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WASHINGTONIANA:

MEMORIALS OF THE DEATH

GEORGE WASHINGTON,

GIVING AN ACCOUNT OF THE

FUNERAL HOW-ORS BAID TO HIS MEMORY,

LIST OF TRACTS AND VOLUMES PRINTED

UFQN THE OCCASION,. V|

CATALOGUE OF MEDALS COMMEMORATING THE EVENT.

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By FRANKLIN. B. HOUGH.

VOL. II.

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PRINTED FOR W. ELLIOT WOODWARD,
ROXBURY, MASS.
1865.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 18155,
By EKANKLIN B. HOUGH,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for
the Northern District of New York.

EDITION:
91 Copies Quabto,
200 " Royal Octavo.
Op the Quabtos 6 abe on Whatman's Dbawing Paper.

EULOGIES

An -Eulogy on General George Washington. Pro
nounced at Boston, February 19, 1800, before the Ameri
can Academy of Arts and Sciences, by their appoint
ment. By John Davis,1 member of the Academy, and
of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
In common instances of mortality, when a father or
a friend returns to dust, we do not take our final adieu,.
though the' funeral rites be accomplished. Grief first
admits, then invites consolation, from conversing on
the lives of the deceased : a recapitulation of their
¦ virtues and of their meritorious actions is lite Ossian's
music, at once "pleasant and mournful to the soul."
When the father of his country ; when a nation's
friend descend to the grave, it is fit that public com
memorations should mingle with private condolence ;

1 The author of this Eulogy was at this time United States District
Attorney for Massachusetts to which office he had been appointed by
President Washington in 1796. He had previously held for one
year the office of Comptroller of the Treasury. In 1801 he was
appointed Judge of the District Court for the state Of Massachusetts,
and held this office forty years. He was a native of Plymouth
graduated at Harvard in 1781 ; studied law with General Joseph
Otis of Barnstable, settled in Boston in 1796, and died there January
14, 1847, aged eighty-seven years.
2

4 EULOGIES.
that we should frequently call to view his revered
image, and repeat our votive honours to him, who was
never weary in contributing to our happiness.
With such impressions, my literary fathers and
friends, you have appointed this solemn meeting :
with such impressions only, could I prevail upon
myself to attempt the task, which it has been your
pleasure to assign to me. •
Death has frequently taken a distinguished victim
from the circle of your association. You have
mourned the loss of the venerable Bowdoin,1 your
revered president, your liberal patron, the friend and
promoter of all that was excellent and pure : the pub-
. lie spirited, the munificent Hancock:2 the classical,
eloquent "Cooper :3 Clarke,4 in whom shone forth all
the beauties of holiness, whose pious lips were " wet
with Castalian dews :" Belknap,5 learned devout, and
unaffected, worthy of being the biographer of Wash-

1 James Bowdoin, an original member of the Academy, died at
Boston, November 6, 1790., An' eloquent eulogy was delivered upon
occasion the before the society, January 26, 1791.
2 John Hancock, the illustrious president of Congress upon the
declaration of Independence, and afterwards governor of Massachu
setts, died October 8, 1793, aged fifty-six years.
3 The. Rev. Samuel Cooper, one of the original members of the
Academy, died in Boston, December 29, 1783, aged 58 years. He was
distinguished for his talents and learning, and served as pastor of the
Brattle street church about thirty-seven years.
4 Rev. John Clarke, native of Portsmouth, N. H., was one of tbe
original members of the Academy, and pastor of the first church in
Boston. He was struck down with apoplexy while preaching, and
expired the next day (April 2, 1798) at the age of forty-two years.
5 The Rev. Jeremy Belknap, historian and biographer, died June
20, 1798, at the age of fifty-four years.

EULOGIES. 5
ington : Sumner,1 the cherished ornament of the Com
monwealth : to these, and many more of your beloved
and respected associates you have bidden a sad~ fare
well : they are removed from your pleasant meetings
to the cold, and silent .mansions of the grave. This
day you lament the loss of one, who was not indeed
an attendant at your literary interviews ; but who
was still most dear : whose benign and happy influ
ences travelled to their object, unimpeded by distance,
like the mild and steady beams of planetary light.2
" Thou sleepest the sleep of death, but we are not
unmindful of thee, 0 Achilles : in life and in death,
thou art equally the object of our regard' and venera
tion." Thus sang the Grecian bard, to soothe the
shade of a hero : with like affectionate reverence,
with pious sensibilities, do we cherish thy memory,
departed Washington, and pay repeated visits to thy
tomb. In contemplating a life, whose maturer portion was
so singularly splendent, we are naturally prompted to
look back to its commencement. Corresponding to
that consistency of character, by which he was distin
guished, marks of superiority are imprinted on the
very threshold of his days.
In the early dawn of manhood, delicate and import
ant public duties were committed to his charge'. Then

1 Gov. Increase Sumner, died at Roxbury, June 7, 1799, aged fifty-
two years, while filling the chief executive office of Massachusetts.
2 General "Washington was among the earliest American members
of the Academy.

6 EULOGIES.
appeared some of those heroic virtues, that pi'esaged
his future greatness. Unshaken fortitude, firm per
severance, and sound discretion. Behold the intrepid
messenger pursuing his weary way through a pathless
wilderness. The assaults of the savage do not intimi
date him : the severities of winter do not arrest his
progress. He returns in safety and in honour : though
Gallic artifice strewed his way with thorns : though
the waters of the Alleghany had well nigh extin
guished his valued life, when their impetuous current
rolled over his youthful head. Illustrious man !
then, as in all thy life, the conscious satisfaction result
ing from a faithful discharge of duty, was thy suffi
cient, thy best reward: but how might it have cheered
thy exalted spirit to have known, that far beyond the
limits of thy long and arduous journey should extend
an empire, which should acknowledge thee, as the
most distinguished instrument of its establishment !
The same memorable ground next becomes the
theatre of his military achievements ; and at the early
age of twenty-seven, he has attracted the admiration
of his country, and retired to his beloved residence,
with public testimonials of th'eir approbation and
regard. Agricultural employments, domestic endearments,
and the discharge of civic trusts, dignify and adorn the
next fifteen years of his interesting life. But not
these alone. In that calm interval, when common
minds might have been corrupted by indulgence, or

EULOGIES. 7
benumbed with satiety^ the superior mind of Wash
ington was improving under thewholesome regimen
of systematic discipline. Faithful to the high obliga
tions of truth and duty, faithful to himself, he studied
the various relations that bind the man and the citi
zen, and, in the shade of peace and retirement, pre
scribed to himself those rules and maxims of conduct,
on which was reared the lofty edifice of his fame.
With correct and extensive views of the rights and
interests of his country ; with lively sensibilities, when
they were invaded or endangered, he had a just title
to the high honour of convening with that illustrious
band of patriots and civilians, who composed the first
national council of United America. By that coun
cil, faithful and intelligent, deeply impressed with" the
mighty interests intrusted to their care, and well
apprized that the fate of their country depended on
their choice, he is unanimously appointed to command
the feeble armies of an oppressed people, against the
veteran arms of the first European power. He suf
fers himself to be advanced to that " painful preemin
ence," though his strong and comprehensive mind
could not have been unmindful of the vast " sea of
troubles," on which he was embarking.
With a less correct sense of public duty, he might
have urged many claims to avoid the ponderous task.
and .in a dubious contest, multitudes from political
opinion, and many, from an indulgent regard to an
opulent and distinguished citizen, would have digni-

8 EULOGIES.
fied the cautious decision with the name of wisdom.
He listens to no such unworthy suggestion. He takes
counsel with himself— he obeys the call of his coun
try — he hastens to the scene of action; and at no
period, perhaps, does his conduct appear more elevated
and interesting, than at that impressive moment, when
he placed himself at the head of his applauded band
of undisciplined husbandmen, on yonder classic
plains. The purity and magnanimity, manifested by the
acceptance of that arduous trust, taught his admiring
country to expect, with firm reliance, that, with those
-hopeful pledges, were associated all the protecting train
of martial and manly virtues.
Those animating hopes were completely realized.
Modelled by his great example, the camp became a
school of virtue, as well as of military science. There
were seen unshaken fidelity ; unsullied honor; humane
and social sympathies ; pure love of country ; respect
for the magistracy, and reverence for the laws. He
sustained the standard of American Liberty with
energies suited to her character : tempering authority
with mildness, bravery with discretion. Intrepid in
danger, clement in victory, undismayed by disaster, he
bore the precious deposit through a long and perilous
conflict, animated by the applauses of a grateful
country and the admiration of the world.
The eventful occurrences, that developed his talents
and his virtues, are too deeply impressed upon the

EULOGIES.

memory of those whom I address, to require a repeti
tion. They were strongly associated with all you held
most dear. Revolving years, life's multiplied concerns,
a long and happy participation of succeeding peace
and prosperity, have not effaced them from your
remembrance. And ye, ingenuous- youth, whose
existence commenced in the age of Washington, who
have seeu only his setting sun, in the mirror of history
you will behold the bright reflection of his meridian
beams. You will learn of your revered sires, how
they were animated by their benign and cheering
influence. Ask of those who bare you : they will
tell you, how his guardian form dispelled distressing
terrors, and protected by his arm, with what calm
complacence they watched your infant slumbers.
" The elevated sentiments and the expanded views,
which inspired the mind of every active citizen, dur-
iug the memorable contest for liberty and independ
ence, were not satisfied with the firm pursuit, or the
assured prospect of those interesting objects. During .
a struggle for political existence, you studied the lib
eral embellishments of a state, and like Pliny on
Vesuvius, attended to the pursuits of science, undis
mayed by tho thunder and the storm, by which you
were assailed._ This literary establishment was a child
of the revolution.1 Europe beheld it with admira-

1 The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, was incorporated
May 4, 1780, and is next after the American Philosophical Society,
the oldest existing scientific society in America. Tbe objects for which

10 EULOGIES.
tion. The friends of America contemplated it with
delight. They considered it as affording renewed
evidence, that you were resolved on the attainment
of freedom, and were worthy of its enjoyment.
The illustrious man, whose loss we now deplore, was
among the first of your elected associates. It was a
time of multiplied calamities. The military opera
tions of the enemy were to be opposed in five differ
ent States of the Union. A mind occupied with such
immense concerns, cauld not be expected fo apply
itself to the immediate objects of your institution.
Yet he accepts your invitation ; looking forward, •
doubtless, to the happier days, when the arts of peace
should succeed the horrors of war. As the" first
among the public characters of the age ; as the pride
and defence of your country, he was entitled to the
earliest and most respectful expressions of your atten
tion : but he was your associate by still more appro
priate characters, by 'dispositions and accomplish-

it was organized are concisely stated in one of the sections of the act
by which h>was created :
" And be it farther enacted by the autliority aforesaid. That the end
and design of the Institution of the said Academy is, to promote and
encourage the knowledge of the antiquities of America, and of the
natural history, of the Country, and to determine the uses to which
the various natural productions of tbe country may be applied : to
promote and encourage medical discoveries, mathematical disquisi
tions, philosophical enquiries and experiments, astronomical, meteoro
logical and geographical observations, and improvements in agricul
ture, arts, manufactures and commerce • and in fine, to cultivate every
art and science, which may tend to advance the interest, honor, dig-
nity and happiness of a free, independent and virtuous people,"

"eulogies. 11
ments, altogether congenial to the nature and end of
your institution.
It is among the declared objects of your inquiry, to
examine the various soils of the country, to ascertain
their natural growths and the different methods of
culture ; to promote and encourage agriculture, arts,
manufactures and commerce : to cultivate the know
ledge of the natural history of the country, and to
determine the uses, to which its various productions
may be applied.
Pursuits of this nature always commanded his atten
tion, and to some of them he was peculiarly attached.
They were frequently the topic of his conversation.,
and tb.e_subje.et of his correspondence, with ingenious
and public spirited men, in different parts of the
world. With a mind well, fitted to acquire just conceptions
on any subject, to which his attention was directed,
he would, I am persuaded, have been distinguished in
the abstruser branches of science, if the course of
life, which he had chosen, or to which he was impelled,
had not been incompatible with the pursuit. In
patient investigation, unwearied assiduity, and sys-
tmatic arrangement, he was* excelled by none. The
uniform success, which attends his operations in mil
itary and political life, evinced great solidity of judg
ment : and he, who could produce such correct and
prosperous results, in the great affairs of a nation, so
8 ,'

12 eulogies.
liable to be defeated or impeded, by the ever varying
humours and prejudices of men, with like applica
tion, might have been equally distinguished in the
steady regions of science, whose permanent relations
and connected truths, never fail to disclose themselves
to industrious research and attentive contemplation.
But though a man of contemplative habits, he was
still more fitted for action. It became necessary for
the repose and happiness of his country, that he
should leave the asylum of his declining years. Obedi
ent to that voice, which he could never hear but
with veneration and love, he exchanges a retreat which
he had chosen with the fondest predilection, for the
anxieties and toils of political elevation. How was
he honoured in the midst of the people, in coming
forth from the shades of .his retirement ! " He was as
the morning star in the midst of a cloud ; and. as the
moon at the full; as the sun, shining upon the temple
of the Most High; and as the rainbow, giving light
in the bright cloud."
The duties of an employment, which is accepted
with reluctance, are frequently discharged with symp
toms of weariness or disgust : but he engaged in the
multiplied labours of his new and arduous station, as
if it were the fond object of his choice; and though
enjoying a weight of character, which would pecu-*
liarly facilitate his measures, yet he "discovered a laud
able solicitude, that they should possess an intrinsic

eulogies. " 13
propriety, and conducted himself with as much cau
tion and circumspection, as if he were for the first time
a candidate for public favour.
The interesting 'objects of his care, and their direct
and intimate connection with the solid interest and
permanent welfare of his country, were indeed conge
nial to the best wishes of his heart, and fitted to
relieve the unavoidable solicitudes of his station. To
regard with comprehensive and equal eye the great
assemblage of communities and interests over which
he presided : to settle pure and solid foundations ' of
national policy, consistent with the eternal rules of
order and right which Heaven has ordained : to estab
lish public credit : to revive mutual confidence : to
introduce with the native tribes on the frontiers a sys
tem corresponding with the mild principles of reli
gion and philanthropy: to provide for the national
security, by suitable military establishments : to found
the safety of the United States on the basis of system
atic and solid arrangement : to guard against infrac
tions of the laws of nations : to maintain a friendly
intercourse -with foreign powers : to exhibit that sta
bility and wisdom in the public councils, which should
be a justground of public confidence : to adopt meas
ures for the accomplishment of our duties to the rest
of the world, and create a capacity of exacting from
them the discharge of their duties towards us : to main
tain to the United States their due rank among the
nations of the earth: to vindicate the majesty of the

14 EULOGIES.
laws, against violence and insurrection : to turn the
machinations of the wicked to the confirming of the
Constitution: to extinguish the causes of external
differences, on terms compatible with national rights
and national honour: to mingle in the operations of
government every degree of moderation and tender
ness, which national justice, dignity and safety might
permit, and ' to exemplify the preeminence of a free
government, by all the attributes, which might win
the affections of its citizens and command the respect
ofthe world.1 These were -the momentous pursuits,
which occupied his elevated mind, and engaged his
warmest affections : for these purposes, he invited the
aid and cooperation of the enlightened councils of
the Union ; and in spite of the petulance of opposi
tion, or the effusions of faction, his prosperous coun
try and its grateful inhabitants, will testily that they
have been accomplished.
With views and occupations, so comprehensive and
elevated, he did not lose sight of Learning and of the
Arts. " There is nothing," said he, (in his address to
the first Congress) "that can better deserve your atten
tive patronage, than the promotion of science and
literature. Knowledge is, in every country, the surest
basis of public happiness. In one, in which the meas
ures of government receive their impressions so imrae-

1See Washington's speeches to Congress, from which the above
summary of his presidential pursuits is selected, with little variation
from his own impressive language. — AutJior's note.

EULOGIES. 15
diately from the sense of the community, it is propor
tion ably essential." To the Trustees and Faculty of
the University of Pennsylvania, in reply to their
respectful address, he acknowledges himself gratified
in being considered, by the patrons of literature, as one of
their number j1 being fully apprized of the influence which
sound learning has on religion and manners, on government,
liberty and laws ; and expressing his confidence that the
same unremitting exertions, which under all the blasting
storms of war, caused the arts and sciences to flourish in
America, would bring them nearer to maturity, when invig-.
orated by the milder rays of peace. To the University
of Harvard, he communicates his sincere satisfaction in
learning the flourishing state of their literary republic.
Unacquainted, he adds, with the expression of sentiments
which I do not feel, you will do me justice in believing, con-
Udently, in my disposition to promote the interests of science
and true religion.
His closing address to Congress is enriched with like
paternal sentiments ; and at a more solemn moment,
when completing the last arrangement of his terres
trial concerns, he makes careful provision for a literary
establishment which he had before emphatically recom
mended; appropriating to the institution of a National
University a very liberal donation, which his native
State, as an expression of their grateful sense of his
services, had placed at his disposal.

1 General Washington took an interest in tbe organization of the
University of Pennsylvania of which he was one of the first trustees.

16 EULOGIES.
These expressions of his sentiments and views indi
cate the character, which he would probably prefer to
sustain. Not merely that of a warrior, or statesman ;
but as the enlightened friend of man, and all his best
enjoyments : the advocate of religion : the supporter
of virtue : and, to adopt the language of your charter,
the cultivator or patron of "every art and science
which may tend to advance the interest, dignity and
happiness of a free, independent and virtuous people."
The artist who executed the statue which adorns
the capitol of Virginia, had, just conceptions ofthe
most appropriate character and attitude.1 Its simple
costume is well adapted to designate the founder and
defender of American liberty : the protector of agri
culture : the representative of a happy and peaceful
nation. It would require little aid from the imagination, to
render the significant emblem of your society an apt
memorial of your late illustrious associate. Let Min
erva, with the spear and shield, represent his venera
ble form. The implements of husbandry, the hill
crowned with oaks, and the field of native grain, indi
cate his favourite employment. The rising city, the
instruments of philosophy, the approaching ship, and
1Houdin, a French artist of great merit, executed for the Capitol
at Richmond, a statue of Washington in the costume he usually
wore as commander-in-chief, in which the resemblance in features
and form is considered as perfect as ean be achieved by the sculptor's
art. Another piece by tbe same artist, afforded the original, from
which the bust of Washington, seen upon the postage and revenue
stamps of the present day, was copied.

EULOGIES. 17
the sun above the cloud, are lively images of the
benign and happy influence of his life, on commerce
and the arts, and the advancing greatness of his coun
try. While contemplating the character of Washington,
in a literary point of view, I must not omit to con
sider his .style. It is distinguished for purity, propri
ety, and precision ; and some of the most correct
philologists have pronounced, that most of the quali
ties of a good style are united in his compositions.
In his letters he is plain : in his public addresses ele
gant : in all he is correct, expressing in a small com
pass his clear conceptions, without tiresome verbos
ity, or any parade of ornament. In attending to
what has fallen from his pen, the connexion between
modes of thinking and writing, between character
and composition, is apparent. His writings are mark
ed with the strong and pleasing features of sincerity,
simplicity and dignity.
It is the complaint of Livy, that eulogies, though an
useful incitement to great and virtuous actions, tend
to corrupt the truth of history. In this regard I have
no apprehensions. I have ascribed no excellencies to
the elevated character, which I have attempted to
sketch, that you are not witnesses he possessed : but I
sensibly feel, how imperfect will be the picture, which
I shall have exhibited. With great siucerity, shall I
adopt the suspensive inscription of the Grecian artists,

18 EULOGIES.
expressing that they were employed in the execution
of such a statue, or picture, rather than that they had
in any degree finished it.1
An admired writer, speaking of the casual resem
blances of persons and things, observes that in the rev
olution .of ages, the wheels of fortune, will after a
long interval run in the same track. I address myself
to men, to whom the transactions of past ages are
familiar, who have been accustomed to examine and
to estimate the splendid characters that have attracted
the attention of the world. Permit me to inquire if
you have found the man, who in merit and in fame,
in all the genuine ingredients of true glory and solid
happiness, can be compared with our lamented chief.
That rashness and excess, which tarnish the fame of
Macedonia's Madman and the Swede, appear in many of
the heroes of ancient and modern story. Some un
worthy propensity, or some unhappy error is perceived
amidst all the effulgence of their glory. Pompey
could win the affections of the senate and the people
of Rome, by disbanding his victorious armies and
reassumiug the humble air and deportment of a pri
vate citizen : but he could also descend to corrupt the
people with money ; to employ the vilest citizens to
embarrass the magistrates in the execution of their
functions, that his interposition might be rendered
necessary by commotion : verifying the justice of the

1 Harris's Hermes.

EULOGIES. 19
remark, that he could not resolve to usurp power, but
would have been glad to have had it tendered to him
as a gift.1
The celebrated reign of the philosophic emperor
Marcus Antonius, is clouded by the indiscreet adop
tion of Conlmodus, and his too great indulgence ofthe
infamous Faustina; by the elevation of her lovers to
posts of honor; by decreeing her deification, and
requiring the youth of Rome to pay their vows before
her altars.
To the first Peter of Russia, the title of Great has
been more permanent than in most instances in
which it has been assumed or bestowed : but we arc
shocked at the recorded instances of his cruelties, and
he is quoted by a celebrated theorist,2 to exemplify
the existence of public spirit, without the spirit of
humanity. Victor Amadeus, with apparent magnanimity,
resigned his crown to his son, and sought the placid
enjoyments of privacy and retreat. But his retire
ment became irksome to him: he languished for the
ree'njoyment of power, caballed against his son and
ended his days in a prison.
A Louis XIV and a Frederic, with all the splendor
of their lives, died without exciting any regrets : and
a Marlborough, famed for his consummate prudence,
as well as for his military achievements, was accused

1 Montesq. ; Grand, and Decad. &c.
2 Adam Smith's Tlieory of Moral Sentiments.
4

20 EULOGIES.
of the meanness of avarice, and of protracting a
sanguinary war for the enlargement of property and
power. If I were to select the character, among the great
men of antiquity, exhibiting the nearest resemblance
to Washington, it would be Timoleon ; memorable
for the defence and deliverance of Sicily, from external
and internal foes; for the establishment of civility
and order; and for the quiet enjoyment, to a revered
and honorable old age, of the rewards of his virtuous
labors, in the bosom of a grateful people. To that
degree did he enjoy the affection of the Sicilians, says
his biographer, that no war seemed concluded, no
laws enacted, no political regulation made in a proper
manner, unless revised and touched by him. He was
the master-builder who put the last hand to the work,
and bestowed upon it a happy elegance and perfec
tion ; though at that time Greece boasted a number
of great men, whose achievements were highly dis
tinguished. Timotheus, Agesilaus, Pelopidas and
Epaminondas, (the last of whom Timoleon principally
vied' with in the race of glory) yet in this differ from
Timoleon, that we discover in their actions a certain
labour and effort which diminishes their lustre, and
some of them afforded room for censure, and were fol- -
lowed by repentance or remorse.
_ His trophies cost his fellow-citizens no tears, nor
put any of them in mourning : and yet, in less than
eight years he delivered Sicily from its intestine miser-

EULOGIES. 21
ies and distempers, and restored it to the native inhab
itants. His military labours . finished, he returned to
Syracuse, and laid down his command; excusing him
self to the people from any further service, as he had
brought their affairs to a happy conclusion. His old
age was cherished as that of a common father. He
died of a slight illness, cooperating with length of
years. His funeral was attended by many thousands
of men and women, crowned with garlands, and
clothed in white. The lamentations mingled with the
praises of the deceased, evinced, that the honours
paid him was not a matter of course, or in compliance
with a duty enjoined, but the testimony of real sorrow
and sincere affection.1
In this description, the analogy which I have sug-'
. gested is apparent. In other particulars, there is no
resemblance. Timoleon was a foreigner in Sicily.
Washington had the supreme satisfaction of imbibing
and displaying all his virtues and talents, in his own
beloved country. As if to exemplify his own sage
reflections upon the inexpediency of foreign educa
tion and accomplishments for an American citizen',
he like " The tall mast that bears our flag on high,
Grew in otra soil and ripen'd in our sky."2
Timoleon was long wretched, if not guilty in the
death of his brother, and was a prey to sorrow and

1 Plutarch's Life of Timoleon.
2 J. Allen's Poems.

22 EULOGIES. '
remorse for the space of twenty years. No baleful
domestic occurrence darkened the days of Washing
ton. Troubles and anxieties, inseparable from the
cup of life, doubtless assailed him ; but those he sus
tained with dignity and- equanimity.
Timoleon was censurable in causing the condemna
tion' and the death of the wife and daughter of Icetas.
The tender sympathies of humanity were always
cherished in the breast of Washington ; and in a
war peculiarly tending to kindle and inflame the human
passions, he is chargeable with-no instance of cruelty
or revenge.
Timoleon was blind and helpless in his old age, and
the respect with which he was regarded was mingled
with pity; reminding us of Lucan's image of an aged
tree, casting a. shade only by its trunk. The declin
ing years of Washington were without apparent
decay. He seemed like the mountain oak; and to
the last, we looked for shelter beneath its branches,
against the impending storm.
In studying the character of Washington, we can
not refrain inquiring, by what principles or motives
he was thus uniformly swayed to the practice of virtue
and the steady pursuit of excellence. Much doubt
less was due to his habitual respect for the approba
tion and esteem of his fellow-citizens: and in attrib
uting the formation of his character and fame, in any
degree, to this source, we pay a just tribute to his
countrymen, a tribute, which he was ever prompt to

EULOGIES. 23
bestow. It was owing to their steady and strenuous sup
port, he acknowledges, that he did not sink under the
oppression which occasionally assailed him. " Poster
ity," said he, "will regard with admiration and grati
tude the patience, perseverance, and valour, - which
achieved our revolution : they will cherish the remem
brance of virtues, which had but few parallels in
former times, and which will add new lustre to the
most splendid pages of history."1 On such expres
sions, he appears to dwell with delight. Thus did
Pyrrhus acknowledge- his obligations to the Epirots,
when honoured by them with the name of the Eagle.
If lam an Eagle, said he, it is upon your arms — upon
your wings that I have risen.
To this motive was added that delicate and refined
moral sense, which is the guardian and protectress of
all the virtues ; which forbids committing any thing
base or unworthy ; any thing unbecoming the dignity
of man, a due reverence for himself, and the rank
he holds in the scale of rational beings.
But above all, he was influenced by the more per
manent and operative principle of religion : by the
firm and active persuasion of an all-seeing, all-pow
erful deity : by the high consciousness of future
accountability, and the assured hope and prospect of
immortality. Contrasting his sublime example, found
ed on such a basis, with the tribe of infidel heroes, who
have lately appeared on the bloody theatre of Europe,
1 Answer to the people of South Carolina, 1790.

24 EULOGIES.
we cannot but apply the impressive language of a
sober and intelligent heathen : " Earthquakes, light
ning, storms and torrents have an amazing power:
but as for justice nothing participates of that, without
thinking and reasoning upon God."
Sound science will ever be found promotive of
rational religion and the solid interests of the Com
monwealth : but there is a leprosy of false knowledge,
which is akin to impiety, and saps the compacted
fabric of social order. It is thus in the political sys
tem. The mild and lovely form of true liberty, is
opposed by a harlot blustering counterfeit.
It is the pride of this Society, it is the glory and
felicity of the Nation, to have at their head a Man,
to whom the knowledge and the practice of the^ooti
and the true are perfectly familiar : whom no false
theories can delude, no deceptive enticements seduce,
no demons of mischief dismay.
Under such auspices, you will walk safely and suc
cessfully : preferring the sober paths of practicable
good to the brilliant allurements of seductive unsub
stantial novelties: adhering to old and approved
truths, while indulging in new inquiries: solicitous
for improvement, but still retaining a just reverence
for the approved maxims of ancient prudence. Let
us hope that the casual abuses of science, or the
eccentricities of some of its professors, will not
impede its cultivation and encouragement. False
philosophy is indeed the deceitful Delilah which will

EULOGIES. 25
enervate and corrupt the strongest establishments, and
deliver them nerveless, and resistless, to the Philistines
of Infidelity, the Lords of Anarchy and Misrule : but
sound Science, with rational Religion, will be the
firm supporters of the Magistracy to the latest time;
as Aaron and Hur sustained the hand of Moses, until
the going down of the sun.

An Oration on the Sublime Virtues of General George
Washington, pronounced at the Old South Meeting
House in Boston, before His Honor, the Lieutenant-
Governor, the Council, and the Two Branches of the
Legislature of Massachusetts, at their Bequest, on Sat
urday, the 8th of February, 1800, by Fisher Ames.1
It is natural that the gratitude of mankind should
be drawn to their benefactors. A number of these
have successively arisen, who were no less distin
guished for the elevation of, their virtues, -than the
lustre of their talents. Of those however who were
born, and who acted through life as if they were born,
not for themselves, but for their country and the whole
human race, how few, alas ! are recorded in the long
annals of ages, and how wide the intervals of time
and space that divide them. In all this dreary length
of w^y, they appear like five or six light-houses on as
xMr. Ames had long filled offices of rank and responsibility, and at
the time when this oration was delivered, was enjoying in a large
degree the respect and confidence of the public. Four years before
his feeble health had compelled him to retire to private life. His
oratory was impulsive and thrilling, and his influence in debate com
manding. He died July 4, 1808, at the age of fifty years.

26 EULOGIES.
many thousand miles of coast ; they gleam upon the
surrounding darkness with an inextinguishable splen
dor, like stars seen through a mist; but they are seen
like stars, to cheer, to guide, and to save. Washing
ton is now added to that small number. Already he
attracts curiosity like a newly discovered star, whose
benignant light will travel on to the world's and time's
farthest bounds. Already his name is hung up by
history as conspicuously as if it sparkled in one of the
constellations of the sky.
Bv commemorating his death, we are called this day
to yield the homage that is due to virtue ; to confess
the common debt of mankind as well as our own ; and
to pronounce for posterity, now dumb, that eulogium,
which they will delight to echo ten ages hence, when
we are dumb.
I consider myself not merely in the midst -of the citi
zens, of this town, or even of the State. In idea, I
gather round me the nation. In the vast and venera
ble congregation of the patriots of all countries and
of all enlightened men, I would, if I could, raise my
voice, and speak to mankind in a strain worthy of my
audience, and as elevated as my subject. But how
shall I express emotions that are condemned to be
mute, because they are unutterable ? I felt, and I was
witness, on the day when the news of his death
reached us, to the throes of that grief that saddened
every couutenance, and wrung drops of agony, from
the heart. Sorrow labored for utterance, but found

EULOGIES. 27
none. Every man looked round for the consolation
of other men's tears. Gracious Heaven ! what conso
lation ! each face was convulsed with sorrow for the
past ; every heart- shivered with despair for the future.
The man who, and who alone, united all hearts, was
dead ; dead, at the moment when his power to do
good was the. greatest, and when the aspect of the
imminent public dangers seemed more than ever to
render his aid indispensable, and his loss irreparable ;
for two Washingtons come not in one age.
A grief so thoughtful, so profound, so mingled with
tenderness and admiration, so interwoven with our
national self-love, so often revived by being diffused,
is not to be expressed. You have assigned me a task
that is impossible.
O, if I could perform it, if I could illustrate his prin
ciples in my discourse as he displayed them in his life,
if I could paint his virtues as he practised them, if I
could convert the fervid enthusiasm of my heart into
the talent to transmit his fame as it ought to pass to
posterity ; I should be the successful organ of your
will, the minister of his virtues, and may I dare to
say, thehumble partaker of his immortal glory. These
are ambitious deceiving hopes, and I reject them.
For it is perhaps almost as difficult, at once with judg
ment and feeling, to praise great actions, as to perform
them. A lavish and undistinguishable eulogium is
not praise ; and to discriminate such excellent quali
ties as were characteristic and peculiar to him, would
5

28 EULOGIES.
be to raise a name, as he raised it, above envy, above
parallel, perhaps, for that very reason, above emulation.
Such a portraying of character however, must be
addressed to the understanding, and therefore, even if
it were well executed, would seem to be rather an
analysis of moral principles, than the recital of a hero's
exploits. It would rather conciliate confidence and
esteem, than kindle enthusiasm and admiration. It
would be a picture of Washington, and, like a pic
ture, flat as the canvas ; like a statue, cold as the
marble on which he is represented ; cold, alas, as his
corpse in the ground. Ah, how , unlike the man late
warm with living virtues, animated by the soul once
glowing with patriotic fires ! He is gone ! the tomb
hides all that the world could scarce contain, and that
once was Washington, except his glory : that is the
rich inheritance of his country ; and his example : that
let us endeavor by delineating to impart to mankind.
Virtue will place it in her temple, wisdom in her
treasury. Peace then to your sorrows. I have done with them.
Deep as your grief is, I aim not to be pathetic. I
desire less to give utterance to the feelings of this age,
than to the judgment of the next. Let us faithfully
represent the illustrious dead as history will paint, as
posterity will behold him.
With whatever fidelity I might execute this task, I
know that some would prefer a picture drawn to the
imagination. They would have our Washington

EULOGIES. 29
represented of a giant's size, and in the character of
a hero of romance. They who love to wonder better
than to reason, would not be satisfied with the con
templation of a great example, unless, in the exhibi
tion, it should be so distorted into prodigy, as to be
both incredible and useless. Others, I hope but few,
who think meanly of human nature, will deem it
incredible, that even Washington should think with
as much dignity and elevation as he acted ; and they
will grovel in vain in the search for mean and selfish
motives that could incite and sustain him to devote his
life to his country.
Do not these suggestions sound in your ears like a
profanation of virtue ? and, while I pronounce them,
do you not feel a thrill of indignation at your hearts ?
Forbear. Time never fails to bring every exalted
reputation to a strict scrutiny : the world, in passing
the judgment that ismever to be reversed, will deny
all partiality, even to the name of Washington. Let
it be denied, for its justice will confer glory.
Such_a life as Washington's cannot derive honor
from the circumstances of birth and education, though
it throws back a lustre upon both. With an inquisi
tive mind, that always profited by the lights of others,
and was unclouded by passions of its own, he acquired
a maturity of judgment rare in age, unparalleled in
youth. Perhaps no young man had so early laid Up
a life's stock of materials for solid reflection, or settled
so soon the pri nciples and habits of his conduct. Grey

30 EULOGIES.
experience listened to his counsels with respect, and
at a time when youth is almost privileged to be rash,
Virginia committed the safety of her frontier, and
ultimately the safety of America, not merely to his
valor, for that would be scarcely praise ; but to his
prudence. It is not in Indian wars that heroes are celebrated ;
but it is there they are formed. No enemy can be
formidable, by the" craft of his ambushes, the sudden
ness of his onset, or the ferocity of his vengeance.
The soul of Washington was thus exercised to danger ;
and on the first trial, as on every other, it appeared
firm in adversity, cool in action, undaunted, self pos
sessed. His spirit and still more his prudence, on the
occasion of Braddock's defeat, diffused his name
throughout America, and across the Atlantic. Even
then his country viewed him with complacency, as her
most hopeful son.
At the peace of 1763, Great Britain, in consequence
of her victories, stood in a position to prescribe her
own terms. She chose, perhaps, better for us than
for herself: for by expelling the French from Canada,
we no longer feared hostile neighbors ; and we soon
found just cause to be afraid of our protectors. We
discerned even then a truth, which the conduct of
France has since so strongly confirmed, that there is
nothing which the gratitude of weak states can give,
that will satisfy strong allies for their aid, but author
ity. Nations that want protectors, will have masters.

EULOGIES. 31
Our settlements no longer checked by enemies on the
frontier, rapidly increased ; and it was discovered, that
America was growing to a size that could defend
itself. In this perhaps, unforeseen, but at length obvious
state of things, the British government conceived a
jealousy ofthe colonies, of which, and of their intend
ed measures of precaution, they made no secret.
Thus it happened, that their foresight of the evil
aggravated its symptoms, and accelerated its progress.
The colonists perceived that they could not be gov
erned, as before, by affection ; and resolved that they
would not be governed by force. Nobly resolved ! for
had we submitted to the British claims of right, we
should have had, if any, less than our ancient liberty ;
and held what might have been left by a worse tenure.
Our nation, like its great leader, had only to take
counsel from its courage. When Washington heard
the voice of his country in distress, his obedience was
prompt; and though his sacrifices were great, they
cost him no effort. Neither the object nor the limits
of my plan, permit me to dilate on the military events
of the revolutionary war. Our history is but a tran-.
script of his claims on our gratitude. Our hearts bear
testimony, that they are claims not to be satisfied.
When overmatched by numbers.; a fugitive, with a little
band of faithful soldiers ; the states as much exhausted
as dismayed ; he explored his own undaunted heart,
and found thefe resources to retrieve our affairs. We

32 EULOGIES.
have seen him display as much valor as gives fame to
heroes, and as consummate prudence as insures suc
cess to valor ; fearless of dangers that were personal
to him ; hesitating and cautious, when they affected
his country ; preferring fame before safety or repose ;
and duty, before fame.
Rome did not owe more to Fabius, than America
to Washington. Our nation shares with him the
singular glory of having conducted a civil war with
mildness, and a revolution with order.
The event of that war seemed to crown the felicity
and glory both of America and its Chief. Until that
contest, a great part of the civilized world had' been
surprisingly ignorant of the force and character, and
almost ofthe existence, of the British colonies. They
had not. retained what they knew, nor felt curiosity to
know the state of thirteen wretched settlements, which
vast wroods inclosed, and still vaster woods divided
from each other. They did not view the colonists so
much a people, as a race of fugitives, whom want, and
solitude, and intermixture with the savages, had made
.barbarians. Great Britain, they saw, was elate with
her victories : Europe stood in awe of her power ;
Her arms made the "thrones of the most powerful
unsteady, and disturbed the tranquility of their states,
with an agitation more extensive than an earthquake.
As the giant Enceladus is fabled to lie under zEtna,
and to shake the mountain when he turns his limbs,
her hostility was felt to the extremities of the world.

EULOGIES. 33
It reached to both the Indies ; in the wilds..of Africa,
it obstructed the commerce in slaves ; the whales,
finding, in time of war, a respite from their pursuers,
could venture to sport between the tropics, and did
not flee, as in peace, to hide beneath the ice-fields of
the polar circle.
At this, time, while Great Britain wielded a force
not inferior to that of the Roman empire under Tra
jan, suddenly, astonished Europe beheld a feeble peo-^
pie, till then unknown, stand forth, and defy this giant
to the combat. It was so unequal, all expected it
would be short. The events of that war were so many
miracles, that attracted, as much perhaps as any war
ever did, the wonder of mankind. Our final success
exalted their admiration to its highest point : They
allowed to Washington all that is clue to transcendent
virtue, and to -the Americans more than is due to
human nature. They considered us as a race of
Washingtons, and admitted, that nature in America
was fruitful only in prodigies. Their books and their
travellers, exaggerating and distorting all their repre
sentations, assisted to establish the opinion, that this
is a new world, with a hew order of men and things
adapted to it ; that here we practise industry, amidst
the abundance that requires none ; that we have mor
als so refined, that we do not need laws ; and though
we have them, yet we ought to consider their execu
tion as an insult and a wrong; that we have virtue
without weaknesses, sentiment without passion, and

34 EULOGIES.
liberty without factions. These illusions, in -spite of
their absurdity, and, perhaps, because they are absurd
enough to have dominion over the imagination only,
have been received by many ofthe malecontents
against the governments of Europe, and induced them
to emigrate. Such illusions are too soothing to vanity,
to be entirely checked in their currency among Ameri
cans. They have been pernicious, as they cherish false
ideas of the rights of men and the duty of rulers.
They have led the citizens to look for liberty where it
is not, and to consider the government, which is its
castle, as its prison.
Washington retired to Mount Vernon, and the eyes
of the world followed him. He left his countrymen
to their simplicity and tlieir passions, and their glory
soon departed. Europe began to be undeceived, and
it seamed for a time, as if by the acquisition of inde
pendence, our citizens were disappointed. The Con
federation was then the only compact made " to form
a'perfect union of the states, to establish justice, to
insure the tranquility, and provide for the security, of
the nation ;" and accordingly, union was a name that
still commanded reverence, though not obedience.
The system called justice was, in some of the states,
iniquity reduced to elementary principles; and the
public tranquility was such a portentous calm, as rings
in deep caverns before the explosion of an earthquake.
Most of the states then were in fact, though not in

EULOGIES. 35
form, unbalanced democracies. Reason, it is true,
spoke audibly in their constitutions; passion and
prejudice louder in their laws. It is to the honor of
Massachusetts, that it is chargeable with little devia
tion from principles. Its adherence to them was one
of the causes of a dangerous rebellion. It was scarcely
possible that such governments should not be agitated
by parties, and that prevailing parties should not be
vindictive and unjust. Accordingly, in some of the
states, creditors were treated as outlaws ; bankrupts
were armed with legal authority to be persecutors ;
and, by the shock of all confidence and faith, society
was shaken to its foundations. Liberty we had ; but
we dreaded its abuse almost as much as its loss ; and
the wise, .who' deplored the one, clearly foresaw the
other. The states were also becoming formidable to each
other. Tribute, under the name of impost, was for
years levied by some of the commercial states upon
their neighbors. Measures of retaliation were resorted
to, and mutual recriminations had begun to whet the
resentments, whose never failing progress among
states is more injustice, vengeance, and war.
The peace of America hung by a thread, and fac
tions were already sharpening their weapons to'cut it.
The project of three separate empires in America was
beginning to be broached, and the progress of licen
tiousness would have soon rendered her citizens unfit
for liberty in either of them. An age of blood and
. 6

36 EULOGIES.
misery would have punished our^disunion : but these
were not the considerations to deter ambition from its
purpose, while there were so many circumstances in
our political situation to favor it.
At this awful crisis, which all the wise so much
dreaded at the time, yet which appears, on a retro
spect, so much more dreadful than their fears ; some
man was wanting, who possessed a commanding power
over the popular passions, but over whom those
passions had no power, That man was Washington.
His name, at the head of such a list of worthies as
would reflect honor on any country, had its proper
weight with all the enlightened, and with almost all
the well-disposed' among the less informed citizens,
and, blessed be God ! the Constitution was adopted.
Yes, to the eternal honor of America among the
nations of the earth, it was adopted, in spite of the
obstacles, which, in any other country, and perhaps in
any other age of this, would have been insurmount
able; in spite of the doubts and fears which well-
meaning prejudice creates for itself, and which party
so artfully inflames into stubbornness ; in spite of the
vice which it has subjected to restraint, and which is •
therefore its immortal and implacable foe ; in spite of
the oligarchies in some of the states, from whom it
snatched dominion ; it was adopted, and pur country
enjoys one more invaluable chance for its union and
happiness : Invaluable ! if the retrospect of the
dangers we have escaped, shall sufficiently inculcate

EULOGIES. 37
the principles we have so tardily established. Per
haps multitudes are not to be taught by their fears
only, without suffering much to deepen the impression ;
for experience brandishes in her school a whip of scor
pions, and teaches nations her summary lessons of wis
dom by the scars and wounds of their adversity.
The amendments which have been projected in some
of the states show, that in them at least, these lessons
are not well remembered. In a confederacy of states,
some powerful, others weak, the weakness of the fed
eral union'will, sooner or later, encourage, and will
riot. restrain the ambition and injustice of the members.
The weak can no otherwise be strong or safe, but in
the energy of the national government. It is this
defect, — which the blind jealousy of the weak states
not unfrequently contributes to prolong. — that has
proved fatal to all the confederations that ever existed.
Although it was impossible that such merit as
Washington's should not produce envy, it was scarcely
possible, that, with such a transcendant reputation, he
should have rivals. Accordingly, he was unanimously
chosen President of the United States.
As a general and a patriot, the measure of his glory
was already full : there was no fame left for him to
excel but his own ; and even that task, the mightiest
of all his labors, his civil magistracy has accomplished.
No sooner did the new government begin its aus
picious course, than order seemed to rise out of con
fusion. The governments of Europe had seen the old

38 eulogies.
Confederation sinking, squalid and pale, into the tomb,
when they beheld the new American Republic rise
suddenly from the ground, and throwing off its grave
clothes, exhibiting the stature and proportions of a
young giant, refreshed with sleep. Commerce and
industry awoke, and were cheerful at their labors, for
credit and confidence awoke with them. Everywhere
was the appearance of prosperity; and the only fear
was, that its progress was too rapid to consist with the
purity and simplicity of ancient manners. The cares
and labors of the President were incessant : his exhort
ations, example, and authority were employed to
excite zeal and activity for the public service. Able
officers were selected only for their merits ; and some
of them remarkably distinguished themselves by their
successful management of the public business. Gov
ernment was administered with such integrity, without
mystery, and in so prosperous a course that it seemed
to be wholly employed in acts of beneficence. Though
it has made many thousand male,contents, it has never,
by its rigor or injustice, made one man wretched.
Such was the state of public affairs : and did it not
seem perfectly to ensure uninterrupted harmony to the
citizens ? did they not, in respect to their government
and its administration, possess their whole heart's
desire ? They had seen and suffered long the want of
an efficient constitution : they had freely ratified it;
they saw Washington, their tried friend, the father of
his country, invested with its powers. They knew that

eulogies. 39
he could not exceed or betray them without forfeiting his
own reputation. Consider, for a moment, what a rep
utation it was : Such as no man ever before possessed
by so clear a title and in so high a degree. His fame
seemedin itspurityto exceed even its brightness : office
took honor from his acceptance, but conferred none.
Ambition stood awed and darkened by his shadow. For
where, through the wide earth, was the man so vain as
to dispute precedence with him, or what were the
honors that could make the possessor Washington' s
superior ? Refined and complex as the ideas of virtue
are, even the gross could discern in his life the infinite
superiority of her rewards. Mankind perceived some
change in their ideas of greatness : the splendor of
power, and even of the name of conqueror, had grown
dim in their eyes. They did not know that Wash
ington could augment his fame ; but they knew and
felt that the world's wealth, and its empire too, would
be a bribe far beneath his acceptance.
This is not exaggeration ; never was confidence in
a man and a chief magistrate more widely diffused, or
more solidly established.
If it had been in the nature of man that we should
enjoy liberty, without the agitations of party, the
United States had a right under these circumstances,
to expect it ; but it was impossible. Where there is
no liberty, they may be exempt from party. It will
seem strange, but it scarcely admits a doubt, that there
are fewer malecontents in Turkey, than in any free

40 EULOGIES.
state in the world. Where the people have no power,
they enter into no contests, and are not anxious to
know how they shall use it. The spirit of discontent
becomes torpid for wilnt of employment, and sighs
itself to rest. The people sleep soundly in their chains,
and do not even dream of their weight. They lose
their turbulence with their energy, and become as
tractable as any other animals : a state of degradation
in which they extort our scorn and engage our pity for
the misery they do not feel. Yet that heart is a base
one, and fit only for a slave's bosom, that would not
bleed freely rather than to submit to such a condition;
for liberty with all its parties and agitations is more
desirable than slavery. Who would not prefer the
republics of ancient Greece, where liberty once sub
sisted in its excess, its delirium, terrible in its charms,
and glistening to the last with the blaze of the very
fire that consumed it ?
I do not know that I ought, but I am sure that I
do, prefer those republics to the dozing slavery of the
modern Greece, where the degraded wretches have
suffered scorn till they merit it, where they tread on
classic ground, on the ashes of heroes and patriots,
unconscious of their ancestry, ignorant of the nature,
and almost of the name of liberty, and insensible even
to the passion for it. Who, on this contrast, can for
bear to say, it is the modern Greece that lies buried,
that sleeps forgotten in the caves of Turkish darkness?
It is the ancient Greece that lives in remembrance,

. EULOGIES. 41
that is still bright with glory, still fresh in immortal
youth. They are unworthy of liberty who entertain
a less exalted idea of its excellence. The misfortune
is, that those who profess to Be its most passionate
admirers, have, generally, the least comprehension of
it's hazards and impediments: they expect that an
enthusiastic admiration of its nature will reconcile the
multitude to the irksomeness of its restraints. Delu
sive expectation ! Washington was- not thus deluded.
We have his solemn warning against the often fatal
propensities of liberty. He had reflected that men are
i
.often false to their country and their honor, false to
duty and even to their interest ; but multitudes of men
are never long false or deaf to their passions ; these
will find obstacles in the laws, associates in party.
The fellowships thus formed are more intimate, and
impose commands more imperious than those of
society. Thus party forms a state within the state, and is
animated by a rivalship, fear, and hatred of its supe
rior. When this happens, the merits of the govern
ment will become fresh provocations and offences, for
they are the merits of an enemy. No wonder then,
that as soon as party found the virtue and glory of
Washington were obstacles, the attempt was made,
by calumny, to surmount them both. For this, the
greatest of all his trials, we know that he was pre
pared. He knew that the government must possess
sufficient strength from within or without, or fall a

42 EULOGIES.
victim to faction. This interior strength was plainly
inadequate to its defence, unless it could be reinforced
from without by the zeal and patriotism of the citizens ;
and this latter resource was certainly as accessible to
President Washington, 'as to any. chief magistrate that
ever lived. The life of the federal government, he
considered, was in the breath of the people's nostrils ;
whenever they should happen to be so infatuated or
inflamed as to abandon its defence, its end must be
as speedy, and might be as tragical, as a constitution
for France.1
While the President was thus administering the
government, in so wise and just a manner as to
engage the great majority of the enlightened and vir
tuous citizens to cooperate with him for its support,
and while he indulged the hope that time and habit
were confirming their attachment, the French revolu
tion had reached that point in its progress, when its
terrible principles began to agitate all civilized nations.
I will not, on this occasion, detain you to express,
though my thoughts teem with it, my deep abhorrence
of that revolution ; its despotism, by the mob or the
military, from the first, and its hypocrisy of morals to
JThe government of Massachusetts has manifested more than
once, and so lately as the last year, a wise discernment of the per
nicious tendency of certain usurping claims by states, and of
changes proposed to abolish, under tbe name of amending', the Con
stitution. The example has had its proper weight to produce, in other states,
a like zealous and prompt support of the national government.
Long may such patriotic zeal continue, and ever may its efforts
obtain a like success.

EULOGIES. 43
the last. Scenes have passed there which exceed
description, and which, for other reasons, I will not
attempt to describe ; for it would not be possible, even
at this distance of time, and with the sea between us
and France, to go through with the recital of them,
without perceiving horror gather, like a frost, about
the heart and almost stop its pulse. That revolution
has been constant in nothing but its vicissitudes, and
its promises ; always delusive but always renewed, to
establish philosophy by crimes, and liberty by the
sword. The people of France, if they are not like
the modern Greeks, find their cap of liberty is a sol
dier's helmet ; and, with all their imitation of dicta
tors and consuls, their exactest similitude to these
Roman ornaments, is in their chains. The nations of
Europe perceive another resemblance, in their all con
quering ambition.
But it is only the influence of that event on America,
and on the measures of tho President, that belongs to
my subject. It would be ingratefully wrong to his
character, to be silent in respect to a part of it, which
has the most signally illustrated his virtues.
The genuine character of that revolution is not even
yet so well understood as the dictates of self-preserva
tion require it should be. The chief duty and care of
all governments is to protect the rights of property,
and the tranquility, of society. The leaders of the
French revolution, from the beginning, excited the
poor against the rich ; this has made the rich poor,

44 EULOGIES.
but it will never make the poor rich. On the contrary,
they were used only as blind instruments to make
those leaders masters, first of the adverse party, and
then ofthe State. Thus the powers ofthe State were
turned round into a direction exactly contrary to the
proper one, not to preserve tranquility and restrain
violence, but to excite violence by the lure of power,
and plunder, and vengeance. Thus all France has
been, and still is, as much the prize of the ruling
party as a captured ship, and if any right or possession
has escaped confiscation, there is none that has not
been liable to it.
Thus it clearly appears that, in its origin, its char
acter, and its means, the government of that country
is revolutionary : that is, not only different from, but
directly contrary to, every regular and well-ordered
society. It is a danger, similar in its kind, and at
least equal in degree, to that with which ancient Rome
-menaced her enemies. The allies of Rome were
slaves ; and it cost some hundred years' efforts of her
policy and arms, to make her enemies her allies.
Nations, at this day, can trust no better to treaties ;
they cannot even trust to arms, unless they are used
with a spirit and perseverance becoming the magni
tude of their danger. For the French revolution has
been from the first, hostile to all right and justice, to
all peace and order in society ; and, therefore, its very
existence has been a state of warfare against the civil
ized world, and most of all against free and orderly

EULOGIES. 45
republics. t For such are never without factions, ready
to be the allies of. France, and to aid her in the work
of destruction. Accordingly, scarcely any but repub
lics have they subverted. Such governments, by
showing in practice what republican liberty is, detect
French imposture, and show what their pretexts are
not. To subvert them, therefore, they had, besides the
facility that faction affords, the double excitement of
removing a reproach, and converting their greatest
obstacles into their most efficient auxiliaries.
Who then, on careful reflection, will be surprised,
that the French and their partizans instantly conceived
the desire, and made the most powerful attempts, to
revolutionize the American government? But it will
hereafter seem strange that their excesses should be
excused, as the effects of a struggle for liberty, and
that so many of our citizens should be flattered, while
they were insulted, with the idea, that our example
was copied, and our principles pursued. Nothing was
ever more false, or more fascinating. Our liberty
depends on our education, our laws, and habits, to
which even prejudices yield ; on the dispersion of our
people on farms, and on the almost equal diffusion of
property ; it is founded on morals and religion, whose
authority reigns in the heart, and on the influence all
these produce on public opinion before that opinion
governs rulers. Here liberty is restraint, there it is
violence ; here it is mild and cheering, like the morn-

40 EULOGIES.
ing sun of our summer, brightening the hills, and
making the valleys green ; there it is like the sun, when
his rays dart pestilence on the sands of Africa.
American liberty calms and restrains the licentious
passions, like an angel that says to the winds and
troubled seas : be still. But how has French licen
tiousness appeared to the wretched citizens of Swit
zerland and Venice? Do not their haunted imagina
tions, even when they wake, represent her as a monster,
with eyes that flash wild fire, hands that hurl thunder
bolts, a voice that shakes the foundation of the hills?
She stands, and her ambition measures the earth; she
speaks, and an epidemic fury seizes the nations.
Experience is lost upon us, if we deny that it had
seized a large part of the American nation. It is as
sober, and intelligent, as free, and as worthy to be
free, as any in the world ; yet, like all other people,
we have passions and prejudices, and they had received
a violent impulse, which, for a time, misled us.
Jacobinism had become here, as in France, rather a
sect than a party; inspiring a fanaticism that was
equally intolerant and contagious. The delusion was
general enough to be thought the voice of the people,
therefore claiming authority without proof; and jeal
ous enough to exact acquiescence without a murmur
of contradiction. Some progress was made in train-
' ing multitudes to be vindictive and ferocious. To
them nothing seemed amiable, but the revolutionary
justice of Paris; nothing terrible, but the government

EULOGIES. 47
and justice of America. The very name of patriots
was claimed and applied in proportion as the citizens
had alienated their hearts from America, and trans
ferred their affections to their foreign corrupter.
Party discerned its intimate connection of interest
with France, and consummated its profligacy by yield
ing to foreign influen.ce.
The views of these allies required that this country
should engage in war with Great Britain. Nothing
less would give to France all the means of annoying
this dreaded rival : Nothing less would ensure the
subjection of America, as a satellite to the ambition
of France : Nothing else could make a revolution
here perfectly inevitable.
For this end, the minds of the citizens were artfully
inflamed, and the moment wTas watched, and impa
tiently waited for, when their long heated passions
should be in fusion, to pour them forth, like the lava
of a volcano, to blacken and consume the peace and
government of our country.
The systematic operations of a faction under foreign
influence had begun to appear, and were successively
pursued, in a manner too deeply alarming to be soon
forgotten! Who of us does not remember this worst
of evils in this worst of ways ? Shame would forget
if it could,, that, in one of the states amendments
were proposed to break down the Federal Senate,
which as in the state governments, is a great bulwark
of the public order. To break down another, an

48 EULOGIES.
extravagant judiciary power was claimed for states.
In another state, a rebellion was fomented by the
agent of France : And who, without fresh indignation,
can remember, that the powers of government were
openly usurped ; troops levied, and ships fitted out to
fight for her ? Nor can any true friend to our govern
ment consider without dread, that, soon afterwards,
the treaty-making power was boldly challenged for a
branch of the government, from which the constitu
tion has wisely withholden it.
I am oppressed, and know not how to proceed with
my subject — Washington, blessed be God ! who
endued him with wisdom and clothed him with power
— Washington issued his Proclamation of Neutrality,
and, at an early period, arrested the intrigues of France
and the passions of his countrymen, on the very edge
of the precipice of war and revolution.
This act of firmness, at the hazard of his reputation
and peace, entitles him to the name of the first of
patriots. Time was gained for the citizens to recover
their virtue and good sense, and they soon recovered
them. The crisis Avas passed, and America was saved.
You and I, most respected fellow-citizens, should
be sooner tired than satisfied in recounting the par
ticulars of this illustrious man's life.
Plow great he appeared, while he administered the
government, how much greater when he retired from
it, how he accepted the chief military command under
his wise and upright successor, how his life was unspot-

EULOGIES. 49
ted like his fame, and how his death was worthy of
his life, are so many distinct subjects of instruction,
and each qf them singly more than enough for an
eulogium. I leave the task, however, to history and
to- posterity ; they will be faithful to it.
It is not impossible, that some will affect to consider
the honors paid to this great patriot, by the nation, as
excessive, idolatrous, and degrading to freemen, who
are all equal. I answer, that refusing to virtue its
legitimate honors would not prevent their being lav
ished, in future, on any worthless and ambitious favor
ite. If this day's example should have its natural
effect, it will be salutary. Let such honora be so con
ferred only when, in future, they shall be so merited:
Then the public sentiment will not be misled, nor the
principles of a just equality corrupted. The best
evidence of reputation is a man's whole life. We
have now, alas ! all Washington's before us. There
has scarcely appeared a really great jnan, whose char
acter has been more admired in his life time, or less
correctly understood by his admirers. When it is
comprehended, it is no easy task to delineate its excel
lencies in such a manner, as to give to the portrait
both interest and resemblance. For it requires thought
and study to understand the true ground of the supe
riority of his character over many others, whom he
resembled in the principles of action, and even in the '
manner of acting. But perhaps he excels all the great
men that ever lived, in the steadiness of his adherence

50 eulogies.
to his maxims of life, and in the uniformity of all his
conduct to the same maxims. These maxims, though
wise, were yet not so remarkable 'for their wisdom, as
for their authority over his life : For if there were any
errors in his judgment, (and he discovered as few. as
any man), we know of no blemishes in his virtue. He
was the patriot without reproach : He loved his coun
try well enough to hold -his success in serving it an
ample recompense. Thus far self-love and love of
country coincided: But when his country needed sac
rifices, that no other man could, or perhaps would be
willing to make, he did not even hesitate. This was
virtue in its most exalted character. More than once
he put his fame at hazard, when he had reason to
think it would be sacrificed, at least in this age.
Two instances cannot be denied: When the army
was disbanded ; and again, when he stood, like Leoni-
das at the pass of Thermopylae, to defend our inde
pendence against France.
It is indeed almost as" difficult to draw his character
as the portrait of Virtue The reasons are similar.
Our ideas of moral excellence are obscure, because
they are complex, and we are obliged to resort to
illustrations. Washington's example is the happiest
to shew what virtue is ; and to delineate his character,
we naturally expatiate on the beauty of virtue, much
must be felt, and much imagined. His preeminence
is not so much to be seen in the display of any "one
virtue, as in the possession of them all, and in the

EULOGIES. 51
practice of the most difficult. Hereafter, therefore, his
character must be studied before it will be striking ;
and then it will be admitted as -a model ; a precious
one to a free republic.
It is no less difficult to speak of his talents. They
were adapted to lead, without dazzling mankind ; and
to draw forth and employ the talents of others, with
out being misled by them. .In this he was certainly
superior, that he .neither mistook nor misapplied his
own. His great modesty and reserve would have con
cealed them, if great occasions had not called them
forth; and then,. as he never spoke from the affecta
tion to shine, nor acted from any sinister motives, it is
from their effects only that we are to judge of their
greatness and extent. In public trusts, where men,
acting conspicuously, are cautious, and in those pri
vate concerns, where few conceal or resist their weak
nesses, Washington was uniformly great; pursuing
right conduct from right maxims. His talents were
such as assist a sound judgment, and ripen with it.
His prudence was consummate, and seemed to take
the direction of his powers and passions ; for, as a
soldier he was more solicitous to avoid mistakes that
might be fatal, than to perform exploits that are bril
liant ; and, as a statesman, to adhere to just principles,
however old, than to pursue novelties ; and therefore
in both characters, his qualities were singularly adapted
to the interest, and were tried in the greatest perils of
the country. His habits of enquiry were so far

52 EULOGIES.
remarkable, that he was never satisfied with investi
gating, nor desisted from it, so long as he had less than
all the light that he could obtain upon a subject ; and
then he made his decision without bias.
This command over the partialities that so generally
stop men short, or turn them aside in their pursuit of
truth, is one of the chief causes of his unvaried course
of right conduct in so many difficult scenes, where
every human actor must be presumed to err.
If he had strong passions, he had learned to subdue .
them, and to be moderate and mild. If he had
weaknesses, he concealed them, which is rare, and
excluded them from the government of his temper
and conduct, which is still more rare. If he loved
fame, he never made improper compliances for what
is called popularity. The fame he enjoyed is of the
kind that will last forever ; yet it was rather the effect,
than the motive, of his conduct. Some future Plu
tarch will search for a parallel to his character. Epam-
inondas is perhaps the brightest name of all antiquity.
Our Washington resembled him in the purity and
ardor of his patriotism ; and, like him, he first' exalted
the glory of his country. There, it is to be hoped,
the parallel ends : for, Thebes fell with Epaminondas.
But such comparisons cannot be pursued far, with
out departing from the similitude. For we shall find
it as difficult to compare great men as great rivers.
Some we admire for the length and rapidity of their
current, and the grandeur of their cataracts; others,

eulogies. 53
for the majestic silence and fullness of their streams.
We cannot bring them together to measure the differ
ence of their waters. The unambitious life of Wash
ington, declining fame, yet courted by it, seemed like
the Ohio, to choose its long way through solitudes,
diffusing fertility ; or like his own Potomac, widen
ing and deepening his channel, as he approaches the
sea, and displaying most the usefulness and serenity
of his greatness towards the end of his course. Such
a citizen would do honor to any country. The con
stant veneration and affection of his country will show,
that it was worthy of such a citizen.
However his military fame may excite the wonder
of mankind, it is chiefly by his civil magistracy that
his example will instruct them. Great generals have
arisen in all ages of the world, and perhaps most in
those of despotism and darkness. In times of violence
and convulsion, they rise by the force of the whirl
wind, high enough to ride in it and direct the storm.
Like meteors, they glare on the black clouds with a
splendor, that, while it dazzles and terrifies, makes
nothing visible but the darkness. The fame of heroes
is indeed growing vulgar : they multiply in every long
war : they stand in history, and thicken in their ranks,
almost as undistinguished as their own soldiers.
But such a Chief Magistrate as Washington appears
like the pole star in a clear sky, to direct the skillful
statesman. His presidency will form an epoch, and
be distinguished as the age of Washington. Already

54 EULOGIES.
it assumes its high place in the political region. Like
the milky way, it whitens along its alloted portion of
the hemisphere. The latest generations of men will
survey, through the telescope of history, the space
where so many virtues lend their rays, and delight to
separate them into groups and distinct virtues. As
the best illustration of them, the living monument, to
which the first of patriots would have chosen to con
sign his fame, it is my earnest prayer to Heaven, that
our country may subsist, even to that late day, in the
plenitude of its liberty and happiness, and mingle its
mild glory with Washington's.
An Eulogy on the late General Washington, pronounced
before the inhabitants of the town of Boston, Jan
uary Wi, 1800, at the request of their committee, by
George R. Minot,1 A. M.; A. A. S.
Our duty, my fellow townsmen, on 'this distressing
occasion, is dictated by the dignity and resplendent
virtue- of the beloved man whose death we deplore.
We assemble to pay a debt to departed merit, a debt
xMr. Minot graduated at Harvard in 1778, at tbe age of twenty,
and having acquired the profession of laws under William Tudor,
began practice, but was soon appointed clerk of the house, and after
wards served as secretary of the constitutional convention. In 1792
he was appointed judge of probates for Suffolk county. He was the
author of several meritorious historical works, and was highly
esteemed for Ms intelligence, integrity and talents. He died, Janu
ary 2, 1802, aged 43 years. Concerning this oration he thus remarks
in his journal:
* * * They gave me ten days to prepare myself. What were my
feelings in this short time.? My only refuge was in an enthusiastic

EULOGIES. 55
which we can only pay by the sincerity of our grief,
and the respectful effusions of " gratitude ; for the high
est eulogy left us to bestow upon our lamented Wash
ington, is the strict narration of the truth, and the
loftiest character which we can assign to him, is the
very display of himself. When ambition allies itself
to guilt, when power tramples upon right, when vic
tory triumphs in bloody when piety sits clouded in
superstition, when humility is affected by cunning,
when patriotism is founded on selfishness ; then let
adulation spread her prostituted mantle, to screen
the disgraces of her patrons, and amuse with the
falsehoods of her imagination. But to our political
father, the faithful page of history is panegyric, and
the happiness of his country is the monument of his
fame. Come, then, warriors ! statesmen ! philosophers !
citizens ! assemble round the tomb of this favourite
son of virtue ; with all the luxury of sorrow, recollect
the important events of his life, and partake of the

pursuit of my subject which stimulated what little powers I possessed
to their utmost exertion. A candor and mild expectation prevailed
through all ranks of people which encouraged me. A like- kind of
attentive silence enabled me to deliver myself so as to be heard. I sat
clown, unconscious of the effect, feeling as though the music was at
once playing the dirge of Washington's memory and my own liter
ary reputation. I was soon astonished at my good fortune.; all
praised me ; a whole edition of my eulogy sold in a day. The print
ers presented me with an additional number of copies on account of-
their success. Invitations are sent me to dine in respectable com
panies, my friends are delignted, and although nearly exhausted by
sickness, I am happy.

56 EULOGIES.
greatest legacy which a mortal could bequeath you, in
the contemplation of his example. Whilst we solem
nize this act, his disembodied spirit, if it be permitted
to retrace the scenes of its terrestrial existence, will
smile with approbation on the instructive rite.
Your anniversaries have long honored the eleventh
of February, one thousand seven hundred and thirty-
two, as the birth day of our illustrious chief, and the
parish of his own name in Westmoreland county, in
Virginia, boasts itself the place of his nativity. But
to souls like his, local restrictions are not attached.
Where liberty was, there would be his country: happy
for us, the genius of liberty, responsive to his affec
tions, resolved that where Washington was, there also
should be her abode.
Educated by private instruction, his virtue grew
with his knowledge, and the useful branches of litera
ture, occupied the whole powers of his mind. Exem
plary for solidity of thought, and chastity of morals,
he was honoured by the government of Virginia, with
an important mission, at an age when the levities of
the human character seldom yield to the earliest oper
ation of reason.
At the opening of the great war of encroachments
upon our western frontiers, he was the bearer of the
remonstrance to the French. Such was the address,
fidelity and perseverance, with which he executed this
important trust, that he was honoured at twenty-two
years of age, with the command of a regiment raised

EULOGIES. 57
by his. province. - His military talents were soon called
to the test. At Redstone, victory perched upon his
standard ; but with that volatility by which she tries
the powers of her favourite heroes, she in a. few
months afterwards left him, by his own exertions, to
save the honours of war for his little band, in an
unequal, but well-supported battle. In Braddock' s
slaughtered army, he was a witness to scenes of hor
ror, which his caution, had it been adopted, would
have prevented, andwhich his steady courage assisted
much to retrieve. During the remainder of this war,
he was employed in fortifying his native province, in
arranging and perfecting its militia, and in checking
the incursions of the enemy, until the crisis of the
contest had passed in this country, when he resigned
his command.
Retirement to him was only a different mode of
action, and his repose partook not of indolence.
Amidst the honourable pursuits of agriculture, he
discharged various civil offices, until we find him
rising amongst the patriots of our country, as a dele
gate from Virginia, in the first American congress.
We shall ever remember the fifteenth day of June,
one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five, when
Providence directed to his appointment as the com
mander-in-chief of our revolutionary army. In this
neighbourhood he first drew his sword. Many of you,
my fellow townsmen, were then languishing under the
fetters of tyranny, or were imprisoned within the joy-

58 EULOGIES.
less confines of your own habitations. Your hope
was fixed on him. His command, independent of the
resources of his own mind, afforded no ground for the
support of your feelings. He had an army brave
indeed, but with little discipline ; naked, at the
approach of winter;' and almost subject to dissolution
from temporary enlistments; a paymaster without.
money : a commissary struggling on the utmost
stretch of credit. A veteran army lay under his eye, .
strongly fortified, regularly paid, warmly clothed, and ,
boasting its superiority to militiai. Yet did his victo
rious sword relieve you, and save your city. Justly
have you ascribed "your reinstatement to his wise
arrangements, which compelled your invaders to adopt
a less destructive policy than that which on other
occasions they so wantonly practised." Could our
gratitude forget it, the heights around us bear the
triumphant evidence of his conquest.
To trace this protector of our liberties through his
unrivalled career, from his gloomy retreat through the
Jersies to his several victories and his splendid
triumph at Yorktown, would be to narrate the vary
ing history of our revolution. To him, public labour
was amusement, suffering in the cause of freedom was
a luxury, and every hour as it flew carried an offering
to his country,
As obedience to the voice of his oppressed fellow
citizens drew his sword on the approach of -war, so at
the declaration of peace, by the same respected voice

EULOGIES. 59
he restored it to iis scabbard. He left them his bless
ing and their liberties. 0 human nature, how hast
thou been traduced ! With thee, has it been said, is
essentially connected that lust of power which is "insa
tiable ; which restores not voluntarily what has been
committed to its charge ; which devours all rights, and
resolves all laws into its own authority; which labours
not for others, but seizes the fruits of their labours for
itself; which breaks down all barriers of religion,
society and nature that obstruct its course ; now art
thou vindicated ! Here we behold thee allied to virtue,
worn in the service of mankind, superior to the mean
ness of compensation, humbly hoping for the thanks
of thy country alone, faithfully surrendering the
sword, with which thou wast entrusted, and yielding
up power with a promptness and facility equalled
only 'by the diffidence' and reluctance with which thou
receivedst it.
Now, will the future inquirer say, this hero has fin
ished the task assigned him, the measure of his. glory
is full. A world is admitted to freedom, a nation is
born. Favoured beyond the leader of Israel, not
only with the prospect, but with the fruition of the
promised blessing, he has retired, like that prince of
meekness, to the Mount, whence he is to ascend,
unseen by a weeping people, to the reward of all his
labours. No, he is to live another, life upon this
globe; he is to reap a double harvest in the field of
perennial honour. The people whom he has saved
9

60 EULOGIES.
from external tyranny, suffer from the agitations of
their own unsettled powers. The tree of liberty
which he has planted, and so carefully guarded from
the storms, now flourishes beyond its strength, its
lofty excrescences threaten to tear its less extended-
roots from the earth, and to prostrate it fruitless on
the plain. But, he comes ! In convention he presides
over counsels, as in war he had led the battle. The
constitution, like the rainbow after the flood, appears
to us, now just emerging from an overwhelming com
motion ; and we know the truth of the pledge from
the sanction of his name.
The production was worthy of its authors, and of
the magnanimous people whom it was intended to
establish. You adopt it, you cherish it, and you
resolve to transmit it, with the name of Washington,
to the latest generation,- who 'shall prove their just
claim to such an illustrious descent.
Who was so worthy, as our great legislator, to
direct the operations of a government which his
counsels and his sword had laboured to erect ? -By a
unanimous suffrage he was. invited to the exalted sta
tion of president of the United States. The call was
too sacred to admit of doubt : it superseded the hap
piness of retirement, the demands of private interest,
the sweet attractions of. domestic society, arid the
hazard (forgive it, Washington ! for thou wast mor
tal) the hazard of public reputation. Behold the
man on this occasion so mighty in the eye of all the

EULOGIES. 61
world, so humble in his own ! He accepts the high
appointment, with such distrust of his natural endow
ments, with such diffidence in hiss capacity, as can be
relieved only by his reliance on that almighty Being,
" who rules over the universe, who presides in the
councils qf nations, and whose providential aids can
supply every human defect."
One of the earliest acts of his administration was
th^t circular visit to transfuse his love, and receive
the grateful benedictions of his loving countrymen, in
which you, my fellow townsmen, partook so liberal a
share. What sensations rushed upon your minds,
when you compared the dreadful aspect of your
besieged city, with its now smiling condition. The
well-cultivated fields were screening from view the
terrific ramparts ofthe enemy, and the groans of the
distressed had yielded to the busy noise of commerce
and pleasure. How grateful now is the recollection,
that with tears of joy you crowded to meet him in
your streets, displaying the very insignia which you
this day bear in mournful procession ; and your chil
dren bowing their heads with eager solicitude to
attract his fatherly eye, received his pious blessing.
Did the occasion admit of it, how pleasing would
be the review of his administration, as our supreme
executive magistrate ! His talents and his virtues
increased with his cares. His soul seemed not to
bear the limits of office, a moment after the obliga
tions of duty and patriotism withdrew their restraints

62 EULOGIES.
from his universal love. When the misguided sav
ages of the wilderness, after feeling his chastisement,
had sued for peace, he seemed to labour for their
happiness as the common representative of mankind. •
Insurrection was so struck at his countenance, that it
fled from the shock of his arms. Intrigue attempted
to entangle him in her poisonous web, but he burst it
with gigantic strength, and crushed her labours.
Anarchy looked out from her cavern, and was dashed
into oblivion, as we trust forever. The nations of
Europe saw the wisdom of our laws, the vigour of our
measures, the justice of our policy, the firmness of
our government, and acquiesced in the neutrality of
our station.
The dangers of the commonwealth having subsided
at the close of his second administration, he felt
himself justified, after dedicating forty-five years of
his valuable life to her service, in withdrawing to
receive with resignation the great change of nature,
which his age and his toils demonstrated to be near.
When he declined your future suffrages, he left you a
legacy. What ! like Csesar's to the Romans, money
for your sports ? Like Attalus's, a kingdom for your
tyranny? no; he left you not such baubles, nor for
such purposes. He left you the records of wisdom
for your government: a mirror for the faithful repre
sentation to your own view, of v ourselves, your
weaknesses, your advantages, your dangers : a mag
net which points to the secret mines and windings

EULOGIES. 63
of party spirit, faction, foreign influence; a pillar
to the unity of your republic ; a band to inclose,
conciliate, and strengthen the whole of your wond
erful and almost boundless communities. Read,
preserve the sacred deposit; and lest posterity should
forget the truth of its maxims, engrave them on his
tomb, that they may read them when they weep
before it.
In his second resignation of power and the charms
of office, the American leader appears superior to
ancient or modern examples. Yet another grade was
assigned to his virtue. Our national rights, so well
defended at home, were invaded on the ocean. The
alarm reaches his retreat ; the honor of our republic
warms his heart ; and he again accepts the sword for
its defence from the hand of another, placed by the
voice of the people in that supreme magistracy,
which he alone had heretofore filled. With a less
dignified soul, this official inferiority might have
availed to injure his country ; but he who could
descend from the head of a nation to discharge the
minutest duties of a private citizen, was too great to
allow the influence of etiquette to endanger the safety
of the people. His condescension raises him above
himself; his spirit fixes all ranks of men; he is over
whelmed with the gratitude and applause of an enrap
tured nation.
Whilst we confide in his arm, and are marshalling
our warriors to march tinder his banners, the God of

64 EULOGIES.
armies, whose counsels are beyond the scrutiny of
man, prepares for us the test of our submission to
his chastising rod. It is decreed that our Washing
ton shall die, but that his death shall be worthy of
his life. He is to die by the hand of virtue. The
rapid decease which is selected as the instrument
of his dissolution, instantaneously seizes him. His
humanity delays the immediate aid to which alone
it may yield. Inconsolable domestics ! what storms
would you not have braved, what hazards would
you not have encountered, to save that life which
was sacrificed to your comfort and safety ! At length
science flies to save him. Alas ! what avails its
-skill against the mandate of heaven ? It comes too
late ! It is finished.
Wonderful event ! Greatness departs in glory, and
envy is silent ! All acknowledge him to be the first of
. citizens, and -none feel hurt by his superiority. So
impartial was he that none impeach his justice; so
moderate, none complain of his power; so magnani
mous, his conquered enemies applaud his humanity :
so philanthropic, that neither colour, nor climate, nor
religion, nor politics could exclude the unfortunate
from his succor. He had the habit of combining sen
timent with action in such method and force, that he
shed his benevolence on communities of men with
the same ease as the sudden impulse of momentary
sensibility bestows it upon individuals. Unexampled
virtue ! allotted to its merited reward. Many found-

EULOGIES. 65
ers of nation have been left to obtain from posterity
that reputation which prejudice or bigotry has denied
at their deaths. The tomb has been necessary to bury
anger, petty interests and emulation, which barred an
equitable judgment. But in regard to this sage, the
gratitude of his country has been coexistent with his
exertions. Time has not been required to remove
him from our view, in order to magnify his exploits
through the medium of fame ; nor was it requisite
that we should be deprived of 'the good he had done
us, to entertain a just sense of its importance. Med
als and statues have been decreed him when living,
and your tears announce his greater triumph in your
hearts, when dead. Disinterested love ! What motives
have you, freemen, for thus offering up your applause ?
He has now no shield to defend you from the inva
sions of your enemies ; his head lies cold in the grave,
and no counsel can arise from his lips. His eyes were
closed by his own unshaken hand, and no smile can
now beam from his countenance to animate your
troops. Grateful republicans !' indeed you weep not
from selfishness. Afflicted with the thought of the
blessings which he has showered upon yourselves and
your children, you would call him, could your voice
be heard, from the closed mansions of the dead, again
to receive the tribute of your affection. You weep
for her, whose tender participation in the anxieties of
a husband relieved his cares, and protracted the inval
uable life which love itself could no longer detain.'

66 EULOGIES.
Disconsolate woman ! mourn not, for the faithful is
gone to receive the reward of his uprightness. The
whole desire of his heart, the whole pursuit of his
labours has been the good of his fellow-men. Con
trast him with those who have been raised by the
empty, the criminal admiration of mankind, to the
highest ranks in the pantheon of fame. See one
instead as liberating and protecting, employed in
conquering and enslaving a world, and- weeping that
his guilty task could be continued no longer. Another
retiring from the purple, not with the united blessings
of all religious sects, but the bigoted persecutor of the
only rational and divine religion ; See the master of
so many crowns, after yielding them up for a convent,
instead of interesting himself in the welfare of man
kind to the hour of his departure, relapsing into the
absurdities of monkish superstition ; and another,
whose ashes are scarcely-cold, slaughtering the armies
of half the nations of Europe, to extend the limits of
an electorate, with as much zeal as our departed hero
laboured to extend the limits of freedom, civilization
and .morals. When so much worth steps off from the
stage of life, the weakness of our nature is the only
apology for our tears. Such an exit is not death, it is
the triumph of the just.
• Sons of freedom ! as you regard. the memory of
your ascended chief, attend to the injunctions of his
will. Remember that it was not for you alone he
' laboured. It was for your posterity also ; it was for

EULOGIES. 67
the human race. For you and for them he was first
in building the noblest political system that adorns
the world. It is an experiment to ascertain the nature
of man; whether he be. capable of freedom, or
whether he must be led by the reins of tyranny ;
whether he be endowed with that moderation and
understanding which checks the extreme indulgence
of his will; and by allowing to others the same' ration
al enjoyment "with himself forms the liberty ofthe
whole upon the partial restraint of each individual ;
or whether he must go on attempting to follow the
dictates of selfishness, and find his only restraint in a
power which will establish itself independent of his
consent, and make him its slave. Who of us can be
supposed to be so lost to- himself, so forgetful of his
children, and so traitorous to the world, as to contemp
late the overthrow of this magnificent temple of wis
dom ? No my fellow townsmen, whatever zeal may
suddenly suggest, or apprehensions tempt us to sus
pect, there lives not a man among us, so depraved, so
cursed by Heaven. Shall it be said, that the wrorks
of his hands whom we this day aliriost -adore ; that
the hope which he held out to the nations of the
earth, shall be frustrated by our divisions ? To the
honour of our country, not a man but answers, No :
all, when jightly informed, waive their particular pre
judices in support of the great pillar of our national
union. It is our pride ; it was erected by our fathers ;
it is the standard of our defence. Let us then, with
10

68 EULOGIES.
a view of forever maintaining it, banish all animosity,
melt down all parties, wipe away all distinctions. Let
us no longer designate men who have differed in sen
timent, by odious epithets mutually reflected and
mutually disavowed : but if a common name be
wanted, let it be formed from his whom we now
seek to. honour, and let it be used to denote good
will to one another, respect to our Constitution,
fortitude to our enemies, love to our country, devo.-
tion to our God.
In the condolence of this day, wTe cannot fail to
notice the honour which we feel by the presence of
the fathers of the state. It was not unbecoming the
dignity of office, on such an occasion, to suspend its
occupations, and join the general sorrow. To devote
this portion of time to his memory who devoted a
long life to our happiness, is rational and just.
Within the present political year, you, honourable
magistrates and legislators, in this place solemnized
tha obsequies of the late excellent governor of our
commonwealth, the much respected Sumner. Thus
pass away the wise, the virtuous and the faithful ; by
an irrevocable decree, less unwelcome to them, as it
respects themselves, than grievous to us. Their lives
are long enough for their dwn glory, but, alas ! still
too necessary to their country's welfare. The exper
ience, the learning, the genius, the various coinci
dence of circumstances, which are necessary to form
that effulgence of character, by which they enlighten,

EULOGIES. 69
polish and direct society, fall to the lot of few. When
such lamps are extinguished, we are happy if our
darkness be transient. But in your wisdom the peo
ple of our commonwealth safely confide ; nor as mem
bers of our united country, do they mourn like those
who are without hope ; for although in the present
gloom of our political hemisphere, their late ruling
planet has travelled to the morning of another clime,
yet its kindred luminary rises on the horizon, brilliant,
steady, and propitious to direct their course. They
lament that their beloved Washington sleeps in
death ; their consolation is, that his faithful brother,
the vigilant Adams, survives.
An Oration on the Death of General Washington, pro
nounced before the Citizens of Albany, on Thursday,
January 9, 1800, by William P. Beers.1
Fellow Citizens : Impressed with the solemnity of
the scene in which I am appointed to appear, borne
down with the pressure of this duty, and with the
weight of my personal grief, with trembling steps, but
1 William Pitt Beers, a native of Stratford, Conn., graduated at
Yale College in 1785. He studied law with the Hon. Tappan Reeve,
and settled as a lawyer in Albany, his residence being what is now
No. 15 State street. He was appointed Attorney for the Northern
District of New York, February 24, 1801, and Clerk of Albany
County, February 8, 1810. He died at Fairfield, Conn., at the resi
dence of his father-in-law, after a painful illness of several months,
on the 13th of September, 1810, leaving a widow and four sons. A
son of his name graduated at Union College in 1812.
A cotemporary magazine remarks concerning Beers's oration :
" This oration will not suffer by a comparison with any of the

70 EULOGIES.
with a heart filled with emotion, I meet you in this
sacred place to mingle my tears with yours, to exchange
the tokens- of our mutual sympathy, and to utter, in
the view of this sad assembly, in the heart of this holy
temple, in the very presence of a just and merciful
God, the demonstrations of public national sorrow.
We assemble not, my friends, to celebrate the gain
ing of a victory, or to lament the loss of a battle ; to
commemorate a conquest, or to deplore a disastrous
campaign; we do not convene to consecrate the ashes
of some ambitious hero, or to erect a monument to
some magnificent despot. The solemn sounds which
guided our funeral procession and still strikes our ears,
the sable veil that shrouds this sacred seat, the mel
ancholy symbols which stand before me, the gloom
diffused over the countenance of this assembly, the
spontaneous effusion of sorrow that bursts forth in
every part of this great country, from its heart to its
extremities, declares in mournful accents, thatour illus
trious Friend, our Protector, our Father, our Wash
ington is gone.
To us, the opening of the year, the season of fes
tivity and joy, becomes a day of melancholy remem
brance and anxious apprehension. For on this day we

publications which the same occasion has called forth. Its charac
teristics are ease, simplicity and correctness. We do not remark any
effort to reach a new and lofty strain of oratory. Mr. B. speaks hke
one possessed of sensibilityand taste, and who wished to sympathize
with the real grief of his hearers, rather than to attempt to awaken
sensations unfelt before." — if. T. Mag. ii, 325.

-EULOGIES. 71
are called to review the long train of virtuous exploits,
of patriotic services andmighty benefactions performed
and bestowed by one great man, and which now stand
recorded and illustrated, not in the mere history of
his civil and military -career, but in the glories of a
people emancipated and independent, of a nation
formed and consolidated, and in the blessings of a
country growing in its strength and ripening in its
fame : for on this day we are summoned to consider
that this splendid series of services and exploits is sud
denly cut off — in the grave : that this mass of talents
and virtues can now avail no more to protect us from
danger, to provide, to counsel, to guide us in all emer
gencies, and to solace us in adversity, with, the pledge
of his mighty arm, of hispregnaut mind and his magic
influence : for from this period we look forward to the
dubious contingencies of future times with lively fears,
, with minds anxious and unstayed.
To celebrate heroic virtue, to commemorate deeds
of high desert, and to honor with solemn ceremonies,
the names and the lives of great national benefactors,
has ever been deemed one of the first duties, as it has
been the supreme delight of nations. If these honors
were due to the heroes, the legislators and sages of
ancient -times, we, a happy nation, we, a grateful
people, shall not withhold them from him in whom we
have found united, and for us united, the sage, the
legislator and the hero.
When least my eyes around this assembly, I see,

72 EULOGIES.
on every side, the personal witnesses of the illustrious
deeds, and the sharers in the toils and perils of our
departed friend. In all this mournful congregation I
perceive not one who has not been benefited by his
labors, his sacrifices and his patriotic virtues ; I see
his brethren in arms, his coadjutors in council, and the
pupils of his military skill, you, to whom his image
is ever present, and you, to whose hearts the name of
Washington is familiar and dear, will accompany my
mournful steps and respond to the voice of his praise.
To collect and to spread before mankind the memo
rials of the achievements and the details of the services
of Washington, to travel through his long eventful
life, and to develop its minutest incidents and circum
stances, in order to multiply the proofs of his transcend
ent worth, and to instruct posterity in the wonderful
constitution of his character, is the task of the faith
ful historian. To you who have attended him or
nearly viewed him, in the whole of his course, or in
the most important stages of his progress, each act,
each incident, is familiar. You will require from the
occasional speaker but a general and rapid notice of
those great events and seras of his life, which form its
strong and deep impression, and on which you par
ticularly delight to dwell.
To form a full view, and to embrace the whole
body of our Hero's character, it is not permitted us to
rest at that important sera, when, called by the voice
of his country he assumed the command of a patriot

EULOGIES. 73
army and the conduct of a glorious revolution', and
thence to trace his shining path, thro' the gloom and
the horrors of the succeeding war. Great as was this
momentous crisis, and affecting as was this august
scene, yet this was not the commencement, this was
not the infancy of the glory of Washington. For at
this solemn moment, which- was to determine the
destiny of an empire, struggling into birth, to him
every eye was turned, to him every voice was raised.
At this critical moment, the true features of his
mind, the real nature and peculiar importance of his
talents, were not unknown. Our patriots and sages
of that early day had learned to trace the progress of
his reputation, thro' various military scenes, back to an
early youth, distinguished by symptoms of genius, by
peculiar activity and spirit, by singular skill and
adroitness in every exercise, and by a strength of
judgment far above his years. Even in the humble
seminary, in which he received the first rudiments
of science, he stood distinguished from his fellows,
received from them a yielding respect, and titles which
riiarked his superiority. Born to command, and des
tined to serve his country, he obtained early promo
tion, and soon found an opportunity to signalize his
intrepidity and skill, by rescuing in the wilds of Ohio,
an ambushed and defeated army. Even there, the
stamp of heroism was impressed upon his name, and
by one gallant manoeuvre, he offered to his country
the pledge of his future usefulness and fame.

74 EULOGIES.
But in the early life of Washington, we are to look
only for presages of his future greatness : It is in the
event of a great national movement, it is in the com
mencement and progress of a great and terrible con
flict, that we discover the rich resources of his mind,
and the wonderful scope of his abilities. In that
memorable congress of the American colonies which
first organized resistance against oppression ; when a
whole people stood up to assert their rights, and to
prepare 'for invasion, he appeared among them preemi
nent ; and with a heart as strong, and a mind as well
assured, as his demeanor was modest, received from
the hands of his anxious country, the title, the station,
the command, in which the success of a great cause,
and the safety and fortune of a whole people were
involved. From this moment, you saw him prepared
for all emergencies, ripe in the whole system of his
measures, and unfolding new resources of genius and
fortitude, as new dangers pressed from abroad, and
new difficulties surrounded at home. In this untried
station, in this most hazardous of enterprises^ his
responsibility was immense ; for both rulers and peo-
ple, in this unexampled manner, referred to his saga
city, prudence and skill, the task of finding, of forming
and arranging, as well as executing and employing
the means of defence and the powers of war. He was
the soul of that admirable union between political
wisdom and military genius, which supported and led
to the march of the American ¦Revolution.

eulogies. 75
Yet large as was the authority conferred, and unlim
ited as was the confidence bestowed upon General
Washington by this government and people, the
obstacles which opposed him in the outset, and accu
mulated in the progress of the war, were innumerable.
The means of surmounting them were not to be sup
plied by confidence, nor called into action by authority.
Without arms or implements of war, without maga
zines or money, without regular forces, with men
unused to obedience and military discipline, and with
a people unaccustomed to taxation, he was to collect
and arrange the disjointed and scattered energies of
the country, to unite rude materials by his plastic skill,
and to supply the want of ready resource by invention
— by creation.
If you attend him from his seat in the hall of Con
gress to the camp of Cambridge, to the defence of
New York, to the heights of Harlem, and to. White
Plains, you see him everywhere inspiring, confidence,
remedying disorder, reanimating dispirited troops,
recruiting in the face of a superior enemy his wasted
and enfeebled army, seizing every moment of active
impression, and annoying and impeding his adversary
by sudden and well concerted attacks, conducting slow
and hostile retreats from a victorious foe,and covering
these retreats by every cautious disposition. In all
this you discover the proof of his profound prudence
and unequaled resources of mind. If, again, you pur
sue this great man through the most gloomy period of
11

76 eulogies.
the revolution, in the campaigns, the skillful marches,
the surprises, the battles of New Jersey and Pennsyl
vania; if you follow his rapid march to the environs
of York and Gloucester, to crown the -labors of the
war by the capture of an army flushed with success,
and whose victories had already dismembered our ter
ritory ; you are struck with his penetration, his com
prehensive foresight, his unwearied perseverance and
his matchless fortitude. Forming extensive views,
and yet ever ready to seize a favorable and critical
moment, and to improve an unexpected incident,
inured to disaster and yet never losing his equanimity
and firmness, he was prepared for all events, and the
memorable surprise of Trenton shows us that, under
the management of a great mind, adversity itself is
made subservient to* a plan, and opens the road to for
tune. Fellow Citizens ! The military history of Washing
ton exhibits an entire, picture, an harmonious whole.
To estimate it aright, it is necessary to consider the
nature of the end and of the means, the relation,
and correspondence of its parts, and the disposition of
its light and shade.. He was formed for his country,
and singularly .suited to the occasion which called forth
his virtues. In a parallel between him and other great
commanders, we should be directed not by single, but
by complex views. Oh ! where and what might we
now have been, if, instead of a Washington, we had
been led on by a Themistocles, a Caesar, or a Frede-

EULOGIES. 77
rick ! and what might have been our fate if Wash
ington had been ambitious, if he had loved war, if
with him, success and glory had proved a handmaid
to power !
Yet Washington havingperformed his mighty work,
and filled up the measure of his fame, repaid the con
fidences of his country by resigning into her custody
the ensigns of his authority, and to her guardianship
the vast burthen of laurels which weighed him down.
Have you lost sight of that transporting sera, when
he laid his sword and his shield at your feet ? Do not
his patriotic sentiments, his profound maxims, his
affectionate admonitions, uttered in that hour of
extacy, still sound in your ears and thrill in your hearts ?
But, citizens ! though retired, it was not for such a
man to remain in the retirement which he loved more
than all things except his country. America, enfeebled
by her struggles and relaxing her energies, the ties of
her union in the bosom of peace, began to totter under
the weight of her independence. A new charter
formed and established by ourselves, became neces-
rary to assure this union, to uphold this independence,
and to restore this strength. And Washington again
appeared to aid, to patronize and preside over this
great work.
The attention of this assembly is now drawn to an
sera in the affairs of our country and in the life of her
favorite son, which fills us with inexpressible emotion.
A great national reform following' a great national

78 eulogies.
revolution ! A system of government, the natural
work of ages of toil and blood, but here the result of
tranquil discussion, created, adopted and carried into
effect in a day and in profound peace ! and to insure
an auspicious operation, the venerable Washington,
already beginning to feel the decline of years, but still
cherished in the hearts of his countrymen, called by
the voice of millions to encounter new struggles, to
bring once more the rich stores of his experience and
skill to the assistance of the State, and to embark his
fortune and fame on this new. element.
Citizens! it is not the military chief, the champion'
of his country's battles, who was summoned to this
high station. It was the citizen, the sage, who by long
concourse with nature and with man, by long habits
of observation and research, and by long practice in
command, was happily calculated " to rule the wilder
ness of freeborn minds," to temper the raging passions,
and to hold in equipoise the nice balance of public
and party interests. With what purity, with what
fidelity and ability, he discharged the duties of his
high office, the whole tenor of his administration tes
tifies. You all feel and know that your welfare, dig
nity and peace were incessantly the objects of his
paternal care. You all can bear witness that at a
period ihe most critical, and in a state of. things the
most hazardous and perplexing, he succeeded, with
admirable dexterity and address, to parry the assaults
and defeat the machinations of foreign hostility, to

EULOGIES. 79
stifle the voice of insurrection, to hush the cry of
clamor, and to refute and put down the pretensions of
illegitimate ambition. Tho' pliant as -the -osier to the
impressions of justice and true policy, and accessible
as humanity herself to the approaches of virtuous
influence, you well remember with what dignity he ever
reproved the errors of the people ; with what firmness
on a late and great occasion, he withstood the claims
of a popular branch of the government, and asserted,
not for himself, but for his country, the constitutional
rights of his department. And now, fellow-citizens,
having succeeded in perfecting the establishment of
the government, having filled up the vacant and modi
fied the subordinate parts of the system, having dif
fused through the political machine the principle of
motion and, activity, and given to a great theory the
spirit of an animated body, we view this eminent citi
zen at a favorable moment, once more retiring from
his high elevation to the humble scenes of private life.
This retirement, like the former, was distinguished by
the tears of a whole people. In both we received the
most inestimable pledge that could be left us, the leg
acy of his wisdom, his advice, his solemn warning in
those memorable addresses which comprising in a page
more than an Aristotle or Plato had written,- or a
Pythagoras or Socrates had said, are worn in anation's
bosom as a charm against every evil destiny.
Menaced once more by the aspect of foreign hos
tility, America was compelled again to resort to

80 EULOGIES.
military preparations. To reanimate ancient confi
dence, to lend his name to our cause, and his skill to
arrange and direct the public force, bur Washington
was by his importunate country, again summoned to
the camp, and reinvested with the ensigns of command,
submissive to her will, he came, my fellow citizens, —
to die in your defence.
If any things now remains, among the great and
leading virtues of this exalted man, which I have
failed to notice, I would attempt it here, the most
just and satisfactory view of his great mind is gained,
by considering the composition and contexture rather
than the single aspect of his qualities : and by -regard
ing the whole in relation fo the public interest- and
the affairs of his country. In him qualities of a differ
ent class were most happily combined. In him, modera
tion was always supported by firmness, and a natural
ardency of mind forever chastened' by discretion.
Quick to discern, and yet patient to hear : forming
his best judgments from his own views, and yet ever
inviting the opinions of others, and courting contribu
tions of knowledge from all around him neglected no
internal or foreign resource, to perfect his plan. In
this fine and noble compound, his virtues, well assorted
and well adjusted, derived their highest lustre from
mutual reflection. But if in the whole composition
of his character, any feature stands eminently dis
tinguished, it is that consummate prudence, the
essence and result of other virtues, which entered

EULOGIES. 81
into all his measures, and guarded their execution ;
It is that matchless dignity of mind, which never for
sook him, in public or private life, in all afairs
momentous or familliar.
Yet through the public virtues of our Washington,
those qualities which were suited to the service of his
country, and to those great scenes in which he was
engaged, naturally claim peculiar respect; never, while
the esteem of private worth and moral excellence
shall have a place in the human heart, never shall we
forget or disregard the private virtues which adorned
his life and manners. We can never forget or fail to
honor and applaud his disinterestedness, his modera
tion and equanimity, his temperance and tranquility of
spirit, his hospitality, his charity, and to crown and
consecrate this bright assemblage, his uniform, sincere
and fervent piety.
But neither virtue, nor talents, nor the prayers of
his country, could perpetuate him here. He had
travelled" through a long, a laborious and an illustrsous
course : he approached the ordinary limit of the life
of man : he had paid every debt to his country and to
mankind ; But he owed a great debt to nature : he
has paid it. * * * * in the tomb. And oh ! while
the sacred image of his virtues is engraven on our
hearts, may his noble example sink deep into our
minds, and remain our engaging lesson, a permanent
model to us and to our sons.
Ye aged ! cherish the fame of Washington : for his

82 EULOGIES.
virtue and wisdom, have given you pleasant years, and
made the evening of your days serene. Ye young
men ! revere the ashes of our departed Hero ! for
his valor hath secured you the inheritance of your
fathers, and smoothed the path of your ambition. Ye
fair! give him the tribute of your tears ! for his sword
was the guardian genius of your honor, safety and
peace. And if in the long lapse of future time, the
liberty which he won, and the institutions which he
sanctioned, should become impaired, corrupted or lost,
Oh ! may his story reanimate, may his name restore
us !

Eulogy delivered at Marblehead, Massachusetts, February
22, 1800, by Joseph Story, A. B.1
Friends and Fellow-citizens: We are assembled on
this occasion to pay a last tribute to departed merit.
We are assembled to hallow the remembrance of the
father of his country. His deeds are immortal, they
require not the temporary expedient of public acknpw-
ledgment, nor the transient enumeration of pulpit
eloquence, to perpetuate their unrivalled glory. They

"¦Mr. Story was at this time twenty-one years of age, and had
but recently graduated at Harvard. The style is more florid than in
after life, and the arrangement less methodical and elegant than that
which characterized the future writings of the Chief Justice, and the
illustrious commentator upon the constitution of the United States.
The eulogy was printed with an elegy of one hundred and forty
lines, by the same author, which is here omitted, as having no
especial interest in this connection.

EULOGIES. 83
live in the heart of his country ; and his country lives
but to celebrate them. It is the benefit of ourselves,
of our children and of mankind, that sanctions this
venerable meeting. We would enkindle in the hearts
of our youth the spirit of freedom the firmness of
conduct the activity of intellect, and the integrity of
patriotism that spoke, that blazoned, that convinced,
in the character of Washington. Posterity will
demand it as an altar of an affection, and the world
as a demonstration of our gratitude, to his memory.
By announcing the achievements of the great, we
awaken the fervor of emulation, by fostering the
remembrance of the good, we excite imitation of
their worthiness, by displaying the progress of genius,
the powers of regulated industry, and the "extent of
liberal erudition, we ensure the value, and we create
the perpetuity, of improvement.
It was by such means Greece animated to the toils
of political discipline, and reared an hereditary heroism.
It was by such means Rome tore the vitals of selfish
ness from man, and. founded her empire on the basis
of public generosity. Opinion rules more than law.
To die in her defence bespoke the heartfelt eulogy ;
to conquer in her cause ensured the oaken garland.
While the capitol rung with the warrior's applause,
his deeds were already enrolled in the temple of vic
tory. With such incitements, who could not be a
hero, when the prayers, the blessings of millions encir-
12

84 EULOGIES.
cled the steps of the victor, and the grateful tears of
a nation embalmed the dead ?
Far different were his prospects, when America
called her Washington from the shades of Vernon.
Born to opulence he had enjoyed the honors, as well
as the luxuries of life. Beloved, respected, and
admired, his imagination could hardly hope, and his
ambition could hardly wish, the attainment of more
dangerous splendor; bred in the nursery of arms, he
had rescued the honor as well as extended the limits
of his country. He had .known the miseries of the
camp, the horrors of famine, and the desolation of
defeat. He had attained eminence in the field, and
like his immortal predecessor, Turenne, owed his ele
vation less to family influence, than military ascend
ancy, successively raised to gradatory commands, his
fame for moderation and ability were established by
the defeat of Braddock. On the peace of '63 he had
retired to the tranquility of domestic union, because he
knew the instability" of human greatness, and the
inconstancy of public favor. Such was his situation,
when he boldly accepted the command of your
armies, and by that heroic action sanctioned his charac
ter. To one who had nothing to lose, no endeared
connexions, no hereditary reputation, no distinguished
opulence, no unsullied honors, the sacrifice had been
small. But by this action all was at stake, life, for
tune, friends, reputation ; whether to be branded as a
1 detested rebel, or hailed, as a political saviour. The

EULOGIES. 85
event in the eye of wisdom, as well as the anticipa
tion of patriotism, was dubious, perplexed, and frown
ing. A colony almost without resources to emanci
pate herself from oppression at a time, when Britain,
victorious and unrivalled, awed the united forces of
Europe, a colony, unaided, unarmed, and undisci
plined, without the encouragement of foreign aid, or
the strength of internal coalition, to dare assert
her independence, was a paradox in the policy of the
world, which confounded' the statesman and paralyzed
the hero, surely with such a prospect judgment might
have paused, integrity wavered, and even enthusiasm
hesitated. But Washington knew no doubts ; his
life was his country ; her liberty, his object. 'He
severed the gordian knot he could not untie, and
boldly claimed its prophetic empire. In his view, to
pause was infamy; to waver, revolt; to hesitate,
death. With the celerity of Csesar, he saw, felt, and
determined ; with the prudence of Fabius, he consul
ted, analyzed and planned, with the firmness of Fred-
i
eric, he seized, formed, and executed.
Such was the opening of a career of greatness, that
was afterwards to concentrate the admiration of the
world, and raise America to the quality of empire.
Here let us pause my fellow citizens, and contemplate
the illustrious parallel of ancient and modern virtue,
Here was no idle contest for personal glory, no
haughty rivalry for political advancement, no treacher
ous artifice for ministerial superiority. The aggrandize-

86 EULOGIES.
ment of country by the blood, the treasure and the
happiness of millions, has too often been the basis of
lettered renown. The dispute of petty sovereignty, or
the flattered whims of regal folly, have covered
Europe for centuries with the slaughtered bones of
her citizens. Yet on these alone have the champions
of France, Germany and Britain rested the splendid
fabric of their immortality. No doubt they acted
well as citizens, as conquerors, and as statesmen; but
where are their boasted excellencies as men? was lib
erty, was right, the object of their exploits, the study
of their ambition ? We admire the tactical discern
ment of an Eugene and a Marlborough. We admire
the versatile sagacity of a Richelieu and a Colbert. -
We admire the impetuous eloquence of a Mirabeau
and a Burke. They fought for glory, and they shall
inherit it. But impartial truth must declare, that one
drop of blood, one sentiment of nature offered on the
altar of liberty and benevolence, deserves more laurels
than ever enwreathed the brow of a Scipio, or enriched
the temples of an Antonine. And these belong to
the magnanimity of Washington.
The Herculean labors were but begun. He had
not only the lion of war to oppose, the hydra of faction
to subdue, but the bolder project to perfect of connect
ing America by the Hyppolitean girdle of amity and
union. Mild, yet steady in command ; merciful, yet
resolute in resolve ; he personified the maxim of
antiquity, suaviter in mode, fortiter in- re — sweetness of

EULOGIES. 87
address, but inflexibility of purpose. He knew when
to relax the rigor of discipline, in order to win the
disorder of mutiny; and when to enforce obedience
by the severity of the bayonet. Attentive to the
smallest emotion, he sought rather to guide than gov
ern : rather to inspire than command. His was not
the policy that regulates activity by mechanical
impulse — in order to perfect the soldier, he exalted
the man. At one time like the sun in his beneficence,
he appeased the flaming pillar of his phalanx, cheer
ing the heart of languor, and reanimating the hopes
of despondency; at another, like the frowning temp
est, his thunders appalled the factions, and his light
nings annihilated the guilty.
This is less the language of panegyric than truth.
Who in this assembly knows not, that disorded finan
ces, divided councils, and disordered, half-starved
armies, but for his exertions, had left us nothing but
the barbarism of slavery ? Who knows not, that alter
nately he had to brave the hectic cataract of torrid
sunbeams, and the wilderness of trackless snows,
where every footstep was moulded in blood ? surely
the equanimity of retreating fortitude transcends the
perilous ardor of embattled audacity. Other heroes
have bled and conquered — Washington could shed
the tears of sympathy, when encircled in the arms of
' victory. No merciless stratagems, no sanguinary
rapacity, discolored the brilliance of his reputation.
The rights of humanity were his guardian deities,

88 EULOGIES.
Trenton, Monmouth, Princeton and York shall eter
nize his valor ; but the " still small voice of veteran
gratitude" shall light the incense of his canonization.
After eight years of struggling fatigues, the sun
that rose in blood set in peace! Like. the resurrection
angel, Washington rolled back the stone from the
sepulchre of reason, dissolved the cerements of slavery,
and led forth America to sovereignty and independ
ence. August was the scene.- Recoiling Britain
acknowledged the new queen of the Avest; and Europe
beheld with amazement this younger daughter of Jove
assume for the first time the peplum1 of the graces.
Henceforth we lose the hero in the sage. He, who
had worn the helmet- of defiance, now resigned the
sword for the ploughshare ; and the curius* reclined
on the bosom of Vernon, and again reciprocated the
blessings of domestic hospitality. Yet, though re
tired, his mind dwelt deeply in the future felicity of
his country. He gave a hearty concurrence with the
scheme of Union, and condensed its republican struc
ture. Ever active, his imagination explored the limits
of dominion, and planted a second - capitol on the
banks of Potomac. Here his spirit seemed, ever to
linger with complacent fondness — here, to spend the
tranquil hour; and, as if inspired with prophetic
euthusiasm, to recognize the destined grandeur of our
western world.

* The peplum was a variegated vail, worn by Minerva, when she
appeared as the protectress of the liberal acts.

EULOGIES. - 89
But his country again called him to new honors —
with unanimous ardor she raised him to her curule
chair ; and presented to mankind the first of heroes
exalted, as the first of freemen. With what dignity,
moderation and firmness he ruled thenar of state; let
the unbiassed voice of his country declare Her com
merce, which ere wdiile could hardly freight a Phoeni
cian bark, now floats from the Hudson to the Ganges.
Her agriculture and manufactures, sprung, like the
fabled Phoenix, from their own ashes, now rival the
plentitude of European marts. Her arts, self-taught,
like her own Franklin, have drawn the lightning from
heaven, untwisted the colors of day, and blazoned
with the pencil of truth her gallant achievements.
Too young for the luminous display of history, or the
elegant fascinations of literature, she can boast a diffu
sion of useful knowledge coextensive with her sun
beam. Ask you her age and patrons? America is
scarcely twenty; but her patron, her saviour, was
Washington !
There, was indeed in this patriot something that
all 'felt, but could not describe. A strength of under
standing, a keenness of perception, a loftiness of
thought, that convinced without argument, and sub
dued without effort. His language, like his carriage,
was impressive, elegant and manly. It had secured a
grace beyond the reach of rhetoric ; it had created an
illumination beyond the coloring of metaphor. His
integrity overruled persuasion ; and his majesty over-

90 EULOGIES.
awed sophistry. Corruption stood abashed in his
presence, and venality blushed into shame. The
administration caught the character of their leader,
and seconded the energies of his irresistible influence.
But the cares of state, though they did not- disor
ganize the powers of intellect, undermined the sta
bility of health, after having graced the civic crown,
he panted for the seclusion of declining life. Charles
renounced an empire, because he could not subdue it.
Amadeus deserted hereditary royalty, because he had
surfeited on its iniquities. Washington resigned the
fasces, because he beheld a people in prosperity, and
an Adams iu succession.
Here closed his political drama. Its opening was
venerable, its conclusion glorious. Let his last solemn
appeal to the feelings of his country impress your
hearts with the strength of marble, with the sanction
of divinity. Let that last farewell awaken every ten
der emotion. Its precepts are the revelations of truth,
and its doctrines the Catholicism of political grandeur.
Let the infant cherub suck its honey with his earliest
sustenance. Let the first word he lisps be Washing
ton. Four years had since elapsed in the requiem of
social enjoyment and philosophic study. The vigor of
manhood had been succeeded by the reflection of age ;
and the patriot, already ripe for the society of the
gods, reposed in the luxuriance of his laurels. But
Heaven saw otherwise. The mandate of death was

EULOGIES. 91
commissioned. The scene of action was closed. All
was shivering silence and dumb despair. December
as though frozen with the horrid prescience, slumbered
in lethargy. The fearful bell of midnight tolled —
it declared that Washington was no more ! No sign ¦
escaped the heroic sage. Resigned and cheerful he
sunk into the arms of heaven without one groan of
complaint, one murmur of discontent. Like the elo
quent Paul, his last prayer breathed for the Republic,
" esto perpetua" — may it be eternal.
Glorious transition ! Who would not envy such a
death, when the consummation of such a life ? Before
his obsequies the boasted pomp of nobility dwindles,
and the funeral trophies of royalty fade away. The
voice of his bleeding country has enshrined his spirit
among the blessed. The arms of melancholy frenzy
have consigned his corpse to the tomb of his ancestors.
Already the Atlantic rolls the shriek of anguish from
Altamaha to St. Croix.
Let no vulgar sorrow degrade the awful sublimity of
this event. The tear of sensibility may blister the
cheek of private friendship ; the tenderness of sym
pathy may burst from the eye of conjugal affection;
— but the silent energies of national grief melt not to
the level of expression. They flash from the eye of
gratitude with the mute eloquence " that passes
speech." Americans ! We have lost a father, but we have
enthroned a saint. By- imitating his unsullied virtues,
13

92 EULOGIES.
though dead, yet shall he live. Let us swear by the
shades of Mercer, Warren, Montgomery and Wash
ington, that the liberties purchased by their blood and
toils shall be eternal.
The spirit of our departed saviour shall no more
revisit the precincts of clay, but the records of his
glory repose in the Pantheon of fame. Though
empires dissolve in ruins, they still shall flourish in an
immortality of youth.
Yes, sainted shade, thy peerless worth shall spread,
Where'er its lustrous flight the comet sped ;
While future worlds, as freedom's reign prevails,
E'en where the sunbeam floats on polar gales,
Shall bid in storied gold thy columns rise,
Spell'd in the stars, and emblem'd in the skies ;
Through pathless time thy hallowed name convey,
And roll its echo to the ebb of day ;
Till fate's stern angel close his high behest,
And chaos slumber on the ocean's breast.

Funeral oration, occasioned by the death of General George
Washington ; and delivered in the Episcopal church,
at New Rochelle, in the state of Neio York. By Samuel
Bayard, Esq.1
Friends and fellow citizens,
Not to mourn with a mourning country, not to min-
¦gle our tears with those of the American people on
the present melancholy occasion, would argue a
reproachful want of social sympathy. And not in
1 Judge Bayard resided in Princeton, N. J., where he held several
years the office of county judge. He was a man of great integrity,
and was much respected and esteemed. He died May 15, 1840, aged
75 years.

EULOGIES. 93
some public manner to express the regrets we feel at
the irreparable loss our country has just sustained,
would be an impeachment of our sensibility as men,
and of our patriotism as citizens.
Through the channel of our public prints, we learn
that our country mourns the departure of her first
and favorite son. On this occasion "the mourners"
emphatically "go about the streets," and the traces
of "grief unfeigned" are beheld in the public coun
tenance. On the arms of every class of our fellow-
' citizens we see the emblems of that sorrow which
their bosoms feel. Our national council stand for
ward in the first rank of mourners : every public body
through the Union follows in the sad procession. Our
churches are clad in black. Their tolling bells in uni
son with the public sentiment, add solemnity to the
scene, and deepen the gloom that beclouds the public
mind. Our army — our navy — every political cir
cle — every religions denomination — how divided
soever in their sentiments on other topics, all unite in
deploring the loss of the most universally beloved and
respected character, which this, or any country on
earth ; which this, or any prior age has ever produced.
Yes, my friends, the sighs and tears of our afflicted
country, on every side proclaim, that Washington is
dead ! As if an angel from heaven had announced it,
the melancholy intelligence is every where heard with
sorrow and dismay. We ask ourselves if it be possi
ble, that one so eminent for talents, so ennobled by

94 EULOGIES.
his virtues, so rich in the esteem and affection of hit
country, is indeed no more. Alas ! the event is bui
too certain. Washington, the hero, the' sage, th(
friend of liberty, and the father of his country, is now
sleeping in his grave. Never more shall his majestic
form be seen at the head of our armies ; never more
shall his enlivening voice be heard in the hall of oui
national senate ; his wisdom and experience shall no
longer direct our councils, nor his presence again call
forth the enthusiastic admiration of his country.
Mute is that tongue, whose accents were never
heard but with attention and respect; and lifeless
that form which once attracted the gaze of thousands.
Low it lies beneath the "clods of the valley," never
to rise again, till the trump of the great arch-angel
shall wake it from the dead.
Yet, could talents the best employed, or virtues the
most sublime ; could the prayers of surrounding
friends, or the influence of medical skill; could the
wishes, or supplications of an affectionate and grate
ful country have suspended the immutable decree of
heaven, his life would have been immortal as his fame.
But no, his work was finished — his tour of earthly
duty closed — and that awful moment had arrived
when his manly frame must " return to the dust as it
was," and his enlightened " spirit to the God who
gave it."
The removal of such a character from a state of
trial, to a state of rest, is an event calculated to inspire

EULOGIES. 95
every reflecting mind with pious awe. It is calculated
to awaken those sentiments of esteem and veneration
which we have been accustomed to cherish for the
illustrious dead : and it calls upon every citizen who
honors merit; or who loves his country, to pay the
tribute of a tear, to the memory of the boast and orna
ment of the present age.
Yet what can we do, or what can we say, that can
add to tho lustre of his fame. As well might we by
the aid of a taper endeavor to add splendor to yonder
sun, as to increase his reputation by our praise. His
own actions, and his own sentiments, recited with that
simplicity whiclrcharacterized his style of writing and
of speaking, will ever constitute his highest eulogium.
Still, however his merits may transcend our praise,
we can express our admiration of his character, and
our gratitude for his services : and although we have
neither wealth nor power to raise a mausoleum to his
memory, we can embalm his virtues with our tears,
and raise a monument to his glory, in the affections of
our hearts.
So many are the splendid and good actions of his
life ; so numerous and impressive the maxims of
sound and liberal policy delivered to his country,
since she first assumed a place among the nations of
the world, that merely to recite them, would fill a vol
ume. Be this the historian's duty ; and be it ours at
present simply to point out a few of those estimable
traits of character, and of those eminent services

96 EULOGIES.
which have raised, our Washington's, above every
Grecian and Roman name: above every name that
stands on the records of modern history.
There are two characters in which he has appeared
most familiar to our minds ; as a hero, and a sage ; as
as our General in war, and our President in peace ; in
each of these characters, requiring qualifications so
different, let us for a moment contemplate this un
equalled man. In both we shall find him exhibiting
those high endowments of mind, and those excellent
qualities of heart, which have rendered him an honor
to his country, and a blessing to the world.
"In war" says an author1 (now second in point of
rank in the federal government), " in war we have
produced a Washington, whose memory will be
adored while liberty shall have votaries ; whose name
will triumph over time, amd will in future ages assume
its just station among the celebrated worthies of the
world, when that wretched philosophy shall be forgot
ten, that would arrange him among the degeneracies
of nature."
Although not educated a soldier ; although unskill- ,
ed in military tactics, and unpractised in the Euro
pean system of war ; we behold him at the voice of
his country, (expressed, by the unanimous vote of its
delegates in congress) assuming the chief command
of an army, raised in defence of the rights, and to
prevent the subjugation, of these states.
'Mr. Jefferson.

EULOGIES. 97
He undertook this important and hazardous charge,
not for the sake of personal emolument. With a
generosity as disinterested as it was unexampled, when
he first accepted the appointment, he expressly
declined receiving any compensation for his services.
From this resolution he never departed. Whatever
increase of fortune others may have derived from the
American revolution; whatever rewards other gener
als may have received from the gratitude of their
country, the Commander-in-chief declined, every com
pensation offered for his unparalleled services. He
wished for no reward, save the approving voice of his
own conscience and of his fellow citizens. Nor was
honor more than emolument his aim, in accepting this
appointment. What honor 'could he expect to derive
from commanding a body of undisciplined militia —
a hasty association of citizens ; who, whatever might-
be their enthusiasm for liberty, or their native bravery,
must prove unequal opponents to men who had been
trained to arms ; to veteran soldiers whose profession
was war, and whom discipline had rendered obedient
as machines.
No, the great ruling principle of his life, was love
to his country, zeal for her interest and welfare,
founded on rules of eternal justice. It wTas this sub
lime principle which supported" him amidst the trials,
the dangers and fatigues which he had to encounter
during the three first years of the American contest.
It was from a conviction that his governing motive

98

EULOGIES.

was the public good, that the American people, not
withstanding their early disasters, never lost their
confidence in him. They were satisfied of his talents,
and they were still more assured of his zeal and sincerity
in the cause he had espoused. What other character
beside himself could have kept together the shattered
remains of our army at the close of the unfortunate
campaignof '76 ? Had he, through fear for his person
or his property, through levity, disgust, or despond
ence, then abandoned the cause of liberty, who after
wards could have rallied the broken, dispirited remains
of our federal army ? Who could have roused a, suffi
cient spirit in the country to oppose any effectual resist
ance to the victorious troops of Britain ? This was a
period of trial ; and at this period the firmness, the
intrepidity, the patience and heroism of our Com
mander-in-chief, like the beams of a bright and cheer
ing star, suddenly bursting from beneath a thick
cloud in a stormy night, shone forth to the astonish
ment and joy of United America. From the lowest
state of depression, the public mind was now elevated
to hope, and encouraged to perseverance.
The eventful campaign of '77, though attended
with some disasters, terminated advantageously to the
American cause. The capture of one entire British
army, and the resolute resistance opposed to another,
ensured us at the commencement of the campaign of
'78, the effectual aid of France. An aid, prompted
by whatever motive — whether by that of reducing

EULOGIES. 99
the power of an ancient rival, of aggrandizing her
self, or of revenging former losses and defeats, was
nevertheless of incalculable importance in the estab
lishment of American independence. From this
time our affairs brightened till the glorious campaign
of '81, which ended with the capture of a seeond
British army, under the command of one of the most
able and enterprizing generals that Britain could
boast. This decisive event satisfied the English gov
ernment that the subjugation of America was impra'c-
ticable, and led to the final acknowledgment of
American independence.
The dose of war, and the return of peace, so pleas
ing to all, was peculiarly gratefel to the heart of our
excellent ^Washington. He loved retirement. He
had left it with regret, wholly 'from a sense of duty,
and not from a wish for change. With pleasure he
anticipated the moment when he should again lose the
commander of an army in the private citizen : That
moment had now arrived. His services as general
are no longer necessary. His army is about to be
disbanded. He is about to be separated (possibly for
ever) from the companions of his cares and dangers,
from men who for eight years had shared his perils
and anxieties, and who had been witnesses of his
wisdom and his valor. But at this closing- scene of
the drama, he is not permitted to sheathe the sword
and return to his loved retreat, without performing a
memorable service to his country — a service in which
14

100 EULOGIES.
his personal agency, his zealous and well timed exer
tions, prevented a great national evil ; prevented his
army from tarnishing the laurels they had acquired
through a long and glorious war, and instead of
defenders, becoming the despoilers of their country.
The pay of this army was greatly in arrear. They
had received already much of what was due to them
in a depreciated -paper currency. In discharge of
what their country still owed, the same currency, and
remote unsettled lands were to form the materials of
their compensation. They were about to return to
the pursuits of civil life, with only the shadow of
reward, for years of danger and of toil; for health
impaired, and the prime of life devoted to the public
service. They expected more of their country. Their
country regretted that their exhausted resources then
enabled them to do no more. The army, urged by
the artful insinuations of an anonymous writer, were
on the point of rising, while yet embodied, and of
wresting from. their country by force, that compensa
tion which they had in vain demanded of its justice.
Never did zeal for the welfare of his country, and the
honor of his army, blaze forth with greater splendor
even in the actions of a Washington, than on this
occasion. By private influence; by public persua
sion ; by an appeal to the honor of soldiers, and the
patriotism of citizens ,> by the regard they owed to
their personal character, and their country's good •
by every motive that could influence a generous mind

EULOGIES. 10.1
he conjured them to disband in peace, and to expect
from the justice and gratitude of their country, what
they were instigated to extort by violence. His influ
ence was triumphant. He succeeded in preserving
the honor of his army and his country from an unnat
ural civil war.
This great object accomplished, we see the Ameri
can hero resigning the chief command of the army,
and retiring into, private life, amid the plaudits and
benedictions of his admiring country. He hoped,
he believed, he had now taken a final farewell of
public life. His glory seemed to be complete. It
appeared to be placed beyond the reach of fortune's
hand,- and to have had the seal of immortality
impressed upon it. But no ; the will of heaven had
otherwise decreed. New cares and new duties await
him. Again his character is to pass through the fur
nace of .general scrutiny, and his fame once more be
launched on the restless ocean of popular opinion.
The feebleness of our general government every
day becoming more and more notorious ; the decay
of our commerce ; the decline of manufactures ; the
loss of individual and national credit ; the weakness
of some states, and the interfering claims of others,
threatening to involve us in domestic broils, and
exposing us to the attack of any foreign invader;
imperiously demanded the review of our articles of
confederation, and the substitution in their place, of
an efficient form of government. A convention is

102 EULOGIES.
accordingly assembled. A plan of national govern
ment is framed. It is recommended to the people.
It is adopted and put in operation.
Again this great and good man, by the unanimous
voice of his country, is called to sit at the helm of the
new government, and to execute its laws. He accepts
the call, but not for himself. Once more he expressly
declines receiving any emolument for his services.
At the close of the first period for which he had been
elected president, had he consulted only his personal
ease or enjoyment he would have quitted his elevated
station, and returned to private life. But higher
motives influenced his mind. Love to his country,
and the critical state of her affairs, induced him again
at the uninfluenced, unanimous call of his fellow-cit
izens to accept the charge of presiding over the
United States. With what fidelity ; with what judg
ment ; with what firmness and devotion of time and
talents, he fulfilled the duties of this high station, no
American citizen need be informed.
We have seen him in all his measures, endeavoring
to promote or preserve the peace, the welfare, and the
happiness of his country. We have seen him filling
the various departments of government with men of
talents, of integrity, and of private worth. We have
seen him sacrificing his personal attachments on the
altar of the public good ; and amidst all the obloquy
heaped on him by 'a few factious spirits, who were
more friendly to the views of a foreign power, than to

EULOGIES. 103
the interests of their own government : we in no
instance see him taking any measure from resentment,
but -with .a magnanimity above all praise, suffering
the slanders that were propagated to die unnoticed.
Firmness of mind was a quality for which he was
eminently distinguished. But when was this estima-
ble trait of character more strikingly displayed, than
in the conduct he observed towards the first ambassa
dor of republican France.
When that bold, but ill-advised minister, seconded
by a powerful party among ourselves, endeavored to
subject the measures of our government to the will of
his own — when he sought by every artifice to involve
us in a war with Great Britain ; and when, on discov
ering the fixed resolution of our government, to pre
serve a neutrality amid the contentions of the Euro
pean powers, he threatened to appeal from the deci
sion of the president, to that of the people; what was
the. conduct of our immortal Washington ? Con
vinced of the rectitude of his own views, and the
soundness of his policy ; fearless of the threatened
resentment of France, and- superior to the clamors
of party, we see him stand like a firm and venerable
oak, against which the storms of faction beat with
fury ; but beat in vain.
• Another crisis soon occurred in our affairs, which
required the exercise of inflexible firmness, and con
summate prudence.
The first naval power in the world, proud of her

104 EULOGIES.
own strength, and fortified by an alliance with the
governments, that first coalesced to crush the demo
cratic system of France, at the close of the year '93,
issued- orders, the tendency of which was to ruin the
commerce of the United States. Our unarmed mer
chantmen were seized, whatever met, by British
cruisers ; conveyed into British ports, and there con
demned. Their cargoes without discrimination were
confiscated, and our wretched seamen destitute of aid
in foreign countries, and stripped of every thing val
uable, by the hands of merciless captors, were obliged
to borrow, or to beg, the means of returning to their
native country. The public mind, indignant at these
spoliations on our trade, was prepared at every risk
for defensive war: Our national council too, feeling
for the injured' dignity, and adopting the sentiments
of their constituents, commenced a system of meas
ures that must soon have led to an open rupture with
Great Britain.
All eyes were now directed to the chief magistrate
of the Union. In • circumstances so embarrassing,
what conduct could he pursue that would at once
secure the interest, and preserve the honor of the
United States. Uninfluenced by resentment, or by
party spirit, and consulting only the true honor and
interest of his country, he resolves on making one
great effort to avert the calamities of war ; persuaded
that if unsuccessful in the attempt, his fellow citizens

EULOGIES. 105
would be more united and determined in measures of
*
defence. In prosecution of this system of pacific policy, we
see him with equal judgment and patriotis'm, select
ing as the messenger of peace, a citizen 1 of known
prudence and ability, whose firmness, integrity, and
eminent public services, had long endeared him to his
' country, and fixed him in her confidence. A negocia-
"tion takes place. Commenced with moderation and
good faith, it could not prove abortive. It resulted
in a treaty, afterwards ratified by the president, with
the approbation of the senate, which preserved our
national honor, and, what was of more importance
than language can describe, saved us from the fearful
vortex of a most destructive war.
To prevent" the ratification of this treaty, and thus
to embroil us in a war with England, every artifice
which French intrigue could devise, was practised,
but happily without effect. Neither flattery nor abuse
could, divert the steady, undeviating mind of our
enlightened president, from pursuing that line of
conduct which became the government of a neutral
nation. At this momentous epoch, the friends of virtue, and
the lovers of peace, in Europe, as well as in America,
beheld his manly and judicious conduct, and beheld

1 Mr. Jay, the present governor of New York.

106 EULOGIES.
it with mingled astonishment and delight. In their
eyes, as in ours, he seemed,
" Like some tall rock that lifts its awful form,
Swells from the vale, and midway leaves the storm ;
Tho' round its breast, the rolling clouds be spread,
Eternarsunshine settles on its head." *
From the elevated place of .president of the United
States, we see him now voluntarily descend, and
once more retire to the humble duties and enjoyments
of private life. He retires, full of glory as of years ;
and like the setting sun, retains a fuller orb of great
ness, then when in the meridian of life and power.
The hostile language and conduct of France,
within th"e last three years, having rendered defensive
armaments necessary, by land as well as by sea, once
more his country claims his aid, as the commander of
her forces. He assists in organizing the army, and
notwithstanding the infirmities of age, and his predi
lection for private life, stands prepared to take the
field, should it be necessary, in defence of his native
land. But while discharging the duties of this high
command, he is summoned by heaven to another
scene. A mortal disease attacks him. Its progress is
rapid. It baffles the exertions of the most eminent
professors of medicine. From its first approaches, he
foresees its fatal issue. He arranges his affairs with
composure. He languishes scarce twenty-four hours ;
then with a resignation worthy of his useful life, on
the fourteenth clay of the last month, he finished his

1 Goldsmith.

EULOGIES. 107
glorious career on earth, and hastened to that "bourne
from which no traveller returns."
Return then, great and virtuous spirit, to the bosom
of thy Father and thy God ! While thy frame here
moulders in the dust, bedewed with the tears of the
worthy and the wise ; thy soul, freed from the shackles
that chained it to the earth, shall wing its flight to
regions of eternal bliss. May the tutelary angels who
watch over the interests of this great and growing
empire, welcome thee with triumph, to the abodes of
the blest. There, amidst friends and companions of
thine earthly labors : amid the sages and patriots of
other ages, and other countries — encircled by a War
ren and Montgomery ; a Socrates and a Cato ; a Sully
and a Hampden ; mayst thou taste those pure enjoy
ments, which saints and angels only know ; which
" eye hath not seen, nor ear heard ; neither hath it
entered into the heart of man to conceive."
To us, who still travel on in this "vale of tears" —
to us it belongs to honor his memory, and to imitate
his virtues. While his country records his glory, and
erects a monument to his fame, American citizens, to
remotest ages, will hold his character in remembrance
and esteem.
With pride and pleasure they will remember their
beloved Washington, whose fame adds lustre to his
' age and country ; in whose character were combined
more exalted virtues, unalloyed by the extremes to
which such virtues are most exposed, than in the
15

108 EULOGIES.
character of any man of whom we have heard or
read. Never did any man better understand the
human character, or employ more suitable agents for
the accomplishment of his views and plans. In a
remarkable degree, he united genius, with j udgment ;
the enterprise of youth, with the caution of age. He
was brave, but not rash ; fearless of death, but not
prodigal of life. He posessed zeal without intemper
ance, liberality without profusion, and economy
without avarice. His piety was rational and sincere,
tinctured neither with superstition nor hypocrisy. His
dignity never wore the garb of haughtiness, nor his
modesty that of affectation. Moderate in prosperity,
he never lost his equanimity in misfortune — faithful to
his friends, he pitied and forgave his enemies. He
lived the hero, the statesman, and the sage ; and died
the humble and resigned believer. Behold the man,
whom while alive, his country esteemed and loved,
and whose memory now, she "delights to honor."
Author of his being, and parent of every good ! we
bless thee for having raised up so great and good a
man, and for having lent his precious life for such a
lapse of years to the American people !
I cannot close this address in a manner more becom
ing, or in language so elegant and pathetic, as that
used by our national senate in their letter of condo
lence to the president of the United States.
Adopting their words, every American may with
truth, and from the heart, say — "With patriotic pride

EULOGIES. 109
we review the life of our Washington, and compare
him with those of other countries who have been pre
eminent in fame. Ancient and modern names are
diminished before him. Greatness and guilt have too
often been allied ; but his fame is whiter than it is
brilliant. The destroyers of nations stood abashed at
the majesty of his virtue. It reproved the intemper
ance of their ambition and darkened the splendor of
victory. The scene is closed, and we are no longer
anxious lest misfortune should sully his glory; he has
travelled on to the end of his journey and carried with
him an increasing weight of honor ; he had deposited
it safely, where misfortune cannot tarnish it, where
malice cannot blast it. Favored of heaven, he
departed without exhibiting the weakness of human
ity ; magnanimous in death, the darkness of the grave
could not obscure his brightness.
" Such was the man whom we deplore. Thanks to
God, his glory is consummated : Washington yet
lives on earth in his spotless example ; his spirit is in
heaven. "Let his countrymen consecrate the memory of the
heroie general, the patriotic statesman, and the vir
tuous sage : Let them teach their children never to
forget that the fruits of his labors, and his example,
are their inheritance."

110 EULOGIES.

An Oration on the Death of General George Washington,
delivered at All Saints Parish (S. C), on the 22d of
February, 1800, by Doctor Joseph Blyth.
Fellow-Citizens :
Sixty-eight years are this day completed since the
birth of George Washington, and this -clay w7e are
assembled in the temple of God to pay the tribute of
affection and respect, clue to the memory of the excel
lent citizen, the friend, the father of his country.
Behold! this day, and at this moment, thousands
and thousands, in their numerous assemblies over this
extended empire, are commemorating the exalted
virtues, the heroic deeds of our deceased patriot ; and
pouring out their souls to the Almighty, in the keen
ness of sorrow, for this irreparable loss, this national
calamity, this visitation of the Most High.
America,, covered with the mantle of grief, droops
over the grave of her departed father, and the funeral
pall of Columbia's pride, like a dark and ominous
cloud, overspreads our land.
Man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go
about the streets. 0 ! fleeting, transitory man, learn
moderation and wisdom from a sense of thy' fugitive
state ! Now, indeed, is a time to weep ; to restrain
the bursting emotion would be false fortitude. Let
the heart seek its relief in free effusions of just and
natural sorrow. Washington was our companion in

EULOGIES. Ill
all the vicissitudes of fortune ; he was the solace of
his country ; he shared in all her joys, and he partici
pated in all her misfortunes.
By the appointment of the Creator of mankind,
the conclusion of life is an awful object; to restrain
that awe within due bounds, that it do not interrupt
us in performing the duties of life properly, is the dis
tinction between the brave man and the coward. To
surmount that awe, so that even the near approach of
death shall not deject our mind or trouble our peace,
is the preference which virtue enjoys above guilt. A
professed object of philosophy and religion, in every
age, has been to enable their votaries to conquer all
slavish fear of death.
Although our Washington was attached to life by
an ample store of earthly felicity, and by all the nat
ural feelings of humanity, yet he was raised above all
weak and unmanly regret at parting with it. When
Providence gave the signal for his removal, with com
posed resolution and undisturbed mind, he bade adieu
to the world : what Heaven had made necessary,
Washington complied with cheerfully. Although he
was interrupted in the midst of his settled designs ;
although he was broken off in the midst of the wise
plans he had formed of being useful to his country;
all these he left with resignation and tranquility in the
hands of the Father of mercies, to whom he had ever
been accustomed to lookup — that divine goodness
which had watched over him in all the perils of life ;

112 EULOGIES.
that all-wise Being, who had governed the world'
graciously and wisely before he existed, and who he
knew would continue to govern it with equal benignity
and wisdom, when he should be in it no more.
The time of his departure was not of our- choice,
nor his own ; but it was the time appointed by Him
who cannot err. Honorable age is not that which
staudeth in length of time ; but wisdom is grey hairs
to a man, and an unspotted life is old age. He who
is unwilling to submit to death, when Heaven decrees
it, deserves not to have lived. When our Washington
beheld his friends and relatives around him, his heart
melted, but was not overpowered ; the retrospection
of a virtuous life, the testimony of a good conscience
and a hope of future felicity, gave him composure and
fortitude ; and in the midst of these agonies, when
the dust is about to return to its dust, with firmness
and dignity he resigned the spirit to God who gave it.
He had served his country with fidelity ; he had walked
piously before his God ; he had completed his career
of glory and virtue ; he departed with the blessings
of the whole American people, and the tears of grate
ful millions have embalmed his memory.
How respectable and happy is such a conclusion of
human life! thus to quit the stage, honored and
revered by his country, supported by the presence of
his Creator, and enjoying, until the last moments of
reflection, the pleasing thoughts that he had not lived
in vain.

EULOGIES. 113
May each of us so act our part through the journey
of life, that when we come to meet the king of terrors,
we may be buoyed up with such reflections ; and in
that journey, may we all as far as possible follow the
example of our deceased friend.
Our beloved Washington, in the third descent from
English ancestors, was born in the county of West
moreland, in Virginia, on the 11th of February, 1732,
old style. He was the first fruits of. a second marriage ;
and when but ten years of age, had the, misfortune to
lose his father ; his mother survived until a few years
ago. What maternal satisfaction must the aged
matron have enjoyed, from the consideration of having
given birth to the man of such consummate worth, of
such unspotted fame ! His education was principally
conducted by a private tutor; he soon, however, seized
the great objects of erudition; — skill in the .sciences,
and a strict adherence to the moral duties, without
submitting to that tedious drudgery necessary for less
active genius. By means of a vigorous, penetrating
mind, with the study of good models, he soon acquired
an elegant, pure, nervous style. By surveying lands,
the occasional occupation of his early life, he gave
vigor and activity to his body, and acquired and cul
tivated that kind of mathematical knowledge, which
proved very useful to him afterwards in far higher
stations. At fifteen years of age, he was entered a
midshipman on board a British ship of war, then sta
tioned on the coasts of Virginia; but his mother's

114 EULOGIES.
reluctance to that profession prevented him from ever
going to sea. Before he attained his twentieth year,
he had an appointment with the rank of major, in the
department of Adjutant-General, which office had
been held for some time before by his eldest brother.
This brother was a young man of the most promising
talents ; he had commanded in the colonial troops
employed against Carthagena, and afterwards held the
office of Adjutant- Gen eral of Virginia. From this
brother, and in this office, the future hero of America
received the first rudiments of that military knowledge
which has since astonished the world ; from this
brother (who died about this time) he inherited Mount
Vernon (so called after the admiral of that name),
the seat of our deceased friend's fondest predilection.
In the office of Adjutant-General, and in the embassy
in which he was shortly after employed, the journal
and reports of Major Washington announced to the
world that prodigious genius, that correctness of mind,
that manliness of style, and that accuracy in business
which have since characterized him in conducting
more arduous affairs. Let the brave youths of Colum
bia, who anticipate the enjoyment of many years in
their natal soil, imitate the early example of Wash
ington. When he was but twenty-one years of age,
he devoted his labor, his life to the service of his
country. She was insulted by a foreign foe, "all sate
mute, pondering on the danger with deep thought, and
in other's countenance read his own dismay." Wash-

EULOGIES. 115
ington nobly stepped forth and offered her his best
services. For hundreds of miles he explored the path
less desert, the habitation of savage beasts, and of
more savage men ! His task accomplished, although
unsuccessful his toils, he returned safe amidst the
applause of his grateful countrymen.
In the war which succeeded, his prudence saved his
country's armies ; his valor checked her foes. ,In a
situation which required the coolness and deliberation
of an experienced veteran ; when unrelenting carnage
-drenched the field of battle ; when victorious savages
with appalling yells, gave loose to their vindictive rage,
the active exertions of the youthful Washington ral
lied and brought off in safety the scattered and flying
remains of the ill-fated Braddock's army. The vol
unteer. aid, the brave Colonel. Washington, was the
only officer doing duty on horseback that day, who
was not either killed or wounded.. In succeeding
expeditious, the war was more successful, and our
young hero exhibited the talents of a general in many
embarrassing scenes. When tranquility was restored,
our young citizen soldier, crowned' with laurels,
returned to his native home. With these early pre
sages of future greatness, can the spirit of prophecy
be ascribed ta-President Davies, when he hazarded an
opinion, in a public sermon, that " Divine Providence
was raising this youth for the salvation of his coun-
try?" In the year 1759, when he resigned his command,
16

116 EULOGIES.
authentic documents will show the tender regret of
the Virginia line at parting with their commander,
and his affectionate regard for them.
Our hero settled soon after as a farmer in the peace
ful shades of Mount Vernon ; he "married the amiable
object of his affection, a lady of his own age ; and
there, under his own vine and his own fig-tree, his
hands fraught with the bounties of Heaven, the fruits
of his own industry, he cultivated the arts of peace :
constantly and faithfully discharging the duties of a
magistrate, a judge of the county court, and a mem
ber of the legislature, until the year 1774, when he
was elected a delegate to the first congress.
The Omnipotent, " who bids predestined empires
rise and fall," generally employs the agency of second
ary causes for the execution of his decrees. In the
year 1774, the British rulers completed tlieir system
of tyrannizing over the colonies : from the year 1764,
the usurpations of that government had excited the
indignation of every American. Our chartered and
most sacred rights and privileges were annulled and
altered at their will ; we were held amenable to laws
made, and for payment of taxes imposed without our
consent. The administration of justicewas obstructed,
and her fountains polluted: her pure ermine was sul
lied by the unrighteous decrees and immoral conduct
of unworthy individuals, clothed in her solemn garb.
We were held to trial at foreign tribunals for pretended
offences, and the trial by jury of our peers was denied

EULOGIES. 117
us : we were harrassed by swarms of civil officers, and
oppressed by standing armies in- times of peace, and
the military independent of and superior to the civil
powers. The hard earnings of honest industry were
wrung from us, by impositions and taxes, established
upon principles incompatible with the unalienable
rights of freemen. Severities, extortions and claims
were imposed upon us, to which none but slaves could
submit. In every stage of these oppressions, we
petitioned for redress in most humble terms: our
repeated petitions were answered only by repeated
injuries and insults. The indignant spirit of the
Americans was at length roused to a noble opposition ;
every other means proving vain, they were at length
urged on to the distressing alternative of choosing
one of two. great evils ; L either to enlist themselves
and their unborn posterity, unconditional slaves, or to
brave the horrors of war. Under every disadvantage,
they resolutely determined on the latter; and after
solemnly appealing to God and the world, "for the jus
tice of their cause, and supported by the rectitude of
their principles, they bravely preferred to suffer present
hardships and encounter present dangers, to a derelic
tion of the blessings of freedom.
For devising measures best- adapted to the preser
vation of their endangered liberties, they called

1 " Our houses being constructed of brick, stone or wood, though
destroyed, may be rebuilt ; but liberty once gone, is lost forever," was
an observation made in Congress by C. Gadsdon, of South Carolina.

118 EULOGIES.
together their most enlightened patriots to form a
congress ; by thus acting in totality, with concert of
wills, they gave dignity, stability and consistency to
their determinations.
In this congress, for firmness, for patriotism and
wisdom, ever to be renowned, Washington was pre
eminent ; his moderation and his wisdom contributed
amply to the stability and the propriety of the measures
which were adopted. All pacific means, however,
failed ; our tyrants proceeded to compel us to sub
mission by military force. This measure highly in
flamed the American mind ; the ferment increased, all
hope of reconciliation vanished ; on each side the
sword was whetted. These combustibles shortly after
blazed into a conflagration at Lexington on the 19th
of April, 1775. In this dilemma, congress assembled
the brave but untutored sons of America. In the
choice of a general, the fittest to command them,
% there was but one voice, and that voice was for the
brave Washington. In cases of danger, pride and
envy naturally subside, and leave the post of honor to
virtue. He was so well known by the happy conduct
of his youth, in the former war, that his merit com
manded unanimity. He accepted the appointment
with that degree of modesty which ever accompanies
superior talents, declaring with the utmost sincerity,
that he did not think himself equal to the command
with which he had been honored.
On the 3d of July, 1775, he arrived at Cambridge,

EULOGIES. 119
and entered upon the duties of his. high and important
station. With never-ceasing gratitude, America will
admire the patient, accommodating, energetic mind of
her Washington, who in a short time, and in view of
a well appointed veteran army, converted an undisci
plined militia into a regularly organized force, capable
of joining the combat with an enemy, superior in every
thing but valor. Washington appeared to possess an
intuitive knowledge of the human character ; with a
discerning eye he distinguished and chose men most
capable of performing the various functions of every
department. In 1776, we learned with the keenest distress, that
the unnatural parent state had not only refused to
redress our grievances already complained of, but had
also declared the colonies out of her protection, and
employed foreign mercenaries to assist in effecting
their conquest and subjugation. Already were our
seas plundered, our coasts ravaged, our towns burnt,
and many of our lives destroyed. Common sense
taught the Americans, that protection and allegiance
were reciprocal ; and that Great Britain had abdicated
the government of America, and forfeited all right
ever after to govern her ; and therefore, on the 4th of
July, 1776, the representatives of the United States
of America, in Congress assembled, appealing to the
Supreme Judge of the universe for the rectitude of
their intentions, did solemnly publish and declare,
-that the said states were, and of right ought to be,

120 EULOGIES.
free and independent ; that they had full power to
levy war, conclude peace, and to do all other acts and
things which independent states might of right do;
and for the support of this declaration, with a firm
reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, they
mutually pledged to each other their lives, their for
tunes, and their most sacred honor.
The declaration of independence, and the manifesto,
stating our grievances, and the reasons for determining
on a final separation ; and that we would hold the
people of Great Britain, as the rest of mankind,
" enemies in war, in peace friends," will be pronounced
a treasure of political knowledge, as long as language,
the tongue of the world, shall exist.
Some well-meaning individuals, however, whose
souls were not of that firm texture which revolutions
require, shrunk from these laudable and necessary
measures; the sage and heroic Washington heartily
adopted them, because he saw they were founded in
wisdom and right; and on the 9th of July, 1776, he
caused the declaration of independence to be pro
claimed before the army. With pleasure he saw both
officers and men give their most hearty assent, and by
their behavior testify their warmest approbation of it.
" It behooves us," said -he, " to adopt such counsels, as
under the smiles of a gracious and all kind Providence
will be most likely to promote our happiness : I trust
these decisive measures are calculated for that end,
and will secure us that freedom and those privileges

EULOGIES. 121
¦ which have been and are refused to us, contrary to the
voice of nature and the British Constitution."
The coritest now^ assumed an importance, to which it
was not before entitled. It was no longer subjects
contending with their sovereign ; it was one free and
independent nation at war with another.
In conducting this war, a bare relation of facts will
be the highest encomium on the military skill of our
general, and on the valor and patriotism of his brave
army. He never suffered the enemy to force him into
action contrary to his judgment, nor could they ever
elude his enterprising vigilance, when an opportunity
offered of attacking them with advantage. When
pressed, no general knew better how to extricate him
self, by manoeuvres combining intrepidity with pre
caution. He ever attacked like a hero, and retreated
like a general, always presenting a point to the enemy.
Such, my fellow-citizens, was the general whose death
we this day deplore. He was dreaded by the enemy,
beloved by the citizens, and adored by the army, those-
brave defenders of their country; who, amidst all the
accumulated wants and wretchedness the human mind
can imagine, often without food, money or clothing,
in the most inclement seasons, nobly persevered until
they secured that liberty we now enjoy. With equa
nimity and magnanimous firmness he pursued the
object of the war, himself equal to the extremes of
either fortune, never depressed by disasters, nor elated
by victory ; and when dictatorial powers were commit-

122 EULOGIES.
ted to his trust, he seized the first proper occasion to
surrender them into the hands of the representatives
of the sovereign people who had given them.
See him employing his last moments of authority
over the revolutionary army, not in recounting the
scenes of glory through which he had led them; but
with a patriotism, unparalleled in history, admonishing
them to crown their military fame by acting well the
part of citizens.
To disband an army, sore from past neglect, and
inured to the chance of war, which had not received
the compensation promised as the reward of their
valor, as the price of their blood and our independ
ence, could have been accomplished by none but their
beloved Washington. The truly pathetic feelings of
human nature were never more tenderly agitated, than
on his taking a final leave of his companions in arms.
That illustrious band,, whose blood and whose bravery
saved their country, posterity will admire; and the
perpetual ebb of time will not diminish that admira
tion. "With an heart full of love and gratitude," said he,
" I now take leave of you ; I most devoutly wish that
your latter days may be as prosperous and happy, as
your former ones have been glorious and honorable."
" That the duty of a soldier is not completed until he
has acted well the part of a citizen," was the maxim
of Washington : let this have a due influence upon
every American. When the citizen soldier shall cease

EULOGIES. 123
to adhere to this maxim, then shall America bow her
neck to the galling yoke of tyranny. When his skill
and his valor had thus exalted and saved his country,
and made her the happiest and freest on earth, behold
the man of the people retiring to the peaceful shades
of private life, amidst the prayers and acclamations of
his grateful countrymen. Let us view the victorious
leader of our armies, having fully accomplished the
purposes of his appointment, resigning his commission
into the hands of congress, with a modesty equal to
the diffidence with which he had received it. The
scene was truly august, and worthy being held up as
an example to men in power in every quarter of the
globe. Behold him, with scrupulous accuracy, ac
counting for every cent that had ever passed through
his hands ; and without asking or receiving a single
pecuniary boon for himself, like another Cincinnatus,
returning to the plough.
Let us for a moment contrast this scene with those
through which he had just passed. Various andkeen
must have been his anxieties, during the vicissitudes
of that contest, which his wisdom and moderation had
thus brought to so happy a conclusion. Sublime were
the talents he displayed in those awful hours when the
"big war raged dreadfully glorious;" in those tre
mendous scenes, when death-fraught balls, irresistible
as fate, fell in showers around him. Illustrious hero !
the accomplishment of this immortal work has exalted
thy character to the pinnacle of glory ; thy deeds have
17

124 EULOGIES.
immortalized thy fame ; ages to come shall revere thy
memory; unborn millions shall bless the arm that
wielded the sword of American freedom ; for thee this
day thy country mourns.
The virtuous simplicity of his private life will add
lustre to his public character. He was . plain in his
address and manners, affable and attentive to all around
him ; no man understood better the dependency of
happiness upon virtue. He was pious, just, humane,
temperate and sincere ; vice shuddered and virtue was
ever cherished in his presence. He was a man of con
firmed good habits. To apply life, at best but short,
to the most useful purposes, it was his unvarying cus
tom to rise before the sun.1 Through the day he hus-

1 It was his custom to rise at dawn of day, and to read or write
until breakfast ; which he usually made on three small hoe cakes and
as many dishes of tea. From breakfast until his hour of dressing
for dinner, he usually employed in visiting his different farms. He
commonly dined (5n a single dish, and drank five or six glasses of
wine ; this, with a glass of punch or beer, and tea before sun-down,
constituted his whole sustenance until next clay. His table was daily
prepared for company, whether he had them or not. After dinner,
it was his custom to pass an hour at table in convivial conversation.
He perfectly relished a sally of wit or a pleasant story ; and after this
sociable and innocent relaxation, he applied himself to business until
about nine o'clock, when he retired to rest. This was his family
routine ; but when company were present, he politely attended them
until they wished, to withdraw. Much of his time was necessarily
devoted to the literary characters, both in Europe and America, who
were ambitious of his correspondence, as well as to the perusal of
newspapers, periodical publications, and other literary productions,
sent him by the authors on both sides of the Atlantic ; and to the
investigation of natural curiosities and ' mechanical inventions, sub
mitted to his approbation. With the utmost benignity did he take
notice of this vast variety of subjects, which claimed his attention.

EULOGIES. 125
banded every moment to the best advantage ; system
and economy pervaded every apartment; under his
own roof was manufactured almost all that was used
by his numerous household; but to acquire and com
municate practical knowledge in agriculture was his
favorite pursuit. He received rare seeds, and the
result of new experiments, from every quarter ; he
made such copious notes on his own experiments, on
the state of the seasons, on the nature of soils, and on
the effects of different kinds of manure, as will throw
great light on the farming business. Such my friends,
was the rural simplicity of the life of Washington, for
whom our nation mourns.
The penetrating mind of General Washington had
discovered, before he retired from command, the
inefficiency of the confederation to answer completely
the purposes of either peace or war. He had already
¦said, in his circular letter to the governors of the dif
ferent states, " If the citizens of America should not
be completely free and happy, the fault will be entirely
their own ; the cup of blessing is reached out to them ;
happiness is theirs, if they seize the occasion, and
make it their own : yet there is an option left, whether
the United States will be respectable and prosperous,
or contemptible and miserable as a nation." "Give
to the Federal Government," said he, " such a tone as
will enable it to answer the ends of its institution. If
you relax its powers, you will annihilate the cement of
society, and expose yourselves, the sport of European

126 EULOGIES.
politics. Let liberty be the basis, and independence
the superstructure of your government ; and whoever
shall dare to sap the foundation, or overturn the super
structure, under whatever specious pretext the attempt
be made, let him receive the bitterest execrations, the-
severest punishment his injured country can inflict.
Whatever measures have a tendency to dissolve the
Union, or violate or lessen the sovereign authority,
ought to be considered as hostile to liberty and inde
pendence, and the authors of them treated accord
ingly." A fisequent recurrence to the fundamental
principles of the social compact^ and a constant
adherence to those of piety, justice, moderation, tem
perance, industry and frugality, are absolutely neces
sary to the preservation of liberty, and the mainten
ance of a free government. Let the people pay par
ticular attention to these principles in the choice of
their officers and representatives. Let (said he) a
pacific and friendly disposition prevail ; make mutual
concessions for the general good, and when necessary,
sacrifice individual advantage for the interest of the
community. According to the policy of the general
government you will stand or fall, and with your con
firmation or lapse it will be decided, whether the revo
lution will ultimately prove a blessing or a curse ; not
to the present generation alone, for with their fate will
the destiny of unborn millions be involved. Unless.
you preserve your governments so free and uncor-
rupted, and so happily guarded against oppression, as

EULOGIES. 127
to enable you to participate the fruits of the revolution,
by enjoying the essential benefits of civil liberty, it
will be a subject of regret that so much blood and
treasure have been lavished to no purpose ; that so
many " sufferings have been encountered without a
compensation, and so many sacrifices made in vain."
The painful experience of four years verified the
truth of these observations, and convinced us of the
.necessity of- an efficient government. It was dis
covered that liberty, without an efficient and rational
government, was only a license for the strong to tram
ple upon the weak. The union of the states was sus
pended by a thread ; public credit was destroyed ; our
laws were lifeless ; confusion, difficulty and danger
hung over us.
Sacred shades of our departed heroes ! was it for
this order of things your precious blood was shed ?
Was it to substitute anarchy that ye annihilated mon
archy; that ye endured with patience so much dis
tress ; thatye surmounted so many difficulties ? Surely
it was not: it was to establish a republican government,
so constituted, as to allow the ungovernable license
to none, and to extend salutary protection to all.
Here again did America exhibit one of those mighty
spectacles, which none but republics can imitate : four
millions of people, by their representatives, forming,
arranging and poising with deliberation and coolness,
the mighty limits of the federal and state governments ;
and accommodating, with a spirit of amity, the. diver-

128 EULOGIES.
sified interests of a vast empire. Of this illustrious
convention, our Washington was president.
To give stability and dignity to a government, and
at the same time to , leave every individual the full
enjoyment of all his rights, comporting with the good
of the whole, has been reserved by the Almighty legis
lator of Heaven for the fortunate genius ofthe Ameri
cans. Our constitution of government is the produc
tion of our deliberate choice; in it is displayed the
majesty of the people ; by their valor the people
obtained the right to govern themselves. In their
wisdom they chose a time pf peace and tranquility to
deliberate upon the plan, and with the examples of
ancient and modern governments before them, they
wisely adopted our happy federal constitution. The
plan was first digested by a band of tried patriots, of
able statesmen, elected by the free choice, of the
people. Here was concentrated in truth and in fact,
the wisdom, the integrity of a nation. After mature
deliberation ; after balancing all considerations, local
and general, the plan was proposed to the people at
large : it was published for the approbation or disap
probation of every one interested in it ; after which,
by a second free election, persons were appointed in
each state to reconsider it, and empowered finally to
adopt or reject it. Under all these cautions and scru
tinies, has it been ratified and confirmed ; and we
have felt the happy effects of it, and shall continue to'
feel them, as long as we retain our virtuous principles ;

EULOGIES. 129
but an abandoned and profligate people can never be
happy. The wisdom and experience of Washington had
a principal share in forming that valuable depository
of our independence and happiness, which has
cemented our union, restored our credit, established
justice, and insured, as far as human wisdom can insure,
to us and to our posterity, the. blessings of freedom :
that constitution which has enabled us to assume our
proper station among the nations of the earth.
The illustrious hero, whose prudence and whose
valor had saved his country,' was called by the unani
mous voice of the American people, to preside in the
administration of this constitution. Here again we
behold him, sacrificing domestic ease and rural tran
quility to the imperious call of his country. In this
exalted station, his enlightened and magnanimous
policy gave her an elevated rank in the scale of nations ;
the plots of intriguers and appearances of revolt were
detected by his vigilance, and suppressed by his power.
To conciliate peace with all the world, to check every
deviation from the line of- impartiality, to explain what
might have been misunderstood, and to correct what
might have been injurious to any nation, was the policy
steadily pursued by the wise Washington. By his
arm were the hostile savages vanquished, and through
his humanity was their condition meliorated. The
prudent neutrality which he adopted, and to which he
adhered with inflexible firmness, has preserved us from

130 EULOGIES.
becoming parties in a destructive war, by which some
of the fairest provinces in Europe have been deluged
with blood, and ruin spread far and wide, over all .
quarters of the globe. Through his sound and honest
policy, persevered in at the expense of no duty, Amer
ica, ever faithful to herself, exhibits a spectacle of
national happiness never surpassed, if ever before
equalled by any nation.
Before the expiration of his last presidential term,
he gave us his paternal advice, which, if duly attended
to, will forever preserve to us the inheritance of free
dom. Let us pursue this advice, and never depart
from it; it is addressed to us all; it is addressed to
every American. "Let the union of the states," said
our deceased Washington, " and the reciprocity of
interests be the ground-work of your political exist
ence ; let the illiberal spirit of party be banished for
ever from among you ; let just and amicable feelings,
devoid of all partialities and antipathies, regulate your
conduct with all nations ; guard against the inter
ference of foreign nations in your internal concerns."
In this advice, our Washington still lives ; in this
bequest of the father of our country, to the whole
American people, our Washington will forever live,
in the hearts and minds of all patriots over the whole
globe; and his venerable name will descend, with
unfading glory, down the perpetual succession of
time, through ages of ages.
After having * twice served as president, he again

EDL0GIES. 131
retired to the seat of his fondest predilection, to the
pursuits of domestic life, and the society of his friends.
Here it was the wish of his heart to pass the remain
der of his days in peaceful repose ; but, alas ! this
interval was of short duration. A storm had arisen
in a distant nation, whose sympathy with us in the
hour of distress merited and received our warmest
gratitude. With pride and approbation did America
see that nation, to which she had taught the first les
sons of libert}', contending zealously for the attain
ment of it. Never did one nation sympathize more
cordially with another, than America did with France,
when she first engaged in that task, which we had but
just accomplished. This national harmony, founded
in good offices, and strengthened by a similarity of
pursuits, it was fondly hoped would be perpetual ; but
from causes beyond our control, it has proved other
wise. The ambitious rulers of that unhappy nation,
overstepping the bounds of moderation and justice,
made- enormous and degrading demands upon our
gratitude. Forgetting the respect clue to a sister
republic, they violated the rights of neutrality, .ob
structed and harrassed our commerce, contrary to
existing treaties. By the insidious, intrigues and diplo
matic skill of their agents, they tried every artifice to
create disunion among us ; and in the intoxication of
victory, they contemptuously insulted our ministers of
peace. Knowing that every concession, indicative of
fear or weakness, would but prove an incentive to new
18

132 EULOGIES.
and more degrading demands, the necessity was im
posed upon us of putting ourselves in the most proper
position to meet the last extremity. Again did Ver
non's virtuous veteran, solicited by the voice of his
country, that voice which he never could resist, gird
on his sword and prepare him for the defence of his
country's rights. In this attitude was he taken from
us, by Him who decides upon the fate of mortals, and
this clay we deplore our loss. He will no more lead
our armies to victory, he will no more diffuse wisdom
in our councils. Often have we omitted to express
the real feelings of our souls, lest we should be thought
to flatter; but now, alas! who shall flatter the dead?
If we say that we loved and revered him as a father,
wo speak the language of our own hearts, we speak
the language of all who fought, who suffered and who
conquered under him; of all who now enjoy the fruits
of his toils in the field, of his wisdom in the cabinet.
Nature does not always observe a due proportion
between the endowments of the mind and body ; but
in this he was peculiarly her favorite. With a mind
coextensive with every object, she gave him a comely,
majestic person, well proportioned, .tall and active;
with regular, manly features, a very interesting coun
tenance and penetrating eye ; his deportment was easy
and graceful, with an air of benevolence and dignity;
his constitution, naturally good, was by temperance
and exercise preserved sound to an advanced age.
With pure and upright intentions, he possessed a cor-

EULOGIES. 1,33
rect, sound judgment ; with great calmness and delib
eration in forming determinations, an invincible firm
ness and perseverance in the execution of them. His
abilities and courage were .equal to objects of 'the first
magnitude; uninfluenced by prejudice, and with
integrity incorruptible, did he guide the helm of state,
did he direct the storm of war. His orders, letters
and speeches, and above all, his two farewell addresses,
(to repeat which is the pride of every orator) will be
lasting testimonies of the goodness of his heart, and
of the eloquence of his pen.1 But alas ! our benefac
tor is now gone the way of all flesh, and we can but
deplore our loss : the time is unfortunate ; but thy will
be done, 0 ! thou Father of spirits.
And now, my fellow-citizens, shall I claim your
•attention a moment, in taking a comparative view of
our flourishing state at this period, with our wretched
condition when our Washington took the command
of our armies? Sole lords and proprietors of avast
tract of continent, comprehending all the various soils
and climates of the world, abounding in all the neces
saries and conveniences of life, we are possessed of
absolute freedom and independence. The actors on a
most conspicuous theatre, which seems peculiarly
designed by Providence for the display of human
greatness and felicity, surrounded with everything that

1 " Fit words attended on his weighty sense,
And mild persuasion flow'd in eloquence."

134 EULOGIES.
can contribute to the completion of domestic enjoy
ment; heaven has crowned all its other blessings, by
affording a fairer opportunity for political happiness,
than any other nation has ever enjoyed. Here the
rights of mankind are more clearly defined, and better
understood, than in any other quarter of the globe;
our laws are made equitably, expounded impartially,
and executed faithfully. Here uo gloomy superstition
reigns, no subordination of one sect or denomination
to any other : every one who acknowledges the being
of a God, is entitled to every civil right, at liberty to
enjoy his own religious professions, and to worship
God in the manner and season most agreeable to the
dictates of his conscience. Here the researches of
the human mind after social happiness, are carried to
a great extent. The treasures of knowledge, acquired
by philosophers, sages and legislators, through a long-
succession of ages, are here laid open for use, and
their collected wisdom happily applied in our forms of
government. The cultivation of letters, the un
bounded extension of commerce, and above all, the
pure and benign light of revelation, have shed their
meliorating influence over us, increased the blessings
of society, refined our manners, and liberalized our
sentiments. This, my fellow-citizens, is a sketch of that happy
state in which the labors of your Washington have
had a principal instrumentality in placing you : does
it not become us to deplore the loss of the citizen, who

EULOGIES. 135
had this high agency, under Providence, in producing
our now happy state — who spent so many anxious days
and watchful nights in obtaining our freedom — who
consumed the prime of his long and valuable life in
the service of his country? A clue adherence to his
precepts will insure our political salvation, and be no
, bar to our eternal felicity.
Let the young man who aspires to merit the love of
his country, contemplate the youth of Washington,
and, let him go and do likewise; the road to greatness
lies open to all, the opportunities of many are superior
to his. Let the farmer imitate him, and he will become
prosperous and opulent ; let the relative imitate him,
and he will live comfortable and happy; the military
man need not be informed, that Washington's char
acter is the great model of military merit; the en
lightened statesman will do well to imitate his exam
ple, and to follow his precepts. They are the precepts
of wisdom, uttered in the undisguised language of
freedom, and sincerity ; and dictated by the rectitude
of a heart, which disdained unworthy motives : that
heart 'is now mingled with the dust!
This is indeed a day of mourning. South Carolina
has a two-fold cause of grief ! The same omnipotent
hand, which has removed the father of our country,
has since .deprived us of the not less virtuous, though
more limited services of our beloved Rutledge. To
our affliction this gives double poignancy — we feel as
men, as friends, and as citizens; but let us not despair.

136 EULOGIES.
That beneficent power, who", with a guardian hand,
conducted us through the gloomy horrors of revolu
tionary conflict, and has placed us on the solid basis
of independence and happiness ; who, to answer the
great purposes of his moral government, has taken
from us a Washington, a Mifflin, a Henry, and a Rut
ledge, will never leave us destitute of heroes in the ,
field — of sages in the cabinet.

An Oration upon the Death of General Washington, de
livered at the Request of the Corporation of the City of
New York on the 31st of December, 1799, by Gouv
erneur Morris.1
Sed quisnam merito divinas Carmine Laudes
Concipere, aut tanto par queat esse Wrof—Aurel. Brand.
Americans: Assembled to pay the last dues of filial piety to him
who was the father of his country, it is meet that we
take one last look at the man whom we have lost for
ever. Born to high destinies, he was fashioned for them
by the hand of nature. . His form was noble — his port

1 Mr. Morris was at this time forty-eight years of age. He had been
our Minister to the French government several years, and enjoyed a
reputation as a statesman and financier which but few had excelled.
His personal associations with Washington had been intimate and
his own observations justified the opinions expressed of his exalted
character. In the following oration, tbe reader will observe a terse
ness of style, a freedom in the use of rhetorical figures and a
measured arrangement of sentences that almost give it claim to rank
with poetry.

EULOGIES. 137
majestic. On his front were enthroned the virtues
which exalt, and those which adorn the human char
acter. So dignified his deportment, no man could
approach him but with respect — none was great in
his presence. You all have seen him, and you all
have felt the reverence he inspired ; it was such, that
to command, seemed in him but the exercise of an
ordinary function, while others felt a duty to obey,
which (anterior to the injunctions of civil ordinance,
or the compulsion of a military code) was imposed by
the high behests of nature.
He had every title to command — Heaven, in giving
him the higher qualities of the soul, had given also
the tumultous passions which accompany greatness,
and frequently tarnish its lustre. With them was his
first contest, and his first victory was over himself. So
great the empire he had there acquired, that calmness
of manner and of conduct distinguished him through
life. Yet, those who have seen him strongly moved,
will bear witness that his wrath was terrible ; they
have seen boiling in his bosom, passion almost too
mighty for man; yet, when just bursting into act, that
strong passion was controlled by his stronger mind.
Having thus a perfect command of himself, he could
rely on the full exertion of his powers, in whatever
direction he might order them to act. He was there
fore clear, decided and unembarrassed by any consid
eration of himself. Such consideration did not even
dare to intrude on his reflections. Hence it was, that

138 eulogies.
he beheld not only the affairs that were passing around
him, but those also in which he was personally engaged,
with the coolness of an unconcerned spectator. They
were to him as events historically recorded. His judg
ment was always clear, because his mind was pure.
And seldom, if ever, will a sound understanding be
met with in the company of a corrupt heart.
In the strength of judgment lay, indeed, one chief
excellence of his character. Leaving to feebler minds
that splendor of genius, which, while it enlightens
others, too often dazzles the .possessor; he knew how
best to use the rays which genius might emit, and
carry into act its best conceptions.
So modest, he wished not to attract attention, but
observed in . silence, and saw deep into the human
heart. Of a thousand propositions he knew to dis
tinguish the best ; and to select among a thousand the
man most fitted for his purpose. If ever he was
deceived in his choice, it was by circumstances of
social feeling which did honor to his heart. Should it,
therefore, in the review of his conduct, appear that he
was merely not iufallible, the few errors which fell to
his lot, as a man, will claim the affections of his fellow
men. Pleased with the rare, but graceful weakness,
they will admire that elevation of soul, which, superior
to resentment, gave honor and power, with liberal
hand, to those by whom he had been offended. Not
to conciliate a regard, which, if it be venal, is worth '
no price; but to draw forth in your service the exer-

eulogies. 139
cise of talents, which he could duly estimate, in spite
of incidents by which a weaker mind would have been
thrown from its bias.
In him were the courage of a soldier, the intrepidity
of a chief, the fortitude of a hero. He had given to
the impulsions of bravery all the calmness of his
charaeter, and, if in the moment of danger, his man
ner was distinguishable from that of common life, it
was by superior ease and grace.
To each desire he had taught the lessons of mode
ration. Prudence became therefore the companion of
his life. Never in the public, never in the private
hour, did she abandon him even for a moment. And,
if in the small circle, where he might safely think
aloud, she should have slumbered amid convivial joy,
his quick sense of what was just, and decent, and fit,
stood ever ready to awaken her at the slightest alarm.
Knowing how to appreciate the World, its gifts and
glories, he was truly wise. Wise also in selecting the
objects. of his pursuit. .And wise in adopting just
means to compass honorable ends.
Bound by the sacred ties of wedded love, his high
example strengthened the tone of public manners.
Beloved, almost adored by the amiable partner of his
toils and dangers, who shared with him the anxieties
of public life, and sweetened the shade of retirement,
no fruit was granted to their union. No child to catch
with pious tenderness the falling tear, and soothe the
anguish of connubial affection. No living image
19

140 EULOGIES.
remains to her of his virtues, and she must seek them
sorrowing in the grave. Who shall arraign, 0 God !
thy high decree? Was it in displeasure, that to the
father of his country thou hast denied a son ? Was it
in mercy, lest the paternal virtues should have tri
umphed (during some frail moment) in the patriot
bosom! Americans! he had no child — but you, —
and HE WAS ALL YOUR , OWN.
Let. envy come forward if she dare, and seek some
darkened spot in this sun of our glory. From the
black catalogue of crimes envy herself must speak
him free. Had he (a mortal) the failings attached to
man ? Was he the slave of avarice ? No. Wealth
was an object too mean for his regard. And yet
economy presided over his domestic concerns; for his
mind was too lofty to brook dependence. Was he
ambitious ? No. His spirit soared beyond ambition's
reach. He saw a crown high above all human gran
deur. He sought, he gained, and wore that crown.
Buthe had indeed one frailty — the weakness of great
minds. He was fond of fame, and had reared a col-
lossal reputation. It stood on the rock of his virtue.
This was dear to his heart. There was but one thing
dearer. He loved glory, but still more he loved his
country. That was the master passion, and, with
resistless might, it ruled his every thought, and word,
and deed.
We see him stepping, as it were from his cradle,
into the fields of glory, and meriting the public confi-

EULOGIES. 141
de.nce, at a period when others too often consume in
idleness the moments lent for instruction, or (in pur
suit of pleasure) waste their moral energies. While
yet his cheek was covered with the down of youth, he
had combined the character of an able negotiator with
that of a gallant soldier. Scarce had he given this
early pledge of future service, when he was called on
for the quick performance ; he accompanies to the
western wilds, Braddock, who, bred in camps of
European war, despised the savage. But soon en
trapped in the close ambush, military skill becomes of
no avail. The leaders, selected by unerring aim, first
fall — the troops lie thick in slaughtered heaps, the
victims of an invisible foe. Washington, whose warn
ings had been neglected,- still gives the aid of salutary
counsel to his ill-fated chief, and urges it with all tbe
grace of eloquence, and all the force of conviction.
A form so manly draws the attention of the savage,
and is doomed to perish. The murdering instruments
are levelled ; the quick bolts fly winged with death,
and pierce his garments ; but, obedient to the sovereign
will, they dare not shed his blood. Braddock falls at
his feet ; and the youthful hero covers with his brave
Virginians, the retreat of Britons, not less brave, but
surprised by unusual war.
These bands of brothers were soon to stand in hos
tile opposition. Such was the decree of Him to whom
are present all the revolutions of time and empire.
When no hope remained but in the field of blood,

142 EULOGIES.
Washington was called on by his country to lead her
armies. In modest doubt of his own ability, he sub
mitted with reluctance to the necessity of becoming
her chief; and took on him the weight, the care and
the anguish of a civil war. Ambition would have-
tasted here the sweets of power, and drunk deep of
intoxicating draughts, but to the patriot, these sweets
are bitterness.
Industrious, patient, persevering, he remained at the;
head of citizens scarcely armed; and, sparing of blood,
by skill, rather than by force, compelled his foe to
seek a more favorable theatre of war. And now all
hope of union lost, America (by her declaration of
independence) cut the last slender thread of connexion.
She "had hitherto been, successful; but was soon
shaken by adverse storms. The council of her chief
had been neglected. His army had been raised by
annual enlistment. The poor remnant of accumulated
defeat, retreating before an enemy flushed with success,
and confident in all superiority, looked with impatience
to the approaching term of service. The prospect
was on all sides gloomy ; and sunshine friends* (turning
their, halcyon beaks to fairer skies) sought shelter from
the storm. But though betrayed by fortune, his calm
and steady mind remained true to itself. Winter had
closed the campaign. Solacing in the enjoyment of
wdiat their arms had acquired, the victors tasted
pleasure unalloyed by the dread of danger. They
were sheltered behind one of the broad barriers of

EUE0GIES. 143
nature, and, safely housed, beheld upon its farther
shore, a feeble adversary, exposed beneath the canopy
of heaven . to the rigors of an unpityihg season. It
was hoped that, their term of enlistment expired, the
American troops would disperse ; and the chief, in
despair, throw up his command. Such was the reason
ing, and such reasoning would, in ordinary cases, have
been conclusive. But that chief was Washington !
He shows to his gallant comrades the danger of their
country, and asks the aid of patriotic service. At his.
voice their hearts beat high. In vain the raging Dela
ware, vextwith the wintry blast, forbids their march.
In vain he rolls along his. rocky bed, a frozen torrent,
whose ponderous mass threatens to sweep the soldier
from his uncertain footstep, and bear him down the
flood ! In vain the beating snow adds to the danger
ous ford a darkened horror ! Difficulties and dangers
animate the brave. His little band is arrived ; Wash
ington is within the walls — the enemy is subdued!
Fortune now smiles ; but who can trust to that fal
lacious smile ? Preparations are already made to
punish the American leader for his adventurous hardi
hood. And now he sees, stretched out before him in
wide array, a force so great that in the battle there is
no hope. Behind him the impassible stream cuts off
retreat. Already from his brazen throat the cannon
gives loud summons to the field. But the setting sun
leaves yet a dreary night to brood over approaching
ruin. The earth is * shrouded in the veil of dark-

144 EULOGIES.
ness ; and now the illustrious chief takes up his
silent march, and in wide circuit leads his little, band
around the unwary foe. At the dawn, his military
thunders tell them their reserve posted far in the
reai-; is in the pounces of the American eagle. They
hasten back to revenge ; but he has already secured
his advantage, and (by a well chosen position) confines
them to inglorious repose. The armies now rest from
their toil. But for him there is no rest. His follow
ers claim the double right of returning to their homes,
and he stands almost all alone. He dares not ask for
aid, lest the enemy, emboldened by the acknowledg
ment of weakness, should dissipate his shadow of an
army. Nothing remains but to intimidate- by the
appearance of. a force, which does not exist; and hide
from his own troops their great inferiority. Both arc
effected by skill rarely equalled — ¦ never excelled.
Scarce hath the advancing season brought forward
a few recruits when he begins offensive operations.
His enemy, foiled in each attempt to advance, is com
pelled to ask from the ocean some safer road to con
quest. The propitious deep receives on his broad
bosom the invading host, and bids his obedient billows
bear them to some shore, where they may join the
advantage of surprise with those of number, disci
pline and appointments. The hope is vain ! Wash
ington had penetrated their views, and stands before
them! He is unfortunate. Defeated, not subdued- —
he leads on again to. new attack. The half-gained

EULOGIES. 145
victory, snatched from his grasp, at the head of an
inferior, twice beaten army, he passes the long winter
in an open field, within one day's march of his foe.
Here he was doomed to new difficulties, and dan
gers unknown before. Faction had reared (in the
American councils) her accursed head, and labored
to remove him from the command. That measure
would at once have disbanded his affectionate troops
— the country around them was exhausted. He had
no means to clothe or feed his army — none to change
their position. Many perished — each day the num
bers were alarmingly diminished, and reinforcement
was dangerous, because it might increase the famine.
Under these circumstances, a new system of organiza
tion and discipline was to be formed, introduced and
enforced, while the soldier could seldom obtain even
his poor pittance of depreciated paper.
 " Who then hath«een
The gallant leader of that ruined band,
Let Mm cry praise and glory on his head."
It was in the solitary walk of night — it was in the-
bosom of friendship that he could alone unburthen
himself, of the vast woe which weighed upon his
heart. Here was indeed no common or vulgar care.
Honor — liberty — his country,— stood on the danger
ous margin ¦ of uncertain fate, and no human eye
could pierce the dark cloud which hung upon futurity.
From this black night of gloomy apprehension,
broke forth the sun of golden, glorious, hope I — A
mighty monarch had connected his fortunes with those

146 EULOGIES.
of America. In her defence the flag of France was
unfurled, and gratitude hailed the sixteenth Louis,
protector of the rights of mankind. His powerful
interference took off from what remained of the war,
all reasonable doubt as to the final event. After a
varied scene of adverse and prosperous circumstances,
that event varied, and a solemn treaty acknowledged
your independence.
Great was the joy and high the general expecta
tion, for the political state of America was not duly
considered. Her band of federal union had been
woven by the hand of distrust. The different states
had been held together, in no small degree, by the
external pressure of war. That pressure removed,
they might fall asunder. There existed various causes
of discontent, which the intrigues of European policy
might ripen into disgust.- Those who shared in the
public counsels were filled, therefore, with deep
apprehension. The army, taught by years of painful
experience, became a prey to sinister forebodings.
Connected by the endearing ties of soldierly brother
hood, these gallant sons of freedom anticipated with
horror the moment when they might be called on to
unsheath their swords against each other ; and pour,
in impious libation, the purest of their blood upon the
altars of civil war. Some of the more ardent spirits,
smarting from the past, and fearing fqr the future, had
formed a wish, that the army might be kept together,
and (by its appearance) accelerate the adoption of an

EULOGIES. 147
efficient government. The sentiment was patriotic —
the plan of doubtful complexion — the success uncer
tain — but the prospect was fair if the chief could be
engaged. He knew their wrongs ! He knew their worth ! He
felt their apprehensions ! They had strong claims
upon ' him, and those claims w^ere strongly urged.
Supreme power, with meretricious charms, courted
his embrace ; and was clothed, to seduce him, in the
robes of justice. If, therefore, ambition had possessed
a single corner of his heart, he might have deliberated.
But he was ever loyal. He bid a last adieu to the
companions of his glory, and laid all his laurels at the
feet of his country !
His fame was now complete, and it was permitted
him to hope for ease in. dignified retirement. Vain
hope! The defects ofthe federal compact are soon
too deeply felt not to be generally acknowledged.
America directs a revision by persons of her choice.
He is their president. It is a question, previous to
the first meeting, what course shall be pursued. Men
of decided temper, who, devoted to the public, over
looked prudential considerations, thought a form of ¦
government should be framed entirely new. But
cautious nien, with whom popularity was an object,
deemed it fit to consult and comply with the wishes
of the people. Americans ! let the opinion then
delivered by the greatest and best of men, be ever
present to your remembrance. He was collected
20

148 EULOGIES.
within himself. His countenance had more than
usual solemnity. His eye was fixed, and seemed to
look into futurity. "It is (said he) too probable that
no plan we propose will be adopted. Perhaps another,
dreadful conflict is to be sustained. If, to please the
people, we offer what we ourselves disapprove, how
can we afterwards defend our work ? Let us raise a
standard to which the wise and the honest can repair.
The event is in the hand of God." This was the
patriot voice of Washington; and this the constant
tenor of his conduct. With this deep sense of duty,
he gave to our constitution his cordial assent; and
has added the fame of a legislator to that of a hero.
Again, in the shade of retirement, he seeks repose ;
but is called, by unanimous voice, to be the first mag
istrate of the United States. Scarce are the wheels
of government in motion, when he is struck by the
view of that enormous revolution which still torments
and terrifies the earth. The flames of war were
spread throughout Europe, and threatened to waste
the globe. The delegated incendiaries found America
filled with inflammable matter. All the bad passions,
with some that were good, stimulated her to engage
in the contest. But the president, still calm, discern
ing, and true to your truest interest, proclaimed,
observed, and maintained an exact neutrality. In
vain was he assailed from abroad-: in vain solicited,
excited, urged, by those around him. He stood
immovable ! Vain also were the clamors of mistaken

EULOGIES. 149
zeal, the dark efforts of insidious faction, and- the
foul voice of mercenary slander. You have all lately
seen his firm administration, and all now enjoy the
rich result of his inflexible wisdom.
Though he still turned with fond desire towards
his domestic shade, he never left the helm during the
fury of the storm, but remained till he had the well
founded expectation that America might enjoy peace,
freedom, and safety — and then at last he claims the
-right. of age. A venerable veteran, in all honorable
service, having consecrated to his country the spirit
of youth, the strength of manhood, and the ripe
experience of laborious years, he asks repose. His
body broken with toil must rest. No — he is called
forth again — again must he gird on his sword and
prepare for the battle ! And see ! fresh in renewed
vigor, he decks his hoary head with nodding plumes of
war, and mounts the barbed steed. With countenance
erect and firm, his eagle eye measures the lengthened
file. Wonderful man ! he seems immortal. Oh no
— no — no, this our pride, our glory, in gone — he is
gone forever.
But yet his spirit liveth. Hail! happy shade — the
broad shield of death is thrown before thy fame.
Never shall the polluted breath of slander blow upon
thine ashes. We will watch with pious care the lau
rels which shade thy urn, and wear thy name engraven
on our hearts. Oh ! yet protect thy country ! Save

150 EULOGIES.
her ! She is an orphan — her father is mingled with
the dust.
No ! he liveth — he shall live forever ! And when
the latest of your children's children, shall pronounce
his dear, his sacred name, their eyes shall be suffused
with the tear of gratitude and love.

Oration upon the death of General George Washington,
delivered by Captain Samuel White, of the 11th regiment,
to theUnion Brigade, consisting of the 11th, 12th and
13th regiments, near Scotch Plains, New-Jersey.
Friends and- Fellow-soldiers ;
The honor of addressing you on this occasion was
by me unsought for: whilst I acknowledge the com
pliment, I am ready to shrink from the responsibility
of the task, and with extreme diffidence solicit, for a
few moments, your attention and indulgence, while I
attempt to discharge the important duty assigned me.
To commemorate the birth;, and pay a just tribute
of respect to the memory of our late illustrious and
beloved commander ; and in obedience to the orders of
the president of the United States, " to testify publicly

1 The troops before whom this oration was delivered, formed a
part of the provisional army raised in 1798-9, to meet the threat
ened dimculties with France, and disbanded in June, 1800, under an act
of May 14th of that year. Captain White was commissioned from
Delaware, January 7, 1799, and was disbanded with the provisional
forces in the summer of 1810. In March, 1801, he appeared in the
federal senate, and he continued to represent the state of Delaware
in that body until his death which occurred at Wilmington, in October,
1809.

eulogies. 151
our grief for the death of General George Washing
ton," you are now assembled. This so often wel
comed as the natal clay of the greatest, and the best
of men, since the establishment of American Inde
pendence, never before returned without gladdening
every heart ; — but, alas ! — how changed the scene ?
The solemnity of our martial music, — your pensive
and dejected countenances ; declare that it is not as
usual the anniversary of festivity and joy, but a day of
sadness and of melancholy.
I am not conversant in the style of panegyric, and
only aspire to address you in the plain, unvarnished
language of a soldier. Our country at this moment
presents the novel spectacle of an orphan republic,
mourning -the loss of a departed- father. Washing
ton, the illustrious Washington — formed in the pro
fusion of nature, and given to earth for universal
good ; in whom all worth and virtue were united ; so
lately .the living object of your esteem and love, rests
now in the silent tomb, and has passed from time to
eternity— has exchanged for a state more congenial
to his exalted mind. In this exchange the great
society of man has sustained a loss. To you, fellow
soldiers, and to your country, it seems almost irrepar
able. Where I here to indulge my feelings, I should
pause, and leave to some abler friend the discharge of
this arduous duty. To become the eulogist of a Wash
ington requires a glow of fancy, a fertility of genius,
an expanded range of thought, and powers of elocu-

152 EULOGIES.
tion that I am conscious I do not possess — language
is too weak to do ample justice to his memory ; but I
flatter myself his venerable shade will not revolt at the
humble testimonies of a soldier's grief. Alike regret
ted by all, the. soldier and the citizen unite to mingle
their sorrows together, and nobly vie with each other
in the evidences of their affection. Wheresoever
your eyes are turned, whatever hour of your lives is
retraced, presents you with some new remembrances
of Washington, your father and your friend. The
freedom you enjoy ; the wisely constructed fabric
of your government, are his lasting monuments of
worth and patriotism.
When the insolence of power, aided by proud
ambition, presented its hideous front, when tame
submission to the iron rod of despotism, or resistance,
apparently desperate, was the only alternative, then
flamed the patriot's spirit high. Washington, roused
to -vengeance by his country's wrongs, stood boldly
forth the champion of her rights, and rendered to the
cause of liberty the most essential service, in times of
its greatest peril. In days that tried men's souls,
when danger and death were at the door, and difficul
ties pressed on every side; Washington, born to
command, to "ride in the whirlwind and direct the
storm," discovered to the astonished world, that in
the wilds of America had been reared a hero, to
eclipse in glory the Alexanders of Greece, the Caesars
of Rome and the Hamdens of Britain — unrivalled

EULOGIES. 153
in talents, and equal to the mighty task of working
the salvation of his country.
Recur, my fellow soldiers, to the winter of 1776 ;
an sera ever memorable in the annals of America;
when this s,tate, nay the very site of this cantonment,
was the theatre of his military honors; when, from
the summit of yonder lofty mountain1 he often recon-
noitered the position, and viewed the manoeuvres of
the invading foe. This, fellow soldiers, was the most
trying time your country ever knew. The smothered
flame of patriotism was near expiring ; dismay had
seized some of the stoutest hearts, and a brave people,
despairing of success, were ready to sink under
increasing misfortunes and yield to their hard fate.
Such, before the battle of Trenton, was the lowering
- aspect of affairs ; when in one night the brave, the
gallant Washington, ever vigilant and prompt at
expedients in moments of the greatest adversity, — by
his distinguished generalship, changed the whole
aspect of the war and rescued his country from
impending ruin. By this success, and the train of
victories that followed, and resulted from it, he
cheered the drooping spirits of his countrymen and
infused new life and vigor into the cause of liberty.
I cite this only as the great crisis of the war : to reca-
xThe cantonment was immediately at the foot of the South Moun
tain, on the summit of which is a rock called "Washington's
Rock," from the circumstance of the general's frequently resorting
there to view the enemy, particularly during the battle of Short-
kills.

154 EULOGIES.
pitulate the splendid feats, the hard fought battles
and prominent exploits of Washington to you who
know them, would be superfluous, and swell this
address beyond its proper limits. Contending against
superior force, experienced generals, and troops inured
to the hardships of the field; he surmounted every
obstacle, triumphant over an enemy that had proudly
affected to despise his efforts, and settled permanently
the liberties you now enjoy. — Heaven grant they may
be sacredly guarded" and transmitted as pure as they
have been given !" Had this unfortunately been the
period of his life; had the establishment of Ameri
can independence terminated the brilliant career of
this great man, even then would his glory have been
complete ; and the transcendant fame of Washington,
foiling the' scythe of time itself been sounded to
latest posterity; — but happily for you, my fellow-
soldiers, — for your conntry and for the world, he was
preserved to still the tempest, and put in a train of
constitutional execution, what heaven had so wisely
planned; to moderate the licentious spirit of revolu
tion, — to bring order out of confusion, and to teach
man true and rational liberty — was the task assigned
to him — a task worthy the noble instrument,
When the great purposes of the revolution were
accomplished, — peace and tranquility restored to our
land, and every man could enjoy secure under his own
vine and his own fig tree the fruits of his labor; then,
and not till then, did Washington retire from the active

eulogies. 155
scenes that had so long employed him, seek, in the
calm retreats of Mount Vernon, and bosom of his
family, rest from his toils.
Then, fellow-soldiers, was presented to the world an
instance of unprecedented patriotism ; a victorious
genera], the idol of his army — resigning unlimited
power, and returning again into the mass of his
fellow-citizens — rewarded only for his. invaluable
services by the plaudits of" his own mind, and the
blessings of his countrymen. But his day. of retire
ment had not yet arrived; his. country again soon
needed the auspicious care of a Washington. The
constitution of these states, formed by the collected
wisdom of America, required his fostering hand to
support, and guard its tottering, infancy. To -fill the
presidential chair, and set in motion the vast.'machin-
ery of a new and untried government, all hearts and
voices were united in Washington. Called by the
unanimous suffrages of his countrymen, to this peril
ous and difficult station ; his private interest, and all
the blessings that fortune and domestic happiness
could yield,- when weighed against the wishes of his
fellow-citizens, and welfare of his country, sunk, and
were forgotten. ¦ Relinquishing all other pursuits, he
again embarked in the public service; nobly jeopard
izing, for the public good, on the tempestuous sea of
politics, his unbounded popularity acquired in the
field of arms...
Accompany me for a moment, my fellow-soldiers,
21

156 EULOGIES.
to the clays of his administration; they are now
passing into the abyss of time ; but will forever be
remembered. Had it not been for the wise policy,
the foresight, and firmness of Washington, these
states would now, no doubt, have been sharing in the
miseries of Europe ; sunk in all the horrors of a
revolution, and groaning under the calamities, that
laid Avaste the fairest portion of the Avorld. None but
Washington, whose wisdom and virtue in the cabinet
was equal to his bravery and conduct in the field,
could have averted the gathering storm. Ever con
stant and faithful in the service of his country;
unmoved by the tumults of faction, or clamours of
party, he sought, with undeviating steps, the public
good — supported the honor of the government —
defended the constitution sacred from the Jacobin's
unhallowed touch, and preserved for you the freedom
you now enjoy. When the sparks- of liberty were
kindling in France, and all Europe stood gazing in
anxious expectations to behold the event: Washing
ton was among the first to discover from the fury of
the blaze, that, unless watched and guarded against,
it Avould envelope the universe in flames. Hence his
proclamation of neutrality, and the defensive meas
ures of his administration that followed — measures
planned with more than human wisdom — measures
that defied the proud ambitious views of England, and
all the vile insidious arts of France. Equal to every
emergency at once, whilst engaged in the great and

EULOGIES. 157
national concerns of Europe, he enforced submission
to the laws at home ; the hideous spectre of insur
rection at his approach concealed its execrable head ;
— the name of Washington a host — his very appear
ance reduced to order and obedience the. deluded
multitude, and compelled; the wretches who had
seduced them from their duty, to sue for mercy at the
feet of justice.
At" length, grown -grey in the public service-, he.
once more determined' to seek, in- the peaceful
retreafs of private life, the repose and comfort his
declining years*- required. This was an occasion, fel
low-soldiers, you all remember, an occasion that inter
ested the heart of every patriot, that' touehed the sensi
bility of every honest American — the manner of his
retiring — his affectionate farewell address; to .'his fel
low citizen, endeared him still the more, and rendered
the parting less supportable. But the' day was fast
approaching when he should again stretch forth the
hand of assistance — his country had yet further
claims upon his patriotism.
When the wanton and continued aggressions of the.
French nation threatened to. involve these states in a
war, all exulted tha,t we had. yet a Washington; and
accustomed to view„him as an. invincible. chief, and
sure defence, against .every danger, he was again
resorted to, and once more determined to unsheath
his sword, and lead the; armies of his country : you,
my fellow-soldiers, are a part of those armies' — yes,

158 EULOGIES.
you, though young, have had the honor of being
commanded by the founder of your liberties, and
father of your country. — Such was the greatest and
the best of men — such the illustrious Washington —
such the man whose fame outstrips the fleeting winds :
but he is now no more ; — heaven has been pleased to
terminate a life glorious beyond example, and useful
as it was glorious. Here let me pause for a moment :
view, my companions, the picture thus faintly colored.
and imitate the grand original. -
Are ye eager then, fellow-soldiers, to live in the
voice and memory, of men ? Be patriots. Are ye
ambition to shine forever bright in the annals of fame ?
Be patriots. Patriotism is the focal point where all
the dazzling virtues center, and blaze with unextin-
guishable lustre.
Is there a man so dead to the emotions of bcnovo-
lence as not to feel a congratulating glow of soul when
his country is crowned with success ? Is there a man,
even in these degenerate days, AA'ho does not in fancy
hurl the Syllas, the Caesars of the world, from their
baneful preeminence; to chastize minion time-serving
politicians; designing, ambitious demagogues, or over
grown haughty despots? When slavery clanks her
chains — when danger threatens — when we are called
together associated in arms for our country's good —
"what bosom beats not in "that countrv's cause!"
" Methinks resentment and indignation would make
the coward brave, and every man a patriot, — but not
so, fellow-soldiers.

eulogies. 159
Posterity will hardly credit the tale — posterity will
incline to think it an historical fiction, or a legendary
fable; — but there are men at the present day; — I
speak it with grief, — with indignation I speak it; —
who, whilst the friends of this eountry are endeavor
ing, by iiegociation, and measures of defence, to ward
of the threatened attacks of a foreign nation and to
preserve the independence of your country;— use
every means in their power to weaken the govern
ment — invite the insulting enemy to acts of hostility,
and seek to reduce this free people under a foreign
yoke. Persons of such base and sordid spirits deserve
not to be freemen — they disgrace their privileges —
they live despised; happy could they die unknown.
That we are and ought to be free, the voice of nature
rings in our ears — that we can and shall live free
depends solely upon ourselves : live patriots, .my fel-
loAV-soldiers, and you will die freemen. For,
The man resolv'd and stead to his trust,
Inflexible to ill, and obstinately just,
May the rude rabble's'insolence despise,
Their senseless clamors, their tumultuous cries ;
The tyrant's fierceness he beguiles,
And with superior greatness smiles.
Not the rough whirlwind that deforms
Adria's black gulf, and vexes it Avith storms ;
The stubborn virtues of his soul can move ;
Not the red arm of angry Jove,
That hurls the thunder from the sky,

160 eulogies.
And gives it rage to roar, and strength to fly.
Should the whole frame of nature round him break
In ruin and confusion hurl'cl,
He unconcern'd would hear the mighty crack,
And stand secure amidst a falling world."
A Funeral Oration on General Washington, delivered
February 22, 1800, by appointment of a number of the
Clergy of Neio.'York, by JohnM. Mason, A. M., Pas
tor of the Associate Reformed Church in the City of New
York.1 * * * Qua te tarn lseta tulerunt
Ssecula ? Oui tanti talem genuere parentes ?
In freta dum fluvii current, dum montibus umbraa
Lustrabunt conv-exa, polus dum sidera pascet,
Semper honos, nomenque tuum,-laudesque manebunt. — Virg.
Felloav-Citizens :
The offices of this day belong less to eloquence than
to grief. We celebrate one of those great events,
which, by uniting public calamity with private
affliction, create in every bosom a response to the throes
of an empire. God, who doeth wonders, Avhose ways
must be adored, but not questioned, in severing from
the embraces of America her first beloved patriot, has

1Dr. Mason was at this time pastor, of a. church in Cedar street, N.
Y. In 1804 he was appointed a professor of Theology, and retained
this office until his' health declined. In 1812, he became pastor of an
Associate Reformed church in Murray street, and from 1811 to 1816
has the provost of Columbia College. He was subsequently for three
years president of : Dickinson College in Pennsylvania* when he
returned to New York, and lingered out the rest. of life a paralytic
and a shadow of what he' once "was until his death which occurred
December 27, 1829, at the age of fifty-nine years.

EULOGIES. 161
imposed on her the duty of blending impassioned
feeling with profound and . unmurmuring submission .
An assembled nation, . lamenting a father in' their
departed chief ; absorbing every; inferior consideration-
in the sentiment of their common loss.; -mihglirigltheif
recollections and their anticipation's ; their! wishes,
their regrets, their sympathies, and. their" tears, is ,a
spectacle, not more tender, than awful, and excites
emotions too mighty for utterance. I should. have. no
right to complain, Americans, 'if, instead of indulging
me with your attention, .you should command me to
retire, and leave youto weep in the silence of woe. , -I
should deserve the reprimand,' were I to appear before
you with the pretensions of eulogy. No! eulogy, has
mistaken her province and her. powers, when she
assumes for her theme .the glory, of Washington.
His deeds and his. virtues are his high eulogium. . His
deeds most familiar to your memories, his virtues
most dear to your affections.: To me, therefore, noth
ing is permitted but to borrow from yourselves. . And
though a pencil more daring than mine would languish
in attempting to retrace '. the living lines which the
finger; of truth has drawn. upon. your hearts, you .will-
bear with me, while on a subject which dignifies every
thing ^related to it, '-I tell you that which you your
selves do know-"
The name of Washington, connected with all' that
is most brilliant in the history of our country, and "in
human character, awakens sensations which agitate

162 EULOGIES.
the fervours of youth, and warm the chill bosom of
age. Transported to the times when America rose to
repel her wrongs, and to claim her destinies, a scene of
-boundless grandeur bursts upon our view. Long had
her filial duty expostulated with parental injustice.
Long did she deprecate the rupture of those ties
which she had been proud of preserving and display
ing. But her humble . entreaty spurned; aggression
followed by the rod, and the rod by scorpions, having
changed remonstrance into murmur, and murmur into
resistance, she transfers her grievances from the throne
of earth to the throne of heaven ; and precedes by an
appeal to the God of judgment, her appeal to the sword
of war.
At issue now with. the mistress. of the seas; unfur
nished with equal means of defence ; the convulsive
shock . approaching ; and every evil omen passing
before her, one step of rashness or of folly may seal
her doom. In this accumulation of trouble, who shall
command her confidence, and' face her dangers, and
conduct her cause'? God, whose kingdom ruleth over
all, prepares from, afar the. instruments best adapted
to his purpose. By an influence which it would be as
irrational to dispute as it is vain to scrutinize, he stirs
up the spirit of the statesman and the soldier. Minds
on which he has bestowed the elements of greatness,
are brought, by his providence, into- contact with
exigencies which rouse them into action. It is in the
season of effort and of peril that impotence disappears,

EULOGIES. 163
and energy arises. The whirlwind AA7hich sweeps away
the gloAv-worm, uncovers the fire of genius, and kin
dles it info a blaze, that irradiates at once both the
zenith and the poles.
But among the heroes who sprung from obscurity,
when the college, the counting-house, and the plough
teemed with "thunderbolts of war," none could, in
all respects, meet the wants and the wishes of Amer
ica. She required, in her leader, a man reared under
her own eye ; Avho combined with distinguished talent,
a character above suspicion; who had added to his
physical and moral qualities the experience of difficult
service ; a man, who should concentrate in himself
the public affections and confidences ; who should
know hoAvto multiply the energies of every other man
under his directiou, and to make disaster itself the
means of success — his arm a fortress and his name a
host. Such a man it were almost presumption to
expect; but such a man all- ruling heaven had pro
vided, and that man was Washington.
Preeminent already in worth, he is summoned to
the preeminence of toil and of clanger. Unallured by
the charms of opulence; unappalled by the hazard of
a dubious warfare ; unmoved by the prospect of being,
in the event of failure, the first and most conspicuous
victim, he obeys the summons, because he loves his
duty. The resolve is firm, for the probation is terrible.
His theatre is a world ; his charge, a family of nations ; N
the interest staked in his hands, the prosperity of mil-
22

164 EULOGIES.
lions. unborn in ages to come. His means, under aid
from on high, the resources of his own breast, Avith
the raw recruits and irregular supplies of distracted
colonies. 0 crisis worthy of such a hero ! Followed
by her little bands, her prayers and her tears, Wash
ington espouses the quarrel of his country. As he
moves on to the conflict, every heart palpitates, and
every knee trembles. The foe, alike valiant and vete
ran, presents no easy conquest, nor aught inviting but
to those avIio had consecrated their blood to the public
Aveal. The Omnipotent, Avho allots great enjoyment
as the meed of great exertion, had ordained that
America should be free ; but that she should learn to
value the blessing by the price of its acquisition.
She shall go to a "wealthy place," but her way is
" through fire and through water." Many a generous
chief must bleed, and many a gallant youth sink, at
his side, into the surprised grave ; the field must be
heaped with slain; the purple torrent must roll, ere
the angel of peace descend with his olive. It is here,
amid devastation and horror, and death, that Wash
ington must reap his laurels, and engrave his trophies
on the shields of immortality. Shall DelaAvare and
Princeton ?• shall Monmouth and York? — but I may
not particularize; far less repeat the tale Avhich babes
recite, which poets sing, and fame has published to
a listening world. Every scene of his action was a
scene of his triumph. Now, lie saved the' republic by
more than Fabian caution; now, he avenged her by

eulogies. 165
more than Carthagenian fierceness. While, at every
stroke, her forests and her hills reechoed to her shout,
" the -sword of the Lord and of Washington!" Nor
was this the vain applause of partiality and enthusi
asm. The blasted schemes of Britain; her broken
andher captive hosts, proclaimed the terror of his arms.
Skilled were her chiefs, and brave her legions ; but
bravery and skill rendered them a conquest more
Avorthy of Washington. True, he suffered, in his
turn, repulse and even" defeat. It was both natural
and needful.- "Ohchequered with reverse, his story
would have resembled rather the fictions of romance,
than the truth of narrative : and had he been neither
defeated nor repulsed, we had never seen all the gran
deur of his soul. He arrayed himself in fresh honors
by that which ruins even the great — vicissitude. He
'could not only subdue an enemy, but, what is infinitely
more, he could subdue misfortune. With an. equa
nimity AA'hich gave temperance to victory, and cheer
fulness to disaster, he balanced the fortunes of the
.state. In the face of hostile prowess; in the midst of
mutiny and treason; surrounded with astonishment,
irresolution and despondence, Washington remained
erect, unmoved, invincible. "Whatever ills America
might endure in maintaining her rights, she exulted
that she had nothing to fear from her commander-in-
chief. The event justified her most sanguine presages.
That invisible hand Avhich girded him at first, con
tinued to guard and to guide him through the success-

166 eulogies.
ive stages ot the revolution. Nor did he account it
a weakness to bend the knee in homage to its suprem
acy, and prayer for its direction. This was the armor
of Washington : this the salvation of his country.1
The hope of her reduction at length abandoned ;
her war of liberty brought, in the establishment of
independence, to that honorable conclusion for which
it had been undertaken, the hour arrived when he was
to resign the trust which he had accepted with diffi
dence. To a mind less pure and elevated, the situation
of America would have furnished the pretext, as Avell
as the means, of military usurpation. Talents equal
to daring enterprise ; the derangement of public affairs ;
unbounded popularity; and the devotion of a suffering
army, would have been to every other a strong, and to
almost any other, an irresistible temptation. In Wash
ington they did not produce even the pain of self-
denial. They added the last proof of his disinterest
edness ; and imposed on his country the last obligation
to gratitude. Impenetrable by corrupting influence ;
deaf to honest but erring solicitation; irreconciliable
with every disloyal sentiment, he urged the necessity
and set the example of laying down, iu peace, arms
assumed for the common defence.2 But to separate
1 Morris's Oration.
2 The example of Washington teaches a poignant reproof to those
Avho think, or act as if they thought, that religion is incompatible
with greatness. The majesty of his character forbids a suspicion that
his reverence for the worship of G-od, and his solicitude for the preva
lence of religious principle, were either a tribute to prejudice, or a

EULOGIES. 167
from the companions of his danger and his glory, was,
even for Washington, a difficult task. About to leave
them forever, a thousand sensations rushed upon his
heart, and all the soldier melted in the man. He who
has no tenderness, has no magnanimity. Washington
could vanquish, and Washington could weep. Never
was affection more cordially reciprocated. The grasped
hand; the silent anguish; the. spontaneous trickling
down the scarred cheek ;' the Avistful look as he passed,
after the warrior who should never again point their
way to victory, — form a scene for nature's painter,
and for nature's bard.
But we must not lose, in our sensibility, the remem
brance of his penetration, his prudence, his regard of
public honor, and of public faith. Abhorring out
rage; jealous for the reputation, and dreading the
excesses, of even a gallant army, flushed with conquest,
prompted by- incendiaries, and sheltered by a sem
blance of right, his last act of authority is to dismiss
them to their homes without entering the capital.
Accompanied with a handful of troops, he repairs to
the council of the states, and, through them, surrenders
to his country the sword which he had drawn in her
defence. Singular phenomenon ! Washington be
comes a private citizen. He exchanges supreme com
mand for the tranquility of domestic life. Go, incom-

stratagem of state. But every possible doubt is removed by the fact
that it was his uniform practice, even during the war, to retire, at a
certain hour, for the devotion of the closet.

168 EULOGIES.
parable man ! to adorn no less the" civic virtues, than
the splendid achievements of the field : Go, rich in
the consciousness of thy high deserts ; Go, Avith the
admiration of the world, -with the plaudit of millions,
and the orisons of millions more for thy temporal and
thine eternal bliss!
The glory of Washington seemed now complete.
While the universal voice proclaimed that he might
decline, Avith honor, every future burden, it was a wish
and an opinion almost as universal, that he would not
jeopardize the fame which he had so nobly won. Had
personal considerations swayed his mind, this would
have been his own decision. But, untutored in the
philosophism of the age, he had not learned to sepa
rate the maxims of Avisdom from the injunctions of
duty. His soul was not debased by that moral coav-
ardice Avhich fears to risk popularity for the general
good. Having assisted in the formation of an efficient
government Avhich he had refused to dictate or enforce
at the mouth of his cannon, he was ready to contribute
the weight of his character to insure its effect. And
his country rejoiced in an opportunity of testifying,
that, much as she loved and trusted others, she still
loved and trusted him most. Hailed, by her unani
mous suffrage, the pilot of the state, he approaches the
awful helm, and grasping it with equal firmness and
ease, demonstrates that forms of power cause no em
barrassment to him.
In so novel an experiment, as a nation framing a

EULOGIES. 169
government for herself under no impulse but that of
reason ; adopting it through no force but - the force of
conviction ; and putting it into operation without
bloodshed or violence, it Avas all-important that her first
magistrate should possess her unbounded good will.
Those elements of discord which lurked in the diver
sity of local interest ; in the collision of political
theories ; in the irritations of party ; in the disap
pointed or gratified ambition of individuals ; and
which, notwithstanding her graceful transition, threat
ened the harmony of America, it was for Washington
alone to control and repress. _ His tried integrity, his
ardent patriotism, were instead of a volume of argu
ments for the excellence of that system which he ap
proved and supported. Among the simple and honest
whom no artifice was omitted to ensnare, there were
thousands who knew little of the philosophy of govern
ment, and less of the nice machinery of the constitu
tion : but they knew that Washington was wise and
good ; they knewitWas impossible thathe shouldbetray
them ; and by this they were rescued from the fangs
of faction. Ages will not furnish so instructive a
comment on. that cardinal virtue of . republicans, con
fidence in the men of their choice ; nor a more salutary
antidote against the pestilential principle, than the soul
of a republic is jealousy. At the commencement of
her federal government, mistrust would have ruined
America; in confidence, she found her. safety.
The reappearance of Washington as a statesman,

170 EULOGIES.
excited the conjecture of the old.world, and the anxiety
of the neAV. His martial fame had fixed a criterion,
however inaccurate, of his civil administration. Mil
itary genius does neither confer nor imply political
ability. Whatever merit may be attached to the fac
ulty of arranging the principles, and prosecuting the
details, of an army, it must be conceded that vaster
comprehensions belong to the statesman. Ignorance,
vanity, the love of paradox, and the love of mischief,
affecting fo sneer at the "mystery of government,"
have, indeed, taught, that common sense and common
honesty are his only requisites. The nature of things
and the experience of every people, in every age, teach
a different doctrine. America had multitudes who
possessed both those qualities, but she had only one
Washington. To adjust, in the best compromise, a
thousand interfering views, so as to affect the greatest
good of the whole Avith the least inconvenience to the
parts ; to curb the dragon of faction by means which
insure the safety of public liberty; to marshal opinion
and prejudice among the auxiliaries of the law, in fine
to touch the mainspring of national agency, so as to
preserve the equipoise of its powers, and to make the
feeblest movements of the extremities accord with the
impulse at the centre, is only for genius of the highest
order. To excel equally in military and political sci
ence, has been the praise of a feAv chosen spirits, among
whom, with a proud preference, we enrol the father of
our country.

EULOGIES. 171
It was the fortune of Washington to direct trans
actions of which the repetition is hardly within the
limits of human possibilities. When he entered on
his first presidency, all the interests of the continent
Avere vibrating through the arch of political uncer
tainty. The departments of the new government
were to be marked out, and filled up ; foreign relations
to be regulated ; the physical and moral strength of
the nation to be organized ; and that at a time when
skepticism in politics, no less than in religion and
morals, was preparing, throughout Europe, to spring
the mine of revolution and ruin. In discharging his
first duties, that same intelligent, cautious, resolute
procedure, which had rendered him the bulwark of
Avar, now exhibited him as the guardian of peace.
Appropriation of talent to employment, is one of the
deep results of political sagacity. And in his selec
tion of men for office, Washington displayed a knoAv-
ledge of character and of business, a contempt of
favoritism, and a devotion to the public welfare, which
permitted the general to be rivalled only by the presi
dent. Under such auspices, the fruit and the pledge of
divine blessing, America rears her head, and recovers
her vigors. Agriculture laughs on the land: com
merce ploughs the wave ; peace rejoices her at home ;
and she grows into respect abroad. Ah ! too happy
to progress without interruption. The explosions of
Europe bring new vexations to her, and new trials and
23

172 eulogies.
new glories to her Washington. Vigilant and faith
ful, he hears the tempest roar from afar, warns her of
its approach, and prepares for averting its dangers.
Black are the heavens, and angry the billows, and
narrow and perilous the passage. But his composure,
dignity and firmness, are equal to the peril. Unse-
duced by fraud; unterrified by threat; unawed by
clamor, he. holds on his steady Avay, aud again he saves
his country. With less decision on the part of Wash
ington, a generous but mistaken ardor Avould have
plunged her into the whirlpool, and left her till this
hour the sport of the contending elements. Ameri
cans ! bow to that magnanimous policy, which pro
tected your dearest interests at the hazard of incurring
your displeasure. It was thus that Washington proved
himself, not in the cant of the day, but in the pro
curement of substantial good, in -stepping between
them and perdition, the servant of the people.
The historian of this period Avill have to record a
revolt raised by infatuation against the law of the
land.1 He will have to record the necessity which
compelled even Washington to suppress it by the
sword. But he will have to record also his gentleness
and his lenity. . Deeds of severity were his sad tribute
to justice: deeds of humanity the native suggestions
of his heart.
Eight years of glorious administration created a
claim on the indulgence of his country, which none
1 The insurrection in Pennsylvania in 1794.

eulogies. 178
could think of disputing, but which all lamented
should be urged. The ends which rendered his serv
ices indispensable being mostly attained, he demands
his restoration to private life. Resigning to an able
successor the reins which he had guided with charac
teristic felicity, he once more bids adieu to public
honors. Let not his motives be mistaken or forgotten.
It was for him to set as great examples in the relin
quishment, as in the acceptance of power. No mor
tified ambition ; no haughty disgust; no expectation
of higher office, prompted his retreat. He knew that
foreign nations considered his life as the bond, and his
influence as the vital spirit of our union. He knew
that his own lustre threw a shade over others, not more
injurious to them than to his country. He wished to
dispel the enchantment of his own name; he wished
to relieve the apprehensions of America, by making
her sensible of her riches in other patriots ; to be a
spectator of her prosperity under their management ;
and to convince herself, and to convince the world,
that she depended less on him, than either her enemies
or her friends believed. And therefore he withdrew.
Having lavished all her honors, his country had
nothing more to bestow upon him except her blessing.
Buthe had more to bestow upon his country. His
views and his advice, the condensed wisdom of all -his
reflection, observation and experience,, he delivers to
his compatriots in a manual worthy of them to study,
and of him to compose. And now, when they could

174 EULOGIES.
hope to enjoy only the satisfaction of still possessing
him, the pleasure of recounting his acts, and the bene
fit of practising his lessons, they accompany his retire
ment with their aspirations, that his evening may be as
serene, as his morning has been fair, and his noon re
splendent. That he should ever again endure the solicitudes of
office, Avas rather to be deprecated than desired. Be
cause it must be a crisis singularly portentous, Avhich
could justify another invasion of his repose. From
such a necessity we fondly promised ourselves exemp
tion. . Flattering, fallacious security! Tho sudden
whirlwind springs out of a calm. The revolutions of
a day proclaim that an empire was. However remote
the position of America; hoAvever peaceful her char
acter; however cautious and equitable her policy ; she
was not to go unmolested by the gigantic fiend of Gallic
domination. That she Avas free and happy, was crime
and provocation enough. He fastened on her his mur
derous eye; he was preparing for. her that deadly
embrace, in which nations supine and credulous had
already perished. Reduced to the alternative of
swelling the catalogue of his viciims, or arguing her
cause with the bayonet and the ball, she bursts the ill-
fated bonds which had linked her to his destinies, and
assumes the tone and attitude of defiance. The gaunt
let is thrown. To advance is perilous : ¦ to retreat,
destruction. She looks wistfully round, and calls for
Washington. The well-knoAvn voice, that voice Avhich

EULOGIES. 175
he had ever accounted a law, pierces the retreats of
Vernon, and thrills his bosom. Domestic enjoyments
lose their charm ; repose becomes to him inglorious ;
every sacrifice is cheap, and every exertion easy, AA'hen
his beloved country requires his aid. With all the
alacrity of youth, he flies to her succor. The helmet
of war presses his silver locks. His sword, which
dishonor had never tarnished, nor corruption poisoned,
he once more unsheaths, and prepares to receive on its
point, the insolence of that foe, whose intrigue he had
foiled by his wisdom.
It must ever be difficult to compare the merits of .
Washington's characters, because he ahvays appeared
greatest in that which he last sustained. Yet if there
is a preference, it must be assigned to the lieutenant-
general of the armies of America. Not because the
duties of that station were more arduous than those
wdiich he had often performed, but because it more
fully displayed his magnanimity. While others be
come great by elevation, Washington becomes greater
by condescension. Matchless patriot ! to stoop, on
public motives, to an inferior appointment, after pos
sessing and dignifying the highest offices ! Thrice
favored country, which boasts of such a citizen ! We
gaze with astonishment : we exult that we are Ameri
cans. We augur everything great, and good, and
happy. . . . But AA'hence this sudden horror ? What
means that cry of agony? Oh! 'tis the shriek of

176 EULOGIES.
America! The fairy vision is fled: Washington is
t 

• no more !

" How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished !"
Daughters of America, Avho erst prepared the festal
boAvcr and the laurel wreath, plant now the cypress
grove, and water it with tears.
" How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished !"
The death of Washington, Americans, has revealed
the extent of our loss. It has given us the final-proof
that Ave never mistook him. Take his affecting testa
ment, and read the secrets of his soul. Read all the
power of domestic virtue. Read his strong love of
letters and of liberty. Read his fidelity to republican
principle, and his jealousy of national character. Read
his devoteclness to you in his military bequests to near
relations. " These swords," they are the words of
Washington, " these swords are accompanied with an
injunction not to unsheath them for the purpose of
shedding of blood, except it be for self-defence, or in
defence of their country and its rights ; and in the
latter case, to keep them unsheathed, and prefer fall
ing Avith them in tlieir hands to the relinquishment
thereof." In his acts, Americans, you have seen the man. In
the complicated excellence of character, he stands
alone. Let no future Plutarch attempt the iniquity of
parallel. Let no soldier of fortune ; let no usurping
conqueror; let not Alexander or Cassar ; let not Crom
well or Bonaparte ; let none among the dead or the

EULOGIES. 177
living, appear in the same picture with Washington:
or let them appear as the shade to his light.
On. this subject, my countrymen, it is for others to
speculate, but it is for us to feel. Yet in proportion
to the severity of the stroke, ought to be our thank
fulness that it was not inflicted sooner. Through a
long series of years has God preserved our Washing
ton a public blessing : and now that he has removed
him forever, shall we presume to say, what doest thou?
NeA^er did the tomb preach more powerfully the
dependence of all things on the will of the Most High.
The greatest of mortals crumble into dust, the moment
he commands, return ye children of men. Washing
ton was but the instrument of a benignant God. He
sickens, he dies, that we may learn not to trust in men,
nor to make flesh of our arm. But though Washing
ton is dead, Jehovah lives. God of our fathers ! be
our God, and the God of our children ! Thou art our
refuge and our hope; the pillar of our strength; the
wall of our defence, and our unfading glory !
Americans ! This God who raised up Washington,
and gave you liberty, exacts from you the duty of
cherishing it with a zeal according to knoAvledge.
Never sully, by apathy or by outrage, your fair inherit
ance. Risknot, for ouemoment, on visionary theories,
the solid blessings of your lot. To you, particularly,
0 youth of America ! applies the solemn charge. In
all the perils of your country, remember Washington.
The freedom of reason and of right, has been handed

178 EULOGIES.
cIoavii to you on the point of the hero's sword. Guard,
with veneration, the sacred deposit. The curse of
ages will rest upon you, O youth of America! if ever
you surrender to foreign ambition, or domestic law
lessness, the precious liberties for which Washington
fought, and your fathers bled.
I cannot part with you, fellow citizens, without
urging the long remembrance of our present assembly.
This clay we wipe away the reproach of republics,
that they know not how to be grateful. In your treat
ment of living patriots, recall your love and your regret
of Washington. Let not future inconsistency charge
this day Avith hypocrisy. Happy America, if she gives
an instance of universal principle in her sorrows for
the man " first in Avar, first in peace, and first in the
affections of his country."

Oration upon the death of General George Washington,
delivered in the State House at Trenton. By the Rev.
Samuel Stanhope Smith, D. D., President of the College
of New Jersey.1
Great God! we adore thy sovereign providence,
which hath smitten the father of his country, and left
a nation in tears.

1 Dr Samuel Stanhope Smith, was the first president of Hamp
den Sidney College, Va. and in 1779, he was appointed a professor
at Princeton where in 1794, he was elected president of the College.
He held this office at the period of Washington's death and until
1812, Avhen be resigned, in consequence of infirmities, and retired to
private' life. He died August 21, 1819, aged sixty-nine years.

EDL0GIES. 179
My. fellow citizens ! your griefs are manly — they
are approved of heaven — you mourn a father. All
America mingles her sighs with yours — foreign
nations, admiring his achievements and his virtues,
will think that liberty has lost a protector among
them — and even that great people from Avhom he
wrested our freedom and independence, forgetting
that they have lost an empire by his wisdom and valor,
will honor him with their griefs and their praises.
His country is erecting monuments and statues to
his memory. Brass and marble shall express his
glory. But brass and marble will decay, and the
glory that is committed to them alone will perish.
Eloquence and history shall rear to him more durable
trophies. Historians shall immortalize their page
with tho name of Washington; and future orators
shall quote it with the names of Epaminondas, of
Aristides and of Cato, to illuminate their discourse,
and to enforce, by great examples, the virtues of a
disinterested and heroic patriotism. But his most
lasting, and most noble monument shall be the affec
tions of his countrymen, who will transmit their
admiration of him as an increasing inheritance to
their latest posterity. To testify the esteem, and to
announce to the world, the profound regrets of a
grateful country, poets and orators, and the ministers
of religion, have come forth to pronounce and reecho
his praises throughout all America. How sublime, and
hoAv singular the glory ! Thus to receive the volun-
24

180 EULOGIES.
tary homage of a free and a great people — the- hom
age of equals paid, not to preeminence of rank, but
of virtue — not extorted by the command of power,
but the unconstrained effusion of the heart ! I also,
at your invitation, appear among them, with a zeal
disproportioned to my strength; to pay my feeble tri
bute to the memory of a man, deservedly so dear to
every worthy and honest American. But ah! I
feel, in the beginning, that my words are unable to
reach the conceptions of my OAvn mind, and that they
must fall far below the ideas and emotions which
already occupy yours. One advantage, indeed, I may
derive from hence, the only one that inability can
yield, which is, that when I have bestowed on this
illustrious citizen the highest praises, I shall have the
testimony of your hearts, that I have said even less
than the truth — flattery I shall have no need to have
recourse to the base arts of to praise the most modest
of men, who spurned from him, while living, all insin
cerity and adulation. Oh ! if the occasion, and the
presence of this numerous and enlightened essembly,
could light up within me a spark of that eloquence
which they are so well fitted to enkindle, and could
raise above itself a genius so far inferior to the subject,
and the demands of public expectation, with what
noble ideas should I fill your minds ! What a warm
impression would the recital of achievements, and the
display of talents and virtues like his, make upon
your hearts ! Certainly uo hero, modern, or ancient,

EULOGIES. 181
has ever offered to the orator a more illustrious or
fertile subject of that eloquence that is calculated to
touch the heart, or to raise men to the heights of vir
tue by great examples.
In whom have ever shone Avith more splendor the
talents of war, in creating an army ; in successfully
maintaining himself in the face of a superior enemy;
in inspiring Avith courage raw troops ; in attaching
soldiers to order and their country in the midst of
extreme hardships, and the injustice of their country
itself; in seizing victories by an enterprising bravery,
when enterprise was safe for the republic, or in con
ducting retreats that gained him no less glory than
victories ; in vanquishing his enemies by a firm
undaunted courage, or consuming and wasting them
away by a wise and noble patience ? Where can we
find a conqueror so humble, so disinterested, so devot
ed solely to his country — so serene, so sublime in
adversity — so modest in the midst of triumphs — in
dangers so intrepid and calm — and possessing such
control over events by his prudence and persever
ance? Other nations begin their eulogies of great men, by
tracing their birth to some royal house, or some noble
family. This is the praise of slaves. Virtue, talents,
services, are our nobility. What glory could he have
derived from a noble parentage, whose virtues would
have added their chief splendor to" thrones ? Such
adventitious and accidental distinctions might have

182 EULOGIES.
lessened, but could not have augmented, that high
and solid fame which he iioav possesses. The name of
Washington is surrounded Avith a lustre that eclipses
that of kings : And not his smallest praise is, that it
is all his own — it is derived from the intrinsic worth
and merit of the man — not a ray of it is borrowed —
his father was a plain but virtuous citizen.
Socrates believed that he Avas attended by a genius
Avhich often gave him counsel and instruction, and
Avatched over his. safety. The genius of Brutus aband
oned him at the plains of Phillippi ; but the guard
ian genius of our hero, which never forsook him, Avas
that divine providence, which he always devoutly
acknowledged, and which seemed to preside over him
Avith a peculiar predilection from his birth, giving his
mind that happy impulse and direction, and combin
ing those fortunate coincidences of events, which we
have seen leading to success and fame in all the impor
tant scenes of his life.
His first education was directed only to solid and
useful attainments. Mathematical science, Avhich con
tributes, perhaps, more than any other to strengthen
the mind, and Avhich is so intimately connected Avith
the military art, was the earliest, and his favorite
study. His exercises were manly and vigorous ; his
constitution was active and strong; his port noble and
commanding; his person graceful and majestic; his
countenance expressive of that benignity, that honor,
that grandeur of sentiment, that profound reflection,

EULOGIES. 183
for which he was distinguished. But these are vulgar
praises. He had a mind capable, of combining all the
interests of his country ; a discernment capable of
penetrating and defeating all the designs of its ene
mies, a heart capable of daring every danger in its
defence. His dawn of life gave some auspicious presages of
the splendor of its meridian. Scarcely had he attained
his twentieth year, when he was employed by the
government of Virginia, his native state, in an enter
prise as hazardous, as it was honorable, which required
all the prudence of age united with the vigor and fire
of youth. The armies of France threatened to envi
ron these states, then colonies of Great Britain, and
to enclose them in a chain of fortifications, from the
Lakes to New Orleans ; and they were artfully attach
ing to their oavii interests, and exciting against us,
the fury of the savage nations. Young Washington
was charged to remonstrate with their commander,
to penetrate their designs, to estimate their force,
to observe their works, and. to conciliate, if possible,
the affections of the native tribes. In the discharge
of this trust, you see him, at an inclement season of
the year, traverse the immense forest alone. Amidst
incessant rains and snows, and over vast rivers, rend
ered almost impassible by ice, and surrounded with
lurking parties of hostile savages, he pursues his
course. When his horses are exhausted, he continues
on foot his dangerous and difficult route ; he observes

184 EULOGIES.
every thing with the eye of a warrior ; he marks out
sites for fortresses; he measures the fortresses- of the
enemy ; he displays a firmness of mind in the great
est dangers, a patience of fatigue in the greatest
difficulties, and a consummate address in the conduct
of the Avhole, that would have been worthy the repu
tation of the oldest commanders ; and finally, exe
cutes an arduous commission in a manner that de
served and obtained universal applause. At an age
when other youth are pursuing only pleasures, and
softening their minds and bodies by indulgence, he is
already hardening himself for the toils and clangers of
war — he is practically studying mankind — and apply
ing the science of Euclid and Vauban, to the defence
of his country.
The Avar, which then menaced these infant settle
ments, soon began to rage. The brave but impetuous
Braddock was commissioned to defend, in America,
the honor, and the interests of Britain. In all the
pride of European discipline, and British valor, he
despised an enemy who fought by stealth, and scorned
the .admonitions of Washington, who Avas only a
youth, but who was a warrior by intuition, and who
perceived, in a moment, every change which that
formidable art ought to assume from new circum
stances. Surrounded in the forest by an enemy invis
ible, but dreadful, his ranks cut down by a hidden
fire, his principal officers slain, and himself mortally
wounded, amidst carnage and death, where valor was

EULOGIES. 185
useless, and discipline only offered surer marks to the
destructive aim of the foe ; terror and despair over
whelmed every heart. Then our hero, all calm and
intrepid, and now left to pursue his own ideas, was
seen on the spot, to change the whole order of battle.
With his brave Virginians, he protected the astonished
battalions of Britain, covered them under the buckler
of America, and in the name of his country, saved
those armies, whom in her defence, he was one day to
conquer. They shouted him their deliverer ; and the
shores of Europe and America reechoed the applauses
of the camp.
But it was Avhen America called him to the head of
her armies* in the long and bloody war which she was
obliged to maintain, in defence of her rights, and her
existence, against that nation, become haughty and
unjust, that he displayed the full extent, and variety,
of his genius. Britain had cherished her colonies in
the. new world, merely as instruments' of commerce,
till their growing prosperity rendered them at length
an object, both of avarice and of ambition. Flushed
with her triumphs, under the auspices of the great
Chatham, and rejecting, after profiting by, the coun
sels of that sublime statesman, she had already, in
imagination, swallowed our treasures — divided our
provinces among her princes — our cities and fields
among her nobles — and destined our husbandmen to
be tenants and laborers for her. America, roused to
defend rights that were dearer to her than her exist-

186 EULOGIES.
ence, but unprepared to meet an attack Avhich she had
not expected from a parent nation, had nothing to
oppose to this formidable invasion, but her unconquer
able love of liberty, her virtue and Washington.
How unequal was the conflict between a young
country, in the very infancy of her improvements —
possessing, as yet, only a feAv husbandmen scattered
over an unwieldly territory — nursed in habits of ven
eration and obedience to her invader — without an
organized government to conduct the necessary oper
ation of her defence — destitute of clothing, of am
munition, and almost of arms, for her few soldiers —
and rendered still more impotent by an injudicious
system of finance bottomed upon no funds — and, on
the other hand, a mighty nation in the midst of her
glory — groAvn old in victories — whose numerous and
veteran armies had just humbled the first power in
Europe — Avhose fleets covered and ruled the ocean —
and who commanded, by her commerce, half the
wealth of the world ! If we counted only the resources
of America, and the number of her troops, Avould Ave
notpronouuee that she was already vanquished ? But
the talents of her leader Avere in the room of armies,
and of treasures ; and his success undeniably ranks
him among the greatest generals in the universe.
He had to compensate, by address, the defect of
energy in the ¦government — to make personal influ
ence supply the want of money, and of almost every
necessary for a camp — to manage with skill the

EULOGIES. 187
caprices of liberty, itself, which are so often ruinous
to its own interests — to conciliate to the service, men
irritated by disappointment, and the injustice, though,
perhaps, the necessary injustice, of their country —
and to raise the courage of those who were already
subdued by want. You see him, at one time, patiently
preparing the train of events for some great effect —
at another, anticipating them by a bold and decisive
stroke. Sometimes he stoops upon victory like an
eagle, and sometimes he renders it sure by a prudent
delay. He always rises from defeat like a conqueror,
and, in the end, obliges the enemy to abandon the
post which they had seized. In all changes of for
tune, he is serene, collected and sublime. Success
cannot elate him. No reverse c"an sink his courage,
or shake his firmness. And you behold him with
equal admiration, when compelled to retire, with the
broken remains of his army, across the Jersies, as
when he entered in triumph over the demolished
fortifications of York, and, by one "splendid action,
put, a period to the war.
The details of his exploits I leave to the historian.
They will instruct the remotest ages. They are still
recent in your memory. The children of America
repeat them with enthusiasm. His first act Avas to
expel the enemy from Boston, and to restore to the
nation that -important capital. Afterwards, when in
the face of a thousand ships, and an immense army, he
was obliged to retire before superior numbers from
25

188 EULOGIES.
the open and defenceless city of New York, if, for a
moment, ignorance and impatience impeached his
courage, or his skill, the returning reflection of his
fellow citizens approved his prudence, and applauded
his firmness. Conscious of doing what a patriotic
general ought to do, he felt all the humiliation of
unfounded censure ; but he was Avilling to bear the
folly, and the injustice of his countrymen, for the
salvation of his country. He was not among those
frantic heroes, who, to gain the vain reputation of a
thoughtless bravery, will hazard the safety of their
country itself. Though he loved glory, the interests
of America were dearer to him than his own fame.
Her circumstances, at that moment, imperiously for
bade him to risk the existence pf his small army.
His lofty soul was incapable of fear : he even seemed
to acquire new energies at the approach of danger ;
but a cool and comprehensive wisdom tempered the
ardent impulses of his courage ; and he now resolved,
like ^a great general, to expose nothing to hazard
which he could defend by prudence, and not to force
fortune where he was sure of gaining her by a wise
delay. He retired before the enemy, always com
manding their respect by his well chosen positions, till,
having gained the farther shore of the Delaware, he
there arrested their progress, and there triumphantly
turned the tide of war. The place on which I stand
is consecrated by his triumphs — your streets have
floAved with hostile blood — here victory first returned

EULOGIES. , 189
to his standard, which, for a moment, she had aband
oned. Trenton! and Princeton! names rendered-
dear to your country by exploits that will be forever
combined with them in history, on your plains hope
was first rekindled in the bosom of America.
Despondency had begun to seize the public mind.
It was necessary to restore its vigor by some brilliant
action ; and Washington, avIio, at one time, so pru
dently retired from danger, was now determined to
put all to hazard- — he had been Avilling to survive
misfortune only to retrieve it — he was now prepared
to die, or resolved to conquer. I see him, in the
depth of Avinter, with an army, scarcely half clothed,
and small in number, his mind laboring with some
vast, and almost desperate purpose, struggling with
the ice, and with the torrent, forcing his way across
the Delaware. Supported by a few militia, brave but
undisciplined, his circumstances were infinitely criti
cal. An impassable river Avas now behind him, a
superior enemy in front, separated from him only by
a small ravine. The evening closed under a tremend
ous cannonade. Both armies, lighting their fires, and
setting their guards, were Avaiting, in anxious sus
pense, the approach of the morning. The fate of
America seemed to be staked on the event of one
great and decisive battle. Then the military talents
of the American hero shone forth Avith new splendor,
and revived, and fixed, the Avavering confidence of his
country. By one of those happy strokes of genius

190 eulogies.
that distinguished only great generals, he broke all
the plans of his foes, and rolled the waves of misfor
tune back upon themselves. In the night he passed
unperceived the army in his front, attacked an impor
tant post in their rear, carried it sword in hand, and
awakened them to a sense of all their danger, and
their shame, by the sound of victory from Princeton.
— Princeton ! thy fields rendered sacred by the blood
of Mercer, and illustrious by the actions of Washing
ton, shall be forever connected in history with his
glory — thy sons shall here after vie with one another
in eloquence and song, to celebrate his fame, and
pointing to the spot where Washington triumphed,
shall perceive their genius kindled with new fires, and
from him derive, while they confer, immortality.
The plan of the general Avas to hasten to Bruns
wick, and seize the enemy's arsenal, stores, and mili
tary chests, deposited there ; but his troops, harrassed
and exhausted with incessant labors, marches and
conflicts, were unable to accomplish the grandeur of
his vieAvs. The British commander, in the utmost
consternation, Acav to their protection. The Ameri
can, Avith a wisdom worth the celebrated dictator who
saved Rome, immediately occupied the hill that over
looked the strong position of the enemy, on the sum
mits of which he hung like some dark and terrible
cloud impregnated with thunder, and continually
threatening to burst upon them.1 Pie straitens their

1 The image which Hannibal applied to Fabius.

EULOGIES. 191
quarters — he drives in their posts — he cuts off their
parties — he reanimates the courage of the militia of
New Jersey ; and, by practising them in daily com
bats, renders them at length, under the conduct of a
few gallant officers, worthy to fight by the side .of
veterans — he expels the enemy from a state which
they had so cruelly ravaged.
By the aid of their navy, they were enabled rapidly
to transport themselves to the greatest distances ; and
the American general was obliged to be ready to meet
them at every point. He met them on the Brandy-
wine, where the timidity, or the treachery of the men
employed to bring him intelligence of their movements,
defeated one of the wisest and most brilliant plans of
the war, which would probably have put in his pos
session their artillery, their baggage, and their whole
camp.1 But Heaven had resolved to protract their
fate ; and they entered the capital of Pennsylvania.
While encamped at the Valley Forge under every
disadvantage to Avhich a commander could be subject,

1 The intention of the general was, to permit the enemy to cross
the Brandywine above him, and, while they imagined they were
taking him in flank, to push forward bis main body, and surprise
their camp on the other side of the river, which would have cut off
their retreat, and been probably followed by their total ruin. His run
ners, whether intimidated, or. corrupted, persisted to assure him, in
the most solemn manner, that the British forces had not crossed in
the "plapes where he certainly expected them, 'and deceived him with
regard to their real movements, till it .was too late to execute his
design. He was compelled to retreat. And a few days afterwards,
when he offered them battle agaM in the Great Valley the elements
fought against him.

192 EULOGIES.
and suffering the most cruel neglect, not to say injus
tice of his country, he surprised a division of. their
army on the heights of Germantown, and in tbe
moment that victory Avas declaring for his arms, and
their routed legions were fieetingin every direction, a
voice, a whisper, one of those invisible and unaccount
able accidents which so frequently decide the fate of
battles, wrested the prize out of his hands. But his
unconquerable energy, his infinite resources in mis
fortune, robbed them of all. the fruits of their success.
They dared no longer venture out of their entrench
ments, and he held them enchained in Philadelphia.
The generals of Britain, contending in vain against
the indefatigable courage, and the inexhaustible
resources of the American hero, who, though at the
head of a feeble and ill-appointed army,- wris often
victorious, and avIio reaped even from defeat the fruits
of victory, resolved to abandon to him Pennsylvania,
as they had before yielded NeAv Jersey.
Then you saw him on the burning plains of Mon
mouth, rallying his broken van, and leading it on to
anew charge; exposing himself like a common sol
dier, present in every place almost at the same mo
ment ; and while men where fainting, and dying in
their ranks with fatigue, and heat, and thirst, refusing
to rest, or to taste refreshment till victory gave him a
right to repose. With pleasure I see in this assembly
your Excellency,1 and so many other brave officers,

1 Governor Howell, who followed the bier as chief mourner.

EULOGIES. 193
who Avere there witnesses of his glory, and who bore
no small share in the dangers, and the honors of that
memorable day.
The twenty-ninth June gave rest to the northern
states; and Britain, despairing to be able to contend
with Washington, determined to bend all her force
* against the south. But there she met the wise and
gallant Greene, who was worthy to be the brother of
Washington. Greene was cutting off her garrisons,
and her armies in detail. But her main army, under
the conduct of the bravest and most enterprising of
her generals, was still reserved to adorn the triumphs
of the first hero of America.
Historians will relate with what admirable combina
tion he formed the plan, and concerted its execution,
with an ally separated from him by more than a thou
sand leagues, for surprising and entangling in his
toils his active foe — with what address he diverted the
attention of the British commanders — and how, after
a march of four hundred miles, he had so amused and
blinded them, that he still found his enemy in the
place where he determined to seize him. America
will forever record that happy day in which her vic
torious chief saw Britain laying her last standards at
his -feet.' I seem to participate with him that gener
ous exultation, that noble triumph of soul, which, in
this moment, he felt. Not that he was capable, with
unmanly insolence, of exulting over a prostrate enemy,
but he saw, in their fall, the salvation of his country.

194 EULOGIES.
On the ruins of York he laid the immortal base of the
republic. Hoav delicious ! Hoav sublime was the mo
ment ! Britain was humbled1 — America Avas delivered
and avenged.
The war terminated, peace restored, and the lib
erties of a new world established on the firmest
foundations, the concluding scene was the most august
and interesting that the history of nations has per
haps, ever presented. Other conquerors have consid
ered victory as the means of grasping unlawful power.
The soul of Washington was more sublime. He
regarded in his victories only the .peace and happiness
of a great nation. A fine morality tempered and
reigned in the midst of his heroic qualities. The
character of a patriot, he considered as superior to
that of a hero : and to be a renowned warrior was
less in his esteem, than to be a good man. Pie has
tens, therefore, to the seat of congress, to resign into
the hands of the fathers of his country, the powers
with which they had invested him, and which he had
so nobly employed in its defence. August spectacle !
Illustrious chief! He was so far elevated above the
rest of mankind that no way was left for him to
become greater .but by humbling himself. The hero

1 Such expressions as this cannot reasonably be supposed to be
intended to cherish national prejudices, or to inflame national anti
pathies. They are used by the writers of every country in celebrat
ing their emment statesmen, and their heroes. They indicate sen
sations that were natural and lawful on the occasion, but are after
wards forgotten in the relations of amity, and commercial intercourse.

EULOGIES. 195
enters the hall surrounded with all his virtues, his
services, and his glories, of which no one but him
self seemed to be unconscious. This aAvful assembly
received him as the founder, and the guardian, of the
republic. Every heart was big with emotion. Silently
they retraced the scenes of affliction and danger
through which they had passed together. They
recalled to mind the peace and freedom purchased by
his arm. They regarded with veneration that great
man, who appeared more great and worthy of esteem
in resigning, than he had done in gloriously using,
his powers. In an impressive speech he laid down all
his public employments, and took of them an affec
tionate leave. At the contemplation of such rare
virtue, and moved at the recollection of so many
interesting scenes, tears of admiration and gratitude
burst from every eye.- The hero, touched with the
general emotion, wet his check with a manly tear,
while he deposited his sAvord under the laws, which
he had covered with his shield.
The last act of a spectacle so affecting was an act
of religion. Great example for legislators, rulers, war
riors — for all who either possess elevated stations, or
who aim at high and and solid fame ! In that august
presence, he worships the ruler of the universe — he
commends the interests of the dearest country to the
protection of Almighty God — and there, in the tem
ple of the laws, he offers to heaven the incense of a
nation, from the altar of his oavii pure and noble
26

196 EULOGIES.
heart. This done, he retires, amidst the vows, and
prayers, and blessings, of a grateful and admiring
country, to the peaceful shade of Vernon. Not like
those heroes who build their glory on the misery of
the human race, and whose restless souls are forever
tossed in the tempests of ambition, he sought only
peace by war, and returned from its cruel and bloody
fields with delight, to the first innocent employments
of human nature.

Let us contemplate him, a moment, in this retire
ment, which he always chose with such predilection
when the service of his country would permit him
to enjoy it.
In private life he was as amiable, as virtuous, and
as great, as he appeared sublime on the public theatre
of the world. How many conquerors, renowned in
history, have been great only while they acted a con •
spicuous part under the observation of mankind ! The
soul, in such a situation, perceives an artificial eleva
tion — it assumes the sentiments of virtue correspond
ing to the grandeur of the objects that surround it.
In private, it subsides into itself; and, in the ordinary
details of life and conduct, and men, who seemed to
be raised above others by the splendor of some rare
occasion, now sink below them, — they are degraded
by their passions, — those who were able to command
armies, have lost the power of self-command — and
when they are not heroes, they are nothing. Wash-

EULOGIES. 197.
ington was always equal to himself. There was a
dignity in the manner in which he performed the
smallest things. A majesty surrounded him that
seemed to humble those who approached him, at the
same time that there was a benignity in his manners
that invited their confidence and esteem. His virtues,
always elevated and splendid, shone only with a mil
der light by being placed .in the vale of retirement.
He was sincere, modest, upright, humane; a friend of
religion ; the idol of his neighbors as well as of his
country ; magnificent in his hospitality, but plain in
his manners, and simple in his equipage. And the
motives of these virtues we are not to seek in a vain
affectation of popularity which has often enabled the
cunning and the artful to make great sacrifices to pub
lic opinion, but in the native impulse and goodness of
his heart. His emotions, naturally strong and ardent,
as they are, perhaps, in all great men, he had com
pletely subjected to the control of reason, and placed
under the guard of such vigilant prudence, that he
never suffered himself to be surprised by them. Phil
osophy and religion in his breast had obtained a noble
triumph : and his first title to command over others,
was his perfect command of himself. Such a sublime
idea had he formed of man, that in him. you never
detected any of the littlenesses of the passions. His
consummate prudence, which was one of his most
characteristic qualities, and which never forsook him
for a moment, .contributed to fix the affections and the

198 EULOGIES.
confidence of his fellow citizens, AAdiich he had acquired
by his talents. Eminently distinguished for his conju
gal and domestic virtues, the perfect purity of his pri
vate morals added not a little to that dignity of charac
ter in which he was superior to all men. There is a
majesty in virtue, which commends the respect, even
of those who do not love it, and which gives to great
talents their highest lustre. Ah! if the ambitious
knew, or were willing to estimate its influence on
reputation, and its powerful command over the minds
of men, they would study to be virtuous from self-
interest. " Need I tell you, who know the terms on which he
performed the greatest services that were ever rend
ered to a nation, how disinterested and noble was his
nature ? How dear would not a mercenary man have
sold his toils, his dangers, and above all, his successes?
What schemes of grandeur, and of poAver, would not
an ambitious man have built upon the affections of
the people and the army? The only Avealth which he
sought to draw from them, was the riches of his coun
try — the only reward, the love of his fellow citizens,
and the consciousness of his own heart.
His whole character was consistent. Equally indus
trious with his plough as with his sword, he esteemed
idleness and inutility the greatest disgrace of man,
whose powers attain perfection only by constant and
vigorous action, and who is placed by providence in
so many social relations, only to do good. Every

EULOGIES. 199
thing round him was marked with a dignified sim
plicity. While so many affect fastidiously to display
their wealth in sumptuous edifices, and splendid
equipages, and incur infinitely more expense to be
envied and hated, than would be sufficient to make
themselves adored, his mansion was as modest as his
heart. Strangers from all nations, who visited it,
went, not to admire a magnificent pile, but to gratify
a noble curiosity in seeing the first man in the world.
Palaces, and'columns, and porticos, would have shrunk
beside him, and scarcely have been seen. Like the
imperial palace of Marcus Aurelius, at Rome, the plain
and modest walls resembled some august temple,
which has no ornament but the deity that inhabits it.1
You approached it with reverence as the retreat of a
hero, the venerable abode of all the virtues. He had
no need to seek a false glory by an exterior display of
magnificence, who possessed such intrinsic worth and
grandeur of soul. Every where he goes without any
attendants but his virtues — he travels without pomp;
but every one surrounds him, in imagination, with
his victories, his triumphs, his glorious toils, his pub
lic services. How sublime is this simplicity ! How
superior to all the fastuous magnificence of luxury !
Thus he lived, discharging, without ostentation, all
the civil, social, and domestic, offices of life — temper
ate in his desires — faithful to his duties — retiring

1 A speech put by Mr. Thomas into the mouth of Apollonius, a
philosopher and the friend of Marcus.

200 EULOGIES.
from fame, which every where pursued him — living
like a beneficent deity in the bosom of his family, its
delight, and its glory.
Amiable woman ! sole partner of his dearest pleas
ures, who enjoyed most intimately, and who best
knew, his worth, your overwhelming griefs, the deso
lation of your heart, under this stroke, testify the pre-
ciousness of what you have lost. In the full tide of
happiness, in a moment, in one terrible instant, more
than empires has been ravished from your embrace.
Oh ! if a nation's tears can yield you any consolation,
the tears of a nation are mingled with yours. But,
alas? while they console, they remind you by a new
proof, of the value of what heaven has taken — has
taken, perhaps in mercy, that, when your Saviour shall
call also for you, earth may not have a rival to him in
your heart.
But, my fellow-citizens, among the noblest orna
ments of this extraordinary man, was his humility and
his respect for religion. Humility was the veil thro'
AA'hich his virtues shone with a more amiable, because
less dazzling, lustre. Never, in conversation, did you
hear him mention those illustrious achieA'ements,
which had rendered his name so famous throughout
the world. In reading his official letters" in which he
is obliged by his duty to announce his successes, you
would hardly suppose that any part .of them was to be
ascribed to his valor, or his skill. You are even in

EULOGIES. 201
doubt if fams herself has not mistaken in attributing
to him such great actions.1
What a spirit of piety, what a constant acknowledg-
mentofthe agency and goodness of divine providence,
breathes through all his public addresses to his army,
to his fellow-citizens, to congress ! — Ah ! how difficult
is it to receive the applause of nations with humility !
to be exalted almost to heaven on the voice of fame,
and not to feel that elation of mind, which raises a
mortal above the lowly place which every creature
ought to hold in the presence of Almighty God!
Something there is in the command of armies, where
one man wields the force of thousands, in the tumult
of battles, in the splendor of triumphs, that is apt to
intoxicate the heart, and to elevate it beyond itself.
But this great general, after his victories, was always
found modest and humble before the throne of the
eternal. Like Moses, in the presence of God, he alone
seemed not to be conscious ofthe splendor that surroun
ded himself.2 The same veneration for religion, and
the same profound respect for its institutions, marked
all his private deportment : And we have seen with
what a serene and steady lustre his hopes from it shone
in the concluding scene of life.

The talents of this great citizen Ave have now to ex
hibit in a new light — as a legislator — and the civil

1 This was said also of the Marshal Turenne.
2Ab. Flech, orais. funeb. Mar. Tur.

202 EULOGIES.
chief of the American confederacy. If it affords a
subject less brilliant to the orator than his military
career, it is not less instructive to mankind.
Scarcely had he begun to enjoy his beloved repose
when the imbecility of that system, under which the
states had originally confederated, discovered itself by
so many pernicious consequences, destructive of na
tional honor and prosperity, and dangerous to national
existence, that it became necessary to frame a gov
ernment invested with greater energy, more justly
balanced, and able to act more directly upon all
parts of. the Union. This necessity his penetrating
judgment had long foreseen, while he was yet com
mander of the army, and tho wisdom of giving a new
form to the confederacy he had frequently urged..
America, always enlightened and wise even in the
midst of her errors, resolved, at length, to pursue this
sage policy : And Washington, whose prowess in
the field had so conspicuously contributed to establish
her liberty, was the first among that band of patriots
who met to render it secure by placing it under the
protection of the most admirable laws. Here he dis
played the talents of a great legislator, and proved
himself to be as wise in council, as he had been glori
ous in arms. The excellence of that constitution .
which was the illustrious fruit of their labors, and
which republican France, in repeated efforts, has,
hitherto, vainly attempted to imitate, has now been
confirmed by the happy experience of ten years.

EULOGIES. 203
Public, credit has been restored — industry has receiv
ed a new spring — commercial enterprize is extended
to every spot upon the globe — agriculture flourishes
— towns and cities are daily founded, extended, and
beautified — population and riches increase — and even
the debts of the revolutionary war are converted into
a species of wealth.
- But antecedently to that experience which now
justifies its wisdom, the name of Washington was
necessary to give it authority, and to recommend it to
the confidence of the American people. By their
unanimous voice, throughout a region of fifteen hun
dred miles in extent, he was called to hold the first
magistracy in the confederated republic. Merciful
God ! what a felicity to "my country, that this revered
and beloved citizen was yet preserved to assume, with
his firm and resolute hand, the helm of government in.
such a perilous and doubtful season! Inestimable
patriot ! who wast willing to put to risk a reputation
which it was believed, already above all addition,
could only be diminished by any change. Ah ! thy
fellow-citizens were iguorant of the full extent of those
talents which they have since beheld, with astonish
ment, as great in peace as in Avar, in deliberation as in
execution. One of the noblest acts, in a life full of
illustrious actions, was the resolution to stake his
unexampled fame, and to employ the whole force of
his unbounded popularity, to rescue his country from
the degraded and imbecile state into which it had fal-
27

204 EULOGIES.
len under the old system, and to give an operation
and efficiency, that would overcome all opposition, to
a government which he regarded as essentially con
nected with its prosperity and glory.
On this high and untried office he entered with that
modesty which is one criterion of great minds, and
which marked his whole character through life — he
executed it with that unshaken firmness which is the
result of conscious rectitude, of ripe and wise delibera
tion, and of the imperious sentiment of duty in a vir
tuous heart. Less splendor and eclat, indeed, attend
the retired labors of the cabinet, than the march of
armies, the capture of towns, and the triumph of vic-
ories : but often they require talents of a superior
kind, and often possess an influence more extensive on
the felicity of nations.
Under his administration, the United States enjoy
ed prosperity and happiness at home, and, by the ener
gy of the government, regained in the old world, that
importance and reputation which, by its weakness,
they had lost. Arduous was his task — innumerable
were the difficulties he had to encounter, from the
passions, the conflicting interests, the ambition, and
the disappointment of men. His own virtue, and the
confidence of the nation, supported him. And amidst
all the clamours which the violence of faction, or
individual chagrin, have raised against the general
administration, none have eyer dared to impeach the
purity of his patriotism, or his incorruptible integ
rity.

EULOGIES. 205
.His retreat at Mount Vernon, grown so clear to him
by inclination, by habit, and by that love of repose
natural to advancing years, he had forsaken only to
serve the republic, and to give, to a new and untried
government, a firm tone, and a steady operation. At
the expiration of the first period of his magistracy,
therefore, he was desirous of returning to that private
life which was dearer to him than all things else, ex
cept America. Ambition had no charms for him. His
felicity was to see his country happy; and his modesty
led him to hope that her happiness might now be
equally secure in other hands. All true Americans,
at this moment, resisted his inclinations with the most
affectionate importunity ; and he was persuaded to re
sume the arduous cares of the state.
The crisis was important. An universal war raged
in Europe, and was carried on with the most rancor
ous and .exterminating passions. The hostile nations,
inflamed against each other with a fury beyond all for
mer example, for they fought for their existence,
would scarcely endure a neutral.* America was every
moment threatened by force, or by intrigue, to be
drawn into the vortex. Strong parties in her own
bosom rendered the danger more imminent; and it
required a government firm, temperate, but inflexible,
to prevent the evil. This great and heroic magistrate,
charged with all her foreign relations, was not to be mov
ed from her true interests. His object was America.
And her interest, in the midst of this terrible conflict

206 EULOGIES.
of nations, was to remain in peace. Faction at home,
arid intrigue and menace from abroad; endeavor to
shake him — in vain — he remains serene and immov
able in the storm that surrounds him. Foreign in
trigue he defeats — foreign insolence he represses —
domestic faction, dashing against him, breaks itself to
pieces. He meets the injustice, indeed, both of Bri
tain and of France, by negociation, rather than by a pre
cipitate declaration of Avar; but maintains towards
them that firm- and commanding attitude Avhich be
comes, the head of a free and great republic. He ob
liges them to respect him ; and preserves the tranquili
ty of his country. As an American, he knows no na
tion but as friends in peace, in war as enemies. To
wards one he forgets ancient animosities when it is
useless to remember them. Towards another he re
nounces a chimerical gratitude when it is claimed only
to involve us in fruitless calamities ; perhaps, to put
into their hands a dangerous empire over our own,
and over other nations.
And now my countrymen, behold, in the prosperity
that surrounds you, the happy effects of this wise pol
icy. See the desolated regions of Europe — -compare
their endless revolutions, their ferocious tyrannies,
their murders, their massacres, their brutal violations
of virgin honor, and conjugal fidelity, their wasted
plains, their plundered cities, with our peaceful and
flourishing state ; and bless the memory of Washing
ton, to whose prudence and magnanimity, shall I not

EULOGIES." 207
say in spite of yourselves? you owe it. Had not his
firm patriotism, and his sage councils prevailed, what
might not have been our present condition ? I trem
ble to imagine it. We might, by the audacity of foiv
eigners, have, been stripped of the power of self-gov
ernment — we might have looked only on pillaged
towns, and a desolate shore — we might have seen
the sacred asylum of our families polluted Avith lust
and murder — we might have been the prey of civil
discord — we might, like the wretched inhabitants of
Saint Domingo, have been the dreadful victims of
domestic treason. Unhappy the nation who permits
a more powerful foreigner to obtain an ascendant in
her councils ?
Let me not forget that, amidst his cares for our for
eign relations, he chastised and repressed the inroads
of the savage tribes upon our frontiers, by the arms
ofthe gallant Wayne. And, when rebellion dared to
raise an impious front against the laAvs, he infused new
energy into the government, by the promptitude and
decision with which he crushed it.
To recapitulate, in one word, the events of an ad
ministration as wise as it has been successful — public
credit has been restored — public peace has been pre
served, notwithstanding the most powerful efforts to
disturb it — domestic faction has been kept under con
trol — foreign intrigue and insolence have been de
feated and repressed — foreign nations have been com
pelled to respect the republic — its power has been in-

208 EULOGIES.
creased — its resources have been multiplied — a sav?
age war has been terminated — rebellion has been pun
ished — the laws have been strengthened — and energy
and stability have been infused into the government.
With this wise statesman it was an invariable prin
ciple of policy, that we can never be secure against the
injustice of foreign nations while we do not possess
the power of commanding respect, and punishing ag
gression. Weak intreaties, pusillanimous concessions,
only invite indignities : For, unfortunately, power is
right in the morality of republics as well as of kings.
The defence of our commerce, therefore, the fortifica
tion of our ports, and the effectual organization of our
military force, were objects towards which he ever di
rected a solicitous attention .
Behold, then, this illustrious man, no less sublime
as a statesman, than as a warrior ? His character is a
constellation of all the greatest qualities that dignify
or adorn human nature. The virtues and the talents
which, in other instances, are diA'ided among many,
are combined in him.
Having rendered such invaluable services to the
state, and accomplished every object for which he had
re-entered into public life, his desire to return to priva
cy and retirement could no longer be resisted. A sec
ond time he gave the world the great and rare exam
ple of voluntarily descending from the first station in
the universe, the head of a free people, placed there by
their unanimous suffrage, and continued there with a

EULOGIES. 209
zeal only not idolatrous, to the rank of a plain and sim
ple citizen, obedient to those laws which ambition
would have placed its glory in controlling. The pride
of reigning he despised. Its labors he endured only
for his country. And, when he could, he cast it from
him as a bauble to which his soul was superior.
On Mount Vernon he enjoyed his family and his vir-
tue ; but still prepared to sacrifice all his dearest pre-
, dilections whenever his beloved country should de
mand his aid. Unfortunately, it was too soon requir- ¦
ed. The injustice of a foreign nation ha"d compelled
her to arm; and he was coming forth to defend her
under the shade of those laurels which he had gathered
in her service. But the ruler ofthe Universe, the God of
armies, had -otherwise determined. — Ah ! in what an
eventful crisis ofthe world — in what a dubious and
alarming moment for America, hath she lost her he
ro ! — Great God ! thy councils are inscrutable !
He died as he had lived, with that serenity of mind,
and that composed fortitude, which had ever distin
guished his character. Death has no terrors to a pure
soul which already derives its supreme pleasures from
virtue. There are ardent and impetuous spirits who
can affront death in the field, who are not able to re
gard it with a calm and steady eye in the thoughtful
scenes of retirement, and under the pressure of disease.
The fire and tumult of battle transport them beyond
themselves — honor impels them — and the observa
tion of thousands imparts to the mind an artificial force.
But, in the silent chamber, where no foreign impulse

210 EULOGIES.
supports the heart, and it is not sustained by a consol
ing retrospect on life, they often shrink from the idea
of dissolution, and of the destinies of eternity ; and
those who seemed to be more than men in the terrible
hour of conflict, have been seen less than men upon the
bed of death. Our hero was the same in that moment
as in all the past — magnanimous, firm, confiding in
the mercy, resigned to the will of heaven. Ah ! with
what beauty does religion shine in the concluding scene
of such a life ! How precious the hope of immortality
in such a moment ! Rising on his own faith,' and
on the prayers of millions, to the throne of the eternal,
he receives in heaven the reward of those illustrious
services to his country, and to human nature, which
could never be paid him upon earth.1
Such in peace and in war, in private and in public
iife, was that illustrious man whom all America this
clay mourns, whom foreign nations lament, and whom
the most distant time shall crown with continually new
praises. If I have not been able to rise to the dignity
of my subject, I have, at least, endeavored to discharge
the office of a good citizen, in paying my homage to the
departed father of his country. Other orators will
rise to do him justice — history Avill preserve the re
membrance of his great qualities to the remotest ages
— his memory will forever be his highest eulogy.

1 Answer of congress to his speech on resigning his office of com
mander-in-chief.

EULOGIES. 211
The praise that is now paid to such distinguished
merit, can no longer be suspected of adulation. The
universal impulse of the nation dictates it — the first
4
magistrate of America, the friend of Washington, in
a style worthy himself, and worthy his great co-patriot,
has given the example of it1 — the supreme legislature
ofthe Union have decreed him the noblest honors —
communities and individuals vie Avith one another in
the testimonies of their respect and veneration. It is a
great republican duty to crown with honors and with
eulogies preeminent merit, and public services. Glo
ry is the only reward which is worthy free states to be
stow, or patriots to receive. All others, seizing on the
principles of avarice, vanity, or pleasure, render the
love of country only a secondary passion. Tho re
wards of glory, to which sublime souls have always
been devoted, still leave our country to be the first ob
ject in the heart. They are the homage which nations
pay to superior virtue. Egypt, by her funeral panegyr
ics, first taught the world the influence of posthumous
glory to create wise magistrates, illustrious heroes, and
virtuous citizens. Greece, by the aid of her laurel and
her ivy, of her statuaries and her painters, and above
all, of her historians and her orators, rendered her citi
zens the admiration and the envy of the universe. Let
ters are more durable than marble. Long since the
monuments of Trajan and Agricola have perished; but

'See the president's answer to the address of condolence presented
by the senate. 28

212 EULOGIES.
the glory of the one, and the virtues of the other, shall
exist forever, embalmed by the genius of Pliny and of
Tacitus. Yet, brass and marble shall not be wanting
to record his fame. A monument, Avorthy a great na
tion, shall rise to.him in the new capitol, that, like the
capitol of Rome, shall be the centre of a universe of its
own. Yield ! excellent lady! Avhohast already known
how to make so many sacrifices to thy country, yield to
our solicitations his precious remains, that, laid at the
foundation of those walls whence issue our laws, he may
still seem to be the support ofthe republic.1
Ah ! could I make my voice resound throughout the
earth — could I support, by my genius, the grandeur
of the subject, I would hold him out as a model to law
givers, and to princes. Heroes who place a false glory
in overturning the peace and liberties of the world,
should learn from him wherein true glory consists,
and restrain their intemperate ambition.- His actions
should instruct the universe.
Rulers of the neAv world ! imbibe his spirit ! govern
by his example ! It is then only that our tears for Wash
ington can be dried up when we see his image revived
in you. The grief that overwhelms us shall give place
to the delicious tears of joy, when we see, springing
from his ashes, so many illustrious and virtuous citi
zens, the ornaments and defenders of their country.

1 Since the delivery of this discourse we have been assured that
Mrs. Washington has complied with tbe request of congress. See
her admirable letter to the president of the United States.

eulogies. 213
It is by imitating only, that you can truly honor him,
and perpetuate the image of his virtues. Let statues
and paintings exhibit his noble port, express his man
ly countenance, and convey to posterity the features of
the man so honored, so beloved by his cotemporaries,
and who, by future ages, will forever be ranked among
thegreatest benefactors of mankind. But, it is not by a
lifeless mould, or the chisels of art — it is not by the
products of the quarry or the mine, that the soul of a
patriot can be represented, but by his spirit, and his
actions, transmitted to posterity through a succession
of wise, brave, and virtuous, legislators and heroes.
I cannot forbear to remark the singular felicity of
that excellent citizen whose memory we honor by the
obsequies of this day. The malignant attacks of envy,
which elevation and merit only provoke, he has almost
wholly escaped. If faction has sometimes ventured to
rear her head, and shoot out her sting against him,
abashed by his virtue, she has instantly shrunk back,
and retired into her own coil. He has read his fame
in the histories of his own, and of other nations — he
has enjoyed the suffrage of posterity — he has seen him
self in that light in which he shall be contemplated by
the remotest periods ofthe world — he has possessed
ages of honor before his death. — Dying, his felicity
has still followed him. Has the history of nations ever
exhibited such a scene of voluntary honors, of univer
sal affliction, of sincere and mournful homage? —
Illustrious hero ! deign also to accept the unfeigned

214 EULOGIES.
homage of our grief! Friends of humanity and of
liberty throughout the world ! it is for you to weep.
Though America was the favored land which gave him
birth, and is therefore entitled to be the first in grief,
yet he was born for the' human race.
While Washington lived, the people believed that
their guardian angel was still among them. By the
mysterious decree of heaven he is taken from their
vows and hopes in a moment when the tempest, that
has so long beat upon the old world, threatens more
and more to extend its fury to the new.. Almighty
God ! all events, and the hearts of all men, are in thy
hands — save us from the cruel designs of hostile na
tions, Avho may hoav gather presumption from the
death of him who was accustomed to humble them !
Save us from the curse of divided councils, Avhich his
influence tended to unite ! Save us from the blind and
intemperate rage of factious passions, which his pres
ence has so often overawed ! Confirm among the peo
ple that union of sentiment, and that submission to the
laws, which have been so long aided by the command
ing ascendant of his genius ! Our prayers are heard.
Divine providence, which prepares those great souls
who are the defenders and saviours of nations, will
continue the succession of them, while those nations
continue to respect religion and virtue — and, though
Moses be removed, Joshua shall be left.
Finally, every thing serves to remind us of our de
parted and beloved chief, and to renew continually in

EULOGIES. 215
our breasts the most grateful, along with the most
afflicting, recollections. If the husbandman tills his
lands, and calls them his own, have they not been
gained by his wisdom and valor? Do we enjoy our
hearths, and our altars, in peace ? Have they not been
purchased by his toils, and his dangers ? There is not
.a village, not a, field, not a stream which he has not
stained with the blood of our enemies,1 or where he
has not inscribed on the earth with his sword the char
acters of American liberty. — Ah ! by how many dear
tender ties does he hold possession of our hearts !
Wives and mothers think they have lost him who pre
served to them their husbands and their infants — the
young think they haver lost in him a father — fathers
that they have lost more than their children — the.Re-
public that she has lost her founder, and her saviour —
every citizen fears lest the peace, the union, the glory
of America, is entombed with him. — Nomy fellow-
citizens ! This fear shall not be realized. Washing
ton, though dead, is not lost. His ashes shall defend
the republic that contains them — the capitol, that rests
upon his remains shall be immortal — his example
shall live to instruct posterity — his virtues shall de
scend as a precious inheritance to future ages — the
future lawgivers and rulers of America shall come to
his tomb to reanimate their own virtues. And,- if it be
true that the wise and good, amidst the supreme felici-

•This is almost literally true of all the middle counties of New
Jersey

216 EULOGIES.
ties of their celestial existence, are still occupied with
the cares, and sometimes made the guardians, of that
which was the dearest to them upon earth, 0 spirit of
WAsniNGTON ! will not thy beloved country still be thy
care ?

Extract from a Discourse delivered Dee. 22th, 1799, in the
African Methodist Episcopal Church of Phila., by the
. Rev. Richard Allen.
" We, my friends, have peculiar cause to bemoan.
our loss. To us he has been the sympathizing friend
and tender father. He has watched over us, and
viewed our degraded and afflicted state Avith com
parison and pity — his heart was not insensible of
sufferings. He, whose wisdom the nation revered,
that we had a right to liberty. Unblasted by the
popular opinions of the state in Avhich is the
memorable Mount Vernon — he dared to do his duty,
and wipe off the only srain with which man could
ever reproach him.
" And it is now said by an authority on which I rely,
that he who ventured his life in battles, Avhose head
was covered in that day, and whose shield the Lord of
Hosts was, did not fight for that liberty which he
desired to withhold from others — the bread of oppres
sion was not sweet to his taste, and he " let the oppress
ed go free," — he undid every burden — he provided
lands and comfortable accommodations for them
when he kept this acceptable fast to the Lord — that
those who had been slaAres might rejoice in the day of
their deliverance.

eulogies. 217
l- if he who broke the yoke of British burdens from
(iff the- neck ofthe people of this landj and was called
his country's deliverer, by what name shall we call
him Avho secretly and almost unknoAvn emancipated
his bondmen and bondwomen, and became to .them a
1 father, and gave them an inheritance ! Deeds like
these are not common. He did not let his right hand
* know what his left hand did, but he who sees iusecret
will reward such acts of his beneficence. The name
of Washington will live when the sculptured marble
and statue of bronze shall be crumbled into dust — for
it is the decree of the eternal God that ' the righteous
shall be had in everlasting remembrance, but the me
morial of the wicked shall not.'"1

1 A correspondent of the Alexandria Gazette, writing from Fairfax
County, Va., Dec. 14, 1835, says :
" Upon a recent visit to the tomb of Washington, I was much grati
fied by the alterations and improvements around it. Eleven colored
men were industriously employed in levelling the earth and turfing
around -the sepulchre. There was an earnest expression of feeling
about them that induced me to inquire if they belonged to the
respected lady ofthe mansion. They stated that they were a few of
the many slaves freed by George Washington, and they had offered
their services on this last melancholy occasion as the only return in
their power to make to the remains of the man who had been more
than a father to them ; and they should continue their labors so long
as .anything should be pointed out for them to do." — NeilVs Colored
Patriots of the Revolution, 220. t

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST
Of Books and Pamphlets, containing Eulogies, Orations,
Poems or other Papers relating to the Death of General
Washington, or to the Honors paid to his Memory*
The following list is not offered as a complete catalogue upon
the subject to Avhich it relates. It contains a much larger
number of titles than any before published, and will materially
aid those who may be forming collections upon this interesting
subject. A star prefixed to the title, indicates that it has been taken
from aprinted catalogue, and that it may be abbreviated frpm the
one that would be found on the title page. Most of the others
have been compared with the full titles, by the editor or his
correspondents. We have occasionally included notices of
orations and sermons that have been found only in newspapers
or magazines, but no attempt has been made to include all such,
nor have magazines and other periodicals containing orations
or extracts from eulogies been included. Neither have we un
dertaken to enumerate the orations subsequently printed in the
biographies or collected writings of their authors; nor eulogies
or orations pronounced on the character of* Washington
during his. life or since his death except those immediately
relating to that event, and written within a few days or weeks
afterwards. In the preparation of this list, the* editor deems it a privilege
to acknowledge his indebtedness to the courtesy of the follow
ing named gentlemen, who have kindly assisted by furnishing
29

220 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
titles, comparing lists, and otherwise aiding in its construction,
viz: Dr. John Appleton, Boston; Hon. J. Russell Bartlett,
Providence; Mr. George Brinley, Hartford; Mr. Charles I.
Bushnell, New York ; Dr. John S. H. Fogg, Boston ;
Mr. Reuben A. Guild, Providence; Mr. B. H. Hall, Troy;
Mr. Samuel P. Haven, Worcester; Mr. Henry A. Homes,
Albany; Dr. David King, Providence; Mr. James Lenox,
New York; Mr. George Livermore, Boston; Mr. William
Menzies, New York; Mr. T. Bailey Myers, New York; Dr.
Samuel S. Purple, New York, and Mr. W. Elliot Woodward,
Roxbury. Following each title, is a list of public libraries or private
collections containing the work, embracing twelve of the largest
that came to our " knowledge during the preparation of these
volumes. In a few cases, other sources of information have
been used, and will be found acknowledged in their place.
Numerous printed catalogues, sale lists, &c, have been examined,
but noted only when found to contain titles not previously
observed.

Abbreviations Used.
Am. Antiq. Soc. — American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.
B. A  Boston Athenaeum, Boston.
B. U.  Brown University, Providence.
G. H. S  Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford.
H. U.  Harvard University.
M.H.S.  Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
N. T. H. 8  New York Historical Society, New York.
N. Y. S. L  New York State Library, Albany.
G.B.  Collection of Mr. George Brinley, Hartford.
G. L  Collection of Mr. George Livermore, Boston.
J. L  Collection of Mr. James Lenox, New York.
M.  Collection of Mr. William Menzies, New York.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 221
Abbott, A.— An Eulogy on the illustrious life and char
acter of George Washington, delivered before the inhab
itants of the town of Haverhill, Mass., on his birthday,
1800, at the request of their committee, by Abiel Abbott,
and the invaluable last address of President Washington
to the citizens of the United States.
8vo, pp. 27 and 20, Haverhill [1800].
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; B. U. ; H. U; G. B.
Adams, D. — Oration sacred to the memory of General George
Washington, delivered at Leominster [Mass.], February
22, 1800, by Daniel Adams, M. B,
"  Borne to distant lands thy deeds sublime
Shall brighten as they mark the page of time,
And ages yet unborn, with glad acclaim
Pronounce a Washington's illustrious name."
8vo, Leominster, 1800. Am, Antiq. Soc. ; N. Y. H. S. ; G. B.
Alden, T. — A Sermon delivered at the South Church in Ports
mouth [N. H.],on the v. January, mdccc, occasioned by the
sudden and universally l'amented death of George Wash
ington, by Timothy Alden, Jun , A. M., colleague pastor
with the Rev. Samuel Haven, D. D. [Text, Daniel x, 11.]
8vo, pp. 23, Portsmouth, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc.;' B. A.; B. U. ; H. U. ; M. H. S. ; N. Y. H. S. ;
G. B. ; J. L. ; M.
Alexander, G.— A Sermon occasioned by the death of His
Excellency, George Washington, lieutenant general of
the American army, and late president of the United
States, who departed this life December 14, 1799, set.
68. (Published by desire) by Caleb Alexander, A.
M., pastor of the church in Mendon [Mass]. [Text:
Psalms lxxxii, 6, 7.]
" Know ye not ? that there is a prince and a great man fallen this
day in Israel." David.
1 8vo, pp. 23, Boston, 1800.' Including 5 pages notes.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; B. U. ; N. Y. H. S. ; G. B.

222 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
Allen, J. — * Oration at Western, Mass., February 22, 1800, on
the death of George Washington, by Joseph Allen, Jr.
12mo, Brookfield [1800]. Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; B. U. ; G. B.
. Allen, R. — Extract from a Discourse delivered Sunday, De
cember 29, 1799, in the African Methodist Episcopal
Church of Philadelphia, by the Rev Richard Allen,
of the African race, before the church under his pastoral
care. [Printed in several newspapers of the day.]
N. Y. S. L. ; N. Y. H. S.
Allison, P. — A Discourse-delivered in the Presbyterian Church
in the city of Baltimore, the 22d of February, 1800, the
day dedicated to the memory of General George Wash
ington, by the Rev. Patrick Allison, D. D. Text, 2
Chronicles xxxv, 24.
8vo, pp. 24, Baltimore [1800]. J. L.
Alsop, R. — A Poem sacred to the memory of George Wash
ington, late president of the United States, and com
mander-in-chief of the armies of the United States.
Adapted to the 22d of February, 1830, by Richard Alsop.
"  borne to distant lands tliy deeds sublime
Shall brighten as they mark the page of time,
And ages yet unborn, with glad acclaim
Pronounce a Washington's illustrious name."
Charms of Fancy.
Svo, pp. 123, Hartford, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ;-B. U. ; H. U. ; M. H. S. ; N. Y. S. L. ;
G. B. ; J. L.
Ames, F. — An Oration on the sublime virtues of General
George Washington, pronounced at the old South. Meeting
House in Boston, before his honor the lieutenant governor,
the council, and the two-branches of the legislature of Mas
sachusetts, at their request, on the 8th of February, 1800,
by Fisher Ames.
8vo, pp. 31, Boston, 1800; 8vo, pp. 51, Phila. 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A ; B. U. ; H. U. ; M. H. S. ; N. Y. H. S. ; N. Y.
S. L. ; Phil. Lib. ; G. B. ; J. L. ; M.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 223.
Andrews, J. — An Eulogy on General George Washington,
who departed this life December 14th, 1799, in the 68th
year of his age. Delivered before the First Religious
Society in Newburyport, Mass , Feb. 22, 1800, by John
Andrews, A. M., colleague pastor with the Rev. Tho.mas
Cary.
An angel's arm can't snatch him from the grave ;
Legions of angels can't confine him there. Young.
8vo, pp. 21, Newburyport [1800].
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; B. U. ; H. U. ; M. H, S. ; N Y. H. S. ; Gl B.
Atherton, C. H. — Eulogy on General George Washington,
late president of the United States, who died December
14, 1799. Delivered at Aniherst, N. H., before the in
habitants of the town of Amherst, the inhabitants of the
town of Milford, and the Benevolent Lodge, on the 22d
day of February, 1800, at the request of the committee of
the selectmen and other respectable citizens of the town
of Amherst, to which was superadded the request of the
committee of the Benevolent Lodge, by Charles Hum
phrey Atherton.
8vo, pp. 23, Amherst, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; H. U. ; M-
Austin, D. — A Discourse delivered on occasion of the death
of George Washington, late president, general and com
mander-in-chief of the forces of the United States of
America, in compliance with the request of the mayor,
alderineu, and common council of- the borough of Eliza
beth, N. J., December 25, 1799. Also sketches of a run
ning discourse delivered to the Union Brigade on the same
occasion, at their cantonment on Green Brook, in compli
ance with a request from Colonel Smith, the commanding
officer, December 26, 1799, with an address to the throne
of grace, offered at the door of the tabernacle of the can
tonment on Green Brook, Feb. 22, the birthday of our
national luminary, by David Austin, Jun.
4to, pp. 36, New York, 1800, with an allegorical plate.
C. H. S.

224 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
Baldwin, T. — * Sermon delivered at Boston, December 29,
1799, on the death of George Washington, by Rev.
Thomas Baldwin.
8vo, pp. 28, Boston, [n. d].
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; B. U. ; H. U. ; M. H. S. ; G. B.
Ball, H. — * Sermon delivered at Rutland, Vt., January 1,
1800, on the death of George Washington, by Rev. Heman
Ball.
8vo, Rutland, 1800. Am. Antiq. Soc. ; C. H. S.
Bancroft, A. — An Eulogy on the character of the late Gen-
> eral George Washington, delivered before the inhabitants
of the town of Worcester,- commonwealth of Massachusetts,
on Saturday, the 22d of February, 1800, by Aaron
Bancroft. Printed according to a vote of said fown,
requesting a copy for the press, and directing that each
head of a family should be supplied with one.
8vo, pp. 21, Worcester. 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; B. U. ; II. U. ; G. B. ; M.
Barnard, T. — * Sermon preached at Salem [Mass.], December
29, 1799, on the death of General George Washington, by
Rev. Thomas Barnard.
8vo, pp. 27, Salem, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; B. U. ; C. H. S. ; H. U ; M. H. S. ; G. B.
Barnes, D. — Discourse at Scituate, Mass., Feb. 22, 1800, on
the death of George Washington, by Rev. David Barnes.
[Text, Deut. xxxiv, 5, 7, 8.]
8vo, pp. 16, Boston [1800]. Am. Antiq. Soc. ; H. U. ; G. B. ; M.
Bartlett, J. — * Oration on the death of General George'
Washington, delivered at Charlestown, Feb. 22, 1800, by
Hon. Josiah Bartlett, M. D.
8vo, pp. 15, Charlestown, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; B. U; G. B.
Barton, T. T. — A Sermon preached at Tewksbury [Mass.],

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 225
February 22, 1800, on account of the Death of General
George Washington, by the Rev. Titus Theodore
Barton. 8vo, pp. 8. Medford, Mass., 1800. C. H. S.
Bascom, E. L. — A Masonic Discourse spoken at Greenfield,
Massachusetts, before the Officers and Brethren of the Re
publican Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in that town,
July 1st, A. L. 5800, by Brother Ezekiel L. Bascom.
8vo, pp. 14, Greenfield- [Mass.], 1800. G. B.
Bascom, J. — An Oration delivered February 22, 1800, the
day of Public Mourning for the Death of General George
Washington, by the Rev. Jonathan Bascom, of Or
leans [Mass.], to the People of his charge.
8vo, pp. 15. Boston : 1800.
.Quis nostrum tarn, animo agresti ac duro fuit, ut Roseii motte
semper non commoveretur. ClCEKO PRO AK. POETA.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. U.; H. U. ; N. Y. H. S. ; G. B.
r i
Bayard, S. — A Funeral. Oration occasioned by the Death of
General George Washington, and delivered on the 1st of
January, 1806, in the Episcopal church at New Rochelle,
N. Y., by Samuel Bayard, Esq.
8vo, pp. 24, New Brunswick; 1800.
B. A.; N. Y. H. S., Phila. Lib. ; G. L. ; J. L. ; M.
•Bedford, G. — A Funeral Oration upon the Death of General
George Washington. Prepared at the request of the Ma
sonic Lodge No. 14, of Wilmington, Del., and delivered
on St. John the Evangelist's Day, being the 27th of De
cember, anno lucis 5799, by Gunning Bedford, A. M.
4to, pp. 18. Wilmington, 1800. -
[Reprinted in Lancaster Washingtoniana. J
Beers, W. P. — Oration on the Death of George Washington.
Albany, January 9, 1800. By William P. Beers, Esq.
4to, pp. 17. Albany, 1800.
B. A.; H. TJ.; N. Y. H. S. ; N. Y. S. L. ; G. B.; M.

226 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
Belden, J. — An Oration pronounced at Winthrop [Maine],
February 22, 1800, commemorating the virtues of the late
General Washington, by Jonathan Belden, A. M.
4to., pp. 20. Hallowell [Maine], 1800. G. B.
Bigelow, T. — -A Eulogy on the Life, Character and Services
of Brother George Washington, deceased, pronounced
before the fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, by
request of the Grand Lodge, at the Old Meeting House,
Boston, on Tuesday, February 11, 1800, being the day
set apart by them to pay funeral honors to their deceased
brother, to which are added two addresses to the deceased
when President of the United States, and his answer, to
gether with the letter of condolence of the Grand Lodge
to Mrs. Washington, and her answer. The cassia shall
forever bloom o'er his head; for he hath gone down cloud
less in the West, "ripe in years, and full of glory." By
Brother Timothy Bigelow.
8vo, pp. 26. Boston [1800]..
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. U. ; H. U.; G. B. ; G. L. ; J. L.
Blair, J. D. — A Sermon on tho Death of Lieutenant-General
George Washington, delivered in the Capitol in Rich
mond, by John D. Blair, Chaplain of the House of
Delegates. 18mo, pp. 18. Richmond, 1800. Text; Psalms xii. G.L.
Blake, G. — A Masonic Eulogy on the Life of the illustrious
Brother George Washington, pronounced before the
Brethren of St. John's Lodge, on the evening of the 4th
February, 5800, at their particular request, by Brother
George Blake.
8vo, pp. 23, Boston, 1800.
Am Antiq. Soc ; B. A. ; B. U. ; H. U.; M. H. S. ; N. Y. H. S. L. ;
G. L. ; J. L.
Blakeslee, S.— Oration delivered at East Haddam, February

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 227
22, 1800, on the Death of George Washington, by Solo
mon Blakeslee.
8vo, pp. 15. Hartford, 1800. . M. H. S.; G. B.
Blythe, J.1 — An Oration on the Death of General George
Washington, delivered at All Saints Parish (S. C). on
the 22d of February, -1800, by Dr. Joseph Blythe.
Boddily, J. — A Sermon delivered at Newburyport on t\e
22nd of February, 1800, by Rev. John Boddily, minis
ter of 2nd Presbyterian Church. Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. U. ; G. B.
Bowers, J. — A Discourse on the occasion of the Death of
General George Washington, delivered in St. Ann's
Church, Pittston, on Saturday, 22nd February, 1800, by
James Bowers. Published at the request of the Wardens
and Vestry of the Episcopal Parish in said town.
" To every thing there is a season, and a time to every pur
pose under heaven."
8vo, pp. 18, Hallowell, [Me.], 1800. B. A.; B. U.
Bradford, A. — Eulogy on George Washington, delivered
at Wiscasset, Me., Feb. 22, 1800, by Rev. Alden
Bradford.
8vo, pp. 16, Wiscassett.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. U. ; B. A. ; N. Y., H. S. ; G. B.
Brainard, J. G. — An Oration commemorative of the virtues
and services of General George Washington, spoken in
the Presbyterian Church in the city of New London,
[Conn.], February 22nd, 1800, by J. G. Brainard, Esq:
8vo, pp. 14, New London, 1800. C.'H. S.;M.
Braman, I. — An Eulogy on the late General George Wash
ington, who died Saturday, 14th December, 1799. De
livered at Rowley, Second Parish, February 22, 1800,

[il have not seen this in pamphlet form. The title is from the
Boston "Eulogies and Orations."]
30

228 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
by Isaac Braman, A. M., minister of the gospel in that.
place. Published by desire of the hearers.
8vo, pp. 24, Haverhill, 1800. B. A.; B. U.
Bray, Oliver. — An Oration pronounced in the brick meet
ing house, New Haven, at the request of Hiram Lodge of
Free and Accepted Masons, on. the .anniversary of St.
John the Evangelist, Jan. 1, 1802. By Oliver Bray.
" 8vo, pp. 32, New Haven, 1802.
[Not strictly pertaining to the class of tracts to which -this
list is devoted, although delivered a few months after
his death, and prominently devoted to a notice of his
character.] G. B.
Brooks, J. — An Eulogy on General Washington, delivered
before the inhabitants of the town of Medford, agreeable
to their vote, and at the request of their committee, on the
13th January, 1800, by John Brookes, A. M.,M. M. 8.,
and A. A. S.
8vo, pp. 15, Boston, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Sdc. ; B. A., B. U. ; H. U.; N. Y. H. S. ;. G. B. ; M.
Buckminster, J. — A Sermon delivered in the First Church
in Portsmouth, N. H., on the Lord's day after the melan
choly tidings of the death of George Washington, the
father, guardian and ornament of his country, [Dec. 22nd,
1799.] By Joseph Buckminster, A. M. Text, Psalm
xviii : 46.
Svo, pp. 45. Portsmouth, 1800.
Includes the two following :
A Sermon delivered in the First Church in Portsmouth,
Jan. 5th, 1800, the house being dressed in mourning in
token of respect to the memory of Washington. By
Joseph Buckminster, A. M. [No text.]
A second Sermon delivered Lord's day, Jan. 5th, 1800. By
Joseph Buckminster, A.M. Text, Matthew, xxvii, 45.
Religion and righteousness the basis of national honor and
prosperity. A Sermon preached to the North and

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 229
south parishes in Portsmouth, fraternally united in ob
servance ofthe 22nd February, 1800, the day appointed
by Congress to pay tribute to. the memory of General
Washington. By Joseph Buckminster, .A. M.
Text, Deut. vi, 4.
Svo, pp. 28, Portsmouth, 1800.
These four tracts are sometimes found bound together in one volume.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S. ; G. B.; M. ; G. L. ; B. A. ;
B. U.
Burrill, G. R. — An Oration pronounced at the Presbyterian
meeting house, in Providence, on Tuesday the 7th of
January, 1800, at the funeral ceremony on the death of
General George Washington, by Colonel George R.
Burrill.
8vo, pp. 15, Providence, 1800. B. A. ; B. U.; M. H. S.
Burroughs, P. — An Oration with some observations pro
nounced at the Congregational meeting house in Tiverton,
on the 22nd February, 1800, at the funeral ceremony on
the death of General Washington (with a- poem), by
Peleg Burroughs, V. D. M.
8vo, pp. 13 and 2, Newport, 1800.
Caldwell, C. — An Elegiac poem on the death of General
Washington, by Charles Caldwell, A. M., M. D.
8vo, pp. 12, Philadelphia. 1800. B. A. ; B. U. ; M. H. S.
A part of this poem was printed in handbill form and circulated
among the patrons of the True American. N. Y. H. S. ; M. H. S. ; J. X.
Character of General Washington, by Charles Caldwell,
M. D.
12mo, pp. 15, Philadelphia ; office of the True American,
1801. B. A.
Carroll, J. — A Discourse on General Washington, de
livered in the Catholic Church of St. Peter, in Baltimore,

230 bibliographical list.
[Md.], Feb. 22nd, 1800, by the Right Rev. Bishop [John]
Carroll.8vo, pp. 24, Baltimore, [1800.] B. A.; G. L. ; J.-L.
Chaudron, S. — Oraison funebre du Frere George Washing
ton, pronounced lepremier Janvier, 1800, dans la loge
Francaise L' Amenity, par Le F. Simon Chaudron,
orateur de la Loge.
8vo, pp. 28, Phila., 1800; 1801, pp. 35.
Am. Antiq. Soc; N. Y. H. S. ; N. Y. A. Lib.; B. A.; G. B. ; J.L.;
G. L. ; M.
Chandron's oration was printed in 1819, 8vo, Phila. French and
English on opposite pages.
Poesies choisies de Jean-Simon Chaudron, suivies de I'Orai-
son fun6bre de Washington, par le mSmc auteur. Paris,
1841. Phila. Lib.
Chaudron, S. — Funeral Oration on Brother George Wash
ington, delivered January 1st, 1800, before the French
Lodge L'Amenite, by Brother Simon Chaudron ; trans
lated from the French by Samuel F. Bradford.
8vo. pp. 26, Phila., 1800. M
Churchill, S. — A Sermon occasioned by the Death of General
George Washington, late President of the United States
of America, delivered at Lebanon, in the town of Canaan
[N. Y.], February 22, 1800, by Silas Churchill, A. M.
12mo, pp. 31. Albany, MDCCC. Text, 2 Samuel, iii, 28.
N. Y. H. S.; M.
Cincinnati. — Proceedings of the General Society of the Cin
cinnati, with the original institution of the Order, to
which is annexed the Act of Incorporation, by the State
of Pennsylvania; the By-Laws of the Pennsylvania So
ciety, and the Testimonial to the Memory of General
Washington, as adopted and communicated by the last
meeting of the General Society.
Svo, pp. 82. Phila., 1801. ¦ N. Y. S. L.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL list. 231
Clarke, A. L. — A Discourse, occasioned by the Death of Gen
eral George Washington, at Mount Vernon, December
14, 1799., delivered before the Right Worshipful Master
and Brethren of Mount Vernon Lodge, in Providence, on
Saturday, the 22d of February, A. L. 5800, by Abraham L.
Clarke, A. M., Rector of St. John's church, Providence.
Small 8vo, pp. 26. Providence, 1800. B. U.
Cleaveland, M. — An Oration commemorative of the Life
and Death of General George Washington, delivered
at Windham (Connecticut), on the 22d day of February,
1800, to the Brethren of Moriah and Eastern Star Lodges,
and the citizens of the town of Windham, at their re
quest, and pursuant to the Proclamation of the President
of the United States, by Moses Cleaveland, Esq., Mas
ter of Moriah Lodge.
8vo, pp. 15. Windham, 1800. B. A. ; G. B. ; M.
Coe, J. — A Sermon delivered before the Military Officers of
Apollo Lodge, and a large and respectable number of the
.citizens of Troy [N. Y.], January 12th, 1800, in conse
quence of the death of Lieutenant-General George
Washington, by Jonas Coe, A. M., Minister of the
Presbyterian church in Troy ; published at the request of
the hearers.
Small 4to, pp. 16, Troy, 1800. Text, 2 Samuel, i, 27.
C. H. S.; N. Y. H. S.
[A Sermon was also preached by Mr. Coe at Lansingbiirgh,
December 29, 1799, upon the Death of Washington. It
was probably much the same as that printed, and was
from the same text.]
Coffin, E. — A Sermon delivered February 22d, 18U0, the day
of National Mourning, recommended by the Government
of the United States for the Death of George Washing
ton, by the Rev. Ebenezer Coffin, A. B., Pastor of a
church in Brunswick [Maine]. Text, Acts yiii, 36.
Svo, pp. 16. Portland, 1800. M.

232 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
Collins, A.— This Oration was delivered the 26th of Decem
ber, 1799, at the -request of the Masonic fraternity be
longing to St. John's Lodge No. 2, Middletown [Conn,],
by Alexander Collins, Esq.
8vo, pp. 21. Middletown, January 10, 1800. G. B.
Condict, I. — A Funeral Discourse, delivered in the Presbyte
rian church of New Brunswick [N. J.], on the 31st of
December, 1799, the day set apart by the citizens for pay
ing solemn honors to the memory of General George
Washington, by the Rev. Ira Condict, A. M., Pastor
• of the Low Dutch Reformed church, in the city of New
Brunswick. " Know ye not that there is a prince and a
great man fallen this day in Israel V Text, 2 Kings, ii, 12.
8vo, pp. 23. New Brunswick, 1800. N. Y. H. S. '
Condie, T. — Biographical Memoirs of the Illustrious General
George Washington, late President of the United
States of America, &c, &c; containing a History of the
Principal Events of his Life, with Extracts from his
Journals, Speeches to Congress, and Public Addresses;
also, a Sketch of his Private Life.
18mo, pp. 243. Philadelphia. Printed by Charles &
Ralston, 1800.
[The Preface by Thomas Condie, of Moyamensing.] G. B.
Covey, J. — *Bijdragen ter gedachtenis von George Washing
ton, by John Covey.
8vo, Haerlem, 1801. Portrait.
Croes, J. — A Discourse delivered at Woodbury, in New Jer
sey, February 22, 1800, to the Memory of General George
Washington, by John Croes.
8vo, pp. 32. Philadelphia, 1800. B. A. ; J. L.
Cumings, H.— An Eulogy on the late Patriot, Washington,
addressed to the People of Billerica [Mass.], January 10,

bibliographical list. 233
1800, when they honored him with . Funeral Solemnities,
by Henry Cumings.
Svo, pp. 16. . Amherst, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A.; B. U. ; N. Y. H. S. ; N. Y. S. L. ; G. B.
Cunningham., W. ---Eulogy at Lunenburgh, Mass., February
22, 1800, on George Washington, by William Cun
ningham. 8vo. Worcester, 1800. Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. U. ; G. L,
Dana, D. — -A Discourse on the Character and Virtues of Gen
eral George Washington, delivered on the 22d of Feb
ruary, 1800, by Rev. Daniel Dana, Pastor of a church
in Newburyport.
8vo, pp. 30. Newburyport, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc.; B. A.; B. U. ; H. U. ; G. B. ; G. L.
Dana, J. — A Discourse on the Character and Death of Gene
ral George Washington, late President of the United
States of America, delivered at Ipswich [Mass.], on the
22d of February, A. D. 1800, by Joseph Dana, A. M.,
Pastor of the South church in that place ; published by
desire.
8vo, pp. 28. Newburyport, 1800. Text, Hebrews xi, 4.
Am. Antiq.' Soc; B. A.; B. U. ; H. U. ; G. B. ; G. L.
Davenport, E. — An Oration.on the Death of General George
Washington, delivered at Stamford, Connecticut, on the
22d day of February, A. D. 1800, by Ebenezer Daven
port, Esq. Published by the Committee of Arrange
ments
Svo, pp. 15. New York, 1800. N. Y.'H. S.
Davidson, R. — Funeral Oration on the Death of General
George Washington, delivered in the Presbyterian
church of Carlisle [Penn.], to a crowded assembly of the
military and other citizens, by Robert Davidson, D. D.
[Reprinted in the Lancaster Weoshingtoniana.^

234 bibliographical list.
Davis, J. — An Eulogy on General George Washington
pronounced at Boston, on Wednesday, February xix,
MDCCC, before the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, by their appointment, and published at their
request, by John Davis, Member of the Academy, and
of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
4to, pp. 24. Boston, MDCCC.
Am. Antiq. Soc.; B. V. ; H. U. ; M. H. S. ; G. B. ; L. ; M.
Dehon, T. — A Discourse delivered in Newport, Rhode Island,
before the Congregation of Trinity church, the Masonic
Society, and the Newport Guards, the Sunday following
the intelligence of the Death of General George Wash
ington, by Theodore Dehon, A. M., Rector of Trinity
church in Newport.
8vo, pp 19. Newport, MDCCC. Text, 2 Samuel, iii, 38.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; B. IT. ; M. H. S. ; N. Y. H. S. ; G. B. ; J. L. ;
G. L.
De la Grange. — Discours adresses par le Venerable F. De la
Grange, aux Officers de la G. Loge, aux Epouses des
Macons, et aux visiteurs. [Philadelphia, January 1,
1800], pp. 5. Appendix to Chaudron's Oration.
N. Y. H. S.; N. Y. S. L.; G. B.; J. L. ; M.
Dick, E. C. — *Oration on the Death of General Washins-
ton, delivered at Alexandria, Va , February 22d, 1800,
by Elisha Cullen Dick, M. D.
[Reprinted in the Baltimore Washing toniana.~\
Dickens, A.— An Eulogium on General George Washing
ton, pronounced on the 22d of February, 1800, before
the Hermathenian Society of Philadelphia, by Asbury
Dickens. 8vo, pp. 29. [Philadelphia, 1800.J B. A. ; N. Y. H. S.
Dubroca, J. F. — Eloge de Washington, par J. F. Dubroca.
12mo, pp. 47. Paris. An. viii, [1800.]
[Reprinted with Fontanes's Oration in 1835. See "Fontanes."] N. Y. S. L.

- bibliographical list. 235
Dunham, J. A. — A Funeral Oration on George Washington,
pronounced at Oxford, Mass., at the request of the
Field Officers of the Brigade stationed at that place, on
the 15th January, 1800, by Josiah Dunham, A. M.,
Captain 16th U. S. Regiment.
8vo, pp. 20.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. TJ. ; H. U. ; N. Y. H. S. ; G. B.
Dwight, T. — A Discourse delivered at New Haven [Conn.],
February 22, 1800, 'on the Character of George Wash
ington, Esq., at the request of the citizens, by Timothy
Dwight, D. D., President of Yale College, 8vo, pp. 55
[of which 39 are the Oratio.n, and the remainder Wash
ington's Farewell Address].
New Haven, 1800. Text, Deuteronomy, xxxiv, 10, 11, 12.
[Sold either with or without the portrait described under B. Trum
bull's Oration.] Am. Antiq. Soc; M. H. S. ; N. Y. H. S.; B. U. ; G. B. ; M.
Eigenbrodt, L. E. A. — Oration delivered at Jamaica, N. Y.,
by Lewis E. A. Eigenbrodt, Principal of Union Hall
> Academy.
[Printed in part in the Albany uazelte, March 10, 1800.]
Elegiac Poem. — An Elegiac Poem, on the Death of General
George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Armies
of the United States, dedicated to the patrons of the True
American, at the commencement of the year 1800.
[Copies of this were printed upon satin. See Historical. Magazine,
i, 233.]
Elliott, J. — A Discouise delivered on Saturday, February
22, 1800, the day recommended by the Congress of the
United States to lament the death and pronounce eulogies
on the memory of General George Washington, by John
Elliott, Pastor of a church in Guilford [Conn.], pub
lished by request.
8vo, pp. 23. Hartford, 1800. Text, Joshua, xxiv, 29.
B. U.; L. I.; G. B. ; .1. L.
31

236 bibliographical list.
Ellis, J. — An Eulogical Poem on General George Washing
ton, pronounced at Topsham, Me., February 22, 1800, by
Jonathan Ellis.'
Svo, pp. 24. Portland, 1800. N.Y. H. S.
Eloges Funebres de Washington.
8vo, pp. 72. Paris, 1835.
[Contains the Eulogies of Fontanes and Dubroca, with a
preface and notes by Isaiah Townsend, Jr., of Albany,
N. Y., but then residing in Paris.] N. Y. S.
Emmons, N. — Sermon at Franklin, Feb. 22, 1800, on the death
of George Washington, by Rev. Nathaniel Emmons..
8vo. Wrentham. Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. U. ; H. U., G. B.
Eulogies and Orations on the Life and Death of General
George Washington, first President of the United States
of America. Contains orations by General H. Lee, G. R.
Minot, J. M. Sewall, G. Morris, T. Paine, J. Brooks,
D. Ramsay, G. Blake, F. Ames, T. Bigelow, J. Davis, W.
Linn, J. Smith, J. Blyth, J. Parker, J. M. Mason, W.
Jackson, C. P. Sumner, J. Dunham, and J. T. Kirkland.
8vo, pp. 304, Boston, 1800.
B. A.; B. IT. ; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S. ; N. Y. S. L. ;. J. L.
Heu pietas ! heu prisca fides ! invictaque bello Dextra. — Virg.
The mournful tribute or a nation's love. — Caldwell.
Everett, O. — An Eulogy on General Washington, who died
on the 14th of December, 1799. Pronounced at Dorches
ter, [Mass.,] Feb. 22, 1800, it being the day recommended
by Congress for the National Lamentation of his death.
By Oliver Everett, Esq., A. M., A. A. S.
• 8vo, pp. 22. Charlestown, 1800. B. A. ; B. U., H. U.
Public expressions of grief for the death of General George
Washington, at Dorchester, Mass.
8vo, pp. 22, of which 6 pages are proceedings, &c, and
the remainder an Eulogy by Oliver Everett, with
separate title page, but continuous paging.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 237
Fisher, N. — A Sermon, preached December 29, 1799, in St.
Peter's church, Salem, the Sunday after the melancholy
tidings were received, of the death of General Washing
ton, by Nathaniel Fisher, A. M. Published by desire
of the town.
8vo, pp. 24. Salem, 1800.
B. U. ; C. H. S, ; H. IT.; M. H. S. ; G. B.
Fiske, T. — A Sermon delivered Dec. 29, 1799, at the Second
Parish in Cambridge, Mass., being the Lord's day imme
diately following the melancholy intelligence of the death
of General George Washington, late President of the
United States of America, by Thadeus Fiske, A.M.,
Pastor of the Second Church in Cambridge.
8vo, pp. 21. Boston, 1800. Text, Deut,, xxxiv., 8.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A.; B. IT. ; H. IT.; G. B.
Flint, A. — Discourse delivered at Hartford, Feb* 22, 1800,
on the death of George Washington, by Rev. Abel Flint,
D. D. Text, Isaiah iii, 1, 2, 3.
8vo, pp. 22. Hartfordi .1800.
, Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A*.; B. IT.; H. U.; M. H. S.; G. L.; M.
Folsom, P. — An Eulogy on George Washington, late Com
mander-in-Chief of the Armies of the United States of
America, who died Dec. 14, A. D. 1799 ; delivered in
the Academy, February 22, A. D. 1800, before the inha
bitants of Gilmanton, agreeably to their previous request ;
by Pe.-er Folsom, 4th Preceptor of said Academy.
12mo, pp. 12. Gilmanton, March, 1800. B. U. ; H. U.
Fontanes, L. — Eloge Funebre de Washington ; pronounc6
dans le Temple de Mars, par Louis Fontanes.
"8vo, pp. 29. Paris, 1800. B. A.; H. IT.; N. Y.; S. L.; M.
Lijkrede of George Washington.
8vo, Amsterdam, 1800.
Dutch translation of Fontanes's Oration, with a portrait.
Forbes, E. — An Eulogy memorized on the illustrious charac
ter of the late General George Washington, delivered

238 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
at Gloucester, Feb. 22, 1800, by Rev.. Eli Forbes; to
which is added General Washington's Farewell Ad
dress.8vo, pp. 40. Newburyport, 1800. B. A., B. IT.; M. H. S.; G. B.
Foster, J. — A Discourse delivered December. 29, 1799, occa
sioned by the melancholy death of George Washington,
Lieutenant-General and Commander-in-Chief of the Ar
mies ofthe United States of America, who departed this
life December 14, 1799 ; by John Foster, A. M., pastor
of the Third Church and Society in Cambridge, Mass.
Text, 2 Kings, ii., 1-2. Published at the request of the
hearers.
8vo, pp. 22. Boston, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. IT.; H. XT.; N. Y. H. S.; M. H. S.; G. B.;
G.L.; M.
Frazer, W. C. — *A Funeral Oration in memory of George
Washington, delivered at Lancaster, before Lodge 43,
on the 22nd of February, 1800, by William Clark
Frazer. Svo, pp. 15. Wilmington, 1800.
Frelinghuysen, F. — An^Oration on the Death of General
Washington, delivered in the Dutch church in New
Brunswick, on the 22nd February, 1800, by Major-Gene
ral Frederick Frelinghuysen.
Svo, pp. 23. New Brunswick, 18.00.
B. A.; H. IT.; N. Y. H. S.; Phil. Lib.; M.
Frisbie, L. — Eulogy on the Illustrious character of George
Washington, delivered at Ipswich, 7th February, 1800,
by Rev. Levi Frisbie, A. M. Text, 2 Chron. xxxvi.,
24, 25.
8vo, pp. 61. Newburyport, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. IT. ; B. A.; M. H. S.; N.Y. H. S. ; H. S.;
G. B.; G. L.; M.
The address occupies 38 pages, the remainder being Washington's
Farewell Address.

bibliographical list. 239
Furman, R. — Humble submission to Divine Sovereignty, the
duty of- a bereaved nation : A Sermon occasioned by the
death of His Excellency General George Washington,
late commander-in-chief of the armies, and formerly presi
dent of the United States of America, preached in the
Baptist church in Charleston. S. C, on the 22nd of Feb
ruary, before the American Revolution Society, the State
Society of the Cincinnati, and a numerous assemblage of
citizens; by Richard Furman, A. M., pastor of said
church, and a member of American Revolution Society.
[Text, Psalm xxxix, 9.]
Originally delivered, and now published at the joint request of the
two societies.
"Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right."— Gen. xviii, 25.
"The memory of the just is blessed." — Prov. x.:.7.
8vo, pp. 28, Charleston, MDCCC. H. IT.; J. L.
Gano, S. — A Sermon on the death of General George Wash
ington, delivered January 5th, 1800, before the Baptist
Society in Providence [R I.] By Stephen Gano, pas
tor of the Baptist church and congregation.
Svo, pp.-20. Providence, 1800. G. B.
Gay, E: — An Oration pronounced at Suffield [Conn.], on Sat
urday, the 22d of Feb., A. D. 1800, the day recommended
by Congress for the people to assemble publicly to testify
their grief for the death of General George Washington.
By the Rev. Ebenezer Gay.
8vo, pp. 16. Suffield, 1800.
N. Y. H. S. ; G. B.
Gillet, E. — An Oration delivered January 8, 1800, before the
citizens of Hallowell [Me.], and its vicinity, in commemora.
tion of the much lamented death of General George Wash
ington. By Eliphalet Gillet, A. M. Published by
desire.12mo, pp. 19. Hallowell, 1800.
N. Y. H. S.

240 bibliographical list.
Gleason, B. — An Oration pronounced at the Baptist meeting
house in Wrentham [Mass.], February 22d, 1800, at the
request of the Society, in memory of General George
Washington, first president and late commander-in-chief of
the armies of the United Staes of America, who died
Dec. 14, 1799. iEtatis 68. By Benjamin Gleason.
Svo, pp. 32, (including on one page " An occasional ode,
sung at the Baptist meeting-house in Wrentham, Feb.
22, 1800").
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. U. ; B. IT. ; H. U. ; N. Y. S. L.'; G. B. ; M.
Glezen, L. — An Oration delivered at Lexington [Mass.], the
22d February, 1800, by Levi Glezen. Published at the
polite request of a select committee.
8vo, pp 20. Stockbridge, 1800. G. B.
Green, A. — A Discourse delivered at Maiden [Mass ], Jan
uary 8, 1800. A day devoted by the inhabitants publicly to
respect the memory of the illustrious George Washington,
who died December 14, 1799, aged 68. By Aaron
Green, A. M., pastor of the church in said town. Pub
lished at the request of the hearers. [Text, Isaiah iii,
part of the 1st, 2d, and 3d verses].
8vo, pp. 23. Medford [1800].
Am. Antiq. Soc ; B. A. ; B. IT.; H. U. ; G. B.
Greene, B. — An Eulogy on George Washington, late com
mander-in-chief of the American armies, who died Decem
ber 14, 1799. Pronounced at Berwick, January 4, 1800,
by. Benjamin Greene, A. M.
8vo, pp. 16. Portsmouth, N. H., 1800.
H. IT.; N. Y. H. S.;.M.
Griffith, W. — An Oration delivered to the citizens of Bur-
Ijrigton [N. J.], on the 22d of February, 1800, in com
memoration of General George Washington, who died at
Mount Vernon, Dee. 14, 1799, in the 68th year of his
age. By William Griffith, Esq., to which is added
(at the request of the committee) a prayer on the same

bibliographical list. 241
occasion, by Charles H. Wharton, D. D., and rector of St.
Mary's church in that city.
8vo, pp. 25. Trenton, MDCCC. B. A. ; N.r. H. S. ; G. L. ; J. L.
Griswold, S. — A Funeral Eulogium pronounced at New Mil
ford [Conn.], on the 22d day of February, 1800, being
the day recommended by Congress for publicly testifying
respect to the memory of George Washington, being also
his birthday. By Stanley Griswold, pastor of a church
in New Milford. [Text, Daniel v, 2.]
8vo, pp. 24. Litchfield [1800]. JB. IT. ; G. B. ; G. L. ; M.
Guirley, W. — * Funeral Sermon on the death of George Wash
ington, delivered before the Methodist Episcopal church,
Lynn, Jan. 7, 1800. By Rev. William Guirley.
Svo, pp. 22. Salem, 1800.
• Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. U. ; M. H. S. ; G. B.
Halsey, W. — An Oration delivered the 22d of February,
mdccc, before the brethren and a select audience, in the
hall of St. John's Lodge, No. 2, Newark, New Jersey, by
William Halsey, Esq.
8vo, pp. 23. Newark, 1800. N. Y. H. S.
Harris, T. M. — The fraternal tribute of respect paid to the
Masonic character of Washington in the Union Lodge in
-Dorchester [Mass J, January 7th, A. L. 5800.
8vo, pp. 14. Charlestown MDCCC.
[Contains resolutions and an address by Tiiaddeus Mason
Harris, and an extemporaneous dirge sung on the occa
sion, and a Masonic dirge composed by the Rev. T. M.
. Harris, at the request of tbe Grand Lodge of Massachu
setts. Set to music by the R. W. Br. Holden.]
A Discourse delivered at Dorchester [Mass.], December 29, 1799,
being the Lord's Day, after hearing the distressing intelli
gence of the Death of General George Washington, late
president of the United States, and commander-in-chief of

242 bibliographical list.
the American armies. By Thaddeus Mason Harris, A.
M. [Text, 2 Samuel, i, 19.]
8vo, pp. 16. Charleston, 1800.
B. A. ; B. IT. , H. IT. ; M. H. S. ; G. B. ; G. L. ; J. L. ; M.
Hart, L. — Religious Improvement of the death of Great Men.
A Discourse addressed to the congregation in the North
Society, December 29, 1799, occasioned by the death of
General George Washington, on the 14th December, 1799,
by Levi Hart, A. M., pastor of the North Church in
Preston [Conn.] [Text, 2 Samuel, iii, 38.]
8vo, pp. 26. Norwich, 1800. G. B. ; M.
Hemmenway, M. — A Discourse delivered at Wells [Maine],
on the 22d February, 1800, occasioned by the lamented
death of General George Washington. By Moses Hem
menway, D. D., pastor of the First Church in Wells.
8vo, pp. 16. Portsmouth [N. H.], 1800.
"Heupietas! Heu prisca fides ! invicta que bella deptim." — Virg.
B. U. ; G. B.
Hitchcock, E. — Discourse on. the dignity and excellence of
the human character illustrated in the life of George
Washington, delivered at Providence, Feb. 22, 1800. By
Rev. Enos Hitchcock.
Svo, pp. 32. Providence, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; B. IT. ; H. IT. ; M. H. S. ; N. Y. H. S. ;
G. B. ; G. L.
Holcombe, H. — A Sermon occasioned by the Death of Lieu
tenant General George Washington, late president of the
United States of America, who was born Februrary 11th,
1732, in Virginia, and died December 14th, 1799", on
Mount Vernon, his favorite seat in his native country;
first delivered in the Baptist Church, Savannah, Georgia,
January 19th, 1800, and now published at the request of
the honorable city council. By Henry Holcombe, minis-

bibliographical list. 243'
ter of the Word of God in Savannah. [Text, 2 Samuel,
iii, 38.]
" Mark the perfect man and behold the upright ; for the end of that
man is peace.— David."
4to, pp. 18, including an introductory hymn, a prayer, and
concluding hymn. Savannah [1800]. B. A. ; G. L. ; J. L. ; M.
Holmes, A. — A Sermon preached at Cambridge [Mass.], on
the Lord's Day, December 29, 1799, occasioned by the
death of George Washington, commander-in-chief of the
American armies, and late president of the United. States
of America, by Abiel Holmes. A. M., -pastor of the First
Church in Cambridge.
8vo, pp. 23 [with a hymn of one page written for the
occasion]. Cambridge, 1800. [Text, Isaiah, iii, 1, 2, 3.J
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. U.; H IT.; M. II. S., N. Y. H. S. ; G. B.;
G. L.; J. L.; M.
*The Counsel of Washington, recommended in a Discourse de
livered at Cambridge, February 22d, 1800, by Abiel
Holmes, A. M., pastor of the First Church in Cam
bridge. 8vo, pp. 23! Boston, 1800. [Text, Micah, iv, 9.] B. A.
Hopkins, D. — *Sermon preached December 29, 1799, on the
death of General George Washington, by Rev. Daniel
Hopkins.8vo,pp.28. Salem [1800].
B. IT.; C. H. S.; M. H. S. ; G. B.
Hotchkiss, F. W. — An Oration at Saybrook [Conn.], Febru
ary 22, 1800, the day set apart by the recommendation of
Congress for the people of the United States to testify
their grief for the death of General George Washington,
who died December 14, 1799, by Frederick W. Hotch- ,
KISS.
8vo, pp. 32. New London, 1800.
G. B.
32

"244 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
A Sermon before the Pythagoras Lodge of Free Masons in
Lyme, Connecticut, October 7th, 1800, by Frederick W.
Hotchkiss, minister of the First Church, Saybrook.
8vo, pp. 35. New London, 1800.
[Partly commemorative of Washington]. G. B.
Houdin, M. G. — A Funeral Oration on the death of George
Washington, delivered in the City Hall of Albany, in
presence of an august assemblage of citizens, on the 22d
of February, 1800, by Michael Gabriel Houdin, Major
in the late Revolutionary army of the United States.
4to, pp. 1 1. Albany, 1800 [with a rude copper-plate of the
author in military costume, and an oratorical attitude].
Am. Antiq.'Soc. ; B. A.; N. Y. H. S. ; N. Y. S. L. ; J. L. ; M.
Huntington, A. — A Sermon delivered at Topsfield [Mass.],
January 5, 1800, occasioned by the death of George Wash
ington, commander-in-chief of the American armies, and
late president ofthe United States, by Asahel Hunting
ton. A. M.
8vo, pp. 32. Salem, 1800. Includes " An Historical
Sketch," 3 pp. [Text, 1 Samuel, xxv, 1.] M.
Huntington, E. — An Oration delivered at Middletown,
in the state of Connecticut, February 22d, A. D. 1800, by
Enoch Huntington, A. M., pastor of the First Church
in Middletown. Genesis, 1, 10 : " They mourned with a
great and very sore lamentation."
Quis desiderio ait pud or, aut modus,
Tarn chari capitis ? Precipe lugubres,
Cantus, Melpomone, cui liquidam Pater
Vocem cum'cithara dedit. Horat.
8vo, pp. 9. Middletown, 1800. H. U.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.; M.
Huntington, J. — Fun eral Eulogy and Oration. ("Lieut.
William Steele, commanding at Fort Trumbull, having re
ceived orders from Major General Hamilton to pay funeral

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 245'
honors to the memory of General Washington, expressed
¦ a desire to unite for that purpose with the militia and
citizens. The proposal was readily accepted, and a com
mittee chosen to make the necessary arrangements. The
following Eulogy and Oration constituting a part of the
funeral solemnities, were delivered at the Presbyterian
church, on the 11th inst., before an immense audience,
and are now committed to the press at the request of the
committee. — Editor"). Eulogy by General J. Hunting
ton, pp. 8. Oration by Lyman Law, from p. 9 tap. 17.
M. H. S.; J. L.; M.
Huse, J. — A Discourse occasioned by the death of General
George Washington, late president of the United States,
who died December 14th, 1799; delivered in Warren
(District of Maine), on the 22d of February, 1800, at the
request of the inhabitants of the town, agreeably to the
recommendation of Congress, by Jonathan Huse, A. M.,
pastor of the Church in Warren. I have said ye are
Gods : but ye shall die like men, and fall like one of the
princes. Psalms, lxxxii, 6, 7. The memory of the just
is blessed. Proverbs, x, 7.
8vo, pp. 12. Wiscasset, 1800. B. A.; B. U.
Hymns and Odes composed on the death of General George
Washington, adapted to the 22d day of February, and
dedicated to those who please to sing them !
12mo. Portsmouth, N. H., 1800. Am. Antiq. Soc.
Isham, J. — An Oration commemorative of the illustrious
General Washington, delivered the 22d February, 1800,
at the Meeting House of the West Society of Colchester
[Conn.], at the. particular request of the inhabitants, by
Jirah Isham.
8vo, pp. 16. New London, 1800. G. B.
Jackson, W.— Eulogiunion the character of General Wash
ington, late president of the United States, pronounced

246 bibliographical list.
before the Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati, on the
22d day of February, 1800, at the German Reformed
Church in the city of Philadelphia [Penn.], by Major
William Jackson, aid-de-caaip to the late president of
the United States, and secretary general of the Cincinnati.
8vo, pp. 14. Philadelphia, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. IT.; H. IT.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.; G. L.; M.
Johnson, J. B. — * Eulogy on George Washington, by Rev.
John B. Johnson. [Text, Chron., xxix, 28.]
8vo, pp. 22. Albany, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; H. IT. ; N. Y. H. S. ; M.
Keith, I. S. — National Affliction and National Consolation. A
Sermon on tbe death of General George Washington,
late commander-in-chief of the armies and formerly presi
dent of the United States of America, who died at Mount
Vernon, December 14, 1799, in the 68th year of his age.
Delivered on the 12th of January, 1800, in the Independ
ent or Congregational church in Charleston, South Caro
lina, by Isaac- Stockton Keith, D. D., one of the
pastors of said church. [Text, 2 Chronicles xxxv, 24.]
8vo, pp. 30. B. U. ; H. U. ; M.
Kemp, J. — A Sermon delivered in Christ Church, Cambridge,
in Maryland, on the 22d of February, 1800, being the day
of mourning appointed by Congress for the death of Gen
eral George Washington, late president of the United
States, by James Kemp, A. M., rector of Great Choptank
parish. [Text,' Deut. xxxiv., 8.]
8vo, pp. 15. Easton [Md., 1800].
[Contains a hymn of one page, apparently by the author,
with which he says he took the liberty of opening the
services, as he had received no form from the bishop.]
B. A. ; G. L. ; J. L.
Kendall, J. — A Discourse delivered at Plymouth [Mass.],
February 22d, 1800, at the request of the inhabitants,
and in compliance with the recommendation of Congress,

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 247
as a testimony of grief for the death of General George
Washington, commander-in-chief of the American armies.
By James Kendall, A. M., pastor of the First Church
in Plymouth.
8vo, pp. 24. Plymouth, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; M. H. S ; B. A. ; B. U. ; H. U. ; G. B. ; M.
King, W. — * Discourse delivered in Chelsea, in the city of
Norwich, January 5, 1800, on the death of George Wash
ington, by Rev. Walter King, A. M.
8vo, pp. 22. Norwich, 1800. M. H. S. ; G. B.
Kinker, J. — Treurzang, Bij het Plechtig vieren der Mage-
dachtenis van Washington, in de Maatchoppij van ver-
diensten Felix Meritus, den 21 Maart 1800. Uitgespro-
ken door Mr. Johannes Kinker, advocat te Amsterdam. *
Te Amsterdam Bij Jten Brink Gerritsz in de Warmoes
straat No. 175, 1800. ..
8vo, 18 leaves, not numbered.
[Title, lleaf; dedication to John Adams, schildnap, presi
dent &c, " Inleidende aanspraak," 6 pages in prose and
" Treurzang" 20 pages in verse. Preceding the title is an
allegorical picture representing History interrupted
while writing by Fame (?) "who points to a tablet in
scribed "Washington, obiit MDCCXCLX. " Near this
figure is a lyre, and at the foot of History an escutcheon
inscribed "Felix Meritis."] H. IT.; J. L.
Kirkland, J. T. — A Discourse occasioned by the death of
General George Washington, delivered December 29,
1799. By John Thornton Kirkland, minister of the
New South church, Boston. To which is added the vale
dictory address of the late president of the people of, the
United States. [Text. Job xxix, 25.]
8vo, pp. 22. Boston, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; B. IT. ; H. IT. ; M. H. S. ; N. Y. H. S. ;
1ST. Y. S. L. ; G. B. ; G. L. ; J. L.
La' Fayette, M. de (?) — Epistle from the Marquis de Lafay
ette to General Washington, '-Non divitiis cum divite,

248 bibliographical list.
neque factione cum factioso ; sed cum strenuo virtute, cum
modesto pudore, cum innocente abstinentia certabat, esse
quam videri bonus malebat."
8vo, 457 lines. Edinburgh, 1800.
[Written during the life of General Washington, but printed
after his death.] M.
Langdon, C. — An Oration on the virtues and death of Gen
eral George Washington, late president. of the United
States, delivered at Castleton [Vt.], Feb. 22, 1800, agree
able to the recommendation of the president, by Chaun
cey Langdon.
8vo, pp. 27. Rutland [1800].
" Well may we grieve, nor find an end of grief,
Our best, our brightest favorite is no more." — Siienstone.
B. A. ; G. B. ; M.
Larzelere, J. — A Discourse on the death of General George
Washington, delivered in the township of Northampton,
Bucks couuty, Pennsylvania, on the 22d of February,
1800, by the Rev. Jacob Larzelere. [Text, 2 Samuel,
iii, part of 38th verse.]
8vo, pp. 18. Mount Holly, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; N. Y. H. S. ; G. B.
Law, Lyman. — [See Huntington, J.]
Ledyard, I. — An Oration delivered on Saturday, the 22d
of February, 1800, at Newtown [N. Y.], being the day
recommended by Congress to be observed in funeral
solemnities on account of the death of General George
Washington, by appointment of the different congrega
tions of that place, through their joint committee on the
¦ Saturday preceding, and published by their direction,
by Dr. Isaac Ledyard.
8vo, pp. 16. Brooklyn, 1800.
Includes an Ode composed and set to music by Mr. Stephen
Hoyt, Licentiate in Divinity, at the request of the com
mittee. M.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 249
Lee, E.— *Oration delivered in Sheffield, Feb. 22, 1800, in mem
ory of General. George Washington, by Elisha Lee, Esq.
4to, pp. 10. Stockbridge, 1800. . B.A.; M. H. S.
Lee, H. — A Funeral Oration in honor of the memory of
George Washington, late general of the armies of the
United States. Prepared and delivered at the request of
Congress, at the German Lutheran Church, Philadelphia,
on Thursday, the 26th December, 1799, by Major General
Henry Lee.
[The original edition was in 4to, pp. 20, with an allegorical
plate. There were many editions of this oration printed,
among which were those of Brooklyn, Boston, London,
Portsmouth, Philadelphia, &c. It wasreprinted in many
newspapers, and in every collection of papers relating
to the death of Washington that was published.]
General Washington ! — A Funeral Oration on his death
by Major General Lee; also an Eulogy by Judge Minot.
Svo, pp. 28. London, 1800.
- [With full title page to Lee's eration, and half title to Minot's.]
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; B. IT. ; C. H. S. ; H. IT. ; M. H. S. ;
N. Y. H. S.; N. Y. S. L. ; G. B. ; G. L. ; J. L. ; M.
Leonard, D. A. — An Oration .occasioned by the death of
General George Washington, pronounced in the First Bap
tist meeting house in the city of New York, on February
22, 1800, at the invitation of the corporation of the church,
and published at their request, by David A. Leonard,
A. B.
8vo, pp. 22. New York, 1800. N. Y. H. S.
Lewis, E. — An Eulogy on the life and character of his Ex
cellency, George Washington, Esq., late president of the
United States. Delivered at Lenox [Mass.], February
22; 1800, by Eldad Lewis, Esq. Published at the
request of the audience.
12mo, pp. 20. Pittsfield, 1800. [Poetical].
•' When such friends part, 'tis the survivor dies." — Young.
G. B. ; J. L. ; M.

250 bibliographical List.
Life of Gen. W.— Life of General George Washington, inter
spersed with biographical anecdotes of the most eminent
men, who effected the American revolution.
Svo, London, 1800. New York, 12mo,, 1807.
Linn, J. B. — The death of Washington ; a Poem in imita
tion of the manner of Ossian; by Rev. John Blair
Linn, A. M., minister of the First Presbyterian congre
gation of Philadelphia :
" The time will come when destiny and death,
Thron'd in a burning car, the thundering wheels
Arm'd with gigantic scythes of adamant,
Shall scour these fields of death ; and in the rear
The fiend Oblivion : Kingdoms, empires, worlds,
Melt in the general blaze ; when, lo, from high
Andraste darting catches from the wreck
The roll of Fame, claps her ascending plumes
And stamps on Orient stars each patriot name
Round her eternal dome." — Mason.
8vo, pp. 20. Phila., 1S00. B. A.; H. U.; N. Y. H. S. ; J. L.
Linn, W. — Funeral Eulogy on the death of George Washing
ton, delivered Feb. 22, 1800, before the New York State
Society of Cincinnati, by Rev. William Linn, D. D.
8vo, pp. 44. New York, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A. ; M. H. S.; N. Y.iH. S. ; N. Y. S. L. ; G. B.;
G. L.; J. L.; M.
Lisle, H. M.— An Oration delivered at Hingham in compli
ance with the request of a number 6f the inhabitants, on
Saturday the 22d of February, 1800, the anniversary of
the birth, and the day appointed by the government of the
United States for public national mourning for the death
of the father of his country and friend of Mankind.
General George Washington ; by Henry Maurice
Lisle, attorney at law.
8vo, pp. 22. Boston, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. IT.; H. U.; N. Y. S. L.

bibliographical list. ' 251
Love, C. — A Poem on the death of General George Washing
ton, late president of the United States, in two books;- by
Charles Love. " Ni mihi contingat vivere, itaque
mori." 12mo, pp. 60. Alexandria, Va., MDCCC.
Includes in last four pages, list of subscribers, 97 in number.
Dedicated to John Adams, President of the United Slates. M.
Lovett, J.— A Tribute to Washington, for Feb. 22, 1800.
4to, pp. 15. Troyj 1800.
Exegi monumentum sere perennis,
Regaliaque situ pyramidum altius ;
Quod non imber edax, non Aquilio impotens
Possit diruere, aut innumerabilis
Annorum seres, et fuga temporum. — Horace.
[Published anonymously, but understood to have been written by
John Lovett.] C. H. S.; N. Y. H. S.; M.
MacClintock, S. — An Oration commemorative of the late
illustrious General Washington, pronounced at Greenland
[N. H.], Feb. 22, 1800, according to a recommendation of
the Congress of the United States, by Samuel MacClin
tock, D. D.
8vo, pp. 16. Portsmouth, 1800. M. H. S.; G. B.; M.
McClure, D. — Discourse commemorative of the death of
George Washington, delivered at East Windsor, Conn.,
Feb. 22, 1800, by Rev. David McClure.
Svo, pp. 23. East Windsor, 1800.
B. U.; H. U.; M. H. S.; G. B.; J. L.
McGaw, J. — *An Eulogy pronounced at Merrimack, Feb. 22,
1800, by Jacob McGaw, A. M. G. B.
McKeehan, D, — *Address delivered at Greensburgh, in
Westmoreland county, in the state of Pennsylvania, on
the anniversary of the birth of the late illustrious hero,
statesman and citizen, George Washington, by David
McKeehan.
[Reprinted in the Lancaster Was hingtoniana. ]
33

252 bibliographical 'list.
MacWhorter, A. — A Funeral Sermon preached in Newark
[N. J.], December 27, 1799, a day of public mourning- ob
served by the town for the universally lamented General
' Washington, late president of the United States, who
died the fourteenth of the same month ; to which is sub
joined his last address to his beloved countrymen, by
Alexander MacWhorter, D. D., pastor of the First
Presbyterian Church in Newark. [Text, Deut. xxxiv, 5.J
' 8vo, pp. 44. Newark, MDCCC. B. A.; N. Y. H. S.; M.
Madison, J. — Discourse on the death of General Washing
ton, late president of the United States; delivered on the
22nd day of February, 1800, in the Church in. Williams-
burgh, by James Madison, D. D., bishop, of the Pro
testant Episcopal church in Va., and president of
William and Mary's College.
2d ed., Svo, pp. 42, New York, 1800.
The above was reprinted in London by Hatchard ; also at Philadel
phia in 1831, in 8vo, pp. 40.
B. A.; N. Y. H. S.; N. Y. S. L.; G. B.; G. L.; J. L.
Magaw, S. — An Oration commemorative of the virtues and
greatness of General Washington, pronounced in Phila
delphia, before the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, Feb.
22, 1800, by Samuel Magaw, D. D. 8vo, pp. 44,
Philadelphia, 1800. Republished at the request of the
principal officers and a number of the members of the
Grand Lodge of Connecticut.
8vo, pp. 23. Newfield, 1800. B. A.; M.
Marsh, E. G. — An Oration delivered at Wethersfield [Conn.],
February 22, 1800, on the death of General George
Washington, who died December 14, 1799, by Ebenezer
Grant Marsh. Published by request.
" Nature can't bring in every period forth,
A finished hero, of exalted worth,
Whose godlike genius, towering and sublime,

bibliographical list. 253
Must long lie ripening in the womb of time ;
Before a Washington comes on the stage,
The birth of years, the labor of an age,
In field, and council, born the palm to share,
His voice a senate, as his sword a war ;
And each illustrious action of his life
Conspire to form the patriot and the chief."— t-Pitt.
8vo, pp. 16. Hartford, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B. ; J. L.; M.
Mason, J. M. — A Funeral Oration delivered in the brick
Presbyterian, church in the city of New York, on the
22nd day of February, 1800, being the day recommended
by Congress to the citizens of the United States, publicly
to testify their grief for the death of General Washington,
by appointment of a number of the clergy of New York,
and published' at their request, by John M. Mason,
A. M., pastor of the Associate Reformed church in the
city of New York.
8vo, pp. 23 ; two editions. New York, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. U.; II. IT.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S.; N. Y. S.
L. ; G. B.; G. L.; J. L.; M.
Mead, S. — A Sermon delivered December 29, 1799, occasioned
by the death of General George Washington, who died
December 14th, 1799, in his 68th year, by Samuel
Mead, A. M., pastor of tb$ Church in Danvers [Mass.].
[Text,. 2 Samuel, iii, 38.]
Svo', pp. 24. Salem, 1800. B. IT.; G. B.
Memory of Washington, comprising a Sketch of his life
and character, and the National testimonials of respect.
Also, a collection of Eulogies and Orations, with a copious
Appendix. [12mo, pp. 246, with six pages of subscribers'
names. Newport, R. I. Printed by Oliver Farnsworth,
1800. A wretchedly engraved portrait from Savage's pic
ture, executed by William Hamlin, of Providence, faces
the title. The contents are : Character of Washington
(six pages), Dr. Morse's Biography; Proceedings in Con
gress; General Orders of Army and Navy; Particulars of

254 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
his Death and Funeral; The Orations of General H. Lee,
T. Paine, G. R. Minot, G. Blake, F. Ames, and in part
those of Dr. Wharton and L. Fontanes. The Appendix
contains extracts of Washington's Messages,' Will, &c, .
and other papers relating to his life and character. A
second volume was proposed, but never published.]
B. IT. ; N. Y. H. S.; G. L: ; J. L.
Merrick, P. — An Eulogy on the character of the late General
George Washington, the Pride of America, the Glory of
the World, pronounced before the inhabitants of the town
of Brookfield [Mass.], on Saturday, the' 22d of February,
1800, by Pliny Merrick, Esq ; printed at the request
of said town, expressed by their vote.
8vo, pp. 14. Brookfield, 1800.
Am; Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. U. ; M. II. S. ; G. B.; M. .
Message from the President of the United States, transmit
ting the Original Letter from Mrs. Washington in answer
to a letter from him written in pursuance of the resolution
of Congress requesting her Majesty to assent to the inter
ment of the remains of General Washington in the Capitol
at the city of Washington, 8th January, 1800. Referred
to the Joint Comu.ittce appointed to prepare and report
measures expressive of the profound sorrow with which
Congress is penetrated on the death of General, Washing
ton. 8vo, pp. 17. [Printed in connection with General Lee's
Oration.] Pub. Doc.
Messinger, R. — An Oration delivered at Old York, on the
death of George Washington, late president, and com
mander-in-chief of the armies of the United States of
America, who departed this life at Mount Vernon, on the
14th of December, in the 69th year of his age, by the
Rev. Roswell Messinger, pastor colleague with the Rev.
Mr. Lyman, of the First Church in Old York, Maine.
8vo, pp. 16. Charlestown, 1800.
B. A.; B. U.; H. U.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 255
Miles, N.— *Sermon at Temple [N. H.], February 22, 1800,
on the death of George Washington, by Rev. Noah Miles.
8vo, Amherst, 1 800. Am. Antiq. Soc; H. IT.
Miller, A. — A Sermon occasioned by the death of General
Washington, delivered at Greenbush [N. Y.], on the 22d
day of February, 1800, by Alexander Miller, A. M.
8vo, pp. 15. Albany, 1800. [Text, 2Chron., xxiv, 15, 16.]
B. II.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S.; N. Y. S. L.; M.
Miller, S. — Sermon delivered December 29, 1799, occasioned
by the death of General George Washington, late president
of the United States and commander-in-chief of the armies,
by Samuel Miller, A. M. One of the ministers of the
United Presb. churches in the city of New York.
8vo, pp. 39. New York, 1800. [Text, 1 Chron., xxix, 12.]
B. A.; B. TT.; H. IT.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S.; N. Y. S. L.; G. B.; G.
L.; J. L.; M.
Minot, G. R. — An Eulogy on George Washington, late com
mander-in-chief of the armies of the United States of
America, who died December 14; 1799, delivered before
the. inhabitants of the town of Boston, at the request of
their Committee [January 9, 1800], by George Richards
Minot, A. M., A. A. S.
8vo, 2d edition, pp. 24. Boston [1800].
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A:; B. U.; H..U.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S.; N.
Y. S. L ; G. B.; G. L.; M.
Moody, S. — A Sermon preached at Arundel. January 12, 1800,
on the death of George Washington, by Silas Moody,
A. M., pastor of the Church in said town. Published by
special request.
8vo,.pp. 16. Portsmouth, N. H., 1800. [Text, 2 Kings,
ii, 12.] N, Y. H. S.; G. B.
Morison, W. — A Sermon delivered at the request of the
elders and other church, members of the Presbyterian
Society in the West Parish -of Londonderry [N. H.], Jan
uary 1st, 1800, on the death of General George Wash-

256 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
ington, by William Morison. Printed at the desire of
the hearers. [Text, 2 Samuel, i, 27.]
8vo, pp. 18. Newburyport [1800].
 . — An Oration delivered at the request of the Offi

cers of the assembled Cavalry and Infantry, and other
Militia Officers, on the 22d of February, 1800, in the
West Parish of Londonderry [N. II.], in commemoration
of the death of General George Washington, by William
Morison. Printed at the general desire of the hearers.
8vo, printed with paging continuous of the preceding.
Total pp. 32. Has a biographical note of 3 pages. B. A.
Morrell, T. — *A Sermon on the death of General George
Washington, delivered February 22, 1800, in the city of
Baltimore, by Thomas Morrell. Baltimore, 1800.
B. A.; B. U.; Phila. Lib.;.G. L.
Morris, G. — An Oration on the death of General Washing
ton, delivered at the request of the Corporation of the
city of New York, December 31, 1799, and published at
their request, by Gouverneur Morris.
8vo, pp. 24. New York, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. IT.; N. Y, H. S.; N. Y. S. L.; G. B.;
G. L.; J. L.; M.
Morris, J. — An Oration delivered in South Farms, in Litch
field [Conn.], February 22, 1800, commemorative of the
death of General George Washington, who died Decem
ber 14th, 1799, in the 68th year of his age, by James
Morris. Esq.
• " We must all die and turn to dust,
Though man is mortal, God is just."
8vo, pp. 29. Litchfield [1800]. G. B.; M.
Morse, J. — A Prayer and Sermon delivered at Charlestown,
Dec. 31, 1799, on the. death of George Washington, late
president and commander-in-chief of the armies of the
United States of America, with an additional sketch of

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 257
his life; by Rev. Jedediah Morse. [Text, Deut. xxxiv.,
5, 7, 8.] To which is prefixed an account of the proceed
ings of the town on the melancholy occasion ; written by
Josiah Bartlett, Esq.
8vo, pp. 82. Charlestown, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. IT.; H. IT.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.; G. L.; J. L.; M.
Proceedings of the town of Charlestown in the county of
Middlesex and commonwealth of Massachusetts in re
spectful testimony of the distinguished talents and pre
eminent virtues of the late George Washington.
Charlestown, January, MDCCC. Contains, proceedings
of a public meeting, programme, prayer. Sermon from
Deut. xxxiv., 5, 7, 8. The prayer and sermon were by
Rev. Dr. Morse. Reprinted in London, by J. Baterson,
1800. 8vo, pp. 36 ; containing in addition Dr. Morse's
, biographical sketch of General Washington, 6 pp., note,
particulars of his death, his funeral and correspondence
between President and Mrs. W. J. L.
Moseley, J. 0. — An Oration delivered a* East Haddam, in
the state of Connecticut at the request of the inhabitants
of the First Society in that town, on the 22nd of Feb
ruary, A. D. 1800, by Jonathan Ogden Moseley.
8vo, pp. 18. Hartford, 1800!
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. IT.; N. Y. H. S.; M. H. S.; G. B.
Music. — Arrangement of the Music at the Funeral Solemni
ties in honor of General Washington. Philadelphia, De
cember 26, 1799.
8vo, pp. 6. Philadelphia, 1800.
Music in commemoration of the death of George Washing
ton. Boston, 1800. Am. Antiq. Soc.
Mycall, J. — A Funeral Address on the death of the late
General George Washington, interspersed with sketches
- of, and observations on his life and character. Delivered
in the Baptist meeting house in Harvard, Mass., Feb. 22,

258 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
1800, by John Mycall, at the request of the Baptist
Society.
"The righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance." — David.
8vo, pp. 27. Boston, [1800.] Am. Antiq. Soc; B. IT.; G. L.
Niles, S. — The Vanity of Man, considered in a Sermon de
livered February 22, 1800, commemorating the death of
George Washington, late president of the United States;
by Samuel Niles, pastor of the church in Abington,
Mass. [Text, Psalms xxxix, 5.]
8vo, pp. 23. Boston, MDCCC.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.; M.
O'Brien, M. — Oration on the death of General George Wash-
ton, addressed to the Catholic congregation of St. Mary's
church, of Albany,' by the Rev. Matthew O'Brien, D. D.,
pastor of the same, for February 22, 1800, the day ap
pointed by Congress.
Albany Gazette, February 27, 1800. N. Y. S. L.
Ogden, U. — Two Discourses occasioned by the death of
General George Washington, at Mount Vernon, Dec. 14,
1799, by the Rev. Uzal Ogden, D. D., Rector of Trinity
church, Newark, in the state of New Jersey, delivered in
that church and in the church in union with it, at Bell-
ville, December 29, 1799, and January 5th, 1800.
[Texts of both sermons, 2 Samuel, iii, 38.] Published by
desire. Svo, pp. 46 ; with notes. Newark, MDCCC.
Dedicated to President Adams.
B. A.; M. H. S.; H. IT.; N. Y. H. S.; G.L.; J. L.; M.
Orations (Anonymous). — An Oration pronounced at Hanover,
New Hampshire, January 9, 1800, at request of Franklin
Lodge No. 6, in memory of their illustrious brother the
beloved Washington, who died at Mount Vernon, Dec.
14,1799. Published by desire.
Svo, pp. 17. Hanover [N. H.], 1800.

bibliographical list. 259
An Oration in memory of the virtues of General George
Washington, delivered at Lovett's Hotel, N. Y., on the
evening of 22nd February, 1800, before a Literary
Society; and published by their order, by a member.
8vo, pp. 23. New York, 1800. N. Y. H. S.; M.
Sketch of a Discourse occasioned by the death'of the later
General Washington.
Svo, pp. 20. Dublin, 1800. B. A.
Ah Eulogy oo the virtues of General George Washington,
who died December 14, 1799 ; delivered before the in
habitants of the town of Augusta [Maine], at the request
of their committee. •
12mo, pp'. 18. Hallowell, 1800.
Orr, B.— *Oration at Bedford, Mass., Feb. 22, 1800, on the
death of George Washington, by Benjamin Orr.
8vo, Amherst, N. H., 1800. Am. Antiq. Soc.
Osgood, D. — A Discourse delivered December 29, 1799, the
Lord's day immediately following the melancholy tidings
of the loss sustained by the nation in the de.ath of its most
eminent citizen George Washington, who departed this
life' on the 14th instant, astatis 65 ; by. David Osgood,
D. D., pastor of the church in Medford, Mass. Published
in compliance with a vote of the town, to furnish each
family with a copy, together with the Farewell Address of
the late president, in one book. [Text, 2 Samuel, iii, 38.]
8vo, pp. 19. Boston, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. IT.; H. IT.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.;
G. L.; M.
Paine, S. — *An Eulogy on General George Washington, in
the presence " of the Grand Lodge of South Carolina,
February 22, 1800, by Seth Paine.
18-ino, Charleston, 1800. H. IT,; G. B.; G. L.
Paine, T. — An Eulogy on the life of General George Wash-
.34

260 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
ington, who died at Mount Vernon, December 14th, 1799,
in the 68 th year of his age. Written at the request of
the citizens of Newburypsrt [Mass.], and delivered at the
Presbyterian meeting house in that town, January 2nd,
1800, by Thomas Paine, A. M.
"Oh! for a muse of lire, that would ascend
The brightest heaven of invention !
An empire for a stage, heroes to act,
And angels to behold the swelling scene !
Then should the mighty shade again assume
His local habitation and hiss name,
Mantling our sphere with his supernal 'glory !
Virtue and fame should pioneer his way
Thro' planets wonder struck, while at his heels,
Valor and victory (leasht in like hounds)
Crouch for employment."
8vo,pp.23. Newburyport, 1800. Reprinted, London, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.;. B. IT.; H. II.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S.s N. Y.
¦S. L.; G. B.; G. L.; M.
Eulogy on George Washington, delivered in the Presbyterian
Church, Newburyport, January 2, 1800, by Thomas
Paine, A. M.. not author of the Crisis. 8vo, pp. 16.
Geneva, N. Y., 1841. Reprinted also in part in Albany
Evening Journal, March 12, 1855, and Albany Daily
State Register, February 23, 1855.
Parish, E. — An Oration delivered at Byfield [Mass.], Feb.-
22nd, 1800, the day of national mourning for the death
of General George Washington, by the Rev. Elijah
Parish, A. M. With an elegiac poem of 4 pages.
Svo, pp. 32. Newburyport [1800].
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. U.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.; G. L.; M.
Parker, I. — An Oration on the- sublime virtues of General
George Washington, late president of the United States,
pronounced before the -inhabitants of Portland, Maine,
February 22d, 1800, by appointment of the selectmen
agreeable to the vote of the town, by Isaac Parker.
8vo, pp. 24. Portland, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A,; B. IT.; G. B.; M.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 261
Patten, W.* — A Discourse delivered in the Second Congre
gational church, Newport [R. I.], December 29th, 1799,
occasioned by the death of General George Washington,
commander-in-chief of the armies of the United States
of America, who died December 14, 1799, set: 68, by
William Patten, A. M., minister of said church. Pub
lished at the request of the society. [Text, 2 Samuel iii, 33.]
Svo, pp. 19. Newport, MDCCO.
It appears from an advertisement that two discourses by Mr. Patten
were published.
B. A.; B. U.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S ; G. B.; G. L.
Payson, P. — A Sermon delivered at Chelsea [Mass.], January
14, 1800, a day devoted by the inhabitants of said town
to pay their tribute of grief on the sorrowful event of the
death of General Washington; by the Rev. Phillips
Payson, A. M., pastor of the church in said town. [Text,
2 Samuel, xv, 23.]
Svo, pp. 15. Charlestown, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. IT.; H. IT.; M. H. S.; G. B.; M.
Peirce, P. — An Eulogy, pronounced on the 22nd of February,
1800, before the inhabitants of Greenfield, Massachusetts,
assembled to commemorate the death of General George
Washington, late commander-in-chief of the American
armies ; by Proctor Peirce, A. M.
ITnus fortissimorum, illustrissimorum
Et clarissimorum hominum, hodie, casus est;
In bello magnus erat, in pace sapientissimus. ¦
Est sibi una mens sue in prosperitate sue adversis.
 Americos !  Moerite,  Hoe rite ! !
8vo, pp. 16. Greenfield, 1800. B. U.
Phildips, C. — A Tribute to the memory of the late General
Washington, president of the United States of America ;
by Charles Phillips, in answer to a toast given at a
dinner near Killarney, where Mr. Phillips and Mr. Payne
the American actor were present.
8vo, pp. 12. London, N. D. N. Y. H. S.

262 bibliographical list.
Pierce, J. — An- Eulogy on George Washington, the Great and
the Good, delivered on the anniversary of his birth, at
Brookline [Mass.], and published at the request of its in
habitants, by John Pierce, their minister.
8vo, pp. 24. Boston, 1800. B. A.; B. IT.; G. B.; G. L.; M.
Porter, D. — Two Discourses; the first occasioned by the
death of General Washington, delivered at Spencertown
[N. Y.], January 10, 1800. The second, delivered on a
Thanksgiving occasion at the same place, December 13,
1799, by David Porter. [Text, 2 Samuel, i, 27, and
Rev. xi, 17.]
12mo, pp. 33. Hudson, MDCCC. B. A.; Dr. S. S. Purple.
Porter, E. — An Eulogy on George Washington, late com
mander of the armies and the first president of the
United States of America, who died on the 14th of Decem
ber, 1799, aetatis 68 ; delivered January 14, 1800, before
the inhabitants of the town of Roxbury [Mass.], at the
request of their committee and. published in compliance
with their wishes, by Eliphalet Porter, one of the min
isters of said town.
8vo, pp. 22. Boston, [1800.]
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. II.; H. IT.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S. ; G. B. ;
J. L.; M.
Prince, J.— Tart of a Discourse delivered December 29,
1799, recommending the improvement of Time, by Rev.
John Prince.
8vo,pp. 24. Salem, 1800. C. H. S.; M. H. S.; B. U.; G. B.
Ramsay, D. — An Oration on the death of Lieutenant-General
George Washington, late president of the United States,
who died December 14, 1799, delivered in St. Michael's
church, January 15, 1800, at the request of the inhabi
tants of Charleston, South Carolina, and published at their
desire, by David Ramsay, M. D.
" 8vq, pp. 30. Charleston, MDCCC.
Am*. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; H. IT.; M. H. S.; G. B.; G. L.; M.;

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 263
Richards, G. — The Accepted of the Multitude of his
Brethren. Historical Discourse in commemoration of the
services, &c, of George Washington, by Rev. George
Richards.
4to, pp. 83. Portsmouth, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc. ; B. A.; M. H. S.; N. Y-. H. S.; G. B.
 . — Hymns composed on the death of General Wash-
ington, and sung at the Universal Meeting House,
Portsmouth, N. H., January, 1800. [By George
Richards.]
8vo, pp. A. H. IT.; N. Y. H. S.
Richardson, J. — An Oration delivered in Tewksbury, 22nd
February, 1800, in honor of General George Washington,
by Joseph Richardson, a member of the Sophomore
Class of Dartmouth College.
Svo, pp. 8. Medford, Mass., 1800. C. H. S.; G. B.
Bobbins, T. — An Oration occasioned by the death of General
George Washington, delivered at Danbury [Conn.], an a
day appointed to commemorate that melancholy event,
January 2, MDCCC. To which is added a sketch of his
life. By Thomas Bobbins, A. M.
8vo,-pp. 16. Danbury [1800].
The sketch of General Washington's life occupies nine pages. M.
Roberdeau, I. — An Oration upon the death of General
George Washington, pronounced before the officers ofthe
second brigade, fourth division of the militia of New
Jersey, at Johnsonbury, Sussex county, on the 22nd of
February, 1800. Published at their request by Isaac
Roberdeau, major of brigade.
Philadelphia, 1800. B. A.
Roche, E. — A Funeral Oration on the death of General
George Washington ; prepared at the request of the
Society of Cincinnati, of the State of Delaware, and pro-

264 bibliographical list.
nounced at Wilmington, on the 22nd of February, 1800 ;
by Edward Roche, Secretary of the Society.
Cultivate the virtues of j our fathers,
Valor, truth, and temperance, and justice.
""Who shall dare, if thus renewed, ye feel
Your innate dignity ; when bold to act,
And clear to penetrate, ye know the force
And worth of Independence ; who shall dare,
Provoke your vengeance ? — Richardson.
With one page of stanzas and one of a sketch of funeral procession.
8vo, pp. 15. Wilmington, 1800. N. Y. H. S.
Rogers, W. — The Prayer delivered on Saturday the 22nd of
February, 1800, in the German Reformed Church, Phila
delphia, before the Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati,
by William Rogers, D. D., one of the members of said
society, and professor of English and Belles Lettres in the
University of Pennsylvania.
8vo, pp. 12. Philadelphia, 1800.
Includes three hymns, occupying three pages.
B. A.; G. L.; J. L.; 11.
Russell, J. M. — A Funeral Oration on General George
Washington, by John Miller Russell, Esq.
Svo, pp.. 22. Boston, 1800.
There is nothing in this oration to show when or where it was de
livered. It is probably only an essay, that was never delivered
before an audience. B. A.;B. H. Hall.
Sacred Dirges, Hymns and Anthems, commemorative of
the death of General George Washington, the guardian -of
his country and the Friend of Man. An original compo
sition by a citizen of Massachusetts.
Long 4to, pp. 29, Boston [1800]. H. XT.
Sanders, D. C. — A Discourse in commemoration of General
George Washington, by Rev. Daniel Clarke Sanders,
D. D.
4to; pp. 20. Burlington, Vt., 1800.. B. A; M. H. S.; G. B.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 265
Savage, E. — *Eulogy on General George Washington, at
Salem [Mass.], February 22, 1800, by Ezekiel Savage.
8vo.' Salem, 1800. Am. Antiq. Soc; B. IT.
A Selection of Orations and Eulogies pronounced in dif-i
ferent parts of the United States, in commemoration of the
life, virtues, and pre-eminent services of General George
Washington, who- died at Mount Vernon, December' 14,
1709, in the 68th year of his. age. Printed by Samuel
Preston. " O what a fall was there, my countrymen ! —
Never came such division 'tween our souls ! —
We ne'er shall look upon his like again !" — Shakespeare.
12mo, pp. 167. Amherst, New Hampshire, 1800.
Contains the Orations of General H. Lee, G. R. Minot, Fisher Ames,
-S. S. Smith, C. H. Atherton, T. Paine, J. McGaw, and B. Orr,
with Washington's Farewell Address.
B. U.; W. E. Woodward; Dr. S. S.- Purple.
Sewall, D. — An Eulogy occasioned by the death of General
Washington, pronounced at the Middle Parish in Kittery,
N. H., February 22, 1800; by Daniel Sewall, Esq.
"Let me die the death of the righteous, and let my last end be like
his." 8vo, pp. 20. Portsmouth, N. H., 1800.
B. II.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.
Sewall, J. M. — An Eulogy on the late General Washington,
pronounced at St. John's church in Portsmouth, N. H.,
31st December, 1799, at the request of the inhabitants,
by Jonathan Mitchell Sewall.
8vo,. pp. 28. Portsmouth, N. H., 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc, B. A.; H. IT.; G. B.
Smith, J.' — An Oration on the death of George Washington ;
delivered at Exeter, February 22, 1800, by Jeremiah
Smpth.
8vo, pp. 31.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. II.; H. II.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.

266 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
Smith, J. — An Oration on the death of General George
Washington, delivered at All-Saints' Parish, S. C, on the
22nd of February, 1800, by Dr. Joseph Smith.
Boston, 1800.
Reprinted in Eulogies and Orations. B. A.; N. Y. S. L. ,
Smith, S. S. — An Oration upon the death of General George
Washington, delivered in the State House at Trenton, on
the 14th of January, 1800 ; by the Rev. Samuel Stan
hope Smith, D. D., president of the College of New
Jersey; and published at the desire of the committee of
the citizens, &c., of Trenton, at whose request "it was pro
nounced. 8vo, pp. 45. Trenton, 1800. Reprinted, 1817.
B. A.; B. U.; H. II.; M. H. S. ; N. Y. H. S. ; N. Y. S. L.; G. B. ;
J. L. ; M.
Spaulding, J. — *Sermon preached at the Tabernacle in
Salem, December 29, 1799, on the death of General
Washington, by Rev. Joshua Spaulding.
8vo, pp. 20. Salem [1800]. B. II.; C. H. S.; M. H. S.; G. B.
Spring, S. — God the Author of Human Greatness. A Dis
course on the death of General George Washington ;
delivered at the North Congregational church in .Newbury
port [Mass.], December 29, 1799, by Samuel Spring,
pastor. [Text, 1 Chronicles, xxix, 12].
8vo, pp. 28. Newburyport" [1800]. B. A.; B. U.; G. B.; G. L.; M.
Stearns, E. — An Eulogium on General George Washington ;
spoken at Tolland [Conn.], on the 22nd of February,
1800; at the request of the inhabitants; by Elisha
Stearns, Esq.
12mo, pp. 24. East Windsor, July 29, 1800. G. B. ; J. L.
Stillman, S. — A Sermon occasioned by the death of George
Washington, late commander-in-chief of the armies of

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 267
the United States of America, who died December 14,
1799, aged 68, by Samuel Stillman, D. D., minister
of the First Baptist church in Boston. [Text, 2 Chroni
cles, xxxii, 33.]
8vp, pp. 26. Boston, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. II.; H. IT.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.; G. L.
Stone, E. — A Discourse delivered at Reading [Mass.], Feb
ruary 22d, 1800, the day recommended by Congress to the
observance of the people of the United States by their
assembling in such manner as might be convenient and
publicly testifying their grief on the death and their re
spect for the memory of General George Washington, by
Eliab Stone, A. M., minister of the Second Church in
Reading. [Text, Psalms cxii, 6.]
8vo, pp. 23. Boston, 1800.
[Contains a hymn prepared for the occasion.] B. IT.; G. B.
Story, I. — Eulogy on George Washington, delivered at Ster
ling [Mass.], February 22, 1800, by Rev. Isaac Story.
Svo, Worcester, 1800. Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. IT.; G. B.
Story, J. — An Eulogy on General George Washington,
written at the request of the inhabitants of Marblehead
[Mass.], and delivered before them on the second day of
January, 1800, by Joseph Story, A. B. Includes an
Elegy to the memory of Washington; 8 pp.
8vo, pp. 24. Salem, 1800. B. A.; B. II.; H. U.; M. H. S.; G. B.
Strong, J. — A Sermon preached at Norwich [Conn.], on
hearing of the death of General George Washington, who
died December 14th, 1799, aetat 6.8, by Joseph Strong,
pastor ofthe First Church in Norwich. [Text, 2 Samuel,
i, 27.]
- 8vo, pp. 17. Norwich, 1800. B. IT.; M. H. S.; M.
Strong, N. — A. Discourse delivered on Friday, December 27,

268 bibliographical list.
1799, the day set apart by the citizens of Hartford [Ct.],
to lament before God the death of General George Wash
ington, who died December 14, 1799, by Nathan Strong,
pastor of the North Presbyterian church in Hartford.
With Biographical Notice of General Washington, 5 pp.
[Text, Exodus xi, 3.]
8vo, pp. 31. Hartford, 1.800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. IT.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.; M.
Sumner, C. P. — -Eulogy on the illustrious George Washing
ton, pronounced at Milton [Mass.], twenty-second Febru
ary, 1800, by Charles Pinckney Sumner.
8vo, pp. 24. Dedham, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A-; B. U.; N. Y. H. S.; G..B.; G. L.; M.
Taggart, S. — A Discourse delivered at Colrain [Mass.], Feb
ruary 22d, 1800, the day recommended by Congress, and
the Legislature of Massachusetts, for the public testifying
of our respect to the memory of that late illustrious states
man and singular benefactor to his country, General George
Washington, who died December 14, 1799, by Samuel
Taggart, A. M. [Text, 2 Chronicles, xxxii,33.]
8vo, pp. 38. Greenfield [Mass.], 1800. B. A.; G. B.
Tappan, D. — Discourse delivered before the University in
Cambridge, February 21, 1800', in commemoration of
George Washington, by Rev. David Tappan.
8vo, pp. 44. Cambridge, 1800. [Published with Presi
dent Willard's Latin Eulogy.]
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. U.; H. IT.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S.; G. L.;
J. L.; M.
Terry, E. — A Sketch of the Life and Character of General
George Washington.
• Sq. 18mo,pp. 64 [1800]. Printed at Palmer [Mass.], by
Ezekiel Terry.
[Written, probably, by the printer.] G. B.
Thacher, P. — A Sermon occasioned by the death of General
George Washington, and preached February 22, 1800, by
their direction, before His Honor. Moses Gill, Esq., com-

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 269
mander-in- chief, and the Honorable Council, the Honora
ble Senate and House of Representatives of the common
wealth of Massachusetts, by PeTer Thacher, D. D.,
chaplain to the General Court.
Svo, pp. 21 . Boston [1800]. [Text, 2 Chronicles xxxv, 25.]
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. IT.; H. II.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. 8.; G. B.;
G. L.; M.
Thacher, T. — *An Eulogy on General George Washington,
delivered at Dedham, February 22, 1800, by Rev. Thomas
Thacher.
Svo, pp. 22. Dedham, 1800.
B. A.; B. U.; H. U.? M. H. S.; G. B.
ThAcher, T. C. — An Eulogy on the memory of General
George Washington, who died December 14, 1799, aged
68; pronounced at the request of the citizens of Lynn
[Mass.], January 13, 1800, and published by the desire of
the Committee of Arrangements, by Thomas Cushing
Thacher, A. M.
'¦Ergo Washington perpetuus sopor
Orget? Cui pudor, et justitise soror
Incorupta fides, nudaque Veritas,
QUANDO ULLUM, INVENIENI PaREM ?"
8vo, pp. 12. Boston [1800].
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. IT.; M. H. S-; G. B.j G. L.; M.
Tomb, S. — An Oration on the auspicious birth, sublime vir
tues, and triumphant death of General George Washing
ton, pronounced February 22, 1800, in Newbury, Second
'Parish, by the Rev. Samukl Tomb. To which are an
nexed two Odes and an Acrostic commemorative of the
birth and death of that illustrious personage, composed by
the s.me hand.
The crown is fallen from our head ! — Jekemiah.
8vo, pp. 20. Newburyport, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc: B. A.; H. IT.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.; G. L.
Trumbull, B. — The Majesty and Mortality of Created Gods,
illustrated and improved. A Funeral Discourse delivered

270 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
at North Haven [Ct.], December 29, 1799, on the death
of General George Washington, who died December 14,
1799, by Benjamin Trumbull, D. D., Pastor of the
church in North Haven. [Text, Psalms lxxxii, 6, 7.]
8vo, pp.31. New Haven, 1800.
[Has a small portrait -engraved on copper, by A. Doolittle.
It is a side view, facing to the rights with a laurel wreath
suspended by an eagle above his head. It was sold both
with and without the portrait.]
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. II.; N. Y. H. S.; M. H. S.; G. B.; G. L.
Tuckerman, J.< — A Funeral Oration occasioned by the death
of General George Washington, written at the request of
the Boston Mechanic Association, and delivered before"
them, on the 22d of February, 1800, by Joseph Tucker
man.
" Consulere patrise, parcere afflictis, sera
Csede abstinere, tempus atque me dare,
Orbi quietem, soeculo pacem suo,
Hsec suinma virtus, petitur hac coelum via." — Seneca.
Svo, pp. 24, Boston [1800].
Am. Antiq. Soc ; B. A.; B. IT.; H. U.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.;
G. L.
Tufts, C. — *Oration at Weymouth [Mass.], February.22, 1800,
on the death of George Washington, by Cotton Tufts.
8vo. Boston, 1800. Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A^; B. U.; H. U.; G. B.
Tyler, J. — An Eulogy on the life of General George" Wash
ington, commander-in-chief of the armies of the United
States,- who died December 14, 1799; delivered before
the inhabitants of the parish of Chelsea, in Norwich
[Ct.], by the Rev. John Tyler, rector of Christ's church,
Norwich.8vo, pp. 32. Norwich, 1800. C. H. S.
Vander Kemp, F. A. — Lofrede op George Washington, te
Oldenbarneveld, den 22 sten van Sprokkelmaand, 1800,

bibliographical list. 271
in Oneida District, Staat van New York, in de Engelsche
taale uifgesprookeh, door Franc. Adr. Vander Kemp.
"Anch io sono Pittore!" — Corregio.
8yo, pp. 30. Amsterdam, MDCCC.
[Oldenbarneveld was the former name of Trenton, Oneida
county, N. Y. The author was connected, with the Hol
land Land Company.] N. Y. S. L.
Van Pelt, P. — An Oration in consequence of the death of
General George Washington, late president of the United
States, delivered by request, in the Reformed Dutch
church of Flatb.ush [N. Y.], on Saturday, the 22d of Feb
ruary, 1800, by Peter Van Pelt, A. B., student of
divinity. Una nox manet omnibus.— JSt via lethi semel Calcanda est. — Hon.
Svo, pp. 24. Brooklyn, 1800. N. Y. H. S.
Vining, J.- — *An Eulogium delivered to a large concourse of
respectable citizens, at the State House in the town of
Dover, on the 22nd February, 1800, in commemoration of
the death qf General George Washington, by John
Vining, Esq.
8vo, pp. 20. Philadelphia, 1800. B. A.; H. V.; Phil. Lib.; J. L.
Wadsworth, B. — *An Eulogy on the character of George
Washington; pronounced . February 22, , 1800, by Rev.
Benjamin Wadsworth [Dan vers].
8vo, pp. 32, Salem, 1800. London, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc ; B. A.; H. IT.; M. H. S.; G. B.
Ware, H. — *Sermon at Hingham [Mass.], January 6, 1800,
on the death of George Washington, by Rev. Henry
Ware.
8vo, Boston [1800.]
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. II.; H. II.; G. B.; G. L.
The Washingtoniana, containing a Biographical Sketch of

272 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
the late General George Washington, with various outlines
of his character, from the pens of different eminent
writers both in Europe and America ; and an account of
the various funeral honors devoted to his memory. To-
which are annexed his will and schedule of his property.
Embellished with a good likeness.
8vo, pp. 286.
[Erroneously printed as 298, by passing over from 258 to 271*.
Gontains seven pages of subscribers. Baltimore, printed
and sold by Samuel Sower, No. 190 Market street, MDCCC.
Has a mezzotint portrait, from Savage's picture, engraved
by Tanner, facing the title. Reprinted in fine manner
by Elias Dexter, New York, 1865.]
N. Y. H. S.; N. Y. S. L.; G. B.; M.
The Washingtoniana ; containing a sketch of the life and
death, with a collection of elegant Eulogies, Orations,
Poems, &c, sacred to his memory. Also an appendix,
comprising all his most valuable papers, and his last will
and testament.
8vo, pp. 411.- Lancaster, 1802.
[Edited by F. Johnston and W. Hamilton, whose names are
signed to a prefatory note. It contains proceedings in
Congress, Proclamations, a Biographical Sketch, Tribute
by Dr. Aiken, Orations, &c, of General H. Lee, W. Jack
son, S. Cliaudron, W. Linn, F. Ames, G. Morris, W. C.
Frazer, G. Bedford, J. Vining, E. Ramsay, Frelinghuysen,
C. P. Sumner, S. Bayard. M. Griffith, R. Messenger, S. S.
Smith, S. White, D. McKeehan, R. Davidson, J. Davis, N.
Ogden, J. Cross, E. C. Dick, and L. Fontanes (in part).
It also contains various sketches of his character, and a
selection from Washington's public papers, towards the
close of his public, life. It had a portrait engraved by
Edwin, probably from Stuart's painting.]
N. Y. H. S.; Phil. Pub. Lib.; G. B.
Washingtoniana; a Collection of Papers relative to the
death and. character of General George Washington, with
a correct copy of his last will and testament. To which

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 273
are added his legacy to the people of America,. &c, &c,
&c. figr-To record the actions ofthe dead for the benefit
of the living. From the Blandford Press, and sold by
Ross and Douglas, Petersburgh [Va.], and by all the
booksellers in Virginia.
8vo, pp. 95. G. B.; M.
Washington's Monumevts op Patriotism; being a collec
tion of tho most interesting documents connected with the
military command and civil administration of the Ameri
can hero and patriot. To which is annexed an Eulogium
on the character of General Washington, by Major
William Jackson.
Svo, pp. 338 and 44. Philadelphia, 1800. N. Y. S. L.; J. L.
Washington's Political Legacies. To which is annexed
an Appendix, containing an account of his illness, death,
and the national tributes of respect paid to his memory,
with a biographical outline of his life and character.
Svo, pp. 203 ; and xiv, the latter being a list of sub
scribers. Boston, 1800. New York, 1800.
[The biographical notice oontained in this volume, embracng
46 pages, was prepared by J. N. Williams.]
B. A.; B. IT.; H. U.; G. B.; J. L.; M.
Washington's Will. To which is added a schedule of his
property directed to be sold. Editions of this were pub
lished in Alexandria, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York,
Hudson, Boston, Worcester, Brookfield, London, &c. No
attempt has been made by us to prepare a list of these
editions. That printed in London contained the oration
of General Lee, 8vo, pp. 42.
Waterman, N- — -&n Oration delivered at Bozrah [Conn.],
February 22, 1800, the day recommended by Congress
for paying a tribute of respect to the memory of George

274 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.
Washington, who died December 14, 1799, by Nehe-
miah Waterman, .Esq.
8vo, pp. 16. Windham [Conn.], 1800. B. A.; G. B.
Weems, M. L. — A History of the life and death, virtues
and exploits of General George Washington, faithfully
taken from authentic documents and now in a third edi
tion improved. Respectfully offered to the perusal of his
countrymen, as also of all others who wish to see human
nature in its most finished form. * * * By the Rev. M.
L. Weems, of Lodge No. 50, Dumfries.
8vo, pp. 84. Philadelphia, 1800. 8vo, pp. 80. George
town, 1800.
[With a dedication to Mrs. Washington, dated February 22,
1800. Two editions of this book were printed before Wash
ington's death, and many afterwards.] ,
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; N. Y. H. S.; G. L.; J.L.
West, S. — Greatness the Result of Goodness. A Sermon
occasioned by the death of George Washington, late com
mander-in-chief of the armies, and first president of the
United States of America, who died December 14, 1799,
aged 68, by Samuel West, D. D., pastor of the church
in Hollis street, Boston. [Text, 2 Samuel, iii, 18.]
8vo, pp. 17. Boston [1800].
Am: Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B. IT.; H. IT.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S.; G. B.;
G. L.; M.
Wetmore, W.— An Oration on the death of General George
Washington, delivered at the request of citizens of Cas-
tine [Maine], on the 22d February, A. D. 1800, pursuant to
the recommendations of Congress, and the General Court of
Massachusetts, by William Wetmore, Barrister at Law.
"Semper honos nomengiie tuum, laudesgue manebunl."
8vo, pp. 30. Castine [1800]. Notes 5 pp. at end.
Am. Antiq. Soc ; B. A.; B. II.; H. II.; M. H. S.; G. B.; M.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 275
Wharton, — . — An Extract from a sermon on the death of
General Washington, preached at Burlington, N. J., by
the Rev. Dr. Wharton. Printed in the " Memory of
Washington" (Newport, 1800), filling nine pages. [Text,
1 Maccabees, cxv, 18, 20, 21, 22.]
White, D. A. — An Eulogy on George Washington, who died
at Mount Vernon, December 14, 1799 ; delivered at the
request of the inhabitants of Blethuen [Mass.], in the
meeting house of the First Parish in that town, by Daniel
Appleton White, A. B.
8vo, pp. 18. Haverhill [Mass.]. February, 1800.
B. A.; B. H.; H. II.; G. B.
White, S. — Proceedings ofthe Union Brigade, commanded
by Col. Samuel Smith, on the death of General. Washing
ton, together with the Rev. Mr. Austin's prayer, and Capt.
Samuel White's Oration.
8vo, pp. 36, and from Lang's press, 1800. N. Y. H. S.; G. B.
White, S. — Oration upon the death of General George Wash
ington, delivered by Captain Samuel White, ofthe 11th
Regiment, to the Union Brigade, consisting of the 11th,
12th and 13th, Regiments, near Scotch Plains, N. Y.
TReprinted in Lancaster Washingtoniana.'] B. A.
Whitwell, B. — An Eulogy on the virtues of General George
Washington, who died December 14, 1799. Delivered
before the inhabitants of the town of Augusta [Me.],
at the request of their committee, by Benjamin Whit
well, Esq.
8vo, pp. 18. Hallowell, 1800.
1 v ¦ B. A. ; N. Y. H. S.
Willard, J. — An Address in Latin by Joseph Willard,
LL. D., president, and a discourse in English, by David
Tappan, S. T. D., Hollis professor of divinity, delivered
before the University of Cambridge [Mass.], February
36

276 bibliographical list.
22, 1800, in solemn commemoration of General George
Washington.8vo, pp. 44. Cambridge, MDCCC.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. A.; B.U.; H. U.; M. H. S.; N. Y. H. S. ; G. B.;
G. L.; J. L. ; M.
Williston, S. — The Agency of God in raising up important
characters and rendering them useful, illustrated in a dis
course delivered at Scipio [N. Y.], on the 22d day of
February, 1800, being the day set apart by the govern
ment of the United States, for the people to testify in
some suitable manner their grief at the death of General
Washington. By Seth Williston, missionary from
Connecticut. [Text, Judges iii, 9, 10, 11.]
8vo, pp. 24. Geneva [N. Y.] [1800].
B. U. ; G. B. ; M. Dr. S. S. Purple.
Wilson, J. — Substance of a Discourse on Divine Providence
in special reference to the memory, character and death of
the late General George Washington, delivered extempore
February 9th, 1800, before the military officers of Provi
dence [R. I.], by James Wilson, pastor of 2d Congre
gational church in said- town. Published by request.
[Text, Exodus, xi, 3.]
8vo, pp. 16. Providence, 1800. N. Y. H. S. ; G. B. ; G. L. ; M.
Wood, A. — * Funeral Eulogy on the death of Washington, by
A. Wood. 4to, Boston, 1800. Am. Antiq. Soc.
Woodrufe, H. — A Sermon occasioned by 'the death of Gen.
George Washington, commander-in-chief of the armies of
the United States of America, who departed this life on
the 14th December, 1799, after an illness of about 24
hours. Preached December 29th, 1799, by the Rev.
Hezekiah Woodruff, A. M., pastor of the first church
of Christ in Stonington [Conn.], to which is added an
appendix giving a particular account of the behavior of
General Washington during his distressing illness; also of

bibliographical list. 277
the nature of the complaint of which he died, by Doctors
James Craik and Elisha C. Dick, attending physicians.
[Text, Deut. xxxiv, and part of the 5th, 8th, and 10th
verses.] 8vo, pp. 16. Stonington port, 1800.
Woodward, W. — An Oration delivered at Hanover, N. H.,
January 9th, 1800, on the death of General Washington,
by William Woodward.
8vo, pp. 17. ' Hanover, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; N. Y. H. S.
Woolsey, M. L. — -Address delivered at Plattsburg, N. Y.,
January 1, 1800, by General Melancton L. Woolsey,
upon a funeral occasion in honor of General Washington.
[Lansingburgh Gazette, Jan. 28, 1800.]
N. Y. H. S.; G.B.; M.
Worcester, L. — f Oration at Peacham, Vt., February 22d,
1800, on the death of George Washington, by Rev.
Leonard Worcester.
8vo, Peacham, 1800.
Am, Antiq. Soc.
Worcester, S. — Oration at Fitchburgh [Mass.], Feb. 22, 1800,
on the death of George Washington, by Rev. Samuel
Worcester.8vo, Leominster, 1800.
Am. Antiq. Soc; B. II.; H. U.; G. B.
* * * * -yfe have met a tract of 83 pages octavo, printed
in 1800, (?) by Charles R. & George Webster, Albany,
which was devoted to -an illustration of the character of
Washington. The title and first pages being wanting,
we are unable to insert it in its place in the foregoing
list. Dr. S. S. Purple.

MEMOEIAL MEDALS.

<•!>»

During the lifetime of Washington his effigy and name ap
peared on many medals, some struck here, and others originating ¦
abroad. One. of the latter, said to bex the first of the Wash
ington medals, was designed and struck by order of Voltaire.
Oddly enough it bears the bust of Bentham, or according to
another authority, of Hume, but certainly not that of him whose
fame it was intended to commemorate.
In the bill for the establishment of the mint of the United
States as it originated in the senate, it was provided that there
should be placed on the coins " a representation of the head of
the president," but this was amended in the lower house by
substituting " upon one side of said coins there shall be an im
pression emblematic of liberty." Doubtless this action of Con
gress was in accordance with the expressed wish of the president,
and it is stated that at his suggestion the head of liberty was
substituted for his own.
Prior, however, to the establishment of the mint, several coins
made their appearance in silver and copper, bearing on the
obverse the bust of Washington, and on the reverse an eagle
and shield, with appropriate inscriptions. These are the cele
brated Washington half dollars and cents, so highly prized by
American numismatists and collectors. In the absence of posi
tive knowledge, there is good reason for believing that while a
portion of these pieces were of native American origin, others
were of English design, and manufacture.
One of these coins bearing date 1792, and known to collect
ors as the "naked bust Washington cent," it is quite certain is
neither more nor less than an English tradesman's token, and
yet it is so rare, and deemed by collectors so desirable, that a

'Mass. Hist. Col. III. vi, 236.

memorial medals. 279
specimen sold at auction in New York not long since, produced
the comparatively enormous sum of four hundred and eighty
dollars, and some of the Washington half dollars are held to be
nearly, or quite as valuable.
As it would be impracticable in the space here allowed to
give even a list of the known medals of Washington, it is only
proposed to furnish brief descriptions of a portion ofthe medallic
memorials of his death. It may be mentioned that in a single.
: collection sold in New York in the early part of the present
year (1865), no less than 377 varieties of the Washington pieces
were offered, and it is. supposed that a perfect collection would
comprise as many as 600 varieties.
A singular discrepancy will be noticed in the date of death
as given by different authorities — varying from the 14th to
the 21st of December, and comprising no less than four distinct
dates, namely: the 14th, 15th, 17th, and 21st.
As this article may fall under the eye of some person not fa
miliar with the terms used in the description of medals, it is
proper for the writer to state that the abbreviation Obv. is for
Obverse, the face or principal side of a coin or medal — Rev. for
Reverse — Ins. fof Inscription, and Leg. for Legend. The size
as given, indicates the diameter in sixteenths of an inch, or ac
cording to the American scale; for example, a medal of size 24
is 1 i inches in diameter, while one of size 48 is of the diameter
of 3 inches. This system of measurement is much more simple
than that by the scale of Mionnet commonly used abroad, in
which the divisions are irregular, and entirely arbitrary.
No. 1. Indian or Peace Medal.
Obv., bust of Washington on a pedestal, on which is
depicted a landscape, ship sailing, man ploughing, military
trophies, &c. On the right stands a figure representing Liberty,
and on the left an Indian chief. Leg., General George
Washington, President of the United States. In the
exergue, Born February, 1732'; Died December, 1799.
Rev., p]ain. Silver, size 40.
A medal of very rare occurrence. One may be seen in the
cabinet of the mint at Philadelphia.

280 MEMORIAL MEDALS.
No. 2. The Eccleston Medal.
Obv., a beautifully executed bust, but a poor likeness,
facing right. Under the shoulder the name of the artist,
Webb. Ins., General Washington, inscribed to his
memory by D. Eccleston, Lancaster, MDCCC V. Rev.,
in the centre an Indian standing, leaning on a bow and hold
ing in his right hand an arrow. Around the Indian, the
land. was ours. The whole surrounded with the inscription
in three concentric circles : He laid the Foundation of
American Liberty in the XVIII century. Innumerable
MILLIONS YET UNBORN WILL VENERATE THE MEMORY, OF
THE MAN WHO OBTAINED THEIR COUNTRY'S FREEDOM.
Bronze, size 51.
This medal designed by, and executed at the expense of an
English admirer of Washington, is perhaps the finest of the
series. Though the dies are probably no longer in existence,
fine specimens arc easily procured either here or in England.
No. 3. The Eccleston Medal.
In white metal or tin. A single specimen in this metal
exists in the cabinet of Wm. S. Appleton, Esq., of Boston. It
was discovered in a collection recently brought to notice in
New York, which had scarcely seen the light for half a century.
It is probably unique.
"No. 4. The Cabinet Medal.
Obv., a panel bearing the bust of Washington facing
right, with the engraver's name below. — On a raised rim
the Leg., George Washington, born February 22,
1732; died December 14, 1799. Rev., on a panel, a
representation of the Washington Cabinet in the mint of the
United States at Philadelphia. (The cabinet is monumental in
form; surmounted by a bust and surrounded by a railing.)
Leg., Washington Cabinet of Medals ; United States
Mint ; Inaugurated February 22, 1860.
» Bronze, size 38.-
A fine medal, designed and executed by A. C. Paquet, by

memorial medals. 281
order of Colonel James Ross Snowden, while the latter was
director of the mint. The dies of this piece are the* property
of the government, and the medals struck in various metals
may be procured at the mint.
No. 5. The larger, Perkins Medal.
Obv., bust facing left within a wreath of laurel. Leg.,
George Washington. Rev., a tomb inscribed victor
sine clade. The tomb surmounted by an urn, by the
side of which a child is weeping. In the back ground im
plements of war ; at the left a female figure weeping and sup
porting with her right hand the shield of the United States.
Leg., He is in glory, the world in tears. In the exergue,
Born February 11, 1732. Tin, size 36.
Dudley A. Tyng was the designer of this medal and the credit
of execution has usually been accorded to Jacob Perkins. The
dies were made in the shop of Jacob Perkins, but the work was
by Nicholas Pearce, who died within a few years at an advanced
age in Newburyport. Mr. Pearce retained in his possession till
his death, one of the earliest and finest impressions, always re
fusing for it the most tempting offers. After his death it was
purchased of Mrs. Pearce, and having passed through various
hands has found a permanent resting place in a celebrated col
lection.
No. 6. The smaller, Perkins Medal.
Obv., bust in military costume, surrounded by a laurel
wreath. Leg., He is in glory, the world in tears.
Rev., a funereal urn inscribed G. W., and nearly surrounded
by the following inscription in two concentric lines : b. f.
11, 1732. g. a.- arm. 75 r. 83 : p. u. s. a. 89. g. arm. u. s.
98 : ob. d. 14, 1799. Silver, size 18.
No. 7. The smaller, Perkins Medal — second variety.
Obv., same as that of the medal last described. Rev., a
skull and cross bones, and in four concentric lines the Ins.
B. Eeb. 11, 1732. Gen. Am. Armies, 1775. Re. 1783.

282 ' memorial medals.
Pres. U. S. Am. 89. R. 96. Gen, Arm. U. S. Am. 98.
Ob. D. 15, 99. Silver, size 18.
The dies for this piece and the preceding were designed and
probably cut by Jacob Perkins, at Newburyport, in Mass.
The medals being worn by many who took part in the funeral
solemnities at that place, were very extensively distributed
over the country. They were made in various .other metals be
sides silver, The first variety is often met with in tin ; a few
exist in gold and one specimen only is known in copper.
The second variety which is much less common than the
first is usually found in silver. A single original is known
in gold.
These pieces have always been favorites with collectors and
owing to their rarity, have, whenever offered, commanded very
liberal prices, but the recent discovery in New York of a quan
tity of each variety in both gold and silver causes /the origi
nals to be held in less esteem than formerly ; the discovery
alluded to, having brought out a supply injudiciously large
when taken -in connection with the moderate demand.
No. 8. Oval Funeral Medal.
Obv., head facing left, with the initials G. W. below.
The whole surrounded by a wreath of laurel. Leg., he is in
glory, the world in tears. Rev., plain.
Gold— oval, 17 by 19.
Two specimens are known in gold, and one in copper. One
of the rarest and most beautiful of the medallic memorials of
Washington ; its origin is not known, but it is probably from
a die by Perkins. This supposition is strengthened by the fact
that for the obverses of his small funeral medals he cut no
less than four or five distinct dies, all of which in design and
workmanship bear general resemblance to this. Being oval it
was probably rejected for unsuitableness of form, after taking
from it -a few trial impressions. No corresponding reverse is
known to exist.
No. 9. Lovett's Medal.
Obv., undraped bust facing to the right. Ins., Geor-

memorial medals. 283
gius Washington., Pr^s. Prim. Rep. Conf. Amer.
MDCCLXXXIX. Beneath the bust, Lovett, Phila. Re
verse, a beautiful figure of Minerva seated; at her left hand an
altar and in her right a laurel wreath. Surrounding the figure
a wreath of palm leaves and the inscription : Fideli certa
merces ; within the circle the date 1860 in Roman numerals.
Leg., Natus, Feb. xxii, MDCCXXXII, Obit. Dec. xiv,
MDCCXCIX. Bronze, size 33.
The dies for this medal are by Robert Lovett, Jr., of Phila
delphia. The work is very creditable to the artist, especially in
comparison with most American medals of Washington. " The
dies still exist and the medal may be procured in various
metals.No. 10. Washington, Kosciusko and Lafayette
Medal.
Obv., three busts facing left. Leg., To the Heroes of
Liberty the Friends of the People's Independence.
The name of the artist, Rogat, in the exergue. Rev., three
oak wreaths and three inscriptions as follows : George
Washington, born the 22d Feb'y, 1732, at Bridge Creek,
died the 14th December, 1799, at Mount Vernon.
Thaddeus Kosciusko, born the 12th Feb'y, 1746, at
Meruzowszezyzna, died the 16th October, 1817, at
Soleure. Lafayette M. J. P. R. Y.' Gilbert du Mottier,
born the 6th of September, 1757, -at Chaviniac, died
the 20th May, 1834, in Paris. In the exergue, Cercle
Britannique, Rue Neuve, St. Augustine, No. 58 a Paris.
Bronze, size 32.
No. 11. Series Numismatica.
Head facing right ; beneath, Bacon Sculp. Leg., Geor-
gius Washington. Rev., Natus Virginiae in America
Foederata, M. DCC. XXXII. Obit. An M. DCC.
XCLX Series numismatica universalis virorum illus-
trium, M. DCCC. XIX. Durand Edidit. Bronze, size 26.
The bust on this medal bears not the slightest resemblance
- 37

284 memorial medals.
to any likeness of Washington and was probably engraved for
some other person and adapted to its present use.
No. 12. Series Numismatica — second variety.
Obv., head facing left. Leg., Georgius Washington.
Rev., same as the preceding. Bronze, size 26.
No. 13. Series Numismatica — third variety.
Obv., head facing left. Leg., Georgius Wasington.
Below the bust, Vivier F. Rev., same as the two preceding.
An error will be noticed in the legend, the occurrence of which
probably led to the rejection of the die. Bronze, size 26.
The three medals last described are of French workman
ship and form part of the very extensive "Series Numis
matica." Most of the dies still exist and fine sets can be im
ported at a cost of about one dollar each piece with the excep
tion of the Washingtons and a few others relating to America,
which command a somewhat higher price.
No. 14.
Obv., at top of the medal an eagle holding in its talons
the arrows and olive branch, and in its beak a scroll inscribed
E Pluribus Unum, head facing right at the bottom in a small
oval panel, around which is the inscription, George Washing
ton, born 1732, died 1799. On each side twelve stars and.
across the field in four lines the ins., First in War,
First in Peace, and First in the Hearts of his Country
men. Rev., a -woman seated, writing in a library. Ins.,
Scientia mores emollit. Tin, size 34.
No. 15.
Obv., from the same die as the last. Rev., a library
with books and other appropriate accessories. A man seated
at a table reading — in the exergue — Via ad honorem. Tin, size 34.
The dies of the last two medals were made in England by David
Binn, whose name appears on them. The fact that a. very fine

MEMORIAL MEDALS. 285
specimen of each medal was found quite recently in the sample
drawer of Mr. Davis, an old' die-sinker at Birmingham, -where it was
known that they had been for more than thirty years renders it
tolerably certain that they were made in his establishment.

No. 16. The Westwood Medal.
Obv., bust facing right, the name of the engraver,
Westwood, beneath the shoulder. Leg., George Washing
ton, Esq., late President of the United States of
America. Rev., a wreath composed of bundles of laurel
leaves alternating with stars, above a bundle of thirteen arrows.
Leg., Made commander-in-chief of the American forces
the 15th June, 1775. Ins., With courage and fidelity
HE DEFENDED THE RIGHTS OF A FREE PEOPLE. DlED DEC 14,
1799, aged 68. Bronze, size 25.
The Westwood medal is of English origin and of fine work
manship. No. 17. The Westwood Medal.
In tin. But one or two specimens are known in this metal.
No. 18. The smaller Westwood Medal.
Obv., bust in civil costume facing right, features bearing
marks of age. The hair cut very short. Leg., George
Washington. Ob. 14th Dec'r, 1799, je. 68. Rev., a
wreath of oak and laurel, the divisions marked by thirteen
stars; thirteen arrow points above. Leg., Late President
of the United States of America. Ins., The hero of
FREEDOM, THE PRIDE OF HIS COUNTRY AND ORNAMENT OF
human nature, 1800. Bronze, size 23.
A medal rarer than the preceding, but of workmanship much
like the last and said to be by the same artist. A person who
spoke from personal knowledge informed the writer that the
dies for this medal and the last, together with many others,
were used as paving blocks to form a garden walk in Birming
ham, England.

286 MEMORIAL MEDALS.
No. 19. The Wright Medal.
Obv., head facing left; initials ofthe engraver below. Leg.,
George Washington. Rev., a wreath of oak surrounding
the inscription in six parallel lines, Born Feb. 22d, 1732;
chosen Commander-in-chief July, 1799; chosen Presd.,
1789; died Dec'r 14, 1799, aged 68 years Silver, size 28.
Dies by C. C. Wright of New York. Struck also in copper
and in tin.
No. 20. The Wright and Bale Medal.
Both obverse and reverse of this medal so nearly resemble
the last that a single description will do for both. The design
is almost identical but the work is somewhat different, and it
is not unlikely was executed jointly by the artists whose names
it bears. Tin, size 28.
Less frequently met with than the last.
No. 21.
Obv.., bust facing left. Leg., Gen, George Washington.
Rev., a wreath of oak leaves and acorns enclosing the inscrip
tion : Born Feb. 22d, 1732; died Dec. 14, 1799. Tin, size 26.
A medal of great rarity ; one specimen is to be seen in the
mint cabinet at Philadelphia, and another is contained in the
collection ofWm. S. Appleton, Esq., of Boston.
No. 22.
Obv., bust facing; beneath the shoulder I. B. C. Leg.,
George Washington, born Feb'y 22, 1732, died Dec'r
i£, 1799. Rev., an eye from which rays are thrown half across
the field of the medal. A laurel wreath encircles the inscrip
tion, A MAN HE WAS TO ALL HIS COUNTRY DEAR. Copper, size 25.
A medal, the dies for which were cut many years ago by
one Gardiner. They remained unused and unknown until
within a short time, when they were brought to light and used
to strike a very few impressions in copper and tin and still

MEMORIAL MEDALS. 287
fewer in silver, after which they were destroyed. For hideous
ugliness the bust on this medal is unrivalled at present, and it
is doubtful if it can ever be equalled in the future.
No. 23. The Fame Medal.
Obv., bust in citizen's -dress facing right. H, under the
shoulder. Leg., Washington, born Feb. 11, 1732, died
Dec. 21, 1799. Rev., a view of sea and land — the sun just
rising — a ship in the distance — flying above, a beautiful figure
of fame with trumpet and wreath of laurel. Leg., Wisdom,
virtue and patriotism. In the exergue, MDCCCII1.
Bronze, size 22.
The dies for this, which is not only one of the finest but also
one ofthe rarest of the funeral medals, were made in England.
The artist's name is unknown;
No. 24. The Fame Medal.
From the Weekly Museum, a paper published in New York,
July 24, 1802, 1 make the following extract : " Mr. Evans during
a tour through several parts of England and Wales, remarks in- a
letter to a pupil that in Birmingham he purchased a very hand
some medal of the great Washington ; round the profile were
these words : George Washington, ob. 14th Dec, 1799,
jet. 68. On the reverse was the figure of Fame with her
trumpet, having this inscription encircled with oak and laurel,
Emancipator of America."
The size and metal are not mentioned, and the medal, if now
existing, must be of extreme rarity.
No. 25. The Wyon Medal.
Bust in citizen's 'dress facing right; beneath the shoulder,
" Wyon." Leg., George Washington, born Feb. 11, 1732,
died Dec. 21, 1799. Rev., caduceus with cannon and bundle
of fasces crossed. On a scroll, Repub. Ameri. Ins., in three
concentric circles, Gen'l of the American Armies, 1775.
Resign'd the comm'd, 1783. Elected President of the
United States, 1789. Resigned the Presidency, 1796.
Bronze, size 21.

288 memorial medals.
Of the Wyon medals there are two varieties, the first bearing
on the obv. George Washington, 1796. Both varieties^are
met with in copper and in tin., The dies were made in
England.
No. 26.
Obv., Military bust facing left. Leg., George Washing
ton, died 14th December, 1799, aged 68.' Rev., General
of the American Armies, 1775. Resigned the command
1783. Elected President of the United States, 1789.
Reelected 1793. Resigned 1797. Inscribed in nine paral
lel lines. Tin, size 22.
An exceedingly rare medal. The-diesby Wyon.
The preceding catalogue embraces nearly all the medals
struck prior to 1840 in commemoration of the death of Wash
ington, together with a few of later issue, which from their
superiority of execution or some other circumstance, seemed to
merit an extended description.
"The following list comprises only a few of the most promi
nent of a multitude of comparatively recent issue. Most
of them are of very inferior workmanship and were manufac
tured by die-sinkers who, with more regard for money than
reputation have sought by the multiplication of new things
to supply the demand existing, for all that relates however
remotely, to the great Washington. A few, particularly those
emanating from the mint are not destitute of merit as works
of art.
No. 27. Merriam's Medalet.
Obv., bust with date of birth. Rev., a tomb, with .date of
death, &c. Struck in various metals, size 20.
No. 28.
Obv., same as No. 22. Rev., bust of President. Lincoln,
with inscription. A very few of these were struck in several
metals, probably not more than eight or ten in all. Size 25.

MEMORIAL MEDALS. .289
No. 29.
Oby., same as the last. Rev., an eagle holding the olive
blanch and. arrows and surrounded by thirty-four stars. Struck
in various metals but even less common than the preceding. Size 25.
No. 30. Cogan's Medalet.
Obv., bust facing right, " George Washington." Rev.,
' within a wreath, " Born Feb'y 22, 1732, died Dec. 14, 1799.
' Various metals. Size 20.
No. 31. New York Medalet.
Obv., bust facing right, " George Washington, born 1732,
died 1799." Rev., arms of the State of New York. In the
exergue, N. Y. Tin, size 16.
The dies of this medal are now in the writer's possession ;
they were made many years ago at the establishment of Davis,
a famous die-sinker at Birmingham, England. Though bear
ing the name of Davis, the work was- by Carter.
No. 33. Monument Medalet.
Obv., undraped bust facing left. Ins., name, date of birth
and death. Rev., view ofthe Baltimore monument surrounded
by inscription and wreath. Various metals, size 12.
The obverse die of this piece has been used with several re
verse dies, thus producing a great variety of pieces technically
called mules.
No. 34.
Obv., Washington on horseback. Ins., The Father of
our Country, with date of birth and death. Rev., a perpe
tual calendar. Brass, size 21.
No. 35.
Obv., full length figure of Washington (after the " Washing
ton before Trenton," in the Trumbull Gallery, at Yale College).
Ins., date of birth and death. Rev., a perpetual calendar.
Brass, size 22,

290. MEMORIAL MEDALS.
No. 36.
Obv., bust facing right. Ins., George Washington, born
February 22nd, 1732, died Dec. 14, 1799. Rev., a perpe
tual calendar. Brass, size 25.
No. 37. Curtis' Medalet.
Obv., bust half length. Ins., date of birth, death, &c.
Various metals, size 20.
No. 38. Equestrian Medalet.
Obv., Washington on horseback. Ins.p&EORGE Washing
ton. Rev., a circle of liberty caps surrounding an inscription
giving the date of birth, elections to the presidency and death.
In various metals, size 18.
No. 39. Robinson's Medalet,
Obv., bust surrounded with ornamental scroll work and in
scription. Rev., a wreath surrounding an inscription in nine
lines, giving date of birth, prominent events in life, and date
of death. In various metals, size 21.
No. 40. The Mint Memorial.
Obv., a very beautifully executed bust facing right. Rev.,
a wreath enclosing an inscription giving date of birth and
death. Silver, gold and bronze, size 11.
No. 41.
Obv., bust facing right. Rev., shield and wreaths. " Born
1732, died 1799." Silver, size 19.
No. 42.
Obv,, same as the last. Rev., liberty cap with rays> stars
and eagles, " Washington, natus 1732, obit 1799." Silver, size 19.
No. 43.
Obv., undraped bust facing left. Rev., shield, "Born
1732, died 1709." Silver, size 19.

MEMORIAL MEDALS. - 291
NG. 44.
Obv., same as the last. Rev., " Washington, natus 1732,
obit 1799." Silver, size 19.
f
No. 45.
Obv., equestrian statue at New York ; two varieties, the ob
verse being struck with the reverse, of each of the last two
medals described. Silver, size 19.
No. 46. ,
Obv., equestrian statue at Richmond ; two varieties; reverses
similar to the preceding. Silver, size 19.
No. 47.
Obv.,. Tomb at Mt. Vernon, Va. Rev., a shield, " Born
1732, died 1799." Silver, size 19.
No. 48. Calendar for 1863.
Obv., " Washington, born Feb'y 22, 1732, died Dec'r 1799."
Brass, size 26.

38

INDEX

Abbott, Abiel, title of tract by
ii, 221.
Abbreviations used in Biblio
graphical list ii, 220.
in list of medals ii, 279.
Abrams; John, 123, 135.
Adams, Daniel, title of tract by
ii; 251.
Adams, President, message fr.om
29, 73.
address to by house 32.
reply to house 32.
address to by senate 35.
reply to senate 37.
proclamations of 42.
Adams, Mrs., drawing room 48.
Adams, Captain, 182.
Addison Rev. Mr., 23.
Adriance, Abraham, 117.
Aikens, Dr. John, poem by 240.
Albany, proceedings in 112, 119,
121, 122.
Alden, Timothy Jr., title of tract
by ii, 221.
Alexander, Caleb, title of tract by
ii, 221.
Alexandria, proceedings at 171.
Allen, Josepb Jr., title of tract by
ii, 222.
Allen, Rev. Ricbard, extract from
tbe sermon of ii, 216.
title of tract by ii, 222.
AUen, Wm., 102.
Allison, Patrick, title of tract by
ii, 222.
Allston, Washington, 93.
Allyn, Capt., 111.
Almy, Jonathan, 107.
Alsop, Ricbard, poem by 241, title
of ii, 222.
American Academy of Arts and
Sciences ii, 9.

Ames, -Fisher, 88.
oration by ii, 25.
title of tract by ii, 222.
Amsterdam, proceedings at 229.
Anacreontic society, 137, 140.
Andrews, John, title of tract by
ii, 223.
Anderson, Wm., 24.
Appleton, Wm. S., ii, 286.
Armstrong, Rev. Mr., 151.
Army orders, 43.
Asgill, Capt. Charles, 202, 203,
204, 205, 206.
Astor, John Jacob, 135.
Atherton, Charles H., title of tract
by ii, 223.
Auchmuty, Robert N., 106.
Austin, Capt., 167.
Austin, David Jr., title of tract
- by ii, 223.
Badge of Merit, 82.
Bainbridge, Capt. , 231
Baldwin, Rev. Tbomas, 88.
title of tract by ii, 224.
Ball, Heman, title of tract by ii,
224.
Baltimore, proceedings at 162.
Bancroft, Aaron, title of tract by
ii, 224.
Bank of New York, 136.
Bankson, Cob, 163.
Barge, Wm., 182.
Barnard, Thomas, title of tract by
224.
Barnes, David, title of tract by
ii, 224.
Barnwell, George, 136.
Barron, Commodore, 9.
Barrons, Major, 54.
Barny, Capt. Standish, 163.
Bartlett, Josiah, 95, 99, 100.
title of tract by ii, 224.

294

INDEX.

Barton, Mr., 155.
Barton, Titus T., title of tract by
ii, 224.
Bascom Ezekiel L., title of tract
by ii, 225.
Bascom, Jonathan, title of tract
by ii, 225.
Bassett, Rev. John, 118, 122, 126.
Bayard, Samuel, oration by ii, 92,
title of tract by ii, 225.
Beach, Major, 153.
Bedford, Gunning, title of tract
by ii, 225. "
Beers, Win. Pitt, 121, 127.
eulogy by ii, 69.
title of tract by ii, 225.
Belden, Jonathan, title of tract by
ii, 326.
Belknap, Kev. Jeremy, ii, 4.
Benson, Egbert, 124, 128, 136.
Bentalou, Capt. Paul, 163.
Bentley, Lt. Col. William, 166.
Bentley, Rev. Wm., 96', 98.
Bibliographical list, ii, 219.
Bigelow, Timothy, 88, 96,
title of tract by ii, 226.
Bill, James, 117.
Bingham, Mr., 183, 184.
Bingbam, Wm., 32, 34.
Binii, David, medal by ii, 284.
Bissett, James D., 131'.
Blag, Capt. James, 163.
Blair, Rev. John D., 166.
title of tract by ii, 226.
Blake, George, 88.
title of tract by ii, 226.
Blakeley, Josiah, 232.
Blakeslee, Solomon, title of tract
by ii, 226.
Bland, Col., 58.
Bleeker, Leonard, 139.
Blenon, Anthony, 133.
Bloom, Isaac, 117.
Bloomneld, Gen., 183.
Blytb, Dr. Josepb, oration by ii,
110.
title of tract by ii, 227.
Boddily, Jobn title of tract by ii,
227
Bond, Pbineas, 137.
Boston, civic honors at 81.
list of orations at 88.
masonic honors at 93.
Bourne, Sylvanus, 228.

Bowdoin, James, ii, 4.
Bowers, James, title of tract by
ii, 227.
Boyle, John, 96.
Bradford, Alden, title of tract by
ii, 227.
Brainard, J. G., title of tract by
ii, 227.
Braman, Isaac, title of tract bv ii,
227.
Brav, Oliver, title of tract by ii,
228.
Bridge, Ebenezer, 85.
Bridport, Lord, 215.
Broadhurst, Miss, 55.
Brooks, John, title of tract by ii,
228.
Broome, Jobn, 136.
Brown, Charles Brockden, 145.
Brown, Dr. Gustavas R., 13, 14,
16, 30? 31.
Byrne, Jobn, 134.
Buckminster, Joseph, title of tracts
by ii, 228.
Burr, Aaron, 124.
Burrall, Jonathan, 136.
Burrill, George R., 102.
title of tract by ii, 229.
Burroughs, Peleg, title of tract by
ii, 229.
Cabinet medal, ii, 280.
Cabot, George, 48.
Caldwell, Charles, title of tract
by ii, 229.
Calendar medal for 1863, ii, 291.
Calhoun, James, 164.
Caller, Capt., 179.
Cambridge, hymn sung at 238.
Carleton, Sir Guy, 203.
Carmer, Nicholas G.; 132.
Carr, Mr., 56.
Carrington, Col., 167.
Carroll, Bishop John, title of tract
' by ii, 229.
Cary, Rev. Mr., 158.
Castle Island, proceedings at 83.
Catinat, 209. .
Centennial anniversary proceed
ings noticed 75.
Chamber of Commerce, 136.
Champlin, Mrs., 101.
Channing, W., 103.
Charfestown, proceedings at, ii,
257.

INDEX.

295

Chase, "Samuel, 52.
Chaudron, Simon, title of tracts
• byii, 230. •
Churchill, Silas, title of tract by
. ii, 230.
Cincinnati, badge of 188, 190.
feneral society of 183.
Tew York, 18-7.
Penna., 190.
Rhode Island, 186.
title of tract by ii, 230.
Claiborne, Chas. Cole, 31.
Clark, Rev. Abraham L., 102.
title of tract by ii, 231.
Clark, Capt., 83. .
Clark, Ebenezer, 124.
- Clark, Innes, 101.
Clark, Samuel, 134.
Clarke, Rev. Jobn, iir4.
Clarkson, Matthew, 52, 136, 137,
189.
Claxton, Thomas, -52.
Cleaveland, Moses, title of tract
by ii, 231.
Clinton, Geo. Jr., 131.
Clinton, Sir Henry, 203.
Cochran, Capt., 182.
Coe, Jonas, title of tract by ii,
231.
Coffin of Gen. Washington, 17.
Coffin, Ebenezer, title of tract by
ii, 231.-
Coffin, John, 131.
Cogan's medal, ii, 289.
Coins bearing Washington's name
ii, 278. •
Colden, Cadwallader D., 144.
Coles, John B., 136.
Collins, Alexander, title of tract
by ii, 232.
Columbia College, 136.
Conde, 209,217.
Condict, Ira, title of tract by ii,
232.
Condie, Thomas, 39.
title of book by ii, 232.
Congress, proceedings on death of
Washington, 25 to 42.
Connecticut, proceedings in 107.
general orders, 110.
Cook, Capt., 181.
Cooper, Mr., 145.
Cooper, Rev. Samuel, ii, 4.
Covey, John, title of book by ii,
232. 39

Coyle, Capt., 50
Craik, Dr. James, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 20, 24, 30.
Craik, William, 31.
Crary, Col., 103.
Crocker, Allen, 95.
Croes, John, title of tract by ii,
232.
Cuba, proceedings in 230.
Cumings, Henry, title of tract by
ii, 232.
Cumpston, Major, 124.
Cunningham, Capt., 231.
Cunningham, William, title of
tract by ii, 233. .
Curtis medalet, ii, 290
Curtis, Eleanor P., 16.
Curtis, G. Washington, 16, 75.
Cushing, William, 52.
Cutler, Mr., 95.
Cuyler, John, 119, 120.
Dale, Mr., 156.
Dana, Daniel, title of tract by ii,
233.
Dana, Joseph, title of tract by ii,
233.
Darby, William, 54.
Davenport, Ebenezer, title of tract
by ii, 233. .
Franklin, 31.
Davidson, Robert, title of tract by
ii, 233.
Davis, Colonel, 182.
Davis.-David H, 130.
Davis, John, 88.
eulogy by ii, 3.
title of tract by ii, 234.
Davis, Major, 182.
Davis, Matthew L., 133.
Davis, Mr., die sinker, ii, 285, 289.
Davis Rev. Mr., 23, 174.
Davis, Richard, 131.
Dayton, Jonathan, 32, 34.
Dayton, General, 40, 184.
Deatb of Gen. Washington, 9.
Dehon, Rev. Theodore, 105.
title of tract by ii, 234.
Dekeyfer, Col., 182.
De la Grange, title of tract by ii,
234.
Delozier, Daniel, 164.
Deneale, Col. George, 23,171.
Denning, Wm. D., 124.
Dennison, Miss, 24.
Devereaux, Capt., 223.

296

INDEX.

Dexter, Daniel S., 187.
Dexter, John S., 102.
Dexter, Samuel, 32, 34, 35, 37.
.Dick, Dr. E. C, 14, 16, 20, 30, 174.
title of oration by ii, 234.
Dick, Mr., 182.
Dickens, Asbury, title of tract by
ii, 234.
Dickson, Capt., 182.
Dirge, sung at Masonic proceed
ings Boston, 97.
Dodge, David, 130, 131.
Donnison, William, 82.
Douglass, Capt., 110.
Dubroca, J. F,. title oft ract by ii,
334.
Duer, William, 260.
Duncan, Lieut., 83.
Dunham, Josiah, title. of tract by
ii, 235.
Dunlap, Capt., 50.
Dunlap, Wm., 145.
Dunn, Samuel, 95.
Dunn, Thomas, 52.
Dunton, George, 130.
Dwight, Timothy, title of tract
by ii, 235.
Earl, Capt., 231.
Eaton, Mr., 97.
Eaton, Gen. William, 1Q.
Eccleston medals, ii, 280.
Eckley, Rev. Dr., 96.
Eggleson, Joseph, 31.
Eigenbrodt, Lewis E. A., title of
oration by ii, 235.
Elegiac poem title, of ii, 235.
Ellicott, Andrew, 52.
Elliott, Jobn, title of tract by ii, 235.
Ellis, Jonathan, title of tract by
ii, 236.
Ellison, Rev. Thomas, 118.
Ellsworth, Oliver, 52.
Eloges Funebres, title of book
ii, 236.
Emerson, Nathaniel, 83.
title of tract by ii, 236.
England, proceedings in 215.
Equestrian medal, ii, 290.
Eudes, M., 195.
Eulogies and Orations, title of
Evabook ii, 236.
Evens, Griffith, 52.
Everett Edward, 75.
Everett, Oliver, title of tract by
ii, 236.

Evertson Nicholas, 115.
Ewing, Mr., 155, 156.
Exeter, N. H., proceedings at 76.
Fairfax, Fernandina, 24.
Fairfax, Lord, 24.
Fairfax, Miss, 24.
Fame medal, ii,"287.
Farlee, James, 140.
Faulcon, Felix, oration of-192, 195.
Fay, Dr., 96.
Fayetteville, N. C, proceedings at
182.
Fish, Nicholas, 137, 139.
Fisher, Nathaniel, title of tract
by ii, 237.
Fisk, Thaddeus, title of tract by
ii, 237.
Fitzsimons, Thomas, 52.
Flint, Abel, title of tract by ii>
237.
Folsom, Peter, title of tract by ii,
237.
Fontanes, Louis, oration of 195.
title of tract by ii, 237.
Foote, Ebenezer, 124.
Forbes, Eli, title of tract by ii,
237.
Forbes, John, 131.
Fort Independence, proceedings
at 83.
Fort Trumbull, proceedings at 111.
Foster, John, title of tract by ii,
234.
Fox, Charles James, 223.
France, proceedings in 142.
Francis, Tench, 53.
Franklin, eulogy upon 201.
Mirabeau on death of 174.
Frazer, Wm. Clark, title of tract
by ii, 237.
Frelinghuysen, Frederick, title of
tract by ii, 238
Frick Peter, 164.
Frisbie, Levi, title of tract bv ii,
238. J '
Funeral at Mount Yernon, 21.
oration before congress, 58.
Furman, Richard, title of tract by
ii, 239.
Gamble, Col., 167.
Gano, Stephen, title of tract by
ii, 239.
Gansevoort, Leonard, 124.
Garnsey, Peter, 115, 124.
Gardner, Capt., 83.

INDEX.

297

Gardner, Mr., medal cut by ii,
286.
Gardiner, Rev. Mr., 179, 180.
hymn by 234.
Gates, Capt., 83.
Gay, Ebenezer, title of tract by
ii, 239.
Gazette de France, quoted 192.
General orders Connecticut, 110.
New Jersey, 151.
New York, 113.
-U.S. Army, 43.
Gilb'ert, Ezekiel, 115.
Giles, Aquilla, 137, 139, 188.
Gill, Lt. Gov., message of, 84.
reply to, 85, 87.
Gillet, Eliphalet, title of tract by
ii, 239.
Gilman, Governor, 77.
Gilmore, Robert, 164.
Gilpin, Col., 23.
Given, John, 124.
Gleason, Benjamin, title of tract
by ii, 240.
Glezen, Levi, title of tract by ii,
240.
Goldsmith, Wm. C.,164.
Goodwin, Wm., 164.
Gordon, Alexander G., 133.
Green, Aaron, title of tract by ii,
240.
Greene, Benjamin, title of tract
by ii, 240.
Griffith, William, title of tract by
ii, 240.
Guirely, Wm., title of tract by ii,
_ 241.
Griswold, Stanley, title of tract
by ii, 241.
Gunn, James, 32, 34.
Gurney, Mr., 154.
Hains, Rev. Mr., 96, 97.
Hair of Washington as a memo
rial, 99.
Haldick, Mr., 127.
Hale, Daniel, 12,0, 124.
Hall, B. H., 81.
Hall, Joseph, 84.
Hall, Lott, 81.
Hallam,"Capt. R., 111.
Halsey, Wm., title of tract by ii,
241.
Hamilton, Gen. A., 43, 51,83, 103,v
129.
Hamilton, Robert, 23.
Hancock, John, ii, 4.

Hand, Edward, 158.
Hardy, J., 139.
Harper, Capt., 171.
Harris, ThaddeusM., 96.
title of tracts by ii, 241.
Harrison, Richard, 52.
Harrison, Rev. Wm., 169, 170.
Hart, Levi, title of tract by ii,
. 242.
Hartford, proceedings in 107.
Harvard College, proceedings at
91, 92.
Harwood, W., 162.
Havana, 230.
Hay, John, 153, 183.
Heath, Col., 167.
Hemmenway, Moses, title of tract
by ii, 242.
Henderson, Capt., 230.
Henry, Capt. Jobn, 103.
Henry, John V., 115, 120.
Herkimer, John, 115.
Higbey, Capt., 50.
Hitchcock, Enos, title of tract by
ii, 242.
Hodge, Ralph, 1'34, 182.
Hoffman, Josiah Ogden, 120.
Hoffman, Martin, 135, 144.
Hoffman, William, 134.
Holcombe, Henry, title of tract
by ii, 242.
Holland, proceedings in 226.
Hollingsworth, Capt, 163.
Holmes, Abiel, title to tracts by ii,
243.
Hopkins, Daniel, title of tract by
ii, 243.
Hopkins, David, 164.
Hopkins, Maj., 51.
Hotchkiss, Frederick W., title of
tracts by ii, 243.
Houdin, Maj. Michael G., 119.
title of tract by ii, 274.
Houdin's statue of Washingten,
ii, 16.
Howell, Gov. of N. J., 51.
Huddy, Capt. Joshua, death of
202.
Huff, Capt., 50.
Hughes, J. M., 140.
Hunter, Capt., 180.
Hunter, Rev. Mr., 151.
Huntington, Asahel, title of tract
by ii, 244.
Huntington, Enoch, title of tract
by ii, 244.

298

INDEX.

Huntington, Gen. J., 111.
title of tract by ii, 244.
Huntington, Mr., 126.
Huntly, Miss, 54.
Huse, Jonathan, title of tract by
ii, 245.
Hymn sung at Hartford 109.
Hymns and Odes, title of ii, 245.
Indian, or peace medal ii, 279.
Innes, James, 52.
Irvin, Peter, 144.
Irving, William, 134.
Isbam, Jirah, title of tract by ii, 245.
Ives, Mr., 101.
Jackson, Maj. Daniel, 103.
Jackson, Major Wm., 51, 190.
title of tract by ii, 245.
Jay, Gov. Jobn, 112, 113, 124.
message of 113.
Johnson, Capt., 153.
Johnson, Edward, 164.
Johnson, Rev. John B., 118, 119.
title of tract by ii, 246.
Johnson, Wm. H, 136.
Johnston, Major Win.; 171, 174.
Jones, Benjamin, 134.
Jones, John Coffin, 85.
Jones, Mr., 154.
Jones, Samuel, 124.
Kean, Mr., 155.
Keith, Isaac Stockton, title of
tract by ii, 246.
Kemp, James, title of tract by ii,
246.
Kemp, Jobn, 136.
Kendall, James, title of tract by
ii, 246.
Kent, James, 124.
Kern, Thomas, 164.
Kielty, Capt., 163.
King, Andrew, 136.
King, Walter, title of tract by ii,
247.
Kinker, Johannes, title of tract
by ii, 247.
Kinker, J., remarks by 227.
Kirkland, Rev. J. T., 88.
title of tract by ii, 247.
Kosciusko, medal with bust of ii,
283.
La Fayette, M., de, title of tract
attributed to ii, 247.
medal with bust of ii, 283.
Landais, Lt. Philip, 162. >
Langdon, Chauncey, title of tract
by ii, 248.

Lansing, Capt., 120.
Langdon, Jobn, 172.
Lansing, John Jr., 124.
Larzelere, Jacob, title of tract by
ii, 248.
Lathrop, John, monody by 236.
Laughton, Josepb, 95.
Law, Mr., 17, 24; Mrs., 23.
Law, Lyman, title of tract by ii,
244. .
Lawrence, John, 32, 34.
Lawrence, Jonathan, 189.
Lawrence Lewis, 16.
Lear, Tobias, 27, 29, 30, 34, 100.
biographical notice of 9.
account, of last sickness of
Gen. Washington, 10.
Ledyard, Isaac, title of tract by ii,
248.-
Lee, Elisha, title of tract by ii,
249.
Lee, Henry, 31, 33.
oration of 58, 61, ii, 243.
notice of 158.
Lee, Gen. R. E., 22.
LeGrand, M.,»195.
Leiper, Capt., 50.
.Leonard, David A., title of tract
by ii, 249.
Letter of Gen. Lee to Congress,
61.
T. Sedgwick to Gen. H.'Lee,
• 60.
Mrs. Washington to Presi
dent, 74.
Levee, presidential, 98.
Lewis, Eldad, title of tract by ii,
249. .
Lewis, Morgan, 124.
Lewis, Mrs., 11, 16.
L'Hommedieu, Ezra, 117, 118.
Life of Washington, title of ii,
250.
Lilly, Miss, 126,127.
Lincoln, Gen., 9.
Linn, G. B., title of tract by ii,
. 250.
Linn, Rev. Wm., 136, 189.
title of tract by ii, 250.
Lippencot, Capt., 202, 203.
Lisle, Henry M., title of tract by
ii, 250.
Little, Col., 23.
Little, Josiah, 85.
Livingston, Henry Brockholst,
137.

INDEX.'

299

Livermore, Samuel, 37, 51.
Livingston, Henry B.,137.
Livingston, R. R., 135.
London Courrier, article from 218.
Love, Charles, title of tract by ii,
251.
Lovett, John, poem by 260.
title of ii, 251.
Lovett, Robert Jr., medal of ii,
283, 283.
Low, Nicholas, 136.
Lowell, John Jr., 84.
Lush, Richard, 119, 123, 124.
Lyman, Daniel, 105. «
McAlister, Col., 18, 182.
McClallen, Capt. John, 112, 122.
McClellan, Mr., 156.
McClery, Wm., 164.
MacClintock, Samuel, title of tract
by-ii, 251.
McClure, David, title of tract by
ii, 251:
McGaw, Jacob, title of tract by ii,
251.
McHenry, James, 43, 51.
McKean, Gov., message of. 154.
McKean, Capt., 49.
McKee, Capt., 167.
McKeehan, David, title of tract
byii, 251.
MaCkenbeimer, Maj,, 163.
Maclay, Mr., 156,
McLean, Col., 50.
Macomber, Ebenezer, 102.
Macpherson, Gen, Wm., 46, 49,
190.
McQueen, Capt.', 182.
Macwhorter, Rev, Dr., 153.
title of tract by ii, 253.
Madison, Mr,, 11.
Madison, James, title of tract by
ii, 252. -
Moffit, Rev. Mr., 174.
Magaw, Rev. Samuel, 158.
title of tract ;by ii, 252,
Malbone, Francis, 103, 106.
Mallet, Mr., 19, 182.
Manhattan Company, 135.
Marblehead, proceedings at 91.
Maret, M., 197.
Marine Society, N. Y., 136.
Marsh, Ebenezer, G., title of tract
by ii, 252.
Marshall, Jobn, 25, 26, 30, 31, 33.
Marsteller, Col., 23. 40

Maryland, proceedings in 161.
Mason, Rev. John M, oration by
ii, 160.
title of tract by ii, 253.
Masonic address to Mrs. Wash
ington, 98.
proceedings Baltimore, 165.
" Boston, 93.
New York, 133, 143.,
Mathews, James, 51.
Massachusetts, proceedings in 81.
reply of Gen. Court to mes
sage 85, 87.
resolutions of 87, 88.
Meade, Samuel, title of tract by
ii, 253.
Medals bearing Washington's
name, ii, 278.
Memory of Washington, title ii,
253.
Menhorter, Mr., 155.
Mercantile Advertiser, Elegy from
239.
Merchant, George, 119, 120.
Meredith, Samuel, 52.
Merriam's medals ii, 288.
Merrick, Pliny, title of tract by
ii, 254.
Merryman, Jobn, 164.
Mersereau, John, 131.
Message to congress 73, Pa., 84 :
Mass., 85: N. H.,78: NY.,
113: Vt.,80.
title of Presidents ii, 2.54.
Messinger, Roswell, title of tract
by ii, 254.
Miles, Noah, title of tract by ii,
255.
Miller, Alexander, title of tract
by ii, 255.
Miller, Samuel, title of tract by
ii, 355.
Miller, William, 53.
Minot, Geo. R., 88, 90.
Eulogy by ii, 59.
title of tract by ii, 255.
Mint memorial ii, 290.
Mirabeau on the death of Frank
lin, 198.
Mitchill, Samuel L., 136.
Moffat, Rev. Mr., 23.
Moffet, Capt., 233.
Mole, Richard, 164.
Monody sung at N. Y. Theatre
145.

300

INDEX.

Monody sung at Phila. Theatre,
160.
Monroe, President, 11, 75.
Monument, resolution to erect,
40, 189.
Moody Silas, title of tract by ii,
255
Mooney, Wm., 130, 131.
Moore, Rt. Rev. Benjamin, 136.
Mordecai, Mr., 180.
Morison, William, title of tracts
by ii, 255.
Morrel, Capt., 50.
Morrell, Thomas, title of tract by
ii, 256.
Morris, Capt., 163.
Morris, Gouverneur, oration by ii,
136.
title of tract by ii, 256.
Morris, Jacob, 117.
Morris, James, title of tract by ii,
256.
Morris, Lewis R., 31.
Morse, Jedediah, title of tract by
ii, 256. "
Morton, Jacob, 95, 133, 135, 140,
143, 144.
Morton, John, 230.
Moseley, Jonathan O., title of
tract by ii, 257.
Mosher, Col., 163.
Mourning ordered .by congress,
41.
Moylan, Stephen, 51.
Muhlenburgh, Peter, 31.
Muir, Rev. Mr., 23, 174.
Mumford, Major, 182,
Murray, Hugh, 129.
Murray, John, 129, 136,
Music, title of ii, 12, 257.
Mycall, John, title of tract by ii,
279.
Myers, Capt., 165, 166.
Naked bust Washington cent ii,
257.
Napoleon, order of 195, 197.
Navy orders, 47.
Newark, N. J., proceedings at
153.
Newcomb, Capt., 150.
New Hampshire, official proceed
ings, in 76.
New Jersey, proceedings in 151.
New London, proceedings at
110.

Newport, R. I. proceedings at 102,
103.
Washington Square named,
107.
Newspaper notice of the death
earliest, 25.
New Year's address, Hartford
- paper, 270.
New York, proceedings in State
of 112, 114, 115,116.
New York city,proceedings of 128.
New York Branch U. S. Bank,
136.
Cincinnati, 188.
Insurance Co., 136.
medals ii, 289.
Niles, Samuel, title of tract by ii,
258.
North Carolina, proceedings in
180.
North, Gen. Wm., 47, 129.
Norton, Mr., 189.
Nott, Rev. Eliphalet, 118, 122, 127.
Nourse, Josepb, 53.
O'Brian, Rev- Matthew, 118.
title of oration by ii, 258.
Ode sung at Alexandria, 176.
at Boston, 96.
at New York, 140.
Ogden, Rev. Dr., 153, 169.
Ogden, Uzal, title of tract by ii,258.
Oldmixon, Mrs., 55.
Oliver, Daniel, 96.
Olney, Christopher, 102.
Olney, Jeremiah, 102.
Orations anonymous, titles of ii,
258.
Order of the day, France, 195.
Orr, Benjamin, title of tract by ii,
259.
Osgood, David, title of tract by
ii, 259.
Oswald, Mr., 33, 52.
Otis, Mr., 31. " '
Otis, Joseph, ii, 3.
Overton, Col., 182.
Paguet, A. O, medal by ii, 280.
Paine, Seth, title of tract by ii,
259.
Paine Tho. [Robert Treat Jr.], ode
by 333.
Parish, Elijah, title of tract by ii,
360.
Parker, Isaac, title of tract by ii,
260.

INDEX.

301

Parker, Nathaniel, 80.
Parkhurst, Capt., 153.
Patten, Wm., title of tract by ii.
261.
Patterson, Wm., 52.
Payne, Col., 23.
Payson, Phillips, title of tract by
¦ ii, 261.
Peace medal ii, 379.
Peale, W. O, 159.
Pearce, Nicholas, coin engrave!1
ii, 381.
•Pearss, John P., 134.
Pearss, Jonathan Jr., 130.
Peirce, Proctor, title of tract by
ii, 361.
Pendleton, Nathaniel, 129, 188.
Pennsylvania, proceedings, in 154,
Cincinnati, 190.
Perkins, Capt., 111.
Perkins, Jacob, medals of ii, 281,
282.
Peter, Mr., 17, 27.
Peters, John, 130.
Petersburgh, proceedings at 168:
Philadelphia civic celebration 158.
Philharmonic Society, 137, 140.
Philips, Exeter Academy, 78, 79,
Philips, Samuel, 85.
Phillips, Charles, title of tract by
ii, 261.
Pickering, Timothy, 42, 52,
Pickman, Benjamin, 84.
Pierce, Jobn, title of tract by iis
262.
Pierson, Isaac, 133.
Pinckney, Major, 184.
Pinckney, Gen., 47, 166.'
Plattsburgh, proceedings at 150.
Poems, 233.
Porter, David, title of tract by ii,
262.
Porter, Eliphalet, title of tract by
ii, 272.
Portrait ordered by Penn'a, 156.
Rhode Island, 101.
Port Republican, proceedings at
232.
Prayer before Congress, 57.
Prentice, John, 79.
Prince, John, title of tract by ii,
262.
Procession at grave of Washing
ton, 23. .
ordered by congress, 40.

Proclamation of President Adams,
42.
Providence, proceedings at 101.
Provost, Rev. Bp., 140.
Purviance, Robert, 164,
Purviance, Major S. D., 183.
Pryon, Col., 167.
Radcliff, Jacob, 124.
Raleigh, N. C., proceedings at
180.
Ramsay, Col., 23, 163.
Ramsay, David, title of tract by
ii, 262.
Rawlins, Mr., 12, 13, 15.
Ray, Cornelius, 136.
Read, Jacob, 34, 35.
Reeve, Tappan, ii, 69.
Reid, John, 52. t
Resolutions in Congress, 28, 29,
33, 34, 40, 58.
Revere, Paul, 95, 99, 1Q0.
Rhea, J., 152'.
Rhode Island, proceedings in 100.
Cincinnati, 186.
Richardson, Joseph, title of tract
by ii, 263.
Richards, Col., 111.
Richards, George, title of tract by
ii, 263.
Richardson,- Capt., 167.
Richardson, Wm., 133.
Richmond, proceedings at 165, 166.
hymn sung at 238.
Ritchie, Robert, 232.
Robbins, Edward H., 85.
Rbbbins, Thomas, title of tract
by ii, 263.
Roberdeau, Isaac, title of tract by
ii, 263.
Robinson's medalet, ii, 290.
Robinson Wm. H, 134.
Roche, Edward, title of tract by
ii, 263.
Rodgers, Dr. John R., 189.
Rogers, Col., 103, 163.
Rogers, Joseph, 106.
Rogers, Rev. Jobn, 136.
Rogers, Nicholas, 164.
Rogers, Wm., title of tract by ii,
264.
Roloffs, B., 227.
Romaine, Benjamin, 131.
Ross, James, 35.
Rowland, Rev. Mr.,' 77.
Russell, Benjamin, 95.

302

INDEX.

Russell, John Miller, title of tract
by ii, 264.
Russell, Major, 83.
Russell, Mr., 85.
Rutledge, John Jr., 31.-
St. Jago de Cuba, 231.
Salem, proceedings at 90.
Sanders Daniel O, title of tract
by ii, 264.
Sarcophagus prepared, 21.
Savage, Edward, 115.
Savage, Ezekiel, title of tract by
¦ii, 265.
Schenectady, proceedings at 123,
149.
Schuyler, Peter C., 26, 131.
Schuyler, Gen. Philip, 124.
Scolay, Mr., 95.
Sedgwick, Theodore, 52, 61).
Selection of orations and eulogies
ii, 265.
Series Numismatica, ii, 283, 284.
Sewall, Daniel, title of tract by ii,
265.
Sewall, Jonathan M., title of tract
by ii, 265.
Shaw, John O, 137.
Shaw, Mr., 74.
Sheldon, Col., 103.,
Sherburne-, Col., 103.
Shinri, Capt., 163.
Sickness and death of Gen.
Washington, 10, to 20.
Simm, Capt., 171, 173.
Simms, Col., 23.
Singer, .Capt., 50.
Singleton, Lieut., 83.
Skinner, Abraham, 134, 135, 144.
Smith, Gen., 163.
Smith, Jeremiah, title of tract by
ii, 265.
Smith, John, 164.
Smith, Joseph, title of tract by ii,
266.
Smith, Mr., 156.
Smith, Samuel 30, 31.
Smith, Samuel S., 151.
oration by ii, 178.
title of tract by ii, 266.
Smyth, Andrew, 133.
Snowden, James Ross,ii, 281.
Soldiers of Revolution, call to 82.
Southwark light infantry 49.
.Spaulding, Joshua, title of tract
by ii, 266.

Spencer, Lieut'., 188.
Spooner, Capt, 103.
Sprague, John, 84, 85.
Spring, Samuel, title of tract by
'ii, 266.
Spurr, John, 102.
Staats, Barent G., 119, 120.
Stagg, John Jr., 140, 188.
Stearns, Elisha, title of tract by
ii, 266.
Steele, John, 52.
Steuben, Baron, 129.
Stevens, Ebenezer, 137, 140.
Stewart, Gilbert,' 101.
Stillman, Rev. Samuel, 88.
title of tract by ii, 266.
Stoddert, Benjamin, Sec. Navy,
48, 51.
Stoddert, Col. David, 163.
Stone, David, 31.
Stone, Eliab, title of tract by ii,
267.
Story, Isaac, title of tract by ii,
* 267.
Story, Joseph, eulogy by ii, 82.
title of tract by ii, 267.
Stoughton, Don Thomas, 131.
Striker, John, 131, 163.
Strong, Caleb, message of 89,
Strong, Joseph, title of tract by ii,
267.
Strong, Rev. Nathan,- 108.
title of tract by ii, 267.
Strutbers, John, sarcophagus giv
en by 21.
Stuart, Alexander, 130.
Stuart, Mrs., 23.
Stuart, Misses, 24. .
Sumner, Charles P., title of tract
by ii, '268.
Sumner, Gov. Increase, 85, 89,
ii,. 5.
Swartwurt, Bernardus Jr., 139,
189.
Syrne, Re'v. Andrew, 169; 170.
Taggart, Samuel, title of tract by
ii, 268.
Taliafero, Benjamin, 31.
Tammany Society 130.
Tappan, David, title of tract by
ii, 268, 275.
Tappan, Rev. Davis, 93.
Taylor, Capt., 50.
Taylor, Col., 163.
Taylor, George K., 17-0.

INDEX.

303

Taylor, John, 124.
Taylor, Mr., 165.
Taylor, Miss, 183.
Ten Broeck, Gen. Abraham, 124.
Ten Broeck, Dirk, 115, 120, 133.
Terry, Ezekiel, title of tract by ii,
268.
Tew, Col., 103.
Thacher, Rev. Peter, 88.
Thacher, Peter, title of tract by
ii, 263.
Thacher, Thomas, title of tract by
ii, 269.
Thacher, Thomas O, title of tract
by ii, 269.
Theams, Major, 182.
Theatre, N. Y., proceedings at 145.
Theatre, Philadelphia, 160.
Tichenor, Isaac, 80.
Timpson, Thomas, 131.
Tomb, Samuel, title of tract by ii,
269.
Toussard, Louis, 46, 51.
Tracy, John, 124.
Tracy, Uriah, 32, 35.
Treat, RicbardS., 120, 122.
Trenton, N. .1., proceedings in
151.
Trotter, Matthew, 120.
Troup, Robert, 137, 188.
Trumbull, Benjamin, title of tract
by ii, 269.
Trumbull, Jonathan, 110.
Tuckerman, Joseph, 88.
Tuckerman, Joseph, title of tract
by ii, 270.
Tufts, Cotton, title of tract by ii,
270.
Turenne, 209.
Turner, Capt, 179.
Tyler, John, title of tract by ii,
270.
Tyng, Dudley A., designs a medal
ii, 281.
Uilenbrack, R. J., 227.
United States Insurance Co., N.
Y., 136.
Utt, Jobn, 131.
Yan Allen, Cornelius C, 131.
Van Arsdale, Capt., 153.
Van Boskirk, Capt. L., 123.
Vandenbroeck, Reiner John, 144.
145.
Vanderkemp, F.A., title of tract
by ii, 270.

Vandewall, Col., 167.
Van Horn, A., 162.
Van Horn, D., 113, 124.
Van Pelt, Peter, title of tract by
ii, 271.
Van Rensselaer, John J., 123.
Van Rensselaer, Major Solomon,
122, 123.
Van Rensselaer, Philip S., 119,
120, 125.
Van Rensselaer, Stephen, 137.
Van Scbaick, Major, 120.
Varick, Col. Richard, 13 7.
Vaults for Washington in Capitol,
75.
Vergennes, Count, 204.
Vermont, proceedings in 80.
Ver Plank, Gulian, 136.
Virginia, proceedings in 165.
Vining, John, title of tract by
ii, 271.
Vinson, Samuel, 106.
Voltaire, medal by order of ii,
278
Waddell, Rev. Mr., 151. -
Wadsworth, Benj., title of tract
by ii, 271.
Wait, Marvin, 111.
Walsh, Dudley, 120.
Walton, Rev. Dr., 97.
Ward, Artemus, Jr. 84.
Ware, Henrv, title of tract by ii,
271. "
Wan-ell, Mrs., 56. '
Warren, John, 95, 99, 100.
Warrenton, proceedings at 179.
Washburn, Edmund, 130.
Washington, Busbrod, 52.
Washington, John A., 22, 75,
.76.
Washington," Kosciusko, and La
fayette medal, ii, 283.
Washington, Mrs., 11, 12, 13, 14,
16, 18, 21, 22, 41.
letter of to president 74.
death of 91.
Washington, Mrs., Masonic ad
dress to 98.
reply to 99.
Washingtoniana, titles of ii, 271,
272.
Washington's Monuments of Pa
triotism, ii, 272.
Washington's Political Legacies,
ii, 272.

304

INDEX.

Washington's will, editions of ii,
272.
Waterhouse, Lieut., 83.
Waterman, Nehemiah, title of
tract by ii, 374,
Watson, James, 136, 189.
Watson, Marston, 93.
Wedden, Zophea, 130.
Weems, M. L., Life of Washing
ton ii, 274.
Welsh, Dr., 83.
Wendell, Adj., 120, 122.
Wendell, Col., 124.
Wendell, John H, 130.
Wendover, Peter H, 133,
West, Rev. Samuel, 88.
West, Samuel, title of tract by ii,
. 274.
Westerlo, Rensselaer, 119, 120.
Westwood medals, ii, 285.
Wetmore, Wm., title of tract by
ii, 274.
Wharton, Capt, 49.
Wharton, Dr., title of tract by. ii,
275.
Wheaton, Joseph, 52.
Wheeler, Rev. Peter-, 88.
White, Bishop, 54.
White, Daniel A., title of tract by
ii, 275.
White, Philip, death of 202.
White, Capt. Samuel, oration by
ii, 150.
title of tract Try ii, 275.

Whitewell, Benj., title of tract by
ii, 275.
Wignell, Mr., 159.
Wilkes, Charles, 136.
Willard; Pres. Joseph, 9.
Willard, Joseph, title of tract by
ii, 275.
Williams, Rensselaer, 115.
Williams, Major Robert, 180.
Williston, Seth, title of tract by
ii, 276.
Wilson, James, 52.
Wilson, James, title of tract by
ii, 276.
Wilson, Peter, 136.
Winchester, James, 164.
Winne, Capt., 124.
Wolcott, Oliver, Sec. Treas. 52.
Wood, A., title'of tract by ii, 276.
Wood, Gen., 167.
Wood, Silas, 115.
Woodruff, Hezekiah, title of tract
by, ii, 376.
Wgodward, Wm., title of tract by
ii, 277.
Woolsey, Melancton T., 150.
title of address by ii, 277.
Worcester, Leonard, title of ad
dress by ii, 277.
Worcester, Samuel, title of address
by ii, 277.
Wright medal, ii, 286.
Wyon medals, ii, 287, 288.
Yates, Josepb 0, 149.

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