the Colony of Freed Slaves was planted at Mbweni,] 1873- Jan. 12. Apr. 20. May 4. June 6. Sept. 5. Nov. II. Dec. 25. 1874. Mar. II. Apr. 18. July 4- Aug. 24. Dec. 25. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. DATE 1875. Mar. 4. April. J«iy 7- Aug. 24. ,. 31- Sept. 19. Dec. 10. „ 13- 1376. May 3. Sept. 29. Oct. 16. Nov. 9. 1877. Feb. 8. Apr. 2. August. „ 23. Nov. 4. .. 28. Dec. 25. 1878. May. June 9, Oct. 7. 1879. May I. ») >» ,. 3- June 8. Bishop Steere returns to Zanzibar with the Rev. E. Randolph and Miss J osephine Bartlett ...... The Rev. J. P. Farler, Mr. H. W. > Woodward, and several others join the Mission . . * . . , The Bishop takes the Rev. J. P. Farler, Mr. Moss, and Acland Sahera to Magila Consecration of Cemetery at Kiungani ..... Bishop Steere and party sail for Lindi, en roitte for Mataka's . Service discontinued in old Consulate Chapel, and held in Town School ...... . . Bishop reaches Mataka's .... . . Hospital work begun by Miss Allen at Mkunazini . Peace made in Usambara, and Headquarters of Town Mission removed to Mkunazini during this year .... Rev. Chauncy Maples, and Messrs. Yorke and Williams, join the Mission . Rev. C. Maples receives Priest's Orders, and W. P. Johnson Deacon's, in Kiungani Chapel .... Bishop Steere, Rev. W. P. Johnson, and Mbweni peopl start for Mainland ....... Bishop Steere and party arrive at Masasi . '. Bishop Steere sails for England .... Baptism of fourteen converts at Magila . Rev. C. Maples and F. J. Williams reach Masasi . The Rev. F. and Mrs. Hodgson arrive at Zanzibar Bishop returns, bringing Miss Thackeray Stanley and his men return from the West Coast . First Service (Swahili Matins) sa'id in 'Christ Church Foundation of Newala under the Rev. Herbert Clarke . First baptism of sixteen adults at Masasi Treaty of the Rovuma between the Sultan's Agents, th Makuaand Maviti, made by Rev. H. Clarke . Complete Swahili Liturgy first used .... First Communion of Masasi folk in Zanzibar . Rev. C. Maples goes to England, and Rev. W. P. Johnson takes his place at Masasi, helped by Rev. H. Clarke John Swedi ordained Deacon — goes to Masasi 99 99 99 i°3 103 126 104 102 107 107126 127 112no !32 "3"3 no 132132 117 "7 134 118 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. DATE PAGE 1879. Nov. 12. Rev. J. P. Farler appointed Archdeacon of Magila . .118 Dec. 8. Arrival of Miss Mills ' . . 118 ,, 25. Opening of completed building of Christ Church (no Altar as yet) ... . . . . 117 ,, 29. Bishop starts for six days' tour in Zaramo-land . . . 145 1880. Jan. 6. Rev. C. Yoike dies at Umba 118 Nov. 3, The Rev. W. P. Johnson settles at Mataka's, the first station occupied in Yao-land . . . . . .145 ,, Mr. Joseph Williams, Charlie and Cornelia Ndegele, occupy Abdallah Pesa's, at his request : Station subsequently known as Mtua ........ 197 Dec. 25. First Celebration in Christ Church, which now comes into , . daily use 96 1881. Oct. II. Founding of Mission at Mkuzi 259 Nov. 22. Lindi occupied by Rev. H.Clarke 19S Dec. 24. Dedication of new Church at Masasi ..... 136 1882, Feb. 21. Death of the Rev. Charles Janson at Nyasa . . . . 148 Apr. 9. Magila temporary stone Church opened on Easter Day . . — Aug. 27. Edward Steere, D.D., LL.D., third Missionary Bishop, entered into rest 158 Sept. 12. The Rev. H. A. Wilson died at Pangani .... 164 Dr- Petrie, first Medical Missionary of the Guild of St. Luke, arrives .......... 162 ,, 14. Magwangwara raid on Masasi, killing some Christians, and carrying others into slavery. Rev. W. C. Porter subse quently visits the tribe to redeem captives . . .136 Dec. 25. First Celebration at St. John's, Mbweni . . .164 1883. Jan. I. Central Africa (magazine) first issued 165 June. Removal from Masasi to Newala 199 Sept. 14. Bishop Royston, of Mauritius, visits Zanzibar, and holds Confirmations 165 Nov. 30. Charles Alan Smythies, Fourth Bishop, conse crated 165 Rev. W. P. Johnson (after seven years' work) returns to England to appeal for a steamer 149 Mr. A. C. Maclan prepares many Swahili educational works . — 1884. Jan. 1. Abdallah Susi becomes a Catechumen .... 167 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. DATE PAGE I884. Feb. 25. Bishop Smythies lands in Zanzibar ..... 166 Mar. 31. Bishop Smythies' first visit to Magila . . . . .261 New Station opened at Misozwe ...... 262 May 5. First Synod of Zanzibar . ..... 282 July 21. H. M. Government make a grant of £$ for each slave received by Mission ......... — • ,, 28. Bishop Smythies' first visit to Newala and the Rovuma dis trict .......... 200 Aug. 24. First five Catechumens made at Mkuzi ..... — ¦ Oct. 31. The Mission S. S. Charles Janson sent out in 380 packages . 150 Rev. W. P. Johnson blind with ophthalmia, and returned to England . . .150 A Theological branch started at Kiungani, and Archdeacon Jones-Bateman appointed Principal ..... 283 1885. Jan. 28. Mlinga, the Spirit Mountain, ascended for the first time by the Bishop and Mr. Woodward ..... 262 Feb. 2. Bishop Hannington visited Zanzibar and Magila . , . 232 Aug. 18. Disastrous fire at Matope, burning stores to value of ^1,000 . 150 ,, 24. Bishop Smythies and Rev. G. H. Swinny obtain permission to settle at Likoma 172 Sept. 5. S.S. Charles Janson launched, and dedicated on following day ...... .... 150 Bishop Smythies discovers source of Lujenda . . . . 175 Bishop's second visit to Newala . . . . . .174 The Children's -Tidings (now called African Tidings) first issued ,, 17- Oct. 24. 1886 Jan. i5- Mar 25- Apr. 4- June 11. ,, 13. The Rev. H. W. Woodward takes up residence at Misozwe Church of the Holy Cross, Magila, consecrated Ordination of Cecil Majaliwa, third native Deacon Death of the Rev. C. S. Buchanan Riddell at Magila Rev. Cecil Majaliwa put in charge of new station at Chitangali ........ July.21. Bishop Smythies discovered source of Rovuma on his journey to visit Lake Nyasa and the Magwangwara Aug. 2. Bishop Smythies' second visit to Likoma ,, 23. David Susi baptized at Zanzibar ... 1887. Feb. 13. Rev. G. H. Swinny dies at Bandawe .... Mar, 25, Dedication of St. John Baptist Church at Umba . 262 234 203236 203 175174 167 177 263 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 1887. May 8. The Ousel sailing boat launched on Nyasa .... — July 9. Jubilee festivities in Zanzibar. . . . • 287 ,, 29. Bishop Smythies' third visit to Lake Nyasa . . .178 Nov. Bishop's fifth visit to Newala .... . 208 „ Barnaba Nakaam confirmed 209 ,, 5. Great fire at Magila . 241 ,, 21. Opening of the Industrial Wing at Mbweni .... 286 Churches begun at Misozwe, and Msalaka station opened . 262 The Sisters begin work at Magila 237 t) 20. Dec. 6. i88g Jan. 3°' May n. June 6. »» 24. July 22. Sept 13 22 Nov. 28 1888. Jan. 6. Second Fire at Magila ¦ 242 Feb. 18. Tornado at Magila . ... 242 ,, 27. Masai raid into Bonde . . .... 242 Mar. 27. Seyid Barghash, Sultan of Zanzibar, died, and was succeeded by Khalifa 288 April. Mr. Johnson and Mr. Buchanan seized at Makanjila's and held to ransom .....•¦•• 1°l Aug. 28. Archdeacon Farler returns to England . 244 Sept. Thes.S. Charles Janson stranded for eight months near Matope 180 October. First number of Msimulizi, the first African Magazine in the Mission ....'..••¦• 284 Nov. 6. School Chapel opened at Kiungani — ,, 12. The coast blockaded by England and Germany ; the ladies sent to Zanzibar. Bishop Smythies at once left for Africa, was urged to withdraw the Mission from Magila, but refused to do so 245 Archdeacon Hodgson leaves Zanzibar 291 Archdeacon Hodgson completes the translation of the Swahili Bible . . ' 292 Rev. Dr. Hine arrived in Zanzibar 3°7 Bishop Smythies' sixth visit to Newala . . ¦ .211 Rev. Herbert Geldart died at Mlcuzi 247 First Celebration on Chisumulu Island, Nyasa . . .183 Archdeacon Goodyear died at Magila 247 Bishop Smythies' fourth visit to Likoma . . . 183 Edicts issued by Sultan Khalifa freeing all children of slaves born after January I, 1890 294 Rev. C. J. Sparks died at Zanzibar 248 The Sisters return to Magila 25° CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. DATE i8go Jan. 25- Feb. 13. Mar. 3- Apl. 17- June 1. July 1. Rev. Cecil Majaliwa, the first native Priest of the Mission, or dained in Christ Church ...... Death of Sultan Khalifa, and accession of Ali Archbishop Benson's letter to the Guild of St. Paul First Industrial Exhibition held at Kiungani . James Chala Salfey ordained Priest Visit of Bishop Tucker, of Eastern Equatorial Africa Anglo-German Agreement signed, leaving our stations ii Usambara and Rovuma in German territory The Sultan's visit to Kiungani ..... Zanzibar placed under British protection Several Magila Christians absolved by the Bishop . Order of the Sacred Mission founded in London Foundation laid of the Mission Hospital in Zanzibar Bishop Smythies' seventh visit to Rovuma district . Death of Miss Townshend ...... Mission Station planted at Kologwe Bishop Smythies' fifth and last visit to Likoma Death of George Sherriff, captain of Charles Janson Opening of Mkuzi Church ...... The Bishop's eighth visit to the Rovuma district Death of Janet Emily Campbell ..... Oct. 23 and Nov. 5. Disastrous fires at Likoma, destroying 1,400 books ,, 27. Interview of Bishop Smythies with German Chancellor at Berlin Consecration of Rev. Wilfrid Bird Hornby as First Bishop of Nyasaland Aug. 3°- Nov. 7- 1891 Jan. 11. January. May 12. )> 17- June 13. July 2. Aug. 2. » > 12. ' j 27. 1892 Mar. 2. June 6. Dec. 21. 1833. Mar. 5. „ 12. „ 13- .. 19- April. May. Death of Sultan Ali and accession of Thwain . Zanzibar Hospital opened ...... Denys Seyite made Deacon at Christ Church . Peter Limo made Deacon at Magila Mission opened at Kichelwe under Rev. Denys Seyite . Bishop Smythies' ninth visit to Rovuma district 20. Baptism of first converts at Kologwe .... June 30. Second Synod of Zanzibar ... Sept. 21. Foundation of Unangu Station under Dr. Hine Oct. 2 to 16. Bishop Smythies' and Petro Limo's preaching tour through the Bonde and Zigua districts ...... 273 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. DATE PAGE 1893. Dec. 4. Bishop Smythies' tenth and last visit to Rovuma ... — 1894. Mar. n. Rev. Peter Limo ordained Priest at Magila . . . 254 Apl. 25. Bishop Smythies' last Easter-day spent at Magila . . 254 May. A very serious locust famine begins in Bonde district . . 341 ,, 7. Charles Alan Smythies dies, and is buried in the Indian Ocean 319 ,, 29. Conference of Missions in London June. Regular Services ceased in Umba Church ,, 24. Little Boys' Home removed to Kilimani August. Bishop Hornby resigns his Bishopric on account of ill-healtl ,, 24. Ordination of Samuel Sehoza at Iona .... ,, ,, Station at Kota- Kota opened by Rev. A. F. Sim . !8g5. June 29. Consecration of the Venerable Chauncy Maples as Second Bishop of (Likoma) Nyasaland, and of Rev. William Moore Richardson, for Zanzibar, in St. Paul's Cathedral . . . . First Baptism at Kota-Kota — a penitent murderer . Mr. Atlay murdered by the Angoni .... First Conference of Native Christians at Magila Bishop Richardson lands in Zanzibar .... Chauncy Maples (Bishop of Likoma) and Joseph Williams drowned in Lake Nyasa ...... Bishop Richardson pays his first visit to Newala Death of Matola, chief of Newala, soon after his baptism The Rev. Arthur Frazer Sim dies at Kota-Kota Stronghold of MIozi, the last slave-dealer chief in the B.C. A Protectorate, stormed July Aug. 25. 26. 28. J J Sept 3°- . 2. Oct. 5- Dec. 14. 29. 3- 1896. Jan 20. Feb. it 22. June 29. Aug 25- Oct. 18. 336 276 291 195 344 362 323 364 334 35S345 328352353365 361 Bishop Richardson's first visit to Magila .... 359 Consecration of the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Kologwe . 359 Death of the Rev. Horace Waller, Lay Superintendent to Bishop Mackenzie's party 369 Consecration of Dr. John Edward Hine as Third Bishop of Likoma 368 Death of Sultan Hamid, followed by usurpation of Khalid, and bombardment of Sultan's palace by British ships . 370 Third Synod of Zanzibar 456 PART I. THE GOING FORTH OF THE SOWER. CHAPTER I. THE CALL' TO THE WORK. " Uplift the banner ! heathen lands Shall see from far the glorious sight; And nations, gathering at the call, Their spirits kindle in its light. ' ' ALL Missions to the heathen that have ever been sent forth have had their true Ite, missa est, from the great Head of the Church, spoken on the mountain in Galilee, as well as from this or that national Church. His " Go ye into all the world " must be the spring of mission work to us still, as long as there is one corner of that world to which His message has never come. It is well to remember this, because people often say, " It was So- and-so's speech, or such-and-such a meeting which origi nated this or that Mission." Yet the call of the Master comes in many ways, and now that the Universities' Mission has become as a broad and steady stream, it is interesting to turn back and trace from how many sources, and in what divers manners, came the immediate call to go forth and gather in the Church's harvest in Eastern tropical Africa. B 2 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [1854 From India and New Zealand, from South Africa and 1853. Central Africa came the impulses which moved ^Era1 men to begin the work, and which gained for work- that work its first leader. In April, 1853, the Rev. J. S. Jackson, of Caius College, Cambridge, going out to head a new Mission at Delhi, Charles tried to influence Charles Frederick Mackenzie Mackenzie, to go with him. "After he left me," wrote the future Bishop, " I read a bit of Henry Martyn's Life before he left England, and I determined for the first time, and prayed to God to help me, to think what was best to be done, and to do it. I thought chiefly of the com mand, ' Go and baptize all nations,' and how some one ought to go ; and I thought how in another world one would look back and rejoice at having seized this opportunity of taking the good news of the gospel to those who had never heard of it, but for whom, as well as for us, Christ died. I thought of the Saviour sitting in heaven and looking down upon this world, and seeing us who have heard the news selfishly keeping it to ourselves.'' Thus the impulse was given, but in the ordering of God's providence it was turned aside from India. In the next 1854. year two bishops arrived in England from the colonial mission field. One of these was Dr. Colenso, the newly appointed Bishop of Natal, coming for recruits after a ten weeks' survey of his diocese ; the other that prince of Bishops, the first Bishop of New Zealand. In November, Bishop Selwyn preached four sermons on Bishop Sunday afternoons in Great St. Mary's, Cam- Sermons'at bridge, which were published as The Work of Cambridge. Christ in the World. These sermons Mackenzie heard, and was deeply stirred, as no doubt many another hearer was, by such words. as the following : — 18571 THE CALL TO THE WORK. " I go from hence, if it be the will of God, to the most distant of all countries. . . . There God has planted the standard of the Cross as a signal to His Church to fill up the intervening spaces, till there is neither a spot of earth which has not been trodden by the messengers of salvation, nor a single man to whom the gospel has not been preached. Fill up the void. Let it no longer be a reproach to the Universities that they have sent so few missionaries to the heathen. . . . The voice of the Lord is asking, ' Whom shall I send, and who will go with us ? ' May every one of you who intends, by God's grace, to dedicate him self to the ministry, answer at once : ' Here am I, send me.' " The immediate re- suit was that Macken- goes to Natal, 1855. zie offered himself to Dr. Colenso, who had already asked him to go to Natal as his Archdeacon. Thus was the fu ture Bishop led to Africa and to an interest in African affairs. All this time a door was being opened into the heart of Africa by a way which the Church could hardly have guessed. David For it was David "vingstone. Livingstone, the Scotch Presbyterian, working at first for the London Missionary Society, who during these years was making those journeys through the heart of Africa which made the entrance of a Mission possible, an account of which he published under the title, Missionary Travels in South Africa. During his visit to England in 1857, the simple large-hearted hero took England by storm, 1857. and when he announced his intention of inviting the DR. LIVINGSTONE. HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [1858 Church of England, represented by her two oldest Univer sities, to plant a Mission in Central Africa, it is no wonder that Oxford and Cambridge responded to his call. That the working of our national Church should have so im pressed this great man, who was not of her sons, was justly felt to be a testimony to the life and vigour of the Church of England. He told his own story in each University. On December 4 he appeared in the Senate speech in the House at Cambridge. " His reception was en- S9oambridge9' thusiastic ; the undergraduates cheered as only (Deo. 4). undergraduates can cheer ; and after a lecture of great interest, adapted with great tact to the audience, Professor Sedgwick, at the Vice-Chancellor's request, ex pressed the satisfaction which every one present felt." Livingstone went, and 'in the next two years had opened up fresh ground along the Shire, and among the tribes lying round Lake Shirwa, and towards Nyasa ; but his parting words rang in the ears of the Universities : — - " I go back to Africa to try to make an open path for com merce and Christianity. Do you carry out the work which I have begun. ' I leave it with you' " Nevertheless, the fire which Dr. Livingstone had kindled in all hearts might have died out had not Robert Gray, 1868. first Bishop of Cape Town and Metropolitan of South Africa, visited England the next year. He had a Bishop Gray's well-considered scheme for sending missionary visit. Bishops and Clergy into those heathen lands which bordered on the already established dioceses of Cape Town, Graham's Town, and Natal, thus giving them a base of operations in the lands already Christian. But with his characteristic disposition to yield in non- i §59] THE CALL TO THE WORK. essentials to the wishes of others, and to use the materials offered to him, he threw himself warmly into the new scheme. A Cambridge committee was at once formed, committees _^ formed. Oxford was asked to co-operate, and shortly after a great meeting in the Sheldonian, the Association took the name of " The Oxford and Cambridge Mission to Central Africa," its object being to provide funds for send ing out at least six missionaries, under a head who should, if possible, be a Bishop ; while the field for the Mis sion was left entirely to the choice of Livingstone, with the sanction \ of the Metropolitan under whose care it was at first advis able to place the Mission. For a year, then, stirred up (it should ever be re membered) by a curate in Cambridge — Mr. Monk — bishop gray. the committees worked in faith, content to leave in God's hands the decision whom they should send, and in what land the Mission should be planted. Thus came round All Saints' Day, when the first year's Report 1 was presented in the Senate House at Cambridge. And now the question, " Who shall lead the Mission ? " was to be an swered. Archdeacon Mackenzie had been led to return 1859. The Great Zambesi Meeting. 1 See Memoir of Bishop Mackenzie, by the Bishop of Carlisle. 6 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [1859 to England from Natal by a series of what looked like accidents; so that when asked, "Well, what has brought1 you to England ? " he replied with a laugh, " Upon my word, I am unable to tell you." Going, however, to preach in his own University on All Saints' Day, he was present at the " Great Zambesi Meeting," and, noting the zeal and BISHOP MACKENZIE, excitement of many, remarked, " I am afraid of this : most great works of this kind have been carried on by one or two men, in a quieter way, and have had a more humble beginning." The next day it was decided to offer him the headship of the Mission, which he at once accepted. l86°] THE CALL TO THE WORK. 7 Charles Frederick Mackenzie was at this Maoksn2:ie time thirty-four years of age. He was the jSSffihe youngest of a large family, related to the Mlssion- Mackenzies of Seaforth. He was educated at. Grange School, Bishop Wearmouth, and; at Caius College, Cam bridge, graduating in 1848 as Second Wrangler. When congratulated on his success, he replied simply, " that he had only done what was natural under the circumstances." This simplicity was a trait in his character ; and the man to whom it was natural to take so high a place, in the mathematical tripos, found it natural, later on, to do his best wherever God called him. After several years more of college life, alternating with pastoral work in the neigh-- bourhood of Cambridge, he was ordained priest in Sep tember, 1852. One anecdote of this period may be given, When acting as Mathematical Examiner for Honours, he noticed a student who seemed nervous and faint, but who, according to rule, could not leave the presence of the examiners during the time allotted to the papers in hand. Mackenzie spoke to him, and took him out, made him swallow some soup, and brought him back to pass his examination. Early in 1855 he sailed for Natal, accompanied by his sister Anne, and was afterwards joined by another sister. He had playfully called them his white and black sister, in allusion to the interest felt by the one in the European and by the other in the native races. The four and a half years of African work that ensued before his oppor tune return to England in 1859 were justly felt by the Committee of the Universities' Mission to be a great quali fication for the leader of this new work. HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [i860 Lay help 1° addition to the six clergymen, it was now sought, determined to add medical men, and an Indus trial and Agricultural Department, as likely to be im portant aids in the extirpation of the slave trade. The Universities of Dublin and Durham were asked to co- 1860. operate in the work, and in 1 860 the Association Alteration of , , . . , , . . _, _ , ,_, Title. altered its title to that of the Oxford, Cam bridge, Dublin, and Durham Mission to Central Africa." First Members While still waiting to know their destination, of the " ' Mission. Mackenzie gathered his recruits — Miss Anne Mackenzie, his " white sister " ; the Revs. L. J. Procter and H. C. Scudamore ; Mr. Horace Waller, lay superin tendent ; S. A. Gamble, carpenter; and Alfred Adams, agricultural labourer. It was said of them with truth at this time : — " To the leader and his associates in this noble enterprise it will personally be a matter of perfect indifference where they shall settle. They are prepared to go forth, in the spirit of the Patriarch when called from Ur of the Chaldees, to take posses sion, in the name of Christ, of a country in which at present they have not so much as set their foot." status A difficulty arose in the course of this year of Missionary J Bishops, as to the legality of consecrating bishops for places beyond Her Majesty's dominions, as to their status, and the See to which they would owe obedience, and it was thought wise to refer the matter to the Convocation of Canterbury. A favourable Report was in due time presented, suggesting obedience to the nearest Metropo litan, and the organization of a system of synods to regulate immediate needs and secure unity. Farewell On October 2 there was a farewell service at Canterbury, , _ , , , . Oct. 2. in the Cathedral of Canterbury, when the 1 86 1] THE CALL TO THE WORK. 9 Bishop of Oxford (Wilberforce) thrilled all hearts by his parting address to the Mission : — " And as for thee, true yokefellow, and brother well-beloved, who leadest forth this following; to thee, in this our parting hour — while yet the grasped hand tarries in the embrace of love — to thee, what shall we say ? Surely what, before he gave over to younger hands his rod and staff, God's great prophet said of old to his successor : ' Be strong and of a good courage, for thou must go with this people into the land which the Lord hath sworn unto their fathers to give them, and tkoti shall cause them to inherit it.' . . . When thy heart is weakest, He shall make it strong ; when all others leave thee, He shall be closest to thee ; and the revelation of His love shall turn danger into peace, labour into rest, suffering into ease, anguish into joy, and martyrdom, if He so order it, into the prophet's fiery chariot, bearing thee by the straightest course to thy most desired Home." The final meeting in that crypt of St. Augustine's at Canterbury, where now several relics of the Bishop are treasured, cannot but suggest a comparison with the Apostle of the English. To St. Augustine, leading his forty monks to win England— sent forth by St. Gregory- how small, how inadequate would have appeared that little band, going forth like an advanced piquet into an enemy's country, under cover of whose apparent defeat the great army might advance to victory ! It was in St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town, Jan^i. nn the Feast of the Circumcision, 1861, that Mackenzie's uii Liiv- j. v,c*^t Consecration Charles Frederick Mackenzie, the first mis-atcapeTown. sionary Bishop whom our Church had sent forth for a thousand years, was consecrated by Bishop Gray, Metro politan, assisted by the Bishops of Natal and St. Helena. 10 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [1861 The oath then taken shows that his field of labour was settled : — "In the Name of God, Amen. I, Charles Frederick Mac kenzie, chosen Bishop of the Mission to the tribes dwelling in the neighbourhood of the Lake Nyasa and River Shird, do profess and promise all due reverence and obedience to, the ST. GEORGE'S CATHEDKAL, CAPE TOWN. Metropolitan Bishop and Metropolitical Church of Cape Town, and to their successors. So help me God, through Jesus Christ," Description of A picture of the party at this time, while they the party. wajtecj several months at Bishopscourt, is given by an eye-witness : — '86i] THE CALL TO THE WORK. II "December 9, i860. — The other guests in the house were Archdeacon and Miss Mackenzie, Mr. Procter and Mr. Scuda more (two young clergymen of the Mission), and Mr. Waller, who has the entire management of all the secular affairs belong ing to the Mission. The Zambesians generally go to town every day on business. When they have started, kind Miss Mackenzie gives me a Kafir lesson. In the afternoon I generally find a Portuguese lesson going on on the Stoep. Dinner and evening are something perfect, but quite indescribable — quiet, grave discussion over the Mission, interspersed with all manner of little skirmishes and attacks on the Archdeacon and Mr. Scudamore, who are very boys for fun and brightness, Oh, but they are such a noble set of men, and it is such a pleasure and privilege to know them all. . . . December 13, i860. — I am just fairly in love with the Archdeacon : he is so bright and funny, and earnest and kind. His elder sister, Miss Mackenzie, is one of those kind, winning sort of people who love everybody, and whom everybody loves. Mr. Waller is here, going to town every day to make purchases. I can't describe him more truly or honourably than the Bishop [Gray] does : ' He is a Christian gentleman.' You can't talk to him for a quarter of an hour without finding out what a noble fellow he is. L stayed here a few days. She knows all the party, too. . . . Fancy the news coming of the death of Mr. Helmore and his party — at least, some dead from fever, and some missing — so soon after their arrival ! L was here when the news came. She. said for half a day, perhaps, they were not so boyishly bright as usual, and then it seemed as if the new danger gave them new courage and brightness." The deaths alluded to were those of a party of London Society missionaries who were to work further up the Zambesi. There was in Cape Town a Mission congre- Archdeacon gation of coloured people, now known as St. congregation. J 2 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [1861 Paul's, under the care of the veteran missionary, Arch deacon Lightfoot. Among these were many liberated slaves, whom Mr. Lightfoot thought might help the Mission in its intercourse with the natives. One Sunday evening Mackenzie went and preached in the little rough, tem porary church, and asked if any would volunteer for the work. Twelve coloured men stood up, three of whom sailed with the Bishop. sailing or the Finally, on January 12, the party sailed in Jan. 12. H.M.S. Lyra from Simon's Bay, looking for ward to whatever might await them ; in the words of the Bishop :— " Thus it may be that in the course of years we may become, what I have sometimes thought we were like, the original and early sprouts that rise from the seed in the ground, and serve but to give life and vigour and energy to the shoots which rise above the ground afterwards. . . . That is the prospect we have before us — a prospect which does not depend upon our life or death, which does not depend upon our successes during our lifetime, but depends entirely upon the grace of God ; a prospect which will undoubtedly be realized in God's good time, for we know that ' the knowledge of the Lord shall cover the earth as the waters cover the sea.' " CHAPTER II. THE SHIRE HIGHLANDS. ' ' Yet not without man's answering toil Yields He His blessings free ; No harvest from tK unfurrowed soil, No fruit from unpruned tree." PATIENCE was certainly the first virtue the Mission" party was called on to exercise, and in the end patience had " her perfect work." In H.M.S. Lyra sailed the Bishop, the Rev. L. J. Procter, and some black men, among whom was Charles Thomas. The rest of the party had started before in H.M.S. Sidon. The Farewell There was a happy rest off Natal, where the in Natai. B;sh0p t00k ]eaVe of his old work and of the sister who remained, there. The final parting from Eng lish territory and friends was only to be compared to St. Paul's departure from his beloved Ephesian converts at Miletus. " Strong men fairly cried as they spoke of the kind heart, and loving deeds, and earnest Christian life of him who was going from amongst them." He did not shun to declare unto them the whole counsel of GOD. In a sermon "he spoke most openly on the treatment of the natives here as a shame to the, white people. . . . No sympathy with their home joys or sorrows, hardly credit given them for having within them deeper thoughts and feelings than they care to reveal to those whp have so little human sympathy with them. While this was the 1861] THE SHIRE HIGHLANDS. 1 5 state of things, to raise an interest in the tribes further off would be unreal." "On the shore we slipped away, and, leaning together on a heap of bricks, had a few sweet quiet collects together, till we were warned we must go to the boat. . . . Speaking of happiness, he said : ' Now till death my post must be one of care and unrest. To be the sharer of every one's sorrows, the com forter of every one's griefs, the strengfhener of every one's weak ness—to do this as much as in me lies is now my aim and object.' He said this with a smile, and oh, the peace in his face ! it seemed as if nothing could shake it." Here another missionary joined the party, c°Kev^°f the Rev. H. Rowley, the early chronicler , of the h. Rowley. Mission. The two parties of the Si'don and Lyra were united again at the mouth of the Zambesi, and off tne here they found Livingstone and his party, who am es ' were to escort them to their field of labour. But Living stone now objected to the plan of approaching Nyasa from the side of the Zambesi and Shire, partly owing to the difficulty of navigation, and partly to the absence of the friendly chief, Chibisa. The mouths of the Zambesi certainly form one of the most forbidding of ports. They make a low-lying delta, and the water of the Kongoni mouth, thought to be the-best, is shallow, with a most daneerous bar. On the other hand, the Rovuma, which Livingstone was anxious to explore, flows 500 miles further north, and discharges a splendid volume of water by an unbarred mouth into a large and fairly sheltered bay. Naturally, but reluctantly, the Bishop yielded his judg ment to that of the great explorer ; and, leaving the mission party at Johanna, one of the Comoro Islands, he, with l6 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [1S61 up the Mr. Rowley, accompanied Livingstone up the Rovuma. Rovuma jn the Pioneer, the little exploring steamer which our Government had just sent out to him. It was wasted time as far as the Mission was concerned. The Rovuma became so full of shoals, and the time of year (March) so late in the season, that, for fear of the water falling and stranding the party, they returned after only getting twenty-five miles up stream. The river was then thought to connect the ocean with Lake Nyasa, which was soon afterwards discovered to be a mistake. During this river voyage the Bishop worked as hard as any one in the navigation of the little steamer, and once narrowly escaped being eaten by a crocodile. The Lip-ring. TT , . . , , , . , ,. . . , Here they first noticed the hideous hp-nng with which the native women disfigure their faces. The thick upper lip is pierced, and a block or ring of wood inserted, round which the lip grows out into a fair likeness of a snout. Without this adornment no woman, it was be lieved, could be attractive enough to win a husband. The humility, which causes them to be so dissatisfied with their personal appearance as to improve it so carefully, leads to a difficulty in speaking or eating, and to the impossi bility of kissing forming any part of courtship ! After picking up the party at Tohanna, The Zambesi , ,,. . , , \ , \r ¦ Voyage begun the Mission at length entered the Kongoni May 1. b mouth of the Zambesi on May r, exactly four months after the Bishop's consecration. But it was not until July 8 that this river voyage ended, so that pa tience was still needed. The Bishop's sunny disposition helped much, as did the never-failing courage of Living stone, " He and the Bishop " writes Bishop Gray, '' get iS6i] THE SHIRE HIGHLANDS. 17 on famously together. The Bishop says they chaff each other all day like two school-boys." Dr. Kirk gave lessons in botany, that indispensable science for all pioneers, with the result that the Bishop made some progress ; whilst in graver moments we find him " steeping his mind " in such NATIVE BOATS ON THE ZAMBESI. words as " perplexed, but not in despair " ; " Lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world." Sometimes the steamer took twenty-four days to ad vance twelve miles. It burnt wood, and the wood had to be cut ; it stuck on a sandbank, and had to be pushed off. Those who worked it had fever, and so had most of the C l8 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [1S61 Mission party ; but, unfortunately, so lightly that it led them to despise the enemy, and to neglect the ordinary precautions which experience and prudence have since shown to be necessary if fever is to be warded off. It has often been remarked that in those far-distant lands, amid scenes where the Faith has never been preached, the differences of Christians sink into the shade, and their points of union are hailed with joy. Thus Mackenzie writes : — Services on " Livingstone and his party come to our ordinary Board. services. We have on board Morning Prayer, and sermon on Sunday morning, and every morning and evening the reading of ten or twelve verses and a few of the collects. On Whit-Sunday I proposed having the Litany, and asked Living stone whether he thought it would weary the sailors. He said, ' No ; he always used it himself.' We have always had it since. They all attend Holy Communion." And the Bishop showed himself willing to learn from one not of his communion : — ¦ " I have been reading Moffat's missionary labours, and it has made me think more of the difficulties, not only of a practical outward kind, but still more of a spiritual kind. It has helped me also to remember that God is our help, and that we attempt nothing in our own name." Description of They followed the Zambesi for about eighty Zambesi. mjies from jts mouth) finding it a magnificent stream a mile broad, muddy, but well stocked with fish, flowing through low banks clothed in long grass, abounding in birds of many sorts, while the hippopotamus and croco dile were seen everywhere. The former is sometimes used for food, and is eatable when quite young ; but the mature specimens they sometimes killed needed a good appetite and a strong digestion. iS6i] THE SHIRE HIGHLANDS, 19 The Pioneer now entered the Shire, a tribu- A8cenaing tary of the Zambesi on its north bank, about tlieSnW- 300 feet wide, and very clear. The country here grew more mountainous and much more beautiful ; the heights of Mounts Morambala (4,000 ft), Clarendon (6,000 ft), THE EIVER SHIRE. and Milanje (3,ooo ft), came successively into view on the eastern side. The gentle tribes who peopled the country are called, in these early accounts, Manganja — a corruption of Ma-Nyanja or Lake-people, Nyasa The being but another form of the word. They were o^Nyasasl mostly agricultural, living in small scattered villages, with 20 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [1861 very little union among them. Mankokwe was Mankokwe. . 11,-iij at this time Rundo, or overlord of the land, but had little power. He received the Mission party graciously, but bade them depart in peace, and settle anywhere except in his village. chibisa the The Pioneer therefore went on to Chibisa's, a theNyasas. village about 140 miles up the Shir6, beautifully situated upon the south-western bank of the river, which is here studded with lovely islands, while a magnificent mountain view lies to the north and east. Chibisa himself was a mysterious hero, said by his people to be a chief and son of a chief — but by the Portuguese declared to be a slave. Possibly he was both ; — anyhow, though not the Rundo, he was quite the strongest man, and the seer of the land. Though now dwelling on the Zambesi, near Tete, his aid was sought by the people for a hundred miles round. The Mission Here, then, at Chibisa's, the Mission first c£bisSa% planted its foot. And here, with Chibisa's as his Julys, parish, the Bishop left Mr. Rowley, with Adams, the carpenter, and Job, one of the Cape Town men, to build huts and receive stores. Dr. Livingstone Went on with the Mission party to settle them in their new home on the Highlands ; for, though the river was the only thoroughfare in the land, it was also the most unhealthy place for a permanent settlement. Tne With Livingstone went some of his Makololo Makoioio. f0nowerSj a Bechuana tribe in whom he had great and deserved confidence. Before going to England he had planted them at Tete, ordering them to wait there for him, and on his return in two years there they were still waiting. '86 1] THE SHIRE HIGHLANDS. 21 And so, to conquer the land and subdue it for Monday, Christ, this little procession set forth, the great June 15' Doctor tramping along at the head, with the even, steady pace with which he had walked through Africa. The Makololo, Sena-men, and Chibisians followed, bearing the burdens, including forty days' provisions ; lastly came the missionaries, headed by their Bishop, and, like the Jews of old under Nehemiah, " Every one with one of his hands wrought in the work, and with the other held a weapon." For, mindful that there was already war in the land, they were all armed. When the natives looked at the Bishop, and saw him carrying his gun in one hand, and Bishop Mac- ¦' ° s kenzie's first his pastoral staff (the gift of the Cape clergy) Maroh. in the other, they were more alarmed at the latter than at the former, whose properties they knew. Said one, " Mfuti?" (a gun). " Aye Mfuti ikuru " (a great gun), said another. The Bishop writes : — " I myself had in my left hand a loaded gun, in my right the crozier they gave me in Cape Town, in front a can of oil, and behind a bag of seeds, which I carried the greater part of the day. I thought of the contrast between my weapon and my staff, the one like Jacob, the other like Abraham, who armed his trained servants to rescue Lot. I thought of the seed which we must sow in the hearts of the people, and of the oil of the Spirit that must strengthen us in all we do." And so at length in Central Africa "the Sower went forth to sow His seed." At this point it is necessary to understand the state of the land at the time. Livingstone found it much changed since his former visit, and it is not wonderful that he did 22 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [1S61 not realize the causes of the change ; still less wonderful is it that the missionaries did not understand them. statB Shortly ,put it was thus : — The Matabele, of "Nationl6 whose prowess we now know so much, had at this time. defeated a tribe in the far interior — the Banyai — and stolen or slain their women and children. The Banyai offered ivory to Portuguese slave dealers to supply them with wives. The Portuguese looking round to see where there was war, and consequently where there was a weaker party to be enslaved, discovered a part of the great Yao race, who lived, and still live, on the eastern side Tho YfLo or Ajawa of Lake Nyasa, south of the Rovuma, and who were flying south before the incursions of the Mavia and other Makua tribes. This Yao race is in the Mission Journal always called Ajawa ; Livingstone had met some of them near Mount Zomba years before, and formed a bad opinion of them. Pressed south, they came to the country round Lake Shirwa, and, as there was plenty of land, they would have settled peaceably, but for the Manganja or Nyasa race, who fought with their weary (and perhaps thieving) guests, and sold them in crowds to the Portuguese. They were but too much used to being seized for slaves, for annually numbers of them were sold at Zanzibar. By degrees the Yao found themselves the stronger, and turned the tables on the Manganja, selling them to the Portuguese, instead of being sold the.mselves. Like most African tribes, the Yao were by turns enslavers and enslaved. It was at this juncture that the missionaries arrived, and only knew of the Yao as wicked marauders, helping on the thrice accursed slave trade. Had they realized that they were a stronger race pushed south, and compelled l86'] THE SHIRE HIGHLANDS. 23 to make homes for themselves by the universal law of replenishing the earth and subduing it, they would have known that it was hopeless to engage in any struggle with them, unless they meant to interfere regu larly in native wars. This they had already Missionaries resolved not to do. Bishop Gray, writing later on, says :— " It is curious that the question of using arms was freely dis cussed in my house, and that the party— the Bishop and Scudamore most especially — maintained that it was unlawful under any circumstances, even' in defence of their lives. Their line was patient suffering." This is the line universally adopted now in the Mission, but no one had calculated the effect of the actual sight of a slave gang (in a place where there were no British forces to call in) on men with loving hearts and strong hands. Dr. Livingstone felt more than justified in what he did. Most Englishmen, worthy of the name, and im perfectly understanding the state of things, would have done the same. But interference once begun, must be followed up. If patient suffering is to be effective, it must be consistent. " It must begin with non-intervention and end with non-intervention." Dr. Livingstone hoped one blow would be enough. It was not enough. After all, if the native policy of the Mission was a mistake, it was a mistake not unworthy of heroes. If we do not adopt their line, we can admire and follow their spirit. The party, now en route from Chibisa's, on the Shire to Chigunda's station (Magomero) on the Highlands, had reached Mbame's. The natives were sitting round their fires, while the Bishop and others had gone to bathe, when HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [1S61 a string of slaves was seen descending into the First Rescue .,, . . , , . , T - • of slaves village, driven by slave dealers. Livingstone, at Mbamo's. , . , . i V. TJ- • i his brother, and Dr. Kirk went out to meet them. There they were, eighty-four helpless captives, their necks in slave-forks, bound with hard thongs of bark, men, women and children, on their way to Tete, to be sold into life-long captivity. Dr. Livingstone dis armed the six slavers and let them go ; while, with joy untold, the peo ple around cut the bonds and set the bewil dered slaves free. They stretched. out their hands uncertainly, and gradually light dawned on them. They were free. Only the night , before, one poor fellow had tried to loose his bonds, and, being discovered, was hung up to a tree for hours, by his wrists and ankles, till, all power of walking having failed him, he was taken aside, and an axe ended his torments. Bishop Mackenzie returned from his bath to find the slaves "clothed and cooking." No wonder his heart warmed, and he resolved to stand by Livingstone through good and evil report ; for it is true that, as Paley says : — "Few ever will be found to attempt alterations, but men of more spirit than prudence, of more sincerity than caution, of A SLAVE GANG, 1S61] THE SHIRE HIGHLANDS. 25 warm, eager and impetuous temper. If we are to wait for im provement till the cool, the calm, the discreet part of mankind begins it, I will venture to pronounce that (without His interpo sition with Whom nothing is impossible) we may remain as we are till the renovation of all things." Here was at once a nucleus of work for the party, and Dr. Livingstone gave all the captives to the Bishop, who, after offering them their choice of returning to their homes or staying with him, found that they had no homes left to which to return. The Bishop therefore had become at once father and head of a flock. They now marched on to Magomero, a village . ° ° Magomero. belonging to the chief Chigunda. Hearing fearful accounts of the Yao cruelties, Livingstone marched out to try and induce them to retire to their own country, not knowing that they would have done so only too gladly, but could not. Burning villages lighted the , it t ¦ i./v- 1 Warfare way to the Yao camp. It is difficult to say with the Yao, whether a Makololo or Yao fired the first shot ; but in a short time Livingstone drove off the Yao and burnt their huts. The Bishop took no active part in the battle, but his party lent their aid in this serious affray. It was now determined to settle at Ma- Half gbmero, and here Livingstone left them. Chi- Magomero 1-11 „iii 1 » 1 bought for£l. gunda said he was dead already at the thought of these powerful English going away, and for the consideration of ^1 he gave them half his village. It was as bad a situation as the Highlands afforded, being regu larly down in a hollow, and sixty miles from Chibisa's, whence all provisions must come. On the other hand, it was a strong situation, well watered, but not free from 26 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [1861 fever. As an outpost, it might perhaps stay the advance of the Ajawa. The Yao war The unfortunate fame of their former prowess (August). Spreac[ far and wide, and a deputation of Nyasa chiefs prayed the Bishop to help them again. He, feeling pledged by the former action, and finding that families had really been carried off, agreed to help them, on a promise that they themselves would never buy or sell slaves again, and that any prisoners taken should go free. The Bishop, Mr. Waller, and Charles Thomas went boldly forward to the Yao army on an embassage of peace, and barely escaped being shot down. The combat then began ; the Nyasa people fought well under the guid ance of the English, and victory remained with them, a victory bloodless on their own side and nearly so on the enemy's side ; and the Yao fled, leaving their captives behind. To no one could the fight have been so dreadful as to the Bishop and his companions, Mr. Scudamore, Mr. Row ley, Mr. Waller, and Adams. But they had the happiness of re-uniting some of the captives to their families ; and out of this battle came some of the few visible fruits of Rescued ^he Magomero Mission. A little sick child, left children. to starve, was picked up on the way back, baptized by the name of Charles Henry, slept by the Bishop's side that night, and passed to rest in the morning — 'the first-fruits of the Nyasa race. And as they walked back to Magomero, the Bishop himself carried a little girl named Daoma on his shoulder, " because she was such a little one." We shall hear of -her again. And now came a very pleasant time at Magomero. The country quite close was at peace, slave traders came no rS6i] THE SHIRE HIGHLANDS. 2J more, the missionaries built themselves huts and encouraged their people to do the same and to e atmeiu plant gardens. The Bishop was very proud of having built himself the best hut, circular, nine feet in diameter and ten feet high in the middle, his Cambridge mathematical precision standing him in good stead ; but his satisfaction was alloyed when it was pointed out to him that he had forgotten to make a door ! The missionaries were busy learning the language, which is something like Kafir. Bearing in mind the false im pressions of God given by mission priests in China, who taught before they knew the language, they attempted no direct instruction, but such as arose out of daily t-, , , Teaching necessities, ror instance, news was brought Natives that the Yao had burnt a certain village where the Bishop had once slept ; would the English come and help them ? Just as they were ready to start, the Bishop asked : " Where are we to meet ? " " At the chief's village." " What village ? " "The village where you slept," said the Nyasa, falling into the trap. " Is it not burned, then ? " " No." " Did you lie when you said it was burned ? " The chief Namp'eko, grinning, replied, " I did lie." " If a dog could do as you have done, I should kick it. I cannot speak to you any more to-day." Thus the Bishop taught them that a lie was displeasing to God. So once they found all their people busily shelling peas, which turned out to be stolen. When detected, some 28 HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [1861 Teaching laughed, but some looked ashamed. Chigunda, onesty. ^e chief, begged them off from punishment, generously refusing to have the peas. The Bishop there fore paid the price in cloth, and gave the peas to the goats, warning them he would send away any one who so offended again. Another time three of their people robbed a Nyasa man of a handsome brass bangle. The Bishop offered them the sors tertia of the old Winchester rule — a whipping — which was gratefully accepted by two, while the third was sent away. However, in two days he returned and begged for his flogging, which he duly received. Daily Life at The day's life followed a certain rule at Magomero. Magomero. Rising at 6, there was a roll-call of natives at 6.30, which frightened them at first. The native breakfast was served in the open air, the boys arranged in circles, school-feast fashion, each having a literal " handful " of porridge. At 7 came matins, and at 8 Mission breakfast of goat's flesh, yams or sweet pota toes, and Indian corn porridge, and a loaf, when it could be had, and tea or coffee with goat's milk. All then went to work, the natives having tasks assigned them when not engaged in their gardens. Mr. Scudamore drilled the boys, seventy-seven in number. They had a drum made of the skin of an elephant's ear, and they were taught to march in step and go through sundry exercises, ending with a plunge into a river at the word of command, by which they certainly learnt " Heaven's first Law " of order and obedience. Mr. Rowley undertook the purveying— no small task, with two hundred to pro vide for. He also taught singing with some success. Mr. Waller, assisted at first by Dr. Meller of the Expedition, 'S6i] THE SHIRE HIGHLANDS. 29 acted as surgeon, and had in truth much practice on the terrible wounds of the slaves. He writes of the natives : — " They bear pain so well — little fellows submit to the cautery without wincing, One poor fellow had such a heel as I never saw. He was struck in it by accident with a fish spear ; the whole of the tendon is gone, and the bone decaying beneath. In this state he was driven some thirty miles by the slavers, and came back forty with us. He never complains." The Bishop and his companions took classes for reading and teaching as far as they were able. Dinner followed at i, with a rest. Then work from 3 to 5 ; tea at 6, and prayers about 7.30. On Sundays and Festivals Holy Communion was celebrated, and gradually they managed to set apart a room as a chapel. But a church was their great desire, and on 0 ' A Ohuroh October 1, the anniversary of the farewell ser- planned and ' begun Oct, 1, vice at Canterbury, Bishop Mackenzie solemnly set up the pillar of the hoped-for church, a good-sized tree, felled by Mr. Scudamore, calling it the " first and corner post of the Church of St. Paul." That church was never to be built, in spite of the bright and holy hopes which clustered around its beginning. All but two or three of those who should have ministered and worshipped there were removed — how soon.! — to a "House not made with hands, eternal in the heavens." Yet some day, at no great distance of time, may be erected in that land of the Nyasas a church in honour of the great Missionary Apostle, and not without remembrance of the great Missionary Bishop. CHAPTER III. WAR, FAMINE, AND PESTILENCE. "Are all thine e^orts fruitless, vain, ill-spea. Futile and weak, as broken ends of thread f Yea, even so! Of broken shells He makcth, so He wills, The everlasting marble of His hills" THE arrival of the first recruits in November caused great joy to the Mission. These were the Rev. H. The first Re- de Wint Burrup, Dr. Dickenson, as medical oruits(Nov.;. officer> and Richard Clark, a tanner and shoe maker. Mrs. Burrup had been left at Bishop's Court, Cape Town, to follow later with Miss Mackenzie and Jessie Lennox, a servant devoted to the Mackenzies. Mr. Burrup arrived at Chibisa's, where Livingstone was anchored, in a marvellously short time, having pushed on alone with four natives, all the latter part of the way, in a small canoe. The Bishop, who had come down to see Livingstone, took him back to Magome'ro, and some fears were felt for the others who were behind with no quinine. "But," says Mr. Waller, "while chatting away at breakfast (November 29), we heard two guns fired, and a very few moments assured us of the coming of Dr. Dickenson and Clark. I was quickly across the river, when a hearty ' All right, sir,' from Charles, and the sight of two new faces among a multitude of black men bearing burdens told me all our hopes and fears for their safety might now be cast to the winds, and my hurrah joined with the others that came across to welcome them." " ' For these arid all His other mercies, but especially for this mercy, God's holy Name be praised,' cried the Bishop." 30 1S63] WAR, FAMINE, AND PESTILENCE. 31 , , For thus began that stream of successors, which, though sometimes a slender stream indeed, has, in God's good Providence, never ceased to flow from our land for the watering of our Master's heritage among the heathen. Warfare, meantime, had not ceased. The warfare Yao and Nyasa races were unceasingly fight- maintalneii- ing for space to live in, and for slaves, and once the slavers attacked Mr. Procter and Mr. Scudamore, and nearly killed them, as they were peacefully trying to open a path from Magomero to where the Ruo joins the Shire. War brought famine in its train. With the Fin™nnee enemy in their land, many people had neglected H1s|llan soon after a cheering visit go back. from Mr. Thornton, the geologist, the Cape men, Charles, William, and Job, returned to Cape Town. They were not now needed as interpreters, and it was thought advisable that they should go back to South Africa. t, ^ ,t. Alas ! another of the Mission band was to be Death of Dr. Dickenson taken, Brave and hard-working Dr. Dicken- (March). ' *> son, to whom almost every member of the Mission owed his life, succumbed in March. Mr. Procter prayed with him, and he followed every word, saying, almost with his latest breath, " LORD Jesus, have mercy on me, a sinner." He was laid beside Mr. Scudamore. "They were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not divided." oiam returns Immediately after this, Dr. Livingstone and to England. Dr Kjrk pa;d them & vjsit) and ^^ ^& ^{& q{ Clark, the church builder, who, however, had to go back to England, but only to return to the Cape Colony, where he was ordained in 1875. The Mission party now wrote word to the Metropolitan 1863] WAR, FAMINE, AND PESTILENCE. 4 1 that if help and fresh stores, especially of animal food, did not reach them by June 15, they should feel compelled to abandon the country. By that time, however, things looked brighter ; the native corn had grown, peace was restored, and, better than all, the new Bishop, Dr. Tozer, with three clergy and three artisans, second Bishop, was on his way. Before the end of June he arrived, and after much consultation, decided on removing the Mission to Mount Morambala, sending Mr. Procter, who had quite broken down, at once to Eng- RemoTalof land. Mr. Rowley was also obliged, by fever, to XSbaia? return with him. Dr. Livingstone still clung Au£-7- to his belief in the Shire highlands, and no doubt he was so far right, as that Morambala could never become a base of operations. But when the time came for Mr. Waller to leave the Shire, he could not bring himself toMr.waiierand abandon the people who had trusted to the Mission. To take them all to Morambala was impos sible. So he did a brave and wise thing. He sent to the dreaded Yao chief, Kapene, who now possessed all the highlands, and said, " Come down and speak to us." Kapene came, with his fifty mighty men well armed. Mr. Waller told him why they had interfered with his people, and explained how terribly the slave trade hurt all the African races. Then he asked Kapene to protect the people left behind by the Mission, and who wished to become his villagers. Kapene said they should- be as his own children, and that as long as he could protect himself he would protect them. And he kept his word. Finally Mr. Waller, on his sole responsibility orphans 1 1 . \ brought to (for Bishop Tozer could not undertake it), cape Town. -p HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITIES' MISSION. [1863 Light- Anne Daoma. brought down the few helpless people and orphans who had none to care for them to the foot of Morambala, and at length brought about twenty boys and one girl to Cape Town, placing the boys in the families of Mr. foot's coloured tion, who adopted them with that great and unsel fish generosity which is one feature of the African cha racter. The girl was Daoma, the little one whom Bishop Mackenzie had carried on his shoulder. She was re ceived by Miss Arthur, at St. George's Orphanage, and was baptized in the cathedral by the name Anne Rebecca. Never was a good deed better rewarded. Anne Daoma grew up a dear, good, gentle girl. Some years later, when Miss Arthur opened a Mission Day School for the very poor children around her, Anne was at once made infant schoolmistress. When Miss Arthur fell into ill-health, and had a difficulty in getting English helpers, she wrote warmly of Anne as one of her best assistants. Anne is now mistress of the Mission School, and lives at' the Orphanage, the only home she can remember. " If only one soul were won for Christ, our Fruits of the , , , , , , • , ,. TT Mission on the labour would be amply repaid. How often we Zambesi. , . , . hear such words at meetings and in sermons ! REV. HORACE WALLER. {From a Photograph by Messrs. Maull &* Fox.) l863J WAR, FAMINE, AND PESTILENCE. If they mean anything, this, as far as we can judge, is one tangible result of the Mission, besides the twenty other children, and the roll in Paradise of infants and others baptized at the point of death. And we have for ever the blessed memory of all that patient suffering, and of the holy lives and deaths of the missionaries, whose graves are the goal whither the Nyasa Mission is now tending. One more practical result cannot be over- 11-. • ... ... Lessons of stated. By an experience bitter beyond all the •11 • , Mission. possible expectation, the Mission had learnt the lesson that carelessness of life, and of the precautions for preserving health, is not wise for this world or the next ; that none, however strong, can afford to play with a tropical climate ; ' that certain rules of health can and must be kept ; and that to remain needlessly in a hotbed of fever, slighting the proper remedies, is not trusting, but tempting, Providence. These first missionaries had the bitter lesson to learn. To some extent they could not foresee these dangers, and did not know the precautions. But now that the lesson has been scored deeply on that page of Church history, those who neglect its warnings will die, not as martyrs, as Mackenzie, Burrup, Scudamore, and Dickenson did (the Church ever reckoning as such those who die for love, if they do not die for faith), but, in the words of Dr. Neale, as a very different character, described at some length in the Book of Proverbs; PART II. THE SEED GROWING SECRETLY. CHAPTER IV. NEW GROUND, 1863-70. ' ' The whole world is but the one field of God. He, the Lord of the Harvest, can pather the seed from one quarter, and sow it where He will , . . and in the darkness He can cause it to spring forth." June, 1862 Bishop Tozer. ¦T 'HE second Bishop of the Universities' Mission was the Rev. William George Tozer, of St. John's Col lege, Oxford, and Vicar of Burgh-cum-Win- thorpe, Lincolnshire, " a man," wrote his friend and colleague, Dr. Steere, " who shrinks from nothing and succeeds in every thing." Bishop Gray had hurried to England partly to consult the Home Committee about a successor to Mackenzie. The choice, entrusted entirely to the Metropolitan and the Bishop of Oxford (Wilberforce), fell on Mr. Tozer. Imme diately his friends, the Rev. Edward Steere, LL.D., Vicar BISHOP TOZER. 3] NEW GROUND, 1863-70. 45 of Little Steeping, and the Rev. Charles Argen- Andnls tine Alington, volunteered to go out with him. Friell