YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 06126 3019 "1 gips thtft'Bpa^ Gift of Prof. Fred. W. Williams DICTIONARY THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS, COMPILED AS A MANUAL OF REFERENCE LEGISLATOR AND STATESMAN. CHARLES LANMAN. THIRD EDITION: REVISED AND BROUGHT DOWN TO JULY 28, I860. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1866. Entered, aeccording to Act of Congress, in the yeri.r lt6G, By Charles Lanman, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United State: for the District of Colombia. [By resolution of the Senate of the Uuited States, passed at the First Session of the Thirty-ninth Congress, fifteen hundred and fifty copies were ordered to be printed for the mre of that body; the copyright for those numbers having been duly assigned.] PREFACE. Political laws, wisely framed, have made the United States powerful and wealthy to a degree unexampled in modern times ; and I have thought that a book of facts, recording the public services of our National law makers, would be a deserved tribute to them, and, at the same time, be generally useful. The record embraces the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates who have served under the Federal Constitution, as well as the Delegates to the Continental Congress, and has been made in each case as cor rect and concise as possible. Of many men more might have been written, but that was not deemed expedient in a work of this kind ; and where not enough has been said, the fault must be attributed to the indifference of the persons mostly interested, or to the neglect of their friends. Not being a politician, it has given me but little trouble to be impartial. My intention has been to express no opinions of living men, and but seldom to echo public opinion in regard to the dead. My leading object has been to pre pare a kind of labor-saving machine, for the benefit of all who feel an interest in the political history and future prosperity of the Republic ; and, in the Appendix, I have endeavored to bring together, from the govern ment archives, a mass of Legislative and Executive information, calculated to be of service to Members of Congress, while engaged in their public duties, and especially in their examination of the Public Documents. CONTENTS. PAGE, Senators, Representatives, and Delegates, with Biographical Data. 1 Successive Sessions of Congress 429 Speakers of the House of Representatives 431 Presidents of the Senate 431 Secretaries of the Senate 433 Clerks of the House of Representatives 433 Chaplains to Congress 434 Successive Administrations 435 Preseoential Electors 439 The Supreme Court 488 Ministers to Foreign Countries 492 The Declaration of Independence 513 Delegates to the Continental Congress 519 Presidents of the Continental Congress 523 Sessions of the Continental Congress 523 Articles of Confederation 524 The Constitution of the United States 529 Organization of the Executive Departments 540 The States and Territories of the American Union 548 Origin of the Names of States 553 Progress of Population in the United States 555 Population and Ratio of Representation 556 The State and Territorial Governors 558 Right of Suffrage in the Several States 567 Qualifications for Governors, Senators, and Representatives 570 Index by States 575 Index to Appendix 602 dictionary THE UUITED STATES COIGRESS. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Abbott, Amos. — Born in Andover, Massachusetts, September 10, 1786. He was educated at a district school, but spent the most of his life as a trader and merchant. During the years 1835, 1836, and 1842, he was a Representative in the Massachusetts Legislature; and from 1840 to 1 842 a member of the State Senate. He represented his native State in Congress from 1843 to 1849, and was a member of the Committees on the Militia and on Manufactures. Abbott, Joel. — Was born in Fairfield, Connecticut, emigrated to Georgia, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Wilkes County, in that State, from 1817 to 1825, serving as a member of the Committees on Commerce and the Slave- Trade. Died November 19, 1826. Abbott, Nehemiah. — Bom in Sidney, Maine, March 29, 1806. He was a lawyer by profession ; was a member of the House of Representatives, in the Maine Legisla ture, in 1842 and 1843, and was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolu tionary Pensions. Abercrombie, James. — He was born in Georgia, and, removing to Alabama, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Adair, John. — He was born in 1758, in Chester County, South Carolina; emigra ted to Kentucky in 1787; served as a major in the border warfare of the time ; was elected to the Kentucky Legislature, serving one year as Speaker ; was a mem ber in 1799 of the Convention which formed the State Constitution ; subsequently held the office of Register of the Land Office in Kentucky; and was a Senator of the United States, from Kentucky, during the years 1805 and 1806 ; commanded the Ken tucky troops at the battle of New Orleans, under General Jackson ; and was appoint ed a general in the army. He was elected a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1831 to 1833, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Military Affairs. He died at Harrodsburg, May 19, 1840. Adams, Andrew. — He was born in Stratford, Connecticut, in January, 1736 ; graduated at Yale College in 1760 ; adopted the profession of law and settled in the practice at Litchfield in 1764 ; from 1777 to 1782 he was a Delegate from Connecti cut to the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Con federation ; and in 1789 he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Connec ticut, and in 1793 Chief Justice of said Court. Died November 26, 1799. Adams, Benjamin. — Born at Worces ter, Massachusetts ; was a member of the Legislature, as Representative, from 1809 to 1814, and as Senator, in J8J4 and 1815; and from 1822 to 1825 ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress from his native State, from 1816 to 1821, and was a member of the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and Public Expenditures. He died at Uxbridge, Massachusetts, in April, 1837. Adams, Charles P. — Born in Boston, August 18, 1807; spent the most of his boyhood in St. Petersburg and London, whilst his father, John Quincy Adams, was Minister to Russia and England ; he graduated at Harvard University in 1825 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828 ; served three years in the Lower House, and two years in the Upper House of the Massachusetts Legislature; in 1848 he was a Delegate to the Buffalo Convention and elected President ; was the candidate for Vice-President on the ticket with Mr. Van Buren ; and he was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures, and as a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He < was at one time the editor of a paper called the "Boston Whig;" was a contributor BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. to the North American Review, and the editor of the well-known Adams Letters, and is the author of the standard Biogra phy of his grandfather, John Adams. Re elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but was appointed by President Lincoln Minister to England in 1861. In 1864 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Harvard University. Adams, Green. — Born in Barbours- ville, Knox County, Kentucky, August 20, 18.12 ; was bred a farmer, but read law and adopted that profession ; in 1832 and 1833 he was Deputy Sheriff of Knox County ; in 1839, he was elected to the State Legis lature, and re-elected ; he was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of the Committee on Engraving. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1844 and 1856, and a Judge of the Circuit Court of Kentucky from 1851 to 1856. In 1859 he was elected a .Representative from Ken tucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. In 1861 he was appointed by Presi dent Lincoln Sixth Auditor of the Treasury. Adams, John. — Bom at Braintree, Mas sachusetts, October 30, 1735 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1 755 ; instructed a ¦class of scholars in Latin and Greek for a subsistence ; studied law, and having been admitted to the bar, settled at Quincy to practice his profession. As a member of the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1777, he was among the formost in recom mending an independent Government. In 1777, he was chosen Commissioner to the Court of Versailles. On his return he»was chosen a member of the Convention called to prepare a form of government for Mas sachusetts. In September, 1779, he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to ne gotiate a peace, and had authority to form a commercial treaty with Great Britain. In June, 1780, he was appointed Ambas sador to Holland; and, in 1782, he went to Paris to engage in the negotiation for peace, having previously obtained assur ance that Great Britain would recognize the independence of the United States. After serving on two or three commissions to form treaties of amity and commerce with foreign powers, in 1785 he was ap pointed first Minister to London ; and. in 1788, having been absent nine years, he returned to America. In March, 1789, the new Constitution of the United States • went into operation, and he became the first Vice-President, which office he held during the whole of Washington's admin istration. On the resignation of Washing ton, he became, March 4, 1797, President of the United States. This was the termination of his public functions ; and he spent the remainder of his days upon his farm in Quincy, occupying himself with agriculture, and obtaining amuse ment from the literature and politics of the day. He died on the fourth of July, 1826, with the same words on his lips which, fifty years before, on that day, he had uttered on the floor of Congress: "Independence forever!" His principal publications are, ' ' Letters on the American Revolution," "Defence of the American Constitution," an "Essay on Canon and Federal Laws," a series of letters under the signature of Novanglus, and Discourses on Davila. It was as Vice-President that he had a seat in the Senate. In 1856 his life and writings were published, in ten vol umes, edited by his grandson, C. F. Adams. Adams, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Greene County, New York, from 1833 to 1835, and was a member of the Committee on Invalid Pen sions. He died at Catskill, New York, September 28, 1854. Adams, John Quincy. — Born in Brain- tree, now Quincy, Mass., July 11, 1767. When ten years of age, he accompanied his father to France ; and when fifteen, was private secretary to the American Minister in Russia. He was graduated at Harvard University in 1787 ; studied law in New- buryport, and settled in Boston. From 1794 to 1801 he was American Minister to Holland, England, Sweden, and Prussia. He was a Senator in Congress from 1803 to 1808 ; Professor of Rhetoric in Harvard University, with limited duties, from 1806 to 1808 ; was appointed, in 1809, Minister to Russia ; assisted in negotiating the Treaty of Ghent, in 1814 ; and assisted, also, as Minister, at the Convention of Commerce with Great Britain, in 1815. He was Secretary of State under President Monroe ; and was chosen President of the United States in 1825, serving one term. In 1831 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and continued in that position until his death, which occurred in the Speaker's room, two days after . falling from his seat in the House of Representa tives, February 23, 1848. His last words were: "This is the end of earth; I am content." He was chairman of several of the most important comaiittees, and always a working member of the House. He pub lished "Letters on Silesia," "Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory," and various BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. "Poems," besides many occasional letters and speeches. His unpublished writings, it is said, would make many volumes. Adams, Parmenio. — He was born in Hartford, Connecticut, and was a Repre sentative in Congress from Batavia, Gene see County, New York, from 1823 to 1827. Adams, Robert H— He was a Senator in Congress, by appointment, from Missis sippi, from January to May, in 1830, and died on the second day of July following. Adams, Samuel.— Bom in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1722 ; graduated at Har vard University in 1740 ; was one of the first who organized measures of resistance to the mother country ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; was a Dele gate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1782; signed the Articles of Confederation ; was a member of the Massachusetts Convention which accepted the Federal Constitution; and, on the adoption of the State Constitution, he was elected President of the Senate. He was Lieutenant Governor of Massachu setts from 1789 to 1794, and subsequently Governor until 1797; and he died October 3, 1803. Adams, Stephen. — He was a native of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and had been a member of the Senate of that State. Removing to Mississippi, he took an active part in public affairs ; was a member of the State Legislature, and a Representative in Congress, from 1845 to 1847 ; he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court, and from 1852 to 1857 was a Senator in Con gress from Mississippi, serving on several committees. He removed to Tennessee with the intention of practicing law at Memphis, where he died, May 11, 1857. Adams, Thomas. — He was a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation. Addams, 'William. — He was bom in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Pennsyl vania from 1825 to 1829, and served on a Committee for the Deaf and Dumb Insti tutions of New York and Ohio. He was, also, Auditor of Berks County, Pennsyl vania, in 1813 and 1814; Commissioner of the County from 1814 to 1817 ; member of the State Legislature from 1822 to 1824; and Associate Judge of Berks County from 1839 to 1842. Died in the spring of 1855. Adgate, Asa. — He was a Representa tive in the Legislature of New York from Clinton County, from 1798 to 1799, and elected Representative in Congress from Essex County, in that State, from 1815 to 1817, and was again a member of the Legislature in 1823. Adrain, Garnett B.— Bom in the city of New York, December 20, 1816. He graduated at Rutgers College, New Jersey, in 1833 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837 ; and was a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from New Jersey, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Engraving. He was also elected a member of the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Engraving. In January, 1861, he offered the resolution of thanks to Major Robert Anderson for his defence of Fort Sumter. After leaving Congress he was devoted to his profession. All], John A— He was bom in Stans- bury, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in August, 1815; received a good English education ; studied medicine with his father, and graduated at the "AVashington Medi cal College" of Baltimore. He abandoned his profession in 1850, and turned his at tention to various kinds of manufactures, and was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on .Manufactures. Aiken, 'William. — He was bom in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1806; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1825 ; was a member of the State Legisla ture in 1838, 1840, and 1 842 ; was Governor of South Carolina in 1844 ; and a Repre sentative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1857. He was considered one of the most successful rice planters in his native State. Akers, Thomas Peter. — He vyas elect ed a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-fourth Congress for the unexpired term of J. G. Miller, and served one ses sion. Albertson, Nathaniel. — He was born in Virginia, aud was elected a Representa tive in Congress from the First Congres sional District of Indiana, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Public Lands. Albright, Charles J. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was elected from the BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. of Ohio a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Aldrich, Cyrus. — Born in Smithfield, Rhode Island, in June, 1808; received a common school education; has followed the various occupations of a sailor, a boat man, a farmer, a contractor on public works, and a mail contractor ; was a mem ber of the Illinois Legislature ; also a Register of Deeds and Register of the Land Office at Dixon, in that State, for four years ; and, having removed to Minnesota, was a member of the Constitutional Convention of that State ; member of the County Board of Hampshire County, in that State ; and was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Agriculture. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. After leaving Congress he was appointed by President Lincoln a commissioner to settle claims against the Sioux Indians. Alexander, Adam R. — He was born in Washington County, Virginia, and was elected a Representative in Congress from Madison County, Tennessee, from 1823 to 1827, and served as a member of the Com mittee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Alexander, Evan.— Born in North Carolina ; graduated at Princeton College in 1787 ; was a member of the Legislature for two years ; and a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1805 to 1809. Died October 28, 1809. Alexander, Henry P.— He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress from Herkimer County, in that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department. Alexander, James, Jr. — He was horn in Maryland ; was a resident of St. Clairs- ville, Belmont County, Ohio, and elected a Representative in Congress from the Eleventh District in that State, from 1837 to 1839, and was a member of the Com mittee on Public Expenditures. Died Au gust 6, 1846. Alexander, John.— He was elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio, May 4, 1813, serving till 1817. Alexander, Mark.— He was bom in Mecklenburg County, Virginia, and elected a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1819 to 1833, and served on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions, Ways and Means, and Expenditures in the State Department, and the District of Co lumbia. Alexander, Nathaniel. — Graduated at Princeton College in 1776, and, after study ing medicine, entered the army. At the close of the war he resided at the High Hills of Santee, pursuing his profession, and afterwards at Mecklenburg. While he held a seat in Congress, as a Repre sentative from North Carolina, from 1803 to 1805, the Legislature elected him Gover nor for 1806. He died at Salisbury, March 8, ] 808, aged fifty-two. In all his public stations he is said to have discharged his duty with ability and firmness. Alexander, Robert. — He was a Dele gate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777. Alford, Julius C. — He was born in Georgia, and was elected a Representative in Congress from Troup County, in that State, from 1839 to 1842, and served as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Allen, Andrew. — He was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Con- gres in 1775 to 1776. Allen, Charles.— He was bom in Wor cester, Massachusetts, August 9, 1797, and was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853, and a member of the Committee on the District of Colum bia. He was also a member of the State Legislature in 1829, 1833, 1834, 1838, and 1840; and a State Senator in 1835, 1838, and 1839; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1842 to 1844 ; Chief Justice of the Superior Court from 1858 to 1859; member of the State Constitutional Con ventions of 1848, 1853, and 1859; and a Commissioner to negotiate the Webster Treaty in 1842. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Allen, Chilton.— He was born in Albe marie County, Virginia, April 6, 1786, and settled in Kentucky as a wheelright. He educated himself for the legal profession ; from Clark County was elected in 1811 to the Legislature of Kentucky for several terms; and he was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1837 officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Territories, and a member of the Com mittee on Foreign Affairs. In 1838 he was President of the Board of Internal Ini- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. provement ; and in 1842 he was again re turned to the State Legislature, which was the last public position he occupied. He died at Winchester, September 3, 1858. He was a man of ability and of rare virtues. Allen, Elisha H. — Born in New Salem, Massachusetts, January 28, 1804; was bred a lawyer ; served in the Legislature of Maine from 1836 to 1841, and in 1846; in 1838 as Speaker ; and was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from Maine, from 1841 to 1843, serving as » member of the Committee, on Manufactures. In 1847 he removed to Boston, and was elected to the Massachusetts Legislature in 1849; after which he was appointed Consul to Hono lulu, and has since that time been con nected with the Government of the Sand wich Islands. In 1856 he visited the United States as Envoy ; and in 1857 was Chief Justice and Chancellor of the Sandwich Islands, serving until 1864. Allen, Heman. — He was born in 1 776 ; was a resident, if not a native, of Milton, Vermont ; adopted the profession of law, in which he became distinguished ; and was a Representative in Congress from Vermont, from 1833 to 1839, serving as an active member of the Committe on Claims. He subsequently settled in Burlington, Vermont, where he died December 11 , 1844. Allen, Heman. — He was born in 1779, and a resident of Colchester, Vermont ; he graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795, and adopted the profession of law. He was Sheriff of Chittenden County in 1808 and 1809 ; from 1811 to 1814 he was Chief Justice of the Chittenden County Court ; from 1812 to 1817 he was an active mem ber of the State Legislature ; was appointed quartermaster of militia, with the title of brigadier; and was a trustee of the Uni versity of Vermont. He was first elected a, Representative in Congress from Ver mont in 1817, but resigned in 1818 to ac cept from President Monroe the appoint ment of United States Marshal for the District of Vermont. In 1823 he received from the same President the appointment of Minister to Chili, which he resigned in 1828 ; in ] 830 he was appointed President of the United States Branch Bank, at Bur lington, which he held until the expiration of its charter, after which he settled in the town of Highgate, Vermont, where he died of heart disease, April 9, 1852. Allen, James C. — He was born in Shel by County, Kentucky, January 28, 1823 ; received a good common school education, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Indiana in 1843 ; in 1846 was elected, for two years, Prosecuting Attorney in the Seventh Judicial District of Indiana ; and, having removed to Illinois in 1848, was elected a member, in 1850 and 1851, of the State Legislature, and was chosen a Representative in Congress from Illinois, from 1853 to 1855, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress, when his seat was contested unsuccessfully. He was chosen Clerk of the House of Representatives for the Thirty-fifth Congress, and in 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con gress as a Representative, serving on the Committees of Indian Affairs and Un finished Business. Allen, John. — Born in Great Barring- ton, Massachusetts, in 1763; was a law yer by profession, and a member of the State Council of Connecticut for several years ; was a representative from that State during the last Congress which was held in Philadelphia, from 1797 to 1799. He died at Litchfield, Connecticut, July 31, 1812. Allen, John J. — He was born in Vir ginia, was a resident of Harrison County, and was elected a representative in Con gress, from Virginia, from 1833 to 1835, and served as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. He subse quently held the office of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia. Allen, John W. — Born in Litchfield, Connecticut, in 1802 ; settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825, and was a member of the Senate of that State from 1835 to 1837, also Mayor of Cleveland; and was elected a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841, serving as a member of the Commit tee on the Militia and Military Affairs. He was the son of John Allen, of Great Bar- rington, Massachusetts. Allen, Joseph. — He was born in Bos ton ; was a merchant in Leicester, and benefactor of the Academy there ; twice Elector for President ; was a Clerk of the County Court and a State Councillor; and a Representative in Congress, from Mas sachusetts, from 1811 to 1813. He died at Worcester, September 2, 1827, aged seventy-eight years. Allen, Judson. — He was born in Con necticut, and removing to New York was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, and was a member of the Committee on Mileage. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Allen, Nathaniel— He was bom in Dutchess County, New York; served in the Assembly of that State in 1812, and was a representative in Congress, from 1819 to 1821, and a member of the Com mittee on Manufactures. Allen, Philip. — He was bom in Provi dence, Rhode Island, September 1, 1785 ; graduated at Brown University in 1803 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1819, 1820, and 1821 ; devoted much at tention to the business of manufacturing ; was Governor of Rhode Island during the years ] 851 , 1 852, and 1853 ; and was elected a Senator in Congress, from his native State, from March 3, 1853, for six years, serving as a member of the Committees on Commerce and on Naval Affairs. Died in Providence, Rhode Island, December' 16, 1865. Allen, Robert. — Born in Augusta Coun ty, Virginia. He was a colonel in the army under General Jackson ; a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1819 to 1827, serving as a member of the Commit tees on Commerce, the Library, and Revo lutionary Claims. He died at Carthage, Tennessee, August 19, 1864, aged sixty- seven years. Allen, Robert.— Born in Woodstock, Shenandoah County, Virginia, July 30, 1794. He was educated atj Dickinson and Washington colleges, having left the lat ter institution on a furlough of three months, for the purpose of joining a volun teer military force in 1813, but returned and graduated. He studied law, and prac ticed in his native place. He held for a time the office of Prosecutor for the Com monwealth ; served five years in the Senate of Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 1833, serving on the Committee for the District of Columbia. Allen, Samuel C— Born in Franklin County, Massachusetts; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1794 ; was a Representa tive in the Massachusetts Legislature from 1806 to 1810 ; a State Senator from 1812 to 1815, and in 1831 ; and a member of the Executive Council in 1829 and 1830; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1817 to 1829, offi ciating as Chairman of the Committee on Accounts. He died at Norfkfield, Feb ruary 8, 1842, aged seventy years. Allen, William.— He was born in Ohio, adopted the profession of law, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ross County, Ohio, from 1833 to 1835, serving as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs ; was elected a Senator in Congress, from 1837 to 1849, serving as a member of several important committees in the Senate, during his first term. Allen, William. — Born in Butler Coun ty, Ohio, August 13, 1827 ; received a good English education, and taught school for a time; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849 ; in 1850 he was elected a County Prosecuting Attorney, and re elected in 1852 ; and in 1858 was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Accounts. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of Committee on Expenditures in Interior Department. Was a delegate to the Chi cago Convention in 1864. Allen, William J. — He was bom in Tennessee in 1828; removed with his father to Illinois in 1829; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1848; in 1854 he was elected to the Illinois Legislature ; in 1855 was appointed United States At torney for the District of Illinois, which he resigned in 1860, and was then elected Judge of the Circuit Court. In 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty -seventh Congress, for the un expired term of John S. Logan, resigned, and was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee of Claims. Allen, Willis.— He was born in Ten nessee, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Illinois, from 1851 to 1855. Alley, John B.— Born in Lynn, Mas sachusetts, January 7, 1817 ; received a good common school education; was ap prenticed to a shoemaker, and received his freedom when nineteen years of age, after which he devoted himself to trading ; he subsequently entered largely into the shoe and leather business, which he has since followed; he served several years in the City Councils of Lynn ; was a member of the Governor's Council in 1851 ; a member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1852 ; of the State Constitutional Convention held m 1853, and in 1858 was elected a Repre sentative from Massachusetts to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Re elected to the Thirty-seventh and also to the lmrty-eighlh Congress, serving as Chan-man of the Committee on Post Offices BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. and Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving again on the Post Office Committee and as a member of that on the Bankrupt Law. Allison, James. — He was elected a Representative in Congress, from Bea ver County, Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1825. Allison, John. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Allison, Robert. — He was born in Pennsylvauia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1 831 to 1833. Allison, William B. — He was born in the Township of Perry, Wayne County, Ohio, March 2, 1829; spent the most of his boyhood on a farm ; was educated chiefly at Alleghany College, Pennsylva nia, and at the Western Reserve College, Ohio ; studied law, came to the bar in 1851, and practiced the profession in Ohio until 1857, when he settled in Dubuque, Iowa. He was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1860 ; in 1861 he was a member of the Governor's staff, and ren dered essential service in raising troops for the war; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Public Lands and Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ways and Means, Mines and Mining, and Expenses in the Interior Department. Alsop, John. — He was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1776. Alston, Lemuel J. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1807 to 1811. Alston, William J. — He was born in Georgia, and removing to Alabama, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Alston, Willis. — Born in Halifax Coun ty, North Carolina. He appeared in pub lic life as early as 1794, serving in the State Legislature for several years, and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1799 to 1803. April 10, 1837. Died, Alston, Willis, Jr. — Born in North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 1815, and from 1825 to 1831. During the war of 1812 he was Chairman of the Com mittee of Ways and Means. Alvord, C. — He was a native of Mas sachusetts ; received a liberal education ; adopted the profession of law; served one term in each branch of the State Legisla ture; and was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Twenty-sixth Congress, but died before taking his seat, in the latter part of 1839. Ames, Fisher. — He was born in Ded- ham, Massachusetts, April 9, 1756, and died July 4, 1808. He entered Harvard University at the age of twelve years, and graduated with honor ; and, having studied law, commenced the practice of his pro fession, in his native town, in 1781. He was acknowledged to be the most eloquent debater in the House of Representatives, and was the author of the "Address" of that body, to Washington, on his retire ment from the Presidency. He was a prominent member of the Massachusetts Convention for ratifying the Constitution, in 1788, and after retiring from political life, having served in Congress for eight years, from 1789 to 1797, he was elected President of Harvard University, but de clined the honor. He was an industrious writer as well as a great orator ; and his collected writings, with a memoir, were published in 1809. Ames, Oakes. — HewasbominEaston, Bristol County, Massachusetts, January 10, 1804 ; has ever been a manufacturer by profession ; was a member, for two years, of the Executive Council of the State, and in 1862 he was elected a Repre sentative from Massachusetts to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Revolutionary Claims and Manu factures. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad and Manufactures. Ancona, Sydenham B.— He was born in Warwick, Lancaster County, Pennsyl vania, November 20, 1824, and, removing to Berks County, was for several years connected with the Reading Railroad Com pany. He was elected in 1860 a Repre sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thir ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. mittees on the Militia and on Manufac tures. In 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committees on Manufactures and on the Militia. Re-elected to the Thir ty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Military Affairs; and he was one of the Representatives designated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Anderson, Alexander.— He was a Senator in Congress, from the Knoxville District, Tennessee, during the years 1 840 and 184 J, a part of a term, and served as a member of the Committee on the Militia. Anderson, George W. — Born in Jef ferson County, Tennessee, May 22, 1832; received a liberal education ; adopted the profession of law ; settled in Missouri in 1853 ; in 1854 became the editor of the ' ' North East Missourian" newspaper ; was elected in 1858 to the State Legislature, after a previous defeat; in 1862 he was chosen a State Senator, remaining in that capacity until 1865, when he resigned, having previously been elected a Repre sentative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and as Chairman of the Committee on Mileage. Early in 1861 he organized a Home Guard, and was chosen Colonel thereof, and was subsequently commissioned a Colonel of Militia, and had command of the Forty-ninth regiment of his State. Anderson, Hugh J. — Born in 1861, in Maine, and was Clerk of the Waldo Coun ty Courts from 1827 to 1837, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1837 to 1841, and a member of the Com mittee on Naval Affairs. He was a lawyer by profession; Governor of Maine from 1844 to 1847 ; and Commissioner of Cus toms in Washington, from 1853 to 1858. Anderson, Isaac. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1807. Anderson, John. — He was born in Cumberland, Maine; was a graduate of Bowdoin College in 1813 ; studied law and admitted to the bar in 1816 ; a member of the Maine Senate in 1824, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Cum berland County, Maine, from 1825 to 1833, serving as a member of the Committees on Elections and Naval Affairs. He was also Mayor of Portland in 1833 and 1842; United States District Attorney from 1833 to 1837; and Collector of Customs at Portland from 1837 to 1841, and from 1843 to 1848. He died August 21, 1853, aged sixty-one years. Anderson, Joseph. — He was bom near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 5, 1757; enjoyed what was called at the time a good education ; studied law ; was ap pointed an ensign in the New Jersey line in 1775 ; was promoted to an adjutancy ; as a captain fought at the battle of Mon mouth ; he also went, in 1779, with Sulli van against the Six Nations; in 1780 he was at Valley Forge ; in 1781 at the siege of York ; and after the war he retired with the rank of brevet major. He practiced law in Delaware for seven years. In 1791 was appointed by Washington Judge of the territory south of the Ohio River; re mained in that position until the first Con stitution of Tennessee was formed, which he aided in forming in convention ; and he was an influential member of the United States Senate, from Tennessee, from 1797 to 1815, serving at all times upon import ant committees, and acting on two oc casions as President pro tempore of the Senate. He was appointed in 1815 First Comptroller of the Treasury, where he re mained until 1836. He died in Washing ton, April 17, 1837. Anderson, Joseph H. — He was bom in New York, and was elected a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847, and was Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture, and a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Anderson, Josiah M.— He was born in Tennessee, and was elected a Represent ative in Congress, from the Third District in that State, from 1849 to 1852, and was a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Anderson, J. P.— He was born in Ten nessee, and was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fourth Congress from the Territory of Washington. Anderson, Lucien— Was born in Mayfield, Kentucky, in June, 1824; re ceived a good English education; adopted the profession of the law; was a Presi dential Elector in 1852; and served for two terms as a member of the Kentucky Legislature. In 1863 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thir ty-eighth Congress, serving as a member BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. of the Committee on the District of Colum bia. During the month of November, 1863, he was taken prisoner by a party of "Con federates," and retained in custody until just before the meeting of Congress, when he w-as exchanged. He was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864, and a Presidential Elector in 1853. Anderson, Richard C, Jr. — Born in Jefferson County, Kentucky ; was elected a Representative injCongress, from Ken tucky, from 1817 toT:821, and was Chair man of the Committee on Public Lands during the Sixteenth Congress. In 1823 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Colombia, and in 1 826 Envoy Extraordina ry to Panama ; but died November 6, 1826. Anderson, Samuel. — Born in 1774, in Pennsylvania. He served repeatedly in the Legislature of that State ; was Speaker of its House during two sessions ; and elected a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1829, and was a member of the Committee on the Boun dary Line of Missouri. He died in Chester, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1850. Anderson, Simeon H. — Born in Gar rard County, Kentucky, March 2, 1832; studied law and practiced with success ; served frequently in the Kentucky Legis lature; was elected a Representative in Congress from the Fifth Congressional District of Kentucky, from 1839 to 1841, and served as a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. He died at his residence near Lancaster, Kentucky, August 11, 1840, before the expiration of his term of service. He had the reputation of being a remarkably industrious, useful, and amiable man. Anderson, Thos. L. — Born in Greene County, Kentucky, December 8, 1808. He was self-educated, and removed to Mis souri in 1830, where he commenced the practice of law at twenty-one years of age. He was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1840 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1844, 1848, 1852, and 1856 ; and a mem ber of the Convention for remodelling the State Constitution in 1845, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Invalid Pensions. He was re -elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Anderson, William. — Born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1763, and served throughout the Revolutionary War with credit, taking a prominent part at the siege of Yorktown. After the war he returned to Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819. He was afterwards a Judge of Delaware County Court, and a Custom house officer at Chester, in that county, where he died, December 13, 1829. Anderson, William C. — Born in Lan caster, Garrard County, Kentucky, De cember 6, 1 826 ; educated at the College of Danville ; adopted the profession of law ; served in the Kentucky Legislature in 1851 and 1853; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; and in 1859 was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Died at Frankfort, Kentucky, December 23, 1861. Andrews, Charles. — Born in Paris, Maine, in 1814; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1837 ; was Clerk of the County Court of Oxford County ; was a member of the State Legislature from 1839 to 1843, a portion of the time Speaker of the House; and a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1851 to the time of his death, which occurred in Paris Hill, Maine, April 30, 1852. Andrews, George R. — He was bom in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from the Fourteenth Congres sional District in that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Elections. Andrews, John T. — He was born in New York, and was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Expenditures in the State De partment. Andrews, Landaff W. — Born in Flem ing County, Kentucky, February 12, 1803 ; graduated at Transylvania University in 1824 ; and commenced the practice of law in 1826, in which profession he has since been actively engaged. He was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1834, and in 1838 was elected a Representative in Congress, serving from 1839 to 1843, and acted on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and Accounts. He was also a member of the Kentucky Senate. Andrews, Samuel G. — He was born in Derby, New Haven County, Connecti- 10 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. cut, October 16, 1799 ; received an academi cal education, and removed with his father to Rochester, New York, in 1816. He was occupied chiefly in mercantile and manu facturing pursuits ; was for several years Mayor of Rochester ; was a member of the New York Legislature in 1831 and 1832, from Monroe County, New York; Clerk of the Monroe County Court; Secretary of the State Senate of New York for four years ; Clerk of the Court of Dernier Re sort for four years ; and was Postmaster of Rochester. He was elected a Representa tive, from New York, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals. Died in Rochester, New York, in 1863. Andrews, Sherlock J. — Born in Wal- lingford, Connecticut, in 1801; graduated at Union College, settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825, and practiced law; was Judge of the Superior Court of that State, and elected a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committtee on Com- Angel, William G. — He was a native of Newshoreham, Rhode Island ; was elect ed a Representative in Congress, from Bur lington, Otsego County, New York, from 1825 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1833, and was a member of the Committees on Indian Affairs and on Territories. Anthony, Henry B. — He was born in Coventry, Rhode Island, April 1, 1815, of Quaker ancestry; graduated at Brown University in 1833, and in 1838 he assumed the editorial charge of the Providence Jour nal, which he retained until called to a seat in the United States Senate. He was elected Governor of Rhode Island in 1849, re-elected in 1 850, and declined a re-election. He was elected a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island for the term commencing in 1859 and ending in 1865, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Printing ; and he was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1 87 1 , again serving at the head of the Printing Committee and as a mem ber of the Committees on Claims, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He was also a member of the1 National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois; and was. one of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Anthony, Joseph B. — Born in Penn sylvania; was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1838, serving as a member of the Commit tees on Territories and Military Affairs. He died at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1851. Appleton, John. — Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, February 11, 1815; gradu ated at Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1834 ; was admitted to practice law at Portland, Maine, in ] 837. In the winter of 1838-'39 he became editor of a Democratic news paper in that city, (The Eastern Argus, ) and continued to be its editor for the next four or five years, during a part of which time he was also Register of Probate for the County of Cumberland. In 1845 he accepted an invitation from Mr. Bancroft, the Secretary of the Navy, to become Chief Clerk of the Navy Department; subse quently he succeeded Mr. Trist as Chief Clerk of the State Department, which was then presided over by Mr. Buchanan. In 1848 he was appointed, by President Polk, Charge d'Affaires of the United States to Bolivia. On his return from that mission, which he resigned after the election of General Taylor, he resumed the practice of law at Portland, in partnership with Na than Clifford, now one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the United States ; but soon afterwards, in September, 1850, he was elected, from the Portland District, a member of the Thirty-second Congress. In 1855 he joined Mr. Buchanan, at Lon don, as Secretary of Legation, but returned home in time for the Presidential canvass of 1856. In 1857, having been obliged from ill health to decline the position to which he had been invited, of editor of the "Washington Union," he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Assistant Secretary of State. In May, 1860, he was appointed Minister to Russia. He died, in Portland, Maine, August 22, 1864. Appleton, Nathan.— Born at New Ips wich, New Hampshire, October 6, 1779. He entered Dartmouth College in 1794, but left his studies there, after being invited by his brother to join him in the mercantile business in Boston. He became interested in the cotton manufacture, and in 1821 was one of the three original founders of Lowell. He was at different periods a member of the Legislature of Massachusetts, and from 1831 to 1833, and again in 1842, was elected a Representative of that State in Congress, serving on important committees ; but soon resigned his seat, and has since taken no part in public affairs. He published pam phlets and essays on Currency, Banking, and the Tariff. He died in Boston, July BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 11 14, 1861. A memoir of his life was pub lished by Robert C. Winthrop. Appleton, "William. — Born in Brook- field, Massachusetts, November, 1786, and was educated for mercantile pursuits, in which he was engaged extensively and successfully for more than fifty years. He ever took a prominent part in various public enterprises and benevolent objects ; gave much attention to banking and finan cial operations, and was for some years, and until the close of the institution, Presi dent of the Branch Bank of the United States in Boston. In 1850 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, and re-elected in 1852. He was also elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, but died in February, 1862, in Boston. Archer, John. — He was born in Har ford County, Maryland, in 1741, and graduated at Nassau Hall in 1760. He studied divinity, but, on account of a throat affection, turned his attention to medicine, and went through a course of study at the Philadelphia Medical College, having re ceived the first medical diploma ever issued in the New World. At the commencement of the Revolution he had command of a military company ; was a member of the State Legislature; and after the war he practised his profession ; was a Presiden tial Elector in 1797 ; was a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1801 to 1807; and died in 1810. As a medical man he commanded great influence, and several discoveries were made by him, which have been adopted by the profession. Archer, Stephenson. — He was born in Harford County, Maryland ; graduated at Princeton College in 1 805 ; was a Judge of the Court of Appeals ; and elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1817, when he was ap pointed Judge in Mississippi Territory. He was chosen a Representative in Con gress again, from 1819 to 1821, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Af fairs. Archer, William S. — Born in Amelia County, Virginia, March 5, 1789. He came of a Welsh family, a number of whom acquitted themselves with honor in the revo lutionary war. He obtained the rudiments of his education at the best grammar schools of the day; graduated at the College of William and Mary; and studied law. In 1812 he was elected to the State Legislature, where he served, excepting one year, until 1819. In 1820 he was elected a Represent ative in Congress from Virginia, where he remained until 1835, taking an active part in all matters of national importance, and exerting a paramount influence, especially as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and member of the Committee on the Missouri Compromise. In 1841 he was elected to the Uuited States Senate, where he remained until 1847, having, from the start, been placed at the head of the Committee on Foreign Relations in that body. By his public acts, he com manded the respect of the country ; and by the charms of his private character, won the friendship of many of the leading men of his day. On his retirement from public life, he devoted himself to the improvement of his paternal estate ; and died March 28, 1855, of neuralgia, with which he had been afflicted for twenty years. Armstrong, James. — A native of Penn sylvania ; distinguished himself in the In dian wars, and was consulted by the pro prietors of Pennsylvania on all matters connected with Indian affairs. In 1776, Congress promoted him from the rank of Colonel to that of Brigadier General, and he assisted in the defence of Fort Moultrie, and in the battle of Germantown ; in 1777 he resigned his commission in consequence of dissatisfaction as to rank. He was sub sequently elected a Representative to Con gress from Pennsylvania, serving from 1793 to 1795, and sustained a number of other honorable offices. He died at Car lisle, Pennsylvania, March 9, 1795, a few days after the expiration of his term in Congress. Was brother of John. Armstrong, John. — He was born in Carlisle, Penn., November 25, 1755, and served as an officer in the revolutionary war. At the close of the war, in order to obtain redress for the giievances sustained by the officers of the army, he prepared the celebrated "Newburgh Letters." He was a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1778 and 1787, from Pennsylvania, where he was made Secretary of State and Adju tant General of the State ; and to him was intrusted the direction of the last Pennsyl vania war against the Connecticut settlers of Wyoming. Returning to New York, he was sent to the Senate of the United States, serving from 1800 to 1804, when he re signed. On the return of Chancellor Liv ingston from the French embassy, he was commissioned Minister in his place in 1804 ; and was also appointed a Commissioner Plenipotentiary to Spain. Returning to his own country, he was appointed a Brigadier General in 1812 ; in 1813, Secretary of War, 12 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. by President Madison, which position he resigned in consequence of difficulties growing out of the capture of Washington. From that time he lived in retirement upon his estate at Red Hook, but passed a few years in Maryland. He published a brief histoiy of the last war with England. He died at Red Hook, New York, April 1, 1843. Armstrong, William. — He was bom in Lisbum, Antrim County, Ireland, De cember 23, 1782. He came to this country in 1792 ; had a limited education ; studied law in Winchester, Virginia ; devoted him self to mercantile pursuits. In 1813 he was appointed by President Madison Col lector for the Sixth District of Virginia; in 1818 and 1819 he was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates ; in 1822 and 1823, a member of the Board of Public Works; and in 1820 and 1824 he was a Presidential Elector ; for many years a Justice of the Peace ; one year High Sheriff of Hampshire County ; and he was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1825 to 1833. Since that time he has lived in retirement in the pleasant valley of the South Branch of the Potomac. Arnold, Benedict. — He was a member of the Assembly of New York, from Am sterdam, Montgomery County, in 1816 and 1817, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1831. Arnold, Isaac N— Born in Hardwicke, Otsego County, New York, in November, 1815 ; while engaged in acquiring an edu cation he taught school, studied law, and came to the bar in 1835; in 1836 he re moved to Chicago, Illinois ; in 1837 he was First Clerk of the City of Chicago; in 1843 he was elected to the Illinois Legisla ture, and took an active part in the canal improvements ; in 1844 he was a Presiden tial Elector ; was for a time attorney for the Illinois and Michigan Canal; and in 1860 he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as chairman of the Select Com mittee on the Defences and Fortifications of the Great Lakes and Rivers. In 1862 he was elected for another term to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures, and as Chair man of that on Roads and Canals. In May, 1865, he was appointed by President John son Sixth Auditor of the Treasury. Arnold Jonathan.— He was a Dele gate from Rhode Island to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1784. Arnold, Lemuel H. — Born in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, January 29, 1792, and removed to Rhode Island at an early age. He graduated at Dartmouth College, in 1811 ; was educated for the bar, but turned his attention to mercantile pursuits. In 1831, he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, and re-elected in 1832; he was a member of the Governor's Council during the Dorr rebellion in 1842 ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1845 to 1847; and died in Kingston, Rhode Island, June 27, 1852. Arnold, Peleg. — He was a Delegate from Rhode Island to the Continental Con gress in 1787 and 1788. Arnold, Samuel. — He was bom in Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, June 1, 1806 ; received his education at Plainfield Academy, in Connecticut, and Westfield Academy, in Massachusetts ; has devoted the most of his life to agricultural pursuits, and to various interests of com merce ; having also for many years carried on one of the most extensive stone quarries in the Union. He was, also, for a number of years, President of the Bank of East Had dam. He served his native county, in the Legislature, during the years 1839, 1842, 1844, and 1851, and was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, as a Representative from Connecticut, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. Arnold, Samuel G. — Born in Provi dence, Rhode Island, April 12, 1821; graduated at Brown University in 1841 ; having taken a year from the course to travel in Europe and the East ; spent two years in a counting-house in Providence, and again visited Europe ; spent two years at the Harvard Law School, and having graduated, came to the bar in 1845 ; but instead of practising, again visited Europe, and also South America. In 1852 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Rhode Isl and; in 1859 and 1860, he published the History of the State of Rhode Island, a work upon which he had long been en gaged ; in 1861 he was a Delegate to the 1 eace Convention, and again chosen Lieu tenant-Governor of the State ; and on the breaking out of the Rebellion, he took the field, for a few weeks, in command of a bat tery of artillery, as aide-de-camp to Gover nor Sprague. In 1862, he was again elected Lieutenant-Governor of Rhode Island, and was soon afterwards chosen Senator in Congress from Rhode Island, for the unex pired term of J. F. Simmons, resigned, serving on the Committees on Commerce and Claims. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 13 Arnold, Thomas D. — He was elected a Representative in Congress, from Knox County, Tennessee, from 1831 to 1833, and for a second term, from 1841 to 1843, representing Greenville County ; he was a member of the Committees on Elections and Claims. Arlington, Archibald.— He was born in North Carolina, and represented that State in Congress, from 1841 to 1845, after which he retired to private life. He was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. Ash, Michael W. — He was born in . Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Naval Affairs. Ashe, John Baptiste. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1790 to 1793; was elected Gover nor of the State of North Carolina in 1801 ; and died November 27, 1802. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788. Ashe, John B. — He was a son of John Baptiste, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1843 to 1845, representing the Tenth District, and serving as a member of the Committees on Invalid Pensions and Expenditures in the State and Treasury Departments. Ashe, William S. — Bom in Wilming ton, North Carolina, and was the son of John Baptiste ; was a lawyer by profes sion; served in the State Legislature in 1846, and was re-elected in 1848 ; he was a Representative in Congress, from 1849 to 1853, serving on the Committee on Ex penditures in the State Department. Was killed on a railroad near Wilmington, in 1864. Ashley, Chester. — Born at West-field, Massachusetts, June 1, 1790, but was re moved in infancy to Hudson, New York, where he resided until he reached the age of twenty-seven. He then went to Illinois, and after practising law in that State for two years, removed to the Territory of Arkansas, and established himself in Little Rock, then a mere landing. He was chosen a Senator in Congress, from Arkansas, in 1844, and was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee in that body. He served until his death, which occurred in Washington City, April 29, 1848. Ashley, Delos R. — He received a gene ral education and studied law in Monroe, Michigan ; went to California in 1849, where he held the office of District Attor ney in 1851, 1852, and 1853 ; was a mem ber of the California Assembly in 1854 and 1855; a State Senator in 1856 and 1857; and State Treasurer in 1862 and 1863. Early in 1864 he removed to Nevada, aud was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining. Ashley, Henry. — He was born in Cheshire, New Hampshire, and was elect ed a Representative in Congress, from Delaware and Greene counties, New York, from 1825 to 1827. Ashley, James M. — Born in Pennsyl vania, November 14, 1824 ; was self-edu cated ; became an adventurer at the age of fifteen, at one time acting as clerk on the store boats of the Ohio and Mississippi, and then doing service in a printing office. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Ohio in 1849 ; but, instead of prac tising his profession, he went into the busi ness of boat-building, and was connected with the press. He subsequently settled at Toledo, and went into the wholesale drug business, and was elected a Repre sentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and made Chairman of the Committee on Territories, and also re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee of Claims, and as Chairman of the Commit tee on Territories, and under his immediate supervision the Territories of Arizona, Idaho, and Montana were organized. Re elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing again at the head of the Committee on Territories, and as a member of those on Unfinished Business and Mines and Mining. Ashley, William H. — Born in Pow hatan County, Virginia, and emigrated to Missouri, then Upper Louisiana, in 1808, and settled near the Lead Mines. In 1822, he projected the scheme of the " Mountain Expedition," by uniting the Indian trade in the Rocky Mountains with the hunting and trapping business. He enlisted about three hundred hardy men in the business, and, after various successes and reverses, having sustained numerous losses by In dian robbery aud river disasters, he and his associates realized a handsome fortune. 14 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. He was the first Lieutenant Governor of Missouri, after it became a State, and a Representative in Congress, from 1831 to 1837. He died near Boonville, Missouri, March 26, 1838. Ashmore, John D. — Bom in Green ville District, South Carolina, August 7, 1819; served as a merchant's clerk for several years, and then taught school until he became of age ;' studied law, but, in stead of following that profession, turned his attention to agriculture ; when quite young filled various offices in the State Militia ; was a member of the South Caro lina Legislature in 1648, 1850, and 1852; in 1853, he was elected Comptroller Gene ral of the State for two years, and re elected for a second term ; and he was subsequently elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Thirty-sixth Con gress. Withdrew in December, 1860. Ashmun, Eli Pease. — He was a dis tinguished lawyer, and for several years a member of the House of Representatives and Senate of Massachusetts ; and was elected, in 1816, to succeed General Var- num as Senator from that State, in Con gress ; this office he resigned in 1818. He died at Northampton, Massachusetts, May 10, 1819, aged forty-eight. Ashmun, George.— Bom in Brand- ford, Massachusetts, December 25, 1B04; graduated at Yale College in 1823; studied law and settled in Springfield in 1828. He served in the State Legislature during the years 1*33, 1835, 1836, 1838, and 1841, officiating as Speaker of the House in the latter year. He was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1H.31, and was a member of the Committees on the Judi ciary, Indian Affairs, and on Rules. Since that time he has been devoted to the prac tice of his profession. In I860 he was elected President of the Chicago Conven tion, convened to nominate a President and Vice-President, and was subequently appointed a Director of the Union Pacific Railroad. Atchison, David R. — He was born in Frogtown, Fayette County, Kentucky, August Jl, 1807; was educated for the bar ; and removed to Missouri in 1 830. He was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1834 and 1838. In 1H41 he was appointed Judge of the Platte County Circuit Court; and during the year 1843 was appointed a Senator in Congress, to which position he was twice elected, serv ing until 1855, frequently at the head of important committees, and for several ses sions as President pro tempore of the Senate. He was subsequently devoted to agricultural pursuits. Atherton, Charles G. — He was born in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, July 4, 1804 ; graduated at Cambridge in 1822 ; studied law, but engaged in politics when quite young. He was for many years in the Legislature of New Hamp shire, and for three years Speaker of the House. He was a Representative in Con gress from 1837 to 1843 ; a Senator in Con gress from 1843 to 1849 ; and in Novem ber, 1852, he was re-elected a Senator to fill a vacancy, and died of apoplexy in Manchester, New Hampshire, November ' 15, 1853. He was Chairman, in the Senate, of the Committee on Finance. Atherton, Charles H— He was born in Amherst, New Hampshire, August 14, 1773, and graduated at Harvard College in 1794. He held the office of Register of Probate from 1798 to 1807; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1815 to 1817; and stood at the head of the bar in Hills borough County for many years. He died in Amherst, January 8, 1853. Atkins, John D. C— He was born in Henry County, Tennessee, on the 4th of June, 1825; graduated at the University of East Tennessee in 1846 ; was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature in 1849 and 1851 ; was elected to the State Senate in 1 855 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, in 1857, and was a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Atkinson, Archibald.— Bora in Isle of Wight County, Virginia, September 13, 1792. He left school at the age of eighteen, and entered the office of the Clerk of the County Court, and performed the duties of copyist, devoting his leisure time to the study of law, which he completed at the Law School of William and Mary College. In 1813 he joined the troops at Norfolk, as ensign of a volunteer company, which was attached to the 29th Regiment, and was at battle of Craney Island. Upon leaving the army he commenced the practice of law m Smithfield, and was a member of the General Assembly from 1815 to 1817, and also of the House of Delegates and State Senate for several years. In 1643 he was elected a Representative in Con gress, from Virginia, and served until 1048, and was a member of the Commit- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 15 tees on Naval Affairs and Commerce. He was Prosecuting Attorney for his county twenty years, Mayor of Smithfield, and a magistrate. Atlee, Samuel. — Was a Delegate, from Pennsylvania, to the Continental Congress, from 1778 to 1782. Austin, Archibald. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 1819. Averett, Thomas H. — He was born in Virginia ; was a resident of Halifax County, and elected a Representative in Congress, from the Third District in that State, from 1849 to 1853, and was a mem ber of the Committees on Invalid Peusions, and on Revisal, and Unfinished Business. Avery, DanieL — He was elected a Rep resentative in Congress, from Hamilton County, New York, from 1811 to 1815, and from Cayuga County, from 1816 to 1817. Avery, William T. — Bom in Maury County, Tennessee, November 11, 1819, and was very early in life thrown upon his own resources for education and support ; he is a lawyer by profession ; and was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee in 1843. He held several creditable posi tions in his native State, and was chosen a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving as a member of the Com mittees on Expenditures in the State De partment, and on Private Land Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Aycrigg, John B. — He was born in New York, and was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1837 to J839, and again from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Department, and the Joint Committee on the Library, and on Invalid Pensions. # In 1844 he was also a Presidential Elector ; and he was a candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth Congress, and although he came with the " Broad Seal" of New Jersey, he was not admitted. Babbitt, Elijah. — Born in Providence. Rhode Island, in 1796; received a com mon school and academic education, in the States of New York and Pennsylvania; studied .law in the latter State, and was admitted to the bar in 1824 ; -was Prose cuting Attorney for the State in 1833 ; served in the State Legislature in 1836 and 1837 ; was a State Senator in 1844 and 1845 ; and was elected a Representa tive, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Babcock, Alfred. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress,, from New York, from 1841 to 1843, serving on the Commit tee on Revolutionary Pensions. Babcock, Leander. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Babcock William. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833, serving on the,Commit- tee on Public Accounts. Bacon, Ezekiel. — He was born in Stockcridge, Massachusetts, in 1776; gra duated at Yale College in 1804 ; the son of John Bacon ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1805 and 1806 ; Chief Jus tice of the Court of Common Pleas for the Western District of Massachusetts, in 1813 ; First Comptroller of the United States Treasury from 1813 to 1815; and a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1807 to 1813. Bacon, John. — He was born in Canter bury, Connecticut, in 1737 ; graduated at the College of New Jersey in 1765; studied theology, and, after preaching for a. time in Maryland, removed to Massachusetts, and settled in Boston. Owing to some difficulties with his congregation, he relin quished the ministry, and subsequently held the positions of magistrate, Repre sentative in the State Legislature, Presid ing Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, a member and President of the State Senate, and that of Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1801 to 1803. He died in Berkshire County, Octo ber 25, 1820. Badger, George E. — Born in the town of Newbern, North Carolina, in 1795. He graduated at Yale College in 1813; studied and practiced law ; and was elected to the Legislature in 1816. In 1820 he was elected a Judge of the S;upreme Court, which he resigned in 1825; he was ap pointed Secretary of the Navy by Presi dent Harrison in 1841 ; and was elected a Senator in Congress in 1846, and re-elected 16 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. in 1849 for a term of six years, serving on the Committees on Military and Naval Affairs. He was subsequently wholly de voted to the practice of his profession, visiting Washington occasionally to argue cases in the Supreme Court of the United States. Died at Raleigh, North Carolina, May 11, 1866. Badger, Luther.— Born in Partridge- field, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, April 10, 1785, but his father removed to Broome County, New York, in 1786. Having made sufficient acquaintance in the common branches of an English edu cation, he entered Hamilton College at the age of nineteen, and spent two years there. In 1807 he commenced the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1812, and continued to practice his pro fession until 1824, when he was elected a Representative to the Nineteenth Congress. He had been engaged in military services in his State, and in 1819 was appointed, by Governor Clinton, Judge Advocate for the 27th Brigade of Infantry of New York State, which office he held for eight years. In 1832 he resumed the practice of law, and in 1840 was appointed Examiner in Chancery and Commissioner of United States Loans, which office he held for three years. From 1846 to 1849 he was United States District Attorney for New York. Baer, George.— He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maryland, from 1797 to 1801, and again from 1815 to 1817. Bagby, Arthur P.— He was born in Virginia, in 1794 ; was liberally educated ; adopted the profession of law, and settled in Alabama in 1818; was elected a mem ber of the Legislature in 1820 and 1822, and was Speaker of the House ; was Gov ernor of Alabama from 1837 to 1843 ; and a Senator in Congress, from that State from 1842 to 1849. His last public posi tion was that of Minister to Russia, to which he was appointed in 1848. He died of yellow fever, at Mobile, September 21 1858. Bailey, David J.— He was born in Georgia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Bailey, Goldsmith P.— Born in West moreland, New Hampshire, July 17, lr-23; finished his schooling at the age of six teen ; became a printer and edited a coun try paper; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1848 ; in 1856 he was elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts ; in 1858 and I860 to the Senate of the State; and was elected a Representative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress. His health was impaired when he took his seat in Congress, and he died at Fitchburg, Massachusetts, May 8, 1862. Bailey, Jeremiah. — He was born at Little Compton, Rhode Island ; graduated at Brown University, and studied law. He was a member of the Maine Legisla ture from 1811 to 1814; a Judge of Pro bate from 1814 to 1835 ; and a Representa tive in Congress, from Lincoln County, Maine, from 1835 to 1837, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Expendi tures in the Post Office Department. He was also Collector of Customs at Wiscas- set, from 1849 to 1853 ; and died in July of that year. Bailey, John. — He was born in Nor folk County, Massachusetts ; was a mem ber of the Massachusetts Legislature from 1815 to 1818 ; a clerk in the Department of State for a year; a State -Senator in 1831 and 1834; and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1823 to 1831, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures and Expenditures in the State Department; and died at Dor chester, Massachusetts, June 26, 1835. Bailey, Theodoras.— He was bom in 1752; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1793 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1803 ; and a Senator in Congress, from 1803 to 1804, when he re signed, and was appointed Postmaster of New York City. He died September 6, 1828. * Baily, Joseph.— He was born on the Brandywine battle-ground, Chester Coun ty, Pennsylvania, March 18, 1810: re ceived a limited education through his own exertions, on account of the moderate cir cumstances of his father, and was early apprenticed to a mechanical branch of business, which Vas his first step to emi nent success. From 1839 to 1845 he repre sented his native county in both branches of the Legislature, and from 1850 to 1854 represented Perry County, in the State senate. In 1854 he was Treasurer of the btate of Pennsylvania, and in 1860 was elected a Representative from Pennsylva nia to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and 1 tin ting. He was also re-elected to the thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same Committees ; and he was one of the BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 17 twelve Democrats in Congress who voted for the Constitutional Amendment abolish ing slavery. Baker, Caleb. — He was bom in Provi dence, Rhode Island ; served four years in the New York Assembly ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Baker, David J. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Illinois, from 1830 to 1831. t Baker, Edward D. — Was bom in Eng land, brought to this country when a child, and was early left an orphan in Philadel phia. His father was a weaver, and when a boy he worked at that business himself. He obtained an education under many dif ficulties ; first studied for the ministry, but soon turned his attention to the law, be coming famous as an advocate in Illinois, to which State he emigrated in his nine teenth year. After serving in the Illinois Legislature for two years, he resigned ; and, in 1846, went to Mexico as a colonel of volunteers, acquitting himself with credit at Cerro Gordo. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1849 to 1851 ; after which, he took an ac tive part in the building of the Panama Railroad ; in 1852 he settled in San Fran cisco, devoting himself to his profession ; he subsequently removed to Oregon, which State he represented as a Senator in Con gress, taking his seat in March, 1861. At the outbreak of the Rebellion, in 1861, he raised a body of men in Philadelphia, called the California Regiment, and while gal lantly leading them in battle at Leesburg, Virginia, against a superior force, he was shot from his horse and killed, October 21, 1861. Baker, Ezra. — He was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1815 to 1817. Baker, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 181 1 to 1813. He was a lawyer, and died in Shepherdstown, Virginia, August 18, 1823. Baker, Jehu. — He was bom in Fayette County, Kentucky, November 4, 1822; received a good education, studied law and adopted it as a profession, and was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims and as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department, and on the Special Committee on the Civil Service. 2 Baker, Osmyn. — He was born in Am herst, Massachusetts, May 18, 1800; gradu ated at Yale College in 1822; adopted the professfon of law ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from his native State, from 1839 to 1845. He was also a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1833 and 1834 ; State Councillor in 1853 and 1854. Baker, Stephen. — He was born in the city of New York, August 12, 1819 ; at an early age engaged in mercantile pursuits, from which he retired, in 18-19, to a country seat in Duchess County, New York ; and was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Roads and Ca nals and on Patents. Baldwin, Abraham.— Was a native of Connecticut, and a graduate of Yale College in 1772, and from 1775 to 1779 he was a tutor in that institution. • Having studied law, he settled in Savannah, Geor gia, and soon after his arrival there he was chosen a member of the Legislature. He originated the plan of the University of Georgia, drew up the charter, and persuaded the Assembly to adopt it, and was for some time its President. He was a member of the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1788, and a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, which be duly signed. From 1789 to J 799 he was a Representative in Con gress from Georgia, and from 1799 to 1807 he was a member of the United States Senate, part of the time President pro tern. of the Senate. He died March 4, 1807, aged fifty-three years. Baldwin, Augustus C. — Was born in Salina, New York, December 24, 1817 ; re ceived a common school education, and having lost his father when young, became dependent upon his own efforts tor support ; in 1837 he emigrated to Michigan and set tled in Oakland County; studied law, and at the same time taught school, and came to the bar in 1842. In 1844 and 1846 he was elected to the Legislature of Michigan ; in 1853 and 1854 was Prosecuting Attorney for his adopted county ; was a Delegate to the Charleston and Baltimore Conventions of 1860; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Michigan, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Expendi tures in the Interior Department. Was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1864. 18 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Baldwin, Henry. — He was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1779; gradu ated at Yale College in 1797 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1817 to 1822, when he resigned. He was a distinguished lawyer, and was for many years Associate Judge of the Su preme Court of the United States. He died in Philadelphia, April 21, 1844. Baldwin, John. — He was born in Windham, Connecticut ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 1829, serving on one standing and one select committee. Baldwin, John D. — Was born in North Stonington, Connecticut, September 28, 1810 ; graduated at Yale College, receiving the degree of A. M. ; read law, but never practiced ; went through a course of theo logical studies, devoted himself to literary pursuits, and published a volume entitled "Raymond Hill and other Poems." In 1842 he became associated with the press, first in Hartford, and then in Boston, and was editor of the Daily Commonwealth, a writer for the Advertiser, and subsequently became the proprietor of the Worcester Spy. He was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1860, and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Massachu setts, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committees of Expenditures, on Public Buildings, and on Printing ; re elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on the District of Columbia and Expenditures on the Public Buildings. He has for many years been particularly devoted to the study of ancient history, and is the author of a work on that subject, not yet published. Baldwin, Roger Sherman.— Born at New Haven, Connecticut, January 4, 1793 ; graduated at Yale College in 1811 ; studied law at Litchfield Law School; was admit ted to the bar in 1814, and established him self in practice at New Haven, where he continued to reside. In 1837 he was elect ed to the State Senate; re-elected in 1SSJ8, and chosen President pro tern, of that body, and was a Trustee of Yale College in 1838 and 1039. In 1840 and 1841 he was a Representative in the General Assembly, and in the latter year was associated with J. Q. Adams in the argument before the Supreme Court of the United States, in the case of the Africans of the Amistad. In 1844 and 1845 he was Governor of the State, and in 1847 was appointed and in 1048 elected to the United States Senate by the Legislature of Connecticut, serving until 1851. He subsequently engaged in his professional duties. He was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861, and also a Presidential Elector in that year, and died in New Haven, February 10, 1863. Baldwin, Simeon. — Bom at Norwich, Connecticut, December 14, 1761 ; gradu ated at Yale College in 1781. In 1783 he was appointed tutor at the College, and continued in that station until 1786, when he was admitted to the bar in New Haven, and commenced the practice'of law. From 1790 to 18U3 he was Clerk of the District and Circuit Courts of the United States; was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1803 to 1805, and de clined a re-election. In 1806 he was ap pointed, by the Legislature, Associate Judge of the Superior Court and of the Supreme Court of Errors, and held the office until 1817. In lo22 was chosen by the General Assembly one of the Commis sioners to locate the Farmington Canal, and was made President of that Board. In 1826 was elected Mayor of New Haven. In 1830 he resigned his office as Commis sioner. He died in New Haven, May 26, 1851. J Ball, Edward. — He was bom in Vir ginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1853 to 1855, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Con gress. He was subsequently elected Ser- geant-at-Arms in the House of Representa tives. B^U, "William Lee.— Born in Lancas ter County, Virginia, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1824. Died in Washington, Feb ruary 28, 1824, aged forty-five years. Banister, John.— He was a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress, from 177S to 1779, and signed the Articles of Confederation. Banks, John.— Was born in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, in 1793; was brought up on his father's farm, but receiv ed a classical education ; studied law, and came to the bar in If] 9, and settled in the western part of the State ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1836, when he resigned to accept the appointment of President Jud^e of the Third Judicial District of the State; in 1041 was the Whig candidate for Gov ernor, but failed to be elected ; and in 1847 he resigned the Judgeship and became the btate treasurer. He was subsequently BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 19 engaged in the practice of his profession, and died at Reading, on the 3d of April, 1864. Banks, Linn. — Born in Virginia, and was for twenty successive years Speaker of the House of Delegates of that State, and a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1838 to 1842, and was a member of the Committee on Claims. He was found drowned in a stream in Madison County, Virginia, February 24, 1842. Banks, Nathaniel P. — Born in Wal- tham, Massachusetts, January 30, 1816, of poor but respectable parents, operatives in a factory. He had no advantages but those afforded by the common school, but be became a lover of books at an early day, and that love has been a source of gratifi cation to him all his life. His first venture before the public was in the capacity of newspaper editor in his native town, and he followed the same pursuit at Lowell. He studied law, but did not practice to any great extent, and in 1848 he was elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts, serving in both houses, and officiating for a time as Speaker. He was chosen President of the Convention held in 1853, for revising the Constitution of Massachusetts, and was soon afterwards elected a Representa tive in Congress, serving from 1853 to 1857, when he was elected Governor of Massa chusetts, by a majority of 24,000. During his second term in Congress, he was elected Speaker of the House, and it is said that not one of his decisions was ever overruled by the House. He was elected Governor of Massachusetts for a second term, in 1858, and for a third terrain 1859. During the Rebellion of 1861 -'64, he served in the Union army as a Major General of Volun teers, and saw much service in the field ; and in 1865 he was elected a Representa tive, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, in the place of D. W. Gooch, resigned, serving on the Commit tees on the Death of President Lincoln and Rules, and as Chairman of the Com mittee on Foreign Affairs. He was also one of the Representatives designated to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Barber, Levi. — He was born in Litch field County, Connecticut, and was a Re presentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1821 to 1823. Barber, Noyes. — He was born in Gro- ton, Connecticut, April 28, 1781 ; was in early life a merchant, but a lawyer by pro fession ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from his native State, from 1821 to 1835. He died at Groton, January 3, 1845. He was a man of ability, and while in. Congress accomplished much good for his native State, where he was universally re spected as a man and a statesman. Barbour, James. — A native of Virginia ; was Speaker of the House of Delegates, and Governor of that State ; and a Senator in Congress, from 1815 to 1825, officiating as President pro tern, of the Senate, as Chairman of the Committees on Foreign Relations and the District of Columbia, and serving on other important committees. He was appointed Secretary of War in 1825, and Minister to England in 1828. He died in Orange County, Virginia, June 8, 1S42, aged sixty-six years. Barbour, John S. — Bom in Culpeper County, Virginia, in 1810, and died in Culpeper County, Virginia, January 12, 1855. He was in early life a member of the State Legislature; was from 1823 to 1833 a member of Congress from Virginia ; again in the State Legislature in 1833-34 ; and member of the Constitutional Conven tion in 1829-30. He was a gentleman of much ability, and exercised considerable influence in the public affairs of his State. Barbour, Lucieu. — He was born in Canton, Connecticut, March 4, 1811 ; grad uated at Amherst College in 1837, having, while receiving his own education, been a teacher himself; he removed to Indiana, studied law, and settled in the practice at Indianapolis. He was appointed, by Presi dent Polk, United States District Attorney ; acted a number of times as arbitrator be tween the State of Indiana and private corporations ; in 1852 was appointed a Commissioner to prepare a code of prac tice for the State; and was a Representa tive, from Indiana, in the Thirty-fourth Congress; since which time he has been devoted to his profession. Barbour, Philip P. — Born in 1779; was educated for the law, in the practice of which he was successful; he was a mem ber of Congress, from Virginia, from 1814 to 1825 ; Speaker of the House of Repre sentatives in 1821 ; in 1825 he was ap pointed Judge of the Eastern District of Virginia; was again in Congress from 1827 to 1830, officiating as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee ; and in 1836 was ap pointed by President Jackson an Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. He died in Washington City of ossification of the heart, February 25, 1841. 20 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Barclay, David. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative . in Congress, from his native State, from 1855 to 1857. Bard, David. — He was a graduate of Princeton College in 1773, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1795 to 1799, and again from 1803 to 1815. Died in Virginia in 1815. Barker, Abraham A. — Born in Lovell, Oxford County, Maine, March 30, 1816; received a common school education, and engaged in agricultural pursuits ; was early a strenuous advocate of temperance and anti-slavery ; removed to Pennsylvania in 1854, and devoted himself to the lumber and mercantile business ; was a Delegate to the Chicago Covention of I860, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Claims. Barker, David. — He was a lawyer by profession, and was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1827 to 1829, and died in Rochester, New Hamp shire, April 1, 1834, aged thirty-seven years. Barker, Joseph. — He commenced his classical studies at Harvard University, and graduated at Yale College in 1771 ; was an ordained Preacher of the Gospel ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1805 to 1809. He died in 1815, aged sixty-four years. Barksdale, William. — Born in Ruther ford County, Tennessee, August 21, 1821, and pursued a partial course of studies at the Nashville University. He was a lawyer by profession ; held a commission in "the staff of the 2d Mississippi Regiment, in the Mexican war, in 1847 ; was a member of the Mississippi Convention called in 1851 to discuss the Compromise measures of 1850 ; and was elected Representative, from Mississippi, in the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty- sixth Congresses ; serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Joined the Great Rebellion in 1K61, and was killed at the battle of Gettysburg in 1863. Barlow, Stephen. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1829, and was a member of the Committee on Agriculture. Barnard, Daniel Dewey. — He was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, in 1797; graduated at Williams College in 1818 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar, in New York, in 1821 ; in 1826 was elected District Attorney for the Coun ty of Monroe, New York ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1839 to 1845, serving as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. In 1850 he was appointed Minister to Prussia. He devoted much attention to literary pursuits, and the de gree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by the colleges of Geneva and New York. * Died at Albany, April 24, 1861. Barnard, Isaac D. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1831, and died at West Chester, Penn sylvania, February, 1834. Barnett, William. — He was elected a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1812 to 1815, when he was appointed one of the Commissioners to run the Creek boundary line. Barney, John. — He was a son of Com modore Joshua Barney, and a member of Congress, from Maryland, from 1825 to 1827. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, January 26, 1857, aged seventy- two years. He was known in Washington society for many years as an agreeable gentleman ; and he left behind him an un finished record of " Personal Recollections of Men and Things," both in this country and Europe. Barnitz, Charles A. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1833 to 1835, and died at York, in that State, in March, 1850. Barnwell, Robert. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, 1791 to 1793. Barnwell, R. W. — He was born in South Carolina; graduated at Harvard University in 1821 ; studied law, and was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1829 to 1833 ; was Presi dent of the South Carolina College from 1835 to 1843, and was a Senator in Con gress, in 1850, by appointment, to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Franklin H. Elmore. In December, I860, he was appointed one of the Commissioners to visit Washington in behalf of South Caro lina, and served as a member of the "Con federate" Congress. Barr, Thomas J.— Born in New York City in 1812 ; commenced life by devoting BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 21 himself to a variety of pursuits ; from 1 835 to 1842 he held the position of a landlord in New Jersey; in 1849 and 1850 he was an Assistant Alderman in the City Councils of New York; in 1853 he was elected a member of the State Senate ; and he was elected a Representative in Congress, from New York, taking his seat during the second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenses in the State Department. Barrere, Nelson. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1851 to 1853. Barrett, J. Richard. — Bom in Ken tucky, and removing to Missouri, was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Lands. Barringer, Daniel L. — Bom in Meck lenburg County, North Carolina, October 1, 1788; had a good classical education; studied law, and practiced with success in Wake County ; served in the Legislature of North Carolina in 1813, and again from 1819 to 1822 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1826 to 1835. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1844. He subsequently removed to Tennessee, and was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives of that State. He died October 16, 1852. Barringer, Daniel Moreau. — Was born in Cabarras County, North Carolina, and graduated at the University of North Carolina in, 1826; he selected the law as a profession, having commenced to practice in 1829. In that year he was elected a member of the State Legislature, in which position he continued for a number of years. In 1835 he was a member of a convention to amend the State Constitution. He was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from.,1843 to J849, when he was appointed by President Taylor Minister to Spain, and continued in that mission by President Fillmore. On resigning his position as Minister, after serving four years, he travelled extensively in Europe, and, on his return home, was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1855, having de clined a re-election, retired to private life, devoting himself to literary studies and pursuits. He was also elected a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Barrow, Alexander. — Bom in Nash ville, Tennessee, in 1801, where, after completing his education, he was admitted to the bar; he soon after removed to Louisiana, gave up the practice of law, and turned his attention to planting. He served a number of years in the Legislature of Louisiana, aud was a Senator in Con gress, from Louisiana, from 1841 to 1846. Died December 29, 1846. Barrow, Washington. — He was a native of Tennessee ; a lawyer by education and profession ; in 1841 was appointed ' American Charg6 d' Affaires to Portugal, and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1847 to 1849, serving on the Committee for the District of Co lumbia. Barry, William S. — He was bom in Mississippi, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Barry, William T. — He was born in Fairfax County, Virginia, March 18, 1780; and was a Senator in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1814 to4816, having previously served in the State Legislature as Speaker, and during the years 1810 and 1811, been a Representative in Congress from the same State. He was also a member of President Jackson's cabinet, as Postmaster General, (the first, as such, admitted to that honor, ) and at the time of his death, which occurred in Liverpool, England, August 30, 1 835, he was Minister Pleni potentiary of the United States to Spain. Barstow, Gamaliel H.— He served three years in the Assembly of New York, four years in the State Senate, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1831 to 1833. Barstow, Gideon. — A native of Massa chusetts ; was a member of both branches of the Legislature of that State* and a Representative in Congress, from 1821 to 1823. He died in St. Augustine, Florida, where he had gone for his health, March 26, 1852, aged sixty-nine years. Bartlett, Bailey.— He was Sheriff of Essex County, Massachusetts, for many years, and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1797 to 1801. Bartlett, Ichabod. — He was born in Salisbury, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, in 1786 ; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1808; studied law, and settled in Portsmouth, where he was emi nently successful in his profession, and was a Representative in Congress, from New 22 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Hampshire, from 1823 to 1829, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was also frequently in the State Legislature, and a member of the Convention to revise the State Constitution. He died in Ports mouth October 19, 1853. Bartlett, Josiah.— Bora in New Hamp shire in 1768, and died at Stratham, in that State, April 14, 1838. He was a physician of extensive practice, and a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1811 to 1813; also a Presidential Elector in 1792, 1825. His father, bearing the same name, was a man of note, aud the first Governor of New Hampshire after the adoption of the Federal Constitution; Bartlett, Josiah. — Born in Amesbury, Massachusetts, in November, 1729, and died May 19, 1795. He was educated for the medical profession ; held commissions, both military and civil, under the royal govern ment; accompanied Stark to Bennington as medical agent; was a Delegate from New Hampshire to the1 Continental Con gress from 1775 to 1779, and signed the articles of confederation ; was appointed in the latter year Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, Justice of the Superior Court in 1784, and Chief Justice in 1788. In 1790 he was appointed President of New Hampshire, and elected by the people in 1791 and 1792. In 1793 he was elected Governor of New Hampshire under the Constitution, serving two years ; and he was the president of a medical society established by his efforts in 1791. Bartlett, Thomas, Jr. — He was bom in Vermont ; adopted the profession of law ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. He served three years in the State Legislature, both houses ; was County Attorney in 1839 and 1841 ; arid President of the State Constitu tional Convention of 1850. Bartley, Mordecai. — He was bom in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1831, and Governor of Ohio from 1844 to 1846. Barton, David. — He was one of the first emigrants to the Territory of Missouri ; President of the Convention which met to form a State Constitution in 1820; was a Senator in Congress, from Missouri, from 1821 to 1831, and a man of distinguished talents. Died near Boonville, Missouri, September 28, 1837. Barton, Richard W. — He was bom in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. He also served in the State Legis lature, and was the first President of the Valley Agricultural Society. Died in Frederick County, Virginia, March 15, 1859. Barton, Samuel. — He was born in New York, served three years in the As sembly of that State, and was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1835 to 1837. Basset, Richard. — He was a member from Delaware of the Convention which formed the Constitution, and signed that instrument ; was a Presidential Elector in 1797, and a Senator in Congress from 1789 to 1793. He was also a Justice of the Federal Supreme Court, Governor of Dela ware from 1798 to 1801, and died in Sep tember, 1815. Bassett, BurweU. — He was bom in New Kent County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1805 to 1813, from 1815 to 1819, and from 1821 to 1831. Bateman, Ephraim. — He was bom in Cumberland, New Jersey ; was well edu cated, and adopted the profession of medi cine ; was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1 826 to 1 829, and was a mem ber of the Committees on Agriculture and Enrolled Bills ; having previously been a Representative in Congress, from 1815 to 1823, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Accounts. He was elected to the Senate by his own vote in joint meeting of the legislature, and a committee of the Senate reported that his election was entirely legal. Died January 21, 1829. Bates, Edward. — Was born September 4, 1793, at Belmont, Goochland County, Virginia. His education was commenced by his father, and succeeded by several years of academic instruction, mostly at Charlotte Hall, Maryland, and finished by an accomplished private tutor. In early youth he declined a midshipman's warrant, and served in 1813, at Norfolk, in the Vir ginia Militia, from February to October. In 1814 he migrated to St. Louis, there studied law, and began to practice in 1816. In 1818 he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for that Circuit; in 1820 was a delegate to the State Constitutional Con vention, and was the same year appointed Attorney General of the new State of Mis souri. He resigned that office in 1 822, and BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 23 was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature. In 1824 he was ap pointed by President Monroe United States Attorney for the Missouri District ; in 1826 resigned, and was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from Missouri, serv ing from 1827 to 1829. In 1830 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1834 again to the lower house of the Legislature. In 1835, being enfeebled by sedentary labor, he moved to the country, and prac ticed law for seven years, travelling much on horseback around the prairies. In 1842 he returned to St. Louis, and in 1850 he was appointed by President Fillmore Sec retary of War, but declined the office. In 1853 was elected Judge of the St. Louis Land Court, whieh office he resigned in 1856. During that year he presided at the Whig Convention of Baltimore, aud in 1858 received from Harvard University the degree of LL.D. In 1861 he was ap pointed Attorney General in President Lincoln's Cabinet. Bates, Isaac C. — Born at Granville, Massachusetts, in 1780, and graduated at Yale College in 1802. He studied law and attained a high position as an advo cate. He was frequently in the State Legislature and a member of the Executive Council; was a Representative in Con gress from 1827 to 1833, and a Senator in Congress from 1841 to 1845, and was Chair man of the Committee on Pensions. In 1837 and 1841 he was also a Presidential Elector. He died in Washington City, March 16, 1845. Bates, James. — He was bred a physi cian ; for some years connected with the Insane Hospital at Augusta ; and. was a Representative in Congress, from Somerset County, Maine, from 1831 to 1833, and a member of the Committee on Expenditures. in the Post Office Department. Bates, James W. — He was born in Goochland County, Virginia, and was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Arkansas, from 1820 to 1823. Bates, Martin W. — He was born. in Salisbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, February 24, 1787 ; he received a good English education, and became a lawyer by profession, having first studied medi cine. He removed to Delaware, and was several times elected to the Legislature of that State ; and in 1850 was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Delaware. He took his seat in the Thirty-fifth Congress, as a Senator from Delaware, serving from 1857 to 1859, serv ing on the Committees on Pensions and Revolutionary Pensions. Baxter, Portus. — Was born in Brown- ington, Orleans County, Vermont ; re ceived a liberal education, adopted the occupation of a merchant, and was elected a Representative from Vermont to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and served on the same Committee, and also on that of Expenditures in the Navy Department. In 1852 and 1856 he was a Presidential Elector. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections and Agriculture. Bay, William V. N. — He was born in New York, and, having become a citizen of Missouri, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1849 to 1 851, from that State. Bayard, James A. — He was born in Pennsylvania in 1767, and graduated at Princeton College. After studying law at Philadelphia, he commenced the practice in Delaware. In 1796 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Dela ware, serving from 1797 to 1801, when he was appointed Minister to France. In 1804 he was elected to the United States Senate, of which body he continued a member till he was appointed by President Madison, in 1813, a Commissioner to ne gotiate a peace with Great Britain. The absence of the Emperor from St. Peters burg preventing the transaction of any business, he proceeded to Holland. He lent his able assistance in the negotia tion of the treaty of peace at Ghent. At Paris he was apprised of his appointment as Envoy to the Court of St. Petersburg ; this he declined. He tendered, however, his co-operation in forming a commercial treaty with Great Britain ; but an alarming illness compelled him to return to the United States. He arrived in June, and died August 6, 1815. Bayard, James A. — He was a native of Delaware, a graduate of Princeton College, and a Senator in Congress, from Delaware, from 1851 to 1864, and was Chairman of the Committee on the Judi ciary, and a member of the Committees on the Library and on Public Grounds. In 1863 he was re-elected for his third term, but resigned in January, 1864. He was the son of the Senator bearing the same name, and a brother of Richard H, Bayard. 24 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Bayard, John. — He was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Con gress from 1785 to 1787. Bayard, Richard H. — He was born in Delaware, graduated at Princeton College in 1814, and was a Senator in Congress, from Delaware, from 1836 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1845. He was subse quently appointed Charge1 d'Affaires, in 1850, to Belgium. Baylies, Francis. — Bora in Bristol County, Massachusetts, in 1784; was Register of- Probate in Bristol County, Massachusetts, from 1812 to 1820 ; a mem ber of the State Legislature from 1827 to 1832, and also in 1835 ; was a Representa tive in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1821 to 1827, and in 1832 was ap pointed Charge d'Affaires to Buenos Ayres, and died October 28, 1352. He was the author of "A History of the Plymouth Colony." Baylies, William. — He graduated at Harvard College in 1760; was a member of the Provincial Congress in 1775; often a member of the Massachusetts State Council; served many years in the State Legislature; was a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1805 to 1809, when his seat was successfully contested by Charles Turner. He died at Dighton, Massachusetts, June 17, 1826, aged eighty- two years. Baylies, William.— He was bom in Dighton, Massachusetts, September 15, 1776; graduated at Brown University in 1795, studied law and came to the bar in 17lJ9. He held a number of local offices, served in the State Legislature in 1830 and 1831, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1817, and again from 1833 to 1835, serv ing on important Committees. Died in Taunton, Massachusetts, September 27, 1865. His father", bearing the same name, was also in Congress. Bayley, Thomas.— He was born in Somerset County, Maryland; graduated at Princeton College in 1794, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1823. Baylor, R. E. B. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1829 to 1831. Bayly, Thomas Henry. — Born in Ae- comac County, Virginia, in 1810; grad uated at the University of Virginia, and came to the bar in 1830. At the age of twenty-six he was chosen a member of the General Assembly of Virginia, and was re-elected for five years in succession. While a member of the Legislature, he was elected by that body a Brigadier Gen eral of the militia of Eastern Virginia. He resigned his seat, and was elected Judge of the Circuit Superior Court of Law. In 1844 he resigned his seat on the bench, and was elected to the House of Representatives from the Accomac Dis trict, and continued, by successive elec tions, a member of the House for twelve years, until the time of his death ; during the Thirty-first Congress officiating as Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means. He lived and died on the same ! spot where his ancestors from England landed in 1666, and where they established the family home. He commanded the same brigade which his grandfather had commanded, and he held the same seat in the General Assembly of his State and in the House of Representatives which his father had occupied before him. He died June 22, 1856, aged forty-five years. Bayley, Thomas M.— Born in Vir ginia in 1775 ; entered public life in 1798, and continued therein until 1830; served in both branches of the State Legislature, and was a member of the State Constitu tional Convention of 1830; having been a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1813 to 1815. It was said of him that he never lost an election. Died in Accomac County in 1834. Beale, Charles L.— Bom in Canaan, Columbia County, New York, March 5, 1824; was prepared for college by a pri vate tutor, and graduated at Union College in 1844; studied law at Kindeihook, and was admitted to the bar in 1849; was for several years a member of the Republican State Central Committee of New York; and in 1858 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-sixth Congress from New lork, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds. In 1864 he was a Presidential Elector. Beale, James M. H.— He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837 and for two other terms, from 1849 to 1853. Beale, R. L. T.— Born at Hickory Hill, Westmoreland County, Virginia, May 22 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 25 1819 ; his education was obtained chiefly j> Northumberland Academy, spending a 'ihort time at Dickinson College, Pennsyl vania. In 1836 he commenced the study of law, and graduated at the University of Virginia, as a student of that profession, in 1838, and was licensed to practice in 1839. In 1 847 he was elected a Represent ative in Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the Militia. He de clined a re-election at the expiration of his term. In 1850 he was a member of the Reform Convention of Virginia, and in 1857 was elected to the State Senate. Beall, Rezin. — He was an officer in Wayne's army, with Harrison and Van Rensselaer; occupied various public sta tions in Ohio, and was a member of Con gress, from that State, from 1813 to 1815, and died at Wooster, Ohio, February 20, 1843, aged seventy-three years. Beaman, Fernando C. — He was born in Chester, Windsor County, Vermont, June 28, 1814 ; removed with his father to New York when a boy, and left an orphan at the age of fifteen ; received a good English education at the Franklin County Academy ; studied law in Rochester ; re moved to Michigan in 1838, and com menced the practice of his profession ; was for six years Prosecuting Attorney for Lenawee County ; was Judge of Probate for four years ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; and in 1860 was elected a Repre sentative, from Michigan, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and served on the same Committee, and also on that on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories, and the Death of President Lincoln, and as Chairman of that on Roads and Canals. Bean, Benning M. — He was born in New Hampshiie; occupied a seat in the State Legislatuie for five years, and was President of the Senate in 1832; was a State Councillor in 1829; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1833 to 1837, serving as a member of the Committee on Agriculture. Beardsley, Samuel. — He was born in Otsego County, New York; studied and adopted the profession of law; settled at Rome, Oneida County, and was District Attorney of the same ; also held the post of Attorney General of the State ; was a Representative in Congress, from Oneida County, New York, to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and a part of the Twenty- fourth, and Twenty-eighth Congresses, and was Chairman of the Committee on the Ju- diciary. He also held the offices of State Senator in 1823, and those of Assistant Justice and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, and the Federal ap pointment of United States District Attor ney for New York. Died at Utica, New York, May 6, I860. Beatty, John. — He graduated at Prince ton College in 1769, and studied medicine; was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1793 to 1795, having been a Delegate to the Continental Con gress, from 1783 to 1785. He died at Tren ton, April 30, 1826, aged seventy-seven years. Beatty, Martin. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky from 1833 to 1835. Beatty, William. — He was born in Ireland, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1837 to 1841. Beaumont, Andrew. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837, and died at Wilkesbarre', Pennsylvania, October 30, 1853. Bedford, Gunning. — He was a Revo lutionary Patriot ; was a Delegate from Delaware to the Continental Congiess from 1783 to 1787 ; was a member of the Con vention that formed the Constitution and signed that instrument ; was chosen 'Gov ernor of Delaware in 1796 ; was afterwards appointed District Judge of the Court of the United States. He was a graduate of Princeton College in 1771, and died in 1797. Bedinger, George M. — He was an officer in the Revolutionary war, having served as Adjutant in the expedition against Chillicothe, in 1779, and as a Ma jor at the battle of Blue Licks, in 1782 ; he was one of the earliest emigrants into the State of Kentucky ; was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1792, and a Represeutative in Congiess from 1803 to 1807. He spent the close of his life in re tirement, and died at an advanced age. Bedinger, Henry. — He was born in Virginia; received a classical education; adopted the profession of law ; and was a 2G BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1845 to 1849, where he was distin guished for his eloquence as a debater. In 1853 he was appointed Charg6 d'Affaires to Denmark, and returned home in the autumn of 1858. He died of pneumonia, at Shepherdstown, Virginia, November 26, 1858. During his residence in Denmark he was successful in bringing about the treaty abolishing the Sound Dues. Bee, Thomas. — He was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1782. S Beecher, Philemon. — Born in New Haven, Connecticut ; he was an able law yer, and one of the early settlers of Ohio, to which he emigrated from Connecticut. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1817 to 1821, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on the Judiciary, and re-elected from 1823 to 1829. He died at Lancaster, Ohio, November 30, 1839, aged sixty-four years. Beekman, Thomas. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. Beers, Cyrus.— He was elected, in 1838, a Representative, from New York, to the Twenty-fifth Congress, for the un expired term of Andrew D. W. Bruyn, de ceased. Beeson, Henry W. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Belcher, Hiram. — Bom in Augusta, Maine ; educated at Hallowell Academy ; studied law, and admitted to the bar in 1812; was for four or five years a member of the Maine Legislature ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Died May 7, 1857, aged sixty-seven years. Belcher, Nathan. — Born in Griswold, Connecticut, June 23, 1813; graduated at Amherst College in 1832 ; studied law with Samuel Ingham, of Essex, and at the Cambridge Law School ; was admitted to the bar in 1836, and practised at Clinton, Connecticut, until 1841, when he removed to New London, relinquished the practice of law, and engaged in. manufacturing. He was a member of the House of Repre sentatives of Connecticut in 1846 and 1847, and of the State Senate in 1850; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and a Rep resentative in Congress from 1853 to 1855. Belden, George O. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829. Bell, TTiram — ue was born in Ver mont, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1852 to 1853. Bell, James. — Born November 13, 1804, in Francistown, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire; graduated at Bowdoin Col lege in 1822 ; studied law, and completed his course at Litchfield ; was admitted to the bar in 1825, and commenced to practice at Gilmanton; removed to Exeter, and thence to Gilford; and for many years held a distinguished rank in his profession. In 1846 he was elected to the Legislature, and was a member of. the Constitutional Con vention of the State in 1850. He was elected United States Senator, in June, 1 855, for six years ; and died in Laconia, New Hampshire, May 26, 1857, whither he had gone from Washington, to recruit his health. Bell, James M. — He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. Bell, John. — He was born near Nash ville, Tennessee, February 15, 1797. He commenced his studies at Cumberland Col lege, now xhe Nashville University, and graduated at the latter in 1814 ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1816. In 1817 he was elected to the State Senate ; declined a re-election, and devoted the next ten years of his life wholly to his pro fession ; in 1827 he was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, and continued to be re-elected until 1841, officiating during one term as Speaker; in 1841 he accepted a seat in President Harrison's cabinet as Secretary of War, which post he resigned in five months after the accession of Presi dent Tyler; in 1847 he accepted a seat in the House of Representatives of Tennes see, but before the close of the year he was elected to the United States Senate, and was re-elected in 1852, serving, from time to time, as Chairman of important committees until the close of the Thirty- fifth Congress. In May, I860, he received from the Union party the nomination for President of the United States, but was defeated. Bell, John. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1850 to 1851. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 27 Bell, Joshua P. — He was born in Ken tucky, and elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Invalid Pensions, and declined a re election He is a lawyer, and distinguished in the West as an orator. He was also a member of the Peace Convention of 1861. Bell, Peter H. — He was born in Vir ginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Texas, from 1853 to 1857. He was also Governor of that State from 1 849 to 1853, and subsequently Judge of the Supreme Court of that State. Bell, Samuel. — Bom in 1769, and died at Chester, New Hampshire, December 23, 1850. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1793; a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire from 1816 to 1819; Governor of the State from 1819 to 1823 ; and a Senator in Congress from 1823 to 1835, serving as a member of the Com mittees on Foreign Affairs and Claims, and officiating as Chairman of the latter during the Twenty-third Congress. Bellinger, Joseph. — He was a Presi dential Elector in 1809; and a Represen tative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1817 to 1819. Belser, James E. — He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1843 to 1845. Died at Montgomery, Alabama, January 16, 1859. Benjamin John P. — Born in the town of Cicero, Onondaga County, New York, January 23, 1817 ; received a common school education; spent three years in Texas, and in 1848 settled in Missouri, in the practice of the law. In 1851 and 1852 he was a member of the Missouri Legisla ture ; in 1856 he was a Presidential Elec tor ; in 1861 he entered as a private in the Missouri cavalry; in January, 1862, he was commissioned a Captain ; in May of the same year a Major ; in September fol lowing a Lieutenant Colonel, which posi tion he resigned on being appointed Pro vost Marshal for the Eighth District of his State. He was also a Delegate to the Bal timore Convention of 1864, and was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thir ty-ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Invalid Pensions and Expenditures in the Interior Department. Benjamin, Judah P. — Was a Presi dential Elector in 1849 ; a lawyer by pro fession ; and was elected a Senator in Con gress, from Louisiana, to serve from 1853 to 1859, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Private Land Claims, and as a member of the Committees on the Judi ciary and on Commerce. In 1859 was re elected for a term of six years, but was ex pelled March 14, 1861. He is of Hebrew descent. He became identified with the Rebellion of 1861, and was Attorney General of the so-called "Southern Con federacy." t Bennet, Benjamin. — Born in 1762; was a Baptist minister, and a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1815 to 1819. He died at Middletown, New Jersey, October 8, 1840. Bennet, Henry. — He was born in New Lisbon, Otsego County, New York, Sep tember 29, 1808 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832; and having been elected to Congress as a Representa tive from that State in 1848, has continued to be re-elected, so that at the end of the Thirty-fifth Congress he had served in that capacity, continuously, the period of ten years. During the Thirty-fourth Congress he was Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, and reported a number of important bills for the benefit of the West ern States, and during the Thirty-fifth Congress he served as a^ member of the same committee. Bennett, Hiram P. — Was bora in Car thage, Maine, September 2, 1826 ; re ceived a common school education in Ohio ; in 1852 he was elected to a Judgeship in Western Iowa ; moved to Nebraska Terri tory in 1854, and was at once elected a member of the Territorial Council ; in 1858 he was re-elected to the Nebraska Legisla ture, and made Speaker of the House ; re moved to Colorado Territory in 1859, and was chosen a Delegate therefrom to the Thirty-seventh Congress ; and in 1 862 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress. Bennett, H. S. — Born in Williamson County, Tennessee, March 7, 1 807 ; re ceived a limited education ; studied law, and began to practice in 1830, when he re moved to Mississippi, where he held the office of Circuit Judge for eight years, and of which State he was a Representative in Congress during the Thirty-fourth Con gress. Benson, Egbert. — He was eminent as a statesman and jurist, and died at Jamaica, New York, in August, 1833, in the eighty- 28 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. seventh year of his age. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1789 to 1793, taking an active part in its deliberations. He had previously served as a Delegate in the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1788. He was a graduate of Columbia College in 1765, and received literary honors from Harvard University in 1808, and from Dartmouth in 1811. He was also the first President of the New York Historical Society. Benson, Samuel P. — He was born in the town of Winthrop, Maine ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1825 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1834 and 1836; Secre tary of State in 1838 and 1841 ; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Maine, in 1853, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress, when he served as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Af fairs. He was at one time one of the overseers of Bowdoin College. Benton, Charles S. — He was born in Maine, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1843 to 1849. Benton, Samuel. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1793 to 1798. Benton, Thomas Hart. — He was born in Hillsborough, North Carolina, March 14, 1782, and educated at Chapel Hill Col lege. He left that institution without re ceiving a degree, and forthwith commenced the study of law in William and Mary College, Virginia, under Mr. St. George Tucker. In 1810 he entered the United States Army, but soon resigned his com mission of Lieutenant Colonel, and in 1811 was at Nashville, Tennessee, where he commenced the practice of the law. He soon afterwards emigrated to St. Louis, Missouri, where he connected himself with the press as the editor of a newspaper, the "Missouri Argus." In 1820 he was elected a member of the United States Senate, serving as Chairman of many important committees, and remained in that body till the session of 1851, at which time he failed of re-election. As Missouri was not ad mitted into the Union till August 10, 1821, more than a year of Mr. Benton's first term of service expired before he took his seat. He occupied himself during this in terval before taking his seat in Congress in acquiring a knowledge of the language and literature of Spain. Immediately after he appeared in the Senate he took a promi nent part in the deliberations of that body, and rapidly rose to eminence and distinc tion. Few public measures were discussed between the years 1821 and 1851 that he did not participate in largely, and the in fluence he wielded was always felt and con fessed by the country. He was one of the chief props and supporters of the adminis trations of Presidents Jackson and Van Buren. The people of Missouri long clung to him as their apostle and leader, and it required persevering effort to defeat him. But he had served them during the entire period of thirty years without interruption, and others, who aspired to honors he en joyed, became impatient for an opportunity to supplant him. His defeat was the con sequence. Colonel Benton was distin guished for his learning, iron will, practi cal mind, and strong memory. As a pub lic speaker he was not interesting or calcu lated to produce an effect on the passions of an audience, but his speeches were read with avidity, always producing a decided influence. He was elected a Representa tive in the Thirty-third Congress for the District of St. Louis, and on his retire ment from public life devoted himself to the preparation of a valuable register of the debates in Congiess, upon which he labored until his death, which occurred in Washington, on the 10th of April, 1858, of cancer in the stomach. Beresford, Richard. — He was a Dele gate, from South Carolina, to the Conti nental Congress from 1763 to 1785. Bergen, John T— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833. Bergen, Teunis G— Born in Gowanus, city^ of Brooklyn, New York, October 6, 1806 ; was educated at the Academy of Erasmus Hall, Flatbush ; was a surveyor and horticulturist ; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1646; was Supervisor of the town of New Utrecht for twenty-three years ; served in all the grades, from sergeant to colonel, in the State Militia; was a member of the Charleston and Baltimore Conventions of 1860, and was elected in 18, >4 a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. Bernhisel, John M.— Bom in Cum berland County, Pennsylvania, June 23, J 799; graduated in the Medical Depart ment ot Pennsylvania University; en gaged in the practice of medicine ; and was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fifth BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 29 Congress from the Territory of Utah. Re elected to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty- seventh Congresses. Berrien, John McPherson. — Born in New Jersey. August 23, 1781, but when a child removed with his father to Georgia. He graduated at Princeton in his fifteenth year, aud was admitted to the bar in 1799. In 1809 he wras elected Solicitor General, and the next year Judge of the Eastern Circuit. During the war of 1812 he had command of a regiment of volunteer caval ry. He served in the State Legislature for several years. In 1824 he was elected to the United States Senate, where he re mained until 1829, when he took a seat in the cabinet of President Jackson as At torney General. For a while afterwards he held various, positions of responsibility in Georgia, and in 1840 was again elected to the United States Senate for six years, taking an active part in all leading meas ures, and officiating most of the time as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. In 1845 he was elected one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Georgia, and in 1847 was once more elected to the United States Senate, resigning his seat in May, 1852. On his return to Georgia, he still continued, in various ways, to promote the public good, and he died at Savannah, January 1, 1856, universally lamented. He was undoubtedly one of the best, most distinguished, and high-minded statesmen of the country. Bethune, Laughlin. — A native of North Carolina, for several years a Senator in the State Legislature, and from 1831 to 1833 a Representative in Congress from Cumberland County, in that State, serving as a member of the Committee on Elections. Betton, Silas. — He graduated at Dart mouth College in 1787 ; was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1803 to 1807; 'held the office of Sheriff of Rockingham County for several years; and died at Salem, New Hampshire, in 1822, aged fifty-eight years. Betts, Samuel R. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817. He was subsequently, and for many years, Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern Dis trict of New York. Betts, Thaddeus. — He was born in Norwalk, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1807, and acquired great dis tinction as a lawyer. He was at one time Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut, and an influential member of the United States Senate from 1839 to the date of his death, April 7, 1840. He was greatly respected for his talents and character. Bibb, George M. — He was bom in Virginia in 1772 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1792 ; studied law and settled in Kentucky. He was a Justice and twice Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals of Kentucky; was in the State Senate two years ; held the position of Chancellor of the Court of Chancery ; was Secretary of Treasury under President Tyler ; after wards practiced his profession in the City of Washington, and acted as an assistant in the office of the Attorney General of «he United States. His services in Congress were rendered as a Senator from 1811 to 1814, and again from 1829 to 1835. He died in Georgetown, D. C , April 14, 1859. One of his marked peculiarities was a fondness for fishing, which he practiced with enthusiasm. Bibb, William W. — Died at his resi dence, in Fort Jackson, Alabama, July 9, 1820, aged thirty-nine years. He was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1806 to 1814, and ai Senator in Con gress from 1813 to 1816, and was appointed in 1817 Governor of the Territory of Ala bama. He was elected first Governor under the Constitution of that State in 1819. He was originally educated for the medical pro fession. Bibighaus, Thomas M. — Born in Pennsylvania in 1816; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to the time of his death, which occurred in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, June 18, 1853. Bicknell, Bennet. — He was born in Mansfield, Connecticut, in 1803 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1839; having been in the Assembly of the State in 1812, and a State Senator from 1815 to 1818. Died at Morrisville, Madison County, in 1863. Biddle, Charles John. — Bom in Phila delphia in 1819; graduated at Princeton College in 1837 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1840 ; served as a Captain of Voltigeurs, United States Army, in the war with Mexico, and was in the actions of Contreras, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, Chapultepec, and the taking of the City of Mexico, having been breveted a Major for gallant and meritorious services. After 30 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. the Mexican war he resumed the practice of his profession in Philadelphia. In 1861 he was appointed a Colonel in the Penn sylvania Reserve Volunteer Corps, and while in the field in Virginia he was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of E. Joy Morris. Before quitting the field he was tendered the commission of Brigadier General, but declined it, preferring to serve his con stituents in a civil capacity. Biddle, Edward. — He was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Con gress from 1774 to 1776, and again from 1778 to 1789. Biddle, John. — He was born in Phila delphia ; was an officer in the war of 1812, acquitting himself with bravery ; held the position of Paymaster in the Army ; also that of Indian Agent ; and was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Michi gan, from 1829 to 1831, when he was ap pointed Register of the Land Office at Detroit, Michigan. For some years before his death he had been travelling in Eu rope, and died at the White Sulphur Springs, Virginia, August 25, 1859, aged about seventy years. Biddle, Richard. — He was a brother of Nicholas Biddle, and a Representative in Congress, from Western Pennsylvania, from 1837 to 1841, and died at Pittsburg July 7, 1847. Was the author of a Life of Sebastian Cabot. Bidlack Benjamin A. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841 to 1845 ; and died at Bogota, New Granada, February 29, 1849, to which country he had been appointed Charge d'Affaires, im mediately after leaving Congress. Bidwell, Barnabas. — He graduated at Yale College in ] 785 ; received the degree of LL.D. from that institution ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1805 to 1807 ; from 18ul to 1805 he was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature, and Attorney General for the State from 1807 to 1810. He died in 1833. Bidwell, John. — Born in Chautauqua County, New York, August 5, 1819, both of his grandfathers having fought in the Revolutionary war. In 1829 he went with his father's family to Erie, Pa. , and in 1831 to Ashtabula County, Ohio; was educated at Kingsville Academy ; taught school in Darke County in the winter of 1838-'39, and subsequently followed the same em ployment for two years in Missouri. In 1841 he emigrated to California, having been one of the first to cross the wild over land route, which journey occupied six months. His first employment on the Pacific coast was to take charge of Bodega and Fort Russ ; he also had charge of Sutter's Feather river possessions He served in the war with Mexico until its close, rising from Second Lieutenant to Major ; he was the first man to find gold on Feather river in 1848. In 1849 he was a member of the State Constitutional Con vention, and during the same year was elected to the Senate of the new State. In 1850 he was one of the two appointed to convey a block of gold-bearing quartz Nto Washington City ; was a dissatisfied Dele gate to the Charleston Convention in 1860. Since that time he has been a Brigadier General of militia, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from California to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture. Bigelow, Abijah. — Born in Westmins ter, Worcester County, Massachusetts, December 5, 1775. He graduated at Dart mouth College in 1795 ; studied law and was admitted to practice in 1798 ; was town clerk of Leominster for five years ; served two years as a member of the Gene ral Court of Massachusetts ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1810 to 1815. In 1838 he was appointed a Master in Chancery for Worcester County; from 1817 to 1833 he was Clerk of the County Court of Worcester ; at one time Treasurer and Trustee of Leicester Academy ; and has held the minor office of Justice of the Peace for about fifty years. Bigelow, Lewis. — Born in Worcester County, Massachusetts, in 1783 ; was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1821 to 1823 ; was the author of the " Digest of the First Twelve Volumes of Massachusetts Reports;" and, remov iug to Peoria, Illinois, became Clerk of the County Court there, and died in October, 1838. Biggs, Asa.— Born in Williamstown, Martin County, North Carolina, February 4, 1811. He was educated at an academy, served as a merchant's clerk, studied law, andwas admitted to the bar in 1831. In 1835 he was elected a member of the Con stitutional Convention of that State; in 1840, 1842, and 1844, he was elected to BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 31 the State Legislature; he was chosen a member of the Twenty-ninth Congress ; in 1850 he was one of three Commissioners appointed to revise the statutes of the State ; in 1854 he went a second time into the State Senate ; and he was elected a Senator in Congress, in 1854, for six years, but resigned May, 1858, for the appoint ment of Judge of the United States Dis trict Court of North Carolina, conferred upon him by President Buchanan. He was a member of the Committees on Finance and on Private Land Claims. Bigler, William. — Born at Shermans- burg, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, in December, 1814. He received a moder ate school education, and, instead of a college, graduated in a printing-office ; by his own personal efforts, he established, and for several years carried on, entirely unaided, the Clearfield Democrat ; dispos ing of his paper, he devoted himself for a time to mercantile pursuits and politics ; in 1841' he was elected to the State Con vention, and was a member of the State Senate, part of the time Speaker, up to 1847; in 1851 he was elected Governor of Pennsylvania ; subsequently became Presi dent of' the Philadelphia and Erie Railroad Company ; and in 1855 was elected a Sena tor in Congress for six years, serving on the Committees on Commerce, Post Offices and Post Roads, aud Engrossed BiSs. Was a Delegate to the Chicago Conven tion in 1864. Billinghurst, Charles. — He was born in Brighton, Monroe County, New York, July 27, 1818; adopted the profession of law, and, after practicing a few years, re moved to Wisconsin in 1847 ; and was a member of the first Legislature of that State in 1848; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress from Wiscon sin, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Ju diciary Committee, and was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress. Died at Juneau, Wisconsin, August 18, 1865. Bines, Thomas. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1814 to 1815, and again from 1819 to 1820. Bingham, John A. — He was born in Pennsylvania in 1615; received an aca demical education; spent two years in a printing-office ; entered Franklin College, in Ohio, but his health prevented him from graduating; he studied law in Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in 1840 ; from 1845 to 1849 he was Attorney for the State in Tuscarawas County; and in 1854 he was elected a Representative in the Thirty- fourth Congress, and re-elected to .the Thirty-fifth Congress. During his first term, he was a member of the Committee on Elections, and made a report on the Illi nois contested cases, which was adopted by the House, and served as a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress ; and in 1864, was appointed a Judge- Advocate in the Army. In August of the same year, he was ap pointed Solicitor of the Court of Claims ; and in May, 1865, he was Assistant Judge Advocate in the trial of the Conspirators. who were tried for murdering President Lincoln. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs, the Freeduien, and Recon struction ; and he was one of the Rep resentatives designated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Bingham, Kinsley S. — He was born at Camillus, Onondaga County, New York, December 16, 1808; received a fair aca demic education ; taught school for a time at Bennington, Vermont ; spent three years in the office of a lawyer as clerk ; emigra ted to Michigan in 1833, and settled upon a farm ; he was elected to the Michigan Legislature in 1835, and was five years a member of that body ; three years elected Speaker ; he was a Representative in Con gress, from Michigan, from 1847 to 1851, and served on the Committee on Commerce ; and was elected Governor of Michigan in 1854 and 1856. He has also held in other years the offices of Postmaster, Supervisor, Prosecuting Attorney, Judge of Probate, and Brigadier-General of Militia. In 1859 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Michigan for six years. Died at Oak Grove^ Livingston County, Michigan, Oc tober 5, 1861. Bingham, 'William. — He graduated at the College of Philadelphia in 1768, and he was agent for this country at Mar tinique during the Revolution. In 1786 he was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from Pennsylvania, and was elected a Senator in Congress in 1795, serving until 1801, and as President pro tern, of the Senate during the Fourth Congress. He died at Bath, England, February 7, 1804, aged fifty-two years. 32 BIOGRAPHIC AL RECORDS. Binney, Horace. — He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 4, 1780 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1797; and was educated a lawyer. He was a Director of the old United States Bank, and one of the trustees to whom its affairs were intrusted when it was wound up. He was a member of the Pennsylvania Legis lature in 1806-7, and declined a re-elec tion; and a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1833 to 1835 ; and was a member of the Committee on Ways and Means, and again declined a re-election. In 1827 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Harvard Uni versity. Bird, John. — A native of Litchfield, Connecticut; afterwards settled in Troy, New York ; and was early distinguished at the bar of that State and in the Legisla ture. He was a Representative in Con gress, from 1799 to 1801, from New York. Birdsall, Ausbum. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Birdsall, James. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817, and a member of the Assembly of that State in 1837. Birdsall, SamueL — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1839. Birdseye, Victory. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1841 to 1843; a Delegate to the State Constitu tional Convention of 1821 ; and a State Senator in 1828 and 1829, as well as a member of the Assembly for three years. Birne, Andrew. — He was a native of Ireland, and, on becoming a citizen of Vir ginia, was elected a Representative in Con gress from 1837 to 1841. Bishop, James. — He was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857 ; he was bred a mer chant, and has served in the Legislature of his native State. Bishop, Phanuel. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1799 to 1807. From 1787 to 1791 he was a member of the State Senate; and in 1792, 1793, 1797, and 1798, a Representa tive in the State Legislature. Bishop, 'William D. — He was bom in Bloomfield, New Jersey, September 14, 1827 ; graduated at Yale College in 1849 ; studied law as a profession, but soon en gaged almost exclusively in railroad busi ness, having for several years been Presi dent of the Naugatuck Railroad Company. He was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Connecticut, and was chairman of the Committee on Manufactures. In May, 1859, he was ap pointed by President Buchanan Commis sioner of Patents, but resigned in January, 1860. In 18ii6 he was re-elected to the State Legislature. Bissell, William H. — Bom in Hart- wick, Otsego County, New York, April 25, 1311. He was serf-educated, attending school in the summer, and teaching school in the winter; he studied medicine, and graduated in 1834 at the Medical College in Philadelphia ; ' he removed to Illinois, and after practicing his profession until 1840, was elected to the State Legislature ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Illinois ; after practicing with suc cess, he was, in 1 844. elected a Prosecuting Attorney ; he served with distinction in the Mexican war, and especially at Buena Vista, as captain of the 2d Regiment Illi nois Volunteers ; he was a Representative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1849 to 1855 ; and in 1856 he was elected Governor of Illinois for four years, to the duties of which office he devoted his undivided at tention. Died at Springfield, Illinois, March 18, 1360. Black Edward J. — Born in Beaufort, South Carolina, in 1808. He never attend ed college, but read law, and was admitted to the bar of Augusta, Georgia, in 1827. He commenced his public life by going into the State Legislature, where he served for several years, and was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, in 1838, remaining there until 1845. He died in Barnwell District, South Carolina, whither he had gone for change of scene, in 1849 Black Henry. — He was born in Somer set County, Pennsylvania, February 25, 1783, and was the father of Judge J. S. Black; in 1815 he was elected to the State Legislature, and for three successive years afterwards ; and in 1820 he was appointed an Associate Judge of his County, and held the office for twenty years. In 1841, at a special election, he was chosen to fill the seat in Congress made vacant by the death of Charles Ogle, serving during the BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 33 extra session of that year; and when on the point of his departure for Washington, at the commencement of the regular ses sion, he died suddenly, November 28, 1841. Black, James. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Black, James A. — He was bom in South Carolina ; served as a Captain in the war in 1812 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to the time of his death. Died in Washington, April 5, 1848. Black John. — He was at one time a resident of Louisiana, but removing to Mississippi, was elected a Senator in Con gress from 1832 to 1838, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims during the first term. He died in Winchester, Virginia, August 29, 1854. Blackledge, William. — Presumed to have been the father of the following. He was for several years a member of the General Assembly of North Carolina, and served that State as Representative in Con gress, from 1803 to 1809, and from 1811 to 1813. Died at Spring Hill, Lenoir County, North Carolina, October 19, 1828. Blackledge, William S. — He was born in Pitt County, North Carolina ; was a member of the General Assembly of North Carolina ; and he was elected to Congress, from that State, for the term, from 1821 to 1823. Died in Newbern, North Carolina, March 21, 1857, aged sixty-four. Blackmar, Esbon. — He was a native of New York, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1848 to 1849, for the unexpired term of John M. Holley; he also served two years in the State Assembly, from Wayne County. Blackwell, Julius W. — He was bom in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1845. Blaine, James Gillespie. — He was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1830 ; graduated at Washington College in 1847 ; adopted the profession of editor, and, having removed to Maine, edited the Kennebec Journal and Portland Advertiser for several years. He served four years in the Maine Legislature, two of which as Speaker of the House ; and in 1862 he was 3 elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs and the Special Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, and.as Chairman of that on the Debts of the Loyal States. Blair, Barnard. — He was a native of New York, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, serving as a member of- the Committee of Elections. Blair, Francis P., Jr. — Born in Lex ington, Kentucky, February 19, 1821 ; graduated at Princeton College ; adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the Missouri Legislature in 1852 and 1854 ; and elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Re elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Mili tary Affairs. He was also a Colonel of volunteers in 1861, and in 1862 he was ap pointed a Major General in the army, and was subsequently re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress. During the first session of that Congress he resigned his seat in the House to resume his position in the army, but by the action of the House, subse quently, the seat was assigned to his con testant, Samuel Knox. In 1866 he was appointed by President Johnson Collector of Customs for the port of St. Louis. Blair, Jacob B. — Was born in Parkers- burg, Wood County, Virginia, April 11, 1821; studied and adopted the profession of law; was Prosecuting Attorney for Ritchie County for several years ; and was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. In 1863 he was elected a Rep resentative from West Virginia to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures and Public Buildings and Grounds. Blair, James. — He was born in Lan caster, South Carolina, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1821 to 1822, and from 1829 to 1834. He died at Washington, by his own hand. April 1, 1834. Blair, John. — He was born in Wash ington County, Tennessee, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, 34 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. from 1823 to 1837, and was a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. Before entering Congress he served in both branches of the State Legislature, and died at Jonesborough, Tennessee, in July, 1863. Blair, Samuel S. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Private Land Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congiess, and was placed at the head of that committee, serv ing also on several other committees. Blaisdell, Daniel. — He was a State Councillor from 1803 to 1808, andaRepre- sentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1808 to 1811. Died in 1832, aged seventy-three years. Blake, Harrison G. — Born in New- Fane, Windham County, Vermont, March 17, 1818; received a common school edu cation, and removed to Ohio in 1830. Whilst engaged as a merchant's clerk he studied law, and after devoting much of his life to mercantile pursuits he adopted the profession of law. He has served four years in the Ohio Legislature, and was President of the State Senate in 1848-'49; and he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Accounts. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post . Office. Blake, John, Jr.— He was a native of LNew York, and a Representative in Con- .gress, from that State, from 1805 to 1809, .-and was a member of the Assembly of that State in 1819. Blake, Thomas H.— He was born in Calvert County, Maryland, June, 1792, . and spent his boyhood in Washington City. He served at the battle of Bladensburg in 1814; was an early emigrant to the State of Kentucky, and afterwards to Indiana while a Territory ; upon the formation of : the State .government, he settled at Terre Haute ; there practiced law, and served on the bench of the Circuit Court, and was .District Attorney; and subsequently en gaged in.mercantile pursuits. He was, for many years,. a member of the State Legis lature, and.a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1827 to 1829. Under President Tyler's administration he was Commissioner, of the General Land Office, and, upon his resignation, was appointed President of the Wabash and Erie Canal Company. He held this office at the time of his death, having just returned from England, where, as the financial agent of his State, he had made satisfactory arrange ments with its public creditors. He died at Cincinnati, while on his return from Washington, November 28, 1849. Blanchard, Jonathan. — He was aDele- gate from New Hampshire to the Conti nental Congress in 1783 and 1784. Blanchard, John. — Born in the County of Caledonia, Vermont, September 30, 1787. He spent his boyhood on a farm ; prepared himself for college, and graduated at Dart mouth in 1812; removed to Pennsylvania, and taught school ; read law, and was ad mitted to practice ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1845 to 1849. He died in Columbia, Lan caster County, March 8, 1849. Bland, Richard. — He was a native of Virginia ; was for some years a leading member of the House of Burgesses. In 1768 he was one of the committee appointed to remonstrate with Parliament on the sub ject of taxation ; in 1773 was one of the Committee of Correspondence ; and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1 774 to 1776. He died in 1790r aged forty- eight years. Bland, Theodoric. — Was a native of Virginia ; having been born in- 1742, and was the uncle of John Randolph ;- he was bred a physician, but upon the commence ment of the American war he quitted the practice for the army, and rose to the rank of Colonel, and had the command of a regiment of dragoons. In 1779 he had command of the troops at Albemarle Bar racks, and continued in that station till elected to a seat in Congress, from Virginia, , in 1700. He served in that body three years. He was then chosen a member of the Virginia Legislature. He was a Rep resentative in the first Congress under the Constitution, having voted for its adoption. He died at New York, June 1, 1790, while attending a session of Congress. He was the first member of Congress whose death was announced in that body ; and although buried in Trinity church-yard, the sermon in the church was preached by a pastor of the Dutch Reformed denomination. He was present at the battle of Brandywine, and enjoyed the confidence of George Washington. He was a man of literary culture, and his correspondence with emi nent men was published in 1843 as "The Bland Papers." BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 35 Bledsoe, Jesse. — He was at one time a distinguished advocate and jurist of Ken tucky, and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1815 ; he was also Professor of Law in the University of Transylvania, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Kentucky. He died at Nacogdoches, Texas, June 30, 1837. Bleecker, Hermanus. — He was born at Albany, New York, in 1779, and died there July 19, 1849. He was a member of Congress, from New York, from 1811 to 1813, and, by President Van Buren, was appointed, in 1839, Charg6 d'Affaires at the Hague. In 1822 he was a Regent of the University of New York, and received the degree of LL.D. Bliss, George. — Was born in Jericho, Chittenden County, Vermont, January 1, 1813 ; received an academical education ; went to Ohio in his twentieth year, and spent one yearin Granville College ; studied law and came to the bar in 1841 ; in 1850 he was appointed President Judge of the Eighth Judicial District of Ohio, serving one year, or until the State Constitution was changed; in 1852 was elected a Rep resentative from Ohio to the Thirty-third Congress, and in 1 862 he was re-elected to tHe Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. Bliss, Philemon. — Bom -in Canton, Connecticut, July 28, 1814 ; educated at Fairfield Academy, Oneida Institute, and Hamilton College, New York ; was a law yer by profession ; removed to Ohio, and was elected President Judge of the Four teenth Circuit Court, and, in 1854, a Rep resentative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress. He was a member of the Committee on Manufactures. Bloodworth, Timothy. — He was born in North Carolina, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from North Carolina, in 1790 and 1791, and a Senator of the United States from 1795 to 1801. He died August 24, 1814. Bloom, Isaac. — He was elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Eighth Congress, but died before taking his seat, in 1803. Bloomfield, Joseph. — Born in the town of Woodbridge, Middlesex County", New Jersey; studied law until 1775, when he became an active friend of the Revolution ; was afterwards Attorney General for New Jersey ; Governor of that State from 1 801 to 1812 ; was appointed a Brigadier Gene ral by President Madison ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1817 to 1821. As Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pen sions he reported the bill granting pensions to soldiers of the Revolutionary army. He resided in Burlington, New Jersey, many years before his death. Blount, Thomas. — He was born in North Carolina ; was a General of Militia in that State ; and a Representative from the same, in the Twelfth Congress. Died in Washington, February 9, 1812. Blount, William. — He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1782, 1783, 1786, and 1787, from North Carolina ; and was Governor of the territory south of the Ohio, having been appointed to that office in 1790. In 1796, he was chosen Presi dent of the Convention of Tennessee. He was elected, the same year, by that State, to a seat in the United States Senate, but was expelled in 1797, for having, as it was alleged, instigated the Creeks and Chero- kees to assist the British in conquering the Spanish territories near the United States. While his impeachment was being tried in the United States Senate he was elected a member of the State Senate and made President thereof. He died at Knoxville, March 10, 1810, aged fifty-six years. Blount, William G — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1819. Died May 21, 1827. Blow, Henry T. — Born in Southamp ton County, Virginia, July 15, 1817; re moved to Missouri in 1830, and graduated at the St. Louis University; devoted him self to the drug and lead business ; served four years in the State Senate ; in 1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln Minis ter to Venezuela, which he resigned in less than a year, and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Thir ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com mittee of Ways and Means. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Ap propriation, Bankrupt Law, and Recon struction. Boardman, Elijah.— Bom in New Mil- ford, Connecticut, March 7, 1760, and be came a successful merchant. He was fre quently a member of the Legislature., member of the Council, and a Senator in 3G BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Congress, from Connecticut, from 1821 to 1823. He died in Boardman, Ohio, Octo ber 8, 1823. Boardman, William W. — He was born in New Milford, Connecticut, October 10, 1794; graduated at Yale College in 1812; studied law at Litchfield and Cam bridge, and practiced with success; was at one time Judge of Probate ; for several years in the State Legislature, and Speaker of the House ; and a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1841 to 1843. Bockee, Abraham. — Bom in the town of Northeast, Dutchess County, New York, in 1783 ; was a member of the State Legis lature in 1820; a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831, and again from 1833 to 1837 ; and a mem ber of the State Senate from 1842 to 1845. He also held the position, in 1846, of first Judge of the Dutchess County Court. Died at Poughkeepsie, June 1, 1865. Bocock, Thomasj S. — He was born in Buckingham County, Virginia, in 1815; graduated at Hampden Sidney College : adopted the profession of law ; was Com monwealth Attorney for the County of Ap pomattox in 1645 and 1846; for several sessions a member of the Virginia House of Delegates ; and has been a Representa tive in Congress from 1847 to 1861, serv ing, for some years, as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the "Confederate" Congress. Boden, Alexander. — He was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that Slate, from 1817 to 1821. Bodle, Charles. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1835, and died in New York City, in 1836. Boerum, Simon. — He was a Delegate, from New York, to the Continental Con gress from 1774 to 1777. Bokee, David A. — He was born in New York, October 6, 1805; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1849 to 1851, serving on the Commit tee on Indian Affairs ; and his last public position was that of Naval Officer of the port of New York, under President Fill more. He died in Washington, March 1 6, 1860 ; he was on a visit to that city, and was found dead in his room. Bond, Shadrack. — He was elected a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Illinois, from 1811 to 1815; and was the first Governor under the State Consti tution. In 18.14 was appointed Receiver of Public Moneys in Kaskaskia, Illinois. He died at Kaskaskia, April 13, 1832. Bond, William Key. — He was born in St. Mary's County, Maryland ; emigrated to Ohio in 1812 ; studied law and settled in the practice of the profession at Chilli- cothe, and subsequently at Cincinnati; was at one time a Colonel of Militia ; and a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1835 to 1841. Died at Cincinnati, February 17, 1864. Bonham, Milledge L. — He was born in South Carolina ; graduated at the Col lege of that State in 1834 ; is a lawyer by profession ; and was elected a Representa tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from his native State, serving as a member of the Committee on Military AffiRrs. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, but withdrew in December, 1860. He was a Major General of Militia, and served in Mexico at the head of a battalion of South- Carolina troops. Served as a Major Gene ral in the Rebel army in 1861. Boody, Azariah. — Born in New York, and was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-third Congress, but resigned in October, 1853. Boon, Ratlin7. — He was bom in Frank lin County, North Carolina, in 1781, and was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1625 to 1627, and again from 1829 to 1639, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands during the Twenty-fourth Congress. He died in Louisiana, November 20, 1844. Booth, Walter. — Born in Woodbridge, New Haven County, Connecticut, Decem ber 8, 1791, and after receiving a good school education in New Haven he settled in the town of Meriden, where he still re sides. He was for several years a mer chant and manufacturer, and for eighteen years President of the Meriden Bank; he has been a member of the General Assem bly and State Senate; and in 1634 was Associate Judge of the County Court. He was Major General of Militia, and elected a member of the Thirty-first Congress, serving on the Committee of Public Ex- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 37 penditures. He has since been engaged in agricultural pursuits. Borden, Nathaniel B. — He was bom in Fall River, Massachusetts, April 15, 1801, and was a Representative in Con- fress, from the Fall River District, in that Jate, from 1835 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committees on Elections and Territories. He was also a member of the State Legis lature in 1831, 1834, and 1851, and a State Senator from 1845 to 1848. Died at Fall River, April 10, 1865. Borland, Charles, Jr. — He was born in Orange County, New York, and was a member of the New York Assembly in 1820 ; a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1823; and was again elected to the Assembly in 1836. Borland, Solon. — He was born in Vir ginia ; was educated in North Carolina ; served in the war with Mexico as a volun teer; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; was a Senator in Congress, from Arkan sas, from 1848 to 1853, and was appointed, by President Pierce, Minister to Central America. He also received, from Presi dent Pierce, the appointment of Governor of the Territory of New Mexico, but de clined. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a Brigadier General. Died in Texas early in 1864. Borst, Peter I. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from the County of Scho harie, New York, from 1829 to 1831, and was a member of the Committee on Ex penditures in the Post Office Department. Died at Middleburg, New York, November 14, 1848. Boss, John L., Jr. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1815 to 1819. Bossier, Peter E. — He was descended from an old French family of Louisiana, and after serving ten years in the State Senate, he was elected a member of the Twenty-eighth Congress from that State, and died in Washington before the expira tion of his term, April 24, 1844. Boteler, Alexander R. — Born in Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, Virginia, May 16, 1815. After going through an academic course of studies in his native town, he entered Princeton College, and graduated in 1835, and since that time has been chiefly devoted to rural and literary pursuits. In 1852 and 1856, he was on the Electoral tickets, Whig and American ; and in 1859 he was elected a Representa tive, from Virginia, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. During a part of the Rebellion he served as a Representative in the so-called " Confederate congress." Botts, John M. — Bora in Dumfries, Prince William County, Virginia, Septem ber 16, 1802, but removed with his father to Fredericksburg, and subsequently to Richmond. In 1811 he lost his parents, at the conflagration of the Richmond thea tre, and was sent to a boarding-school. At eighteen he was admitted to the bar, prac ticed for six years, and then retired to a farm in Henrico County. He served in the Legislature from 1833 to 1839, when he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, and occupied that position until 1843 ; was re-elected to the Thirtieth Congress, and was Chairman of the Com mittee on Military Affairs. He afterwards resumed the practice of his profession in Richmond, where he now resides, having, since 1851, declined all nominations for public office in his State. During the Re bellion he remained faithful to the Govern ment of the United States. Bouck, Joseph. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1831 to 1833, serving on the Committee on Imprison ment for Debt. Boude, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801 to 1803. Boudinot, Elias. — Was bora in Phila delphia, May 2, 1740. He studied the law and became eminent in that profession. At an early period' of the Revolutionary War, he was appointed by Congress Com missary General of Prisoners. In the year 1777 he was chosen a member of Congress, and in 1782 was made President of that body. After the adoption of the Constitu tion, he entered the House of Representa tives from Pennsylvania, where he contin ued from 1789 to 1795. He then succeeded Rittenhouse as Director of the Mint of the United States, an office which he resigned in the course of a few years, and lived from that time at Burlington, New Jersey.^ He devoted himself earnestly to biblical litera ture, and being possessed of an ample for tune, made munificent donations to various charitable and theological institutions. The American Bible Society, of which he be- 38 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. came President, was particularly an object of his bounty. He died at Burlington, New Jersey, October 24, 1821. He pub lished several books, and was devoted to Natural History. Bouldin, James W. — He was bom in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1833 to 1839, having been elected to the Twenty-third Congress in place of his brother, T. T. Bouldin, deceased. Bouldin, Thomas T. — He was born in Virginia ; spent his youth in farming ; adopted the profession of law, and reached a high judicial position; was a member of Congress, from Virginia, from 1829 to 1833, and died in the Capitol, at Washington, February 11, 1834 He had been re-elected to the Twenty-third Congress, but died soon after entering upon his third term. On the day preceding his death, he was censured by a colleague for omitting to call the attention of the House to the death of his predecessor, John Randolph ; and he had risen to reply, when he was seized with paralysis, sank down into a chair, and died immediately. Before entering Congress, he had been a lawyer of high rank, and an able and upright judge, and highly respect ed for his talents and integrity. Bouligney, Dominique. — He was born in Louisiana ; was a lawyer by profession ; was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1624 to 1629, and died in 1833. Bouligney, John Edmund. — He was born in New Orleans, February 5, 1824, and was of Creole descent ; received a good education ; held several offices of trust in his native city, and was elected a Repre sentative, from Louisiana, to the Thirty- sixth Congress. Of the representatives of twelve millions of people, he was the only one who refused to abandon his State to the leaders of the secession movement, and he continued in Congress until the close of his term. He died ;n Washington, of con sumption, February 20, 1864. Dominique Boligney, formerly a Senator from Louis iana, was his uncle. Bourne, Benjamin. — He was a native of Bristol, Rhode Island, and was born about the year 1755, and educated at Har vard College, where he graduated in 1775. He was conspicuous for talents and learn ing, and spent a large part of his life in public and honorable employments. He was a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1790 to 1796, when he resigned, and was appointed Judge of the United States District Court of Rhode Is land. He died September 17, 1808. Bourne, Shearjasub. — He was a grad uate of Harvard College in 1764; was Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas for Suffolk County, Massachusetts ; and a Representative in Congress, from 1791 to 1795. He died in 1806. Boutwell, George S.— He was bom in Brookline, Norfolk County, Massachu setts, January 26, 1818. When a boy he had some experience in farming ; was in the mercantile business as apprentice, clerk, and proprietor for twenty years ; studied law, and came to the bar somewhat late in life ; served seven years in the Mas- sachusets Legislature, between the years 1842 and 1850 ; was a member of the Mas sachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1853, and also of the Peace Congress of 1861 ; was a Bank Commissioner in 1849 and 1850 ; was Governor of Massachusetts in 1851 and 1652 ; Secretary of the Massa chusetts Board of Education for eleven years ; member for six years of the Board of Overseers of Harvard College ; and Commissioner of Internal Revenue from July, 1862, to March, 1863. In 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Massa chusetts, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Con vention of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on the Judiciary, Private Land Claims, Reconstruction, and that on a Bureau of Education. Bovee, Matthias J. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837, serving on the Committee on Ex penditures in the War Department. Bowden, Lemuel J. — Was born in the North Neck of Virginia in 1 8 1 2 ; graduated at William and Mary College ; was a law yer by profession ; served three sessions in the Vii ginia Legislature ; was a member of the Convention for amending the State Constitution in 1849 ; also of the Conven tion for the same purpose in 1851 ; was Presidential Elector in 1861 ; and suffered much in his estate, from the Rebel armies, during the early part of the Rebellion. While our troops were at Williamsburg, he did much for the comfort of our officers and men ; and in 1863 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Virginia, but died in Washington City, January 2, 1864. BIOGRAPHIC AL RECORDS. 39 In the Senate he served on the Committees on Pensions and Post Offices and Post Roads. Bowdon, Franklin W. — Bom in Ala bama, and was a Representative in Con- fress, from 1846 to 1851, from his native tate. In 1852 he removed to Texas and engaged in the practice of the law. He died at Henderson, Texas, June 6, 1857. Bowen, John H. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1813 to 1815. Bower, Gustavus B. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Missouri, from 1843 to 1845. Bowers, John M. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1814. Bowie, Richard I. — He was born in Georgetown, District of Columbia, June 23, 1807. He received a classical educa tion, and was admitted to the bar in his nineteenth year, and, subsequently, to practice in the Supreme Court of the United States. In 1836 and 1837 he was elected to the Legislature of Maryland ; in 1840 he was a Delegate to the Harrisburg Con vention, called to nominate a President; and he was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1853. It is claimed by his friends that he made the first speech in the House of Representatives on the Compro mise measures of 1850. Bowie, Thomas F. — Born at Queen Ann, Prince George's County, Maryland, April 7, 1808; graduated, in 1837, at Union College, New York ; adopted the profession of law ; served as Deputy Attor ney General for Prince George's County sixteen years ; served three terms in the Legislature of Maryland, and was elected a Representative, from Maryland, in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. He was a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Bowie, Walter. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1802 to 1805. Bowlin, James B. — Born in Spottsyl- vania County, Virginia, in 1804. He was reared a mechanic, but obtained a common school education; and, after studying law, was admitted to the bar, in Greenbrier County, in 1827. In 1833 he removed to St. Louis, Missouri ; in 1834 was appointed Chief Clerk of the State House of Repre sentatives, and in 1835 was elected a mem ber of the Legislature. In 1837 he was made District Attorney for St. Louis ; soon after Attorney for the Bank of St. Louis ; in 1839 he was elected Judge of the Crimi nal Court; and was a Representative in Congress, from Missouri, from 1843 to 1851. In 1858 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Commissioner to Paraguay. Bowne, Obadiah. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1 851 to 1 853. Bowne, Samuel S. — He was a mem ber of the New York Assembly in 1834, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. In 1857 he was Judge of Otsego County, and held various other positions of trust and honor. Died in Otsego County, July 15, 1865, aged seventy years. Boyce, William W. — Bom in Charles ton, South Carolina, October 24, 1819, and was educated at the South Carolina Col lege and Virginia University. He adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the Legislature of South Carolina in 1842, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1853 to December, 1860, when he re signed. He took part in the Rebellion as a member of the "Confederate" Congress. His tastes are of a literary character, and he is said'; ¦ be ahard student. When re elected to toe Thirty-sixth Congress, he served as a member of the Committee of Elections, and at the time of his leaving Congress he was a member of the Com mittee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He subsequently settled in Wash ington City. Boyd, Adam. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1803 to 1805, and again from 1808 to 1813. He was an active supporter of the Revolu tion, and a man of strong natural ability. He died in Hackensack, New Jersey, at an advanced age. Boyd Alexander.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. Boyd, John H. — He was bom in New York, aud was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. He was a member, in 1840. of the State Assembly, from Washington County. Boyd, Linn. — Was born in Nashville, Tennessee, November 22, 1800. His early advantages were limited, but on arriving 40 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. at man's estate he removed to Kentucky, entered into politics, and in 1827 was elect ed to the Legislature of that State, from Calloway County, serving three sessions, and in 1831 was re-elected for another session, from Trigg County. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1835 to 1837, from 1839 to 1847, and again from 1847 to 1855. He was Chairman of the Committee on Terri tories during the Thirty-first Congress ; and during the 32d and 33d Congresses occupied the chair of Speaker of the House of Representatives. He also served one term as Lieutenant-Governor of Kentucky. During his career in Congress he labored faithfully and constantly for his constitu ents, and retired to private life with a high reputation. Died in Paducah, Kentucky, December 16, 1859. Boyd, Sempronius H. — He was bom in Williamson County, Tennessee, May 28, 1828; received a good English education; adopted the profession of law; in 1861 raised a regiment for the war and became its commander, the same having acquired reputation as " the Lyon legion;" and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs, and as Chairman of the Committee on Unfinished Business. Subsequently re sumed the practice of his profession. Boyden, Nathaniel. — Born in Frank lin Township, Massachusetts, August 16, 1796 ; he graduated at Union College, New York, in J 820; in 1821 removed to North Carolina ; there he taught school, studied law, and was elected a number of times to the State Legislature. He was in Congress as a Representative, from North Carolina, from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department; he declined a re-elec tion, for the purpose of devoting his whole attention to the practice of his profession. Boyer, Benjamin M. — He was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, Janu ary 22, 1823 ; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1841 ; studied law and adopted that profession ; was District At torney for his native county from 1648 to 1850; and was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions, the Militia, and the Debts of Loyal States. Boyle, John. — He was born in Ken tucky, liberally educated, and a lawyer by profession. He was a Judge of the Su preme Court of Kentucky, also Chief Justice of the State; and a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1803 to 1809, when he was appointed Governor of Illinois Territory. He was a distinguished and successful lawyer, and able judge, and died in Kentucky, January 28, 1834. During the eight years immediately pre ceding his death, he was Judge of the United States District Court for Ken tucky, having been appointed by President Adams. Brabson, Reese B. — Born in Tennes see, and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Died in Tennessee, in September, 1863. Brace, Jonathan. — He was bom in Harrington, Connecticut, November 12, 1754, and died at Hartford, Connecticut, August 26, 1837. He was a graduate of Yale College in 1779, and was elected a Judge of Probate, Chief Judge of the Hartford County Court, and a Representa tive in Congress, from 1798 to 1800. He was also frequently in the State Legisla ture, at one time State Attorney for Hart ford County, and for nine years Mayor of Hartford. Bradbury, George. — Was born in Portland, then called Falmouth, Massachu setts, in 1770. He graduated at Harvard College in 1789, and immediately com menced the study of law. He established himself in the practice at Portland, now Maine. From 1806 to 1810 he was a mem ber of the State Legislature, aud also in 1811 and 1812. In 1812 he was chosen to represent the Cumberland District, Massa chusetts, in Congress, as successor to Wil liam Widgeiy, whose vote on, and support of war measures, rendered him unpopular with his constituents. Mr. Bradbury re ceived the approbation of a second election in 1814. Alter this service he returned to his profession, which he pursued to the time of his death, which took place in Portland, November 7, 1823, having been Associate Clerk of a court in Portland from 1817 to 1820, and a State Senator in 1822. Bradbury, James W.— He was born in Maine, in 1805 ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1625; adopted the profession of law ; was a County Attorney from 1834 to 1838 ; a Presidential Elector in 1,644 ; and was a Senator in Congress, from Maine, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 41 from 1847 to 1853, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Printing. Bradbury, Theophilus.— Was born in that portion of Newbury now Newburyport, in 1739. Having graduated at Harvard University at the age of eighteeu, he then studied law, and practiced in Falmouth, Maine, until 1779, when he returned to his native town. After filling several local offices, he was chosen to represent the Essex District in Congress from 1795 to 1797, and was a Presidential Elector in 1801. About six years before his death, which occurred September 6, 1803, he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. , Bradford, Allen A. — He was born in Friendship, Lincoln County, Maine, July 23, 1815; spent his boyhood on a farm, and received a common school and aca demical education; emigrated to Missouri in 1841, where he studied law and came to the bar in 1 843 ; and in 1 845 he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court of Atchison County, which office he held for five years. In 1851 he removed to Iowa, and in 1852 was appointed Judge of the Sixth Judicial District of that State, which he resigned in 1855. During the latter year he removed to the Territory of Nebraska, and was a member of the Legislative Council of the Territory in J 856, 1857, and 1858. In 1860 he settled in Colorado, and was appointed, in 1862, Judge of the Supreme Court of that Territory, which position he held until elected a Delegate from Colorado to the Thirty-ninth Congress. He was a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lin coln to Illinois. Bradford, William. — Was born at Plympton, Massachusetts, November 4, 1729. He studied medicine, and establish ed himself in practice at Warren, Rhode Island, but afterwards removed to Bristol. He then turned his attention to the law, and became one of the most distinguished civilians of that State. He took an active part in the cause of his country during the Revolution, and afterwards held many im portant stations. He was Lieutenant Gov ernor of the State, and a member of the United States Senate, from Rhode Island, from 1 793 to 1797, when he resigned. He was President pro tern, of the Senate during a part of the Fifth Congress. He died July 6,. 1808. Bradley, Edward. — He was born in East Bloomfield, Ontario County, New York, in April, 1808; spent his boyhood on a farm ; when twenty-eight years of age he was appointed Associate Judge of the Common Pleas of that County; in 1839 he removed to Michigan and engaged in the practice of law; in 1842 he was elected to the Senate of Michigan; and was a Representative from that State to the Thirtieth Congress. He died in New York City, while on a tour for the benefit of his health, August 5, 1847. Bradley, Stephen R. — He was born in Connecticut, and graduated at Yale Col lege in,1775. He was a General of militia, the intimate friend of General Ethan Allen, and the aid of General Wooster when that officer fell in a skirmish with the enemy. He was a lawyer by profession, and the first Senator from Vermont in the Congress of the United States, serving from 1791 to 1795, and from 1801 to 1813; a man of eminent ability, but of eccentric habits ; and died in New Hampshire, December 16, 1830, aged seventy-six years. During a part of the Seventh and Tenth Congresses he officiated as President pro tern, of the Senate. Bradley, William C— Born at West minster, Vermont, March 23, 1782. He entered Yale College, and was compelled to leave when a freshman in 1796, and yet, in 1817, the Corporation of the Institution surprised him with the degree of M. A. He studied law with his father, Stephen R. Bradley, and was admitted to the bar in 1802. The public positions held by him are as follows: From 1800 to 1803, Secre tary of Commissioners of Bankruptcy ; from 1804 to 1811, State's Attorney for Windham County, and part of this period Clerk of Westminster ; in 1806-7, Repre sentative in the State Legislature ; in 1812, member of the State Council; a Repre sentative in Congress from 1813 to 1815; from 1817 to 1822, agent of the United States under the Treaty of Ghent; again in Congress from 1823 to 1827 ; in 1850 again in the State Legislature ; in 1856 a Presidential Elector; in 1857 a member of the State Constitutional Convention ; and in 1858 took formal leave of the bar, at which he had practiced for fifty-four years, conferring honor upon his native State and winning a spotless reputation as a man. He was also Presidential Elector in 1857. Bradshaw, Samuel C. — He was born in Plumstead Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, June 10, 1809 ; received a common school education ; studied medi cine, and graduated at the Pennsylvania 42 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Medical College in 1833 ; and was a Repre sentative, from his native State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Brady, Jasper E. — He was born in New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1847 to 1849. He subsequently settled in the practice of law at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and afterwards in Washington City. Bragg, John. — He was born in North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1851 to 1853. Bragg, Thomas. — Bom in Warrenton, Warren County, North Carolina, Novem ber 9, 1810 ; was chiefly educated at the Military Academy at Middletown, Con necticut; studied law and commenced practice in 1831 ; in 1842 was elected to the Assembly of his State ; in 1853 was a Presidential Elector ; was Governor of North Carolina for two terms, from 1855 to 1859 ; and was elected a Senator in Con gress for the term commencing in 1859, serving on the Committees on Public Lauds and Claims. Expelled from the Senate in July, 1861, having previously taken part in the Rebellion as Attorney General of the so-called Confederate States. Brainard Lawrence. — He was a Sena tor in Congress, from Vermont, during the session of 1854-'5, for the unexpired term of William Upham, deceased. Branch, John. — Bom in Halifax Coun ty, North Carolina, November 4, 1782 ; graduated at the University of North Caro lina in 1801 ; studied and practiced law ; in 1811 was elected a State Senator; re elected every year until 1817 ; was then elected Governor of the State ; again en tered the State Senate in 1822 ; served in the United States Senate from 1823 to 1829 ; and was in the latter year appointed Secretary of the Navy by President Jack son. «On his return home from Washing ton, in 1831, he was elected to a seat in Congress as Representative from North Carolina; in 1834 he was again elected to the State Senate ; in 1835 elected a member of the Convention to revise the State Con stitution ; and in 1843 was appointed Gov ernor of the Territory of Florida; after which he retired to private life, to enjoy in peace the love and respect of his many friends. Died at Enfield, North Carolina, January 4, 1863. Branch, Lawrence O'Brien. — Born in North Carolina in 1820; graduated at Princeton College in 1838 ; was a lawyer by profession ; and was elected a Repre sentative from North Carolina to the Thirty- fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty- fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committees on Territories and on Foreign Affairs. He took part in the Great Rebellion as a General, and was killed at the battle of Antietam, in Sep tember, 1862. Brandegee, Augustus. — He was born in New London, Connecticut, July 15, 1828; graduated at Yale College in 1849, and at the Yale Law School in 1851 ; adopted the profession of law ; was elected in 1854, 1858, 1859, and 1861 a member of the Connecticut Legislature, having been chosen Speakerin the latter year ; in 1861 he was a Presidential Elector, and was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committees on Naval Affairs and Expenditures on Public Buildings, and also as Chairman of a special Committee on the Air-line Railroad from Washington to New York. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. Re elected to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Revolutionary Pensions, and the Postal Railroad to New York. Brayton, William D. — He was bom in Warwick, Kent County, Rhode Island, November 6, 1815. He was educated at Brown University, and, ill health prevent ing him from following a sedentary pro fession, he entered into active mercantile pursuits ; he held the position for some time of Town Clerk ; was elected in 1841 to the State Assembly, serving two terms ; after serving for two years in the Town Councils, part of the time as president, he was in 1848 elected to the State Senate; again elected to the State Assembly in 1851 ; elected a second time to the Senate in 1855; was Presidential Elector in 1856; and was elected a member from Rhode Island of the Thirty-fifth and Thirty- sixth Congresses, serving on the Commit tee on Patents and as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures on the Publio Buildings. Braxton, Carter.— Born on the Matta- pony river, Virginia, September 10, 1736; graduated at the College of William and Mary ; inheriting a large fortune, he spent three years in England; in 1760 he was elected to the House of Burgesses, in which he was conspicuous ; was Sheriff of King and Queen County for a time ; on the com- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 43 mencement of the war he was a member of the Committee of Safety ; was a Dele gate from Virginia to the Continental Con gress in 1776, and signed the Declaration of Independence ;¦ after that service, fre quently served in the Virginia Legislature ; and having lost his large property by the war, was subsequently greatly perplexed in his financial circumstances. Died at Richmond, Virginia, of paralysis, October 10, 1797. Breck, Daniel. — He was bom near Boston, Massachusetts, in 1788 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1812; he studied law, and removed to Kentucky in 1814; soon after commenced the practice of his profession there. His first public position in Kentucky was that of Judge of a County Court ; in 1824 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected five years ; from 1835 until 1843 he was President of the Branch Bank of Kentucky, at Richmond ; in 1840 he was a Presidential Eleotor; in 1843 he .was appointed Judge of the Su preme Court of Kentucky ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1849 to 1851, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Manufactures. The degree of LL.D was conferred upon him by the Transylvania University in 1843, and he has attained the title of Colonel in the militia service. After leav ing Congress he resumed the office of Bank President. Breck Samuel. — He was born in Bos ton, July 17, 1771 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1825, and died in Philadelphia, September 1, 1862. Breckinridge, James. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1809 to 1817. Breckinridge, James D. — He was born in Jefferson County, Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1823. He died at Louisville, May, 1849. Breckinridge, John. — Was a Virginian by birth, and the author and advocate of the celebrated " Resolutions of 1798-99" in the Legislature of that State. Emi grating to Kentucky, he was elected United States Senator in 1801, and was appointed Attorney General of the United States, by President Jefferson, in January, 1805, holding that office until January, 1806. One of his sons, Robert C. Breck inridge, is a distinguished Presbyterian divine ; another, John Cabell Breckinridge, was an eminent lawyer, and the father of Vice-President Breckinridge. He died at Lexington, Kentucky, December 14, 1806. Breckinridge, John C. — He was bom near Lexington, Kentucky, January 16, 1821; was educated at Centre College, Kentucky ; spent a few months at Prince ton ; studied law at the Transylvania Insti tute, and was admitted to the bar at Lex ington. He emigrated to Burlington, Iowa, where he remained for a time, but returned to Lexington, where he has since resided, and when not engaged in public duties has practiced his profession with success. He served as a Major of infantry during the war with Mexico, and while in that country distinguished himself as the counsel of Major General Pillow during the famous court-martial. On his return from Mexico he was elected to the State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress, from the Ashland District, from 1851 to 1855. During his administration, President Pierce tendered to him the mis- sian to Spain, but family affairs compelled him to decline the honor. He was elected Vice-President of the United States in 1856, on the ticket with James Buchanan, and entered upon the duties of his office in March, 1857, as President of the United States Senate. In 1861 he went into the Senate as the successor of Mr. Crittenden. In 1860 he was nominated by the Southern Democratic party as their candidate for President, but defeated. He was expelled from the Senate on the 4th December, 1861 ; and took part in the Great Rebellion as a General. Breese, Sidney. — He was born in Whitesborough, Oneida County, New York, July 15, 1800. He attended Hamilton Col lege, but graduated at Union College. He removed to Illinois, and after due prepara tion, and before becoming of age, was ad mitted to the bar. His first public position was that of Captain of militia, after which he became Assistant Secretary of State under Secretary Kane, and was appointed Postmaster of Kaskaskia. In 1822 he was appointed State Attorney, which office he held until 1827, when he was appointed Attorney of the United States for Illinois. In 1 829 he published a volume of Decisions of the Supreme Court, which now bears his name, and was the first octavo volume pub lished in the State ; he served in the Black Hawk war as a Lieutenant of volunteers In 1835 he was elected a Circuit Judge. He was a Senator in Congress, from Illi nois, from 1843 to 1849, and officiated as 44 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands ; he was a Regent of the Smithso nian Institute during President Polk's ad ministration. In 1850 he went into the Illinois Legislature, and was elected Speaker. He was one of the originators of the Illinois Central Railroad. In 1855 he was again placed upon the Circuit Court bench, and having been made Chief Judge, still holds the position. Brengle, Francis. — He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Died December 10, 1846. Brent, Richard. — He was born in Vir ginia ; was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia; from 1795 to 1799, and again from 1801 to 1803; and a Senator in Congress from 1809 to 1814. He died December 30, 1814. Brent, William L. — He was born in Charles County, Maryland, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1823 to 1829. Died in July, 1848. Brenton, Samuel.— He was a native of Gallatin County, Kentucky; was a minister of the Gospel from the age of twenty until 1848, when, stricken by par alysis, he resigned, and was appointed Register of the Fort Wayne Land Office. He was elected to Congress, from Indiana, in 1851, and again in 1855.' He was also President of the Fort Wayne College. He died March 29, 1857, aged forty-eight years. Brevard, James.— He was born in Ire dell County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1819 to 1821. Brewster, David P.— He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843. Bridges, George W.— Was born in McMinn County, Tennessee, October 9, 1825 ; was educated at the East Tennes see University ; adopted the profession of law ; was Attorney General of the State in 1849 and in 1654, holding the office for eleven years ; he'd the positions of Bank Attorney and Railroad Director ; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; was elected a Representative in Congress, from Ten nessee, in 186], to serve in the Thirty- seventh Congress ; but having been ar rested by the "Confederates" during the Rebellion, did not take his seat until to wards the close of the last session. Bridges, Samuel A. — He was bom in Colchester, Conneticut, January 27, 1802; received an academic education, and grad uated at Williamstown College in 1826 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1829. In 1830 he removed to Pennsyl vania ; was for seven years Deputy Attor ney General of the State for Lehigh Coun ty ; and he was a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1848 to 1849, and from 1853 to 1855. Briggs, George. — He was bom in Ful ton County, New York, in 1805, but re moved to Vermont in 1813, to the Legis lature of which State he was elected in 1837. In 1838 he settled in the City of New York, and for many years devoted himself to the hardware business, by which he amassed a fortune. He represented the City of New York in Congress, from 1849 to 1853, and in 1858 was elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Briggs, George N. — He was bom in Adams or Andover, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, April 12, 1796 ; commenced life by learning the trade of a hatter ; spent one year in an academy ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1818; was a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1831 to 1643, officiating dur ing the Twenty-seventh Congress as Chairman of the Committee on the Post Office; and from 1844 to 1851 was Gover nor of Massachusetts. From 1853 to 1859 he also held the position of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; having been a member of the State Constitutional Con vention of 1853, aud Register of Deeds from 1824 to 1831. Died in 1861. Brigham, Elijah. — He was a native of Northborough, Massachusetts ; a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1776 ; studied law at Harvard ; was a merchant by occupa tion ; held many positions of trust and re sponsibility ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1616. He died in Washington City, of croup, April 22, 1816, aged sixty-six years. Bright, Jesse D.— Bom at Norwich, Chenango County, New York, December 18, 1812 ; received an academic education, and studied law as a profession. He was Circuit Judge of Indiana, State Senator, Marshal of the United States for the Dis- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 45 trict of Indiana, and 'Lieutenant Governor of that State. He was a United States Senator from Indiana, from 1845 to 1857, and President of the Senate during several sessions. He was elected for an additional term in 1857, for six years, and was Chair man of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, and a member of the Com mittees on Finance and the Pacific Rail road. Expelled for disloyalty in February, 1862. Brinkerhoff, Henry R. — He was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania, in 1788, aud emigrated at an early period to New York. During the last war with England he served in command of a volunteer com pany, and distinguished himself at the bat tle of Queenstown. He was twice elected to the New York Legislature, and for many years held the office of Major Gene ral of the New York militia. In 1837 he removed to Ohio, and was elected to Con gress, as Representative from that State, in 1843, but died before the expiration of his term, in Huron County, Ohio, April 30, 1844. Brinkerhoflv Jacob. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1843 to 1847. Bristow, F. M. — Born near Nicholas- ville, Jessamine County, Kentucky, Au gust 11, 1804 ; received a good English ed ucation ; studied law, but divided his time between that profession and farming ; in 1831 and 1833 he was elected to the Ken tucky Legislature ; in 1846 to the State Senate ; in 1849 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention ; in 1853 was elected a Representative in Congress for the unexpired term of Presley Ewing ; and in 1859 was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture and of the Special Committee of Thirty- three. Died at Elktou, Kentucky, June 10, 1864. Broadhead, John C. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833, and again from 1837 to 1839. Brockenbrough, William H. — Born in 1813 ; he originally went to Florida for the benefit of his health, which, during his residence there, was a continual depression upon his physical and mental energies. He, however, held no undistinguished po sition as a citizen, having been, under the Territorial government, a Senator from the Western District, and at one time Presi dent of the Senate, also United States Dis trict Attorney, and a Representative in Congress, from Florida, from 1845 to 1847. He was* also a Presidential Elector on sev, eral occasions ; and he died in Tallahassee, Florida, in June 1850, of pulmonary con sumption. Brockway, John H. — Born in Elling ton, Connecticut; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1820 ; he commenced active life by teaching the academy at East Windsor Hill ; he studied law, and has been de voted to the practice of the profession ever since. He has frequently served in the two Houses of the State Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1839 to 1843. Broderick, David C. — Born in the District of Columbia, of Irish parentage, in December, 1818; when a boy of five years removed to New York City with his father ; during his youth he was appren ticed to the trade of a stonecutter, which was the trade of his father ; was for many years foreman of a fire-engine company in New York, during which period he was an active politician ; removed to California in 1849, and engaged in the business of smelting and assaying gold ; was a mem ber of the Convention which draughted the Constitution of that State ; served two years in the California Senate, and was President of that body in 1851 ; and he was elected a Senator in Congress, from California, in 1856, for the long term, taking his seat during the second session of the Thirty -fourth Congress. Died in San Francisco, California, September 16, 1859, from a wound received in a duel fought with David S. Terry, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of that State, on the 13th of the same month. He was the first member of the United States Senate ever killed in a duel ; and it is said that some of the marble pillars in the old Senate Chamber, where he had a seat, were cut by his own father. Brodhead, John. — He was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church for forty-four years, and a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1829 to 1833. He died at New Market, New Hampshire, April 7, 1838, aged sixty-seven years. Brodhead, Richard. — He was a native of Pike County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1349, and a Senator of the United States 46 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. from 1851 to 1857, from Pennsylvania. Died at Easton, Pennsylvania, September 17, 1863. Bromwell, Henry P. H— BdVn in Baltimore, Maryland, August 26, 1823 spent seven years of his boyhood in Ohio went with his father to Illinois in 1836 received a good English and classical edu cation; studied law, came to the bar in 1853, and practiced in different parts of the State; from 1852 to 1854 he was the publisher and editor of the ' ' Age of Steam and Fire," at Vandalia; in 1853 he was elected Judge of Fayette County for four years; was a Presidential Elector in 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Representa tive, from Illinois, to the Thirty-ninth Congiess, serving on the Committees on Patents and Expenses in the State Depart ment. Bronson, David. — Bom in Suffield, Connecticut; graduated at Dartmouth Col lege in 1819 ; studied law and admitted to the bar in 1 823 ; was a member of the Legislature, as Representative, in 1832 and 1834, and as Senator in 1846; and was a Representative in Congress, from Norridgewoek, Maine, from 1841 to 1843, and served as a member of the Committee on Public Lands. From 1850 to 1853, he was Collector of Customs at Bath, Maine ; and from 1854 to 1857 was Judge of Pro bate for Sagadahock County. Died in Talbot County, Maryland, in November, 1863. Bronson, Isaac H. — Born in Rutland, New York, October 16, 1802, and died at Pilatka, Florida, August 13, 1855. He was educated for the bar, and admitted to practice in 1622 ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1839, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Territories, when he was appointed one of the Territorial Judges of Florida, and from that time until his death he served continually on the bench— at the time of his death being District Judge of the United States for Northern Florida. Brooke, Walter.— He was a Senator in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1852 to 1853, in place of H. S. Foote, resigned. Brooks, David. — Was born in 1736 ; entered the army in 1776 as a Lieutenant in the Pennsylvania line; was captured at Fort Washington, and remained a prisoner for two years. Upon being exchanged, he was promoted Assistant Clothier General at headquarters, an office of responsibility, which he so filled as to secure the friend ship of Washington. After the close of the war he removed to New York, and afterwards settled in Dutchess County, representing each locality in the State Legislature. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from May, 1797, to July, 1797 ; a Commissioner for making the first treaty with the Seneca Indians, (signed where the city of Utica now stands, ) and subsequently first Judge of Dutchess County for sixteen years. He died at his home, where he was universally esteemed, in August, 1838. Brooks, James. — He was born in Port land, Maine, November 10, 1810. When only eleven years old he became a clerk in a store ; when sixteen was a school teacher, and at the age of nearly twenty-one he graduated at the Waterville College. He has been an extensive traveller both in this country and Europe, and has published a large number of letters descriptive of his tours. In 1835 he was elected to the Legislature of Maine ; in 1836 he estab lished the " New York Daily Express," of which he has since been the chief editor and proprietor; in 1847 he was elected a member of the New York Legislature, and from 1849 to 1853 he was a Representative in Congress, from the city of New York, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees of Ways and Means and the Pacific Railroad, but his seat was suc cessfully contested by W. E. Dodge. Brooks, Micah. — He was born in Cheshire, Connecticut, in 1775 ; was edu cated by his father, with whom he removed to Western New York, and where he taught school. He settled on a farm, but was a Justice of the Peace in 1806, and for twenty years thereafter he was a County Judge. He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1808 and 1809 ; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817 ; a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1821 ; and a Presidential Elector in 1824. He died in Livingston County, New York, July 7, 1857. Brooks, Preston S. — He was born in Edgefield District, South Carolina, in Au gust, 1819; graduated at the South Caro lina College in 1839 ; studied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1343, and was a State Representative in 1844. In 1846 he BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 47 raised a company of volunteers, was made Captain, and served in the Palmetto Regi ment during most of the Mexican war. After the war he devoted himself to plant ing. He was elected to Congress in 1853, and again in 1855. In 1856 he made a personal assault upon Charles Sumner, in the United States Senate Chamber, which event caused much excitement throughout the country. The attack was caused by words uttered in debate by Senator Sum ner against Senator Butler, who was Mr. Brooks's relative. Mr. Brooks died in Wash ington, District of Columbia, January 27, 1857, of acute inflammation of the throat. Broom, Jacob. — He was born in Balti more, Maryland, July 25, 1808; received a classical education ; on removing to Pennsylvania, was appointed, in 1840, Deputy Auditor of that State; in 1849 he was elected Clerk of the Orphans' Court for the City and County of Philadelphia ; aud was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Died in Washington in November, 1864. Broomall, John M. — Was born in Up per Chichester, Delaware County, Penn sylvania, January 19, 1816; received a common school education ; studied law, and has been devoted to that profession ; has served in the Legislature of the State ; was a Presidential Elector in 1861 ; and in 1862 was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, and was a member of the Commit tees on Accounts and Public Expenditures. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Ex penditures and on Accounts. Broome, James M. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1805 to 1807. Graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1794. Brown, Aaron V. — Born in Bruns wick County, Virginia, August 15, 1795. He graduated at Chapel Hill University in 1814, and in 1815 removed with his parents to Tennessee, where he devoted himself to the study of law ; and when admitted to practice, became a partsta of the late James K. Polk, in Giles County, serving in the mean time for a number of years in the Legislature of Tennessee. In 1839 he was elected a member of Congress, from Tennessee, and re-elected in 1841 and 1843. On his retirement from Congress, in 1845, he was elected Governor of Tennessee; and he was at all times considered one of the most faithful and industrious leaders of the Democratic party in Tennessee. His last position was that of Postmaster Gene ral in the cabinet of President Buchanan. Among the measures which marked his administration of our postal affairs may be mentioned the establishment of a new and shorter oceanic communication to Califor nia, by Tehuantepec ; of the great overland mail from Memphis and St. Louis to San Francisco, and another, across the conti nent, by the way of Salt Lake. His speeches, Congressional and political, were published at Nashville, in 1854. He died in Washington, March 8, 1859. Brown, Albert G. — He was bom in Chester District, South Carolina, May 31 , 1813; taken to Mississippi when a boy; adopted the law as a profession; was a member of the State Legislature from 1835 to 1839 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Mississippi, in 1840 and 1841. He was also a Judge of the Circuit Supe rior Court in 1852 and 1853 ; Governor of Mississippi from 1844 to 1848; was again elected a Representative in Congress, from 1848 to 1854 ; was elected a United States Senator from 1854 to 1858 ; and re-elected for six years, commencing March 4, 1859, but was expelled in March, 1861, and joined the Great Rebellion. He was Chair man of the Committee on the District of Columbia in the Thirty-fifth Congress, and a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs and that of Enrolled Bills. His collected speeches were published in one volume in 1859. Brown, Anson.- — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, during the years 1839 and 1840, and died at Ballston, New York, June 21, 1840, much respected for his character and acquirements. Brown, Bedford.— Born in Caswell County, North Carolina, in 1795 ; was elected to the House of Commons, of that State, in 1815, in which capacity he served many years ; and was a Senator in Con gress, from that State, from 1829 to 1841, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture during several sessions. He was subsequently elected to the Gene ral Assembly, and at the end of his term retired to private life. He was first elected to the Senate by one majority, and, to a great extent, by a mere accident; but, having acquitted himself with ability, was re-elected by a large majority. Brown, Benjamin. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachusetts, 48 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. from 1815 to 1817, having served in the State Legislature in 1809, 1811, and 1812. Brown, B. Gratz. — Born in Lexing ton, Kentucky, May 28, 1826 ; graduated at the Transylvania University in 1645., and at Yale College in 1847; studied law in Louisville, and settled at St. Louis, Mis souri ; was a member of the Legislature of that State from 1852 to 1858; assisted in establishing the Missouri "Democrat," and edited that journal from 1854 to 1859. A speech that he delivered in the Legisla ture, in 1857, was the initial movement in behalf of freedom in that State. When the war broke out, in 1861, he volunteered and raised a regiment, which assisted in the capture of Camp Jackson, and which he commanded during its term of service. He subsequently commanded a Brigade of Militia during an invasion of the State. His efforts in behalf of freedom were con tinued during the progress of the rebellion, and he was foremost in organizing the movements which resulted in the ordinance of freedom in 1864. He was elected a Senator in Congress from Missouri for the term commencing in 1803 and ending in 1867, serving on the Committees on Mili tary Affairs, Pacific Railroad, Indian Af fairs, Public Buildings and Ground-*, Printing, and as Chairman of the Commit tee on Contingent Expenses of the Senate, and, subsequently, on the death of S. Foot, as Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. John Brown, formerly a Senator from Kentucky, was his grandfather. Brown, Charles. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1643, and again from 1847 to 1619. He subsequently held the office of Collector of the Port of Philadelphia. Brown, Elias. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maryland, from 1829 to 1831. Brcwn, Ethan A. — He was Governor of Ohio from 1818 to 1822, and from 1822 to 1825 a Senator in Congress, from that State, serving as a member of the Judi ciary Committee. He was also, for several years, a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio. Brown, George H. — He was born in New Jersey ; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1828 ; adopted the profession of law; was a member of the Convention which formed the State Constitution of 1844; and was a Representative in Con gress, from New Jersey, from 1851 to 1853. Brown, James.— He was born in Vir ginia, October, 1766; studied law; settled first in Mississippi, at Natchez; and was appointed, by President Jefferson, Secre tary of the Territory of Louisiana, after its acquisition. This led him to New Or leans, which became his home. He was appointed United States Attorney for the District of Louisiana, and rose to a high rank at the bar. He was chosen to the United States Senate, from Louisiana, and served from 18J2 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1824, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and, having resigned, was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to France. He remained five years abroad, and subsequently settled in Philadelphia, where he died of apoplexy, April 7, 1835. Brown, James S. — He was born in Hampden, Maine, February 1, 1824; re moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1840, where he studied law, and in 1844 took up his permanent residence in Milwaukie, Wis consin* In 1846 he was chosen Prosecut ing Attorney for Milwaukee County; in 1848 he was elected Attorney General of the State; in 1861 was Mayor of Mil waukee ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee of Elections. Brown, Jeremiah. — He was born in Pennsylvania in 1776 ; served in the Legis lature of that State, as a member of one or two State Conventions ; was the first As sociate Judge, elected by the people, and a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1341 to 1845. Died at Lan caster, March 2, 1848. Brown, John. — He was a Delegate, from Virginia, to the Continental Congress, from 1787 to 1788. Brown, John. — He was bom in Rock bridge, Virginia, in 1757; was chosen a Representative^ Congress from a western district of Virginia, serving in that capa city from 1789 to 1793; he subsequently removed to Kentucky and settled at Frank fort; from 1793 to 1805 he represented Kentucky in the Senate of the United States, and during the first session of the Eighth Congress officiated as President pro tern, of that body. He was a warm supporter and personal friend of President BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 49 Jefferson through life. Died at Frankfort, Kentucky, August 28, 1837. Brown, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1799 to 1801. Brown, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maryland, from 1809 to 1810. Brown, John. — He was bom in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 1825. Brown, John W. — He was born in Scotland, and was a Representative in Congress, from Orange County, New York, from 1833 to 1837, and was a member of the Committees on Invalid Pensions. Ter ritories, and Expenditures on Public Build ings. ' Brown, Milton. — He was born in Ohio, and on taking up his residence in Tennes see, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1847. Brown, Robert. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1798 to 1815. Brown, Titus. — He was bom in Che shire, New Hampshire ; was a member of the Legislature of New Hampshire, from 1820 to 1825 ; was elected a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1825 to 1829, serving as a member of the Committee on the Memorial of the Legis lature of Tennessee. In 1 842 he was elect ed to the State Senate and made President, and he also held the offices of Solicitor of Hillsborough County, from 1823 to 1825, and from 1829 to 1834, and Railroad Com missioner. Died at Francistown, New Hampshire, January 31, 1849, aged sixty- three years. Brown, William. — He was bom in Frederick County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1819 to 1823. Brown, William G. — He was born in Preston County, Virginia, September 25, 1801 ; received a good English education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1823; in 1832 he was elected to the Legislature of Virginia, and served in that capacity again from 1840 to 1843. He was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1845 to 1849; in 1850 he was a member of the Virginia State Convention ; in 1860 a delegate to the Charleston Con vention, and also to that held in Baltimore ; he was also a Delegate to the Virginia Con vention of 1861, and opposed the action of the secessionists ; and on his return home he was elected a. Representative to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and the Mili tia ; and in 1863 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress as a Representa tive from West Virginia, and served on the Committee of Claims. Brown, William J. — He was born in Kentucky, in 1805. He emigrated to In diana in 1821 , and was at one time Secre tary of State for Indiana, and a member of the State Legislature ; a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1849 to 1851 ; he was also Assistant Postmaster General under President Polk ; editor of the Indiana Sen tinel ; State Librarian of Indiana ; and, at the time of his death, Special Agent of the Post Office Department for Indiana and Hlinois. He died near Indianapolis, March 18, 1857. Browne, George H. — Was born in Gloucester, Rhode Island, in 1818; was left an orphan at an early age, but man aging to obtain a common school education by his own exertions, graduated at Brown University in 1840. He studied law, but soon entering into politics, was elected to both the Charter and Suffrage Legislatures of his State in 1842 ; was admitted to the bar in 1844; was again elected to the Rhode Island Legislature, and re-elected until 1852; during that year he was ap pointed, by President Pierce, United States Attorney for Rhode Island ; was re-appoint ed by President Buchanan, which office he held until elected a Representative from Rhode Island to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee of Elec tions. He was also a Delegate to the Charleston and Baltimore Conventions, and to the Peace Congress of 1861. Browning, Orville H. — He was born in Harrison County, Kentucky ; after ac quiring a good English education, he re moved to Bracken County, and, while per forming the duties of a Clerk in the office of the County and Circuit Clerk, went through a course of classical studies at Au gusta College. He studied law, and on being admitted to the bar in 1831 settled in Quincy, Illinois, where he subsequently resided. He served through the Black Hawk war in 1832 ; in 1836 he was elected 50 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. a Senator in the Illinois Legislature, and served in that capacity four years ; in 1840 he was elected to the lower house, serving two years ; and, in conjunction with his friend Abraham Lincoln, he was mainly instrumental in forming the Republican party of Illinois at the .Bloomington Con vention. He was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of I860, and was a warm supporter of the Government during the Rebellion. On the death of S. A. Douglas, in 1861, he was appointed a Senator in Congress to fill the vacancy until the subsequent election of W. A. Richardson, in 1663. On the organization of the National Union Executive Commit tee, in June, 1866, he became an active member of the same, and on the retire ment of James Harlan as Secretary of the Interior, on the 1st of September, 1866, he entered President Johnson's Cabinet as Secretary of the Interior Department. Brownson, Nathan. — He graduated at Yale College in 1761, and was a Delegate from Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1776. He was also one of the Governors of Georgia before the adop tion of the Federal Constitution. Died in 1796. Bruce, Phineas. — He was a graduate of Yale College in 1766 ; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1792, 1793, 1796, and 1600, and elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1603 to 1605. Brush, Henry.— He was bom in Dutch ess County, New York, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1819 to 1821. Bruyn, Andrew D. W. — Born in New York, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1838, and died at Ithaca in July, 1636, before the expiration of his temi. Bryan, Guy M.— Was bom in Missouri, June 12, 1821 ; received a liberal education and studied law ; bore a part in the mili tary campaign of Texas in 1636; in 1846 he went to the Rio Grande, under General Taylor ; in 1 847 was elected to the Texas Legislature, and served in the House and Senate seven years; and was elected a Representative from Texas to the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. Bryan, Henry H. — Born in Martin County, North Carolina, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1819 to 1823, and was a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. He died in Montgomery County, of that State, in May, 1835. Bryan, John H. — He was born in New- bem County, North Carolina, in 1798, and graduated at the University of North Caro lina in 1615. He was a lawyer by pro fession, served a number of years in the State Legislature, and was a member of Congress, from North Carolina-, from 1825 to 1627. Bryan, Joseph. — He was elected a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1603 to 1806. Bryan, Joseph H. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1815 to 1619. Biyan, Nathan. — Born in Jones Coun ty, North Carolina, and in 1791 represented that County in the House of Commons. He was a member of Congress, from North Carolina, from 1795 to 1796, and died at Philadelphia, June 4, during the latter year. He was a prominent man among the Baptists, and a most exemplary Chris tian. Bryde, Archibald M.— Bom in Moore County, North Carolina, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 18U9 to 1613, and subsequently a- member of the State Senate for two years. Buchanan, Andrew. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. Buchanan, James. — Bom in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1791. After a regular course of classical educa tion he studied and practiced law in Lan caster, Pennsylvania. In 1814 he was elected to the State Legislature of Penn sylvania, and re-elected the next year. In lt21 he entered Congress as a Representa tive from the Lancaster District, where he continued until 1S31, when he declined a re-election. In 1632 he was appointed Minister to Russia by President Jackson, and on his return from that mission, in 1634, he was elected by the Pennsylvania Legislature to the Senate of the United States, to fill the unexpired terrn of Wil liam Wilkins. who had resigned. He was re-elected in 1637, and agaiu in 1843. In 184o he resigned his seat in the Senate, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 51 and became Secretary of State, and the head of the Cabinet of President Polk. At the close of that eventful administration he retired to private life at his residence of "Wheatland," near Lancaster ; but he was summoned again to the public service m 1853, when he accepted the appointment, from President Pierce, of Minister of the United States to the Court of St. James. Having resigned this office, he returned home in 1856, and in the summer of that year received the Democratic nomination for President of the United States. In the following November he was elected to that position, and in March, 1857, he entered upon its duties, and served until the com mencement of the Rebellion in 1861. In 1865 he published a book giving a history of the close of his administration. Bucher, John C. — He was for many years a Judge of the Circuit Court of Pennsylvania; a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1831 to 1833 ; and died in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, October 26, 1851. Buck, Daniel. — He was a lawyer by profession, and one of the earliest settlers in Vermont, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1795 to 1797, and died in 1817. He was the father of the Hon. Daniel A. A. Buck. Buck Daniel Azro A. — He was born in Vermont in 1789 ; graduated at Middle- bury College in 1807, and also at the West Point Military Academy in 1808, when he entered the army. He resigned his com mission in 1811 ; was reappointed as a Cap tain in the army in 1813, but finally left the military profession in 1815. He then established himself as a lawyer at Chelsea, Vermont, and was for fourteen years a member of the State Legislature, officiat ing about half of that time as Speaker of the lower house. He filled the office of State Attorney for Orange County for six years; in 1821 he was a Presidential Elec tor; was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1827 to 1829; and was subsequently connected with the Indian Bureau of the War Department in Washington, where he died December 24, 1841. Buckalew, Charles R. — Was born in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, Decem ber 28, 1821 ; adopted the profession of law, and was admitted to practice in 1843 ; was Prosecuting Attorney for his native County from 1845 to 1847 ; was a Senator in the State Legislature from 1850 to 1856; in 1854 he was a Commissioner to exchange the ratifications of a Treaty with Paraguay ; was a Senatorial Presidential Elector in 1856; in 1857 was Chairman of the State Democratic Committee, and during the same year was re-elected to the State Sen ate, and also appointed a Commissioner to revise the Penal 'Code of Pennsylvania ; in 1858 resigned the two latter positions, and was appointed by President Buchanan Resident Minister to Ecuador, returning home in 1861. In 1863 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Pennsylvania, by a majority of one vote, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs, Post Offices and Post Roads, Pensions, Mines and Mining, For eign Relations, and Contingent Expenses of the Senate, and also as Chairman of the Committee on Ventilation. Buckland, Ralph P. — Born in Leyden, Massachusetts, January 20, 1812, and was removed to Ohio in the same year; was educated at Kenyon College, but did not graduate ; studied law and came to the bar in 1837 ; was elected to the Senate of Ohio in 1855 and 1857, serving four years; in 1861 was appointed Colonel of the Seventy- second Ohio infantry, and fought in the battle of Shiloh as the commander of a brigade ; was made a Brigadier General in the winter of 1862-63, and in that capa city fought at Vicksburg ; was subsequently in command of the District of Memphis, and during his absence in the field in 1864 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency and on the Militia. Buckner, Alexander. — He emigrated from Indiana to Missouri in 1818; was a member of the Convention which formed the Constitution of that State ; served sev eral years in the State Legislature ; and was a Senator in Congress, from Missouri, from 1831 to 1833, and died in May, 1633. His term would have expired in 1837. He was a member of the Committees on Pen sions and on Engrossed Bills. Buckner, Aylett. — He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Buckner, Richard A. — Born in Fau quier County, Virginia, 1763 ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1823 to 1829; a Presidential Elector in 1841; and died at his residence in Greensburg, Kentucky, December 8, 1847. 52 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Buel, Alexander H. — Bom in Fair field, Herkimer County, New York; re ceived a limited education ; was a promi nent and successful merchant ; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1850 until the time of his death, which occurred in Washington City, January 30, 1853. Buel, Alexander W. — Was born in Rutland County, Vermont, in 1813 ; grad uated at the Vermont University in 1831 ; taught school for several years in Vermont and New York, during which period he prepared himself for the practice of the law. In 1834 he took up his residence in Michi gan ; in 1836 was Attorney for the City of Detroit; in 1837 was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1643 and 1844 was Prose cuting Attorney for Wayne County; in 1647 was again elected to the Legislature ; and from 1849 to 1651 was a Representative in Congress from Michigan, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Bnffmgton, Joseph. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Buffinton, James. — Bom in Fall River, Massachusetts, March 16, 1817; educated at the Friends College, Provi dence; served for a time in a "factory at Fall River; studied medicine, and went upon a whaling voyage ; afterwards be came a merchant by occupation ; was Mayor of the City of Fall River during the years 1654 and 1655 ; and was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty -fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Af fairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Accounts. Bufium, Joseph, Jr. — He was born in Fitehburg, Massachusetts; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1806; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1819 to 1821, and a mem ber of the Committees on Expenditures in the Navy Department, and on Public Buildings. Bugg, Robert M. — He was bom in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1853 to 1855. Bull, John. — He was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Con gress from 1784 to 1787. Bull, John. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Missouri, from 1833 to 1635. Billiard, Henry Adams. — Born in Groton, Massachusetts, September 9, 1788 ; was educated at Harvard University, and graduated in 1807. He was a lawyer by profession, but his knowledge of the mod ern languages brought him in contact with General Toledo, in Philadelphia, who was organizing an expedition to revolutionize New Mexico. He joined him as his aid and military secretary, and spent the win ter of 1812 with him at Nashville, and ac companied him into New Mexico in the spring. They were defeated in a pitched battle by the royal troops at San Antonio, and suffered severe hardships, but he man aged to reach Natchitoches, and there re mained and commenced the practice of his profession. In 1 822 he was elected to a seat on the District Court Bench, and per formed its duties for several years. In 1831 was chosen a Representative in Con gress from Louisiana, and served till 1834 ; he was then elevated to the Supreme Bench of Louisiana, and filled the office until 1846, with the exception of a few months in 1839, when he acted as Secretary of State. He then removed to New Orleans. In 1847 was appointed Professor of the Civil Law in the Law School of Louis iana, and delivered two courses of lectures. In 1650 he was elected to the Legislature, and a few weeks after was chosen to fill a vacancy in Congress, occasioned by the resignation of C. M. Conrad, and served again in the House of Representatives one year. On his return journey homeward he was prostrated by fatigue and exposure ; he lingered three weeks, and died in New Orleans, April 17, 1851. Bulloch, William B. — Bom in Geor gia in 1776 ; was a lawyer by profession, being a prominent member of the bar as early as 1800. In 18U9 he was Mayor of Savannah, and subsequently Collector of that port. He was United States Senator from Georgia in 1613; and in 1816 was chosen President of the Bank of Georgia, of which he was one of the founders, and held the office twenty-seven years. He died in Savannah, Georgia, March 6, 1852. Bullock, Archibald.— He was a Dele gate from Georgia to the Continental Con gress from 1775 to 1776. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 53 Bullock, Stephen. — Born in Massa chusetts ; was a member of the Conven tion which formed the Constitution of that State ; frequently served in the State Leg islature ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1797 to 1799. He subsequently became Judge of the Common Pleas for Bristol County, and served in the State Senate and as a mem ber of the Executive Council of Massachu setts. He died in 1816, in Massachusetts, aged eighty-one years. Bullock, Wingfield. — He was elected a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, during the years 1820 and 1821. Died October 13, 1821, before taking his seat. Bunch, Samuel. — Was born in 1786. He commanded a regiment in the Indian war, under General Andrew Jackson, and in the charge of the battle of the Horse shoe, was the first or second man over the breastworks of the enemy. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ten nessee, from 1833 to 1837; and died in Granger County, Tennessee, September 5, 1849. Bundy, Hezekiah S. — Born in Mari etta, Ohio, August 15, 1817 ; received a plain education, and his father having been killed by the falling of a tree when he was a mere boy, he took upon himself the sup port of the family ; was in the mercantile business as clerk and proprietor from 1835 to 1846 ; after that he turned his attention to farming, and in 1854 became connected with the furnace business. During all these avocations he studied law, and came to the bar in 1850 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1848 ; re-elected in 1 850 ; in 1855 chosen a State Senator; was a Presidential elector in 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and Weights and Measures. Bunner, Rudolph. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829, and died at Otsego, July 23, 1837, aged fifty-eight years. Burch, John Chilton. — Bora in Boone County, Missouri, February 1, 1826 ; re ceived a liberal education and studied law ; held the position of Military Secretary to the Governor of Missouri ; in 1850 he emi grated to California, and turned his atten tion to mining ; in 1853 he was elected District Attorney for his County, and com menced the practice of law ; in 1856 was returned to the Assembly, and in 1857 to the State Senate, where he remained until 1859, when he was elected a Representa tive, from California, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Agriculture, and of the Special Committee of Thirty-three. Burd, George. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1835, and died at Bedford, Pennsyl vania, January 13, 1844, aged fifty years. Burges, Tristam. — Born in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, February 26, 1770, and died in Rhode Island, October 13, 1853. He graduated at the Rhode Island College ; studied law and taught school at the same time ; commenced the practice of his profession in Providence, and ac quired great influence and distinction as an advocate ; in 1811 was elected Chief Justice of Rhode Island ; occupied the Chair of Oratory in Brown University ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1825 to 1835. He acquired great reputation by a parliamen tary contest with John Randolph, and left behind him many interesting pamphlets on political and literary subjects. His char acteristics as a debater were withering sar casm, combined with fervid eloquence and rare reasoning power. Burgess, Dempsey. — He was a mem ber of the Provincial Congress of North Carolina ; a Lieutenant Colonel of the mi litia ; and a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1795 to 1798. Burke, Edanus. — He was bom in Gal- way, Ireland, and came to America at the beginning of the Revolution. In 1778 he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of South Carolina, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1789 to 1791. He was an earnest Repub lican, and died at Charleston, March 30, 1802, aged fifty-nine years. He published a pamphlet against the Order of the Cin cinnati ; and because he would not resign his Judgeship on being elected to Congress, the Legislature passed a law prohibiting any State Judge from leaving the State, and he resigned his seat in Congress. Burke, Edmund. — Bom in Westmin ster, Vermont, January 23, 1 809 ; was ed ucated by private tutors ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1829 ; and re moved to New Hampshire in 1833, where he established, in Sullivan County, the 54 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. ' ' New Hampshire Argus, " which he edited a number of years. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1839 to 1845, and was Chairman of the Committee on the Library, and a mem ber of the Committees on Commerce and Claims ; and, by President Polk, was ap pointed Commissioner of Patents in Wash ington. Burke, Thomas. — He was born in Ire land in 1747 ; when about seventeen years of age he left Ireland, and settled in Acco mac County, Virginia, where he resided some years, engaged in the study and prac tice of medicine. He subsequently changed his profession for that of law, removed to Norfolk and practiced. In 1772 he re moved to Hillsborough, Orange County, North Carolina. He first attracted public attention in Virginia by his writings in op position to the Stamp Act, and in North Carolina participated in the formation of the Constitution for that State. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1761. In the latter year he was chosen Governor of North Carolina. While in that position he was seized by the Tories as a prisoner of State, and, being trans ferred to Charleston, he was sent by Gen eral Leslie to James' Island on parole, where he was detained as a hostage ; and, becoming exasperated, after four months' imprisonment, he determined to escape, in which purpose he was successful. He ad dressed a letter to General Leslie, inform ing him of his reasons for withdrawing, but considered himself subject to the dis posal of the British authority. An ex change was effected by General Greene, and he returned to his position as Gover nor. He retired from public life the next year, and died near Hillsborough, Decem ber 2, 1763. Burleigh, Walter A— He was a Del egate from the Territory of Dakota to the Thirty-ninth Congiess. Burleigh, William. — He was born in Rockingham, New Hampshire, bred a law yer, and was a Representative in Congress, from South Berwick, York county, Maine, for two terms, from 1623 to 1827,' and was a member of the Committee on Expendi tures in the State Department. Died in July, 1827. Burlingame, Anson. — Born in New Berlin, Chenango County, New York, No vember 14, 1622. His youth was spent on the Western frontiers, at one time acting with surveying parties, and at another par ticipating in the making of Indian treaties, far beyond the confines of civilization. He laid the foundation of his education at the Branch University of Michigan, but re moving to Massachusetts, he entered Har vard University, where he received a de gree in 1846. He studied law and prac ticed in Boston. In 1 852 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1853 was a mem ber of the Convention for revising the Con stitution of Massachusetts. He was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Con gress ; was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same committee. In 1861 he was ap pointed by President Lincoln Minister to Austria, and subsequently to China. Burnell, Barker. — He was a native of Nantucket. When only twenty-two years of age he was chosen a member of the House of Representatives in his native Commonwealth. A few years later he passed into the Senatorial body, where, in spite of his youth, he became a leading member. He sat also in the Convention which framed the present Constitution of Massachusetts ; took an active part in the Harrisburg Convention of 1840; and served as a Representative in Congiess, from Massachusetts, from 1841 to 1843. He died in Washington, District of Colum bia, June 4, 1843, aged forty-five years. Burnett, Jacob.— Was born in Newark, New Jersey, on the 22d of February, 1770. He was a graduate of Princeton College in 1791 ; was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of New Jersey in 1796, and removed to Cincinnati immediately there after, where he continued to reside until his death. During the first twenty years of that residence he devoted himself to the practice of his profession, and was ranked among the most distinguished members of the bar. When the second grade of the Territorial government was established, in 1799, he was appointed, by President Adams, a member of the Legislative Coun cil, which appointment he held till the establishment of the State government of Ohio, in the winter of 1802-3. He was a member of the State Legislature during the war _ of 1812, and took an active part m sustaining the measures proposed in that body to aid the General Government in maintaining the contest. In 1821 he was appointed one of the Judges of the Su preme Court of Ohio, which commission he resigned in December, 1828, and was immediately afterwards elected to the BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 55 Senate of the United States, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of his friend General Harrison, serving until 1831. In the same year he was chosen, by the Legislature of the State of Ken tucky, one of the Commissioners to settle the matters in controversy between that State and the Commonwealth of Virginia, in regard to the complaints of the latter against the statute of limitation. He was the first President of the Astronomical Society of Cincinnati, and still continued, in 1852, an active member of that institu tion. He was for many years , the Presi dent of the Colonization Society of Hamil ton Connty, President of the Board of Trustees of the Medical College of Ohio, and President of the Board of Trustees of the Cincinnati College, and, upon the nomination by Lafayette, had been elected a member of the French Academy. In 1847 he published a volume entitled ' ' Notes on the Early Settlement of the Northwest- em Territory," which is considered as con taining much interesting information, espe cially as to Ohio, the progress of which he witnessed from a Territory. He died at Cincinnati in 1853. Burnett, Henry C— Born in Essex County, Virginia, October 5, 1825 ; studied law as a profession, and practiced in Ken tucky ; was Clerk of the Circuit Court of Trigg County, in that State, from 1851 to 1853, and a Representative in the Thirty- fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. He was Chairman, during the first session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, of the Commit tee of Inquiry in regard to the sale of Fort Snelling, and a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and also to the Thirty-seventh, but was expelled for treasonable conduct in December, 1861. Burnett, William. — He graduated at Princeton College in 1749, and was a Delegate, from New Jersey, to the Conti nental Congress in 1780 and 1781 . Died in 1791. Buraham, Alfred A.— Born in Wind ham, Windham County, Connecticut, March 8, 1819 ; prepared himself for col lege at the Suffield Literary Institution; taught school for a while, and spent one year at Washington College, which he left for want of .means ; studied law, and was admitted to" the bar in 1843 ; was elected to the Connecticut Legislature in 1844 and 1845 ; was Clerk of the State Senate in 1846 ; and was subsequently appointed Judge of Probate for the District of Dan- bury. In 1850 he was again elected to the State Legislature ; in 1857 Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut ; in 1858 again elected to the Legislature and made Speaker ; and in 1859 was elected a Rep resentative, from Connecticut, to the Thir ty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Patents. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on Committee on Foreign Affairs. Burns, Joseph.— Born in Waynesbo- rough, Augusta County, Virginia, March 11, 1800 ; was educated at the Ohio Union Schools ; was by trade a hatter and then a farmer; filled various County and State offices ; and was elected, from the State of Ohio, a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress. He was a member of the Com mittees on Expenditures in the Post Office Department and on Invalid Pensions. Burns, Robert. — He was born in New Hampshire ; served three years in the State Legislature as Senator and Representative, and was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1833 to 1837. Died at Plymouth, New Hampshire, June 20, 1866. Burnside, Thomas. — Was an Asso ciate Judge of the Supreme Court of Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1815 to 1816, when he resigned. He died at German- town, Pennsylvania, March 25, 1827. « Burr, Aaron. — He was born in Newark, New Jersey, February 6, 1756. He grad uated at Princeton College in 1772, at the age of sixteen : in 1775, in his twentieth year, he joined the American army under Washington, at Cambridge ; accompanied General Arnold as a private soldier in his expedition against Quebec; after his ar rival there, he acted as an aide-de-camp to General Montgomery; and on his return, in 1776, General Washington invited him to join his family at headquarters. Some circumstances soon took place by which he forever lost the confidence of Washing ton ; and the hostility of the former to the latter, from that time, was undisguised and unmitigated. In 1777 he was appointed Lieutenant Colonel, and distinguished him self as an able and brave officer ; but in March, 1779, he was, on account of the state of his health, compelled to resign his office and retire from military life. He then devoted himself to the study of law ; commenced practice at Albany in 1782, but soon removed to the city of New York ; he became distinguished in his profession ; 56 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS was appointed Attorney General of New York in 1789 ; from 1791 to 1797 he was a member of the United States Senate, and bore a conspicuous part as a leader of the Democratic or Republican party. At the election of President of the United States for the fourth Presidential term Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr had each seventy- three votes, and the choice was decided by Congress, on the thirty-sixth ballot, in favor of Jefferson for President, and Burr for Vice-President. " On the 12th of July, 1804, Colonel Burr gave Alexander Hamil ton, long his professional rival and politi cal opponent, a mortal wound in a duel. He soon after conceived the project of his enterprise in the Western country of the United States ; for which he was at length apprehended and brought to Richmond, in August, 1807, on a charge of treason ; and after a long trial was acquitted. He after wards returned to the city of New York, practiced law to some extent, but passed the remainder of his life in comparative obscurity and neglect. He was of small stature, yet he had a lofty mien, a military air, a remarkably brilliant eye, and a striking appearance. He possessed dis tinguished talents and many accomplish ments. He died on Staten Island, New York, September 14, 1836. Burrill, James. — He was born in Provi dence, Rhode Island, April 25, 1772; grad uated at Brown University in 1788 ; studied law, devoted himself to its practice, and was Attorney General of the Stat» of Rhode Island from 1797 to 1813; was a member and Speaker of the Assembly in 1814 ; and was Chief Justice of the State in 1816. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1816, and served as a member of the Committees on the Judiciary, on Com merce, on Manufactures, and on Accounts. He died at Washington, before the expira tion of his term, December 25, 1820. He was considered an able scholar and a wise judge. Burroughs, Silas M. — He was born in New York ; served four years in the Legislature of that State, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, from New York, and was a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, and died at Medina, New York, June 3, 1860. Burrows, Daniel. — He was born in Groton, Connecticut, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1821 to 1823. Burrows, Lorenzo.— He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1849 to 1853; and in 1855 he was elected Comp troller of New York. Burt, Armistead. — He was horn in South Carolina, received a liberal educa tion, adopted the profession of law, and was a Representative in Congress, from South CaroUna, from 1843 to 1853. During a part of the Thirtieth Congress he officia ted as Speaker of the House of Represent atives. Burton, Hutchins G.— He was bom in Granville County, North Carolina ; studied law ; in 1810 represented Mecklenburg in the State Legislature, and, in 1816, the County of Halifax; was for several years Attorney General of tfie State. He served as a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1819 to 1824, and was a member of the Committees on the Ju diciary and Military Affairs ; he was then elected Governor of North Carolina, from 1624 to 1827. He died in Iredell County, April 21, 1836. Burton, Robert. — He was a Delegate from North Carolina to the Continental Congress, from 1787 to 1788. Burwell, William B. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1806 to 1821. Died February 16, 1821, in Washington City, before the ex piration of his term. Busby, George H. — He was born in Darstown, Northumberland County, Penn sylvania, July 10, 1794. In 1310 he re moved with his father to Ohio, where he ac quired a knowledge of the cabinet-making business and devoted himself to farming. In 1824 he was appointed Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas and of the Su preme Court, and subsequently a Recorder of Deeds in the County of Marion ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from 1851 to 1853, from Ohio. Butler, Andrew Pickens. — He was bora in Edgefield District, South Carolina, November 19, 1796. He graduated at South Carolina College in 1817, studied law and came to the bar in 1818, became a member of the Legislature when quite a young man, and was appointed, in 1835, one of the Judges of the General Sessions of Common Pleas, which office he held until 1847, when he was appointed by the executive to fill the vacancy in the United BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 57 States Senate, caused by the death of Mr. McDuffie. He was subsequently elected and re-elected to the same position, and was in this office at the time of his death, which occurred at his home, May 25, 1857. He was a statesman of distinguished ability and much influence, possessed an uncom mon degree of both mental and physical ability, and was a high-toned gentleman ; popular in the Senate, and left behind him many deeply attached friends. Butler, Chester. — Born in Wilkes- barre, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in March, 1798; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1817; read law at the Litchfield School, and was admitted to the bar in 1820. He served three terms in the Legis lature of Pennsylvania ; was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1845 to 1850, and was a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. He died in Philadelphia, October 5, 1850. Butler, Ezra. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Vermont, from 1813 to 1815, and Governor of that State during the years 1826 and 1827. He died at Wa- terbury, Vermont, July 19, 1838. Butler, Josiah. — Born in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, in 1780, and died at Deerfield, October 29, 1854. He graduated at Harvard University in 1803 ; studied law in Virginia, and practiced it in his native State. He was repeatedly elected to the State Legislature ; was a County Sheriff, and a Clerk of the Courts. He was elected a Representative in Con gress, from New Hampshire, in 1817, and served in that capacity until 1823, offici ating as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture during the Seventeenth Con gress. He was then appointed Judge of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, which he held until the office was abolished. Butler, Pierce. — He came of the family of the Dukes of Ormond, in Ireland. Be fore the Revolution he was a Major in a British regiment in Boston, but afterwards attached himself to the republican institu tions of America. In 1787 he was a Dele gate, from South Carolina, to the old Con gress ; in 1788, a member of the Conven tion which framed the Constitution of the United States, having signed the same; and, under it, was one of the first Senators from South Carolina, and remained in Con gress till 1796. On the death of J. E. Calhoun, in 1 802, he became again a Sena tor in Congress, but resigned in 1804. He was opposed to some of the measures of Washington's administration, but approved of the war of 1812. He died at Philadel phia, February 15, 1822, aged seventy- seven. Butler, Samson H. — He was bom in South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1840 to 1843. Butler, Thomas. — He was born in Car lisle, Pennsylvania, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1818 to 1821. Died August 14, 1847. Butler, Thomas B.— He was born in Wethersfield, Connecticut, in 1807 ; was educated a lawyer ; served in the Connec ticut Legislature ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1849 to 1851. Butler, William. —He was the father of the late Senator, A. P. Butler, and grad uated at the College of South Carolina as a student of medicine ; served as an officer and surgeon both in the army and navy of the United States ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1801 to 1811. He died December 8, 1821. Butler, William. — He was a native of South Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1810 ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from -1841 to 1843. He was the brother of the late Senator, A. P. Butler, and his wife was the sister of the late Com modore O. H. Perry. Butler, William O. — He was born in Jessamine County, Kentucky, in 1793, and came of a family honorably identified with the Revolution. He was liberally educa ted, and when the war of 1812 broke out he enlisted as a soldier; was an ensign under General Winchester, at the battle of the River Raisin ; and under General Jack son, in the South, he attained the rank of Captain, and was made a Colonel in 1817. After spending many years in retirement, he was elected a Representative in Con gress, from Kentucky, in 1839, and re elected in ] 84 1 ; and during the war with Mexico he obtained such distinction that he was promoted to the position of Major General in the regular army ; a sword was voted to him by Congress, March 2, 1847 ; and when General Scott was recalled from the City of Mexico, General Butler was left chief in command, and announced the ratification of the treaty of peace, May 29, 58 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 1848. In 1848 he was the Democratic candidate for Vice-President, on the ticket with Lewis Cass for President. He was appointed, by President Pierce, Governor of Nebraska Territory, but declined the appointment. He is the author of many fugitive pieces of poetry, several of which possess uncommon merit, and one, entitled ' ' The Boat Horn, " has attained great popu larity. In 1861 he was a member of the Peace Congress held in Washington. Butman, Samuel. — He was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1 822, 1 826, and 1827, and a Representative in Congress, from Penobscot County, Maine, from 1827 to 1831, and was a member of the Com mittee on Internal Improvements. In 1846 he was a County Commissioner, and in 1853 was re-elected to the Legislature, and made President of the Senate. Butterfield, Martin. — He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Agriculture. Bynam, Jesse A. — Born in Halifax County, North Carolina. He was educated at Union College, New York ; served a number of years in the State Legislature ; and was a member of Congress, from North Carolina, from 1833 to 1841. While in Congress he fought a duel with Daniel Jenifer, which terminated harmlessly ; and at the close of his last term he removed to Louisiana. Cabell, Edward C— Bora in Rich mond, Virginia, in 1817 ; graduated at the University of Virginia; and in 1837 re moved to the Territory of Florida, where he settled as a cotton planter. He repre sented the State of Florida in Congress, from 1847 to 1853. Cabell, Samuel J. — In the beginning of the war of the Revolution he was at William and Mary College, and left there to join the first armed corps raised in Vir ginia, and soon attained the rank of Lieu tenant-Colonel in the Continental Army, serving with honor in all the campaigns, till the fall of Charleston, May 12, 1780, when he became a prisoner, and the close of the war restored him to liberty. For many years he was a member of the Virginia Assembly, and a Representative in Con gress, from Virginia, from 1795 to 1803. He died in Nelson County, Virginia, September 4, 1816, aged sixty-one years. Cable, Joseph. — He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Cabot, George. — Born in Salem, Mas sachusetts, in 1752, and employed the early part of his life in foreign commerce. Be fore he was twenty-six years old he was elected a member of the Provincial Con gress, from Massachusetts, where he advo cated those principles of political economy for which he was afterwards distinguished; he was a member of the Convention which formed the Constitution of that State, and also of that which ratified the Constitution of the United States, to promote which he made the most strenuous exertions. From 1791 to 1796 he served in the United States Senate, and was one of the most distin guished members of that body ; a confi dential friend of Washington and Hamil ton, to the latter of whom he rendered most important assistance in forming his finan cial system. In 1808 he was a member of the Council of Massachusetts, and in 1814 a delegate to the Hartford Convention, and was made President of that body. He, after that period, retired from public fife, and died at Boston, April 18, 1823, aged seventy-two. Cadwalader, John. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Con gress. Cadwallader, Lambert. — He was born in Trenton, New Jersey. He commanded a regiment early in the Revolution, and was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1793 to 1795. He died in Trenton, September 12, 1823, aged eighty-two years. He was also a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1784 to 1787. Cady, Daniel. — He was born in Chat ham, Columbia County, New York, April 29, 1773 ; was bred a shoemaker ; studied law, admitted to the bar in 1795, and prac ticed with success ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817, having previously served five years in the State Legislature. In 1846 he was elected a Judge of the Su preme Court of New York, which he re signed in 1856 ; and he was a Presidential Elector in 1856, when he presided over the College. In April, 1859, without a mo ment's warning, he became totally blind. Died in Johnstown, New York, October 31, 1859. Cady, John W. — He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1822, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 59 Cage, Harry. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1833 to 1835. Cahoon, William. — He was a Presi dential Elector in 1809, and a Representa tive in Congress, from Vermont, from 1 829 to 1833. From 1815 to 1820 he was also a State Councillor ; County Judge for nine years ; Lieutenant Governor of Vermont in 1820 and 1821 ; and for seven years a member of the State Legislature. Caldwell, George A. — He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1849 to 1851. Caldwell, Greene W. — Born in Gas ton County, North Carolina, April 13, 1811. He studied medicine, and practiced with success, but subsequently devoted himself to the law. He served a number of years in the State Legislature, and was a member of Congiess, from North C aro- lina, from 1841 to 1843. He was subse quently appointed Superintendent of the United States Mint, at Charlotte, which position he resigned. He participated in the war with Mexico as volunteer Captain of a company of dragoons. Caldwell, James. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1813 to 1817. Caldwell, Joseph P. — Bom in Iredell County, North Carolina, in 1808. He was educated at Bethany Academy ; studied law ; and entered public life in 1838, as a member of the State Legislature, where he served a number of years, and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1849 to 1853. Caldwell, Patrick C. — He was a na tive of South Carolina, and a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. Calhoun, John. — He was born in Ken tucky, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that-,. State, from 1835 to 1839. Calhoun, John C. — Born in Abbeville District, South Carolina, March 18, 1782. He was of an Irish family. His father, Patrick Calhoun, was born in Ireland, and at an early age came to Pennsylvania, thence w-ent to the western part of Virginia, and after Braddock's defeat, moved to South Carolina in 1756. At the age of thirteen he was put under the charge of his brother-in-law, Dr. Waddell, in Colum bia County, Georgia. He entered Yale College in 1802, and graduated with dis tinction ; studied law at Litchfield, Con necticut; and in 1807 was admitted to the bar of South Carolina. The next year he entered the Legislature of that State, where he served for two sessions with ability and distinction, and in 1811 was elected to Con gress, where he continued until 1817, when he became Secretary of War under Presi dent Monroe, and conducted the affairs of that department with energy and ability for seven years. In 1825 he was elected Vice-President, and in 1831, upon General Hayne's leaving the Senate to become Gov ernor of South Carolina, Mr. Calhoun re signed the Vice-Presidency, and was elected a member of the United States Senate by the Legislature of South Carolina. After the expiration of his Senatorial term, he went voluntarily into retirement. Upon the death of Mr. Upshur, in 1843, he as sumed the conduct of the State Depart ment, which he held until the close of President Tyler's administration. In 1845 he was again elected Senator, which office he held until his decease. From 1811, when he entered Congress, until his death, he was rarely absent from Washington, and during the most of that period he was in the.public service of his State and coun try. He entered Congress at a time of unusual excitement, preceding the declara tion of war of 1812, and had great influ ence in favor of that measure. In the diffi culties and embarrassments upon the ter mination of war, and the transition to a peace establishment, he took a responsible part. As a presiding officer of the Senate he was punctual, methodical, and accurate, and had a high regard for the dignity of the body, which he endeavored to preserve and maintain. His connexion with nulli fication, his views of the tariff, his opinions in regard to slavery, and the many and ex citing questions arising from it, are well known. He shaped the course and moulded the opinions of the people of his own State, and of some other Southern States, upon all these subjects. Amid all the strifes of party politics, there always existed between him and his political opponents a great de gree of personal kindness. He died in Washington City, March 31, 1850, leaving behind him the reputation of one of the greatest and the purest of American states men. His collected writings and speeches have been published in several octavo vol umes, and accompanied with a biography. Calhoun, John E— Born in 1749, and GO BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. graduated at Princeton College in 1774. He afterwards studied law, in which pro fession he became distinguished. After being for many years in the State Legisla ture of South Carolina, he was a Senator in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1801 to 1802. He was a decided republi can, and supporter of Mr. Jefferson. He was one of the committee who were in structed to report a mollification of the ju diciary system of the United States. He died in Pendleton District, November 3, 1802. Calhoun, Joseph. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caroli na, from 1807 to 1811. Calhoun, William B.— He was bom in Boston, Massachusetts, December 29, 1796 ; graduated at Yale College in 1814 ; bred to the law; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from his native State, from 1835 to 1843. He was also a mem ber of the State Legislature from 1825 to 1835, and Speaker for two years ; Presi dent of the State Senate in 1846 and 1847 ; Secretary of State from 1848 to 1851 ; Bank Commissioner from 1853 to 1855; Presi dential Elector in 1844 ; and Mayor of Springfield in 1859. Died in Springfield, Massachusetts, November 8, 1865. Call, Jacob. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1824 to 1825. Call, Richard K. — He was born in Kentucky ; and having taken an interest in military affairs, became aide-de-camp to General Jacksonin 1818, and was promoted to a Captain soon afterwards, and subse quently was appointed Brigadier General of the Florida militia. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Florida in 1822 ; a Delegate to Congress, from that Territory, from 1823 to 1825; Receiver of Public Money for the Land Office ; and he held the position of Governor of Florida from 1836 to 1844. Calvert, Charles B. — He was born in Prince George County, Maryland, August 24, 1808 ; received his earliest education in Philadelphia, but graduated at the Uni versity of Virginia in 1827. His whole life has been devoted, on a large scale, to the pursuits of agriculture. He was for many years President of the Maryland Agricultural Society ; also of the Prince George County Society; and Vice-Presi dent of the United States Agricultural Society. He has devoted special attention to the raising of superior breeds of cattle, every variety of which he has tried on his extensive farms. He was elected to the Legislature of Maryland in 1839, 1843, and 1844; and was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia and on Agriculture. Died at Riverside, Maryland, May 14, 1864. Calvin, Samuel. — Born in Washing- tonville, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, July 30, 1 81 1. At the age of sixteen, after the death of his father, he was thrown upon his own resources, and became a school teacher, with the view of supporting his father's family and obtaining the means for a classical education ; he accomplished this object ; subsequently studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1336, aud practiced in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. In 1848 he was elected a member, from Pennsyl vania, of the Thirty-first Congress, and in- 1850 declined a re-election. Cambreleng, Churchill C. — He was bom in Washington, North Carolina, in 1786, and received an academical education atNewbem, in that State. He had aspecial fondness for field sports, but did not let them interfere with his duties as a clerk in a Carolina store, where he was engaged for two years. He removed to New York City in 1802, which has since that time been his home, excepting the year 1806, when he was a counting-house clerk in Providence, Rhode Island. He engaged at an early day in mercantile pursuits with John Jacob Astor, and travelled extensively over the world. He was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1821 to 1839, and officiated as Chairman of the Com mittees of Commerce, Ways and Means, and of Foreign Affairs. His reports and political pamphlets were at one time very numerous, one of the former, on Commerce and Navigation, having gone through several editions and been republished in London. While travelling in Europe in 1839 he received the appointment of Min ister to Russia, and on his return to the United States he retired to private life. Died at West Neck, Long Island, April 30, 1862. Cameron, Simon. — He was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1799, and was left an orphan when only nine years of age. He educated himself while pursuing the employment of a printer in newspaper offices at Harrisburg and in Washington City, and when twenty-two years of age edited and published a Demo- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 61 cratic journal at the former city, having previously had charge of a paper, the Pennsylvania Intelligencer, atDoylestown, Pennsylvania. In 1832 he established the Middletown Bank of Pennsylvania, and devoted much of his attention to the rail road interests of his native State, and before entering Congress he was the Cashier of a bank, President of two railroad companies, and Adjutant General of Pennsylvania. He was fiist elected a Senator in Congress in 1845, where he served until 1849, and he was re-elected to the same position in 1857, for the term ending in 1863, but re signed in 1861. He was spoken of in 1860 as one of the candidates for the Presidency, and in 1 861 became Secretary of War under President Lincoln. He resigned that posi tion, and was appointed Minister to Russia in 1862. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. Campbell, Alexander. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 1809 to 1813. Campbell, Brookins. — He was born in Washington County, Tennessee, in 1808 ; was for many years a member of the State Legislature, and in 1845 was unanimously elected Speaker. He was an officer in the Quartermaster's Department in the waij with Mexico, and a member of Congress, from Tennessee, from 1853 to the time of his death, which occurred in Washington, District of Columbia, December 25, J 853. Campbell, George W. — He was born in Tennessee in 1768 ; graduated at Prince ton College in 1794 ; received a good edu cation ; was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1803 to 1809, serving during the last two years of his term as Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means ; was Judge of the United States District Court ; was elected Senator of the United States in 1311, but resigned on being appointed Secretary of the Treasury in 1814. He resumed his seat in the Senate the following year, and served till 1818, when he was appointed Minister to Russia, where he remained until 1821. In 1831 he was appointed one of the commissioners to settle the claims on France. He died at Nashville, Tennessee, February 17, 1848. Campbell, James H. — He was bom in Williamsport, Lycoming County, Penn sylvania, February 8, 1820 ; graduated at the Carlisle Law School ; was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; was a member in 1844 of the Whig Baltimore Convention ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1855 to 1857, and again from 1859 to 1861, serving on the Committee on Elections and as a member of the special committee of thirty-three on the rebellious States. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on the Pacific Railroad. In 1864 he was appointed by President Lincoln Min ister Resident to Sweden. Campbell, John. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1801 to 1811 ; also Judge of the Orphans' Court in Charles County, where he died June 23, 1828, aged sixty-three years. Campbell, John. — He was born in South Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1819 ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1831, and again from 1837 to 1845. Died at his residence in Marlborough District, South Carolina, May 19, 1845. Campbell, John. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1837 to 1843. Campbell, John H. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Campbell, John P. — He was bom in Kentucky, and was a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Campbell, John W. — He was born in Augusta County, Virginia, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1817 to 1827. Died September 24, 1833. Campbell, Lewis D. — Bom in Frank lin, Warren County, Ohio, August 9, 1811. He received a limited education ; was at tached at an early day to the Cincinnati Gazette, as printer and assistant editor; subsequently had the entire control of another political paper ; and having studied law, was admitted to practice. He was elected a member of Congress, from Ohio, in 1848, and was re-elected to each suc cessive Congress, down to the Thirty-fifth, when his seat was contested, and the House of Representatives decided against his claim. During the Thirty-third Congress he was Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means. In December, 1865, he was appointed by President Johnson Min ister to Mexico. Campbell, Robert B. — He was born in South Carolina ; graduated at the South 62 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Carolina College in 1809 ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1835 to 1837. He was subsequently ap pointed by President Fillmore American Consul at Havana, Cuba. Campbell, Samuel. — He was born in Mansfield, Connecticut, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1823, having previously served five years in the Assembly of that State. Campbell, Thomas F. — He was a native of South Carolina, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1834 to 1835. Campbell, Thomas J. — He was a native of Tennessee, and a member of Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, and twice Clerk of the House of Representatives, from 1847 to 1850 ; he was also a Presidential Elector in 1837 and 1841. During the years 1813 and 1814 he was an Assistant Inspector General of militia. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, April 13, 1850. Campbell, Thompson.— He was bom in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Illinois, from 1851 to 1853. Campbell, William B. — Was bom in Tennessee, and when a young man served in Florida as Captain in the mounted vol unteers. He was a member of the State Legislature ; was a Representative in Con gress from 1837 to 1843 ; went to Mexico as Colonel, commanding the First Regi ment Tennessee Volunteers, distinguishing himself at Cerro Gordo and at Monterey ; was unanimously elected Circuit Court Judge ; and was Governor of Tennessee from 1851 to 1853. After the close of the Rebellion, in 1865, he was re-elected a Rep resentative from Tennessee to the Thirty- ninth Congress, but was not admitted to his seat until near the end of the first ses sion of that Congress. Campbell, "William W.— Born in Cherry Valley, New York, June 10, 1806; graduated at Union College in 1827, and studied law with Judge Kent, of New York, and in 1831 he commenced the prac tice of his profession in that city, having previously written and published a history of the Border War of New York. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847, and then spent a year in Europe. On his return he was ap pointed a Justice of the Superior Court of New York City, and served seven years, and was subsequently elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Canby, Richard S. — He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Cannon, Newton. — He was born in Guilford County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ten nessee, from 1814 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1823, and was also appointed by President Monroe, in 1819, one of two Commissioners to treat with the Chicka- saws. He was also Governor of Tennessee from 1835 to 1839. Died September 29, 1842. Cantine, John. — He was elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Eighth Congress, but resigned soon after taking his seat, and Josiah Hasbrouck was elected in his place. Caperton, Hugh. — He was bom in Virginia in 1780 ; was a farmer by occupa tion; a member, for many years, of the State Legislature ; and a Representative in Congress, from the Greenbrier region of Virginia, from 1813 to 1815. He died in .Monroe County, Virginia, February 9, 1847. Carey, George. — He was a native of Charles County, Maryland, but removed to Georgia, and died in Upson County in 1844. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Georgia, from 1823 to 1827. Carey, Jeremiah E.— Born in Coven try, Rhode Island, April 30, 1803; com menced active life in the State of New York, by working on u farm and in the tannery of an uncle ; he received a good common school education, which he paid for by his own exertions as a teacher ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1829; was elected to Congress, from Cherry Valley County, in 1842, and, after his term as a Representative, removed to the city of New York, where he has since been engaged in the practice of his pro fession, and holding many important local offices connected with the cause of educa tion. Carey, John.— Born in Monongahela County, Virginia, April 5, 1792 ; removed with his parents to the Northwest Terri tory m 1798; from that period until 1812 he labored with his father in the tanning business ; in 1814 he assisted in building the first stone house in Columbus ; after BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 63 which he devoted himself to the various employments of carpentering, milling in its various branches, and farming ; in 1825 he was elected an Associate Judge, which office he held for seven years ; he was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1828, 1836, and 1843 ; and was elected a Repre sentative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. Carlile John S. — Born in Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, December 16, 1817. He was educated by his mother until fourteen years of age, and then went into a country store as salesman and clerk, and at the age of seventeen commenced ¦business for himself. At the same time he read law, and was admitted to the bar in 184U, and settled in Beverly, Randolph County, in 1842, to practice. He was elected to the State Senate in 1847, and served till 1851. In 1850 he was a mem ber of the Constitutional Convention of Virginia, and in 1855 was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, serving one term. In 1 86 1 he was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, and was soon afterwards transferred to the Senate, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and Territories. His term expired in 1865. Carlton, Peter. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1807 to 1309. Carmichael, Richard B. — Was a na tive of Maryland ; graduated at Princeton College in 1628, and studied law; was a Representative from Maryland in the Twenty-third Congress ; was President of the courts of Queen Anne's County, Mary land, in 1861. Carmichael, William. — Was a native of Maryland In 1776 he aided Mr. Deane, the American Minister at Paris, in his cor respondence ; went to Berlin to communi cate to the King of Prussia intelligence concerning American commerce, and as sisted the American Commissioners in Paris. He was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from 1778 to 1780 ; was Secretary of Legation during Mr. Jay's mission to Spain, and remained as Charge' d'Affaires after Mr. Jay left in 1782, and, receiving a commission in 1790, retained the office for about fifteen years. In 1792 he was authorized, jointly, with William Short, to negotiate with Spain concerning the navigation of the Mississippi river. He died in 1795. Canies, Thomas P. — He was born and educated in Maryland, studied law, and settled in Georgia. He was there suc cessively Solicitor General, Attorney Gen eral, and Judge of the Supreme Court, and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1793 to 1795. He died at Milledgeville, May 8, 1822. Carpenter, Davis.— He was born in Walpole, Cheshire County, New Hamp shire, December 25, 1799 ; received an academical education ; studied medicine, and took the degree of M.D. at Middle- bury College, Vermont, in 1824. He re moved to the State of New York in 1825, and there attained the position of Colonel of a rifle corps, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1853 to 1855, in place of A. Boody, resigned. He was subsequently devoted to his profession and to surveying. Carpenter, Levi D. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1843 to 1845, in the place of Samuel Beardsley, resigned. . Carr, Francis. — He was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature from 1806 to 1811, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813. Died in October, 1821, aged sixty- nine years. Carr, James. — He served three years in the Massachusetts Legislature from Bangor, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1817. Carr, John. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1831 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841, and died in Clarke County, Indiana, January 20, 1845. Carrington, Edward. — He was born in Virginia, February 11, 1749; was an efficient officer during the Revolution ; was for some time Quartermaster General of the army under General Greene, in the South, and greatly contributed to the advantage gained over the enemy. He was after wards attached to the army of the North, but previously to the evacuation of Charles ton resumed his former station. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Virginia, from 1785 to 1786; was foreman of the jury which tried Aaron Burr for treason. He died October 28, 1810. 64 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton.— He was born in Annapolis, Maryland, on the 20th of September, 1737; was descended from a respectable Irish family ; was of the Roman Catholic religion, and inherited a very large estate. He was sent at an early age to St. Omer to be educated, and after wards removed to Rheims. After having studied civil law in France, he went to London and pursued the study of common law at the Temple, and returned to America at the age of twenty-seven. He soon be came known as an advocate for liberty, and was one of the ablest political writers of Maryland. In 1776 he was elected a Delegate to the old Congress, and sub scribed his name to the Declaration of Inde pendence, and at the time of his death was the last surviving signer of that document. In 1778 he left Congress, and devoted him self to the councils of his native State ; in 1789 he was elected a Senator to the new Congress ; and in 1810 he quitted public life, and passed the remainder of his days in tranquillity, beloved and revered by his friends and neighbors, and honored by his country. He was ever considered a model of regularity in conduct and sedateness in judgment. He died in Baltimore, Novem ber 14, 1832. Carroll, Charles H. — He was bom in Maryland ; was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1843 to 1847 ; a member of the Assembly of the State in 1836; and a State Senator in 1837. He was a lawyer by education, but, instead of prac ticing, devoted his whole time to managing a large estate in the Genesee country. Died in Groveland, Livingston County, New York, in 1865, aged seventy-one years. Carroll, Daniel. — He was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1760 to 1784; signed the Articles of Confederation, and also the Constitution ; a Representative in Congiess, from Mary land, from 1789 to 1791, aud was that year appointed Commissioner for Surveying the District of Columbia. Carroll, James. — He was born in Mary land, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1S41. Carson, Samuel P. — Born at Pleasant Garden, Burke County, North Carolina. He was for several years a member of the State Legislature, and a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1825 to 1833. He killed Doctor Robert B. Vance in a duel in 1827 ; and at the close of his services in Congress removed to Arkansas, where he died in November, 1840. Carter, John. — Born on Black River, Sumter District, South Carolina, Septem ber 10, 1792; and graduated at South Carolina College, Columbia. He was a lawyer by profession; and a Representa tive in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1822 to 1829, when he declined are- election. His residence was Camden, but he removed to Georgetown, District of Columbia, in 1836, where he remained until his death, which occurred June 20, 1850. Carter, Luther C. — Bom in Bethel, Oxford County, Maine, February 25, 1805; received an academic education ; settled in New York City, and devoted himself to mercantile pursuits with success ; was a member for some years of the Board of Education in that city ; and having retired from business, he settled on a farm on Long Island ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia, Carter, Timothy J. — He was educated for the legal profession ; was Secretary of the Maine Senate in 1833 ; County At torney from 1833 to 1837; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1837 to the date of his death, which occurred at Washington, March 14, 1838. Carter, William B. — Bom in Ten nessee in 1812; was a member of the House and Senate in the State Legislature ; President of the Constitutional Conven tion; and from 1835 to 1841 a Representa tive in Congress from his native State. He died in Carter County, Tennessee, April 17, 1843. Cartter, David K. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 1853. In 1861 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister to Bolivia, and subse quently a Judge of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. Caruthers, Robert L.— Was bom in Smith County, Tennessee, July 31, 1800; obtained the rudiments of an English edu cation by his own unaided exertions ; from 1616 to 1818 he was clerk in a store ; sub sequently improved his education at Wood ward Academy and Greenville College; studied law and came to the bar in 1823; BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 65 served one year as Clerk in the Legislature of Tennessee. Returning to his native county, was appointed Clerk of the Chan cery Court there; edited a paper for one year; settled in Wilson County in 1826, and was soon afterwards elected State's Attorney, holding the office five years ; in 1834 he was elected a Brigadier General of Militia; was a member of the Tennessee Legislature in 1835; was a Presidential Elector in 1 845, declining to run for Gover nor ; was a Representative, in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1841 to 1843, de clining a re-election ; in 1852 was called to a seat on the Supreme Bench of Tennes see, holding the position many years; and was a Delegate to the Peace Convention of 1861. Carathers, Samuel. — Born Jin Madi son County, Missouri, October T3, 1820 ; was educated at Clinton College, Tennes see ; was a lawyer by profession ; and was elected a member of the House of Repre sentatives in Congress, from Missouri, from 1853 to 1859 ; and died soon after leaving Congress. Cary, George B. — A member of Con gress from the Petersburg District, Vir ginia, in 1842 and 1843. He died in South ampton County, Virginia, March 5, 1850. Cary, Shepard. — He was a merchant and farmer ; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1832, 1833, from 1839 to 1842, in 1843, and from 1848 to 1854. He was .a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1844 to 1845, and served as a member of the Committee on Claims. ¦ In 1836 he was a Presidential Elector. Case, Charles. — Born at Austinburg, Ashtabula County, Ohio, December 21, 1817 ; a lawyer by profession, and a Rep resentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from Indiana. He was a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Terri tories. Case, Walter.— He was born in Dutchess County, New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Casey, Joseph.— He was bom in Mary land, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1849 to 1851. In 1863 he was appointed, by Presi dent Lincoln, a Judge of the Court of Claims. 5 Casey, Levi. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1803 to 1807. Died February 1, 1807. Casey, Samuel L. — He was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was subse quently appointed, by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to look after certain national interests in the Southwestern States. Casey, Zadock. — He was born in Georgia, and, on removing to Illinois, was- a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1843, and also held the office of Lieutenant Governor of the State. Died at Caseyville, Illinois, in 1862, aged sixty-six years. Caskie, John S. — He was born in Virginia, and was elected a Representa tive to Congress, from his native State, from 1851 to 1855, serving as a member, of the Committee on the Judiciary.. Cass, Lewis. — Bom in Exeter, New Hampshire, October 9, 1782. Having re ceived a limited education at his native place, at the early age of seventeen he crossed the Alleghany Mountains on foot, to seek a home in the "Great West," then an almost unexplored wilderness. Settled at Marietta, Ohio ; he studied law, and was successful. Elected at twenty-five to the Legislature of Ohio, he originated the bill which arrested the proceedings of Aaron Bun-, and, as stated by Mr. Jeffer son, was the first blow given to what is known as Burr's conspiracy. In- 1807 he was appointed, by Mr. Jefferson,. Marshal of the State, and held the office till the lat ter part of 1811, when he volunteered to repel Indian aggressions on the frontier. He was elected Colonel of the Third Regi ment of Ohio Volunteers, and entered the military service of the United States at the commencement of the war of 1812. Having by a difficult march reached De troit, he urged the immediate invasion of Canada, and was the author of the pro clamation of that event. He was the first to land in arms on the enemy's shore, and, with a small detachment of troops, fought and won the first battle, that of the Tarontoe. At the subsequent capitulation of Detroit he was absent, on important service, and regretted that his command and himself had been included in that capitulation. Liberated on parole, he re paired to, the seat of government to report the causes of the disaster and the failure of the campaign. He was immediately 66 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. appointed a Colonel in the regular army, and, soon after, promoted to the rank of Brigadier General ; having, in the mean time, been elected Major General of the Ohio Volunteers. On being exchanged and released from parole, he again repaired to the frontier, and joined the army for the recovery of Michigan. Being at that time without a command, he served and dis tinguished himself, as a volunteer aide-de camp to General Harrison, at the battle of the Thames. He was appointed, by Presi dent Madison, in October, 1813, Governor of Michigan. His position combined, with the ordinary duties of chief magistrate of a civilized community, the immediate man agement and control, as superintendent, of the relations with the numerous and powerful Indian tribes in that region of country. He conducted with success the affairs of the Territory under embarrassing circumstances. Under his sway peace was preserved between the whites and the treacherous and disaffected Indians, law and order established, and the Territory rapidly advanced in population, resources, and prosperity. He held this position till July, 1831, when he was, by President Jackson, made Secretary of War. In the latter part of 1836 President Jackson ap pointed him Minister to France, where he remained until 1842, when he requested his recall, and returned to this country. In January, 1845, he was elected, by the Legislature of Michigan, to the Senate of the United States ; which place he resigned on his nomination, in May, 1848, as a can didate for the Presidency by the political party to which he belonged. After the election of his opponent (General Taylor) to that office, the Legislature of his State, in 1849, re-elected him to the Senate for the unexpired portion of his original term of six years. When Mr. Buchanan be came President, he invited General Cass to the head of the Department of State, which position he resigned in December, 1860. He devoted some attention to literary pur suits, and his writings, speeches, and State papers would make several volumes ; among which is one entitled "France, its King, Court and Government," published in 1840. He died in Detroit, June 1 7, 1 866. Cassedy, George. — He was born in Bergen County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jer sey, from 1821 to 1827, and died in Hack- ensack, New Jersey, December 31, 1842, aged fifty-eight years. Caswell, Richard. — Born in Mary land, August 3, 1729; emigrated to North Carolina in 1746, where, for some years, he was employed in the public offices, and afterwards studied and practiced law with suecess. From 1754 to 1771 he was a member of the Colonial Assembly, and for the last two years was Speaker of the House of Delegates. He commanded the right wing of Tryon's forces at the battle of Al- lamance in 1771. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1776. In 1775 he was President of the Provincial Congress which framed the Con stitution of the State, and he was elected first Governor of North Carolina under it, holding that office till 1779. In 1780 he led the North Carolina troops in the battle of Camden. In 1782 he was Speaker of the Senate, and Comptroller General, per forming the duties of both offices till 1784, when he was again elected Governor, and held that position till he became ineligible by the laws of the State. In 1787 he was a Delegate to the Convention for framing the Federal Constitution; in 1789 was elected State Senator, and was a member of the Convention which ratified the Con stitution. He was also Speaker of the Senate, and whilst presiding over that body, November 5, 1789, he was struck with paralysis, which proved fatal in ten days. Cathcart, Charles W. — He was born in the Island of Madeira in 1809; went to sea in early life and studied mechanics ; removed to Indiana in 1831 ; was for seve ral years a United States Surveyor; served in the State Legislature ; was a Presiden tial Elector in 1845 ; was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1845 to 1849, and was a Senator in Con gress, from 1852 to 1853, by appointment. Of late years he has been devoted to farm ing. Catlin, George S— Born in Harwing- ton, Litchfield County, Connecticut, in 1809; received a common school and aca demic education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830; and was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. He was also a number of years in the State Legislature, State's Attorney, and Judge of the Windham County Court. He died in December, 1851. Causin, John M. S.— He was born in Maryland; was a lawyer by profession; served several terms in the Legislature; was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1843 to 1845 ; and in 1849 a Presidential Elector. Died at Cairo, Illinois, January 30, 1861. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 67 Cavanaugh, James M. — He was a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Con gress, from Minnesota. He was a lawyer by profession, and, after leaving Congress, settled in the Territory of Colorado. Chaffee, Calvin C. — Bom in Saratoga, New York, August 28, 1811. He early devoted himself to the study of medicine ; graduated at Middlebury College, Vermont; and on becoming a citizen of Massachu setts, he was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, to the Thirty- fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. In 1859 he was appointed Li brarian of the House of Representatives, which office he held until 1861, when he was succeeded by the compiler of this volume. Chalmers, Joseph W. — He was a Sen ator in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1845 to 1847. Chamberlain, Ebenezer M. — He was born in Maine, and was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1853 to 1855. Chamberlain, Jacob P. — He was born in Massachusetts, and was a Representa tive, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. Chamberlain, John C. — He graduated at Harvard University in 1793 ; practiced law at Alstead, New Hampshire ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1811. He died at Utica, New York, December 8, 1834, aged sixty-two years. Chamberlain, 'William. — He was a Presidential Elector in 1801, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1803 to 1805, and again from 1809 to 1811. He was a State Councillor from 1796 to 1803 ; served five years in the State Legis lature ; was Lieutenant Governor of Ver mont from 1813 to 1815; and Chief Jus tice of a State Court from 1801 to 1803, and in 1814. Chambers, David. — He was born in Allentown, Northampton County, Pennsyl vania, in 1780. He was educated by his father, who was a school teacher; and in 1794 was employed as a confidential ex press to carry despatches from General Henry Lee to President Washington dur ing the Whiskey Insurrection; in 1796 he was placed in the office of the Aurora newspaper to learn the printer's trade; and after spending the sixteen subsequent years on a farm in Virginia, he removed to Zanesville, Ohio, where he conducted a newspaper, and was elected State printer. When the seat of government was removed to Columbus, he was appointed Secretary of the Senate; during the years 1812 and 181 3 he was aide-de-camp to General Cass ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1821 to 1823. He subse quently served a number of years in the State Legislature of Ohio ; was Speaker in 1844, and was a member of the Constitu tional Convention of 1851 ; having also been- elected Mayor of Zanesville, Re corder, and Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas. Of late years he has been wholly devoted to agricultural pursuits. Died at Zanesville, Ohio, August 8, 1864. Chambers, Ezekiel P. — Born in Kent County, Maryland, February 28, 1788; graduated at Washington College when seventeen years of age; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1808 ; he per formed some military service in 1312, and subsequently attained the rank of Briga dier General; in 1822 he was elected to the State Senate against his will; he took an active part in 1825 in arranging a system of legislation for the recovery of slaves ; he was a Senator in Congress, from Mary land, from 1826 to 1834, serving as Chair man of the Committee on the District of Columbia ; in 1834 he was appointed Chief Judge of the Second Judicial District and a Judge of the Court of Appeals, which offices he held until 1851, when the Judi ciary became elective; having been in 1850 an active member of the Convention which changed the State Constitution. He was offered, in 1852, by President Fillmore, the post of Secretary of the Navy, in the place of Secretary Graham, who resigned ; but his health compelled him to decline the honor. Iu 1833 Yale College conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws, and in 1852 he received the same honor from the Delaware College. Chambers, George. — Bom in Chanir bersburg, Pennsylvania, in 1786 ; gradua ted at Princeton College in 1804 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1 807, and practiced extensively in the Franklin County Courts. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1833 to 1837, and was then elected a Delegate to the Pennsylvania Constitutional Con vention. In 1851 he was appointed by the Governor, with the unanimous consent of 6S BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. the Senate, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, which office he held until the expiration of its tenure under the consti tution. Since that time he has lived in re tirement, discharging many trusts and of fices in promotion of religion and education, in the town of his birth, which bears his father's name. Died in March, 1866. Chambers, Henry. --He was a Senator in Congress from 1825 to 1826, from Ala bama, and died January 25, 1826. Chambers, John.— Born in New Jer sey in 1779 ; emigrated to Kentucky when thirteen years of age ; studied law, and practiced the profession with success; was an aide-de camp to General Harrison at the battle of the Thames ; was appointed Governor of the Territory of Iowa by Pres ident Harrison, manifesting great ability and prudence in his intercourse with the Indians; and by President Taylor he was appointed a Commissioner to make a treaty with the Sioux Indians. He was a mem ber of Congiess, from Kentucky, from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1835 to 1839. He died near Paris, Kentucky, September 21, 1852. V Champion, Epaphroditus.— He was a Representative in Congress, from Con necticut, from 1807 to 1817 ; a man greatly respected for his public and private charac ter; and died at East Haddam, Connecti cut, November 22, 1835, aged seventy-eight years. Champlin, Christopher G— He was a native of Newport, Rhode Island ; gradu ated at Haivard University in 1786; was a member of Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1797 to 1801, and a Senator of the United States from 1,609 to 1811. At the time of his death, which occurred March 18, 1840, in the seventy-fourth year of his age, he was President of the Rhode Island Bank. Chandler, John.— Was a native of Maine when a part of Massachusetts, repre senting it in the State Senate from 1803 to 1805, and in Congress from 1805 to 1806, and for three years was Sheriff of Kenne- bec-k County. In 1812 he was appointed Brigadier General, and took an active part in the Canadian campaign, having his horse shot under him at the battle of Stony Creek, wherd*he was wounded and taken prisoner. He was elected to the United States Senate in 182H, being one of the first two Senators from Maine after its separa tion fromMassachusetts, serving two terms, until 1829. In 1829 he was appointed Col lector of the Port of Portland, serving until 1837; and he died at Augusta, September, 1841. Chandler, Joseph R. — He was bom in Kingston, Plymouth County, Massachu setts, in 1792; was liberally educated, and adopted the profession of law ; edited for many years a newspaper in Philadelphia-, entitled the " United States Gazette;" was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1849 to 1855; and in 1858 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to Naples. In 1821 he published a Grammar of the English Language, and subsequently a large number of Essays and Addresses on subjects connected with Social Life and Literature. Chandler, Thomas. — He was born in Bedford, New Hampshire, August 10, 1772 ; received a common school education ; was a farmer by occupation ; and had a fondness for sacred music, which he taught to a limited extent among his neigh bors. He was a Justice of the Quorum in 1808 ; a Captain of militia in 1815 ; was a member of the New Hampshire Legisla ture in 1827 ; and a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1829 to 1833. Died in Bedford, January 28, 1866. His brother, John Chandler, was also in Congress, and he was the uncle of the Senator, Zachariah Chandler. Chandler, Zachariah.— Bom in Bed ford, New Hampshire, December 10, 1813- received an academical education ; was bred a merchant ; was Mayor of Detroit, Michigan, in 1851 ; defeated candidate for Governor of Michigan in 1852 ; and a Sen ator in Congress from Michigan, having succeeded Senator Cass in that capacity, and taking his seat in the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving as a member of the Commit tee on the District of Columbia, and Chair man of the Committee on Commerce. He was re-elected to the Senate in 1863, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims and on Mines and Mining, and again as Chair man of the Committee on Commerce. He was also a member of the National Com mittee appointed to accompany the re mains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Chaney, John.— He was born in Mary land, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1833 to 1839. Chanler, John Winthrop.— Bom in the city of New York in 1826; was a mem- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 69 ber of the New York Assembly in 1859 and 1860, and declined a renomination ; and in 1862 he was eleeted a Representa tive, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Patents. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Bankrupt Law and on Patents. Chapin, Graham H. — He was bom in Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1817 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1835 to 1837, and died in 1843. Chapman, Augustus A. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Chapman, Bird B. — He was born in Connecticut, and, on removing to Nebraska, was elected a Delegate, from that Territory, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Chapman, Charles. — Bom at New town, Fairfield County, Connecticut, June 21, 1799; received a classical education; was a lawyer by profession; was three times a member of the House of Represen tatives of the State ; he was United States Attorney during the Administration of President Tyler, and a Representative in the Thirty-second Congress, from Connec ticut. Chapman, Henry. — Born in Bucks. County, Pennsylvania, about the year 1805 ; received a good education, aud read law under the competent direction of his father ; admitted to the bar about 1 826 ; was a member of the State Senate for three years, from January,1843; President Judge of the Fifteenth Judicial District of Penn sylvania for some years after leaving the Senate ; was a Representative in the Thir ty-fifth Congress, from Pennsylvania ; and elected President Judge of the Seventh Judicial District of Pennsylvania in 1861. Chapman, John. — He was a Represen tative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1797 to 1799. Chapman, John G. — He was born in Charles County, Maryland, July 5, 1798, and died December 10, 1856. He laid the foundation of his education at Yale College, which he left during his senior term on ac count of his health, and afterwards refused a diploma which was tendered to him by the faculty. He studied law with William Wirt, and, after practicing for some time, turned his attention to politics, and between the years 1824 and 1844 he was almost constantly in the Legislature of Maryland. In 1845 he wras elected a Representative in Congress, and again re-elected in 1847, serving on important committees, and doing much good for his constituents and the public at large. He was chosen President of the Convention which framed the present Constitution of Maryland ; and his last public act was to preside as Chairman of the National Whig Convention, which met in Baltimore, in 1856, to nominate Millard Fillmore for the Presidency. He was an eloquent speaker, filled all his public trusts with fidelity, and died lamented by a large number of warm personal friends. Chapman, Reuben. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Alabama, from 1835 to 1847 ; also Governor of that State from 1847 to 1849. Chappell, A. H. — He was born in Georgia, and was a Representative, from that State, to the Twenty -eighth Congress. Chappell, John J. — Born in Fairfield District, South Carolina, January 19, 1782 ; received a common school education ; stu died law and was admitted to the bar in 1804 ; was a Solicitor of Equity, Colonel of militia, a Trustee of the State College in 1809, and a Bank Director; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1813 to 1817. Charlton, Robert M. — He was born in Savannah, Georgia, January 19, 1807 ; was liberally educated; studied law and came to the bar before attaining his major ity ; served in the State Legislature ; be came United States District Attorney ; and in his twenty-seventh year was ap pointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Eastern Georgia. He was a poet, and pub lished a volume of poems in 1839 ; and also published a prose work entitled "Leaves from the Portfolio of a Georgia Lawyer," as well as a variety of Historical and other Lectures and Literary Addresses. His service in Congress was as a Senator from Georgia, by appointment, during a part of the years 1852 and 1853. He died at Savannah, January 8, 1854. Chase, Dudley. — Was born in Cornish, Sullivan County, New Hampshire, De cember 30, 1771. He received an academic education, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1791. Having been admitted to the bar, he commenced practice in Ver- 70 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. mont, and, from 1803 to 1811, he was State's Attorney for Orange County. He was a member of the Constitutional Con ventions of 1 81 4 and 1822. He was a Rep resentative, from Randolph, to the Legis lature of Vermont, in 1805, and_ the seven succeeding years, during five of which he was Speaker of the House of Representa tives, and was again elected Representa tive, from the same town, in 1823 and 1824. He was elected United States Senator, from Vermont, from 1813 to 1819, but he resigned his seat in 1817. He was chosen Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont in 1817, holding the same office, by annual re-elections, until 1821. He then returned to his profession of the law for a few years, and in 1824 he was again chosen United States Senator, from 1625 to 1331, inclu sive, when he retired wholly from public life, and devoted his attention to farming and gardening, of which he was excessively fond. He was a brother of the late Phi lander Chase, Bishop of Illinois ; and died at Randolph, Vermont, February 23, 1846. Chase, George W. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Chase, Jeremiah T. — He was a Dele gate, from Maryland, to the Continental Congress, from 1783 to 1784. Chase, Lucien B. — He was born in Vermont, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Tennessee, from 1 845 to 1847, aud for a second term, ending in 1849. He was the author of a work entitled "History of President Polk's Administration." Chase, Salmon P. — He was born in Cornish, New Hampshire, January 13, 1808. His education began at home, and was continued at the schools and acade mies of New Hampshire and Central Ohio, and completed at the Cincinnati College, and at Dartmouth, in New Hampshire, graduating in 1626 He studied law, in Washington City, with William Wirt, and practiced his profession in Cincinnati, Ohio, for many years. His first public po sition was that of School Examiner, in Cincinnati, in 1639 ; in 1840 he was a City Councilman; in 1845 he projected what was called a Liberty Convention; was a member of the Free-soil Convention held at Buffalo in 1846 ; and was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 1855; and elected Governor of Ohio, in 1855, and re-elected in 1857. In 1660 he was again chosen a Senator in Congress, but on the day after he took his seat he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in President Lin coln's Cabinet, but resignedin September, 1864. He was a member, also, of the Peace Congress of 1861. On the 6th of December, 1864° he was appointed by President Lin coln Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, to succeed R. B. Taney. Chase, Samuel.— Born in Somerset County, Maryland, April 17, 1741; re ceived a good education, and came to the bar in his twenty-second year, settling at Annapolis ; he was one of the " Sons of Liberty ;" was sent by Maryland as a Del egate to the Continental Congress, where he served from 1774 to 1776, and in 1784 and 1785 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; and he it was who pro claimed on the floor of Congress that they had a Judas among them, in the person of J. J. Zubly, of Georgia, and also made a severe demonstration against the Society of Friends for alleged disloyalty. In 1786 he settled in Baltimore, and in 1788 was appointed Chief Justice of the Criminal Court, and was a member of the Conven tion that ratified the Federal Constitution. In 1796 he was appointed by Washington an associate on the Supreme Bench; in 1604, at the instigation of John Randolph, he was impeached, and having been ar raigned in 1805, after a long trial his al leged imnroper conduct on the bench was approved'. Died June 19, 1311. He was a man of high character and rare benevo lence, and ft was to him that William Pink- ney was indebted for his education and subsequent success in life. Chase, Samuel. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829. Chastain, Edward W.— He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Georgia, from 1851 to 1855. Chavez, J. Francisco. — He was born in Padillas, Bernalillo County, New Mexi co, June 27, 1833; received a liberal-edu cation at St. Louis, Missouri; studied medi cine at the College of Physicians and Sur geons in New York ; and was devoted for seveial years to mercantile pursuits, and to the raising of cattle for the California market. In 1861 he entered the military service of the United States, and was ap pointed Major of the First Regiment of In fantry raised in New Mexico, and, after participating in several battles and seeing much active service on the frontier, he was BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 71 promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, and was mustered out at his own request in 1864 ; and in 1865 he was elected a Delegate from New Mexico to the Thirty- ninth Congress. Cheatham, Richard. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1837 to 1839. Died in September, 1845. Chestnut, Jr., James. — Born near Cam den, South Carolina, in 1815; graduated at Princeton College; from 1842 to 1852 was a member of the State Legislature; from 1854 to 1858 he was a member of the State Senate ; he was appointed to a seat in the United States Senate, taking the same during the second session of the Thir ty-fifth Congress, and was subsequently elected to that position, but was expelled July 11, 1861. He became identified with the Rebellion of 1861, as a member of the so-called Confederate Congress. Chetwood, William. — Born in New Jersey in 1769 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1792; and admitted to the bar in 1798. During the Whiskey Insurrection he attended Major General Lee as aide-de camp ; at one time served in the State Council of New Jersey, and was elected to Congress, from that State, to fill a vacan cy, during the administration of President Jackson. He was an able lawyer, prac ticed his profession until his seventieth year, and died December 18, 1857. Cheves, Langdon. — He was bom in Abbeville District, South Carolina, Sep tember 17, 1776 ; was admitted to the bar in 1801 ; elected to the State Legislature in 1808 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1809 ; and afterwards Attorney General of the State. He was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1811 to 1816, and was Speaker during the second session of the Thirteenth Congress. He was also a Commissioner of Claims under the treaty of Ghent ; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, from 1816 to 1819, and for a time President of the United States Bank. Resigning this trust, he returned to Carolina, and withdrew from public life. He died June 26, 1857. Childs, Jr., Thomas. — He was bom in New York, and was a Representative, from that State, during the Thirty-fourth Con gress. Childs, Timothy. — He was born in Massachusetts ; was a member of the As sembly of New York in 1828 and 1833 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1831, from 1835 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. Died at Santa Cruz, in November, 1847. Chilton, Samuel. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative' in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Chilton, Thomas. — He was a native of Kentucky, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1827 to 1831, and for a second term from 1833 to 1835. Chinn, Joseph W. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1831 to 1835, and, died at Richmond, De cember 5, 1840. Chinn, Thomas W. — He was born in Kentucky, and, removing to Louisiana, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Chipman, Daniel. — Bom in 1765, in Salisbury, Connecticut; graduated at Dart mouth in 1788; was a lawyer by profes sion, and practiced at Ripton, Vermont. He was for many years in the Legislature, and was frequently Speaker of the House of Representatives of his State, and a mem ber of the last State Constitutional Con vention ; he was the first reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court, and author of an able work on Law Contracts for 'the Sale of Specific Articles, which is highly esteemed by the profession. He was a member of Congress from 1814 to 1817, and died in Ripton, April 23, 1850. Chipman, John S. — He was bom in Vermont, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Michigan, from 1845 to 1847. Chipman, Nathaniel. — Born in Salis bury, Connecticut, November 15, 1752; graduated at Yale College in 1777; and settled as a lawyer in Tinmouth, Vermont, and was Professor of Law for twenty- eight years in Middlebury College. In 1786 he was elected a Judge of the Su preme Court ; in 1789 he was chosen Chief Justice ; and in 1791 was appointed Judge of the United States District Court. He was subsequently again elected Chief Jus tice, and from 1797 to 1803 he was a member of the United States Senate, from Vermont. In 1793he published " Sketches of the Principles of Government," and "Reports and Dissertations." He died at Tinmouth, February 15, 1843. 72 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Chipman, William W.— He was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Iowa, from 1839 to 1841. Chittenden, Martin. — He was bom in 1769, in Salisbury, Connecticut. He was a member of Congress, from Vermont, from 1803 to 1813, and Governor of Ver mont in 181 3 and 1814. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1739, and died in 1840. S Chittenden, T. C— He was bom in Massachusetts, and having removed to New York, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Twenty-seventh Congress. Choate, Rufus. — Was bom at Ipswich, Massachusetts, October 1, 1799. He grad uated at Dartmouth College in 1819, and was afterwards chosen a tutor in that insti tution, but having selected the law for his profession, he entered the Law School at Cambridge, and after spending a few months there went to Washington and studied with William Wirt. He completed his legal studies at an office in Salem, and commenced the practice of his profession in the town of Dan vers in 1824. In 1825 he was elected a Representative to the Massachusetts Legislature, and in 1827 he was in the Senate of the same State. He took a prominent part in the debates, and won much reputation by his energy and sagacity. In 1832 he was elected a mem ber of Congress from the Essex District, but declined a re-election in 1 834, and re moved to Boston, to devote himself to his profession. Here he took an eminent posi tion at the.bar, and soon came into an ex tensive practice. In 1841, on the retire ment of Mr. Webster from the Senate, Mr. Choate was elected to fill the vacancy, and at the close of his term he gave himself up wholly to his profession. He was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, but re signed the position. He was greatly dis tinguished for his eloquence, but his style of speaking was peculiar; his judgment in the management of causes was con sidered consummate. His published ora tions and arguments are quite numerous, and all of a high order. From Yale Col lege he received the degree of LL.D. He died at Halifax, Nova Scotia, while on his way to Europe for his health, July 12, 1859. His life and writings were published by Dr. S. G. Brown, and another life by E. G. Parker. J Chrisman, James S.— He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Christie, Gabriel. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1793 to 1797 and from 1799 to 1801. Christie, Henry. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1809 to 1811. Churchwell, 'William M. — He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1852 to 1855. Cilley, Bradbury. — He was a, Repre sentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1813 to 1817. Cilley, Jonathan. — He was bom in Nottingham, New Hampshire, July 2, 1802; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1825 ; adopted the profession of law, and admitted to the bar in 1829 ; was at one time Speaker of the House of Representa tives of Maine, of which he was a mem ber from 1832 to 1837 ; a Presidential Elec tor in 1832; and a member of Congress, from Maine, from 1837 to the time of his death. He was killed, at the third fire, in a duel fought with William J. Graves, at Bladensburg, Maryland, February 24, 1838, with rifles, at eighty yards distance. Cilley, Joseph.— He was bora in New Hampshire, and was a Senator in Con gress, from that State, from 1846 to 1847. Claggett, Clifton.— He was bora in Rockingham County, New Hampshire ; was Judge of Probate of Hillsborouo-h County from 1823 to 1827; Judge of th Superior Court one or two years ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 18U5, aud again from 1817 to 1821 ; and died in 1829, aged fifty- six years. Claiborne, John.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1805 to 1808. Died during the latter year. Claiborne, John P. H— Was a native of Natchez, Mississippi; educated and licensed as a lawyer in Virginia; was a Representative in the Legislature of Mis sissippi during three sessions, and a Rep resentative in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1835 to 1838; afterwards conducted the Natchez Free Trader, and also the Louisiana Courier, leading journals of the South, and was editor of an agricultural BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 73 journal published in New Orleans. He held the office of United States Timber Agent for the Districts of Louisiana and Mississippi, to which he was appointed by President Pierce. He wrbte an historical work relating to the Southwest. Claiborne, Nathaniel H. — He was born in Sussex County, Virginia ; served many years in the Legislature of that State ; was also a member of the Executive Coun cil ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 1837. Died in Franklin County, Virginia, August 15, 1859, aged eighty-three years. Claiborne, Thomas. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 1799, and again from 1801 to 1805. Claiborne, Thomas. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to 1819. Claiborne, William C. C— He studied law, and settled in Tennessee, of which State he assisted in forming the Constitu tion, and afterwards represented it in Con gress from 1797 to 1801. In 1801 he was appointed Governor of the Mississippi Ter ritory, and in 1804 of Louisiana, and to that office he was also chosen by the people, after the adoption of its Constitution, from 1812 to 1816. He was then elected a Sena- • tor of the United States, but died before he took his seat, at New Orleans, November 23, 1817. Clapp, Asa W. H. — He was born in Maine, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Clark, Abraham. — Born near Eliza- bethtown, New Jersey, February 15, 1726. He was a self-made man, and because of his habit of giving legal advice gratuitously he was called the "Poor Man's Counsellor." He was Sheriff and Clerk of the Colonial Assembly, one of the Delegates to the Con tinental Congress, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; and, after the adoption of the Constitution, was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1791 to 1794. He died Sep tember 15, 1794, of stroke of the sun. Clark Ambrose W. — He was born near Cooperstown, Otsego County, New York, February 19, 1810; received a com mon school education ; was employed in a printing office at Cooperstown until he became of age; published for five years the Otsego Republican; established and published for eight years, in Lewis County, the Northern Journal ; and also published for sixteen years the Northern New York Journal, in Watertown, Jefferson County. In 1859 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Printing. He was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress in 1862, and was Chairman of the Committee on Printing and a mem ber of the Committee on Accounts. In 1865 he was appointed by President Lin coln Consul at Valparaiso. Clark Beverly S. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849. Clark Christopher. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1804 to 1806. Clark, Daniel. — He was born in Strat- ham, Rockingham County, New Hamp shire, October 24, 1809 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1834 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1837 ; was a mem ber of the New Hampshire Legislature in the years 1842, 1843, 1846, 1854, and 1855; in 1857 he was elected a Senator in Con gress from New Hampshire, and in 1861 was re-elected for the term ending in 1867, serving as Chairman of the Committees on Claims, the Judiciary, Indian Affairs, and as a member of other important committees. During the first session of the Thirty-eighth Congress he was chosen President pro tem. of the Senate, but resigned the position at the close of the second session of the same Congress. In July, 1866, he resigned his seat in the Senate, and was appointed by President Johnson Judge of the United States District Court for New Hampshire. Clark, Jr., Ezra. — He was born in Ver mont, and having removed to Connecticut, was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Elections. Clark, Franklin. — He was born in Maine; a merchant by occupation; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Before en tering Congiess he served in the State Legislature, aud was a member of the Ex ecutive Council in 1 855. Clark Horace P. — He was born in Southbury, New Haven County, Connec ticut; graduated at' Williams College, Massachusetts ; adopted the law as a pro- 74 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. fession ; and was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress, from New York, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Clark, James. — He was born in Bedford County, Virginia, aud was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1813 to 1816, and again from 1825 to 183], and was Governor of the State in 1836. He died at Frankfort, Kentucky, August 27, 1839. Clark James W. — Born in Bertie County, North Carolina; graduated at Princeton College in 1796 ; was for several years in the House of Commons ; a Presi dential Elector in 1812; three years a member of the State Senate ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1815 to 1817. He was in 1828 ap pointed Chief Clerk of the Navy Depart ment, and died in the sixty-fifth year of his age. Clark John B.— Born in Madison County, Kentucky, April 17, 1602. A lawyer by profession ; removed to Missouri, and was appointed Clerk of Howard County Court in 1824, serving till 1634. In 1832 commanded a regiment of mounted militia during the Black Hawk war, and made Major General of militia in 1846; elected to the Legislature during the session of 1850-'51 ; was chosen by the State as com manding officer to expel the Mormons from Missouri; and was a member of the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Com mittee ou Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congiess, but took part in the Rebellion of 1661 as a Colonel, having been expelled from the House in July 1861. ¦'' Clark Lincoln.— He was born in Massachusetts, and, on removing to Iowa was elected a Representative in°Congress' .from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Clark, Lot. — He was bomin New York ; was a Representative in Congress from 1823 to 1625, when he was appointed Post master at Norwich, New York ; and was a member of the New York Assembly in 1846. J Clark M. S. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, during the years 1820 and 1621. Clark Robert.— He was bom in Wash ington County, New York, and was of Scotch descent : was a member of the Ah. sembly of that State from 1812 to 1815; a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1819 to 1821; and a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention held in the latter year. He subsequently adopted the medical profession, and settled in Mon roe, Michigan Territory, and by President Monroe was appointed Register of the Land Office for the Second Land District of said Territory. Clark, Samuel. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1333 to 1835 ; on removing to Michigan was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1653 to 1855. Clark William. — He was for some time prior to 1823 State Treasurer of Penn sylvania. In 1 628 was appointed Treasurer of the United States, and held the office for one year. From 1833 to 1837 he was a member of the House of Representatives in Congress from Pennsylvania. He died in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1851. Clarke, Archibald S— He was a member of the New York Senate for four • years, beginning with 1813, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1816 to 1617. He held the several positions of Clerk, Surrogate, and Judge ot Saratoga County. Died at Clar ence, New York, December 4, 1821, aged forty-three years. Clarke, Bayard.— Bom in New York City, March 17, 1815; educated at Geneva College, and studied law. In 1836 he was Attache and Secretary to General Cass's Embassy to France, and continued in that position four years. He then took a course of study at the Royal School of Cavalry, in France, and afterwards served in the Second Regiment of Dragoons through the Florida war. He resigned in 1843, and settled at Westchester, New York, which District he represented in the Thirty-fourth Congress. Clarke, Charles E.— He was bora in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 16.j1. In 1639 and 1640 he was a member of the New York Assembly from Jefferson County. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 75 Clarke, Daniel. — He was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Orleans or Louisiana, from 1806 to 1809. Clarke, Freeman. — He was born in Troy, New York, March 22, 1809 ; com menced active life as a merchant, but for twenty-seven years was engaged in the banking business, first as Cashier of the Bank of Orleans, at Albion, and subse quently as President of several banks in Rochester. He also held the offices of Vice-President and Treasurer of one or more savings banks and of several import ant railroad companies. In 1856 he was a Presidential Elector, and was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a mem ber of the Committees on Manufactures and Invalid Pensions. In March, 1865, he was appointed Comptroller of the Cur rency in the Treasury Department. Clarke, Henry S. — Born in Beaufort County, North CaroUna. He studied law ; went into the State Legislature in 1834; was Solicitor for the State in 1842 ; and a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina,' from 1845 to 1847. Clarke, John C. — He was born in Con necticut ; served in the Assembly of New York in lo26 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1837 to 1843. Clarke, John H. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1847 to 1853. Clarke, Reader Wright. — He was born in Bethel, Clermont County, Ohio, May 18, 1812. He obtained a good En glish education, and when fifteen, years of age learned the trade of a printer, with which he has since been connected. He studied law, and came to the bar in 1836. In 1840 and 1841 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature; was a Delegate in 1844 to the Baltimore Convention, and was a Presidential Elector at the ensuing elec tion ; in 1846 he was appointed Clerk of the Supreme and Common Pleas Courts of Clermont County, which he held for six years ; was a Delegate to the Chicago Con vention of 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and on Print ing. Clarke, Sidney. — Born in Southbridge, Massachusetts, October 16, 1831 ; received a common school education ; adopted the profession of an editor, and published the Southbridge Press. In 1858 he emigrated to Kansas, and settled in Lawrence ; was a member in 1862 of the State Legislature ; subsequently rendered military service against the Rebellion as a Captain of vol unteers and Assistant Provost Marshal General for Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, and Dakota, serving in the latter capacity until 1864, when he was elected a Repre sentative from Kansas to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, Indian Affairs, and on the Death of President Lincoln, and also on the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Clarke, Staley N. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1841 to 1843. Clarkson, Matthew. — He was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1785 to 1786. Clawson, Isaiah D. — He was born in Woodstown, New Jersey, March 30, 1822; graduated at Princeton College in 1840 ; studied medicine in the University of Penn sylvania, taking his degree in 1843; was a member of the New Jersey Assembly in 1853; and was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fourth Con gress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Clay, Brutus J. — He was born in Madi son County, Kentucky, July 1, 1 808 ; was educated at Danville College, Kentucky, and settled in Bourbon County as a farmer in 1837. In 1840 he served in the State Legislature; was subsequently elected President of the Bourbon County Agricul tural Society, which position he still holds. In 1853 he was elected President of the State Agricultural Society, was re-elected for four years, and then declined a re-elec tion ; was again elected to the Legislature in I860 ; and was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Agriculture, and as a member on that of Revolutionary Pensions. Ever since his boyhood he has been devoted to agriculture, and especially to the raising of choice breeds of cattle. Clay, Clement C. — He was born in Halifax County, Virginia, December 17, 1789 ; graduated at the University of East 76 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Tennessee ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1809 ; and removed to Hunts- ville, Alabama, in 1811, where he has re sided ever since. During the Creek war he saw some service as a soldier. He practiced his profession until 1817, when he was elected a member of the Territorial Council of Alabama; in 1819 he was chosen one of the Judges of the Circuit Court ; in 1 820 was chosen Chief Justice of that Court, and resigned in 1823; in 1828 he was elected to the State Legisla ture, and was made Speaker; he was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1827 to 1835; in 1835 he was elected Governor of Alabama, serving two years ; and in 1837 he was elected a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1842. Clay, Jr., Clement C. — He was born in Madison, Alabama, about the year 1819; graduated at the University of Alabama, and spent two years at the University of Virginia; studied law, and commenced the practice at Huntsville, Alabama, in 1840 ; served in the Legislature of Alabama in 1842, 1844, and 1615; and was elected by the Legislature, in 1846 Judge of the Madison County Court, serving two years, when he resigned. In 1652 he was a Presi dential Elector, and in 1853 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Ala bama, and in 1859 was re-elected for the term of six years, receiving every vote in the Legislature. Expelled from the Senate March 14, 1861, and took part in the Re bellion of that year. He was subsequently confined in Fortress Monroe as a prisoner of state, but finally released by President Johnson on his parole. Clay, Henry. — Bom in Hanover Coun ty, Virginia, April 12, 1777. Having re ceived a common school education, he became, at an early age, a copyist in the office of the Clerk of the Court of Chancery, at Richmond. At nineteen he commenced the study of law, and shortly afterwards removed to Lexington, Kentucky, where he was admitted to the bar in 1799, and soon obtained extensive practice. He be gan his political career by taking an active part in the election of Delegates to frame a new Constitution for the State of Ken tucky. In 1803 he was elected to the Legislature by the citizens of Fayette County, and in 1806 he was appointed to the United States Senate for the remainder of the term of General Adair, who had re signed. In 1807 he was again elected a member of the General Assembly of Ken tucky, and was chosen Speaker. In the following year occurred his duel with Humphrey Marshall. In 1809 he was again elected to the United States Senate for the unexpired term of Mr. Thurston, resigned. In 1811 he was elected a mem ber of the House of Representatives, and was chosen Speaker on the first day of his appearance in that body, and was five times re-elected to this office. During this session his eloquence aroused the country to re'sist the aggressions of Great Britain, and awakened a national spirit. In 1814 he was appointed one of the Commissioners to negotiate a treaty of peace at Ghent. Returning from this mission, he was re elected to Congress, and in 1818 he spoke in favor of recognizing the independence of the South American Republics. In the same year he put forth his strength in be half of a national system of internal im provements. A monument of stone, in scribed with his name, was erected on the Cumberland road, to commemorate his ser vices in behalf of that improvement. In the session of 1819-20 he exerted himself for the establishment of protection to American industry, and this was followed by services in adjusting the Missouri Com promise. After the settlement of these questions, he withdrew from Congress, in order to attend to his private affairs. In 1823 he returned to Congress, and was re elected Speaker ; and at this session he exerted himself in support of the inde pendence of Greece. Under John Quincy Adams he filled the office of Secretary of State. The attack upon Mr. Adams's ad ministration, and especially upon the Sec retary of State, by John Randolph, led to a hostile meeting between him and Mr. Clay, which terminated without bloodshed. In 1329 he returned to Kentucky, and in 1 831 was elected to the United States Sen ate, where he commenced his labors in favor of the tariff. In the same month of his reappearance in the Senate he was unanimously nominated for President of the United States. In 1836 he was re elected to the Senate, where he remained until 1842, when he resigned, and took his final leave, as he supposed, of that body. In 1839 he was again nominated for the Presi dency, but General Harrison was selected as the candidate. He also received the nomination in 1844 for President, and was defeated in this election by Mr. Polk. He remained in retirement in Kentucky until 1849, when he was re-elected to the Senate of the United States for the term ending in 1855. Here he devoted all his energies to the measures known as the Compromise Acts. His efforts during this session im paired his strength, and he went for his health to Havana and New Orleans, but BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 77 with no permanent advantage. He re turned to Washington, but was unable to participate in the active duties of the Sen ate, and resigned his seat, to take effect upon the 6th of September, 1852. He died in Washington City, June 29, 1852. He was interested in the success of the Colo nization Society, and was for a long time one of its most efficient officers, and also its President. His Life and Letters, and also his Speeches, were published in several volumes by the late Calvin Colton. Clay, James B. — Born in Washington City, November 9, 1817. He received his classical education at Transylvania Uni versity, in Kentucky, and at the age of fifteen went to Boston, where he spent two years in a counting-house. From Boston he emigrated to St. Louis, Missouri, then a city of only eight thousand, and settled upon a farm ; and when twenty-one years of age, he returned to Kentucky. After spending two years in the manufacturing business, he graduated at the Law School of Lexington, and practiced law as the partner of his father, the Honorable Henry Clay, until 1849; and during that year President Taylor appointed him Charge' d'Affaires to Lisbon ; and having returned home by order of the Government, he was mentioned byname in President Fillmore's Message of 1850. In 185 1 he again took up his residence in Missouri, but returned to Kentucky in 1853, when he became the proprietor of Ashland. He was elected to Congress in 1857, serving one term, and on the Committee on Foreign Relations. He was also a member of the Peace Con vention of 1861, held in Washington. He was identified with the Rebellion of 1861, and died in Montreal, January 26, 1864. Clay, Joseph. — He was an earnest patriot during the Revolution, and was a Delegate, from Georgia, to the Continental Congress, from 1778 to 1780. His son, bearing the same name, became promi nent as a Judge, and also as a Baptist preacher. Clay Joseph. — He graduated at Prince ton College in 1764 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1808, when he resigned, and died in 1811. Clay, Matthew. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1797 to 1813. Died in 1815. Clayton, Augustin S. — Born in Fred ericksburg, Virginia, November 27, 1783, and died at his residence, in Athens, Geor gia, June 21, 1839. He was educated at the University of Georgia ; read law, and practiced it with eminent success ; served in the State Legislature; was appointed Judge of the Superior Court ; was a Presi dential Elector in 1829 ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1831 to 1835. He was for many years skeptical on the subject of the Christian religion, but at the time of his death was a sincere believer, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He acquired some distinction as a politician, and the political pamphlet called "Crockett's Life of Van Buren," is said to have been the production of his pen. Clayton, John M. — Born in Sussex County, Delaware, July 24, 1796 ; gradu ated at Yale College in 1815; was bred to the bar, having studied law in the office of John Clayton, and for a time in the Law School at Litchfield, Connecticut. He commenced practice in 1818, and soon at tained eminence in his profession. He was, in 1824, elected to the State Legislature, and subsequently Secretary of State of Delaware ; and in 1829 was chosen a Sena tor in Congress. He was re-elected in 1835, and resigned in December, 1 836. In January, 1837, was appointed Chief Jus tice of Delaware, which office he resigned in 1839. He was again elected to the Federal Senate in 1845, and was a Senator until 1849, when he became Secretary of State under President Taylor, which posi tion he occupied until the death of Taylor, in July, 1850. During this period he ne gotiated the famous Clayton-Bulwer Trea ty. He was for the third time elected to the Senate, and took his seat March, 1851, and died a Senator, November 9, 1856. During his last term in the Senate, he vin dicated, with marked ability, the principles of the treaty which he inaugurated. At the bar he was a learned lawyer and an eloquent advocate ; and during his whole public career acquitted himself uprightly, with dignity and recognized ability. Clayton, Joshua. — He was the Gover nor of Delaware from 1793 to 1796, and was chosen a Senator of the United States in 1798, and died the following year. Clayton, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1813 to 1817, and United Stales Senator from 1823 to 1826, and again from 1837 to 1847. He had been at different periods a member of the Delaware Legislature, Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and 78 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. of the Superior Court. He died in New castle, Delaware, August 21, 1854, aged seventy-six years. Cleaveland, J. F. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1836 to 1839, but subsequently removed to Charleston, where he became a merchant, and died May 19, 1841. Clemens, Jeremiah. — He was born in Huntsville, Alabama, December 26, 1814, and was educated at La Grange College and the University of Alabama. He studied law at the University of Transyl vania, in Kentucky, and was admitted to the bar in 1834. In 1838 he was appointed United States Attorney for the Northern District of Alabama; in 1839, 1840, and 1841, he was elected to the State Legisla ture; in 1642 raised a company of volun teer troops, and went to Texas, having been appointed Lieutenant Colonel, and subsequently to the same office in the regu lar army; in 1843 aud 1844 he was again elected to the Legislature; in 1844 served as a Presidential Elector; in 1848 was ap pointed Governor of the Civil and Military Department of Purchase in Mexico, which position he held until the close of the war ; and he was a Senator in Congress, from Alabama, from 1849 to 1853. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1 856. As an au thor Mr. Clemens has published two novels, entitled "Bernard Lile" and "Mustang Gray," the first in 1853 and the last in 1857. He was subsequently an editor. Died in Huntsville, May 21, 1865. Clemens, Sherrard. — Born at Wheel ing, Virginia, April 28, 1826; graduated at Washington College, Pennsylvania; a lawyer by profession ; and during political campaigns has held several confidential positions in his native State; and was elected a member of Congress, from De cember, 1852, to March, 1653, and elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and Revolu tionary Pensions. In 1856 he was chosen a Presidential Elector. In 1859 he was wounded in a duel fought with Mr. Wise, and was prevented from attendinc the second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Com merce. Clements, Andrew J. — Born in Jack son County, Tennessee, in 1832 ; received a common school education; studied medi cine, and graduated at the University of Tennessee in 1858, after which he prac ticed his profession ; and in 1861 was elect ed a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty -seventh Congress. Clendenen, David. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1815 to 1817. Cleveland, Chauncey P. — Bom in Hampton, Connecticut, in 1799; was edu cated in the common schools of that vicini ty; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819; he was in the Connecticut Legislature in 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1832, 1835, 1836, 1838, 1847, and 1848, and twice elected Speaker. He was appointed Attorney for the State in 1832 ; was Gov ernor of Connecticut in 1842 and 1843; and he received from Yale College the de gree of LL.D. He was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1853 ; a member of the Peace Congress of 1861, and Presi dential Elector in I860. Clifford, Nathan. — He was born in Rumney, Grafton County, New Hampshire, August i8, 1803. He fitted for college at the Haverhill Academy, and completed his education at Hampton Literaiy Institution. He studied law, and, after being admitted to the bar, removed to Maine in 1827. He was elected to the Legislature, from York County, in 1830, and re-elected for three years, during the last two occupying the post of Speaker. In 1634 he was appoint ed Attorney General for the State of Maine, which office he held four years; and he was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1843. In 1846 he was appointed, by President Polk, Attorney General of the United States, which office he held until March, 1847, when he was appointed Com missioner to Mexico. When peace was declared between this country and Mexico he was appointed Minister to that Repub lic. On his return to the United States he settled in Portland, devoting himself to his profession; and in 1358 was appointed, by President Buchanan, an Associate Jus tice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Clinch, Duncan L.— Was a General in the United States Army, and from 1843 to 1845 a Representative in Congress from Georgia. He was a brave soldier and noble-hearted man. Died at Macon, Geor gia, October 23, 1849. Clingan, William— He was a delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Con gress from 1777 to 1779, aud was a signer of the Articles of Confederation. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 79 Clingman, Thomas L. — Born in Hunts ville, Surry County, North Carolina; grad uated at Chapel Hill University ; studied law, but just as he was about to enter upon the practice he was elected to the House of Commons of the State. On his retirement from the Legislature in 1836, he removed to Ashville, in Buncombe County. He was soon after elected to a seat in the State Senate of North Carolina. In 1 843 he was elected to Congress, and with the exception of one term, was a member of the House of Representatives until the Thirty-fifth Congress, when he was appointed Chair man of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. On the resignation of A. Biggs, he was ap pointed a Senator in Congress, and in No vember, 1858, his appointment was con firmed by the Legislature. He made con tributions to the sciences of geology and mineralogy, and brought to light many facts connected with the mountains of North Carolina, one of the highest peaks of which it was his fortune to explore and measure, and which now bears his name. He took part in the Rebellion of 1881 as a Colonel, having been expelled from the Senate in July, 1861, to which he had been re-elected for the term commencing in March, 1861. Clinton, He Witt. — Born at Little Britain, in Orange County, New York,- March 2, 1769. He graduated at Colum bia College, with the highest honors, in 1786. He studied law, but never engaged much in its practice. He was elected to the Senate of New York in 1799. In July, 1802, he fought a duel with Mr. Swartwout, arising from political controversy concern ing Mr. Burr. He was a Senator of the United States from 1802 to 1803, and was chosen Mayor of New York in 1803, hold ing this office until 1815, excepting the years 1807andl810. While he was Mayor, he was also for several years a State Sena tor, and the Lieutenant Governor. Under his auspices, also, the Historical Society of New York, of which he was at one time President, and the Academy of Fine Arts were incorporated, the New York City Hall was founded, the Orphan Asylum estab lished, and the city fortified. He took a great interest, as early as 1817, in, and did more than any other man in behalf of, the Erie Canal, and that great work was finish ed during his administration as Governor, in 1825. In 1812 he consented to become the candidate of the Peace party for the Presidency of the United States. In 1823 and 1824 he was President of the Board of Canal Commissioners and during the latter year was elected Governor of the State, and in 1826 was re-elected to the same office ; he afterwards declined the embassy to England, offered to him by President Adams. He died at Albany, February 11 , 1828. Clinton, George. — Born in Ulster County, New York, July 26, 1739, and died at Washington City, April 20, 1812. He commenced life by sailing in a priva teer ; served as a Lieutenant in the expe dition against Fort Frontenac; he after wards studied law ; was a member of the Colonial Assembly, and also of the Pro vincial Congress in 1775 ; he was appoint ed a Brigadier General in 1777; was Gov ernor of New York for eighteen years ; from 1795 to 1800 he lived in retirement ; was again chosen Governor in 1804; and hay ing been elected Vice-President of the United States during the last year, he re tained the office until his death, consequent ly officiating as President of the Senate a period of eight years. Clinton, Jr. George. — He was born in New York ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1801 and 1802 ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1804 to 1809. Clinton, James G. — He was bom in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1841 to 1845. Clopton, David. — Born in Georgia in 1820, and elected a Representative, from Alabama, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Resigned in Feb ruary, 1861 , to take part in the Rebellion of that year. Clopton, John. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1795 to 1799, and again from 1801 to 1816. Died September 11, 1816. Clowney, W. K. — He was bora in South Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1818 ; adopted the pro- fessionoflaw;wasCommissionerinEquityof South Carolina ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1837 to 1839. Clymer, George. — He was bom in Philadelphia in 1739, and was a patriot of the Revolution. He engaged in mercantile pursuits, and early espoused the cause of his country. In 1773 he resolutely op posed the sale of tea sent out by the Brit- 80 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. ish Government, and not a pound was sold in Philadelphia. In 1775 he was one of the first Continental Treasurers. In 1776 he was a member of Congiess, and signed the Declaration of Independence. In J 774 his furniture was destroyed by the enemy. In 1780 he co-operated with Robert Morris in the establishment of a bank for the re lief of the country. He was a member of the old Congress in 1780, and a Represen tative, under the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791, from Pennsylvania. He was also a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument. In 1791 he was placed at the head of the Excise Department in Penn sylvania. In 1796 he was sent to Georgia to negotiate a treaty with the Creek and Cherokee Indians. He was afterwards President of the Philadelphia Bank and of the Academy of Fine Arts. He died at Morrisville, Bucks County, January 23, 1813. Cobb, Amasa. — Bom in Crawford County, Illinois, September 27, 1823; re ceived a common school education ; emi grated to Wisconsin Territory in 1842 ; spent five years in the lead mining business, and served in the Mexican war as a private soldier, during which time he occasionally read law, and at the end of the war he be gan to practice the legal profession. In 1850 he was elected a District Attorney, and served four years ; in 1854 was elected to the State Senate, and served two years ; in 1855 he was appointed Adjutant Gen eral of the State, and again in 1857; was elected to the State Legislature in 1860j re-elected in 1861, and chosen Speak er; in 1662 he served in the volunteer service as Colonel of the Fifth Wisconsin Regiment, and was elected a Represen tative, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the Militia, and Chair man of the Joint Committee on En rolled Bills. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Enrolled Bills, District of Columbia, and Mines and Mining. Cobb, David.— He graduated at Prince ton College in 1783 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1793 to 1795; and was also a member of the State Legislature. He died April 17 1830. * Cobb, George T— He was borne in New Jersey, and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Cobb, Howell. — The uncle of Secreta ry Cobb, and for whom he was named, was bom in Granville, North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1807 to 1812. During the last war with England he served with credit as a Captain in the army, and after peace was declared he settled upon a plantation, and devoted his whole attention to agriculture. He died about the year 1820. Cobb, Howell — He was bom at Cher ry Hill, in Jefferson County, Georgia, Sep tember 7, 1815. When a child, his father removed to Athens, Georgia, where he has since resided. He graduated at Franklin College in 1834 ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1836 ; was a Presi dential Elector in that year; in 1837 he received the appointment of Solicitor Gen eral of the AYestern Circuit, which he held four years ; and he was elected a Repre sentative in Congress in 1842, having been re-elected in 1844, 1846, and 1848, and during his latter terrn he was elected Speaker. On his retirement from Con gress, he was chosen Governor of Georgia ; in 1855 he was again elected to Congress; and on the accession of Mr. Buchanan to the Presidency, Governor Cobb went into his Cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury. He took a prominent part in the Rebellion of 1861 , and was a member of the so-called Confederate Congress, and a Brigadier General. Cobb, Thomas W.— He was bom in Columbia County, Georgia, in 1784, and attained a high position as a lawyer. He was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1617 to 1821, and again from 1823 to 1824; and he was a Senator in Congress from 1824 to 1828. He was subsequently chosen a Judge of the Supe rior Court, and died in Greensborough, February 1, 1830. He was the author of many political Essays. Cobb, 'Williamson R. W.— He was born in Ray County, Tennessee, in 1807, and m 1809 his father removed to Madison County, Alabama, with the prosperity of which State his name has been identified for many years. He received a good com mon school education, and then turned his attention to farming. From this pursuit he was called, in ] 845, to a seat in the State Leg islature, where he remained two years. In 164/ he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, in which capa city^ served his adopted State, by suc cessive re-elections, down to 1 660. During eight years of his Congressional career he BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 81 has officiated as Chairman of the Commit tee on Unfinished Business, and the bal ance of the time as Chairman of the Com mittee on Public Lands. The credit is awarded to him of having engineered through Congress the Bounty Land Bill of 1850, and the Graduation Bill of 1854. He was killed by the accidental discharge of a pistol in Alabama, in November, 1864. He had served in the Confederate Congress, but was expelled therefrom on account of disloyalty to the Confederacy. Coburn, Stephen. — He. was born in Maine, and in January, 1861, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, for the unexpired term of Israel Washburn, Jr., resigned. Cochran, James. — He was a Major of militia, and represented the State of New York in Congress, from 1797 to 1799. He died at Oswego, New York, November 7, 1848, aged seventy-nine years. He was at one time Postmaster of Oswego. Cochrane, Clark B. — Born in New Boston, New Hampshire, May 31, 1815; graduated at Union College, Schenectady, New York ; a lawyer by profession ; mem ber of the New York Legislature in 1843 and 1844; and a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from New York, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. He was also re elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Pri vate Land Claims. He was also a Dele gate to the Baltimore Convention .of 1864. Cochrane, John. — Bom at Palatine, Montgomery County, New York; studied at Union College and graduated at Hamil ton College, New York; is a lawyer by profession; was Surveyor of the port of New York for four years, and elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, acting as Chair man of the Committee on Commerce. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Commerce. Also served as a Gen eral of volunteers in the Union army in 1861-2; and he was subsequently elected Attorney General of the State of New York. In -1864 he was nominated for the office of Vice-President of the United States, on the ticket with J. C. Fremont. Cocke, John. — He was born in Bruns wick County, Virginia, 1772; in early life he emigrated to Tennessee, adopted the pro fession of law, and became a member of the first Legislature of the State, in 1796 ; 6 he was Speaker of the House for many years, aud also a member of the Senate. From 1819 to 1827 he was a Representa tive in Congress, from his adopted State. He died in Grundy county, Tennessee, February 16, 1854. Cocke, William.— He was born in Vir ginia, participated in the military, civil, legislative, and judicial services of that State; and on removing to Tennessee, be came a General of militia; served in the State Legislature in 1813; became one of the Judges of the Circuit Court ; and was a Senator in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1796 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1305 ; and was appointed in 1814, by Presi dent Madison, Indian Agent for the Chick asaw nation. Cocke, William M. — He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, ending in 1849. Cockerell, Joseph R. — He was born in Virginia, and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committees on Public Expenditures and Expenses in the War Department. Cockran, James. — A Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1809 to 1813. Coffee, John. — He was a member of Congress, from Georgia, from 1833 to 1837, aud died in Telfair County, of that State, September 25, 1836. Coffin, Charles G. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1838 to 1839. Coffin, Peleg.— He was born Septem ber, 1756, and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1793 to 1795. He served a number of years in the State Senate, and was State Treasurer from 1797 to 1802. Died March 6, 1805. Coffroth, Alexander H. — Bom in Som erset, Somerset County, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1828 ; was self-educated ; read law and commenced the practice in 1851 ; was a dele gate to the Charleston Convention in 1860, and was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, aud served on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and on Expendi tures in the Interior Department. He was 82 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions, but his seat was successfully con tested by Mr. Koontz. Coit, Joshua. — Born in New London, Connecticut, October 7, 1758; graduated at Harvard University in 1776 ; he studied law and settled in New London in 1779 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1793 to 1798. He also served a number of years in the Legislature of Connecticut. Died in New London, September 5, 1798, of yellow fever. Coke, Richard. — He was a lawyer by profession, and possessed talents of a high order, and an energy seldom equalled, fie was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1829 to 1833, and for many years a prominent member of the bar. He died in Abingdon, Virginia, March 30, 1851. Colcock William F. — He was born in South Carolina ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1323; adopted the pro fession of law ; was a member of the State Leg;slature, and Speaker of the House; and was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1849 to 1853. Colden, Cadwallader D. — He was for many years a prominent member of the New York bar ; served also in the Legisla ture of that State ; held the post of District Attorney of the United States for many years ; was at one time Mayor of New York ; and a member of Congress, from 1821 to 1823. He was an early and inti mate friend of Robert Fulton, and wrote his biography ; he was highly respected for his talents and virtues, and died in Jersey City, New Jersey, February 7, 1834, aged sixty-five years. Cole, Cornelius. — Born in Lodi, New York, September 17, 1822 ; bred to the busi ness of a farmer ; graduated at the Wesleyan University in Connecticut ; adopted the pro fession of law ; emigrated to California in 1849, and mined for gold one year; sub sequently prosecuted his profession in San Francisco and Sacramento; was District Attorney at the latter place for two years ; and in 1663 he was elected a Representa tive, from California, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on ,Post Offices aud Post Roads. From 1856 to 1860 he was a member of the National Re publican Committee, and during the Presi- .'dential campaign of 1860 was the editor of .a newspaper in California. Was elected to .the Senate for the term commencing in 1867. Cole, George E. — Was born in Oneida county, New York, December 23, 1826; went to Iowa in 1 849 ; crossed the plains to California in 1850, and went to Oregon the same year ; was a member of the Ore gon Legislature in 1851, 1852, and 1853; during the years 1859 and 1860 he was Clerk of the United States District Court for Oregon ; removed to Washington Ter ritory in 1861 ; and in 1863 he was elected a Delegate from Washington Territory to the Thirty-eighth Congress. Cole, Orsamus. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Wisconsin, from 1849 to 1851. Coleman, Nicholas D. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1829 to 1831, and was in that year appointed Postmaster at Maysville, Ken tucky. Coles, Isaac. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1793 to 1797. Coles, Walter. — He was born in Vir ginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1835 to 1845. Colfax, Schuyler. — Bom in New York City, March 23, 1823 ; received a good com mon school education ; was bred a printer, and settled in Indiana in 1836. He has been the editor and publisher of the South Bend Register ever since he became of age; was a member, in 1850, of the Indiana Constitutional Convention; in 1648 and 1652 he was a Delegate to the Whig Na tional Convention of those years, and the Secretary of each Convention. He was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and was re elected to each successive Congress, in cluding the Thirty-eighth, serving during two of his terms as Chairman of the Com mittee on Post Offices and Post Roads. He was also a Regent of the Smithsonian Insti tution ; was elected Speaker of the Thirty- eighth Congress. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress ; again made Speaker; and subsequently visited the coast of the Pacific on a tour of pleasure, described in a Lec ture which he delivered in various parts of the country. Collamer, Jacob. — He was born in Troy, New York, in 1792, but when a child removed with his father to Burling ton, Vermont. He graduated at the Uni versity of Vermont in 1810; served as a subaltern during the first campaign of the BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 83 last war with England; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1813; practiced his profession until 1833, during which time he was for several years a member of the State Legislature, aud from 1833 to 1841 he was Judge of the Supreihe Court of Vermont. In 1843 he took his seat as a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, serving by re-elections until 1849 ; in March of that year he was appointed Postmaster General in the cabinet of President Taylor ; resigned in 1850, with the rest of the cab inet, on the death of the President, and was soon afterwards reappointed on the Supreme Bench of his State, which office he held until 1854, when he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Vermont, for six years, from 1855; and in 1861 he was re elected for the term ending in 1867, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads, also that on the Library, and as a member of several other important committees. He received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Ver mont, and from Dartmouth College, New Hampshire. Died in Woodstock, Vermont, November 8, 1865. Collier, John A. — He was a Represen tative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1838. Collin, John F. — Born in Hillsdale, Columbia County, New York, April 30, 1802. He received a common school edu cation, and has devoted himself to agricul tural pursuits. He served in the State Legislature in 1834, was a member for some years of the County Board of Super visors, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847. Collins, Ela. — Born in Meriden, Con necticut, February 14, 1786; studied law, and commenced practice in Oneida County, New York ; was for twenty years a District Attorney, displaying ability as an advo cate, and during the latter part of his life devoted much attention to farming. He commanded a regiment of militia near Sackett's Harbor, New York, in 1 8 14 ; rep resented Lewis County in the Legislature of the State, aud in 1821 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention; he was in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1825 ; and died at Lowville, Lewis County, November 23, 1848. Collins, John. — Governor of Rhode Island, from 1786 to 1789, succeeding William Greene. He was a patriot of the Revolution, a Delegate to the old Congress from 1778 to 1783, and a signer of the Articles of Confederation ; and elected a Representative in Congress in 1789. He died at Newport, in Siarch, 1795, aged seventy-eight. Collins, William. — He was the son of Ela, and bom in Oneida County, New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. He studied law, and was District Attorney for Lewis County, until he removed to Cleveland, Ohio. Colquit, Alfred H. — He was a native of Georgia, graduated at Princeton College in 1844 ; a Representative in Congiess, from that State, from 1853 to 1855, and a Presidential Elector in 1861 . Colquitt, W. T. — He was bom in Hal ifax County, Virginia, December 27, 1799; was educated at Princeton College, and admitted to the bar in 1820. He was a Brigadier General of militia at the age of twenty- one ; in 1826 was appointed a Dis trict Judge, and held the first court ever held in Columbus; was appointed to the same office in 1829 ; was a member of the State Senate in 1834 and 1837 ; a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1839 to 1843, aud a Senator in Congress from 1 843 to 1849. He was also a mem ber of the Nashville Convention in 1850 ; and he died at Macon, Georgia, May 7, 1855. Colston, Edward.— Bom in Berkeley County, Virginia, in 1768, and graduated at Princeton College in 1806. He served for along time as Magistrate of the County, and in the capacity of High Sheriff; was frequently a member of the State Legisla ture ; and was a Representative in Congress from Virginia, from 1817 to 1819. He died April 23, 1851. Comegys, Joseph P. — Son of Corne lius P. Comegys, formerly Governor of the State of Delaware; was born in St. Jone's Neck, at Cherbourg, near Dover, Delaware, December 29, 1813 ; was educated at Dover Academy. In May, 1831, entered the office of J. M. Clayton as a student of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1835. Elected a member of the House of Representatives of the State in 1842 and 1848. In January, 1851, was appointed by the General Assem bly one of a committee of three to revise the statutes of the State. In November, 1856, was chosen by the Governor to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate, occasioned by the death of John M. Clay ton. 84 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Comins, Linus B. — Bom in Charlton, Massachusetts, in 1817 ; graduated at the "Worcester County Manual Labor High School;" and was devoted to mercantile business, and to manufacturing. He was a member of the Roxbury City Council in 1846, and in 1847 and 1846 President of the Council; in 1854 he was Mayor of Rox bury , and having been, soon after, elected to Congress, from Massachusetts, con tinued in that position to the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Commerce. Comstock Oliver C. — He was a mem ber of the New York Assembly in 1810 and 1812, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1819. Condict, John. — He was born in 1755 ; was a soldier and surgeon during the Rev olutionary war; he was a member of the New Jersey Legislature for several years ; a Representative in Congiess, from that State, from 1799 to 1803; a Senator in Congress, from 1803 to 1817 ; and again a Representative during the years 1819 and 1820. He died May 4, 1834. Condict, Lewis. — Bom at Morristown, New Jersey, in March, 1773, and was a physician of eminence. From 1805 to 1810 he was a member of the New Jersey Legis lature, the two latter years officiating as Speaker; in 1807 was a Commissioner for settling the boundary between New York and New Jersey ; and he was a Represent ative in Congress from 181] to 1817, and from 1821 to 1833. In 1841 he was also a Presidential Elector. He was also at one time Sheriff of Morris County, and died at Morristown, New Jersey, May 26, 1862. . Condit, Silas. — He was a delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 1784; and his son bearing the same name was a Representative in the Federal Congress. Condit, Silas. — Born in New Jersey in 1777 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1795 ; was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1831 to 1833. He was a member of the Convention which formed the State Constitution of 1844; for many years President of the Newark Bank ing Company, and was frequently elected to the Legislature of New Jersey. Died at Newark, New Jersey, November 29 1861. Conger, Harmon S. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1847 to 1851. Connecticut. His native State was Conger, James L. — He was bom in New Jersey, and on removing to Michigan, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1851 to 1853. Conkling, Alfred. — He was bom in East Hampton, Suffolk County, New York, October 12, 1789 ; graduated at Union Col lege ; studied law and came to the bar in 1812; was District Attorney for Mont gomery County for two or three years ; and was elected a Representative from New York to tbe Seventeenth Congress. He then settled in Albany, and in 1825 was appointed by President Adams Judge of the United States for the Northern District of New York, his nomination having been unanimously confirmed by the Senate. While upon the bench he wrote two law books that were much needed by the pro fession, one of them entitled "Conkling's Treatise," and the other "Conkling's Ad miralty." In 1852 he was appointed by President Fillmore Minister to Mexico, and on his return from that mission he set tled at Genesee, New York, and devoted himself mainly to literary pursuits, in cluding the preparation and publication of new editions of his law books. Two of his sons were Representatives in Con gress. Conkling, Frederick A. — He was born in Montgomery County, New York. Au gust 22, 1816; was bred a merchant, and has followed that occupation in the city of New York ; was a member of the Assem bly of New York in 1854, 1859, and 1860; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Conkling, Roscoe. — Was born in Al bany in 1828; received a good education; adopted the profession of law ; in 1849 he was appointed District Attorney for Oneida County ; in 1853 he was elected Mayor of Utica, to which place he had removed in 1846; and at the close of 1858 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on a Bankrupt Law, and also as Chairman of that on the District of Columbia; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. His father, Alfred Conkling, and his brother, Frederick A., were also BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 85 Representatives in Congress. In the Thir ty-ninth Congress he served on the Com mittees of Ways and Means and Recon struction. Conner, Henry W. — Born in Prince George County, Virginia, in August, 1 793 ; educated at the University of South Caro lina, where he graduated in 1812; in 1814 he was aide-de-camp to General Joseph Graham in the Creek war; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1821 to 1341, when he declined a re-eleetion ; and having, in 1848, served in the General Assembly, he also declined a re-eleetion to that office, and retired to private life. Died in North Carolina, Jan uary 15, 1866. Conner, Samuel S. — He was born in New Hampshire; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1806 ; was a Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army in 18!2 (18th In fantry;) was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1817. He also held the office of Surveyor Gene ral in Ohio in 1819. He died at Covington, Kentucky, December 17, 1820. Conness, John. — He was born in Ire land in 1822, but came to this country when thirteen years of age; was among the first emigrants to California, where he became engaged in mining and mercantile pursuits. In 1852 he was elected to the State Legislature, and was re-elected three times. In 1859 he was candidate for Lieu tenant Governor of California, and in 1861 candidate for Governor of the Union Demo cratic party. In 1863 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from California, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Finance and the Pacific Road ; as Chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining, and as a member also of that on Post Offices and Post Roads. Conrad, Charles M. — He was bora in Winchester, Virginia, and when an infant went with his father, first to Mississippi, and then to Louisiana, where he has since resided. In 1828 he was admitted to the bar in New Orleans ; served a number of years in the State Legislature ; was a Sena tor in Congress in 1842 and 1843; was a member of the State Constitutional Con vention in 1844 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1849 to August, 1850, when he became Secretary of War under President Fillmore. Served in the Southern Rebellion as a Brigadier General. Conrad, Frederick. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1803 to 1807. Conrad, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1815. Constable, Albert. — He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Contee, Benjamin. — He was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788, and was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1789 to 1791. Conway, Henry W. — He was born in Greene County, Tennessee, and was a Dele gate to Congress, from the Territory of Ar kansas, from 1823 to 1829. Conway, Martin P. — Was born in Charleston, South Carolina, about the year 1830; removed to Baltimore in his four teenth year; was bred a printer; followed that business for a time, and took part in originating the National Typographical Union. He subsequently studied law and practiced for several years ; went to Kan sas in 1854, and was elected to the Council of the first Territorial Legislature. Under the Topeka Convention he was chosen Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. In 1856 he was President of the Leavenworth Constitutional Convention ; and in 1859 he was elected a Representative, from Kansas, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. Cook, Burton C. — Born in Monroe County, New York, May 1 1 , 1819 ; received a collegiate education ; adopted the pro fession of law ; elected State Attorney for the Ninth Circuit, in 1 846, for two years by the Legislature; re-elected in 1848 for four years by the people ; was a member of the State Senate from 1652 to 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on the Judiciary. Cook, Daniel P. — He was born in Scott County, Kentucky, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Illinois, from 1820 to 1827, and filled with great ability his duties as a member of the Committee of Ways and Means. By such men as Mr. Calhoun and Judge McLean he was con sidered a man of remarkable talents. He died at the age of thirty-two years in Oc tober, 1827. 86 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Cook Bates. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833. At one time, from 1839 to 1841, he held the office of Comptroller of New York, and was also a Bank Commis sioner in 1840. Died in 1841. Cook, John B. — He was born in New York, and on taking up his residence in Iowa, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Cook, Orchard. — He was a Represent ative in Congiess, from Massachusetts, from f 805 to 1811. He was a merchant by occupation, and for some years Sheriff of Lincoln County. Cook Thomas B. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1811 to 1813, and a member of the Assembly of that State in 1838 and 1839. Cook Zadock— Born in 1769; was frequently m-The Legislature of Georgia ; and a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1819. His memory is said to have been remarkable, as he could, after reading a chapter in the Bible, repeat the same from beginning to end. In 1854 he was still living. Cooke, Sleutheros. — Born in Gran ville, Washington County, New York, Decembei 25, 1737. He received a liberal education, and having studied law, prac ticed it with success both in New York and Ohio until 1830. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Ohio, from 1831 to 1633 ; served for many years in the Legis lature of that State, before aud after enter ing Congress ; and though ostensibly living in retirement, he was for many years very frequently called upon to address the citi zens of Ohio on topics of a varied nature, on account of his popularity as an orator. Died at Sandusky, Ohio, December 27 1865. Cooke, Joseph P.— He was born in 1730; graduated at Yale College in 1750; was a Delegate from Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 17,-6; and died at Danbury, Connecticut, in 1 816'. Cooper, Edmund.— After the close of the Rebellion, in 1605, he was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not de clared entitled to his seat until near the end of the first session of that Congress. (A proper notice of him is necessarily post poned until the next edition of this work.) Cooper, George B. — Born at Long Hill, Morris County, New Jersey, Juue 6, 1 808 ; received a good common school education ; removed to Michigan in 1830 ; served in the two houses of the State Legislature; served two terms as State Treasurer of Michigan ; held the position of Postmaster at Jackson for eleven years, which he resigned when chosen Treasurer ; and was elected a Representative, from Michigan, to the Thirty-sixth Congress. His seat, however, was contested by Wil liam A. Howard, and before the close of the first session the latter was admitted. Cooper, James. — He was born in Fred erick County, Maryland, May 8, 1810. He commenced his education at the common schools of the county, spent some little time at St. Mary's College, and graduated at Washington College, Pennsylvania. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Pennsylvania in 1834; was elected a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, in 1838, and re-elected in 1840; in 1 843 he was elected to the State Legisla ture, and re-elected in 1844, 1846, and 1848, serving in 1847 as Speaker; in 1848 he was appointed Attorney General of Penn sylvania, and in 1849 was chosen a Sena tor in Congress for the term of six years. During his service in Congress his health was feeble, so that he could not participate in the debates of the Senate to the extent that he desired, and on his return to Penn sylvania settled in Philadelphia. He sub sequently became a Brigadier General in the army, aud died at Ciucimiati, Ohio, March I, 1863. Cooper, John.— He was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Con gress in 1776. Cooper, Mark A.— He was born in Georgia, aud was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1642 to 1843. Cooper, Richard M.— Born in Glou cester County, New Jersey ; was a member of the Society of Friends ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1629 to 1833. He also served in the Legislature, and was President of the State Bank at Camden. Died March 10, 1844, aged seventy-six years. Cooper, Thomas.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1813 to 1817. Cooper, Thomas B.— He was born in Cooperstown, Lehigh County, Penusylva- BIOGRAPHIC AL RECORDS. 87 nia, December 29, 1823; was educated at Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, and also at the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1843; and having adopted the profession of a physician, he was successful therein. He was elected a representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, for the term ending in 1863, but died at Cooperstown, April 4, 1 862, during the second session of the Thirty-seventh Con- Cooper, William. — Born in New Jer sey ; and having removed to Otsego County, New York, became the founder of Coopers town. He was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1795 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1801. He was the father of the eminent author, James Feni- more Cooper. Cooper, W. R. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1839 to 1841. Cornell, Ezekiel. — He was a Delegate from Rhode Island to the Continental Con gress, from 1780 to 1783. Corning, Erastus. — Born in Norwich, Connecticut, December 14, 1794. When thirteen years of age he went to Troy, New York, and entered the hardware store of his uncle, Benjamin Smith, the bulk of whose property he subsequently inherited. In 1814 he removed to Albany, and continued in the same business, establishing the well- known house, still in existence, of Erastus Corning & Co. His first public position was that of Alderman of the city of Albany ; from that he was promoted to Mayor, which office he held for three years. He was also for several years an influential railroad, bank, and canal company President; for several terms a member of the State Legis lature ; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. In 1860 he was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee of Ways and Means; and was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861. Re-elected in 1862 to the Thirty eighth Congress, but resigned on account of his health. In 1 833 he was a Regent of the University of New York. Corwin, Moses B. — He was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, January 5, 1790 ; spent his boyhood on a farm inOhio ; received a good education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. In 1838 and 1839 he was elected to the Legis lature ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 1851, and from 1853 to 1855, serving as a member of the Committee on the Post Office Depart ment. Corwin, Thomas. — Born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, July 29, 1794. Rising from humble life, he became distinguished as a lawyer, having come to the bar in 1817; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1 822, and afterwards a Representative to Congress, from the Warren District, in 1831. He continued a member of the House until 1640 ; was chosen Governor of Ohio, in October of that year ; and was a Presi dential Elector in 1844. He was Governor but two years, Wilson Shannon succeeding him in 1 842. The Whigs having a majority iu the Legislature of Ohio in 1845, elected him a United States Senator, which office he held till his appointment in the cabinet, in 1850, as Secretary of the Treasury, under President Fillmore. He was long known in Congress as an advocate of the Whig measures of policy. As a stump speaker and before a jury, his eloquence was singu larly effective. In October, 1858, he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, for the term commencing in 1 859 ; and during that year a volume of his Speeches was published. He was Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and of the Special Committee of Thirty-three, in the Thirty-sixth Congress, on the Rebellious States. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but in 1861 was appointed by President Lincoln Minister to Mexico. Af ter his return from Mexico he resided in Washington, where he died December 18, 1865. Cotteral, J. L. T. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1846 to 1847. Cottman, Joseph S. — Born in Somer set County, Maryland, August 16, 1803: received a classical education; admitted to the bar in 1826; served in the Maryland Legislature ; was a Presidential Elector in 1849 ; and a member of Congress, from 1851 to 1853. Died in Somerset County, Maryland, in 1863. Coulter, Richard. — He attained emi nence as a lawyer, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1835, and died in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, April 21, 1852. At the time of his death, he was Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. 88 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Covington, Leonard. — He was bom at Aquasco, Prince George County, Mary land, October 30, 1768. In 1793 he ob tained, from General Washington the com mission of Lieutenant of dragoons, and joined the army under General Wayne; he distinguished himself at Fort Recovery and the battle of Miami, and was honorably mentioned in the official report of General Wayne. After the war he was promoted to the rank of Captain, by Washington, in 1794, and retired to the pursuits of agricul ture. He was for many years a member of the Legislature of Maryland, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1805 to 1807. He was appointed, by President Jefferson, in 1809, Lieutenant Colonel of a regiment of caval ry, and in 1810 was in* command at Fort Adams, on the Mississippi, and took pos session of Baton Rouge, and a portion of West Florida. In 1813 he was ordered to the northern frontier, and appointed, by President Madison, Brigadier General. At the battle of Williamsburg be received a mortal wound while animating his men, and leading them to the charge, and died at French Mills, November 13, 1813, two days after his fall. His remains were re moved to Sackett's Harbor, August 13, 1820, and the place of his burial is now known as Mount Covington. He had the reputation of being one of the best officers in the service. Covode, John. — Bom in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1808; a farmer and manufacturer by occupation ; and extensively engaged in the coal busi ness. He was elected a member of the Thirty-fourth and re-elected to the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. He was also re elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was made Chairman of a Special Commit tee appointed to investigate certain charges made against President, Buchanan and his administration. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Cowan, Edgar. — He was born in West moreland County, Pennsylvania, Septem ber 19, 1815. After spending one year at Franklin College, Ohio, he graduated at that institution in 1839. While yet a mere boy he was thrown upon his own resources for a support, and until 1842 followed vari ous employments — having been a clerk, boat-builder, schoolmaster, and a student of medicine. He subsequently studied law, and practiced the profession until 1861, when he was chosen a Senator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, for the term ending in 1867, serving on. the Committees on For eign Relations and Enrolled Bills,, and as Chairman of the Committee on Patents and the Patent Office, and those on Finance and Agriculture. He was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lin coln to Illinois'. In 1860 he was a Presi dential Elector. Cowen, Benjamin S. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1841 to 1843. Cowles, Henry B. — Born at Hartford, Connecticut, March 18, 1798; when eleven years old he removed to Dutchess County, New York, with his father; and graduated at Union College in 1816. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819 ; in 1826, 1827, and 1828, he served as a mem ber of the New York Legislature, from Put nam County, and during his first term was Chairman of the Select Committee raised to investigate the "Astor Claim;" and he was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. In 1834 he took up his residence in the city of New York, where he continued in the practice of his profession. Cox, Anleder M. — He was bom in Virginia, and removing to Kentucky, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Con gresses. Cox, James . — He was a native of Mon mouth County, New Jersey, having been born in 1753; several years a member of the State Legislature, and Speaker of the Assembly; commanded a company of mili tia in the Revolution, having been engaged in the battles of Germantown and Mon mouth ; was subsequently a Biigadier Gen eral of militia; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, during the years 1809 and 1810. Died September 12, 1810. Cox, Samuel S. — He was born in Zanesville, Ohio ; graduated at Brown University ; adopted the profession of law, and was also an editor in Ohio. He was appointed Secretary of Legation to Pern in 1855 ; aud elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. As an author, he published a book of foreign travel called "The Buckeye Abroad," and on literary topics is an occasional lecturer. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 89 He was elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the same com mittee. He was also a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, to serve until De cember, 1865, and a Delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1864. On his retirement from Congress he settled in the City of New York, and in 1865 published a political ^Rvork entitled "Eight Years in Congress." Coxe, William. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1813 to 1815; served in the State Legis lature, and was chosen Speaker of the Assembly; and died at Burlington. Crabb, George W. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Alabama, from 1839 to 1841. Crabb, Jeremiah. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1795 to 1796. Cradlebaugh, John.— He was born in Ohio, and elected a Delegate from the Ter ritory of Nevada to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Crafts, Samuel C. — He was born in Windham County, Connecticut ; and grad uated at Harvard University in 1790. His father effected the settlement of Craftsbury, Vermont, and upon the organization of the town, in 1792, Mr. Samuel C. Crafts was chosen Town Clerk, and held the office for thirty-seven successive years. He was the youngest delegate to the Convention for revising the State Constitution in 1793. In 1796, 1800, 1801, 1803, and 1805, he was elected a member of the House of Rep resentatives of the State. From 1796 to 1815 he was Register of Probate for Orleans District. In 1798 and 1799 he was Clerk of the House of Representatives. From 1809 to 1812, and from 1825 to 1827, he was a member of the Executive Council. In 1800 he was appointed a Judge of Orleans County Court, and remained such till 1816, during the last six years as Chief Judge. From 1825 to 1828 he was again Chief Judge, and from 1836 to 1838 Clerk of the Court. In 1816 he was elected Representa tive to Congress, and served for that and the three succeeding terms— i. e., from 1817 to 1825, inclusive. In 1 828 he was elected Governor of Vermont, and was re-elected in 1829 and 1830. In 1829 he was Presi dent of the Constitutional Convention. In 1842 he was appointed by Governor Paine, and afterwards elected by the Legislature, a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of one year. He thus filled every office in the gift of Vermont. He died in Craftsbury, Vermont, November 19, 1853, aged eighty-four years. Cragin, Aaron H. — Born in Weston, Vermont, February 3, 1 821 ; adverse cir cumstances prevented him from obtaining a collegiate education ; but having studied law, came to the bar in Albany, New York, in 1847, and the same year removed to Lebanon, New Hampshire, and practiced his profession. He was a member of the- New Hampshire Legislature from 1852 to 1855; was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolu tionary Claims and Printing. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same committees. In 1859 he was again elected a member of the State Legislature. In 1864 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from New Hampshire, for the term of six years from 1865, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Terri tories, and the Pacific Railroad. Craig, Hector. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1829 to 1830. Craig, James. — Born in Pennsylvania; is a lawyer by profession ; and was a mem ber of the Missouri Legislature in 1846 and 1847 ; was Captain of a volunteer company in the Mexican war ; Circuit Attorney for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit in Missouri from 1852 to 1856; and was a Representa tive in the Thirty-fifth Congress from Mis souri, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. He was also re elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Craig, Robert. — He was born in Vir ginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1 829 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1841. Craige, Burton. — Born in Rowan County, North Carolina, March 13, 1811; graduated at Chapel Hill in 1829; is a lawyer by profession ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1832 and 1834; and was elected to the Thirty-third, Thirty- fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the Judiciary Committee ; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the Confederate Congress. 90 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Craik, William. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1796 to 1801. Cramer, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1837; having been a Presidential Elector in 1 805, elected to the State Con stitutional Convention in 1821, and having served three years in the Assembly and three years in the Senate of the State of New York. Crane, Joseph H. — Born in Elizabeth- town, New Jersey; studied law; was for many years President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 1837; and died at Dayton, Ohio, November 12, 1852, aged seventy years. Crane, Stephen. — He was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Con gress from 1774 to 1776. Cranston, Henry Y. — Born in New port, Rhode Island, October 9, 1789 ; re ceived a limited educatiou; worked at a trade for five years from the age of twelve, then commenced the business of commis sion merchant ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in three years. In 1818 he was elected Clerk of the Court of Com mon Pleas, and held the office until 1833 ; he was for twenty-five years annually elected Moderator for the town of Newport ; was a member of the several conventions for framing and remodelling the State Con stitution, and was Vice-President of the Convention in 1842. From 1827 to 1843 he was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1343 to 1847, when he was returned to the Legislature, and was several times Speaker of that body until 1854, after which time he lived in retire ment. Died at Newport, February 12, 1864. Cranston, Robert B.— He was bom in Rhode Island, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1849. In 3864 he was a Presidential Elector. Crary, Isaac E. — He was born in Pres ton, New London County, Connecticut ; received a good English education; adopted the profession of law, and removed to the Territory of Michigan ; was there appointed a General of militia ; was elected a Dele gate to Congress from the Territory in 1835 and 1836 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from the time of its admission into the Union in 1836 to 1841. He died in Marshall, Michigan, May 8, 1854. Cravens, James A. — Born in Rock ingham County, Virginia, November 4, 1818 ; removed with his father to Indiana in 1820' spent his boyhood in Washington County, where he received a common schooL education, and devoted much of his life t" agricultural pursuits, and especially to the raising of the best breeds of cattle. In 1841 he was a Presidential Elector. He served as a Major in the Mexican war under General Taylor, and was present at the battle of Buena Vista. In 1848 and 1849 he was elected to the Legislature of In diana ; in 1850 elected to the State Senate, serving three years ; in 1854 he was com missioned a Brigadier General of militia; frequently presided over the Board of School Trustees for his township ; was Vice-Presi dent and President of the Washington and Orange Counties Agricultural Societies; in 1859 he was appointed by the Legislature of Indiana to the important position of agent for the State, which he resigned, and in 1860 he was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Terri tories. He w-as re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Territories. Cravens, James H. — He was bom in Rockingham County, Virginia, in 1798; in early life removed to Indiana, and settled in Ripley County ; held a number of im portant local offices in the State ;¦ and was a Representative in Congress, from In diana, from 1641 to 1843. He was subse quently a candidate of the Free-soil party for the office of Governor, but was unsuc cessful ; and he served as Colonel of an Indiana regiment during the war for the suppression of the Rebellion. Crawford, George W. — Bom in Co lumbia County, Georgia, December 22, 1 798. He graduated at Princeton in 1820 ; studied law, and commenced the practice at Augusta in 1 822. In 1827 he was elected Attorney General, and continued in that office until 1831 ; he was in the State Legis lature from 183/ to 1842 ; aud in 1843 was elected to Congress to fill a vacancy. He was elected Governor of the State in 1843, and re-elected in 1845. He was a member of President Taylor's cabinet as Secretary of War, and subsequently visited Europe, after which time he lived in retirement in Georgia. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 91 Crawford, Joel.- — Bom in Columbia County, Georgia, June 15, 1783. He was educated by private tutors ; became a stu dent of law, and was admitted to practice in 1808. In 1813 he joined the army of General Floyd, and served through the whole campaign as aide-de-camp to the General. After the war he resumed the practice of his profession ; served three years in the State Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1817 to 1821. Crawford, Martin J. — He was bora in Jasper County, Georgia, March 17, 1820; was educated at the Mercer University ; is a lawyer by profession, and was a member of the Georgia Legislature from 1845 to 1847. In 1853 he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court for the Chattahoochee Circuit, and was elected a member of the Thirty-fourth "and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving in, the last on the Committees of Ways and Means and Roads and Canals. He was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, still serving on the Committee of Ways and Means. Withdrew in 1861 and joined the Great Rebellion of that year as a member of the Rebel Congress, and was a Commissioner to Washington. Crawford, Thomas H. — Born at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, November, 14, 1786. He graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1804 ; studied law for three years, and was admitted to the bar in 1607 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833. During the last year named he was elected to the State Legislature ; m 1836 he was appointed a Commissioner to investigate certain al leged frauds in the purchase of the reserva tion of land of the Creek Indians ; in 1838 he was appointed by President Van Buren Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and took up his residence in Washington, holding that office for seven years ; and in 1845 he was appointed, by President Polk, Judge of the Criminal Court of the District of Col umbia, which arduous position he occu pied until his death, which took place in Washington, January 27, 1863. Crawford, 'William. — He graduated at Princeton College, and was a Represen tative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 1817. Crawford, William H. — Bom in Am herst County, Virginia, February 24, 1772, and with his father settled in Georgia in 1783. He received an academical educa tion, and subsequently had the manage ment of Richmond Academy. He studied law and took a high position as a lawyer. He served four years in the State Legisla ture, and was a Senator in Congress, from Georgia, from 1807 to 1813, and during a part of the Twelfth Congress officiated as President pro tern, of the Senate. Presi dent Madison invited him into his cabinet as Secretary of War, but he declined the honor, accepting, instead, the post of Min ister to France, in 1813 ; on his return, however, at the end of two years, he went into the War Department. In 1817 he was appointed, by President Monroe, Sec retary of the Treasury, where he served with marked ability until 1825, during which year he received a flattering vote for President of the United States. In 1827 he was appointed Judge of the Northern Circuit of Georgia, which office he held until his death, which occurred in Albert County, Georgia, September 15, 1834. Creighton, William. — Born in Berke ley County, Virginia, October 29, 1778 ; graduated at Dickinson College when quite young ; studied law and was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty ; and in 1798 he settled in Chillicothe, Ohio, devoting himself to his profession, and holding many positions of public trust. He was the first Secretary of State for Ohio ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1817, and again from 1827 to 1833. Died at ChiHieothe, Octo ber 8, 1851, having for many years previ ously declined all public office. Creswell, John A. J. — Was born in Port Deposit, Cecil County, Maryland, November 18, 1828 ; graduated at Dickin son College, Pennsylvania, in 1848; stu died law and came to the bar of Maryland in 1850. He was a member of the Mary land House of Delegates in 1861 and 1862. From August, 1862, to April, 1863, he was an Assistant Adjutant General for Mary land, and was elected a Representative, from Maryland, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Com merce and Invalid Pensions. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Conven tion of 1864. In March, 1865, he was chosen a Senator in Congress for the un expired term of T. H. Hicks, deceased, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Mines and Mining. By request of the House of Representatives, he delivered an Eulogy on his friend and colleague Henry Winter Davis, on the 22d of February, 1866, Crisfield, JohnW. — Was born in Ken) County, Maryland, November 6, 1808 ; 92 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. received his education at Washington Col lege, Chestertown ; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; settled in the practice of his profession, in Somerset County ; was elected to the Maryland Leg islature in 1836 ; be was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1847 to 1849 ; in 1850 he was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention ; in 1861 he was a delegate to the Peace Congress ; and was elected a Representative from Maryland, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, and on Public Expenditures. Crittenden, John J. — He was born in Woodford County, Kentucky, in Septem ber, 1786. When quite young he entered the army, and during the war of 1812 served as Major under General Hopkins, in his expedition, and was aide-de-camp to Governor Shelby, at the battle of the Thames. After adopting the profession of law, he served a numrer of years in the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker of the House ; he entered Congress as a member of the Senate, from Kentucky, in 1817, serving then but two years. From 1819 to 1635 he continued in the practice of his profession, residing principally at Frankfort, and again occasionally repre senting his county in the State Legislature. In 1 835 he was again elected to the United States Senate, and continued to serve in that body until March, 1841, when he was appointed Attorney General by President Harrison. In September, 1841, he resigned with the other members of the cabinet, ex cept Mr. Webster, aud retired to private life, from which, however, he was soon called by the Legislature, to resume his seat in the United States Senate, in 1842, in the place of Henry Clay, resigned. He was also elected a Senator for another term of six years, from March, 1843, but, in 1848, having received the Whig nomina tion for Governor of Kentucky, he retired from the Senate, and was elected to that office, which he held until his appointment as Attorney General by President Fillmore, in July, 1850. He was again elected to the United States Senate in 1855, for the term ending in 1861, and was, when he re tired, the oldest member of that body. He was elected in 1860 a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving.as he had always done in the Senate, on the more important committees. Died at Louisville, Kentucky, July 25, 1863. Crocheron, Henry. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817. Crocheron, Jacob. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. In 1837 he was a Presidential Elector. Crocker, Samuel L. — Was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, March 31, 1804 ; graduated at Brown University in 1822; held various municipal offices ; and in 1849 was elected a member of the Executive Council of Massachusetts ; was devoted to the manufacturing business ; and was a Representative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-third Congress. Crockett, David. — Born in Greene County, Tennessee, August 17, 1786, of Irish descent, his father having fought in the Revolutionary war. He commenced the active duties of life when twelve years old, by turning drover, and, instead of go ing to school, he chose the fortunes of an adventurer. He served under General Jackson in some of the Indian wars, and became his fast friend. He had a natural bias for politics, and his smartness and eccentricities made him very popular on the frontiers, and caused him to be elected to the Legislature of Tennessee. He was fond of the woods, and had no equal as a bear hunter. He was elected to Congress in 1827, from Tennessee, and served until 1831, and then again in 1833, serving until 1835. While in Washington he was al ways at his post of duty, never forgetting the welfare of his constituents, and he was one of the most popular men in Congress. The most striking features of his disposi tion and mind were, undoubtedly, of a whimsical character ; but behind these there was much to command respect and admiration. He told stories or related his wild adventures with wonderful effect. He was killed at the Alamo, Texas, March!, 1836. Crockett, John W. — He was the son of the celebrated David Crockett, a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1836 to 1843. and died at Memphis, November 24, 1852. Cross, Edward. — He was born in Ten nessee, aud, on taking up his residence in Arkansas, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1839 to 1845. Crouch, Edward. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1815. Crowell, John.— Born in Halifax Coun ty, Alabama; was chosen Delegate to Con gress when the Territory of Alabama was BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 93 established in 1817, and served till 1819, when the State Constitution was formed, and he was elected first Representative to Congress, serving till 1821, and was a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Soon afterwards he was appointed Agent for the Creek Indians, then inhabit ing large portions of Alabama and Georgia, and exercised extensive influence over them, until their removal west of the Mis sissippi, in 1836. He died near Fort Mitchell, Alabama, June 25, 1846. Crowell, John. — He was bom in Con necticut, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1847 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Crowninshield, Benjamin W. — Born in Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1774. He filled with general acceptance the office of Secretary of the Navy, to which he was appointed in December, 1814, by Presi dent Madison, and served until his resigna tion, in November, 1818. In 1820 he was also a Presidential Elector. In 1823 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from the Salem District of Massachusetts, and continued in that position until 1831. He died in Boston, February 8, 1851. Crowninshield, Jacob. — He was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1801, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1803 to 1805, and appointed Secretary of the Navy, by President Jefferson, March 3, 1805. Died April 14, 1808. Crozier, John.- — He was bom in Ten nessee, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, ending in 1849. Crudup, Josiah. — He was born in Wake County, North Carolina; a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1821 to 1823, and was a member of the Committee on Private Claims. Cruger, Daniel. — He was a member of the New York Assembly a number of years, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1819. Crump, John. — He was born in Pow hatan County, Virginia, and was a Repre sentative in Congiess, from Virginia, from 1826 to 1827. Culbreth, Thomas. — Born in Kent County, Delaware, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maryland, from 1817 to 1821. Cullen, Elisha D. — He was born in Delaware, and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Con gress. Cullom, Alvan. — He was a native of Kentucky ; adopted the law as his pro fession ; served frequently in the Legisla ture of Tennessee, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1847. He was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861 . Cullom, Shelbey M. — He was born in Kentucky, November 22, 1829 ; adopted the profession of law ; on removing to Illi nois he was elected to the State Legisla ture in 1856 ; re-elected in 1860, and chosen Speaker ; was a member of the War Com mission which sat in Cairo in 1 862 ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs and Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Cullom, William. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1851 to 1855, and Clerk of the House of Representatives during the Thirty-fourth Congress. Culpepper, John. — He was born in Anson County, North Carolina, and repre sented that State in Congress from 1807 to 1808, when his seat was vacated by reso lution of the House ; but he was re-elected, and served from 1813 to 1817, from 1819 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1825. He was a Baptist prtacher, and elected to the General Assembly, but his seat was vacated on constitutional grounds. Culver, Charles Vernon. — He was born in Logan, Ohio, September 6, 1830 ; spent the most of his life actively engaged in business pursuits, and was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency aud Expenditures in the Treasury Depart ment. Culver, Erastus D. — He was born in New^ York ; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1826 ; served in the Assembly of New York in 1838 and 1841, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847. 94 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Cumback, William. — He was born in Franklin County, Indiana, March 24, 1829 ; was educated at the Miami Univer sity, Ohio ; taught school for one or two years ; attended the Law School at Cin cinnati, and adopted the legal profession ; and he was elected a Representative, from Indiana, in the Thirty-fourth Congress. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1861, and during that year was appointed an Additional Paymaster in the Army. Cumming, Thomas W. — He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1853 to 1855. Cumming, William. — He was a Dele gate, from North Carolina, to the Conti nental Congress in 1784. Cummins, John D.— He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative, from Ohio, during the Thirtieth Congress. He died of cholera at Milwaukie, Wis consin, September 11, 1848. Cunningham, Francis A. — He was born in South Carolina, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1645 to 1847. Curry, Jabez L. M.— Bom in Lin coln County, Georgia, June 5, 1825, and removed with his father, in 1838, to Talla dega County, Alabama, where he has since resided ; he graduated at the University of Georgia in 1843, and at the Dane Law School, Harvard University, in 1845, and practiced law with success in Alabama. In 1846 he joined the Texas Rangers for the Mexican war, but soon returned on ac count of ill health. He was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature of Alabama in 1847, 1853, and 1855 ; a Presi dential Elector in 1856; and in 1857 was elected a Representative in Congress, from Alabam, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Expenditures in the State Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. Withdrew" in 1861, and took part in the Rebellion of that year as a member of the Rebel Con gress. After the close of the Rebellion he was ordained a Preacher of the Gospel in the Baptist Church. In 1865 he was ap pointed President of Howard College, in Alabama. Curtis, CarltonB.— He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con- gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1851 to 1855. Curtis, Edward.— Born in Vermont; graduated at Union College, New York, aud practiced law in New York City. He took a prominent part in the councils of that city, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1841. He was appointed Collector of New York by President Harrison, and removed by President Polk. He was an intimate friend of Daniel Webster. Curtis, Samuel R.— Born in Ohio, (while his parents were emigrating to the West from Connecticut, ) February 3, 1807. He graduated at the West Point Academy in 1831, and was appointed a Lieutenant in the United States Infantry, but resigned in 1832. He studied and pursued the pro fession of law in Ohio ; was subsequently an engineer in Ohio and Iowa ; from 1837 to 1840 chief engineer of the Muskingum Works ; during the Mexican war he served as an Adjutant General in mustering the State troops ; he went to Mexico as a Colonel under General Taylor, and acted for a time as Governor of Matamoras, Camargo, Mon terey, and Saltillo, performing much im portant service ; on his return from Mexico he practiced law for a time, but was called to Iowa and Missouri to perform important labors as an engineer, in improvements of harbors and the building of railroads ; and having finally settled at Keokuk, in Iowa, he was elected from that State a member of the House in the Thirty-fifth Congress. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congiess, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs, and also on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebel lious States. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress in 1361. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but re signed, in 1861, to serve as a Brigadier and Major General in the Union army during the Rebellion. He was subse quently appointed a Commissioner of the Union Pacific Railroad. Cushing, Caleb.— Was born in Salis bury, Essex County, Massachusetts, Janu ary 17, 1800. He graduated at Harvard College in 1817, and was subsequently a tutor there of mathematics and natural philosophy; studied law at Cambridge, and settled in Newburyport to practice, having come to the bar in 1822. In 1825 and 1826 he served in the State Legisla ture, and in 1629 visited Europe for plea sure, publishing, on his return, "Remi niscences of Spain," and " Review of the Revolution in France." He also wrote for the ' North American Review." In 1833 and 1834 he was again elected to the BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS.- 95 Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1843. He was ap pointed, by President Tyler, Commissioner to China, and as such negotiated an im portant treaty. In 1846 he was again elected to the Legislature. In 1847 he was chosen Colonel of the Massachusetts Regi ment of Volunteers for the Mexican war, and was afterwards appointed Brigadier General by President Polk. In 1850 he was for the fifth time elected to the Legis lature, and in 1851 was made a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State. When President Pierce came into power, he in vited General Cushing into his Cabinet, as Attorney General ; and on his return home he was again re-elected to the Legislature of his native State. In office, or out of it, he has the reputation of being a hard student, and his success as a lawyer is un questioned. In 1860 he was elected Presi dent of the Charleston Convention to nomi nate a President. In July, 1866, he was appointed by President Johnson one of three to revise and codify the laws of the the United States, under a late law of Congress. Cushing, Thomas. — He was born in 1728 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1744 ; was early a Representative in the Legislature of Massachusetts, and Speaker of the House; was a delegate to the Con tinental Congress from 1774 to 1776 ; a member of the Coventor's Council, and subsequently elected Lieutenant Governor of the State, and while holding that office, he died in 1788. Received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard College. Cushman, John Paine. — He was born in Pomfret, Connecticut, in 1784, an J grad uated at Yale College in 1807. He studied law and removed to Troy, New York, where he practiced his profession. He served in Congress, from New York, from 1817 to 1819, and in 1838 was appointed Judge of the Circuit Court, having pre viously been Recorder of the City of Troy, and one of the Regents of the State Univer sity. Died in Troy, New York, September 16, 1848. He was a man of eminencein his profession, and discharged with ability the various offices with which he was in trusted. Cushman, Joshua. — He was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts; graduated at Cambridge in 1787 ; studied divinity ; was a Representative in Congress, from Mas sachusetts, from 181 9 to 1 821 ; and repre sented Maine, in Congress, from 1821 to 1825, after its separation from Massachu setts. He was also a State Senator in 1809, 1810, 1829, and 1820, and a member of the Assembly in 1811 and 1834, when he died. Cushman, Samuel. — Bora in 1763 ; was Judge of the Police Court jf Ports mouth, New Hampshire, and held several offices of trust in the State; such as Coun cillor, from 1 833 to 1835 ; County Treasurer, from 1823 -o 1828; and Navy Agent at Portsmouth, from 1845 to 1849. He was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire, from 1835 to 1839, aud died in Portsmouth, May 20, 1851. Cuthbert, Alfred. — Born in Savannah, Georgia ; he graduated at Princeton College in 1803 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Georgia, from 1814 to 1817; again, from 1821 to 1827, and a Senator of the United States, from 1837 to 1 843. Died in 1856. Cuthbert, John A. — He was born in Savannah, Georgia ; graduated at Prince ton College in 1805; and was a Represen tative in Congress, from his native State, from 1819 to 1821, and was apjfcinted by the President, in 1822, a Commissioner to treat with the Creek and Cherokee Indians. Cutler, Manasseh. — He was born in Killingly, Connecticut, in 1742, and grad uated at Yale College in 1765 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1767 ; re moved to Dedham, Massachusetts, in 1769 ; studied for the ministry, and was ordained in 1771 ; and was settled as pastor of a church in Hamilton, Massachusetts, Sep tember 11, 1771. He distinguished him self by his attention to several branches of natural history, particularly by making the first essay toward a scientific description of the plants of New England, an account of several hundred of which, communicated by him, was published by the American Academy, of which he was a member, and the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Harvard College. He was one of the first scientific explorers of the White Mountains. In 1787 he organized an ex pedition for the Northwest Territory, and in 1788, with General Rufus Putnam, commenced a settlement at Marietta, on the Muskingum, Ohio. In 1790 he returned with his family to New England, served a number of years in the Legislature, and was pastor of the church at Hamilton, Mas sachusetts, until his death. In 1800 he was^elected to a seat in Congress, and re tained it till 1804, when he declined any further political employment from its in terference with his professional duties. He died July 28, 1823. 96 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Cutler, William P. — Born near Mari etta, Ohio, July 12, 1813; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1844, 1845, and 1846, officiating as Speaker of the House during the last term ; he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1 850 ; from that period until elected to Congress, he was President of the Marietta and Cincin nati Railroad Company ; and he was elected a Representative from Ohio, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tees on the Militia and on Invalid Pensions. Cutting, Francis B. — He was born in New York; was liberally educated, and adopted the profession of law; in 1836 and 1837 he was a member of the Legislature of New York, from the city of New York ; and was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1853 to 1855. Cutts, Charles. — Bom in Massachu setts in 1769 ; entered Harvard College in 1786 ; graduated in 1790 ; studied law with Judge Pickering ; was elected a member of the Legislature in 1804, and then Speaker of theflo#se; was sent to the United States Senate in 1810, from New Hampshire, and served till 1813; and chosen Secretary of the Senate, from 1814 to 1825. By appoint ment, he entered the Senate, for a second term, in 1813, but lesigned in June of that year. He died in Virginia in 1846. Cutts, Richard.— Born June 22, 1771, at Cutts Island, Saco, in the province or district of Maine, then constituting a part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and received his early education at Har vard University, at which institution he graduated in 1790, and in the twentieth year of his age. He studied law ; was ex tensively engaged in commerce, and took an active part in politics. He visited Europe, and on his return, after serving two successive years as a member of the General Court of Massachusetts, he was, at the age of twenty-nine, in 1800, elected a member of the House of Representatives of the United States. He took his seat in the House, December 7, 1801, and through six successive Congresses, constantly sus tained by the continued confidence of his constituents, he gave a firm support to President Jefferson's administration, and to that of his successor, President Madison, until the close of his first term, March 3, 1813, having patriotically sustained, by his votes, non-importation, non-intercourse, the embargo, and finally war, as measures called for by the honor and interest of the nation, although ruinous to his private fortune. On the 3d of June, of that year, he was appointed Superintendent General of Military Supplies, an office created by the act of March 3, 1831, the functions of which were required only during the con tinuance of the war. The office was ac cordingly abolished by the act of March 3, 1817, to provide for the prompt settlement of public accounts. By the same act the office of Second Comptroller of the Treasury was created, to which Mr. Cutts was im mediately appointed by President James Monroe, and which be held until 1829; after which he resided in the city of Wash ington, in the retirement of private life, until his death, April 7, 1845. Daggett, David. — Born in Attlebo- rough, Massachusetts, December 31, 1764; graduated at Yale College in 1783, and was professor of law in that institution for many years, and subsequently received the de gree of LL.D. from that institution. He was State's Attorney and Mayor of New Haven, and frequently a member of the Legislature, and member of the Council ; and also served as a Presidential Elector on several occasions. From 1813 to 1819 he was a Senator in Congress, from Con necticut; from 1826 to 1832 he was a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and was Chief Judge from 1832 to 1834, when he attained the age of seventy years. He died April 12, 1851. Daily, Samuel G. — He was bom in Indiana in 1819 ; was elected a Delegate, from the Territory of'Nebraska, tothe Thirty- seventh Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress. He was subse quently appointed a Deputy Collector in New Orleans, where he diedSeptember 14, 1865. Dallas, George Mifflin. — He was bom July 10. 1792, in the city of Philadelphia, where he received his early education. He graduated at Princeton College in 1810; commenced the stndy of law in his father's office in Philadelphia, and was admitted to the bar in 1813. In the same year he ac companied Mr. Gallatin to Russia as his private secretary, when that gentleman was appointed a member of the commission to negotiate a peace under the mediation of Alexander. During his absence, he visited Russia, France, England, Holland, and the Netherlands. He returned to the United States in 1614, and after assisting his father tor a time in his duties as Secretary of the Treasury, he commenced the practice of his profession at Philadelphia. In 1817 he was appointed the deputy of the Attorney General of Philadelphia, and soon won a BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 97 high reputation as a criminal lawyer. He took an active part in politics, and in 1825 he was elected Mayor of Philadelphia, and on the accession of General Jackson, in 1829, he was appointed to the office of Dis trict Attorney, the same office which had been held by his father. This post he held until 1831 , when a vacancy having occurred in the representation from Pennsylvania in the United States Senate, Mr. Dallas was chosen to fill it. He took an active part in the debates of the stormy session of 1832-'33. On the expiration of his term of office in 1833, he declined a re-election, and resumed the practice of his profession. In 1837 he was appointed by President Van Buren Ambassador to Russia, and re mained in that country until October, 1839, when he returned home, and once more de voted himself to the practice of law. In 1844 he was elected Vice-President of the United States, and entered upon the duties of his office in March of the following year. His term of office expired in March, 1649, when he was succeeded by Mr. Fillmore. He was appointed by President Pierce, in 1856, to succeed Mr. Buchanan as Minister at the Court of St. James, in which posi tion he was retained by Mr. Buchanan, when he became President. Died in Phil adelphia, December 31, 1864. Dalton, Tristam. — Was born in that portion of Newbury, Massachusetts, now Newburyport, in 1743, and at the early age of seventeen graduated at Harvard Uni versity. He studied law as an accom plishment, the fortune which he inherited from his father not requiring him to prac tice it as a profession, and he took a deep interest in the cultivation of a large landed estate, in what is now the town of West Newbury. Washington, John Adams, Louis Philippe, Talleyrand,, and other dis tinguished guests partook of his hospitali ties. As eminent for piety as he was for mental endowments, the Episcopal Church, of which he was a warden, shared in his generous liberality ; and he was also noted for the affectionate interest which he took in the welfare of his servants, both black and white. He was a Representative, Speaker of the house of Representatives, and a Senator in the Legislature of Massa chusetts, and a Senator of the United States in the First Congress after the adop tion of the Federal Constitution. When Washington City was founded Mr. Dalton invested his entire fortune in lands there, and lost it by the mismanagement of a business agent. At the same time a vessel, which was freighted with his furniture and valuable library, was lost on her voyage 7 from Newburyport to Washington, and he thus found himself, after having lived sixty years in affluence, penniless. Several offi ces of profit and honor were immediately tendered him by the Government, and he accepted the Surveyorship of Boston. He died in Boston in June, 1817, and his re mains were taken to Newburyport, where they were interred in the burial-ground of St. Paul's Church. Damrell, William S. — Born in Ports mouth, New Hampshire, November 20, 1809 ; never had the privilege of even a common school education ; was by trade a printer ; and was elected a Representative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-fourth Congress, where he served on the Commit tee on Engraving, and to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. Died at Boston, May 17, 1860. Dana, Amasa. — He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1828 and 1829, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1845. Dana, Francis. — He was born in 1743; graduated at Harvard College in 1762 ; and after studying law resided a year in Eng land. He was a Delegate from Massa chusetts to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1779 and in 1784; signed the arti cles of confederation ; was Secretary of Legation at Paris under John Adams ; was appointed Minister to Russia but not of ficially received ; was Chief Justice of the State from 1792 to 1806, when he resigned ; and he died in 1811. Dana, Judah. — Born in Massachusetts in 1772 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795 ; commenced the practice of law in Fryeburg ; was Attorney for Oxford Coun ty for six years; Judge of Probate for twenty years ; Judge of the Common Pleas for nine years ; one of the Committee which drafted the Constitution of Maine ; a mem ber of the Executive Council of the State in 1834 ; and by appointment of the Gov ernor, was a Senator in Congress, from Maine, duringtheyearsl836andl837. He died at Fryeburg,Maine,December 27,,1845.. Dana, Nathan. — Bom at Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1752 ; graduated at Har vard College in 1778 ; was a Delegate, from Massachusetts, to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1788 ; was the framer of the celebrated ordinance passed by Congress in 1787 ; and though devoted to the prac tice of law, found time to prepare a Digest of American Law in nine volumes. He es- 98 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. tablished a Professorship of Law in Har vard University ; and after he had attained his seventieth year he was in the habit of spending fourteen hours of each day en gaged in reading and writing. Died at Beverly, Massachusetts, February 15, 1834. He received from Harvard College the de gree of LL.D. Dana, Samuel. — He was a respectable lawyer and a judge, and during the years 1814 and 1815 a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts. He died at Charleston in November, 1835, in the six tieth year of his age. Dana, Samuel W.— He was born in Connecticut in 1747, and died July 21, 1830. He graduated at Yale College in 1775, and was a Senator in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1810 to 1821. Dane, Joseph. — He was born in Bever ly, Essex County, Massachusetts, October 25, 1778, and graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1 799. He adopted the profession of 1 aw, and removing to Kennebunk, Maine, was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1816 and 1819, and from 1821 to 1823 he represented the York Dis trict of Maine in Congress ; was subse quently in the Legislature as a member of the House for six years, and was a member of the Senate in 1829. He was chosen a member of the Executive Coun cil of Massachusetts in 1817, and to a sim ilar station in Maine in 1841, but he de clined both offices. He settled in Kenne bunk early in the present century, where he died May 1, 1658. Daniel, Henry.— He was bom in 1793, and was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1827 to 1833, where he had a famous encounter with Tristam Burgess. Daniel, John R. J.— Born in Halifax County, North Carolina ; graduated at the University of that State in 162] ; studied law, and practiced it with success. He served for several years in the General As sembly, and was elected Attorney General of the State ; and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1841 to 1,653, serving through several sessions as Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Danner, Joel B.— He was a Represent ative in Congiess, from Pennsylvania from 1850 to 1851. Darby, Ezra.— He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1804 to 1808. Died January 28, 1608. Darby, John Fletcher. — Born in Per son County, North Carolina, December 10 1803. In 1818 he removed with his father to Missouri, and settled in St. Louis Coun ty, where, until 1823, he worked on a farm, pursuing his studies under many difficul ties, having previously received a good English education in his native town. After the death of his parents, in 1825, he applied for an appointment at West Point, but being unsuccessful, sold out his fa ther's estate, and went to Frankfort, Ken tucky, and studied law. In May, 1827, having a license to practice from the Su preme Court of Kentucky, he returned to Missouri and commenced his professional life. He was four times chosen Mayor of the City of St. Louis, and once a member of the State Senate, and was a Represen tative in Congress, from 1851 to 1853, from that State. Dargan, Edward rs.— He was bom in North Carolina, removed in early youth to Alabama, where he subsequently taught school and studied law. In 1844 he was elected Mayor of- Mobile ; from 1845 to 1 847 he was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama ; and during the latter year was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Alabama. Darling, Mason C— Bom in Belling- ham, Massachusetts, May 18, 18U1 ; re ceived a common school education ; com menced active life as a school teacher in New York ; and having studied medicine, graduated at the Berkshire Medical Insti tution of Massachusetts in 1824. He prac tised his profession for thirteen years, when he removed to Wisconsin, and aided in es tablishing the towns of Sheboygan and Fond du Lac. The principal offices held by him in Wisconsin were those of Judge of Probate, Mayor of Fond du Lac, a member for several years of the Territorial Legisla ture, and a Representative in Congress, from the State of Wisconsin, from 1847 w 1849. Darling, William A.— He was born in Newaik, New Jersey, December 17, 1817, but shortly afterwards settled in New York city ; received a commercial educa tion, and, as clerk and proprietor, was de voted to the wholesale business ; in 1836 he was a director of the Mercantile Library Association ; was for eleven years a mem ber, as officer and private, of the Seventh Regiment, National Guard ; from 1847 to 1654 he was Deputy Receiver of Taxes for New York ; was a Presidential Elector in BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 99 I860: in 1863 and 1864 he was President of the Union and Republican organization of New York city ; and in the latter year he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Ex penditures in the Post Office Department, and the Debts of Loyal States. Darlington, Edward. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1839. Darlington, Isaac. — Born in West- town, Chester County, Pennsylvania, De cember .13, 1781, and died April 27, 1839. He was brought up to hard labor, partly on a farm, and in the shop of his father, a worthy blacksmith, and was a Quaker in religion. He educated himself, taught school, studied law, and was successful as a practitioner. In 1 807 he was elected to the State Legislature ; served as a volun teer Lieutenant in the last war with Eng land ; and was a member of Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1817 to 1819, declining a re-election. In 1820 he was appointed Deputy Attorney General for Chester County, and in 1821 was appointed President Judge of the County Court, which he held until his death. Darlington, William. — Bom in Birm ingham, Chester County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1782. He was brought up on a farm until eighteen years old, trained in the religion of George Fox, and when young had but a limited education. He studied medicine, and in 1804 graduated at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1806 he was disowned by the Society of Friends for accepting the appointment of Surgeon to a military regiment; in 1807 he went to India as Surgeon of a merchant ship ; in 1811 and 1812 he assisted in es tablishing the West Chester Academy, Pennsylvania, of which he was long a 'Trustee and the Secretary; in 1813 he pre pared a catalogue of plants of his native county; in 1814 he took part in establish ing the Bank of West Chester, and was its President. When Washington City was attacked by the British, he went to camp as a volunteer; and he was a mem ber of Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1823. He was also a member of the "American Philosophical Society ; " was a Canal Commissioner in 1825. In 1826 he aided in forming a Natural History Society in West Chester, and was elected President of the same ; and on account of his devo tion to science and his scientific learning, a number of rare plants were named after him by leading naturalists of Switzerland and America. He also held the office of Clerk of the Court of Chester County; aided in founding and was President of the "West Chester Medical Society;" was President of a railway company ; in 1847 he was robbed of ,$50,000 belonging to the bank of which he was President ; his publications on botany and kindred sub jects are quite numerous ; in 1848 he re ceived from Yale College the degree of Doctor of Laws, and in 1855 that of Doctor of Physical Science from Dickinson Col lege ; and he has been elected a member of some forty learned societies in America and Europe. Died in 1863. Darragh, Cornelius. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847 ^ Davee, Thomas. — Born in Plymouth, Massachusetts, December 9, 1797 ; re moved to Maine, and was bred a merchant ; served six years in the two Houses of the Maine Legislature ; served a second term in the State Assembly, and was chosen Speaker ; he was also High Sheriff of Somerset County, and a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841. He was also for many years a Postmaster in Maine, and at the time of his death was a Senator elect of the State Legislature. He died, supported by the hopes of the Christian, December 9, 1841. Davenport, Franklin. — He was a Senator in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1798 to 1799, but was superseded by J. Schureman, and was a Representative in Congress from 1799 to 1801. Davenport, James. — He was a gradu ate of Yale College in 1777, and was a Representative in Congress, from Con necticut, from 1796 to 1797, in which year he died. Davenport, John. — He was born in Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1770; was a tutor in that College in 1773-'74 ; and a Representative in Con gress, from Connecticut, from 1799 to 1817. He died in 1830. Davenport, John. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1827 to 1829. Davenport, Thomas. — He was born in Cumberland County, Virginia, and was 100 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1825 to 1335, and died in Hali fax County in November, 1838. Davidson, Thomas G. — Born in Jeffer son County, Mississippi, August 6, 1805 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1827 ; in 1833 was Register of the Land Office at Greensburg, Louisiana; was elect ed to the Legislature of that State in 1833, where he served, from different parishes, some thirteen years ; and he was elected a Representative in Congress from Louisi ana in 1855; re-elected in 1857, and was Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills, and member of the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, but withdrew in February, 1861. Davidson, William.- — He was a native of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, having been bom September 12, 1778 ; represented that County in the State Legis lature as a Senator in 1813, 1815, 1816, and 1817; and was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1818 to 1821. He served again in the State Senate in 1827, 1828, aud 1829. He died in Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, Sep tember 16, 1857, from injuries which he received by being thrown from his carriage while taking a drive with a fractious horse. Though leading the quiet life of a planter, he was a man of great influence and use fulness. Davies, Edward. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1641. Davis, Amos. — He represented Ken tucky in Congress from 1833 to 1835, and died in Owingsville, Kentucky, June 5, 1835. Davis, Garret.— He was born at Mount Stirling, Kentucky, September 10, 1801 ; received an English and classical educa tion; while yet a boy, he was employed as a writer in the County and Circuit Courts of his district ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1823. In 1833 he was elected to the State Legislature, and was twice re-elected ; in 1839 be was a member of the State Constitutional Convention ; from 1839 to 1847 he was a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, and. declined a re-election ; and, though always actively engaged in the practice of his profession, he has ever devoted much attention to the pursuits of agriculture. In 1861 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Ken tucky for the term ending in 1867, serving on the Committees on Foreign Relations, on Territories, Claims, and Pensions. From early manhood until the death of Henry Clay, he was one of the most inti mate personal and political friends of that statesman. In 1864 he was appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, to serve until December, 1865, and in 1866 he was one of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott. Davis, George T. — He was born in Sandwich, Massachusetts,. January 12, 1810; graduated at Harvard College in 1829; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832 ; was elected to the Senate of Massachusetts in 1839 and 1840; and was Representative in Congress, from Mas sachusetts, from 1851 to 1853. Davis, Henry Winter. — Was bom in Annapolis, Maryland, August 16, 1817; graduated at Kenyon College in 1837; in 1839 he entered the University of Virginia and went through a course of studies at that institution ; he then settled in the prac tice of law at Alexandria, Virginia; in 1850 he settled in Baltimore, Maryland, and was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty- sixth Congresses, serving on the Commit tee of Ways and Means, and also elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and on the Special Committee on the Rebellious States. In 1864 he was appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, and from Hampden Sidney College he received the degree of LL.D. He was a man of superior power as an orator, and as an author he published, in 1852, a book entitled "The War of Ormuzd and Ahrinam in the Ninteenth Century." Died in Baltimore, December 30, 1865; and by a resBlution of the National House of Representatives an eulogy was pro: nounced upon him on the 22d of February, 1866, by his friend and late colleague, Senator John A. J. Creswell. This is said to have been the only occasion when a private citizen was thus honoreo' by Con gress. Davis, Jefferson. — He was born in Christian County, Kentucky, June 3, 1808, but his father removed to Mississippi in his infancy. He commenced his educa tion at the Transylvania University, Ken tucky, but left it for the West Point Acad emy, where he graduated in 1828. He followed the fortunes of a -soldier until BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 101 1835, when he became a planter. He was a cadet from 1824 to 1828 ; Second Lieu tenant of infantry from 1828 to 1833; First Lieutenant of dragoons from 1833 to 1835, serving in various campaigns against the Indians ; was Adjutant of dragoons, and at different times served in the Quar termaster's Department; in 1844 was a Presidential Elector; in 1845 was elected a Representative in Congress from Missis sippi for one term, but resigned in 1846 to become Colonel of a volunteer regiment to serve in Mexico; in Mexico he received the appointment of Brigadier General ; in 1847 was appointed a Senator in Congress, to fill a vacancy, and was elected for the term ending in 1851, but resigned in 1850 ; was re-elected for a term of six years, but resigned ; was appointed Secretary of War by President Pierce, serving throughout his administration ; and in 1857 again took his seat in the United States Senate for the term of six years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs, and a member of those on Public Buildings and Grounds and on Printing. In February, 1861, he withdrew from the Senate, be came identified with the Great Rebellion, and was elected President of the so-called " Southern Confederacy." He was subse quently confined as a prisoner of state in Fortress Monroe. Davis, John. — Born in Northborough, Massachusetts, January 13, 1787 ; gradu ated at Yale College in 1812 ; adopted the profession of law ; admitted to the bar in 1815; was a Representative in Congress from 1825 to 1833 ; Governor of Massachu setts during the years 1833 and 1834, and 1841 and 1 842 ; a Senator in Congress from 1835 to 1841, and again from 1847 to 1853, always serving on important committees and exerting much influence. On account of his many popular qualities, he was called ' ' Honest John Davis." He dted suddenly, at Worcester, April 19, 1854. Davis, John. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Davis, John G. — Born in Fleming County, Kentucky, October 10, 1810. His education was obtained at a country school, where, during the winter months, he stu died the rudiments of reading, writing and arithmetic. He was bred to the occupation of a farmer; was elected Sheriff of Parke County, Indiana, and resigned in 1832. He was Clerk of the Superior and Inferior Courts of that county from 1833 to 1851, and was a Representative, from Indiana, in the Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and Thirty -fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Public Lands, and also served on the Committee to Examine into the Accounts of the late Clerk of the House, William Cullom. He was also re elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Pub lic Lands. Died at Terre Haute, Indiana, January 18, 1866. Davis, John W. — He was born in Lan caster, Pennsylvania, in 1799 ; after com pleting his medical studies in Baltimore, in 1821, at the Medical College, he emi grated in 1823 to Indiana. He served first, in 1829, as a Surrogate, and then in the Legislature of that State, and was Speaker of the lower branch, both before and after his services in Congress, viz : in 1832 and 1841 ; and was also a Commissioner to make a treaty with the Indians. He was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1835 to 1837, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1847, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Public Lands, and was Speaker of the House of Repre sentatives during the Twenty-ninth Con gress. He was, in 1848, appointed Minis ter to China, and, subsequently, held the position of Governor of. Oregon Territory. He was also President of the Baltimore Convention which nominated Franklin Pierce for President, in 1852. Died at Car lisle, Indiana, August 22, 1859. Davis, Reuben. — Born in Tennessee, January 18, 1813. He was self-educated, owing to the limited means of his father. He studied and practiced medicine for a few years, and afterwards pursued the law as a profession. In 1835 was chosen Dis trict Attorney for the Sixth Judicial Dis; trict of Mississippi. In 1837 he was re elected to the same office ; served four months, in 1842, on the bench of the High Court of Errors and Appeals ; was in the Mexican war as Colonel commandant of the Mississippi Rifles, but resigned on ac count of sickness, and was in no battle - was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature from 1855 to 1857 ; and was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and Expendi tures in the Navy Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was a member of the Special Committee of Thirty- three. Joined the Rebellion in 1861. Davis, Richard D. — He was born in New York, graduated at Yale College in 1818, and was a Representative in Con- 102 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. gress, from his native State, from 1841 to 1845. Davis, Roger. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 to 1815. Davis, Samuel. — He was born in Mas sachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1815. In 1803, from 1808 to 1812, and in 1815 and 1816, he was a member of the State Legislature. Davis, Samuel B— He was bom in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Louisiana, from 1853 to 1855. Davis, Thomas.— He was born in Ire land, and having emigrated to Rhode Is land, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from 1853 to 1855. Davis, Thomas T— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1797 to 1803, and was appointed in that year Judge in the Territory of Indiana. Davis, Thcmas T— Was bora in Mid- dlebury, Addison County, Vermont, Au gust 22, 1810 ; graduated at Hamilton Col lege, New York, in 1831 ; studied law in Syracuse, and was admitted to the bar in 1833. As a public man, his time has been chiefly devoted to business connected with railroads, with various kinds of manufac turing, and with the mining of coal ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Roads and Canals. Davis, Timothy.— He was born in New ark, New Jersey, in March, 1794 ; received a common school education ; removed to Kentucky in 1816, and was there admitted to the bar in 1817 ; spent twenty years of his life in Missouri ; and, having removed to Iowa,, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, and was a member of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Davis, Timothy. — He was bom in Gloucester, Massachusetts, April 12, 1821 ; was educated at a district school, which he did not attend after reaching the age of twelve years ; spent two years in a print ing office ; lived a number of years in Bos< ton as a clerk and as a merchant ; in 1854, by an unusually large majority, he was elected a Representative in Congress, from his native district; was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and served as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was appointed by President Lincoln to a place in the Boston Custom -House in 1861. Davis, Warren R.— He was born in South Carolina ; graduated at the College of South Carolina in 1810 ; adopted the profession of law ; came to the bar in 1814 ; was appointed Solicitor for South Carolina in 1818 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from South Carolina, from 1825 to 1835, and died in Washington, District of Columbia, January 29, 1835, aged forty- two years. It was while attending his funeral that President Jackson was fired at by a man named Lawrence. Davis, William M. — Was born in Pennsylvania, and elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Dawes, Henry L. — Born in Cumming- ton, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, October 30, 1816. He graduated at Yale College in 1839, and adopted the profession of law. He taught school for a time, and edited a paper called the " Greenfield Ga zette." He was a member of the Legisla ture of Massachusetts, during the years 1848, 1849, and 1852; of the State Senate in 1850, and also of the State Constitution al Convention in 1853. He was also Dis trict Attorney for the Western District of his native State, from 1853 until elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, wherein he served as a member of the Committee on Revolu tionary Claims; was re-elected to the Thir ty-sixth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Elections; re-elected to the Thirty-sevejtfh Congress, serving as Chair man of the committee on Elections; and was re-elected to the Thirtv-eighth Con gress, serving again as Chairman of the Committee on Elections. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, continuing at the head of the Committee on Elections, and serving on that on Weights and Measures. Dawson, John.— He graduated at Har vard University in 1782 ; was a Presiden tial Elector in 1793 ; was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1797 to 1814 ; served in one of the State Conventions of Virginia, and in the Gen eral Assembly ; was a member of the Ex ecutive Council of Virginia ; rendered ser vice in the war of 1813, as aid to the com- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 103 manding General, on the Lakes ; and was appointed bearer of despatches to France, in 1801, by President Adams. He died in Washington City, March 30, 1814, aged fifty-two years. Dawson, John B. — He was bom at Nashville, Tennessee, in 1800, and was a Representative in Congress, from Lou isiana, from 1841 to the time of his death, which occurred at St. Francisville, Lou isiana, June 26, 1845. He had repeatedly served in the Legislature of Louisiana; was a Militia General of the State; aud was Judge of the Parish Court in which he resided before his election to Congress. Dawson, John L. — He was born in Unionto wn, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, February 7, 1813; was educated at Wash ington CoUege ; adopted the profession of law; was appointed by President Polk, in 1845, United States Attorney for the West ern District of Pennsylvania ; was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Con gresses, serving during the last term as Chairman of the Committee on Agricul ture ; and in 1852 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a member of tbe Committee on Foreign Affairs, and also of the Committee on Public Lands. He was the author of the Homestead Bill which passed in 1854; and a Delegate to the Baltimore Conventions of 1844, 1848, and 1860, and of the Cincinnati Conven tion of 1856, when, on the part of Penn sylvania, he delivered the speech acknowl edging the nomination of Mr. Buchanan. He was appointed Governor of Kansas, by President Pierce, in 1855, but declined the appointment ; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Rules and Foreign Affairs. Dawson, William C. — Bom in Greene County, Georgia, January % 1798, and died May 5, 1856. He graduated at Frank lin College in 1816; studied law at home and at Litchfield, Connecticut ; and having been admitted to the bar, settled at Greens- borough, in 1818, where he was eminently successful as a jury lawyer. He was for twelve years Clerk of the House of Repre sentatives of Georgia, and several times Senator and Representative in the Legisla ture. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Georgia, from 1837 to 1842 ; and in 1845 he was appointed Judge of the Ockmulgee Circuit; and from 1849 to 1855 he was a Senator of the United States, where he served on important committees, and spoke on many questions of national interest, and commanded a wide influ; ence. Dawson, William J. — A Representa tive in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1793 to 1795. Day, Rowland. — He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1816 and 1817, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1833 to 1835. Day, Timothy C. — He was born in Ohio, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Con- Dayan, Charles. — Born at Amsterdam, New York, July 16, 1792 ; until fourteen years of age he worked in a mill ; at that time he began to study, and was success ful; taught school for four winters at a monthly price of two dollars per month ; studied law, and was a successful practi tioner for many years. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833 ; a State Senator in 1827 and 1828 ; acting Lieutenant Governor in 1829; and a member of the Assembly in 1835 and 1836. He was also District At torney for Lewis County for five years. Dayton, Elias. — He was an officer of the Revolution, and in 1778 was appointed by Congress Colonel of the New Jersey Regiment, and at the close of the war was promoted to Brigadier General, and held the office of Major General of Militia. He wai a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from 1787 to 1783. He died at Eliza- bethtown, July, 1807, aged seventy-one. Dayton, Jonathan. — A native of New Jersey ; graduated at Princeton College in 1776 ; was a member of the Convention in 1787 which formed the Constitution, and signed that instrument ; was a Representa tive in Congress from 1791 to 1799 ; Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1795 to 1797 ; and was a Senator of the United States, from New Jersey, from 1799 to 1805. He was a distinguished statesman, and died at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, October 9, 1824, aged about sixty-eight years. Dayton, William L. — Born in Somer set County, New Jersey, February 17, 1807; graduated at Princeton College in 1825 ; was a lawyer by profession, having come to the bar in 1830 ; was a member of the State Senate of New Jersey in 1837 ; 104 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. was appointed one of the Justices of the Superior Court of the State February 28, 1838, and resigned said office in 1 841 , and resumed the practice of law ; was a Sena tor in Congress from 1842 to 1851. In March, 1857, was appointed Attorney Gen eral of New Jersey, which office he held until 1861, when he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister to France. He was also a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. Died in Paris, December 2, 1864. Dean, Ezra. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1841 to 1845. Dean, Gilbert.— Is a native of Pleasant Valley, Dutchess County, New York. In May, 1837, he entered the Amenia Semi nary, and in September of the same year he went to Yale College, and graduated in 1841. He studied law in Pine Plains, and commenced practice in Poughkeepsie in 1844, attaining eminence in his profession ;' and was elected a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1851 to 1853. Was re-elected for a second term, but re signed in 1854 to accept the office of Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Dean, Josiah. — He was born in Bayn- ham, Massachusetts, March 16, 1748; was a Presidential Elector in 1805 ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1807 to 1809. From 1804 to 1807 he was a State Senator ; and in 1810 and 1811 was a member of the State Legis lature. Died October 14, 1818. Dean, Sidney— He was born in Glas- tenbury, Hartford County, Connecticut November 16, 1818. He received only a common school education; entered upon active life as a manufacturer; but subse quently became a clergyman. He served one year in the Legislature of Connecticut and was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, in 1855, and re elected in 1857 ; officiating during his first term as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures, and as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia In 1860 he settled in Rhode Island as a clergyman. Deane, Silas.— A native of Connecti cut; graduated at Yale College in 1758. He was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from 1774 to 1776, when he was ap pointed a political and commercial agent to France, but was recalled by Congress, in consequence of certain contracts which he made. In 1784 he published an address to the citizens of the United States com-, plaining of the manner in which he had been treated. He went to Europe soon after and died in extreme poverty at Deal, England, in 1789. His intercepted letters to his brothers and others were published in 1782. Dearborn, Henry. — Was a native of New Hampshire, and settled, in the prac tice of Physic, at Portsmouth. He was a Captain in Stark's regiment at the battle of Bunker Hill; he accompanied Arnold in the expedition through the wilderness of Maine to Quebec ; he was captured by the British, and put into close confinement; but in May, 1776, was permitted to return on parole ; in March, 1777, he was ex changed ; he served as a Major in the army under Gates at the capture of Burgoyne. He distinguished himself at the battle of Monmouth by a gallant charge on the enemy. Dearborn being sent to ask for further orders, Washington inquired, by way of commendation, "What troops are those?" "Full-blooded Yankees from New Hampshire, sir, " was the reply. In 1779 he accompanied Sullivan in his expe dition against the Indians; in 1780 he was with the army in New Jersey ; in 1781 he was at Yorktown, at the surrender of Corn- wallis ; in 1789 Washington appointed him Marshal of the District of Maine. He was elected a member of Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1793 to 1797. In 1801 he was appointed Secretary of War, and held the office till 1809, when he was appointed to the office of Collector of Boston. In 1812 he received a commission as senior Major General in the army of the United States. In the spring of 1813 he captured York, in Upper Canada, and Fort George, at the mouth of the Niagara. He was re called by President Madison in July. He was ordered to assume the command of the military district of New York City. In 1822 he was appointed Minister Plenipo tentiary to Portugal; two years after he returned to America at his own request. He died in 1829, aged seventy-eight years. Dearborn, Henry A. S.— Bom in 1783, in Exeter, New Hampshire ; was educated at William and Mary College, Virginia, and commenced the study of law in Wash ington, while his father was Secretary of War under Jefferson. He finished his studies at Salem, Massachusetts, and com menced to practice in that city. He re moved to Portland, and superintended the erection of the forts in the harbor. He was appointed Collector of Boston by Pre- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 105 sident Madison, (having been previously made Deputy Collector by his father, when Collector,) as an inducement for his father to accept the command of the army, and he held the office until removed by General Jackson in 1829. In 1812 he was Briga dier of Militia, and had the command of the troops in Boston harbor. In 1821 was a member of the Convention for revising the Constitution of Massachusetts. In 1829 was a Representative in the Legisla ture from Roxbury ; and the same year chosen Executive Councillor, and the fol lowing year a State Senator. From 1831 to 1833 he was a Representative in Con gress. He was soon appointed Adjutant General of Massachusetts, and continued in that office till 1843, when be was re moved for lending some of the State arms during the Dorr Rebellion in Rhode Island. In 1847 was chosen Mayor of Roxbury, which office he held until his death. While in the Custom-hoUse, in Boston, he wrote and published three volumes on the ' ' Com merce of the Black Sea." He also wrote a biography of Commodore Brainbridge, and one of his father ; a book on Architec ture, and a Life of Christ. He died in Portland, Maine, July 29, 1851. Deberry, Edmund. — Born in Mont gomery County, North Carolina, August 14, 1787. He was educated at the ordi nary schools of the county, and having entered public life, in 1806, as a member of the State Legislature, he continued to serve there, with occasional intermissions, until 1828 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1829 to 1831, from 1833 to 1845, and again from 1849 to 1851. Died in his native county in 1859. Defrees, Joseph H. — He was born in Carthage, White County, Tennessee, May 13, 1812; received a good common school education ; spent his early days engaged in the printing business, but subsequently turned his attention to merchandising in Indiana; in 1836 he was elected Sheriff of Elkhart County, and re-elected in 1838; in 1849 he was elected to the Indiana Legislature, in 1850 to the State Senate, and in 1864 he was chosen a Representa tive, from Indiana, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency and Roads and Canals. De Graff, John I. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1837 to 1839. Deitz, William. — He was born in Scho harie County, New York, and was a mem ber of the New York Assembly in 1314 and 1815 ; a Representative in Congress, from th at State, from 1825 to 1 827 ; and a State Senator from 1830 to 1833. De Jarnette, Daniel C. — Born in Caro line County, Virginia, in 1822; received a liberal education ; adopted the occupation of a farmer ; served many years in the Legislature of Virginia ; and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Withdrew in 1861. Delano, Charles. — Born in Braintree, Massachusetts, in 1 820 ; graduated at Am herst College in 1840 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1 842 ; in 1850 he was appointed Treasurer of Hampshire Coun ty ; and he was elected a Representative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Delano, Columbus.- — He was born in Shoreham, Vermont, in 1809; removed to Mount Vernon, Ohio, in 1817; was admit ted to the bar in 1831, and became emi nently successful both as a criminal prose cutor and an advocate. In 1844 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Twenty -ninth Congress, and served on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. In 1847 he was candidate for Governor, but lacked two votes of a nomination. In I860 was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention. In 1861 was appointed Commissary Gene ral of Ohio, and filled the office with great success until the General Government as sumed the subsistence of all State troops. In 1862 he was a candidate for United States Senator, but again lacked two votes of nomination. In 1863 he was elected to the House of Representatives of Ohio, and was a prominent member of that body, taking a leading part in shaping the im portant legislation of that session. In 1864 he was a member of the Baltimore Convention, and Chairman of the Ohio Delegation, zealously supporting President Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. He was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Having relinquished the practice of his profession, he became extensively engaged in agricultural pursuits and the business of banking. 106 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Delaplaine, Isaac C. — He was bom in New York, and was elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Dellet, James. — He was a native of Ireland ; and one of the early graduates of the University of South Carolina, having left it in 1810; he adopted the profession of law, coming to the bar in 1813 ; was a Commissioner in Equity ; removed to Ala bama in 181,-, where he was appointed a Judge of the Circuit Court, and frequently represented his county in the State Legis lature ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Alabama, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1845. He died at Clai- bourne, December 21 , 1848, aged sixty years. Deming, Henry C. — He was born in Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1836, and at the Law School of Harvard College in 1838 ; he was a member of the Connecticut Legislature in 1849 and 1850, and also from 1659 to 1861, serving as Speaker during the latter year. In 1851 he was a member of the State Senate. He subsequently presided over the city of Hartford as Mayor for six years. In 1861 , as Colonel of the Twelfth Regiment of Connecticut Volunteers, he went to New Orleans, and participated in the capture of that city. In October, 1862, he was ap pointed Mayor of New Orleans, which position he held until February/ 1863, when he resigned botli that office and his commission in the army, and returned home. Two months afterwards he was elected a Representative, from Connecti cut, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs, and as Chairman of the Committee on Ex penditures in the War Department. Re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on the Death of President Lincoln; as well as on his former committees; and was one of the Repre sentatives appointed to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Deming, Benjamin P.— He was oorn at Danville, Vermont; received a common school education ; served » number of years as a clerk in a store ; was Clerk of the court in his native county for sixteen years; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, for the term from 1633 to 1835, but died at Saratoga Springs, whither he had gone for his health, July U, 1634. De Mott, John.— He was born in New Jersey ; was a member of the New York As sembly in 1833; and a Representative in Congress, from thatState, from 1845 to 1847. Deneyelles, Peter. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. Denison, Charles. — Was born in Wyo ming Valley, Pennsylvania, January 23, 1816; graduated at Dickinson College in 1829 ; adopted and practiced the profession of law ; and was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Indian Affairs and Expenditures in the Navy Department. Denning, William. — He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Eleventh Congress, but did not qualify, having resigned. Dennis, John.— He was born in Somer set County, Maryland, in 1807 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. He was also twice elected to the State Legislature, and was a member of the Maryland State Con vention in 1850. He was educated for the bar, but relinquished professional life for the pursuits of agriculture. Died of con sumption November 1, 1859. Dennis, Littleton P. — He graduated at Yale College in 1603; served many years in the Legislature of Maryland ; and was elected a Representative to Congress, from Maryland, in 1333; and died at Washington, April 14, 1834, before the ex piration of his term in Congress. Deunison, G-eorge. — He was born in Luzerno dainty, Pennsylvauia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from I8i9 to 18J3. He was for many years Register and Recorder of Luzerne County," and before as well as after his service in Congress was frequent ly returned to the Legislature, and died at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, in 1831, while in office. Denny, Arthur A. — He was born in Indiana in 1822 ; went with his parents to Knox County, Illinois, when fourteen years of age ; was for eight years Surveyor of Knox Couuty. In 1851 he removed to tho Pacific coast, and settled at Puget's Sound, in what is now called Washington Ten itory. He was a member of the Terri torial Legislature from 1853 to 1861 ; four years Register of the Land Office at BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 107 Olympia ; and was elected a Delegate from Washington Territory to the Thirty-ninth Congress. Denny, Harmar. — Born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1794 ; graduated at Dickinson College ; was a member of the Legislature of his native State, and a Rep resentative in Congress from 1829 to 1837 ; and a member of the Convention which formed the present Constitution of Penn sylvania. He died inJPittsburg, January 29, 1852. w Dent, George. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maryland, from 1793 to 1801, and was appointed in the lat ter year United States Marshal for the Po tomac District. During the third session of the Fifth Congress he was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives. Dent, William B. W. — He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1853 to 1855. Denver, James W. — Born in Win chester, Virginia, in 1818. When quite young he emigrated to Ohio with his parents ; received a good education ; in 184 1 he went to Missouri, where he taught school and studied law ; he served in the Mexican war as a Captain, under appoint ment from President Polk; in 1850 he went to California, where he was appointed a member of a relief committee to protect emigrants, and afterwards Secretary of State of California; he was a Representa tive, from California, in the Thirty-fourth Congress ; by President Buchanan he was appointed a Commissioner of Indian Af fairs, which office he resigned to accept the appointment of Governor of the Terri tory of Kansas, which position he resigned in November, 1858, and was reappointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Resigned March, 1859. Desaussure, William P. — He was horn in South Carolina ; graduated at Har vard University in 181u ; and was a Sena tor in Congress, from his native State, from 1852 to 1853. Desha, Joseph. — He was bom in Penn sylvania, December 9, 1768, and emigrated to Kentucky in 1781 ; in 1794 he served as a volunteer in the expedition against the Indians, under General Wayne ; served for a time in the State Legislature ; fought at the battle of the Thames, as a Major General ; was a Representative in Con gress, from Kentucky, from 1807 to 1819 ; was Governor of Kentucky for four years, from 1824 ; and died at Georgetown, Ken tucky, October 13, 1842. Desha, Robert. — He was a prominent merchant of Mobile, and a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1827 to 1831. He was the brother of Joseph Desha. He died February 8, 1849. Destrihan, John Noel. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Louisiana, for a part of the year 1812. Dewart, Lewis. — He was a native of Pennsylvania, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1831 to 1833. Dewart, William L. — He was born in Pennsylvania; was a lawyer by profession, and was a member of the Thirty-fifth Coi»- gress, from his native State. He was Chairman of the Committee on Unfinished Business. Dewey, Daniel. — Was a lawyer, hav ing studied under Theodore Sedgwick, and attained a high rank in his profession. He was a member of the Council of the State, and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, in 1813 and 1814, when he resigned ; was appointed Judge of the Su preme Court of Massachusetts in 1814. He died June 3, 1815. De Witt, Alexander. — Born in Wor cester County, Massachusetts, April 2, 1797; was a Representative in the Massa chusetts Legislature from 1830 to 1836 ; devoted himself to the manufacturing busi ness ; was a bank President ; and was a Representative in Congiess, from Massa chusetts, from 1853 to 1857. He was also a State Senator in 1842, 1844, 1850, and 1 851 ; and a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1853. De Witt, Charles. — He was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress, from 1783 to 1785. De Witt, Charles G. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831, and appointed Charge d'Affaires, for Central America, in 1833. He died at Newburg, April 13, 1839. De 'Witt, Jacob H. — He was bom in Ulster County, New York, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821; and a member of the New York Assembly in 1839 and in 1847. 108 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. He died at Kingston, New York, January 30, 1857, aged seventy-three years. De Wolfe, James.— He was a Senator of the United States, from Rhode Island, from 1821 to 1825, when he resigned, and died in the city of New York December 21 , 1837, aged seventy-four years. Dexter, Samuel.— Was a native of Massachusetts, and born in 1761 ; he grad uated at Harvard College in 1781; and, having studied law at Worcester with Levi Lincoln, he soon rose to professional emi nence. He was a member of the House of Representatives in Congress, from Mas sachusetts, from 1793 to 1795, and was elected to the Senate, serving from 1799 to 1800. During the administration of John Adams he was appointed Secretary of War in 1800, and Secretary of the Treasury in January, 1801 ; and, for a short time, also had the charge of the Department of State. On the accession of Mr. Jefferson to the Presidency he held the office of Secretary of the Treasury, and not complying with an intimation to resign, Mr. Gallatin was ap pointed in his place. ¦ In 1812 he aban doned the party to which he had always been attached, and became a leader on the other side, and, as such, was a candidate for Governor of Massachusetts, in 1815 and 1816, in opposition to Governor Brooks. A mission to Spain was offered him, by President Madison, in 1815. He died May 3, 1816. Dick John. — Was bom in Pennsylva nia; was bred a merchant; and was a member of Congress, from said State, in 1854 and 1855, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Accounts. Dick Samuel. — He was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Con gress in 1783 and 1784. Dickens, Samuel — A Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, during the years 1816 and 1817. Dickerson, Mahlon. — Born in Morris County, New Jersey, in 1769; graduated at Princeton College in 1789 ; studied law, and in early life he resided in Pennsylvania, where he was Recorder of the city of Phil adelphia, and subsequently Quartermaster General of the State ; he returned to New Jersey, and was elected to the Legislature of that State. He was Judge of the Su preme Court of New Jersey, and was elected Governor of that State in 1815, and held the office until 1817, when he was chosen United States Senator from New Jersey, and continued in that office for sixteen years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures, as well as others. In 1834 he became Secretary of the Navy, in the cabinet of President Jackson, and held that department until 1838, some two years after the accession of President Van Buren. For two years he was President of the American Institute. He died hi Morris County, New Jersey, October 5, T853. Dickerson, Philemon.— A native of New Jersey; was an officer in the American Revolution, and enjoyed a great reputation for courage and zeal in the cause of liberty. He commanded the Jersey militia at the battle of Monmouth. He was a Delegate from Delaware, to the Continental Con gress, from 1782 to 1783 ; and after the organization of the National Government in its present form, he was appointed a Senator in Congress, from 1790 to 1793. Having discharged in a satisfactory man ner the duties of the several civil and mili tary stations which he held, he enjoyed several years of retirement from public life, and died at Trenton in 1809. Dickerson, Philemon. — He was the brother of Mahlon Dickerson, a native of New Jersey, and a Representative in Con gress, from the Paterson District, in that State, from 1833 to 1835, and again from 18::9 to 1841. In 1836 he was Governor of New Jersey, and was subsequently ap pointed Judge of the United States District Court for New Jersey. Died at Paterson, New Jersey, December 10, 1862, aged about seventy years. Dickey, Jesse C. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Dickey, John. — He was a member of Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1843 to 1845, and from 1847 to 1849 ; and at the time of his death was United States Mar shal for Western Pennsylvania. He died in Beaver County March 14, 1853. Dickinson, Daniel S. — He was bora in Goshen, Litchfield County, Connecticut, September 11, 1800; removed with his father to Chenango County, New York, in 1806 ; received a common school education ; and in 1821 he entered upon the duties of a school teacher, and, without the aid of an instructor, mastered the Latin language, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 109 and became versed in the higher branches of mathematics and other sciences. He studied law, came to the bar in 1830, and settled in Binghamton, where he long practiced his profession with success. In 1836 he was elected to the State Senate, serving from ] 837 to 1840 ; was Judge of the Court of Errors from 1836 to 1841 ; from 1842 to 1844 he was President of said Court, Lieutenant Governor, and also President of the Senate ; was a Regent of the Univer sity of New York in 1843 ; was a member of the Convention which nominated J. K. Polk for President, and a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; and he was a Senator in Congress from New York from 1844 to 1851, serving on important committees, originating and ably supporting several im portant measures. In 1861 he was elected Attorney General of the State of New York ; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Conven tion of 1864 ; and in 1865 he was appointed by President Lincoln United States District Attorney for the Southern District of New York ; and died suddenly in that city April 12, 1866. Before accepting his last public position he declined several appointments tendered to him by the President of the United States and the Governor of New York. Dickinson, David W. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1843 to 1845, and died at Franklin, Tennessee, April 27, of the latter year. Dickinson, Edward. — He was born in Massachusetts ; adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1838 and 1839 ; a State Sen ator in 1842 and 1843; a State Councillor in 1845 and 1846 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1853 to 1855. He was a graduate of Amherst College, and a lawyer by profession. Dickinson, John. — He studied law in hiladelphia, and spent three years at the emple in London. On his return to Ame- ca he commenced to practice in Philadel- hia. In 1764 he was a member of the Assembly, and in 1765 of the General Con gress. He was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress, from 1774 to 1776, and opposed the Declaration of Independence, fearing the strength of the country insuffi cient to take so important a stand, but was the only member of Congress to face the enemy a few days after the publication of the Declaration. From 1776 to 1777 he was a Delegate to Congress from Delaware, and again from 1779 to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation, as well as the Constitution. In 1781 he was President of that State. In 1782 he was chosen Presi - dent of Pennsylvania, and filled that offic e till 1785. In 1767 he began to publish his letters against taxation, and wrote the greater portion of the State papers of the first Congress. His collected writings were published in 1801. He died in 1808, aged seventy-five. Dickinson, John D. — He was born in Middlesex County, Connecticut, in 1767 ; graduated at Yale College in 1785 ; and was a member of Congress, from New York, from 1819 to 1823, and again from 1827 to 1831 ; and died at Troy, January 28, 1841. Dickinson, Rudolphus. — He was born in Massachusetts, and having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Died in August, 1849. Dickson, David. — He was a member]of Congress, from Mississippi, in 1835 and 1836, and died at Little Rock, Arkansas, July 31, 1836. Dickson, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1331 to 1835, and died at West Bloomfield, New York, February 22, 1852. Dickson, Samuel. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, during the Thirty-fourth Congress. He died at his residence, in New Scotland, New York, May 3, 1858, in consequence of spinal injuries received while in the faith ful discharge of his public duties at Wash ington. He had been bred a physician, and was universally respected. Dickson, William. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1801 to 1807. Dillingham, Paul, jr. — He was born in Shutesbury, Franklin County, Massachu setts, August, 1800; removed to Water- bury, Vermont, with his father in 1805 ; received a good education ; adopted the profession of law ; and was admitted to practice in Washington County, in 1824. He was Town Clerk of Waterbury, from 1829 to 1844, and Justice of the Peace eighteen years. He was State's Attorney, for Washington County, from 1835 to 1838 ; and was a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1836 and 1837. He was a Representative to the General Assembly six years, and State Senator in 1841 and 110 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 1842 ; and elected a Representative in Con gress, from 1843 to 1847, and was a mem ber of the Committee on the Judiciary. He has since that time devoted himself to the practice of his profession ; and was elected Governor of Vermont for the year 1866. Dimmick Milo M. — He was bom in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Dimmick, William H. — He was born in Milford, Pike County, Pennsylvania, December 20, 1815. — He received an acad emical education, and adopted the profes sion of law. He w7as Prosecuting Attorney, for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, for Wayne County, in 1836 and 1837 ; was a member of the State Senate in 1845, 1846, and 1847 ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from Pennsylvania, in the Thirty- fifth Congress, officiating as Chairman of the Joint Committee on the Library. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Printing. Died at Honesdale, Pennsyl vania, August 2, 1861. Dimock, Davis, jr. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841 to 1842. Died January 13, 1842. Dinsmoor, Samuel. — He was bom at Londonderry, New Hampshire, in 1766; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1789 ; was for many years a Major General of Militia ; a Presidential Elector in 1821 ; and a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1811 to 1813; a Judge of Probate ; and served as Governor of his native State during the years 1831, 1832, and 1833. He died at Keene, March 15, 1835. Disney, David T— He was a native of Baltimore, Maryland, and removed to Cin cinnati, Ohio, in 1820. He was frequently a member of both branches of the State Legislature of Ohio, and three times elected Speaker. He represented his adopted State in Congress, from 1849 to 1855. He died in Washington, March 14, le57, aged fifty- four years. Diven, Alexander S.— He was born at the head of Seneca Lake, town of Catharine, and County of Tioga, New York, February 15, 1809; received an academical educa tion; studied law and adopted that profes sion; was a Senator in the New York Legislature, in 1858; and was elected a Representative, from Now York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary. Dix, John A. — Born in Boscawen, New Hampshire, July 24, 1798. He commenced his education by attending the academies at Salisbury and Exeter ; spent one year in a French college at Montreal; and, in 1812, was appointed a cadet in the army, but, instead of going to West Point, preferred to join the army on the frontier as an En sign; and in 1813 he was acting Adjutant of an independent battalion. In 1819 he was aide-de-camp to Major General Brown, but devoted his leisure to the study of law ; from that time until 1 828, he visited Cuba and travelled in Europe for his health, when he settled at Cooperstown as a lawyer. In 1831 he was Adjutant General under Governor Throop ; in 1833 he was ap pointed Secretary of State of New York, and was a Regent of the State University; in 1841 he was elected to the Assembly, from Albany; and after making another visit abroad, was elected to the United States Senate, where he served from 1845 to 1849. Of late years he has been chiefly en gaged in the management of a large estate. In 1820 he received from Brown University the degree of Master of Arts, and in 1845, from Geneva College, the degree of Doctor of Laws. In 1860 he was appointed by President Buchanan Postmaster of New York; and in January, 1861, was ap pointed by Mr. Buchanan Secretary of the Treasury. He served in 1861 and 1862 as a Mnjor General of Volunteers, and was appointed to the same position in the regu lar army. In 1866 he was appointed Min ister Resident to the Netherlands. Dixon, Archibald.— Was born in Cas well County, North Carolina, April 2, 1802, and removed with his father to Henderson County, Kentucky, in 1805. He received only aplain English education at the county schools, but made good use of his advan tages, and at the age of twenty entered upon the study of law, and acquired con siderable reputation as a lawyer. In 1830 he was a Representative in the Legislature, and in 1836 in the State Senate, and again in the Lower House in 1841. In 1843 was elected Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky. In 1849 was a member of the Constitu tional Convention for reforming State laws, and was a member of the United States Senate, from 1852 to 1855, being elected to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resig nation of his friend, Henry Clay. Dixon, James.— He was born in En field, Connecticut, in 1814 ; .graduated at BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Ill Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1834 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a mem ber of the House in the Legislature of Con necticut in 1837, 1838, and 1844, and of the State Senate in 1849 and 1 854 ; was a Representative in Congress from Connec ticut from 1845 to 1849 ; was elected a Senator in Congress for six years from 1857 ; was re-elected in 1863 for the term ending in 1869 ; serving on the Committee on Manufactures and various other com mittees, and as Chairman of the Committee on^Iontingent Expenses of the Senate, of the Committee on the District of Columbia, and of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. He was also a member of the National Committee appointed to ac company the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Dixon, Joseph Henry. — A Represent ative in Congress from North Carolina, from 1799 to 1801. Dixon, Nathan P. — Born at Plainfield, Connecticut, in 1774 ; graduated at Brown University in 1799 ; studied law, and established himself in Rhode Island, in 1802, to practice his profession. In 1813 he was elected a member of the General Assembly of that State. From 1839 to 1842 he was a Senator of the United States. He died at Washington, District of Colum bia, January 29, 1842. Dixon, Nathan P. — Born in Westerly, Rhode island, May I, 1312; fitted for Col lege at Plainfield Academy, in Connecticut, and graduated at Brown University in 1833. He attended the Law Schools at New Haven and Cambridge, and was ad mitted to the bar in New London in 1837, and engaged in the practice of his profes sion in Connecticut and Rhode Island. He was a member of the General Assembly of Rhode Island from 1840 to 1849; was a Pres idential Elector in 1844 ; and was elected a Representative, from Rhode Island, to the Thirty-firstCongress. He was again elected to the General Assembly of his State in 1851, and, with the exception of two years, held the office until 1859. In 1863 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Commerce ; and was also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. His father bearing the same name was a Senator in Congress. In the Thirty-ninth Congress he served on the Committees on Commerce and Expendi tures on the Public Buildings. Doane, William. — He was bom in Maine, and having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843. Dobbin, James C. — He was born in 1814 ; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1832. He was a lawyer by profession, and was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from his native State, in 1845, and declined a re-election. He served in the State Legislature in 1848 and 1850, and during the last session officiated as Speaker ; and in 1852 was a Presidential Elector. His eloquence at the bar and in the legislative hall is said to have been of the most winning character, and his urbane manners and amiable disposition made him a general favorite. He was Secretary of the Navy during the whole of President Pierce's administration, and he died at Fay- etteville, North Carolina, August 4, 1857. Dockery, A. — He was a native of North Carolina, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1851 to 1853. Dodd, Edward. — Born in Salem, Washington County, New York, in 1805 ; was bred a merchant ; chosen County Clerk of the County of Washington for three terms of three years each, commencing January 1, 1835 ; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of New York in 1846 ; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, in 1855, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Doddridge, Philip. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, in 1829, and continued in that position until his death, which occurred in Washington November 19, 1832. He was a distin guished lawyer, and commanded great in fluence in Congress. He was about sixty years of age. Dodge, Augustus C. — He was born in Missouri, and was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Iowa, from 1841 to 1847 ; a Presidential Elector for the State of 'Iowa in 1848 ; a Senator in Congress, from the State of Iowa, from 1848 to 1855 ; after which he received, from President Pierce, the appointment of Minister to Spain, which he resigned. He was a del egate also to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Dodge, Henry. — He was born in Indi ana, and removed to Wisconsin ; served, with great credit, as an officer of volunteers, on the Northwestern frontiers. He distin guished himself especially in the Black 112 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Hawk war, and, as an Indian fighter, was thought to have no superior. When the first regiment of dragoons was raised in 1833, he was appointed Colonel, which office he resigned in 1836, when he was appointed Governor of Wisconsin Territory and Superintendent of Indian Affairs. He was a Delegate to Congress, from Wiscon sin, from 1841 to 1845, and a Senator in Congress, from the State of Wisconsin, from 1848 to 1857. Dodge, William E. — He was born in Hartford, Connecticut, September 4, 1805; received a good common school education ; in his thirteenth year he removed to New York and entered a counting-house as clerk ; and on reaching the age of twenty- one he commenced business on his own account, and was for forty years at the head of one of the most extensive importing and manufacturing establishments in the coun try. He was prominently connected with many of the public improvements of the day; was a member of the Peace Convention of 1861 ; devoted much time and money to the support of the Government during the Re bellion ; was for many years President of the National Temperance Society ; active in the various religious and benevolent op erations of New York ; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, having success fully contested the seat of James Brooks ; serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Doe, Nicholas B. — Bom in New York, and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Twenty-sixth Congress, in place of A. Brown, deceased. Doig, Andrew W. — He was born in Washington County, New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843, having previously served one year, 1832, in the State Assem bly. He was many years a teacher and surveyor, a County Clerk for one year, and held the office of Surrogate from 1835 to 1840. He went to California in 1849, but subsequently returned to his native county. Donnell, Richard S. — He was born in North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. In 1863 he published a Letter on the Rebellion, which attracted great atten tion. Donnelly, Ignatius. — He was bom -47 to 1851. Took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a Brigadier General. Felch, Alpheus. — Born in Limerick, York County, Maine, September 28, 1806. He graduated at Bowdoin College, and adopted the law as a profession. He emi grated to Michigan when quite young; was a member of the State Legislature in 1836 and 1837; was appointed Bank Commissioner of Michigan iu 1838, and resigned in 1839 ; for a short time in 1842 was Auditor General of the State, but re linquished that position for a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of Michigan ; in 1845 he was elected Governor of Michi gan, and having resigned in 1847, was elected a Senator in Congress for six years. He was appointed by President Pierce one of the Commissioners to settle land claims in California, under the Act of Congress and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, in March, 1853, the business of which com mission was closed by disposing of all the cases before it in March, 1856, since which BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 129 time he has lived in retirement. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Pelder, John M. — Born in Orangeburg District, South Carolina, July 7, 1782; graduated at Yale College in 1804 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1808; was a member of the State Assembly in 1812, and subsequently of the Senate; was a Trustee of South Carolina College; and served as a Major of militia ; and was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1831 to 1835. Died at Union Point September I, 1851. Pell, John. — He was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780. Penner, James. — Born in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1771 ; graduated at Brown University, from which Institution he re ceived the degree of LL.D. He was for more" than half a century actively con nected with the public affairs of his native State ; was United States Senator from 1805 to 1807, when he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, which office he held four years; was re-elected in 1824, and served seven years, and was again elected in 1844. In 1837 he was a Presidential Elector. He died in Providence, April 17, 1846. Penton, Reuben E. — Born in Carroll, Cbautauque County, New York, July 1, 1819; was educated at Pleasant Hill and Fredonia Academies, and adopted the pro fession of law, but pursued the mercantile business. In 1843 he was elected Super visor of the town of Can-oil. He was elected a Representative in the Thirty-third and Thirty-fifth Congresses from New York, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims ; was re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions ; was also elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee of Ways and Means, which position he re signed to accept the Governorship of New York for 1865 and 1866, to which he had been elected. Ferguson, Fenner. — Born in Rensse laer County, New York, April 25, 1814. His education was academic, and he is a lawyer by profession; he was Master in Chancery in Albany, New York, in 1844 ; also Master in Chancery in Michigan; a member of the Michigan Legislature, and 9 Prosecuting Attorney. June 29, 1854, he was appointed by President Pierce Chief Justice of the Territory of Nebraska, which office he resigned, after being elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congiess from that Territory. Ferris, Charles G. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Ferry, Orris S. — Born in Bethel, Con necticut, August 15, 1823; graduated at Yale College in 1844 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1846. In 1847 he received the appointment of Lieutenant Colonel of the First Division Connecticut militia ; in 1849 was appointed Judge of Probate for the District of Norwalk ; elected to the State Senate in 1855 and 1856; in ] 856 he was appointed State's Attorney for the County of Fairfield, which position he continued to occupy until 1859, when he was elected a Representative to the Thirty- sixth Congress from Connecticut, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolu tionary Claims, and the Special Committee of thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He served with distinction as a Colonel and Brigadier General in the war for the Union, and in 1866 he was elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing March, 1867, and ending in 1873. Ferry, Thomas W. — He was born in Mackinac, Michigan, June 1, 1827 ; was self-educated ; has over been occupied in business affairs. In 1850 he was elected to the State Legislature ; to the State Sen ate in 1856 ; for eight years was an active member of the Republican State Commit tee ; was a Delegate at large to the Chicago Convention of 1860, and a Vice-President ; was appointed in 1863 Commissioner for Michigan of the Soldiers' National Ceme tery at Gettysburg ; and in 1 864 was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, the Militia, and the Debts of Loyal States. Fessenden, Samuel C. — Was bora in New Gloucester, Maine, March 7, 1815; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1834, and completed his education at the Bangor Theological Seminary in 1 837 ; in 1838 he was ordained and installed as Pastor of the Second Congregational Church, in Thomas- ton, now Rockland, and dismissed, at his own request, in 1856; during that year he established the Maine Evangelist ; in 1858 130 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. he entered upon the practice of law ; soon after taking that step he was elected Judge of the Municipal Court of Rockland; and he was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on the Dis trict of Columbia, Government Employes, and Unfinished Business. In 1865 he was appointed a member of the Board of Ex aminers of the Patent Office. Fessenden, T. A. D. — Was born in Portland, Maine, January 23, 1826 ; grad uated at Bowdoin College in 1845 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the Convention that nominated General Fremont for President; in 1858 was ap pointed aide-de-camp to the Governor of Maine; in 1860 was elected to the Maine Legislature; and in 1861 was chosen At torney for the County of Androscoggin, which position he held until 1862, when he was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-seventh Congiess for the un expired term of C. W. Walton, resigned, serving ou the Committee on Private Land Claims. Fessenden, William Pitt.— Born at Boscawen, New Hampshire, October 16, 1806; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1823 ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in Portland in 1827, where he has continued the practice to the present time ; was a member of the Maine Legislature in .1832, and re-elected in 1840 ; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1841 to 1843, declining further service ; was again in the State Legislature in 1845 and 1846, and re elected in 1853 and 1854 ; and was elected _ a Senator in Congress for six years, from March, 1853, serving as a member of the Committee on Finance ; and in 1859 was re-elected for the term of six years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Finance, on the Library Committee, and also as a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. He was also Chairman of the Special Joint Committee on Reconstruction. He was a member, in 1832, of the Convention which nominated Hemy Clay for President, and also of the Conventions that nominated Generals Taylor and Scott. During the summer of 1858 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Bowdoin College, ¦of which institution he is an overseer. He was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861 . In July, 1864, he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Secretary of the 'Treasury, in the place of S. P. Chase, re signed ; and soon afterward received from Harvard University the degree of LL.D. In 1864 he was re-elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1865 and ending in 1871. His seat in the Cabinet he resigned March, 4, 1865; and was again placed at the head of the Fi nance Committee. Few, William. — Born in Maryland June 8j 1748. When he was ten years of age he removed with his father to North Carolina, where he received a good educa tion. He was a Colonel in the Revolu tionary army, and distinguished himself in several-actions with the British andlndians. He settled in Georgia in 1776, and in 1778 was Surveyor General of the State, and Presiding Judge of the Richmond County Court ; in 1780 he was sent as Delegate to Congress, and remained in that body until the peace ; and was -again appointed in 1786; and in the next year he assisted in forming the National Constitution, which he duly signed ; after the adoption of which, he was elected a Senator in Congress, serv ing from 1789 to 1793; in 1796 he was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the State of Georgia, and subsequently served three years upon the Bench, as well as in the Legislature of that State. He resided during his latter years in the city of New York, of which lie was Mayor, and whence he went to the Legislature of that State, and where he also held the office of Commissioner of Loans. He died at Fishkill, New York, July 16, 1828. Ficklin, Orlando B— A native of Ken tucky, and bom in 1808 ; he received a plain English education ; studied law, and graduated at the Transylvania Law School, commencing to practice in 1830, in Mount Carmel, Illinois. In 1834 he was a mem ber of the Legislature, and was Attorney for the Wabash Circuit in 1835. In 1838 and in 1842 was again elected to the Leg islature; and in 1843 was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from Illinois, serv ing sixconsecutiveyears, and was re-elected in 1850. _ In 1853 he was Colonel of militia; since which time he has been engaged in the practice of his profession and in agri cultural pursuits. Field, Richard S.— He was born in New Jersey, and held a seat in the United States Senate, from that State, for a few months, in 1862-63, by appointment, in place of J. R. Thompson, deceased, when he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Judge of the District Court of the United States for New Jersey. Fillmore, Millard.— Born January 7, 1300, at Summer Hill, Cayuga County, in BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 131 the State of New York. At an early age he was sent to Livingston county, at that time a wild region, to learn the clothier's trade, and about four months later he was apprenticed to a wool carder, in the town in which his father lived. During the four years that he woiked at his trade he did what he could to supply the defects of his early education. At the age of nineteen he commenced the study of law, and devoted a portion of his time to teaching school. In 1821 he removed to Erie county, and pursued his legal studies in the city of Buffalo. Two years larer he was admitted to the Common Pleas, and commenced the practice of the law at Aurora, in the same county. In 1827 he was admitted as an Attorney, and in 1829 as a Counsellor in the Supreme Court, and in the following year he removed to Buffalo. His political life commenced with his election to the State Assembly, in which he took his seat in 1329. In 1832 he was elected to Con gress, and took his seat in the following year. In 1 835, at the close of his term in office, he resumed the practice of the law, but was re-elected to Congress in 1837. During this term he took a more promi nent part in the business of the House than during his former term, and was assigned a place on the Committee on Elections. He was successively re-elected to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty -seventh Con gresses. At the. close of the first session of the Twenty-seventh Congress he declined a re-election, returned to Buffalo, and again devoted himself to his profession. In 1847 he was elected to the office of Comptroller of the State. In 1848 he was nominated by the Whigs as their candidate for Vice- President, and elected to that office in the autumn of the same year. In March, 1849, he resigned his office of Comptroller, to assume the duties of his new position, where he remained until the death of Presi dent Taylor, in July, 1850, by which he was elevated to the Presidential chair. His term of office expired March 4, 1 853. Since his retirement from public life he has visited Europe. Pinch Isaac. — He was a native of New York ; a member of the Assembly of that State in 1822 and 1324 ; and a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. Finck, William E. — He was born in Ohio, in 1822; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar of that State when twenty- one years of age; in 1851 he was elected to the Senate of Ohio ; in 1 852 was a mem ber of the National Convention which nominated General Scott for the Presi dency: in 1861 he was again elected u State Senator, and in 1862 he was chosen a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and Roads and Canals. Findlay, James. — He was a native of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and a member of Congress, from Ohio, from 1825 to 1833. He died at Cincinnati, Ohio, December 21, 1835. Findlay, John. — He was a represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1827. He was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and was brother of James and William Findlay, who were also in Congress. Findlay, William. — He was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania; was Gov ernor of Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1820 ; and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1827. Findley, William. — He came in early life from Ireland. In the Revolution he en gaged with zeal in the cause of his adopted country, and at the close of the war he re moved to Pennsylvania. He was a mem ber of the Convention which framed the new Constitution of Pennsylvania, and a member of Congress, from that State, from 1791. to 1799, and from 1803 to 1817. In his politics he opposed the administration of Mr. Adams, and supported Mr. Jeffer son, He published a Review of the Fund ing System in 1794, and a History of the Insurrection of the Four Western Counties of Pennsylvania in 1796. He died at Unity Township, Greensburg, April 5, 1621, aged upwards of seventy. Pine, John. — Born in New York, August 26, 1784; graduated at Columbia College, New York, in 1809; studied law, and set tled iu St. Lawrence county, New York; was a Judge in that county for eighteen years ; was County Treasurer from 182 1 to 1833; and a Representative in Congress, from 1839 to 1 841 . He published a volume of law lectures. Fish, Hamilton. — He was born in New York City in 1809 ; graduated at Columbia College ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; in 1837 was elected to the State Legislature; was a Representative in 132 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Congress from 1843 to 1845; Governor of New York in 1849 ; and a Senator in Con gress, from 1851 to 1857. Of late years he has been travelling in Europe. Fisher, Charles. — Born in Rowan County, North Carolina, October 20, 1789. He received an academical education ?and studied law, but did not. practice to any extent. He commenced public life by going into the State Senate in 1818, and in 1819 was elected to Congress from North Carolina, where he served during his term. In 1821 he was elected again to the State Legislature, where he served almost con tinuously until 1836. He was a Delegate to the Convention to amend the State Con stitution in 1835; and from 1839 to 1841, was again a Representative in Congress. He died at Hillsborough, Scott County, Mississippi, May 7, 1849, while returning home from an extended tour in the South west. Fisher, David. — He was born in Som erset County, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1794; received an English education, chiefly in a log school-house; brought up to clearing land and farming in Ohio ; he has done something also as a lay preacher ; in 1842 he was elected to the Legislature of Ohio ; and he w-as a representative in Congress, from that State, from 16-17 to 1849. His chair in the House of Repre sentatives was next to that of the late John Quincy Adams, and when the great states man fainted, before his death, he fell into the arms of Mr. Fisher. He is the author of a theological work on the "Divinity of Christ." Fisher, George. — He was a Represent ative in Cougress, from New York, from 1829 to 183U, and a member of the New York Assembly, from Tioga County, in 1 835. Fisher, George P. — Born in Milford, Kent County, Delaware, October 13, 1817; graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsyl vania, in 1636, studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1641 ; in 1,840 he was clerk of the Delaware Senate; in 1843 and 1844 he was elected to the Delaware House of Representatives ; in 1 846 he became Secretary of State for Delaware; in 1849 he went into the State Department at Wash ington as the confidential clerk of Secretary Clayton; in 1850 he was appointed by President Taylor a Commissioner to settle claims against Brazil, which office expired in 1852; from 1655 to I860 he held the po sition of Attorney General for the State of Delaware ; and was elected a Represent ative from that State to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was subsequently appointed by President Lin coln a Judge of the Supreme Court for the District of Columbia. Fisk, James. — Born about the year 1762 ; received a limited education, but studied law, and from his superior natural talent rose to eminence in his profession; he was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1805 to 1809, and from 1811 to 1815, when lie was appointed one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Vermont. He was a Senator in Congress during the years 1817 and 1818, and re signed. In 1812 he was appointed by President Madison Judge of the Territory of Indiana, and in 1817 Collector of the Port of Alburg, which office he held eight years. He died December 1, 1844. Fisk Jonathan. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 18U9 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1815, when he was appointed United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York. Fitch, Asa. — He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1811 to 1813. Fitch, G. N.— Born in Le Roy, Genesee County, New York, in December, 1810. He received his education at Middlebury and Geneva, but did not graduate; he studied medicine, and was a Medical Pro fessor in the Rush Medical College at Chicago, Illinois, from 1844 to 1849. In 1844, 1848, and 1856, he was chosen a Presidential Elector, and in 1636 and 1839 was elected to the Legislature of Indiana. He was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1649 to 1853, and in 1857 was chosen a Senator of the United States for the term ending in 1861, serving as a member of the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and on Indian Affairs. Fitzgerald, Thomas H— He was a lawyer by profession ; served in the war of 1812, under General W. H. Harrison; and in 1648 and 1849, was a Senator in Con gress, from Michigan, under the appoint ment of the Governor. Died at Niles, Michigan, March 25, 1855. Fitzgerald, William.— He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1831 to BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 133 1833, and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Depart ment. He was also Judge of the Circuit Court of Tennessee. Fitzhugh, William. — He was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1779 to 1780; and was an emi nent citizen of the State. Fitzpatrick Benjamin. — He was born in Greene County, Georgia, June 30, 1802 ; having been left an orphan when' quite young, he emigrated with an elder brother, in 1815, to the valley of the Alabama * River, near Montgomery, where he has ever since resided. He received as good an education as new countries generally afford ; studied law, and was admitted to practice fn 1821 ; was shortly afterwards elected Solicitor of the Judicial District in which he lived ; was again elected to the same office in 1825, and held it until 1 829 ; after which his health compelled him to relinquish his profession, and settle upon a farm. He was a Presidential Elector in 1840; iu 1841 was elected Governor of Alabama; in 1843 was re-elected to the same position ; in 1852 he was appointed a Senator in Congress, to succeed Honorable W. R. King, which appointment was con firmed by -the Legislature of his State, and at the conclusion of that term he was elected, in 1855, to .the same position for the term ending in 1861 ; retired from the Senate in February, 1861, and took part iu the Rebellion of that year. For several sessions he served as President pro tern, of the Senate. Pitzsimmons, Thomas. — He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1782 to 1783; was a member of the Convention that formed the Constitution and signed that instrument; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1789 to 1795; and died in August, 1811, aged seventy years. Flagler, Thomas T. — He was born in New York, served in the Assembly of that State in 1 842 and 1 843, and was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1853 to 1857. Flanders, Benjamin F. — Born in Bris tol, New Hampshire, January 26, 1816; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1842; studied law and settled in New Orleans ; taught school in that city for a time, and became the editor of the Tropic newspaper ; served as a member of the city govern ment; was superintendent of a public school, and also of a railroad company; and towards the close of the year 1 862 he was elected, under a new order of things, a Representative, from Louisiana, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, taking his seat within a fortnight of its final adjourn ment. Flemming, William. — He was a Dele gate from Virginia to the Continental Con gress from 1779 to 1781. Fletcher, Isaac. — He was formerly a member of the Vermont Legislature, and :is member of Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. He died at Lyndon, Ver mont, October 19, 1842. Fletcher, Richard. — He was born in Cavendish, Vermont, January 8, 1788 graduated at Dartmouth College in 1806 served in the Legislature of Massachusetts was a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1848 to 1853; and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1837 to 1839. Fletcher, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1816 to 1817. Florence, Elias. — He was born in Vir ginia ; and having taken up his residence in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. Florence, Thomas B. — Born in Phila delphia, Pennsylvania, January 26, 1812. He had not the benefit of a college educa tion ; for a time he devoted himself to the occupation of a hatter; he published and edited, for several years, a Democratic newspaper ; was nine years Secretary of the Board of Controllers of Public Schools in Pennsylvania ; and was elected to Con gress in 1850, where he served continuously until 1859, acting as a member of the Committees on Naval Affairs and Invalid Pensions. He was also re-elected to the Thirty sixth Congress ; and while occupy ing his seat as a Representative, estab lished in Washington the National Demo- ocratic Review, and subsequently edited the Constitutional Union in Washington. Flournoy, Thomas S. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. He participated in the great Rebel lion, and was killed in battle in Virginia in June, 1864. Floyd, Charles A.— He was born in New York, served in the Assembly of that 134 BIOGRAPHIC AL RECORDS. State in 1836 and 1838, and was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1841 to 1843. Floyd, John- Born in Virginia, Octo ber 3, 1769. In consequence of the pecu niary losses of his father, he learned the trade of a carpenter, and in 1791 removed to Georgia, and acquired wealth from the manufacture of boats. He served in the State Legislature, and was a Representa tive of Georgia, in Congiess, from 1827 to 1629. He was Brigadier General of mi- ^litia, and subsequently Major General, and served during the war of 1812. He died in Camden County, Georgia, June 24, 1839. Floyd, John. — Was born in Jefferson County, Virginia, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 1829; served many years in the Legis lature of that State, and was Governor of Virginia from 1829 to 1834. He died at the Sweet Springs, in that State, August 16, 1837. Floyd, John G. — He was a native of New York, served in the Assembly of that State, and was a Representative in Con gress, from the same, from 1839 to 1843, and from 1851 to 1853. Floyd, William. — He was born in Suf folk County, New York, December 17, 1734; was a Delegate to. the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1783, and signed the Declaration of Independence; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1769 to 1791 ; a Presidential Elector in 1800, 1804, and 1820; and for three years a member of the New York State Senate ; in 1801 he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention. He died in Oneida County, New York, August 4, 1821. Foley, James B. — He was bom in Ken tucky, and having taken up his residence in Indiana, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, in 1857, and was a member of the Committees on Agriculture and Expenditures in the Post Office De partment. Folger, Walter. — He was born at Nan tucket, Massachusetts; wasamemberoftbe Massachusetts Senate from 1809tol815, and also in 1822 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1821. Folsom, Nathaniel. — He was a Dele gate from New Hampshire to the Conti nental Congress, in l774-'5-'7-'3-'9 and 1780. Foot, Solomon. — He was bom in Corn wall, Addison County, Vermont, November 19, 1802 ; graduated atMiddlebury College in 1826 ; was for one year the principal of Castleton Academy, and for a time a tutor in the University of Vermont, and Profes sor of Natural Philosophy in the Vermont Academy of Medicine ; studied law and came to the bar in 1831, settling in Rut land, where he always resided. He was a member of the Vermont Legislature in 1833, 1836, 1837, 1838, and 1847; was SpeaSter of the House during his last three terms ; was a member, in 1836, of the Con vention for altering the State Constitution; and was a State Attorney from 1836 to> 1842. He was a Representative in Con gress from 1843 to 1847; and was elected a Senator in Congress, from Vermont, for the term commencing in 1851 ^md end ing 1857, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs and the Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Committee on Pub lic Buildings and Grounds. He was re elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1863; also for a third term, ending in 1869, continuing at the head of his old Com mittee, and as a member of those on For eign Relations, Pensions, and Commerce. He was also a member of the National Com mittee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. . During a part of the Thirty-sixth, the whole of the Thirty-seventh, and a part of the Thirty- eighth Congresses, he was President pro tern, of the Senate. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention in 1864. Died in Washington, March 28, 1866, deeply lamented. Foote, Charles A— He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1323 to 1825. Died August I, 1828. Foote, Henry S.— He was bom in Fauquier County, Virginia, September 20, 1600, and was educated at Washington College, in that State; studied law, was admitted to the bar, and settled in Alabama in 1 824 ; in 1 626 he removed to Mississippi, and there continued the practice of his pro fession; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; was elected, in 1847, a Senator in Congress, where he remained until 1852, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations ; and he was elected Governor of Mississippi in 1852. He subsequently spent a few years in California. In 1859 he was a member of the Southern Convention held at Knoxville, Tennessee, and during his life fought three duels. He identified him self with the Great Rebellion, and was a BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 135 member of the Confederate Congress ; and after the return of peace he published ' ' The War of the Rebellion." Foote, Samuel A. — Bom in Cheshire, Connecticut, November 8, 1780 ; graduated at Yale College in 1797, and commenced the practice of law in his native town. He was chosen a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, in 1819, 1823, and 1833; was Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representative in 1 825 and 1 826 ; and Sen ator in Congress, from 1827 to 1833, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Pen sions. In 1834 he was elected Governor of the State, and in 1844 he was a Presi dential Elector. He died September 16, 1846. He it was who offered, on the floor of Congress, the famous resolutions, upon which was founded the great debate be tween Hayne and Webster. Forbes, James. — He was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780. Ford James. — He served two years in the Pennsylvania Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1829 to 1833. His life was honorably interwoven with the history of his State, and he died at Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania, August, 1859, aged seventy- six years. Ford, William D. — He was born in Providence, Rhode Island; served in the New York Assembly in 1816 and 1817; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Fornance, Joseph. — He was born in Pennsylvania, aud was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Forney, Daniel M.— Born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, May, 1 784. Dur ing the late war with England he served as Major in the State line, and was a Rep resentative in Ccngress, from North Caro lina, from 1815 to 1818, and in 1820 was appointed Commissioner to treat with the Creek Indians. From 1823 to 1826 he was a member of the State Legislature. In 1834 he removed to Lowndes County, Alabama, where he died in October, 1847. Forney, Peter. — Born in Lincoln Coun ty, North Carolina, April, 1756. He was a patriot and soldier of the Revolution. He served as a member of the State Legislature for several years, and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1813 to 1815. He served as an Elector during the Presidential campaigns of Jef ferson, Madison, Monroe, and Jackson. Died February 1, 1834. Forrest, Thomas. — He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821, and again fi om 1822 to 1823, for the unexpired term of William Milnor. Died March 20, 1825. He was elected to Congress by one vote. Forrest, Uriah. — He was a General in the Revolutionary war; was wounded at the battle of Germantown, from the effects of which he never recovered ; a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1787; was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, during the years 1793 and 1794, and resigned. Died at his country seat near Georgetown, District of Columbia, in 1805. Forrester, J. B. — He was born in Ten nessee, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837, and was a member of the Committee on Claims. Died August 31, 1845. Forsyth, John. — He was bom in Frede ricksburg, Virginia, October 2, 1780 ; grad uated at PrincetonCollegein 1799 ; removed with his fatherto Charleston, South Caro lina, and afterwards to Augusta, Georgia. He studied law, and from 1802 to 1808 dis tinguished himself at the Georgia bar ; and in 1808 was Attorney General of the State ; he was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1813 to 1818, and from 1823 to 1827 ; a Senator in Congress, during the years 1818 and 1819, and from 1829 to 1837, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce; Governor of Georgia in 1827, 1828, and 1829; Minister to Spain from 1619 to 1822 ; and was Secretary of State under President Jackson; in which posi tion he was continued by President Van Buren until the end of his administration. His superior abilities were universally ac knowledged, and the dignity and elegance of his manners added much to his popu larity. He died in Washington city, of bilious fever, October 21, 1841. Fort, Tomlinson. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1827 to 1829. Forward, Chauncey. — He was bom at Old Granby, Connecticut, and was the younger brother of Walter Forward. 136 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. About the year 1800 he removed to Ohio with his father ; was educated at Jefferson College; studied law and came to the bar in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. In 1817 he settled in Somerset, of that State ; was fre quently elected to the State Legislature, serving in both Houses; in 1825 he was elected a Representative in Congress for an unexpired term, and was twice re-elected, serving until 1831. He never quitted pol itics, nor ceased to practice his profession, but late in life took a special interest in matters connected with the Baptist Church, and became a very popular and successful preacher. He died at Somerset, October, 1839. Forward, Walter. — He was born in Connecticut in 1786, where he received a liberal education. He removed to Pitts burg in 1803, and studied law. In 1805 he became editor of the paper called the Tree of Liberty; from 1806 to 1822 he was engaged in the practice of law, and, as a pleader, had few equals. In 1822 he was elected to Congress, from Pennsylvania, as a Representative, where he continued till March, 1825. In 1837 he bore a prominent part in the Pennsylvania Convention to re form the State Constitution. In March, 1841, President Harrison named him First Comptroller of the Treasury, which post he held until he was appointed by President Tyler Secretaiy of the Treasury. On retiring from President Tyler's cabinet, he resumed and continued his practice at the bar, until appointed by President Taylor Charge! d'Af faires to Denmark, where he spent several years, resigning his situation to return home in order to accept the office of Presi dent Judge of the District Court of Alle ghany County, to which he had been called by popular election. While in court, em ployed in his judicial duties, he was sud denly taken ill, and died in forty-eight hours, at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, Novem ber 24, 1852. Fosdick, Nicoll. — Born in New Lon don, Connecticut, November 9, 1785, of direct Puritan stock ; in 1809 removed to Herkimer County, New York ; was a Presidential Elector in 1816; a member of the Legislature of New York in 1618, again in 18)9, and declined a re-election; was a Representative, from New York, in the Nineteenth Congress ; returned to his native place in 1843, and from 1849 to 1853 was Collector of Customs for the Dis trict of New London. Foster, Abiel. — Bom in Andover, Mas sachusetts, August 8, 1735; graduated at Harvard University in 1756 ; studied theol ogy, and was a pastor for eighteen years over the Congregational Church in Canter bury, New Hampshire ; and in 1780 was a Representative to the General Court ; was a Delegate, from New Hampshire, to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1785; and was present at Washington's resigna tion of the command of the army at An napolis ; he was a Representative in Con gress, jfrom New Hampshire, from 1789 to 1791, "and was again a Representative in the Legislature, and a Delegate to revise the State Constitution ; was a member of the State Senate from 1793 to 1794, and in both years was President of that body ; and was re-elected to Congress from 1795 to 1 803. He died at Canterbury February 6, 1806. Foster, A. Lawrence. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Foster, Dwight. — He was born in Mas sachusetts in 1757, and died at Brookfield, in that State, in April, 1823. He graduated at Brown University in 1774; studied and practiced law ; was County Sheriff and Judge of the Common Pleas ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1793 to 1799 ; and a Senator in Congress, from 1800 to 1803, when he resigned. Foster, Ephraim H. — He entered pub lic life when quite young, and in 1829 was Speaker of the House of Representatives of Tennessee. In 1837 he was elected to the United States Senate, but in 1839 re signed his seat because he could not obey the instructions of the State Legislature ; and in 1843 he was re-elected for two years. On his return from Washington he was a candidate for Governor, but failed of an election. He died at Nashville, Sep tember 4, 1854. Foster, Henry A. — He was born in New York ; served in the Senate of that State from 1831 to 1834, and from 1841 to 1844 ; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1637 to 1839; and was a Senator in Congress during the years 1844 and 1845, by appointment of the Governor. Foster, Henry D.— He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 137 Poster, Lafayette S. — He was born in Franklin, New London County, Connecti cut, November 22, 1806, and is a direct descendant of Miles Standish. He grad uated at Brown University in 1828 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 183 1 ; was a member of the General Assembly of Con necticut in 1839 and 1840, in 1846, 1847, aud 1848, and 1854; was Speaker of the House in 1847, 1848,-and 1854; Mayor of the city of Norwich for two years, in 1850 and 1851 ; received the degree of LL.D. from Brown University in 1850 ; and was chosen a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1855 and ending in 1861, serving as a member of the Committees on Public Lands, Pensions, and the Judi ciary. He was re-elected in I860 for the term ending in 1867, and during the Thir ty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses he was Chairman of the Committee on Pensions, and a member of the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, Private Land Claims, Indian Affairs, and Foreign Rela tions ; and at the extra session of the Senate, in 1865, he was chosen President pro tern, of that body; the death of Abra ham Lincoln and the elevation of Andrew Johnson to the Presidency making him acting Vice-President of the United States. During the subsequent recess, as1 a mem ber of a Special Committee of the Senate, he visited some of the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi. Foster, Nathaniel G. — Born at " The Fork," in Greene County, Georgia, August 25, 1809 ; graduated at Franklin College in 1839 ; read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1831, and settled in Madison, Georgia, where he obtained a high reputa tion as an advocate and jury lawyer. He served three years as Solicitor General of Ocmulgee Circuit, five years in the State Senate, and one year in the House ; and was a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Congress. Poster, Stephen C. — Born in Machias, Maine, December 24, 1799 ; commenced life as a blacksmith, but for the last twen ty-five years has been a lumber merchant and ship-builder ; was in the Maine Legis lature from 1834 to 1837, again in 1840, when he was President of the Senate, and again in 1847 ; was elected to Congress, from Maine, in 1856f serving through the Thirty-fifth Congress as a member of the Committee on Manufactures. He is now President of the Washington Agricultural Society of his native State. He was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861. Foster, Theodore. — He was born in Massachusetts, and was a Senator in Con gress, from Rhode Island, from 1790 to 1803, and died in 1828. Foster, Thomas F. — Born in Greens- borough, Georgia, November 23, 1790. He graduated at Franklin College in 1812; read law at home, and at Litchfield, Con necticut, and was admitted to the bar in 1816. He was for many years a member of the Georgia Legislature ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1829 to 1835, and again from 1841 to 1843. He died in 1847. Fouke, Philip B. — Born in Kaskaskia, Illinois, January 23, 1818; was chiefly self-educated; was first a clerk and then a civil engineer : in 1841 he established a paper called the "Belleville Advocate," which he printed and edited for four years ; he then studied law, and after being ad mitted to practice, he was elected in 1846 Prosecuting Attorney for his District, and re-elected ; in 1851 he was elected a mem ber of the Illinois Legislature ; in 1856 he was again elected Prosecuting Attorney ; and in 1858 was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Ex penditures. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, but served as a Colonel of Volunteers in 1861, resigning his com mission in 1862. Powler, John. — He was a soldier in the war of the Revolution ; attained the rank of Captain ; and was a member of Congress, from Kentucky, from 1797 to 1807. He died at Lexington, Kentucky, August 22, 1840, aged eighty-five years. Powler, J.'S. — After the close of the Rebellion in 1865 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Tennessee, for the term ending in 1871, but was not admitted to his seat until near the end of the first session of the Thirty-ninth Congress. (A proper notice of him is necessariiy postponed until the next edition of this work. ) -He was born in Con- graduated at Yale Col- Fowler, Orin. necticut in 1795 ; lege in 1815 ; studied divinity, but turned his attention to politics ; was elected to the Senate of Massachusetts in 1848 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to the time of his death, which occurred in 138 BIOGRAPHIC AL RECORDS. Washington City, September 3, 1852. He was at one time settled over a church in Plainfield, Connecticut. Fowler, Samuel — Born in New Jersey in 1779; was a distinguished member of the medical profession ; and a Representa tive in Congress, from New 'Jersey, from 1833 to 1837. Died in Sussex County, New Jersey, February 21, 1844. Franchot, Richard. — Was bom in Morris, Otsego County, New York, in 1816; received an English education; served as a civil engineer for seven years ; subsequently turned his attention to farm ing ; was President of the Albany and Susquehanna Railroad Company ; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Colum bia and the Pacific Railroad. Francis, John B. — He was born in Rhode Island, and was a Senator in Con gress, from that State, from 1844 to 1845, having been Governor of Rhode Island, from 1833 to 1838. Died in Providence, Rhode Island, August 9, 1864. Frank, Augustus. — He was born in Warsaw, Wyoming County, New York, July 17, 1826; early became engaged in mercantile pursuits, to which he was de voted for many years. In 1653 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Patents ; re elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Library and on Mileage ; and for a third term was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, when he was made Chairman of the Com mittee on the Library, serving also on the Committee on Mileage, and the Select Committee on the Bankrupt Law. Franklin, Benjamin.— Born in Boston. January 17, 1706 ; after various vicissi tudes, when seventeen years of age he went to Philadelphia, and acquired the trade of a printer ; with the help of Governor Sir William Keith he visited England, where he remained nearly two years ; on his return he became a Clerk, and then engaged in business on his own account ; in 1732 he commenced the publication of " Poor Richard's Almanac," which he con tinued until 1737 ; after that he established a newspaper, and held the various offices of State Printer, Clerk of the General Assembly, and Postmaster of Philadelphia. He was the father and patron of the Philo sophical Society, and of the Pennsylvania University and Hospital ; in 1741 he pub lished the "General Magazine;" and in 1744 he was ejected to the Provincial As-* sembly, holding the office ten years. In 1758 he concluded a treaty with the In dians at Carlisle, and in the following year was sent to Albany, N. Y , to meet a congress of commissioners to arrange means of defence against the French and Indians. He subsequently became Postmaster Gen eral of America; was sent to England as an advocate and agent for the province on two occasions, remaining there eleven years ; on the breaking out of the Revolu tion he returned to America, and took an active and important part in public affairs ; was a signer of the Declaration of Inde pendence ; a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1775 and 1776; in 17/8 he was sent to France in a diplomatic capacity, where he remained until 1785 ; he was next elected Governor of Pennsylvania, and was a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument; and he died April 17, 1790. The qualities of his mind were remarkably various, but he perhaps stood pre-eminent as a philosopher and benefactor of man kind. He made important discoveries in electricity ; wrote and published much on a variety of themes, and his Life, Writings, and Correspondence, issued in twelve volumes, are an important feature in all the best libraries of the country. Franklin, Jesse. — He was born in Surry County, North Carolina ; served with credit in the Revolutionary war, as a Major ; was a member of the House of Delegates of that State in 1794 ; represented that State in Congress, from 1795 to 1797, aud then returned to the Legislature. From 1799 to 181.15, and from 1807 to 1813, he was Uuited States Senator, officiating in the Eighth Congress as President pro tern,, of the Senate. In 1816 he was appointed, by President Madison, a Commissioner to treat with the Chickasaws, and was elected Governor of North Carolina in 1820. He died iu Surry County, in 1823, aged sixty- five years. Franklin, John A. — He was born in Worcester County, Maryland, May 6, 1820; graduated at Jefferson College, Pennsyl vania, in 1836 ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1841 ; served in the State Legislature of 'Maryland in 1843, and also in 1849, when he was elected Speaker ; in 1851 he was chosen President of the Board of Public Works of the State; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1853 to 1855. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 139 Franklin, Meshack. — A Representa tive in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1807 to 1815. He served ki the House of Commons of that State in 1800, and in the State Senate in 1828 and 1829. He was also a member of the Executive Council of North Carolina, and a delegate to the Con vention for revising the State Constitution. He died in Surry County, December 18, 1839. Freedley, John. — He was bom (accord ing to an interesting work published by E. T. Freedley, esq.) in Norristown, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, May 22, 1793. He commenced life as a brick- maker; studied law, and was admitted to the bar iu 1820 ; he entered extensively into various kinds of business, especially that of quarrying marble, and was suc cessful ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvauia, from 1847 to 1851. He died December 8, 1851. Freeman, John D. — He was born in New Jersey, and, having removed to Mis sissippi, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Freeman, Jonathan. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1797 to 1801. From 1789 to 1797 he was a State Councillor ; from 1793 to 1808 one of the Overseers of Dartmouth College ; and died in 1808, aged sixty-three years. Freeman, Nathaniel. — He was born at Dennis, Massachusetts, in April, 1741, and died September 27, 1820. He grad uated at Harvard University ; studied medicine ; and was a patriot in the Revolu tionary war ; performed various services in the Legislature and as a Brigadier General of Militia ; he was also a Judge of Pro bate for forty-seven years, and a Judge of the Common Pleas for thirty years ; he was twice married, and had twenty children; and was a member of Congress, from Mas sachusetts, from 1795 to 1799. Frelinghuysen, Frederick. — Born in New Jersey, April 13, 1753 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1770. When twenty-two years of age he was sent to the Continental Congress ; and as Captain of a Volunteer Corps of Artillery, he was at the battles of Trenton and Monmouth, and it is said that it was he who .killed Rhalle, the Hessian commander at Trenton. He was a Senator in Congress, from 1793 to 1796, when he resigned on account of domestic bereavements. He stood among the first at the bar of New Jersey, and held various State and County offices. He died April 13, 1804. Frelinghuysen, Theodore. — He was bom in Millstown, Somerset County, New Jersey, March 28, 1787; graduated at Princeton College, Nassau Hall, in 1804; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1808; was Attorney General of New Jersey, from 1818 to 1829; a Presidential Elector in 1829 ; and a Senator in Con gress, from New Jersey, from 1829 to 1835. Mr. Frelinghuysen was Chancellor *bf the University of New York, from 1839 to 1850, and while iu that position was the candidate of the Whig party for Vice-Pres ident upon the ticket with Henry Clay. In 1850 he was elected President of Rutgers College, where he officiated until his death, devoting much of his time and means to the benevolent and educational interests of his native State and of the Union. He re sided for some years at Newark, New Jersey, and was Mayor of that city in 1837 and 1838. He also served as Pres ident of the American Temperance Union, of the American Tract Society, the Board of Foreign Missions, and of the American Bible Society. In the church, he was for many years recognized as the great leader in all the moral movements of the country, and was universally beloved. Died at New Brunswick, New Jersey, April 12, 1862. Fremont, John Charles.— Bom in Savannah, Georgia, January 21, 1813. His father was an emigrant from France. He received a good education, though left an orphan at four years of age ; and at the age of seventeen he graduated at Charles ton College. From teaching mathematics he turned his attention to civil engineering, and was recommended to the Government for employment in the Mississippi survey. He was afterwards employed at Washing ton in constructing maps of that region. Having received the commission of a Lieu tenant of Engineers, he proposed to the Secretary of War to penetrate the Rocky Mountains. His plan was approved, and in 1842, with a few men, he explored the South Pass. Impatient of quiet, he planned a new expedition to the Territory of Oregon. He approached the Rocky Mountains by a new line, scaled the summits south of the South Pass, deflected to the Great Salt Lake, and connected his survey with that of Wilkes's Exploring , Expedition. He also performed another expedition, in which he revealed the grand features of 140 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Alta California, its great basin, the Sierra Nevada, the valleys of the San Joaquin and Sacramento, and established the geog raphy of the western portion of the conti nent. In August, 1844, he was planning a third expedition, while writing the his tory of the second, and before its publica tion, in 1845, was again on his way to the Pacific, collecting his mountain comrades, to examine in detail the Asiatic slope of the continent, which resulted in giving a new volume of science to the world, and California to the United States. After the conquest of California, in which he bore a part, he was the victim of a quarrel be tween two American commanders, and stripped of his commission by court-martial. The President reinstated him, but he de clined returning. He determined to re trieve his honor. One line more would complete his survey, the route for a great road from the Mississippi to San Francisco. Again he appeared in the far west. He refitted his expedition, and started again ; pierced the country of the Apaches ; met, awed, or defeated savage tribes ; and in a hundred days from Santa Fe stood on the banks of the Sacramento. The people of California reversed the judgment of the court-martial, and he w-as made the first Senator of the Golden State, in 1849 and 1851. He was subsequently a candidate for President, in opposition to Mr. Buch anan, and though he received a large vote, was defeated. In 1861 he served in the Union army as a Major General ; and by the Cleveland Convention of 1864 was again nominated for the office of President of the United States. French, Ezra B.— He was a Represent ative, from Maine, in the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Manufactuies. He was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861. By President Lincoln he was appointed Second Auditor of the Treasury. French, Richard— He was a native of Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837, from 1843 to 1645, and again from 1847 to 1849. Frey, Joseph. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 1831. Frick, Henry.— Born in Northumber land County, Pennsylvania, in 1795; was educated as a printer ; became an editor of a newspaper at Milton ; served for three sessions in the State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, at th§ time of his death, which occurred at Washington City, March 1, 1844. Pries, George.- — He was born in Penn sylvania: and having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term ending in 1849. Frqnientin, Eligius. — A Senator of the United States, from Louisiana, from 1813 to 1819. In 1821 he was Judge of the Criminal Court of New Orleans, and was appointed Judge of the Western District of Florida. He shortly resigned his office and returned to the practice of law, at New Orleans, where he died, of the yellow fever, October 6, 1822. Frost, George. — He was a Delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779. Frost, Joel. — He was born in New York; served in the State Assembly in 1806 and 1808, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825. Fry, Jr., Jacob. — He was a native of Pennsylvania, and was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. Fuller, George. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Fuller, Henry M. — He was born in Bethany, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, January 3, 1820 ; graduated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, in 1839 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842; in 1848 was elected to the Legislature of Pennsyl vania ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853, and from 1855 to 1857. Died in Philadel phia December 26, 1860. Fuller, Philo C. — He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1830 ; a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1837; the Second Postmaster Gen eral, from 1841 to 1843 ; Comptroller of New York in 1851; and died at Geneva August 16, 1855. • Fuller, Thomas J. D.— He was bom in Hardwick, Caledonia County, Vermont, March 17, 1808; was left an orphan when seven years of age ; spent his boyhood and BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 141 youth upon a farm ; ou attaining manhood, studied and adopted the profession of law, having been admitted to ¦ the bar in 1833; and, removing to Maine, was elected State's Attorney for his county for three years ; was elected a Representative, from Maine, to the Thirty-first, Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and Thirty -fourth Congresses, serving as an active member of the Com mittee on Commerce. In 1857 he was ap pointed, by President Buchanan, Second Auditor of the Treasury, which office he held until 1861. Fuller, Timothy. — He was born at Chilmark, Martha's Vineyard, Massachu setts, July 11, 1778, and graduated at Har vard University in 1801 ; was amember of the Massachusetts Senate from 1813 to 1817; Speaker of the Lower House in 1825 ; again a State Representative in 1831 ; a State Councillor in 1831 ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1817 to 1825 ; and died at Groton, Massachusetts, October 1, 1835, aged fifty-seven years. Fuller, William K. — He was a mem ber of the Assembly of New York in 1 829 and 1830 ; . at one time Adjutant General of the State Militia ; and from 1833 to 1837 a Representative in Congress. Fullerton, David. — Bom in 1771 ; was for several years a member of the State Legislature of Pennsylvania; and repre sented that State in Congress, from 1819 to 1820, when he resigned. He died at Green- castle, Pennsylvania, February 1, 1843. Fullton, Andrew S. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1S49. Fulton, John H. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1833 to 1835, and died at Abingdon, Jan uary 28, 1836. Fulton, William S. — He was born in Cecil County, Maryland, June 2, 1795 ; graduated at Baltimore College in 1813, and commenced the study of law with William Pinckney; but before coming of age, he served with great credit in a volun teer company, which was assigned to the defence of Fort McHenry. He was aid to Colonel Armistead, taking charge of the company during the illness of that com mander, and returned with them to the city of Baltimore. After peace was restored in 1815, he removed to Tennessee with his father's family, and resumed the study of law with Felix Grundy. In 1818 he volun teered with the Nashville Guards, and was private secretary to General Jackson during the Florida campaign. He settled in Ala bama for the practice of law, and was ap pointed by President Jackson, in 1829, Secretary of the Territory of Arkansas, and, in 1835, Governor of the same, which office he held until the Territory was admitted into the Union as a State, when he was elected a Senator, from Arkansas, from 1836 to 1844. He died at Rosewood, near Little Rock, Arkansas, August 15, 1844. Gadsden, Christopher. — He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1724 ; and was a Delegate from that State to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776 ; h aving previously been elected to the New York Congress of 1765, to petition against the Stamp Act. During the siege of Charleston in 1780, he was taken prisoner and confined for some months at St. Au gustine. A parole was offered him, but he declined to accept it ; and on his release by exchange, he was elected Governor of the State, but declined to serve on account of his age. He died August 28, 1805. His grandson, bearing the same name, was the third Episcopal Bishop of South Carolina. Gage, Joshua. — He was a Representa tive in Congiess, from Massachusetts, from 1817 to 1819, having been a member of the Legislature from 1805 to 1808, in 1813. 1814, 1820, and 1821; and was a State Councillor in 1822 and 1823. Gaillard, John. — A Senator of the United States, from South Carolina, from 1804 to 1826. He voted for the war of 1812, and was repeatedly called to preside over the Senate, in the absence of the Vice- President. He died at Washington, Feb ruary 26, 1826. Gainer, John P. — He was born in Kentucky ; was a representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849 ; and was subsequently appointed Governor of Oregon Territory. Gaither, Nathan. — He was born in Kentucky ; was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1829 to 1833. He died at Columbia, Adair County, Ken tucky, in 1862, aged seventy-seven years. Galbraith, John. — He wasborn in Penn sylvania ; was bred a lawyer ; served sev eral terms in the Legislature of Pennsyl vania ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837, 142 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. and again from 1839 to 1841. Died at Erie, June 15, 1860, while holding the office of United States President Judge for the Sixth District of Pennsylvania. Gale, George. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maryland, from 1789 to 1791. Gale, Levin. — He was bom in Mary land, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1827 to 1829. Gallatin, Albert. — Born at Geneva, January 29, 1761 ; graduated at the Uni versity of his native city, in 1779, and during thenext year emigrated to America. He commenced his career in Maine, then a part of Massachusetts, having been placed in command of a small fort at Machias, and while there he furnished funds of his own to American troops, and acted as a volunteer also. He was appointed a tutor at Harvard University in 1782, and re moved to Pennsylvania in 1783, where he acted a prominent part in the State Con vention of 1789, and served in the lower branch of the Legislature in 1790 and 1 791. He also spent several years in Virginia, and in that State took the oath of allegi ance. In 1793 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, but bin seat was vacated, in 179-1, by a resolution of the Senate, on the ground of want of citizen ship for a sufficient length of time ; and soon after, without his knowledge, he was elected a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvauia, serving from 1795 to 1801. He was, in the latter year, appointed Sec retary of the Treasury, uuder President Jefferson, and, as an executive councillor, and subsequently diplomatist and states man, he obtained a very high reputation. In 1613 he went to St. Petersburg as one of the Envoys Extraordinary, to negotiate with Great Britain, under the mediation of Russia, and during the following year, with Adams, Bayard, Clay, and Russell, signed the treaty of Ghent. He assisted also in concluding the Commercial Convention with England, at London, in 1815, and re sided at Paris, as Minister of the United States, from 1816 to 1823. In 1627 he ob tained full indemnification from England, for injuries sustained by our citizens for violating the Treaty of Ghent. President Madison offered him a seat in his Cabinet, as Secretary of State ; Pre*ideut Monroe offered him the post of Secretary of the Navy ; and he was also nominated for Vice- President; all which honors he declined. In 1826 he became a citizen of New York, and took an active part in promoting the literary and commercial interests of the Empire City, and of the Union at large. In 1831 he was a member of the Free Trade Convention, and drew up the memorial to Congress, which embodies the views of the Democratic party ; he was President of the National Bank of New York, and also of the New York Historical Society, and the Ethnological Society, and advocated the establishment of the Nevt York University ; and, just before his death, became identi fied with the Smithsonian Institution. He was a fine scholar, and published many papers on the currency and finance, on Indian languages, and other important subjects. He died at Astoria, Long Island, August 12, 1849. Gallegos, Jose Manuel. — He'wasborn in New Mexico, and was a Delegate, from that Territory, to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses. Galloway, Joseph. — He was bom in 1730 ; was a member of the Assembly of Pennsylvania in 1764, officiating as Speaker ; was a Delegate to the Continen tal Congress in 1774 and 1775, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, but subsequently deserted the American cause and joined the British in New York. In 1779 he was examined before the House of Commons, and his testimony was not creditable to the British commander in America. Died in England in 1803. He was the author of a number of political pamphlets bearing upon the conduct and the consequences of the war, which were published in London and attracted much attention. Galloway, Samuel. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Gallup, Albert. — He was at one time Sheriff of Albany County, New York; a Representative in Congress, from New Yoik, from 1837 to 1641, and was appointed by President Polk Collector of Providence, Rhode Island. He died at Providence in November, 1651. Gamble, James. — He was born in Pennsylvauia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Gamble, Roger L. — Was a member of the House of Representatives in Congress, from Georgia, from 1833 to 1835, and from 1841 to 1643; and afterwards Judge of the BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 143 Superior Court of that State. He died December 20, 1847. Gansevoort, Leonard. — He was a Delegate from New York to the Continen tal Congress in 1787 and 1788. Ganson, John. — He was born in Le Roy, Genesee County, New York, January 1, 1818; graduated at Harvard College in 1839; adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1862 ; and was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee of Elections. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Gardenier, Barent. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1807 to 1811. Gardner, Barzilla. — He graduated at Harvard University in 1785; served four years in the State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1809 to 1811. Gardner, Francis. — He was born in Leominster, Massachusetts, December 27, 1771 ; graduated at Harvard College ; was a preacher of the Gospel in New Hamp shire for half a century; a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1807 to 1809; and died at Roxbury, Massachu setts, June 25, 1835. Gardner, Gideon.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1809 to 1811. Gardner, Joseph. — He was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Con- i in 1784 and 1785. Garfield, James A. — He was bom in Orange, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Novem ber 19, 1831 ; graduated at Williams Col lege, Massachusetts, in 1856, and adopted the profession of law ; in 1859 and i860 he was a member of the Ohio Senate ; in 1861 he entered the army as Colonel of the Forty-second Regiment of Volunteers ; was appointed a Brigadier General in 1862, the day that he fought in the, battle of Middle Creek, Kentucky. He subsequently served at Shiloh, Corinth, and in Alabama, aud early in 1863 he was appointed chief of staff to General Rosecrans, with whom he served up to the battle of Chickamauga. In 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. Before taking his seat in Congress he was appointed a Major Gene ral of volunteers "for gallant aud merito rious services in the battle of Chickamauga, Georgia, from September 19, 1863." Re elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committee of Ways and Means, that on the Postal Railroad to New York, and as Chairman of that on a Bureau of Education; and also as a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. Garland, David S. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1809 to 1811. Died in October, 1841. Garland, James. — He was a native of Virginia, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Garland, Rice. — He was born in Vir ginia, and, having taken up his residence in Louisiana, was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1834 to 1840, having resigned to become Judge of the Superior Court of Louisiana. Garnett, James M. — Bom at Elm- wood, in Essex County, Virginia, June 8, 1770. He served for several years as a member of the Legislature of his native State, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Virginia, from 1805 to 1809. He was a member of the Convention as sembled at Richmond in 1829 to revise the Constitution of Virginia. He was inter ested in the cause of education, and de voted to the pursuits of agriculture, having presided over the Agricultural Society of Fredericksburg for more than twenty years, and toiled laboriously for the forma tion of a National Agricultural Society. He died at Elmwood, May, 1843, aged sixty-two years. Garnett, Muscoe R. H— He was bom in Essex County, Virginia ; was educated at the University of Virginia, and studied law as a profession ; he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the State in 1850; a member of the House of Dele gates in 1853 and 1854, 1855 and 1856, and during the latter session was Chairman of the Committee on Finance. He was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress as a Representative, from Virginia, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims, and also elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress. He was a Delegate to the Demo cratic Conventions at Baltimore and Cin cinnati, in 1852 and 1856. Garnett, Robert S. — He was a native of Essex County, Virginia, and a Repre 144 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1827. Garnsez, Daniel G. — He was born in Saratoga County, New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1830. Garrison, Daniel. — He was born in Salem County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1823 to 1827. Garrow, Nathaniel.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829. Gartlin, Alfred. — He was bom in North Carolina ; graduated at the University of that State ; and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1823 to 1825. Gartrell, Lucius J. — Born in Wilkes County, Georgia, January 7, 1821; edu cated at Randolph Macon College', Vir ginia, and Franklin College, Athens, Georgia; adopted the profession of law; and in 1643 was elected, by the General Assembly of Georgia, Solicitor General of the Northern Judicial Circuit. He re signed in 16-17, on being elected a Repie- sentative to the Legislature, and was re elected in 1649 ; was a Presidential Elector for the State of Georgia in 1856; and in 1857 was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from Georgia. He was one of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, and a member of the Commit tee on Expenditures in the Treasury De partment; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee of Elections. Withdrew in 1861 , and retired to Georgia. Garvin, William S.— He was a Repre sentative in Congiess, from Pennsylvania, from 1845 to 1847. Gaston, William.— Born in Newbem, North Carolina, September 19, 1778. His early education was conducted by his mother; advanced at the Catholic College of Georgetown, District of Columbia; and he graduated at Princeton College in 1796. He studied law, and was admitted to prac tice in 1798. He served a number of years in the State Legislature, one term as Speaker; aud was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1813 to 1817. In 1834 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court, and in 1835 was a member of the State Convention to amend the Constitution. He continued on the Bench until the time of his death, which occurred January 23, 1844. He was an able and successful lawyer, and an upright judge, had a taste for polite literature, and is remembered in North Carolina as one of its most distinguished citizens. He was a Presidential Elector in 1808, and later in life received from Princeton the degree of Doctor of Laws, and the same honor from four other institutions of learning. Gates, Seth Merrill — He was bom in Winfield, perkimer County, New York, October 16, 1800; was self-educated ; stu died law, and commenced practice in 1827; was elected to the State Legislature in 1832, declining a re-election; in 1838 he purchased and became editor of the Le Roy Gazette ; was elected a Representative from New York to the Twenty-sixth Con gress, and was elected to the Twenty- seventh Congress. In his paper and in Congress he advocated the right of petition, aud on account of his hostility to slavery a reward of five hundred dollars was offered by a Southern planter for his person. At the close of the Twenty-seventh Congress he drew up a protest against the annexa tion of Texas, which was signed by twenty- two Representatives, John Quincy Adams heading the list of names. In 1848 he was the Free-soil candidate for Lieutenant Gov ernor of New York ; and he has been a resident of the "Old Genesee" District for fifty-eight years. Gayarre, Charles E. A. — Born in Lou isiana, January 3, 1805 ; educated at the College of New Orleans; in 1826 he went to Philadelphia and studied law ; was ad mitted to the bar in 1829, and returned home ; in 1830 he was elected to the Legis lature; in 1631 was appointed Deputy At torney General ; in 1833 Presiding Judge of the City Court of New Orleans ; and in 1635 he was elected a Senator in Congress, but ill health prevented him from taking his seat. He went to Europe, where he spent a number of years, and on his re turn, in 1843, was again returned to the State Legislature ; and in 1846 he was ap pointed Secretary of State, in which capa city he served seven years. As an author he has acquired a high position, his leading works being as follows: "History of Louisiana," " Romance of the History of Louisiana," " Spanish Domination iu Lou- it-iaua," a dramatic novel called "The School of Politics," and a work on "The Influence of the Mechanic Arts." BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 145 Gayle, John. — Bom in Sumter District, South Carolina, September 11, 1792; edu cated at South Carolina College ; and emi grated to Alabama in 1813. In 1817 he was appointed a member of the Territorial Legislature ; was Solicitor of the First Judicial District on the organization of the State Government; and in 1823 was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. In 1829 was elected to the State Legislature, and was Speaker of the House. In 1831 was elected Governor, and re elected in 1833. He was Presidential Elector in 1836 and in 1840, and in 1847 was elected, from Mobile County, a Repre sentative in Congress. In 18W he was appointed Judge of the United States Dis trict Court of Alabama, and died near Mobile, July 21, 1859. Gaylord, James M. — He was bom in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Gazley, James W. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1825. Gebhard, John. — He was born in Claverack, New York, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1823. Geddes, James. — Bom near Carlisle, Pennsylvania, July 22, 1763 ; obtained a limited education while working upon a farm ; removing to New York, he organ ized, in 1794, a company for the manufac ture of salt at Onondaga; in 1800 was elected a magistrate; iu 1804 and in 1821 he was in the State Legislature ; in 1809 an Associate County Justice; in 1812 Judge of the Common Pleas ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. In 1822 he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Ohio Canal; and in 1827 assisted in locating the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, as well as the Pennsylvania Canal. He died August 19, 1838. Gentry, Meredith P. — He was bom in North Carolina ; studied law, and settled in the practice of his profession in Ten nessee ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843, from 1845 to 1847, and from 1847 to 1853. German, Obadiah. — He was a Senator in Congress, from New York, from 1809 to 1815, and died September 24, 1842. 10 Gerry, Elbridge. — Born at Marble head, Massachusetts, July, 1744, and grad uated at Harvard College in 1762. He devoted himself for several years to com mercial pursuits ; was a member of the Legislature in 1773, and was appointed on the Committee of Correspondence. From 1776 to 1785 he was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress, and signed the Declara tion of Independence ; also the Articles of Confederation. While in Congress he was a member of the Committee of Public Safety and Supplies, and when the Com mittee were in session at Menotomy he, with Colonel Orne, escaped from the Brit ish troops at night by fleeing to a corn-field, while the house was searched for them. He was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, but declined subscribing to it. Was a Presidential Elector in 1793. He was a Representative in the Federal Congress from 1789 to 1793, and in 1797 he was ap pointed Minister to France. In 1804 he was one of the Presidential Electors, and was Governor of Massachusetts in 1810 and 1811. In 1813 he was inaugurated Vice-President of the United States, and filled the office until his death, which took place at Washington, November 23, 1814. Gerry, Elbridge. — Bom in Waterford, Oxford County, Maine, December 6, 1815; received a good academical education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839; in 1840 was Clerk of the House of Representatives of Maine; in 1842 was appointed State's Attorney for Oxford County, and re-elected by the people during the following year ; in 1846 he was elected to the State Legislature; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1849 to 1851. Of late years he has resided in Portland, engaged in the practice of his profession. Gerry, James. — He was born in Mary land, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1839 to 1843. Gervais, John L. — He was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1783. Geyer, Henry S. — He was born in Frederick County, Maryland, in 1798, and early in life removed to Missouri. He saw some service in the war of 1812, and was Captain of the first militia company formed in the State of his adoption. He adopted the profession of law, and became eminent as a practitioner. He took an active par 146 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. in politics, and was a member of the Con vention which formed a State Constitution, and he was an active member of the first two sessions of the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker during his second term. He succeeded Mr. Benton in the United States Senate, where he served from 1851 to 1857; and while in Washington officiated as Attorney in the Dred Scott case. He was a man of ability, of pleasing manners, and of high character. He died at St. Louis, March 5, 1859. Gholson, James H. — He was horn in Virginia ; graduated at Princeton College in 1820 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Virginia, from 1833 to 1835; and died at Brunswick, Virginia, July 2, 1848, aged fifty years. Gholson, S. J. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1837 to 1838. Gholson, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1808 to 1816. Gibbons, William — He was a Dele gate from Georgia to the Continental Con gress from 1784 to 1786. Giddings, Joshua R. — Born at Athens, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, October 6, 1795 ; was a lawyer by profession ; practiced in Ohio ; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1826; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1838 to 1859. He was for many years recognized as one of the leaders of the Anti-slavery party, and was the author of a book on Florida, and also of a History of the Great Rebellion. In 1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln Consul General of British North America; and died at Montreal, suddenly, May 27, 1864. Gilbert, Edward. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from California, from 1850 to 1851. Gilbert, Ezekiel. — He was born in 1755, in Middletown, Connecticut ; gradu ated at Yale College in 1778; and was a member of Congress, from New York, from 1793 to 1797. He suffered for thirty years from a stroke of paralysis, and died at Hudson, New York, in July, 1842. Gilbert, Sylvester.— Born in 1756, at Hebron, Connecticut; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1775; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1777, at Hebron. In 1780 he was a member of the General Assembly, being the youngest member in the House. In 1788 he was appointed State's Attorney for Toland County, and filled that office twenty-one years. In 1807 he was appointed Chief Judge of the County Court, and Judge of Probate, which offices he held until 1825, with the exception of his term as Repre sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, in 1818 and 1819; and in 1810 he was a teacher of a law school, which he continued about seven years, during which time fifty- six students were prepared for the bar under his tuition. In 1826 he was again elected to the Legislature, and was then the oldest member in the House; to which body he had, from the year 1780, been re-elected thirty times. He died in January, 1846. Gilbert, William A. — He was bom in Connecticut, and, removing to New York, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Giles, John. — Born in Rowan County, North Carolina, about the year 1788 ; grad uated at Chapel Hill University in 1808; was a lawyer by profession, and engaged in the practice for more than thirty years. In 1829 he was elected a member of the House of Representatives in Congress, from North Carolina, but resigned before taking his seat, on account of ill health. In 1835 he was a member of the Convention which met to revise the State Censtitution. He died March 2, 1846, in Stanley County, North Carolina, where his professional du ties required his attendance before the Cir cuit Court. Giles, William Branch.— Bom in Amelia County, Virginia, August 12, 1762; graduated at Princeton 1781 ; studied law, but abandoned the profession after practic ing about six years. In 1801 and 1805 he was a Presidential Elector. From 1826 to 1829 he was Governor of his native State; was a Representative in Congress, from 1790 to 1798, and again from 1801 to 1802; and United States Senator from 1804 to 1815; and was subsequently a member of the Legislature. He published a Speech on the Embargo Laws in 1808, and, -in 1813, Political Letters to the People of Virginia, and subsequently an invective letter against President Monroe, and others, of a political character, to John Marshall and John Quincy Adams. He died in Albemarle County, Virginia, December 4, 1830. Giles, William D.— He was bom in Maryland, and was a Representative in BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 147 Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. He was subsequently appointed Judge of the Circuit Court of Maryland. Gillespie, James, — He was a member of the Provincial Congress of North Caro lina, and a Representative in the United States Congress, from that State, from 1793 to 1799, and from 1803 to 1805. Died January 10, 1805. Gillet, Ransom H. — Was born in New Lebanon, Columbia County, New York, January 27, 1800. His early employment was farming on his father's farm, in Sara toga County, in the summer, and lumber ing in the pine forest during the winter. In 1819 he removed to St. Lawrence Coun ty, where he was employed to teach school, during the winter, while he attended the St. Lawrence Academy during the summer. In 1821 he engaged in the study of law with Silas Wright, at Canton, still continu ing to teach for his support. He was ad mitted to the bar, and settled in Ogdens- burg, where he continued, devoted to his profession, for about twenty years. In 1827 he was appointed Brigade Major and In spector of Militia; February 27, 1830, he was appointed Postmaster of Ogdensburg, which office he filled three years ; in 1832 he was a member of the Baltimore Conven tion, which nominated General Jackson for President; was elected the same year a Representative in Congress ; re-elected in 1834, and served as a member of the Com mittee on Commerce; in 1837 he was ap pointed, by President Van Buren, a Com missioner to treat with the Indian tribes in New York, and continued in that service until 1839; in 1840 he was a member of the Baltimore Convention which re-nomi- nafed Mr. Van Buren ; he then engaged in practicing law, and continued to do so until 1845, when President Polk appointed him Register of the Treasury, in which office he served until 1847, when he was appointed Solicitor of the Treasury, in which place he continued to serve until the autumn of 1849 ; he then resumed the practice of law in New York; in 1855 he became Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States, and continued in that office until he resigned, in 1858; and President Buchanan appointed him Solicitor of the Court of Claims, which he held until 1861. Gillette, Francis. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Connecticut, during the session of 1854-'5, for the unexpired term of Truman Smith, resigned. Gillis, James L. — Bom at Hebron, Washington County, New York, October 2, 1792. He received a common school education ; served an apprenticeship to the currying and tanner's trade; during the campaigns of 1812 and 1813, served as a volunteer from New York ; in 1814 he was commissioned a Lieutenant by the Gover nor of New York, and having been taken prisoner by the British, was transported to Halifax, where he remained until the close of the war ; he subsequently returned to Ontario County, and established himself as a farmer ; in 1823 he removed to Pennsyl vania; in 1840 was elected to the Legisla ture of that State; in 1842 was appointed one of the Judges of Jefferson County ; elected to the State Senate in 1845; re elected to the Lower House in 1 851 ; and elected a Representative, from Pennsylva nia, in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. Gillon, Alexander. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1793 to 1794, having died during the latter year. ¦ Gilman, Charles J. — He was bom in New Hampshire ; served in the Legislature of that State in 1854 ; and having removed to Maine, was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that State, and was a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Gilman, John Taylor. — Born in 1754, and died in 1828. He was a volunteer in the Revolutionary army ; a Delegate from New Hampshire, in 1780, to the Hartford Convention; a Delegate to the Continental Congress, in 1782 and 1783, in the latter year succeeding his father as Treasurer of New Hampshire. This office he resigned to become a Commissioner to settle certain accounts for the States, but was re-elected in 179 1. He was Governor of New Hamp shire from 1794 to 1805, and again from 1813 to 1815, when he declined a re-election. Gilman, Nicholas.— He was a Dele gate, from New Hampshire, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1786 to 1788; a member of the Convention that framed the Constitution, and signed that instrument ; after the adoption of the Constitution, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1789 to 1797 ; and was a Senator in Con gress, from New Hampshire, from 1805 to 1814. He died at Philadelphia, Pennsyl vania, May 2, 1814, aged fifty-two years. Gilmer, George R.— He was bom in Wilkes County, (now Oglethorpe,) Geor gia, April 11, 1790. He received an aca- 148 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. demical education, but did not enter college, on account of ill health. He studied law, and settled in Lexington, Oglethorpe Coun ty, Georgia. In 1813, as First Lieutenant of the Forty-third Regiment, United States Arrny, he participated in the Creek war, and in 1818 entered upon the practice of his profession. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1818, 1819, and 1824; was Governor of the State for the terms com mencing in 1829 and 1837, and during the latter term removed the Cherokee Indians from Georgia. He was President of the Board of Presidential Electors in 1836 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1821 to 1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 1833 to 1835. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1836 and 1840, and for thirty years performed the duties of Trustee of the Georgia College. He was the author of a book, published in 1815, enti tled "Georgians," which contains much useful and interesting information touching the early settlement of his native State, Died at Lexington, Georgia, November 15, 1859. Gilmer, John A. — Born in Guilford County, North Carolina, November 4, 1805; acquired a good English education at win ter schools, working on a farm and in the shop during the summers; then taught a school, and thus obtained the means to en ter the academy at Greensborough for three years, and became a good linguist and mathematician, and taught for three years in a grammar school ; afterwards studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832. Was a member of the State Senate from 1846 to 1856, and was elected a Representa tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee of Elections. In 1856 he was the Whig candidate for Gov ernor of North Carolina, but was defeated. He was re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Con gress, and made Chairman of the Commit tee of Elections ; withdrew in 1861 . Gilmer, Thomas W. — He was a native of Virginia, in which State he held many positions of high character, having been Governor of the State in 1840, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1841 to 1843, from Virginia. He was Secretary of the Navy under President Tyler. He was killed by the accident on board the United States steamer Princeton, February 28, 1844. Gilmore, Alfred. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Gilmore, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833. Died May 18, 1845. Gist, Joseph. — Bom in Union District, South Carolina, in 1775 ; educated at the Charleston College ; studied law and ad mitted to the bar in 1799 ; was a Presi dential Elector in 1809; served in the Legislature of his native State for eighteen years ; was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1621 to 1827; served as a Trustee of the State College ; and died May 8, 1836. Glascock Thomas. — He was a soldier and statesman of Georgia; served at the siege of Savannah, under Count Pulaski, as Lieutenant, and exhibited great skill and bravery ; he was appointed Colonel of the troops ordered out by the Legislature, in defence of the State against the Indians, on the western frontier; and was afterwards elected General of Militia. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1836 to 1839, and highly respected for his talents and character. He died at Decatur, Georgia, May 9, 1841. Glasgow, Hugh. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1817. Glenn, Henry. — He took an active part in the Revolutionary war, and was a Rep resentative, from New York, in Congress, from 1793 to 1801 . He died at Schenectady, in 1814, aged seventy-three years. Gloninger, John. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative, from that State, in the Twelfth Congress, but resigned before the expiration of his term, and E. Crouch was elected in his place. Glossbrenner, Adam J.— Bom in Hagerstown, Maryland, August 31, 1810; apprenticed at an early age to the printing business, which was his school; when seventeen years of age he travelled in the west and became foreman in the office of the Ohio Monitor, and afterwards of the Western Telegraph ; in 1829 he returned to Pennsylvania and settled at York, where he published the York Gazette, and there held various offices of trust and responsi bility. In 1849 he was elected Sergeant- at-Arms of the national House of Repre sentatives for the Thirty-first Congress, and was re-elected to the same office by the four following Congresses ; in 1861 he was private secretary to President Buchanan ; BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 149 in 1863 he became one of the founders of the Philadelphia Age ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and En grossed Bills. Goddard, Calvin. — Bora in Shrews bury, Massachusetts, July 17, 1768 ; and graduated at Dartmouth in 1786. He was admitted to the bar in Norwich, Connec ticut, in 1790, and settled in Plainfield, from which place he was elected a Repre sentative in the Legislature for nine ses sions, during three of which he was Speaker of the House. He removed to Norwich in 1807. From 1801 to 1805 he was a Repre sentative in Congress, and from 1808 to 1815 he was a member of the State Council ; in 1813 a Presidential Elector ; in 1814 a Delegate to the Hartford Convention ; and from 1815 to 1818 Judge of the Superior Court. He was State's Attorney for the County of New London for five years, and Mayor of Norwich for seventeen years. He died at Norwich, May 2, 1842. Goggin, William L.— Born in Bedford County, Virginia, May 31, 1807; received an academic education; studied law in Winchester, and was admitted to the bar in 1828, and practiced in several of the Circuit and District Courts of the State. In 1836 he was a member of the Legislature, and in 1837 declined a re-election. In 1839 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, and was re-elected in 1841, 1843, and 1847, being Chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads during his last term. He was afterwards appointed one of the Visitors to West Point, under the administration of President Fill more, and sinee that time he has pursued his profession, in connexion with agricul tural pursuits. In 1859 he was nominated as the Whig candidate for Governor of Virginia. Gold, Thomas R. — He was a native of New York ; graduated at Yale College in 1786 ; was a member of the State Senate from 1797 to 1802 ; a member of the As sembly in 1808 ; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1809 to 1813, and again from 1815 to 1817. He died in 1826. Goldsborough, Charles W— He was Governor of the State of Maryland, and a Representative in Congress from 1805 to 1817. He died at Shoal Creek, Maryland, December 13, 1834. Goldsborough, Robert. — He was a Delegate, from Maryland, to the Conti nental Congress from 1774 to 1775. Goldsborough, Robert H. — He was a Senator of the United States, from Mary land, from 1813 to 1819, and again from 1835 to 1836. He died at New Easton, Maryland, October 5, 1836. Gooch, Daniel W. — Born in Wells, State of Maine, in January, 1820. He graduated at Dartmouth in 1843 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1846; com menced the practice of his profession in Boston ; was elected in 1852 to the Legis lature of Massachusetts; in 1853 to the Constitutional Convention of the State; and subsequently a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Massachusetts, for an unexpired term. He was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Territories ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Special Committee on the Conduct of the War ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims and Foreign Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, but in 1865 was appointed by President Johnson Navy Agent for the port of Boston. Goode, Patrick G. — He was born in Virginia, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1837 to 1843. Goode, Samuel. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 1801. Goode, William O. — He was born at Inglewood, Mecklenburg County, Virginia, September 16, 1798; was educated at the College of William and Maiy ; studied law, and commenced the practice in 1821 ; he was, early in life, elected for several terms a member of the State Legislature. He was a member in 1829 of the State Reform Convention of Virginia; in 1832 he was again elected to the State Legislature, and took an active part in the debates on slavery of that year; he was re-elected to the Legislature in 1838 ; and he was first elected a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, in 1841, serving until 1843. He was subsequently again elected to the Legis lature, and was Speaker of the House of Delegates for several sessions ; he was also a member of the State Reform Convention of 1850, and was chosen Chairman of the Legislative Committee ; and he was a member of the House of Delegates, called 150 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. oput the New Constitution into operation, and Chairman of the Committee on Finance. In 1853 he was again elected a Representa tive in Congress from Virginia, and was regularly re-elected until the Thirty-fifth Congress, in which he served as Chairman of the Committee on the District of Colum bia. Died near Boydtown, Virginia, July 3, 1859. Goodenow, John M. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 1831. Goodenow, Robert. — He was born in Faimington, New Hampshire, in 1800 ; admitted to the bar in 1821 ; was County Attorney from 1828 to 1834, and in 1841 ; and, having taken up his residence in Maine, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. In 1857 he was appointed Bank Commissioner for the State. Goodenow, Rufus K. — Born in Hen- niker, New Hampshire, April 24, 1790, but removed with his father to Brownfield, Maine, where he was educated in a country school. He was a farmer, and for many years a common sailor. He entered the army in 1812 as Captain in the Thirty-third Regiment of United States Infantry, and served in that capacity until 1815. Upon the organization of a State Government he was appointed Clerk of the Courts for Ox ford County, and removed to Paris, and held this office sixteen years. He was a member of the Maine Legislature ; a Presi dential Elector in 1840 ; and represented his district in the Thirty-first Congress. Goodhue, Benjamin. — Born at Salem, Massachusetts, October 1, 1748; graduated at Harvard University in 1766 ; and re ceived literary honors from Yale College in 1804. Early in life he engaged in com mercial pursuits. He was a Whig during the Revolution ; represented his native county in the State Senate from 1784 to 1789, when he was elected a Representative to Congress under the new Constitution, and, assisted by Mr. Fitzsimmons, of Phila delphia, formed our code of revenue laws, the majority of which have never been ab rogated. In 1796 he was elected a Senator of the United States, and became distin guished as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce ; but in 1800 he resigned his seat and retired from public life. He died at Salem, July 28, 1814. Goodrich, Chauncey. — Bom at Dur ham, Connecticut, October 20, 1759; grad uated at Yale College, in 1776, with a high reputation for genius and acquirements. After spending several years as tutor in that institution he established himself as a lawyer at Hartford in 1781, and soon at tained to eminence in the profession. He was a Representative in the Legislature in 1793, and a Representative in Congress from 1795 to 1/301 . From 1802 to 1807 was a Councillor of the State ; and he was elected United States Senator from 1807 to 1813. He received the office of Mayor of Hartford in 1812, and resigned his seat in Congress. He was elected Lieutenant Governor of the State in 1813, and was also a Delegate to the Hartford Convention in 1814. He died at Hartford, August 18, 1815. Goodrich, EHzur. — He was one of the very few survivors among the men who figured in public life under the administra tions of Washington and the elder Adams. He belonged to the Washington school of Federalists, and his removal from the office of Collector of Customs, at New Haven, immediately on the accession of Jefferson to the Presidency, gave occasion to the famous letter, in which Jefferson avowed his principle of removal for political opin ions. Besides being honored with various offices of trust and responsibility, he was for some time Professor of Law in Yale College, and for many years the efficient Mayor of New Haven. He was twice elected to the State Legislature, and was a Judge of the County and Probate Courts for fifteen years, and was a Presidential Elector in 1797. He was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1799 to 1801. Died in New Haven, November 1, 1849.Goodrich, John Z.— He was born in Sheffield, Massachusetts, September 27, 1801 ; adopted the profession of law, but turned his attention to manufacturing; served in the State Legislature in 1848 and 1849 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1841 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1855, from his native State. In 1861 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Collector of Boston, and was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Goodwin, Henry C. — Born in De Ruyter, Madison County, New York, June 25, 1 824 ; received an academic education, and studied law, having been admitted to the bar in 1846. In 1847 he was elected District Attorney of Madison County, and held the office three years. He was a Rep resentative, from New York, to the second BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 151 session of the Thirty third Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. Died at Hamilton, Madison County, New York, November 12, 1860. Goodwin, John N. — Was bora in South Berwick, Maine ; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1844 ; studied law, and commenced practice in South Berwick; was elected in 1 854 to the Senate of Maine ; and in 1860 a Representative, from Maine, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and In valid Pensions. He was subsequently ap pointed, by President Lincoln, Chief Jus tice of the Territory of Arizona, and also Governor ; and he was elected a Delegate from Arizona to the Thirty-ninth Con- Goodwin, Peterson. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1803 to 1818. Died in November of that year. Goodyear, Charles. — Born in Cobles- kill, Schoharie County, New York, April 26, 1805 ; graduated at Union College in 1824 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1827 ; was a member of the State Assem bly in 1839 ; in 1841 was appointed First Judge of Schoharie County ; was a Rep resentative, from New York, in the Twen ty-ninth Congress ; discontinued the prac tice of his profession in 1852, and turned his attention to the business of private banking in Schoharie and the city of New York ; and in 1864 he was elected a Repre sentative, from New York, for a second term, to the Thirty-ninth Congress. During his first term in Congress he served on the Committee on Invalid Pensions, and during the Thirty-ninth Congress on the Commit tees on Private Land Claims, Revolution ary Pensions, and on a Bureau of Educa tion. Gordon, James. — He was a member for seven years of the State Senate of New York, twelve years in the State Assembly, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1791 to 1795. Gordon, Samuel. — He was born in New York, served in the State Assembly in 1 834, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, aud again from 1845 to 1847. Gordon, William. — He was a graduate of Harvard College in 1779; was Attorney General for the State of New Hampshire ; a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1797 to 1800, when he resigned ; and died at Boston, in May, 1802, aged thirty-nine years. Gordon, William F. — He was a native of Virginia, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1829 to 1835. He is said to have been the originator of the Sub-Treasury System. Died in Albe marle County, July 2, 1858. Gore, Christopher. — Born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1758 ; graduated at Har vard College in 1776 ; Governor of Massa chusetts under the Constitution of 1780. He settled in Boston as a lawyer, and, in 1789, was appointed District Attorney for the District of Massachusetts, under the new Constitution of the United States. In 1796 he was appointed a Commissioner under the fourth article of Jay's Treaty. This appointment obliged him to go to London, where he remained eight years, during the last of which he was left Charge d'Affaires. He was again chosen Governor in 1809, but only served one term. In 1813 he was chosen a Senator of the United States, in which capacity he served until 1816, when, after serving as a Presidential Elector during that year, he retired to pri vate life. He died March 1, 1827, aged sixty-eight. Having no children, Mr. Gore left valuable bequests to the American Academy and the Historical Society, of which he was a member; and he made Harvard College, of which institution he had been a Fellow and Trustee, his re siduary legatee. He was for a time the legal tutor and adviser of Daniel Webster. Gorham, Benjamin. — He was bom in Charlestown, Massachusetts, February 13, 1775, and died in Boston, September 27, 1855. He graduated at Cambridge in 1795, studied law with Theophilus Par sons, of Newburyport, and rose to emi nence at the bar of Boston. He was a Representative in Congress, from the Suf folk District, from 1820 to 1823, from 1827 to 1831, and from 1833 to 1835. He was afterwards, for a short time, member of the State Legislature, but spent the closing years of his life in retirement. Gorham, Nathaniel. — He was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, in 1738; was a Delegate, from that State, to the Conti nental Congress in 1782 and 1783, and from 1785 to 1787, serving a part of the time as President of that body ; frequently served in the State Legislature ; and was a member of the Convention called to frame 152 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument; and he died June 11, 1796. Gorman, "Willis A. — He was born in Kentucky, and having removed to Indiana, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853 ;_ and was Governor of the Territory of Minne sota from 1853 to 1857. Gott, Daniel. — He was born in Con necticut, and on removing to New York, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 1851. Gould, Herman D. — He was born in Connecticut, and having taken up his resi dence in New York, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Gourdin, Theodore.— He was a Rep- resentativee in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1813 to 1815. Died January 17, 1826. Govan, A. R. — He was born in Orange burg, South Carolina, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1822 to 1827. Graham, James. — Born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, in January, 1793. He graduated at the University of that State in 1814; studied law, and practiced with success for many years ; served four years in the State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1833 to 1843, and from 1845 to 1847. He spent the close of his life en gaged in agricultural pursuits, and died September 25, 1851. Graham, James H. — He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Accounts. Graham, William. — He was born in 1783; received a limited education; was a member of the Convention which framed the State Constitution of Indiana ; served many years in both branches of the State Legislature, and was Speaker in 1820 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1837 to 1839. Died near Valonia, Indiana, in 1857. Graham, William A. — He was born in North Carolina, September 5, 1840, and was the son of General Joseph Graham, of the Revolution ; he was educated at Chapel Hill University, where he graduated in 1824 ; studied law, and came to the bar at Newbem ; served in the State Legislature from 1833 to 1836, and also in 1839 and 1840 ; was a Senator in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1841 to 1843; in 1844 he was elected Governor of the State, and re-elected in 1846 ; he was Secretary of the Navy under President Fillmore; and subsequently was nominated for the office of Vice-President on the ticket with Win- field Scott. Granger, Amos P. — He was bom in Suffield, Hartford County, Connecticut, in June, 1789 ; received a common school education ; in 1811 he removed to Manlins, New York, and was for a time President of that corporation ; served as a Captain of Militia at Sackett's Harbor in 1812, and subsequently became a General of Militia; in 1820 he removed to Syracuse, and for many years devoted himself to agricultural and mercantile pursuits. He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving chiefly on the Committee on Terri tories. In early life he became zealously attached to the Episcopal Church, and by his liberality and knowledge of ecclesiasti cal history did much for the prosperity of the church in his section of the country. He was a cousin of Francis Granger. Granger, Bradley F. — He was born in New York, and elected a Representative, from Michigan, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Revo lutionary Pensions. Granger, Francis. — He was bom in Suffield, Hartford County, Connecticut, in 1787 ; graduated at Yale College in 1811 ; and, on removing to New York, was for five years, from 1826, a member of the General Assembly of that State. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841, when he resigned, to receive from President Harrison the appointment of Postmaster General. Since that time he has lived in retirement. Grant, Abraham P. — He was bom in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Grantland, Seaton. — He was bom in Virginia, and having taken up his residence near Milledgeville, in Georgia, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. He was also a Presidential Elector. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 153 Graves, William J. — He represented the State of Kentucky in Congress, from 1835 to 1841. In 1838 he engaged in a duel with Jonathan Cilley, in which the latter was killed. Died at Louisville, September 27, 1848, aged forty-three years, Gray, Edward. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 1813. Gray, Hiram. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1839. Gray, John C. — He was born in South ampton County, Virginia, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1820 to 1821, for the unexpired term of James Johnson. Grayson, William. — Was a native of Virginia, and a member of the Continental Congress. In 1788 was a member of the Convention of Virginia which assembled to consider the Constitution of the United States, and made himself conspicuous both by his talents and his union with Henry in opposing the adoption of the Constitution. From 1789 to 1790 he was a Senator of the United States, and died at Dumfries, while on his way to the seat of Government, March 12, 1790. Grayson, William J. — He was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, in 1788; grad uated at the South Carolina College in 1809 ; was bred to the legal profession ; was a Commissioner in Equity of South Carolina for many years ; a member of the State Legislature in 1813 ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from 1833 to 1837 ; and by President Taylor he was appointed Collector of the Customs at Charleston, holding the office until 1853. He subse quently devoted himself to planting. He published " The Hireling and the Slave," " Chicora, and other poems," and was the author of a Life of J. L. Petigru. Died in Newbern, October 4, 1863. Greeley, Horace. — Was born at Am herst, in New Hampshire, February 3, 1811 . Until the age of fourteen he attended a common school during winter, working in summer on his father's farm. In 1826, his parents having removed to the State of • Vermont, Horace, who had early shown a fondness for reading, especially newspa pers, and had resolved to be a printer, endeavored to find employment as an ap prentice in a printing office in Whitehall, but without success. He afterwards ap plied at the office of the Northern Spectat or, in Poultney, Vermont, where his services were accepted, and where he remained until 1830, when the paper was discon tinued, and he returned to work on his father's farm. During the following year he arrived in the city of New York, where he obtained work as a journeyman printer, and was employed in various offices, with occasional intervals, for the next eighteen months. In 1834, in connexion with Jonas Winchester, he started the New Yorker, a weekly journal of literature and general intelligence, and became its editor. After struggling on for several years, the journal was abandoned. During its existence, Mr. Greeley published several political campaign papers, the Constitution, the the Jeffersonian, and the Log Cabin. In 1841 he commenced the publication of the New York Tribune. In 1848 he was chosen to fill a vacancy in the Thirtieth Congress, and served through the short term preced ing President Taylor's inauguration In 1851 he visited Europe, and was chosen chairman of one of the juries at the World's Fan. He gave an account of his travels in a series of letters to the Tribune, which were afterwards collected into a volume. He has also published a collection of his addresses, essays, &c, under the ttlie of "Hints toward Reforms ;" and a work en titled "The American Conflict. In 1864 he was a Presidential Elector. Green, Byram. — He was born in New York; served five years in the Assembly of that State ; and was a Representative in Congress, from 1843 to 1845. Green, Frederick W. — He was born in Maryland, and having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Green, I. L. — He was born in chusetts ; graduated at Harvard University in 1781; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1805 to 1809, and again from 1811 to 1813. He died in 1841. Green, Innis. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 1831. Green, James S. — He was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, February 28, 1817 ; and in 1836, with no fortune but a common English education, he removed to Alabama, where he remained one year, and then took up his residence in Missouri, 154 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. with which State he has since been iden tified. After many struggles with the world, he was admitted to the bar in 1840, and soon thereafter entered upon a lucra tive practice. He was a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; was a member of the Convention, held in 1845, for the revision of the Con stitution of Missouri ; and was elected a member of Congress in 1846, serving through two terms. He argued a boundary dispute case in the Supreme Court, by ap pointment of the Governor of Missouri ; and in 1849 took the stump against the late Hon. Thomas H. Benton. In 1853 Pres ident Pierce appointed him to be Charge' d'Affaires, and subsequently Minister Resi dent at Bogota, New Granada. He was again elected a member of Congress in 1856, but before taking his seat he was chosen by the Legislature to represent the State of Missouri in the Senate of the United States, where he remained until 1861. During the first session of the Thirty- fifth Congress he was a member of the Com mittees on the Judiciary, and on Territo ries, and at the commencement of the second session of that Congress he was chosen Chairman of the Committee on Territories. Green, Willis.— He was bom in Ken tucky, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1845. Greene, Albert C— He was born in East Greenwhich, Rhode Island, in 1792 ; read law in New York, where he was ad mitted to the bar; returned to his native State, and there commenced the practice of his profession; in 1815 he was elected to the General Assemby of the State; in 1816 was elected a Brigadier General of Militia, and subsequently became a Major General ; from 1822 to 1825 he served again in the Legislature of the State, and was chosen Speaker; from 1825 to 1843 he was At torney General of the State ; from 1845 to 1851 he was a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island ; and having again served a term in each of the two houses of the State Legislature, he retired from public life in 1 857. Died at Providence, January 8, 1863. Greene, Ray— He graduated at Yale College in 1784; and was a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1797 to 1801, when he resigned. Greene, Thomas M.— He was a dele gate to Congress, from the Territory of Mississippi, from 1802 to 1803. Greenup, Christopher.— He was Gov ernor of Kentucky from 1804 to 1808; was a patriot of the American Revolution, and participated iu the perils of the war. He was at various times a member of the Le gislature of Kentucky, and a Representa tive of that State in Congress, from 1792 to 1 797, and was a Presidential Elector in 1809. He was a man of great usefulness in his native State, and died at Frankfort, Kentucky, April 24, 1818. Greenwood, A. B. — Born in Franklin County, Georgia, July 11, 1811 ; graduated at the Athens University, Georgia; is a lawyer by profession ; and was a member of the Legislature of the State of Arkansas, from 1842 to 1845. He was Prosecuting Attorney for said State from 1845 to 1851 ; Circuit Judge from 1851 to 1853; and elected a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1858 from Arkansas, serving a portion of the time as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. In 1859 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Gregg, Andrew. — Bom in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, June 10, 1755 ; he received a good classical education, and for several years was tutor in the University of Penn sylvania. In 1783 he opened a country store in Middletown, Dauphin County, whence he removed, in 1789, to a wilder ness valley, where he commenced agricul tural pursuits. In 1790 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, serving from 1791 to 1807, and a Senator of the United States from 1807 to 1813, serving for a time as President pro tern, of the Senate. In 1814 he removed to Bellefonte, and in 1816 he was appointed Secretary of State of Pennsylvania. He was remarkable for a sound and discrimi nating mind, agreeable and dignified man ners, and performed his duties with talent and integrity. He died at Bellefonte, May 20, 1835. Gregg, James M. — Bom in Patrick County, Virginia, June 26, 1806. He re ceived only a common school education, and was bred a practical farmer, but studied the profession of law ; and in 1 830 he set tled in Hendrick County, Indiana. From 1834 to 1837 he was County Surveyor, and then chosen Clerk of the Circuit Couri, serving till 1845. He was elected a Repre sentative of the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Public ' Expenditures. Gregory, Dudley S. — He was bom in Connecticut ; was at one time engaged in the iron business among the Adirondack BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 155 Mountains of New York, and having set tled in New Jersey, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Greig, John. — Bom in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, August 6, 1779 ; educated at the Edinburgh High School ; emigrated to America in 1797; settled in Canandaigua, New York ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1804 ; practiced his profession until 1820, when he became President of the Ontario Bank, which he held until 1856 ; he was for many years a Regent of the New York University, and also a Vice- Chancellor ; was long the active head of an Agricultural Society, and was one of the founders and corporators of the Ontario Fe male Seminary. His service in Congress was for the term commencing in 1841, but he resigned at the close of the first session. Died at Canandaigua, April 9, 1858. Grennell, George. — Bom in Greenfield, Franklin County, Massachusetts, Decem ber 25, 1786; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1808 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 181] ; was Prosecuting Attorney for Franklin County from 1820 to 1828; was a member of the State Senate from 1824 to 1827 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1829 to 1839. He was for many years a mem ber of the Board of Trustees of Amherst College, and in 1854 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by that institution. From 1849 to 185? he was Probate Judge for his county, and subsequently settled down as Clerk of the Franklin County Court. He was the first man who pro posed and advocated on the floor of Con gress the recognition of Hayti. Grey, Benjamin E. — He was bom in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Grider, Henry. — Was bom in Garrard County, Kentucky, July 16, 1796 ; re ceived a good desultory education at Bowl ing Green, and elsewhere ; studied law, and while engaged in practice, also devoted some attention to farming. He rendered his first public service as a private in the army, during the last war with England, having served with Shelby in his campaign to Canada; in 1827 and 1831 he was elected to the Legislature of Kentucky, and in 1833 to the State Senate, where he served four years, He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1843 to 1847, and was also re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and on Mileage. Re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress; was a member of the Committee on the Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories, Mileage, and Reconstruction. Griffin, Cyrus. — He was a native of England ; was a Delegate to the Continen tal Congress, from Virginia, from 1778 to 1781, and again from 1787 to 1788, and was President of that body during the latter year. He was appointed in 1789 Judge of the District Court of the United States, serving in that office for twenty- one years. He died in 1810, aged sixty- two years. Griffin, Isaac— He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1813 to 1817. Griffin, John K. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1831 to 1841, and died at Milton, South Carolina, August 1, 1841. Griffin, Samuel. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1789 to 1795. Griifin, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1803 to 1805. Grimes, James W. — He was born in Deering, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, October 16, 1816 ; commenced his education at Hampton Academy, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1836. Soon after that time he emigrated to the West, and in 1 838 was elected to the first General Assembly of the Territory of Iowa, to which he was frequently re-elected. He was Governor of the State of Iowa from 1854 to 1858, and in 1859 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from that State, for six years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia, and also of that on Naval Affairs, and as a member of those on Public Lands and Public Buildings. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. He was re-elected to the Senate for the term com mencing in 1865 and ending in 1871, and in 1865 received from the Iowa College the degree of LL.D. He was also a member of the Special Joint Committee on the Re bellious States and that on Contingent Expenses of the Senate ; and he was one of the Senators designated by the Senate 156 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Grinnell, Joseph. — He was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts, November 17, 1788. His early education was re ceived at private schools, and was moulded in view of a mercantile life ; he commenced business in New York as a commission merchant in 1809, and continued there until 1829, for five years being connected with John H. Howland, eleven years with Preserved Fish, and four years with his brothers, Moses H. and Henry Grinnell ; in 1 829 he retired from the New York con cern, and visited Europe ; on his return he settled in his native place, devoting him self to commerce generally, and especially to the whale fishery. Among the laborious positions which he has long held in New Bedford, are those of President of the Marine Bank, of the New Bedford and Taunton Railroad, and of the Wamsutta Cotton-mill. In 1839, 1840, and 1841, he was a member of the Governor's Council of Massachusetts ; he was elected a Repre sentative to Congress in 1843, and was three times re-elected, serving on the Post Office and Commerce Committees, and originating the idea of a reduction of post age and the establishment of life-boats. Indeed, so great was Mr. Grinnell's influence on the floor of Congress, as every measure he proposed seemed to succeed, he w as play fully designated by his friends as one of the most dangerous men in the House. Grinnell, Josiah B.— He was born in New Haven, Vermont, December 22, 1821 ; received a collegiate and theological edu cation ; went to Iowa in 1855, and turned his attention to farming, having been the most extensive wool-grower in the State, to which he has devoted special attention; w-as a member of the State Senate for four years ; a special agent for the General Post Office for two years ; and was elected a Representative, from Iowa, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Re elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Freednien, on Agriculture and the Postal Railroad to New York. In June, 1866, L. H. Rous seau, a fellow member, made a personal assault upon him for words spoken in de bate, which resulted in a resolution which was passed, reprimanding the assailant for "violating the rights and privileges of the House." Grinnell, Moses H.— Bom in New Bedford, Massachusetts, March 3, 1803; was educated at private schools and at Friends' Academy ; was bred a merchant, and frequently went abroad as supercargo; and he was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1839 to 1841. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1856. Moses H, Henry Grinnell, and Robert B. Minturn, were the gentlemen composing the distinguished firm of Grinnell, Minturn & Co., the house taking that title in 1829, though in reality founded many years be fore by Joseph Grinnell and Preserve! Fish. Griswold, Gaylord.— He graduated at Yale College in 1787; was a member of the New York Assembly from 1796 to 1798 ; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1803 to 1805; and died in 1809. Griswold, John A — He was born in Rensselaer County. New York, about the year 1622; was educated for the mercan tile profession ; settled himself in the iron trade, to which, in connexion with bank ing, he has ever been devoted. He served one term as Mayor of the City of Troy, and in 1862 he was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln and Naval Affairs. Griswold, Roger. — Born in Lyme, Connecticut, May 21, 1762; graduated at Yale College in 1760, and studied law, in the practice of which he became eminent. From 1795 to 1805 he was a Representa tive in Congress from Connecticut. In 1801 he declined the appointment of Secre tary of War, offered him by President Adams a few days previous to the acces sion of President Jefferson. In 1807 he was chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; was Lieutenant Governor from 1609 to 1811, and then elected Gov ernor ; while holding that office he refused to place four companies under General Dearborn, at the requisition of the Presi dent, for garrison purposes, deeming the requisition unconstitutional, as they were not wanted to "repel invasion." In 1809 he was also a Presidential Elector. A scene that occurred between him and Mat thew Lyon on the floor of Congiess was one of great excitement. He received • from Harvard College the degree of LL.D. He died iu 1812. Griswold, Stanley Bom in Torring- ford, Connecticut, NovemDer, 1768 ; ora.fi n- gradu- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 157 ated at Yale College in 1786 ; and was a clergyman. In 1804 he became the editor of a Democratic paper in Walpole, New Hampshire, but soon after was appointed by President Jefferson Secretary of the Territory of Michigan. He was a Senator in Congress from Ohio in 1809, and United States Judge for the Northwestern Terri tory. He died at Shawneetown, Illinois, August 21, 1814. Groesbeck William S. — He was born in New York about the year 1826 ; studied law, and removed to Cincinnati, where he engaged in the practice of his profession ; in 1852 he was a member of the Commis sion appointed to codify the laws of Ohio ; was a member in 1851 of the State Consti tutional Convention; was elected a Repre sentative from Ohio to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs ; was a member of the Peace Congress of 1861, and in 1862 was elected to the Senate of Ohio. Gross, Ezra C. — He was born in Windsor County, Vermont; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1806 ; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1819 to 1821 ; and was elected to the Assembly of that State in 1828 and 1829, but died before the close of his second term. Gross, Samuel. — He was a native of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1823. Grosvenor, Thomas P. — Born in Pom- fret, Connecticut, in 1780, and died April 25, 1817. He graduated at Yale College in 1800, and, after studying law, removed to New York ; served a number of years in the Legislature of that State, and was elected to Congress as a Representative, serving from 1813 to 1817. Grout, Jonathan. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1789 to 1791. He was also a State Representative in 1781 and 1784, and a State Senator in 1787 and 1788. Grove, William B.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1791 to 1803. Grover, Lafayette. — Was born in Bethel, Oxford County, Maine; graduated at Bowdoin College ; studied law in Phila delphia, where he was admitted to the bar in 1850, and soon afterwards took up his residence in Salem, Oregon Territory. In 1851 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney for the Territory; in 1852 Auditor of Pub lic Accounts; served three years in the Territorial Legislature; saw some service in the Indian wars of Oregon; was a Com missioner in 1854 to adjust the claims of citizens of Oregon against the United States; he was appointed in 1856 one of the Commissioners to investigate the In dian war claims against the General Gov ernment ; and, having been an active member of the Convention of 1857 to form a State Constitution, he was subsequently elected the first Representative in Congress from the prospective State, and took his seat as such in February, 1859. Grover, Martin. — He was a native of New York, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Grow, Galusha A. — Born in Ashford, Windham County, Connecticut, August 31, 1823; was educated at Amherst Col lege, graduating in 1844 ; adopted the law as a profession, and was admitted to the bar in 1847 ; and having settled among the mountains of Pennsylvania, and his health, in 1850, being delicate, he amused himself by surveying wild lands and raft ing ; and in 1 850 he was elected a Repre sentative in Congress from Pennsylvania, where he served as a member of the Com mittees on Territories and Public Printing. When Mr. Banks was Speaker of the House of Representatives, Mr. Grow was Chairman of the Committee on Territories ; and during one of the recesses of Congress he visited Europe. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was chosen Speaker of the House of Representatives. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. Grundy, Felix. — Born in Virginia, Sep tember 11, 1770; he removed with his father to Kentucky, and was educated at Bardstown Academy; studied law, and soon became distinguished at the bar. He commenced his public career at the age of twenty-two, as a member of the Conven tion for revising the Constitution of Ken tucky; was afterwards, for six or seven years, a member of the Legislature of that State. In 1806 he was elected one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Kentucky, and was soon after Chief Justice. In 1807 he removed to Nashville, Tennessee, and became eminent as a lawyer. From 1811 to 1814 he was a Representative in Con- 158 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. gress from Tennessee, and during several years after was a member of the Legisla ture of that State. From 1829 to 1838 he was United States Senator, and in the latter year was appointed by President Van Buren Attorney General of the United States ; in 1840 he resigned this position, and was again elected Senator. He died at Nashville, Tennessee, December 19, 1840. Gunn, James. — He was a Senator of the United States, from Georgia, from 1789 to 1801, and died in Louisville, in that State, July 30, 1801. Gurley, Henry H. — He was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, in 1787 ; was edu cated at Williamstown College ; studied law, and settled at an early day in Lou isiana ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1831. He previously held the office of United States Judge of the District Court of Louisiana, and died in 1832. Gurley, John A. — Born in East Hart ford, Connecticut, December 9, 1813; re ceived an academic education ; studied for the'ministry, and was settled as a preacher at Methuen, Massachusetts, from 1834 to 1837, when he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he published a paper called the Star of the West for fifteen years. In 1858 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, officiat ing as Chairman of the Committee on Printing. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congiess, serving on the Committees on Commerce and on Roads and Canals. Died at Cincinnati August 19, 1863, while holding the office of Governor of Arizona, conferred upon him by President Lincoln. Gustiue, Amos.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvauia, from 1641 to 1843, and died in Lost Creek Valley, Pennsylvania, March 3, 1844. Guthrie, James. — He was born near Bardstown, Nelson County, Kentucky, in 1795 ; educated at the Bardstown Academy. When twenty years of age commenced trading with New Orleans as the owner of flatboats; studied law, and in his twenty- fifth year settled at Louisville as a lawyer. For a time he held the office of Prosecuting Attorney for the County in which he lived, and for many years practiced his profession with success. During that period he was shot by a political opponent, aud was in consequence confined to his bed for three years. He served nine years in the Legis lature of the State and six years in the State Senate; was President of the State Constitutional Convention of 1851; took an active part in the banking business of Louisville, and, after originating, became President of the Nashville and Louisville Railroad. In 1853 he went into President Pierce's Cabinet as Secretary of the Trea sury ; was a Delegate to the Chicago Con vention of 1864 ; and was elected a Senator in Congress from Kentucky in 1865 for the term ending in 1871, serving on the Com mittees on Finance, Agriculture, Patents, and Mines and Mining. Guyon, Jr., James. — He was bom in Richmond County, New York, in 1777; represented Staten Island in the Legisla ture of New York a number of years, and was a member of Congress from 1819 to 1821. He died on Staten Island, March 8, 1346. Gwin, William M. — Born in Sumner County, Tennessee, October 9, 1805 ; grad uated at Transylvania University, Lexing ton, Kentucky, and studied medicine as a profession ; he was appointed United States Marshal for Mississippi ; and elected a Representative in Congress from that State, serving from 1841 to 1843. He was Commissioner of Public Buildings to super intend the erection of the New Orleans Custom-house ; a member of the Conven tion for framing the Constitution of Cali fornia, and was one of the first United States Senators from that State, having been elected in 1850 for six years, and re elected in 1856 for the term which expired in 1861. He was Chairman of the Com mittee on the Pacific Railroad, and a mem ber of the Committees on Finance and on Post Offices and Post Roads. During the Rebellion he was arrested and imprisoned for his opposition to the Federal Government, but was released on his parole by President Johnson in 1866. Gwinnett, Button. — He was bora in England in 1 732 ; received a good educa tion ; came to America in 1770, and settled in Charleston, South Carolina ; was devoted first to commercial pursuits, and afterwards to planting, in Georgia ; he joined the popular party, and was conspicuous at rev olutionary committees ; he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1776, and was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He was a member, in 1777, of the Convention to form a State Constitution for Georgia ; was re-elected to Congress, but having fought a duel with General Mcintosh, he was mortally wounded, and died May 27, 1777. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 159 Habersham, Joseph. — He was born in Georgia ; served with distinction in the Revolutionary war as a Lieutenant Col onel ; was a delegate from Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1786 ; was appointed by Washington Postmaster General in 1795, and having been con tinued in office by Presidents Adams and Jefferson, resigned in 1802. Died in Georgia in 1815. Habersham, Richard W. — He was born in Savannah, Georgia, in 1786, and was educated at Nassau Hall, New Jersey, where he graduated in 1805. He distin guished himself as a lawyer, and occupied many stations of tmst in his native State, and was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1843, where he commanded great respect for his political integrity. He died in Habersham County, Georgia, December 2, 1844. Hacket, Thomas C. — He was born iu Georgia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Died at Marietta, Georgia, October 8, 1851. Hackley, Jr., Aaron. — Bom in New Haven, Connecticut, and was a member of the New York Legislature in 1814, 1815, and 1818, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Halm, John. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 to 1817. Hahn, Michael. — Born in Bavaria, in November, 1830 ; was brought to the United States when a child, and settled in Louisiana ; received a public school educa tion in New Orleans, and received the degree of LL.D. in the University of Louisiana ; adopted the profession of law ; and in 1862 was chosen a Representative to the Thirty-seventh Congress, he and B. F. Flanders having been elected during the military rule in Louisiana. He took his seat at the close of the session. In 1864 he was elected Governor of Louisiana for the term ending in 1868. Haight, Edward. — Born in New York City, March 26, 1817 ; was educated at a private school ; entered a counting-house, and turned his whole attention to mer cantile pursuits ; became a director in the National Bank of New York, and subse quently Vice-President of the Bank of the Commonwealth, and finally President, which position he still occupies. Besides acting as a director in six or seven banks and insurance companies, he has frequently served as an officer in various benevolent institutions. In 1860 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. Haile, 'William. — He was born in 1797, and died at Woodville, Mississippi, March 7, 1837. He was a member of Congress, from Mississippi, from 1826 to 1828. Hale, Artemas. — BorninWinchendon, Worcester County, Massachusetts, Octo ber 20, 1783, and pursued the occupation of a farmer until twenty-one years of age, having received only a common school ed ucation. He was a teacher in Hingham for ten years, and then removed to Bridge- water, where he engaged in manufacturing. He was a Representative in the Legisla ture for several years, and a State Senator in 1833 and 1834. In 1853 he was a mem ber of the State Constitutional Convention, and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1845 to 1849. In 1864 he was also a Presidential Elector. Hale, James T. — He was born in Brad ford County, Pennsylvania, in October, 1810 ; received a common school education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832 ; in 1851 he was appointed Presi dent Judge in the Twentieth Judicial Dis trict of Pennsylvania, and in 1858 was elected a Representative, from Pennsyl vania, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims and on Roads and Canals. Re elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Died at Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, April 7, 1865. Hale, John P. — Born in Rochester, Stafford County, New Hampshire, March 31, 1806. After preparing himself at Exeter Academy, he entered Bowdoin College, and graduated in 1827. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; in 1832 he was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1834 he was appointed, by President Jack son, District Attorney for New Hampshire, and re-appointed by President Van Buren ; in 1843 he was elected a Representative in Congress ; in 1846 he was again elected to the State Legislature, and chosen Speaker ; in 1847 he was elected a Senator in Con gress, and after serving until 1853, devoted 160 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. himself for two years to his profession, and was re-elected in 1855 to the United States Senate, and in 1859 was re-elected for the term ending in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and member of that on Post Offices and Post Roads. In 1852 he was the Free-soil can didate for Vice-President of the United States. Soon after leaving the Senate, March 10, 1865, he was appointed, by Pres ident Lincoln, minister to Spain. Hale, Robert S. — Born in Chelsea, Orange County, Vermont, September 24, 1822 ; graduated at the University of Ver mont in 1842 ; studied law, and after com ing to the bar settled in the practise of his profession at Elizabethtown, Essex County, New York ; was Judge of Essex County from 1856 to 1864; was appointed in 1859 Regent of the University of New York ; in 1860 he was a Presidential Elector ; and he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and Manufactures. Kale, Salma. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1817 to 1819, and a member of the State Legislature in 1823, 1824, and 1845, serving in both Houses. Hale, William. — He was one of the most influential men of New Hampshire, and a member of Congress from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1817. Died at Dover, November 8, 1848, aged eighty- four years. Haley, Elisha. — He was bom in Con- nelticut, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. Hall, Augustus. — He was born in New York, and elected a Representative in Con gress, from Iowa, to the Thirty-fourth Con gress. Hall, Boiling.— He was a member of Congress, from Georgia, from 1811 to 1817 ; died near Montgomery, Alabama, March 25, 1836, aged sixty-seven years. Hall, Chapin.— Born in Ellieott, Chau- tauque County, New York, July 12, 1616; received a good English education; has devoted his life to mercantile pursuits in connexion with lumbering ; and was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pen- Hall, George. — He was bom in New Haven, Connecticut; was a member of the Assembly of New York in 1816, and a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Hall, Hilland. — He was bom in Ben nington, Vermont, July 20, 1795. He spent his boyhood on his father's farm, receiving, as he could, a good English education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819; in 1827 he was elected to the State Legislature, and afterwards, for sev eral years, was State's Attorney; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1833 to 1843, officiating for several sessions as Chairman of the Com mittee on Revolutionary Claims. He was also Bank Commissioner for Vermont, from 1843 to 1846 ; four years Judge of the Su preme Court; in 1850 Second Comptroller of the Treasury ; and in 1851 was appointed, by President Fillmore, Land Commissioner for California, where he remained until 1854. He is now residing on the farm where he was born, and was elected Gov ernor of Vermont in 1858 ; and served as a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Hall, John. — He was a delegate from Maryland to the Constitutional Conven tion from 1775 to 1776, and from 1783 to 1764. Hall, Joseph. — He was born in Essex County, Massachusetts, June 26, 1793; re ceived a limited education; after leaving Andover Academy, went to Maine, and was a clerk in a store until twenty-one years of age ; served as Lieutenant of militia in 1813-14 ; from 1817 until 1 819 was engaged in mercantile pursuits ; was Sheriff of two counties for twelve years ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1833 to 1 837, having been the first Northern man who voted against receiving slavery petitions. Before entering Congress he was for four years Postmaster of Camden, Maine ; and, by President Polk, was ap pointed Navy Agent of Boston in 1849. He has since been connected with the Boston Custom-house. Hall, Lawrence W. — He was bom in Lake County, Ohio, in 1819 ; was educated in that State ; graduated at Hudson in 1839; was admitted to the bar in 1843; practiced his profession until 1851, when he was elected Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas, which position he held until 1356, when he was elected a Representa tive, from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth Con- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 161 gress, serving as a member of the Commit tees on Agriculture, and on Public Build ings and Grounds. During the troubles of 1862 he was imprisoned for alleged disloy alty, and died soon after his release, in Ohio, January 26, 1863. Hall, Lyman. — He was born in Con necticut in 1725 ; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1747 ; Studied medicine and estab lished himself in Sunbury, Georgia. He early espoused the American cause ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1779, and signed the. Declaration of Independence. His property was con fiscated by the British ; in 1783 he was elected Governor of Georgia ; and he died in that State in 1791. Hall, Nathan K— Born March 28, 1810, at Marcellns, Onondaga County, New York. He read law in the office of Mr. (afterwards President) Fillmore, and became bis partner in the practice of their profession, at Buffalo, Erie County, New York, in 1832. He has held different ad ministrative and judicial offices in his native State, served as a member of the State Legislature, and was a Representa tive in Congress from 1847 to 1849. On Mr. Fillmore's accession to the Presidency, in July, 1850, he was appointed to the office of Postmaster General. He was sub sequently appointed Judge of the United States District Court for Western New York. Hall, Obed. — He was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1811 to 1813. Hall, Robert B. — Bom in Boston, Massachusetts, January 28, 1812; was educated for the ministry ; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1855 ; was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fourth Congress in that year, and was re elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress in 1857, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Hall, Thomas H. — Born in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, in 1773; was educated for the medical profession ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1825, and again from 1827 to 1835. In 1836 he served as a member of the State Senate, and voted against the recep tion of any of the surplus revenue of the United States Treasury by the State of North Carolina. He died in Tarborough, June 30, 1853. 11 Hall Willard. — He was born in West- ford, Massachusetts, December 24, 1780; graduated at Harvard College in 1799 ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1803; he removed to Delaware and practiced his profession there ; in 1811 he was elected Secretary of State in Dela ware, and held that office three years ; he was elected a Representative in Congress in 1816, and re-elected in 1818 ; he was again Secretary of State in 1821 ; in 1822 was elected to the Legislature ; and in 1823 was appointed, by President Monroe, Dis trict Judge of the United States for Dela ware ; in 1829 he revised the State Laws of Delaware, and in 1831 he was a mem ber of the State Constitutional Convention. Hall, Willard P. — He was born in Vir ginia, and on taking up his residence in Missouri, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 1853. He was Lieutenant Governor of that State in 186l-'62 and Acting Governor. Hall, William. — He was born in 1774, and died in Sumner County, Tennessee, in October, 1856. He was a General of Militia, and a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1831 to 1833. Hall, William A. — He was born in Maine, taken to Virginia in early child hood, and emigrated to Missouri in 1841. In 1844 he was a Presidential Elector ; in 1847 was appointed a Judge of the Circuit Court; was a member of the Missouri Convention of 1861 ; was elected a Repre sentative, from Missouri, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, in the place of J. B. Clark, expelled ; aud in 1863 was re elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals, and Expenditures in the Post Office Department. He was also a Dele gate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Hallock, John, Jr. — He was born in Orange County, New York, and was a member of the Assembly of New York State, from Orange County, in 1816 and 1817, and from 1820 to 1821; and a Rep resentative in Congress from 1825 to 1829. Halloway, David P. — Born in Waynes- ville, Warren County, Ohio, December 6, 1809, but removed with his parents to Cin cinnati in 1813. In 1823 he went to Rich mond, Indiana, and learned the printing business, and subsequently served four years in the office of the "Cincinnati Gazette." He commenced the publication of the "Richmond Palladium" in 1832, editing it 162 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. for many years. In 1843 he was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature of Indiana, and in 1844 to the State Senate, serving nine years. In 1855 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from In diana, and was Chairman of the Commit tee on Agriculture during that term. He was eight years President of the Agricul tural Society of Wayne County. In 1861 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Commissioner of Patents. Halloway, Ransom. — A Representa tive in Congress, from the Eighth Con gressional District of New York, from 1849 to 1851. He died in Mount Pieasant, Prince George County, Maryland, April 6, 1851. Halsey, Jehiel H. — He was a member of the New York Senate from 1832 to 18:: 5, having previously been a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1831. Halsey, Nicoll. — He was a member of the New York Assembly, from Tompkins County, in 1824, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. Halsey, Silas. — He was a Representa tive in Congiess, from New York, from 1805 to 1807, and, having previously been in the Assembly of that State for several years, was subsequently, for one year, a member of the State Senate. Halsted, William. — He was born in New Jersey ; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1812; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He was a candidate for election to the Twen ty-sixth Congress, and although he came with the broad seal of his State, he was not admitted. Hamer, Thomas L.— He was bom in Pennsylvania ; removed to Ohio when quite young; taught a common school ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1621 ; served several sessions in the State Legislature, and was once, elected Speaker. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1833 to 1839, and died at Monterey,' Mexico, while serving in the war, Decem ber 3, 1646. He entered the army as a private, and was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General. Hamilton, Alexander. — Born in the Island of St. Croix, of American parents, in 1757 ; when sixteen years of age lie came to New York, and spent three years in King's College ; two years afterwards he entered the army as an officer of artil lery, and became an Aide-de-Camp to Washington, with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel ; he acquitted himself with credit at the siege of Yorktown ; after the war he quitted the army, and turned his attention to the law in New York ; he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1782-'83, and in 1787-'88 ; in 1786 he was elected to the State Assembly; and he was elected to the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution. By his writings, signed Publius, he did much to secure its adoption, but was the only member from New York who signed that instrument. In 1789 he was appointed, by Washington, Secretary of the Treasury, and continued in that office until 1795, when he resigned. In 1798 he was associated with Washing ton in command of the army ; and in 18U4 he had a difficulty with Aaron Burr, which resulted in a duel, which took place at Hoboken, and having received a fatal shot died on the following day, July 12, 1804. He was the author of a great variety of able essays on politics and finance, and especially of the largest number of chapters published in the "Federalist," and bis col lected writings were published in editions of several volumes. Hamilton, Andrew J. — Bom in Madi son, County, Alabama, January 28, 1815; received a good common school education, spending his earlier years on his father's farm. He held for some years the position of Clerk of the Circuit Court, and did business as a merchant ; he subsequently studied law, and was admitted to the bar; in 1846 he removed to Texas, and devoted himself to his profession. In that State he held the office of Attorney General; served frequently in the Legislature ; in 1856 was a Presidential Elector ; and was elected a Representative from Texas to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Select Committee of Thirty- three. In 1862 he was appointed, by Presi dent Lincoln, Military Governor of Texas; and in 1865, by President Johnson, Pro visional Governor of the same State. Hamilton, James. — Bom in Charles ton, South Carolina, in 1769; was libe rally educated; and adopted the law as a profession. In 1812 he served with dis tinction on the Canadian frontier; was for several years Mayor of Charleston; in 1623 was elected to the State Legislature; and from that position was transferred to B.IOGRA PHICA L RECORDS. 163 the National House of Representatives, where he remained until 1829. He was subsequently chosen Governor of South Carolina, and becoming interested in the Republic of Texas, helped to promote her independence, and went to Europe as Minister Plenipotentiary from that Repub lic. He did much to promote the interests of his native city and State, and was one of the founders of the ' ' Southern Quarterly Review," and also of the Bank of Charles ton. At the time of his death he was a Senator elect in Congress, from Texas, but was drowned on his passage to Texas, November 15, 1857, by a collision between the steamers Galveston and Opelousas, having been a passenger on board the lat ter steamer. Hamilton, John. — He was at one time High Sheriff of Washington County, Penn sylvania, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1805 to 1807. He died at home, August 31, 1837. Hamilton, William T. — He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1855. Hamlin, Edward S. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1844 to 1845. Hamlin, Hannibal. — Born in Paris, Oxford County, Maine, August 27, 1809; prepared himself for a collegiate education, but, owing to his father's death, was obliged to take charge of his farm, where he remained tfntil he was of age ; he then spent a year in a printing office as a com positor ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1833, and continued in active practice until 1848; was a member of the Maine Legislature from 1836 to 1840; and Speaker of the House in 1837, 1839, and 1840; w as elected a Representative to the Twenty-eighth Congress, and re-elected to the Twenty-ninth Congress ; was again a member of the House of Representatives in the State Legislature in 1847 ; and elected to the United States Senate, May 26, 1848, for four years, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the decease of John Fair field. He was re-elected for six years in 1851, and elected Governor of Maine, January 7, 1857, resigning his seat in the Senate and being inaugurated Governor the same day. On the sixteenth of the same month, was re-elected United States Senator for six years, and resigned the office of Governor, February 20, 1857. He served as a member of the Committees on Commerce, and on the District of Colum bia. In 1860 he was nominated by the Republican party as their candidate for the office of Vice-President, and was elected. In 1865 he was appointed, by President Johnson, Collector of Customs for the port of Boston. Hammet, William J. — Ho was born in Virginia ; studied divinity ; was Chaplain of the University of Virginia, when he. fin ished his education ; was at one time Chap lain of Congress ; and a Representative in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1843 to 1845. Hammond Edward — He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Hammond, Jabez D. — He was a law yer and popular political writer of New York ; did not receive a collegiate educa tion, but Union College conferred on him the degree of A. M. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817, and on the expiration of his term, he was elected to. the State Senate, of which he was a member until 1821. He visited Europe, in 1830, to restore his health. He was elected County Judge in 1838, and about that time commenced his "Political History of the State of New Yrork." In 1845 he was elected to succeed Mr. Van Buren as a Regent of the Univers ity of New York, and held the office until his death. After his return from Europe having withdrawn in a great measure from public and proiessionai life, he devoted himself to literary pursuits, and published works entitled "Julius Melboum," "The Political History of New York," and the "Life and Times of Silas Wright." He died August 18, 1855, in Cherry Valley, New York, his place of residence. Hammond, James H. — Born in New bury District, South Carolina, November 15, 1807; graduated at the State College, Columbia, in 1827 ; practiced law from 1828 to 1830 ; was editor of the Southern Times ; served his native State in Congress, from 1835 to 1837 ; after which he visited Eu rope for his health. In 1841 he was ap pointed a General of militia; and in 1842 elected Governor of South Carolina. After spending about fifteen years in the quiet enjoyment of his plantation, on the Savan nah River, devoting himself to agricultural and literary pursuits, he was, in November, 1857, elected to the United States Senate in place, of A. P. Butler, but withdrew! a 164 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. December, 1860. He died at his residence November 13, 1864. Hammond, Robert H. — He was bom in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. Died June 2, 1847. Hammond, Samuel.— Born in Rich mond County, Virginia, September 21, 1757 ; received as good an education as the country afforded at the time; when quite young he volunteered in an expedition against the Indians under Governor Dun- more, and acquiied distinction at the battle of the Kanawha; when the Revolution broke out he displayed great bravery and ability at the battle of Long Bridge, at the siege of Savannah, where he was made Assistant Quartermaster ; at the battle of Black Stocks, where he had three horses shot from under him, and was wounded ; he was a member of the Council of Capitu lation at Charleston ; was at the battle of King's Mountain; he was also at the siege of Augusta; at the battle of Cowpens ; the battle of Eutaw, where he was again badly wounded ; and also at many others. After the war he settled at Savannah, and held many positions of trust and honor ; in 1793 he headed a volunteer corps, and did good service in the Creek country ; served a num ber of years in the Georgia Legislature; w as one of the early Governors of the State ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 1805. He was also appointed, by President Jefferson, Military and Civil Commandant of Upper Louisiana ; and Receiver of Public Money in Missouri. He was also President of the Bank of St. Louis. In 1824 he returned to South Carolina, and was elected to the Legislature of that State ; was appointed Surveyor General; and in 1631 Secretary of State. He retired from public lite in 1835, and died September 11, 1842, leaving behind a brilliant reputation, both as a patriot and a man. Hammons, David. — He was born in Oxford County, Maine, in 1807; received a limited education ; studied law and com menced the practice in Lovell, Oxford Coun ty, in 1836; was a member of the Senate of Maine in 1840 and 1841; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1647 to 1849. Now living in Bethel, Maine, devoted to his profession. Hammons, Joseph. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1 829 to 1 633 ; and died at Farni- ington, in that State, April, 1836. Hampton, James G. — He was bom in New Jersey ; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1835; and was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1845 to 1849. Hampton, Moses. — Bom in Beaver County,. Pennsylvania, October 28, 1803, but removed with his father to Tnimbull County, Ohio, so that bis opportunities for even a common school education were lim ited ; he, however, by his own exertions, obtained a classical education, and gradu ated at Washington College, Pennsylvania. He studied law at Uniontown, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1829, and commenced to practice in Somerset, Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1 833, and then went to Pittsburg, and pursued the practice of his profession. From 1847 to 1851, he was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, and declined a re-election. In 1853, he was elected President Judge of the Dis trict Court for Alleghany County, and still holds that office. Hampton, "Wade. — He was bom in South Carolina in 1755 ; he took an active part in the war of the Revolution ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1795 to 1797, and from 1803 to 1805; a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; also in 1829; commanded a brigade in 1812 on the North em frontier ; he spent the larger part of his life engaged in agricultural pursuits, by which ne amassed a very large fortune, having been called the richest planter in the United States ; and he died at Colum bia, South Carolina, February 4, 1834. Hanchett, Luther. — Was bora in Port age County, Ohio, October 25, 1825 ; re ceived a good education at Fremont ; stud ied law and commenced the practice when twenty-one years of age; emigrated to Wis consin in 1849 ; spent some time engaged in the lead and lumbering business; was four years District Attorney for Portage County, in his adopted State ; from 1656 to 1860 was a member of the Wisconsin Sen ate; and in 1860 he was elected a Repre sentative, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Public Expenditures, and Private Land Claims. Died at Madison, Wiscon sin, November 26, 1862. Hancock, John. — Bom near Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1737; graduated at Har vard University in 1754 ; was bred to com mercial pursuits in the counting-house of an uncle, and visited Europe in 1760, and became a successful merchant. He was for BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 165 many years one of the selectmen of Boston ; in 1766 went into the General Assembly of the State, where he became distinguished for his ability. He was among the first to repel the policy of England, and the first vessel seized by the revenue officers was his prop erty. In 1774 he was unanimously elected President of the Provincial Congress, and, having been eleeted a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress in 1775, he was chosen President of that body, serving as such two years and a half, and as a Delegate from 1775 to 1780, and from 1785 to 1786. He was the first man to sign the Declaration of Independence, and his peculiar signature is universally known ; and he also signed the Articles of Confederation. He was a member of the Convention to form a State Constitution ; was Governor of Massachu setts for five years, after the adoption of its Constitution, and under the Federal Constitution,-from 1789 to near the close of the year 1793, when he died on the 8th of October. He was a bold and high-toned patriot, and possessed all the personal qual ities of a good man and a true gentleman. Hancock George. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 1797. He served as a Colonel in the Revolution; was greatly beloved by his associates, and died at Fotheringay, Virginia, August 1, 1820, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. Hand, Augustus C. — He was a mem ber of the State Senate of New York, from Essex County, from 1845 to 1848, and a Representative in Congress, from 1839 to 1841. His native State was Vermont. Hand Edward. — He was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Con gress, in 1784 and 1785. Hanna, John A. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvauia, from 1797 to 1805. Hanna, Robert. — He was a member of the Indiana Constitutional Convention of 1816; a General of Militia; was for many years in the State Legislature; was a Sen ator in Congress, from Indiana, by appoint ment, from 1831 to 1832 ; took an active part for many years in the public affairs of his State ; and was killed by the cars, while walking on the track of a railroad at In dianapolis, November 19, 1858. Hannegan, Edward A. — He was born in Ohio, butspenthisboyhoodinKentucky; received a good education, studied law and was admitted to the bar in his twenty-third year, settling in Indiana. He was frequent ly a member of the State Legislature, aud a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1833 to 1837, and a Senator in Con gress, from 1843 to 1849, officiating a part of the time as Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals, and on Enrolled Bills. On his retirement from the Senate, he was appointed Minister to Prussia, and on his return from Europe, took up his residence in Missouri. He died at St. Louis, Febru ary 25, 1859. Hanson, Alexander Contee. — He was a lawyer by profession ; was a Presidential Elector in 1789 and 1793 ; and at one time edited a political newspaper called the Federal Republican, first in Baltimore and then at Georgetown, District of Columbia. He was a bitter opponent of the adminis tration, aud in 1812 published an article which so irritated the populace that his printing office in Baltimore was destroyed. He resolved to reissue the paper, and took possession of a house for that purpose, supported by several political friends, well armed ; the paper appeared next morning with an article against the people and police of Baltimore, and in the evening the house was attacked by a mob, which was, however, repelled ; but Mr. Hanson and his friends were obliged to surrender to the civil authorities for security, and were con ducted to jail. That building was also attacked, and he was thrown in front of the jail, with others, and left by the mob, supposed to be dead. Then it was that he issued his paper in Georgetown. He after wards settled in Baltimore, and was elected a Representative in Congress, serving from 1813 to 1816, when he was elected a Sena tor of the United States from Maryland. He died at Belmont, April 23, 1819, aged thirty-three years. Hanson, John. — He was distinguished as a friend of his country, and was a Dele gate from Maryland to the Continental Con gress from 1781 to 1783 ; President of that body during the first session, and a signer of the Articles of Confederation. He died in 1788. Haralson, Hugh A. — Born in Greene County, Georgia, November 13, 1805. He graduated at the University of Georgia in 1825, and adopted the law as a profession, having, by an act of the Legislature, been permitted to practice before he was twenty- one. He was for many years a member of the Georgia Legislature, and a Representa tive in Congress from 1843 to 1851. Ho 166 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. died at home in October, 1854. He also participated in the military affairs of the State, and was a Major General of militia; and when in Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. Hard, Gideon. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1837, and a Senator from that State from 1842 to 1647. Hardeman, Thomas, Jr. — Hewasborn in Bibb County, Georgia, January 12, 1825, and elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Mileage. He had before served in the State Legislature. Joined the Great Rebellion in 1861. Hardin, Benjamin. — He was bom in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1815 to 1817, from 1819 to 1623, and again from 1833 to 1837, aud died at Bardstown, Kentucky, September 24, 1852. Hardin, John J. — He was born at Frankfort, Kentucky, in 1810; was the son of M. D. Hardin, previously a member of Congress. He graduated at the Tran sylvania University ; adopted the profession of law ; and having removed to Illinois, located in Jacksonville, where he practiced his profession with success. He held the office of Prosecuting Attorney for hi 3 cir cuit ; was a member of the Illinois Legis lature from 1836 to 1842; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1843 to 1845 ; and he commanded a regi ment in the war with Mexico, and was killed at the battle of Buena Vista, while leading his men in the final charge, with heroic gallantry, February 23, 1847. Hardin, Martin D.— He was born on the Monongahela River, Western Pennsyl vania, June 21, 1780. He was educated chiefly at Transylvania Seminary, in Ken tucky; studied law: served for several years in the Legislature of Kentucky ; was at one time Secretary of State for Kentucky ; served in the Northwestern army as a Major; and was a Senator in Congress during the years 1816 and 1817. He had a superior mind, and as a lawyer was emi nently successful. He died in Franklin County, Kentucky, October 8, 1823. Harding, Aaron. — Was bom in Greene County, Kentucky; spent his boyhood on a farm ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1833, locating in Greene County; in 1840 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1861 he was elected a Representa tive from Kentucky, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency and Invalid Pensions. Harding, Abner C. — Born in East Hampton, Middlesex county, Connecticut, February 10, 1807; was educated chiefly at Hamilton Academy, New York; prac ticed law in Oneida county, of that State, and fifteen years in Illinois; managed farms in that State for twenty -five years ; was a member of the Illinois Constitutional Convention of 1848; served in the State Legislature in 1848-'49 and 1850 ; was for ten years engaged in managing railroads. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in the Eighty-third Illinois infantry, and, having been appointed its Colonel, served with success at Fort Donelsou ; was made a Brigadier General, and had command at Murfreesboro' in 1863, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and on the Militia. Harding, Benjamin P. — Bom in Wy oming County, Pennsylvania, January 4, 1823 ; studied law in his native county, and came to the bar in 1847 ; emigrated to Illinois in 1848, and during the following year settled in Oregon ; in 1850 was chosen amember of the Legislative Assembly; in 1851 was Chief Clerk of the Legislative Assembly ; in 1652 was chosen a member of the Legislature, and made Speaker. In 1853 he was appointed by President Pierce United States District Attorney for the Territory of Oregon ; in 1 654 was appointed Secretary of the Territory, which office he held until Oregon was admitted as a State. From 1859 to 1862 he was a member of the State Legislature, serving the two last years as Speaker; and in 1862 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Oregon, taking his seat during the third session of the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs, and that on Public Lands. Hardy, Samuel. — He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Virginia, from 1783 to 1785. Haring, John. — He was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. W from 1774 to 1775, and again from 1785 to 1783. Harlan, Aaron. — He was born in War ren County, Ohio, September 8, 1802; re ceived a good English education ; adopted the profession of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1825; in 1831 he was elected a member of the State Legislature, and in 1838 and 1839 was elected to the State Senate ; was a Presidential Elector in 1844 from Ohio; in 1849 was again elected to the State Senate ; in 1850 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention ; and in 1852 he was elected a Representative iu Congress, from Ohio, where he continued to serve the people of his native district until the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Harlan, Andrew J. — He was born in Chester, Clinton County, Ohio, March 29, 1815; received a limited education ; studied law, but abandoned the practice for politics ; in 1842 he was elected Clerk of the Indiana House of Representatives ; wras elected to the Legislature in 1846, 1847, and 1848; and was elected a Representative in Con gress, from Indiana, from 1849 to 1851, and again from 1853 to 1855. • Harlan, James. — Born in Mercer Coun ty, Kentucky, June 22, 1800 ; received a good English education, and engaged in mercantile pursuits from 1817 to 1821. He then commenced the study of the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1823. In 1829 he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for the Circuit in which he resided, and held the office four years. In 1835 he was elected a Representative to Congress from Kentucky, and in 1837 he was re-elected; during the last session he was Chairman of the Committee for Investigating Defal cations. From 1840 to 1844 he was Secre tary of State of Kentucky, and was a Presidential Elector in 1841. In 1845 he was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature. ; and in 1 850 he was appointed Attorney General of that State, which office he held until his death, which occurred at Frankfort, Kentucky, February 18, 1863. Harlan, James. — He was born in Clarke County, Illinois, August 25, 1820; grad uated at the Indiana Asbury University in 1845; adopted the profession of law; was Superintendent of Public Instruction for Iowa in 1847; was President of the Iowa Wesley an University in 1853; and was elected a Senator in Congress from Iowa in 1856, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Public Lands. On the 12th of January, 1857, because of informality in his appointment, and after long debate, his seat was declared vacant, but on the 17th of the same month he was elected by the Legislature for the term ending in 1861. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Con vention of 1861. He was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1867. In March, 1865, he was invited by President Lincoln to succeed Mr. Usher as Secretary of the Interior Department. After the death of President Lincoln he waived his right to a seat in the Cabinet of President Johnson, but the appointment of the former was confirmed by the latter, and on the 15th of May, 1865, he resigned his seat in the Senate and entered upon his duties as Secretary of the Interior. In January, 1866, he was again re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1867 and end ing in 1873, and in July he resigned his position as Secretary 'of the Interior, the resignation to take effect in the September following. Harmanson, John H. — Born in Nor folk, Virginia, in January, 1803, He was educated at Jefferson College, Mississippi, and having removed to Louisiana, devoted himself first to one of the mechanic arts, then to law, and afteiwards to agriculture. He served in the State Senate in 1844 ; and was elected to the National House of Rep resentatives in 1845, and re-elected in 1847 and 1849, ever keeping a watchful eye upon the interests of his adopted State, and proposed in Congress a project to secure a grant from the United States to Louisiana of all the submerged lands in that State, with a view to their redemption from that condition, and thus promoting the public health. He died in New Orleans, October 25, 1850. Harnett, Cornelius. — He was a Dele gate from North Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation. Harper, Alexander. — He was born in Ireland; and having emigrated to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1839, from 1843 to 1847, and again from 1851 to 1853. Harper, Francis J. — He was elected a member of Congress from Pennsylvania, but died before taking his seat, March 18, 1837,- aged thirty-eight years. Harper, James. — He was born in Ire land, and having emigrated to Pennsyl- 168 BIOGRAPHIC AL RECORDS. vania, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from 1833 to 1837. Harper, John A.- — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1811 to 1813. Harper, Joseph M. — Born in Limerick, Maine, June 21, 1787; commenced active life by working on his father's farm in summer, and going to the district school in winter; he was also at the Fryeburg Academy, and taught school ; he studied medicine and law, and practiced both pro fessions; he was a judge, at one time, of the United States District Court of New Hampshire, and a Representative in Con gress, from New Hampshire, from 1831 to 1835. In 1658 was President of the Me chanics' Bank, Concord. For a short time in 1831 he officiated as Acting Governor of New Hampshire. Died in Canterbury, N. H., January 15, 1865. Harper, Robert G. — He was born near Fredericksburg, Virginia, in 1765 ; was a graduate of Princeton College in 1785, and for a time a teacher in that institution ; removing to Charleston, South Carolina, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar of that State ; he was a leading Rep resentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1794 to 1801 ; he subsequently removed to Baltimore, Maryland, and was a Senator in Congress, from that State, during the years 1815 and 1816; in 1819 he visited Europe, and on his return, devoted himself to the cause of the Colonization Society, and to literary pursuits, publishing a number of interesting addresses and pa pers, which were subsequently collected in a volume. He served with credit in the war of 1612, having attained the rank of Major General. He died suddenly, Janu ary 15, 1625, having been engaged the preceding day in the Circuit Court. Harper, William.— He was a native of South Carolina; bom January 17, 1790; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1808, and became one of the Board of Trustees of that institution in 161 3; adopted the profession of law ; served in the State Legislature, and was elected Speaker of the lower House. He was a Senator in Congress, from South Carolina, during the year 1826, and was appointed Chancellor of that State in 1635. He was, in 1630, elected a Judge of the Court of Appeals, and for a time State Reporter. For domestic reasons, he spent a few years in Missouri, from 1818 to 1823, and while in that State was made Chancellor of the State He was an eminent jurist, and died Octobe 10, 1847. Harrington, Henry W. — Was born in Otsego County, New York, September 12, 1825 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1849; in 1856 he took up his residence in Indiana, and continued the prosecution of his profession there; after serving in a local Convention he was chosen a Delegate to' the Charleston Convention in 1860; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-eighth Coh- gress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Harris, Benjamin Gwinn. — Born near Leonardtown, St. Mary's County, Mary land, December 13, 1806; after receiving an academical education at Charlotte Hall, he spent a few months in St. Mary's Col lege, and went to Y'ale College, from which he was dismissed with one hundred and forty others, in 1829, on account of their seceding from Commons Hall ; and although a compact was entered into that they would not return unless their wishes were re spected, all of them did return, excepting Mr. Harris and one other, a Georgian. He subsequently spent fourteen months at the Cambridge Law School, and then settled in his native county as a lawyer. In 1832 he was elected to the House of Delegates , of Maryland, and re-elected in 1833, 1836, 1849, 1852, and 1856. With his profession and public duties he ever combined agri cultural pursuits; and in 1863 he was elected a Representative, from Maryland, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. He was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress. In May, 1865, he was arrested and tried by Court-Martial for violating the 56th article of war, and although declared guilty, the President, on account of ad ditional testimony, ordered the sentence of the Court to be remitted in full. Harris, Charles M. — He was born in Munfordsville, Hart County, Kentucky, April 10, 1821; received a common school education ; adopted the profession of law ; and having become a citizen of Illinois, he was elected, in 1862, a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures and on Expenditures in the War Department. Harris, Ira.— He was born in Charles ton, Montgomery County, New York, May 31, 16U2, tracing his lineage to the colony of Roger Williams ; when a boy he labored BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 169 upon a farm in summer, and attended school in winter; in his seventeenth year he entered Cortland Academy to prepare for college ; graduated at Union College in 1824 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Albany, where he settled. For seventeen years he devoted his whole atten tion to his profession, in which he was eminently successful, avoiding all political entanglements. In 1844 he was elected to the State Legislature ; re-elected in 1845 ; was a Delegate in 1846 to the Convention for revising the Constitution of the State ; before the Convention adjourned was elected to the State Senate ; in 1847 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court, and held the position twelve years and a half; and in 1861 he was elected, for six years, a Senator in Congress from New York, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Private Land Claims, and mem ber of the Committees on the Judiciary, Foreign Relations, and Public Lands. He was a member of the Special Joint Com mittee on the Rebellious States. He was also a member of the National Committee ap pointed to accompany the remains of Pres ident Lincoln to Illinois. During his sojourn in Washington he delivered an occasional Lecture before the Law Students of Colum bian College by invitation of the Faculty. Harris, Isham G. — He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Also Governor from 1857 to 1859. Harris, J. Morrison. — Born in the city of Baltimore, in 1821 ; was educated at Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, and studied law, being admitted to the bar in 1643. He was a Presidential Elector in 1848, and in 1855 was elected a Represent ative, from Maryland, in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and returned to the Thirty-fifth Congress in 1857, serving as a member of the Committee on Mileage. Also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. Harris, John. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1807 to 1809. Harris, John T. — Born in Albemarle County, Virginia, in 1823 ; received a good English education, going to school and working on hie father's farm alternately ; taught school for a while ; studied law, and was licensed to practice in 1845 ; was a State Elector in 1848, 1851, and 1855; a Presidential Elector in 1852 aud 1856; was twice elected Attorney for the Com monwealth ; and was elected a Represent ative, from Virginia, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. Harris, Mark. — He was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1779 ; removed to Port land in 1800 ; went into trade as a grocer ; took an active part in politics ; held the offices of County and State Treasurer for twenty years ; was a State Senator in 1816 and 1819; a State Councillor in 1820; served also in the State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1822 to 1823, for the, unex pired term of E. Whitman. Died in New- York, March 2, 1843. Harris, Robert. — He was born in Dau phin County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1827. Harris, Sampson W. — Born in Elbert County, Georgia, February 23, 1809, and died in Washington City, April 1, 1857. He graduated at Franklin College in 1828 ; adopted the profession of law ; served one term in the Georgia Legislature, and then removed to Alabama. He was there ap pointed Prosecuting Attorney for the State ; and in 1847 he was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from Alabama, where he continued until his death. Harris, Thomas K.— He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1813 to 1815. Harris, Thomas L. — He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, October 29, 1816; graduated at Trinity College, Hartford, in 1841 ; studied law, in Connecticut, with Governor. Isaac Toucey; was admitted to the bar, in Virginia, in 1842, and during that year commenced the practice of his profession in Petersburg, Menard County, Illinois. In 1845 he was chosen School Commissioner for his county ; and in 1846 he raised and commanded a company, and joined the Fourth Regiment of Illinois Vol unteers to serve in the war with Mexico ; he was afterwards elected M.ajor of the regiment, and, owing to the sickness of his superior officers, was chief in command during the most of the campaign. He was at the taking of Vera Cruz, and served in the navy battery with a detachment during the day of its terrible fire; was also at Cerro Gordo, and after the wounding of General Shields took command of the regi ment, and was honorably mentioned in Government despatches, for placing a 170 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS twenty-four pounder battering cannon on the heights of Cerro Gordo, during the night preceding the battle. While absent in the army, in 1 846, he was elected a Sena tor in the Illinois Legislature, and in 1848 was chosen a Representative in Congress, serving through the Thirty-first, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congiess ; during his second term he officiated as Chairman of the Committee on Elections. He took a special interest in the election in Illinois when he was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; and it is supposed that, owing to his declining health, the efforts he made to attend the polls were the more immediate cause of his death, which occurred at Springfield, Illinois, November 24, 1858. His disease was pulmonary consumption. Harris, W. L. — He was appointed, by the acting Governor of Mississippi, in 1851, to fill a vacancy in the United States Senate, caused by the resignation of J. Davis ; but it does not appear, from the Journal ot the Senate, that he took his seat. Harris, Wiley P. — He was born in Mississippi, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Harris, William A. — He was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, August 8, 1805 ; received a classical education ; he adopted the profession of law, and prac ticed it for ten years ; he was twice elected to the Legislature of Virginia ; was a Presi dential Elector in 1841 ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1841 to 1643. He was editor, for several years, of a journal called the Spec tator, and subsequently of the Constitution, published in Washington ; and in 1845 he was appointed, by President Polk, Charge d'Affaires to Buenos Ayres, where he re mained until 1851. After the election of Mr. Buchanan to the Presidency, he be came the editor and proprietor of the Wash ington Union, which continued iu his pos session until he was elected Printer to the United States Senate, which office he held for two years. Iu 1654 he removed to Missouri, and died in Pike County, March 28, 1864. Harrison, Albert G— He was a native of Kentucky ; a lawyer by profession ; and a member of Congress, from Missouri, from 1835 to 1839. He died at Fulton, Missouri, September 7, 1839, highly es teemed. Harrison. Benjamin. — Born in Berke ley County, Virginia ; was educated at the College of William and Mary ; after per forming important duties on local commit tees, he was elected to the Williamsburg Convention of 1774 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1778, and signed the Declaration of Inde pendence ; in 1775 he was a member of the Richmond Convention ; took an important part in organizing means of defence; while in Congress he served conspicuously on the most important committees, and was very popular as Chairman of the Commit tee of the Whole ; he was a Councillor of Virginia under the new form of govern ment ; and he was considered a colossus in the cause of liberty and human rights. He was a member and Speaker of the House of Burgesses ; in 1782 he was elected Governor of Virginia, and twice re-elected; subsequently served in the Legislature; was a member of the Convention called to ratify the Federal Constitution; and he died in April, 1791. He was the warm personal friend of Washington, and the father of President William Henry Har rison. Harrison, Carter B. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 1799. Harrison, John S. — He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1857. Harrison, Richard A. — He was born in England in 1827, and emigrated to Ohio in 1836; received a good English educa tion ; served for a time in a printing office in Clarke County; graduated at the Cin cinnati Law School in 1 846 ; in 1 857 he was elected to the Ohio House of Repre sentatives ; subsequently to the State Sen ate ; and he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-seventh Congiess, serving on the Committees on Invalid Pen sions and the Militia. Harrison, S. S. — He was born in Mary land ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1833 to 1837. Harrison, 'William. — He was a Dele gate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1765 to 1787. Harrison, William Henry. — Was bom in Charles County, Virginia, February 9, 1773; was educated at Hampden Sydney College, aud afterwards studied medicine. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 171 He received, from Washington, a military commission in 1791, and fought under Wayne in 1792. After the battle of Miami Rapids, he was made Captain, and placed in command of Fort Washington. In 1797 he was appointed Secretary of the North west Territory; and in 1799 and 1800 he was a Delegate to Congress. Being ap pointed Governor of Indiana, he was also Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and ne gotiated thirteen treaties. He gained a great victory in the battle of Tippecanoe, November 7, 181 1. In the war with Great Britain he was commander of the North- ' west army, and was distinguished in the defence of Fort Meigs, and the victory of the Thames. From 1816 to 1819 he was a Representative in Congress from Ohio ; a Presidential Elector in 1821 and 1825 ; and from 1825 to 1828, United States Senator. In 1828 he was Minister to the Republic of Colombia; and on his return he resided upon his farm, at North Bend, Ohio. In 1840 he was elected President of the United States, by 3tf4 votes out of 294, and in augurated March 4, 1841. He died in the Presidential mansion, April 4, 1841. Hart, Emanuel B. — Born in New York City, October 29, 181 1 ; entered early upon a mercantile occupation; went to the Spanish Main as a supercargo, and settled in New York as a commission merchant ; served for a time in the Board of Alder men; was a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853 ; he was at one time a Lieutenant Colonel of the State militia; and was appointed, by President Buch anan, Surveyor of the Port of New York. Mr. Hart has also frequently been a mem ber of the State and National Conventions of the Democratic party. Hart, John. — Born in Hopewell, Hunt erdon County, New Jersey, in 1715; re ceived a good, plain education ; was a farmer by occupation ; frequently served in the Colonial Legislature; and he was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Conti nental Congress from 1774 to 1776, and was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Died in 1780. Hart, Roswell. — Born in Rochester, New York, in 1824; graduated at Yale College in 1843 ; studied law and was ad mitted to the bar in 1847, but never prac ticed the profession; devoted himself to mercantile pursuits, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs and Ex penditures in the State Department. Hartley, Thomas. — He was born in Reading, Pennsylvania ; served in the Revolutionary war as a Colonel from 1776 to 1779; was a lawyer of eminence ; and a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1789 until his death, which occurred at York, Pennsylvania, in 1800. Harvey, Jonathan. — He was born in Merrimack County, New Hampshire; served seven years in the two Houses of the State Legislature; was President of the Senate from 1817 to 1823 ; was a State Councillor from 1823 to 1825 ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1825 to 1831, during his last term serving as a member of the Commit tee on Commerce. Died in Sutton, New Hampshire, August 23, 1859, aged seventy- nine years. Harvey, Matthew. — He was born in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, in 1781, and was for many years a member of the New Hampshire Legislature ; Speaker of the House from 1818 to 1821, and Presi dent of the Senate from 1825 to 1823; a State Councillor in 1 828 ; Governor of the State in 1830; and in 1831 was appointed Judge of the United States District Court. His services as a Representative in Con gress, from New Hampshire, were rendered from 1821 to 1825. Died at Concord, New Hampshire, April 7, 1866. Harvie, John. — He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Virginia, from 1778 to 1779, and signed the Articles of Confederation. Hasbrouck, Abraham,— He was a member of the New York Assembly, from Ulster County, in 1781 and 1782, and again in 1811 ; and a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1815 ; and State Senator in 1822. Hasbrouck, Abraham B. — He gradu ated at Yale College in 1810 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827. He was a native of Ulster County, New York ; but he spent a few years of his life in New Jersey, and was President of Rutgers College, which office he resigned. Hasbrouck, Josiah. — He was for four years a member of the New York Assem bly, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 1805, and again from 1817 to 1819. Hascall, Augustus P. — He was born in Massachusetts ; and was a Representa- 172 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. five in Congress, from New York, from 1851 to 1853. Haskell, William T— He was born in Tennessee, received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law ; he com manded, as Colonel, a regiment of Ten nessee volunteers in the late war with Mexico, having distinguished himself at Medelin and at Cerro Gordo ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennes see, from 1 847 to 1 849. He died at Hop- kinsville, Tennessee, March 20, 1859. Haskin, John B. — Bom at Fordham, Westchester County, New York, August 7, 1821 ; educated at a public school in New Yoik City ; he was a lawyer by profession ; held several important city offices from 1846 to 1856, and was then elected a Rep resentative in the Thirty-fitth Congress from New York, officiating as Chairman of the Committeeon Expenditures in the Navy Department; and was also eiected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Hastings, George. — He was bom in Clinton, Oneida County, New York, March 13, 1807; graduated at Hamilton College in 1826; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1 830 ; he was District Attorney for Oneida County nine years; and he was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1853 to 1855. Late in the latter year he was elected Judge for Livingston County, which office he now holds. Hastings, John.- — He was aRepresenta- tive in Congress, from Ohio, from 1839 to 1843, and died at Columbus, December 29, 1854. . Hastings, L. Clinton. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Iowa, from 1846 to 1847. Hastings, Seth. — He graduated at Har vard University in 1762 ; was a Representa tive in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1801 to 1807. After his service in Congress, he was elected a State Senator in 1310 and 1814; was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Sessions; and died in 1631, aged seventy years, at Mendon, Massachusetts. Hastings, William Soden. — He was frequently a member of the Legislature of Massachusetts, in the Senate from 1829 to 1834, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1837 to 1842. He died at the Sulphur Springs, Virginia, June 17, 1842. Hatch, Israel T. — He was born in New York ; was a member of the Assembly of that State in 1852 ; and elected a Repre sentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on the Militia, and as a member of the Committee on Engraving. In 1859 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, to examine and report upon the working of the Reciprocity Treaty, and a few weeks later was ap pointed Postmaster at Buffalo. Hathaway, Samuel G. — He was, for three years, a member of the Assembly of New York, one year a State Senator, and a Representative in Congress, from thatState, from 1833 to 1835. Hathorn, John.- — He was a member of the State Senate of New York in 1787; a Representative in Congress, fromNewYork, from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1795 to 1797; and was again elected to the State Senate in 1804. During the latter year he was a Presidential Elector. v Hatton, Robert. — Born in Sumner County, Tennessee, in 1827; graduated at Cambridge University; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849 ; served in the Tennessee Legislature in 1 856 ; and in 1859 was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenses in the Navy Department, He served in the Rebellion of 1861 , and was killed at the battle of Fair Oaks, before Richmond, in 1662. Haun, H. P. — Born in Scott County, Kentucky; read law- at the Transylvania University of that State, and was admitted to the bar in 1839 ; he was for a time At torney for his native county; removed to Iowa in 1845, and was a member of the Convention which formed the Constitution of that State in 1846; removed to Califor nia in 1850, and was there elected a County Judge; and in 1859 was elected a Senator in Congress, from California, for the unex pired term of the late Mr. Broderick. He served as a member of the Committees on Indian Affairs and on Territories. Died at Marysville, California, May 6, 1860. Havens, Jonathan N. — He graduated at Yale College in 1777, and was for nine years a member of the New Y'ork Assem bly, from Suffolk County, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1795 to 1799, the year of his death. Haven, Nathaniel A.— He was a native of New Hampshire; graduated at Harvard BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 173 University in 1779 ; was a member of Con gress, from that State, from 1809 to 1811, and died March, 1831, aged sixty-nine years. Haven, Solomon G. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1857. Died at Buffalo, New York, Decem ber 24, 1862. Hawes, Albert G. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1831 to 1837, and died in Davis County, Kentucky, April 14, 1849. Hawes, Aylett. — Was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1811 to 1817. He was a physician by profes sion, and died in Culpeper County, Vir ginia, August 31, 1833. Hawes, Richard. — He was born' in Caroline County, Virginia, February 6, 1797 ; removed with his family to Ken tucky in 1810 ; received a good collegiate education; adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1828, 1829, and 1836; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1837 to 1841. Hawkes, James. — He was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1823. Hawkins, Benjamin. — Born in Yates County, North Carolina, August 15, 1754 ; was educated at Princeton College; and was an excellent French scholar, which occasioned his becoming a personal friend of Washington, that he might act as inter preter in his intercourse with the French officers of his army. He was with him at the battle of Monmouth. In 1780 he was chosen Commercial Agent by the Legisla ture of North Carolina; and from 1781 to 1784, and 1786 to 1787, he was a Delegate in the First Congress ; and as a Senator of the United States, under the Constitution, from North Carolina, he served from 1789 to 1795; and having been appointed, by Washington, Agent for Superintending all the Indians south of the Ohio, he retained that office until his death, having tendered his resignation, without its being accepted, to each successive President, from 1796 to 1816. He was a man of superior abilities and lofty character, and left behind him some valuable writings on "Topography" and. "Indian Character." Hedied June 6, 1816. Hawkins, George S. — He was born in New York, and, having become a citizen of Florida, was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Con gresses, from that State, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, and on Naval Affairs ; and he was a member of the Select Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. Hawkins, Isaac R. — After the close of the Rebellion, in 1865, he was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was declared not entitled to his seat until near the end of the first session of that Congress. (A proper notice of him is necessarily post poned until the next edition of this work. ) Hawkins, Joseph. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. Hawkins, Joseph W. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1814 to 1815. Hawkins, M. T. — He entered public life in 1819, as amember of the House of Com mons of North Carolina ; was a member of the State Senate from 1823 to 1827 ; and a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1831 to 1841. He served again in the State Senate in 1846. He was also at one time a General of militia. Haws, J. H. Hobart. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Hay, Andrew K. — He was born in Massachusetts, and, having become a resi dent of New Jersey, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1849 to 1851. Hayden, Moses. — He was born in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, and was a member of the New York State Sen ate in 1829 and 1830, and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1827. Hayes, Rutherford B. — Born in Dela ware, Ohio, October 4, 1822 ; graduated at Kenyon College, Ohio, and at the Law School of Cambridge; adopted the profes sion of law ; was City Solicitor of Cincin nati from 1858 to 1861 ; Major and Lieu tenant Colonel of the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteers in 1861 ; Colonel of the same from 1862 to 1864, when be was appointed a Brigadier General, and during the same 174' BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. year was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Library. Haymond, Thomas S.— He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Hayne, Authur P. — He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, March 12. 1790, received a good education, and com menced active life in a counting-house. He early formed an attachment for military life, and, on entering the army, rendered good service during the last war with England, at Sackett's Harbor, as First Lieutenant ; on the St. Lawrence, as Major of cavalry ; in the Creek Nation, as Inspector General, and also at the storming of Pensacola, and at New Orleans. After the war he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Penn sylvania. During the Florida war he was again called into the field, and had com mand of the Tennessee volunteers, and he retired from the army in 1820. He subse quently served in the Legislature of South Carolina, and was chosen a Presidential Elector in 1828, voting for Jackson ; and he was appointed to a seat in the United States Senate, from South Carolina, in May, 1858, in the place of Senator Evans. Hayne, Robert "5T. — He was born near Charleston, South Carolina, November 10, 1791 ; his early advantages for education were limited ; he studied law with Langdon Cheves, and was admitted to the bar before he was twenty-one years of age, attaining a high rank as a lawyer. In the war of 1812 he held the commission of Lieutenant. In 1814 he was elected to the State Legis lature, and in 1818 Speaker, and was also Attorney General of the State. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1623, and continued there until f632, serving as Chairman of the Committee ou Naval Affairs. In 1632, as a member of the "Union and State Rights Convention" of South Carolina, he reported the ordinance of Nullification, and was soon afterwards elected Governor of the State, serving until 1834. He Mas subsequently Mayor of Charleston, and President of the Charles ton, Louisville, and Cincinnati Railroad Company. He died at Ashville, North Carolina, September 24, 1639. His abili ties were of a high order, and he acquired distinction by his participation in a debate iu the Senate with Daniel Webster. Haynes, Charles E. — He was bom in Brunswick, Virginia, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1825 to 1829, and again from' 1835 to 1839. Hays, Samuel. — He was born in Vir ginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1641 to 1843. Hays, Samuel. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Haywood, William H, Jr. — Born in Wake County, North Carolina, in 1801; graduated at the University of North Caro lina in 1819 ; studied law ; entered public life as a member of the House of Commons in 1834, continuing there three years ; in 1836 was Speaker of the House; and a Senator in Congress from 1343 to 1846. Hazard, Jonathan. — He was a Dele gate from Rhode Island to the Continental Congress in 1767 and 1768. Hazard, Nathaniel. — He was born in Newport, Rhode Island, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Died December 17, 1820, in Washington City. Hazeltine, Abner. — He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1829 and 1830, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. Healy, Joseph. — He was born in Che shire, New Hampshire ; was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1625 to 1829, and was a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. He was also a State Councillor from 1829 to 1832, and State Senator in 1624. Heath, James P. — He was bom in Delaware, December 21 , 1777. In 1799 he was appointed a Lieutenant in the regi ment of artillerists and engineers, which he resigned in 1802; he was Register in Chancery at Annapolis at the commence ment of the war of 1812 ; he served through the whole war as aide-de-camp to General Winder; in 1833 he was wrecked on the steamer Pulaski, and spent five days and nights afloat upon a piece of the wreck; when nineteen years of age he fought a duel with John Knight, and received a ball which never left him ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Mary land, from 1833 to 1835, serving as a mem BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 175 ber of the Committee on Commerce. died in Georgetown, June 12, 1854. He Heath, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 1797. Hebard, William. — He was born in Connecticut; and having settled in Ver mont, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. fie was also Judge of the Supreme Court from 1842 to 1845 ; Judge of Probate for seven years ; served seven years in the two houses of the Legislature ; and was two years Attorney for Orange County. Hiester, Daniel. — Was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1747. He re ceived a good English education, and became a thorough business man. He settled in Montgomery County, where he was active during the Revolution, being Colonel, and afterwards Brigadier General, of the militia, and in service. In 1784 he waS elected to the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, and in 1787 was appointed a commissioner of the Connecti cut land claims. He was a member of the First, Second, Third, aud Fourth Congresses from Pennsylvania. After this he removed to Hagerstown, Maryland, and was elected from that State a member of the Seventh and Eighth Congresses, during his attend ance upon which last he died, at Washing ton, March 8, 1804. Hiester, Daniel — Son of John Hiester, succeeded his father in Congress, and was a member of the Eleventh Congress. Hiester, Isaac Ellmaker. — Son of William Hiester, was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvauia; received a good classical education ; graduated with honors at Yale College, and studied law. He was a member of the Thirty-third Congress, in which he expressed opinions upon the slavery question not in harmony with those of his constituency. At the next election he was defeated, and resumed the practice of law with distinguished success. Hiester, John. — Brother of Colonel Daniel Hiester, was born April 9, 1746, and was a member of the Tenth Congress from Pennsylvania. Died October 15, 1821. Hiester, William. — Nephew of John and of Colonel Daniel Hiester, was bom in Bern Township, Berks County. He established himself in Lancaster County, where he cultivated a farm, and by his in dustry, honesty, and good sense, recom mended himself to the popular regard. He was a member of the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses, of the Conven tion of 1837 to revise the Constitution of Pennsylvania, and of the State Senate. Died October 15, 1853, aged sixty-two years. Hiester, Joseph. — Was born in Bern Township, Berks County, November 18, 1752, and was brought up to conduct a farm and a store. Inheriting a good for tune, at the outbreak of the Revolution he equipped a company himself, with which he joined the army. He became a Colonel ; was a prisoner in the Jersey prison-ship, where he exercised a liberal generosity in alleviating the sufferings of his fellow- prisoners. He was a member of Conven tion that framed the State Constitution of 1776. He served five years in the House and four in the Senate of Pennsylvania, and as a member of the State Constitu tional Convention of 1790. He was a member from Pennsylvania of the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Con gresses. In 1807 he was appointed one of the two Major Generals to command the Pennsylvania contingent, called for by the President. After this he retired from pub lie life, but in 1814 his old constituency of Berks would again have him in Congress, and elected him for the Fourteenth, Fif teenth, and Sixteenth terms. In 1817 he was ran for Governor unsuccessfully, but three years afterwards was elected, and served in that office until 1823, with great credit for a wise and honest administration of public affairs. Declining all solicita tions to the contrary, he now, finally, re tired from office, and spent the serene evening of an honorable life in the midst of the people who loved him. He died at Reading on the 10th of June, 1832. Helmick, William.— Bom in Jeffer son County, Ohio, September 6, 1817 ; received a common school education, and taught school for seven years ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845 ; in 1851 he was elected a Prosecuting Attor ney ; and in 1 858 he was elected a Repre sentative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. He subsequently accepted a chief clerkship iu the Interior Department. Helms, William. — He was an officer in the Revolutionary army ; a Representa five in Congress, from New Jersey, from 176 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 1801 to 1811 ; and removing to Tennessee, died there at an advanced age. Hemphill, John.— He was a Senator in Congress, from Texas, from 1859 until that State seceded, when he became identi fied with the Great Rebellion. Expelled from the Senate July 10, 1861. Hemphill, Joseph. — He was born in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and was a leading member of the old Federal party ; he was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvauia, from 1801 to 1803, again from 1819 to 1827, and from 1829 to 1831. He distinguished himself particularly by a speech on the Judiciary Bill in 1801 ; and w-as for some time Judge of the District Court of Philadelphia. He died in Phila delphia, May 29, 1842, aged seventy-two years. Hempstead, Edward. — He was bom in New London, Connecticut, June 3, 1760 ; received a classical education from private tutors, and, having studied law, was admitted to the bar in 18U1. After spending three years in Rhode Island prac ticing his profession, he removed, in 1804, to the Territory of Louisiana, travelling on horseback, and tarrying for a time at Vincennes, Indiana Territory. He first settled at St. Charles, on the Missouri River, but in 1805 be removed to St. Louis, where he resided the balance of his life. In 1806 he was appointed Deputy Attorney General for the District of St. Louis and St. Charles, and in 1609 Attorney General for the Territory of Upper Louisiana, which office he held until 1811; and he was the first Delegate to Congress from the western side of the Mississippi River, representing Missouri Territory from 1811 to 1814. After his service in Congress, he went upon several expeditions against the Indians ; was elected to the Territorial Assembly, and chosen Speaker; and he died on the luth August, 1817. He was a man of ability, pure, and without reproach, and his loss was deeply lamented by all who knew him. Hemsley, William. — He was a Dele gate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from i782 to 1784. Henderson, Archibald. — Born in Gran ville County, North Carolina, August 7, 1768, and died October 21, 1822. He was educated in his native county, studied law, and rose to a high position at the bar of his State. He was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1799 to 1803; and subsequently elected to the General Assembly for several terms. His learning was extensive, and his character as a man above reproach. Henderson, Bennett H. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Tennes see, from 1815 to 1817. Henderson, John. — He was a lawyer by profession ; a General of Militia in Mis sissippi ; a Senator in Congress, from Mis sissippi, from 1839 to 1845; and during the latter part of his life practiced his pro fession in Louisiana. After his service in Congress, he was engaged in an unlawful expedition against Cuba, for which he was tried, but acquitted by a New Orleans jury. He died at Pass Christian, in 1857, aged sixty-two years. Henderson, John B. — Was born in Virginia, November 16, 1826 ; in 1836 re moved with his parents to Missouri; spent a part of his boyhood on a farm, miile obtaining an academical education, he taught school for his support ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1848, and was soon afterwards elected to the State Legislature; re-elected in 1 856 ; and in the same year chosen a Presidential Elector. He was a Delegate to the Charleston Convention in 1860; had command for a time of a bri gade of militia. On the expulsion of Trusten Polk from the United States Senate, he was appointed to fill the va cancy, aud in 1863 was elected for the full term ending in 1869, serving on the Com mittees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and that on the District of Columbia, Finance, Expenses of the Senate, For eign Relations, and Claims. Henderson, John H D. — He was bora in Salem, Livingston County, Ken tucky, July 23, 181U ; received a good English education; commenced active life by adopting the trade of a printer; was subsequently a preacher of the Gospel, and for several years was devoted to agricultural pursuits. In 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Oregon, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, Mines and Mining, Indian Affairs, and the Spe cial Committee on the Death of President Lincoln. Henderson, Joseph. — He was bom in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 177 Henderson, J. Pinckney. — Born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, March 31, 1808. He received a liberal education, but did not graduate, and adopted the law as a profession, first visiting Cuba for his health, and settling in Mississippi. He emigrated to Texas in 1836, and his first civil office was that of Attorney General of the Republic of Texas, having been ap pointed by President Houston in 1836 ; in 1837 he was appointed Secretary of State of the Republic; soon afterwards Minister Plenipotentiary to England and France, clothed with the additional powers of Com missioner to solicit the recognition of the independence of Texas ; in 1833 he made a commercial arrangement with England, and in 1839 a commercial treaty with France ; iu 1844 he was appointed a Spe cial Minister to the United States, which mission resulted in the annexation of Texas; in 1845 he was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the State of Texas; in November, of the same year, was elected Governor of the State ; and when the Mexican war broke out, in 1846, as Governor of the State, and, by permission of the Legisla ture, he took command in person of the volunteer troops called for by General Tay lor, served six months as Major General, and distinguished himself at the battle of Monterey, subsequently receiving from Congress, for his services, a vote of thanks and a sword valued at fifteen hundred dol lars. He was elected a Senator in Con gress, in 1857, from Texas, but, owing to ill health, did not take an active part in its proceedings, and he died in Washington City, June 4, 1858, deeply lamented by all who knew him. Henderson, Samuel. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1814 to 1815, for the unexpired term of Jonathan Roberts. Henderson, Thomas. — He was a grad uate of Princeton College in 1761 ; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1779 to 1780 ; a Representative of New Jersey in Congress, under the Constitu tion, from 1795 to 1797 ; and was once Lieutenant Governor of that State. Hendricks, Thomas A — He was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, September 7, 1 819 ; was educated at South Hanover College; studied law, and completed his legal studies at Chambersburg, Pennsyl vania, in 1843 ; settled in Indiana, and practiced his profession with success ; in 12 1848 he was chosen to the State Legisla ture, and declined a re-election ; was an active member of the Constitutional Con vention of 1850 ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Indiana, from 1851 to 1855 ; he was appointed by President Pierce, in 1855, Commissioner of the Gene ral Land Office, in which he was continued by President Buchanan until 1859, when he resigned. He was subsequently elected a Senator in Congress for the long term, ending 1869, serving on the Committees on Claims, Public Buildings and Grounds, the Judiciary, Public Lands, and Naval Affairs. Hendricks, William. — Bom in West moreland County, Pennsylvauia, in 1783. He was one of the early settlers of Madi son, Indiana, having removed there in 1814. During his residence in that State he filled many high and important offices ; he was Secretary of the Convention which formed the. present Constitution of the State ; the first aud sole Representative, of Indiana in Congress from 1816 to 1822 ; Governor of the State from 1822 to 1825, when he was elected a member of the United States Senate, and served until 1837. He was Chairman of the Commit tee on Roads and Canals. He died in Madison, May 16, 1850. Henley, Thomas J. — He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Indiana, from 1843 to 1849. He subsequently removed to California, and held the offices of Indian Agent and Postmaster of San Francisco. Henn, Bernhardt. — He was born in New York, and on emigrating to Iowa, he was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Henry, James. — He was a Delegate, from Virginia, to the Continental Congress, from 1780 to 1781. Henry, John. — He was a graduate of Princeton College in 1769 ; was for several years, from 1778, a Delegate to the old Congress ; a Senator in Congress, under the Constitution, from Maryland, from 1789 to 1797, when he resigned; and elected Governor of Maryland in the lat ter year. He died at Easton, December, 1798. Henry, John P. — He was the brother of Robert P. Henry, and was elected to Congress, from Kentucky, for the unex pired term of the same, from 1826 to 1827. 178 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. He was bora in Scott County, Kentucky, January 17, 1793 ; received his educatiun at the Georgetown Academy of Kentucky ; studied medicine, and in 1813 was ap pointed Surgeon's Mate in Boswell's Regi ment of Kentucky troops, serving at Fort Meigs. Subsequently graduated at the New York University ; settled in Hopkins- ville, Kentucky, in 1822 ; and subsequent ly to his service in Congress removed to Burlington, Iowa. Henry, Patrick. — Born in Studley, Hanover County, Virginia, May 29, 1736; his education was neglected until he had reached the age of manhood, and was a husband and father ; then it was that he began to study law, and was soon admit ted to practice; in 1764 he made his first striking effort as an advocate and an ora tor, and from that year became famous. He was the first man of mark in Virginia to declare against the usurpations of Britain. In 1765 he was chosen»to the Virginia As sembly, and there introduced a set of re markable resolutions, supporting them with a speech of surpassing ability ; and from that time he was hailed as the great advo cate of human rights and rational liberty. He was elected a Delegate, from Virginia, to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1776; there distinguished himself as an orator ; and signed the Declaration of In dependence. He was a Delegate to the Richmond Convention of 1777, and again electrified the people by his eloquence ; in 1776 he was elected Governor of Virginia, re-elected, and then declined a re-election; from 1780 to 1791 he served in the Assem bly of the State ; was a member in 1768 of the Convention to ratify the Federal Con stitution, to which he was opposed ; in 1795 Washington tendered to him the office of Secretary of State, but he preferred the retiiement of home and declined it; was again elected Governor in 1796, but de clined to serve ; in 1799 President Adams offered bim the mission to France, but his declining health compelled him to decline that honor also ; and on the 6th of June, of that year, he died. Evidences of his splendid intellect are abundant and "famil iar as household words," and a tribute that he paid to the Christian religion, in his will, is, for beauty aud force, without a parallel in the English language. Henry, Robert P.— Born in Scott County, Kentucky, Noveniber 24, 1768; graduated at the University of Transyl vania ; studied law with Henry Clay, and was admitted to the bar in 1609; served that year as Prosecuting Attorney for his district; served in the war of 1812, as an Aide-de-Camp to his father, Major General William Henry; subsequently settled in Christian County, and became Prosecuting Attorney for that circuit ; was a Director of the Princeton Branch of the Common wealth Bank ; and was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, for the term from 1823 to 1827. As a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals, he obtained the first appropriation ever granted for improving the Mississippi River. While in Congiess he received the appointment of Judge of the Court of Appeals, which he declined ; and he died of fever, August 25, 1826, before the expiration of his term in Congress. Henry, Thomas. — Bom in Ireland, in 1785. He served his adopted State, Penn sylvania, in Congress from 1637 to 1843. Died in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, February 27, 1849. Henry, William. — He was a Delegate, from Pennsylvania, to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1786. Henry, William. — He was born in New Hampshire, and, having settled in Ver mont, devoted himself to mercantile pur suits Was for many years Cashier of the Bank of Bellows Falls, where he resides ; was elected a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1647 to 1853, accom plishing much work as a member of seve ral committees. Herbert, John C. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1815 to 1819. Herbert, Philip T. — Bora in Alabama, and w-as a Representative in Congress, from California, from 1855 to 1857. Herkimer, John. — Bom in Herkimer County, New Y'ork, in 1773 ; was for many yeais a Judge of the Circuit Court ; and a Representative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1617 to 1819, and again from 1823 to 1825. Died at Danube, New Y'ork, June 8, 1845. Hernandez, Joseph M. — He was one of the prominent Spanish citizens who re mained in the Territory of Florida at the' time of its transfer to the United States. He was the first Delegate to Congress, from Florida, and subsequently a leading mem ber aud presiding officer of the Territorial Legislature. At the breaking out of the Indian hostilities, he was made a Brigadier BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 179 General in the United States service. He was a man of refined and elegant manners ; resided at St. Augustine; and died near Matanzas, Cuba, June 8, 1857, at an ad vanced age. Herod, William. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1837 to 1839. Herrick Anson. — He was born in Lewiston, Maine, January 21, 1812; re ceived a common school education ; at the age of fifteen years he was apprenticed to the business of a printer ; settled in New- York City in 1836, and continued in the same employment until 1838, when he commenced the publication of a weekly journal, now called the New York Atlas, of which he has since been the editor and proprietor. In 1853 he was chosen one of the Aldermen of the city, and served three years, and by President Buchanan he was appointed Naval Storekeeper for New York, which he held until 1861. In 1862 he was elected Representative, from New Y'ork, to the Thirty-eighth Congiess, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions, and Expenditures in the Navy Department. Ebenezer Herrick, who served in Congress from 1821 to 1827, was his father. Herrick, Ebenezer. — He was born in Lincoln County, Maine, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1821 to 1827, and died at Lewiston, in that State, May 7, 1839. In 1820 he held the office of Secretary of the State Senate, and was a State Senator in 1828 and 1829. Herrick, Joshua. — He was bom in Beverly, Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1794 ; received a common school education; removed to Maine, and became a Sheriff in that State ; was Collector of the Port of Kennebunk from 1829 to 1841 ; was Chair man of a Board of County Commissioners from 1842 to 1843; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maine, from 1843 to 1845, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs and Accounts. He was again Col lector of Kennebunk from 1847 to 1849 ; and from 1850 to 18o7 he was Register of Probate for Y'ork County, State of Maine. Herrick Richard P. — Born in Rens selaer County, New York, in 1791 ; was a man of remarkable business enterprise ; and a member of Congiess, from New York, from 1845 to the time of his death, which occurred at Washington, June 22, 1846. Herrick, Samuel. — He was bom in Dutchess County, New York, April 14, 1779. He read law at Carlile, Pennsylva nia, and was admitted to the bar in 1805 ; in 1810 he settled at Zanesville, Ohio, and was appointed Collector of Taxes for that county ; soon afterwards Prosecuting At torney for the same county ; and soon after that, by President Madison, was appointed United States District Attorney for Ohio ; in 1812 he was appointed one of a Board of Commissioners for settling the Northwest ern boundary line ; in the autumn of that year, he succeeded Lewis Cass as Prosecu ting Attorney for Muskingum County; in 1814 he was appointed to the same office in LiGking County ; and he was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, froni 1817 to 1821. After his second election his seat was contested by Charles Ham mond, but the House sustained his claim. He was a Presidential Elector in 1 828, and in 1829 was appointed, by President Jackson, United States District Attorney for Ohio. The remainder of his life was spent in retire ment, and he died in December, 1851. Hewes, Joseph. — He was born near Kingston, New Jersey, in 1730 ; was edu cated at the Princeton school; settled in Philadelphia as a merchant ; when thirty years of age located at Edenton, North Car olina ; served in the Assembly of the Pro vince ; was a Delegate from North Caro Una to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, and again in 1779, and signed the Declaration of Independence ; and he was de facto the first Secretary of the Navy. Died in Philadelphia, November 10, 1779. Heyward, Thomas. — Bom in Parish of St. Luke, South Carolina, in 1746 ; re ceived a classical education, and studied law ; finishing his legal studies at the Tem ple, in London; on his return from a tour in Europe he was elected to the Assembly of South Carolina; he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1778, and signed the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation; was subsequently a Judge of the Civil and Crim inal Courts of the State ; he commanded a company of artillery at the battle of Beau fort and was wounded ; served also at Sa vannah aud Charleston ; at the latter place he was taken prisoner, and while confined at St. Augustine his property was pillaged and his wife died ; and he was subsequently a member of the Convention that formed the Constitution of South Carolina in 1790 ; and he died in March, 1809. Heyward, William H. — He graduated at Princeton College in 1808, and was a Representative in Congress, from Mary- land, from 1823 to 1825. 180 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Hibbard, Harry. — He was bom in Vermont; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1835; was Assistant Clerk of the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1839 ; Clerk of the same from 1840 to 1 843 ; Speaker of the House in 1844 and 1845; in the State Senate from 1846 to 1849, officia ting two years as President; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1849 to 1855. Hibshman, Jacob. — He was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Hickman, John. — Bom in Chester County, Pennsylvania, near the Brandy- wine battle-ground, September 11, 181U; received a thorough mathematical and clas sical education ; commenced the study of medicine, but finding his health too feeble for the dissecting-room, he studied law and w-as admitted to the bar in 1 833. In 1 845 he was appointed District Attorney for Chester County, holding the office fifteen months ; in 1854 he was elected a Kepre- sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirt}-- fourth Congress, serving on the Commit tee of Elections ; re-elected to the Thirty- fift>> Congress, serving as Chairman of the committee on Revolutionary Pen sions ; to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was Chairman of the Judiciary Commit tee ; and to the Thirty-seventh Congress, again serving as Chairman of the Judi ciary Committee. He declined a re election to the Thirty-eighth Congress. Hicks, Thomas Hollyday.— He was bom in Dorchester County, Maryland, September 2, 1796 ; received a plain Eng lish education ; worked on his father's farm when a boy ; served for a time as Consta ble and Sheriff of his county, and subse quently devoted himself to mercantile pur suits. In 1836 he was elected to the Elec toral College of the State; was also a member of the Governor's Council ; in 1836 was appointed Register of Wills; was a member of the State Constitutional Con vention of 1849 ; frequently served in the Legislature of the State ; was Governor thereof, from 1656 to 1862; and was ap pointed a Senator in Congress in the place of James A. Pearce, deceased, taking his seat during the third session of the Thirty- seventh Congress, and was elected for the term ending in 1667, serving on the Com mittee on Naval Affairs, and that on Claims. He died in Washington City, February 13, T.865, and will ever be remembered as a true patriot for his firmness during the ear lier troubles of the Rebellion. Higby, William.— Was bom in Essex County, New York, August 18, 1813; spent his boyhood on a farm, and subse quently engaged in the lumber and iron business; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1840; adopted the profession of law, which he practiced in his native county until 1 850 ; during that year he emi grated to California, and was District At torney of Calaveras County, from 1853 to 1859 ; in 1662 he was a member of the State Senate ; and in 1863 was elected a Representative, from California, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, and Expen ditures in the Navy Department ; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. He was also a member of the special committee to visit the Indian tribes of the west in 1865, and of the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln and Appropriations. Higginson, Stephen. — He was a Dele gate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress in 1762 and 1783. HiH, Clement S.— Born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Hill, Hugh L. W.— Born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1647 to 1849. Hill, Isaac. — Born in Somerville, Mas sachusetts, April 6, 17c6. In 1796 his pa rents removed to a farm in Ashburnham, Massachusetts ; his education was exceed ingly limited, and at the age of fourteen he was apprenticed in a printing-office, and in 161)9, at the expiration of his apprentice ship, he went to Concord, New Hampshire, and purchased the American Patriot, which was afterwards issued as The New Hamp shire Patriot, and became a paper of im mense circulation and influence during the twenty years of his editorship. During that time he w-as twice chosen Clerk of the State Senate ; was once a Representative in the Legislature, aud was elected a member of the State Senate in 1820, 1621, 1822, and 1827. In 1626 he was a candidate for the United States Senate, but not elected. In 1629 he was appointed, by President Jack son, Second Comptroller of the Treasury, and held the office until April, 1830. Here- turned to New Hampshire, and was elected by the Legislature United States Senator for six years, from 1831. In 1836 he re signed his senatorship, being elected Gov- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 181 ernor of New Hampshire, and re-elected in 1837 and 1838. In 1840 he was appointed, by President Van Buren, Sub-Treasurer at Boston, and in that year established, in connexion with his two oldest sons, Hill's New Hampshire Patriot, which they pub lished and edited until 1847, when that paper was united with the Patriot. He also published the Farmers' Monthly Visitor, an agricultural paper, for ten years ; and dur ing the last fifteen years of his life devoted much attention to agriculture. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, March 22, 1851. Hill, John. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Hill, John. — Bom in Stokes County, North Carolina ; served many years in the Legislature of the State ; was a Represent ative in Congress, from 1839 to 1841, and in 1850 held the position of Reading Clerk in the State Senate. Hill, Joshua. — Born in Abbeville Dis trict, South Carolina, January 10, 1812; he had not a collegiate education, but studied law as a profession. He was elected a Representative to the Thirty -fifth Congress, from Georgia, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Public Lands. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the' Committee on Foreign Affairs. Withdrew in February, 1861, and returned to Georgia. He did not take an active part in the Rebellion ; and in 1866 he was appointed by President Johnson Collector for the port of Savannah. Hill, Mark L. — He was born in Bidde- ford, Maine, June 30, 1772. From the year 1792 to the close of his life, he had been almost constantly in the exercise of some public employment, either by popular election or executive appointment. Though denied the advantages of a liberal educa tion, he succeeded, by assiduous self-cul ture, in making himself useful to his country and gaining honor to himself in the various posts of high responsibility to which he was successively elevated. He was, at various periods, a member of the Senate and House of Representatives of Massachusetts, a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, member of Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1819 to 1821, and from Maine, from 1821 to 1823; Post master at Phippsburg, Maine, Collector of the Port at Bath, and held several other town and county offices. He was one of the Overseers of Bowdoin College from the first, until 1821, when he became a Trustee, in which office he continued till his decease, and during the whole period of forty-nine years, regularly attended every meeting except one. He died at Phippsburg, Maine, November 26, 1842, in the seventy-first year of his age. Hill, Ralf. — Bom in Johnson, Trum bull County, Ohio, October 12, 1827. After receiving an academical education he studied law at the New York State and National Law School, and received the degree of LL.B. in 1851, and, on removing to Indiana, he was elected a Representa tive from that State to the Thirty-ninth Congress ; serving on the Committees on Territories and on Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Hill, Thomas.- — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1824 to 1826. Hill, Whitmill. — He was a Delegate from North Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1781. Hill, William H. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Carolina, fronr 1799 to 1803, and he was also ap pointed Judge of the United States District Court for the District of North Carolina. He died in 1809. Hillen, Solomon, Jr. — He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Hillhouse, James. — He, was born at Montville, Connecticut, October 21, 1754; graduated at Yale College in 1773 ; after Sue preparation, entered upon the practice of law ; took an active part in the Revolu tionary struggle, and when New Haven was invaded by the British, was commander of the Governor's Guards. He became a Representative in Congress in 1791, and three years afterwards he was chosen a Senator of the United States, from Con necticut, and continued a distinguished member for sixteen years ; and in the Sixth Congress was President pro tern, of the Senate. In 1810 he resigned his seat in the Senate, and took the office of Commis sioner of the School Fund of Conuecticut, which he managed with great ability and fidelity for fifteen years ; he was also a Del egate to the Hartford Convention of 1814 ; and in 1825 he undertook to conduct the construction of the Farmington and Hamp shire Canal. He was cbosen Treasurer of 182 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Yale College in 1782, and continued to hold the office until his death, having done much to promote the interests of that insti tution. He died at New Haven, December 29, 1832. Hillhouse, William — He was a Dele gate, from Connecticut, to the Continental Congress, from 1763 to 1786. Hilliard, Henry W. — He was bom in North Carolina, but spent his boyhood in South Carolina, at the College of which State he graduated. He studied law, and settled in Georgia, but in 1836 became a citizen of Alabama, occupying for several years a professorship in the University of that State. In 1838 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1840 a Pres idential Elector. In 1 842 he was appointed, by President Tyler, Minister to Belgium ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1843 to 1851. He was also a Regent of the Smithsonian Institu tion, and devoted some attention to the pursuits of literature. A volume of his speeches was published in 1855. Hillyer, Junius. — He was born in Wilkes County, Georgia, April 23, 1807 ; graduated at the State University at Athens in 1 823 ; having studied his pro fession while in college, he was admitted to the bar within one week after graduat ing ; in 1 8 14 he was elected by the Legis lature Solicitor General for the Western District of the State ; and he was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1851 to 1855, (luring his second term serving as Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims. In 1857 he was ap pointed, by President Buchanan, Solicitor of the United States Treasury. Hindman, Thomas C. — He was born in Tennessee in 1818 ; served in the Mexi can war as a Second Lieutenant of Mis sissippi Volunteers ; and was a Representa tive, from Arkansas, to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; was re-elected to the Thirty- seventh, but when the Rebellion broke out he entered the Confederate service, and was at once made a Brigadier General, and subsequently a Major General. Was living in Texas in 1365. Hindman, William. — He was a Dele gate, from Maryland, to the Continental Congress ; a Representative in Congress, from 1792 to 1799 ; and a Senator in Con gress during the years 1800 and 1801. He died January 26, 1822. Hinds, Thomas. — Born about the year 1775 ; was a distinguished officer in the battle of New Orleans ; and a Representa tive in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1828 to 1831. He died in Jefferson County, Mississippi, August 23, 1840. Hines, Richard. — He was bom in North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1825 to 1827. Hitchcock Peter. — Born in Cheshire, Connecticut, October 19, 1780; and grad uated at Yale CoUege in 1801. He was admitted to the bar in 1804, and com menced the practice of law in his native town. In 1806 he removed to Geauga County, Ohio, and in 1810 he was elected to the General Assembly of that State; from 1812 to 1816 he was a member of the State Senate, and President of that body one session. He was a Representative in Congress, from 1817 to 1819, and then chosen Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio for seven years ; was re-elected to the same office in 1826, and retired from the bench in 1852, after a judicial service of twenty-eight years ; having been for a portion of that time Chief Justice. From 1 833 to 1835 he was again a member of the State Senate, and once again President. In 1850 he was a Delegate to the Constitu tional Convention of the State. He died in Painesville, Ohio, May II, 1853. Hitchcock Phineas W. — He was born in New Lebanon, New York, November 30, 1831; graduated at Williams College, Mas sachusetts, in 1855 ; studied law, and after being admitted to the bar, emigrated to Nebraska Territory; and settled in the practice of his profession at Omaha in 1857. In 1861 he was appointed by Pres ident Lincoln Marshal of the Territory, which office he held until his election from Nebraska as Delegate to the Thirty-ninth Congress. He was a member of the Na tional Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to IUi- Hoagland, Moses. — He was bom in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Hoar, Samuel.— Born in Lincoln, Mas sachusetts, May 18, 1788. He graduated at Cambridge in 1802, and was for two years thereafter a private tutor in Virginia. He studied law with Artemas Ward, and was admitted to the bar in 1 805, and opened an office in Concord. He soon attained BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 183 high rank, and was for forty years one of the most eminent and successful practitioners in Middlesex County, as well as in the whole State. He was a member of the Convention for revising the State Consti tution in 1820 ; State Senator in 1825 and 1833 ; member of the Executive Council in 1845 and 1846 ; State Representative in 1850 ; and a Representative in Congress, from 1835 to 1837. In 1844 he was ap pointed by the Legislature of Massachu setts to proceed to South Carolina and aid the colored citizens of Massachusetts, im prisoned by the authorities of South Caro lina, by testing, in the courts of the United States, the constitutionality of the acts of South Carolina authorizing the imprison ment of colored persons who should enter that State. His appearance, in Charleston caused great excitement, and he was ex pelled from that city by its citizens, Decem ber 5, 1844, the Legislature having passed resolutions on that day authorizing the Governor to expel him. He was a member of various religious and charitable societies, of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and, at the time of his death, one of the Overseers of Harvard College, the degree of Doctor of Laws having, in 1 838, been conferred upon him by that institu tion. He died in Concord, Massachusetts, November 2, 1856. Hoard, Charles B. — Born in Spring field, Vermont, June 28, 1805 ; he was a mechanic, and for several years in early life a clerk in a private land office at Ant werp, New York. He was Postmaster under Presidents Jackson and Van Buren ; Justice of the Peace for several years ; a member of the Legislature of New York in 1838, and County Clerk of Jefferson County, New York, in 1844, 1845, and 1846. He has been an active politician, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Expenditures in the State De partment. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Claims. Hobart, Aaron. — He was bom in Ab- ington, Plymouth County, Massachusetts, June 26, 1787 ; graduated at Brown Uni versity iu 1805; adopted the profession of law ; served in the State Senate ; as a State Councillor ; was Judge of Probate ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1821 to 1827. Died at East Bridgewater, September 19, 1858. Hobart, John Sloss. — He graduated at Yale College in 1757 ; was Judge of the District Court of New York, and held several important positions in that State during the Revolutionary war ; after which he was appointed one of the three Judges of the Supreme Court. He was elected a member of the United States Senate for the term commencing January, 1798, but resigned May 5, not having taken his seat, aud was then appointed Judge of the United States District Court of New York. He died February 4, 1805, aged sixty-six. Hobbie, Selah R. — Born in Newburg, New York, March 1 0, 1797, and at an early day established himself at Delhi, Delaware County, in the practice of law, where he was soon appointed District Attorney and Brigade Major and Inspector. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829, when, on the accession of General Jackson to the Presidency, he was appointed Assistant Postmaster General, which he held until 1850, when he retired on account of ill health, but assumed the duties of the office under President Pierce. He died in Wash ington, District of Columbia, March 23, 1854. Hodges, Charles D. — He was elected a Representative in Congress, from Illinois, and took his seat during the second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress. Hodges, George T. — He was born in Clarendon, Vermont, July 4, 1789 ; he was bred to active business, and was a mer chant in Rutland for many years ; served frequently in both Houses of the State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, during the third session of the Thirty-fourth Congress. For more than a quarter of a century he was President of the Bank of Rutland ; was a large contributor to the success of the Bur lington Railroad, and a warm supporter of the Vermont Agricultural Society. Died at Rutland, September 9, 1860. Hodges, James L. — He was a State Senator in 1823 and 1824, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1827 to 1831. He died March 8, 1846, aged fifty-six years. Hoffman, Henry W. — He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. He was subsequently elected Ser- geant-at-arms in the House of Representa tives, and in 1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln Collector of the port of Baltimore. 184 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Hoffman, Michael — Born in the town of Clifton Park, Saratoga County, New Y'ork, in 1766. He was educated as a physician, but afterwards studied law, and settled in Herkimer County, where he oc cupied a high position. He was elected to Congress in 1624, and continued amember for eight years, serving a portion of the time as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was appointed a Canal Commissiouer for the State of New Y'ork, wrote several able reports, and resigned the office in 16:15. In 1641 he went into the House of Assembly from Herkimer County, and accomplished much good for the service and credit of his State. He was also a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1846, and was Naval Officer in the city of New Y'ork ; he was a power ful and effective debater, and, as a man, unselfish and of high character. He died at Brooklyn, September 27, 1848. Hoffman, Ogden. — He was born in New York City in 1794, and graduated at Columbia College in 1812; he soon after entered the navy as a midshipman, but in three years he resigned, and studied law. He commenced to practice in Orange County, and was appointed District Attor ney, but removed to New Y'ork City in 1626, and was a partner of Hugh Maxwell, aud became eminently successful in his profession. In 1628 he was a Representa tive in the Legislature; from 1829 to 1835 was District Attorney; and was appointed United States District Attorney by Presi dent Harrison. From 1,637 to 1841 he was a Representative in Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs; he was re-elected in 1848, and iu 1654 was appointed Attorney General of the State. He was remarkable for his elo quence and learning, and for more than a quarter of a century occupied a high posi tion at the bar of New York. He died in that city, May 1, 1656. Hogan, John.— Bornin Mallow, County of Coik, Ireland, January 2, 1605 ; emi grated to Baltimore, Maryland, with his father in 1617. In that city he was ap prenticed to the trade of a shoemaker, and during his term of service did what he could to obtain an education, and was an attendant at the Asbury Sunday School. In 1826 he emigrated to the West; in 16:',1 opened a store in Madison Couuty, Illinois ; in 1836 was elected to the State Leo-fsla- tnre; in 1638 he was elected by the Legis lature Commissiouer of the Board of Public Works ; re-elected and made President of the Board; in 1641 he was appointed by President Harrison Register of the Land Office at Dixon, Illinois, where he remained until 1845; soon afterwards settled in St. Louis, Missouri, resuming the mercantile business ; became engaged in insurance companies ; organized aud was President of a savings institution and a bank; in 16.57 was appointed by President Buchanan Postmaster of St. Louis, serving his whole term ; and in 1 6H4 he was elected a Repre sentative from Missouri to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee of Ways and Means and the Special Com mittee on the Civil Service. He is the author of two publications — on the "Re sources of Missouri" and on the "Com merce and Manufactures of St. Louis." Hogan, William. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1831 to 1833. Hoge, John. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1604 to 18U5, for the unexpired term of William Hoge. Hoge, Joseph P. — He was bom in Ohio; and having removed to Illiuois, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1643 to 1847. Hoge, William. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1601 to 1604, when he resigned, and again from 1607 to 1609. Hogeboom, James L. — He was a member of the New Y'ork Constitutional Convention of 1621, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 18-5. Hogg, Samuel.— He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1617 to 1819. Holbrook, E. D. — He was bom in Elyria, Lorain County, Ohio, in 1636; re ceived a common school education ; studied and adopted the profession of law ; and having emigrated to Idaho, was elected a Delegate from that Territory to the Thirty- ninth Congiess. Holcomb, George. — He was born in Lambertsville, Hunterdon County, New Jei.-ey, in 1766; graduated at Princeton College in 1805 ; adopted the medical pro fession, and practiced it with success in Allentown; was a member of the State Legislature in 1815; received from the University of Maryland the degree of BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 185 M. D. ; was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1821 to 1828 ; and died at Allentown, January 14, 1828. Holladay, Alexander R. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853, and was Chairman, during his first term, of the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department. Holland, Cornelius. — Bom July 9, 1782 ; established himself as a physician at Canton, Maine ; was a member of the Maine Constitutional Convention of 1819; a member of the State Legislature in 1820 and 1821 ; and a State Senator in 1822, 1825, and 1826 He was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1831 to 1833, serving on the Committee on Elec tions, as well as on the Committee of Rep resentation under the Fifth Census. Holland, James. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1795 to 1797, and again from 1801 to 1811. Holleman, Joel. — Bom in the County of Isle of Wight, Virginia, October 1, 1799; was educated at Chapel Hill, North Caro lina ; taught school for some years, and then studied law, in the practice of which he was successful; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1839 to 1840, when he resigned, "because he could not represent the feelings and wishes of a majority of his constituents." He was subsequently in the State Legislature for several years, and Speaker of the House when he died, August, 1844. Holley, John M. — He was bom in Saulsbury, Connecticut, in November, 18U2; graduated at Yale College in 1822; removed to New Y'ork aud came to the bar in 1825 ; was a member of the New York Assembly from 1838 to 1841 ; and elected a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1847 to 1848. He died at Jack sonville, Florida, March 8, 1848, before the expiration of his term. Holman, William S. — Born in Verds- town, Indiana. September 6, 1622; received a good English education at common schools; adopted the profession of law; was a member of the Convention to revise the Constitution of Indiana in 1850; was a member of the State Legislature in 1851 ; was a J udge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1852 to 1856 ; and was elected a Rep- resentati v e from Indiana to the Thirty -sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Re elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims ; and he was also re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. ' Holmes, Elias B. — Bom in Fletcher, Vermont, May 27, 1807. He commenced life as a teacher, and at the age of twenty emigrated to Monroe County, New York, where he studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1 830. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to 1849. Holmes, Gabriel. — Born in Sampson County, North Carolina ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1625 to 1829. Educated at Harvard University, and was a lawyer by profession. He was in the State Senate in 1807, and Governor of the State in 1821. He died September 26, 1829, in Sampson County, North Carolina, aged sixty-five years. Holmes, Isaac E. — Born in Charleston, South Carolina, April 5, 1796 ; educated at the best schools of his native city, and graduated with honors at Yale College in 1815 ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 18J8, in Charleston. He was one of the originators of the "South Caro lina Association ; " and was elected to the State Legislature in 1826. For a time he devoted himself to planting, but his most distinguished public service was as a Rep resentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1839 to 1851, during which period he served wile ability at the head of the Committees of Commerce and the Navy, and also on that for Foreign Affairs. He subsequently took up his residence in Cali fornia. Holmes, John. — He was born on Cape Cod in March, 1773 ; graduated at Brown University in 1796; studied law, and com menced the practice in Alfred, Maine, in 1799 ; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1802 and 1803, and State Senator from 1813 to 1817 ; was a Boundary Commissioner under the Treaty of 1815; was a member of the Convention to form the Constitution of Maine, and Chairman of the Committee that drafted the document in 1820 ; having been a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1817 to 1820 ; and he was a Senator in Congress, from Maine, from 1820 to 1833. For a part of 1829, and from 1835 to 1838, he was a member of the Maine Legislature ; and 186 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. he was United States District Attorney for Maine from 1841 till his death, which oc curred at Portland, July 7, 1843. He was a prominent member of the bar for forty years, and distinguished for his eloquence and wit. Holmes, Sidney T.— He was born in Schaghticoke, Rensselaer County, New Y'ork, in August, 1815; settled with his father in Morrisville, Madison County, in 1619, where he always resided ; received an academical education ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1841, prior to which date he spent five years as a civil engineer ; was twice appointed Loan Commissioner for Madison County, 1848 and 1650; in 1851 was elected Judge and Surrogate for the same County, and re-elected in 1855 and 1859, serving until 1864 — altogether a period of twelve years. In 1664 he was elected a Representative from New Y'ork to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and Revo lutionary Pensions. Holmes, Uriel. — He graduated at Yale College in 1784, and was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1617 to 1818, when he resigned. He died in 1827. Holsey, Hopkins.— He was born in Virginia in 1799, and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1837 to 1839. He subsequently edited the Athens Banner, and filled a large space in the politics of Georgia. Died in Columbus, Georgia, March 31, 1859. Holt, Orrin. — He was born in Connec ticut, and was a Representative in Congress from that State in 1636, to fill an unexpired term, and from 1837 to 1839. Holten, Samuel. — Bom in Danvers, Massachusetts, June 9, 1738, and was bred a physician. During the Revolution he zealously espoused the cause of his country, and was a member of the old Congress from 1778 to 1787, officiating at one time as its President ; and he also signed the Articles of Confederation. He was a Rep resentative, under the Constitution, from 1793 to 1795; and spent the closing years of his life as Judge of Probate for Essex County, and died January 2, 1816. Hook Enos. — He was born in Penn sylvania, aud was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Hooks, Charles. — Born in Bertie County, North Carolina ; served for many years in the State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress during the years 1816 and 1817, and from 1819 to 1825. He subsequently removed to Ala bama, where he died in 1851. Hooper, Samuel. — Was born in Mar- blehead, Massachusetts, February 3, 1808; received his education in that town : spent four years in a counting-room in Boston; subsequently made repeated vists to Europe and the West Indies, attending to com mercial business ; and in 1832 settled finally in Boston as a merchant, chiefly engaged in the China trade, the last house of which he formed a part having long been known as William Appleton & Co. In 1851 he was elected to the State House of Repre sentatives, served three years, and declined a re-election ; in 1857 was elected to the State Senate, and declined to serve a second term ; in 1861 he was elected a Representa tive from Massachusetts to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of William Ap pleton in the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee of Ways and Means ; and in 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same Committee. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees of Ways and Means, Banking and Cur rency, and the Debts of the Loyal States. In July, 1866, he received from Howard University the degree of Master of Arts, as "founder of the school of mines." Hooper, William. — He was born in Boston June 17, 1742; graduated at Har vard University in 1760 ; studied law and was admitted to the bar ; in 1766 he settled in Wilmington, North Carolina ; in 1770 he had the courage to instigate severe measures against three thousand Regulators in that State, which caused their dispersion; in 1773 he was elected to the State As sembly. He was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from 1774 to 1777, and signed the Declaration of Independence ; in 1776 he was a member of the Hills borough and Halifax Convention ; in 1787 he retired from public life, and died in October, 1790. Hooper, W. H. — Born in Cambridge, Dorchester County, Maryland, December 25, 1813; received a common school edu cation; was for several years a clerk in a store at Baltimore ; when seventeen years of age built a schooner ; was for some years a merchant on the Eastern Shore of Mary land; emigrated to Illinois in 1835, from BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 187 which time until 1849 he was engaged in mercantile pursuits and steamboating on the Mississippi. In 1850 he removed to Utah ; was a member of the Legislature, and Acting Secretary of the Territory ; and in 1859 entered the Thirty-sixth Congress as a Delegate from the Territory of Utah ; and was re-elected a Delegate to the Thirty- ninth Congress. Hopkins, George W. — Born in Gooch land County, Virginia, February 22, 1804. He was educated at the " old field schools " of that day, and for some years alternately taught school and studied law. During the years 1833 and 1834 he served in the House of Delegates, aud was elected a Representative in Congress in 1835, and was re-elected until 1847, serving during one session as Speaker of the House of Representatives, after which he was ap pointed by President Polk Charge d'Affaires of the United States to Portugal. On his return from Europe, in 1849, he went a second time into the House of Delegates of Virginia, and was elected Speaker of the House. He was subsequently elected a Judge of the Circuit Court, and in 1857 was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations. Died March 2, 1861, at which time he was a member of the Vir ginia Legislature. Hopkins, Samuel. — He was born in Albemarle County, Virginia. He served with distinction in the Revolutionary war, having fought at Princeton, Trenton, Mon mouth, Brandywine, and Germantown, and also as Lieutenant Colonel of a Vir ginia regiment at the siege of Charleston. He removed to Kentucky in 1797, and served a number of years in the State Legislature; in 1812 led two thousand troops against the Kickapoo Indians ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1813 to 1815. He died at an advanced age in October, 1819. Hopkins, Samuel M. — He graduated at Yale College in 1791, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. He was an eminent lawyer, and much respected as a philan thropist and a Christian. He died at Geneva, New York, October 8, 1837, aged sixty-five years. Hopkins, Stephen. — He was born in Scituate, Massachusetts, March 7, 1707; was brought up a fanner ; in 1742 removed to Providence and entered the mercantile business ; from 1751 to 1754 he was Chief Justice of the Superior Court ; in 1755 he was elected Governor of the State, and with the exception of four years served until 1768. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, and also in 1778, and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. In 1765 he published by order of the Assembly ' ' Rights of the Colonies Examined, and an Account of Providence," in two volumes. Died July 13, 1785. Hopkinson, Francis. — Born in Phila delphia in 1737 ; his father died when he was fourteen years of age, and, after having been taught by his mother, he entered the University of Pennsylvania, where he grad uated. He studied law, but was fond of the fine arts, and indulged in humorous satire. In 1765 he visited England, and remained there two years. On the breaking out of the Revolution he rendered good service to the American cause by the power of his pen. He was a signer of the De claration of Independence ; a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777; he was a Judge of the Admiralty Court; and subsequently a Judge of the United States District Court. Died of apoplexy May 9, 1791. Hopkinson, Joseph. — Born in Phila delphia, Pennsylvania, November 12, 1770 ; was educated at the University of his native State, from which institution, as well as from Nassau Hall and Harvard University, he subsequently received the degree of LL.D. He studied law, and commenced to practice at the age of twenty at Easton, and afterwards at Philadelphia, and became eminent in his profession. He was the leading counsel of Dr. Rush in his famous suit against William Cobbett in 1799, and was also engaged by Judge Chase in his impeachment case before the United States Senate. In 1815 he was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, and served until 1819, after which he resided in Bor- dentown, New Jersey, until appointed by President John Quincy Adams Judge of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, when he returned to Philadelphia, and held this office until his death. In 1837 he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the State ; was one of the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania ; was Presi dent of the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts, and Vice-President of the American Philosophical Society. He published many interesting addresses, aud wrote the song "Hail, Columbia." He died at Phila delphia, January 15, 1842. 188 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Horn, Henry. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1833. Hornbeck, John W. — He was a native of New Jersey, and a graduate of Union College, New York. Removed to Penn sylvania, and turned his attention to the profession of law. He was a member of the House of Representatives in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1 847 to 1848, and died at Allentown, Pennsylvania, January 16, 1848. Hornblower, Josiah. — Born in Staf fordshire, England, in 1729. Did not re ceive a university education, but was a great student, and made himself acquainted with many important branches of science, and adopted the profession of civil engi neering. In 1751 he came to America to build a steam engine at the copper mines near Belleville, New Jersey. This is said to have been the first engine built in North America. He became interested in miner alogy and mining. He espoused the cause of American independence; was several years in the State Legislature, serving as Speaker ; aud was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress, from 1785 to 1786. He was Justice of the Peace for a long period, and in 1796 was appointed Judge of Essex County Court, which position he held till his death, which occurred January 21, 1809. Horsey, Outerbridge. — He was a na tive of Delaware, and bom in 1777 ; after completing his classical education, he stud ied law, under James A. Bayard, and rose to eminence in his profession. He was for many years Attorney General of the State, and was a Senator in Congress, from Dela ware, from 1610 to 1821. He died at Need- wood, Maryland, June 9, 1642. ^ Horton, Thomas R.— He was born in New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1655 to 1857. Horton, Valentine B.— He was born at Windsor, Vermont, January *9, 1 602 ; was educated at Partridge's Military Academv, in that State; and after that institution wiis removed to Middletown, Connecticut, he became g teacher therein. He studied law at Middletown, and was admitted to the bar in 1630, after which he removed to and practiced Lis profession in Pittsburg. He removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1833, where he followed his profession for two years, and in 1835 removed to Pomeroy, Ohio, his present residence, where he engaged in min ing and manufacturing. He was a member of the Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1850, and in 1854 he was elected a Repre sentative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, his business affairs causing him to decline a, nomination for the next Congress. He was, however, re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tee of Ways and Means. In 1861 he was a member of the Peace Congress, held in Washington. Hosford, Jedediah. — He was born in Vermont, and having removed to New Y'ork, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Hosmer, Hezekiah L. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1797 to 1799. Hosmer, Titus. — He was a Delegate, from Connecticut, to the Continental Con gress, from 1775 to 1779, and was a signer of the Articles of Confederation. Hostetter, Jacob. — He was born in Y'ork, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Hotchkiss, Giles W.— A lawyer by pro fession; and in 1862 he was elected a Rep resentative, from New Y'ork, to the Thirty- eighth Congiess, serving as a member of the Committees on Claims, and on Private Land Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims, and Private Land Claims. Houck, Jacob, Jr. — He was bom in New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1841 to 1843. Hough, David. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1603 to 1807. ^ Hough, William J. — He was born in New Y'ork ; served in the Assembly of that State, in 1835 and 1836; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1645 to 1847. Houston, George S. — He was born in Williamson County, Tennessee, January 17, 181], but removed, when quite young, to the Fifth Congressional District of Ala bama, where he was educated, and has since resided. Soon after attaining the age of twenty-one, he was admitted to the bar, and elected to the Alabama Legislature, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 189 and served two sessions ; he was also, for a time, Attorney for the State, or Solicitor ; and was a second time elected to the Legis lature. He was elected a Representative to Congress, in 1841, and continued to serve, by successive elections, until 1849, when he voluntarily retired, for the purpose of resuming the practice of law. He was again elected to Congress, in 1851, and subsequently re-elected, serving on several of the leading Committees, and officiating during the Thirty-fifth Congress as Chair man of the Committee on the Judiciary; having, during a former session, acted as Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means. He was also a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three. With drew in February, 1861. Houston, John. — He was a Delegate from Georgia to the Continental Congress, from 1775 to 1777. Houston, John W. — Born in Sussex County, Delaware; studied at Newark Academy, and graduated at Yale College in 1634. He studied law with John M. Clayton, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. He was Secretary of State in 1841 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1845 to 1851. He was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Houston, Sam. — Born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, March 2, 1793. He lost his father when quite young, and his mother removed with her family to the banks of the Tennessee, at that time the limit of civiliza tion. Here he received but a scanty educa tion; he passed several years among the Cherokee Indians, and, in fact, through all his life, he seems to have held opinions with Rousseau, and retained a predilection for life in the wilderness. After having served for a time as clerk to a country trader, and kept a school, in 1813 he enlisted in the army, and served under General Jackson, in the war with the Creek Indians. He distinguished himself on several occasions, and at the conclusion of the war he had risen to the rank of Lieutenant, but soon resigned his commission, and commenced the study of law at Nashville. It was about this time that he began his political life. After holding several minor offices in Ten nessee, he was, iu 1823, elected to Con gress, and continued a member of that body until, in 1827, he became Governor of Tennessee. In 1829, before the expira tion of his gubernatorial term, he resigned his office, and went to take up his abode among the Cherokees in Arkansas. Dur ing his residence among the Indians, he became acquainted with the frauds prac ticed upon them by the government agents, and undertook a mission to Washington for the purpose of exposing them. In the execution of this project, he met with but little success ; he became involved in law suits, and returned to bis Indian friends. During a visit to Texas he was requested to allow his name to be used in the can vass, for a Convention which was to meet to form a Constitution for Texas, prior to its IHmissiou into the Mexican Union. He consented, and was unanimously elected. The Constitution drawn up by the Conven tion was rejected by Santa Anna, at that time in power, and the disaffection of the Texans caused thereby was still further heightened by a demand upon them to give up their arms. They determined upon a re sistance ; a militia was organized, and Aus tin, the founder of the colony, was elected commander-in-chief, in which office he was shortly after succeeded by General Houston. He conducted the war with vigor, and final ly brought it, to a successful termination by the battle of San Jacinto, which was fought in April, 1836. In May, 1836, he signed a treaty acknowledging the independence of Texas, and in October of the same year he was inaugurated the first President of the Republic. At the end of his term of office, as the same person' could not constitution ally be elected President twice iu success ion, he became a member of the Texas Con gress. In 1841, however, he was again elevated to the Presidential chair. During the whole time that he held that office it was his favorite policy to effect the annex ation of Texas to the United States, but he retired from office before he saw the con summation of his wishes. In 1846 Texas became one of the States of the Union, and General Houston was elected to the Senate, of which body he iemained a member until 1859, the close of the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving on the Cmnmittee on Indian Affairs. In 1859 he was elected Governor of Texas. Died in Huntersville, Texas, July 25, 1863. Houston, William. — He was a Dele gate from Georgia to the Continental Con gress from 1784 to 1787, and was a member of the Conveution which formed the Fede ral Constitution, but did not sign the instru ment. Houston, William C. — He graduated at Princeton College in 1768 ; was a pro fessor of mathematics in the same; and a Delegate, from New Jersey, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1779 to 1782, and again in 1784 and 1785. Died in 1788. 190 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Howard, Benjamin. — He was a Rep resentative iu Congress, from Kentucky, from 1807 to 1810, when he was appointed Governor of Indiana Territory. He was appointed Brigadier General in the United States Army in 1813 ; and was once Gov ernor of Missouri Territory. He died at St. Louis, Missouri, September 18, 1814. Howard, Benjamin C. — He was born in Maryland ; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1 809 ; and was a Representativ#in Congress, from Maryland, from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1839. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Howard, Jacob M. — He was born in Shaftsbury, Vermont, July 10, 1805; was educated at the Academies of Bennington and Brattleborough, and at Williams' Col lege, where he graduated in 1830 ; studied law, and taught in an academy in Mas sachusetts for a time ; removed to Michigan in 1832, and came to the bar of that Ter ritory in 1833; in 1838 he was a member of the Legislature of the State; from 1841 to 1843 he was a Representative in Con gress from Michigan; in 1854 he was elected Attorney General of the State, twice re-elected, and serving in all six years ; and in 1862 he was elected a Sena tor in Congress, in the place of K. S. Bingham, deceased, for the term ending in 1855, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on the Pacific Railroad, and as a member of the Committees on Military Affairs, the Judiciary, and Private Laud Claims. He was re-elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1865, and ending in 1871 ; serving on the Library Committee, that on Mines and Mining, and those on Private Land Claims, the Library, and the Special Joint Com mittee on the Rebellious States. Howard, John Eager. — He was bom June 4, 1752, in Baltimore County, Mary land ; and graduated at Princeton College. He entered the army in 1776, as a Captain in the regiment of Colonel J. C. Hall ; in the following year he was promoted, till finally he succeeded to the command of the Second Maryland Regiment. He was an efficient coadjutor of Greene during the campaign in the South, distinguishing himself at the battle of Cowpens, when, says Lee, "he seized the critical moment, and turned the fortune of the day;" also at Guilford, and the Eutaws. He was in the engagement of White Plains, German- town, Monmouth, Camden, and Hobkirk's Hill. Having been trained to the infantry service, he was remarkably apt at charg ing into close battle with fixed bayonet; at Cowpens this mode of fighting was re sorted to for the first time in the war, and in this battle he had in his hands at one time the swords of seven officers who had surrendered to him personally. On this occasion he saved the life of the British General O'Hara, whom he found clinging to his stirrup and asking quarter. When the army was disbanded he retired to bis patrimonial estate near Baltimore. In 1787 he was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress, and was in 1783 chosen Governor of Maryland, and held the office three years. He was a Senator of the United States, from Maryland, from 1796 to 1803, and was President pro tern, of the Senate in the Sixth Congress. He died October 12, 1827. Howard, Tilghman A. — Born near Pickensville, South Caroliua, November 14, 1797. He received a limited education, and commenced active life as a clerk in a store, and as a schoolmaster ; removed to Tennessee and devoted himself to the law; when twenty-seven years of age was elected a member of the Tennessee Legis lature ; was a Jackson Elector in 1830 ; during that year removed to Indiana, and was appointed, by President Jackson, Dis trict Attorney for that State ; and was ap pointed Charge d'Affaires to Texas in 1844, in which Republic he died, August 16, 1844. His term of service as a Represent ative in Congress from Indiana was from 1839 to 1841. Howard, Volney E. — He was bom in Norridgewock, Maine ; studied law ; emi grated to Mississippi, where he distin guished himself as an editor, and fought two duels, first with S. S. Prentiss, and next with Governor McNutt ; and having emigrated to Texas, was elected a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Howard William. — Born in Virginia, and was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Revisal and Un finished Business. Howard, William A — He was born in Vermont, and having taken up his resi dence in Michigan, was elected a Rep resentative, from that State, to the Thirty- fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee of Ways and Means. Having contested the seat of G. B. Cooper in 1860, he became a mem- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 191 ber of the Thirty-sixth Congress ; serving as a member of the Select Committee of Thirty-three. In 1861 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Postmaster at Detroit. Howe, John W. — He was born in New Hampshire, and having settled in Pennsyl vania, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from 1849 to 1853. Howe, Thomas M. — He was born in Vermont, and having settled in Pennsyl vania, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from 1851 to 1855. He was for many years Cashier, and then President, of the Exchange Bank of Pittsburg. Howe, Thomas Y., Jr. — He was a native of New Y'ork, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Howe, Timothy O. — Was born in Livermore, Oxford County, Maine, Feb ruary 7, 1816 ; received an academical education at the Readfield Seminary ; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1839 ; settled at Readfield, and was elected to the Legislature of Maine in 1845 ; in the latter part of that year he removed to Green Bay, Wisconsin; was elected a Circuit Judge in that State in 1850, hold ing the office until 1855, when he resigned ; and in 1861 he was elected a Senator in Congiess, from Wisconsin, for the term ending in 1867 ; serving on the Committees on Finance, Commerce, Pensions, and Claims, and as Chairman of the Com mittee on Enrolled Bills and of that on the Library. Howell, David. — Born in New Jersey ; graduated at Princeton College in 1766. Re moving to Rhode Island, he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, and afterwards of Law, in Brown's University. Practiced law in Providence, and was chosen Judge of the Supreme Court. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1782 to 1785, and in 1812 was appointed District Judge for Rhode Island, which office. he filled till his death. He died in 1824, aged seventy-seveu years. Howell, Edward. — He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1 832, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. Howell, Elias. — He was born in New Jersey, and having taken up his residence in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1835 to 1837. Howell, Jeremiah B. — He was a na tive of Rhode Island, and graduated at Brown University in 1789 ; was a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1811 to 1817, and died in 1822. Howell, Nathaniel. — He graduated at Princeton College in 1788, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815, and died at Canan daigua, New York, October 16, 1851, aged eighty-one years. Howland, Benjamin. — He was a na tive of Rhode Island ; was a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1804 to 1809, and died 6th of May, 1821. Howley, Richard. — He was a Dele gate from Georgia to the Continental Con gress from 1780 to 1781. Hubard, Edmund W.— He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress from that State, from 1841 to 1847. Hubbard, Asahel W. — He was born in Haddam, Connecticut, January 1 8, 1819 ; received adistrict school education; removed to Indiana in 1838, and taught school for a time ; studied law and came to the bar in 1841 ; in 1847 he was elected to the Indiana Legislature, and served three years ; in 1857 he removed to Iowa, and was chosen Judge of the Fourth Judicial District of that State; and in 1 862 he was elected a Representative, from Iowa, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and of the Special Commit tee to visit the Indian Tribes of the West. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Ex penditures and Indian Affairs. Hubbard, Chester D. — He was born in Hamden, Connecticut, November 25, 1814 ; removed with his parents to Western Pennsylvania in 1815; thence to Wheeling, Virginia, in 1819 ; graduated at the Wes- leyan University in 1840; was engaged in the lumber, iron, and banking business ; in 1852 and 1853 he was a member of the Virginia Legislature; was a member of the Richmond Convention of 1861, and also of the Wheeling Convention of the same year ; served one term in the Senate of Western Virginia after its organization ; was a Del egate to the Baltimore Convention of 1860 ; was the Commissioner from West Virginia to the Soldiers' National Cemetery, and was elected a Representative from Wes- Virginia to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufac tures and on Banking and Currency. 192 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Hubbard, David. — He was bom in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1839 to 1841, and for a second term, from 1649 to 1851. Hubbard, Demas, Jr. — Born in Win- field, County of Herkimer, New Y'ork, January 17, 1806 ; received an academical education; was devoted to farming and the practice of law ; was for many years Supervisor of Chenango county, and" four years Chairman of the Board; from 1838 to 1-40 he was a member of the State Le gislature; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from New Y'ork to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Hubbard, Henry. — He was born in Charlestown, New Hampshire, May 3, 1764 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1803; studied law, and commenced practice in Charlestown. He came early into pub lic life. He was frequently a member of the State Legislature, and for some years Speaker of the House. He was Judge of Probate for Sullivan County, from 1627 to 1629; a Representative in Congress, from 1829 to 16,75; aud a Senator in Congress from 1635 to 1841. He was also Governor of New Hampshire, in 1642 and 1643; and from 1646 to 1849 United States Assistant Treasurer in Boston. For a part of the time, during the Twenty-eighth Congress, he was chosen Speaker of the House of Representatives. He died at Charlestown, New Hampshire, June 5, 1,657. Hubbard, John H. — He was born in Salisbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, in 1605 ; received a good common school education; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1626. and was a regular practitioner of his profession until 1655. For five years he was Attorney for the county of Litchfield; was twice elected to the State Senate; and early in 1663 he was elected a Representative, from Con necticut, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Patents, and Expenditures in the Post Office Depart ment. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals and on Patents. Hubbard, Jonathan H. — Bom in 1766. He was one of the oldest and most esteemed citizens of Vermont, and was distinguished as a jurist; he was a Representative in Congress, from 1809 to 1811, and for many years was one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Vermont. His death occurred where most of his life was spent, at Wind sor, Vermont, September 20, 1849. Hubbard, Levi— He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1815; a State Senator in 1806, 1607, 1611, and 1816; also for some years a County Treasurer ; a State Coun cillor in 1819; a Presidential Elector in 1620 and 1828; having also been in 1804 and 1805 a member of the State Assembly. Hubbard Samuel Dickinson.— Born at Middletown, Connecticut, August 10, 1799^ and died at the same place, October 8, 1655. Graduated at Yale College in 1819; studied law, but did not practice, devoting himself chiefly to the manufac turing business. He served as a Repre sentative through the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses. In 1852 he was ap pointed Postmaster General, and held the office until the close of President Fill more's administration, after which he re tired to private life. He was zealous in the cause of education, and assisted in the establishment of the City High School at Middletown. Hubbard, Thomas H— He was a na tive of New Haven, Connecticut, and a graduate of Yale College in 1793. He studied law, and settled at Hamilton, Madison County, New Y'ork, and was there Surrogate for ten years. In 1623 he removed to Utica, aud was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1617 to 1,6 19, and from 1821 to 1823. He was chosen Presidential Elector in 1612, 1844, and 1852. He died in Utica, May 22, 1857, aged seventy-six years. Hubbell, Edwin N — He was born in Coxsackie, New York, August 13. 1815: received an academical education; was chiefly devoted to the pursuits of manu facturing and farming; held for a time the office of County Supervisor; and in 1664 was elected a Representative, from New Y'ol'k, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Manufactures and Expenditures in the War Depart ment. Hubbell, James R. — He was born in Delaware County, Ohio, in 1624 ; received an ordinary education; adopted the pro fession of law ; served four times in the State Legislature, and twice as Speaker of the House ; was a Presidential Elector in l'"!56; and in 1864 he was elected a Rep resentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-ninth BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 193 Congress, serving on the Committees on the War Department and Agriculture. Hubbell, William S. — He was bom in New York ; was a member of the As sembly of that State in 1841 ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from the same, from 1843 to 1845. Hubley, Edward B.— From 1835 to 1839 a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania ; and died February 23, 1856, in Philadelphia. Hudson, Charles. — Born in Marlbo rough, Massachusetts, November 14, 1795. He spent his youth as a student in a vil lage school, and also as a teacher, and at the age of twenty-one was a day laborer on a farm. In 1819 he was licensed as a Preacher of the Universalist persuasion; was a member of the Massachusetts Legis lature from 1828 to 1833 ; a State Senator from 1833 to 1839 ; a State Councillor from 1839 to 1841 ; and was elected to Congress in 1841, where he remained until 1849. He was • subsequently appointed Naval Officer for Boston, Massachusetts, by the Federal Government, serving from 1 849 to 1853. Hufty, Jacob. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1809 to 1814. , Huger, Benjamin. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1799 to 1805, and for a second term from 1815 to 1817. Huger, Daniel. — He was a member of the Continental Congress, and a Repre sentative in the Congress of the United States, from South Carolina, from 1789 to 1793. Huger, Daniel Elliot. — Was a citizen of Charleston, South Carolina ; graduated at Princeton College in 1798; and for nearly half a century was identified with the public service of his State, as a mem ber of the Legislature, State Senate, and Judge of her Courts ; and was a Senator in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1843 to 1846. He died in Charleston, in August, 1854. Hughes, Charles. — He was bom in Georgia, and having settled in New York, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. In 1862 he was appointed Provost Marshal for the Sixteenth District of New York. 13 Hughes, George W.-^-He was elected a Representative, from Maryland, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department. Hughes, James. — He was bom at Hampstead, Maryland, November 24, 1823, and was educated at the State Uni versity of Indiana. He began the practice of law at Bloomington, Indiana, in 1842; was appointed First Lieutenant of the Six teenth Regiment of United States infantry, one of the ten regiments in the Mexican war, and served till the close of the war, and then returned to the practice of law in Bloomington. He was elected Circuit Judge, in 1852, for six years ; in 1853 was elected Professor of Law in the University of Indiana, and served three years. He was elected a Representative, from In diana, in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Territories. In 1861 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, a Judge of the Court of Claims, which he resigned in 1865. In May, 1866, he was appointed, by President Johnson, a Cotton Agent for tbe Treasury Department. Hughes, James M. — He was a native of Kentucky, and a Representative in Con gress, from Missouri, from 1843 to 1845. Hughes, Thomas H. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1829 to 1833. Hughston, Jonas A. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Huguenin, DanieL— He was born in Montgomery County, New York, and was distinguished as an officer in the war of 1812, and participated in the stirring events on the Niagara frontier, and the battle of Queenstown, with General Scott, where he was taken prisoner. He was a member of Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827 ; and a member of the New York Legislature, and at a later period United States Marshal for the Territory of Wisconsin, under an appointment from President Harrison. He died at Kenosha, Wisconsin, June, 1850, aged fifty-nine. Hulbert, John W. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1814 to 1817. Hulburd, Calvin T. — He was born in Stockholm, St. Lawrence County, New 194 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Y'ork, June 5, 1809 ; graduated at Middle- bury College, Vermont ; read law at Y'ale College, and adopted the occupation of farming; was a member of the State Legislature from 1842 to 1844, and again in 1862 ; and in the latter year was elected a Representative, from New Y'ork, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture, and as Chair man of the Committee on Pubhc Expendi tures. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Library, and as Chairman of the Commit tee on Public Expenditures. Humphrey, Charles. — He was bom in Orange County, New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Congress, from New Yoik, from 1825 to 1827, and subsequently served four years iu the Assembly of that State, one year as Speaker. He died at Albany, July 18, 1850, aged fifty-nine years. Humphrey, James. — Bom in Fairfield, Connecticut, October 9, 1611; graduated at Amherst College in 1631, of which his father, Rev. Heman Humphrey, was for many years President; had charge, in 1832, of Plainfield Academy, in Connecti cut ; studied law, and settled for practice in Louisville, Kentucky, where he re mained only one year. In 1638 he re moved to the city of New Y'ork, where he practiced his profession; and in lc56 he was elected a Representative, from New Y'ork, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and of the Select Commit tee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. During the summer of 1665 he visited Europe on a tour of pleasure. In the Thirty-ninth Congress he served on the Committee on Commerce, and as Chair man of the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department. Died in Brooklyn, New Y'ork, June 16, 1666. Humphrey, J. M.— He was born in Holland, Erie County, New Y'ork, Sep- tember21, 1619; received a common school education ; adopted the profession of law ; was District Attorney for Erie County in 1857, 1658, and 1659; was a member of the State Senate from 1663 to 1665; and was elected a Representative, from New Y'ork, to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce and the Special Committee on the Civil Service. In lc65 he was President of the Demo cratic State Convention. Humphrey, Reuben. — He was for four years a Senator in the Legislature of New York, from Onondaga County ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1807 to 1809. Humphreys, Charles. — He was a Dele gate, from Pennsylvania, to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1776. Humphreys, Jacob. — He was a Kep- resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1819 to 1821. Humphreys, Perry W. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Tennes see, from 1813 to 1615. Hungerford, John O. — He was an officer in the Revolutionary War, and a member of Congress, from Virginia, from 1613 to 1817. He died at Twiford, in Westmoreland County, December 21, 1833, aged seventy-four years. Hungerford, Orville. — He was born in Connecticut in 1790, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1843 to 1847. He died at Water- town, April 6, 1855. Hunt, Hiram P. — He was bom in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1635 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1643. Hunt, James B. — He was a native of New Y'ork, and for many years law partner with Michael Hoffman. He removed to Michigan about the time of its admission into the Union, and was soon' called to re sponsible public trusts. He was a mem ber of Congress, from Michigan, from 1843 to 1847. He died in Washington, August 15, 1657, aged fifty-eight years. Hunt, Jonathan. — He represented the State of Vermont in Congress, from 1627 to 1632, serving on the Committee on Pub lic Lands, and died at Washington, May 14, of the latter year. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1807. Hunt, Samuel. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1802 to f805. Hunt, Theodore G. — He was bom in South Carolina, and was a Representative in the Thirty-third Congress, from Louisiana. Hunt, "Washington.— Bom in Wind ham, Greene County, New Y'ork, August 5, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 195 1811. At the age of eighteen he entered upon the study of law, and was admitted to the bar at Lockport in 1834. In 1836 he was appointed first Judge of Niagara County, aud was a Representative in Con gress, from 1843 to 1849, serving during his last term as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce. In 1849 he was elected Comptroller of New York, and, in 1850, Governor of the State. Since that time he has lived in retirement upon > a handsome farm near Lockport, dividing his attention between his friends, his books, and the pursuits of horticulture. He was a Dele gate to the Chicago Convention in 1864. Hunter, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1793 to 1795, and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1795 to 1796. Hunter, Naisworthy. — He was a Dele gate in Congress, from the Territory of Mis sissippi, from 1801 to 1802. Died March 11, 1802. Hunter, Robert M. T. — He was born in Essex County, Virginia, April 21, 1809 ; was educated at the University of Virginia; adopted the profession of law and came to the bar in 1830 ; served three years in the State Legislature ; and was first elected a Representative in Congress, from his native State, in 1837, when he served two terms, and was re-elected in 1845, officiating dur ing the Twenty-sixth Congress as Speaker. In 1847 he was elected a Senator in Con gress for a long term, and re-elected for the term ending in 1859, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Finance, and as a member of the Committees on the Library, and on the Pacific Railroad. He was je elected to the Senate in 1859 for another long term, but was expelled July, 1861. He took part in the Rebellion as Secretary of State, and a member of Congress in the . Rebel government. After the Rebellion be was arrested as a prisoner of State, but re leased on his parole. Hunter, William. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1817 to 1819. He was also a member of the State Legislature in 1807 and 1809, and a State Councillor in 1809, 1814, and 1815. Hunter, William. — Born in Newport, Rhode Island, November 23, 1775; gradu ated at Brown University in 1 791 ; went to London, and studied medicine, but soon changed to the law, and entered at the Inner Temple in London ; and on his re turn to Newport, at the age of twenty-one, was admitted to the bar. In 1799 he was a Representative in the General Assembly of Rhode Island, and re-elected at different periods from that time to the year 1811, when he was chosen a Senator in Congress, and held his seat till 1821. His speeches, especially those on the acquisition of Flori da, and the Missouri Compromise, won him a high reputation as a sagacious states man and finished orator. In 1834 he was Charge to Brazil, an office which was, in 1842, raised to a full mission, and he was continued as Minister till 1845, when he retired from public life, and resided at Newport until bis death, which occurred December 3, 1849. Hunter, William P. — He was born in Alexandria, Virginia, December 10, 1808 ; had few educational advantages ; practiced the trade of a cabinetmaker until 1 840 ; and having studied law, removed to Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853; since which time he has devoted himself to his profession. Hunter, 'William G. — He was bom in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1844. Hunter, William H. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1837 to 1839. Huntington, Abel. — He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, but at an early age removed to East Hampton, Long Island, and for sixty years was a practicing physi cian. He was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1833 to 1837. He was Collector of Sag Harbor, under President Polk ; and member of the New York Constitutional Convention of 1846. He died at East Hampton, May 18, 1858, aged eighty -two years. Huntington, Benjamin. — Was a na tive of Norwich, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1761 , and practiced law in his native town. He was a Judge of the Superior Court of the State, from 1793 to 1798, and was a member of the Conti nental Congress, from 1780 to 1784, and also from 1787 to 1788 ; and a Representa tive in Congress, under the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791. He was Mayor of Nor wich for twelve years, and he died in 1800. Received from Dartmouth College the de gree of LL.B. Huntington, Ebenezer. — He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, and died there in 196 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. May, 1834, aged ninety-seven years. He graduated at Y'ale College in 1775 ; joined the army the same year as a volunteer ; was soon commissioned as a Lieutenant; in 1776 he was appointed a Captain, and also, deputy Adjutant General ; in 1777 a Major; in 1779 a Lieutenant Colonel ; and he was present at the surrender of Cornwallis, at Yorktown. He was twice elected to Con gress, from Connecticut, serving from 1810 to 1811, and again from 1617 to 1819. In 1799 he was, at the recommendation of Washington, appointed a Brigadier Gene ral in the army raised by Congress, when expectations were entertained of a war with France. Huntington, Jabez W. — Born in Nor wich, Connecticut, November 6, 1788, and graduated at Y'ale College in 1806. He studied law at Litchfield, and commenced to practice there, where he remained thirty years. In 1828 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1829 was a Representa tive in Congress ; which office he filled until 1834, when he removed to Norwich, and became a Judge of the Supreme Court of Errors, and was chosen a Judge of the Superior Court of his State. He was a Senator in Congress from 1840 until his death, which occurred at Norwich, Novem ber 1, 1847. Huntington, Samuel. — He was bora in Windham, Connecticut, July 3, 1732; although not liberally educated, he acquired a knowledge of law and early came to the bar ; settled in Norwich and became emi nent in his profession ; in 1764 he was elected to the General Assembly of the State; in 1765 was appointed King's At torney; in 1774 was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court ; in 1775 elected to the Council ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and of the Articles of Confederation ; was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress, from 1776 to 1784, serv ing as President in 1779; in 1784 he was appointed Chief Justice ; and he was Gov ernor of the State of Connecticut from 1786 to 1796, and died January 5th, in the latter year. Huntsman, Adam.— He was a na tive of Virginia, and a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1635 to 1837. Hutchins, John. — Born in Vienna Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, July 25, 1812; was chiefly educated by private tutors, although he spent one year at the Western Reserve College ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837; in 1838 was appointed Clerk of the Court of Com mon Pleas for Trunibull County, holding the position five years; in 1849 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature ; served a number of years as a Bank Director ; and in 1656 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Manufactures. Hutchins, Wells A. — Was born in Hartford, Trumbull County, Ohio, October 8, 1818 ; received a common school educa tion ; taught school for several years in Ohio and Indiana ; studied law, and came to the bar in his twenty- third year; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1851 ; in 1862 he was appointed one of the six Provost Marshals for Ohio ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Hutson, Richard. — He graduated at Princeton College in 1865; was a Dele gate, from South Carolina, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1778 to 1779, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. Huyler, John. — He was bom in New York, and baring become a citizen of New Jersey, was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that State, and was a member of the Committee on Agri culture. Hyneman, John M. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1611 to 1613, when he resigned, and D. Udree was elected in his place. He was a member of the Legislature of Penn sylvania in 1609. In 1810, was commis sioned Clerk of the Orphans' Court of Berks County, and remained in that office for six years. In 1814, was commissioned County Surveyor, and remained in that office for ten years. Erne, Peter. — He was a native of Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1833. Esley, Daniel. — Bom in Falmouth, Massachusetts, in 1740 ; was a distiller by occupation ; served three years in the State Legislature ; was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1807 to 1809. Died in 1813. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 197 Imlay, James H. — He graduated at Princeton College in 1786 ; was for a time tutor in that institution ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1797 to 1801. Inge, Samuel W. — He was bom in North Carolina, and on removing to Ala bama was elected a Representative in Con- fress, from that State, from 1847 to 185 J. ubsequently removed to California and practiced law. Inge, William M. — He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. Ingersoll, Charles J. — Born in Phila delphia, October 3, 1.782 ; received a liberal education ; was a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1815, when he was appointed United Stated District Attorney for Pennsylvania, which he held until 1829. In 1837, he was ap pointed Secretary of Legation to Prussia. He was afterwards re-elected a Represen tative in Congress, from 1841 to 1847, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He published a "His tory of the Second American War with Great Britain," and several other works of minor importance, including some poetry. He also served as a member of various Internal Improvement Conventions ; and in 1847 was appointed by President Polk Minister to France, but was rejected by the Senate. Died in Philadelphia, May 14, 1862. Was brother of Joseph R. Ingersoll. Ingersoll, Colin M. — He was born in Connecticut in 1820 ; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law; was Secretary of Legation at St. Petersburg, by appointment of President Polk ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Connecticut, from 1851 to 1855. Ingersoll, Ebon C. — Born in Oneida County, New York, December 12, 1831 ; removed with his father to Illinois in 1843 ; finished his education at Paducah, Ken tucky; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854 ; in 1856 he was elected to the Illinois Legislature; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, for the unex pired term of Owen Lovejoy; re-elected to the Thiity-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Ingersoll Jared. — He was bora in 1749 ; graduated at Yale College in 1766 ; attained high rank as a lawyer ; was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Conti nental Congress, in 1780 and 1781 ; Mem ber of the Convention which framed the Federal Constitution, and signed that in strument ; was for many years Attorney General for Pennsylvania; and Judge of the District Court of the United States at the time of his death, which occurred in 1822. In 1812 he was the Federal candi date for the office of Vice President ; and he received from Yale College the degree of LL.D. Ingersoll, Joseph R. — Born in Phila delphia, June 14, 1786 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1804; a lawyer by profession, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1835 to 1837 ; and from 1842 to 1649, and for a time Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. He was appointed by President Fillmore Minister to England. The titles of LL.D. and D.C.L. Oxon. were conferred upon him. Ingersoll, Ralph J. — He was born in New Haven, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1808 ; served in the Legis lature of Connecticut ; was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 1833, and was appointed, by Presi dent Polk, Minister Plenipotentiary to Rus- Ingham, Samuel.— He was born in Hebron, Connecticut, September 5, 1793; received a good English education in Ver mont, and studied law in Connecticut, having been admitted to the bar in 1815; and in 1817 he settled at Say brook, which has since been his home. From 1827 to 1835 he was State's Attorney for the County of Middlesex, and again in 1843 and 1844 ; he was a Judge of Probate from 1 829 to 1833 ; Judge of the Middlesex County Court from 1849 to 1853 ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1835 to 1839, having officiated as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and as a member of the Committee on Commerce. He also served a number of years in the Senate and House of Representatives of Connecticut, three years as Speaker, and was one year Clerk of the House ; he was appointed in 1837, by the State, as agent to prosecute certain claims against the United States, and was successful ; and in 1857 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Commissioner of Customs. In 1854 he was a candidate for the office of United States Senator, and received the entire vote of his 198 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. party in the Legislature, but Senator Fos ter was elected. Ingham, Samuel D. — He was born in Pennsylvania, September 16, 1773; re ceived a good education ; had the manage ment for some years of a paper-mill in Eastern New Jersey ; served three years in the Pennsylvania Legislature ; held for a time the office of Prothonotary to one of the Courts of that State ; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1818, and from 1822 to 1829, serving as Chairman of several Committees, when he was appointed, by President Jack son, Secretary of the Treasury. Died at Trenton, New Jersey, June 5, 1860. Iredell, James.— Born in Chowan County, North Carolina, in 1788, and graduated at Princeton College in 1806. fie was for several years in the Legislature of that State, part of the time Speaker of the House; in 1812 commanded a com pany of volunteers, who went to Norfolk to repel the British; in 1819 he was ap pointed Judge of the Superior Court ; in 1827 was elected Governor of North Caro lina ; and was a Senator in Congress, from 1828 to 1831. Toward the close of his life he was a Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court, and died at Edenton, April 13, 1853. Irvin, Alexander. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Irvin, James. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1845. Irvin, William W. — He was a mem ber of the State Legislature of Ohio, and Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 1833. He died at Lan caster, Ohio, April, 1642. Irvine, William. — Born in Ireland; educated for the medical profession ; served as surgeon on board of a British ship, in the war which began in 1754, and after the peace of 1763, settled at Carlisle, Pennsyl vania. In 1774 he was a member of the State Convention; in 1776 he served in Canada, and accompanied Colonel Thomp son from Sorelle to dislodge the enemy from Trois Rivieres; but was taken pris oner, June 16, and remained as such at. Quebec until exchanged in 1778. On his release he was promoted to the command of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment, and in 1781 the defence of the northwestern frontier was intrusted to him, and he at tained the rank of Major General. He was a Presidential Elector in 1797 ; was a Re presentative in Congress, after the war, from 1793 to 1795. He was a Commis sioner during the Whiskey Insurrection of 1794, and removed shortly after to Phila delphia, and was appointed Superintendent of Military Stores. He died July 30, 1804, aged sixty-three years. He was also a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Conti nental Congress, from 1786 to 1788. Irvine, William. — He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on the Militia. Irving, William. — He was bom in the city of New York, August 16, 1766 ; from 1767 to 1791 was an Indian trader on the Mohawk ; was subsequently a merchant in New York City, and a Representative in Congress, from 1813 to 1819, and a mem ber of the Committee of Commerce and Manufactures. He was a brother of Wash ington Irving, for whose "Salmagundi" he wrote several poems and essays. He was distinguished for his colloquial powers, and was a popular as well as an influen tial member of Congress, but he resigned before the expiration of his term, on ac count of his health. He died November 9, 1821. Irwin, Jared. — He was a member of the Convention which adopted the Consti tution of 1769 ; was Governor of Georgia, from 1796 to 1798, and also from 1806 to 1809. He removed to Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1817, and died March 1, 1818, aged sixty-eight years. Irwin, Thomas. — He was born in Penn sylvania, aud was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1629 to 1831, and was in the latter year appointed, by President Jackson, United States Judge of the Western District of Pennsylvania. Irwin, William W. — He was a mem ber of Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841 to 1843; and from 1843 to 1847 he was Charg<5 d'Affaires of the United States to Denmark. He died in Pittsburg, Sep tember 15, 1856. Isaacs, Jacob C. — He was bom in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1833. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 199 Iverson, Alfred. — Bom in Burke Coun ty, Georgia, December 3, 1798; graduated at Princeton College in 1820; a lawyer by profession ; served three years as a member of the House of Representatives and one year as Senator in the Legislature of Georgia. Twice elected Judge of the Su preme Court of that State for terms of three and four years ; was one of the Electors at large in the Presidential election of 1844 ; elected a Representative to the Thirtieth Congress, and served two years. In 1854 he was elected to the United States Senate for six years, from March 4, 1855, and for a long time acted as Chairman of the Com mittee on Claims, and as a member of the Committees on Military Affairs and the Pacific Railroad. Withdrew in February, 1861, and joined the Great Rebellion. Ives, Willard — He was born in Water- town, New York, July 7, 1806 ; received a good English education ; is a farmer by occupation; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1851 to 1853. In 1846 he was elected by the Methodist Episcopal Church a Delegate to the Christian World's Convention, which was held in London. Izard Ralph — A Senator of the United States, from South Carolina, from 1789 to 1795; President of the Senate pro tern. during the first session of the Third Con gress; and a distinguished and eloquent statesman. In the judgment of Washing ton, no man was more honest in public life. He died at South Bay, May 30, 1804, aged sixty-six years. Jack William. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Jackson, Andrew. — Born at the Wax- saw Settlement, North Carolina, March 15, 1767. When fourteen years of age he left the academy where he had been placed and entered the Revolutionary army, and at the age of twenty-one established himself as a lawyer in Western North Carolina. When that part of the country became a Territory, in 1790, President Washington appointed him Attorney of the United States for the new district. When said Territory was formed into the State of Tennessee, he was a member of the Convention which drew up the new Constitution, and he was immediately chosen a Representative in Congress, serving one term, when he was transferred to the United States Senate, where he continued until 1798. His next public position was that of Judge of the Supreme Court; and having been chosen Major General of one of the divisions of the Tennessee militia, he retained the office until 1814, when he went into the regular army with the same rank. He was as signed to the command of the army at New Orleans, and January 8, 1815, ob tained his famous victory over the British. In 1817-18 he conducted the Seminole war in Florida, and soon after retired from the army. In 1823 he was again elected a Senator in Congress, and remained there two years. He was elected President in 1828, and re-elected in 1832. The events which marked his administration were the difficulties with France, the suppression of the Nullification movement in South Caro lina, the Indian war in Florida, and the removal of the deposits from the United States Bank. He retired to private life in 1836, and in the peaceful shades of the Hermitage, in Tennessee, he died, June 8, 1845. That he was a remarkable man is the undisputed verdict of his countrymen throughout the Union. Jackson, David. — He was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Con gress from 1785 to 1766. Jackson, David S. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1848. Jackson, Ebenezer, jr. — He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, to fill an un expired term, from 1834 to 1835. Jackson, Edward B. — He was born in Harrison County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1820 to 1823, his first term hav ing been in continuation of that filled by James Pindale, resigned. Died September 8, 1826. Jackson, Jabez. — He was born in Georgia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1836 to 1839. Jackson, James. — Born in Devon, England, in 1757, and came to this coun try in 1772. Early in the American Revo lution he joined the army; in 1778 was made Brigade Major ; and in 1781 com manded the Legionary Corps of the State of Georgia. When the British evacuated Savannah, July 12, 1782, he received the keys. For his various services, the As sembly of the State presented him with a house and lot in Savannah. On the return 200 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. of peace he engaged with success in the practice of law ; in 1780 he fought a duel with Lieutenant Governor Wells, whom he slew, but was wounded himself in both knees ; and he was a member of the Con vention which formed the first Constitution of Georgia. He was chosen a Representa tive in Congress in 1789 from Georgia, and soon after a Senator, which office he re signed in 1795. He was Major General of the Georgia militia, and Governor of the State from 1798 till his election as Senator in 1801. He died March 18, 1806, aged forty-eight years. Jackson, James. — He was born in Jefferson County, Georgia, in 1819 ; grad uated at the University of Georgia in 1837 ; and having studied law, commenced the practice in 1840. In 1842 he was elected Secretary of the Senate of Georgia, hold ing the office one year; in 1845 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re elected to the same position in 1847 ; in 1849 he was chosen by the Legislature Judge of the Western Circuit of his State, and was elected to the same office by the people in 1353, and again in 1857. In June of that year he was nominated for Con gress, resigned his judgeship, and in Octo ber following was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committees on Claims and Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected to the Thirt3'-sixth Congress. Resigned in Feb ruary, 1861, and returned to Georgia. Jackson, James S. — He was born in Madison County, Kentucky, and adopted the profession of law. He served in the Mexican war as a Captain of volunteers. In 1861 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Congress; but, while the Rebellion was progressing, be recruited a regiment of Kentucky cavalry; was subsequently ap pointed a Brigadier General, and was killed at the battle of Perryville, in 1662, bravely fighting in the service of his country. Jackson, John G. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1795 to 1797, from 1799 to 1810, and again from 1813 to 1817. Jackson, Jonathan. — He was a Dele gate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress in 1762. Jackson, Joseph W. — He was fre quently a member of the City Council of Savannah ; at one time Mayor of the city ; served a number of years in the State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1850 to 1853. Died at Savannah, December 28, 1854. Jackson, Richard, jr. — Born in 1764, and died at Proyidence, April 18, 1838. He was a member of Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1808 to 1815. In early life he was engaged in mercantile business, and was among the first in this country who embarked in the manufacture of cotton. He filled several important public offices, and was distinguished for his benevolence. Jackson, Thomas B. — He was bom in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841 ; and was also for three years a mem-' ber of the Assembly of New York. Jackson, William. — He was bora in Massachusetts, September 6, 1783; was one of the pioneers of railroad enterprise in Massachusetts ; and from 1334 to 1837, and 1841 to 1843, was a Representative in Congress from that State. He was also a member of the State Legislature from 1829 to 1632, and at the time of his death President of the Newton Bank. He died a Newton, Massachusetts, February 27, 1855. Jackson, W. T.— Bora in Chester, Orange County, New York, December 29, 1794 ; received a common school educa tion; and has been chiefly employed in mercantile business. He was Justice of the Peace several years in Havana, New Y'ork, and held the office of County Judge four years. In 1348 he was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, and served one term. Jacobs, Israel — He was bom in Ger many, and was a Representative iu Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1791 to 1793. James, Charles T. — Was bom in West Greenwich, Rhode Island, in 1806 ; re ceived a limited education; early turned his attention to mechanics as connected with the cotton interest ; wrote a series of papers on the culture and manufacture ot cotton in the South ; received the degree of M.A. from Brown University in 1838; and he was a Senator in Congress, from 1851 to 1 857 , from Rhode Island . He subsequently invented a rifled cannon, and he met his death from the explosion of a shell of his own invention, while trying experiments at Sag Harbor, New Y'ork, October 17, 1862. James, Francis. — He was a native of Pennsylvania, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 201 Jameson, John. — He was born in Ken tucky, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Missouri, from 1830 to 1831, and again from 1843 to 1845, and for another term from 1847 to 1849. Janes, Henry P. — He was born at Brimfield, Hampden County, Massachu setts, in October, 1792; studied law in Montpelier, Vermont, and was admitted to the bar in Washington County in 1817, and commenced to practice at Waterbury in that year. From 1820 to 1830 he was Postmaster at Warterbury ; he was a mem ber of the Legislative Council from 1830 to 1834, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Vermont, from 1835 to 1837. He was State Treasurer from 1838 to 1841 ; a member of the Council of Censors in 1848; and a member of the Legislature, from Waterbury, in 1855; since which time he has practiced his profession. Jarnagin, Spencer. — Born in Granger County, Tennessee ; graduated at Green ville College in 1813; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1817 ; and was United States Senator, from Tennessee, from 1841 to 1847. He died in Memphis, Tennessee, June 24, 1851. Jarvis, Leonard. — He was born in 1782 ; graduated at Harvard University in in 1800 ; and died in Surry, Maine, Septem ber 18, 1854. He was Sheriff of Hancock County, from 1821 to 1829 ; Collector of Customs for the Penobscot District from 1829 to 1831 ; and a Representative in Con gress, from Maine, from 1831 to 1837, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs. From 1838 to 1841 he held the office of Navy Agent for the Port of Boston. Jay, John. — Was born in New York, December 12, 1745 ; graduated at Kings College in 1764 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1768 ; and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, and from 1778 to 1779. In 1776 he was recalled from Congress to aid in forming the Government of New York, and for that reason he was not present to sign the De claration of Independence. From 1777 to 1779 he was Chief Justice of the State, but resigned to fill the post of President of Congress ; in 1779 he was appointed Min ister to Spain ; was a commissioner to nego tiate peace with England ; signed the definitive treaty at Paris in 1783; and was appointed by Congress Secretary of State. Though not a member, he aided at the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution; he also assisted Hamilton and Madison in editing the "Federalist;" and in 1789 he was appointed by Wash ington Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, which he resigned in 1794 to accept the mission to Engiand, when he negotiated the treaty which bears his name. He was Governor of New York from 1795 to 1801, after which he retired to private life. Died in 1829. Jayne, William. — Born in Springfield, Illinois, October 8, 1826 ; adopted the pro fession of medicine, and practiced eleven years in Springfield ; in 1859 was elected Mayor of that city ; was elected to the State Senate in 1860 and 1861 : during the latter year was appointed Governor of Dakota Territory; and in 1862 he was elected a Delegate from Dakota to the Thirty-eighth Congress. After occupying his seat for -some time, he was superseded by J. B. S. Todd. Jefferson, Thomas. — He was born at Shadwell, Virginia, in 1743. His education was principally conducted by private tutors, although he passed two years at the College of William and Mary. He adopted the law as his profession ; was a member of the Legislature of Virginia from 1769 to the commencement of the American Revolu tion. In 1775 he was a Delegate in Con gress; and on May 15, 1776, the Conven tion of Virginia instructed their delegates to propose a Declaration of Independence. In June, Mr. Lee accordingly made the motion, and it was voted that a committee be appointed to prepare one. The com mittee was elected by ballot, and consisted of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benja min Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston. The Declaration was ex clusively the work of Jefferson, to whom the right of draughting it belonged, as Chair man of the Committee, though alterations and amendments were made in it by Adams, Franklin, and other members of the Com mittee, and afterwards by Congress. Jef ferson retired from Congress September, 1776, and took a seat in the Legislature of his State in October. In 1779 he was chosen Governor, and held the office two years. He declined a foreign appointment in 1776, and again in 1781. He accepted the appointment of one of the Commis sioners for negotiating peace, but before he sailed, news was received of the signing of the provisional treaty, and he was excused from proceeding on the mission. He re turned to Congress. In 1784 he wrote notes on the establishment of a money- unit, and of a coinage "for the United 202 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. States; in May of that year he was ap pointed, with Adams and Franklin, a Min ister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties of commerce with foreign nations. In 1785 he was Minister to the French Court. In 1789 he returned to America, and re ceived from Washington the appointment of Secretary of State, which he held till December, 1793, and then resigned. In September, 1794, when an appointment was offered him by Washington, he re plied, "No circumstance will ever more tempt me to engage in anything public." Notwithstanding this determination, he suffered himself to be a candidate for Pres ident, and was chosen Vice-President in 1796. At the election in 1801 he and Aaron Burr having an equal number of electoral votes, the House of Representatives, after a severe struggle, finally determined in his favor. He was re-elected in 1 805. At the end of his second term he retired from office. He died July 4, 1 826, at one o'clock in the afternoon, just fifty years from the date of the Declaration of Independence. Preparations had been made throughout the United States to celebrate this day as a jubilee ; and it is a most remarkable fact, that on the same day John Adams, a signer with Jefferson of the Declaration, and the second on the Committee for draughting it, and his immediate predeces sor in the office of President, also died. Jefferson's publications were: Summary View of the Rights of British America, 1774; Declaration of Independence, 1776; Notes on Virginia, 1761 ; Manual of Par liamentary Practice, for the Use of the Senate ; Life of Captain Lewis, 1814 ; and some papers of a philosophical character. His works, chiefly letters, were first pub lished by his grandson, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, four volumes, 8vo., 1829. Jenckes, Thomas A— He was bom in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1818; gradu ated at Brown University in 1838 ; studied law and piacticed the profession until elect ed, in 1663, a Representative, from Rhode Island, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Pa tents, and the Special Committee on the Bankrupt Law, having drawn up the bill on that subject. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress ; serving on the Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, and as Chairman of the Committee on Patents. He was also Chairman of a Special Com mittee on the Civil Service. Jenifer, Daniel of St. Thomas.— He was a Delegate from Maryland to the Con tinental Congress from 1778 to 1782, and was also a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument. His son, bearing the same name, was a member of the Federal Congress. Jenifer, Daniel — Was frequently a member of the State Legislature of Mary land, and represented that State in Con gress, from 1831 to 1633, and from 1835 to 1641. During the administrations of Pres idents Harrison and Tyler he was the United States Minister to Austria. He died December 18, 1855, near Port To bacco, Maryland. Jenkins, Albert G. — Was bom in Cabell County, Virginia, November 10, 1830; graduated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, and in law at Cambridge; in 1 850 ; never practiced law. but has been devoted to agricultural pursuits ; was a member of the Cincinnati National Con vention in 1856; and was elected a Rep resentative, from Virginia, to the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Militia ; and also to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same Committee. He subsequently served as a Brigadier General in the Rebel service, and was killed at the Battle of the Wilderness. Jenkins, Lemuel. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1825. Jenkins, Robert. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1807 to 1811. Jenkins, Timothy. — Bom in Barre, Worcester County, Massachusetts, Janu ary 29, 1799 ; received an academic educa tion ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1824, practicing his profession in Oneida County, New York; he was Dis trict Attorney for that county six years, and resigned the office on being elected a Representative in the Twenty -ninth Con gress, and was re-elected to the Thirtieth and Thirty-second. Died at Martinsburg, New Y'ork, December 24, 1859. Jenks, Michael H. — He was bom in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Jenness, Benning W. — He was Judge of Probate in Strafford County, New Hampshire, from 1841 to 1845, and a Sena tor in Congress from New Hampshire during the years 1845 and 1846. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 203 Jennings, David. — He was bom in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1825 to 1826. Jennings, Jonathan. — He was born in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, and was the first Governor of Indiana, and twice elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1816, and from J822 to 1831. In 1818 he was appointed, by President Monroe, Indian Commis sioner. He died near Charlestown, Clarke County, Indiana, July 26, 1834. Jewett, Freeborn G. — He was born in New York ; was a member of the As sembly of that State in 1826 and 1827 ; and a Representative in Congress, from »the same, from 1831 to 1633. From 1846 to 1856 he was a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York ; and died February 23, 1858, aged sixty-eight years. Jewett, Joshua H. — He was born at Deer Creek, Harford County, Maryland, September 13, 1812, and, having adopted the profession of law. removed to Ken tucky, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. He was Chair man of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Jewett, Luther. — He was born in Ver mont; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795; was both a clergyman and a physi cian; for fifteen years a member of the Vermont Legislature; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1815 to 1817. Johns, Kensey. — Was bom in Dela ware, December 10, 1791; graduated at Princeton College in 1810; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1813; was a Representative in Congress, from Dela ware, from 1827 to 1831; in 1832 he was appointed Chancellor of the State of Dela ware, in which capacity he was still serv ing at the time of his death, which oc curred at New Castle, March 28, 1857. A person bearing this name was appointed to the Senate in 1794 from Delaware, but he was not admitted. He was the father of the above. Johnson, Andrew. — He was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, December 29, 1808 ; when ten years of age he was ap prenticed to a tailor, and worked at that business, in South Carolina, until his seven teenth year ; he never attended school, but acquired a good common education by studying alone. Havingremoved to Green ville, Tennessee, he was elected Mayor of that place in 1830 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1835 ; to the State Senate in 1841 ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1843 to 1853. During the latter year he was elected Governor of Tennessee, and re-elected in 1855. He was elected a Senator in Con gress in 1857, for the term ending in 1863. He served on the Committees on Public Lands, and on the District of Columbia. In 1662 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Military Governor of Tennessee ; and by the Baltimore Convention of 1864 was nominated for the office of Vice- President of the United States, and was duly elected. On the death of Abra ham Lincoln, April 15, 1865, he took the prescribed oath and entered upon his duties as President of the United States. His Life and Speeches have been published in a variety of editions. In 1866 he received from the University of North Carolina the degree of LL.D. Johnson, Cave. — He was born in Ro bertson County, Tennessee, January 11, 1793; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law ; was a Cir cuit Judge for a few years ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Ten nessee, from 1829 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1845, after which he went into the Cabinet of President Polk as Postmaster General. He also held for many years the position of President of the Bank of Ten nessee, which he resigned in 1859. Johnson, Francis. — He was born in Caroline County, Virginia, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1821 to 1827. Johnson, Harvey A. — He was born in Vermont, and having removed co Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Johnson, Henry. — Born in Tennessee, September 14, 1783 ; studied law in Lou isiana ; was Clerk of the second Superior Court of Orleans territory in 1809 ; Judge of the Parish Court of St. Mary, May 1, 1811 ; member of the Constitutional Con vention of Louisiana in 1812; ran for Con gress in 1812, but was defeated; elected a Senator in Congress in 1818 for the unex pired term of W. C. C. Claiborne, de ceased; and sat there until 1824, in which year he was elected Governor of Louisiana ; and in 1826 was re-elected, holding that office for four consecutive years. In 1829 204 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. he was defeated for the United States Sen ate by Edward Livingston. Was a Rep resentative from Louisiana in the Twenty- fourth and Twenty-fifth Congresses. In 1842 was a candidate for Governor, but was defeated by Alexander Mouton. In 1844 he was elected to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate caused by the . death of A. Porter, under which election he sat in the Senate until March, 1849. He was the head of the Whig party in Louisiana. He died July 31, 1861, com manding the highest respect alike of those who had adhered to, and of those who had opposed him, as a political leader. Johnson, Herschell V. — Born in Burke County, Georgia, September 18, 1812. He graduated at the University of Georgia in 1834, and adopted the profession of law. He was a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; in 1848 was appointed to fill a vacancy in the United States Senate; and in 1849 he was elected a Judge of the Superior Court. In I860 he was a candidate for the office of Vice-President on the ticket with S. A. Douglas, but was defeated; and subse quently served in the Confederate Senate. Johnson, James.— He was born in Vir ginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Virginia, from 1813 to 1820, when he resigned and was appointed Col lector of Norfolk and Portsmouth, Virginia. He also served in the State Legislature. Died at Norfolk, December 7, 1825. Johnson, James. — He was born in Orange County, Virginia ; served as Lieu tenant Colonel under Colonel R. M. John son at the battle of the Thames ; and was a Representative in Congress from Ken tucky during the years 1825 and 1826, his death having been announced in the House in December, 1826. Johnson, James. — He was a native of Georgia, aud a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1653 ; and in 1865 he was appointed, by President Johnson, Provisional Governor of Georgia. Johnson, James H. — He was born in New Hampshire, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, serving on the Committee on Manu factures He was also a State Councillor in 1S42 and in 1843, and a State Senator in 1839. Johnson, James L. — He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1651. Johnson, Jeromus. — He was born in King's County, New York, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York City, from 1825 to 1829, and died in Goshen, Orange County, New York, September 7, 1846. Johnson, John. — He was born in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, in 1808; re ceived a common school education, and emigrated to Ohio, in 1 824, where he was devoted to agricultural pursuits. He served as a member of the Ohio Senate; also, in the last Constitutional Convention of that State ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1851 to 1853. Johnson, John T. — He was bom in Scott County, Kentucky ; was a brother of Richard M. Johnson ; once Judge of the- Court of Appeals of Kentucky, aud repre sented that State in Congress from 182] to 1825. For thirty years he was a preacher of the Gospel, without a salary. He died in Lexington, Missouri, December 18, 1857. Johnson, Joseph. — He was bom in Orange County, New York, and on re moving to Virginia, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1823 to 1827, from 1835 to 1841, and from 1845 to 1847. He was also Governor of Virginia from 1852 to 1856. Johnson, Noadiah. — He served in the Legislature of New Y'ork; was a member of Congress, from 1833 to 1835; and died at Albany, April 4, 1839. Johnson, Perley B. — He was bom in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Johnson, Philip. — Was bom in War ren County, New Jersey, January 17, 1818 ; and his grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Iu 1839 he re moved with his father to Pennsylvania, settling in Northampton County; and he was educated at Lafayette College, where he spent two years, after which he spent two years teaching school in the South. On his return home he studied law, was admit ted to the bar in 1 848, and soon afterwards elected Clerk of the Court of Sessions and of the Oyer and Terminer. In 1353 and 1654 he was elected to the State Assembly. In 1857 he was Chairman of the Democratic State Convention. In I860 he was the Revenue Commissioner for the Third Judi cial District of the State, aud was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving on BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 205 the Committees on Roads and Canals, and on Patents ; he was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Territories. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads and Ex penditures on the Public Buildings. Johnson, Reverdy. — Born in Annapo lis, Maryland, May 21, 1796 ; was educated at St. John's College, Annapolis ; studied law with his father ; and having been ad mitted to the bar, has practiced his profes sion without intermission to the present time. His first appointment was that of State Attorney; in 1817 he removed to Baltimore, (where he has since resided,) and in 1820 was appointed Chief Commis sioner of Insolvent Debtors, which office he held until 1821, when he was elected to the State Senate, serving two years ; was re-elected, and resigned in the second year of that term; in 1845 he was chosen a Senator in Congress, where he remained until 1849, when he resigned to accept the post of Attorney General of the United States, bestowed upon him by President Taylor. On his leaving the latter position, he turned his whole attention to his profes sion, practicing chiefly in the Supreme Court of the United States. Mr. Johnson has also taken an active part in the prepara tion, of seven volumes of Reports of De cisions in the Court of Appeals of Mary land. He was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861 ; and in 1862 he was again elected a Senator in Congress from his native State for the term commencing March, 1863, and ending in 1869, serving on the Library Committee, those on the. Judiciary and Foreign Relations, and also the Special Joint Committee on Reconstruc tion. He was one of the Senators desig nated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott iu 1866. Johnson, Richard M.— He was bora in Kentucky in 1780, and died at Frankfort, November 19, 1850. In 1807 he was chosen a Representative in Congress from Ken tucky, which post he held until 1813. In 1813 he raised a volunteer regiment of cavalry of one thousand men to fight the British and Indians on the Lakes, and during the campaign that followed served with great credit, under General Harrison, as a Colonel of that regiment. He greatly distinguished himself at the battle of the Thames, and the chief Tecumseh is said to have been killed by his hand. In 1814 he was appointed Indian Commissioner by President Madison. He was again a Rep resentative in Congress from 1815 to 1819. In 1819 he went from the House into the United States Senate to fill an unexpired term ; was re'-elected, and served as Senator until 1 829. He was re-elected to the House, and remained there until 1837, when he became Vice-President, and as such pre sided over the Senate. At the time of his death he was a member of the Kentucky Legislature, and he died from a second at tack of paralysis. He was a kind-hearted, courageous, and talented man. Johnson, Robert W. — He was born in Kentucky in 1814 ; and was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from Arkansas in 1847, and served until 1853, when he was elected a Senator in Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Printing, and as a member of the Committees on Military Affairs and on Public Lands. Withdrew in 1861. Johnson, Thomas. — He was a Dele gate from Maryland to the Continental Congiess from 1775 to 1777. Johnson, Waldo P. — He was elected a Senator in Congress from Missouri in 1861 for the term ending in 1867, but was expelled by the Senate January 10, 1862. Johnson, William. — He was born in Ireland in 1819 ; removed to Ohio in early life ; received a good education ; held a variety of local offices in Richmond County, where he long resided ; adopted the profes sion of law ; and in 1862 was elected a Rep resentative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. Died at Mans field, Ohio, May 3, 1866. Johnson, William Cost. — Born in Frederick County, Maryland, in 1806 ; re ceived an academic education ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court in 1831 ; and was a Representative in Congiess from 1833 to 1835, and from 1837 to 1843. He served in the State Legislature before entering and after he left Congress ; was a member of the last Convention for revising the Constitution of Maryland; and was President of the National Convention of Young Men, which met in Washington to nominate Henry Clay for President. When in Congress, Mr. Johnson officiated for a number of years as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, and also as a member of the 206 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Judiciary Committee. Died in Washing ton, April 16, 1660. Johnson, William S. — Born in Strat ford, Connecticut, October 7, 1727 ; grad uated at Y'ale College in 1744 ; studied law at Cambridge, and acquired distinction as a pleader and orator. In 1765 he was a Delegate to the Congress at New York, and in 1766 an agent for the Colony to England, where, during a residence of four years, he was elected a Tutor of the Royal Society. In 1772 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut ; was a member in 1730 of the Council of Connec ticut; was again a Delegate to the New- York Congress in 1785 ; and was a member in 1767 of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States. He was a Senator in Congress from 1789 to 1791, and from 1792 to 1800 President of Columbia College in New Y'ork ; after which he returned to his native village, where he died, November 14, 1819. He received from Oxford the degree of LL.D., and will always be remembered as one of the great men of this country. He was Chairman of the committee appointed to revise the language of the Constitution, and the corrections in the original copy are in his handwriting. Johnston, Charles. — He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1839 to 1841. Johnston, Charles. — Born in Chowan County, North Carolina; was a member of the State Legislature for many years, and a Representative in Congress during the years 1801 and 1602, having died before the expiration of his term. Johnston, Charles C. — A member of Congress, from Virginia, from 1831 to 1832, having died at Washington, June 18, of the latter year. He was Chairman of the Committee on Imprisonment for Debt. He was found drowned in the Potomac, near Alexandria. Johnston, Josiah S. — He was bom in Salisbury, Connecticut, November 25, 1784, but was taken by his father, in infancy, to Kentucky. He graduated at Transylvania University, and studied law. He removed to Louisiana in 1805, and commenced his professional career at Alexandria, on the Red river; and in 1812 was a leading man in the State Legislature ; he was next ap pointed District Judge, and represented Louisiana in Congress from 1821 to 1823 ; and in 1824 he was elected to the United States Senate, retaining that position until his death, which occurred May 19, 1833, by the explosion of gunpowder on board the steamboat Lioness, on Red River. Johnston, Samuel. — Governor of North Carolina from 1787 to 1789; was President of the Convention of that State which ratified the Federal Constitution, and had been a member of Congress previous to 1789, when he was appointed Senator from North Carolina, and served till 1793 ; was afterwards a Judge of the Supreme Court of Law and Equity. He was a native of Edenton, and died at Sherwarkey, August 18, 1816, aged eighty-three. Jones, Allen. — He was a Delegate from North Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1780. Jones, Benjamin. — He was born in Virginia ; and having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. Jones, Daniel T. — He was born in Connecticut ; and having settled in New York, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Jones, Francis. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to 1823. Jones, George. — He was a Senator in Congress from Georgia during the session of 1807. Jones, George W. — Born at Vin cennes, Indiana, and graduated at Transyl vania University, Kentucky, in 1825. He was bred to the law, but ill health prevented him from practicing. He was Clerk of the United States District Court, in Missouri, in 1826; served as an aide-de-camp to General Henry Dodge in the Black Hawk war ; was chosen Colonel of militia in 1832; subsequently Major General ; also a Judge of the County Court ; in 1835 was elected a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Michigan, and served four years; in 1339 was appointed by President Van Buren .Surveyor General of the northwest; was removed in 1841 for his politics, but reappointed by President Polk, and re mained in the office until 1849; in 1848 he was elected a United States Senator from Iowa for six years, and re-elected in 1852 for six years, officiating as Chairman of the Committees on Pensions and on Enrolled Bills, and as a member of the Committee BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 207 on Territories. At the conclusion of his last term he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to New Granada. In 1861 he was charged with disloyalty, and imprisoned in Fort Warren. Jones, George W. — Born in King and Queen County, Virginia, March 15, 1806. He began life by adopting the occupation of a saddler ; was a Justice of the Peace for three years ; in 1834 a Justice to hold the Quorum Court in Lincoln County; in 1835 and 1 837 was elected to the Tennes see Legislature ; in 1839 to the State Senate; in 1840 aud 1842 was elected Clerk of the Lincoln County Court ; and was elected a Representative to Congress in 1843, to which position he has been regularly re-elected to 1859, serving during the Thirty-fifth Congress as Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals. In 1853, upon the inauguration of President Pierce, Mr. Jones was appointed special bearer of despatches to the American Con sul at Havana, having been authorized to administer the official oath to the Vice- President, W. R. King, who had ' visited Cuba for his health. In 1861 he was a Delegate to the Peace Congress held in Washington. Jones, Isaac D. — He was born in Mary land, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. He was a Delegate also to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Jones, James. — Born in Maryland, and removed to Georgia when young. He studied law, and settled in Savannah. He was often a member of the Legislature of Georgia, and was a Representative in Con gress from 1799 to the time of his death, which occurred at Washington, January 12, 1801. Jones, James. — He was born in Amelia County, Virginia, and was a Representa tive iu Congress, from that State, from 1319 to 1823. Jones, James C. — Bora in Wilson County, Tennessee, June 8, 1 809 ; re ceived a good education ; devoted himself iu early life to farming ; first entered pub lic life, in 1839, as a member of the Ten nessee Legislature; was Governor of Ten-; nessee from 1841 to 1845, serving two terms ; was a Presidential Elector in 1841 and 1849 ; aud in 1851 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Tennessee, serv ing the whole of his term of six years. Died at Memphis, Tennessee, October 29, 1859. He was for many years devoted to the public interests of Memphis, and his native State, and was distinguished for his abilities. Jones, J. Glancy. — He was born on the Conestoga River, Pennsylvania, October 7, 1811. By his early education he was prepared for the church, but preferred the law, to which he devoted himself with success ; aud while Deputy Attorney Gene ral of the State, was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, serv ing (excepting a part of the Thirty-third Congress, when Henry W. Muhlenburg succeeded him) from 1850 to 1858. He was the author, in the House, of the bill creating the Court of Claims, when a mem ber of the Committee on Claims ; and, by Mr. Speaker, Orr, was placed at the head of the Committee of Ways and Means. He was a Presidential Elector in 1856, and was tendered, by President Buchanan, the Mission to Berlin, which he declined ; but in October, 1858, he was offered the mission to Austria, and accepted the ap pointment. Jones, John J. — Bom in Burke Coun ty, Georgia, November 13, 1824 ; graduated at Emory College ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1848 ; and was a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business. Resigned in February, 186J, and returned to Georgia. Jones, John W. — He was born in Vir ginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1835 to 1845. He was also Speaker of the House of Representatives during the Twenty-eighth Congress. He was an eminent politician, and died January 29, 1848 Jones, John W. — Born on Rock Creek, Montgomery County, Maryland, April 14, 1806 ; when quite young he removed, with his father, to Kentucky, where he received a good English and classical education, at the Carlisle Seminary ; as his health would permit, he devoted himself to the study of medicine, attended lectures at the Pennsyl vania Academy, and from Jefferson Col lege received the degree of Doctor of Medi cine. In 1840 he was elected to the Georgia Legislature, and he was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1847 to 1849. In 1849 he removed to Alabama, and devoted himself to agriculture ; but, returning to Georgia, was appointed a Medical Professor in the Atlanta Medical 208 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. College. He enjoys the reputation of hav ing done much for the cause of education in the States of Georgia and Alabama. Jones, Joseph. — He was a Delegate, from Virginia, to the Continental Congress, from 1777 to 1778, and again from 1780 to 1783. Jones, Morgan. — He was born in New York City, February 26, 1832; was edu cated at the school of St. James's Church, in New Yoik; early took an interest in machinery and the business of a machinist, and subsequently adopted the business of a plumber, following the same within four hundred feet of the spot where he was born. In 1658 he was elected a City Coun cilman for New York, and, having been four times re-elected, served as President of the Board for three years ; was subse quently elected to the Board of Aldermen and made Pres'dent of that body ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Ex penditures. Jones, Nathaniel. — He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1827 and 1828 ; a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1841 ; a State Senator in 1852 and 1853; and also held the offices of Surveyor General of the State and Canal Commissioner. He died at Newburg, New York, July 21, 1866. Jones, Noble Wimberly— He was a Delegate, from Georgia, to the Continental Congress, from 1775 to 1776, and again from 1731 to 1783. Jones, Owen. — Born in Pennsylvania ; a lawyer by profession, and Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from his na tive State. Jones, Roland. — He was born in North Carolina; was a Representative in the Thir ty-third Congress, from that State. Jones, Seaborn. — He was bom in Co lumbus, Georgia, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1845 to 1847. Jones, Walter. — Born in Virginia, and educated as a physician at Edinburg, about the year 1770; on his return he set tled in Northumberland County, Virginia, where he had extensive practice in his pro fession. He was a Representative in Con gress from 1797 to 1799, and again from 1803 to 1811. He died in Westmoreland County, Virginia, December 31, 1815, aged seventy-six years. Jones, William. — Bom in Philadelphia; took an active part in the Revolutionary struggle, having fought at Trenton and Princeton as a volunteer, and served in several vessels ; he was a Lieutenant under Commodore Truxton, and was twice wounded and twice made prisoner; in 1790 settled in Charleston, South Caro lina, whence he returned to Philadelphia in 1793; was a Representative in Con gress,, from Pennsylvania, from 1801 to 1803 ; and was for a short time Secretary of the Navy, under President Madison He was also President of the Bank of the- United States ; Collector of Customs at Philadelphia ; and for twenty -six years was a member of the American Philosophi cal Society, before which he read many valuable communications, which were pub lished. Died at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in 1831. Jones, Willie. — He was a Delegate, from North Carolina, to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1781. Judson, Andrew T. — Born at East- ford, Connecticut, November 29, 1784; his education was obtained at the common schools, and under the instructions of his father and brother. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1 806, when he removed to Montpelier, Vermont, and practiced in that State ; he afterwards re turned to his native town, and in 1809 went to Canterbury, which he made his permanent residence. In 1819 he received the appointment of State's Attorney for Windham County, which office be held for fourteen years. He was at different times a member of both branches of the Legisla ture ; and was a Representative in Con gress from 1835 to 1839, when he was elected Judge of the District Court, aud continued in that position until his death. In October, 1850, he was designated, by the Circuit Judge of the Second Circuit, to hold the Courts of the United States in the Southern District of New York during the illness of the distinguished Judge of that District, and he officiated at the trial of Mr. O'Sullivan, and others, for the at tempted Cuban invasion. Among the causes which were brought before him for adjudication was the libel of the Amistad and the fifty-four Africans on board. He died at home, March 17, 1853. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 209 Julian, George W.— Was born in Cen- treville, Wayne County, Indiana, May 5, 1817 ; received a good common school education ; spent three years as school teacher ; studied law," and was admitted to the bar in 1840. In 1845 he was elected to the Legislature of Indiana ; was a Dele gate to the Buffalo Convention of 1848 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1849 to 1851. In 1852 he was nominated by the Pittsburg Conven tion for the office of Vice-President of the United States, on the ticket with J. P. Hale for President; and in 1856 he was Vice- President of the Republican Convention held at Pittsburg. In 1860 he was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, and on Pub lic Expenditures ; andin 1862wasre-elected t to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, and a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving again at the head of the Public Lands Committee, and on that on Expenses in the Navy De partment. He was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accom pany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Junkin, Benjamin T. — Born in Cum berland County, Pennsylvania, November 12, 1822; educated at Fayette College; studied law at Carlisle, and was admitted to the bar in 1844 ; was elected District Attorney for Perry County in 1850, and held the office three years ; and was elected, from Pennsylvania, to the. Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Kalbfleisch, Martin. — He was born in Flushing, Netherlands, February 6, 1804 ; received a common school education, and adopted the profession of a chemist. He came to the United States early in life, and his first public position was that of Health Warden in New York City in 1832. In 1836 he was Trustee of one of the common schools in New Y'ork ; in 1852, and the two following years, Supervisor of the town of Bushwick, Kings County. In 1854 he was appointed President of a Board of Commissioners for consolidating the cities of Brooklyn, Williamsburg, and Bushwick. In 1855 he was elected an Alderman of Brooklyn, and having been re-elected, was President of the Board of Aldermen from 1857 to 1 861 ; during the latter year he was elected Mayor of Brooklyn^, and in 1862 was elected a Representative, from New 14 Y'ork, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Kane, Elias K. — He was born in New Y'ork State about the year 1795, and was bred to the legal profession. At an early period of his life he went to Tennessee, and finally settled in Kaskaskia, in Illinois Ter- . ritory, in 1815. In 1818 he was a member of the Convention for framing a State Con stitution, and when that Government was organized, he was appointed Secretary of State. He was subsequently* elected a member of the Legislature ; and from 1825 to 1835 he was a Senator in Congress, from Illinois, officiating as Chairman of the Com mittee on Private Land Claims. He died at Washington, District of Columbia, De cember 12, 1835. Kasson, John A. — He was born near Burlington, Vermont, January 11, 1322; graduated at the University of Vermont ; studied law in Massachusetts, and practiced the profession in St. Louis, Missouri, until 1857, when he removed to Iowa. In 1858 he was appointed a Commissioner to report upon the condition of the Executive De partments of Iowa ; assisted in 1859 in organizing the State Bank of Iowa, and became Director for the State. In 1861 he was appointed Assistant Postmaster Gen eral, which office he resigned in 1862, when he was elected a Representative, from Iowa, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee of Ways and Means. Dur ing the summer, of 1863 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to the International Postal Congress at Paris, returning in August. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com- mittes on Appropriations and the Death of President Lincoln, and as Chairman of the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Mea sures. Kaufman, David S. — Born in Cum berland, Pennsylvania, in 1813; graduated at Princeton College in 1833; not long after he removed to Natchez, Mississippi, and read law in the office of General Quit man. In 1835 he settled in Natchitoches, Louisiana. In 1837 he emigrated to Na cogdoches, ' in Texas, and in 1838 was elected a Representative in the Texan Con gress ; he was twice re-elected, and twice chosen Speaker of the House. In 1843 he was elected to the Senate, and from the Committee onForoign Relations, in 1844, presented a report in favor of annexation, and took an active part in its consumma- 210 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. tion. In 1845 he was appointed Charge to this Government, but that office was super seded by the final act of annexation, and he was elected one of the first members of the House of Representatives, from Texas, serving from 1846 to 1851. He died in Washington, District of Columbia. Janu ary 13, 1S51. Kavanagh, Edward. — He was born April 27, 1795 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the Maine Legisla ture in 1626, 1826, 1642, and 1843; Secre tary of tlje State Senate in 1630; and he was a Representative in Congress, from 1831 to 1835; when he was appointed Charge d'Affaires to Portugal, where he remained until 1641. In 1^42 he was a Commissioner for settling the Northeast Boundary; and -was acting Governor of Maine from 1843 to 1844; and for a short time President of the State Senate He died at Newcastle, Maine, January 20, 1644. Kean, John. — He was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress, from 1765 to 1767. Kearney, Dyre. — He was a Delegate from Delaware, to the Continental Con gress, from 1786 to 1766. Keese, Richard. — Born in New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1627 to 1629. Keim, George May. — Born in Read ing, Berks county, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1605. He received a liberal education. and studied law in Philadelphia. Declin ing the active pursuit of the profession, he devoted himself to banking, and spent much of his leisure time in studying geology and mineralogy, and became a collector of paintings, of which he had a rare and valu able collection. He was Major General of" the military district in which he lived ; was a member of the Convention to revise the Constitution of Pennsylvania, and was elected to the Twenty-fifth Congress, from Pennsylvania, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry A. Muhlenberg, and afterwards to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses. Under the administrations of President Tyler and of President Polk, he was United States Mar shal for the Eastern Distiict of Pennsyl vania. Died in the summer of 1662. Keim, William High. — Born in Read ing, Pennsylvania, June 25, 1813; was edu cated at Mt. Airy Military Academy; en tered into the hardware business, in which he continued until 1655. He .gave much attention to military matters, filling every office up to and including that of Major General of his district. Was Mayor of Reading. Elected to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, from Pennsylvania, to fill the unex pired term of Mr. J. Glancy Jones; in 1860 was elected Surveyor General of Penn sylvania. On the breaking out of the re bellion, he was called into the field as a Major General of the Militia, and held the second command under General Patterson, with whom he marched into Virginia. At the expiration of the three months' service, he was commissioned by President Lincoln as Brigadier General of Volunteers, and entered upon the campaign of 1862 under General MeClellan. He sickened with ty phoid fever, in front of Y'orktown, and died in May of that year. Keitt, Lawrence M. — He was bom in Orangeburg District, South Carolina, Oc tober 4, 1624: graduated at the College ot South Carolina in 1843; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1345; was elected to the State Legislature in 1848; and in 1853 to a seat in the National House of Representatives, having been regularly re-elected until December, 1660, when he resigned, serving in the Thirty-fifth Con gress as Chairnian of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Just be fore leaving Congress, he was elected to the Seceding Convention of South Caro lina, and subsequently took an active part in the Great Rebellion as a member of the Confederate Congress. Killed in battle, in Virginia, in June, 1664. Kelley, William D. — Was bom in Philadelphia in the spring of 1814 : received a good English education ; commenced life as a reader in a printing-office ; spent seven years as an apprentice in a jewelry estab lishment ; removed to Boston, and followed his trade there for four years, devoting some attention to literary matters ; returned to Philadelphia, studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1841, and held the office for some years of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Philadelphia. In ad dition to his many political speeches, a number of literary addresses have been pub lished from his pen. He was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committees on Indian Affairs, and Expenditures on Public Buildings. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 211 Thirty-ninth'Congress, serving on the Com- - mittees on the Library, Naval Affairs, and on Freedmen. Kellogg, Charles. — He was a native of Berkshire County, Massachusetts ; served six years in the New York Assembly, from Cayuga County, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 1827. Kellogg, Francis W. — BorninWorth- ington, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, May 30, 1810; received a limited educa tion, and having removed to Michigan, entered into the business of lumbering. He served in the Legislature of Michigan, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions ; was re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Public Lands, and on Expenditures in the Post-office Department ; and was also re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, and was a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. In 1865 he was ap pointed, by President Johnson, Collector of Internal Revenue for Alabama. Kellogg, Orlando. — He was born in Elizabethtown, New Y'ork, June 18, 1809 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1838 ; in 1840 he was appointed Surro gate of Essex County, which office he held for four years ; was elected in 1846 a Re presentative, from New York, to the Thir tieth Congress; re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Manufactures, and on the Militia ; and in 1864 he was re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, but died before taking his seat, at Elizabethtown, August 24, 1865. Kellogg, William. — Born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, July 8, 1814, and removed to Illinois in 1837. His education was ob tained in the common schools of the coun try, and having studied law, acquired an extensive practice in the district of disputed land titles in Illinois. He served in the State Legislature in 1849 and 1850, and was three years Judge of the Circuit Court of Illinois, and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Public Expenditures. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee, and on the Spe cial Committee of Thirty-three on the Re bellious States. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee, and that on Government Ex penditures. In 1864 he was appointed by President Lincoln Minister to Guatemala, and in 1866 Chief Justice of Nebraska Ter ritory, by President Johnson. Kelly, James. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805 to 1809. Kelly, John. — Born in the city of New Y'ork, April 21, 1821 ; educated at the pub lic schools in that city; by trade a mason ; was Alderman of the city for two years ; and elected a Representative iu the Thirty- fourth and Thirty -fifth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means. In October, 1858, he was elected High Sheriff for the City and County of New York. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Con vention of 1864. Kelly, William. — He was a Representa tives in Congress, from Louisiana, during the years 1821 and 1822; and a Senator in Congress, from 1822 to 1825. Kelsey, William H. — He was born in New York, and was elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Agriculture. Kelso, John R. — Born in Franklin, County, Ohio, March 23, 1831 ; educated. at Pleasant Ridge College, Missouri ; was for a time the principal of an academy; served through the war for the Union as a Lieutenant and Captain, and in 1884 he was elected a Representative, from Mis souri, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Kemble, Gouverneur. — He was born in New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. Kempshall, Thomas. — He was born in England, and having emigrated to New York, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Kenan, Thomas.— Born in Duplin Coun ty, North Carolina, in 1771. In 1799 he was a member of the House of Delegates ; served in the State Senate in 1804 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1805 to 1811. He subse quently removed to Alabama, where he served for many years in the Legislature of that State, but declined a re-election to Con gress. Died near Selma, October 22, 1843. 01 o — 1 _ BIOGRAP HICAL RECORDS. Kendall, Jonas. — He was born at Wor cester, Massachusetts, in 1757 ; obtained a finished education by his own unaided ex ertions ; served thirteen years in the Leg islature of Massachusetts ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Died in Leominster, Massachusetts, October 22, 1844. Kendall, Joseph G. — Bom in 1788; graduated at Harvard College in 1810, and was a tutor in that University from 1812 to 1819. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1829 to 1833; and then appointed Clerk of the State Courts. Ho died at Worcester, Mas sachusetts, October 2, 1847. Kennedy, Andrew. — Born in Ohio in 1810; was bred a blacksmith, and at the age of nineteen could neither read nor write. He subsequently studied law, and was a member of the State Senate of Indiana ; and represented that State in Congress, from 1841 to 1847. He died at Muncietown, In diana, December 31, 1847. Kennedy, Anthony. — Born in Balti more, Maryland, in 1811; removed, when ten years of age, to Virginia ; educated at Jefferson Academy, Charlestown, Virginia; studied law, but abandoned it, and subse quently engaged in the manufacture of cot ton and in planting. He was a member of the Legislature of Virginia, from 1839 to 1843, and an unsuccessful candidate for Congress, from Virginia; removed to Bal timore in 1850, and was elected to the Maryland Legislature in 1856, serving as Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means; and by that body elected to the United States Senate, for six years, from March 4, 1857, serving as a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims, and on the District of Columbia. Kennedy, John P.— He was born in Baltimore, October, 1795. He studied law, and practiced in that city until 1838, when he was elected to the House of Repre sentatives, in the Federal Legislature, and served in that body through the Twenty- fifth, Twenty-seventh, and Twenty-eighth Congresses ; elected in 1646 to the House of Delegates of Maryland (of which he had * been a member in the sessions of 1820 and 1822 ;) he was made Speaker, and took an active part in the measure which was then adopted to resume the payment of the State debt, and the restoration of the public credit. Since 1847, he has held no local political post, but has devoted his time to literary pursuits. His last national position was that of Secretary of the Navy, under Presi dent Fillmore. In 1849, he was chosen by the Regents of the University of Maryland to preside over that institution, as provost, which position he now occupies. Among his various political tracts, speeches, re ports, and addresses, which have been pub lished, are ' ' A Review of Mr. Cambreling's Free-Trade Report, by Mephistopheles," in 1630; "The Memorial of the Permanent Committee of the New Y'ork Convention of Friends of Domestic Industry," in 1833; an elaborate report on "The Commerce and Navigation of the United States, by the Committee of Commerce," (of which Mr. Kennedy was Chairman,) in 1842; and a report from the same Committee on "The Warehouse System," in 1843. Besides these, he has published several pamphlets and tracts, in defence of the protective sys tem. In the field of general literature, he is known to the public as the author of "Swallow Barn, a Sojourn in the Old Do minion," "Horseshoe Robinson," "Rob of the Bowl," "Quod Libet, "Memoirs of the Life of William Wirt, late Attorney General of the United States," sundry historical, biographical, and literary dis courses, essays, and reviews, which have not yet been collected into volumes. He is an active member of the Historical Socie ty of Maryland, of which he is the Vice President. Kennedy, William.— He was a Rep' resentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 18U3 to 1605, from 1809 to 1811, and from 1813 to 1315. Kennett, Luther M.— He was born in Falmouth, Pendleton County, Kentucky, March 15, 1607; received a good English and classical education; was for a number of years Deputy Clerk of Pendleton and Campbell counties ; he studied law, and in 1825 removed to Missouri, where he en gaged in mercantile pursuits ; having set tled in St. Louis in 1842, he was elected to the Councils of that city; iu 1849 he was Chairman of the Pacific Railroad Conven tion, held in St. Louis, and subsequently Vice-President of the company formed for commencing the work; in 1850 he was elected Mayor of St. Louis, aud re-elected iu 1851 and 1852 In 1853 he was elected President of the St. Louis and Iron Mount ain Railroad ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Missouri, (St. Louis District,) from 1855 to 1657. Kennon, William. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and having emigrated to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Con- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 213 gress, from that State, from 1829 to 1833, from 1833 to 1837, and from 1847 to 1849. Kent, Joseph. — Born in 1779, in Cal vert County, Maryland ; was educated for a physician, and combined the practice of his profession with the pursuits of agriculture. He was a Representative iu Congress, from his native State, from 1811 to 1815, and from 1821 to 1826; Governor of Maryland from 1826 to 1829; and United States Sen ator from 1833 to 1837. He died near his residence, in the vicinity of Bladensburg, Maryland, November 24, 1839. Kent, Moss. — He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1807 aud 1810, and was a Representative iu Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1817. Kenyon, William S. — He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Keman, Francis. — He was born in Steuben County, New York, January 14, 1816; received his education at the Georgetown College, District of Columbia ; adopted and practiced the profession of law ; held for a time the office of Reporter of the Court of Appeals ; served in the State Legislature ; and was elected a Rep resentative, from New York, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. Kerr, John. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1817. Kerr, John. — He was born in North Carolina, received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from his native State, from 1853 to 1855 ; and was subse quently elected to the House of Commons of that State. Kerr, John Bozman. — Born at Easton, Talbot County, Maryland, March 5, 1809; graduated at Harvard University in 1830. He studied law at Easton, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1833 ; was a member of the General Assembly of Maryland from 1836 to 1838; and from 1847 to 1849 he acted as deputy for the Attorney General of Maryland for Talbot County. From 1849 to 1851 he was a Representative in Congress, and at the end of the session was appointed by President Fillmore Charge d'Affaires to the Republic of Nica ragua. During the revolution of 1 851 he had the good fortune, as the National Rep resentative in Central America, to bring about an armistice, and was instrumental in saving the lives of leading officers of the revolutionary party, for which he re ceived a formal expression of thanks from the Executive on leaving the country ; and in 1853 the Congress of the United States voted him an extra sum for services in Central America. In 1654 he resumed the practice of his profession in the city of Baltimore, and subsequently held an office under the Attorney General in Washington, after which he was appointed Deputy Solicitor of the Court of Claims. Kerr, John L. — He was born at Green- bury Point, near Annapolis, Maryland, January 15, 1780 ; graduated at St. John's College in 1799 ; studied law with John Leeds Bozman, and practiced the profes sion with success ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maryland, from 1825 to 1829, and again from 1831 to 1833 ; he was also a Senator in Congress from 1841 to 1843. He was a member of the National Convention held at Harrisburg in 1839, and at the head of the Electoral ticket for President during the same year. Before entering Congress, he was the agent of Maryland in the prosecution of militia claims against the United States. He died at his homestead, in Maryland, February 21, 1844. Kerr, Joseph.— He was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 1814 to 1815, having succeeded Thomas Worthington. Kerr, Michael C— Born near Titus- ville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, March 15, 1827 ; was chiefly self-educated, but studied at several academies ; for a time taught school ; studied law in the Uni versity of Louisville, and received the de gree of Bachelor of Laws. After a brief residence in Kentucky he settled at New Albany, Indiana. In 1856 he was elected for two years to the State Assembly; in 1862 he was elected reporter to the Supreme Court of the State, and published five vol umes ; and in 1864 he was elected a Rep resentative from Indiana to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims and on Accounts. Kerrigan, James E. — He was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-seventh Congress, leaving his seat for a time to serve as a Colonel of volun teers in the troubles of 1861. 214 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Kershaw, John. — He was a native of South Carolina, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1315, when he was appointed by President Madison one of the three Commissioners to ran the Creek boundary lines. Ketcharn, John H. — He was bom in Dover, Dutchess County, New Y'ork, De cember 21, 1631: received an academical education, and adopted the occupation of a farmer. He was for two years Supervisor of his native town ; was a member of the Assembly in 1656 and 1657 : of the State Senate in I860 and 1861. In lc62 he entered' the military service, and as Colonel of the One Hundred and Fiftieth New Y'ork volunteers served until January, 1865, when he was made a Brigadier General by brevet, which position he resigned in March, 1865. having previously been elected a Representative from New Y'ork to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. He was also one of the Representatives desig nated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Key, Philip. — Was born in St. Mary's County, Maryland, in 1750; received a classical and commercial education; was devoted to agricultural pursuits ; served a number of years in the Legislature of Maryland, and was for one or two terms Speaker. He also rendered some sen-ice in the municipal courts of his native county. His service as a Representative in Congress from Maryland was from 1791 to 1793. Died in his native place in Janu ary, 1620. Key, Philip Barton. — Bom in Cecil County, Maryland, in 1765 ; was liberally educated ; entered the English army as a Captain, and when the Revolutionary war broke out he refused to bear arms against the Colonies; he had a small command and some sen-ice at Pensacola, Florida, w-here he was a hard student; and after the peace he returned to Maryland, where he took a high position as a lawyer. He also represented Annapolis in the State Legisla ture. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Maryland, from 1607 to 1813, and died at Georgetown, District of Colum bia, July 2-, 1815. Keyes, Elias. — He was bom in Ash- ford, Connecticut ; a Representative in Congiess, from Vermont, from 1821 to 1823. From 1603 to 1818 he was a State Councillor ; and a member of the Legisla ture of Vermont for a period of eighteen years from Stockbridge County. Kidder, David. — He was born in Dres den, Lincoln County, Maine, December 8, 1767 ; received a classical education from private tutors ; studied law, and settled in Somerset County, where he was County Attorney from lell to 1823 ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1823 to 1627 ; and a member of the State Legislature in 1829. Kidweil, Zedekiah. — He Mas born in Fairfax County, Virginia, January -}, 1614; was educated by his father ; studied medi cine, and graduated at the Jefferson Medi cal College of Philadelphia in 1839. After practicing medicine some years, he com menced in 1648 the study of law, and be gan to practice as a lawyer in 1849; he served a number of years in the Legisla ture of Virginia; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1849; was a Presidential Elector in 1652 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1653 to 1857*. In 1857 he was elected one of three Commissioners to superintend the public works for the State of Virginia, representing in that board the Third Dis trict. Kilbourn, James. — Born in New Britain, Connecticut, October 19, 1770. AVhile apprenticed as a farmer's boy he re ceived instruction iu Latin and Greek and mathematics from the son of his employer : was next a mechanic, then a merchant and manufacturer, and finally studied divinity, and became a clergyman of the Episcopal Church. In 1603 he was instrumental in forming an emigrating colony to Central Ohio, called the "Scioto Company." A town was soon organized, and named Worthington. In 1605 he was appointed by Congress to the office of United States Surveyor of Public Lands ; and in 1806 he was chosen by the Legislature a member of the Board of Trustees of Ohio College, at Athens. In 1612 he was appointed by the President a Commissioner to settle the boundaiy between the Public Lands and the Virginia Resen-ation, and also com missioned as Colonel of the frontier regi ment. He was one of the Commissioners for locating Miami University, and Presi dent of the Board of Trustees of Worth ington College. From 1613 to 1617 he was a Representative in Congress from Ohio. In 1623 he was elected to the Ohio Legis lature, serving on fourteen committees, and was re-elected in 1836, and subsequently devoted much attention to matters of State BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 215 policy. He died in Worthington, Ohio, April 24, 1350. Kilgore, David. — He was born in Har rison County, Kentucky, April 3, 1804, and removed with his father to Indiana in 1819, and settled in Franklin County. He received a common school education, and commenced the study of law in 1325, and was admitted to practice iu 1830, and re moved to Delaware County. In 1833 he was elected to the State Legislature, and served several years. In 1839 he was elected by the Legislature President Judge of the Judicial Circuit in which he resided, and held the office seven years. In 1350 he was a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention of the State. In 1854 was again elected to the Legislature, and was Speaker of the House. In 1856 he w-as elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was re elected to the Thirty-sixth, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Department, and that on the District of Columbia. Kilgore, Daniel. — He was bora in Vir ginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1835 to 1839. Died in New Y'ork, December 12, 1851. Kille, Joseph. — He was born in New- Jersey, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. KUlinger, John W. — Born in Penn sylvania, and was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Put lie Expenditures. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Mileage and as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department. In 1863 he was ap pointed Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Tenth District of Pennsylvania. Kincaid, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1829 to 1833. King, Adam. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1833, and died May 6, 1835. King, Austin A. — He was born in Sul livan County, Tennessee, September 20, 1801 ; received as good an education as the country then afforded ; studied law, and was licensed to practice on becoming of .age; removed to Missouri in 1830; in 1834 was elected to the Missouri Legislature ; re-elected to the same position in 1836; in 1837 he was appointed a Circuit Judge for Ray County, which position he held until 1848, when he was elected Governor qf Missouri, the term of that office expiring in 1853 ; in 1862 he was again placed upon the Bench in his old circuit, and during that year was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. , King, Cyrus. — Born in Scarborough, Massachusetts, September 6, 1772; gradu ated at Columbia College in 1794 ; was private secretary to Ruftis King, his half brother, in 1796 ; studied law, and prac ticed twenty j'ears in Saco ; was a Major General of militia ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1817. Died April 25, 1817. King, Daniel Putnam.— Born in Dan- vers, Massachusetts, in 1800 ; graduated at Harvard in 1823. At first he contem plated the study of the law, but soon abandoned it for the practice of agriculture. In 1836 and 1837 he was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature; in 1833 and 1839 a member of the State Senate; and in 1840 and 1841 President of that body; Speaker of the House in 1843, and during that year he was elected a Representative in Congress, and held that position until his death, which occurred in Danvers, July 25, 1850. King, George G. — He was born in Rhode Island, and graduated at Brown University in 1 825 ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Was Presidential Elector iu 1849. King, Henry. — Born in Hampden, Hampshire County, Massachusetts. Stu died law- at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, and began the practice of it at Allentown, in the same. State, about the year 1815. He was a member of the Senate of Penn sylvania, when he was elected a Repre sentative in the Twenty-second Congress ; and re-elected to the Twenty-third. He separated from the Democratic party on the question growing out of the removal of the Government deposits from the Bank of the United States. Retiring from political life he resumed the practice of law. He died July 13, 1861, aged seventy-one years. King, James G. — He was born at High- wood, New Jersey, in 1791 ; was taken to England by his father when American 216 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Minister, and was educated there, and graduated at Harvard College in 1810 ; was an eminent merchant and banker in New York City, and a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1849 to 185L He died in Highwood, New Jersey, October 3, 1853. King, John. — He was born iu 1775 ; served in Congress as a Representative, from New York, from 1631 to 1833; and died at New Lebanon, New York, Septem ber 1, 1836. King, John A. — He was born in New Y'ork in 1766, and educated at Harrow, England. He was a member of the New Y'ork Assembly from 1819 to 1821 ; and re-elected in 1832 and in 1640 from Queen's County ; and in 1623 he was elected to the State Senate. He was a Representative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1649 to 1851 ; and was also Governor of New York from 1656 to 1656. Rufus King, the diplomatist, was his father, and James G. King, of New Jersey, was his brother. He was also appointed Secretary of Lega tion at London in 1626, and on the return of his father acted as Charge d'Affaires. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Con gress of 1661. King, John P. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Georgia, from 1633 to 1837. King, Perkins. — He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1827, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1629 to 1831." King, Preston. — He was born in Og- densburg, St. Lawrence County, New- York, October 14, 1806: graduated at Union College : studied law and practiced the profession ; during the administration of Andrew Jackson he established and edited the St. Lawrence Republican, and in 1634 was appointed Postmaster of Og- densburg ; was a member of the New York Legislature iu 1835, 1636, 1637, and 1636: was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1643 to 1647. aud again from 1849 to 1653: in 1657 he was elected a Senator in Congress, which position he retained until 1863, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. During his service in the Senate he was Chairman of the National Republican Com mittee; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention in 1664, and a Presidential Elector in the same year ; and in the sum mer of 1865 he was appointed, by Presi dent Johnson, Collector of the Port of New York. He was drowned in the harbor of New- Y'ork, November 1 3, 1 865, having, as it is supposed, while in a fit of derange ment, thrown himself overboard from a ferry boat. On the day that his successor in the Custom House entered upon his duties, in May, 1866, the body of the de ceased was picked up in the Hudson river, and was buried with suitable honors. King, Rufus. — He was bom in Scar borough, Maine, in 1755 ; was educated at Dumnier Academy, in Newbury, Massa chusetts ; graduated at Harvard College iu 1777; in 1776 he was aide-de-camp to Sullivan in his expedition against the British in Rhode Island ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Newbury port, Massachusetts, in 1780; he was elected, from that town, to the State Legis lature ; in 1784 was elected a Delegate to Congress at Trenton ; was a member of the State Convention of Massachusetts, held iu 1767 ; he was a member of the Conven tion which formed the Federal Constitu tion, and signed that instrument; remov ing to New York City in 1768, he was, in 1789, elected a Senator in Congress, and served his entire term, and was re-elected to the same position in 1313, remaining in that capacity until 1625. At the close of his first term in the Senate he was appointed, by President Washington, Minister to England, where he remained through the w-hole of President Adams's term, and during two years of President Jefferson' s term. In 1625 President John Quincy Adams again appointed him Minister to England, but bad health prevented him from entering upon his duties : and, return ing home, he died at Jamaica, Long Island, April 29, 1827. As a statesman, diplomat ist, and political writer, he displayed ^reat abilities, and he was the author of many of the papers written on the British Treaty iu 1794, over the signature of Camilins; as a man, he was universally respected and beloved. King, Rufus H. — He was bom iu New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857: minister to Italy in 1663. He was the grandson of Rufus King. King, T. Butler. — He was bom in Hampden, Hampshire County, Massachu setts, August 27, .1804; was educated at Westfield Academy; studied law, and re moved to Georgia in 1 623, where he devoted himself to planting. In the years 1832, 1834, 1635, and 1637, he was a member ot the State Senate ; and he was a Represent- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 217 ative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1839 to 1843, and again from 1845 to 1847, and for another term ending with 1849, serving much of the time on the Committee on Naval Affairs, in which he took especial interest. He was also a member, in 1 833, of the Milledgeville Convention; in 1836, of the Macon Railroad Convention ; and, in 1840. of the Young Men's Convention at Baltimore ; besides serving as the Presi dent of various canal and railroad compa nies. He subsequently became a resident of California, but returned to Georgia, and was elected, in 1859, a Senator in the State Legislature. He was for two years Col lector of the Port of San Francisco ; was identified with the Great Rebellion as a Commissioner to Europe ; and died in Georgia, May 10, 1864. King, William R. — Born in North Carolina, April 7, 1786; received a good education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1806; was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1811 to 1816; he resigned that position and accompanied William Pinckney to Europe, as Secretary of Legation ; and, on his return from Europe, he settled in the Territory of Alabama, and devoted him self to planting. He was a member of the Convention which formed the State Consti tution of Alabama ; in 1819 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Alabama, where he continued until 1844, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, Commerce, and other important committees ; in that year he was appointed Minister to France, and continued there two years ; in 1846 he was again elected to the United States Senate, where he re mained until elected Vice-President of the United States in 1852. During the Twenty- fourth, Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth, Thirty- first, and Thirty-second Congresses, he officiated as President pro tern, of the Senate, and as a presiding officer, as well as a man, commanded universal respect. At the time of his election as Vice-Presi dent his health was feeble, and, when the time arrived for taking the constitutional oath of that office, he was in Cuba, and the oath was administered by the American Consul there. He returned to his planta tion at Cahawba, Alabama, April 17, 1852, and died on the following day. Kingsbury, William W. — Born in Towanda, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, June 4, 1828. He was self-educated ; he wasbred a farmer, emigrated to Minnesota, and in the year 1855 was first elected a member of the Minnesota Legislature, and again in 1856. In 1857 was Delegate to the Convention for framing a Constitution for Minnesota, and elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress. Kinloch, Francis. — He was a Delegate, from South CaroUna, to the Continental Congress, from 1780 to 1781. Kinnard, George L. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1833 to 1837, and died at Cincinnati, No vember 26, 1838, from injuries received on the sixteenth of that month on board the steamboat Flora, which exploded near that city. Kinney, John Fitch. — Born in New Haven, Oswego County, New York, April 2, 1816 ; received an academical education, studied law, settled in Marysville, Ohio, and was admitted to practice at "Court and Banc" in 1837. In 1839 he removed to Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he practiced law until 1844, when he removed to Lee County, Iowa ; held the office of Secretary of the Legislative Council for the Territory, and also that of District Attorney. Upon the admission of Iowa as a State he was appointed one of the Judges of the Supreme Court, holding the office two years, when lie was elected to the same by the Legis lature for six years. In 1853 he was ap pointed, by President Pierce, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Utah, and went to that Territory in 1854 ; in 1857 removed to Nebraska Territory, aud settled in the practice of law ; in 1860, by President Buchanan, he was again appointed Chief Justice of Utah, holding that office until 1863, when he was elected, by a unanimous vote, a Delegate from Utah to the Thirty- eighth Congress. Kinsey, Charles. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1817 to 1819, and from 1820 to 1821. Kinsey, James. — He was a Delegate, from New Jersey, to the Continental Con gress, from 1774 to 1775, when he resigned his seat. He was active in the cause of the Revolution, and was a member of the Committee of Correspondence for Burling ton County. In 1789 he was appointed Chief Justice of New Jersey. He died at Burlington, January 4, 1802, aged seventy. Kinsley, Martin. — He was bom in Bridgewater, Massachusetts, June 2, 1754 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1778, and studied medicine ; performed some service in the Revolutionary war, and was US BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. chosen a Delegate to the Convention for forming the Constitution of his native State ; served'in the Legislature of Massachusetts about thirty years ; he was also at different periods a member of the State Council ; a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; Judge of Probate ; and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1619 to 1,-21. He died June 20, 1635. Kirkland, Joseph. — He w-as born in Old Norwich, Connecticut, in 1771 ; grad uated at Yale College in 1790 ; removed to Utica, New York, and was the first Mayor of that city ; sen-ed frequently in the State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1821 to 1823! He died at Utica. Januarv 26, 1644. Kirkpatrick, Littleton. — Born in New Bruuswick, New Jersey ; graduated at Princeton College in 1815 ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1643 to 184o. He was also for five years Surrogate of the County of Mid dlesex. Kirkpatrick, William. — He was bom in Aniwell, Hunterdon County, New Jer sey, in November, 1766 : was educated at Princeton College, graduating in 1788 ; studied medicine, aud was admitted to practice in 1795 ; in 1806 he removed to Salina, New Y'ork, and became Superinten dent of Salt the Springs ; was a Represent ative in Congress, from 1607 to 1809, from New Y'ork ; and died of cholera, at Salina, September 2, 1832. Kirkwood Samuel J. — He was born iu Harford County, Maryland, December 20, 1813. and received an academical edu cation in Washington city. In 1635 he re moved to Ohio, where he studied law and came to the bar in 1643 ; for four years he was Prosecuting Attorney for Richland County ; was amember of the State Consti tutional Convention of 1650 ; removed to Iowa in 1655 : was elected to the Senate of that State in 1856 ; was Governor of Iowa from the beginning of 1;60 to the begin ning of 1604 ; and in January, 1866, he was elected a Senator in Congress from Iowa for the unexpired term of James Harlan, ending in March, 1867. and serv ing on the Committees on Pensions and Public Lauds. Kirtland, Dorrance. — He was born in New Y'ork ; graduated at Y'ale College, in 1789; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1617 to 1819. Kitchell, Aaron. — Born in Morris County, New Jersey; was a warm sup porter of the Revolution ; a Representative in Congress, from New- Jersey, from 1791 to 1793, from 1794 to 1797, and from 1799 to 1601 : and a Senator in Congress from 1605 to 1609, when he resigned. He was also a member of the State Legislature. Kittera, John W. — He was a graduate of Princeton College in 1776 ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1791 to 1801, when he was ap pointed United States District Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Kittera, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsvlvania, from 1826 to 1627. Kittredge, George W. — He was bom in New Hampshire ; a physician by profes sion ; a member of the Legislature for three years, in 1 647 . 1 85 1 , and J 652, officiat ing as Speaker in 1652 ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1653 to 1655. Klingensmith, John, Jr.— He was bom in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1635 to 1839. Knapp, Anthony L. — Born in Middle- town, Delaware County, New Y'ork, June 14, 1628 ; removed with his father to Hli- nois in 1839; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1849, settling in the town of Jersey ville ; in 1658 he was elected to the Senate of Illinois, attending the ses sions of 1659 and 1861 ; and in the latter year he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Iu 1662 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Knapp, Chauncey L.— He was bom in Berlin, Vermont, February 26, 1809. He commenced the active business of life by serving an apprenticeship of seven years in a printing office in Montpelier ; was elected Reporter for the Legislature in 1 633 ; was co-proprietor and editor for some years of the State Journal; was elected Secretary of the State in 1836, in which capacity he served four years ; and remov ing to Massachusetts he was elected Sec retary of the Massachusetts Senate in 1851; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth, and re-elected to the Thirty- fifth Congress, and was a member of the BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 219 Committee on Territories. To him was awarded the credit, while editing the Jour nal, of first nominating General Harrison for the Presidency, which resulted in his obtaining the electoral votes of Vermont four years before he was really elected. Mr. Knapp's tastes have led him to the study of mechanics, and in all his public positions he has paid particular atteution to the mechanical interests of his con stituents. Knickerbacker, Herman. — He was born in New York in 1780, and w-as a descendant, in the third generation, of one of the original emigrants to New York. He early engaged in politics, and was a member of Congress, from 1809 to 1811, as a Federalist ; but during President Jack son's administration he became a Demo crat. He died in Williamsburg, New York, January £0, 1855. This was the person to whom Irving playfully alluded in the preface to his Knickerbocker as ' 'my cousin the Congressman." Knight, Jonathan. — Born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, November 22, 1787, and removed with his parents, in 1801, to East Bethlehem, Washington County. He was mostly self-educated, *nd became a school teacher, and surveyor of lands. In 1816 he was appointed by the State Gov ernment to make and report a map of his county. He served three years as«County Commissioner, and was appointed, in 1827, a Commissioner to extend the National Road between Cumberland and Wheeling, through Ohio and Indiana to the eastern line of Illinois. In 1822 he was elected to the Legislature, and served six years. In 1828 he visited England to acquire a thorough knowledge of civil engineering, and on his return w-as appointed Chief Engineer on the Baltimore and Ohio Road. He was elected, in 1854, a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Congress, from Penn sylvania ; after that time he was engaged in agriculture. He died in Washington County, November 22, 1858. Knight, Nehemiah. — He was a native of Rhode Island ; a farmer by occupation ; a prominent politician of the Federal school, and a Representative in Congress, from 1803 to 1808. Knight, Nehemiah R. — Born in Crans ton, Rhode Island, December 31 , 1780 ; was chiefly self-educated ; at the age of twenty-twb was elected to the State Legis lature ; in 1805 he was elected Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in Providence ; in 1812 he was chosen Clerk of the Circuit Court, and served until 1817 ; he was also for many years President of the Roger Williams Bank ; he was elected Governor of Rhode Island in 1817, and re-elected in 1819 and 1820; he was appointed, by President Madison, during the war with England, Collector of Providence ; and he was a Senator in Congress, from 1821 to 1841. He was a member, in 1843, of the State Constitutional Convention, after which he retired to private life. He died at Providence, Rhode Island, April 19, 1854. He was a man of sterling character, and a true patriot. Knowlton, Ebenezer. — He was born in New Hampshire ; was educated for the ministry; was elected to the Maine Legis lature in 18*4, 1846, and 1848, serving during his second year as Speaker; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1855 to 1857. Knox, James. — Born in Canajoharie, Montgomery County, New York, July 4, 1807 ; graduated at Yale College in 1830 ; studied law at Utica, New York, and was admitted to the bar in 1833. In. 1836 he located at Knoxville, Illinois, where he has since resided, giving his attention chiefly to mercantile and agricultural pursuits. In 1847 he was a member of the Consti tutional Convention of Illinois, and in 1852 was elected a Representative in the Thirty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth. He subsequently became blind, and visited Europe with a view of recovering his sight. Knox, Samuel. — He was elected a Rep resentative from Missouri to the Thirty- eighth Congress, having successfully con tested the seat occupied by F. P. Blair, jr., and taking his own seat near the close of the first session. Koontz, William H. — He was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-ninth Congress, having successfully contested the seat of A. H. Coffroth, and taking his seat near the close of the first session of the Thirty-ninth Congress. Krebs, Jacob. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1826 to 1827. Kremer, George. — Born iu Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in 1775, and died in Union County, Pennsylvania, September 11, 1854. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1829. 220 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Kuhns, Joseph H. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative iu Congress, from that State, from 1651 to 1853. Kunkel, Jacob M. — Was born in Frederick, Maryland, July 23, 1822; grad uated at the University of Virginia in 1 843 ; studied law, and commenced practice in 1846 ; and in 1850 was elected to the Mary land Senate for six years, but the change in the State Constitution cut short his term. He was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congiess, serving on the Committee on Accounts. Kunkel, John C— Born in Pennsyl vania; a lawyer by profession; and a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress from his native State, and a member of the Committee on Claims. Kurtz, William H. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and w-as a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Kuykendall, Andrew J. — He was bom in Gallatin County, Illinois, March 3, 1815 ; was chiefly self-educated ; studied, adopted, and practiced the profession of law. From 1842 to 1846 he was a member of the Illinois Legislature, and in the State Senate from 1850 to 1862. As a volunteer he entered the Thirty-first regiment of Illi nois infantry in 1861, was elected major, and sen-ed until 1662, when he resigned on account of his health ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads and on Mileage. Labranch, Alcea.— He was bom in Louisiana, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 16-13 to 1645. Lacock, Abner. — Born in Virginia in 1770. Without the advantage of much early education, he raised himself by his talents to eminence as a legislator, states man, and civilian. He filled various public stations for a period of nearly forty years : was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 to 1613, and United States Senator from 1813 to 1619. He died in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, April 12, 1-37. Laflin, Addison H. — He was born in Lee, Berkshire Country, Massachusetts, October 24, 1823; graduated at Williams College in 1843; and having removed to Herkimer County, New York, became ex tensively engaged in the business of manu facturing paper. In 1857 he was elected to the Senate of New York; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Printing. Lalim, Samuel. — Born in Leitersburg, Maryland, April 22, 1812. His education was limited, yet his first earnings were the result of teaching school. In March, 1835, he removed to Indiana, and studied law, and then settled in Ohio. In 1637 he was elected Master in Chancery ; in 1842 a State Senator; at various times to high positions in the militia ; and to Congress, as a Representative, in 1 647, where he re mained until 1849. Lake, William A. — He was born in Maryland ; graduated at Washington Col lege, in Pennsylvania; studied law; served in the Legislature of Maryland ; removed to Mississippi^ practiced his profession there with success ; was elected to the Senate of that State ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Mississippi, during the Thirty-fourth Congress. Lamar, Henry G. — He was bom in Georgia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1829 to 1833. Lamar, L. Q. C. — He is a native of Georgia, having been born in 1820; but removed to Mississippi, studied law, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fifth Congress from that State, serving on the Committee of Elections. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Joined the Great Rebellion in 1861. Lamb, Alfred W. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from Missouri, from 1847 to 1649; Lambert, John. — He was a Repre sentative iu Congress, from New Jersey, from 1605 to 1809; and from 1809 to 1815 he was a member of the United States Senate. During the years 1602 and 1803 he performed the duties of Governor of New Jersey ; served many years in the Legis lature of that State ; and died in February. 1823, aged seventy-five years. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 221 Lancaster, Columbia. — He was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Washington, during the years 1854 and 1855. Landrum, John M. — He was born in Edgefield District, South Carolina, July 3, 1815 ; obtained the greater part of his edu cation after he became of age by his own exertions ; graduated at the South Caro lina College in 1842; taught school and studied law at the same time ; in 1845 re moved to Louisiana, and settled at Shreve- port; and was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as « member of the Com mittee on Expenses in the Post Office De partment. Resigned in February, 1861. Landry, J. Aristide. — He was born in Louisiana, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Landy, James. — He was horn in Phila delphia, Pennsylvania, October 13, 1813; received his education in his native city ; •devoted himself for a time to the occupation of a builder ; studied law, but abandoned the profession, and turnei his attention to mercantile pursuits. He has devoted much of his attention to the Public School Sys tem of Philadelphia, and has held the positions of Commissioner and President of the Board of School Commissioners. In 1856 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty -fifth Congress from ' Pennsyl vania, and was a member of the Committee 4in Commerce. Lane, Amos. — He was born in New- York, but emigrated to the Ohio river in 1804 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1833 to 1839, having previously been a member of the State Legislature, and served one session as Speaker. He was a lawyer of the first ability, and filled a conspicuous place in the history of Indiana. He died in Law reneeburg, in that State, in 1650. He was the father of H. S. and J. H. Lane. Lane, Henry S. — He was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, February 24, 1811 ; received a good common school education, and, under a tutor, some knowl edge of the classics ; studied law in Ken tucky, but removed to Indiana, and was admitted to the bar in that State ; in 1837 he was elected to the Indiana Legislature; was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1841 to 1843; served as a Lieutenant Colonel of volunteers under General Taylor, in the war with Mexico, in 1846 ; in 1859 he was elected to the United States Senate to contest the seat of J. D. Bright, but was denied the seat ; in 1861 he was elected Governor of Indiana ; but two days after his inauguration he was again elected a Senator in Congress, from Indiana, for the term ending in 1867, ser ving on the Committees on Military Affairs and of Pensions, Patents and the Patent Office, Expenses in the Senate, and as Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills. He was one of the Senators desig nated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. His father, Amos Lane, was in Congress for six years. Lane, James Henry. — He was born in Lawreneeburg, Indiana, June 22, 1814; on reaching his majority, he was elected to the City Council of Lawreneeburg,' and frequently re-elected; in a subordinate capacity he took part in the war with Mexico ; in 1849 he was Lieutenant Gov ernor of Indiana ; was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1853 to 1855; settled in Kansas and took an active part in politics ; he was^President of the Topeka Constitutional Convention, and was elected by the people Major General of the free State troops ; in 1857 he was President of the Leavenworth Constitutional Conven tion, and again chosen Major General of the territorial troops ; on the admission of Kansas into the Union he was chosen a Senator in Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Indian Affairs and Agriculture ; and he was re-elected for the term ending in 1871, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee ou Agriculture and a member of that on Territories. During the early part of the Rebellion he was commissioned by President Lincoln a Brigadier General of volunteers ; and was a member of the Balti more Convention of 1864. On the 1st of July, 1866, while at Fort Leavenworth, ou leave of absence from the Senate on ac count of deranged health, he shot himself with a pistol, and thus came to his death. He was a son of Amos Lane. Lane, Joseph. — Born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, December 14, 1801. In bis fifteenth year he became a clerk in a mercantile house in Indiana, and in 1822 was chosen a member of the Legis lature of that State, serving in that capa city, with occasional intervals, until 1846. He participated in the war with Mexico, ac quitting himself with credit atBuena Vista and on other fields, and was appointed, by President Polk, a Brigadier General. In 1849 he was appointed Governor of the 222 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Territory of Oregon, without his solicita tion, and organized the government; and was elected a Delegate to Congress, in 1651, where he was retained by his con stituents until the admission of Oregon as a State, when he took his seat as a Senator in Congress in 1859, serving as such until 1 861 . In 1 860 he was nominated for Vice President on the ticket with Mr. Breckin ridge, but was defeated. Langdon, Chauncey. — He graduated at Y'ale College in 1787 ; w-as a Represent ative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1815 to 1817, and died in 1830. He also served seven years in the Legislature of the State, and was a State Councillor for nine years. Langdon, John. — He was educated for mercantile pursuits, and afterwards prose cuted business on the sea, until the com mencement of the controversy with Great Britain. He was one of the party which removed the powder and the military stores from Fort William and Mary, at New Cas tle, New Hampshire, in 1774. In 1775 and 1776 he was chosen a Delegate to Con gress, from New- Hampshire. Command ing a company of volunteers, he served, for awhile, in Vermont and Rhode Island. In his own State, he was, in 1776 and 1777, Speaker of the House, and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. In 1779 he ' was Continental agent in New Hampshire. and contracted for the building of several ships-of-war. In 1763 he w-as again ap pointed Delegate to Congress ; was after wards repeatedly a member of the Legisla ture, and Speaker ; and was a member of the Convention that framed the Constitution, signing his name to that instrument. In March, 1763, he was chosen Governor of the State, and from 1789 to 1 801 he was Senator of the United States, and President of the Senate pro tern, during the First Congress, and part of the Second. From 1805 to"l806, and again in 1810 and 1611, he w-as Gover nor of the State. He died in Portsmouth, September 18, 1819, aged seventy-eight. Langdon, Woodbury. — He was a Del egate from New Hampshire to the Conti nental Congress in 1779 and 1760. Langworthy, Edward. — He was aDel- egate from Georgia to the Continental Con gress from 1777 to 1779, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. Lanman, James.— Born in Norwich, Connecticut, June 14. 1769 ; graduated at Y'ale College, in 176-' ; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1791, and settled as a lawyer in his native town; he was a mem ber of the Convention w-hich formed the first Constitution of Connecticut in 1818; served two years in the Lower House of the Legislature in 1317 and 1832, and one year as a State Senator in 1819 ; and was for five years Attorney for the State, for New- London County, from 1814 to 1819, acquiring great local distinction by his abilities. He was elected a Senator in Congress, serving from 1619 to 1825, din ing one Congress as Chairman of the Com mittees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and Contingent Expenses of the Senate, and voted with the South ou the Missouri Compromise : during the Seventeenth Con gress, he was at one time member of four committees, viz., that of Commerce and Manufactures, the Militia, District of Col umbia, and the Contingent Expenses of the Senate. He was appointed, by the ' Governor, to a second term in the Senate, during a recess of the Legislature and be fore the vacancy occurred, and by a small majority the Senate decided that the ap pointment was without authority of law. He was subsequently Judge of the Su preme and Superior Courts of Connecticut, for three years, from 1826 to 1629, and from 1.631 to 1834 he was Mayor of Nor wich, where he died. August 7, 1641. Lansing, Gerrit Y. — He was born in New Y'ork, served four years in the Legis lature of that State, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1631 to 1637. He has also been a Regent of the University of New York. Lansing, John. — He was a Delegate, from New Y'ork, to the Continental Con gress, from 1764 to 1788 : and also a mem ber of the Convention that formed the Fed eral Constitution, which he opposed, and consequently left the Convention, defining his position in a published letter. Lansing, William E. — Was born in the town of Sullivan, Madison County, New Y'ork, iu 1822; studied law at Utica, and commenced the practice in 1645: in 1850 he was elected District Attorney of Madison County: in 1857, Clerk of the'same Coun ty: and iu 1660 he was elected a Repre sentative, from New Y'ork, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Laporte, John. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 223 Larrabee, Charles H. — Born in Rome, Oneida County, New York, November 9, 1820 ; when quite young accompanied his father to Ohio, and was educated at Gran ville College ; after devoting some attention to practical engineering, ho studied law, and was admitted to the. bar in 1841, at Pontotoc, Mississippi ; in 1644 he settled in Chicago, Illinois, and edited for a time the Democratic Advocate ; served one term as City Advocate for Chicago ; in 1847 he set tled in Wisconsin, and became a member of the Convention to form a State Constitu tion ; in 1 848 he was elected a Circuit Judge, and after serving ten years, resigned, and was elected a Representative, from Wiscon sin, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenses in the War Department. He subsequently entered the army in the volunteer service, and had command as Colonel of a regiment from his State. La Sere, Emile. — He was born in Lou isiana, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1846 to 1S47. and also for the two following terms, end ing in 1851. Latham, George R. — Born in Prince William County, Virginia, March 9, 1832 ; educated at country schools and at home ; studied law, while teaching school, and was admitted to the bar in 1859; edited a campaign paper at Grafton, West Virginia, in 1860; entered the army in 1861 as Cap tain, and was made Colonel of the Second Virginia infantry; and he was elected a Representative, from West Virgini a, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Printing and Public Buildings aud Grounds. Latham, Milton S. — Was born iu Columbus, Ohio, May 23, 1827 ; graduated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1845; soon afterwards removed to Alaba ma, where he studied law ; was appointed, in 1848, Clerk of the Circuit Court for Rus sell County ; removed to California in 1850, and was there appointed Clerk of the Re corder's Court in San Francisco ; he was soon afterwards chosen District Attorney for the counties of Sacramento aud El Do rado, which he held until 1851. In 1852 he was elected a Representative, from Cali fornia, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, de clining a re-election ; he was appointed, in 1855, by President Pierce, Collectcr of San Francisco, which office he held until 1857 ; having been elected Governor of California, three days after his inauguration, in Janu ary, 1 860, he was elected a Senator in Con gress, from California, for six years, serv ing on the Committees on Military Affairs, ¦and on Post Offices and Post Roads. Lathrop, Samuel. — Bom in Hampden County, Massachusetts, in 1771 ; graduated at Y'ale College in 1792 ; studied law, and attained a high position at the bar; was a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1818 to 1826. He was also a member of the. Massachusetts Senate for ten years, and President of that body in 1829 and 1830. He died in West Spring field, July 11, 1846. Lattimer, Henry. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1794 to 1795, and a Senator in Congress, from 1795 to 1601. when he resigned. Lattimore, William. — Born in Nor folk, Virginia, February 9, 1774, where he received a limited education; he studied medicine; removed to the Territory of Mississippi ; and was a Delegate to Con gress, from that Territory, from 1803 to 1807, and from 1813 to 1817. He was also a Delegate to the Convention which formed the first Constitution of Mississippi ; after which he retired to private life, and died April 3, 1843. Laurens, Henry. — He was born in South Carolina, and an early opponent of Great Britain ; was a member of the Caro lina Congress of 1775, and elected its Presi dent ; was Vice-President under the tem porary Constitution ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1777 to 1780, and chosen President of that body during the former year, and signed the Articles of Confederation ; in 1780 he was sent abroad to negotiate a loan with Holland, but hav ing been captured by a British vessel off Newfoundland, he was sent to England, and imprisoned in the Tower for more than a year, for high treason. The papers taken from his person caused a war between Eng land and Holland. He petitioned Parlia ment for release, and when set at liberty- went to Paris, where he signed the prelimi naries of peace in 1782, as a Commissioner appointed by Congress; returned to Ame rica iu 1783, and died in Charleston iu 1792, in the sixty-ninth year of his age. Law, John. — Was born in New- London, Connecticut, in 1796; graduated at Yale College in 1814 ; studied law, and was ad mitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Connecticut in 1817, and soon afterwards emigrated to the Territory of Indiana, locat ing himself at Vincennes. Soon after ar- 221 BIOG RAP HICAL RECORDS. riving in the West he was elected a Prose cuting Attorney, and in 1823 a member of the Legislature; he was again elected At torney for his district, and held that position until promoted to a Judgeship, which office he held by re-elections for eight years. In 1636 he was appointed by President Van Buren Receiver of Public Moneys at Vin cennes, holding the office four years. In 1655 he w-as appointed by President Pierce Judge of the "Court of Land Claims," to adjudicate the claims of the old inhabitants of Indiana and Illinois, and was reap pointed in 1856. He subsequently removed to Evansville, where he resumed thepractice of his profession. In 1860 he was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Library, and on Revo lutionary Pensions. Like Mr. Charles F. Adams, Mr. John Law can mention the fact, with excusable pride, that his father, Lyman Law, as well as his grandfather, Richard Law, both served their country as members of Congress, aud witnessed the same events in our country's history. Amasa Learned, who was also his grand father on his mother's side, was in the first Congress that sat under the Constitution. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Agri culture and Revolutionary Pensions, and the Select Committee on Emigration. As Chairman of the Committee ou Pensions, he drew up and reported the bill giving to the soldiers of the Revolution, twelve only surviving, one hundred dollars per annum, which bill passed unanimously. He is partial to historical studies, and was Presi dent of the State Historical Society of In diana, until his entrance into Congress. Law, Lyman. — Born at New London, Connecticut, August 19, 1770; graduated at Y'ale College in 1791 ; studied law with his father, Richard Law-, (who -was a mem ber of the Continental Congress,) and practiced at New London. After serving in the Legislature of the State, and being Speaker of the House of Representatives, he was elected to Congress, and repre sented his State in that body from 1611 to 1617. He died in New London, February 3, 16-12. Law, Richard.— Bora at Milford, Con necticut, March 17, 1733; graduated at Y'ale College in 1751 ; studied law, and practiced in New London, attaining the highest eminence in his profession. He was President Judge of the County Court, and Judge of the Supreme Court. Was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1776, and also from 1781 to 1784. After the adoption of the Federal Constitu tion he was appointed United States Dis trict Judge, which office he held till his death, which occurred January 26, 1806. •Lawler, Joab. — Born in North Caro lina, June 12, 1796 ; was educated for the ministry, and became a clergyman of the Baptist Church. In 1626 he was elected to the lower house of the Alabama Legis lature, and was re-elected until 1831, in which year he was elected to the State Senate. In 1832 he was appointed Re ceiver of Public Moneys for the Coosa Land District, and held the office until 1835. In 1833 he was elected Treasurer of the University of Alabama. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ala bama, from 1835 to 1838. He died in Washington, May 6, 1638, during the first session of his second term. Lawrence, Abbott. — Born in Groton, Massachusetts, December 16, 1792. His education was obtained at a district school and at Groton Academy ; and in 1808 he went to Boston, and became a clerk in the store of his brother Amos. In 1814 he was admitted as a partner in the concern, and for many years the twain prosecuted a very extensive importing business, and laid the foundation of their several for tunes. He was the travelling partner, and visited Europe a number of times. He subsequently became one of the foremost men iu building up American manufac tures, and the flourishing city of Lawrence was the offspring of his enterprise. In 1 827 he was a Delegate to the Harrisburg Convention. He sen-ed in the Common Council of Boston in 1831 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1837, and again in 1839 and 1840. In 1842 he was appointed a Commissioner to arrange the Northeastern Boundary Ques tion ; was a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; in 1849 he was invited by President Taylor into bis Cabinet, but declined ; he subse quently accepted, however, the appoint ment of Minister to England, where he acquitted himself with credit. He founded a scientific school in Cambridge, and his gifts and bequests to various charitable and religious societies proved him to be a man of many noble qualities. Died in Boston, August 18, 1855. Lawrence, Cornelius Van Wyck — He was born in Flushing, Long Island, February 28, 1791 ; spent his boyhood working on his father's farm, and acquiring a good English education; and, on ar- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 225 riving at the age of manhood, removed to New York City, with which, as a business man, he has been identified ever since. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York City, from 1832 to 1834 ; for two years following he was Mayor of the City of New Y'ork ; in 1836 President of the Electoral College for President; and for twenty years he held the honor able position of President of the Bank of the State of New York. Among other positions of trust and responsibility which, with the above, have tended to give him a high reputation, may be mentioned the fol lowing: Director of the Branch Bank of the United States and the Bank of America, Trustee of the New York Life and Trust Company, and of numerous Fire and Ma rine Insurance Companies. In 1856 ill health compelled Mr. Lawrence to retire from the pursuits of active life, and he spent the closing years of his life in peace, on the spot where his ancestors have re sided for two hundred years. Died at Flushing, February 20, 1861. Lawrence, George V. — He was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1818, his father, Joseph Lawrence, hav ing been in Congress before him. He re ceived a liberal education, and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1844, 1847, 1858, and 1859, and to the State Senate in 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, and 1860, officiating as Speaker during the last term; frequently served in the Conventions of the State ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Invalid Pensions. Lawrence, John. — He was born in the county of Cornwall, England, in 1750 and emigrated to the city of New York in 1767. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1772, and in 1775 was com missioned in the First New York Regi ment, and served to the end of the Revolu tionary War, his several grades having been Aide-de-Camp to his relative, Colonel McDougal, Judge Advocate, and General, in which latter capacity he conducted the court-martial called to try Major Andre\ In 1783 he resumed the practice of his profession in New Y'ork. In 1785 and 1786 he was a member of the First Con gress. In 1789 he was elected a State Senator, and during that year was elected, by a five-sixths vote, a Representative in the Federal Congress, serving from 1789 to 1793 ; was appointed by Washington, in 15 1794, Judge of the United States District Court for New York ; and was a Senator in Congress, from 1796 to 1800, serving for a short time as President pro tern, of that body, when he resigned, and retired to private life. He died in 1810. Lawrence, John W. — He was born in New York; served two years in the As sembly of that State, from Queen's Coun ty ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1847. Lawrence, Joseph. — He was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania, in 1788; he served for nine years in the State Legis lature, two sessions as Speaker ; one year as State Treasurer; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1829, and again from 1841 to the time of his death, which occurred in Wash ington, District of Columbia, April 17, 1842. Lawrence, Samuel. — He was born in New York ; served seven years in the As sembly of that State ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from the same, from 1823 to 1825. Lawrence, Sidney. — He was bom in Vermont, but removed to New- York, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1S47 to 1849. Lawrence, William. — Born in Wash ington, Guernsey County, Ohio, Septem ber 2, 1814 ; graduated at Jefferson Col lege, Pennsylvania, in September, 1835 ; engaged in mercantile and agricultural pursuits ; and served in the Ohio Legisla ture in 1843. He was a Presidential Elec tor in 1848; a member of the Constitu tional Convention of Ohio in 1850-'51 ; State Senator in 1856-'57 ; and elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, officiating as Chairman of the Com mittee on Expenditures in the State De partment. Lawrence, 'William. — Bom in Mount Pleasant, Jefferson County, Ohio, June 26, 1819 ; graduated at Franklin College, Ohio, in 1838 ; taught school for a time, and in 1840 graduated with the degree of L. B. in the Law Department of Cincin nati College, coming to the bar in that year ; for one year he was a reporter and correspondent at Columbus for the "State Journal" and other papers ; in 1842 he was appointed Commissioner of Bankrupts 226 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. for Logan County; in 1845 he was made Prosecuting Attorney for the same Coun ty, resigning in one year; from 1845 to 1847 he was the Editor and Proprietor of the " Logan Gazette ; " in 1846 and 1847 he served in the State Legislature ; in 1646 w-as a member of the Senate; in 1651 he was elected Reporter for the Supreme Court of the State ; and in 1853 was again returned to the Senate, and is the author of the Ohio Free Banking Law. In 1856 he was elected a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for five years : re-elected in 1861, but resigned in 1664, when he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. During a part of his legal career he was editor of the "Western Law Monthly," and is the author of two unpublished legal produc tions ; in 1862 he had command, as Colo nel, of the Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteers for three months ; and in 1863 President Lincoln appointed him a Judge in Florida, which he declined. Lawrence, William T. — Born iu New Y'ork City, May 7, 1763 ; he was bred a merchant, and continued such until called into the service of the United States, in the war of 1812, as a Militia Captain of Artillery. Iu 1823 he removed to Cayuga County, New York, and settled on a farm. In 1838 he was chosen County Judge, and from 1847 to 1649 he -was a Representative in Congress ; he also served as Delegate to several nominating Conventions. Lawyer, Thomas. — He was a member of the New Y'ork Assembly, from Schoharie County, in 1616, and was a Representative in Congress, from New- Y'ork, from 1817 to 1819. Lay, George W. — He was born in New Y'ork ; liberally educated ; a lawyer by profession ; and was a member of the New- Y'ork Assembly, from Genesee Coun ty, in 1640, having been a Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1837. He was also appointed Charge d'Affaires to Sweden, by President Tyler, in 1842. Died at Bata- via, New Y'ork, October 21, 1660. Lazear, Jesse. — Was born in Greene County, Pennsylvania, December 12, 1604 ; received his early education from his pa rents, and worked on a farm until he became of age; served as a Clerk iu the Recorder's office ; in 1829 and 1832 he was appointed Register and Recorder for his county; and since that time (until 1804) he has held the position of Cashier of the Farmers' and Drovers' Bank of Waynes- burg. In 1860 he was elected a Repre sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thir ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Private Land Claims, and Chair man of that on Expenditures on the Pub lic Buildings ; and in 1862 he was re elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Ex penditures, and again on that relating to Public Buildings. Lea, Luke. — He -was born in Surry County, North Carolina, January 26, 1762 ; removed at an early day with his father to Tennessee, where he was for several yeats Clerk of the House of Representatives ; he served gallantly in Florida and in the Creek country, under General Jackson, in the Indian wars. He was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1833 to 1637, and for thirty years discharged the duties of Cashier of the State Bank, and Register of the State Land Office of Ten nessee. Iu 1849, he was appointed, by President Taylor, Indian Agent of the Fort Leavenworth Agency, and was highly es teemed by the Indians under his charge. He was returning to his residence, after making the Indian payments of his agency, when he was killed by a fall from his horse, June 17, 1851. Lea, Pryor. — Born in Knox County, Tennessee, in 1794 ; was educated at Green ville College ; studied law as a profession, and was admitted to the bar in 1617. He served with General Jackson in the Creek war, in 1813; was Clerk to the Legisla ture in 1616 ; United States District Attor ney in 1624 ; and a Representative iu Con gress, from Tennessee, from 1627 to 1831. In 1837 he removed to Jackson, Missis sippi, and in 1647 to Goliad, Texas. He projected the work called the "Central Transit," for building a railroad from Arkansas Bay to Mazatlan. and was Presi dent of the Company. Leach, De Witt C. — Born in Clarence, Erie County, New Y'ork, November 23, 1 822. He was self-educated : bred a farm er ; chosen a member of the Michigan Le gislature in 1849 and 1850 ; and a member of the Convention to revise the State Con stitution, in 1850 ; he was also State Libra rian in 1855 and 1856; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Michigan, serving as a member of the Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Busi ness ; also elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 227 gress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. Leach, James M. — Born in Lands- downe, Randolph County, North Carolina; received a good classical education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; served ten years in the Legislature of North Carolina ; and in 1859 was elected a Repre sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Leadbetter, D. P. — He was born iu Pennsylvania, and having removed to Ohio. was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1837 to 1841. Leake, Shelton P. — Born in Albemarle County, Virginia, November 30, 1812 ; re ceived a good English education ; taught for three years an "old field school;" studied law, and in his twenty-fifth year was admitted to the bar ; in 1842 he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates ; was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1845 to 1847 ; was a Presi dential Elector in 1849 ; in 1 851 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia; was a candidate for Governor in 1854, but was defeated ; and in 1859 he was re-elected to the Federal House of Representatives for the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Manufactures. Leake, Walter. — He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war ; in 1 821 was elected Governor of Mississippi, having previously served as Senator of the United States, from 1817 to 1820. He died at Mount Salus, Hinds County, Mississippi, November 17, 1825. Learned, Amasa.— Bom in Killingly, Connecticut, November 15, 1750, and died at New London, May 4, ,1825. He gradu ated at Y'ale College in 1772 ; studied di vinity, but preached for only a short time ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1801 to 1805. He had been a member of the Convention which ratified the Constitution of the United States; in 1818 was a member of the Con necticut Constitutional Convention; and afterwards frequently sat in the Assembly of his native State. Leary, Cornelius L. L. — Born in Balti more, October 22, 1813 ; was educated at St. Mary's College, in that city; in 1835 he engaged in business in Louisville, Ken tucky, but returned to Baltimore in 1837; in 1838 he was chosen a Delegate to the Maryland Assembly ; in 1847 he came to the bar ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; and in 1861, at a special election, he was elected a Representative, from Mary land, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Commerce. Leavitt, Humphrey H— He was born in Suffield, Connecticut, in June, 1796 ; removed at an early day with his father to the Western Reserve of Ohio ; received an academical education ; and adopted the profession of the law, having been admit ted to the bar in 1816 ; and he was a Rep resentative in Congress, from 1831 to 1834. He also served in the State Legislature, in the House in 1825 and 1826, aud in the Senate in 1827 ; and he has for many years been Judge of the District Court of Ohio, having been appointed, in 1834, by Presi dent Jackson. Le Blond, Francis C. — Was born in Ohio, and adopted the profession of law ; in 1851 he was elected for two years to the State Legislature : was re-elected in 1 853, and served as Speaker of that body ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Ex penditures. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, and Expenditures on the Public Buildings. Lecompte, Joseph. — He was bom in Woodford County, Kentucky ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1825 to 1833. Lee, Arthur. — He was a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 1784. Lee, Francis Lightfoot. — Bom iu Westmoreland County, Virginia, October 14, 1734, and was the brother of Richard Henry Lee ; he was well educated by pri vate tutors ; in 1 765 and 1766 he was elected to the House of Burgesses, and was a strong advocate of equal rights ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1780, and signed the Declaration of Independence, and also the Articles of Confederation; served in the State Legis lature ; and after retiring to private life, died in April, 1797. Lee, Gideon. — He was born in Am herst, Massachusetts, in 1777; in early life removed to the city of New York, where he became a leather merchant, and amassed a large fortune. He was at one time Mayor 228 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. of New York, a Presidential Elector, and a member of Congress during the years 1836 and 1837. He died at Geneva, New Y'ork, August 21, 1841. Lee, Henry. — Born in Virginia, Janu ary 29, 1756, and graduated at Princeton College in 1773. In 1776 he was appointed a Captain of cavalry, under Colonel Bland, and in September, 1777, he joined the main army. His skill in discipline and gallant bearing attracted the notice of Washington, and he was soon promoted to the rank of Major, with the command of a separate corps of cavalry, and then advanced to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. From 1780 to the end of the war he served under Greene. The services of Lee's Legion in various actions were very important. He particularly distinguished himself in the battle of Guilford; afterwards, he succeeded in capturing Fort Cornwallis, and other forts ; he was also conspicuous at Ninety- six, and at the Eutaw Springs. In 1786 he was appointed a Delegate in Congress, from Virginia, in which body he remained till the Constitution was adopted, having in the Convention of Virginia advocated its adoption. In 1791 he was chosen Governor of Virginia, and remained in office three years. By appointment of "Washington, he commanded the forces sent to suppress i the Whiskey Insurrection in Pennsylvania. I He was a member of Congress at the period , of Washington's death, in 1799, and was appointed, by Congress, to deliver a eulogy | on the occasion. He it was who first uttered the memorable saying in regard to | Washington, " First in peace, first in war, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." In 1601 he retired to private life, and in his last years he was distressed with pecu niary embarrassments ; while confined in 1 809 within the bounds of Spottsylvania County, for debt, he wrote his valuable ''Memoirs of the Southern Campaigns." In 1314, during the mob at Baltimore, he was one of the defenders, and was severely wounded, and carried to the jail for safety. Returning from the West Indies, where he had gone for health, he died at Cumberland Island, near St. Mary's, Georgia, March 25, 1818. Lee, Hemy B. — He was elected a Re presentative, from New Y'ork, to the Fif teenth Congress, but died before taking his seat. Lee, John. — Hew-as a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1823 to 1825. Lee, Joshua. — He was born in New Y'ork, and served three years in the Legis lature of that State, from Ontario and Y'ates counties, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1835 to 1837. Lee, M. Lindley. — Born in Minisink, Orange County, New Y'ork, May 29, 1805; spent his boyhood alternately workingupon a farm in summer and attending the dis trict school in winter ; when sixteen years of age commenced an academical course of study, and graduated at Union College in 1827 ; and having studied medicine and surgery, obtained a degree in 1830 from the College of Physicians and Sur geons of Western New York. While de voting himself to his profession he was appointed Postmaster of Fulton, Orange County, New York, serving from 1840 to 1844; he w-as elected in 1846 and 1847 to the Assembly of New York ; subsequently held the position, for three terms, of Com missioner of Loans for the State; was a member of the State Senate in 1855; and in 1 658 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-sixth Congress, from New Y'ork, serving as a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Lee, Richard Bland. — He was a native of Virginia, and a Representative in Con gress from 1789 to 1795, having previously served in the Continental Congress, and died in 1827. Lee, Richard Henry. — Was bom at | Stratford, Westmoreland County, Virginia, ' January 20, 1732, and was educated at Wakefield, Yorkshire, England. He had a seat in the House of Burgesses of Vir ginia, in 1757, and proposed there, in 1773, the formation of a Committee of Corre- spoudence. He had the honor of originat ing the first resistance to British oppression, in the time of the Stamp Act, in J 765. He w-as a member of the First Congress, in 1774, and in October prepared the draft of the memorial to the people of British America. In accordance with instructions from the Virginia Convention, he first pro posed in Congress a declaration of inde pendence, June 7, 1776, and a committee was appointed to prepare it ; and he was a signer of the adopted Declaration of Inde pendence, and of the Articles of Confedera tion. The second eloquent address to the people of Great Britain was drawn up by him ; and after the adoption of the Articles of Confederation he -withdrew from Con gress, but was re-elected in 1784, and chosen President of that body, serving till 1767. He contended for the necessity of BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 229 amendments to the Constitution previously to its adoption in 1789 ; and was a Senator, from Virginia, from 1789 to 1792, serving one session as President pro tern, of that body. He was the author of a number of political pamphlets, and his correspond ence was published in 1825. He died at Chantilly, Westmoreland County, Virginia, June 9, 1794. Lee, Silas. — He graduated at Harvard University iu 1734 ; served in the Massa chusetts Legislature in 1793, 1797, and 1798 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1799 to 1802; Judge of Probate from 1805 to 1814 ; for some years Chief Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; and he was appointed, by President Adams, United States District Attorney for Maine. Died in 1814. Lee, Thomas. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1833 to 1837 ; and died at Port Elizabeth, November 2, 1855. Lee, Thomas Sim. — He was bora in 1744 ; was Governor of Maryland from 1779 to 1783 ; a Delegate to the Continen tal Congress in 1783 and 1784 ; was a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution; was again Gov ernor from 1792 to 1794 ; and died in 1819. Leet, Isaac. — Born in Pennsylvania in 1802 ; was for several yeaTS in the Senate of that State; a Representative in Con gress from 1829 to 1831 ; and died at Wash ington, Pennsylvania, June 10, 1844. Lefevre, Joseph. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 to 1813. Lefferts, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815 ; a member of the State Con stitutional Convention of 1821 ; and a State Senator from 1822 to 1825. Leffier, Isaac. — Born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in November, 1788 ; was educated at Jefferson College; studied law, and settled in Wheeling, Virginia: in 1817 was elected to the Virginia Legis lature, where he served eight years ; in 1827 was elected a member of the Board of Public Works ; and he w-as a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1827 to 1829. In 1832 again elected to the Vir ginia Legislature; in 1835 removed to Burlington, Iowa; served two years in the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory; one year as Speaker ; one year in the Legisla ture of Iowa; in 1843 was appointed Mar shal of Iowa ; in 1849 Register of the Land Office at Stillwater, but declined ; in 1852 appointed Receiver of the same office, whence he was removed for opinion's sake. Leffier, Shepherd. — He was born in Pennsylvania ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Iowa, from 1846 to 1851 . Leftwich, Jabez. — He was born in Bedford County, Virginia, and was a Rep resentative iu Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1825. Leftwich, John W. — After the close of the Rebellion, in 1865, he was elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not admit ted to his seat until near the end of the first session of that Congress. (A proper notice of him is necessarily postponed until the next edition of this work. ) Legare, Hugh Swinton. — He was born at Charleston, South Carolina, January 2, 1797; graduated at the College of that State in 1814, and, after having studied law, went to Europe, where he remained until 1820, occupied with the pursuits of literature. On his return to Charleston he devoted himself to the practice of his pro fession and to agricultural pursuits. In 1830 he was appointed Attorney General of the State, and was the principal editor of the Southern Review. In 1832 he was appointed Charge d'Affaires of the United States to Belgium ; from 1837 to 1839 was a Representative of his native State in Congress; and in 1841 was appointed Attorney General of the United States by President Tyler, and also Acting Secretary of State. He died, suddenly, at Boston, June 20, 1843, while accompanying the Pre sident in his journey to attend the Bunker Hill Celebration. His fine taste as a writer, his eminent acquirements as a scholar, and his learning and eloquence as a lawyer, were known and appreciated throughout the Union. His writings were collected and published in 1846. Lehman, William E. — Born in Phila delphia, August 21, 1822; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1843 ; studied law, and, after practicing with suc cess, retired from the bar and travelled in Europe. By President Polk he was ap pointed an Examiner of Post Offices in New- York and Pennsylvania, his only office by appointment ; and he was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to 230 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Accounts. His family w-as one of note in Dresden, his father and grandfather having acquired distinction in the civil and military ser- Leib, Michael. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1799 to. 1806, when he resigned, and a %nator of the United States from 1806 to 1614, and in the latter year he was ap pointed Postmaster at Philadelphia. He also served in the Legislature of Pennsyl vania both before and after his election to Congress. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1609. Died in Philadelphia, December 26, 1822, aged sixty-three years. Leib, Owen D. — Born in Schuylkill, Pennsylvania, the youngest of nine bro thers ; received a common school and clas sical education ; studied medicine, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical Institu tion in Philadelphia ; practiced his profes sion in Columbia County ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress from Pennsylvania from 1845 to 1847, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. Died June 17, 1846. Leidy, Paul. — Born in Hemlock, Co lumbia County, Pennsylvania, November 21, 1613. He was educated at a common school ; the early part of his life was de voted to agricultural pursuits; from the age of sixteen to twenty-four he followed the business of a tailor ; taught school, and having studied law at the same time, has since practicea that profession. He was for five years District Attorney for Montour County; for a short time Super intendent of Common Schools for the same county ; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty -fifth Congress from Pennsyl vania, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Roads and Canals. Leigh, Benjamin Watkius. — Born in Virginia in 1762, and died at Richmond, February 2, 1649. He was one of the most eminent men of his State, well known as a lawyer and public man. From 1829 to 1841 he was Reporter of the State ; fre quently a member of the House of Dele gates; a member of the Convention of 1830 for revising the State Constitution; and a Senator in Congress from 1634 to 1837. Leiper, George G. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829to 1831. Leiter, Benjamin F. — He was bom in Leitersburg, Washington County, Mary land, October 13, 1813. He was chiefly educated by his father; taught school in Maryland from 1830 to 1834; removed to Ohio and taught there until 1842, after which he was admitted to the bar and de voted himself to the practice of law, in w-hich he was successful ; he was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1848, and was chosen temporary Chairman, by the Demo crats, acting as such throughout the long contest of that year between his party and the Whigs, which is now spoken of in Ohio as the "days of the revolution;" in 1649 he was re-elected and chosen Speaker; and in 1854 he was elected to Congress, and re-elected to each successive Congress, . serving as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Lent, James. — He w-as a member of Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1829 to 1833, and died in Washington, February 24, 1833. He was Chairman of the Com mittee on Expenditures in the Department of State. Leonard, George. — Born in Boston, July 4, 1729 ; graduated at Harvard Col lege in 1743 ; a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1789 to 1793, and from 1795 to 1797 ; a man of unusual wealth; for his learning was made a Doctor of Laws ; and died at Newton, Massachusetts, July 26, 1819. His de scendants are numerous, and many of them distinguished. Leonard, Moses G— He was bom in Connecticut ; was a Representative in Con gress, from New Y'ork, from 1843 to 1845; and was for several years Commissioner of Emigration in the city of New York. Leonard, Stephen B— He was born in New York : and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1637, and again from 1639 to 1841. Letcher, John.— Bom in Lexington, Rockbridge County, Virginia, March 29, 181 3 ; he commenced his classical studies at Washington College, and completed his education at Randolph Macon Colbge; adopted the profession of law, and was ad mitted to practice in 1839 ; during that year he established, and for a time edited, the "Valley Star," in Lexington; was a member of the Convention for Reforming the Constitution of Virginia in 1850 ; and was elected a Representative in the Thirty- second, Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 231 Thhty-fifth Congresses, serving generally as a member of the Committee of Ways and Means. He was, in 1859, elected by the democracy of Virginia Governor of that Commonwealth. He was also a Presi dential Elector in 1849. Letcher, Robert P. — He was born in Goochland County, Virginia; received a good education, and adopted the profession of law. He served a number of years in the State Legislature, and was at one time elected Speaker of the House ; was a Presidential Elector in 1837 ; and a Rep resentative in Congress from 1823 to 1835 ; Governor of Kentucky from 1840 to 1844 ; and in 1849 was appointed Minister to Mexico. Died in Frankfort, Kentucky, January 24, 1861. Levin, Lewis C. — He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, November 1 0, 1 808 ; received a liberal education, hay ing graduated at Columbia College, South Carolina ; adopted the profession of law-, and practiced the same in Maryland, Louisiana, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1847 to 1851, generally serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. To him is generally awarded the credit of having founded, in 1843, the Native Ameri can Party. Died in Philadelphia, March 14, 1860. Lewis, Abner. — He was bom in New York ; was a member of the Assembly of that State, from Chautauque County, in 1838 and 1839, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847. Lewis, Dixon H. — Born in Dinwiddie County, Virginia, in 1802, and was edu cated at the South Carolina College. He studied law, removed to Alabama, and became eminent in his profession. He was an able and amiable man, and physically very large and fleshy ; and the story is related of him that, when returning home on one of the Southern steamers, which was wrecked, he refused to take a seat in a small boat, because the lives of several persons would thereby be jeopardized, and though for a time he was in great danger, he was rescued. He represented Alabama in Congress from 1829 to 1843, and from 1844 until his death was a Senator in Con gress. Died in New York, October25, 1848. Lewis, Francis. — He was born in Llandaff, Wales, in March, 1713 ; was educated at Westminster; emigrated to America in 1735, and settled in New Y'ork as a merchant. In the prosecution of his business he visited Russia and other parts of Europe ; 'as agent for supplying the British troops he was present at Fort Oswego when it surrendered to Montcalm, and as a prisoner he was taken to Mon treal and France. After his release he re turned to America; became one of the "Sons of Liberty;" was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1779 ; signed the Articles of Confederation ; and was also one of the signers of the Declara tion of Independence ; and, after a long course of successful business operations, died December 30, 1803. Lewis, Joseph, Jr.— He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1803 to 1817. Lewis, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from October 17, 1803, to March 5, 1804, when his seat was successfully contested by A. Moore. Lewis, William J.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 1819. L'Hommedieu, Ezra. — He graduated at Y'ale College in 1754 ; and was a Dele gate, from New York, to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1783, and again in 1787 and 1788. Died in 1811. Ligon, Thomas W. — He was bom in Prince Edward County, Virginia; placed at an early age at Hampden Sydney Col lege, but finished his education at the University of Virginia. He studied law-, and after spending a year and a half at the Yale Law School settled in Baltimore. He was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1845 to 1849, having been re-elected for a second term ; and was elected in 1854 Governor of that State. Lilly, Samuel. — Was born in New York ; adopted the medical profession ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1853 to 1855. Lincoln, Abraham. — He was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, February 12, 1809 ; removed with his father to Indiana in 1816; received a limited education; spent two years at school in Stafford Coun ty, Virginia ; worked at rail splitting for a time ; and twice visited New Orleans as a boatman. Removed to Illinois in 1830, 23: BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. and turned his attention to agricultural pursuits ; he served as a Captain of Volun teers in the Black Hawk War ; was at one time Postmaster of New Salem ; and he served four years in the Illinois Legis lature, viz: 1834, 1836, 1838, and 1840, during which time he turned his attention again to the study of law with John T. Stuart, and settled at Springfield in the practice of his profession. He was a mem ber of the National Convention which nominated General Taylor for President in 1848 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Illinois, from 1847 to 1849, sen'ing on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and on Expenses in the War Department. In 1853 he ac quired distinction by stumping the State of Illinois, for the United States Senate, against S. A. Douglas ; and in 1860 he was nominated by the Republican Party as their candidate for President of the United States, and was duly elected to that position for the term commencing the 4th of March, 1861. By the Baltimore Convention, held in 1664, he was nomi nated for re-election to the Presidency, and was triumphantly elected. In December, 1864, the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Princeton College. On the 14th of April, 1865, while seated in a pri vate box at the theatre, he was shot in the head by an assassin, named John Wilkes Booth, and died at seven o'clock on the following morning. The circumstances of his death filled the whole land with horror, and the demonstrations to his memory were heartfelt and universal. His name was everywhere mentioned, with rare kind ness, as the Martyred President. Lincoln, 'Enoch. — Born in Worcester, Massachusetts, December 26, 1768 ; and, after studying law, settled in Fryeburg, Maine, and afterwards removed to Paris. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives, from Massa chusetts, from 181S to 1820, and from 1821 to 1620 from the new State of Maine, when he was elected Governor of Maine, and re elected in 1628. He published, while at Fryeburg, apoem, entitled "The Village;" he was also the author of some historical recollections of Maine. He died at Augus ta, October 8, 1629. Lincoln, Levi. — Born May 15, 1749, at Hingham, Massachusetts ; graduated at Harvard College in 1772 ; and settled as a lawyer in Worcester, where he rose to dis tinction ; was Judge of Probate ; a State Senator in 1797 ; County Prosecutor in 1775; a State Councillor in 1806, 1610, and 1811; and he was a Representative in Congress from 1799 to 1801 ; and during the administration of President Adams he wrote a series of political papers, called "Farmer's Letters." In 1801 he was ap pointed Attorney General of the United States, and acted as Secretary of State until Mr. Madison reached Washington ; and in 1807 was Lieutenant Governor of Massa chusetts ; acting as Governor in 1609, after the death of Governor Sullivan. In 1811 he was appointed Associate Judge of the Supreme Court, but declined the office. He died at Worcester, Massachusetts, April 14, 1820, aged seventy-one years. Lincoln, Levi. — He was the son of the preceding, and was born in Massachusetts; was a State Senator in 1812 ; a State Rep resentative from 1814 to 1823, and two years Speaker; Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts in 1823; Judge of the Su preme Court of the State in 1 824 ; a Presi dential Elector in 1825; Collector at Bos ton from 1841 to 1643 ; a State Senator in 1844 and 1645, and President thereof; Mayor of Worcester in 1843 ; and Gover nor of Massachusetts from 1825 to 1834; aud from 1 834 to 1 841 was a Representa tive in Congress. He was a Presidential Elector in 1864. Lindley, James J. — Born at Mans field, Ohio, January 1, 1622 ; went with his parents to Kentucky when a boy, and lived at Cynthiana several years ; was a student in Woodville College, Ohio, for two years ; studied law, and located at Monticello, Missouri, iu 1646. In 1848 he was elected Circuit Attorney for eight counties, and re-elected in 1352. He was a Representative, from Missouri, in the Thirty-third Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth. He afterwards re moved to Davenport, Iowa, and engaged in the practice of his profession. Lindsley, William D. — He was born in Connecticut ; and having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1655. Linn, Archibald L. — He was born in New York in 1602; graduated at Union College ; studied law in Schenectady, and came to the bar in that city; was twice elected Mayor of the same ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1841 to 1843; and in 1844 he was elected to the State Assembly. Died in Grassfield, New Y'ork, October 10, 1857. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Linn, James. — He graduated at Prince ton College in 1769, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1799 to' 1801, when he was appointed by President Jefferson Supervisor of the Revenue. He also held the office for many years of Secretary of State of New Jersey. Died at Trenton, December 28, 1820. Linn, John. — He was bom in New Jersey, and for many years a member of the New Jersey Assembly, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1821. Died January 6, 1821. Linn, Lewis P. — Born near Louisville, Kentucky, November 5, 1795. He was educated chiefly by an elder brother, and studied medicine. In 1809 he removed to Missouri, and in 1814 helped to fight the battles of his country. After successfully practicing his profession, he was elected to the State Legislature in 1827, and in 1833 w-as elected a Senator in Congress, in which capacity he served until his death, which occurred at St. Genevieve, Missouri, Octo ber 3, 1843. He proved himself to be a man of remarkable abilities, identified him self throughout his whole career in Con gress with the interests of the valley of the Mississippi, and when he died, many of the best men in the couutry eulogized him for his manifold virtues. Litchfield, Elisha. — He was born in Canterbmy, Connecticut, in 1795; served five years in the New York Legislature from Onondaga County ; was Speaker in 1848 ; was many years a Justice of the Peace at Delphi, New Y'ork ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1823, and again from 1823 to 1825. Died at Cazenovia, New York, August 4, 1859. Litjle, Edward P. — He was born in Massachusetts in 1788, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1852 to 1853. He was a State Repre sentative from 1829 to 1834, and from 1835 to 1838, and Collector at Plymouth from 1853 to 1857. Little, Peter. — He was born in Peters burg, Pennsylvania; removed to Mary land ; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1813, and was in the latter year appointed, by President Madison, Colonel of infantry ; and again a Representative in Congress from 1816 to 1829. DiediFebruary 5, 1830, in Baltimore County, Maryland. Littlefield Nathaniel S. — Born in Wells, York County, Maine, September 20, 1801 ; received a common school edu cation ; studied and adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the Maine Sen ate in 1837, 1838, and 1839; President of the same a part of the time ; a Representa tive from Maine to the Twenty-seventh and Thirty-first Congresses ; and a member of the Maine House of Representatives in 1854. Now devoted to his profession. Littlejohn, De Witt C— Was born in Bridgewater, Oneida County, New York, February 7, 1818 ; received a thorough academic education; and since 1839 has been largely engaged in the commerce of the lakes and canals, as well as in the manu facture of flour. He served as President of the village of Oswego, and when it be came a city he became an Alderman, and was twice elected Mayor. He was seven times elected to the Assembly of New Yrork, presiding as Speaker during five terms ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representa tive from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals, and as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. After retiring from Congress he was again elected to the State Legislature. Livermore, Arthur. — Born in London derry, New Hampshire, July 26, 1776. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire from 1799 to 1816; a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; from 1825 to 1833 Judge of the Common Pleas ; and a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1825. He died at Campton, New Hampshire, July 1, 1853. He was the son of Samuel Livermore. Livermore, Edward S. — He was Judge of the Supreme Court of New- Hampshire from 1797 to 1799 ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1807 to 1811. Died in 1832, aged eighty years. Livermore, Samuel. — Born in Walt- ham, New Hampshire, in 1732; graduated at Princeton College in 1752 ; was Judge Advocate of the Admiralty before the Revo lution ; subsequently Judge of the Su perior Court of New Hampshire ; and a Senator in Congress from 1793 to 1801, when he resigned ; and was President pro tern, of that body during two sessions. He died at Holderness, May, 1803. Livingston, Edward. — Born at Clare- mont, Livingston Manor, New Y'ork, in 234 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 1764 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1781; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1765, and pursued his profession till 1795, when he was elected a Repre sentative to Congress from New Y'ork City, serving until 1602. He was then appointed United States Attorney for the District of New York, and was also Mayor of the city. Removing to New Orleans in 1804, he be came eminent there as a lawyer ; at the in vasion of Louisiana he acted as the aid to General Jackson ; was employed in nego tiations for the exchange of prisoners after the war; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1823 to 1829, and as a Senator of the United States from 1829 to 1831, when he was appointed by President Jackson Secretary of State, and in 1833 Minister to France. His "Penal Code" is considered a monument of bis profound learning. He died at Rhinebeck, New Y'ork, May 23, 1636. Livingston, Henry Walter. — Was born in 1764 ; graduated at Yale College in 1766, and was educated to the law. He was Secretary in 1792 to Mr. Morris, Am bassador to France ; a Representative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1803 to 1607. He died at Livingston Manor, New- York, December 22, 1810, aged forty-two years. Livingston, Philip.— Bom in Albany, New Y'ork, January 15, 1716; graduated at Yale College in 1737 ; w-as a successful merchant in New York City ; was an Alder man for four years ; served several years in the State Legislature, and coiresponded with Edmund Burke on commercial mat ters ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; sub sequently sened in the Senate of New York; and he died June 12, 1778. He was noted for his rare business capacity and his benevolence, and was the founder of the Professorship of Divinity in Y'ale College. Livingston, Robert Le Roy— He graduated at Princeton College in 1764; was elected a Representative in Congress, from the Sixth Congressional District of New York, from 1809 to 1813, but resigned in 1812, when he was succeeded by"T. P. Grosvenor; he was then appointed by President Madison Lieutenant Colonel of infantry. Livingston, Robert R.— He graduated at King's College in 1765; studied law, and was appointed Recorder of the city of New York, which office he resigned at the beginning of the Revolution. In 1775 he was elected to the Assembly from Dutchess County, and the same year was sent as a Delegate to the Continental Congress, serving till 1777, and was a member of the Committee for draughting the Declaration of Independence. He was also a Delegate from 1779 to 1761, and in the latter year was appointed Secretary for Foreign Affairs. On his resignation he received the thanks of Congress. He was appointed Chan cellor of New York under the new Consti tution, and filled that situation till 1801. In 1766 he was Chairman of the State Convention which adopted the Federal Constitution. In 1794 he declined the ap pointment as Minister to France, offered by Washington. In 1801 he accepted that office, and proceeded to Paris. After the close of his mission, Napoleon presented him with a snuff-box, containing a minia ture of himself, by Isabey. With the as sistance of Monroe, he made the purchase of Louisiana. In Paris he formed an inti macy with Robert Fulton, and was instru mental in the introduction of steam navi gation into the United States. Introduced merino sheep and gypsum into New York ; was President of an agricultural society and of the Academy of Fine Arts ; pub lished an oration delivered before the Cin cinnati Society in 1787, and other essays. Died in 1813, aged sixty-six years. Livingston, Walter. — He was a Dele gate from New Y'ork to the Continental Congress in 1764 and 1765. Livingston, William. — Bom in New Y'ork in 1741 ; was a lawyer by profession ; and after filling some important offices in New Y'ork, he removed to New Jersey. He was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from 1774 to 1776. He was first Governor of New Jersey under the new Constitution of the State, which office he held until his death. In 1787 he was a Delegate to the Convention which formed the Constitution of the United States, and signed that instrument. He died July 25, 1790. Lloyd, Edward. — He was Governor of Maryland from 1809 to 1811; a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1783 and 1784 : a member of Congress from 1806 to 1809 ; and served as United States Senator, from Maryland, from 1819 to 1826, when he resigned. He was highly respected, both in public and private life. He died June 2, 1834. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 235 Lloyd, James. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Maryland, from 1797 to 1800, when he resigned. Lloyd, James. — He was born in Bos ton, Massachusetts, in 1769 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1787 ; and devoted himself to mercantile pursuits, and resided in Russia a number of years. He devoted some attention to literature ; was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; and received from his Alma Mater, in 1826, the degree of Doctor of Laws. He was a Senator in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1808 to 1813, when he resigned, and again from 1822 to 1826, serving as Chairman of the Commit tees on Commerce and Naval Affairs. His reputation was that of an able statesman and a wealthy and benevolent man. He died in New York city, April 5, 1831. Loan, Benjamin F. — Bom in Hardins- burg, Breckinridge County, Kentucky, in 1819 ; settled in Missouri in 1838, and adopted the legal profession. When the Rebellion broke out in 1861 he took an active part in military affairs, and was ap pointed a Brigadier General; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Mis souri to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Military Affairs. Was subsequently reported against by the Committee on Elections, but the action of the Committee was not sustained by the House, and he retained his seat. Re elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on the Pacific Rail road and Freedmen and Debts of the Loyal States. Locke, Francis. — Bom in Rowan County, North Carolina, October 31, 1766. He was elected Judge of the Superior Court in 1803, and, having resigned, was chosen a Senator in Congress for the years 1814 and 1815 from his native State, but appears not to have taken his seat. In 1 809 he was also a Presidential elector. Died January, 1823. Locke, John. — He was bom in Hop- kinton, Massachusetts, in 1764 ; graduated at Cambridge in 1792; was admitted to the bar in 1796, and opened an office in Ashby. He represented that town in the Legislature in 1804, 1805, 1813, and 1823. In 1820 he was a member of the Constitu tional Convention of the State; and from J 823 to 1829 was a Representative in Con gress, from the Worcester North District. In 1830 he was a State Senator from Mid dlesex County ; and in 1831 was a member of the Executive Council, He removed to Lowell in 1837, and thence, in 1849, to Boston, where he died, March 29, 1855. Locke, Matthew. — Born in Rowan County, North Carolina, in 1730, and died in 1801. He was a member of the Con gress at Halifax, in 1776, which formed the Constitution of North Carolina, and was a Representative in the Congress of the United States, from 1793 to 1799. ' He also served in the Legislature, and had four sons, at one time, in the Revolutionary war. Lockhart, James. — He was born in Auburn, New York, February 13, 1806; removed to Indiana in 1832 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1834 ; in 1841 and 1842 was elected Prcsseuting Attorney; from 1845 to 1851 he was Judge of the Fourth Judicial District, when he resigned ; and was a member of the State Constitu tional Convention of 1850. He was elected a Representative in Congress, from In diana, from 1851 to 1853. Died at Evans- ville, Indiana, September 7, 1857. Logan, George. — Born at Stanton, near Philadelphia, September 9, 1753. He was educated at Edinburgh for the medical profession, but devoted a great portion of his time to agriculture, and was a member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania. In 1798 he embarked for Europe for the sole purpose of preventing a war between America and France, and prepared the way for a negotiation which terminated in peace. He was a Senator of the United States, from 1801 to 1807. He went to England in February, 1810, on the same peaceful mission w-hich led him to France, but not with the same success. He was an active member of the Philosophical Society and the State Board of Agriculture ; and in 1797 published "Experiments on Gypsum" and "Rotation of Crops." He died at Stanton, April 9, 1821. Logan, Henry. — Ho was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. Logan, John A. — Born in Jackson County, Illinois ; received a common school education ; went with the army as a pri vate in the war with Mexico, and was made Quartermaster of his regiment ; in 1849 was elected County Clerk of Jackson County, but resigned ; in 1850 studied law, and came to the bar in 1852, having grad uated at the Louisville University ; in 1852 was elected to the Illinois Legislature ; in 236 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 1 653 was appointed a Prosecuting Attorney; in 1656 a Presidential Elector ; a second time elected to the Legislature ; and in 1856 he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Un finished Business ; re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, and resigning, served as a Colonel in the Union army in 1861, and subsequently as a Major General, hav ing commanded with distinction the army of Tennessee. In November, 1865, he was appointed by President Johnson Minister to the Republic of Mexico, but declined. Lcgan, William. — He was borninHar- rodsburg. Kentucky, December 8, 1776; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention in 1799 ; studied law, andprac- ticed with success ; was frequently in the Legislature, and officiated as Speaker; was twicechosen Judge of the Courtof Appeals ; was a Senator in Congress during the years 1819 and 1820; and died August 8, 1622. Long, Alexander. — He was born in Greenville, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, December 24, 1 81 6 ; was educated at Cary 's Academy, (now Farmer's College, ) Ohio ; adopted the profession of law, practicing in Cincinnati ; was elected to the Ohio Legisla ture in 1848 and 1849, and in 1862 was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee of Claims. He was also a Del egate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Long, Edward H. — He was born in Maryland iu 1608 ; graduated at Y'ale Col lege ; adopted and practiced the profession of law ; served a number of years in the Maryland Legislature ; was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maryland, from 1845 to 1647; and died in Somerset, Mary land, in October, 1865. He was reputed a man of ability, and at one time was a can didate for the United States Senate. Long, John. — Born in Loudon County, Virginia ; was a farmer by profession ; en tered public life as a Senator in the Assem bly, in ]S]r>, and in 1821 w-as elected to Congress, as a Representative, from North Carolina, where he remained until 1829. Long, Pierce.— He was a delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Con gress from 1784 to 17-66. Longfellow, Stephen. — He was bom in Gorham, Massachusetts, June 23, 1775; graduated at Harvard University in 1798 : studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1601 ; was for many years a leading politician and lawyer in Maine; was af Presidential Elector in 1797 ; and a mem ber of the Hartford Convention in 1814, of which body, at the time of his death, he was the only surviving Delegate from Mas sachusetts. From 1817 to 1836 he was a member of the Corporation of, Bowdoin College,. from which institution he received the degree of LL.D. ; he was also a mem ber of the State Constitutional Convention of 1819 ; a Representative in the Maine Legislature in 1826 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1823 to 1625; and died at Portland, August 2, 1849. He was the father of the distin guished poet Longfellow. Longnecker, Henry C. — Bom in Allen Township, Cumberland County, Pennsyl vania, April 17, 1625 ; was educated at the Wilbraham Academy, Massachusetts, the Norwich Military University of Vermont, and Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, where he graduated ; adopted the profession of law ; served as a Lieutenant and Adjutant in the war with Mexico ; and on his return was elected District Attorney of Lehigh County ; was a member iu 1851 of a Dem ocratic Convention for Nominating State Judges ; and also in 1854 of another Con vention for Nominating State Officers ; and he was elected a Representative from Penn sylvania to the Tlfrrty-sixth Congress. serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. As Colonel of the Ninth Pennsylvania Infantry, he commanded a Brigade in Western Virginia at the com mencement of the Rebellion in 1861, and he subsequently commanded a Brigade of Militia at the Battle of Antietam. Longyear, John W. — He was bom in Shandaken, Ulster County, New York, October 22, 1820 ; received a good aca demic education ; removed to Michigan in 1844 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1846; and was elected a Representative, from Michigan, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Com merce, and as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. serving on the same committees. Loomis, Arphaxad. — He was for three years a member of the Legislature of New York, from Herkimer County, and a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Loomis, Dwight. — Born in Columbia. Tolland County, Connecticut, July _ 27. 1621 ; received a common school education; BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 237 spent the most of his youth on a farm ; and taught school for about one year; commenced the study of law in 1844, and having finished his legal studies at New Haven, was admitted to the bar in 1847 ; since which time he has practiced his pro fession at Rockville, Connecticut. In 1851 he was elected to the Connecticut Legis lature ; was a Delegate in 1856 to the " People's Convention " in Philadelphia ; was a State Senator in 1857 ; and was elected a Representative, from Connecticut, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the. Committee on Mileage. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections, and on Agriculture. Lord, Frederick W. — Born in Lyme, Connecticut, December 11, 1800 ; gradu ated at Yale College in 1821 ; was for two years Professor of Mathematics in Wash ington College ; had charge for three years of an academy in the city of Baltimore ; devoted himself, in Baltimore, for several years, to the study of medicine, and re ceived a diploma from Yale College, in 1829 ; spent fifteen years in the practice of his profession at Sag Harbor, New York, when he retired ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New- York, from 1847 to 1849. He was also a Delegate to the Bal timore National Convention for Nominat ing a President in 1840. Died at New York, May 24, 1860. Love, James. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1833 to 1835. Love, John.— He was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1807 to 181 1. Love, Peter E. — Born near Dublin, Lau rens County, Georgia, July 7, 1818 ; was educated at Franklin College ; studied medicine and attended medical lectures in Philadelphia ; relinquished that profession, and turned his attention to law, having been admitted to the bar in 1839; in 1843 he was chosen Solicitor General for the Southern District of Georgia ; in 1849 he was elected to the State Senate; in 1853 he was appointed a Judge for the Southern Circuit of Georgia ; and was elected a Rep resentative, from Georgia, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenses in the State Department, and the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. Love, Thomas C. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1835 to 1837. Love, William C. — Bom in Virginia ; educated at the University of North Caro lina, of which his father was steward ; was a lawyer by profession, and a Represent ative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1815 to 1817. Lovejoy, Owen. — He was born in Al bion, Kennebec County, Maine, January 6, 1811 ; labored on a farm until eighteen years of age; taught school, and thereby received the means for a college education, which he received at Bowdoin. He was a clergyman of the Congregational church at Princeton, Illinois, from 1833 to 1854, hav ing resigned his pastoral duties to take a seat in the Illinois Legislature, in that year ; and in 1856 he was elected a Repre sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- fifth Congress : re-elected to the Thirty- sixth, Thirty-seventh, and the Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Public Lands, and as Chairman of the Committees on Agriculture, and for the District of Colum bia, and also a member of the Committee on the Territories. Died in Brooklyn, New Y'ork, March 25, 1604. Lovell, James. — Born in Boston, Mas sachusetts ; graduated at Harvard College in 1756, and was for many years associated with his father as teacher of the Latin school. In 1760 he published Oratio in Funero Thyntii. During the Revolution he was a firm Whig, devoted to the cause of liberty, aud was imprisoned by General Gage ; fie was carried a prisoner by the British troops to Halifax, where he was for a long time kept in close confinement. After his return to Boston he was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1782, and was a member of the Com mittee on Foreign Correspondence. He also signed the Articles of Confederation. In 1786 he was Collector of Customs for Boston, and was subsequently Naval offi cer for Boston and Charlestown, in which station he remained* until his death. He died in 1814, aged 76. Lovett, John. — He was born in Nor wich, Connecticut; graduated at Yale Col lege, and was a member of the New York Assembly in 1800 and 1801, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1814, and from 1815 to 1817. He died in 1818, in Ohio. Low, Frederick P. — He was a Repre sentative from California to the Thirty- seventh Congress, taking his seat during the second session thereof; and he was Governor of California from 1863 to 1855. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Low, Isaac— He was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress in 1774 and 1775. Lowell, John.— Born in Newburyport, Massachusetts ; graduated at Harvard Col lege in 1760, and settled in Boston as a lawyer. He was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from 1782 to 1783, and was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of Massachusetts. He was appointed Judge of the District Court, for the Massachusetts District, by Washington in 1769 ; and in 1801 was ap pointed Chief Justice of the First Circuit. He was a member of the Corporation of Har vard College for eighteen years, and received the degree of LL D. from that institution. He was one of the founders of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 1791 he delivered a eulogy on their late Presi dent, James Bowdoin. He wrote an Eng lish Poem, No. 3, in the Pietas, printed at Cambridge. He died in 1802, aged 58. Lowell, Joshua A.— He was born in Thomaston, Maine, March 20, 1801 ; his educational advantages were limited, but he commenced active life by teaching school ; he adopted the profession of law, having come to the bar in 1826 ; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1826, 1831, 1632, 1833, 1835, and 1636 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1 839 to 1843. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1644. Lower, Christian. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1605 to_l-07. Lowndes, Thomas. — He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1765; re ceived a thorough education, and was one of the enterprising citizens of his native city. He was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1601 to 1605, and was distinguished for his talents. He died in Charleston, July 6, ]643. Lowndes, William. — He was a native of Charleston, South Carolina, having been born February 7, 17,52 ; educated by a pri vate tutor ; served in the State Legislature in 1806 and 1806 : and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1822, when, from ill health, he resigned. In 1816 he was Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means, lie died while on a voyage, with his familj-, from Philadelphia to London, in the ship Moss, October 27, 1622, aged forty-two. He had a memory of uncommon power, was au eloquent debater, and stood in the first lank of American statesmen. Henry Clay once expressed the opinion that he was the wisest man he had ever known in Congress. Lowrie, Walter.— He was a Senator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1819 to 1825. He was afterwards Secretary of the Uni ted States Senate from 1825 to 1836 ; was subsequently appointed Secjptary of the Board of Foreign Missions, and died in New- York in 1802 or 1863. Loyall, George. — Bom in Norfolk, Vir ginia, May 29, 1789 ; graduated at William and Mary College in 1808. In 1815 he visited England, and on his return in 1317, was elected a member of the House of Dele gates of Virginia, and served ten years. In 1829 was a member of the Convention to amend the State Constitution, and from 1831 to 1837 he was a Representative in Congress. In 1 637 he was appointed Navy Agent at Norfolk, and with the exception of two years, he occupied that position until the breaking out of the Rebellion. Lucas, Edward. — He was born in Vir ginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. He was subsequently appointed Govern ment Superintendent at Harper's Ferry, where he died March 4, 1656. Lucas, John B. C. — He was born in Normandy, France, in 1762; was educated at the University of Caen, where he gradu ated as Doctor of Civil and Common Law in 1762. He practiced his profession in bis native country two years, and then emi grated to the United States, and settled on a farm near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where, in connexion with agricultural pur suits, he devoted himself to acquiring the English language, and making himself ac quainted with the history, constitution, and laws of his adopted country. He soon gained the confidence of the people, and in 1792 was elected to the Legislature of Penn sylvania, and served as a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for his district. In 1602 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and re-elected in 1804. In 1805 he was appointed, by President Jefferson, Judge of the United States Court in Upper Louisiana, when he resigned his seat in Congress, and removed to St. Louis. He was also Commissioner of Land Titles in that Territory. He held the office of Judge until 1620, when he retired to private life, on a farm adjoining the city of St. Louis, where he died in September, 1642. Lucas, William. — He was born in Vir ginia, and was a Represeutative in Con- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 239 gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, and for a second term, from 1843 to 1845. Lumpkin, John H. — He was born in Oglethorpe County, Georgia, June 1 3, 1812 ; he was educated at Franklin and Yale Col leges ; served for a time as Secretary in the Executive Department of Georgia ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1834 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1853; in 1838 he was Solicitor General of the Cherokee Circuit ; and he was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1843 to 1849, and re-elected to the Thirty- fourth Congress. He also held the office, for three years, of Judge of the Cherokee Circuit Court, and that of Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Died in Rome, Georgia, in 1860. Lumpkin, Wilson. — Born in Pittsyl vania County, Virginia, January 14, 1783. He received a common school education, and while engaged as a copying clerk, in his father's office, studied law. Soon after attaining the age of twenty-one, he was sent to the State Legislature, and continued in that capacity a number of years. He was tw-ice elected Governor of Georgia. In 1823 he was appointed, by President Mon roe, to mark out the boundary line between Georgia and Florida; and by President Jackson, was appointed a Commissioner, under the Cherokee treaty of 1835. He was also a member of the Board of Public Works. He served in the Federal House of Representatives, from 1815 to 1817, and from 1827 to 1831; and was a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1841. Lyle, Aaron. — He was a soldier in the Revolution, and a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 1817. Died September 24, 1625. Lyman, Joseph S. — He was born in Hampden, Massachusetts, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1819 to 1621. Lyman, Samuel. — He was a graduate of Yale College in 1770; a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1795 to 1800. From 1786 to 1786 he served in the Legislature, and from 1790 to 1793 as State Senator. Lyman, 'William. — A native of North ampton, Massachusetts ; graduated at Yale College in 1776, and was Brigadier General of militia. He was a Representative in Congress, from 1793 to 1797 ; and appointed Consul to London in 1805, where he died, October, 1811, aged about fifty-eight years. He was also a member of the Legislature in 1787, and a State Senator in 1789. Lynch, John. — He was born in Port land, Maine, February 15, 1825 ; educated in the public schools of that city ; adopted the business of a merchant; served two terms in the State Legislature, and was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Banking and Currency, and the Bankrupt Law. Lynch, Thomas. — He was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776, and was suc ceeded by his son, bearing the same name, who signed the Declaration of Independ ence. Lynch, Thomas, Jr. — He was bom on the North Sautee River, Parish of Prince George, South Carolina, August 5, 1749 ; was educated at Eton, England, and en tered at Cambridge and finished his legal studies in the Temple ; he returned home, determined to strike for liberty; in 1775 he was commissioned a Captain in the militia service ; in 1776 he was elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress, to succeed his father in that capacity, and he was a signer of the Declaration of Independ ence. In 1779 he sailed for Europe for the benefit of his health, and the vessel in which he embarked was never seen after her de parture from port. Lynde, 'William P.- sentative in Congress, from 1848 to 1849. -He was a Repre- from Wisconsin, Lyon, Asa. — WasborninPomfret, Con- ! necticut, December 31, 1763; a graduate 1 of Dartmouth College in 1791, and shortly after his graduation, removed to South Hero, Vermont. He was appointed Chief Judge of Grand Isle County, in 1805, serv ing as such for nine years. He was elected a Representative, from South Hero, in 1800, 1802, 1804, 1805, 1806, and 1808, and from Grand Isle in 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, and 1814. He was a member of the Executive Council in 1808 ; and was elected a member of Congress, from 1815 to 1817. He was a member of the Corporation of the University of Vermont, from 1814 to 1821 inclusive. He is said to have been a second cousin of Robert Burns, the Scotch poet. He was for many years, and until his death, an able preacher of the Gospel. Although never regularly installed, he pre ferred the Calvinistic form of worship. Ho 210 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. was distinguished for his ripe scholarship and eloquence. By rigid economy and prudence, he amassed wealth, and died at South Hero, April 4, 1341. His published sermons and patriotic addresses indicate a high order of talent, and an intimate ac quaintance wilh modern and classic litera ture. Lyon, Caleb, of Lyonsdale. — His grandfather, who bore the same name, was a Lieutenant of the Massachusetts militia, and was wounded at Bunker Hill ; and his father, also named Caleb, was a member of the New Y'ork Legislature, and an ardent friend of De Witt Clinton. He was born in Lyondale, New Y'ork, December 7, 1822 ; graduated at the Norwich University of Vermont, in 1641; travelled extensively in Europe; was appointed by President Polk, Consul at Shanghai, China; on his return he visited Mexico, Brazil, Chili, Peru, the Sandwich Islands, and California, and was Secretary of the Convention called in 1849 to form a Constitution, and designed the coat of arms for the Golden State. He made a second visit to Europe, and ex tended his travels to Egypt and the Holy Land. From his native State he was elected to the Assembly, but on the ques tion of enlarging the Erie Canal, which he favored, he resigned, and was, during the same year, elected to the State Senate as its youngest member, and for his services he was presented by his brother Senators, in the State Capitol, with a service of plate ; and was the author of the bill for purchasing Washington's headquarters at Newburg by the State; and was subse quently elected a Representative in the Thirty-third Congress from New York. While abroad he was identified with the Koszta affair as the friend of Captain Dun can N. Ingraham. He writes poetry, lec tures on the East, translates Oriental litera ture, and is a member of several Historical Societies, with a passion for arebreologic and antiquarian lore. The title of LL.D. has been conferred upon him by the Uni versity of Vermont. In February, 1664, lie was appointed, by President Lincoln, Governor of Idaho. Lyon, Chittenden. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1827 to 1835, and died in Caldwell County, Kentucky, in Noveniber, 1642. Lyon, Francis S— He was bom in North Carolina, and having settled in Ala bama, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1839. Lyon, Lucius. — He was bom in Ver mont, but emigrated to Michigan when quite a young man ; devoted himself for a number of years to the business of survey ing the wild lands of the Territory; was a Delegate in Congress, from that Territory, during the years 1833, 1834, and 1835; and a Senator in Congress, from the State of Michigan, from 1836 to 1840; and a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. His last, public position was that of Surveyor General in the Northwest. Died at Detroit September 25, 1851. Lyon, Matthew. — He was born in Wicklow County, Ireland, in 1746, and having emigrated to this country when thirteen years of age, participated to some extent in the Revolutionary struggle, hay ing, in 1777, been appointed temporary Paymaster of the Northern army, and in 1778 Deputy Secretary of the Governor of Vermont, and at the same time Clerk of the Court of Confiscation. He settled in Ver mont after the war, and was elected a mem ber of the State Legislature in 1799 and the three following years. In 1783 he founded the town of Fairhaven, where he built saw mills, grist-mills, established a forge or iron foundry, manufactured paper from bass- wood, and established a newspaper called The Farmers' Library. He served that town in the Legislature ten years. In 1786 he was Assistant Judge of Rutland County. He was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1799 to 1801, and it was during his first term that he had a personal difficulty, on the floor of Congress, with Roger Griswold, of Connecticut, when an unsuccessful effort was made to have him expelled. The fact of his giving the vote that made Jefferson President, is well known. At the end of his second term as a Representative from Vermont, he re moved to Kentucky, served two years in the Legislature of that State, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1S03 to 1811. After his final retirement from Congress, and on Novem ber 13, 1811, the Speaker of the House of Representatives presented a petition from him, setting forth that he had, many years before, been prosecuted and convicted under the sedition law (see "State Trials of the United States;") that he had suf fered imprisonment, and been made to pay the sum of §1,060 90, and that he wished to have the money refunded to him. On July 4, 1640, a law was passed, paying to his heirs the specified sum, with interest, from February, 1799. It was while in prison at Vergennes, that he was elected to Congress from Vermont, and at the close BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 241 of his services in Congress, from Ken tucky, he was employed to build gunboats for the war, but became bankrupt from the speculation. Iu 1820 he was appointed a Factor among the Cherokee Indians in Arkansas; when that Territory was or ganized, he was elected the first Delegate to Congress, but did not live to take his seat, having died at Spadra Bluff, Ar kansas, August 1, 1822. Lytle, Robert T. — He was distin guished as a public speaker, and was a member of Congress, from Ohio, from 1833 to 1835. He died in New Orleans, De cember 21, 1839. Mace, Daniel. — Was a native of Ross County, Ohio; he commenced life as a merchant, in Warren County, Indiana, but subsequently became a successful lawyer. He was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1851 to 1855. Machir, James. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1797 to 1799. Died June 25, 1827. Maclay, Samuel. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1795 to 1797, and a Senator in Con gress from 1803 to 1803, when he re signed. Maclay, William. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to 1791, and died in April, 1804. In 1797 he was a Presidential Elector. Maclay, William. — He was a native of Pennsylvania ; held the offices of County Commissioner and Associate Judge; was a member of the Assembly ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1817 to 1819. Died January 4, 1825, aged fifty- nine years. Maclay, William B. — Born in New York City in 1815 ; graduated at the Uni versity of New Y'ork, where he subse quently officiated for a time as Professor of Latin; he was also a Trustee, as well as Secretary of the University ; he adopted the profession of the law ; and in 1836 he was associate editor of the New York Quarterly Magazine. He was also an ac tive member of the Legislature of New York for several years, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, in 1843 ; was re-elected in 1845, 1847, and also in 1857, serving generally on important committees. He was re- 16 elected a Representative to the Thirty-sixth Congress. Maclay, William P. — He was born in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1816 to 1821, having first entered Congress for the unexpired term of Thomas Burnside. Macon, Nathaniel. — He was born in Warren County, North Carolina, in 1757. His early youth was marked by diligence in the acquisition of knowledge, and he was sent to Princeton College to complete his education ; but the troubles of the Revo lution closed the halls of that institution, and he returned home and volunteered as a private in a company commanded by his brother, having refused a higher position. While in the army he was elected a mem ber of the General Assembly, in which he served for several years. In 1791 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and continued a member of that body until transferred to the United States Senate, iu 1815, where he served until 1828. From 1801 to 1805 he was Speaker of the House, and from 1825 to 1828 he was President pro tern, of the Senate. He was for thirty- seven years a member of the House or Senate, and was called the Father of the House, having served a longer time in that body than any other man. In 1828 his native State, in honor of his services, named a county for him. He afterwards returned to the General Assembly, and in 1835 was President of the Constitutional Convention of the State. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1836. Died sud denly at his residence, June 29, 1837. Macy, John B. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Wisconsin, from 1853 to 1855. He resided at Fond du Lac, and was lost, September 24, by the burn ing of the steamboat Niagara, on Lake Michigan. Madison, James. — He was born on the Rappahannock River, in Virginia, March 16, 1751 ; and, after due preparation, he entered Princeton College in 1769, and graduated in 1771, going through the junior and senior studies in one year. He re mained at the College until 1772, for the purpose of studying Hebrew. In 1776 he was sent to the General Assembly, and in 1778 was a member of the Executive Coun cil ; from 1779 to 1785 he was a member of the Continental Congress, and was chosen a second time in 1786 ; he was a member of the Convention at Philadelphia which 242 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. formed the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument, and he was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, under the Constitution, from 1769 to 1797. In 1798 he went again into the Assembly, and in 1800 was an Elector for President. In 1801 he was Secretary of State of the United States, which office he held until 1809, when he was elected President of the United States, and served two entire terms. After leaving the Executive chair, he retired to private life on his estate, known as Mont- pelier. He was subsequently a Visitor and Rector of the University of Virginia; and in 1829 a member of the State Convention, which was the last public position he held . He was one of the contributors to the Fed eralist, and his collected State papers and miscellaneous writings have been published in several volumes. He died at Montpelier, Orange County, Virginia, June 28, 1836, and a work on his Life and Times was pub lished by William C. Rives in 1861. Magee, John. — He was bom in New- York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1827 to 1631. Magruder, Allan B. — A native of Ken tucky, and a lawyer by profession. He re moved to Louisiana, and in 1805 published "Reflections on the Cession of Louisiana to the United States ;" and was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1812 to 1813. He had collected materials for a general history of the Indians. He died at Opelousas, Louisiana, in April, 1822. Magruder, Patrick. — He was born in Montgomery County, Maryland, in 1768; educated at Princeton College ; adopted the profession of law ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maryland, from 1805 to 1807 ; and was Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, from 1807 to 1815. He died in Petersburg, Virginia, in 1819 or 1820. Malbone, Francis. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, in 1809, having previously been a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1793 to 1797. He died June 4, 1809. Mallary, Rollin C— He was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1764, and died in Baltimore, April 16, 1831. He rep resented the State of Vermont in Congress, from 1820 to 1831, and took an active part in all matters appertaining to commerce, as chairman of an important committee. He was held in the highest estimation both for his public acts and private virtues. Mallory, Francis. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. Died at Nor folk, March 26, 1860. Mallory, Meredith. — Born in Connec ticut, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1839 to 1841. Mallory, Robert. — He was born in Madison County, Virginia, November 15, 1815 ; graduated at the University of Vir ginia in 1827; removed to Kentucky in 1839, where he has devoted the most of his life to agricultural pursuits ; and he was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty -sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals ; and also elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committee of Ways and Means. Mallory, Stephen R. — He was bom in Nassau, about 1810 ; removed to Key West, Florida, when young ; studied law and came to the bar in that State ; was a Delegate toN the Nashville Convention of 1850; and he was at one time a correspondent for the New Y'ork Herald. He was a Senator in Congress, from Florida, having been elected in 1851, serving continuously, byre-elec tion, until 1861. He was Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and a member of the Committee on Claims. He was ex pelled March 11, 1861, and took part in the Rebellion as Secretary of the Rebel Navy. After the Rebellion he was arrested as a Prisoner of State, and released on his parole in March, 1866. Mangum, Willie P. — Born in Orange County, North Carolina, in 1792, and grad uated at the University of that State in 1815. He studied law, rose to eminence in j his profession, entered into politics, and was I elected to the House of Commons in 1818. ! In 1819 he was elected a Judge of the Su perior Court ; and from 1823 to 1S26, saved as a Representative in Congress. He was also a PresidentialElectorin 1829. Hewas elected a United States Senator in 1831, re elected in 1841, and for a third term of six years, iu 1647, serving from 1842 to 1845 as - President, pro tern., of that body. In 1837 he received eleven electoral votes for Presi dent of the United States ; and, during the administration of President Tyler, was Pres ident of the United States Senate. He sub sequently lived in retirement at his home in North Carolina. Died September 14, 1861. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 243 Mann, Abijah, Jr. — Born at Fairfield, Herkimer County, New York, September 24, 1793; hereceivedagood common school education, and became a teacher in the dis trict school in Oneida County; he was afterwards a merchant, Postmaster, and Justice of the Peace; and elected to the Legislature in 1827, serving by re-elections until 1830. He was a Representative in Congress, from 1833 to 1 837, during which time he served on several committees, being once Chairman of the Committee on Rules and Orders of the House. In 1837. on re turning to his native county, he was again re-elected to the Legislature. He after wards removed to New Y'ork City, and de clined all official employments. Mann, Horace. — Born in Franklin, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, May 4, 1796. He was, to some degree, self-edu cated, but graduated at Brown University in 1819, where he subsequently held the position of Tutor of Latin and Greek ; he studied law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and while counsellor- at-law, in Dedham, Mas sachusetts, where he settled in 1826, was elected to the State Legislature. He re moved to Boston in 1834, where he was elected to the State Senate, chosen Presi dent of that body, and also President of the Massachusetts Board of Education, which he was foremost in founding: he also rendered important services in behalf of the Normal Schools of Massachusetts, and was elected a member of Congress, from 1848 to 1853. After that time he continued to be devoted to matters connected with education, having been appointed Presi dent of Antioch College and the North western Christian University at Indian apolis. He wrote much and well, and is remembered as a benefactor to his race. Died at Yellow Springs, Ohio, August 2, 1859. In 1865 his life was published by his widow. Mann, Job. — Born in Bethel Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania, March 31, 1795 ; received a common school education ; in 1816 was appointed Clerk to a board of county commissioners; two years after wards he was appointed Register, Recorder, and Clerk for the courts of Bedford County, all of which positions he continued to hold until 1835, when he was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, where he served one term. In 1839 he was admitted to the bar ; in 1842 was appointed State Treasurer, which office he held for three terms ; and in 1847 was again elected to Congress, where he served until 1851, declining a re election. Mann, Joel K. — He was bom in Penn sylvania in 1780, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1831 to 1835. He died in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, September 4, 1857. Manning, James. — He was a native of New Jersey; graduated at Nassau Hall in 1762. He was 9110 of the founders of Brown University : when that institution was removed to Providence he became first President. He was pastor of the Bap tist Church in that town, and continued in the charge of these two offices till his death, excepting an interval of six months, in 1785 and 1786, during which he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress. He died in 1791, aged fifty -two years. Manning, Richard I. — He was born in Sumter District, South Carolina, May 1, 1789; graduated at the State College at Columbia in 181 1 ; commanded a volunteer company in the war of 1812; was fre quently in the upper and lower House of the State Legislature ; was Governor of South Carolina for two years from 1824 ; a Representative in Congress, from 1834 to 1836; and died May 1, 1836, at Philadel phia, before the expiration of his term, very suddenly, while seated at the table with his family. He was greatly respected for his talents and virtues. Marable, John H. — He was born in Brunswick County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennes see, from 1825 to 1829. Marchand, Albert G. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1839 to 1843 ; and died at his residence, in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, February 5, 1848. Marchand, David. — He was bom in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that. State, from 1817 to 1821. Marchant, Henry.— He was a Dele gate from Rhode Island to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1780, and again in 1783 and 1784, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. Marcy, Daniel. — Born in New Hamp shire, November 7, 1809 ; became a sailor when twelve years of age, and at twenty was master of a ship ; in 1853 and 1854 he was a member of the New Hampshire Leg islature; in 1856 and 1857 of the State Senate ; was subsequently engaged in the 244 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. mercantile and ship-building business ; and was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Thirty eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolution ary Pensions and on Expenditures in the Navy Department. Marcy, William Lamed. — He was born in Sturbridge, AVorcester County, Massachusetts, in 1786, and died in Balls- ton Spa, New York, July 4, 1857. He graduated at Brown University in 1808 ; taught school for a while in Newport, Rhode Island ; studied law, and com menced practice in Troy, New York. He w-as appointed Recorder of that city in 1816 ; made Comptroller in 1823, and re moved to Albany. In 1829 he was ap pointed Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1831, but resigned in 1833, hav ing served as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. Elected Governor of New Y'ork in 1832, and re-elected in 1834 and 1836. He was Secretary of War under President Polk from 1845 to 1849, and Secretary of State under President Pierce from 1853 to 1857. He was a hard-work ing, careful, plain man, and a good scholar. As a statesman and diplomatist be had the reputation of displaying both judgment and skill ; but his crowning virtue was his incorruptible integrity. Mardis, Samuel W. — Born in Ala bama in 1801, and died at Talladega, in that State, November 14, 1837. He was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1831 to 1835, and was much respected for his manly virtues. Marion, Robert.— He was a native of South Carolina, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1805 to 1810. Markell, Henry— He was born in Montgomery County, New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1625 to 1829. Markell, Jacob.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. Markley, Philip S— He was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1827, and was in the latter year appointed Naval Officer for the Port of Philadelphia. Marks, William. — Was a Senator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, fiom 1825 to 1831. Marr, Alem. — He graduated at Prince ton College in 1 807 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1831. Marr, George W. L. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to 1819. Marrow, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1805 to 1809. Marsh, Charles. — Bom at Lebanon, Connecticut, July 10, 1765, but with his father's family removed to Vermont before the Revolution. He graduated at Dart mouth College in 1786, studied law, and commenced practice in Woodstock, Ver mont. He was for fifty years devoted to his profession, and for a long time at the head of the bar in the State. He served as a member of Congress from 1815 to 1817, and while in Washington became identified with the American Colonization Society as one of its founders. He acquired great popularity as a patron of benevolent societies generally, and was a highly influ ential and useful citizen. Died at Wood stock, Vermont, January 11, 1849. The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon Mm by Dartmouth College. Marsh, George P. — Bom in Wood stock, Vermont, March 15, 1801 ; was edu cated at Dartmouth College, where he graduated in 1820. He aftenvards re moved to Burlington, Vermont, where he commenced the study of the law, and after wards made that place his home. After his admission to the bar, he came into an extensive practice, and devoted much of bis time to politics. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1835, and in 1842 he took his seat in the United States House of Representatives, which he continued to occupy until he was sent as Resident Min ister to Turkey, in 1849, by President Tay lor. At this post he rendered essential service to the cause of civil and religious toleration in the Turkish Empire. He was also charged with a special mission to Greece in 1852. He is well known as an author and a scholar. He. has devoted much attention to the languages and litera ture of the North of Europe, and his sym pathies appear to be with the Goths, whose piesence he traces in whatever is great and peculiar in the character of the founders of BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 245 New England. In a work entitled "The Goths iu New England," he has contrasted the Gothic and Roman characters, which he appears to regard as the great antago nistic principles of society at the present day. He is also the author of a grammar of the old Northern or Icelandic language, and of various essays, literary and histori cal, relating to the Goths and their con nexions with America. He is the author of an interesting work on the Camel; also of a work on the English Language, which occupies a very high rank, and still another of great merit, entitled ' ' Man and Nature, ' ' and his miscellaneous published addresses and speeches are quite numerous. After his return from Turkey he performed the duties of Commissioner of Railroads for the State of Vermont. His library is said to be one of the finest in this country, rich beyond compare in Scandinavian literature. In 1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln Minister to Italy. Marshall, Alexander K. — He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Marshall, Alfred. — He served four years in the Maine Legislature, viz : 1827, 1828, 1834, and 1835; was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maine, from 1841 to 1843, acting as a member of the Com mittee on the Militia; and from 1846 to 1849 he was Collector at Belfast. He was also for some years a General of the State militia. Marshall, Edward C. — He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from California, from 1851 to 1853. Marshall, Humphrey. — He was among the earliest pioneers to Kentucky, having gone there in 1780 ; he was a member of the State Convention in 1787 ; served for many years in the State Legislature ; and was a Senator in Congress from 1795 to 1801. He was the author of the first pub lished History of Kentucky, and died at an advanced age. Marshall, Humphrey. — Bom at Frank fort, Kentucky, January 13, 1812. He graduated at West Point Academy, but re signed his military commission of Lieuten ant, and studied law, which he practiced with success. During the ten years pre ceding the Mexican war, and while devot ing himself to his profession in Louisville, he took an active part in the military affairs of the State as Captain, Major, and Lieu tenant Colonel ; he served in the Mexican war as Colonel of cavalry, fighting at Buena Vista, and leading the charge of the Kentucky volunteers; in 1847, after de clining several important nominations, he retired to a farm; he was elected to Con gress in 1 849 as a Representative, and re elected in 1851 ; he was appointed by Pres ident Fillmore Commissioner to China, which was immediately raised to «, first- class mission ; on his return he was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Con gress ; in 1856 he was a member of the American National Council held in New- York, where he caused to be thrown off all secrecy in the politics of his party ; and in 1857 he was re-elected to Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a General of volunteers. Marshall, John. — He was born in Fau quier County, Virginia, September 24, 1755, and was the eldest of fifteen children. He had some classical education in his youth, but his opportunities for learning were limited, and he never entered college, his father, Thomas Marshall, having been a poor man, but possessed of superior talents. At the commencement of the American war, he espoused it with ardor ; in 1776 he was appointed Lieutenant, and in 1777 promoted to the rank of Captain. In 1780 he was admitted to the bar, and in 1781 resigned his commission, and en tered upon the practice of his profession, soon rising to distinction. He was a mem ber of the Virginia Convention to ratify the Constitution of the United States, and as such produced a deep impression by his logic and eloquence. He also entered the Legislature of Virginia, where he was a leader. President Washington invited him to become Attorney General, and offered him the mission to France, after Mr. Mon roe's return, both of which honors he de clined. President Adams appointed him an Envoy to France, with Pickering and Gerry, but they were not accredited, and he returned to the United States in 1798. He was a Representative in Congress in 1799 ; in 1800 he was appointed Secretary of War ; soon afterwards Secretary of State ; and,x January 31, 1801, upon the nomina tion of President Adams, was confirmed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He wrote a "Life of George Washington," and a "History of the American Colonies." He died in Phila delphia, July 6, 1836. As a Judge he was the most illustrious in America, and for his public services was ranked by 248 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. many with AVashington. He was the ob ject of universal affection, respect, and confidence, and in every particular one of the greatest and best of men. Marshall, Samuel S.— He was born in Illinois ; educated at Cumberland Col lege, Kentucky ; studied law, and devoted himself to its practice in his native State. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1846; by the Legislature he was elected State Attorney, serving two years; in 1851 he was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court, in which position he remained until 1854; and having been elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress, from Hlinois, was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, and was Chairman of the Committee on Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864, and was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections and on Freed- Marshall, Thomas A. — He was born near Versailles, Kentucky, January 15, 1794; graduated at Yale College in 1815; studied law, and entered upon the practice in 1816; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1831 to 1835. He was a Judge and Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals of Kentucky for about twenty years ; a Professor of Law in the Transylvania College : and also served in the Legislature of Kentucky. Marshall, Thomas F. — He was a na tive of Kentucky ; Judge of the Louisville Circuit Court ; and a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1641 to 1843. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1852. He died near Versailles, Wood ford Couuty, Kentucky, September 22, 1864, in the sixty-fourth year of his age. Marston, Gilman. — Bom in Orford, New Hampshire ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1837, and at the Dane Law School in 1 640 ; commenced the practice of law in Exeter, New Hampshire, in 1841 ; in 1845 he was elected to the New Hamp • shire Legislature, and served four years ; was a member of the Convention to revise the ConstitutiDn of that State in 1850, and was a Representative in Congress from New Hampshire from 1859 to 1863, serving on the Committees onElections and onMilitary Affairs. In June, 1861, he was appointed Colonel of the Second Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers, which he led at the battle of Bull Run, throughout the Penin sula Campaign under McClellan, at the second battle of Bull Run ; and also at Fredericksburg, under Buraside. In 1863 he was commissioned a Brigadier General, assigned to the District of St. Mary, and also attached to the Army of the James in 1864, fighting at Kingsland Creek, Drary's Bluff, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg. Early in 1865 he was re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congiess, serving on the Committees on Mileage and Military Affairs ; and? on the fall of Richmond he retired fiom the army. He was also one of the Representa tives designated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Martin, Alexander. — Born in Guilford County, North Carolina, and died in No vember, 1807. He was educated at Prince ton College, and devoted much attention to the pursuits of literature. He was a member of the Colonial Assembly, and Colonel of a regiment in the Continental line, having been at the battles of Brandy- wine and Germantown. He was subse quently in the State Senate, and was elected Speaker ; he was elected Governor of North Carolina in 1762, and again in 1789, and was a member of the Covention which framed the Constitution of the United States. From 1793 to 1799 he was United States Senator. In 1793 the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on him by Princeton College, and at the time of his death he was a Trustee of the University of North Carolina. Martin, Barclay. — He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1847. Martin, Charles D. — Bom in Ohio, an was elected a Representative, from- that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Invalid Pen sions. Martin, Elbert S. — Bom in Virginia, and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Expend itures in the Post Office Department. Martin, Frederick S. — He was bora in Rutland County, Vermont, April 25, 1794 ; after spending his early life as a sailor on Lake Champlain and at sea, he settled at Olean, New York, as a hotel-keeper and merchant ; in 1830 he was appointed Post master at that place ; he served three years in the State Legislature ; and w-as » Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1851 to 1853. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 247 Martin, John P. — Born in Lee County, Virginia, October 11, 1811; removed to Kentucky in 1828 ; in 1S41 was elected to the Legislature of that State, and re elected the following year ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1845 to 1847. Iu 1857 he was elected to the Senate of Kentucky, which was his last public position. Martin, Joshua L. — -He was a member of Congress, from Alabama, from 1835 to 1839, and from 1845 to 1847 Governor of that State. He died at Tuscaloosa, No vember 2, 1856. Martin, Luther. — Born in New Bruns wick, New Jersey, in 1744 ; graduated at Nassau Hall in 1766; taught school for several years in Maryland ; came to the bar in Virginia, and settled in Accomac Coun ty; in 1774 took an active part in opposing England ; was a member of the Annapolis Convention of that year ; in 1778 was ap pointed Attorney General of Maryland ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1784 and 1785; was a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Con stitution, but was opposed to its adoption, and an elaborate speech that he delivered before the Assembly of Maryland about the Convention, caused considerable ex citement at the time throughout the coun try. He acquired distinction by defending Samuel Chase and Aaron Burr in their celebrated trials ; in 1814 he was appointed Judge of the Court of Oyer and Terminer; and died in New York, July 10, 1826. He received the degree of LL.D. from Princeton College. Martin, Morgan L. — He was bom in Now Y'ork, and was a Delegate to Con gress, from the Territory of Wisconsin, from 1845 to 1847. Martin, Robert N. — He was born in Dorchester County, Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from Mary land, from 1825 to 1827. Martin, William D. — He was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and a Rep resentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1827 to 1833. He was distin guished for his talents and public useful ness. He retired to bed slightly indisposed, and was found dead in the morning. He died at Charleston, November 17, 1833, aged forty-five years. Martindale, Henry C. — He was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1831, and again from 1833 to 1835. Marvin, Dudley. — Was a native of Lyme, Connecticut, from which place he removed to Canandaigua, New York, in 1807. He was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of law in 1811, and soon attained eminence in his profes sion. He was a Representative in Con gress from 1823 to 1829. In 1844 he re moved to Ripley, Chautauque County, and was again elected to Congress, serving from 1847 to 1849. He died at Ripley, New Y'ork, June 25, 1852, aged sixty-five years. Marvin, James M. — Born in Ballston, Saratoga County, New York, February 27, 1809 ; spent a portion of his boyhood on a farm, but received a good education. In 1346 he was elected to the House of Assem bly ; was a County Supervisor for three terms ; is proprietor of one of the large Saratoga hotels, and has chiefly been en gaged for years past in taking care of a large estate. In 1862 he was elected a Rep resentative, from New York, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and was made Chairman of the Committee on Expenses in the Treasury Department. Marvin, Richard P. — He was born in New York, served in the Assembly of that State, from Chautauque County, in 1836, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1841, and in 1855 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court. Mason, Armistead Thomson. — Bom in Loudon County, Virginia, in 1785, and- educated at William and Mary College; was a farmer by occupation, and a Colonel in the war of 1812 ; and a United States Senator, from Virginia, from 1816 to 1817. He fell in the memorable duel with Colonel McCarty, February 6, 1819. Mason, James B.— He was a member of the Rhode Island House of Representa tives for many years, and for a part of the time was Speaker ; was a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1 815 to 1819. Mason, James M. — Bom on Analoston Island, Fairfax County, Virginia, Novem ber 3, 1798. He received a good education, and graduated at the University of Penn- 248 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. sylvania in 1818; he studied law at the College of William and Mary, and obtained a license to practice in 1820; in 1826 he was elected to the House of Delegates, and twice re-elected ; was a Presidential Elec tor in 1833; he was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1839; in 1847 he was elected a Senator in Congress, in the place of Senator Pennybacker, and re elected in 1849, in which position he con tinued until 1861, having for several ses sions been Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 ; went to England as a Minister of the Rebel government, was captured by the San Jacinto, imprisoned in Fort Warren, and after his release took up his residence in Europe. He was ex pelled from the Senate in July, 1861. His term would have expired in 1863. Mason, Jeremiah. — Born at Lebanon, Connecticut, April 27, 1768, and died at Boston, November 14, 1848. Destined for professional life, he entered Yale College, and after graduating in 1788, entered upon the study of law, and acquired the reputa tion of being profoundly learned in com mon law. He went to Vermont, and was admitted to the bar of that State, but sub sequently removed to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where he became the friend of Daniel Webster, who always spoke of him in extravagant terms of praise. In 1602 he was appointed Attorney General of the State, and from 1813 to 1817 was a Sena tor in Congress, having resigned for the purpose of devoting himself to his profes sion. He removed to Boston in 1832, and on reaching the age of seventy he left the bar, though he was consulted as chamber- counsel to the close of his life. Mason, John C. — He was born in Ken tucky, and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Accounts. Mason, John Thomson. — Born at Montpelier, Washington County, Mary land, in May, 1815 ; graduated at Prince ton College in 1836 ; read law in Hagers- town, and was admitted to the bar in 1836 ; the same year was elected a member of the Legislature of Maryland, and re-elected in 1839. He was a Representative in Con gress from 1841 to 1843, being at that time the youngest man in Congress. In 1851 he was elected by the people, under the new Constitution of the State, a Judge of the Court of Appeals, which position he filled till 1857, when he resigned, and was appointed Collector of the port of Balti more. Mason, John Y. — He was born at Greensville, Sussex County, Virginia, April 18, 1799; graduated at the Univer sity of North Carolina in 1816, from which institution he received the degree of LL.D. ; adopted the profession of law, and was a Federal Judge of the Eastern District Court of Virginia; Judge also of the General Court of Virginia ; served about ten years in the State Legislature ; he was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1831 to 1837 ; was a Delegate to the Con ventions of 1828 and 1849 for revising the State Constitution ; a member of President Tyler's cabinet, as Secretary of the Navy ; a member of President Polk's cabinet, first as Attorney General, and secondly as Secretary of the Navy ; was subsequently President of the James River and Kana wha Company ; and was appointed, by President Pierce, Minister to France, in which position he was continued by Presi dent Buchanan. Died in Paris, of apo plexy, October 3, 1859. Mason, Jonathan.— He was born in 1757 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1774; and died at Boston, November 1, 1831. He was a Senator of the United States, from Massachusetts, from 1800 to 1803; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1820. Mason, Moses. — He was a County Commissioner from 1831 to 1834; a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1834 to 1837 ; and subsequently a member of the State Executive Council. Mason, Samson. — He was bom in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1835 to 1843. He was aftenvards a member of the Conven tion which formed the State Constitution. Mason, Stevens Thomson. — He was born in Chapawansick, Stafford County, Virginia, in 1760; educated at William and Mary College ; he was a lawyer by profession, and an officer in the Revolu tionary war, attaining to the rank of Gene ral ; was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses ; and a Senator of the United States, from Virginia, from 1794 to 1803 ; also a Presidential Elector in 1792; a member of the Convention to form the Constitution of Virginia, and a member of the State Legislature. He died in 1803. Mason, 'William.— He was born in Connecticut ; served in the Legislature of BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 249 New York, from Chenango County, from 1820 to 1822 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1 835 to 1 837. Masters, Josiah. — Born in Woodbury, Connecticut, October 22, 1763; graduated at Yale College in 1784, soon after which he removed to Schaghticoke, Rensselaer County, New- York, which was thereafter his place of residence. He was a promi nent member of the State Legislature in 1792, 1800, and 1801, when he was ap pointed Associate Judge of Rensselaer County ; and from 1805 to 1809 was a Rep resentative in Congress. In 1808 he was chosen first Judge of the County Court of Common Pleas, which office he held until his death. He was a zealous supporter of the general measures against Great Britain, during the war of 1812, yet he opposed with great earnestness, in several able speeches, the embargo, non-intercourse, and other commercial restrictions. He numbered among his personal friends such patriots as Jefferson, Randolph, Madison, Clay, &c, and was a co-operator and ad viser of De Witt Clinton in the system of internal improvements which gave to New York the rank of the Empire State. He died June 30, 1822. Mathews, George. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1789 to 1791. Mathews, James. — He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1845. Mathews, Vincent. — Born in Orange County, New York, June 29, 1766. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1790 ; and fixing his residence near Elmira, Tioga County, was elected a State Repre sentative in 1793, and in 1796 chosen a State Senator. In 1798 he was elected a Com missioner to settle certain claims for bounty land ; and from 1809 to 1811 he was a Representative in Congress. In 1812 he was appointed District Attorney for a num ber of counties in Western New Y'ork ; and in 1816 he removed from Elmira to Bath, and thence to Rochester, pursuing the practice of his profession, in different places, for no less a period than fifty-six years. Toward the close of his life he served a second time in the Assembly of the State, and was District Attorney for Monroe County. The College of Geneva conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws when* he was nearly seventy-five years old ; and he died at Rochester, Au gust 23, 1846. Mathewson, Elisha. — He was at dif ferent periods a member of the General Assembly of Rhode Island ; once a Speaker in the House ; and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1807 to 1811. He died at Scituate, Rhode Island, October 14, 1853. Mathiot, Joshua. — He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Died July 30, 1849, at Newark, Ohio. Matlack James. — He was born in Gloucester County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1825, and died at Wood bury, in same State, January 15, 1840. Matlack, Timothy. — He was a Dele gate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1781. Matson, Aaron. — He was born in Ply mouth County, Massachusetts ; for many years Judge of Probate in Cheshire Coun ty; a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1821 to 1825; a State Councillor from 1819 to 1821 ; and died at Newport, Rhode Island, July 18, 1855, aged eighty-five years. Matteson, Orsamus B. — He was born in New York, and was elected a Repre sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- first, Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, (when he resigned,) and also to the Thirty-fifth Con gresses. Matthews, John. — He was bom in 1744 ; took the popular side in the Revo lution ; was a Delegate from South Caro lina to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1782; was a signer of the articles of Confederation; was Governor of South Carolina in 1783 ; in 1784 he was appointed a Judge of the Court of Equity; and died in 1802. Matthews, William. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1797 to 1799. Mattocks, John. — Born in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1776, and was a resident of Peacham, Vermont ; he was for many years distinguished as a successful lawyer ; had held various public trusts, being for two years Judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont ; and a Representative in Con gress, from 1821 to 1825, and from 1841 to 1843; also Governor of the State one year, declining a re-election to that office. He 250 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. died at Peacham, Vermont, August 14, 1847. Mattoon, Ebenezer. — Born in Am herst, Massachusetts ; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1776 ; in 1797 he was a Presidential Elector ; he was a Major in the war of 1812, and Sheriff of Hampshire ; and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1800 to 1803; and, in 1816, Adjutant General of militia. He died in Amhurst, September 11, 1843, aged eighty-eight years. Maurice, James. — He was born in New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Maury, Abraham P. — A Representa tive in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1835 to 1839 ; died at his residence, in Wil liamson County, Tennessee, July 22, 1848. Maxwell, Augustus E. — Born in Elberton, Georgia, September 21, 1620; received the benefit of country schools in Alabama, and graduated at the University of Virginia; studied law; removed to Flor ida ; was elected in 1847 to the Assembly of that State; was Secretary of State in 1848 ; a State Senator in 1 849 : was a mem ber of Congress, from 1853 to 1857, refus ing a re-nomination; and in 1657 was appointed by President Buchanan, Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida. Maxwell, George C. — He was a native ofNew Jersey ; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1792; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1611 to 1813. Maxwell, J. P. B— Bom in New Jer sey in 1805 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1823 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1827 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from 1837 to 1839, and again from, 1841 to 1843, He died at Belvidere, New Jersey, November 14, 1845. He was a candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth Congress, and although lie came with the broad seal of his State, he was not admitted. Maxwell, Lewis. — He was a native of Virginia, and a Representative iu Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 1633. Maxwell, Thomas. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York from 1829 to 1831. May, Henry. — He was born iu the Dis trict of Columbia; received a liberal edu cation ; adopted the profession of law ; and / was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1853 to 1855. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. May, 'William L. — He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1835 to 1839. Mayall, Samuel. — -He was born in Maine ; served in the State Legislature in 1845, 1347, and 1848; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1853 to 1855. Maynard, Horace. — He was born in Westborough, Massachusetts, August 30, 1314 ; graduated at Amherst College in 1838, and soon afterwards emigrated to Tennessee. He entered the University of East Tennessee as a tutor, and subsequent ly received the appointment of Professor of Mathematics in that institution ; during that period he studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1844. He acquired an extensive practice in his profession ; held a number of local offices in his adopted State ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-fifth Congress. During the first session of that Congress he was Chair man of the SpecialCommittee to investigate the accounts of William Cullom, late Clerk of the House of Representatives, and was a member of the Committee on Claims. He was re-elected to the Thirty -sixth Congress, sen'ing on the same Committee ; and also re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. For his loyalty during the-troubles of 1861, his property was confiscated, and he, as well as his family, were driven from Eastern Tennessee by the Rebel government. He was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. After the close of the Rebellion in 1865 he was re-elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, but was not admitted to his seat until near the end of the first session of that Congress. Maynard, John. — He was a resident of Western New Y'ork, and graduated at Union College in 1810 ; he studied law and com menced practice at Seneca Falls, and then removed to Auburn. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1629, and gave a zealous support to the administration of Mr. Adams; he was subsequently a member of the New Y'ork Senate for four years, and again, from 1841 to 1843, a member of Congress; he was Judge of the Supreme Court of New York, and from January, 1850, a Judge of BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 251 the Court of Appeals. He died in Auburn, New York, March 24, 1850. Mayrant, William. — He was a native of South Carolina, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, during the years 1815 and 1816. McAllister, Archibald. — He was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in 1814; and having settled in Blair County, was for thirty-three years engaged in the man ufacture of iron. In 1 862 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. McArthur, Duncan. — He was born in Dutchess County, New York, in 1772. When he was eight years of age he removed with his father to Pennsylvania, and at the age of eighteen he volunteered in defence of the frontier settlements of Ohio, against the Indians. He studied surveying, and acquired great wealth in the business of buying and selling lands, in addition to surveying them. In 1805 he w-as a mem ber of the Legislature, and in 1806 was ap pointed Colonel, and in 1808 Major Gene ral of the State Militia. He performed val uable services during the war of 1812, in which he held a General's commission, and although elected to Congress in 1813, de clined leaving his command ; in 1815 was again a member of the Legislature, and in 1816 was appointed Commissioner to con clude Treaties with the Indians ; from 1817 to 1819 was in the Legislature, and Speaker of the House in 1817. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1825, and in 1830 was chosen Gov ernor of the State, which position he held until 1833, and while in that service met with an accident, from the effects of which he never recovered. McBride, John R.— Was born in Frank lin County, Missouri, August 22, 1832; em igrated to Oregon in 1846; in 1854 he was chosen Superintendent of Common Schools ; studied law and came to the bar in 1 655 ; in 1857 he was a Delegate to the Conven tion which formed the Oregon State Con stitution ; was chosen to the State Senate for four years after its adoption ; and in 1 862 he was elected a Representative, from Oregon, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. McCarty, Andrew Z. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. He was also a member of the New York Assembly in 1848. McCarty, Jonathan. — Was a native of Tennessee, but removed, with his father, at an early age to Indiana. He engaged in mercantile pursuits, and was for a time Clerk of the Circuit or County Court at Connersville. He was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1831 to 1837. He left Indiana for Iowa, where he died in 1855. McCarty, Richard. — Was born in Al bany, New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1823. McCarty, William M. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1840 to 1841. McCauslen, William C. — He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. McClean, Moses. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State,' from 1845 to 1847. McClellan, Abraham. — He was born in Tennessee, and was Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to * 1843. McClellan, Robert. — He was a native of Schoharie County, New York, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. McClelland, Robert. — Born in Frank lin County, Pennsylvania. He graduated at Dickinson College ; practiced law for a year or so in Pittsburg, and in 1833 re moved to Michigan, and established him self at Monroe. He served for several years in the Legislature of that State ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1849. He was twice elected Gov ernor of Michigan, in 1851 and 1852; and in 1853 was appointed Secretary of the Interior Department, by President Pierce, the duties of which position he performed until 1857. He subsequently settled in Detroit and practiced his profession there. McClenachan, Blair. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1797 to 1799. McClene, James. — He was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Con gress from 1778 to 1780. 9R9 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. McClernand, John A. — Born iu Breck- enridge County, Kentucky, May 30, 1812; brought up at Shawneetown, Illinois, and had only the advantages of a common school education. He studied law, aud was admitted to the bar in 1 832, and served as a private, but with credit, in the Black Hawk war. He established the first Demo cratic press in Shawneetown, and edited his paper and practiced law until 1843, when he was elected to Congress from Illi nois, and served as a Representative until 1851. He had also, before going to Con gress, been elected to the State Legislature. In 1859 he was again elected to Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. Re elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but resigned to accept the commission of Briga dier General in the Union army in 1 85 1 . McClurg, Joseph W. — Born in St. Louis County, Missouri, February 22, 1818; received a good education, chiefly at Oxford College, Ohio ; in his seventeenth year he went to Louisiana and Mississippi, and spent nearly two years as a teacher ; went to Texas in 1841, where he was admitted to the bar, and was Clerk of the Circuit Court ; in 1844 he settled in Missouri as a merchant ; when the Rebellion broke out his interests suffered greatly from the plun der of the Rebels ; took part in the war as Colonel of the Osage regiment of infantry, and also of a cavalry regiment; was a member of the Missouri State Convention in 1862, and was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Terri tories. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln and Elections. McComas, William. — Was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837, and was a member of the Committee on Manufactures. McComb, Eleazer. — He was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress from Dela ware from 1762 to 1784. McConnell Felix G.— Was a native of'Lincoln County, Tennessee, but removed in 182-1 to Talladega County, Alabama. He was brought up a mechanic, but sub sequently adopted the profession of law. He was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1846. He died, by his own hand, in Washington, District of Columbia, September, 1846, aged thirty-six. McCord Andrew. — He was a member of the New York Assembly, during the years 1800, 1801, 1802, and 1807, part of the time Speaker ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 1805. McCorkle, Joseph W. — He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from California, from 1851 to 1853. McCoy, Robert. — He resided at one time in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and held several public positions in that State, such as Brigadier General of militia and Canal Commissioner. He was a member of Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1 833, and died at Wheeling, Virginia, June 7, 1849. McCoy William. — He was born in Augusta County, Virginia, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1833. Mc Crate, John D. — He was bom in Wiscasset about 1800 ; graduated at Bow doin College in 1819: adopted the profes sion of law ; was a member of the State Legislature from 1831 to 1836; Collector of Customs at Wiscasset, from 1836 to 1841 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Maine, from 1845 to 1847. McCreary, John. — He was born in Chester District, South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1621. McCreary, William. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1803 to 1809. McCreedy, Williain. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1829 to 1831. McCulloch, George.— He was bom in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1840 to 1841. McCulloch, John. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1655. McCulloch, Thomas G— He was born iu Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1820 to 1322, for the unex pired term of D. Fullerton. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 253 McCullough, Hiram. — He was born in Cecil County, Maryland, September 20, 1813; educated at the Elkton Academy; read law, and w-as admitted to the bar in 1838 ; was elected to the Maryland Senate in 1845, and re-elected in 1846, serving as such until the adoption of the Constitution of 1851 ; in the winter of 1852-53 he was appointed by the Legislature one of the Codifiers of the laws of Maryland, and aided in making the present code of that State. He also held various offices of trust and responsibility connected with the courts, and the town and county of his residence ; and he was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. McDonald, Joseph E. — Born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. McDonald, Moses. — Bom in Limer ick, York County, Maine, April 8, 1815; practiced law from 1837 to 1845; and was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1841 and 1842. In 1845 was Speaker of the House. In 1847, 1848, and 1849, served as Treasurer of the State ; represented the First Congressional District in the Thirty- second and Thirty-third Congresses ; and in April, 1857, was appointed, by President Buchanan, Collector for the District of Portland and Falmouth. McDougall, Alexander. — He was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 1782, and again in 1784 and 1785. McDougall, James A. — Was born in Bethlehem, Albany County, New York, November 19, 1817 ; received his educa tion at the Albany grammar school; as sisted in the survey of the first railway ever built in this country, that of Albany and Schenectady ; studied law, and adopted that profession ; removed to Pike County, Illinois, in 1837; in 1842 he was chosen Attorney General of Illinois ; re-elected in 1844 ; in 1849 he originated and accom panied an exploring expedition to Rio del Norte, the Gila, and Colorado ; he after wards emigrated to California, and followed his profession at San Francisco; in 1850 was elected Attorney General of California ; was a Representative in Congress, from California, from 1853 to 1855, declining a re-nomination ; and in 1 861 he was elected a Senator in Congress, for six years, serv ing on the Committees on Finance, and Naval Affairs, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Con vention of 1864. McDowell, James. — He was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, in 1796, and graduated at Princeton College in 1816. He was Governor of Virginia from 1842 to 1845, and from 1845 to 1851 he was a Rep resentative in Congress, from the Eleventh Congressional District of Virginia. In 1846 his Alma Mater conferred on him the de gree of LL.D. He was an eloquent speaker, an upright man, and a true patriot. He died near Lexington, Virginia, August 24, 1851. McDowell, James Foster. — Born in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1825 ; went with his parents to Ohio in 1835 ; served for a time in a printing-office, during which apprenticeship he studied law, and came to the bar in his twenty-first year, and his first office was that of County Attorney. In 1851 he settled in Indiana, and established the Marion Journal ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Indi ana, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. McDowell Joseph. — Born in Win chester, Virginia, and emigrated with his father to North Carolina, where he took an active part in the military operations of the time, and was at the battle uf King's Moun tain. He was a member of the House of Commons from 1782 to 1788, and a Repre sentative in Congress from 1793 to 1795, and again from 1797 to 1799. McDowell, Joseph J. — He was born in North Carolina, and on removing to Kentucky was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. McDufSe, George. — He was bom in Columbia County, Georgia, in 1788 ; was for a time a clerk in Augusta ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1813; adopted the profession of law ; served a number of years in the State Legislature ; was a Trustee of his Alma Mater ; a Major of Militia ; was elected a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, in 1821, and served until 1835, when he was chosen Governor of the State. In 1843 he was elected a Senator of the United States, but was compelled by ill health to resign that station before the expiration of his term of office. His ill health was partly the result of a duel which he fought in Augusta, 254 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Georgia, with Colonel Cumming, in which he was wounded. He was a co-worker and friend of Calhoun and Hayne, and an eloquent defender of the peculiar institu tions of the South. He died in Sumter District, South Carolina, March 11, 1851. McFarlan, Duncan. — A Representa tive in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1805 to 1807, and subsequently a member of the State Senate for three years. McGaughey, Edward W. — He was born in Indiana, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1647. and for another term ending in 1851. McHatton, Robert. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1820 to 1829. McHenry, James. — He was born about the year 1755 ; was liberally educated : adopted the profession of medicine, but did not practice ; served in the Revolutionary struggle as an Aide-de-Camp to General Washington, and also to General Lafayette ; was a Delegate, from Maryland, to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1766 ; was a member of the Convention that formed the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument ; was Secretary of War from 1796 to 1801, having been appointed by Washington and continued in office by President Adams, but, as he opposed the policy of the Executive, he was dismissed from the Cabinet with Timothy Pickering. McHenry, John H. — He was bom in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1643 to 1847. Mcllvaine, Abraham R. — Born at Crum Creek, Delaware, August, 14, 1804. He was bred a farmer, in which pursuit he was eminently successful ; aud was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1843 to 1849. Died in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in August, 1663. Mcllvaine, Joseph. — Was bom in Bristol, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1768 ; received a good education, and was admitted to the bar iu New Jersey in 1791 ; he took an interest in military matters, and in 1798 attained the rank of Captain in McPherson's Regiment of Blues : in 1800 he was elected Clerk of Burlington Coun ty, and held the office twenty-four years ; in 1801 he was appointed, by President Jefferson, Attorney of the United States for New Jersey, which office he also held for twenty years ; in 1804 he was appointed Aide-de-Camp of the Governor of New Jersey, with the title of Colonel ; in 1818 he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of New Jersey, but declined the ap pointment ; and he was a Senator in Con gress, from New Jersey, from 1823 to 1826, having died in Burlington on the 19th of August of the latter year. He was a man of high character and great in fluence. Mclndoe, Walter D. — Was bom in Scotland, March 30, 1819; emigrated to New York City in his fifteenth year ; and was a clerk in a large mercantile house ; followed the same pursuit in Charleston, South Carolina, and in St. Louis, Mis souri, and subsequently settled in Wiscon sin, and engaged in the lumber business : served in the Wisconsin Legislature in 1850, 1654, and 1855 , was a Presidential Elector in 1856 and 1860 ; and was elected a Representative, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, (in place of Luther Hanchett, deceased, ) and was re elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Indian Af fairs and Revolutionary Pensions. Re elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, and again on that on Indian Affairs. Mclntire, Rufus. — Born in Y'ork, Coun ty of Y'ork, Maine, December 19, 1764 : received a common school education, and by teaching for two or three years, ac quired the means to fit himself for college at South Berwick Academy, and graduated at Dartmouth in 1809. He studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1812. In the mean time war was declared, and he was appointed Captain of Militia, and re mained in service on the frontier until peace was declared, after which he re turned to the practice of his profession at Y'ork. He represented that town in the Brunswick Convention ; and after the separation from Massachusetts, he was a Representative in the Legislature at its first session : he was then appointed County At torney, which office he held till elected to Congress as Representative of Maine, serv ing from -626 to 1835. In 1626 he was a Commissioner for settling the boundary line of his State, aud in 1836 was a mem ber of the Legislature, and was appointed Land Agent for two years in 1839. He was subsequently United States Marshal for Maine, and Surveyor of the port of Portland four years. He has been con nected with two or three academies as over- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 255 seer, and is a member of the Board of Over seers of Bowdoin College. He is now de voted to agriculture. McKay, James J. — Born in Bladen County, North Carolina, in 1793. He was bred to the law, and served from 1815 to 1831 in the State Senate, and was at one time United States District Attorney. He was a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1849, and was for a time Chair man of the Committee of Ways and Means. At the Baltimore Convention in 1848, which nominated Lewis Cass for President, he re ceived the vote of the North Carolina dele gation as candidate for Vice-President. He died in Goldsborough, North Carolina, September 14, 1853. i McKean, James Badell. — Born in Hoosic, Rensselaer County, New York, August 5, 1821 ; during his youth he worked upon his father's farm in Saratoga County, receiving his education chiefly from the district school and academies ; taught school for a time, and became a school Superintendent- for the town where he lived ; served one term as a Professor in Jonesville Academy ; was a Colonel of infantry ; he studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1849 ; in 1855 he was elected County Judge for Saratoga County for four years ; and in 1858 was elected a Representative from New Y'ork to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department. Re-elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department. McKean, Samuel. — He was bom in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1829, and a Senator of the United States from 1833 to 1839. He died June 28, 1840, in McKean County. He was a man of talent and influence. McKean, Thomas. — Born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, March 19, 1734 ; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law. In 1762 he was elected to the Delaware Assembly, and con tinued in that station for eleven years : was a Delegate to the New York Congress in 1765; while holding the office of Chief Justice in Pennsylvania, he was elected a Delegate from Delaware to the Conti nental Congress from 1774 to 1776, and from 1778 to 1783 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and of the Articles of Confederation; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Delaware ; he served in the army as a Colonel ; was a member of the Convention to form the Constitution of Delaware, and was the author of that instrument ; he was also a member of the Convention which formed the Constitution of Pennsylvania in 1790 ; and he was Governor of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1808. He was the only man who served through all the sessions of the Con tinental Congress, and was President of that body in 1781. Died in Philadelphia June 24, 1817, leaving a high reputation for patriotism aud ability. McKee, John. — He was born in Rock bridge County, Virginia, and was at one time a Government Agent among the Choc taw Indians, also a Commissioner for set tling the boundary line of Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1829. McKee, Samuel. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1809 to 1817. McKee, Samuel. — He was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, Novem ber 4, 1833; received a common school education, attending school in winter, and working upon his father's farm the balance of the year ; graduated at Miami University, Ohio, in 1857, and also at the Cincinnati Law School in 1858, since which time he has been devoted to the practice of law. He served in the Union army as Captain of the Fourteenth Kentucky cavalry from 1862 to 1864, having been a prisoner in Libby Prison for thirteen months ; and in 1865 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims, Ex penses in the Interior Department, and the Special Committee on the Civil Service. McKennan, Thomas M. T. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1831 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1843, and died at Reading, July 9, 1852. McKenty, Jacob K. — He was born in Douglassville, Berks County, Pennsyl vania, in 1827 ; graduated at Yale College in 1848, and at the Y'ale Law School in 1850 ; settled in Reading, and commenced the practice of law in 1851; in 1856 ho was elected District Attorney for Berks County ; and was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Con gress for the unexpired term of J. Swartz, 256 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. deceased. Died in Douglassville, Berks County, January 3, 1866. McKeon, John. — He was born in New- York, and was educated a lawyer. In 1832, 1833, and 1834 he served in the Leg islature of New York, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1841 to 1S43. He was twice appointed United States District Attorney for the Southern District of New York. He was alr-.o a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1664. McKibbin, Joseph C— He was born in Pennsylvania ; and having taken up his residence in California, was elected a Rep resentative from that State to the Thirty- fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Public Lands and on Private Land Claims. McKim, Alexander. — Born in 1748, and died at Baltimore, January 18, 1832. He was a member of Congress, from Mary land, from 1809 to 1815. McKim, Isaac. — He was a much re- respected and wealthy merchant of Balti more ; a member of Congress, from Mary land, from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1835 to 1838; and died in Washington, April 1, 1833. McKinley, John. — Born in Virginia ; removed to Kentucky, thence to Alabama ; and he was a Senator in Congress, from Alabama, from 1826 to 1837. In 1837 he was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and died in Louisville, Kentucky, July 19, 1852. McKinley, William. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1810 to 1811. McKinnsy, John F. — He was born near Piqua, Ohio, April 12, 1627; spent his boyhood chiefly on a farm ; received an academic education, and spent one year at the Ohio Wesleyan University; adopted the profession of law ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees ou Unfinished Business, and on the Militia. McKissock Thomas. — He was born in Ulster County, New York, in 1796. He received a classical education ; was bred first to the medical, and afterwards to the legal profession ; was, under the old or ganization, a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York ; and a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1851. McKnight, Robert. — Bora in Pitts burg, Pennsylvania, in 1820; graduated at Princeton College in 1839 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842; from 1847 to 1849, both inclusive, he was a member of the City Councils of Pittsburg, the last two years President of that body ; and was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Elections. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, and on Public Buildings. McLanahan, James X. — He was born in Antrim, Franklin County, Pennsylva nia, in 1809 ; graduated at Dickinson Col lege in 1826; he studied law, and settled in Chambersburg ; in 1841 he was elected to the State Senate ; and in 1849 he was elected to Congress, and re-elected in 1851, and was Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary. McLane, Louis. — ne was born in Smyrna, Kent County, Delaware, May 26, 1784. When twelve years of age, he was appointed a midshipman in the navy, on leaving which, in 1801, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1807 ; in 1812 he was a volunteer in a company commanded by Caesar H. Rodney, and marched to the relief of Baltimore when threatened by the British. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1817 to 1627 ; and was chosen, by the Legislature, a Senator in Congress from 1827 to 1829; was appointed in 1829, by President Jackson, Minister to England, where he remained4two years ; and in 1831 he received the appointment of Secretary of the Treasury; and in 1833, that of Secretary of State under President Jack son. In June, 1634, he retired from politi cal life, and in 1637 was chosen President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Com pany, and, removing to Maryland, dis charged the duties of that office until 1847. During the administration of President Polk, he accepted the mission to England while the Oregon negotiations were pend ing ; after which he returned to Maryland, and in 1850 represented Cecil County in the State Constitutional Convention, and then retired to private life. He held a high rank as a statesman, and died in Bal timore, Maryland, in 1857. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 257 McLane, Robert M. — Born in Dela ware, June 23, 1815; was educated at Washington College, District of Columbia, and at St. Mary's College, Baltimore ; went to Europe with his father, Louis McLane, in 1829, and on his return en tered the West Point Academy, which he left in 1837 ; he served as an army officer in Florida, the Cherokee Country, and in the Northwest; in 1843 was admitted to the bar of Baltimore; in 1845 and 1846 was elected to the Maryland Legislature; and from 1847 to 1851 was a Representa tive in Congress from Maryland. In 1852 he was a Presidential Elector, and in 1853 he was appointed, by President Pierce, Minister to China, and on his return re sumed the practice of his profession in Baltimore. In March, 1859, he was ap pointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to Mexico, but resigned in November, 1860. McLean, Alney. — He was born in Burke County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1821. McLean, Finis E. — He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. McLean, John. — Born in Morris Coun ty, New Jersey, in 1785. Four years after his birth his father emigrated with his family to Virginia, whence he removed to Kentucky, and finally settled in the State of Ohio. Here the son received a scanty education ; and, having determined to pur sue the legal profession, he engaged at the age of eighteen to write in the clerk's office at Cincinnati, in order to maintain himself, by devoting a portion of his time to that labor, while engaged in his studies. In 1807 he was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of the law at Lebanon, Ohio. In 1812 he became a candidate to represent his district in Congress, and was elected by a large majority. He professed the political principles of the Democratic party, being an ard&it supporter of the war, and of President Madison's adminis tration. In 1814 he was again elected to Congress by a unanimous vote, a circum stance of rare occurrence, and remained a member of the House of Representatives until 1816, when the Legislature of Ohio having elected him a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, he resigned his seat in Congress at the close of the session. He remained six years upon the Supreme Bench of Ohio. In 1822 he was appointed 17 Commissioner of the General Land Office by President Monroe ; and in 1823 he be came Postmaster General. In the year 1829 he was appointed, by President Jack son, a Justice of the United States Su preme Court, after he had refused the offer of the War aud Navy Departments. He entered upon the discharge of his duties at the January Term of 1830, and died at Cincinnati, April 4, 1861. McLean, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress from Illinois during the years 1818 and 1819; was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1824 to 1825, and again from 1829 to 1830, having died on the 4th of October of the latter year. McLean, Samuel. — He was elected a Delegate from the Territory of Montana to the Thirty-eighth Congress ; and was re elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. McLean, William. — He was a native of Morris County, New Jersey ; a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1829, and died at Cincinnati, October 12, 1839. He was a brother of Judge McLean, and when in Congress was mainly instru mental in procuring an appropriation of half a million of acres of land for the ex tension of the, Ohio Canal from Cincinnati to Cleveland. After his service in Con gress he was engaged in business in Cin cinnati. McLene, Jeremiah. — He was bom in 1 767, and died in Washington City, March 19, 1837. He was for twenty-one years Secretary of State for Ohio, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. McManus, William. — He was born in Rensselaer County, New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827. McMullen, Fayette. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1855, and in May, 1857, he was appointed by President Buchanan Governor of the Ter ritory of Washington. McNair, John. — He w-as bom in Penn sylvania in 1800, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Died at Evansport, Prince William County, Virginia, in August, 1861. McNiel, Archibald. — Born in Cum berland County, North Carolina; entered 258 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. the House of Commons in 1608 ; re-elected in 1809 ; served in the State Senate in 181 1 and 1615, and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1821 to 1823, and again from 1825 to 1627. McPherson, Edward. — Born in Get tysburg, Adams County, Pennsylvania. July 31, 1830 ; graduated at Pennsylvania College in 1848; devoted some attention to the printing business, and edited a paper at Harrisburg in 1651, and for several years afterwards. On account of his health he subsequently turned his attention to agricultural pursuits ; and in 1858 was elected a Representative from Pennsyl vania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. He has delivered many public addresses on literary and other topics, and is the author of several letters touching the internal affairs of his native State. Re elected to the. Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Library, and as a member of the Com mittee on Military Affairs ; and in 1863 he was appointed Deputy Commissioner of the Revenue in the Treasury Department ; and on the meeting of the Thirty-eighth Congress he was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives, and re-elected Clerk for the Thirty-ninth Congress. Dur ing his last term in Congress he was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. In 1864 he published "The Political History of the United States of America during the Great Rebellion." McQueen, John. — He wasborn in Rob inson County, North Carolina, in 1806. He claims descent in a direct line from the heroic Robert Bruce of Scotland, and his father, James McQueen, was a nephew of the celebrated Flora MacDonald. He re ceived a good education under the guidance of an elder brother, Rev. A. McQueen, who was a graduate of the Chapel Hill Univer sity, North Carolina. He commenced the study of law in his native State, and com pleted his course of study in South Caro lina, to which he removed at an eaily day. He was admitted to the bar in 1626, and having settled in Marlborough District, he there commenced, and has ever since, as his public calls have permitted, continued the practice of his profession with success. During the Nullification times of 1833, he was elected a Colonel of the State Militia, in 1634 a Brigadier General, and in 1635 a Major General, which last position he held for ten years, and then resigned. He was elected a Representative in Congress in 1849, and was a member down to the Thir ty-sixth Congress, serving on leading com mittees. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Withdrew in December, 1860. McRae, John J. — He was bom in Wayne County, Mississippi ; received a good education ; adopted the profession of law ; was elected frequently to the State Legislature, and during two sessions offi ciated as Speaker; was also elected to the State Senate ; was Governor of Mississippi, from 1844 to 1648; was, in 1651, by ap pointment, for a short time in the United States Senate ; and was elected to the sec ond session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Mississippi, as the successor to Gene ral Quitman ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. Joined the Great Rebellion in 1861. McReady, James. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1819 to 1821. McRoberts, Samuel. — He was a Sen ator in Congress, from Illinois, from 1641 to the time of his death, which occurred March 27, 1843, in Cincinnati, Ohio, aged about forty years. He was a native of Illinois; educated at Transylvania Univer sity; was a lawyer by profession; held the office of Judge of one of the higher courts ; was a member of the Illinois Sen ate ; and held the position of District At torney for the United States in Illinois. McRuer, Donald C. — He was born in Maine in 1626; educated at public schools and academies ; adopted the mercantile pro fession; and, having emigrated to Cali fornia, filled the office of Harbor Commis sioner for that State, and in 1864 was elected a Representative, from California, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and the Post Office and Post Roads. McSherry, James. — He was a native of Adams County, Pennsylvania; served twenty years in tjie Legislature of that State ; was a Delegate to reform the Con stitution of the same; and a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1621 to 1823. Died at Littlestown, Penn sylvania, February 3, 1649. McVean, Charles. — He was bom at Johnstown, New York, in 1802, and died in the city of New York, December 20, 1848. He was bred to the law, which he practiced with success in Montgomery County, until he removed to New Y'ork. He held the BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 259 office of Surrogate ; served as a Represent ative in Congress, from 1833 to 1835; and at the time of his death was District Attor ney for Southern New York. McWillie, William. — He was born in Kershaw District, South Carolina, Novem ber 17, 1795 ; graduated at the South Caro lina College in 1817 ; adopted the profes sion of law ; came to the bar in 1818 ; was an Adjutant of Militia ; was a Representa tive and Senator in the Legislature of South Carolina; and, on removing to Mississippi, in 1845, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. He was also President of a bank for several years ; and elected Governor of the State in 1858. Meacham, James. — Born in Rutland, Vermont, in 1810; graduated at Middle- bury College in 1822; was tutor there; stud ied theology ; was settled in New Haven, Vermont ; was called from his parish to the Professorship of Elocution and English Literature in Middlebury College, when, in 1849, he was elected a Representative in Congress, and twice re-elected. At the time of his death, August 22, 1856, he was a member of Congress, and a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. Mead, C'owles. — He was elected a Rep resentative in Congress, from Georgia, in 1 805, but his election was successfully con tested by Thomas Spalding ; and in 1 806 he was appointed, by President Jefferson, Secretary of Mississippi Territory. Meade, Richard K. — He was born in Virginia; received a liberal education ; and adopted the profession of law ; he was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1847 to 1853 ; was appointed, by Pres ident Pierce, in 1853, Charge d'Affaires to Sardinia; and in 1857 w-as appointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to Brazil, which mission he held until 1861. Mebane, Alexander. — Born in Haw- fields, Orange County, North Carolina, November 26, 1767, and died July 5, 1795. He was a member of the Convention, in 1776, that met to form the State Constitu tion ; served a number of years in the Leg islature ; and was in Congress during the years 1793 and 1794, from North Carolina. He was distinguished for his sense, integ rity, and firmness. Medill, William. — He was bora in New Castle County, Delaware ; received an aca demical education; he studied law, and hav ing removed to Ohio, was admitted to the bar of that State in1832; hewassoon after elected to the State Legislature, serving a number of years, and was twice elected Speaker ; ho was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843 ; by President Polk, he was appointed First Assistant Postmaster General, and subsequently held the office of Commis sioner of Indian Affairs ; in 1850 he was a member of the Convention called to revise the State Constitution, and chosen Chair man ; in 1851 and 1852 he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Ohio ; in 1S53 he was elected Governor of Ohio ; and, by President Buchanan, was appointed First Comptroller of the United States Treasury. Died at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Septem ber 2, 1865. Meech, Ezra. — He was born in New London, Connecticut, July 26, 1773; was associated in early life with John Jacob Astor in the fur trade; in 1.806 became agent of the Northwest Fur Company ; and in 1809 was agent for supplying the British Government with spars and timber. Hav ing settled in Vermont, he was, in 1822 and 1823, elected Chief Justice of Chittenden County ; and was a member of the Con stitutional Conventions of .1822 and 1.826. He was elected, in 1805 and 1807, to the State Legislature ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Vermont, from 1819 to 1821, and again from 1825 to 1827. In 1841 he was a Presidential Elector. Dur ing the latter years of his life he was de voted to agricultural pursuits, and owned one farm, kept in a high state of cultiva tion, which contained three thousand acres, and upon which have been seen a flock of three thousand sheep, and a herd of eight hundred oxen. He was remarkable for his intelligence and hospitality, and not less so for his personal appearance, as he measured six feet five inches in height, and weighed three hundred and seventy pounds ; and, strange as it may seem, he was one of the most expert trout fishers in the country. He died at Sherburne, Vermont, September 23, 1856. Meigs, Henry. — Born in New Haven, Connecticut, October 23, 1782 ; graduated at Yale College in 1798 ; educated a lawyer, and was elected a Representative in Con gress, from New York City, from 1819 to 1821, and for many years was an active officer, Recording Secretary, and Trustee of the American Institute in New York. It was said of him, as something remark able, that he never wore an overcoat, never had a sore throat or headache, and, when 260 BIOGRAP HICAL RECORDS. seventy years of age, did not use glasses. Died in New York, May 20, 1861. Meigs, Return J. — Was a native of Middletown, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1785, and was a lawyer by profession. He removed to Ohio, and be came a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State ; was a Senator in Congress, from 1808 to 1810; and was Governor of the State, from 1810 to 1614. He was appointed Post master General of the United States in 1814, and held the office nine years. He died at Marietta, March 29, 1825. Mellen, Prentiss. — Born in Sterling, Massachusetts, October 11, 1764; grad uated at Cambridge in 1764 ; studied law, and settled at Bridgew-ater ; in 1792 he became a citizen of Biddeford, Maine, and in 1806 settled at Portland. In 1817 he was chosen a Senator in Congress, from Massachusetts ; also a Presidential Elector in 1817; and on the separation of Maine, in 1620, he resigned his seat in the Senate, and was elected the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Maine. He occu pied a high position as a lawyer and jurist ; and m 1834, after becoming disqualified by age to serve as judge, he resumed the practice of law. His decisions may be found in the first eleven volumes of the Maine Reports. He was also a Trustee of Bowdoin College, from 1817 to 1836; and in 1828 received the degree of LL.D. from that institution. He died at Portland, De cember 31, 1840. Menifee, Richard H. — He was a mem ber of Congress, from Kentucky, from 1837 to 1839, and died at Frankfort, Feb ruary 21, 1841. Menzies, John W. — Was born in Fay ette County, Kentucky, April 12, 1819; graduated at the University of Virginia in 1840 ; studied law aud came to the bar iu 1841, establishing himself in Covington, Kentucky, where he has ever since prac ticed his profession. In 1848 and 1855 he was elected to the General Assembly of Kentucky ; and in 1661 he was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving ou the Committees on Elections, and Unfinished Business. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1804. Mercer, Charles Fenton.— Bom in Fredericksburg, Virginia, June 6, 1778; graduated at Princeton in 1797. In 1798, while a student of law, he tendered his services to General Washington for the defence of the country against a threatened invasion by the French, and received from him a commission as First Lieutenant of Cavalry, and soon after that of Captain, which he declined, not intending to devote his life to the military profession. In 1803, after spending a year in Europe, he re turned and practiced law. From 1810 to 1817 he was a member of the General As sembly of Virginia. Iu 1811 he was again called to military duty by the General Government; and in 1813 was appointed aid to the Governor, and rose to the rank of Brigadier General of Militia, having command of the forces at Norfolk. In 1616, as Chairman of the Committee on Finance, in the Legislature, he devoted his time to the promotion of internal im provements, and was chief supporter of the measure for the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and was appointed President of the Canal Company. He was a member of Congress, from 1817 to 1640. In 1853 he visited Europe from philanthropic mo tives, at bis own expense, and used his efforts for the entire abolition of the African slave trade, conferring with the chief ex ecutive officers of most of the kingdoms of Europe on the subject. He died at Howard, near Alexandria, Virginia, May 4, 1853. • Mercer, James. — He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Virginia, from 1779 to 1780. Mercer, John F. — He was a soldier of the Revolution ; was a member of the old Congress, in 1782 ; was a member, from Maryland, of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, but did not sign that instrument; a Representative in the new Congress, from 1792 to 1794; Gov ernor of Maryland, from 1801 to 1803; also a member of the Legislature of that State; and died at Philadelphia, August 30, 1821, in the sixty-fourth year of his Mercur, Ulysses. — He was born in Towanda, Bradford county, Pennsylvania, August 12, 1818; graduated at Jeflerson College in 1842; studied law while in col lege, and came to the bar in 1843 ; was a Presidential Elector in i860 ; in March, 1861, he was appointed President Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial District of Penn sylvania, and elected to the office in Octo ber following for a term of ten years, but which he resigned on being elected in 1864 a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 261 Meredith, Samuel. — He was born in Philadelphia in 1750 : was among the first to espouse the cause of the Revolution, in which he served and suffered, and acquitted himself with credit at the battles of Tren ton and Princeton ; and he was one of those who enjoyed the confidence and friendship of Washington. He served for a, time in the Colonial Legislature of Penn sylvania ; was a Delegate from that State to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788 ; and on the organization of the Fed- ederal Government he was appointed by President Washington Treasurer of the United States, in which office he continued until 1801, when he resigned. He died at Belmont, his seat in Wayne County, Penn sylvania, in 1817. He and his brother-in- law, George Clymer, gave £10,000 in silver to carry on the war. Meriwether, David. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1802 to 1807 ; and was appointed, by Pres ident Jefferson, in 1804, a Commissioner to treat with the Creek Indians. He was a Presidential Elector in 1813 and in 1326. Meriwether, David. — He was a Sen ator in Congress, from Kentucky, by ap pointment, for one session, in 1852, and was appointed, by President Pierce, May 6, 1853, Governor of the Territory of New Mexico. Meriwether, I. A. — He was born in Georgia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Meriwether, James. — He was born in Wilkes County, Georgia, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1825 to 1827. Merrick William D. — He filled seve ral prominent positions in the State of Maryland, and served in the United States ¦Senate, from 1838 to 1845. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, Feb ruary 5, 1857, at an advanced age. He was the author of the cheap postage scheme in Congress. Merrill, Orsamus C. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1817 to 1820, when his seat was suc cessfully contested by R. C. Mallory ; and also held the positions in that State of County Attorney for two years ; State Councillor for four years ; State Senator for one year ; Register of Probate for two years ; and Judge of Probate for six years. He was born in Vermont in 1776, and died at Bennington, in that State, April 11, 1865. i Mervin, Orange. — He was bom in Litchfield, Connecticut, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1825 to 1829. Metcalf, Arunah. — He was a native of New York ; a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 tol813, and sub sequently served four years in the Assem bly of New York, from Otsego County. Metcalf, Thomas. — He was bom in Fauquier County, Virginia, March 20, 1780. When he was quite young, his parents emigrated to Kentucky, and settled in Fayette, where his education was re stricted to the advantages of a few months' attendance at a country school. He worked at the trade of a mason, but employed his leisure hours in study, and soon developed remarkable intellectual abilities. In 1809 he first appeared as a public speaker, in defence of his country against British op pression ; served in the war of 1812, and in 1813 commanded a company of infantry at the battle of Fort Meigs, and greatly distinguished himself for his bravery. He was subsequently a member of the Ken tucky Legislature for several years, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1819 to 1829, w-hen he was elected Gov ernor of Kentucky, which office he held until 1833. In 1834 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1840 was chosen President of the Board of Internal Improvement. In 1848 he was appointed and elected to fill the unexpired term of Mr. Crittenden in the Senate of the United States, after which he retired to his farm, between Maysville and Lexington. He boasted of his service as a stone-mason, and delighted in being called the" Old Stone Hammer." Hediedin Nich olas County, Kentucky, August 18, 1855. Middleswarth, Ner. — He was born in New Jersey, and on removing to Pennsyl vania was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Died June 2, 1865. Middleton, Arthur. — He was born ou Ashley River, South Carolina, in 1743 ; after a course of studies at Westminster, he graduated at Cambridge, England ; travelled two years in Europe ; on his re turn home he was placed on various local committees looking to liberty ; in 1775 he was one of the council of safety ; was the author of the first draught of the State Con stitution, and was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress, from 1776 to 1778, and again from 1781 to 1783, and signed the Declaration of Independence. On the sur- 262 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. render of Charleston he w-as taken prisoner, but released in a few months by exchange. He served frequently in the State Legisla ture ; and while attempting to retrieve his fortune, which had been seriously affected by the war, he died, January 1, 1787. Middleton, George. — Was born in Philadelphia, October 14, 1811; came of the old stock of the Society of Friends ; re ceived a common school education ; while yet a boy removed with his father to New Jersey, and settled in Burlington; was engaged for many years in the business of tanning ; was twice elected to the Legisla ture of New Jersey ; has been noted in his district as a local peace-maker among his neighbors ; and was elected a Representa tive, from New Jersey, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and on the Expenditures in the Interior Department. Middleton, Henry.— He was born in South Carolina; was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Con gress, from 1774 to 1776, and was the second member called to officiate as Pres ident over that body His son, bearing the same name, was subsequently a Representa tive in the Federal Congress. Middleton, Henry. — A native of South Carolina ; was chosen a Representative in the State Legislature in 1801 ; then State Senator until elected Governor in 1310. From 1815 to 1619 he was a Representa tive in Congress, and in 16J0 was ap pointed, by President Monroe, Minister to Russia, which position he filled for many years. He died in Charleston, South Caro lina, June 14, 16-16. Mifflin, Thomas.— He was born at Phila delphia in 1744 ; was educated for the mer cantile profession, and after a tourin Europe entered that business with his brother. In 1772 he was a Representative from Philadel phia in the Provincial Assembly, and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress. from Pennsylvania, from 1774 to 1770. He distinguished himself as Major in the army, at the battle of Lexington, and in 1776 was appointed Quartermaster General, and subsequently Brigadier General, and in 1777 attained the rank of Major General. He was active in raising uew regiments for the war, previous to the battle, of Tren ton. In 1782 he was af that State in 1,624. He read law at Newbern, and was admitted to the bar in 1827. He served three years in the House of Commons ; was elected Solicitor of Edenton District in 1836; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from 1647 to 1853. Outlaw, George C. — He was born in Bertie County, North Carolina; was a member of the House of Commons in 1796 ; in the State Senate a number of years thereafter ; and a Representative in Con gress during the years 1624 and 1625. Died August 15, 1635. Overstreet, James. — He was a native of Barnwell District, South CaroUna ; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1822. Died in 1822. Overton, Walter H. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1829 to 1331. ~ Owen, Allen F. — He was bom in North Carolina, and having removed to Georgia, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1851. He was subsequently appointed Consul at Havana. Owen, George W. — Born in Bruns wick County, Virginia, in 1798 ; was Speaker of the House of Representatives in Alabama ; Mayor of Mobile ; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1629, when he was ap pointed Collector of the port of Mobile. He died August 18, 1839, at Mobile, Ala bama. Owen, James. — Born in Bladen Coun ty, North Carolina, in December, 1764. He was well educated, and adopted the occupation of a planter. He was a Gene ral of Militia ; four years a member of the Legislature ; and a Representative in Con gress, from North Carolina, from 1817 to 1819. Owen, Robert Dale. — He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, November 7, 1801. His grandfather, David Dale, was an emi nent cotton manufacturer on the Clyde ; and his father, Robert Owen, was the cele brated philanthropist. He was educated by a private tutor until the age of sixteen, w-hen he entered the private college of Hofwyl, near Berne, in Switzerland, re maining there three years. In 1826, his father having purchased the estate of NeW Harmony, in Indiana, he emigrated to this country. In 1635 he was chosen to the Indiana Legislature, and twice re- elected. Iu 1843 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Indiana, and re-elected in 1845. He introduced the bill organizing the Smithsonian Institution, and w-as one of its first Regents ; and he also submitted the resolution which brought about a set tlement of the Oregon Boundary. In 1849 he was elected to the Constitutional Convention of Indiana, and made its Chairman ; and in 1853 he was appointed, by President Pierce, Minister to Naples, remaining there five years. In 1860 he published " Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World," and in 1864 " The Wrong of Slavery and the Right of Emancipa BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 287 tion." After a succession of efforts, ex tending through fifteen years, he procured the passage in Indiana of laws securing to women independent rights of property ; and during the Rebellion he served on two important Government Commissions. Owens, George W. — A prominent member of the Georgia bar, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. Died at Savannah in 1856. Owsley, Bryan Y\ — He was born in Kentucky ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Paca, William. — Born at Wye Hall, Maryland, October 31, 1740 ; received a liberal education, and adopted the pro fession of law ; was a member of the Maryland Legislature ; a Delegate, from that State, to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1779; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. On the commencement of hostilities he contributed of his private wealth to the public cause ; served upon various important local Com mittees ; after leaving Congress he was appointed Chief Judge of the Superior Court of Maryland, and in 1780 he was appointed Chief Judge in Admiralty cases ; in 1782 he was elected Governor of Mary land, and re-elected in 1786; in 1789 he was appointed District Judge for the Dis trict of Maryland, which .office he held until his death, which occurred in 1799. Packer, Asa. — He was born in Con necticut; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1853 to 1857. Page, John. — He was one of the first Representatives in Congress, from Vir ginia, under the present Constitution, serving from 1789 to 1797. In 1800 he was chosen one of the Electors for Presi dent, and from 1802 to 1805 was Governor of Virginia. He published addresses to the people in 1796 and 1799. He died at Richmond, Virginia, October 11, 1804, aged sixty-four years.. Page, John.— He was bom in Concord, New Hampshire, May 21, 1787 ; received an academical education, but was chiefly devoted to agricultural pursuits. In 1815 he was appointed an Assessor of Taxes ; was a Register of Deeds from 1828 to 1834 for Grafton County ; served in the New Hampshire Legislature in 1818, 1819, 1820, and 1835 ; in 1836 he was chosen a member of the Executive Council, and again in 1838 ; and it was during the in tervening year 1837 that he served as a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of Isaac Hill, resigned ; and he was Gov ernor of New Hampshire from 1839 to 1842. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a leading member of the Methodist Church. Died at Concord, Sep tember 8, 1865. Page, Mann. — He w-as a Delegate, from Virginia, to the Continental Congress in 1777. ' Page, Robert. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 1801. Page, Sherman. — He was born in Con necticut ; served in the Assembly of New Y'ork, from Otsego County, in 1827; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. Paine, Elijah. — Born in Brooklyn, Con necticut, January 21, 1757, and graduated at Harvard College in 1781. Hew-as the first President of the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard, and pronounced the first oration before the same. He was a lawyer by profession ; and having settled in Vermont?, was one of the most useful pioneers of the new State, following the practice of his profession, and the employ ments of farmer, road maker, and cloth manufacturer. In 1786 he was a member of the Convention called to revise the State Constitution, and of which he was Secre tary. In 1787 he was elected to the State Legislature, and so continued until 1791, when he was appointed Judge of the Su preme Court. He was one of the Com missioners to settle the controversy between Vermont and New York in 1789 ; was a Trustee of Dartmouth College ; President of the Vermont Colonization Society; a pecuniary benefactor to the University of Vermont ; received from Harvard College the degree of LL.D., and was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and an honorary member of several other literary institutions. He was a Senator in Congress, from Vermont, from 1795 to 1801. In 1801 he was ap pointed, by President Adams, Judge of the District Court of Vermont, which office he held till within a month of his death, when he resigned. He died at Williams- town, Vermont, April 21, 1842. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Paine, Ephraim. — He was a Delegate, from New York, to the Continental Con gress in 1784 and 1785. Paine, Halbert E. — He was born in Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio, February 4, 1826; graduated at the Western Reserve College in 1845; studied law, and came to the bar in 1848, settling in Cleveland ; re moved to Milwaukie, Wisconsin, in 1857 ; entered the army in 1861 as Colonel of the Fourth Wisconsin Regiment; was pro moted to the rank of Brigadier General in March, 1863 ; and lost a leg in the follow ing June, while in command of the Third Division of the Nineteenth Corps, at the last assault on Port Hudson. He resigned his commission in May, 1865 ; and was elected a Representative, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections, and the Select Committee on the Freedmen. Paine, Robert Treat. — He was bom in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1731 ; grad uated at Harvard College in 1749 ; studied theology, and w-as a Chaplain in the army in 1758; and, after trying various other pursuits, he settled in Taunton as a law yer. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1778, and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was for a while Attorney General of Massachusetts, and subsequently a Judge of the Supreme Court of that State. In 1804 he resigned the office of Judge, and was appointed one of the State Councillors ; and in about one year retired to private life. Died May 11, 1814. His son, bear ing the same name, was distinguished as a poet. Paine, Robert T. — He was born in North Carolina; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1657. Palen, Rufus. — He was born in New Y'ork ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Palfrey, John G. — Born in Boston, May 2, 1795. He was prepared for col lege at Exeter Academy, and graduated at Harvard in 1815 ; he studied theology, and was ordained a Unitarian preacher in 1816 ; he was subsequently, for a number of years, editor of the "North American Review;" delivered a course of lectures before the Lowell Institute ; during the years 1842 and 1843 he was a member of the General Court ; was elected Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ; and he w-as a member of Congress, from 1847 to 1849. His published writings are numerous, chiefly of a theological and polit ical character, His last work was a History of New England. Palmer, Beriah. — Born in New York; served four years in the Assembly of New Y'ork, from Saratoga County; and was a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1805. Palmer, George W. — BorninHoosick, Rensselaer County, New York, January 13, 1818 : received a common school edu cation ; adopted the profession of law ; was Surrogate of Clinton County from 1843 to 1847 ; and a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from New York, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Depart ment. He was re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. Palmer, John. — He was born in Hoo- sick, Rensselaer County, New York, in 1785 ; received a good education, and studied law ; and having settled in Platts- burg, Clinton County, in 1810, formed a law partnership with Chancellor Wal worth, which continued until 1820. He was elected a Representative to Congress in 1817, but before the expiration of his term he -was chosen District Attorney for Clinton County, in which capacity he served until 1831, and during that year he was made the first Judge of said county, and held the office until 1836. He was again elected to Congress in 1837, and served one term. He died of consumption, at St. Bartholomew-, West Indies, Decem ber 8, 1840. Palmer, William A. — He was a Sena tor in Congress, from Vermont, from 1318 to 1825. He was also a member of the Vermont Legislature for six years ; Judge of the Supreme Court in 1816; Governor of Vermont from 1831 to 1835 ; member of the Constitutional Conventions of 1828 and 1836 : Judge of Probate and of the County Court ; two years a State Senator ; and for eight years Clerk of the Courts. Died at Danville, Vermont, at an advanced age, in December, 1660. Parish, Isaac. — He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1339 to 1341, and again from 1345 to 1347. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 289 Parke, Benjamin. — He was a native of New Jersey, and was bom in 1777. He was one of the early pioneers to the Western Territory, and settled in that portion which now forms the State of Indiana in 1800. From 1805 to 1808 he was a Delegate in Congress from that Territory, and was soon after appointed by President Jefferson Judge of the District Court, which office he held until his death, which occurred in Salem, Indiana, July 12, 1835. He was at one time President of the State Historical Society. Parker, Amasa J. — Born in 1807, at Sharon, Connecticut, and graduated at Union College, New York. He was ad mitted to the bar in Delhi, New York, in October, 1828. In 1833 he was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and in 1835 was chosen a Regent of the University. From 1837 to 1839 he was a Representative in Congress, and in 1844 he was appointed a Circuit Judge and Vice- Chancellor of the Court of Equity. Soon after the adoption of a new State Constitu tion he became a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Y'ork. In 1859 he was ap pointed United States Attorney for the District of New York. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Parker, Andrew. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Parker, Isaac. — Born in Boston, Massa chusetts, June 17, 1768, and graduated at Harvard College in 1786. He commenced the practice of law at Castine, in the Dis trict of Maine, and was elected to Congress, serving as Representative from 1797 to 1799. He was appointed by President Adams Marshal for the District of Maine, which office he held till 1801. He after wards removed to Portland, and in 1806 was chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court, and in 1814 Chief Justice, which position he occupied for sixteen years. In 1820 he was President of the Massachusetts Con vention for the revision of the Constitution, and for several years hff was Professor of Law in Harvard University. He was a distinguished scholar and friend of litera ture, and for eleven years was a Trustee of Bowdoin College, and for twenty years an Overseer of Harvard. He died in Boston, May 26, 1830. Parker, James. — He was born in the Township of Bethlehem, Hunterdon Coun 19 ty, New Jersey, March 1, 1776. He was a student in Columbia College, New York, and graduated in 1793 ; he entered the counting-house of a merchant in New York, and remained there until 1797, when he settled in Perth Amboy, where he has since resided ; he was for a few years engaged in trade ; was a member of the New Jersey Legislature in 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1812, 1813, 1815, 1816, 1818, and 1827— in all eleven years ; was a Jackson Elector in 1824 ; Collector of the Customs at Perth Amboy from 1829 to 1833 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1837. He also served as one of the Com missioners, on the part of New Jersey, to settle the boundary and jurisdiction be tween New York and New Jersey, at the different periods of 1807, 1827, and 1833, obtaining an agreement during the year last named ; and he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the State in 1844. Mr. Parker is still living, in the enjoyment of a pleasant home and troops of friends. Parker, James. — A native of Boston, Massachusetts ; was a physician by profes sion; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1815, and from 1819 to 1821. He was for fifty years a resident of Gardiner, Maine, where he died November 9, 1837, aged sixty-nine years. Parker, John. — He was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788. Parker, John M. — Born in Granville, Washington County, New York, June 14, 1805; graduated at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1828; was a lawyer by pro fession ; and a Representative in the Thirty- fifth Congress from New York, serving on the Committees of Public Expenditures and Revolutionary Pensions. Parker, Josiah. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1789 to 1601. Parker, Nahum.— He was a Senator in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1807 to 1810, having also held the positions of State Councillor from 1805 to 1807, Presi dent of the State Senate in 1828, and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Hills borough County from 1822 to 1825. Re signed his seat in the Senate, June, 1860. Parker, Richard. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in 290 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Congress, from' that State, from 1849 to 1851. Parker, Richard E. — Born in 1777 ; in early life was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates ; for many years a Judge of the General and Circuit Courts of Virginia; also a Judge of the Supreme Court of Appeals ; and for a brief period, from 1836 to 1637, a Senator in Congress. He died in Virginia, in November, 1640. Parker, Samuel W. — He was born in Jefferson County, New Y'ork, September 9, 1805 ; graduated at the Miami University, in Ohio, in 1828; settled in Indiana, and, while studying law, taught school and edited a newspaper; he was admitted to the bar in 1831 ; was elected to the Legis lature in 1836, where he served five years ; and was two years Attorney for the State. He was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1851 to 1855: he was, in 1846, President of the White Water Canal Company, the charter for which he had passed by the Legislature ; in 1644 he was a Clay Elector, and in 1656 an Elector for Fremont ; and at the present time is Presi dent of the Junction Railway Company of Indiana, where he resides, chiefly engaged in agricultural pursuits. Parker, Severn E. — He was bom in Northampton County, Virginia, and was a prominent member of the Virginia Legis lature, an eminent lawyer, and a Repre sentative in Congress from 1819 to 1821. He died October 21, 1836, in Northampton County, Virginia. Parks, Gorham. — He was born in the western part of Massachusetts in 1793; graduated at Harvard College in 1813 ; adopted the profession of law, and com menced practice at Bangor; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1633 to 1837. From 1636 to 1841 he was United States Marshal for the District of Maine ; from 1643 to 1845 United States Attorney ; and from 1 845 to 1 64'J United States Consul at Rio Janeiro. Farmenter, William.— He was born in Massachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1345. He was also a State Senator in 1836 ; and Naval Officer at Boston from 1645 to 1849. Died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, February 27, 1866. Parris, Albion K.— He was bom in Hebron, Oxford County, Maine, Januaiy 19, 1766 ; graduated at Dartmouth College ! in 1606; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1809; in 1811 he was appointed Attorney for Oxford County ; in 1813 was elected to the General Court ; in 1814 was chosen a State Senator; w_as elected a Representative in Congress in 1815, and again in 1817 ; in 1816 he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention; was appointed Judge of the Federal Dis trict Court in 1818. In 1819 he was a member of the State Convention for framing a Constitution ; and in 1820 was appointed Judge of Probate for Cumberland County. He was five times elected Governor of Maine, from 1822 to 1 627 ; was a Senator in Congress in 1627 and 1623 ; was ap pointed Judge of the Supreme Court of the State in 1828, holding the office until 1836, when he became Second Comptroller in the Federal Treasuiy Department. He left this office in 1650, and returned to Portland, of which city, in 1852, he was elected Mayor. He died in Portland, February 11, 1857. Parris, Virgil D. — Bom in Maine ; adopted the profession of law ; was Assist ant Secretary of the State Senate in 1831 ; was a member of the Maine Legislature from 1833 to 1839; a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1838 to 1841 ; a State Senator in 1842 and 1,343; United States Marshal for Maine from 1844 to 1848 ; United States Special Mail Agent from 1653 to 1656 ; and subsequently held the office of Naval Storekeeper at Kittery, Maine. When in the State Senate he was President pro tern., and for a short time acting Governor of the State. ' Parrott, John F. — He was a member, in 1811, of the New Hampshire Legisla ture ; a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1817 to 1819; and a Senator of the United States from 1819 to 1825 ; • and in 1626 was appointed Postmas ter at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He died in Greenland, New Hampshire, July 9, 1636, aged sixty-eight years. Parrott, Marcus J.— Born at Ham burg, South Carolina, October 27, 1623: graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsyl vania, in 1649 ; «is a lawyer by profession, having studied at Cambridge ; was a mem ber of the Ohio Legislature in 1853 and 3654; and was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress from Kansas Terri tory. Elected also to the Thirty sixth Congress. Partridge, George. — He graduated at Harvard College in 1762; was a Delegate BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 291 to the Continental Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1776 to 1778, and in 1784; and a Representative in Congress, after the adoption of the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791. He died at Duxbury, Massachu setts, July 7, 1828, aged eighty-eight years. Partridge, Samuel. — He was born in New York ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Paterson, William. — Bom at sea, of Irish parents, in 1745. He graduated at Princeton in 1763 ; studied law and admit ted to the bar in 1769 ; was a member of the Convention which formed the first Con stitution of New Jersey in 1776 ; from that time until the year 1786 he was Attorney General of the State ; and was one of the first Senators in Congress from 1789 to 1790, when he resigned, having previously been a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, which instrument he signed. He was Governor of New Jersey from 1791 to 1794, when he was appointed, by the President, a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, which he held until his death in 1806. In 1798 and 1799 he revised, by authority of the Legislature, the laws of New Jersey, a work highly esteemed and the foundation of the jurisprudence of the State. He re ceived the degree of LL.D. from Harvard and Dartmouth. Patterson, David T. — After the close of the Rebellion, in 1865, he was elected a Senator in Congress from Tennessee for the term ending in 1869, but was not admitted to his seat until near the end of the first session of the Thirty-ninth Congress. (A proper notice of him is necessarily post poned until the next edition of this work.) Patterson, James W. — He was born in Henniker, Merrimack County, New Hampshire, July 2, 1823 ; was educated at Dartmouth College, graduating iu 1848. From 1854 to 1859 he was a Professor of Mathematics in Dartmouth College, after which he was transferred to the chair of Professor of Astronomy and Meteorology, in the same college, which he still holds. From 1858 to 1861 he was a School Com missioner for Grafton County, and at the same time was Secretary of the Board of Education for the State. In 1862 he served in the State Legislature, and was elected a Representative from New Hampshire to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Expenditures in the Treas ury Department, and for the District of Columbia. In 1864 he Was appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, and was reappointed in 1865. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving ou the Committees on Foreign Affairs and the Special Committee on the Death of Presi dent Lincoln, and also on that of a Bureau of Education. In June, 1866, he was elected a Senator in Congress for the term com mencing in 1867 and ending in 1873. Patterson, John. — He was a member, for four years, of the Assembly of New Y'ork ; and a Representative in Congress. from that State, from 1803 to 1805. . Patterson, John. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1823 fb 1825. Patterson, Thomas. — He was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1825. Patterson, Thomas J. — He was born iu New York ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Patterson, Walter. — He was bom in Columbia County, New York, and was a member of the Assembly of New York, in 1818, from Columbia County ; and a Rep resentative in Congress from 1821 to 1823. Patterson, William. — He was born in Maryland, and having settled in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1838. Patterson, William. — He was born in Londonderry, New Hampshire, June 4, 1789 ; removed to the State of New York in 1815, and subsequently settled in War saw, Genesee, now Wyoming County. He was elected a Representative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1837 to 1839, but died before the expiration of his term, at Warsaw, New York, August 14, 1838. Patton, John.— He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1785 and 1786, and a Representative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1793 to 1794, and for a second term from 1795 to 1797, but his seat was successfully contested by H. Lattimer. Patton, John. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. 292 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Patton, John M. — He was born in Vir ginia; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law, in which he was successful ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1830 to 1838. He died in October, 1858, in the sixty-second year of his age. He was for some years, and at the time of his death, Judge of the Court of Appeals. Paulding, William, Jr. — Born in Tar- rytown, Westchester County, New Y'ork, in 1769 ; was educated for the law and en gaged in a lucrative practice in New York City. He was a delegate to the New- York Convention for revising the State Constitu tion in 1821 ; and elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from .1811 to 1813, but he was absent from his seat dur ing the session in which war was declared, and served as General of militia during its prosecution. In 1823 he was chosen Mayor of New Y'ork, after which he held no public office. He died at Tarrytown, February 11, 1854. Pawling, Levi. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1817 to 1819. Payne, Winter W. — He w-as born in Fauquier County, ' Virginia, January 2, 1807; received a good English education, and emigrated to Alabama in 1825 ; was elected to the Alabama Legislature in 1831, and, with the exception of one year, served in that capacity until 1840; and was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1641 to 1617. He subsequently re turned to Warrenton, Virginia, where be settled, devoting himself to agricultural pursuits. Faynter, Lemuel. — He was born in Delaware, and on removing to Pennsyl vania, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. Peabody, Nathaniel— He was a Dele gate from New Hampshire to the Conti nental Congress in 1779 and 1780. Pearce, Dutee J.— Born in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, in 1789, and graduated at Brown University in 1808 ; died at New port, Rhode Island, May 9, 1849. He was a prominent lawyer ; at one time Attorney General of the State, and United States District Attorney for that district, and a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1825 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1837. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1821. He was a graduate of Brown University, and served in the Le gislature of Rhode Island. Pearce, James A. — He was born in Alexandria, Virginia, December 14, 1805, although of a Maryland family by his father's side. He graduated at Princeton College, with the first honors, in 1822; was bred to the law-, but was much en gaged in the pursuits of agriculture; he was a member of the Maryland Legislature in 1831 ; a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1843 ; and a Senator in Con gress from 1843 to 1862, having served for a number of years as Chairman of the Joint Committee on the Library. He also held the post of Professor of law in Wash ington College, Chestertown, and was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. Was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing March, 1863, but died at Chestertown, Maryland, December 20, 1862. Pearce, John J. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Pearson, Joseph. — Born in Rowan County, North Carolina, and died at Salis bury, October 27, 1634. He was a lawyer by profession, served two years in the State Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1809 to 1815. While in Congress he fought a duel with the Hon. Johu G. Jackson, the result of a political quarrel. Peaslee, Charles H. — He was born in Gilmanton, New Hampshire, in February, 18U4 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1824 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1853. He was also a State Representative from 1833 to 1837; Adjutant General of the State from 1339 to 1847; and Collector of Customs at Boston, from 1853 to 1857. Peck, George W. — He was born in New Y'ork about the year 1818; removed to Michigan, and was a member of the Le gislature of that State iu 1846 and 1847, serving as Speaker during the latter year; was afterwards chosen Secretary of State ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Michigan, from 1855 to 1857. Peck, Jared V. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 293 Peck, Lucius B. — He was'born in Ver mont, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1851. From 1853 to 1857 he was United States Attorney for Vermont. Peck, Luther C. — He was born in Con necticut, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New Y'ork, from 1837 to 1841. Peckham, Rufus W. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Peek, Hermanus. — He was born in Al bany, New York, and was for two years a member of the New York Assembly, from Schenectady County, and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1819 to 1821. Peery, 'William. — He was a Delegate, from Delaware, to the Continental Con gress, from 1785 to 1786. Pegram, John. — He was a native of Virginia, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1818 to 1819, to fill the unexpired term of Peterson Goodwin. Pelton, Guy R. — Born at Great Bar- rington, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, August 3, 1825. His tastes, from early boyhood, had inclined him to the study of law, but it was not until he had attained his twentieth year that he was enabled to prosecute his plans for a professional life, having previously to that time remained upon the homestead farm with his father. He spent two years in the academy of his native town, and three years in the Con necticut Literary Institute, after which he devoted one year to teaching at Lee, Mas sachusetts, and at Dover Plains, New York, employing his leisure in reading elementary works on law. He then entered a law of fice at Kindeihook, and completed his stud ies, being admitted to the bar in 1 850. In 1 851 he opened a law office in New York City, and in 1854 was elected a Represent ative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, after which he returned to New York, and re sumed his professional labors. Pendleton, Edmund. — He was a na tive of Virginia, and held various public offices in that State. He was a Judge of the Court of Appeals ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1775. In 1787 was chosen President of the Convention of Virginia which met to consider the Constitution of the United States. In 1789 he declined the appoint ment, by Washington, as District judge for Virginia. He died at Richmond, Oc tober 11, 1823, aged eighty-two. Pendleton, Edmund. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833. Pendleton, George H. — Born in Cin cinnati, Ohio, July 25, 1825 ; is a lawyer by profession ; was a member of the State Senate of Ohio in 1854 and 1855 ; was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixth, and Thirty-sev enth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs during each term. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee of Ways and Means, and as Chairman of a Special Committee on admitting Cabinet officers to the floor of the House of Repre sentatives. His father, Nathaniel Greene Pendleton, was also a Representative in Congress. In 1864 he was nominated for the office of Vice-President of the United States, on the ticket with George B. Mc Clellan for President. Pendleton, John S. — He was born in Virginia; in 1841 was appointed Charge d'Affaires to the Republic of Chili ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, ending in 1849. In 1851 he was appointed by President Fillmore Minister Resident to the Argentine Confederation ; and was authorized to negotiate with Paraguay, &c. Pendleton, Nathaniel Greene. — Born in Savannah, Georgia, in August, 1793 ; removed, with his father, to New York in his childhood ; was educated at Columbia College ; adopted the profession of law ; was an aid to General E. P. Gaines from 1813 to 1815; removed to Ohio in 1818; in 1825 was elected to the Senate of Ohio, and re-elected ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1841 to 1843, after which he voluntarily retired from public life. He wa3 a man of high char acter and uncommon ability, and died in Cincinnati, June 16, 1861. His father, Nathaniel, was an officer in the Revolu tionary war, a Judge, and second of Gen eral Alexander Hamilton iu his duel with Aaron Burr. Penn, Alexander G. — He was born in Virginia, and, having settled in Louisiana, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1651 to 1853. Died suddenly, in Washington, May 8, 1866, 294 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. while on a visit to that city. He once held a position in the Custom-house of New Orleans. Penn, John.— Born in Caroline county, Virginia, May 17, 1741 ; his early educa tion was defective, but he soon overcame all obstacles, and acquired a knowledge of law ; in 1774 he settled in North Carolina ; and he was a Delegate, from North Caro lina, to the Continental Congress, from 1775 to 1780, and signed the Declaration of Independence, as well as the Articles of Confederation. When Cornwallis in vaded North Carolina, he was placed in charge of public affairs, and acquitted him self with great credit ; in 1784 he was ap pointed Receiver of Taxes ; and he died October 26, 1809. Pemiiman, Ebenezer Jenckes. — He w-as born in Lansingburgh, New- Y'ork ; when thirteen years of age was apprenticed to the business of printing, in the office of the New Hampshire Sentinel, at Keene ; when thirteen years of age he purchased his indentures, and entered upon mercan tile pursuits in the city of New York ; re moved to Michigan in 1835 ; and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-second Congress. Pennington, Alexander C. M. — He was born in Newark, New Jersey ; a law yer by profession ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1857. He also served two years in the State Legislature. Pennington, William. — He was born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1797 ; received a liberal education, and adopted the pro fession of law ; in 1837 he was elected Governor of New Jersey, and annually re elected until 1843, acting at the same time as Chancellor of the State, ex officio, and taking a prominent part in what was known as the ' ' Broad Seal Controversy. " By Pre sident Taylor, he w-as appointed Governor of Minnesota Territory, and by President Fillmore, a Judge to settle land claims in California, both of which positions he de clined to accept. In 1858, contrary to his wishes, he was elected a Representative, from New Jersey, to the Thirty-sixth Con gress ; and, after the lapse of two months after takinghis seat, hewas elected Speaker of the House of Representatives. Died at Newark, New Jersey, February 16, 1662. He had been indisposed, and having taken an overdose of morphine, for some other medicine, died from its effects. Pennybacker, Isaac S. — Born in 1806, in Shenandoah County, Virginia; was a lawyer by profession; and a Representa tive in Congress, from 1837 to 1839 ; and then Judge of the District Court of West ern Virginia ; and a Senator in Congress for the term from 1845 to 1851. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, Jan uary 12, 1847. Perea, Francisco. — Was born in Za dillas, County of Bernalillo, New Mexico, January 9, 1831, and in 1863 he was elected a Delegate, from New Mexico, to the Thirty-eighth Congress. Perham, Sidney. — Was bom in Wood stock, Oxford County, Maine, March 27, 1819; until his thirty -fourth year he fol lowed the double occupation of farmer and teacher; in 1852 he was chosen a member of the Maine Board of Agriculture, which position he held for two years ; in 1855 he was a member of the State Legislature, and officiated as Speaker ; in 1856 he was a Presidential Elector ; in 1858 was elected County Clerk for Oxford County, and re elected in 1861 ; and in 1862 was elected a Representative, from Maine, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Agriculture, and Jnvalid Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Perkins, Bishop. — He was born in New Hampshire, and having settled in New York, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Perkins, Elias. — He was bom in Nor wich, Connecticut, April 5, 1767 ; grad uated at Y'ale College, in 1786; studied law, and after practicing a few years, re linquished the profession, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Con necticut, from 1791 to 1803. He was sub sequently chosen Judge of the Court for the County of New London, which office he held until he became ineligible from his advanced years ; was Mayor of the City of New London from 1829 to 1832, when he declined a re-election ; and he died in New London, September 27, 1845. Perkins, Jared. — He was born in New l Hampshire, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. He also held the position of State Councillor from 1846 to 1849; State Rep resentative iu 1850 ; and died at Nashua, October 14, 1854. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 295 Perkins, John, Jr. — He was born in Louisiana, July 1, 1819. He graduated at Yale College in 1840, and subsequently at the Law School of Harvard College ; he settled, for the practice of his profession, in New Orleans, but his health compelled him to travel in Europe ; on his return, in 1851, hewas, chosen a Judge of the Circuit Court of Louisiana, which position he held until elected to Congress, in 1853, where he advocated Democratic measures, and remained until 1855, serving on the Com mittee on Foreign Affairs. He is now de voted to planting in Louisiana. Perrill, Augustus L. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1845 to 1847. Perry, John J. — He was born in Ports mouth, New Hampshire, August 2, 1811, but when a child removed with his father, Rev. Daniel Perry, to Oxford, Maine; he received a common school education, and of his own accord spent three years at the "Maine Wesleyan Seminary," paying for his tuition by laboring on the farm belong ing to the institution, and also by teaching school in the winter. Having spent three years engaged in mercantile pursuits, he turned his attention to the law ; was ad mitted to the bar at Oxford in 1844, where he has practiced his profession ever since. He was elected to the Maine Legislature in 1839, 1842, and 1843 ; was afterwards for seven years Major General of the Maine militia ; in 1846 and 1847 he was elected to the State Senate ; in 1 854 he was elected Clerk of the Maine House of Representa tives ; and he was a Representative in Con giess from 1855 to 1 857. Of late years he has been connected with the press, as editor of the "Oxford Democrat," a paper pub lished at Paris, Maine; and he was also elected a Representative in the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Territories. He was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861 . Perry, Nehemiah. — He was born at Ridgefield, Connecticut, March 30, 1816; received a good education at the West Lane Seminary ; has been chiefly engaged in the cloth and clothing business ; was for many years the presiding member of the Com mon Council of Newark, New Jersey ; served a number of years in the Legisla ture of that State ; and was elected a Rep resentative from New Jersey to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Revolutionary Claims, and Expen ditures on Public Buildings. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Perry, Thomas. — He was born in Mary land, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Peter, George. — Born in Georgetown, Montgomery County, Maryland, (now the District of Columbia,) September 28, 1779. He was educated at private institutions and at the Georgetown College; entered the United States Army in 1799, and re signed in 1809 ; served as a Major of volun teers during the war of 1812; was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1816 to 1819, and again from 1825 to 1827 ; was elected twice to the State Legislature; and also served the public as Commissioner of Pub lic Works for the State of Maryland. Died in Montgomery County, Maryland, June 22, 1861. Peters, Richard. — He was bom near Philadelphia, August 22, 1744 ; graduated at Philadelphia College ; was a lawyer by profession, and very successful in his native State from the fluency with which he spoke German. He was remarkable for his wit, and when he accompanied the delegation from Pennsylvania to the Six Nations, the Indians were so delighted with his vivacity that he was formally adopted by them into their tribes. At the commencement of the Revolution he became a Captain of volun teers, but was soon transferred to the Board of War with which he was connected until 1781, when he resigned his post, and re ceived from Congress a vote of thanks for his services. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1783. After the organization of the Federal Gov ernment, Washington offered him the posi tion of Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States, which he declined, but ac cepted that of Judge of the District Court of Pennsylvania, which situation he occu pied until his death. Beside his duties on the bench, he was chiefly engaged in the pursuits of agriculture and public works ; was first President of the Company who built the permanent bridge over the Schuyl kill at Philadelphia. In 1797 he published his experiments in agriculture and im provements in American husbandry ; was President of the Philadelphia Agricultural Society, and enriched its memoirs with many valuable communications. He died in 1824. Petrie, George. — He was bom in New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. 296 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Petriken, David. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1337 to 1841. Died January 3, 1849. Pettigrew, Ebenezer. — Ho was a Rep resentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1835 to 1837, and was a member of the Committee on Expenses iu the Navy Department. Pettis, Spencer. — He was bom in Vir ginia, and educated a lawyer, and, on taking up his residence in Missouri, was elected a Representative in Congress, where he served from 1829 to 1 831. Died August 26, 1831, aged twenty-nine years, having fallen in a duel with Major Thomas Biddle at St. Louis. Pettit, Charles.— He was a 'Delegate to the Continental Congress from Philadel phia from 1785 to 1787. Pettit, John. — Born at Sackett's Har bor, Jefferson County, New York, July 24, 1807 ; he received a good education, and studied law, and removed to Lafayette, Indiana, in 1831, where he has since re sided. He was a member of the State Legislature, United States District Attor ney, and served in the House of Repre sentatives in Congress from 1843 to 1847, and in the United States Senate from 1853 to 1855. In 1850 he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention, and has twice held the office of Circuit Judge ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and in 1859 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Chief Justice of the Federal Courts of Kan sas. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Pettit, John TJ. — He was bom in New- York ; graduated at Union College in 1839 ; studied law-, and commenced the practice of his profession in Wabash, Indiana, in 1841. He went as United States Consul to Maranham, Brazil, in 1850; and on his return, in 1853, was appointed Judge of the Upper Wabash Circuit Court of Indi ana; and was elected to Congress, as a Representative of that State, in 1854 ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress. He was a member of the Joint Committee on the Library. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Library Committee. Peyton, Bailie.— He was born in Sum ner County, Tennessee ; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law ; he was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837 ; he was appointed, by President Fillmore, in 1849', Minister to Chili ; was subsequently elected United States District Attorney for Louis iana ; was for a time settled at San Fran cisco, California, in the practice of his profession, but returned to his native State. In 1861 he was a Presidential Elector for the State of Tennessee. Peyton, Joseph H. — Born in Sumner County, Tennessee, in 1813 ; was frequently elected to the Senate of Tennessee ; held many other local positions of high charac ter ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. He received a medical education, but abandoned that profession for politics. Died in Sumner, Tennessee, November 12, 1845, having been re-elected to Congress. Peyton, Samuel O. — Born in Bullitt County, Kentucky, in 1804 ; received a good common school education ; settled in Hartford and devoted two years to the duties of a clerk ; studied medicine, and graduated at Transylvania University in 1827 ; in 1835 he ivas elected to the State Legislature ; was a Representative in Con gress, from Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849 ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving during his last term as a member of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Phelps, Charles E. — He was born in Guilford, Vermont, May 1, 1833 ; removed with his parents to Pennsylvania in 1338, and to Maryland in 1841 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1853; studied law, and came to the Maryland bar in 1855 ; admitted to practice in the United States Supreme Court in 1859. In I860 he was a member of the City Council of Baltimore. In 1861 he was commissioned a Major of the Maryland Guard, which post he re signed. In 1862 he was made Lieutenant Colonel of the Seventh Maryland Volun teers, and honorably discharged on account of wounds in 1864, and was soon after wards elected a Representative from Mary land to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and on Naval Affairs. He was subsequently com missioned Brevet Brigadier General for gal lant conduct at the Battle of Spottsylvania. Phelps, Elisha. — He w-as a native of Simsbury, Connecticut ; born in Novem ber, 1779; graduated at Yale College in 1800, and studied law at Litchfield. He was several times a member of the House of Representatives and of the Senate of his BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 297 native State. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives in the Legislature in 1821 and 1829; was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1819 to 1821, and also from 1325 to 1829; was Comptroller of the State from 1830 to 1834, and in 1835 was appointed one of the Com missioners to revise the statutes of Con necticut. He died at Simsbury, in April, 1847. Phelps, John Smith. — He was born in Simsbury, Hartford County, Connecticut, December22, 1814; was educated at Wash ington (now Trinity) College, Hartford, Connecticut, and studied law in the office of his father, Elisha Phelps. He practiced law a short time in his native State, and in 1837 emigrated to Missouri, and settled at Springfield, Greene County, near which town he now resides. In 1840 he was chosen by the people of Greene County to repre sent them in the Legislature ; and having been appointed Brigade Inspector of militia in 1841, he has since borne the title of Major. In 1844 he was elected Represen tative to the Twenty-ninth Congress, serv ing in that position until the close of the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was a member of the Select Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He was also re elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. He served as a Colonel of volunteers in 1861, and in 1862 was appointed by Presi dent Lincoln Military Governor of Arkan sas. He was during the Thirty-fifth Con gress Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means, and generally served on import ant committees. Phelps, Launcelot. — He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. Phelps, Oliver. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1803 to 1805, and a member of the Assem bly of that State, from Ontario County, in 1834. Phelps, Samuel S. — He was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, May 13, 1793, and died March 25, 1855, in Middlebury, Ver mont. He graduated at Yale College in 1811, and while studying law, in 1812, he entered the American army, and before the close of his military career was appointed Paymaster. He settled in Middlebury, and practiced law. In 1827 he was member of the Council of Censors, and wrote the address issued by that body. In 1831 he was chosen a member of the Legislative Couucil of Vermont, and was soon after wards appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, in which position he remained until 1838. He was a Senator in Congress from 1839 to 1851 , in which body he displayed abilities of a high order. In January, 1853, he was appointed to the Senate in the place of William Upham, deceased, and served until October, 1854. Phelps, Timothy G. — He was born in New York, and, removing to California, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Phelps, William W. — He was born in Oakland County, Michigan, June 1 , 1826 ; he graduated at the University of Michigan in 1846 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1848 ; and edited a Democratic newspaper, in Oakland County, from 1851 to 1855. In 1852 and 1853 he held the office of Commissioner for his native county, performing the duties of Judge at Cham bers; in 1854 was appointed, by President Pierce, Register of the United States Land Office at Red Wing, in Minnesota ; and in 1857 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that State, and was a member of the Committee on Mileage. In I860 he assumed the editor ship of the Red Wing Sentinel. Phillips, Henry M. — He was born in Pennsylvania; elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, and was a member of the Committee on Finance. Phillips, John. — He was bom in Chester County, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 1823. Phillips, Philip. — He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, December 13, 1807, and was educated at the Norwich Military Academy, in Vermont, and at Middletown, Connecticut. In 1825 he commenced the study of law iu Charleston, and on the day after attaining his ma jority was admitted to the bar. He entered public life by becoming a member of the Nullification Convention in 1832, and voted with the minority; in 1834 he was elected, for two years, to the State Legis lature ; in 1835 he resigned ; removed to Mobile, Alabama, and practiced his pro fession with success ; in 1837 was elected President of the Alabama Democratic State Convention; in 1844 was elected to the Legislature, and wa3 Chairman of the Committee on Federal Relations ; in 1849 298 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. was President of an Internal Improvement Convention ; in 1851 was again elected to the Legislature; in 1852 went to the Balti more Convention ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Alabama, from 1853 to 1855, and declined a re-election. Since that time he has practiced his profes sion in Washington City. Phillips, Stephen Clarendon. — He was born in Salem, Massachusetts, No vember 1, 1801 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1819, with high honors ; began to study law, but soon became a merchant. From 1824 to 1829, by annual re-elections, he was chosen a Representative to the State Legislature from Salem; from 1830 to 1331 he was State Senator, and in 1832 and 1833 was again a member of the House. From 1834 to 1838 he worthily represented Massachusetts in Congress. From De cember, 1838, to March, 1842, hewas Mayor of Salem, and upon his voluntary retire ment devoted the whole of his salary as Mayor to the public schools of the city. In 1840 he was one of the Presidential Electors for Massachusetts, and in 1848 and 1849 was the Free-soil candidate for Governor. He held various State and private trusts, in the discharge of which, by his ability, sagacity, experience, and integrity, he rendered signal service. He was for many years a member of the State Board of Education, and a Trustee of the State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester. He retired from public life in 1849, and was extensively engaged in the lumbering business. He was lost by the burning of the steamer Montreal, on the St. Lawrence River, June 26, 1857, while returning from Quebec, whither he had been on business to Three Rivers, the headquarters of his operations in Canada. Philson, Robert.— He was born in Donegal, Ireland, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1819 to 1821. Phoenix, J. Phillips.— He was born in Morristown, New Jersey; was for many years a leading merchant in New Y'ork City ; served several years in the Councils of the city ; was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1843 to 1845 ; a member of the State Assembly in 1848, from New York City; and again in Con gress, from 1849 to 1851, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Commerce. In 1841 he was also a Presidential Elector. Died suddenly in New Y'ork, May 4, 1859, at an advanced age. Pickens, Andrew. — He was born at Paxton, Pennsylvania, September 19, 1739, and removed with his father, in 1752, to the Waxsaw Settlement, in South Caro lina ; he served as a volunteer in Grant's expedition against the Cherokees, and was an active military partisan during the Rev olution. He was a member of the State Legislature, from the close of the war until 1793, when he was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from 1793 to 1795. In 1795 he was commissioned Major General of the South Carolina Militia, and was frequently a Commissioner to treat with the Indians. It was his son and not himself who was Governor of the State, from 1816 to 1817. He died in Pendleton District, South Carolina, August 17, 1817. Pickens, Francis W. — He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1845. In 1858 he was appointed by Pres ident Buchanan Minister to Russia; and in December, 1860, was elected Governor of South Carolina. Pickens, Israel. — Born in Cabarrus County, North Carolina ; served one year in the State Legislature ; was a Representa tive, from that State, in Congress, from 1811 to 1817, in which year he was ap pointed Register of the Land Office of Mississippi Territory ; on removing to Alabama, he was elected Governor of that State, in 1821, and in 1826 was a Senator in Congress, from Alabama. Pickering, Timothy. — Was born in Salem, Massachusetts, July 17, 1745 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1763, and after the usual course of professional studies, was admitted to the practice of law. When the dissensions between the mother country aud our own commenced, he soon became the champion and leader of the Whigs of the quarter where he lived. He was a member of the Committees of Inspection and Correspondence, and bore the entire burden of writing. The address which, in 1774, the inhabitants of Salem, in full town meeting, voted to Governor Gage, on the occasion of the Boston Port Bill, proceeded from his pen. A part of it, dis claiming any wish en the part of the in habitants of Salem to profit by the closing of the port of Boston, is quoted by Dr. Ramsay, in his History of the American Revolution. In April, 1775, on receiving intelligence of the battle of Lexington, he marched with the regiment of which he was at the time commander, to Charles- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 299 town, but had not an opportunity of coming to action Before the close of the same year, when the provisional government was organizing, he was appointed one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas for Essex, his native county ; and sole Judge of the Maritime Court (which had cognizance of all prize causes) for the Middle District, comprehending Boston, with Salem and the other ports in Essex. These offices he held until he accepted an appointment in the army. In 1777 he was named Adjutant General, by Washington, and joined the army, then at Middlebrook, New Jersey. He continued with the Com mander-in-chief until the American forces went into winter quarters at Valley Forge, having been present at the battles of Brandy- wine and Germantown. He then pro ceeded to discharge the duties of a member of the Continental Board of War, to which he had been elected by Congress, then sitting at York, Pennsylvania. In this' station he remained until hewas ap pointed to succeed General Greene in the office of Quartermaster General, which he retained during the residue of the war, and in which he contributed much to the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. From 1790 to 1794 he was charged, by President Washington, with several nego tiations with the Indian nations on our fron tiers. In 1791 he was also made Post master General; and in 1794 removed from that station to the Secretaryship of War, on the resignation of General Knox. In 1795 he was appointed Secretary of State in the place of Mr. Randolph. From that office he was removed, by President Adams, in 1800. At the end of the year 1801 he returned to Massachusetts. In 1803 the Legislature of that State chose him a Senator to Congress, for the residue of the term of Dwight Foster, who had re signed ; and in 1805 re-elected him to the same station for the term of six years. Af ter its expiration, in 1811, hewas chosen, by the Legislature, a member of the Exec utive Council, and during the war of 1812 he was appointed a member of the Board of War for the defence of the State. In 1814 he was returned to Congress, and held his seat until March, 1817. He then finally retired to private life. His death took place January 29, 1829. In his man ners, Colonel Pickering was plain and un assuming. In public life he was distin guished for energy, ability, and disinter estedness; as a soldier he was brave and patriotic ; and his writings bear ample tes timony to his talents and information. He was one of the leaders of the Federal party of the United States. Pickman, Benjamin. — He was born in 1763; graduated at Cambridge in 1784; visited Europe, and on his return studied law-, and, though admitted to the bar, abandoned that profession, devoting him self to mercantile pursuits. In 1800 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected a number of years to the State Senate ; in 1807 he became a member of the Executive Council ; was a Representa tive in Congress, from 1809 to 1811 ; and in 1820 was a member of the Convention for revising the State Constitution. He also held many other offices of trust and honor, and died at Salem, Massachusetts, in August, 1843. Pierce, Franklin. — Was born in the town of Hillsborough, New Hampshire, in 1804, and, after completing his academical studies, entered Bowdoin College, Maine. On leaving college he commenced his legal studies at Northampton, Massachusetts, but subsequently returned to his native State, and finished his studies at Amherst. He was admitted to the bar, and com menced the practice of his profession in his native town; but before the end of two years he was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and during his second year's service was chosen Speaker of the House. In 1833 he was elected to Congress, and remained «¦ member of the House of Representatives four years. In 1837 he was elected a member of the United States Senate, but, after five years' service in that body, resigned his seat. He settled in Concord, and resumed his practice at the bar. He adhered to his resolution of accepting no political office, declining to be a candidate for Governor of the State, or United States Senator, and refusing the offices of Attorney General and Secretary of War, which were tendered him by Pres ident Polk. On the breaking out of the Mexican war, however, he enrolled himself as a private soldier in the New England Regiment, but President Polk sent him a Colonel's commission, and subsequently raised him to the rank of Brigadier General in March, 1847. He was in most of the battles which were fought between Vera Cruz and the City of Mexico. On the res toration of peace between the two countries, he resigned his commission and returned home, where he remained, comparatively unobserved, until the action of the Balti more Democratic Convention gave him a new importance throughout the Union. He was nominated by that body as the Demo cratic candidate for the Presidency. He was elected President of the United Slates in November, 1852; was inaugurated March 300 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 4, 1853, and served to the end of his term, after which he retired to private life The best biography of him was written by his personal friend, Nathaniel Hawthorne. Pierce, Joseph. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Hampshire, during the years 1801 and 1802. Pierce, William. — He served in the Revolutionary war as an Aide-de-Camp to General Greene, and for his services a sword was presented to him by the old Congress ; he was a Delegate, from Georgia, to the Continental Congress, and a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Con stitution. While in Congress he wrote his impressions of the men who served in that body, which were long afterwards pub lished in a Savannah paper, copies of which are to be found in the library of Peter Force, of Washington. Pierson, Isaac. — He w-as born August 15, 1770, and died September 22, 1833, in New Jersey. He was educated at Prince ton College, graduating in 17S9, and was subsequently a Fellow of the College of Surgeons and Physicians of New York. He practiced medicine for forty years ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1627 to 1831. Pierson, Jeremiah H. — He was born in Essex Couuty, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1623. Pierson, Job. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1831 to 1835. Pike, Frederick A. — Born in Calais, Maine, where he has always resided; was for several years a member of the Maine Legislature, serving one term as Speaker of the House of Representatives. He adopted the profession of law, and was for several years attorney for the county in which he lived. He was elected a Representative, from Maine, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Expenditures iu the State De partment, and a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Re-elected Lo the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on his old Com mittees, and as Chairman of the Committee on Expenses in the State Department. He was also a member of the National Com mittee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Pike, James. — He was bom in Salis bury, Massachusetts, in November, 1818; was educated at the Wesleyan University, in Connecticut; was a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church from 1841 to 1854 ; and was elected a Representative, from New Hampshire, in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Enrolled Bills. Pilsbury, Timothy. — He w-as born in Newbury, Massachusetts, April 12, 1789 ; received a common school education ; spent two years as a clerk in a store, and several subsequent years as a sailor and coasting trader, making one trip to Europe as cap tain of a brig ; settled iu Maine, and was appointed a member of the Executive Coun cil ; also served in the State Legislature ; w-ent from Maine to Ohio, thence to Louis iana, and finally to Texas ; he served a number of years in the Senate and House of Representatives of Texas; and when that Republic came into the Union he was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1846 to 1849. He died near Danville, Texas, No vember 23, 1856. Pinckney, Charles. — Born in Charles ton, South Carolina, in 1758 ; was a patriot in the Revolutionary struggle; was taken prisoner, and sent to St. Augustine, Florida ; served in the Provincial Legislature ; was a member of the Provincial Congress in 1765 ; received the degree of LL.D. from Princeton College in 1787 ; and in 1787 was a Delegate to the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, and signed that instrument. He was President of the State Convention which ratified the Federal Constitution ; and Governor of South Carolina, from 1789 to 1792, and from 1796 to 1798. He was a Senator'in Congress, from 1798 to 1801, and was appointed, in 1802, Minister to Spain, by President Jefferson, holding that position till 1805. He was subsequently a Representative in Congress, from 1819 to 1821 ; served in the State Legislature in 1810 and 1812; and died October 29, 1824. Pinckney, H. L. — He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. He was the founder of the Charleston Mer cury, and died in Charleston, February 3, 1863. Pinckney, Thomas. — He was a soldier of the American Revolution ; was elected Governor of South Carolina in 1787; was appointed Minister to Great Britain by Washington; and was a Representative in BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 301 Congress, from 1799 to 1801. He died in 1828. Pindall, James. — He was born in Vir ginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1817 to 1820, when he resigned. Pinkney, William. — Born in Anna polis, Maryland, March 17, 1764. Having prepared himself for the bar, under the in struction of Judge Chase, he was admitted to practice in 1766, and immediately gave promise of high distinction. He was a member of the Convention which ratified the Federal Constitution, and from .1789 to 1792 was a Representative in Congress ; and then a member of the Executive Coun cil, and made its President. In 1795 he was a member of the State Legislature. In 1796 he was a Commissioner under Jay's Treaty, in conjunction with Mr. Gore, and remained in London eight years. Ho recovered for Maryland a claim on the Bank of England for $800,000. In 1S06 he was Envoy Extraordinary to England, and in 1808, on the return of Mr. Monroe, was made Minister Plenipotentiary. He returned to the United States, and settled in Baltimore in 1811, and was soon after a member of the State Senate. In Decem ber, 1811, he was appointed Attorney Genera], and remained in that position until 1814. He commanded a battalion of riflemen, and was wounded at Bladensburg, in August, 1814. He was a Representa tive in Congress from 1815 to 1816, and then made Minister to Russia and Envoy to Naples. On his return, in 1819, he was elected a member of the United States Senate, and continued in that station until his death, February 25, 1822. He pos sessed splendid talents, and was one of the most accomplished orators and statesmen of his time. Piper, William. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 to 1819. Pitcher, Nathaniel. — He was born at Litchfield, Connecticut ; and was a mem ber of the New Y'ork Legislature in 1806, 1815, 1816, and 1817 ; a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1821 ; at one time Lieutenant Governor and Act ing Governor of the State ; at another, Commissioner to survey the State roads ; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1819 to 1823, and again from 1831 to 1833. Pitkin, Timothy. — Born in Farming- ton, Connecticut, in 1765, and graduated at Y'ale College in 1785. He was for seve ral years a member of the State Legisla ture, and Speaker of the House during five sessions ; and a Representative in Congress from 1805 to 1819. In 1816 he published "A Statistical View of the Com merce of the United States," and in 1828 his "Political and Civil History of the United States from 1763 to the close of Washington's Administration." Ho died in New Haven, December 18, 1847. Pitman, Charles W. — He was born in New Jersey ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1849 to 1851. Plant, David. — Was a native of Strat ford, Connecticut, and graduated at Yale College in 1804. In 1819 and 1820 he was Speaker of the House of Representatives ; in 1821 a member of the State Senate, and was twice re-elected. From 1823 to 1827 he was Lieutenant Governor of the State ; and from 1827 to 1829 a Representative in Congress. He died October 18, 1851. Plants, Tobias A. — He was born in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1811; was self-educated; taught school for several years ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1841 ; practiced the profession in Ohio ; was a member of the Ohio Legis lature from 1858 to 1861 ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures, on Mileage, and Debts of the Loyal States. Plater, George. — He was a Delegate, from Maryland, to the Continental Con gress, from 1778 to 1781 ; and was Gover nor of Maryland for a part of the year 1792. Plater, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1801 to 1305. Piatt, Jonas. — Judge of the Supreme Court of New Y'ork ; was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1799 to 1801 ; and died in Peru, Clinton County, New Y'ork, in 1834. Piatt, Zephaniah. — He was a Dele gate, from New York, to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1786. Pleasants, James. — Born in Virginia, in 1769, and died in Goochland County, November 9, 1836. He was a Representa tive in Congress from 1811 to 1819 ; United 302 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. States Senator from 1819 to 1822 ; Gover nor of Virginia from 1822 to 1825 ; and a member of the Convention of 1829-30 for amending the State Constitution. He was twice appointed to the bench, but declined, from a distrust of his own qualifications. He was a man of rare modesty, greatly- respected and esteemed for public and pri vate virtues. Plumsr, Arnold. — He was born in Pennsylvania ; and was a Representative in Congress, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1643. He w-as subsequently appointed United States Marshal for the Western District of Pennsylvania. Plumer, George. — He was born in Alleghany County, Pennsylvania; and w-as a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 1827. Plumer, "William. — He was born at Newburyport, Massachusetts, June 25, 1759 ; received a good education ; studied law, and v;as admitted to the bar in 1787 ; was for many years Solicitor for the Coun ty of Rockingham ; he was for eight years a member of the State Legislature, and two years Speaker of the House ; served as a member and President of the State Senate. He was also Governor of New Hampshire in 1813, and from 1816 to 1819; and was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1802 to 1807. He died at Epping, New Hampshire, December 22, io5u. Plumer, William. — Born in Epping, New- Hampshire, in 1790, and died Sep tember 18, 1654. He graduated at Cam bridge in 1809 ; studied law, but never practiced his profession. He frequently served in the State Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1S19 to 1825 ; his father, whose name he bore, having been a United States Senator in 1802, from the same State. He was also a member of the Con vention to form a new State Constitution in 1850 ; and a Presidential Elector in 1821. Plummsr, Franklin E.— He was at one time a J udge of the Circuit Court of Mississippi; and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1831 to 1633, and again from 1833 to 1335. He died at Jackson, Mississippi, September 24, 1852. Poindexter, George. — He was the second Governor of Mississippi, under the State Constitution, from 1819 to 18.11; was a Delegate to Congress, from the Ter ritory, from 1807 to 1813, when hewas appointed Federal Judge of the Territory ; he was a Representative in Congress, from 1817 to 1819, and United States Senator, from Mississippi, from 1830 to 1835, serving for a time as President pro tern, of the Senate. He died in Jackson, Mississippi, September 5, 1853. Poinsett, Joel R. — He was born in Statesburg, South Carolina, in 1779 ; spent the most of his youth in travelling in foreign countries ; was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1821 to 1825 ; was appointed, by President John Quincy Adams, United States Minis ter to Mexico ; he was Secretary of War under President Van Buren ; and from 1840 until his death he lived in retirement. He was a man of letters, and among other things wrote an interesting book on Mexi co. He died in Statesburg, South Caro lina, December 14, 1851. Poland, Luke P. — He was born in Westford, Chittenden County, Vermont, November 1, 1815; received a good com mon school and academic education ; com menced the study of law when eighteen years of age, and was admitted to the bar in 1836 ; was Register of Probate for Lamoille County in 1839 and 1840 ; was a member of the State Constitutional Con vention in 1843 ; Prosecuting Attorney for Lamoille County in 1844 and 1845 ; and in 1648 he was elected by the Legislature one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Vermont, which he continued to hold by annual elections until November, 1865, when he was appointed to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate caused by the death of Jacob Collamer, whose term would have expired in 1867. Just before his appointment to the Senate he had been re-elected to the Supreme Bench, upon which he held the position of Chief Justice, to which he was promoted in 1 860. The Committees upon which he served in the Senate were those on the Judiciary and Patents and the Patent Office. Polk, James Knox. — Born in Meck lenburg County, North Carolina, Novem ber 2, 1795 ; removed with his father, in 1806, to Tennessee, and lived iu the val ley of Duck River, a branch of the Cum berland. He graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1815; studied law in Tennessee with Felix Grundy, and was admitted to the bar in 1820 ; he was a member of the House of Representatives iu Congress from 1325 to 1339, and Speaker BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 303 in that body from 1835 to 1837 ; and was elected Governor of Tennessee, in 1839, for two years. In December, 1844, the Electors chose him President of the United States ; and during his eventful adminis tration the Oregon question was settled, Texas annexed, war with Mexico declared, and New Mexico and California were ac quired. He died at Nashville, Tennessee, June 15, 1849. Polk, Trusten. — He was born in Sus sex County, Delaware, May 29, 1811; graduated at Y'ale College in 1831 ; studied law at the Yale Law School; and in 1835 he emigrated to Missouri, where he com menced the practice of his profession. In 1845, while absent from Missouri for the benefit of his health, he was elected a member of the Convention called to re model the State Constitution ; in 1848 he was a Presidential Elector; in 1856 he was elected Governor of Missouri, and in augurated January, 1857, but soon re signed for a seat in the United States Senate, to which he was elected for the term of six years, from March 4, 1857. He was a member of the Committees on Foreign Affairs and on Claims. Expelled for disloyalty January 10, 1862. Polk, William H. — He was born in Maury County, Tennessee, May 24, 1815 ; educated at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and the University of Tennessee ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839 ; in 1841 and 1843 he was elected to the State Legislature ; was appointed, by President Tyler, Charge d'Affaires to Naples, where he negotiated a treaty with the Two Sicilies ; served as a Major of Dragoons in the Mexican war ; was a Delegate to the Nashville Convention in 1850 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1851 to 1853. He was a brother of President Polk, and op posed to the Great Rebellion. Died at Nashville, December 16, 1862. Pollock, James. — He was born in Pennsylvania; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1831 ; was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1843 to 1849 ; and Governor of the same from 1855 to 1858. Was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Pomeroy, Samuel C. — Was born in Southampton, Massachusetts, January 3, 1816; spent his boyhood on his father's farm. After an academic education, he entered Amherst College in 1836; spent four years in New York ; returned to his native town, and held various local offices ; and was elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts, in 1852. In 1854 he was engaged in organizing the New Eng land Emigrant Aid Society, and became its financial agent ; removed to Kansas in the same year, and participated in its affairs ; was a member of the Territorial Defence Committee, a Delegate to the Pittsburg and Philadelphia Conventions of 1856, and also to that of Chicago in 1860. During the famine in Kansas he was Chairman of the Relief Committee; and in 1861 he took his seat in the United States Senate, from Kansas, for six years, serving on the Committees on Pensions, Claims, Territories, Manufactures, and as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands. Pomeroy, Theodore M. — Born in Cayuga, New York, December 31, 1824; graduated at Hamilton College ; adopted the profession of law ; was District Attor ney for Cayuga County from 1 850 to 1 856 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1857 ; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department, and as a member of the Committee ou Foreign Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees ou Banking and Currency and Unfinished Business. Pond, Benjamin. — He served four years in the Assembly of New York, from Essex County, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1813. He was re-elected, but died June, 1815. Pope, John. — He was born in Prince William County, Virginia, in 1770. Hav ing lost one arm by accident, he determined to study law, and attained eminence at the bar ; he removed to Kentucky, and served a number of years in the Legislature ; was a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; was a Sena tor in Congress, from that State, from 1807 to 1813, officiating for a time as President pro tern, of that body ; and a Representa tive in Congress from 1837 to 1843. In 1829 he was appointed Governor of the Territory of Arkansas, and died in Ken tucky, July 12, 1845. Pope, Nathaniel. — He was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Illinois, 304 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. from 1816 to 1818, in which year hewas appointed Register of the Land Office in Edwardsville, Illinois, and was appointed in 1819 Federal Judge of the Illinois Dis trict. Pope, Patrick H. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1833 to 1835, and died at Louisville, Kentucky, in May, 18-11. Porter, Albert G. — Born in Lawrenee burg, Indiana, April 20, 1824 ; graduated at the Asbury University in 1843 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845, settling at Indianapolis; in 1853 he was appointed Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Indiana, publishing five volumes ; served two terms as City Attor ney of Indianapolis ; was twice elected a member of the City Council; and m 1858 he was elected a Representative from Indi ana to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary and on Manufactures. Porter, Alexander. — Born in Ireland in 1786; and his father having fallen a victim there during the disturbances of 1798, he emigrated to America, and settled at Nashville, Tennessee, as a clergyman. He engaged in commerce, but afterwards studied law, and removed to Louisiana about the year 1809, where he soon ac quired distinction. He assisted in forming the Constitution of the State, and became a Judge of the Supreme Court of Louisi ana, serving fifteen years ; and was a Sena tor in Congress from 1833 to 1837. He died at Attakapas, Louisiana, January 13, 1844. He was re-elected to the Senate, but died before taking his seat. Porter, Augustus S. — Born in Canan daigua, New York, January 16, 1798; graduated at Union College in 1818; studied law as a profession, and practiced for twenty years in Detroit, Michigan, of which city he was chosen Mayor in 1838. He was a Senator in Congress, from Michi gan, from 1840 to 1645; and in 1848 he removed to Niagara Falls, the residence of his father, where he has since lived in re tirement. Porter, Gilchrist. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Missouri, from 1651 to 1857. Porter, James. — He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1814 and 1815, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1819: Porter, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1806 to 1811, having first been elected to fill the unexpired term of Michael Lieb, resigned. Porter, Peter B. — He was born in 1773 ; a native of Salisbury, Connecticut; and graduated at Y'ale College in 1791. He completed his law studies at Litchfield, and emigrated to Western New York. He was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1813, and from 1815 to 1816. As Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, he reported the resolu tions authorizing immediate and active preparations for war; and in 1816 was ap pointed Commissioner under the Treaty of Ghent. In 1813 he was made Major Gen eral and chief in command of the State troops, and in 1815 he received from Presi dent Madison the appointment of Com mander-in-chief of the United States Army, which he declined. Soon after the war he was chosen Secretary of the State of New York. In 1828 he was appointed Secretary of War by President Adams. Ho died at Niagara Falls, March 20, 1844, universally respected. Porter, Timothy H. — He was born in New- Haven, Connecticut ; served five years in the Assembly of New York, and also five years in the State Senate; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827. Posey, Thomas. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1812 to 1813, by appointment of the Governor, but was superseded by J. Brown by the Legis lature. He died March 19, 1818. Post, Jotham, Jr.— Born in New York ; a graduate of Columbia College ; and a member of the New Y'ork Assembly for four years from the city of New Y'ork, and a Representative in Congress, from 1813 to 1815, from his native State. Poston, Charles D. — He was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, April 20, 1825 ; removed to California iu 1850; was em ployed in the Custom-house at San Fran cisco for four years; and in 1854 he went to Arizona as the pioneer of silver mining enterprises in that Territory. Upon the organization of a Territorial government for Arizona, he was appointed Superin tendent of Indian Affairs for the Territory ; BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 305 and at the first election held he was elected a Delegate from Arizona to the Thirty- eighth Congress, taking his seat at the second session. Potter, Elisha R. — Born in Little Rest, now Kingston, Rhode Island, in 1764 ; in 1798 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Rhode Island for the unex pired term of B. Bourne, resigned; re elected to the Fifth Congress, in place of Bourne, who declined, but resigned him self in 1797 ; and he was again a Repre sentative from 1809 to 1815, serving on im portant committees. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1793, and by semi annual elections under the old charter sys tem continued to serve until his death, excepting when in Congress. He was a man of superior talents, and for forty years filled a large space in the political affairs of Rhode Island. Died in Kingston, Rhode Island, September 26, 1635. Potter, Elisha R., Jr. — Son of the pre ceding, and was born in Kingston, Rhode Island, in 1811 ; graduated at Harvar" University in 1830 ; was for several years a member of the State Legislature ; was Adjutant General of the State in 1835 and 1836; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845; and Commissioner of Public Schools from May, 1849, to Octo ber, 1854, . when he resigned, after which he devoted himself to the practice of law. Potter, Emery D. — He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1849 to 1651. Potter, John P. — Born in Augusta, Maine, May 11, 1317; educated at Phillips's Academy, New Hampshire; is a lawyer by profession ; was a member of the Legis lature of Wisconsin in 1856, and Judge of Walworth County from 1842 to 1846, and elected a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Revoiutionary Pensions. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolution ary Pensions. Elected also to the Thirty- seventh Congress, and made Chairman of a Special Committee on Government Em ployes, and also of that on Public Lands. He was a Delegate also to the Peace Con gress of 1861. He was appointed Gov ernor of Nevada Territory by President Lincoln, but declined, and wa3 subse quently appointed Consul G eneral of British North America. 20 Potter, Robert. — Born in Granville County, North Carolina. He entered the navy as a midshipman, but resigned this position, and studied law. He entered the State Legislature in 1826, and was in Con gress from 1829 to 1831. He was a second time in the Legislature, but owing to an outrage that he committed upon the per sons of two men, of whom he was jealous, he lost all political influence, and, remov ing to Texas, was killed in a private brawl. Potter, Samuel J. — Born in Rhode Is land, and was at one time Deputy Gov ernor; he was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island during the years 1803 and 1804, having died October 29 of the latter year, aged fifty-four years. In 1793 and 1797 he was a Presidential Elector. Potter, William W. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1837 to 1839, and died at Belle fonte, in that State, October 23, 1839. Pottle, Emory B. — He was born in Naples, New York ; is a lawyer by profes sion ; was once in the Legislature of New York ; and was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that State, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Potts,' David, Jr. — He was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1793, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1831 to 1839. Died in 1863. Potts, Richard. — He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1781 and 1782; Governor of Maryland during the years 1781 and 1782 ; and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1792 to 1796, when . he resigned.. He received from Princeton College, in 1805, the degree of LL.D. Powell, Alfred H— He was born in Loudon County, Virginia; graduated at Princeton College; studied law in Alex andria, Virginia; settled in Winchester, Virginia, in 1800; servedinthe State Legis lature, and one or two State Conventions ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1825 to 1827. He died at Winchester, while arguing a case in court in 1831, aged fifty years. Powell, Cuthbert. — He was at one time Mayor of Alexandria, in Virginia, and, on his removal to Loudon County, 306 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. was elected to the Legislature ; was sub sequently a Representative in Congress from 1841 to 1843. He died at LangoUen, Virginia, May 8, 1849. Powell, Lazarus W. — Born in Hen derson County, Kentucky, October 6, 1812 ; graduated at St. Joseph's College, Bards town, in 1833 ; studied law at the Transyl vania University, and came to the bar in 1835, following his profession and carrying on a farm at the same time ; in 1 836 he was elected to the Kentucky Legislature ; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; was Gov ernor of Kentucky from 1651 to 1855 ; and he was chosen a Senator in Congress for the long term commencing in 1859, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, Pen sions, and Printing. Powell, Levin. — He was born in Lou don County, Virginia; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 1801. Powell, Paulus. — He was bom in Vir ginia, and, having been elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, in 1849, continued in that capacity to the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Expend itures in the Navy Department, and that on Post Offices and Post Roads. Powell, Samuel. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1817. Powers, Gershom. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. Poydras, Julian. — He was a Delegate in Congress, from the Territory of Lou isiana, from 1809 to 1812. Pratt, James T. — He was born in Mid dletown, Connecticut, in 1805 ; was bred a farmer, which occupation he followed ; served in the Connecticut Legislature ; aud was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1661. Pratt, Thomas G. — He was born in Washington City in 1800; was bred a lawyer ; was a Presidential Elector in 1837 ; was Governor of Maryland from 1844 to 1848 ; and was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1850 to 1857. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864 Pratt, Zadock. — Was born at Stephen- town, Rensselaer County, New York, Oc tober 30, 1790. He commenced in early life without means, but by his industry gained a large fortune. Devoting his at tention to tanning, among the Catskill mountains, he attained eminent success in that branch of the mechanic arts, and his name will ever be associated with Pratts- ville, and that vast tannery, where, pre vious to the close of it, in 1846, he had tanned more than a million sides of leather. In 1823 he was elected a Colonel of militia ; in 1830 to the State Senate; in 1836 a Presidential Elector. He was elected to Congress in 1836 and 1842, and labored successfully for the public good. His ca reer in Congress will be remembered for his efforts in behalf of the reduction of postage, his plans for the new Post Office buildings, and the Bureau of Statistics, which owes its origin to him. In 1852 he was again a Presidential Elector. He established a newspaper and a bank at Prattsville ; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1852, and to various other Democratic Conventions, and the President of many societies and institutions. Prentiss, John H.— He was born in Mas sachusetts, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New Y'ork, from 1837 to 1841. Prentiss, Samuel. — He was born in Stonington, Connecticut, March 31, 1782; removed with his father to Worcester, Mas sachusetts, and subsequently to Northfield, where he commenced the study of law. He completed his professional studies in Brattleboro', Vermont, and commenced practice at Montpelier in 1803, where he soon attained success, and became one of the foremost men of the bar. In 1824 and 1825 he represented Montpelier in the State Legislature. In 1829 he was elected Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, having several years before declined the office of Associate Justice of that Court. He was a Senator in Congress, from Ver mont, from 1831 to 1842. While Senator he did much to effect the passage of the law against duelling iu the District of Co lumbia. In 1342 he was appointed Judge of the Federal District Court in Vermont, which office he held at the time of his death. He received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Vermont. He died in Montpelier, Vermont, January 15, 1857. He left ten sons, all of whom, excepting one, were members of his own profession. Prentiss, Sergeant S. — Born in Port land, Maine, September 30, 1808, and died BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 307 at Longwood, near Natchez, Mississippi, July 1, 1850. He graduated at Bowdoin College in 1826, when, after studying law at Gorham, he removed to Mississippi, and passed two years as tutor in a private family. He studied law at Natchez, and, on removing to Vicksburg, became from the start the leader of the bar in his adopted State, acquiring by his profession a large property. He entered into polities, was elected to the State Legislature in 1835, and in 1837 was chosen a Representative in Congress for the years 1838 and 1839. From that period until the close of his life he was devoted wholly to his profession, appearing frequently in court at New Or leans ; and, as a jury orator, he was ac knowledged as having no equal in the Southwestern States. Preston, Francis. — He was a member of Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 1797, and died at Columbia, South Carolina, May 26, 1835, whither he had gone upon a visit to his son, the distinguished Wil liam C. Preston. He was in the seven tieth year of his age. Preston, Jacob A. — He was bom in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Preston, William. — He was born near Louisville, Kentucky, October 16, 1816; was liberally educated at St. Joseph's Col lege, Kentucky, in New Haven, and at Harvard University; he settled, in the practice of law, at Louisville, and remained there until the Mexican war, when he went to Mexico as Lieutenant Colonel of the Kentucky volunteers ; he served in the Convention called to frame anew the Con stitution of Kentucky; in 1850 and 1851 he was elected to the State Legislature ; he was a Presidential Elector in 1852, voting for Scott ; was ejected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-second Con gress, for the unexpired term of Humphrey Marshall, resigned; and was elected to the Thirty-third Congress ; was a member of the Cincinnati Convention which nomi nated Mr. Buchanan in 1856 ; and in 1858 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to Spain. On his return, in 1861, he took part in the Rebellion, and was a Brigadier General. Preston, William B. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849; and Secretary of the Navy, under Presi dent Taylor, iu 1849 and 1850. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the " Confederate" Congress. He died in Montgomery County, Virginia, Novem ber 16, 1862. Preston, William C— Was born De cember 27, 1794, in Philadelphia, while his father was attending Congress, at that place, as a member from Virginia. His maternal grandmother was the sister of Patrick Henry. He was educated at the University of South Carolina. In 1812 he graduated, and returned to Virginia, where he studied law in the office of William Wirt, at Richmond. In 1816 he went to Europe, and after visiting France, Eng land, and Switzerland, resided for some time in Edinburgh, where he attended the lectures of Hope, Playfair, and Brown. In 1819 he returned to the United States, and being admitted to the bar in 1821, commenced the practice of law in Virginia. In 1822 he removed to Columbia, in South Carolina, where he continued the practice of his profession with great distinction and success. In 1832 he was elected to the Senate of the United States, from South Carolina, where he assumed a high position as a debater. In 1842 he resigned his place in the Senate, and returned to the practice of his profession in South Carolina. In 1855 he became President of the Uni versity of South Carolina, which office he filled with great credit until he was forced to resign, in consequence of ill health, after which time he lived in retirement. Died at Columbia, South Carolina, May 22, 1860. Price, Hiram. — He was born in Wash ington county, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1814; is President of the State Bank of Iowa; and in 1862 he was elected Repre sentative, from Iowa, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Revolutionary Claims. Re-elect ed to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Pa cific Railroad, and as a member of the Com mittee on Revolutionary Pensions. Price, Rodman M.— Born in Sussex County, New Jersey, November 5, 1816. He attended Princeton College until his health compelled him to retire, and he de voted some attention to the study of law ; was appointed Purser in the Navy in 1840 ; is said to have been the first person to ex ercise judicial functions under the Amer ican flag on the Pacific Coast, as Alcalde ; in 1848 was made Navy Agent for the Pa cific Coast ; was a Representative in Con gress, from his native State, from 1851 to 308 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 1853 ; and subsequently elected Governor of New Jersey. He caused the establish ment, in that State, of a Normal School, and has done much to improve the militia of the State. He was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1S61. Price, Sterling. — He was born in Vir ginia ; was a Representative in Congress, from Missouri, from 1845 to 1847 ; and Governor of that State from 1853 to 1857. Was identified with the Great Rebellion of 1861 as a Major General. Price, Thomas L. — He was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Thirty-seventh Congress. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Prince, Oliver H. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Georgia, during the years 1828 and 1829, and died at sea, October 9, 1837. Prince, William. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1823 to 1824, having died in Princeton, Indiana, before the expiration of his term, September 8, 1824. Pringle, Benjamin. — Born in Richfield, Otsego County, New York, Noveniber 9, 1807; received a good English and clas sical education ; studied law, and practiced for several years, but relinquished the pro fession on being made President and finan cial officer of the Bank of Genesee, at Batavia. He held the office of Judge of the County Courts of Genesee for five years, and seiwed one year in the State Assembly; and he was elected a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- third and Thirty-fourth Congresses. He was appointed, by President Lincoln, Judge of the Court of Arbitration at Cape Town, under the Treaty with Great Britain of 1862. Promt, George H.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1839 to 1843; and in 1643 was United States Minister to Brazil. He died at Louisville, Kentucky, September 5, 1647. Pruyn, John V. L. — He was born iu Albany, New Y'ork ; was chiefly educated at private schools, and received the degree of LLD. from Rutgers College, New Jer sey ; studied law, and came to the bar in Albany in 1632; in 1835 hewas Counsel and Director of the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad, and subsequently became Trea surer of the New York Central Railroad Company ; he was also a Master in Chan cery during the Governorship of W. L. Marcy ; in 1844 was made a member of the Board of Regents ; and in 1862 Chancellor of the University of New York, and was a State Senator in 1862. At a special elec tion in 1863 he was elected a Representa tive, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Erastus Corning, serving on the Committee of Claims. Pryor, Roger A. — Born in Dinwiddie County, Virginia, July 19, 1826; grad uated at Hampton Sidney College in 1845 ; adopted the profession of law, but relin quished the practice on account of his health ; in 1851 became an editor in Pe tersburg; in 1852 connected himself with the Washington Union as a writer; in 1853 he joined the Richmond Enquirer; in 1655 he was appointed by President Pierce a Special Commissioner to Greece, to ad just certain difficulties with that country ; on his return he established a political journal called "The South," which stopped in eighteen months ; was connected for four months with the "Washington States;" and was elected a Representative, from Virginia, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. He took part in the Rebellion as a member of the " Confed erate" Congress, and also as a Brigadier General ; and in November, 1864, he was captured by Union troops and imprisoned in Fort Lafayette, but soon afterwards re leased. He subsequently settled in Ten nessee as an editor. Pugh, George Ellis.— Born in Cin cinnati, Ohio, November 28, 1822 ; grad uated at Miami University in 1840, and is a lawyer by profession. He was Captain in the Fomth Regiment of Ohio volunteers, in the Mexican war, in 1647 ; Representa tive in the Legislature in 1846 and 1849; was appointed Solicitor to the City of Cin cinnati, in 1650 ; was Attorney General of the State in 1 651 ; and elected a Senator in Congress, from March4, 1855, for six years, and was a member of the Committee on Public Lands and on the Judiciary. Pugh, James L.— Born iu Burke County, Georgia, in 1620; received an academical education ; adopted the pro fession of law-, and, removing to Alabama, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on the Library. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1856. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 309 Withdrew in February, 1861, to take part in the Rebellion of that year. Pugh, John. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805 to 1809. Purdy, Smith M. — ne was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to to 1845. Purviance, Samuel A. — Born in But ler, Pennsylvania, November 8, 1809. He was a student of Washington College, but did not graduate ; is a lawyer by profes sion, and has practiced for twenty-five years ; was a member of the Convention to amend the State Constitution, in 1836, and served in the Legislature in 1838 and 1839 ; was a member of the Electoral College in 1848 ; and a Representative, from Pennsyl vania, in the Thirty-fifth Congress. He was a member of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Purviance, Samuel D. — A member of Congress, from North Carolina, from 1803 to 1605. Puryear, Richard C. — He was born in Mecklenburg, Virginia, February 9, 1801 ; received a good English education; has spent the most of his life engaged in mer chandizing and farming. In 1838, having removed to North Carolina, he was elected to the Legislature of that State ; in 1840 to the State Senate ; in 1844, 1846, and 1852, he was again chosen to the Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1853 to 1857. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the "Confederate" Congress. Putnam, Harvey. — For many years a leading member of the Genesee County bar ; was elected several times to both branches of the New York Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1847 to 1851. He died in Attica, New York, September 21, 1855, aged sixty-two years. Quarles, James M. — Born in Louisa County, Virginia, February 8, 1823; re moved, with his father, to Kentucky, in 1833 ; received a common school educa tion ; adopted the profession of law ; on removing to Tennessee, in 1846, he became Attorney General of the Tenth District; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; and was elected a Representative, from Ten nessee, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on the Militia. Quarles, Tunstall. — He was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Con gress, from Kentucky, from 1817 to 1820, and was subsequently Receiver of Public Moneys at Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Quincy, Josiah. — Born iu Boston, Mas sachusetts, February 4, 1772. He gradu ated at Harvard in 1790, and entered on the-practice of law in Boston. In 1804 he was chosen a Representative from Boston in the Congress of the United States, and held that station eight successive years, until he declined a re-election in 1813. He was chosen State Senator, for Suffolk, from 1814 to 1821 ; Representative from Boston, and was Speaker of the House in 1820 ; was a member of the Convention of 1820 to revise the State Constitution; Judge of the Municipal Court in Boston in 1821 and 1822; and Mayor of Boston in 1823. He held the office of Mayor six successive years, until he declined a re-election, in December, 1828. In 1829 he was chosen President of Harvard University, and held that office until his resignation in 1845, and he received from that institution the degree of LL.D. in 1824. His published works are "Speeches in Congress, and Orations onVarious Occasions," "Memoir of Josiah Quincy, Jr., of Massachusetts, " "Centen nial Address on the Two Hundredth Anni versary of the Settlement of Boston," "A History of Harvard University from 1636 to 1836," "Memoir of James Grahame, Historian of the United States Army," "Memoir of Major Samuel Shaw," "His tory of the Boston Athenaeum," "A Mu nicipal History of the Town and City of Boston from 1630 to 1830," "The Life of John Quincy Adams," and "Essays on the Soiling of Cattle." Died in Boston, July 1, 1864. Quitman, John A.— He was born in Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, New York, September 1, 1779; had a liberal educa tion; studied theology, but preferred the law, and in his twentieth year was a Pro fessor of Law in Mount Airy College, Penn sylvania. In 1820 he emigrated to Ohio, and was admitted to the bar of that State, but soon afterwards removed to Natchez, Mississippi. In 1827 he was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1828 was appointed Chancellor of the State, serving three years ; in 1 835 he was elected to the State Senate , and, as President of that body, was called upon to perform the duties of Governor : iu 1836 he distinguished himself as a soldier and leader in behalf of Texas against Mexi co ; in 1839 he visited Europe on business for the Mississippi Railroad ; on his return 310 BIOGRAP HICAL RECORDS. was appointed Judge of the High Court of Errors and Appeals; he served with dis tinction in the Mexican war ; had a horse shot from under him at Monterey; com manded at Victoria ; was at Vera Cruz and Ojo DelAgua; commissioned by the President Major General in the army; he also acquitted himself with great credit at Chapultepec; was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; he was Governor of Mississippi in 1850; and in 1855 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Missis sippi, and re-elected in 1857, serving both terms at the head of the Committee on Military Affairs. By virtue of his experi ence and strict integrity he ever commanded the respect of all, and the kindness of his heart and amiable manners won for him troops of friends among all parties. He was spoken of on two occasions as the Democratic candidate for Vice President, and was the recognized leader of those favorable to the annexation of Cuba. He died at his residence, in Mississippi, July 17, 1858. Radford, William. — Was born in Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County, New York, Juno 24, 1814; received a good common school education ; settled in New Y'ork City in 1829, and was for a long time engaged in mercantile pursuits ; and in 1 662 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, sening on the Committees on Elections and the Postal Railroad to New Y'ork. Ramsay, David. — Born in Pennsyl vania, April 2, 1749 ; graduated at Prince ton College in 1765 ; and having studied medicine in Philadelphia, received a Diplo ma from the Medical College of that city in 1772. After a short sojourn in Mary land he removed to South Carolina in 1773, and settled in Charleston, where he attained eminence in his profession. He served in the Carolina Legislature during the whole Revolutionary war; also in the army as surgeon ; and published much in behalf of the American cause. He was one of the Privy Council and was banished to St. Augustine ; and he was a Delegate to Con gress from 1782 to 1784, and again from 1785 to 1786 ; and was temporary Presi dent during the sickness of Hancock. In 1785 he published the ' ' History of the Revo lution in South Carolina;" in 1790 the "History of the American Revolution;" in 1801 a "Life of Washington ;" in 1608 a "History of South Carolina;" and he also wrote a "History of the United States," and a "Universal History," which were published after his death. He died May 7, 1815, from a wound received in the street from a maniac. Ramsay, Nathaniel. — He was a Dele gate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1787. He gradu ated at Princeton College in 1767. Ramsay, Robert. — He was bom in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1633 to 1835, and again from 1841 to 1843. Ramsey, Alexander. — He was born in Dauphin county, near Harrisburg, Penn sylvania, September 8. 1S15 ; was a clerk in the office of the Register of that county in 1828; was Secretary of the Electoral College of Pennsylvania in 1840 ; in 1841 was elected Clerk of the State House ot Representatives ; was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1843 to 1847 ; and was Chairman in 1848 of the State Central Committee of Pennsylvania. In 1349 he was appointed, by President Taylor, the first Territorial Governor of Minnesota, holding the office until 1853, during which service he took part in 1849 in negotiating a treaty at Mendota for the extinction of the title of the Sioux half- breeds to the lands on Lake Pepin ; and in 1851 he negotiated another treaty with the Sioux nation, by which the government, acquired all the lands in Minnesota west of the Mississippi River, and opened that State to the large population now settled there ; and also made a treaty with the Chippew-a Indians on Red River, which he followed up with another in 1663. In 1855 he was Mayor of the city of St. Paul. and was elected Governor of the State of Minnesota in 1858, continuing in that office until 1862. In 1863 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Minnesota, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Post Offices and Post Roads, Patents and the Patent Office, Expenses in the Senate, Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Com mittee on Revolutionary Pensions, and of that also on Revolutionary Claims. He was also a member of the National Com mittee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Ramsey, William. — Born at Sterrett's Gap, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, September 7, 1779. In 1803 he was ap pointed Surveyor of his native county, an office held by his father during the Revolu- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 311 tion ; and he also held the offices of Pro- thonotary, Register, Recorder, and Clerk of the Orphans' Court; studied law, and practiced with success. In 1826 he was elected a member of Congress from Penn sylvania ; re-elected in 1828 and 1830, and died iu September, 1831, at Carlisle, Penn sylvania. Ramsey, William S. — Born in Car lisle, Pennsylvania, June 12, 1810 ; was educated at Dickinson College, but, on ac count of bad health, did not graduate; he travelled in Europe ; was an attach^ to the American Legation in London, and formed the acquaintance of Walter Scott and Gen eral Lafayette ; returning to Carlisle, he was admitted to the bar in 1832 ; elected a Representative to Congress in 1838 ; re elected in 1840, but died in Baltimore, October 17, 1840, a few weeks after his election. Randall, Alexander. — He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Randall, Benjamin. — He was born in Massachusetts in 1789 ; graduated at Bow doin College in 1809 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1 8 14, and com menced practice in Bath, Maine, where he resided forty-five years. He was a mem ber of the State Senate in 1833, and a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1839 to 1,843, and a member of the Com mittee on Invalid Pensions. He was ap pointed, by President Taylor, Collector of the Port of Bath, and died at that place, October 14, 1857. Randal], Samuel J. — Was bom in Philadelphia in 1828; educated in that city ; was brought up a merchant, and has ever been engaged in that pursuit ; served four years in the Councils of his native city ; one term in the State Senate ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Re-elected to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Banking and Currency, and Expenditures in the State Department. Randall, William H. — Was born in Kentucky ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1835; in 1836 was appointed Clerk of the Circuit and County Court of Laurel County, which position he held until 1851 ; after the adoption of the State Constitution, held the office one year by election ; and was elected a Representative, from Ken tucky, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Expenditures on the Public Buildings. Randolph, Edmund. — He was a native of Virginia ; was an eminent lawyer, and a warm supporter of the Revolution. He was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress, from Virginia, from 1779 to 1782; in 1787 was a member of the Convention which formed the Constitution of the United States, but voted against its adoption. In 1788 was Governor of Virginia. In 1789 was Attorney General of the United States, and in 1794 was Secretary of State ; but engaging in an intrigue with the French Minister, he lost the confidence of the Cabi net, and resigned in 1795. He died Sep tember 12, 1S13. Randolph, James F. — Born in Mid dlesex County, New Jersey, June 26, 1791 ; received a common school education ; served an apprenticeship to the printing business, aud became editor of the "Fredonia," a weekly newspaper, in 1812, and continued in that capacity for thirty years. He was appointed Collector of the Internal Reve nue of the United States in 1815, and field that office till the close of the war in Texas. He was subsequently Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas for his native County, and for two years a member of the State Legislature. He was a Representative in Congress from 1828 to 1833, and was after wards President of a bank in New Bruns wick, New Jersey, for ten years. Randolph, John, of Roanoke. — He was born in Chesterfield, Virginia, June 2, 1773, and claimed descent through his grandmother, from Pocahontas, the daugh ter of Powhatan, the great Indian chief. His father died in 1775, leaving three sons and a large estate ; and his mother was married in 1783 to St. George Tucker, who was his guardian during his minority. His early lite was spent at different places, under different instructors, of most of whom he said ' ' he never learned anything. " He passed a short time at Princeton College, Columbia College, and at William and Mary College ; and for a time he studied law with Edmund Randolph. He was elected a Representative in Congress in 1799, and he continued a member of the House of Representatives, with the excep tion of two intervals of two years each, until 1829 ; in that year he was a member 512 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. of the Convention to revise the Constitu tion of Virginia, and he was afterwards appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Rus sia, by President Jackson, in 1830. During one of the intervals alluded to, from 1825 to 1827, he was a Senatot of the United States. He was never married, and was possessed of a large estate on the Roanoke. He died at Philadelphia, May 24, 1833, while about to depart for Europe for the restoration of his feeble health. He was distinguished alike for his genius, his effect ive eloquence, and for many eccentricities of thought and manner. Randolph, Joseph Fitz. — Bom in 1803, in New Jersey, and obtained an ordinary school education, after which he studied law, and was licensed to practice in 1825 ; he settled at Monmouth Court house, and was appointed States Attorney for the County. He was a Representative in Congress, from 1837 to 1843, and during one term he was Chairman of the Com mittee ou Revolutionary Claims. In 1844 he was a member of the Convention which framed the State Constitution ; and in 1845 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, for seven years, after which he resumed the practice of his profession at Trenton, where he now re sides. He was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861. Randolph, Peyton.— Ho was a native of Virginia, and one of the most distin guished lawers and patriots of that State. In 1756 he was appointed King's Attorney for the colony of Virginia, and held the office for many years. In 1766 he was elected Speaker of the House of Burgesses ; in 1773 was a member of the Committee on Correspondence ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1775, and was President of that body. He died suddenly in Virginia, October 22, 1775, aged fifty-two. Randolph, Thomas M.— He was a na tive of Virginia; Governor of that State ; and a Representative in Congress, from 1S03 to 1807, and died at Mouticello, June 20, 1628. Rankin, Christopher.— He was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1819 to 1-326. Died March 14, 1826, in Washington City. Rantoul, Robert. — Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, May 13, 1805. He grad uated at Harvard University in 1826; studied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1827, and settled in practice in South Reading, and removed to Gloucester in 1832 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1834, and in 1837 a member of the Massachusetts Board of Education. In 1838 he removed to Boston, and in 1843 was appointed Collector of that port; in 1845 was appointed, by President Polk, United States District Attorney for Mas sachusetts ; in 1851 succeeded Mr. Webster in the United States Senate, but remained there only a short time ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1851 to the time of his death, which occurred at Wash ington, August 7, 1852. His writings have since been published in a large volume. Rariden, James. — He was a native of Kentucky, and was an early settler of the White Water Valley, Indiana; he was self-educated, and became eminent as a lawyer. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Indiana, from 1837 to 1841, and died at Cambridge City, in that State. Rathbun, George. — He was bom in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1343 to 1647. Raymond, Henry J. — He was born in Lima, Livingston County, New York, January 24, 1 820. As a boy he worked upon his father's farm in summer, and attended school in winter; became a teacher in a district school when sixteen years of age ; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1840 ; soon afterwards re moved to New York City, and while study ing law, taught the classics and wrote for the New Yorker ; in 1841 he became the managing editor of the New Y'ork Tribune, and did much for its reputation, and sub sequently became the leading editor of the New- York Courier and Enquirer, perform ing, at the same time, the duties of reader for the firm of Harper & Brothers. In 1649 he w-as elected to the State Assembly ; was re-elected and made Speaker, and, relinquishing his position on the Courier on account of his health, travelled in Europe. On his return, in 1851, he estab lished the New Y'ork Times, which was eminently successful; in 1852 he attended the Baltimore Convention as a reporter, but became a delegate, and took an im portant part in its proceedings ; in 1856 he became a leader in the republican party; was subsequently chosen Lieutenant Gov ernor of New York ; was a delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1860 ; was again BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 313 elected to the State Legislature, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Appropriations, on Rules, and Foreign Affairs. He visited Europe a second time, and wrote a series of war letters, which attracted much atten tion, and in 1865 he published a "Life of Abraham Lincoln," including a history of his administration, which was subsequently amplified and published as the ' ' Life, Pub lic Services, and State Papers of Abraham Lincoln." Rayner, Kenneth. — Born in Bertie County, North Carolina, in 1808 ; re- received an academical education ; and though he studied law, he did not practice. He entered public life, in 1835, as a mem ber of the House of Commons, and the same year was a member of the Conven tion to revise the State Constitution. He sen-ed again in the local Legislature in 1836 and 1838, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1839 to 1845, and a Presidential Elector in 1848. In 1846 he went for the third time into the Legisla ture. In 1866 he published the ' ' Life and Services of Andrew Johnson." Rea, John.— He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1815. » Read, Aimon H. — He was bom in Sheibume, Vermont, June 12, 1790; grad uated at Williamstown College; studied law, and, removing to Pennsylvania, was frequently elected to the State Legislature ; also to the Senate; in 1840 was appointed Treasurer of the State ; and in 1841 was elected to fill a vacancy in the National House of Representatives, and re-elected to the succeeding Congress. Died at Mont rose, Pennsylvania, June 3, 1844. He also was a member of the State Constitu tional Convention of 1836. Read, George. — Born in Cecil County, Maryland, in 1733, but, with his father, removed to New Castle County, Delaware. He was educated for the law, and was ad mitted to the bar in Philadelphia, at the age of nineteen, and practiced his profes sion in New Castle ; was made Attorney General of the three lower counties on the Delaware, in 1763, and held the office until he was chosen a Delegate to Congress, in 1775. In 1776 he was a signer of the Dec laration of Independence. He was Pres ident of the Convention which formed the first Constitution of Delaware, and also a member of the Convention which framed the Federal Constitution, aud signed that instrament ; and was elected a member of the United States Senate, .serving from 1789 to 1793. He was then appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Dela ware, in which office he remained until his death, in 1798. Read, J. — He was a Delegate from Penn sylvania, to the Continental Congress, in 1787 and 1788. Read, Jacob. — He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1783 to 1786 ; elected a Senator in Congress, from that State, for the term from 1795 to 1802, serving a short time as President pro tem. of that body, and was appointed, by President Adams, Judge of the United States District Court of South Carolina, in 1801. Read, Nathan. — Born in Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1760 ; graduated at Har vard University in 1781, and two years afterwards officiated as tutor in that insti tution. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1800 to 1803 ; and having removed to Hallowell, Maine, was for many years Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He was devoted to science, and a petitioner for a patent for an invention, before the patent laws were enacted ; and before the time of Ful ton's experiments, he had tried the effect of steam upon a boat in Wenham Pond. He died at Hallowell, January 20, 1849. Read, Thomas B. — Hewas a Senator in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1826 to 1827, and also during the session of 1829, and died suddenly on his way to Washing ton, at Lexington, Kentucky, Noveniber 26, 1829. He was in the meredian of life, and a man of talents. Reade, Edwin G. — Born in Orange County, North Carolina, November 13, 1812; lie had a liberal education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1836, in Person County, and engaged in a lucra tive practice. He was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, in 1855, serving until 1857. He was a member and Pres ident of the Reconstruction Convention, held in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1865. Ready, Charles. — Born at Readyville, Rutherford County, Tennessee, December 22, 1802. He graduated at Greenville Col lege, and received from the Nashville Uni versity the degree of Master of Arts. He 514 BIOGRAPHICAL RECO]RDS. was bred a lawyer, and has practiced his profession with success. He was a mem ber of the Tennessee Legislature in 1835, and closely identified with the organization of the Judiciary. By special commission he h as twice presided in the Supreme Court of Tennessee, and was elected a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, in 1853, to which position he has been twice re-elected, and was a member of the Com mittee on the Judiciary. Took part in the Rebellion. Reagan, John H. — Born in Sevier County, Tennessee, October 8, 1816; a lawyer by profession ; was appointed Dep uty Surveyor in the Republic of Texas, in 1840 ; and in 1843 was a Justice of the Peace and Militia Captain ; in 1846, Pro bate Judge and Colonel of Militia ; and elected a. member of the Legislature in 1847 ; was a Judge of the District Court from 1852 to 1857, when he was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Indian Affairs and Expenditures in the Post Office De partment. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; withdrew in February, 1861, and became Postmaster General of the Rebel Government. He was subsequently confined as a Prisoner of State in Fort Warren, and released by order of President Johnson. , Reding, John R. — He was born in New Hampshire, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1845. From 1853 to 1858 he held the office of Naval Storekeeper, at Ports mouth. Reed, Charles M. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Reed, Edward C. — He was a native of New Y'ork ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1812 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1831 to 1833. Reed, Isaac. — Born iu Waldoborough, Maine, in 1810 ; was a merchant by occu pation ; and a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1852 to 1653. He served six years in the State Legislature ; was State Treasurer in 1836 ; and President of the Waldoborough Bank. Reed, John. — Bom in Plymoutii Coun ty, Massachusetts ; graduated at Y'ale Col lege in 1772 ; was ordained as a minister of the Gospel in 1780, and settled at West Bridgewater, Massachusetts. He was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1795 to 1801. He died Feb ruary 17, 1831, aged eighty years. Reed, John.— He was anative of Bridge- water, Massachusetts, having been born in 1781 ; was a graduate of Brown University, in 1803 ; a lawyer by profession ; and a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1813 to 1817, and again from 1821 to 1841. He was the son of the fore going, and was Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, from 1845 to 1851. Died at Bridgewater, November 25, 1S60. Reed, Joseph. — Bom in New Jersey, August 27, 1741 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1757 ; studied law at the Temple in London ; in 1774 he was one of the Com mittee of Correspondence in Philadelphia ; w-as President of the first popular conven tion in Pennsylvania; accompanied Wash ington as an aid when he weut to Cam bridge, and remained with the General through the campaign ; in 1776 he was ap pointed Adjutant General of the army ; he was appointed a General of Cavalry, but declined the position, though he was pres ent at the battle of Germantown. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1777 to 1778, and a signer of the Art icles of Confederation; was President of Pennsylvania in the latter year, continuing in the office until 1781, when he resumed the practice of law. In 1784 he visited England for his health, but without happy results, and he died March 4, 1785. An attempt to bribe him was made by the British, but it was treated with the utmost scorn. Reed, Philip. — He was born in Kent County, Maryland, and was a Senator in Congress, from Maryland, from 1806 to 1813, and a Representative in Congress, from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1821 to 1823. He died November 2, 1829. Reed, Robert R. — He was born in Pennsylvania ; studied medicine and prac ticed the profession ; served one or two terms in the Legislature of Pennsylvania ; aud was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Died at Harrisburg, December 15, 1864. Reed, William. — He was a native of Massachusetts, an eminent merchant, and highly esteemed for his benevolent and re ligious character. He w-as a member of Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1811 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 315 to 1815; was President of the Sabbath- school Unrbn of Massachusetts, and of the American Tract Society ; Vice-President of the American Education Society ; a mem ber of the Board of Visitors of the Theolog ical Seminary at Andover, and of the Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College. Besides liberal bequests to heirs and relatives, he left $68,000 to benevolent objects, of which $17,000 were to Dartmouth College, $10,000 to Amherst College, $10,000 to the Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, $9,000 to the First Church and Society in Marblebead, $7,000 to the Second Congre gational Church of Marblebead, and $5,000 to the Library of the Theological Seminary at Andover. He died at Marblebead, Feb ruary 18, 1837, very suddenly, while at tending a Sabbath-school meeting. Reese, David A. — He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1853 to 1855. Reid, David S. — Born in Rockingham Couuty, North Carolina, April 19, 1813. He studied law, and was admitted to prac tice in 1843 ; he was elected to the State Legislature in 1835, and served continu ously until 1842. In 1843 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, serving that term ; and was re elected in 1845 for a second term ; he was, in 1850, elected Governor of North Caro lina, and re-elected in 1852, serving until 1855, when he was elected a Senator in Congress for four years. He was Chairman of the Committee bn Patents and the Patent Office, and a member of the Committee on Commerce. He was also elected a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Reid John W. — Was born in Lynch burg, Virginia, June 14, 1821 ; received a good English education ; removed to Mis souri in 1840 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1844 ; served with credit in the Mexican war in 1846, as Captain of a com pany of mounted volunteers, with Colonel Doniphan; settled in Jackson County, practicing his profession ; served two ses sions in the Missouri Legislature ; and was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Expelled from the House in December, 1861. Reid, Robert R. — He was bom in Beau fort District, South Carolina, in 1789 ; re moved early in life to Georgia; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1818 to 1823 ; was elected Mayor of Augusta, on his retirement from Congress ; was also a Judge of the Superior Court of Georgia ; was appointed, in 1832, by Pres ident Jackson, District Judge for Eastern Florida ; and was appointed, by President Van Buren, Governor of the Territory of Florida ; and was a member of the Con vention which formed a State Constitution for Florida, over which body he presided in a creditable manner. He died near Tal lahassee, July 1, 1841. Reilly, Wilson. — Born in Pennsylva nia ; followed for a time the business of a hatter ; and was elected a Representative in Congress, in 1857, from Pennsylvania, serving as a member of the Committee on Patents. Of late years he has been devoted to the practice of law. Reily, Luther. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Relfe, James H. — He was born in Vir ginia, and, having settled in Missouri, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Rencher, Abraham. — Born in Wake County, North Carolina, and in 1822 grad uated at the University of that State. He practice law for a time, but taking an in terest in politics, was elected to Congress, where he served from 1829 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1842 ; Charge d'Affaires to Portugal in 1843 ; and he was appointed, by President, Buchanan, Governor of the Territory of New Mexico. Reynolds, Gideon. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1851. Reynolds, Jamos B. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1823 to 1825. Reynolds, John. — He was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, Feb ruary 28, 1788 ; and w as a Representative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1843. Before entering Congress he was Governor of Illi nois, from 1830 to 1834. Died at Bells- ville, Illinois, May 8, 1865. Reynolds, John H. — Born in Moreau, Saratoga County, New York, June 21, 1819 ; received his education at the acade mies of Evansville, Sandy Hill, and Kin- derhook, New Y'ork, and was also at Ben- 316 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. nington, Vermont; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1843 ; in 1653 was appointed Postmaster at Albany, by Presi dent Pierce, but removed in 1354 for insub ordination as a party man ; and in 1 858 was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary. Reynolds, Joseph.— He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1637. He also served in the Assembly of that State, in 1619. Rhea, John. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1603 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1823. In 1816 he was appointed United States Commissioner to treat with the Choctaws. Rhett, Robert Barnwell — He was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, Decem ber 24, 1800 ; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law ; in 1626 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1832 he was elected Attorney General of South Carolina ; and was a Representative in Congress, from 1638 to 1847, and for a second term, ending in 1649; and was a Senator in Congress during the years 1850, 1651, and part of 1852, having resigned, contrary to the wishes of his State. He is said to have been the first man who pro posed, and advocated on the floor of Con gress, a dissolution of the Union. Of late years he has lived wholly retired from pub lic life, on an extensive plantation. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861, as a member of the Confederate Congress. Rhodes, Samuel. — He was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Con gress, from 1774 to 1775. Ricaud, James B. — Born in Baltimore, Maryland, February 11, 1808; graduated at Washington College, Maryland, and was a lawyer by profession ; was a member of the House of Delegates of Maryland, in 1634, and of the State Senate of Maryland, from 1836 to 1644, inclusive; was an Elector of President and Vice-President in 1636 and 16-14 ; and a Representative in the Thirty- fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Manufactures, and also that for Investigating the Accounts of a late Clerk of the House. In 1864 he re signed his seat in the Maryland Senate, and was appointed Judge of the Circuit Court. Died at Chestertown, Maryland, January 24, 1866. Rice,' Alexander H. — Born in Newton, Massachusetts, in August, 1618 ; received a common school education ; served in his father's paper mill as a clerk while yet a mere boy; subsequently graduated at Union College in 1844, after which he en tered on his own account into the paper business ; in 1853 was elected to the Com mon Council of Boston, and became the President of that body; was Mayor of Boston in 1656 and 1857; and was elected a Representative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs and on Expenditures in the Trea sury Department. Re-elected to the Thir ty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, in which capacity he introduced a large num ber of important measures. Also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Unfinished Business, and again at the head of the Committee ou Naval Affairs. Rice, Henry M. — He was born in Ver mont, November 29, 1816; emigrated to Michigan when it was a Territory, and since that time has lived in three other Territories, viz : Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, much of his life having been spent among the wild Indian tribes of the Northwest ; in 1840 he was appointed a sutler in the army ; has been employed as Commissioner in making many Indian treaties of great importance; in 1853 he was elected a Delegate to Congress from Minnesota; re-elected in 1855, having secured the passage of the act authorizing the people of Minnesota to form a State Constitution; and in 1857 hewas elected a Senator in Congress, from Minnesota, for the term of six years. At the com mencement of the second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress he was appointed a member of the Committees on- Indian Affairs and on Post Offices and Post Roads. Rice, John H. — Born in Mount Ver non, Kennebec County, Maine, February 5, 1616; received a good common school education; between the years 1832 and 1838 he held a variety of local offices at Augusta ; devoted some attention to the study of law ; served as a staff officer during the troubles connected with the Northeastern boundary; in 1840 was ap pointed Deputy Sheriff of Kennebec Coun ty ; in 1642 settled in Piscataquis County, and devoted himself to the lumbering business until 1646 ; subsequently prac- BIOGRAPHIC AL RECORDS. 317 ticed law ; in 1352 was elected a State At torney for three years ; and, having been re-elected, held the office until he was chosen a Representative, from Maine, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and on Patents. Re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, a member of the Committee on the Territories, and as Chairman of the Special Committee on Frontier Defences. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, continuing on the same committees. Rice, Thomas. — He graduated at Har vard University in 1791 ; adopted the pro fession of law ; was in the State Legisla ture in 1813 ; was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1819; and died in 1854. Rich, Charles. — He was born in Hamp shire County, Massachusetts, in 1771, and was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1813 to 1815, and again from 1817 to 1824. He died at Sherburne, Vermont, October 15, 1824. Richard, Gabriel. — He was a Roman Catholic priest, and a man of learning. He was born at Saintes, in France, Octo ber 15, 1764 ; was educated at Angiers ; received orders at a Catholic seminary in Paris, in 1790 ; caine to America in 1793 ; was for a time Professor of Mathematics in St. Mary's College, Maryland ; la bored in Illinois as a missionary ; went to Detroit, Michigan, in 1799, whence he was sent as a Delegate to Congress in 1823. He died in Detroit, September 13, 1832. During his ministry, it became his duty, according to the Roman Catholic religion, to excommunicate one of his parishioners, who had been divorced from his wife. The parishioner prosecuted the priest for defamation of character, which resulted in his obtaining a verdict of $1,000. This money the priest could not pay, and was consequently imprisoned in the common jail; as he had already been elected a Delegate to Congress, he went from his prison, in the wilds of Michigan, to his seat on the floor of Congress. In 1809 he visited Boston, and took a printing press to Michigan, and started a journal called the "Michigan Essay," which failed for the want of readers ; he then published some Roman Catholic books, and the laws of the Territory, all in French; in 1812, after Hull's surrender, he was taken pris oner, and, after his 'release, finding his people destitute, purchased wheat and gave it to the destitute. He wrote several languages, and was a man of superior ability and rare benevolence. Richards, Jacob. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1603 to 1809. Richards, John. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1795 to 1797. Richards, John. — He was a member of the New Y'ork Assembly in 1814 and 1815; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825. Richards, Mark. — He was born in New Haven, Connecticut ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1817 to 1321. He was also a member of the State Legislature for eight years ; County Sheriff for five years ; a State Councillor in 1813 and 1815 ; and Lieu tenant Governor of Vermont in 1330. Richards, Matthias. — He was born in 1757 ; was a Judge of Berks County, Pennsylvania, from 1783 to 1797 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1807 to 1811 . Died iu 1330. Richardson, John P. — He graduated at the South Carolina College in 1819; was a Judge ; a member of the House of Rep resentatives in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1837 to 1840; Governor of that State from 1840 to 1S42 ; and died in South Carolina iu 1850. Richardson, John S. — Born in South Carolina in 1777, and died at Charleston, May 11. 1850. He was an Associate Judge of the General Sessions, of the Common Pleas, and Presiding Judge of the Court of Appeals; aud was elected a member of Congress in 1820, but owing to some exigency in his private affairs, he was not qualified. He was also a member of the State Legislature, and Attorney General for the State of South Carolina. Richardson, Joseph. — Born at Bil- lerica, Massachusetts, February 1, 1778; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1602; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1827 to 1831. He was senior Pastor over the First Church at Hingham, Massachusetts, for fifty years. Richardson, William A. — Born in Fayette County, Kentucky ; graduated at 318 BIOGRAPHIC AL RECORDS. the Transylvania University ; studied law, and came to the bar before attaining his twentieth year, and soon after settled in Illinois. In 1835 he was elected State Attorney ; in 1836 a member of the State Legislature ; in 1838 he was elected to the State Senate; and in 1844 was again elected to the Legislature, and made Speaker of the House ; and was chosen a Presidential Elector in 1844. In 1846 he seryed as Captain in the Mexican war, and on the battle-field of Buena Vista was pro moted by the unanimous vote of his regi ment; in 1847 he was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from Illinois, where he continued to serve by re-election until 1856, when he resigned ; in 1857 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Gover nor of Nebraska, which he resigned in 1858 ; in 1860 he was, against his consent, re-elected to the House of Representatives, but before the expiration of his term, iu 1863, was elected a Senator in Congress, from Illinois, for the unexpired term of his friend, S. A. Douglas, serving on the Com mittees on Territories and the District of Columbia. Richardson, William M. — He was born in Pelham, New Hampshire, January 4, 1774, and graduated at the University of Cambridge in 1797. He practiced law- for a few years at Groton, Massachusetts ; and was a member of Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1814, when he re signed. He removed to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1814, and was appointed Chief Justice in 1816; and he discharged the duties of the office with high reputa tion nearly twenty-two years. He was a man of distinguished talents, great indus try, and extensive acquirements, aud high ly respected for his integrity and estimable character. He was the author of "The New Hampshire Justice," and "The Town Officer." A considerable portion of the first and second volumes of the New Hamp shire Reports was drawn up by the Chief Justice; nearly all the cases of the third, fourth, and fifth were furnished by him ; and of the matter for, perhaps, four volumes more, he prepared a large share. He died at Chester, New Hampshire, March 23, 1836. Richmond, Jonathan. — He was born in Bristol, Massachusetts, in 1774; was one of the pioneers of Western New Y'ork in 1813; was once Collector of the Cus toms for the United States ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from New- Y'ork, from 1819 to 1821. He died in Cayuga, Nun- Y'ork, July 29, 1653. Riddle, Albert G. — He was born in Massachusetts, and elected a Representa tive, from Ohio, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Revo lutionary Claims. Riddle, George Read. — He was born in Newcastle, Delaware, in 1817 ; educated at Delaware College ; studied engineering, and was engaged for years in locating and constructing railroads and canals in Penn sylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Vir ginia, the last of which was the great work at Harper's Ferry. Afterwards he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1848, and was appointed Deputy Attorney General for his native county, which position he held until 1850, when he was elected a Representative, from Delaware, to the Thirty-second Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals, and wa- Chairman of the Committee on Engraving, and also a Special Committee on the Peru vian Guano Question. In 1849 he was ap pointed by the Governor of the State a Commissioner on the part of Delaware to retrace the celebrated " Mason and Dixon's line, " the report of which was printed by the Legislatures of Pennsylvania, Dela ware, and Maryland in 1850. He was also a Delegate to the several Democratic National Conventions of 1844, 1S48, and 1856. In 1864 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Delaware, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia, Private Land Claims, Manufactures, and Printing. Ridgeley, Henry M. — Born in 1776 ; a lawyer by profession ; and for many years was a distinguished member of the Uelaware bar. He was a Representative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1811 to 1815, and supplied a vacancy as Senator in Congress from 1826v to 1829. Ho died at his residence in Dover, Delaware, August 7, 1847. Ridgely, Richard. — He was a Dele gate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1785. Ridgway, Joseph. — He was born on Staten Island, New York, May 6, 1783; received a limited education ; and acquired the trade of a house carpenter. In 1811 he emigrated to Cayuga County, New Y'ork, aud devoted himself to making fan ning mills; and in 1822 settled in Colum bus, Ohio, and established an extensive iron foundry, which subsequently became an establishment for manufacturing rail- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 319 road carriages. In 1828 he was elected to the Legislature of Ohio, and re-elected in 1830 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1837 to 1843. He failed in business in 1811, and, though ex onerated by the bankrupt law, he thought proper, in 1857, to pay up his old debts, at the rate of two dollars for one ; and of seventy creditors he only found four living ; so that he had to hunt up and pay the heirs, which occupied four months of his time. Riggs, Jetur R. — Born in Morris Coun ty, New Jersey, June 20, 1809; studied medicine; and graduated at the Barclay Street Medical University of New York. In 1828 he made an extensive sea voyage over the world; practised his profession from 1832 to 1849 ; served two years in the New Jersey Legislature ; spent one or two years in charge of the hospital at Sutter's Fort, California; in 1855 was elected for three years to the Senate of New Jersey ; and in 1858 w-as elected a Representative in Congress from that State, serving as a member of the Committee on Manufac tures. Riggs, Lewis. — Was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Riker, Samuel. — He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1784, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1804 to 1805, and again from 1807 to 1809. Ringgold, Samuel. — He was a Repre sentative iu Congress, from Maryland, from 1810 to 1815, and again from 1817 to 1821. Ripley, Eleazar W. — He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1800 ; studied law, and settled in the District of Maine; was Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1811; acquitted him self with credit as an officer in the last war with England ; removed to Louisiaua, whence he was elected to Congress, serv ing from 1835 to the time of his death, which occurred at New Orleans, March 2, 1839, aged fifty-seven years. Ripley, James W. — He was a lawyer; served four years in the Legislature of Maine ; was an officer in the last war with England, and a member of Congress, from Maine, from 1826 to 1830, when he was appointed Collector of Customs for the Passamaquoddy District of Maine. He died in June, 1835. Ripley, Thomas C. — He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Twenty -ninth Congress for the unexpired term of Samuel Beardsley, resigned. Risley, Elijah. — He was born in Con necticut, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1 849 to 1 851 . Ritchey, Thomas. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and, having settled in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849, and again from 1853 to 1855. Ritchie, David. — He was born at Can- onsburg, Washington County, Pennsyl vania, August 19, 1812 ; graduated at Jefferson College in 1829 ; admitted to the bar, at Pittsburg, in 1835; received the degree of J.U.D. from the University of Heidelberg, Germany, in 1837 ; and was a Representative, from Pittsburg, in the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty- fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Ritter, Burwell C. — He was bora in Barren County, Kentucky, January 6,1810; received a good English education ; adopted the business of farming, to which he has been devoted ; was a member of the Legisla ture of Kentucky in 1843 and 1850; in 1864 hewas a Presidential Elector ; and in 1865 he was elected a Representative, from Ken tucky, to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Ex penditures in the Treasury Department. Ritter, John. — Was born in Exeter Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania, February 6, 1779. He received such edu cation as the country afforded in German, and but three months of English schooling. At eighteen years of age he entered the printing office of the "Readinger Adler," of which his father was half-owner. This was at the issue of the second number of the paper. In 1802 he bought his father out, and continued as an editor and proprie tor to conduct the journal to the day of his death. He never sought any office. Au election to the Convention to revise the Constitution of Pennsylvania, in 1836, and to a seat from Pennsylvania in the Twenty- eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses came to him as a spontaneous act of popular con fidence and respect. He died at Reading, Noveniber 24, 1851. Rivers, Thomas. — He was born iu Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress from 1855 to 1857. 320 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Rives, Francis E. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. Rives, William C. — He was born in Nelson County, Virginia, May 4, 1793 ; was educated at Hampden Sidney and William and Mary Colleges ; studied law and politics under the direction of Thomas Jefferson; was aide-de-camp in 1814 and 1 815 with a body of militia and volunteers, called out for the defence of Virginia ; and was a member, in 1816, of the Staunton Convention, called to reform the State Constitution. He was elected to the Leg islature of Virginia in 1817, 1818, and 1819, from Nelson County; in 1822 to the same position from Albemarle County; in 1823 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and he served for three succes sive terms; in 1829 hewas appointed by President Jackson Minister to France ; on his return in 1832 he was elected a Senator in Congress, and resigned in 1834 ; was re-elected in 1635, and served to the end of the term, in 1839; in 1840 was elected to the Senate for a third term, where he re mained until 1845 ; in 1849 he was a second time appointed Minister to France, and re turned in 1 653, when he finally retired from political life. He has also added to his reputation by publishing a History of the Life and Times of James Madison. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the so-called Confederate Con gress, having previously been a Delegate to the Peace Congress of that year. Roane, John. — He was born in Vir ginia; was a Presidential Elector in 1809; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1815 to 1317, from 1827 to 1331, and, for a third term, from 1835 to 1637. Roane, John J. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, his native State, from 1831 to 1833. Roane, John T— He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1809 to 1815. Roane, William H.— Born in Virginia in 1788 ; was twice elected a member of the Executive Council of that State ; once a Delegate to the General Assembly; a Representative in Congress from 1615 to 1817; and a Senator of the United States from 1837 to 1641. He died at Tree Hill, near Richmond, Virginia, May 11, 1645. Robbie, Reuben. — He was bom in Vermont, and, having settled in New York, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1653. Robbins, Asher. — Born in Wethers- field, Connecticut, in 1757, and graduated at Yale College. He was a lawyer by pro fession ; was United States District Attor ney in 1812 ; held many other important public positions ; and was a leading Sena tor in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1825 to 1839. He was also a member of the Rhode Island Legislature for many years. Died at Newport, Rhode Island, February 25, 1845. Robbins, George R. — Bom near Allen- town, Monmouth County, New Jersey, September 24, 1312; graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1837, and pursued the practice of medi cine until his election to the House of Rep resentatives, from New Jersey, during the Thirty- fourth Congress ; was re-elected to the Thirty -fifth Congress, and w-as a mem ber of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Robbins, John, Jr. — He was born iu Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1655. Roberdeau, Daniel. — He was a Dele gate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress, from 1777 to 1779, and was a signer of the Articles of Confederation. Roberts, Anthony E. — Born in Ches ter County, Pennsylvania, October, 1803, but removed with his parents to Lancaster County in his infancy. He received a common school education, and commenced life as a merchant. In 1839 he was elected Sheriff of Lancaster County, and held the office till 1842. In 1849 he was appointed by President Taylor Marshal of the East ern District of Pennsylvania, and remained in that position until 1353, and collected the statistics for the Seventh Census of that District. He was a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty- fifth, and was a member of the Committee on the Militia. Roberts, Jonathan. — Born in 1771, and early in the present century was elected to both branches of the Legislature of Pennsylvania ; was a Representative in Congress from 1811 to 1814, when he re signed ; and was an advocate of the war of 1812. From 1814 to 1821 he w-as a Senator of the United States; and in 1841 he was appointed Collector of the Port of Philadel phia by President Harrison. He died in Philadelphia, July, 1854. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 321 Roberts, Robert W. — He was born in Delaware, and having settled in Missis sippi, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Robertson, George — Born in Mercer County, Kentucky, November 18, 1790, and completed his education in Transylva nia University. He studied law, and com menced practice in 1809. In 1816 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and served from 1817 to 1821. He was a mem ber of the Legislature, and Speaker of the House four sessions, ending in 1827. In 1828 he was Secretary of State, and the same year chosen Judge of the Court of Appeals, and in 1829 commissioned Chief Justice of Kentucky, which position he re signed in 1843, and resumed the practice of law in Lexington in 1835. He was Pro fessor of Law in Transylvania University for twenty-three years, and is still engaged in teaching law. He has repeatedly de clined important offices, including missions to Colombia and Peru. Robertson, John. — He was bom in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1834 to 1839. Robertson, Thomas B. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Louisi ana, from 1812 to 1816, having been the first member elected under the State Con stitution. Robinson, Christopher. — He was born in Rhode Island ; graduated at Brown Uni versity in 1825, and adopted the profession of law ; was Attorney General of Rhode Island. He was elected a Representative, from Rhode Island, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on the Judiciary, and also on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the RebeUious States. In 1861 he was ap pointed by President Lincoln Minister to Peru. Robinson, Edward. — He was a ship master and merchant ; served two years in the Maine Senate ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maine, during the years 1838 and 1839. In 1840 he was a Presidential Elector ; and died February 20, 1857, aged sixty-one years. Robinson, James C. — Was born in Edgar County, Illinois, in 1822 ; served as a private in the Mexican war ; studied law aud came to the bar in 1854 i was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty -sixth Congress, and re-elected to the 21 Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Con gresses, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Mileage, and as a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department. Robinson, John L. — Ho was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1847 to 1853. In 1857 he was appointed United States Marshal for the District of Indiana, by President Buchanan, which office he held until his death, March 21, 1860. Robinson, John M. — He was bom in 1793, and was one of the early settlers, of Illinois ; aud one of the Judges of the Su preme Court of that State. He was a Sen ator in Congress, from 1830 to 1842, and died at Ottawa, Illinois, April 26, 1843. Robinson, Jonathan. — He was ap pointed Chief Justice of Vermont in 1801, in the place of Judge Smith, who resigned, and in 1806 was elected to succeed Mr. Smith as Senator in Congress, serving from 1807 to 1815. He died at Bennington, November 3, 1819, aged sixty-four. Robinson, Moses. — He was educated at Dartmouth College; served iu the Le gislature of Vermont ; and was Governor of that State from 1789 to 1790. He was a member of the Senate of the United States, from Vermont, under the administration of Washington, from 1791 to 1796, when he resigned. He was one of the minority who were opposed to the ratification of Jay's Treaty. He died at Bennington, May 26, 1813, aged seveuty-two. Robinson, Orville. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. He also served four years in the Assembly of New York, from Oswego County. Robinson, Thomas. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1839 to 1841, and died iu Sussex County, of that State, October 28, 1843. Robison, David P. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Rochester, William B. — He was born in Washington County, Maryland, and was a man of legal acquirements, much re spected for his abilities, and a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 232 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 1821 to 1823. He subsequently held the office of Circuit Judge in New York. He , was lost, with many others, off the coast of North Carolina, by the explosion of the steamer Pulaski, June 15, 1833. Rockhill, William. — He was born in New Jersey, and, having settled in Indi ana, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Rockwell, John A. — Born in Norwich, Connecticut, iu 1804; graduated at Yale College in 1 822 ; studied law, which he practiced with ability and success ; was twice elected to the State Senate ; was at one time Judge of the County Court for New London County ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1845 to 1849, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Claims. He subse quently practiced in the Court of Claims, and was the author of a work on Spanish law. Died in Washington, of apoplexy, February 10, 1861. Rockwell, Julius.— Born at Colebrook, Litchfield County, Connecticut, April 26, 1805. Entered Y'ale College in 1822, and graduated in 1826 ; studied law at the New Haven Law School, and was admitted to the bar in Litchfield County, in 1829, com mencing practice in 1830, at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He was a member of the House of Representatives of Massachu setts, from 1834 to 1838, and was Speaker from 1835 to 1838, and in that year was appointed Bank Commissioner, and held the office three years. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1847 to 1851, and United States Senator for two sessions, by appointment, from 1854 to 1855, to suc ceed Mr. Everett. In 1853 he was a mem ber of the Convention to revise the Con stitution of Massachusetts ; a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; aud in 1858 was again elected to the House of Representatives of that State. In 1859 he was made a Judge of the Superior Court of Massachusetts. Rodgers, James. — He was born in South Carolina ; graduated at the Univer sity of that State in 1813; adopted the profession of law ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, hom 1835* to 1837, and again from 1339 to 1643. Rodman, William. — Bom in Bensalem, Bucks Couuty, Pennsylvania, October 7, 1757, his parents being of the Society of Friends. He received a liberal education ; served in the Revolutionary war as a sol dier ; under the call from Washington, he raised and commanded a company, during the "Whiskey Insurrection" in Western Pennsylvania ; he was, for many years, in the Legislature of his native State ; and he was a Representative in Congress from 1811 to 1813. He died at the place of his birth, July 27, 1824. Rodney, Caesar. — He was bora in Do ver, Kent County, Delaware, in 1730; re ceived a liberal education; he was High Sher iff, Justice of the Peace, and a Judge in his native County ; in 1762 he was elected to the State Legislature, serving several years, and as Speaker in 1769 ; w-as a Delegate to the New Y'ork Congress in 1765; was a Delegate, from Delaware, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1774 to 1778, and in 1783: was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Delaware ; also served for a time as General of Militia; and was President of the State of Delaware. Died in 1783. A son of his was subse quently a member of the Federal Congress. Rodney, Caesar A. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1803 to 1805. He was appointed Attorney General qf the United States by President Jefferson; and in 1812 com manded a company of volunteers in de fence of Baltimore; again a Representative in Congress, from Delaware, fiom 1819 to 1821 ; and a Senator of the United States from 1821 to 1 823, in which year hewas appointed United States Minister to Buenos Ayres, where he died June 10, 1624. Rodney, Daniel. — He was a Presi dential Elector in 1809, a Representative in Congress, from the State of Delaware, from 1 822 to 1 823, and a Senator in Con gress from 1826 to 1827. Rodney, George B. — He was born in Delaware ; graduated at Princeton College in 18-0, and was a Representative in Con- grees, from his native State, from 1841 to 1845. He was a Delegate, in 1861; to the Peace Congress of Washington. Rodney, Thomas. — He was a Delegate from Delaware to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 1783, and from 1785 to 1787. Rogers, Andrew J. — He was born in Hamburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, July 1, 1828; received a limited education; spent the most of his youth as an assistant in a hotel and in a country store ; taught school for two years aud a half, during which time he studied law, and was ad- ' BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. mitted to the bar in 1852 ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from New Jersey, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Pub'ic Ex penditures. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, Expenses in the Post Office Department, and Reconstruction. Rogers, Charles. — He was born in New "York," and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. He also served in the Assembly of New Yoik from Washington County, in 1833 and 1837. Rogers, Edward. — He was born in ©onnecticut ; received a classical educa tion, studied law, and settled in Madison County, New Yoik. He was, for many years. County Judge; and was a Repre sentative in OGngress, from New York, from 1843 to 1845. He died in Galway, Saratoga County, New York, May 23, 1857, aged seventy years. Rogers, John. — Hewas a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress, from 1775 to 1776. Rogers, Sion H. —He was born in North Carolina, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Rogers, Thomas J. — He was born in Waterford, Ireland, and came to this coun try when three years of age ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1818 to 1824, a part of the time for the unexpired term of John Ross, and died in New York City, December 7, 1832, aged fifty-one years. Rollins, Edward H. — He was born in Somersworth, now Rollingford, Strafford County, New Hampshire, October 3, 1824 ; received an academical education, and for a short time taught school ; was devo'ed for seve al years to mercantile pursuits, first as a eld k and then as an apothecary ; was a member of the Slate Legislature in 1855, 1851), and 1857, serving as Speaker during the last two years ; was chosen Chairman of^the. State Republican Committee in 1856, which position he held until he entered Congress; elected a Representative, from New Hampshire, to the Thirty-Seventh Congress, serving on the Commi'tee on the District of Columbia ; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Accounts. Re elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, con tinuing at the head of the same Committee, and serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. He was also a member of the National Committee appointed to ac company the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Rollins, James Sidney.— Was bom in Madison County, Kentucky, April 19, 1812; graduated at the State University of India na, at Bloomington, in 1830 ; studied law, and graduated at the Transylvania Law School, in Kentucky, in 1833; and soon afterwards settled in Boone County, Mis souri. In 1838 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected in 1840 and 1842^ in 1846 he was elected to the State Senate, and served four years; in 1854 be was again elected to the Legislature; in 1857 he was defeated as the Whig candidate for Governor by two hundred and thirty votes, 100,000 having been polled, though many thought him legally elected ; in 1860 he was elected a Representative, from Mis souri, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv ing on the Committees of Commerce and on Expenditures in the War Department. He was re-elected in 1862 to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. Roman, James D. — He was ¦ born in Maryland ; was educated a lawyer ; was a Presidential Elector on two occasions ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. He is at the present time President of the Hagcrstown Bank. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Roosevelt, James I. — Born in thecity of New York, December, 1796 ; was edu cated at Columbia College ; studied law with Peter Augustus Jay, and was for sev eral years his partner. In 1835 and 1840 he was a member of the State Legislature, and in 1842 and 1843 was a Representative in Congress, from New York City. He de clined a re-election, and went abroad in 1843. On his return he retired from the practice of law to private life ; but was in duced to accept the appointment of Judge of the Supreme Court of the State in 1851 . He was also for several years in early life a member of the city government. Root, Erastus. — Bom in Hebron, Con necticut, March 16, 1772 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1793; after which he taught school for some time, and then studied law and settled in Delaware Coun ty. New York, in 1796. He was a Repre sentative in the Assembly eleven years : Speaker of the House three years ; State 324 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Senator eight years ; and a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1805, from 1809 to 18U, 1812 to 1813, 1815 to 1817, in which year he was appointed Postmaster at Delhi, New Y'ork, and was re-elected to Congress, from 1831 to 1833. In 1822 he was chosen Lieutenant Governor of tho State, and he was also Major General of militia. He died in New York City, De- comber 24, 1846. His intellect and tastes were highly cultivated. Root, Jesse. — Born at Northampton, Massachusetts, January, 1 737 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1756; preached about three years, and then studied law; settled in Hartford, Connecticut. He took part in the Revolutionary war, and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1778 to 1783 ; was appointed Judge of the Superior Court in 1789, and was Chief Justice from 1796 until his resignation in 1807. He died March 29, 1622. Root, Joseph M. — Born in Cayuga, New York, October 7, 1817 ; read law at Auburn, and removed to Ohio in 1829 ; was appointed Prosecuting Attorney in that State ; in 1840 chosen to the State Senate ; and served as a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1851. He was for a time Chairman of the Committees on the Post Office and Expenditures in the Treasuiy Department. Rose, RobertL. — BorninGeneva, New York, October 12, 1804; was a farmer by occupation ; has held the office of Super visor for the town of Allen's Hill ; and was , a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1847 to 1851. Rose, Robert S. — He was born in Hen rico County, Virginia ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from the State of New Y'ork, from 1823 to 1827, aud again from 1829 to 1831. He died at Waterloo, New Y'ork, November 24, 1835, aged sixty- three years. Ross, David. — He was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1787. Ross, E. G. — He was born in Wisconsin ; received a good English education, and, having commenced life as a printer, soou became an editor in his native State; on the breaking out of the troubles in Kansas, in 1856 he removed to that State, and took an active part in its local affairs; was a member of the Kansas Constitutional Con vention of 1658 ; from that time until 1851 ho served in the State Legislature; servod in a Kansas regiment during tho Rebellion, attaining the rank of Major; and subse quently became the associate editor of the Lawrence Tribune. In July, 1866, he was appointed a Senator in Congress, from Kansas, for the unexpired term of James H. Lane, deceased. Ross, George. — Born in Now ,Castle, Delaware, in 1730 ; he acquired a classical education under his father's roof; studied law and came to the bar in 1751 ; settled in Lancaster, Pennsylvania ; in 1768 he was elected to the Colonial Legislature ; w-as a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from 1774 to 1777 ; was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence; he was a member of the Colonial Conven tion that commenced the new government ; Chairman of the Committee that formed the organization of the SRte government ; in 1779 he was appointed Judge of the Court of Admiralty for Pennsylvania, but died in July of that year from an attack of gout. He was a profound lawyer, and an earnest patriot. Ross, Henry H. — He was born in Essex County, New York, and graduated at Co lumbia College, New Y'ork, in 1808; studied law and practiced the profession in Essex, Essex County, New Y'ork, for fifty years ; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1807. He was County Judge of Essex County in 1847 and 1848; was a Presidential Elector in 1848, heading the State ticket, and officiat ing as President of the Electoral College. He died September 13, 1862. Hewas dis tinguished for his ability, eloquence, dig nity, and high character. Ross, James. — Born about the year 1761, in Pennsylvania. He was a lawyer by profession, and was a member of the Convention that formed the Constitution of Pennsylvania, in 1790. He was a Sen ator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1794 to 1803, serving during one session as President pro tern, of that body, and died at his residence, near Pittsburg, November 27, 1847. Ross, John. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1615 to 1818, hav ing resigned. Ross, Lewis W. — He was born in Senoca County, New York. December 8, 1812; removed with his father to Illinois when a boy ; was educated at the Illinois BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 325 College ; adopted the profession of law. In 1840 and 1844 he was elected to tho State Legislature ; was a Presidential Elec tor in 1848 ; and a Delegate in 1860 to the Charleston and Baltimore Conventions. In 1861 was elected to the State Constitutional Convention; and in 1862 was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Invalid Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. Ross, Thomas. — He was a native of Pennsylvania; graduated at Princeton College in 1825 ; and was a Representa-* five in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1653. Ross, Thomas R.-^-He was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1819 to 1825. Rousseau, Lovell H. — He was born near Stanford, Lincoln County, Kentucky, August 4, 1818, to which place his father had emigrated from Virginia ; was chiefly educated by himself, acquiring a good Eng lish education, and having adopted the profession of law, practiced it with success in Indiana, to which he removed in 1841. He was elected for three years to the Le gislature of Indiana, and for three years to the Senate of the State ; served through the war with Mexico as a Captain, and was present at Buena Vista; in 1850 he returned to Louisville, Kentucky, where he subsequently resided. In 1860 he was elected by both political parties to the Sen ate of Kentucky, and, after serving through the stormy session of 1861, resigned his seat and asked for permission to raise troops for the war. In June of that year he was commissioned a Colonel of volunteers, and in July was in camp with four companies ; in October, 1861, he was appointed a Brig adier General, was present at the battle of Shiloh, and reported for gallantry; was also in the battle of Perryville, and for his ' ' distinguished gallantry and good service " there, was, in October, 1862, appointed a Major General. He was also in the ad vance upon Corinth after the battle of Shiloh, and in the battle of Stone river and many smaller engagements. He con ducted, in 1864, a highly important and successful raid into the heart of Alabama, and defended Fortress Rosecrans with eight thousand men during tho siege of Nashville. In 1865 he was elected a Rep resentative from Kentucky to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Military Affairs and on Roads and Canals. Ho was also one of the Repre sentatives designated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. In June, 1866, he made a personal assault on J. B. Grinnell, a fellow member of the House, for words spoken in debate; and although the committee appointed to in vestigate the subject reported a resolution to expel, the House adopted the minority report to reprimand him for violating the privileges of the House; whereupon he re signed his seat as a Representative in the Thirty-ninth Congress. Rowan, John. — He was born in Penn sylvania, in 1773 ; emigrated to Kentucky when quite young ; he was a member of the Convention which formed the Consti tution of 1799; he was Secretary of State in 1804; elected a member of Congress, from 1807 to 1809; for many years a mem ber of the General Assembly ; Judge of the Court of Appeals in 1819; and was a Sen ator in Congress, from 1825 to 1831. His last public position was that of Commis sioner for carrying out a late treaty with Mexico. He died in Louisville, Kentucky, July 13, 1843. Rowe, Peter. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1853 to 1855. Royce, Homer E. — He was born in Berkshire, Vermont, in 1819; received a common school education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1846 and 1847; was Prosecuting Attorney for the State in 1848; a State Senator in 1849, 1850, and 1851 ; and was elected a Repre sentative from Vermont to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the same Committee. RufHn, Thomas. — Born in Edgecombe County, North Carolina; graduated at Chapel Hill University ; is a lawyer by profession, and served as Circuit Attorney of the Seventh Judicial Circuit of the State of Missouri, from December, 1844, to December, 1848 ; and was elected a Rep resentative from North Carolina to the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committees on Public Lands, on Accounts, and on the Militia. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the Rebel Congress, having 326 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. previously been a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. He also served as a Colonel in the Southern army, and, from the effects of a wound, died at Alexandria, Virginia, in October, 1863. Ruggles, Benjamin. — Bpin in Wind ham County, Connecticut. He obtained the means for receiving a classical educa tion by teaching a school in winter. He studied law, and after his admission to the bar removed to Marietta, Ohio ; he subse quently settled at St. Clairsville; and in 1810 was elected President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the Third Cir cuit. He was elected, by the Legislature, a Senator of the United States from Ohio, serving from 1815 to 1833; and from his well-known habits of industry and con stant devotion to the interests of his con stituents, he was called "The Wheelhorse of the Senate." From his youth he was a member of the Masonic fraternity. In 1837 he was a Presidential Elector. He died at St. Clairsville, September 2, 1857, aged seventy-four years. He served on many' of the most important committees. Ruggles, Charles H. — He was born in Litchfield County. Connecticut, and was a member of the New Y'ork Assembly in 1820; a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1823, aud also Judge of the Supreme Court of New Y'ork. Ruggles, John. — Born in Westboro', Massachusetts ; was well educated, but possessed a taste • for the mechanic arts ; and was a Senator in Congress, from Maine, from 1835 to 1841, and a member of the Committee on Commerce. He took a spe cial interest in, and was the originator, when in Congress, of the idea of a re organization of the Patent Office, and the very first patent granted after the reorgani zation, July 28, 1836, was granted to him for a locomotive steam-engine. He was nine times elected to tho Maine Legisla ture, and officiated as Speaker three years ; and from 1835 to 1841 was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Ruggles, Nathaniel. — He was a native of Massachusetts ; graduated at Harvard University in 1781 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1613 to 1819, and died at Roxbury, Massa chusetts, December 19, of the latter year, aged fifty-eight years. Rumsey, Benjamin. — He was a Dele gate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1776. Rumsey, David, Jr. — He was bora in New Y'ork, aud was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1851. Rumsey, Edward. — He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 18.17 to 1839. Runk, John. — He was born in New Jersey; was a Presidential Elector in 1841; aud a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Rush, Benjamin. — Born in Bristol, Buck's County, Pennsylvania, December 24, 1745; was educated chiefly at Prince ton College ; studied medicine for six years, and then attended lectures at the Edin burgh University ; practiced in the Hospi tals of London, aud completed his studies in Paris; on his return he was at ouce ap pointed a Professor in a medical institution in Philadelphia ; he was an earnest advo cate of the cause of liberty ; was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777 ; and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was a member of the Convention called to ratify the Federal Constitution, and subsequently held the post of Cashier of the United States Mint. On retiring from political life he devoted his whole attention to his profession, and was a professor in various important insti tutions ; and, as a high officer, took an active part iu the Society for the Abolition of Slavery, the Philadelphia Bible Society, the Philadelphia Medical Society, and the American Philosophical Society. Among his numerous writings were "Medical In quiries and Observations" and a "History of the Yellow Fever." Died April 19, 1813, and is remembered as one of the leading medical men of his time. Rusk Thomas J. — He was born in South Carolina ; studied law, and practiced with success in Georgia. In the early part of 1835 he removed to Texas, and was a prominent actor in all the important events in the history of the Republic aud the State of Texas. He was a member of the Con vention that declared Texas an independ ent Republic, in March, 1836; was the first Secretary of War ; participated in the battle of San Jacinto, and took command of the army after General Houston was wounded. He continued in command of the army until the organization of the Con stitutional Government, in October, 1836, when he was again appninted Secretary of War, and resigned after a few months. He afterwards commanded several expeditions BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 327 against the Indians ; served as a member of the House of Representatives, and as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, which last office he resigned early in 1842. In 1845 he was President of the Convention that consummated the annexation of Texas to the United States. Upon the admission of Texas into the Union in 1845, he was elected one of the Senators in the Congress of the United States, in which office he served two terms, and was elected for the third term, ending in 1863. He was Chair man of the Committee on the Post Office. He took a deep interest in the wagon-road to the Pacific, and the overland mail. At the time of his death, which occurred in Nacogdoches, Texas, July 29, 1856, he was President pro tern, of the Senate. In a moment of insanity, caused by over whelming grief at the death of his wife, he took his own life, aged fifty-four. Russ, John. — He was a native of Ips wich, Massachusetts, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1819 to 1823. He died at Hartford, Connecticut, June 22, 1832, aged sixty- eight years. Russell, David. — He was bora in Mas sachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1835 to 1841, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Claims. He was also in the Assembly of that State, in 1816 and 1830, from Washington County, aud District Attorney for Northern New Y'ork. Died at Salem, Washington County, New Y'ork, November 24, 1861, aged sixty-one years. Russell, James M. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1842 to 1843. Russell, Jeremiah. — He was born in New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Russell, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Y'ork. from 1805 to 1809. Russell, Jonathan. — He was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Sweden in 1814, and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from .1821 to 1823. Died February 16, 1832. His birthplace was Middlesex Couuty, Massachusetts. Russell, Joseph. — He w-as a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847, and from 1851 to 1853. Russell, Samuel. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Russell, William. — He was born in Ireland, and having emigrated to Ohio, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 1833, and again from 1841 to 1843. Russell, William F. — Born in Sauger- ties, Ulster County, New York; was a merchant for twenty years, and a member of the Legislature of New York, in 1850, serving one term ; was elected a Represent ative from New York in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee ou Indian Affairs. Rust, Albert. — He was born in Vir ginia, and removing to Arkansas, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857, and again from 1859 to 1861, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals, and the Special Com mittee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861, and was a Brigadier General. Rutherford, John. — He was a native of New York City ; a nephew of William Alexander, Earl of Stirling ; graduated at New Jersey College in 1776 ; was educated a lawyer ; was a Presidential Elector in 1798, 1813, and 1821; a Senator of the United States, from New Jersey, from 1791 to 179S ; and was the last survivor of the Senators in Congress during the adminis tration of Washington. He early retired from public life, and, being one of the largest landholders in New Jersey, was ac tively engaged in agricultural and internal improvements. He died at Ederston, New Jersey, February 23, 1840, in the eightieth year of his age. Rutherford, Robert. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 1797. Rutledge, Edward. — Born in Charles ton, South Carolina, in November, 1749 ; received a good education, and studied law at the Temple in London ; he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1777, and signed the Decla ration of Independence ; he took part in military affairs, and was taken prisoner at Charleston, remaining in confinement nearly a year ; subsequently served in the State Assembly; iu 1798 he was elected Governor of South Carolina, holding the 328 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. office until his death, which occurred January 23, 1800. He stood high both as an orator and a patriot. Rutledge, John. — He was born in Ire land in 1739 ; emigrated to South Carolina ; studied law in England, and, returning to South Carolina in 1761, took an active part in the Revolutionary cause, and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress. In 1776 he was appointed President of South Carolina, and Commander-in-chief of that Colony, having also been a member of the Convention of 1774. He was Gov ernor of the State in 1779; Chancellor of the State in 1781 ; member of the Conven tion to form the Constitution, and signed that instrament ; a Representative in Con gress, from 1797 to 1803; and, after having been Judge of the Court of Chancery, Chief Justice of South Carolina, and Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, was finally promoted to the position of Chief Justice, in which capacity he died, January 23, 1800. Ryall, D. B. — He was bom in Trenton, New Jersey ; adopted the profession of law ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1341. Sabin, Alvah. — He w-as born in Georgia, Vermont, October 23, 1793; was educated for the ministry; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1857. He served ten years in the State Legislature; and was Secretary of State for Vermont, in 1841. Sabine, Lorenzo.— He was born in Lisbon, New Hampshire, February 28, 1803; was entirely self-educated; was bred a merchant; was for many years a bank officer ; and was for some time Sec retary of the Boston Board of Trade. He was three times elected to the Legislature of Maine, from Eastport, and was at one time Deputy Collector of the port of Pas- .samaquoddy. He has held, in Massachu setts, the position of Confidential Agent of the Treasury Department ; and was a Rep resentative, from that State, to the Thirty- second Congress. He has devoted much of his time to literary pursuits, and is the author of a "Life of Commodore Preble," "The American Loyalists," "Re port on the American Fisheries," and "Notes on Duels and Duelling," and has been a contributor to the North American Review. The degree of A. M. was con ferred upon him by Bowdoin and Harvard Colleges. Sackett, William A. — Born in New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853, and was a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Sage, Ebenezer.— He graduated at Yale College in 1778, and was a Representative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1809 to 1815, and again from 1819 to 1820. He died in 1834. Sage, Russell. — Born in Oneida Coun ty, New York, August 4, 1816 ; received a common school education ; commenced active life as a clerk in a store at Troy, and until 1853 was wholly devoted to mercantile pursuits. In 1 84 1 be was elected .in Alderman in the City of Troy, and, by annual elections, served seven years in that capacity ; he was also Treasurer of Rensselaer County for seven years, in which office he was especially popular; and lie was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1853 to 1857, serv ing on the Committees on Invalid Pensions, and on Ways and Means. He was the first man who advocated, on the floor of Congress, the purchase by the General Government of Mount Vernon ; and he was among the most active supporters of Mr. Banks for the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives. Sailly, Peter. — He was born in Loraine, France ; first came to the United States in 1783, and settled in Clinton County, New Y'ork. Having been well educated, and possessing a decided talent for business, he acquired considerable influence, and held several offices of public trust iu his adopted State. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1805 to 1807, and on his retirement from that position, he was appointed, by President Jefferson, Collector of Customs for the District of Champlain, holding the office until his death, which occurred at Platts- burg, in 1826. Saltonstall, Leverett. — Born in Mas sachusetts, in 1781 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1802 ; commenced the practice of law in Salem in 1805, and was distin guished as a lawyer ; was a Presidential Elector in 1837 ; he frequently served in the State Legislature, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1839 to 1843. He was also an active member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and the degree of Doctor of Laws was con ferred upon him by Harvard College, to BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 329 which he left a legacy, and he also made a bequest of valuable books to Phillips's Academy, at Exeter, where he commenced his education. He died at Salem, Mas sachusetts, May 8, 1845. Sammons, Thomas. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1803 to 1807, and again from 1809 to 1813. Sample, Samuel C. — He was bora in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1843 to 1845. Sampson, Zabdiel — He was born in Plympton, Massachusetts ; graduated at Brown University in 1803, and adopted the profession of law. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from his native State, from 1817 to 1819; and in 1820 he was appointed Collector of Customs at Plymouth, where he died, while in office, July 19, 1828. Samuel, Green B. — Born in Virginia, and was elected a Representative in Con gress, from 1839 to 1841. Sandford, John. — He was a native of New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, and a member of the New York Senate, in the extra session of 1851 . He died in Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York, October, 1857. Sandford, Jonah. — He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1827 and 1830, from the County of St. Lawrence, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1830 to 1831. Sandidge, John M. — Bora in Franklin County, Georgia, January 7, 1817 ; was a planter by occupation, and served as a member of the Legislature of Louisiana from 1846 to 1855. In 1852 he was a mem ber of the Convention that framed the present Constitution of that State ; Speaker of the House in 1854 and 1855; and elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was Chair man of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Sands, Joshua. — He was born in Queen's County, New York, iu 1758, and was a member of the New York Senate, from King's County, from 1792 to 1799, and a Representative in Congress, from 1803 to 1804, and again from 1825 to 1827. During the war of 1775 he was a member of the Brooklyn Home Guards ; in 1797 he was appointed, by President Adams, Collector of Customs for the port of New York ; was at one time a Magistrate in King's County; and he also took an active part, with two brothers, in the Revo lutionary war to its close. Died in his native County, September 13, 1835. He was the father of the present Commodore Sands. Sanford, James T. — He was born in Virginia, but removed to Tennessee at an early day. He was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1823 to 1825. He was liberally educated, and having acquired a large property in the pursuits of agriculture, he appropriated a part of his wealth to the establishment of "Jackson College," where many promi nent men have been educated. He died many years ago. Sanford, Nathan. — He was a native of New York, and held successively the pub lic positions of Speaker of the New York Assembly, District Attorney of the United States for his State, United States Senator from 1815 to 1821, Chancellor of the State, and was again a Senator in Congress, from 1825 to 1831. He died on Long Island, in October, 1838. Sanford, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1303 to 1807. Sapp, William R. — He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1857. Sargent, Aaron A. — Was born in New buryport, Massachusetts, September 28, 1 827 ; early acquired a knowledge of the printing business ; emigrated to California in 1849 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854 ; and in 1861 was elected a Repre sentative, from Cahfomia, to the Thirty- seVenth Congress, serving as a member of the Select Committee on the Pacific Rail road, to which enterprise he was particu larly devoted. Saulsbury, Willard. — Was born iu Kent County, Delaware, June 2, 1820 : was educated at Delaware College and also at Dickinson College ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845 ; in 1850 he was appointed Attorney General of Delaware, and held the office five years ; and in 1859 he was elected a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1865, 330 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. serving on the Committees on Commerce, Pensions, and Patents and the Patent Office. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1861; and was re-elected to the Senate for the term com mencing in 1865 and ending in 1871. Saunders, Romulus M.— Born in Caswell County, North Carolina, March, 1791. He received an academical educa tion, and spent two years in the University of that State. He studied law in Tennes see, and was admitted to practice there in 1812. He returned to North Carolina; was in the House of Commons from 1815 to 1820, and for two years Speaker of the House. He was a Representative in Con gress from 1821 to 1827, and from 1841 to 1845. In 1828 he was Attorney General of the State ; in 1833 was President of the Board of Commissioners to settle the claims of American citizens under the treaty of July 4, 1831, with France ; in 1835 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court; in 1846 he was appointed, by Presideut Polk, Minister to Spain, where he re mained four years; on his return hewas again elected to the Legislature of North Carolina; after which he devoted much attention to the railroad improvements of the State. Savage, John. — He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1814; and from 1815 to 1819 a Representative in Con gress from that State. He subsequently held the positions of District Attorney, Comptroller of the State, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and Treasurer of the United States for New York. Savage, John H. — He is a native of Warren County, Tennessee. During his minority he volunteered as a private soldier under General Gaines to defend the Texan frontier ; also served during a campaign in Florida. He afterwards studied law, and commenced practice, in 1837, at Srnith- ville, Tennessee. He was elected Colonel of the Tennessee Militia; was elected by' the Legislature Attorney General of the Fourth District of his State in 1841, and held the office until 1847. During that year he received from President Polk the appointment of Major in the Fourteenth Regiment United States Infantry, and, joining the American army in Mexico, was present at the battles of Contreras, Churu- busco, and Molina del Rey, and was wounded at Chapultepec. Ho was pro moted to the position of Lieutenant Colo nel, and as such had command of his regi ment, after the death of Colonel Graham, until the close of the war. On returning to Tennessee, he resumed the practice of his profession ; and was first elected a Rep resentative in Congress in 1849; he was re-elected in 1851 ; declined being a candi date in 1853; and was re-elected in 1855 and 1857. He was a member of the Com mittee oh' Military Affairs. Sawtelle, Cullen. — He was born in Norridgewock, Maine ; graduated at Bow doin College in 18^5; studied law, and admitted to the bar in 1829; served eight years as Judge of Probate; was a State Senator during the years 1843 and 1844; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1849 to 1851. Sawyer, Lemuel. — Was born in Cam den County, North Carolina, in 1777; educated at Flatbush, New Y'ork; studied law ; was in the State Legislature in 1801, and voted in the Electoial College for Thomas Jefferson in 1304. Hewas elected a Representative, from North Carolina, to Congress in 1897, serving until 1813; and subsequently served in the same capacity from 1817 to ISii, and from 1825 to 1829. About the year 1850 he removed to Wash ington, and held a clerkship in one of the departments. Sawyer, Philetus. — He was born in Whiting, Addison Couuty, Vermont; re ceived a good common school aud business education; removed to Wisconsin, and de voted himself to the lumber trade; was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1857 aud 1861 ; in 1863 he was elected Mayor of Oshkosh, aud re-elected in 1864 ; and was elected a Representative, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and ou Invalid Pensions. Sawyer, S. T— He was born in North Caiolina; aud was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. He was appointed, by President Pierce, Collector of Customs at Norfolk, Virginia ; and was subsequently editor of the "Norfolk Argus." Died in New Jersey, November 29, 1665, aged sixty-five years. Sawyer, William. — Born in Ohio; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1849. Say, Benjamin.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1808 to 1809, for the unexpired term of Joseph Clay. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 331 Scales, Alfred M., Jr. — He was bom in Rockingham County, North Carolina, November 26, 1827 ; was educated chiefly at the Chapel Hill University ; adopted the profession of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1851 ; was elected to the Legis lature of North Carolina in 1852 and 1856 ; and in 1857 he was elected a Representa tive, from his native State, to the Thirty- fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1861. Scammon, John F. — Bom in Saco, Maine ; was bred a merchant ; served in the Massachusetts Legislature, as Repre sentative, during 1817, and in the Maine Legislature in 1820 and 1821 ; was Col- lecior of Customs at Saco from 1829 to 1841 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1845 to 1347; a State Senator in 1855; and Secretary and Treas urer of an Insurance Company at the time of his death, May 23, 1858. Schenck, Abraham H. — He was born in 1777; was a member of the New York Assembly iu 1804, 1805, and 1806 ; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1815 to 1817. He was among the first who engaged in the manufacture of cotton under the non-intercourse laws. Died in 1831. Schenck, Ferdinand S. — Born in Middlesex County, New Jersey, February 11, 1790; he received a common school education ; and, having studied medicine, was for many years devoted to the prac tice. In 1829 he was elected to the State Legislature, aud re-elected in 1830 and 1831 : and was a Representative in Con gress, from New Jersey, from 1833 to 1837. He was a member, in 1844, of the Con vention to revise the State Constitution, and was soon after elected a Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeal, which posi tion he held for eight years. Died at Cam den, May 17, 1360. Schenck Robert C. — Bom in Frank lin, Warren County, Ohio, October 4, , 18u9 ; graduated at Miami University in 1 827, where he remained one or two years as a tutor; he studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1831, and settled iu Dayton. In 1840 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature ; re-elected in 1842 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1843 to 1851, serv ing on many committees ; during the Thir tieth Congress as Chairman of the Com mittee on Roads and Canals. On his re tirement from Congress, he wasxappointed, by President Fillmore, Minister to Brazil* and during his residence in South America he took part in negotiating a number of treaties. On his return, in 1853, he be came extensively engaged in the railway business. During the troubles of 1861 he served as a Brigadier and Major General in the Union army, and in 1862 was elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress; and in 1865 he was appointed, by President Johnson, a member of the Board of Visitors to the West Point Academy, and was President of the Board. During his last term in Congress he served on the Committee on the Death of Presi dent 'Lincoln, and again at the head of the Committee on Military Affairs ; was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois ; and he was one of the Representatives designated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Schermerhoru, Abraham M. — He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1849 to 1853; and died in Rochester, New Y'ork, August 22. 1855. Schley, William. — Bom in Frederick City, Maryland, December 15, 1786. He received an academical education in Georgia; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Augusta in 1812; continued the. practice of his profession until 1825, when he was elected a Judge of the Su perior Court of the Middle District of Georgia. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1830 ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1833 to 1835 ; and during the two following years was Governor of Georgia. He published a "Digest of the English Statutes." He was, when Governor, one of the most active supporters of the Western and At lantic Railroad ; and at the time of his death was President of the Medical Col lege of Georgia. He died at Augusta, Georgia, November 20, 1858. Schoolcraft, John L. — He was born in Albany, New- York, and w-as all his life identified with that city as a merchant. He was for many years President of the Commercial Bank of Albany ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1849 to 1853. Died at St. Catharine's, Canada West, in May, 1 860. 332 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Schoonmaker, Cornelius C. — He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1791 to 1793, and was for four teen years, before and after the above term, a member of the New York Assembly from the County of Ulster. Schoonmaker, Marius. — Born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Schureman, James. — He was a promi nent man in New Jersey during the Revo lution, and was a graduate of Queen's College. He was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1789 to 1791, and from 1797 to 1799; a Senator in Congress from 1799 to 1801, when here- signed; and again a Representative from 1813 to 1815. He was also at one time Mayor of New Brunswick. He was also a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1786 and 1767. i Schureman, Martin G. — He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1805 to 1807. Schuyler, Philip. — Was a native of Albany, New York. He was appointed Major General in the army of the Revolution in 1775, and despatched to the fortifications in the north of New Y'ork to prepare for the invasion of Canada. By the loss of his health, the command soon devolved upon Montgomery. On his recovery he directed the operations against Burgoyne, and in consequence of the evacuation of Ticonde- roga he unreasonably fell under some suspicion and was superseded in command by General Gates. He afterwards rendered important services, though not in command. He was a Delegate to Congress previous to the present Constitution, and a Senator of the United States from 1789 to 1791, and again in 1797, but resigned. He died at Albany in 1804, aged seventy-three. Schuyler, Philip J. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1817 to 1819, and died in New York City, February 21, 1835, aged sixty-seven years. Schwarts, John. — Born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, October 27, 1793; received a common school education ; served as a Lieutenant in the last war with Great Britain; was engaged in mercantile pur suits from 1806 to 1829, and from that year to 1857 was wholly devoted to farming. He was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, but died before the expiration of his first session, in July, 1860. Scofield, Glenni W. — He was bom in Chautauque County, New York, March 11, 1817 ; graduated at Hamilton College in 1840, and removed to Warren, Pennsyl vania, where he was admitted to the bai rn 1643. In 1850 and 1851 he was a mem ber of the Stato Assembly, and from 1857 to 1859 he was in the State Senate. In 1861 he was appointed President Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial District of the State, and in 1802 he was elected a Repre sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty eighth Congress, serving onthe Committees of Elections and Expenditures in the War Department. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Unfinished Business. Scott, Charles L. — He was born in Richmond, Virginia, January 23, 1827 ; graduated at William and Mary College ; studied law, and formed a partnership with his father in the practice of his profession, at Richmond. In 1849 lie embarked, as a member of the Madison Mining and Trad ing Company, for California. In 1851 he abandoned the mines, and resumed the prac tice of law in Tuolumne County, California. He was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, from California, serving as amember of the Committees on Indian Affairs and on the Post Office and Post Roads. Scott, Gustavus. — He was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Con gress from 1764 to 1785. Scott, Harvey D. — He was born in Ohio, and, having removed to Indiana. was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fourth Congress from that State. Scott, John. — He was born in Hanover County, Virginia, in 1782 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1805 : moved with his parents to Indiana in 1302; settled at St. Genevieve, Missouri, in 1805 ; was a Dele gate to Congress, from the Territory of Mis souri, from 1816 to 1821, and a Representa tive in Congress, from the same State, from 1621 to 1827. Died at St. Genevieve in 1861 . Scott, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1831. Scott, John G— Was born iu Philadel phia, December 26, 1819; left that city when seventeen years of age to seek his fortune in the West; settled in Missouri. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 333 and for mauy years resided at the Iron Mountain ; engaged in the bu#ness of iron master, and developing the mineral re sources of the State ; and in 1862 he was, at a special election, elected^ Representa tive, from Missouri, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, in the place of J. W. Noell, de ceased. He ran for Congress at the regu lar election against Mr. Noell, aud was beaten by a small majority. His commit tee duties were rendered as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pen sions. Scott, John Morin. — He was a Dele gate from New York to the Continental Congress from 1760 to 1783. Scott, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1793 to 1795. Scranton, George W. — Born in Madi son, New Haven County, Connecticut, May 23, 1811 ; received a common school education; and when eighteen years of age removed to New Jersey. He subse quently removed to Pennsylvania, and en gaged in the iron and railroad business, having extensive interests at Oxford, New Jersey, and at Scranton, Pennsylvania ; he held the positions, severally, of Presi dent of the Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company and of the Cayuga and Susquehanna Railway Company; and in 1858 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Manu factures. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but died at Scranton, Pennsyl vania, March 24, 1861. Scudder, Nathaniel. — He., graduated at Princeton College in 1 751 ; was a Dele gate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779, and was one of the Signers of the Articles of Confedera tion. Died in 1781 . Scudder, John A. — He was a native of New Jersey ; a physician by profession ; served a number of years in the Assembly of his native State ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, for the unexpired term of James Cox, who died in 1810. Scudder, Treadwell. — He was for six years a member of the New York Assembly, and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1817 to 1819. Scudder, Zeno. — He filled with credit various public positions. He was President of the Massachusetts Senate, and a Repre sentative, in Congress from 1851 to 1854, when he was compelled, by failing health, to resign his seat. He was a good lawyer, enjoyed the confidence and respect of the community in which he lived, and died at Barnstable, Massachusetts, June 26, 1857. Scurry, Richardson. — Born in Ten nessee, and was elected a Representative iu Congress, from Texas, from 1851 to 1853. Seaman, Henry J. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Searing, John A. — Born in Queen's County, New- York, May 14, 1814. His father died when he was young, and he was educated at the common schools of New York by his grandparents. He was bred a farmer, held several public positions previously to his election as a member of the State Legislature in 1853, and was chosen a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and Accounts. Searle, James. — He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1778 to 1780. Seaver, Ebenezer. — Born in 1763; graduated at Harvard University in 1784 ; was a member of the State Legislature from 1794 to 1802; member ofthe State Con stitutional Convention of 1820 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1803 to 1813. He died in Roxbury, Massachusetts, March 1, 1844. Sebastian, William K. — Born in Ver^ non, Tennessee, and educated at Columbia College, iu that State. He settled as a lawyer in Arkansas in 1835, and was soon after appointed Prosecuting Attorney, and held the office until 1837; hewas Circuit Judge from 1840 to 1842, and was appointed in the latter year Supreme Judge. He was a State Senator, and President of the body in 1846, and Presidential Elector in 1848. He was a United States Senator from 1848 to 1853, again from 1853 to 1859, and re elected for a term of six years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and a member of the -Committee on Territories. Expelled July 11, 1861. Seddon, James A. — He was born in Virginia, and was elected a Representative 334 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1849 to 1851 ; was a member of the Rebel Government as mem ber of Congress in 1861, having previously been a Delegate to the Peace Congress of that year. In 1862 he became the Con federate Secretary of War. Sedgwick, C. B— Born in Pompey, New York, March, 1815; adopted the pro fession of law ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, sei-ving as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of that Committee. In 1863 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to look after certain naval affairs. Sedgwick, Theodore. — Was born at West Hartford, Connecticut, in May, 1746. He was educated at Yale College, but did not graduate. On leaving this institution, he commenced the study of theology, but soon relinquished it, and studied law, and was admitted to the bar before reaching the age of twenty-one. He commenced practice at Great Barrington, Massachu setts, then settled at Sheffield, and after wards at Stockbridge, in the same county. He was a zealous patriot in the Revolu tionary war. He was a member of- the Provincial Congress in 1785 and 1786; and a representative in Congress, after the adoption of the Constitution, from 1789 to 1796. He was a Senator of the United States from 1796 to 1798, and served as President pro tern, during one session. In ' 1799 he was again a member of the House, and was chosen Speaker. From 1 802 untii his death, he was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. He died at Bos ton, January 24, 1813. He received the degree of LL.D. from Princeton and Cam bridge. As a statesman and jurist he was highly valued by his country. His life was in an uncommon degree varied and active; his industry was unwearied, and an ardent enthusiasm was the basis of his character. Segar, Joseph E. — Bom in King Wil liam County, Virginia, June 1, 1804. In 1836 he was elected to the House of Dele gates of Virginia, and served a number of years ; was again elected to the same posi tion in 1848, and continued to serve almost uninterruptedly until the State rebelled against, the Union. After Eastern Virginia was restored to the Federal authority he- was elected a Representative, from Vir ginia, to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Selden, Dudley— Formerly a promi nent memoir of the New York bar, aud a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1835. He died in Paris, FraAe, November 7, 1855. Semmes, Benedict J.— Was born in Charles County, Maryland, Noveniber 1, 1789. He was bred to the profession of medicine, and graduated at the Medical School in Baltimore, about the year 1811. He settled in Piscataway, Maryland, where he acquired an extensive practice, but sub sequently relinquished his profession. In the year 1821 he was elected to the State Legislature; was again elected in 1825, 1827, and 1828, and during one session was chosen Speaker of the House of Dele gates. In 1821 he introduced and carried through a bill for removing religious tests, as applicable to office iu Maryland. In 1829 he was elected to Congress, and was re-elected in 1831, but his health soon after failing, he found it necessary to retire, at a time when there was no opposition to him in his district. He again served in tho State Legislature in 1842 and 1843, since which time he has lived in retirement ou his estate, in the County of Prince George. Semple, James. — He was born in Ken tucky, but emigrated to Illinois at an early age. He was elected to the Illinois Legis lature for six years, during four of which he officiated as Speaker of the House of Representatives. In 1833 le was elected Attorney General of the State ; appointed Charg6 d'Affaires to New Granada in 1837 ; elected one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the State in 1842; and was a Senator in Congress, from Illinois, from 1843 to 1847. Seney, Joshua.— He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1768, and a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1789 to 1792. Senter, William T— Born in Granger County, Tennessee, in 1802, and died there August 28, 1849. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State,' from 1843 to 1845. Sergeant, John. — He was born in Phila delphia in 1779 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1795; he was for a%hort time a clerk in a store, but studied law, aud was admitted to the bar in 1799. His first appointment was that of Prosecutor tor the Cominonwealth, which he held seveial years. He was for more than half a cen- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 335 tury known and honored for his extraordi nary ability in his profession of the law, for his habitual courtesy, his liberal fair ness, and his integrity. Elected to Con- fress, he served there from pi 5 to 1823, om 1827 to 1829, and from 1837 to 1842. He was especially famous for his part in the great Missouri Compromise of 1820. For the Panama Congress, Mr. Sergeant was selected by President Adams to repre sent the United States. The measures of international law which were proposed to be settled in that Congress were deemed so important, that Mr. Clay, the Secretary of State, had filled eighty pages of instruc tions to Mr. Sergeant on the subject. In 1832 Mr. Sergeant was the Whig candidate for Vice Piesident, being upon the same ticket with Hemy Clay. Forty-nine elec toral votes were cast for these candidates. At the outset of Harrison's administration, Mr. Sergeant was tendered the mission to England, which he declined. In the cause of charity he was never appealed to in vain ; and, for many years before his death, took an active interest in all the public affairs of his native city. He died in Philadel phia, November 23, 1852. Sergeant, Jonathan D. — He graduated at Princeton College m 1762 ; and was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Conti nental Congress in 1776 and 1777. Died in 1793. Settle, Thomas. — He was born in Rockingham County, North Carolina. He was a Representative in the State Legisla ture of that State iu 1815, and in 1826, 1827, and 1828, at which last session he was Speaker of the House of Commons He was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1821. In 1832 he was chosen Judge of the Superior Court of Law and Equity, and held the office for twenty years, when he resigned. He was highly esteemed for his many virtues. He died in Rockingham County, August 5, 18o7, aged sixty-five. Severance, Luther. — He was born in Montague, Massachusetts, October 28, 1797 ; and having been bred a printer, was the founder and editor of the Kennebec Journal from 1825 to 1849, and a Repre sentative in Congiess, from Maine, from 1843 to 1847. He was frequently a mem ber of the Maine Legislature — five years iu the Assembly, and two years iu the Sen ate — and, by President Taylor, was ap pointed Commissioner to the Sandwich Islands. He died of a cancer, January 25, 1855, at Augusta, Maine. Sevier, Ambrose H. — Born in Ten nessee in 1802. He had few early advan tages of education, but he relied on his own energies, and removed to the Terri tory of Aikansas, where, before the age of twenty-one, he was admitted to the bar as an attorney. He was first elected Cleik of the Legislature, and, so soon as he was eligible, was elected a member of that body, first in 1823, and again in 1825. From 1627 to 1836 he was a Delegate to Con gress from Arkansas ; and when the Terri tory became a State, in 1836, he was elected a Senator in Congress. He was Chairman, for many years, of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and afterwards of the Committee on Foreign Relations. He resigned his seat in the Senate in 1848, to accept the appointment, from President Polk, of a special mission to Mexico, to negotiate a peace. He possessed the unbounded con fidence of his constituents aud party. He died at Little Rock, December 21, 1848. Sevier, John. — A native of Tennessee. having been born in 1744 ; was an officer in the Revolutionary war, and distinguished himself iu the battle at King's Mountain, in 1780. For his services on that occasion, the Legislature of North Carolina, in 1813, voted him a sword. He commanded the forces which defeated the Creek and Chero kee Iudiais, in 1789. He was afterwards a General in the Provisional army; and from 1796 to 1801, and 1803 to 18U9, Gov ernor of Tennessee; he was a Representa tive in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1811 to 18)5, and was then appointed, by President Monroe, one of the Commission- eis to ascertain the boundary line of the Creek territory, and died while engaged in that service, at Fort Decatur, September 24, 1815. Sewall, Samuel. — Born in Boston, De cember 11. 1757. He graduated at Har vard College in 1776; was a lawyer by profession, and settled at Marblehead ; in 1796 was elected a Representative in Con gress, serving till 1800, and was distin guished in that body by his knowledge of commercial law; was a Presidential Elector in 1801. In 1800 he was placed upon the bench of the Supreme Court of Massac.hu- seits, and in 18l3 was appointed Chief Justice. He died at Wiscasset, June 8, 1814, wheie the gentlemen of the bar erected a monument to his memory. Seward, James L. — He was bom in Georgia, and bred a lawyer. He first en tered Congress, in 1853, as a Representa- 538 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. five from Georgia, and continued there to the close of the Thirty -fifth Congress, sen-- ing as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Seward, William H. — Born in Florida, Orange County, New Y'ork, May 16, 1801. He graduated at Union College in 1820; was admitted to the bar in 1822, and en tered upon the practice of his profession at Auburn, in his native State, the following year. In 1830 he was elected to the New York Senate for four years. In 1834 he was nominated by the Whig party their candidate for Governor of the State, but failed of an election. In 1838, however, on a second nomination for the same office, he was elected, and entered upon the dis charge of his duties in January, 1839. During the four years that he held that office he upheld the system of internal im provements, and devoted himself to reform ing and improving the system of public education. His plan for taking the man agement of the public schools in New Y'ork out of the hands of the Public School Society, and subjecting them to the control of the State, caused considerable feeling on tho subject at the time, and gave rise to an animated contest between the Protest ants, who maintained the existing system, and the Roman Catholics, who favored the change. On the expiration of his second term of office, Mr. Seward declined to be a candidate for re-election, and resumed the practice of his profession at Auburn in 1 843. He had an extensive practice, chiefly in the Federal courts.- In March, 1849, he was chosen United States Senator for six years, and took his seat at the extra session called to consider the nominations of Presi dent Taylor. He was re-elected in 1855, and held the position until he became Secretary of State under President Lincoln in 1861. In 1860 he was spoken of by a large party as a candidate for the Presi dency, and during that year made a pil grimage to Egypt aud the Holy Land. On the night of the assassination of President Lincoln, April 14, 1865, while confined to his bed by serious illness, an attempt was made to take the life of Mr. Seward also. The assassin, Payne, inflicted a severe wound with a knife, from the effects of which, after much suffering, he finals- recovered and resumed his duties in the Cabinet. Sewell James. — Was a Representa tive from Maryland in the Third Session of the Twenty-seventh Congress, for the un expired term of James W. Williams, de ceased. Seybert, Adam. — He was a citizen of Philadelphia, and a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 1815, and again from 1817 to 1819.' He died at Pufis, May 2, 1825, bequeathing $1,000 for educating the deaf and dumb, and $500 to the Orphan Asylum in Phila delphia. He was a man of science, and was particularly skilful as a chemist and mineralogist. He published Statistical Annals of the United States from 1789 to 1818. Seymour, David L. — He was bom in Connecticut; removed to New Y'ork, and in 1836 was a member of the State Legis lature ; was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1843 to 1845, and from 1851 to 1853. Seymour, Horatio. — Born in Litch field, Connecticut, May 31, 1778; gradu ated at Y'ale College in 1797; studied law at the Litchfield school, and settled in Mid dlebury, Vermont. He was a Judge of Probate, member of the Oouncil, and a Senator in Congress, from Vermont, from 1821 to 1833, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture. He died at Middlebury, November 21, 1857. Seymour, Origen S. — He was bom in Litchfield, Connecticut, in 1304 ; was bred a la wyer ; served in the State Legislature, and as Speaker in 1850; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1851 to 1855. He was subsequently chosen a Judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut, which office he held for eight years. Seymour, Thomas H. — He was born in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1808; was educated at the Middletown Military Acad emy; studied law, and practiced the profes sion in Hartford ; was, for several years, the editor of a leading party paper ; was a Judge of Probate ; a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845; in 1846 went to Mexico as a Major of the New England Regiment, which he commanded after the fall of Colonel Ransom; was with General Scott at the City of Mexico ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; and elected Governor of the State in 1850, and re-elected three times ; and was appointed, by President Pierce, Minister to Russia. Seymour, 'William. — He was born in Connecticut, served as a member of the New Y'ork Assembly in 1832 and 1834, and was a Representative, in Congress from 1835 to 1837. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 337 Shadwick, William. — He was a mem ber of Congress from North Carolina during the years 1796 and 1797. Shanklin, George S. — He was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty'-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lin coln and the District of Columbia. Shanks, John P. C. — Born in Martins- burg, Virginia, June 17, 1826 ; was for the most part self-educated; removed to In diana, where he studied law, and com menced practice in 1850 ; was elected to the Indiana Legislature in 1853 and 1854 ; and in 1 860 he was elected a Representa tive from Indiana to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, and on Agriculture. He visited the field of Bull Run, in July, 1861, as a spectator, but became a partici pant ; during the subsequent recess of Con gress he served in Missouri as a member of General Fremont's staff, performing some other military service until he resumed his seat in Congress in December, 1861. Shannon, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1826 to 1827. Shannon, Thomas B. — Bom iu West moreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1827 ; emigrated to Illinois in 1844 ; in 1849, to California ; from 1854 to 1861, was engaged in merchandising ; served four sessions in the California Legislature ; and in 1863 he w-as elected a Representative from Cali fornia to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was a member of the National Com mittee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Shannon, Wilson. — He was bom in Belmont County, Ohio, February 24, 1802; educated at Athens College, in Ohio, and Transylvania University, in Kentucky; adopted the profession of law, and in 1835 was Prosecuting Attorney for the State of Ohio; w'as elected Governor of Ohio in J 837, and again in 1842; by President Tyler was appointed Minister to Mexico in 1844 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1853 to 1855. In 1 855 he was appointed, by President Pierce, Governor of the Territory of Kansas. Sharpe, Peter. — He was a member of the Assembly of New York from 1814 to 1820, officiating a number of sessions as Speaker; he was also a member of the 22 State Constitutional Convention of 1821 ; a Representative in Congress from 1823 to 1825 ; and a member of the Tariff Conven tion held in 1827. Sharpe, Solomon P. — He was^bom in Virginia, but removed to Kentucky when a child ; he received a limited education, but studied law, and was admitted to the bar when nineteen years of age, and was successful; he served a number of years in the State Legislature; was Attorney General of the State ; and a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1813 to 1817. He fell by the hand of an assassin, while a member of the Legislature, in No vember, 1835, aged fifty-five years ; and a legislative reward of $3,000 for the arrest of the murderer was offered, but in vain. Sharpe, William. — He was a Delegate from North Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1782. Shaw, Aaron. — Born in Orange Coun ty, New York, in 1811 ; a lawyer by pro fession ; was State's Attorney for eight years in the Fourth Judicial Circuit of Illi nois ; and was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1849 and 1850. He w-as elected a Representative to the Thirty -fifth Congress, from Illinois, serving as a member of the Committee on the Militia. Shaw, Henry. — He was born in Wind ham County, Vermont; studied law with Judge Foot, in Albany, New York, and settled in practice in Lanesborough, Berk shire County, Massachusetts, at the age of twenty-two; he was nominated for Con gress before he was eligible, and was sub sequently elected, in 1816, to the Sixteenth Congress, and voted for the Missouri Com promise, which prevented his re-election. He was an intimate friend of Henry Clay, and was a personal friend and acquaint ance of ten of the Presidents of the United States. He was a member of the Massa chusetts Legislature for eighteen years, also a member 6f the Governor's Council, and was the pioneer in the manufacturing prosperity of Western Massachusetts. In 1833 he was also a Presidential Elector. In 1848 he removed to New Y'ork, and re sided at Fort Washington, on the Hudson ; was a member of the Board of Education in New York City, and two years in the Common Council, and in 1853 was a mem ber of the Assembly. He removed to Newburg in 1854, where he resided until within a few months of his death, which occurred at Peekskill, October 17, 1857, aged sixty-nine years. 338 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Shaw, Henry M.— He was born at Newport, Rhode Island, November 20, 1819; studied medicine, and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania ; removed to North Carolina, and was a State Sen ator in 1852, and a Representative from that State, in the Thirty-third and Thirty- fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committees on Manufactures and Revolu tionary Pensions. Shaw, Samuel. — lie was born in Digh ton, Massachusetts, in December, 1768, and removed to Putney, Vermont, at the age of ten years; he received a limited education ; commenced the study of medi cine at the age of seventeen, and in two years entered upon the practice of his pro fession at Castleton, Vermont, and became eminent as a surgeon. He entered early into politics, and was one of the victims of the Sedition Law ; for his denunciation of the administration of John Adams, he was imprisoned, and liberated by the people without the forms of law ; and in 1799 was returned as a member of the State Legisla ture. He was for some time a member of the State Council, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Vermont, from 1808 to 1813. He was a personal friend of Jef ferson and Madison, and gave his earnest support to the measures for the prosecution of the war. On his retirement from Con gress, he was appointed surgeon in the army, and removed to the city of New York; he was subsequently stationed at Greenbush, St. Louis, and at Norfolk, and held this office until 1816. As an in stance of his physical endurance, it may be mentioned that he, on one occasion, rodeonhorsebackfromSt. Louis, Missouri, to Albany, New Y'ork, in twenty-nine con secutive days. He died at Clarendon, Ver mont, October 22, 1327. Shaw, Tristam. — Born in New Hamp shire in 1787 ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843; and died at Exeter, New Hamp shire, March 14, 1843. Sheafe, James. — He was born in 1 755 ; was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1799 to 1801 ; a Senator in Congress in 1601 and 1802, re signing June, 1802 ; and died at Ports mouth, New Hampshire, in 1829. Sheffer, Daniel. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1 639. Sheffey, Daniel. — He was born at Fred erick, Maryland, in 1770; had a limited education ; was bred to the trade of a shoe maker, and settled in Augusta, Virginia ; he afterwards studied law, engaged in a lucrative practice, and frequently repre sented his county in the House of Dele gates. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Virginia, from 1809 to 1817, and took a high rank. His speech in favor of the renewal of the first Bank of the United States was a masterly production. He was opposed to the war of 1812. He died at his home, December 3, 1830. Sheffield, William P. — Was born at New Shoreham, (Block Island,) Newport County, Rhode Island, August 30, 1820. His education was obtained first at King ston Academy, and then from a private tutor ; studied law at Harvard University, and was admitted to the bar in 1844. In 1841 and 1842 he was elected to Conven tions called to frame a State Constitution ; in 1845 he was elected, from his native town, to the State Assembly ; removing his residence to Tiverton, he was again elected to the Assembly iu 1849, where he con tinued to serve until 1853, when he re signed his seat, and settled in Newport. That city he represented in the Assembly from 1857 to 1861, when he was elected a Representative, from Rhode Island, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as amem ber of the Committees on Commerce and on Foreign Affairs. Shellabarger, Samuel — Bom in Clark County, Ohio, December 10, 1817 ; grad uated at the Miami University, Ohio, in 1 641 ; adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the Ohio Legislature in 1652 and 1853 ; and was elected a Representa tive, from Ohio, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Ex penses in the Interior Department. In 1864 he was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections and Expenditures in the State Department, and the Special Committee on Civil Service, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Provost Marshal Bureau. Shepard, Charles B. — Born in New- bern, North Carolina, December 5, 1807 ; graduated at Chapel Hill in 1327; was elected to Congress in 1837, where he con tinued to serve until 1841 ; and died in October, 1843. Shepard, "William B. — Born in New- bern, North Carolina, in 1799 ; educated at Chapel Hill ; studied law, and became BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 339 eminent in his profession; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1827 to 1837, when he declined a re-election ; in 1 838 he was, elected to the State Senate, and served five terms. He died at Elizabeth City, June 20, 1852. Shepherd, WiUiam. — Born in Massa chusetts, December 1 , 1737 ; he served six years as a Captain in the Revolutionary army, and distinguished himself at William Henry and Crown Point ; in 1783 he was chosen a Brigadier General, having fought in twenty-two battles ; he was subsequently a Major General of militia ; and a Repre sentative in Congress from 1797 to 1803. Died at Westfield, Massachusetts, Novem ber 11, 1817. Shepley, Ether. — A Senator in Con gress, from Maine, from 1833 to 1836. He was born in Groton, Massachusetts, No vember 2, 1789 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1811 ; studied law, and com menced the practice in Saco, but subse quently settled in Portland ; he was in the Massachusetts Legislature in 1819 ; a mem ber of the Convention that formed the first Constitution of Maine in 1820 ; he was, for thirteen years, Attorney of the United States for Maine ; after leaving the Senate of the United States, he was chosen a Jus tice of the Supreme Court of Maine, and subsequently Chief Justice of the same, which latter position he held until 1855. While ou the bench he furnished the ma terials for twenty-six volumes of Reports, and, as sole Commissioner, was appointed to revise the statutes of Maine. He w-as Trustee of Bowdoin College, from which institution he received the degree of LL.D. Sheplor, Matthias. — Born in Pennsyl vania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1837 to 1839. Shepperd, Augustus H. — He was born in Surry County, North Carolina ; educated a lawyer ; served in the House of Commons from 1822 to 1826 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1839 ; again from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1851. Sherburne, John S. — He was born in New Hampshire ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1776 ; .attended the law school at Harvard ; was a Representative in Con gress, from New Hampshire, from 1793 to 1 797 ; was United States District Attorney in 1803, and Judge of the United States District Court from 1803 to 1830. He died in 1830, aged seventy-three years. Sheredine, Upton. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1791 to 1792. Sherman, John. — He was born iu Lan caster, Ohio, May 10, 1823 ; received a good education ; adopted the profession of law, and came to the bar in 1844. In 1848 and 1852 he was a Delegate to the Whig Conventions of those years ; in 1 854 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-fourth Congress ; re-elected to the Thirty -fifth ; and on being returned for the Thirty-sixth Congress, he was the Repub lican candidate for Speaker, and after an unprecedented contest, wanted only one or two votes to secure his election ; and du ring that Congress he was Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means. In 1860 he was elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, but in 1861, on the resignation of Senator Chase, he was chosen a Senator in Congress, for the term expiring in 1867, serving as Chairman of the Committees on Agriculture and on Finance, and as a member of those on the Pacific Railroad and the Judiciary. In January, 1866, he was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1867. Sherman, J. W. — He was born in New York, and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Unfinished Business. Sherman, Roger. — Born at Newton, Massachusetts, April 19, 1721. He had no advantages for education, yet he was eager in the pursuit of knowledge, and when apprenticed to a shoemaker, he often had a book open before him while at his work. In 1743 he removed to New Milford, Con necticut, carrying his tools upon his back ; he soon relinquished his trade, however, and was for a time engaged in mercantile pursuits. He afterwards studied law, and settled in New Haven, and was admitted to the bar in 1754. He was Judge of the County, Superior, and Supreme Courts for a period of twenty-three years; and a mem ber of the First Congress, in 1774, and continued a member for many years. He signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and also the Articles of Confedera tion and the Constitution. After the adop tion of the Constitution of the United States, in regard to which he took a prominent part, he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, and chosen a Senator in 1791, continuing in that sta tion till his death, July 23, 1793. He was a profound and sagacious statesman, an MO BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. able and upright judge, and an exemplary Christian. He was made Master of Arts by Yale College, and was Treasurer of that institution from 1766 to 1776. Sherman, Socrates H.— He was born in Vermont, and elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on En- penditures in the Interior Depai tment. Sherrill, Eliakim. — He was born in New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of the Committee on Manufactures. Sherwood, Samuel. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. Died in New York in November, 1862. Sherwood, Samuel B.— He was born in Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1786 ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1819, and died in 1833. Shiel, George X. — He was born in Ire land, and was elected a Representative, from Oregon, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. Shields, Benjamin G. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1841 to 1843. Shields, Ebenezer J. — Born in Geor gia, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1835 to 1839. Died May 20, 1846. Shields, James. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 1831. Died iu Butler County, Ohio, in 1831. Shields, James. — Was bom in County Tyrone, Leland, in 1810, and emigrated to America about 1826. He pursued his mathematical and classical studies until the year 1832, when he went to Illinois, and commenced the practice of law at Kas kaskia. In 1836 he was elected a member of the Illinois Legislature, and Auditor of the State in 1839. In 1843 he was ap pointed Judge of the Supreme Court ; and in 1845 Commissioner of the General Land Office. At the commencement of the Mex ican war he was appointed by President Polk a Brigadier General in the United States army, and, for his distinguished ser vices during the course of the war, was promoted to the rank of Brevet Major Gen eral. In 1848 he was appointed Governor of Oregon Territory, which he resigned. In 1849 he was elected to a seat in the United States Senate, for the term of six years, from the State of Illinois. He subsequently took up his residence in the Territory of Minne sota, and in 1857 was elected to represent the same in the Senate of the United States, when it became a State, in which position he served two years. During the troubles of 1861 he served as a General in the Union army. Shinn, William N. — He was born in New Jersey ; a farmer by occupation ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. Shipherd, ZebulonR. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1813 to 1815. Died in Moriah, Essex County, New Y'ork. Shippen, William. — Born in Pennsyl vania ; graduated at Princeton College in 1 754. Studied medicine in Edinburgh, and on his return in 1764 he began in Philadel phia the first course of lectures on anatomy ever delivered in America. He assisted in establishing the Medical School of Philadel phia, and was appointed one of its profes sors. In 1777 he was appointed Director General of the Medical Department in the army, and was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress, from 1778 to 1780. Died in 1808. Shorter, Eli S.— Born in Monticello, Georgia, March J 5, 1823; graduated at Y'ale Collegein 1843; was a lawyer by profession, but engaged in the planting business. He was elected a Representative, from Ala bama, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Com mittee on Indian Affairs. Showers, Jacob. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1653 to 1655. Sibley, Henry H.— He w-as horn in Feb ruary, 16J1, in Detroit, Michigan; spent much of his early life on the Northwestern frontier ; was for many years an Indian trader in the employ of the American Fur Company, at Mackinaw and Fort Snelling ; was a Delegate to Congress, from Minne sota Territory, from 1849 to 1853; and, having witnessed the progress of Minne sota from a wilderness to an organized BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 541 State, he was elected, in 1857, its first Gov ernor, serving a part of 1858. He was a Brigadier General of volunteers during the Rebellion, and commanded an expedition against the Minnesota Indians in 1863. He was the son of Solomon Sibley. Sibley, Jonas. — He was born in Sutton, Massachusetts, March 17, 1762; for thirty- five years held a variety of town offices ; from 1806 to 1823 was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature ; was an Elector for President in 1320 ; served again in both houses of the Legislature ; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1820; a member of Congress, from Wor cester County, Massachusetts, from 1823 to 1825 ; and died at Sutton, in that State, February 10, 1834, aged seventy -two years. Sibley, Mark H. — Born in Great Bar- rington, Massachusetts, in 1796, and re moved to Canandaigua, New York, in 1814. He studied law, and was distinguished as an advocate. He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1834 and 1835; a Representative in Congress, from 1837 to 1839; subsequently a State Senator ; and in 1846 a County Judge. He died in Canan daigua, New York, September 8, 1852. Sibley, Solomon. — He was born in Sutton, Massachusetts, October 7, 1769. He studied law, and removed to Ohio, in 1795, establishing himself first at Marietta, and then at Cincinnati, in the practice of his profession. He removed to Detroit in 1797, and in 1799 was elected to the first Territorial Legislature of the Northwestern Territory. He was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Michigan, from 1820 to 1823 ; in 1824 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court, and held the office until 1836, when he resigned in conse quence of increasing deafness. He died at Detroit, April 4, 1846. He was univer sally respected for his talents and manifold virtues. Sickles, Daniel E. — He was born in New York, in October, 1821 ; acquired the printer's trade, which he followed for some years ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1843 ; in 1847 he was elected to the Assembly of New York, and in 1856 to the State Senate. For a short time, when Mr. Buchanan was the American Minister in England, he was the Secretary of that legation ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; before the expiration of his first term, in February, 1859, he killed Philip Barton Key for " dishonoring his bed." His trial lasted twenty days, and he was acquitted. He served i n the army during the Rebellion, lost a leg in battle, and attained the rank of Major General. In 1866 he was ap pointed by President Johnson Minister Resident to the Netherlands, but declined. Sickles, Nicholas. — He was born iu Kindeihook, New York ; was a Represent ative in Congress, from 1835 to 1837 ; and died at Kingston, New York, May 13, 1845. Sill, Thomas H. — He was a native, of Connecticut ; a lawyer by profession ; and settled in the practice at Erie, Pennsylva nia, in 1812. He was a member of the Convention to revise the State Constitu tion; and a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1831, having served in the same capacity for an unexpired term in 1826. In 1825 and 1849 he was also a Presidential Elector. Silsbee, Nathaniel. — Born in Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1773, and died at Salem, Massachusetts, July 1 , 1850. He was a distinguished and successful mer chant, and frequently elected to the State Legislature, and was for three years Presi dent of the State Senate ; he served as a Representative in Congress, from 1816 to 1820; and was a Senator of the United States, from 1826 to 1835 ; also a Presi dential Elector in 1837. He was the firm supporter of the administration of John Quincy Adams, and when his term expired, Mr. Silsbee offered to vacate his seat in the Senate in his favor, but the ex-President declined the proposal. Silvester, Peter. — He was born in New York ; was a member of the Albany Com mittee of Safety in 1774, and of the New York Provincial Congress ; was a Judge of the Commou Pleas in 1776 ; and elected a member of the First . Congress under the Federal Constitution. He was subse quently a State Senator, and died at Kin deihook, January 30, 1845. Silvester, Peter H — He was born at Kindeihook, Columbia County, New York, February 17, 1807 ; graduated at Union College in 1827 ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1830 ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from New- York, from 1847 to 1851. Simkins, Eldred. — He was born in Edgefield District, South Carolina, August 29, 1779 ; was educated for the bar at 342 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Litchfield, Connecticut ; was partner of Mr. McDuffie; served frequently in the Legislature ; was Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina in 1812; a General of Militia ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from South Carolina, from 1817 to 1821. Died at Edgefield in 1832. Simmons, George A.— He was bom in New. Y'ork ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1816 ; served a number of years in the Assembly of that State ; and was elected a Representative in Congress to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses from that State. In 1852 he received from his Alma Mater the degree of LL.D., and died October 27, 1857, aged sixty-six years, at Keesville, New York. Simmons, James P. — Born in Little Compton, Rhode Island, September 10, 1795. His employments were farming and manufacturing; he was a member of the General Assembly from 1828 to 1841 ; elected to the United States Senate in 1841, for six years, to March 4, 1847 ; again chosen for another term, beginning March 4, 1857, but resigned in August, 1862, and served as a member of the Committees on Claims, on Patents and the Patent Office, and on Finance. During the Thirty- seventh Congress he was Chairman of the Committee on Patents. Died in Johnson, Rhode Island, July 10, 1864. Simms, William E. — Born in Ken tucky ; and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Militia. Simons, Samuel. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845 ; and died in Bridgeport, Connecticut, January 13, 1847, aged fifty- five years. Simonton, William. — He was a mem ber of Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1839 to 1843 ; and died at South Hanover, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1846. Simpson, Richard F.— He was bom in South Carolina ; and was a Representa tive in Congress from 1843 to 1847. He graduated at the University of South Caro lina in 1816 ; adopted the profession of law ; and before entering Congress had been a member of the Senate of his native State. Sims, Alexander D. — He was born in Brunswick County, Virginia, June 12, 1803 ; and died at Kingstree, South Caro lina, November 16, 1848. He went through a course of studies at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and finished his education at Union College, New York. He read and practiced law in Virginia; and, removing to South Carolina, taught an academy at Darlington Court House. In 1829 he commenced the practice of law in South Carolina, and became a prominent mem ber of the bar in that State. He had a taste for politics, and during the Nullifica tion times was active and decided ; and he was a member of Congress, from South Carolina, from 1845 to 1848. He also served in the State Legislature in 1840 and 1842. Sims, Leonard H. — Born in North Carolina ; and was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from Missouri, from 1845 to 1847. Singleton, Otho R.— Born in Jessa mine County, Kentucky ; graduated at St. Joseph College, Bardstown, Kentucky, and adopted the law as a profession; he was two years in the lower house of the Mississippi Legislature ; six years in the State Senate ; a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty -fifth Congress, from the same State, serving as a member of the Joint Committee on Printing. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Roads and Canals. Joined the Great Rebellion in 1861. Singleton, Thomas D.— He was elected to Congress, from South Carolina, in 1833, and while on his way to Wash ington to take his seat, in December, he died at Raleigh, North Carolina. Sinnickson, Thomas. — Born in Salem Count}-, New Jersey ; received a classical education, and was bred a merchant. He served in the Revolutionary War at the battles of Trenton and Princeton, in the capacity of Captain ; was for many years a member of the Council and Assembly of New Jersey, and the Presiding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; he was a Correspondent of the Committee of Safety during the Revolution ; and a Representa tive in the First Congress, after the adoption of the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1797 to 1799. Was a Presidential Elector in 1801. Sinnickson, Thomas. — Bornin Salem, New Jersey, December 13, 1786; received a common school education; commenced BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 343 active life as a merchant ; was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for twenty years ; a member of the New Jersey Legis lature ; Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals ; and a Representative in Con gress during the years 1828 and 1829. Sitgreaves Charles. — He was born in Easton, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1803 ; re ceived a liberal education ; adopted the profession of law and settled in New Jer sey ; was Major Commandant in the State military_service from 1828 to 1838 ; mem ber of the New Jersey Assembly in 1831 and 1833; was a member in 1834 of the Legislative Council; member and Presi dent of the same in 1835 ; member of the State Senate from 1852 to 1854 ; was made a Trustee of the State Normal School in 1855, which he vacated in 1864, when he was elected a Representative, from New Jersey, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Military Affairs. Other offices which he held were as fol lows: Mayor of Phillipsburg, in 1861, de clining a re-election ; President of the Bel videre and Delaware Railroad Company ; and President of the Bank at Phillipsburg. He was also one of the Representatives designated by the House*- to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Sitgreaves, John. — He was an officer in the war of the Revolution ; was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress, from North Carolina, from 1784 to 1785 ; in 1790 he was appointed Attorney General for that State, and soon afterwards was ap pointed Judge of the United States Dis trict Court for the district of North Caro lina. Died at Halifax, in March, 1801. Sitgreaves, Samuel. — He was born in Philadelphia ; liberally educated ; stud ied law, and settled in Easton, Pennsylva nia ; was a member, in 1790, of the Con stitutional Convention of the State ; was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1795 to 1798 ; and was then appointed, by President Adams, Commis sioner to treat with Great Britain. Died April 4, 1824. Skelton, Charles. — Bom in Pennsyl vania ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from New Jersey, from 1851 to 1855. Skinner, Richard. — He was born 'at Litchfield, Connecticut, May 30, 1788; and received his education at the celebrated law school of his native town ; he was ad mitted to the bar in 1800 ; and removed to Manchester, Vermont. In 1801 he was appointed State's Attorney for Bennington County, and in 1809 Judge of Probate ; and was elected a Representative in Con gress from 1813 to 1815; Judge of the Su preme Court in 1816 ; and Chief Justice in 1817. In 1818 he was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature, and was Speaker. He was Governor in 1820, 1821, and 1822; was reappointed Chief Justice in 1824, and resigned in 1829. He died at Man chester, May 23, 1833, much respected for his public services and private worth. He was President of the Northeastern Branch of the American Education Society ; was a member of the Board of Trustees of Middlebury College, from which institu tion he received the degree of LL.D. He was also interested in various local benevo lent associations. Skinner, Thompson J., Jr. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Mas sachusetts, from 1796 to 1799, and again from 1803 to 1805; in 1804 he was ap pointed, by President Jefferson, Commis sioner of Loans. Slade, Charles. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Illinois, from 1833 to 1834 ; and died in July of the same year, on his return from Washington, in Knox County, Indiana, after an illness of only twenty-four hours. Slade, William. — Born in Cornwall, Vermont, May 9, 1786 ; graduated at Mid dlebury College in 1807 ; and, having studied law-, was admitted to the bar in 1810. In 1813 he was a Presidential Elector. From 1814 to 1816 he published and edited the " Columbian Patriot, " and at the same time kept a book-store; in 1815 he was elected Secretary of State, which office he held eight years, during six of which he officiated as Judge of the Addison County Court ; and was sub sequently State's Attorney for the same County. From 1823 to 1829 he was a clerk in the State Department at Washing ton. His service in Congress, as a Rep resentative from Vermont, was from 1831 to 1 843. On his retirement from Congress ' he was elected Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Vermont, which office he held one year ; and in 1844 he was chosen Governor of Vermont. He was subsequently made Secretary of the National Board of Popular Education, having for its object the furnishing of the West with teachers from the East. In 1823 he published the "Vermont State Papers;" in 1825 the " Statutes of Ver mont;" and in 1644 a volume of "Ver- 344 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. mont Reports." He died at Middlebury, Vermont, January 18, 1859. Slaymaker, Amos. — He was born in the London Lands, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, March 11, 1755; received a good common school education ; served as a soldier in the Revolutionary army ; paid much attention to farming, and officiated as a magistrate ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, during a part of the Thirteenth Congress, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of James Whitehill. He died in Salisbury, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, June 12, 1837. Slidell, John. — Born in New York about the year 1793, and on reaching the age of manhood removed to New Orleans, where - he established himself as a lawyer, and practiced his profession with success. He was appointed, by President Jackson, United States District Attorney ; was fre quently elected to the Legislature of Lou isiana ; was a Representative in Congress, from 1843 to 1845 ; while in Congress he was appointed, by President Polk, Minister to Mexico ; and in 1853 was elected to the United States Senate for the unexpired term of Senator Soule, and was re-elected for six years, and was Chairman of the Committee on the Condition of the Banks, and a member of the Committees on Naval Affairs and Foreign Relations. He with drew and became identified with the Rebel lion of 1861. He went to France as a Minister from the Rebel Government; was captured by the San Jacinto, on his pas sage out; imprisoned in Fort Warren, and after being released took up his residence in Paris. Slmgerland, John I. — He was born in Albany County, New Y'ork, March 1, 1804 ; received a good common school education ; and as a business, has devoted nearly his whole life to agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the New York Legisla ture in 1S43, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York* from 1647 to 1849. Sloan, A. Scott. — Born in Morrisville, Madison County, New Y'ork, in 1820; adopted the profession of law ; in 1847 was elected Clerk of Madison County; re moved to Wisconsin in 1854; elected to the Wisconsin Legislature in 1856; ap pointed a Circuit Judge in 1858; and in 1860 was elected a Representative, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Terri tories. Sloan, Ithamar C. — Born in Madison County, New York ; received a common school education; adopted the profession of law; removed to Wisconsin in 1854; in 1858 and 1860 he was chosen District At torney of Rock County ; and in 1862 was elected a Representative, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands, and also that on Expenses in the War Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln, Claims, and Expenses of the War Department. Sloan, James. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1803 to 1809; a resident of Gloucester County, and a member of the Society of Friends. Died in New Jersey, in Novem ber, 1811. Sloane, John. — Bom in York Penn sylvania, but removed to Ohio, while yet a Territory. He was elected a member of the General Assembly in 1804, and in 1805 and 1806 was Speaker. He was a Receiver of Public Moneys at Canton, from 1808 to 1816, and afterwards at Wooster, until 1819, when he was elected to Congress as a Representative, continu ing a member until 1829. He was Clerk of the Common Pleas for seven years, Secretary of State for three years, and Treasurer of the United States under Pres ident Fillmore. He was a Colonel ot Militia during the War of 1812, and died in Wooster, May 15, 1856, aged seventy- seven years. Sloane, Jonathan. — He was born in Massachusetts, and having settled in Ohio, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. Slocum, Jesse. — Was a Representa tive in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1817 to 1820, and died in Washington before the expiration of his term, December 20 of the latter year. Smart, Ephraim K. — Bom at Prospect, (now Searsport,) Maine, in 1813. He was thrown upon his own resources to obtain means of education, which he received at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary. After tho study of law for three years, he was ad mitted to the bar in Camden. He was appointed Postmaster in 1838, and in 1841 was elected State Senator. In 1842 he was aid to the Governor, with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, and was re-elected to the Senate the same year. In 1843 he BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 345 went to Missouri, and practiced law, as an attorney and counsellor and solicitor in Chancery ; but returned to Camden, and was again Postmaster in 1845. He was a Representative, from Maine, in Congress, from 1847 to 1849, and from 1851 to 1853. From 1853 to 1858 he was Collector at Belfast. In 1854 he established the Maine Free Press, and was its editor three years ; and in 1858 returned to the practice of law in Camden, and in September of that year was again elected to the Legislature. Smelt, Dennis. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Georgia, from 1806 to 1811. Smilie, John. — He was bom in Ireland, but emigrated to this country when young ; held many civil and military positions during the Revolution ; served in the Legis lature of Pennsylvania, his adopted State, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1793 to 1795, and again from 1799 to 1813. In 1797 he was a Presidential Elector. Died in Washing ton, December 30, 1813, aged seventy-six years. Smith, Albert. — Born in Hanover, Plymouth County, Massachusetts, January 3, 1793 ; graduated at Brown University in 1813; admitted to the bar in 1816; removed to Maine in 1817; and was sent to the General Court of Massachusetts in 1820 ; was for many years a Postmaster in Maine ; from 1830 to 1838 he was Marshal of the United States for Maine ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1839 to 1841; and in 1842 he was appointed the United States Commissioner to settle the North eastern Boundary, under the Ashburton Treaty, which business was completed in 1847. Smith, Albert. — He was born in New York, and was a member of the New York Assembly, from Genesee County, in 1842, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Smith, Arthur. — Born in the County of Isle of Wight, Virginia, November 15, 1785 ; was educated at the CoUege of Wil liam and Mary ; served with credit at the head of a militia force at Norfolk, in 1812; was a member of the Privy Council of Virginia, and subsequently a member of the State Legislature ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1821 to 1825. He was a lawyer by profession, but never practiced. Died in Virginia, March 30, 1853. Smith, Ballard. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1815 to 1821. Smith, Bernard. — He was bprn in Morristown, New Jersey, and was a Re presentative in Congress, from his native State, from 1819 to 1821, when he was ap pointed, by President Monroe, Register of the Land Office in Arkansas. Smith, Caleb B. — He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, April 16, 1808 ; emigrated with his parents to Ohio in 1814 ; and was educated at the Cincinnati College and Miami University; adopted the profession of law, and settled in In diana ; in 1832 he established and edited a Whig journal called the Indiana Sentinel ; in 1833 he was elected a member of the Legislature ; re-elected in 1 834, 1835, and 1836, during the latter year officiating as Speaker ; in 1847 and 1848 he was a mem ber of the Board of Fund Commissioners ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1843 to 1 849. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1840 and 1856 ; and after leaving Congress, in 1849, he was appointed, by President Taylor, one of the members of the Board for In vestigating the Claims of American citizens against Mexico. He subsequently prac ticed his profession in Cincinnati, Ohio ; and in 1861 was appointed Secretary of the Interior Department, by President Lincoln. He was also a member of the Peace Congress held in Washington in February, 1861. In December, 1862, he resigned the office of Secretary, and was appointed Judge of the United States Dis trict Court for the District of Indiana. Died January 8, 1864. Smith, Daniel. — He was one of the earliest emigrants to Tennessee ; a General of Militiaj and a Senator in Congress, from Tennessee, during the years 1796 and 1799, and again from 1805 to 1809. He died in July, 1818. Smith, Delazon. — Was born in New- Berlin, Chenango County, New Y'ork; graduated at the Oberlin Collegiate In stitute, of Ohio, in 1837; he studied law, but becoming a writer for the press, was associated with the Rochester True Jeffer- sonian, in New York, and the Western Empire, in Dayton, Ohio ; he was ap pointed, by President Tyler, Special Com missioner to Quito ; in 1846 he removed to Iowa Territory, where he remained until 1852, when he emigrated to Oregon Terri tory ; in 1854 he was elected to the Assem- 346 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. bly of Oregon, and re-elected in 1855 and 1 856 ; he was a member of the Convention in 1857 which formed a State Constitution: and in July, 1858, he was chosen one of the Senators in Congress for the prospective State, and took his seat as such in Febru ary, 1859. Died in Portland, Oregon, No vember 17, 1860. Smith, Edward Henry. — He was born at Smithtown, Long Island, in 1809 ;_ re ceived a good common school education ; was bred a farmer, to which occupation he has devoted his whole life; and in 1860 was elected a Representative, from New Y'ork, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Agriculture, and Expenditures in the Post Office Depart ment. Smith, F. O. J. — He was born in Mas sachusetts ; bred to the law ; was elected to the Assembly of Maine in 1831 ; was President of the State Senate in 1833 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1833 to 1839. Of late years he has been much interested in telegraph and railroad enterprises. Smith, George. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 1813. Smith, Gerrit. — Born in New Y'ork, and w-as a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Smith, Green Clay. — Bom in Rich mond, Kentucky, July 2, 1830; gradu ated at Transylvania University in 1849, and in the Law Department of the same institution in 1852 ; was a School Com missioner from 1853 to 1857, establishing a great number of schools ; served as Second Lieutenant in the Mexican war ; after the breaking out of the Rebellion, in 1861, he had command of the Fourth Kentucky Cavalry ; and was elected to the State Legislature ; was appointed a Brigadier General in 1862, and subsequently pro moted to the rank of Major General ; was present at the battle of Ball's Bluff and about fifty other engagements ; and in 1863 he was elected a Representative, from Ken tucky, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committees of Elections, and on the Militia. His commission as Gen eral he resigned on the 1st December, 1863. He was a Delegate to the Baltimore Con vention of 1864. His father, John Speed Smith, was also in Congress. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln and Public Expenditures, as Chair man of the Committee on the Militia, and as a member of the Committee on Debts of the Loyal States. He was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lin coln to Illinois. In 1866, while still in Congress, he w-as appointed Governor of Montana, by President Johnson. Smith, Isaac. — He was a graduate of Princeton College in 1755, and a tutor in that institution ; a Representative in Con gress, from New Jersey, from 1795 to 1797 ; was appointed, by President Washington, in the latter year, a Commissioner to treat with the Seneca Indians ; and was a Judge of the Superior Court of New Jersey. He died in 1807. Smith, Isaac. — He was a native of Pennsylvania, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1815. Smith, Israel. — Born in Connecticut, April 4, 1759. He graduated at Yale Col lege in 1781, studied law, and settled at Rupert, Vermont. He subsequently set tled at Rutland, and was sent to the State Legislature from that town. He was a Representative in Congress from 1791 to 1797, again in 1800, and a Senator in Con gress during the years 1801 and 1802, and from 1803 to 1807, when he resigned. He was a Presidential Elector in 1809; and also appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1797, and was Governor of Vermont in 1807. He died December 2, 1810. Smith, James. — He was born in Ire land in 1713, but came to America when a boy ; he received a classical education and studied law in Lancaster, Pennsylvania; became interested in iron works and emi nent in his profession ; on the approach of war he took an active part in public affairs ; he raised a company and commanded it in the field, and was made a Colonel ; also took an active part in raising additional troops. He was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from 1776 to 1778 ; a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; in 1780 he entered the State Legislature, and after retiring from that office he devoted his whole attention to the practice of his profession. Died July 11, 1806. Smith, James S. — He was born in Orange County, North Carolina, and was educated for the medical profession ; served in the Legislature of North Carolina in BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 34'7 1821 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1817 to 1821. Smith, Jedediah K. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1807 to 1809; and from 1822 to 1825 he held the office of Judge and Chief Judge of the Court of Common Pie as for Hillsborough County; from 1810 to 1814 he was also a State Councillor; and died in 1828, aged fifty-eight years. Smith, Jeremiah. — Bom in Peter borough, New Hampshire, and graduated at Rutgers College, New Jersey, in 1780, and also received, from Harvard College, the degree of Doctor of Laws. He was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, in 1791, and continued there till 1797, being one of the last survivors of the distinguished men who participated with Washington in the administration of the government. He was appointed, by John Adams, in 1801, a Judge of the United States Circuit Court, but did not serve, as the office was soon afterwards abolished by Congress. He was chosen Governor of New Hampshire in 1 809 ; served as a Presi dential Elector in 1809, and was for several years Chief Justice of the Superior Court of the State. His extraordinary mental endowments not only remained unimpaired, but even shone forth brightest when he was near the close of his long life. Few persons have been more widely known as statesmen and jurists, or have left be hind them a more enduring reputation. His acquaintance with books was extensive, and his literary taste remarkably correct and pure. He was highly esteemed, not only as a lawyer and judge, but for his eminent social qualifications, and for all the attributes of a great and good man. He was a devoted friend of Daniel Web ster, and died at Dover, New Hampshire, September 21 , 1843. Smith, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1799 to 1804; from 1804 to 1813 he was a Senator in Congress ; and was appointed, in the latter year, by President Madison, United States Marshal for New York. He died in 1816. Smith, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1801 to 1815. Smith, John. — He was bom in 1735 ; was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 1803 to 1808, when he resigned. Died in July, 1816. Smith, John. — He was bom at Banc, Massachusetts, in August, 1789 ; received a limited education, and removed in early life to St. Albans, Vermont, where he was admitted to practice as a lawyer in 1810. He represented St. Albans in the Legis lature for nine successive years, and was elected State's Attorneyof Franklin County in 1826, and served six years. In 1831, 1832, and 1833, he was Speaker in the General Assembly. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1839 to 1841, after which he resumed the prac tice of his profession. In 1846 he became enlisted in important railroad projects, and was so engaged at the time of his sudden death, which occurred at St. Albans, No vember 20, 1858. He received the degree of A.M. from Middlebury College and the University of Vermont. Smith, John B. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1853 to 1855. * Smith, John Cotton. — He was born in Sharon, Connecticut, February 12, 1765, and graduated at Yale College in 1783. He studied law, and was admitted to prac tice, in Litchfield County, in 1786. He was a member of the General Assembly in 1793, and from 1796 to 1800 was a member of the Lower House, and in 1799 was elected Speaker. He was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1800 to 1806; was a Presidential Elector in 1809 ; and was again a member of the Legislature until 1 809, when he was cho sen a member of the Council. He also held the several offices of Governor of Con necticut, from 1812 to 1817, Lieutenant Governor, and Judge of the Superior Court. He received the degree of LL.D. from Yale College ; was a member of the Northern Society of Antiquaries in Copenhagen ; also of the Connecticut Historical Society, and of various religious associations. He died at Sharon, Connecticut, November 7, 1845, and had devoted the latter years of his life to agricultural and literary pursuits. Smith, John Speed. — Was born in Jessamine County, Kentucky, July 31, 1792; served as a soldier under General Harrison, and was at the battle of Tippe canoe ; was aide-de-camp to the same Gen eral at the battle of the Thames, in 1813. In 1819 he was elected to the Legislature of Kentucky; and was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1821 to 1823. In 1827 he was again elected to the State Legislature, and made Speaker of the House'; and subsequently served several 348 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. terms both in the House and Senate. _ By President Jackson he was appointed United States Attorney for the District of Kentucky; was at one time a Commis sioner to the Legislature of Ohio, on a mis sion of local interest ; and also Superin tendent of Public Works in Kentucky for several years. Died in Madison County, Kentucky, June 6, 1854. Smith, John T— He was born in Pennsylvania, and elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845, and was a member of the Com mittee on Expenditures in the State De partment. Smith, Jonathan B.— He graduated at Princeton College in 1760 ; was a Dele gate, from Pennsylvania, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1777 to 1778, and was a signer of the Articles of Confedera tion. Smith, Josiah. — He was born at Pem broke, Massachusetts, in 1745 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1774 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Mas sachusetts, from 1801 to 1803. On his re turn from Washington, in March, 1803, he took the small-pox in New York, and died at home before the close of the month. Smith, Melancthon. — He was a Dele gate from New York to the Continental Congress, from 1765 to 1788. Smith, Merewether. — He was a Dele gate from Virginia to the Continental Con gress, from 1778 to 1782. Smith, Nathan. — Hewas born at Rox bury, Connecticut, in 1770 ; received his professional education at the Law School in Litchfield ; was a member of the Con vention that formed the State Constitution ; for many years State's Attorney for the County of New Haven ; frequently in the State Legislature, and for several years United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut. He was also a Delegate to the Hartford Convention in 1814. He rep resented his native State in the Senate of the United States, from 1833 to 1835. He was long known as an eminent lawyer, re spected for his integrity and ability. He died at Washington, District of Columbia, December 6, 1 836. Smith, Nathaniel. — He was born in Woodbury, Connecticut, January 6, 1762. His education was limited, but he obtained distinction by the energy of his talents. He studied law, and settled in practice in his native town, in 1789. He was for many years a member of the State Legis lature, having served in both Houses. He was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1795 to 1799. In 1806 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and held the office until 1819. His legal knowledge was extensive, and he was greatly esteemed for his integrity and piety. He died March 9, 1822. Smith, Oliver Hampton. — He was born near Trenton, New Jersey, October 23, 1794, and died at Indianapolis, Indiana, March 19, 1859, having, from 1817 and the balance of his life, been honorably identi fied with the public history of that State. He studied law, and in 1824 he was Prose cuting Attorney for the Third District of Indiana. He was elected to the State Le gislature in 1822 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1827 to 1829; and a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1843. He was the author of a work giving his "Recollections of Congressional Life, " originally published in the Indianapolis Journal. When in the Senate he was Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, and he subsequently devoted much attention to ^he internal affairs of his adopted State. Smith, Perry. — Born in Washington, Connecticut ; attended the Litchfield Law School, and settled in NewMilford in 1807. He was a State Representative for four years, Judge of Probate for two years, and a Senator in Congress, from 1837 to 1843. He died in New Milford in 1852. Smith, Richard. — He was a Delegate, from New Jersey, to the Continental Con gress, from 1774 to 1776. Smith, Robert. — Born in Peterborough, New Hampshire, June 12, 1802, and re ceived a limited education. He was a farmer by occupation until he attained his twentieth year, but subsequently engaged in manufacturing and merchandising. Re moving to Illinois in 1832, he served in the Illinois Legislature from 1836 to 1840 ; was Enrolling and Engrossing Clerk of the House of Representatives of Illinois, from 1840 to 1843, and was then elected to Con gress, and served till March 4, 1849, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, being Chairman of the Committee on Mile age. Of late years he has taken an active part in organizing the railroads in his adopted State. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 349 Smith, Samuel. — He was bom in Lan caster County, Pennsylvania, July 27, 1752. He was a distinguished merchant of Baltimore, and contributed largely to the advancement of that city, of which he was once Mayor. He rose from the rank of Captain to that of Brigadier General in the Revolutionary war. In 1776 he was a member of the Convention for framing the Constitutiorl of Maryland ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1793 to 1803, and again from 1816 to 1822 ; and a Senator in Congress from 1803 to 1815, and again from 1822 to 1833, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Finance. During a part of the Ninth and Tenth Congresses, he officiated as Presi dent pro tern, of the Senate. He died sud denly, at Baltimore, April 25, 1839. Smith, Samuel. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805 to 1809. Smith, Samuel. — Born in 1767, in Pe terborough, New Hampshire; held many public positions ; was for many years a manufacturer of paper ; and a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1815. He died in 1842. Smith, Samuel A. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Bucks County, Penn sylvania, from 1829 to 1833, serving, during his second term, on the Committee on Ag riculture. Smith, Samuel A. — He was born in Monroe County, Tennessee, June 26, 1822. He lost his father when quite young, and, with limited opportunities for attending school, spent the most of his time on a farm until he became of age. At that time he began to attend school in earnest, and at the end of three months became a teacher, and for two years alternately at tended and taught school in his native county. He also taught school, for awhile, during ten months that he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845. During that year he was elected Attorney Gen eral for the Third Judicial District of Tennessee, which office he held until 1848. He was a Delegate to the National Con vention of that year held at Baltimore, and was soon afterwards elected a Presidential Elector, and was again chosen an Elector in 1852. In 1850 he took a deep interest in the affairs of the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad ; and he was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con gresses, and was Chairman of the Joint Committee on Printing. In 1859 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Com missioner of the General Land office, and resigned in February, 1860. Smith, Thomas. — He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1780 to 1782. Smith, Thomas. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 to 1817. Smith, Thomas. — Born in Pennsylva nia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1847. Smith, Truman. — He was born in Rox bury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, November 27, 1791 ; graduated at Y'ale College in 1815; he studied law-, and was admitted to the bar in 1818; hewas elected to the State Legislature in 1831, and re elected in 1832 and 1834 ; in 1839 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and re-elected in 1841, and 1845, and 1847; he was also a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; in 1 849 he took his seat in the United States Senate for a full term of six years, resign ing in 1854. Of late years he has been en gaged in the practice of his profession in New York City, and was appointed, by President Lincoln, Judge of the Com't of Arbitration iu New York, under the Treaty with Great Britain of 1862. Smith, William. — He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Mary land, from 1777 to 1778, and a Represent ative under the Constitution, from 1789 to to 1791, when he was appointed, by Pre sident Washington, Auditor of the Treasury. Smith, William. — Hewas a Represent ative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1789 to 1799, and resigned oil being appointed United States Minister to Por tugal, by President John Adams. Smith, William. — He was born in North Carolina, in 1762 ; emigrated to South Carolina, and was educated at Mount Zion College. He studied law-, and came to the bar in 1792. He was a Sen ator in Congress, from that State, from 1816 to 1823, and again from 1826 to 1831, offi ciating on two occasions as President pro tern, of the Senate. In 1837 he received the electoral vote of Virginia for Vice Pres ident of the United States. He served in 350 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. the Legislature of South Carolina, and was Judge of the Superior Court of that State. He was a distinguished supporter of the doctrine of State Rights. He was offered a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of the United States, but declined it. He spent the latter years of his life in Alabama, and died at Huntsville, in July, 1840. Smith, William. — Was bom in Ches terfield, Virginia, and was a Representa tive, from that State, to the Nineteenth Congress. Smith, William. — Bora in King George County, Virginia, September 6, 1797. After prosecuting his studies at Piainfield Academy, in Connecticut, and at private schools in Virginia, he studied law, and commenced the practice in 1818. Soon after he was the means of establishing a line of post coaches through Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia, by which he made a fortune ; and in 1836 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected in 1340. He was a Representative in Con gress during the term of 1842 and 1843; in 1845 he was elected Governor of Vir ginia for three years ; and in 1853 was re elected a Representative in Congress, in which position he continued until the breaking out of the Rebellion in 1861. He was Chairman of the Special Committee on the Laws of Public Printing, and a member of the Committee on Territories, in the Thirty-sixth Congress. He subsequently served as a Brigadier Genera! in the Vir ginia army, and was wounded at Antic- tam. Smith, William N. H— Born in Mur- freesboro', Hertford County, North Caro lina, September 24, 1812; graduated at Y'ale College in 1634 ; studied law in New Haven for two years, and was admitted to the bar in 1.839 ; in 1840 he was elected a member of the State House of Commons ; in 1848 to the State Senate; before the ex- \ piration of his senatorial term he was chosen Solicitor of the First Judicial Dis trict, holding the office for eight years ; in 1658 he w-as re-elected to the House of i Commons, but resigned his seat ; and was elected a Representative, from North Caro lina, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Com merce. He took part in the Rebellion of 1361 as a member of the so-called Conf'ed- rate Congress. Smith, William R. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Alabama, his native State, from 1-51 to 1*55, where he acquired reputation by making a demon stration against Kossuth. He has chiefly devoted himself to literature and law, and has had a seat on the bench of Alabama. Smith, William S. — He graduated at Princeton College in 1774 ; was for three years a member of the New York Assembly ; and a Representative iu Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1816. Smithers, Nathaniel B. — He was born in Dover, Delaware, October 8, 1818 ; graduated at Lafayette College, Pennsyl vania, in 1836; studied law, aud came to the bar in 1840 ; was Clerk of the Dela ware House of Representatives in 1845 and 1847 ; in January, 1863, he was ap pointed Secretary of State for Delaware, which position he resigned ; and was elected a Representative, from Delaware, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee of Elections. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. Smyth, Alexander. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 1825, and again from 1827 to 1830. Died April 17, 1830, in Washington, aged sixty-five years. Smyth, George W. — Born in North Carolina, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Texas, from 1853 to 1855. ! Sneed, William H. — He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to ! 1857. Snodgrass, John Fryall. — Born in Berkeley County, Virginia, March 2, 1804; [ was a lawyer by profession, and practiced in Parkersburg, Virginia. He was a mem ber of the Virginia Constitutional Conven tion assembled at Richmond in 1850, and w-as a Representative in Congress from 1853 until his death, which occurred while trying a case in court, in Parkersburg-, June 5, 1654. S Snow, William W. — He was born in Massachusetts, and, having removed to New Y'ork, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-second Con gress. Snyder, Adam W.— Born in 1801 ; frequently served in the State Legislature of Illinois ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 351 1839. He was a candidate for Governor of the State at the time of his death, which occurred at Belleville, Illinois, May 14, 1842. Snyder, John. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committee on the Militia. Sollers, Augustus R— Born in Mary land, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1853 to 1855. Somes, Daniel E.— He was a Repre sentative, from Maine, in the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Public Expenditures. He was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861. Soule, Nathan. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833. He was also a member of the State Assembly, from Onondaga, in 1837. Soule, Pierre. — Born at Castillon, in the Pyrenees, during the First Consulate of Napoleon. He was destined for the church, and in 1816 was sent to the Jesuits' College at Toulouse. He was afterwards sent to complete his studies at Bordeaux. At the age of fifteen he took part in a con spiracy against the Bourbons, and, the plot having been discovered, he was obliged to take refuge in a little village of Navarre, where he remained for more than a year, following the occupation of a shepherd. He was permitted to return to Bordeaux ; but he longed for a more exciting scene of action, and accordingly repaired to Paris. Here, in conjunction with Barthelemy and Mery, he established a paper advocating liberal republican sentiments. This soon brought him under the eye of the authori ties, and he was put upon his trial. His advocate appealed to the clemency of the court in behalf of the prisoner on the score of his youth. This line of defence did not suit the prisoner, who rose from his seat and addressed the court, denying the criminality of his opinions and conduct. His eloquence did not save him from St. Pelagie, whence he succeeded in making his escape to England. Disappointed in his expectations of obtaining a situation in Chili, which had been promised him, and finding himself alone in a strange country, wholly ignorant of the language, he re turned to France. At Havre he met a friend, a captain in the French navy, who advised him to seek an asylum in the United States, and offered him "¦ passage in his ship as far as St. Domingo. He ac cepted the proposition, and arrived at Port- au-Princelin September, 1825. From this place he took passage to Baltimore, and finally removed to New Orleans, in the fall of 1825. Having determined to make the law his profession, he first applied himself assiduously to the study of English, and passed his examination for the bar in that language, and was admitted. In 1847 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Lou isiana, to fill a vacancy, and was re-elected in 1849 for the term of six years, but re signed in 1853. In 1 853 he was appointed by President Pierce Minister to Spain. In 1862 he was arrested in New Orleans for disloyalty to the Government, aud, after an imprisonment of some months in Fort Lafayette, he was released on condition that he would not return to Louisiana until the end of the Rebellion. Southard, Henry. — Born on Long Is land, October, 1749. When he was eight years of age his father removed to Basking- ridge, iu the Colony of New Jersey. He received but an ordinary education, and as a day laborer earned the money to buy a farm. He took an active part in the Revo lutionary war, and, after the adoption of the Constitution, served nine years in the State Legislature, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1801 to 1811, and from 18.15 to 1821. A short time before retiring from Congress he met his son in joint committee, and they voted togetheron the Missouri Compromise. He died June 2, 1842. He was a man of superior talents and remarkable memory. Southard, Isaac. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1831 to 1833. Died September 18, 1850. Southard, Samuel L. — Was the son of Henry Southard ; born in Baskingridge, New Jersey, June 9, 1787. He graduated at Princeton in 1804, and soon afterwards removed to Virginia, where he was admit ted to the bar. In 1811 he returned to his native State, and rose to a high position as a lawyer. He was, for several years, Deputy Attorney, and in 1814 was admit ted as counsellor-at-law, and appointed Law Reporter by the Legislature. In 1815 he was elected to the Legislature, and, in a week after taking- his seat, was placed on the bench of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. In 1820 he was a Presidential 552 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Elector; in 1821 he was elected a Senator in Congress, serving as President pro tern. of that body; remained there until 1823, when he was appointed by President Monroe Secretary of the Navy; he was also acting Secretary of the Treasury, and for a short period acting Secretary of AVar. In 1822 he was elected a Trustee of Nassau Hall, and also of the Theological Seminary of Princeton. In 1830 he was elected At torney General of the State ; and in 1832 was Governor of the State. In 1833 he was re-elected to the United States Senate, and served until 1842, and on the death of President Harrison he became the Presi dent of the Senate. He is remembered in New Jersey as the "favorite son" of that State. He died at Fredericksburg, Vir ginia, June 26, 1842. Southgate, William W. — Born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Spaight, Richard D. — He commenced his academic studies in Ireland, and fin ished his education at the University of Glasgow. He joined the American Army in 1778, as aide-de-camp to General Cas well, and was at the battle of Camden in 1780. In 1781 he entered the House of Commons of North Carolina ; from 1782 to 1784 was a member of the Continental Congress, and also during the years 1785 and 1786 ; and he was one of the Delegates to form the Constitution of the United States, to which his name is appended, and he was a Presidential Elector in 1797. In *"1792 he was again elected to the local Legislature, and was the same year elected Governor of North Carolina. He was a Representative in Congress from 179S to 1801, after which he was elected to the State Senate. On Sunday, September 5, 1802, he fought a duel with the Honorable John Stanley, was wounded in the side, and died in about twenty hours. Spaight, Richard D.— He was the son of the above, and born in Newbern, North Carolina, in 1796. He graduated at the University of that State iu 1815; studied law ; served four years in the State Legis lature ; was a Representative in Congress from 1823 to 1825 ; he subsequently served ten years in the State Senate, and was Governor of North Carolina in 1835 and 1836. After retiring from that office, he declined all public positions, and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits. He died in 1850. Spalding, Rufus Paine. — He was born in West Tisbury, Martha's Vineyard, Mas sachusetts, May 3, 1798. Went with his parents to Connecticut when young ; was educated at the Plainfield and Colchester Academies ; and graduated at Yale College iu 1817; studied law, and, removing to Ohio, commenced the practice of his pro fession in Trumbull County in 1821; in 1839 he was elected to the Ohio Legisla ture; re-elected in 1841, and was Speaker of the House; in 1849 he was elected a Judge of the Superior Court, and held the position three years, until the new State Constitution was adopted; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, and Revolu tionary Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Appropriations and the Bankrupt Law. Spalding, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1805 to 1806. Spangler, David. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1833 to 1837, and in 1844 was nominated by the Whig party for Governor of the State, but declined the nomination. He died in Coshocton, Ohio, October 18, 1856. Spangler, Jacob. — Born in 1768 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1816 to 1818, and subse quently Surveyor General of the State. Died at York, Pennsylvania, Juno 17, 1843. Spaulding, Elbridge G. — He was bom at Summer Hill, Cayuga County, New York, February 24, i809 ; was educated at Auburn Academy ; taught school, stud ied law, and was admitted to practice in Genesee County. In 1834 he removed to Buffalo, and in 1836 was Attorney of the Supreme Court of New York, and also Solicitor in Chancery, and in 1839 was Counsellor of the same. In 1836 he was appointed City Clerk of Buffalo; in 1841 he was Alderman, and in 1847 was elected Mayor. In 1848 he was a member of- the Assembly of the State ; and from 1849 to 1851 he was a Representative in Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Re lations. In 1853 he was elected Treasurer of the State of New Y'ork, and was a mem ber of the Canal Board for two years, and is now President of the Farmers' and Me chanics' Bank of Genesee, at Buffalo. He was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the Com- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 353 mittee of Ways and Means. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Speed, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1817 to 1819. Speight, Jesse. — Born in Greene Coun ty, North Carolina, September 22, 1795. His education was limited, but his natural abilities were of a high order. In 1822 he was a member of the House of Commons ; in 1823 of the Senate, where he continued until 1827, officiating several years as Speaker ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1829 to 1837. He declined a re-election ; re moving to Mississippi, was elected to the Legislature there, and made Speaker ; and from 1845 to 1847 was a Senator in Con giess from his adopted State. He died at Columbus, Mississippi, May 5, 1 847. Spence, John S. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Maryland, from 1837 to 1841, and a Representative from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1836 to 1840. Died October 29, 1840. Spence, Thomas A. — He graduated at Yale College in 1 829 ; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Mary land, from 1843 to 1845. Spencer, Ambrose. — Born in Salis bury, Connecticut, December 13, 1765 ; in 1779 entered Yale College, and remained three years, but graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1783; studied law, and settled at Hudson, New York. He was a member of the Assembly in 1793; from 1795 to 1798, State Senator ; in 1796 Assistant Attorney General of the Counties of Co lumbia and Rensselaer, and a member of the Council of Appointment ; in 1802 was Attorney General for the State; in 1804 was chosen Judge, in 1809 he was a Presi dential Elector, and in 1810 became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State. In 1823 he retired from the bench, and was engaged at the bar; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. He was also Mayor of Albany one term. He retired to the village of Lyons in 1839, and engaged in agricultural pursuits, and in 1844 was President of the National Whig Conven tion at Baltimore. He died at Lyons, March 13, 1848. Spencer, Elijah. — He was born in Co lumbia County, New York, and was a member of the New York Assembly in 23 1819 ; and a Representative in Congress. from that State, from 1821 to 1823. Spencer, James B. — He served as a Captain in the war of 1812, and was in several engagements ; he was in the Legis lature of New York in 1831 and 1832 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. He subse quently held the various positions of Elec tor, Magistrate, County Judge, Collector, and Indian Agent. He died at Fort Cov ington, New York, in March, 1848. Spencer, John C. — He was born in Hudson, New York, January 8, 1783. He entered Williams College, but soon went to Union College, where he graduated in 1806. President Nott was then at the head of the College, and one of the last professional acts of Mr. Spencer was to defend in court the President's administra tion for many years of the affairs of the College. Mr. Spencer was admitted to the bar in 1809, and opened an office in Canan daigua. He lived in Canandaigua until 1845, when he removed to Albany, where he resided until his death. He was Private Secretary to Governor Daniel D. Tomp kins, and at the age of nineteen became connected with public affairs, and from that time until his last illness no promi nent public event occurred in which he did not take an interest. In 1811 he was made Master in Chancery; in 1813 he was Brigade Judge Advocate in active service on the frontier ; in 1814 he was appointed Postmaster of Canandaigua ; in 1815 was Assistant Attorney General for the western part of the State ; and in 1816 was elected to Congress, where he remained two years. While there he was one of the Committee who examined into the affairs of the United States Bank, and their report was drawn by his hand. In 1820 he was first elected to the Assembly, and was chosen Speaker. The next year he was returned, but was in the minority. In 1824 he was elected to the State Senate, and served four years. He joined the Anti-masonic party, and was appointed, by Governor Van Buren, Special Attorney General, under the law passed for that purpose, to p'rosecute those connected with the alleged abduction of Morgan. In 1832 he was again elected to the Assembly. In 1839 he was appointed Secretary of State and Superintendent of Common Schools, and did much to reduce them to a system. He served for two years. He was appointed Regent of the University in 1840. In October, 1841, he was made Secretary of War, by President Tyler, and in March, 1843, was transferred 354 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. to the Treasury Department, but resigned in 1844, from his opposition to the annexa tion of Texas. Mr. Spencer was a success ful lawyer, but he achieved his highest fame from his connexion with the revision of the statutes of New York. Not content with merely preparing the statutes, he fol lowed them up with a series of essays, ex plaining their purposes. So great confi dence was placed in him by the people, that he was selected to revise the whole body of the law of the State ; but his ad vancing age compelled him to decline the task. He was industrious, and a man of intellect and intense energy. He died at Albany, May 18, 1855. Spencer, Joseph. — He was a Delegate from Connecticut to the Continental Con gress in 1788 and 1789. Spencer, Richard. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1829 to 1831. Spinner, Francis E. — Born in the town of German Flats, Herkimer County, New York, (where the village of Mohawk now stands,) January 21, 1802; and received most of his instruction from his father, who was a highly educated German clergy man. For twenty years he was the ex ecutive officer of the Mohawk Valley Bank ; he held all the commissions, from the Gov ernors of New York, from a Lieutenant to a Major General of the State Artillery; was County Sheriff, and Commissioner for building the State Lunatic Asylum. From 1845 to 1849 he was Auditor in the Naval Office at New York; and in 1854 was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fourth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving as a member of the Committee on Accounts. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Accounts. In 1661 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, United States Treasurer. Sprague, Peleg. — He was a Represent ative in Congress from New Hampshire, from 1797 to 1799. Sprague, Peleg. — He was born in Duxbury, Massachusetts, in 1792 ; grad uated at Havard University with honor in 1812 ; and having adopted the profession of law, settled in the practice first at Au gusta, Maine, and then at Hallowell; he was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1821 and 1822 ; a Representative in Con gress, from Maine, from 1825 to 1829; and a Senator in Congress, from 1829 to 1835. On completing his Senatorial term he set tled in Boston, and in 1841 he was ap pointed Judge of the District Court of the United States for Massachusetts, which office he resigned in 1865. In 1841 he was also a Presidential Elector. In 1847 he received from Harvard the degree of Doctor of Laws. Sprague, William. — He was born in Cranston, Rhode Island, in 1800. When quite young he was elected to the General Assembly, and in 1832 was chosen Speaker of the House. In 1835 he was chosen a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, and declined a re-election. He was Governor of Rhode Island, in 1838 and 1839, and in 1842 was elected to the United States Senate, serving two years. In 1849 he was a Presidential elector ; and a mem ber of the State Assembly at the time of his death, which occurred in Providence, October 19, 1851. Sprague, William. — He was born in Rhode Island, and, removing to Michigan, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851 ; died October 19, 1856. [Sprague, William. — Was born in Cranston, Rhode Island, September II, 1830, his ancestors having been for several generations honorably associated with the manufacturing business of New England ; was educated chiefly at the Irving Insti tute, Tarrytown, New York, and subse quently spent several years in the counting- room of an uncle, on the death of whom one of the largest manufacturing interests in the country came into his possession. Having a taste for military affairs, he joined an artillery company in Providence in his eighteenth year, and became a Colonel; in 1859 he visited Europe, and was friendly to the cause and person of Garibaldi. In 1861 he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, and, on the breaking out of the Rebellion, he took a great interest in the national cause; was with the troops of Rhode Island at the first battle of Bull Run ; and in 1862 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, for the term ending in 1869, serving as Chairman of a newly-formed Committee on Manufactures, and as a member of the Committees on Commerce, and Military Affairs. He is also President of several banks, and, when at home, takes an active part as a Director in various Insurance Companies. His un cle, bearing the same name, was also a Senator in Congress. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 355 Sprigg, James C. — Bora in Maryland, and was elected a Representative in Con gress, from Kentucky, from 1841 to 1843. Sprigg, Michael C. — He was frequently a member of the Maryland Legislature ; at one time President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ; and a Representative in Con gress, from 1827 to 1831. He died at Cum berland, Maryland, in December, 1845. Sprigg, Richard. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1796 to 1799, and from 1801 to 1802. Sprigg, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1793 to 1796. Spruance, Presley. — He was a Sena tor in Congress, from Delaware, from 1847 to 1853. Died in Smyrna, Delaware, February 13, 1863, aged seventy-eight years. Stallworth, James A. — Born in Cone cuh County, Alabama, April 7, 1822. He received an academic education ; studied law ; served in the Legislature during the years 1845-6, and 1847-8 ; was twice elected Solicitor for his District ; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Commerce. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, but withdrew in February, 1861, to take part in the Re bellion. Stanberry, William. — Bom in Essex County, New Jersey, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1827 to 1833. He resided in Licking County. He is remembered as the member upon whom a personal assault was made, for words uttered in debate, by Sam Houston, in 1832. Standifer, James. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1829 to 1837. He died near Kingston, Tennessee, August 24, 1836. Stanford, Richard. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1797 to 1816. Died April 9, 1816, in Georgetown, District of Columbia, aged forty-seven years. Stanley, Edward. — Born in North Carolina ; received a portion of his educa tion at the Military Academy at Middle- town, Connecticut; studied law; served three years in the House of Commons of North Carolina, and was Speaker of that body. Was a Representative, from North Carolina, in the Twenty-fifth, Twenty- sixth, Twenty-seventh, Thirtieth, Thirty- first, and Thirty-second Congresses, serv ing on the Committee of Ways and Means, and as a leader of his party, in debate. He removed to California, where he devoted himself to the law. He was recalled from there by President Lincoln in 1862 to as sume the duties of Military Governor of North Carolina. He acted in this capacity for some months, when he resigned and returned to California. Stanley, John. — He was born in North Carolina ; was a distinguished member of the Legislature of North Carolina ; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1801 to 1803, and again from 1809 to 1811. He was an able and eloquent debater, greatly respected for his talents and private character. While delivering a speech in the Legislature, in 1826, he was arrested by an attack of hemiplegia, from the effects of which he suffered until his death, August 3, 1834, at Newborn, North Carolina. Stanton, Benjamin. — Born at Mount Pleasant, Jefferson County, Ohio, June 4, 1 809. He lived on a farm until the age of seventeen, and then worked at the trade of a tailor until he was twenty-one. He stud ied law, and settled in Bellefontaine, Ohio, in Aprii, 1834, where he practiced his pro fession. He was elected to the State Sen ate in 1841 ; resigned in 1842, but was re elected the same year. In 1850 he was a Delegate to the Ohio Constitutional Con vention, and in October of that year was elected to the House of Representatives oi the Thirty-second Congress. He was re elected to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- fifth Congresses ; and was one of the Re gents of the Smithsonian Institution, and a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Military Affairs. In 1832 he was Lieutenant Governor oi Ohio. Stanton, Frederick P. — Born in the District of Columbia; as a boy, worked with his father at the business of brick laying ; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1855. He was also appointed Governor of the Territory of Kansas in 1858 ; he subse quently settled in Washington city as a lawyer. His brother, Richard H. , was also a member of Congress. 356 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Stanton, Joseph. — Born in Rhode Island, and was for many years a leading politician. He was a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1790 to 1793, and a Representative in Congiess. from 1801 to 1807. Stanton, Richard H — Born in the District of Columbia, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1849 to 1855 ; also a Presidential Elector in 1856. Stark, Benjamin. — Born in the city of New Orleans, June 26, 1820 ; received an academic education in New London, Con necticut, and a commercial education in the city of New Y'ork. In 1845 he settled in Oregon, and established commercial re lations with the Sandwich Islands, and with California when a Mexican province; in 1850 he abandoned commercial pursuits, studied law and came to the bar in 1851 ; in 1852 he was a member of the Territorial Legislature of Oregon ; in 1860 of the State Legislature of that State ; and he was a Senator in Congress, from Oregon, during a part of the years 1861 -'2, the Thirty- seventh Congress. In 1845 he erected in Portland, Oregon, his present residence, the first building, which was a log trading- house. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. '.' Starkweather, David A. — Born in Connecticut, and was elected a Represent ative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1839 to 1641, and again from 1845 to 1847. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1848. Starkweather, George A. — Born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of the Committee on Accounts. StaiT, John P.— BorninPhiladelphiain 1813; removed to New Jersey in 1844; has been engaged in business pursuits; aud in 1863 he was elected a Representative, from New Jersey, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures, aud that on Public Buildings and Grounds. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories, on Public Buildings and Grounds, and the Postal Railroad to New Y'ork. St. Clair, Arthur. — Was born in Edin burgh ; was a Lieutenant under General Wolfe, and subsequently settled in Penn sylvania, when he became a naturalized citizen. At the commencement of the Rev olution he joined the American army, and in 1777 was appointed Major General, and served with distinction. In 1783 he was elected President of the Cincinnati Society of his adopted State ; was a Delegate to the Continental. Congress, from 1785 to 1787; and in the latter year was chosen President of that body. He was subsequently ap pointed Governor of the Northwest Terri tory, and in 1790 commanded an army against the Miami Indians. He resigned his commission of Major General in 1792, and his latter years were passed in poverty. He died in 1818. Stearns, Asahel. — He was born at Lunenburg, Massachusetts, in 1774 ; grad uated at Cambridge University in 1797; was educated as a lawyer ; practiced with reputation many years at Chelmsford ; was several years County Attorney for Middle sex County ; was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1817 ; was appointed Professor of Law at Cambridge in 1817, and continued in the office till 1829, when he resigned. In 1824 he published a volume on Real Actions — a learned work. He was afterwards ap pointed one of the Commissioners for revis ing the statutes of the Commonwealth. After this work was completed, his health declined, and he continued very feeble till his decease. He died at Cambridge, Mas sachusetts, February 5, 1839 Stebbins, Henry G. — Was born in the city of New York in 1812; received a good education ; was brought up to the business of banking, and has been identified with many of the important financial events and trusts of his native city. He was at one time identified with the militia of New York, and was Colonel of the Twelfth Regiment He was one of the Commissioners of the Park, and Long President of the Board of Commissioners. He was one of the origi nators and President of the Dramatic Fund Association, and an active manager of the New Y'ork Academy of Music. In 1862 he was elected a Representative, from New Y'oik, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committee of Ways and Means. In October, 1864, he resigned his seat in Congress, because he had declared hims*elf in I avor of the war, and therefore supposed that he did not represeut the peace princi ples of his constituents. Stedman, William.— He graduated at Hai vard University in 1784 ; was a lawyer of extensive practice; served in the State Legislature; was for several years Clerk of the Supreme Judicial Court in Wcices- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 357 ter ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1803 to 1810; and died in 1831, at Newburyport, Massa chusetts, aged sixty-six years. He came to the bar in 1787, and was in the Legisla ture in 1302. Steele, John. — A Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1790 to 1793. He was born in Salisbury, No vember 1, 1764, and died August 14, 1815. He was brought up a merchant, but turned his attention to agricultural pursuits. He served a number of years in the State Legis lature, part of the time as Speaker ; was a member of the State Convention to consider the Constitution of the United States ; he was, in 1806, Commissioner to adjust the boundaries between the States of North and South Carolina ; was a General of the militia ; and held the office of First Comp troller of the Treasury, under Presidents Washington aud Adams. On August 14, 1815, he w-as again elected to the Legisla ture, but on that day he died. Steele, John B. — Was born in Delhi, Delaware County, New York, March 28, 1814 ; w-as educated at Delaware Academy and at Williams College, Massachusetts ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1839 ; in 1841 was appointed District Attorney for Otsego County, and served his term ; in 1847 removed to Kingston, Ulster County, and there pursued his profession ; in 1 850 was elected Special Judge of that county ; and in 1860 was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty -seventh Con gress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia, and on Revolutionary Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, again serving on the Committees for the District of Columbia, and on Ex penditures in the War Department. Steele, John N. — Born in Maryland, and elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1337. Steele, William G. — Was born in Somerset County, New Jersey, December 17, 1820 ; educated at the Somerville Academy ; entered early into the mercan tile business, to which he subsequently added that of banking ; was appointed, for several years, by the Governor of the State, a State Director for the Delaware and Rari- tan Canal, and the Camden and Amboy Railroad Company; was elected a Repre sentative, from New Jersey, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Select Committee on Army Contracts : and he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Accounts, and Enrolled Bills. He was also a Dele gate to the Chicago Convention of 1804. Steenrod, Lewis. — Born in Alrginia, and elected a Reresentative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1845. Stephens, Abraham P. — Born in New York, and elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Stephens, Alexander H. — Born in Taliaferro County, Georgia, February 11, 1812. He was left an orphan at the age of - fourteen, when kind friends, unsolicited, furnished him with the means to obtain an education, all of which he subsequently re turned with interest. He prepared himself for college in nine months, and graduated at Franklin College in 1832. He studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1834. After paying his debts, his first earnings were devoted to redeeming from the hands of strangers the home of his childhood, which had been sold after his father's death, and upon which he still resides. In 1836 he was elected to the lower house of the State Legislature, where he served five years, devoting himself especially to the internal interests of his native State. In 1839 he was chosen a Delegate to the Com mercial Convention at Charleston, where he is said to have made a deep impression by his peculiar eloquence. In 1842 he was elected to the Senate of his State ; and in 1343 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Georgia, to which position he was regularly re-elected to the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress. He has served on many committees, delivered many speeches, and it was while he officiated as Chairman of the Committee on Territories that the Territories of Minnesota and Ore gon were admitted into the Union. He subsequently became identified with the Rebellion of 1861, and was chosen Vice- President and member of Congress of the so-called "Southern Confederacy." He was subsequently confined as a Prisoner of State in Fort Warren, and released by order of President Johnson. Stephens, Philander. — Was a member of the House of Representatives in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833. He died at Springfield, Pennsyl vania, July 8, 1842, aged fifty-four years. Stephenson, Benjamin. — He was a Delegate in Congress, from Illinois Terri tory, from 1815 to 1816, when he was ap- 358 BIOGRAPHIC AL RECORDS. pointed Receiver of Public Moneys in Ed- wardsville, Illinois. Stephenson, James. — He was born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1704 ; and having removed to Virginia at an early day, commanded a company in the cam paign of General St. Clair ; was present at the quelling of the Whiskey Insurrection in Pennsylvania, and was promoted to the office of Brigade Inspector ; he served for many years' as a Delegate to the Virginia Assembly ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1803 to 1805, from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1822 to 1825. He died in August, 1833. Stephenson, James S. — He was born in York County, Pennsylvania ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1825 to 1829; and died at Pittsburg, October 17, 1831. Sterigere, John B. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1831 ; and a member in 1829 of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Sterling, Ansel. — He was a native of New London County, Connecticut, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 182] to 1825. Sterling, Micah. — Born at Lyme, Con necticut, in 1781, and graduated at Yale College in 1804. He removed to the State of New Y'ork, and was for some years a member of the Legislature ; and a Repre sentative in Congress from 1821 to 1823. He died at Watertown, New York, April 10, 1844. Sterrett, Samuel. — He was a member of the House of Representatives of the United States, from Maryland, from 1791 to 1793 ; and died at Baltimore, July 12, 1833, aged seventy-seven years. Stetson, Charles. — He was born in New Ipswich, New Hampshire, November 7, 1801 ; was removed in 1802 to Hampden, Maine ; graduated at Y'ale College in 1823 ; studied law, and practiced the profession untilT833, when he removed to the city of Bangor. In 1834 he was appointed Judge of the Municipal Court of that city; sub sequently held the office of Clerk of all the Judicial Courts for the County of Penob scot ; in 1 645 he was elected a member of the Executive Council of the State, and re-elected three years in succession ; and in 1848 he was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Stetson, Lemuel. — He was born in New York; bred to the law; served for three years in the Assembly of that State ; and was a Representative in Congress, from 1843 to 1845, from the same State; was County Judge of Clinton County from 1847 to 1851. Stevens, Hestor L. — He was born in Lima, Livingston County, New Y'ork, in October, 1803 ; received a good English and classical education ; adopted the pro fession of law ; was for several years con nected with the press in Rochester; and having taken up his residence in Michigan, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Died in Georgetown, D. O, May 7, 1864. Stevens, Isaac I. — He was born in North Andover, Massachusetts, in 1818; graduated at the West Point Military Academy in 1839, and entered the Corps of Engineers, in which service he continued until 1853, when he was appointed Gov ernor and Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Territory of Washington. This office he resigned in 1857, having previously been elected a Delegate to Congress from Washington Territory, where he continued until the breaking out of the Rebellion in 1861. As an officer of the army, he was at the siege of Vera Cruz under General Scott ; fought in several subsequent battles ; was severely wounded in the final assault upon the city of Mexico, and was twice breveted for gallant services. He also served for a time as an assistant in the Coast Survey Office in Washington City. When Governor of Washington Territory, he travelled throughout its whole extent, and as Commissioner made many treatie's with the Indian tribes. In September, 1861, he was appointed a Brigadier General in the volunteer service, and was killed in battle at Bull Run, Virginia, in 1862. Stevens, James. — He was born in Fairfield, Connecticut ; served in Congress as a Representative, from that State, from 1619 to 1821, voting with the South on the Missouri Compromise; and in 1822 was appointed Postmaster at Stamford ; he died at that place in April, 1835, aged sixty- seven years. Stevens, Thaddeus. — Born in Cale donia County, Vermont, April 4, 1793; graduated at Dartmouth CoUege in 1814 ; BIOGRAPHI CAL RECORDS. 359 during that year removed to Pennsylvania ; studied law and taught in an academy at the same time; in 1816 was admitted to the bar in Adams County ; in 1833 was elected to the State Legislature, and also in 1834, 1835, 1837, and 1841 ; in 1836 was elected a member of the Convention to re vise the State Constitution ; in 1838 was appointed a Canal Commissioner; in 1842 he removed to Lancaster ; and in 1848 was elected a Representative, from Pennsyl vania, to the Thirty-first Congress, also to the Thirty-second; and in 1858 was re elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and also to the Thirty-seventh, during which he was Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means, having previously served ou various important committees. In 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, again serving as Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means, and also as Chairman of the Special Committee on the Pacific Railroad. He was also a Dele gate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, as a member of the Com mittee on the Death of President Lincoln, and as Chairman of the Committee on a Postal Railroad to New York, and also of that on Reconstruction. Stevenson, Andrew. — He was a native of Culpeper County, Virginia, and entered public life in 1804 as a member of the State Legislature, where, for several sessions, he was elected Speaker of the House. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Virginia, from 1821 to 1834 ; and for the Twentieth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-second Congresses, from 1828 to 1834, was Speaker. He was appointed Minister to Great Britain in 1836, and re mained there till he was succeeded by Mr. Everett in 1841. After his return to America he devoted himself chiefly to agricultural pursuits, and to the interests of the University of Virginia, of which institution he was Rector at the time of his death. As a friend and neighbor he was much beloved. He died at Blenheim, Albemarle County, Virginia, January 25, 1857, aged seventy-three. Stevenson, John W. — Born in Rich mond, Virginia, and was the son of Andrew- Stevenson ; graduated at the University of Virginia ; read law, and settled in Coving ton, Kentucky, in 1841, practicing his profession with success ; was elected to the Kentucky Legislature in 1845, 1846, and 1847 ; iu 1849 he was elected to the State Constitutional Convention, in which he took a leading part ; he was a member of the Democratic National Conventions of 1848, 1852, and 1856; he was twice a Senatorial Elector ; and was one of three Commissioners appointed to revise the Civil and Criminal Code of Kentucky ; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from that State, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Elections. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the same Committee. Stewart, Andrew. — Born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in June, 1792. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1 8 1 5 ; was soon afterw ards elected to the State Legislature, and served three years ; he was appointed by President Monroe District Attorney for Western Pennsylvania; and was a Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1829, from 1831 to 1835, and from 1843 to 1847. In Con gress and out of it, he was ever a warm advocate of what is known as the "Ameri can Protective System," and of late years he has been devoted chiefly to the congenial pursuits of agriculture, though paying some attention to the business of manu facturing. Stewart, Archibald. — He was a Dele gate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress in 1784 and 1785, to fill a tem porary vacancy. Stewart, David. — He was a lawyer by profession, and a Senator in Congress, from Maryland, from December 6, 1849, to January 12, 1850, by Executive ap pointment, in place of Eeverdy Johnson, resigned. Died in Baltimore, Maryland, January 6, 1858. Stewart, James. — He wa a Represent ative in Congress, from North Carolina, during the years 1818 and 1819. Died in North Carolina in February, 1822, aged fifty-two years. Stewart, James A — He was born in Dorchester County, Maryland, November 24, 1808 ; received a good education, and studied law ; served in the State Legisla ture ; was a Judge of the Circuit Court of Maryland; and was elected a Represent ative, from Maryland, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Patents. He was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same Committee. Stewart, John. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, 360 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. from 1800 to 1801, for the unexpired term of T. Hartley, and was re-elected to the Seventh and Eighth Congresses. Stewart, John. — Born in Chatham, Connecticut, in 1795; was by occupation a farmer ; served many years in the Con necticut Legislature ; was Judge of Mid dlesex County Court; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845. Died at Chatham, September 16, I860. Stewart, William. — He was born in the town of Mercer, Mercer County, Penn sylvania, September 16, 1811; was edu cated at Jefferson College, in that State ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1835. He was a member of the State Senate of Pennsylvania for three years, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth, serving as a member of the Committees on Ex penses in the War Department, and on Agriculture. Stewart, William M. — Born in Wayne County, New York, August 9, 1827; re moved with his father to Ohio in 1835; left home in his thirteenth year, and pre pared himself for college, chiefly in New York ; entered Yale College in 1848, where he remained eighteen months, and then left for the gold fields of California. He spent two years in the mining business ; in "1852 commenced reading law, and during that year was appointed District Attorney for the County of Nevada, and was subse quently elected to the same office ; in 1854, during the absence of the Attorney General of California, he was appointed to perform the duties of that office ; he next spent about eighteen months practicing his profession in San Francisco; after that he did the same in Nevada City and Downieville ; in 1860 he removed to the then Territory of Utah (now Nevada;) served in the Terri torial Legislature in 1861 : was also a member of the Constitutional Convention held in 1863, and was elected a Senator in Congress, from Nevada, for the term com mencing in 1865 and ending in 1869, serv ing on the Committees on the Judiciary, Public Lands, Pacific Railroad, and Mines and Mining. In 1865 he received from Yale College the degree of Master of Arts. Stiles, John D. — Was born in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, January 15, 1823; received an academic education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1844; in 1853 he was elected District Attorney for Lehigh County, and held the office three- years ; he was a Delegate in 1856 to the National Convention which nominated Mr. Buchanan for President, and was elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, for the unexpired term of his friend, T. B. Cooper, deceased, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. In 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Expendi tures in the State Department, and Revo lutionary Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Stiles, Williarn H. — He was born in Savannah, Georgia ; received a good edu cation, and adopted the profession of law; in 1833 he was elected Solicitor General of the Eastern District of the State, which he resigned in 1836; he was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1843 to 1845 ; and by President Polk he was ap pointed Charge d'Affaires to Austria, of which country, after his return, he pub lished a history. He served as a Colonel in the great Rebellion, and died at Savan nah on the 20th of December, 1865. Stilwell, Thomas N— Born in Stilwell, Butler County, Ohio, August 29, 1830; educated at Oxford and College Hill, Ohio; studied law in that State, and removed to Indiana in 1852, when he was admitted to the bar; in 1856 he was elected to the Legislature of Indiana ; was subsequently engaged in the banking business ; served one year as an officer in the war for the Union ; and in 1 864 was elected a Repre sentative from Indiana to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and Invalid Pensions. St. John, Daniel B. — Born in Sharon, Litchfield County, Connecticut, October 8, 1808 ; removed to New York ; became a merchant's clerk, and then followed the mercantile business until 1847; in 1839 was elected to the State Legislature ; served four years as a member of the Board of Supervisors for Sullivan County ; and was a Representative, from New York, to the Thirtieth Congress. From 1849 until 1855, he had charge of the Bank Department of New Y'ork, since which time he has been devoted to agricultural pursuits in New- burg, New York. St. John, Henry. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1813 to 1847. St. Martin, Louis. — He was bom in Louisiana, and was a Representative in BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 361 Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Stockton, John P. — Bom in Prince ton, New Jersey, August 2, 1825, his father and grandfather having both served in the United States Senate, and his great grandfather having been one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He graduated at Princeton College in 1 843 ; studied law, was licensed to practice in 1846, and came to the bar in 1849. He was appointed by the Legislature of New Jersey to revise the laws of the State ; was for several years the reporter in chancery, and published three volumes, which bear his name; was appointed, by President Buchanan, in 1858, Minister Resident to Rome, but on the election of President Lincoln asked to be recalled ; since which time, until elected a Senator in Congress from New Jersey in 1865, for the term end ing in 1871, he has been devoted to his profession. In the Senate he served on the Committee on Pensions. On the question of his right to the seat in the Senate, there was a long debate, and he was admitted by the vote of 22 to 21, the deciding vote, owing to peculiar circumstances, having been cast by himself. The question, how ever, was reconsidered, he withdrew his vote, and then by a vote of 22 to 21 he lost his seat March 27, 1866. Stockton, Richard. — He was born in Princeton, New Jersey, October 1, 1730; graduated at Princeton College in 1748 ; adopted the profession of law and became eminent; was appointed a Judge, both under the Provincial government and after the adoption of the Constitution; he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777, and signed the Declaration of Independence. Died February 28, 1781 . His son, bearing his name, a grandson, and great grandson succeeded him as members of the Federal Congress. Stockton, Richard. — Bom at Prince ton, New Jersey, April 17, 1764, and gradu ated at Nassau Hall in 1779; on leaving college he studied law, and was admitted to practice at the age of twenty. In 1792 and 1801 he was a Presidential Elector. He was a Senator of the United States from 1796 to 1799, and a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1815. In 1827 he was a Commissioner for settling the bound ary line between New York and New Jersey. He was eminently distinguished for his talents, was an eloquent and pro found lawyer, and during more than a quarter of a century was at the head of the bar in New Jersey. He died at Princeton, March 7, 1828. Stockton, Robert Field. — He was born at Princeton, New Jersey. Early in life he entered the United States Navy, and was actively engaged in some of the most important naval battles during the war of 1812. He commanded the American squad ron on the coast of Africa, and he was one of the founders of the colony of Liberia. He was one of the first of our commanders to intioduce and apply steam to naval pur poses, the famous sloop-of-war Princeton having been built under his supervision. When war was declared with Mexico, he was placed in command of our fleet in the Pacific, and performed the duties of Com modore, General, and Governor, and the foundation of religion, education, and social progress were laid by his instrumentality in many of those outposts of our Western world. Soon after his return from the Pacific, he resigned his commission in the navy, and devoted himself to the internal improvement of his native State. He was elected United States Senator for the term from 1851 to 1357, but resigned in 1853, serving as a member of several important committees. The bill to abolish flogging in the navy was introduced by him. He was also elected a Delegate to the Peace Congress in 1861. Stoddart, Ebenezer. — Born in West Woodstock, Connecticut, May 6, 1786, and graduated at Brown University in 1806 ; he was a lawyer by profession, and prac ticed extensively ; had several years been a member of the State Legislature ; and was Lieutenant Governor of the State for one year. He was a Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1825, and died at Woodstock, August, 1848. Stoddart, John T. — He graduated at Princeton College in 1810 ; w-as a Repre sentative iu Congress, from Maryland, from 1833 to 1835, and a member of the Committees on Claims, and the District of Columbia. Stokely, Samuel. — He was born in Ohio; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of law ; served in the State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1841 to 1843, serving on two prominent committees. Stokes, Montford. — Born in North Carolina in 1760; was for several years Clerk of the Superior Court, and subse quently of the Senate; in which capacity 362 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. he became so popular as to be elected to the United States Senate, which honor he declined. Hewas again elected in 1816 to the same position, and served until 1823. In 1826 he went into the General Assembly as Senator ; in 1829 into the Commons ; also in 1830, when he was elected Governor of the State. In 1831 he was appointed, by President Jackson, Indian Agent in Arkansas, where he died in 1842. Stokes, William B. — He was born in Chatham County, North Carolina, Septem ber 9, 1814; received, when young, only a limited education ; has devoted the most of his life to agricultural pursuits; served three sessions in the Legislature of Ten nessee, twice as a Representative and once as a Senator; and was elected a Repre sentative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. During the Rebellion of 1861 he served as a Colonel in the Union army. In 1865 he was re elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not admitted to his seat until near the close of the first session of that Congress. Stone, Alfred P. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1844 to 1845. By profession he was a merchant ; at one time Treasurer of the State of Ohio ; was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Collector of Internal Revenue ; and died, by taking poison, at Columbus, Ohio, August 2, 1865. Stone, David. — Born in Bertie County, North Carolina, February 17, 1770; gradu ated at Princeton College iu 17S8 ; jstudied law, and rose to a high position at the bar. He was four years in the State Legislature ; Judge of the Supreme Court from 1795 to 1 798 ; a Representative in Congress from 1799 to 1801 ; a Senator iu Congress, from 1801 to 1607 ; Goi-ernor of North Carolina in 1808 ; and served a second term as United States Senator, from 1813 to 1814, which position he resigned on account of disagreements with his constituents. Died October 7, ISIS. Stone, James.— Born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Cono-ross, from that State, from 184 i to 1845. Stone, James W. — Born in Kentucky in 1813, and died October 13, 1854. He was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1851 to 1853. Stone, Michael — He was bom iu Charles County, Maryland, about the year 1750, and died in 1812. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from his native State, from 1789 to 1791 ; and was subse quently, for many years, Judge of the Charles County Court. Stone, Thomas. — Born at Pointon Manor, Charles County, Maryland, in 1743 ; received aliberal education, and adopted the profession of law; early joined the patriots of the Revolution ; w-as a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1779, and in 1784 and 1785 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; in 1778 he was chosen to the Maryland Legislature ; was a Delegate to the Convention which framed the Federal Constitution ; and died October 7, 1787. Stone, William. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1838 to 1839. Storer, Bellamy. — He was born in Portland, Maine, about the year 1798; graduated at Bowdoin College, from which he subsequently received the degree of LL.D. ; removed to Cincinnati Ohio, when twenty-one years of age ; studied law, and practiced the profession ; w-as a Represent ative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1835 to 1837 ; w-as a Presidential Elector in 1844; since which time he has served three terms as a Judge of the Superior Court in the District of Cincinnati. He is also a Pro fessor in the Cincinnati Law College. Storer, Clement. — He was bora in 1760, and died at Portsmouth, New- Hamp shire, November 22, 1830. He was a United States Senator, from New Hamp shire, from 1817 to 1819. Storrs, Henry R. — Born in Middle- town, Connecticut, in 1787. He graduated at Y'ale College in 1804 ; practiced law some years at Utica, New Y'ork ; and dur ing his residence there, was a Representa tive in Congress from 1819 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1831. He afterwards estab lished himself in the city of New York, where he soon became a very eminent practitioner in his profession. He was possessed of extensive and various acquire ments, uncommon powers of discrimina tion, great logical exactness, and a ready and powerful elocution ; and, as a debater in Congress, he stood conspicuous in the first rank. He died July 29, 1837, at New Haven. Storrs, William L.— He was born in Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 363 1814; adopted the law as a profession; was 'a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1839 to 1840; and was for many years the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Connecticut. Story, Joseph. — Born in Marblebead, Massachusetts, September 18, 1779. He graduated at Harvard College in 1798; studied law; was a member of the State Legislature in 1 805, and elected Speaker ; and during the years 1808 and 1 809 he was a Representative in Congress. In 1811 he was appointed by President Madison a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, which office he held until his death. He acquired a large fortune from his prac tice as a lawyer, and it is said that his income from the sale of his legal writings, which are numerous aud of the highest order, numbering twenty-seven volumes, with thirty-four volumes of Decisions, has amounted to ten thousand dollars per annum. In 1830 he was appointed Dane Professor in the Law School of Harvard University, and subsequently published his Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States. In early life he was a writer of poetry, and, in his later years, was considered, even in England, "the first of living writers on law." He re ceived the degree of LL.D. from the Col leges of Harvard, Brown, and Dartmouth. He died in Cambridge, September 10, 1845. His Life was published by his son. W. W. Story, in 1851. Stout, Lansing. — Born in Pamelia, New Y'ork, March 27, 1828 ; received a limited education, and commenced active life by working on a farm and teaching school ; became a Superintendent of public schools, and studied law ; went to Cali fornia in 1851, and in 1856 was elected to the California Legislature ; in 1857 he went to Oregon, and turned his attention to the practice of law ; in 1 858 was elected Judge of Multnomah County ; and before the close of that year was elected a Represent ative from Oregon to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Expenses in the State Depart ment, and of the Special Committee of Thirty- three on the Rebellious States. Stow, Silas. — He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1811 to 1813. Stower, John G. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829, and was a State Sena tor from Madison County in 1833 and 1834. Stranahan, J. S. T. — He Was born in New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Strange, Robert. — Born in Virginia, September 20, 1796; educated at Hamp- den Sidney College ; studied law, and re moved to North Carolina, where he took a high position in his profession ; he served a number of years in the State Legislature ; was elected in 1826 a Judge of the Supe rior Court ; and held the office until he was elected a Senator of the United States, from 1836 to 1841, but resigned his seat in 1840, having received from his State in structions incompatible with his ideas of duty. He was subsequently appointed Solicitor for the Fifth Judicial District of the State, and, toward the close of his life, was whoily devoted to his profession. He was the author of a novel, printed for pri vate circulation, entitled "Eoneguski, or The Cherokee Chief." He died in 1854. Stratton, Charles C. — Born in New Jersey in 1 796 ; was an active politician ; served a number of years in the State Le gislature; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He was also a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1844, aud Governor of New Jersey from 1 8-14 to 1848, after which he retired to his farm in Gloucester County, where he died, March 30, 1859. He was a candidate for election to the Twenty- sixth Congress, and although he appeared with the broad seal of his State, he was not admitted. Stratton, John. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1801 to 1803. Stratton, John L. N. — Born in Mount Holly, New Jersey, in 1817; graduated at Princeton College in 1836 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839; and in 1858 he was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Elections, and the Special Commit tee of Thirty -three on the Rebellious States. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees of Ways and Means, and on National Armories. Stratton, Nathan T. — Born in New Jersey, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1651 to 1855. 364 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Straub, Christian M. — Born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Street, Randall S. — Ho was born in New Haven, Connecticut, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1819 to 1821. Strohm, John. — He was born, October 16, 1793, in Lancaster County, Pennsyl vania, in what is now Fulton Township ; received a common school education, and taught a school for six years. In 1831 he was elected a Representative in the Legis lature of his native State, serving three sessions in the House and eight in the Senate and during one term as Speaker. He was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term ending in 1849. Strong, Caleb. — Born in Northampton, Massachusetts, January, 1745, and gradu ated at Harvard College in 1764. In con sequence of poor health he did not com mence the practice of law for eight years afterwards. He spent his life at North ampton, where his paternal ancestors had lived from the year 1659. In 1775 he was a member of the Committee of Safety; and in 1780 he was chosen one of the Council of Massachusetts. In 1779 he assisted in forming the Constitution of that State ; and in 17S7 he also assisted in form ing the Constitution of the United States, but did not sign that instrument. From 1789 to 1797 he was a Senator in Congress, and from 1800 to 1807 he was Governor of the State; also, from 1812 to 1816; and a Presidential Elector in 1809. Governor Strong was a man of unimpeachable moral character, and he possessed a vigorous and well-cultivated mind. He died November 7, 1819. Strong, James.— He was born in Wind ham, Connecticut, in 1783, and graduated at the University of Vermont in 1 606 ; was a Representative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1819 to 1821 ; and again from 1S23 to 1831. He died iu Chester, New Jersej-, August 8, 1647. Strong, Jedediah.— lie was a Dele gate from Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1784. Strong, Selah B.— He was born in Brookhaven, Long Island, May 1, 1792; graduated at Y'ale College in 181 1 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1814 ; was at one time Attorney for Suffolk County ; a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845; and was appointed, in 1847, a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York. Strong, Solomon. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1819. He was also a member of the State Legislature in 1812, 1813, 1843, and 1844 ; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1818 to 1842 ; and died September 16, 1850, aged seventy-one years. Strong, Stephen. — He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847. Strong, Theron R. — He was born in Connecticut ; served in the Assembly of New Y'ork from Wayne County, in 1842 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1839 to 1841. Strong, William. — He was born in Windham County, Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1811 to 1815, and again from 1819 to 1821. He was also a Sheriff for eight years in Hartford County; Judge of the same County; and member of the State Legisla ture for eight years. Strong, William.— Born in Somers, Tolland County, Connecticut, May 6, 1808. Educated at Plainfield Academy and at Y'ale College. After graduating, in 1828, he taught school in Connecticut and in New Jersey, meanwhile studying law ; was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia, in 1832, and soon after began to practice law in Reading, Berks Couuty, Pennsylvania. He was elected, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirtieth and to the Thirty-first Con gresses. Upon retiring from Congress he resumed his profession, and continued in the practice until 1 857, when he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsyl vania for fifteen years. Strother, George P.— He was a native of Culpeper County, Virginia, a lawyer by profession, and a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 1 820, when he was appointed Receiver of Public Moneys at St. Louis, Missouri Strother, James P.— He was bom in Culpeper County, Virginia, September 4, 1811 ; received a collegiate education, and adopted the profession of law. He served ten years in the Legislature of Virginia, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 365 having occupied the chair of Speaker during the sessions of 1847 and 1848. He was a member, in 1850, of the Convention which formed the present Constitution of the State ; and a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853. Died in Culpeper County, September 20, I860. Strouse, Myer. — Was born in Ger many, December 16, 1825 ; came with his father to the United States in 1832, and settled in Pottsville, Pennsylvania; re ceived an academic education and studied law ; from 1848 to 1852 he edited a news paper in Philadelphia called the North American Farmer, after which he devoted himself to the practice of his profession ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories, Expenses in the InteriorDepartment, and Mines and Mining. Strudwick, William E. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1796 to 1797. Stuart, Alexander H. H. — He was born in Staunton, Virginia, April 2, 1807 ; his early education was received at the Staunton Academy, and in 1824 he spent one session at William and Mary College ; he then commenced the study of law, which he finished at the University of Vir ginia, in 1828, and was admitted to practice in Staunton in that year. His political career began as a member of the Young- Men's Convention in Washington, in 1832. In 1836 he was elected a member of the House of Delegates, of Virginia, from the County of Augusta, and was re-elected iu 1837 and 1838. In 1839 he declined a re election and pursued the practice of law. He took an active part in the canvass of 1840, for President Harrison. In 1841 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, and served till 1843. In .1 844 he delivered the annual address before the American Institute in New York City. He was Presidential Elector on the Clay ticket, in 1844, having been,'from the out set of life, a devoted personal friend of that statesman. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1848. In 1850 he was invited by President Fillmore to fill the office of Secretary of the Interior, which he held until 1853, and then returned to his pro fession in Staunton. In 1856 he was a member of the Convention which nomi nated Mr. Fillmore. In 1857 was elected to the State Senate of Virginia for four years, and devoted himself especially to the sub ject of internal improvements. Stuart, Andrew. — Bom in Pennsyl vania; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1853 to 1855. Stuart, Archibald. — He was born in Virginia, and elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Stuart, Charles E. — He was born in Columbia Count}7, New York, November 25, 1810, and adopted the profession of law. He was a member of the Michigan Legislature in 1842 ; a Representative in the Thirtieth and Thirty-second Congresses; and was elected, in 1853, for six years, a Senator in Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands. Stuart, David. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Michigan, from 1853 to 1855. Stuart, John T. — Was born in Fayette County, Kentucky, November 10, 1807; graduated at the Centre College, Danville, in 1826 ; and, having studied law, settled in Illinois, where he has since practiced his profession. In 1832 and 1834 hewas a member of the Illinois Legislature ; he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Con gresses, serving on the Committee on Ter ritories. In 1848 he was elected to the State Senate, serving four years ; and in 1862 he was re-elected a Representative to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Stuart, Philip. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maryland, .from 1811 to 1819. Sturgeon, Daniel. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1840 to 1851, serving on a great variety of Com mittees. Sturgis, Jonathan. — Born at Fairfield, Connecticut, August 23, 1740 ; graduated at Yale Coilege in 1759, and became a lawyer. . In 1 775 he was chosen a Delegate to Congress ; he espoused and supported the cause of Independence, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from 1789 to 1793, when he was appointed a Judge of the Su preme Court of Connecticut, and continued in the office until 1805. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1797 and 1805 ; and the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon 366 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. him by Yale College. He died at Fairfield, October 4, 1819. Sturgis, Lewis Burr. — Born in Fair field, Connecticut, in 1762, and graduated at Yale College in 1782. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1805 to 1817; and subsequently emi grated to the State of Ohio. He died in Norwalk, Ohio, March 30, 1844. Sullivan, George. — He was born in Durham, New Hampshire, in 1772 ; grad uated at Harvard University in 1790, and commenced in early life the practice of law in Exeter, which he continued for more than forty years, and acquired a high rep utation. He was a Representative in the General Court in 1805 and 1813; a Rep resentative in Congress in 1811 and 1812; and a member of the State Senate in 1814 and 1815. He was twenty -one years At torney General of the State, which office he resigned in 1836. He died at Exeter, June 14, 1833, highly esteemed for his talents and public usefulness. Sullivan, James. — Bom in Berwick, Massachusetts, (now Maine, ) April 22, 1 744 ; was educated by his father ; he was a lawyer by profession ; settled at Bedford, and was King's Attorney for the County of York. He took an active part on the side of his country during the Revolution. In 1775 he was a member of the Provincial Congress, and in 1776 was appointed Judge of the Superior Court ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1782 ; a member of the Execu tive Council, and Judge of Probate. In 1790 was appointed Attorney General, which office he retained till J807, when he was elected Governor of the State. He was the author of a History of Maine ; a Disserta tion on Banks, and on the Suability of States ; History of Land Titles in Massa chusetts ; a Dissertation on the Constitu tional Liberty of the Press ; and a History of the Penobscot Indians. Died December 10, 1808. Had the title of LL.D. ^.Sullivan, John.— Born in Massachu setts, and died in New Hampshire in 1795. He settled, as a lawyer, in that State; at tained the rank of MajorGeneralin the Revo lutionary army ; was captured at the battle of Long Island, and commanded a division at Trenton, Brandy wine, and Germantown, and also an expedition against the Indians. He was a Delegate, from New Hampshire, to the Continental Congress, in 1774 and 1775, and again in 1780 and 1781; three years President of New Hampshire ; and in 1789 he was appointed a Judge of the District Court, which office he held unti his death. Summers, George W.— He was born in Fairfax County, Virginia, near Alexan dria, but has lived from infancy in Kana wha County, in the western part of the State. He was educated for the legal pso- fession, and came to the bar in 1827. In 1830 he was elected a member of the House of Delegates, and continued to rep resent Kanawha County in the Legislature for several years. He was elected to the House of Representatives in the spring of 1841, and re-elected in 1843, serv ing throughout the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses. In 1850 he was elected a member of the State Con vention which framed the present Constitu tion of Virginia. In 1851 hewas unani mously nominated as the Whig candidate for Governor at the first election oi the Governor by the people, that officer having been previously chosen by the Legislature, but was defeated. In May, 1852, he was elected Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial Circuit in Virginia, and having served in that capacity for six years, he resigned his office July 1, 1858, there being two years of the term for which he had been elected unexpired. He has of late devoted him self to agriculture and the practice of law, and was a'Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Sumner, Charles. — Was born in Bos ton, Massachusetts, January 6, 1811 ; gra duated at Harvard College in 1830 ; spent the three following years at the Cambridge Law School ; had the editorial charge for three years of the "American Jurist;" was admitted to the bar in 1834, and set tled in Boston ; was subsequently the Re porter of the United States Circuit Court, and published three volumes, which now bear his name ; was for three winters a teacher at the Cambridge Law School; soon afterwards edited "Dunlap's Treatise on Admiralty Practice;" and about this time declined a Professorship tendered to him by his Alma Mater. In 1837 he visited Em-ope, was received with marked attention in England, and remained abroad until 1840. During the years 1844-46 he produced an edition of " Vesey's Reports," in twenty volumes ; from that time onward he frequently appeared iu public as a speaker on various philanthropic and lite rary subjects, and two volumes of his ora tions were published in 1850. In 1,851 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Massachusetts; in 1856, for w-ords uttered in debate on the subject of Slavery, hewas BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 367 assaulted at his desk in the Senate Cham ber, by Preston Brooks, a Representative from South Carolina, from the effects of which his health suffered, and he again visited Europe, having been, just before his departure, re-elected for a second term to the Senate. In 1853 he published a work on "White Slavery in the Bar- bary States," and in 1856 a volume of "Speeches and Addresses." In 1863 he was re-elected to the Senate for the third term, ending in 1869, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and on several other important commit tees ; and was also a member of the Na tional Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Sumter, Thomas.— A distinguished soldier of the American Revolution ; was a citizen of South Carolina ; and w-as pro moted, by Governor Rutledge, in 1780, from the office of Colonel to that of Briga dier General. For his services he received the thanks of Congress, and the applause of his country. In 1801 he was elected a Senator in Congress, serving until 1809, when he was appointed Minister to Brazil. He died suddenly, June 1, 1832, aged ninety-seven. Sumter, Thomas D.— Born in Penn sylvania ; and elected a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1840 to 1843. Sutherland, Joel B. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1837, and was Chairman of the Committee on Commerce during the Twenty-fourth Con gress. Died in Philadelphia, November 15, 1861. Sutherland, Josiah. — He was born in New York ; and was elected a Representa tive to the Thirty-second Congress from that State. Swan, John. — He was a Delegate, from North Carolina, to the Continental Con gress, from 1787 to 1788. Swan, Samuel. — Born in Somerset County, New Jersey, in 1771 ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1821 to 1831 ; and died at Brunswick, New Jersey, August 24, 1844. Swanwick, John. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1795 to 1798, having resigned before the expiration of his second term. Swart, Peter. — He was a member of the New York Senate, from Schoharie County, from 1817 to 1820 ; and had been a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1807 to 1809. Swearingen, Henry. — Bora in Penn sylvania'; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1839 to 1841. Swearingen, Thomas V. — He was bora in Jefferson County, Virginia ; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1822, when he died, in Virginia. Sweat, Lorenzo D. M. — Born in Par- sonsfield, York County, Maine, May 26, 1818; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1837, and at the Harvard Law School in 1 840 ; during the next two years he prac ticed law in New Orleans ; in 1856 and 1860 he was City Solicitor in Portland ; in 1861 and 1862 a member of the State Senate ; and was elected a Representative, from Maine, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Sweeny, George. — Born in Pennsyl vania ; and was a Representative iu Con gress, from Ohio, from 1839 to 1843. Sweetser, Charles. — Born in Vermont; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 1853. Swift, Beirjamin. — He was born in Amenia, New York, April 5, 1781 ; he re ceived an academic education ; studied law, and was admitted to practice at Benning ton in 1806 ; he was settled for a time in Manchester, and subsequently in St. Albans, where he rose to eminence in his profession. In 1813 and 1814, 1825 and 1826, he was a Representative to the Gene ral Assembly; and was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1827 to 1831. He received the degree of A. M. from Middlebury College in 1820, and was a member of the Corporation of that insti tution from 1830 to 1839. In 1833 he was elected to the Senate of the United States for six years, after which he retired to pri vate life. While in apparent good health he died suddenly, in an open field on his farm, November 11, 1847. Swift, Zephaniah. — He was born in Wareham, Massachusettes, in 1759 ; grad uated at Yale College in 1778, and estab lished himself as a lawyer at Windham, Connecticut, where his superior talents 368 BIOGRAPHIC AL RECORDS. gained him a lucrative practice in his pro fession. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Connecticut, from 1793 to 1797 ; and in 1800 was Secretary to Ells worth, Davie, and Murray, in their mis sion to France. Soon after his return he was placed on the bench of the Superior Court of the State, where he continued eighteen years, during the last five of which he was Chief Justice. He was afterwards a member of the State Legisla ture, and was one of a Committee to revise the Statute Laws of the State. He was also a Delegate to the Hartford Conven tion. He published several works; among them w-as a "Digest of the Laws of Con necticut, on the model of Blackstone." He died at Warren, Ohio, September 27, 1823. Swoope, Jacob. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1809 to 1811. Swope, Samuel F. — He was born in Kentucky ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Sykes, George. — He was born in New- Jersey ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Sykes, James. — He was a Delegate, from Delaware, to the Continental Con gress, from 1777 to 1778. Symmes, John C. — He was a Dele gate, from New Jersey, to the Continental Congress in 1765 and 1786. Taber, Thomas. — He was born in New- York, May 19, 17,65 ; was devoted to agri cultural pursuits ; a member of the New Y'ork Legislature in 1826; a Representa tive in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1827 to 1829 ; and died March 21, 1862. Tabor, Stephen. — He was born in Dover, Dutchess County, New Y'ork, (his father, Ihomas Tabor, having also served in Congress;) received a good academical education ; in 1839 he settled in Queen's County, on Long Island, and was engaged in the pursuit of farming; in 1860 and 1861 he was elected to the State Legisla ture ; and in 1864 he was elected a Rep resentative, from New Y'ork, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Taggart, Samuel. — Born in London derry, Massachusetts; and graduated at Dartmouth in 1774 ; he studied for the ministry, and settled in Coleraine in 1777. He was elected a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, serving from 1803 to 1817; and died in 1825, aged seventy-one years. Tait, Charles. — He was born in Louisa County, Virginia, but removed at an early age to Georgia. He was for several years a Judge of the Superior Court of Georgia; and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1819. He distinguished him self as a supporter of the Administrations of Madison and Monroe. In 1819 he re moved to Alabama, and was appointed a Judge of the District Court, when first established in that State, which office he resigned in 1826. He died in Wilcox County, Alabama, October 7, 1835, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. Talbot, Albert G. — He was bom in Kentucky ; and was elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was Chairman of the Committee on Expendi tures in the War Department, and a mem ber of that on Roads and Canals. Talbot, Isharn.— He was born in Bed ford County, Virginia, in 1773 ; received a good education ; studied law, and prac ticed with success ; he was a member of the Kentucky Senate from 1812 to 1815; from 1815 to 1819 a member of the United States Senate, and for a second term, from 1820 to 1825. He died near Frankfort, September 27, 1S37. Talbot, Silas. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1793 to 1794, when he was appointed, by President Washington, Captain in the Navy, having previously served a number of years in the State Assembly from Mont gomery County. Taliaferro, Benjamin. — He. was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1799 to 1802. Died September 3, 1821. Taliaferro, John. — He was born in Spottsylvania County, Virginia, in 1768 ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1801 to 1803, from 1811 to 1813, from 1824 to 1831, and from 1835 to 1843. In 1805 and 1821 he was also a Presidential Elector. For three years before his death he was Librarian of the Treasury Depart ment in Washington. He died at his resi dence in Virginia, August 18, 1853. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 369 Tallmadge, Benjamin. — He was born in Suffolk County, New York, February 25, 1754. His military services were very valuable ; he acted a prominent part in the capture of Andre' ; planned and conducted the expedition in 1780 which resulted in the capture of Fort George and the destruc tion of the British stores on Long Island ; and was a member of Washington's mili tary family. After the war, having at tained the rank of General, he engaged in mercantile pursuits, and acquired a large property. He was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1801 to 1817. He w-as highly respected for his public services and private character, and died at Litchfield, Connecticut, March 6, 1835. Tallmadge, Frederick A. — He was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, August 29, 1792 ; graduated at Yale College in 1811 ; and having studied law, settled in practice in New York in 1814. In 1836 he was elected an Alderman of the city, and also a State Senator; was, subsequently, five years Recorder of the city ; a Repre sentative, from New York, in the Thirtieth Congress ; was again Recorder for three years ; and in 1 857 was appointed General "Superintendent of the Metropolitan Police, and was subsequently appointed Clerk of the Court of Appeals. Tallmadge, James, Jr. — He was born in Stanford, Dutchess County, New York, January 28, 1788 ; graduated at Brown University in 1798 ; and was by profession a lawyer. He was early iu lite Private Secretary to Governor Clinton, and during the war of 1812 commanded a portion of the force detailed for the defence of New York City. From 1817 to 1819 he was a Representative in Congress from New York, and declined a re-election; he was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the State ; and in 1823 was elected to the Assembly from Dutchess County. From 1825 to 1828 he was Lieu tenant Governor, under Clinton, and in 1846 a member of the Constitutional Con vention of New York. For the last twenty years of his life he was President of the American Institute in New York. He visited Europe, and benefited the United States by his introduction of a knowledge of American machinery into Russia, and induced that government to adopt it in then- manufacture of cotton goods. He was one of the founders of the University of New Y'ork, and was President of the Council. He was honored with the degree fo LL.D. from that institution. He died 24 suddenly in New York City, September 29, 1853. Tallmadge, Nathaniel P. — He was born in Chatham, Columbia County, New York, February 8, 1795 ; graduated at Union College ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1818 ; was a member of the Assembly of New York in 1828 ; ofthe State Senate from 1830 to 1833 ; a Senator in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1844 ; and was subsequently appointed, by President Tyler, Territorial Governor of Wisconsin, where he resided, devoted to his profession. Died at Battle Creek, Michigan, November 2, 1864. Tallman, Peleg. — He was born at Tiverton, Rhode Island, in 1764 ; in 1778, at the age of fourteen, he entered into the privateering service for employment ; in 1780 he had his left arm shot off ; and in 1781 he was taken prisoner, and was con fined in Ireland and England till the peace in 1783. He soon afterwards became com mander of a 'merchant vessel, and, after following a seafaring life for many years, he devoted himself to the business of a merchant, and acquired a large fortune. He was a' Representative in Congress, from . Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813, and died at Bath, Maine, March 8, 1841. Tannehill, Adamson.— He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1813 to 1815. Died December 23, 1820. _ Tappan, Benjamin. — Born at North ampton, Massachusetts, May 25, 1773; was taught the business of copper-plate engraving and printing ; devoted some at tention to portrait painting ; and subse quently studied and adopted the profession of law. In 1799 he emigrated to Ohio, and was one of the earliest settlers there ; in 1803 was elected to the Legislature of the new State; he served in the war of 1812 as aide-de-camp to General YVads- worth; was for seven years President Judge of the Fifth Ohio Circuit ; in 1833 he was appointed, by President Jackson, United States Judge for the District of Ohio ; and he was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 1839 to 1845, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Library. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1833. He died at Steubenville, Ohio, April 12, 1857. i Tappan, Mason W.— Born in New port, Sullivan County, New Hampshire; fitted for college, and studied law as a pro- 370 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. fession ; he was a member of the State Legislature in 1853, 1854, and 1855; and a Representative, from New Hampshire, in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re elected to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary, and in the last Congress as Chairman of the Committee of Claims. He was also a member of the Special Commit tee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. Tarr, Christian. — He was born in Bal timore, Maryland, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1820 to 1821. Tate, Magnus.— He was a Representa tive in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1815 to 1817. Tatnall, Edward F. — He was born in Savannah, Georgia, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Georgia, from 1,621 to 1827. Tatnall, Josiah. — He Was born at Bonaventure, near Savannah, and died in the West Indies in 1804. His boyhood was full of adventure, and at the age of eighteen he joined the army of General Wayne, at Ebenezer. In 1793 he was ap pointed Colonel of a Georgia regiment, and in 1800 a Brigadier General, participat ing extensively in the military affairs of the State, and serving occasionally in the Le gislature. He also served in 1796, at Louis ville, in the General Assembly that re scinded the Yazoo Act of 1795, and was a Senator in Congress, from Georgia, from 1796 to 1799. Tatum, Absalom. — A Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, during the years 1795 and 1796. Taul, Micah.— He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1815 to 1817. Taylor, Asher.— He was a Representa tive, from New York, to the Twenty-eighth Congress. Taylor, George.— Born in Ireland in 1716 ; left his father's house clandestinely, and came to Philadelphia, where, as a day laborer, he obtained the money to pay his passage across the Atlantic; soon became a clerk with the man who had advanced him money ; and in after years married the widow of his benefactor. In 1764 he was elected to the Provincial Assembly at Phila delphia, serving six years ; he was re-elected to the Assembly in 1775 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777, and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence; and spent the remainder of his life in retirement. He died at Easton, Pennsylvania, February 23, 1781 . Taylor, George. — He was born in Wheeling, Virginia, October 19, 1820, and, after receiving a liberal education, turned his attention to the study of medi cine, but subsequently adopted the profes sion of law ; he was admitted to the bar in 1840, and removed to Indiana, where he was successful as a special pleader. In 1844 he removed to Alabama, and there practiced his profession for four years, after which he removed to New York. In 1856 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and on the Cost of Public Build ings. As an author, writing upon topics connected with the natural sciences, he has been successful. A work published in 1851, and entitled "Indications of the Cre ator," has passed through four editions, and been highly applauded by the critics of England and France. He has also written much in behalf of popular educa tion, and his collected addresses and lec tures make quite a large and interesting volume. Taylor, John. — He was born in Orange County, Virginia; was distinguished for his attention to agriculture, and published a work entitled "Constructor Construed: an Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States: 1814;" and was a Senator of the United States, from Virginia, from 1792 to 1794, when he resigned, and in 1803, and from 1822 to 1824. He died in Caroline County, Virginia, August 20, 1824, at an advanced Taylor, John. — Bom in South Carolina in 1770; graduated at Princeton College in 1790; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1793, but turned his attention chiefly to planting; served in the State Legislature a number of years ; was a Presidential Elector in 1797 ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1807 to 1809, and also from 1817 to 1821 ; was a Senator in Congress from 1810 to 1816; was a trustee of the South Carolina College in 1806 ; a State Senator in 1810 and ld22; Governor of the State from 1826 to 1828 ; and died in 1832. He was also at one time Receiver of Public Moneys in Mississippi Territory. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 371 Taylor, John J.— He was born in Mas sachusetts, and having settled in New York, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Taylor,' John L. — Born in Stafford County, Virginia, March 7, 1805; was educated in the common schools and sem inaries of the neighborhood ; studied law in Washington City, and was admitted to the bar in 1828 ; settled in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1829; he was for six years Major General of the Ohio Militia; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1847 to 1855, serving from time to time on important committees. Taylor, John W. — Born in Saratoga County, New York, in 1784, and grad uated at Union College iu 1803. He studied law in Albany ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1811, and while in that body was elected to Congress, where he served from 1813 to 1833. He was Speaker of the House during the second session of the Sixteenth Congress, during the passage of the Missouri Compromise. He removed to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1843, where he died in September, 1854. He was for many years a leading and promi nent statesman of New York, and was esteemed for his personal virtues and libe ral hospitality. Taylor, Jonathan. — He was a native of Connecticut, and having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Taylor, Miles. — He was born in New York, and having taken up his residence in Louisiana, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty- fourth, Thirty- fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, and he was a member of the Committee on Claims, and on the Judiciary, and a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States ; withdrew in Feb ruary, 1861. Taylor, Nathaniel G. — Born in Carter County, Tennessee, December 29, 1819; studied at Washington College in that State, but graduated at Princeton College in 1840 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bai rn 1843 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Tennessee, from 1854 to 1855, as the successor of Brookins Campbell. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1853, and of late years has been1 a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church South. In 1865 he was re-elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, but was not admitted to his seat until near the end of the first session of that Congress. Taylor, Nelson. — Born in South Nor- walk, Connecticut, June 8, 1821 ; received a common school education, and adopted the profession of law ; as Captain in the First Regiment New York Volunteers he fought through the Mexican war ; was elected in 1849 to the State Senate of Cali fornia; was President of the Board of Trustees of the California Hospitals, (which subsequently became the State Insane Asylum,) from 1850 to 1856; was Sheriff of San Joaquin County, California, in 1853; in 1861 hewas mustered into mili tary service as Colonel of the Seventy- second Regiment of New York Volunteers ; promoted to the rank of Brigadier General in 1862, and iu 1864 was elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Select Com mittee on Freedmen, and that on Invalid Pensions. Taylor, Robert. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, his na tive State, from 1825 to 1827. Taylor, Waller. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Indiana, from 1816 to 1825, and died in Lunenburg County, Virginia, August 26, 1 826. He held offices of trust in the Territory of Indiana, served as aide- de-camp to General Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe, and was a man of high literary attainments. Taylor, William. — He was born in Connecticut in 1793 ; removed with his parents to Onondaga County, New York, when quite young ; received a common school education ; was a member in 1812 of a Medical Society, and at one time President of the New York Medical Society, and was a practicing physician for fifty years. He was for many years President of the Board of Supervisors for the State ; a member of the State Legislature in 1841 and 1842, in 1852 and 1853, in the two latter years representing New York city ; aud he was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1839. Died at Manlius, Onondaga County, September 6, 1865. Taylor, William. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. 372 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Taylor, William.— Born in Alexandria, District of Columbia ; adopted the profes sion of law, which he practiced in Rock ingham county; was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1843 to 1846, having died before the expiration of his second term, in Washington City, January 17, 1 846. Tazewell, Hemy. — He was a Senator iu Congress, from Virginia, from 1794 to 1799, and President pro tern, of the Senate during a part of the Third Con gress. He died January 24, 1799, in Wash ington. Tazewell Littleton W. — Bom in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1774 ; educated at William "and Mary College ; studied law, and attained great success in his pro fession; was a member of the, Virginia Legislature in 1798; a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 1801 ; a Senator in Congress, from 1824 to 1832 ; and Governor of Virginia, from 1834 to 1836. In the Senate he was Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and President pro tcm. of that body during a part of the Twenty-second Congress. In 1820 he was one of the Commissioners under the Florida Treaty, and his last great effort as a lawyer was made in the Supreme Court of the United States, in what was known as the "Cochineal case." He died at Norfolk, Virginia, May 6, 1860. Telfair, Edward. — He was a Delegate, from Georgia, to the Continental Congress, from 1777 to 1779, and again from 1780 to 1783, and he was also one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. Telfair, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1813 to 18)7. Died at Savannah, Georgia, in April, 181 8 ; was a graduate of Princeton College in 1805. Teller, James. — He was elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Thirty- third Congress, for the unexpired term of Gilbert Dean, resigned. Temple, William.— Bom in Queen Anne County, Maryland, February 28, 1815 ; received a good academic education, and adopted the occupation of a merchant in Smyrna, Delaware. In 1844 he was elected to the State Legislature, and was Speaker of the House ; and the Governor of the State and President of the Senate having died, he became acting Governor for the balance of the term. During the next ten years he was a member of the State Senate, and declined a re-election in 1854 ; and hewas elected a Representative, from Delaware, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, but died before taking his seat, at Smyrna, Delaware, in the summer of 1863. Ten Eyck, Egbert. — He was bom in Rensselaer County, New York, April 18, 1779; graduated at Williams College; studied law in Albany ; was a member of the Assembly in 1812 and 1813, and Speaker; member also of the Constitu tional Convention of 1822 ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from New- York, from 1823 to 1825. He also held the offices of Judge of the Jefferson County Court, and President of a County Agriculturai Society. He died at Watertown, New York, April 11, 1844. Ten Eyck John C. — Born in Freehold, New Jersey, March 12, 1814; obtained a classical education under private tutors ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1835. In 1839 he was appointed Prose cutor of the Pleas for Burlington County, holding the position for ten years ; he was a member of the New Jersey Constitutional Convention of 1844 ; and was elected a Senator in Congress for the term com mencing in 1859, and ending in 1865, serv ing on the Committees on Commerce, and the Judiciary. Tenney, Samuel. — Was born in Byfield Parish, Newbuiy, Massachusetts ; and hav ing received a collegiate education at Har vard University, graduating in 1772, com menced the study of medicine. When the Revolutionary war began, he was found among the assertors of his country's rights, and was present at the battle of Bunker's Hill, where he was employed in attending upon the wounded. He served during the whole war, and was attached to the Rhode Island line of the Provincial army. At the close of the war he retired from his profession, and settled at Exeter, New Hampshire. For many years he was Judge of Probate ; and in 1800 was elected a Rep resentative from that State in the Congress of the United States, serving until 1807. His death, which occurred in 1816, was universally regretted. An ardent lover of his country, a faithful expounder of her laws and institutions, and an elegant scholar, his memory is still fondly cherished by many who knew him. Terrill, William. — He was frequently a member of the Georgia Legislature, and BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 37; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1821. Becoming tired of politics, he took groat interest in the promotion of agricultural science, and in 1853 he made a donation of $20,000 for the establishment of an agricultural pro fessorship in the University of Georgia, which professorship bears his name. He was one of the most accomplished and use ful citizens of his State, and died at Sparta, Georgia, July 4, 1855. Terry, Nathaniel. — Born in Enfield, Connecticut, in 1768, and graduated at Yale College in 1786. lie resided in Hartford, Connecticut, and held various offices in his native State ; from 1817 to 1819 was a Representative in Congress, and died in New Haven, June 14, 1844. * Test, John. — He was a native of Salem, New Jersey, and emigrated to Indiana; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1827, and from 1829 to 1831 . He was Presiding Judge of one of the Circuit Courts of Indiana ; and after wards removed to Mobile, Alabama, where he gained a high reputation for his learn ing and talents as a lawyer. He died near Cambridge City, Indiana, October 9, 1849. Thacher, George. — Bora in Yarmouth, Massachusetts, April 12, 1754 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1776; studied law, and established himself in practice in Bidde- ford, Maine ; he was a Delegate to the old Congress, and on the adoption of the Con stitution, served as a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1789 to 1801 ; in 1792 he was elected a District Judge in Maine, serving until 1 800, when he was chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court in Massachusetts ; and he held the latter office until January, 1824, when he resigned, and died on the 6th of April fol lowing. He was also a member of the Convention which formed the Constitution of Maine in 1819. He was a man of supe rior abilities, and performed all his duties to the entire satisfaction of the public. He was famous for his wit, and when a bill was reported in Congress respecting the use of the eagle on American coin, he playfully recommended a goose, for which he was challenged by the reporter of the bill, and the challenge he ridiculed. Thacher, Samuel. — He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, July 1, 1776; graduated at Harvard University in 1793 ; adopted the profession of law ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1802 to 1805. He also served eleven years in the Massachusetts Legisla ture, and was Sheriff of Lincoln County from 1814 to 1821. In 1866 he was a resi dent of Bangor, Maine. Thayer, Eli. — Born in Mendon, Wor cester County, Massachusetts, June 11, 1819 ; graduated at Brown University in 1845 ; was a teacher in the Worcester Academy for three years ; was a farmer by occupation; served as Alderman of the city of Worcester in 1853 ; he was a Rep resentative in the Massachusetts Legisla ture during the years 1853 and 1854 ; elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, from that State, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Militia ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands. He was the founder of the New England Emigrant Aid Society; and has been identified with other societies of a benevolent character. Thayer, M. Russell. — He was born in Petersburg, Virginia, January 27, 1819 ; graduated at the University of Pennsylva nia in 1840 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842; and was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Private Land Claims. He received from his Alma Mater the two degrees of Bachelor and Master of Arts. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Bankrupt Law, and as Chairman of that on Private Land Claims. Theaker, Thomas C. — Born in York County, Pennsylvania, February 1, 1812; received a good English education ; re moved to Ohio in 1830; has devoted the most of his life to the occupation of a mill wright and machinist ; and he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia, and Enrolled Bills. He was subsequently appointed one of a Board of Commissioners to examine into the affairs of the Patent Office ; and iin 1 865 was ap pointed by President Johnson Commis sioner of Patents. Thibodeaux, B. G. — Born in Louisiana, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term ending in 1849. Died in the Parish of Terrebonne, Louisiana, in March, 1866. Thomas, Benjamin F. — Was born in Boston, February 12, 1813; removed to 374 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Worcester in 1819; graduated at Brown University in 1830 ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1 833 ; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1842 ; was appointed Judge of Probate for the County of Worcester in 1844, resigning the office in 1848 ; was a Presidential Elector ou the Taylor ticket in that year ; and in 1853 he was appointed to the bench of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, holding the office six years, when he resigned. He subsequently returned to Boston to practice his profession, residing in West Roxbury, and in 1861 he was elected a Representa tive, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Special Committee on the Bankrupt Law. Thomas, David. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1801 to 1808 ; served four years in the Assembly of that State ; and also held the position of State Treasurer. Thomas, D. B— After the close of the Rebellion in 1865 he was elected a Repre sentative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, but was not declared en titled to his seat until near the end of the first session of that Congress. (A proper notice of him is necessarily postponed until the next edition of this work.) Thomas, Francis. — He was born in Frederick County, Maryland, February 3, 1799 ; was educated at St. John's College, in that State ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1820 ; was a member of the House of Delegates in 1822, 1827, and 1829, when he was chosen Speaker ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1831 to 1841. In 1839 he was President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal ; and was a member of the Maryland Constitutional Convention in 1850. He was also the author of the measure which resulted in the transfer of political power from the slaveholding counties in Mary land to those portions where the white pop ulation was generally located. During one term in Congress he was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, and a report made by him led to the settlement of the boundary difficulties between Ohio and Michigan. From 1841 to 1844 he was Governor of Maryland ; was elected, for the sixth time, a Representative to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee. Also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lin coln, the Judiciary, the Bankrupt Law and the Postal Railroad to New York. He was one of the first men in Maryland t° warn the people of the approaching Rebel lion ; and after hostilities had commenced raised a brigade of 3,000 volunteers, hut declined all appointments connected with the organization. Thomas, Isaac. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1817. Thomas, James Houston. — Was bom in Iredell County, North Carolina, Septem ber 22, 1808 ; received the degree of A. B. from Columbia College, Tennessee, in 1830; studied and adopted the profession of law; in 1836 was elected Attorney General for the State, holding the office six years ; was , for many years the law partner of James K. Polk ; was a Representative in Con gress, from Tennessee, from 1847 to 1851 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; and in 1859 he was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee ou Revolutionary Pensions. Thomas, Jesse B. — He was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Indiana, from 1808 to 1809, and was then appointed United States Judge of Illinois Territory. He was also one the first Senators in Con gress, from Illinois, having held the posi tion from 1818 to 1829, serving on import ant committees. He died in February, 1850. Thomas, John C. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1799 to 1801. Thomas, John L., Jr. — Born in Balti more, Maryland, May 20, 1835; received his education at the Alleghany County Academy; studied law and came to the bar in 1856 ; in 1861 he was appointed Solicitor for the city of Baltimore, holding the office two years ; in 1863 he was elected State Attorney for Maryland ; in 1864 was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Con vention, and in 1865 he was elected a Rep resentative, from Maryland, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of E. H. Webster, serv ing on the Committees on Commerce and Revolutionary Claims. Thomas, Philemon.— A native of North Carolina, where, during the Revolutionary war, he was engaged in many skirmishes with the British. He resided some years BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 375 in Kentucky, and was a member of the Legislature of that State ; he afterwards removed to Louisiana, and, in 1810 and 1811, headed the insurrection at Baton Rouge -which threw off the yoke of Spain from West Florida. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1831 to J 835, and died at Baton Rouge, Louis iana, November 18, 1847, aged eighty- three years. Thomas, Philip Francis. — He was born in Talbot County, Maryland, Septem ber 12, J 810; was educated at Dickinson College ; studied law, ' and was admitted to the bar in 1831 ; in 1836 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention ; in 1838 was elected to the State Legislature ; was a Representative in Congress, from 1839 to 1841 ; was subsequently Judge of the Land Office Court of the Eastern Shore of Maryland ; in 1843 and 1845 was elected to the House of Delegates; and in 1847 was elected Governor of Maryland. In the early part of 1860 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Commissioner of the Patent Office, and on the resignation of Howell Cobb as Secretary of the Treas ury, in December, 1860, he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in Mr. Buchan an's Cabinet. Thtomas, Richard. — He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1795 to 1801. Died in Philadelphia iu 1 832, aged eighty-seven years. Thomasson, William P. — Born in Henry County, Kentucky; commenced the study of law at an early age ; and when eighteen, was licensed to practice1 at Cory- don, Indiana, from which place he was elected to the Legislature. He removed to Louisville about the year .1841, and was chosen a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1843 to 1847. He after wards went to Chicago, where he was en gaged in the practice of his profession until the breaking out of the Rebellion, when he served in the Union army as a Colonel of volunteers. Thompson, Benjamin. — Born in Mas sachusetts in 1798. He held many respon sible offices in the town of Charlestown, and was several times a Representative in the State Legislature. He was twice elected to Congress as a member from the Fourth District of Massachusetts, serving from 1845 to 1847 ; and again from March, 1851, till his death. He united mental cultivation and sound judgment with great business talent. His services upon the Committee on Military Affairs during the Mexican war were especially valuable. He died in Charlestown, September 24, 1652. Thompson, George W. — He was born in Ohio ; and, removing to Virginia, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1852. Thompson, Hedge. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Jersey during the years 1827 and 1828. Died at Salem, July 20, 1828. Thompson, Jacob. — He was born iu • Caswell County, North Carolina, May 15, 1810, and received his education at the University of Chapel Hill. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1834, and during the following year removed to the State of Mississippi. Elected to Con gress as a Representative from Mississippi in 1339, he continued to serve in that capacity until 1851. On first taking his seat in Congress he was placed on the Com mittee on Public Lands, and was for some years Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was a defender of Mississippi and of the Democratic party at the time when the cry of repudiation was ringing throughout the land ; and as ho had in 1845 declined going into the United States Senate by appointment of the Governor of Mississippi, so did he in 1851 decline a re election to the House of Representatives. He was appointed by President Buchanan Secretary of the Interior Department. That position he resigned in January, 1861, and, joining the Rebellion, served as Governor of Mississippi and in the insurgent army. Thompson, J. B. — He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1851 ; and in 1853 he was elected a Senator in Congress for the long term. He was a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims and of that on Pensions. Thompson, James. — Born in Middle sex, Butler County, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1806. He received a good education, and commenced life as a printer ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828; he was elected to the Assembly of his native State in 1832, 1833, and 1834, presiding during the last session as Speaker ; in 1836 he was a Presidential Elector ; he was Pre siding Judge of the District Court for six years, and a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1851. Of late years he has 376 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. been chiefly devoted to the practice of his profession, and in 1847 was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, for fifteen years. Thompson, Joel. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815, having previously served one year in the State Assembly, from Albany, and two years from Chenango County. Thompson, John. — He was a member of the New- Y'ork Assembly, from Albany, in 1788 and 1789, in 1827 from Delaware County, in 1602 and 1S41 from Dutchess County ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New- Y'ork, from 1799 to 1801, and again from 1807 to 1811. Thompson, John. — He w-as born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in 1777 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1625 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1837. He died at New- Lisbon, Ohio, December 2, 1852. Thompson, John. — He was born in Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, New York, July 4, 1809. He was educated at Yale and Union Colleges ; lived on a farm until sixteen years of age, since which time he has devoted himself to the law ; andagainst his own wishes and consent was elected a Representative in Congress, from New York, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. Thompson, John R. — Born in Phila delphia, September 5, 1800; entered Prince ton College, but left in the junior year, and devoted himself to mercantile pursuits, making a voyage to China in 1817, and in 1 820 established himself as a merchant in Canton; was appointed Consul of the United States at that port in 1623, and re mained there until 1825. Since the year 1830 he has been engaged in the manage ment of several railways, and of the New Jersey Canal. In 1844 he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of New Jersey, and was United States Senator, from New Jersey, from 1853 to 1857, and was re-elected for the term ending in 1863. He was a member of the Committees on Naval Affairs and on the Post Office and Post Roads. He was offered a seat in the Cabinet by President Buchanan, which he declined. Died at Trenton, September 13, 1862. Thompson, Mark. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1795 to 1799. Thompson, Philip. — He was a native of Kentucky, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825. Thompson, Philip R. — Born in 1766, and died in Kanawha County, Virginia, July 22, 1837. He was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1801 to 1807. Thompson, Richard W. — He was born in Culpeper County, Virginia, June 9, 1809 ; received a good English and classical education; and his love of ad venture led him into the wilds of Kentucky before he became of age. In 1 831 he settled in Louisville, and became a clerk in an extensive mercantile house ; tiring of this, he removed to Lawrence County, Indiana, taught school for a few months, but again turned his attention to merchandising, sell ing goods and studying law at the same time. He was admitted to the bar in 183-1, and was almost immediately elected to the Indiana Legislature; was re-elected in 1835 ; in 1836 he was elected to the State Senate, served two years, and was for a time President pro tern, of the Senate, and Acting Lieutenant Governor; he was a Presidential Elector in 1840, and voted for General Harrison, whose election he zeal ously advocated with his pen and on the stump ; and in 1841 he was elected a) Rep resentative in Congress for the term ending in 1843. In 1844 he was again chosen a Presidential Elector ; was again a Repre sentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1847 to 1849, when he declined a re-election. Since that time he has held no public office, but has been devoted to the practice of his profession at Terre Haute.' President Taylor offered him the appointment of Charge d'Affaires to Austria, and President Fillmore the office of Recorder of the General Land Office, both of which he declined. In 1864 he was elected a Presi dential Elector. Thompson, Robert A. — He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849.- Now Land Commissioner in Cali fornia. Thompson, Thomas W. — He gradu ated at Harvard University in 17S6 ; was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1805 to 1807; State Treasurer in 1809; and a United States Senator from 1814 to 1817. He was a neighbor and one of the earliest friends of Daniel Webster. Died at Concord in October, 1320, aged fifty -five year's. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 377 Thompson, Waddy. — He was born at Pickensville, South Carolina, September 8, 1798 ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1814, and having studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1819. He has served in the Legislature of his native State ; was at one time Solicitor for the Western Circuit of South Carolina ; was chosen a Presidential Elector ; attained the military title of Brigadier General ; and was appointed, in 1842, Minister Plenipo tentiary to Mexico, about which he pub lished an interesting work. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from 1835 to 1841, serving, in 1840, as Chairman of the Com mittee on Military Affairs. Thompson, Wiley. — He was a native of Amelia County, Virginia, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1821 to 1833. Thompson, William. — He was bom in Pennsylvania, and having settled in Iowa, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1847 to 1851. Thomson, Alexander. — He was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1824 to 1326; died at his residence in Chambersburg, Pennsyl vania, August 2, 1848, aged sixty-three years. Thorington, James. — He was born in North Carolina, and removing to Iowa, was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Thornton, Anthony. — He was bom in Bourbon County, Kentucky, November 9, 1814 ; graduated at the University of Mi ami, in Ohio, and adopted the profession of law. In 1847 he was a member of "the Convention which framed the Constitution of Illinois ; in 1850 he was a member of the State Legislature ; in 1862 a Delegate to the Convention to revise the State Con stitution, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committee of Claims and the Select Committee on the Bankrupt Law. Thornton, Matthew. — Born in Ire land in 1714, but came to this country with his father in 1717 ; studied medicine in Massachusetts, but settled to practice in New Hampshire ; was appointed a Surgeon in the army; commanded a regiment of militia in the Revolutionary war; was President of the Provincial Convention of New Hampshire ; was, for six years, Judge of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas ; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress, from 1776 to 1778 ; and was one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde pendence. He also served for several years in the General Court and in the State Sen ate ; was appointed Justice of the Peace and Quorum throughout the State, and died at Newburyport, Massachusetts, Juno 24, 1803. Throop, Enos T. — He was born in Johnstown, Montgomery County, New- York, August 21 , 1784 ; while performing the duties of an attorney's clerk, he ac quired a classical education ; studied law, and settled in Auburn ; was a Representa tive in Congress during the years 1815 and 1816 ; in 1823 was elected Circuit Judge ; in 1829, Lieutenant Governor of New York; and in 1831 was Governor of that State. In 1838 he was appointed Charge d'Affaires to the Two Sicilies. Thruston, Buckner. — Born in Virgin ia, about the year 1763. He emigrated in early life to Kentucky, and being pos sessed of superior talents, he was soon called into the public service. He was appointed Federal Judge in the Territory of Orleans in 1805, and was the same year elected a member of the United States Sen ate, from Kentucky, for six years, but he resigned in 1809, on being appointed, by President Madison, Judge of the United States Circuit Court of the District of Co lumbia, which office he held until his death, which occurred at Washington, August 30, 1845. k Thurman, Allen G. — He was born in Virginia, and having taken up his residence in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Thurman, John R. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1849 to 1851, and died in New Y'ork, July 25, 1854. Thurston, Benjamin B. — He was born in Hopkinton, Rhode Island, June 29, 1 804 ; he received a common school edu cation ; was bred a merchant ; was elected fourteen years in succession to the Assem bly of his native State ; was a Presidential Elector in 1837 ; and in 1838 was Lieuten ant Governor ; and he was a Representa tive in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1847 to 1849, and again from 1851 to 1857. He was subsequently elected a member of the Senate of Rhode Island. 378 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Thurston, Jchn B. — He was born in Virginia in 1757 ; studied law, and emi grated to Kentucky, whence he was sent to the United States Senate, in 1805, for a long term. He was subsequently elected a Judge of the Circuit Court of Kentucky, in which position he continued until his death, which occurred at Washington, August 30, 1845. Thurston, Samuel R. — He was born in •- Maine ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1843, and was a Delegate in Congress, from the Territory of Oregon, from 1849 to 1851. He died on board the steamer Cali fornia, on her passage from Panama to San Francisco, April 9, 1S51. Tibbatts, John W. — He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847 ; also served as a Colonel in the Mex ican war. Tibbetts, George.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1803 to 1805, and a member of the State Assembly, from Rensselaer County, in 1802 and 1820, and of the State Senate, from 1815 to 1818. Tichenor, Isaac— Ho was born in 1754; graduated at Princeton College in 1775; and died at Bennington, Vermont, in De cember, 1838. He was an officer of the Revolution ; a Judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont ; a Representative, in the State Legislature; and a Senator in Congress during the sessions of 1796 and 1797, when he resigned; Governor of Vermont from 1797 to 1808; and again in the United States Senate, from 1815 to 1821. Timu, Edward. — He was born in 1765 ; was Governor of Ohio, from 1803 to 1807 ; and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1307 to 1809. He died July 9, 1629. Tilden, Daniel R.— He was born in Connecticut, aud, having settled in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Tilghman, Matthew.— He was a Dele gate, from Maryland, to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1777. Tillinghast, Joseph L.— Born in Taun ton, Massachusetts, iu 1791, and removed to Rhode Island in his boyhood. He grad uated at Brown University in 1819, and received the degree of M. A. ; in 1833 was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of that institution. He studied law, and devoted himself to its practice in Provi dence, with marked success, for thirty years ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Rhode Island, from 1837 to 1843. He was also for many years a member of the State Legislature, and was elected Speaker on several occasions ; and to him was awarded the authorship of the free schools and improved judiciary sys- j terns of his native State. Died December i 30, 1844, at Providence, Rhode Island. i Tillinghast, Thomas. — Bom in Rhode Island, and was for many years a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. He was a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from. 1797 to 1799, and again from 1601 to 1803. Tilton, James. — Was born in Delaware, June 1,1751; was a physician by profes sion, and became distinguished as a, Sur geon during the Revolutionary war. From 1777 to the close of the war, he acted as Hospital Surgeon, and introduced the use of hospital huts. After the war he resided for a few years on a farm in his native State. Was a Delegate in the Continental Congress, from 1783 to 1785. In 1785 he was appointed Commissioner of Loans. In 1812 he was appointed Surgeon General of the United States army. He published Observations on Military Hospitals, aud some papers on agriculture. He died May 14, 1822. Tipton, John. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Indiana, from 1831 to 1839; and died at Logansport, of apoplexy, in Titus, Obadiah. — He was a Represent- ati\je in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1837 to 1839." Todd, John. — He was born in Hart ford, Connecticut, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 1624. Died March 28, 1830. Todd, John B. S— He was born in Kentucky, and, having settled in Dakota, was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-sev enth Congress. During the first session of the Thirty-eighth Congress he contested the seat, as Delegate, which had been as signed to William Jayne, and was admitted as the duly elected Delegate from Dakota. He was a member of the National Com mittee to accompany the remains of Presi dent Lincoln to Illinois. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 379 Todd, Lemuel. — Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, July 29, 1817; educated at Dickinson College ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841, and practiced in his native town. In 1854 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Con gress, from Pennsylvania. Toland, George W. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1843. Graduated at Princeton College iu 1816. Tomlinson, Gideon. — He was bora at Stratford, Connecticut, December 31, 1780, and graduated at Yale College in 1802. He studied law, and practiced the profes sion in Fairfield. He was then called to public life, and in 1818 was chosen a Rep resentative in Congress, in which office he was continued till 1827. In that year he was chosen Governor of Connecticut, and remained in that station until March, 1831, when, on being appointed a Senator of the United States, he resigned his office as Governor. After six years' service he re turned to private life. Died October 8, 1854, at Fairfield, Connecticut. Tomlinson, Thomas A. — He was bom in New York ; served in the State Assem bly, from Essex County, in 1835 and 1836, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1841 to 1843. Tompkins, Caleb. — He was bom in Westchester County, New York, and was a member of the New York Assembly, from that County, from 1804 to 1806 ; and was elected a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1817 to 1821. Tompkins, Christopher. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1831 to 1835 ; and died at Glasgow, Kentucky, in 1845. Tompkins, Cydnor B. — Bom in Bel mont County, Ohio, November 8, 1810, and was educated at the Ohio University, at Athens ; was bred a farmer, and after wards studied law, having practiced for twenty-two years ; and was elected a Rep resentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, sen-ing as a member of the Committee on the Militia. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. Tompkins, Daniel D. — He was bom in Westchester County, New York, June 21, 1774. His father was a farmer, and he was his seventh son. He graduated at Columbia College in 1795, then studied law, and was admitted to practice in the city of New Y'ork in 1797. In 1821 he was a member of the Constitutional Con vention of the State, and also served in the State Legislature. He was elected a Representative in Congress from 1805 to 1807, but resigned to accept an appoint ment as Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. In 1807 he was elected Governor of the State, and held that office ten years. His aid in support of the Na tional Government, during the war of 1812, gave him prominence as a statesman. He prorogued the State Legislature in 1812 for the space of ten months, to prevent the establishment of the Bank of America in the city of New York ; his opposition post poned, but did not defeat the measure, and a charter was granted in 1813. InJ817 he resigned the office of Governor, and was elected Vice-President of the United States, and served two terms ; by virtue of which office he was also President of the Senate. He died in New- York, June 11, 1825. Tompkins, Patrick W. — He was born in Kentucky, and settling in Mississippi, was elected a Representative in Congress. from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Toombs, Robert. — He was bom in Wilkes County, Georgia, July 2, 1810. The first three years of his collegiate life were spent at the University of Georgia, but he left it during the senior year, and went to Schenectady, New York, and gra duated at Union College- He read law at the University of Virginia, under Judge Lomas ; was admitted to the bar of Georgia in 1829, and practiced regularly until his election to Congress in 1845. His first public service was as Captain of Volun teers in the Creek war, in 1836, under General Winfield Scott. In 1837 he was elected to the Legislature from his native county, where he now resides, and, with the exception of 1841, continued a member of the lower branch until his election to the Federal House of Representatives, where he served during the Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first, and Thirty-second Congresses. He entered the Senate during the Thirty-third Congress for six years, and was re-elected for a second term, end ing March 4, 1865. In the House, and also in the Senate, he always served on important committees. He was expelled March 14, 1861, and became Secretary of State in the Rebel government, and was 380 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. also a Brigadier General in the Great Re bellion. Toucey, Isaac. — He was born in Con necticut, in 1798. He received a common school education; adopted the profession of law, and early in life was State's Attor' ney for his native county. He was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1835 to 1839; in 1846 w-as elected Governor of Con necticut ; in 1848 went into President Polk's Cabinet as Attorney General ; in 1850 he was elected to the State Senate of Connecticut: he was a Senator in Con gress from 1652 to 1857 ; and in March of the latter j-ear went into President Bu chanan's Cabinet as Secretary of the Navy, serving throughout the term. Towns, George W. B. — Born in Wilkes County, Georgia, May 4, 1602. He 'was prevented by ill health from re ceiving a collegiate education, and com menced life as a merchant; afterwards studied law : was admitted to the bar of Alabama in 1824, and for a time performed the duties of editor of a political paper. In 1826 he returned to Georgia, and set tled in Talbot County. He served for several years in both branches of the Legis lature of that State ; and was a Representa tive in Congress from 1835 to 1839, and was re-elected in 1846 : his last public position was that of Governor of Georgia, to which office he was elected in 1647, and was re-elected in 1849. He died at Macon, July 15, 1854. Townsend, Dwight.— He was born in the city of New York, in 1826 ; educated at the Grammar School of Columbia Col lege ; entered mercantile life when twenty- one years of age ; retired from business in 1862 ; and in 1864 he was elected a Rep resentative, from New York, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry G. Stebbins, serving on the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. Townsend, George. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1815 to 1819. Townsend, James. — He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Second Congress, but died in May, 1791 . Townsend, N. S. — He was bom in England, and having settled in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Tracy, Albert H. — He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, June 17, 1793; re ceived a good classical education ; studied medicine with his father, but when eighteen years of age he removed to New Y'ork State, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1815 ; and he served three terms in Congress as a Representative from a district comprehending almost the whole of that part of New York west of Seneca Lake, from 1619 to 1825; and in 1829 he was elected to the Senate of New York for four years, and was re-elected for a second terra of four years. He was a supporter of Mr. Adams for President, and declined a seat in his Cabinet ; he also declined a Judgeship tendered by Governor Clinton. Died at Buffalo, September 19, 1359. Tracy, Andrew. — He was born in Ver mont ; educated a lawyer ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. He also served ten years in both branches of the State Legis lature, and was Speaker from 1842 to 1845. Tracy, H. W. — He was bom in Lu zerne County, Pennsylvania, September 24, 1807; was bred a farmer, and devoted some attention to mercantile pursuits ; in 1861 and 1862 he was elected to the State Legislature ; was a member of the Chicago Convention which nominated Mr. Lincoln for President ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thir ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com mittees for the District of Columbia and on Expenditures in the Navy Department. Tracy, Phineas L. — He was born in Norwich, Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1806 ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Genesee County, New York, from 1827 to 1833, and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings. Tracy, Uii. — He was bom in Franklin, Connecticut, and graduated at Yale Col lege in 1789 ; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1805 to 1807, and again from 1809 to 1813; and died in 1813. Tracy, Uriah. — Born in Franklin, Con necticut, February 2, 1755: graduated at Y'ale College in 1778 ; read law in Litch field, and settled in that town. He was often chosen a State Representative, and in 1793 was Speaker of the House. He was a Representative in Congress from 1793 to 1796; and from 1796 to 1807 a Senator of the United States, officiating BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 381 for a short time as President pro tern, of the Senate. He was also a Major General of Militia; commanded the respect and enjoyed the friendship of the leading men of his time ; and died at Washington City, July 19, 1807, and was the first person buried in the Congressional burying- ground. Trafton, Mark. — He was born in Maine ; and elected a Representative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Train, Charles R. — Born in Framing- ham, Massachusetts, in 1817 ; worked on a farm until fifteen ; graduated at Brown University in 1837 ; studied law, and finished his legal education at Cambridge, coming to the bar in 1841 ; he was elected to the Massachusetts Legislature in 1847 ; from 1848 to 1851 was District Attorney for Northern Massachusetts ; in 1852 he was appointed, by President Filmore, an Associate Judge of the United States Court in Oregon, but declined the office ; he was a member of the State Constitutional Con vention of 1853 ; was a second time ap pointed District Attorney ; in 1857 and 1858 he served as a member of the State Council ; and he was elected a Representa tive, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Public Buildings. During the autumn of 1862 he sen-ed in the army as a volunteer aid on the staff of his friend, General Gordon, and was present at the battle of Antietam. He was also a Dele gate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. Trapier, Paul. — He was a Delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1778. Treadway, William M. — He was bora in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Treadwell, John. — Born in Farming- ton, Connecticut, November 23, 1745; graduated at Yale College in 1767; and studied law, and filled the office of Judge of Probate, and of other courts. From 1785 to 1786 he was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress. In 1809 he was elected Governor of Connecticut, and served two years. He was the first President of the American Foreign Mission Society, and was a general contributor to that and other charitable institutions. He died August 19, 1823. Tredwell, Thomas. — He was born in Smithtown, Suffolk County, Long Island, in 1742, and graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1764. He was a member, from Suffolk County, of the Provincial Congress of the colony of New York in 1775 and 1776, and of the Convention of Represent atives of the State of New York in 1776 and 1777, by which the first constitution of the State of New York was adopted, and was for many years the last surviving member of the latter body. He also repre sented his native county in the Convention of 1788, to deliberate upon the adoption of the Federal Constitution, and, with the other " anti-federalists " of that body, voted against its adoption. From 1777 to 1763 he was a member of the Assembly, and from 1786 to 1789 of the State Senate, from the same county. He was the first judge of the Court of Probates of the State, serv ing from 1778 to 1787, and subsequently Surrogate of Suffolk County from 1787 to 1791. He was a member of Congress from his native district from 1791 to 1795. He was one of the original proprietors of Plattsburgh, Clinton County, New York, to which place he removed in its infancy, near the close of the last century. In 1801 he represented the counties of Clinton and Essex in the State Constitutional Conven tion of that year, of which Aaron Burr was President. He was again elected to the State Senate and served from 1803 to 1807 ; was appointed Surrogate of Clinton County in 1807, and held that office until 1831, making an almost continuous term of pub lic service of fifty-six years. His house and farm at Plattsburgh were pillaged by the British at their invasion in July, 1813. He died at Plattsburgh, January 30, 1832. His grandson, Thomas Tredwell Davis, was a member of the Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses. ^ Trezvant, James. — He was born in Sussex County, Virginia; was a lawyer by profession.; was Attorney for the State : member of the State Legislature, and of the Constitutional Convention of 1830 ; a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1825 to 1831, serving during his last term as Chairman of the Committee on Military Pensions. He died in 1838. Trigg, Abram. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1707 to 1809. 8 382 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Trigg, John. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1797 to 1804. Trimble, Cary A. — Born in Hills borough, Ohio, September 13, 1813; gradu ated at the Ohio University in 18J3; studied medicine, and received a medical diploma from the Cincinnati Medical Col lege in 1836; in 1837 was appointed De monstrator of Anatomy in his Alma Mater, which position he held until 1841, when he settled in Chillicothe; in 1839, on ac count of his health, he retired from his pro fession, and devoted himself to farming ; and was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Re elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Trimble, David. — He was born in Frederick County, Virginia, about the year 1782 ; educated at William and Mary College; studied law, and when he came of age removed to Kentucky. He was engaged in the war of 1812, serving two campaigns under General Harrison. In 1817 he was chosen a member of Congress from Kentucky, and served without inter ruption till 1827, being highly esteemed for1 the integrity of his principles and his devo tion to his public duties. After his retire ment from Congress, he became engaged in agriculture and the iron manufacture, and in the latter interest he did much to develop the resources of the State. He died at Trimble's Furnace, Kentucky, Oc tober 26, 1842. Trimble, Lawrence S. — He was born in Fleming, Keutucky, August 26, 1825; received a good English education ; studied law and adopted that profession; was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1851 and 1852; was Judge of the Equity and Criminal Court of the first Judicial District of the State from 1856 to 1860 ; from 1860 to October, 1865, was President of the New Orleans aud Ohio Railroad Company, and was elected a Represent ative, from Kentucky, to the Thiity -ninth Congress, serving ou the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and on Manufac tures. Trimhl?, William A— He was born in 1786; lie served with credit in the army of the United States during the war of 1812; occupied, as commander, several frontier posts ; was a Seoator in Congress, from Ohio, from 1819 to 1821, having died De cember 13 of the latter year. Triplett, Philip. — He was born in Vir ginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Kentucky, from 1839 to 1843. Trippe, Robert P. — He was born in Georgia, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, to the Thirty- fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. Trotter, F. James. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Mississippi, during the year 1838. Troup, George M. — Born on the Tom- bigbee River, September 8, 1780; gradu ated at Princeton College; studied law; and in 1800 was elected to the Legislature of Georgia, and re-elected for four terms ; was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1807 to 1815; and a Senator from 1816 to 1818, and from 1829 to 1834. From 1823 to 1827 he was Governor of that State. He died in Laurens County, Georgia, May 3, 1856. He was an advo N cate of State rights, and the champion of State sovereignty. Trout, Michael C. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Trowbridge, Rowland E.— Was bom in Elmira, New York, June 18, 1821 ; re moved with his parents to Michigan when a mere child ; graduated at Kenyon College, Ohio, in 1841 ; has been devoted all his life to the business of farming ; was elected to the Senate of Michigan in 1856 and 1858; and in I860 was elected a Representative, from Michigan, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolution ary Claims, and Agriculture. Trumbo, Andrew.— A native of Ken tucky ; was born in Montgomery County, now Bath, September 13, 1799; he had a limited English education, and at the age of fifteen went into the County Clerk's office, aud afterwards became clerk ; studied law-, and commenced practice in 1824. He was a Representative in the Twenty-ninth Congress, and one of the Presidential Electors of Kentucky, in 1848. Trumbull, Jonathan.— Born in Leba non, Connecticut, March 26, 1740, and graduated at Harvard College in 1759. In 1775 he was appointed, by Congress, Pay master in the Northern department of the BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 383 army, and not long after was attached to the family of Washington as secretary and first aid, with whom he continued until the close of the war. He was for several years a Representative in the State Legislature of Connecticut, and Speaker of the House ; was a Presidential Elector in 1797, 180), and 1805 ; and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1789 to 1795 ; elected Speaker of the House of Repre sentatives in 1791, and continued in that station till he was transferred to the United States Senate in 1795, where he served only one year, having been elected Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut, aud in 1798 Gov ernor, in which position he remained until his death, which occurred August 7, 1809. Trumbull, Joseph. — He was a Dele gate from Connecticut to the Continental Congress in 1774 and 1775 ; and his son, bearing the same name, was a Represent ative in the Federal Congress. Died in 1778. Trumbull, Joseph. — Bom in Lebanon, Connecticut, December 7, 1783 ; graduated at Yale College in 1801 ; studied law and practiced with success in Ohio ; was Presi dent of the Hartford Bank for eleven years ; served in the General Assembly in 1832, 1843, and 1851 ; in 1849 he was elected Governor of Connecticut ; was President 6f a railroad company ; received from Yale College the degree of LL.D.; and was a Representative in Congress, from Connecti cut, in 1834, for an unexpired term, and from 1839 to 1843. Trumbull, Lyman.— He was born in Colchester, Connecticut, in 181 3 ; adopted the profession of law ; removed to Illinois, and became a member of the Legislature of that State in 1840 ; was Secretary of State in 1841 and 1842; Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1848 to 1853 ; was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and was elected a Senator in Congress for the term commenc ing in 1855 and ending in 1861, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Judi ciary, and as a member of the Committees on Public Buildings and Grounds, and Indian Affairs ; and was re-elected for the term ending 1867. In 1864 he was ap pointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Insti tution, to serve until December, 1865. Tuck, Amos. — He was born in Maine ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1835 ; was for some time a tutor in that institu tion ; and removing to New Hampshire, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1853. He was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861. Tucker, Ebenezer. — He was, born in Burlington, New Jersey, in 1758 ; he was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and served at the battle of Long Island ; he filled many offices of distinction and trust, among them those of Collector and Post master of New Jersey ; and he was a mem ber of Congress, from New- Jersey, from 1825 to 1829. He also held the offices of Judge of the Common Pleas, Justice of the Court of Quarter Sessions, and Judge of the Orphans' Court. He died at Tucker- ton, New Jersey, September 5, 1 845. Tucker, George. — He was a native of Virginia, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1825. Tucker, Henry St. George. — Born in Virginia in 1779 ; received a liberal educa tion, and became a prominent lawyer. He was at one time President of the Court ot Appeals ; also Professor of Law in the University of Virginia ; the author of sev eral valuable works on law ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1815 to 1819. He died at Winchester, Vir ginia, August 28, 1848. Tucker, Starling. — He was born in Halifax County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from the Laurens District of South Carolina, from 1817 to 1831. He died February 4, 1834. Tucker, Thomas T. — He was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress from 1787 to 1788 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from South Carolina, from 1789 to 1793. Died May 2, 1828. Tucker, Tilghman M. — He was born in North Carolina, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1843 to 1845. Turner, Charles.— Graduated at Har vard University in 1752, studied for the ministry, and settled in Duxbury, Massa chusetts ; was elected a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, serving from 1809 to 1813, and died in 1816, aged about sixty-six years. Turner, Daniel.— Born in Warren County, North Carolina, September 26, 1796. He commenced his education at Warrenton Academy ; completed it at West Point; in 1814 was appointed Lieutenant 384 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. of artillery, as such, served at Brooklyn Heights, and at Plattsburg, and resigned in 1815; after leaving the army he spent two years at William and Mary College ; from 1819 to 1823 he served in the Legisla ture of North Carolina ; and was a mem ber of Congress from 1827 to 1829. He subsequently had charge of the Warrenton Female Seminary. Turner, James. — Bom in Virginia in the year 1766. His education was such as could be afforded by the common schools of the country ; he served in the Revolu tion as a private soldier; entered public life in 1800 as a member of the Legislature of North Carolina; in 1802 was elected Governor of the State ; and was a Senator in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1805 to 181.6. He died at Bloomsbury, January 15, 1824, much respected for his talents and personal worth. Turner, James. — He was born in Mary land, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. Turner, Thomas J. — Born in Trumbull County, Ohio, April 5, 1815, where he re sided until ten years of age, receiving all his school education within that time. In 1825 he removed with his father's family to Butler County, Pennsylvania, where he worked on a farm until fourteen years old, when the destitute circumstances of his father compelled him to make unusual ex ertions to assist in the support of the family, which he did by working as a laborer on the Pennsylvania Canal, and contributed his earnings to his father until the age of eighteen. Leaving his father comfortable, he went to the "far West," and spent three years in St. Paul's Count}-, Indiana, and finally settled in Freeport, Stevenson County, Illinois. He was made Justice of the Peace, which office he held for several years ; in 1838 he studied law as a profes sion, and obtained a lucrative practice. In 1,342 he was elected Probate Justice of the Peace, and in 1844 was appointed Post master. In 1845 he was chosen State's Attorney for the Sixth Judicial District, and in 1846 he was elected a Representa tive in the Thirtieth Congress. In 1 854 he was a member of the lower house of the Legislature, and chosen Speaker. Since that time he has devoted himself to the practice of law. Tumey, Hopkins L.— Born in Smith County, Tennessee, October 3, 1797. He was in his boyhood bound to a tailor, and served at that business several years ; in 1818 he entered upon the campaign against the Seminole Indians ; he did not learn to write until twenty-two years of age, and yet soon after studied law, and was very successful at the bar ; he served about ten years in the Legislature from 1828 to 1838, and he was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1837 to 1843, and in the Senate of the United States from 1845 to 1851. He died in Winchester, Tennes see, August 1, 1857, leaving behind him a high reputation for his abilities and vir tues. Turpie, D. — Was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, July 6, 1829 ; graduated at Kenyon College in 1848 ; studied law, and was admitted to practice at Logansport, Indiana, in 1849; was appointed, by Gov ernor Wright, whom he succeeded in the Senate, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1854, and was Judge of the Circuit Court in 1856, both of which offices he re signed; in 1852, and also 1858, he was a member of the Legislature of Indiana; and, in 1863, he was elected a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of J. D. Bright, and immediately succeeding J. A. Wright, who served by appointment of the Governor. Turrell, Joel. — He was bom in Ver mont, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New Y'ork, from 1833 to 1837, having been a member of the State Assem bly, from Oswego County, in 1831. Tuthill, Selah.— Born in New York, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Seventeenth Congress, but died in December, 1821. Tweed, William M.— Born in the city of New York, April 3, 1823; received a common school education; is by occupa tion a chair manufacturer ; was an Alder man in New York City in 1852 ; a member of the Thirty-third Congress ; a member of the State Board of Education in 1857; and a Supervisor of New York County iu 1858. Tweedy, Jchn H. — He w-as born in Connecticut; graduated at Y'ale College; adopted the profession of law ; removed to Wisconsin in 1837 ; was a member of the first Constitutional Convention of that Territory in 1846 ; and was elected a Dele gate^ to Congress, from the same, in 1847, serving one session. Tweedy, Samuel— He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1 835. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 385 Tyler John. — Bom in Charles City County, Virginia, in 1790. He com menced his political life at an early age, having been elected to the Virginia Legis lature at the age of twenty-one years, and five years later to Congress. In 1826 he was elevated to the station of Governor of his native State. He discharged the duties of his office but one year and a half, when, in 1 837, the Legislature selected him to fill a vacancy in the Senate of the United States, where he officiated as President pro tern, of that body. He served in this ca pacity until a difference of opinion having arisen between General Jackson and him self, he resigned his seat in 1836, and went into voluntary retirement. Mr. Tyler did not again make his appearance in public life until 1840, when he was selected by the Whig party as their candidate for Vice President. He was elected to that office by a large majority, and entered upon the discharge of his duties in March, 1841, when the death of the President, General Harrison, shortly after, raised him to the chief magistracy of the Republic. His term of office expired in 1845, after which he lived in retirement in Virginia until 1861. He was elected in that year a Dele gate to the Peace Congress held in Wash ington, and officiated as its President ; and on his return to Virginia, he became a member of the Virginia Convention of 1861, and the Rebel Congress, and died in Richmond, January 17, 1862. Tyson, Jacob. — He was a member of the New York Senate, from Richmond County, in 1828, and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1825. Tyson, Job R. — He was born in Mont gomery County, Pennsylvania, in 1804, and died near Philadelphia in 1858. He was educated a lawyer, frequently served in the City Councils of Philadelphia, and was a member of the Thirty-fourth Con gress. He commanded uncommon influ ence in Congress, and was a man of refined tastes in literature and the fine arts. He also served in the city Councils of Phila delphia ; the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and through his exertions the archives of that State were first published. While educating himself, in early life, he taught in a District School, and his published ad dresses are quite numerous. TJdree, Daniel. — Bom in Philadelphia ; removed to Berks County, Pennsylvania, where he entered largely into the manufac ture of iron, and was a most successful 25 business man. He was in the State Legis lature from 1799 to 1805; and was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1813 to 1815, from 1819 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1825, on two occasions filling the unexpired terms of men who had resigned. Died July 22, 1828. Underbill, Walter. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Underwood, John W. H. — Born in Elbert County, Georgia, November 20, 1816 ; received a good English and classi cal education; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1834; in 1843 was elected Solicitor General for the Western Circuit, resigning in 1847 ; was a member of the Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1850 ; declined two Judicial appoint ments tendered to him by Presidents Pierce and Buchanan; was a member of the Georgia Legislature in 1857, and chosen Speaker ; and in 1859 was elected a Repre sentative, from Georgia, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenses in the Navy Department. Re signed in February, 1861, on the breaking out of the Rebellion, and returned to Georgia. Underwood, Joseph R. — Born iu Goochland County, Virginia, October 24, 1791. He was adopted by his maternal uncle in 1803, who resided in Barren County, Kentucky. He received his edu cation at various schools in that State, and ended his scholastic course at the University of Lexington, in 1811 ; and then read law with Robert Wickliffe. In 1813 he entered the service of the United States, as Lieutenant of a Volunteer Com pany, and was badly wounded and taken by the enemy at Dudley's defeat, com manding his company after the Captain was mortally wounded. He was released from captivity, and landed from the prison ships on Lake Erie, near Cleveland, where he was lodged in a hospitable cabin until sufficiently recovered to return home. In the fall of 1813 he located at Glasgow, Kentucky, and practiced law for ten years, during which time he was Trustee of the town, and County Attorney; and was a member of the Legislature from 1816 to 1819. In 1823 he removed, with his family, to Bowling Green, and was elected a me^y ber of the General Assembly in 1825 and 1826. From 1828 to 1835 he was Judge of the Court of Appeals, and resigned on 386 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. being elected a Representative in Congress, in which position he served from 1835 to 1843. In 1846 he was again elected to the Legislature of Kentucky, and was Speaker of the House. In 1847 hewas elected a member of the United States Senate, for six years, and at the expiration of the term returned to the practice of law. In 1824 and in 1844 he was a Presidential Elector. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Underwood, Warner L. — Bom in Goochland County, Virginia, August 7, 1808; graduated at the University of Vir ginia, where he received the first honors in the studies of law, mathematics, and the modern languages, in 1830. He re moved to Bowling Green County, Ken tucky, at the age of seventeen ; a lawyer by profession, with an extensive practice. In 1833 he visited Texas, and spent most of the time, until 1840, in that Republic. He was appointed, by President Lamar, At torney General for the Eastern District of that Republic, but held the office only a short time, and also declined the offer of a place in General Houston's cabinet, being unwilling to relinquish his citizenship of the United States. In 1848 he was a Rep resentative in the Kentucky Legislature, and in 1849 a member of the State Senate; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Engraving. Upham, Charles W. — Born in St. John, New Brunswick, May 4, 1802. He commenced fife by becoming a merchant's clerk ; graduated at Harvard College in 1821 ; in 1824 he was settled over the First Church in Salem, Massachusetts ; and in 1844 he relinquished the ministry on ac count of loss of voice. He has also, at different times, edited the Christian Re view, (Unitarian ;) was Mayor of Salem in 1852 ; in 1840, 1849, and 1850 was in the State Legislature; in 1851, 1857, and 1858, President of the Senate ; and he was a member of the Thirty-third Congress, serving upon the Committee on Post Roads and the Post Office, and was Chairman of a Special Committee on the Smithsonian Institution. As an author he has been in dustrious, and among his publications are the following: "Letters on the Loo-os," "Lectures on Witchcraft," "Life of Sir Henry Vane," and "Life of John C. Fre- IHmt." number of years in the New Hampshire Legislature, having been Speaker in 1809 and 1815 ; and a Representative in Con gress, from New Hampshire, from 1801 to 1803. He died February 10, 1848, at Clare- mont, New Hampshire, aged seventy-nine years. Upham, Jabez. — He was bom in Mas sachusetts : graduated at Harvard Univer sity in 1785 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1307 to 1810. He died in 1811. Upham, NathanieL — Born in Deer- field, Rockingham County, New Hamp shire, June 9, 1774. He was educated at the schools of his native town, and at Phil lips's Exeter Academy. At an early age he engaged in mercantile pursuits. He was a member of the Legislature of New Hampshire, and of the Governor's Council, from 1811 to 1312 ; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1823. Died in 1329. Upham, William.— He was born at Leicester, Massachusetts, in 1792; in 1802 removed with his father to Vermont; spent some time in the University of Ver mont; and was a lawyer by profession. He was a member of the Vermont Assem bly in 1827, 1828, and 1830; and w-as State's Attorney, for Washington County, in 1829. He was a Senator in Congress, from 1843 to the time of his death, which occurred in Washington City, January 14, 1853. Upson, Charles.— Born in Southington, Hartford County, Connecticut, March 19, 1821 ; received a good English education; removed to Michigan in 1845 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1647 ; in 1849 and 1850 was County Clerk for St. Joseph County; in 1853 and 1854 was Prosecut ing Attorney for the same ; in 1855 and 1856 held the office of State Senator; in 1861 and 1862 he was Attorney General for Michigan, and was elected a Repre sentative from Michigan to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committee of Elections, and Unfinished Business. Re elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Elections and Revolutionary Pensions. Vail, George.— He was born in New Jersey, and was elected a Representative in Congress, for the terms between 1853 and 1857. Upham George B.-He graduated at I Vail, Henry.-He was born in New Harvard University in 1,89; served a • York, and was a Representative in Con- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 387 ¦gress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Died June 25, 1833. Valk, William W. — He was born in South Carolina, and, on removing to New York, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Vallandigham, Clement L. — He came of a Huguenot family, and was born in New Lisbon, Columbia County, Ohio, in 1822. He received a good education ; spent one year in Jefferson College, in Ohio ; spent two years as principal of an academy at Snow Hill, Maryland; re turned to Ohio in 1840 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842; was elected to the State Legislature in 1845 and 1846 ; was editor of the Dayton Empire from 1847 to 1849 ; for some years subsequent to that date he devoted himself wholly to his profession and politics ; was a member of the National Democratic Con vention held at Cincinnati in 1856 ; ran for the Thirty-fifth Congress against L. D. Campbell, whose seat he successfully con tested ; and he was re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress. At the commencement of the second session of the Thirty-fifth Con gress, and during the Thirty-sixth, he was placed on the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. In 1863 he was arrested by military author ity for expressing his opinions against the war, was banished to the Southern States, and by way of Bermuda went to Canada. During his exile he was nominated for Governor of Ohio and defeated. He sub sequently returned, and was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Van Aemam, Henry. — Was born in Marcellus, Onondaga County, New York, March 11, 1819 ; received an academical education, and graduated at a medical col lege, adopting the profession of surgeon and physician ; held various town offices, and was a member of the State Legislature in 1858 ; in 1862 was appointed Surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth New York Volunteers, which he resigned in 1864 ; and was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Van Allen, James Q. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1807 to 1809, having been a member of the State Assembly in 1804, from Colum bia County. Van Allen, John E.— He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1793 to 1799, and was a member of the State Assembly in 1800 and 1801, from Rensselaer County. Van Buren, John. — He was one of the ablest lawyers of the Ulster County bar, in New York, and a Representative in Con gress, from 1841 to 1843. He died at Kingston, January 16, 1855. Van Buren, Martin. — Was born at Kinderhook, New York, December 5, 1782. His father's circumstances were humble, and the son was only able to obtain an ordinary education at the common school and academy of his native village. In 1796 he left the academy, and commenced the study of law. In 1800 he represented the Republicans of his native town in the Congressional Convention for that District. A part of the years 1802 and 1803 he spent in New York, still engaged in the study of his profession, and in November of the latter year he was admitted to the bar. He still continued to take an active part in politics. The first official distinction which he received was conferred upon him by Governor Tompkins, who appointed him Surrogate of Columbia County, in 1808. He took his next step in public life in 1 812. In the Spring of that year he was elected to the State Senate. He continued a member of that body until 1820, having been, dur ing that period, a supporter of the war and the canal project. A portion of this time he also held the office of Attorney General. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the State of New York in 1821, and in February of the same year he was elected to the United States Senate, and re-elected in 1827, serving until 1829. The following year the Gubernatorial chair of the State of New York became vacant, by the death of Governor Clinton, and Mr. Van Buren was selected as the candidate for that office by the Democratic party of the State. He was elected, but his career as Governor was brief. Scarcely was his administration commenced, when President Jackson offered him the appointment of Secretary of State, and Mr. Van Buren at once accepted it. The President appointed him Ambassador to England, but the Senate refused to confirm the nomination. He re ceived a large majority of the electoral votes for Vice-President in 1832, which office he continued to fill during President Jackson's term. In 1836 he was nominated for the office of President, and elected. The principal measure of his administration was the establishment of the Independent Treas ury. In 1 840 he was again nominated for the same office, but defeated by the Whig 388 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. candidate, General Harrison. After the close of his Presidential term, in 1841, he lived in retirement at Kindeihook, his place of birth, on an estate to which he gave the name of Lindenwald. In 1848 he was the Presidential candidate of the section of the Democratic party styling themselves "Barnburners," or, on that occasion, "Free-soilers," but was unsuccessful. Died near Kinderhook, July 24, 1862. Vance, Joseph. — Hewas bom in Wash ington County, Pennsylvania, and was one of the earliest residents of the State of Ohio ; served frequently in the Legislature of that State ; was a Representative in Congress, from 1821 to 1835 ; Governor of the State in 1836 ; and again in Congress, from 1843 to 1847, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Claims. In every public position he acquitted himself with ability, and died near the town of Urbanna, Ohio, August 24, 1851. Vance, Robert B. — He was born in North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1 825. Vance, Zebulon B. — He was born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, May 13, 1830; received a limited education, and spent one year at the State University, through the friendship of its distinguished President; he studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1853 ; in 1854 he was elected to the Legislature, from Buncombe County ; and, on the resignation of Hon. T. L. Clingman, in 1858, he was elected to succeed him in the Federal House of Representatives. Re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims ; and was Gover nor of North Carolina from 1861 to 1863. Van Cortlandt, Philip.— He served through the Revolutionary war as a Colo nel in the New York line, fighting at Sara toga and Bemis Heights; was a member of the State Convention which ratified the United States Constitution, and was a member of the New York Assembly, from Westchester County, in 1788, 1769, and 1790 ; of the State Senate, from 1791 to 1794; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1793 to 1809. Died November 5, 1831, in Westchester County, aged eighty-two years. The latter part of his life was devoted to agriculture. Van Cortlandt, Pierre, Jr.— He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1811 to 1813, having been a member of the State Assembly in 1777. Vanderpool, Aaron. — He was bom at Kinderhook, New York, February 5, 1799 ; received a classical education ; fie studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1820 ; he served in 1825, 1829, and 1830, in the State Legislature ; and he was a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1833 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841. On his re tirement from Congress he settled in New York City, and was appointed one of the Judges of the Superior Court, which office he held until 1850. Vanderveer, Abraham. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Died July 20, 1839. Vandever, William. — Born in Mary land, and removing to Iowa, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Public Lands. Re-elected tcfthe Thirty -seventh Congress. Served also as a Colonel in the Union army in 1861. Van Dyke, John.— He was bom inNew Jersey; adopted the legal profession; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1851. He is now a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Van Dyke, Nicholas.— He was a Del egate from Delaware to the Continental Congress, from 1777 to 1782, and was a signer of the Articles of Confederation. Van Dyke, Nicholas. — He graduated at Princeton College in 1788 ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1807 to 1811 ; a Senator in Congress, from 1817 to 1826 ; and died in May, 1826, Van Gaasbeck, Peter.— He was aRep- resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1793 to 1795. Van Horn, Burt.— Born in Newfane, Niagara County, New York, October 28, 1823; was educated at the Madison Uni versity ; was elected to the State Legisla ture in 1858, and the two following years ; was a Representative, from New York, in the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, Roads and Canals, and as Chairman of the Select Committee on the Niagara Ship ' Canal; and in 1864 he was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Roads and Canals. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 389 Van Horn, Robert T. — Born in In diana county, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1824 ; received a good English education ; adopted the business of a printer ; was twice Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri, and Postmaster of the same ; rendered military service against the Rebellion from 1861 to 1864, as Major and Lieutenant Colonel of volunteers ; was a member of the Missouri Senate for three years ; and was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. Van Home, Archibald. — He was a Representative in Congress, from Marv- land, from 1807 to 1811. Van Home, Espy. — He was born in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1825 to 1 829. Died at Wil- liamsport, Pennsylvania, July 25, 1829. Van Home, Isaac. — He was a Captain in the Revolutionary war, and a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801 to 1805, and was then appointed Re ceiver of Public Moneys inZanesville, Ohio. Van Houton, Isaac B. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1835. Van Metre, John J. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1843 to 1845, and was a member of the Committee on Expenses in the Navy De partment. Van Ness, John P. — He was bom in Ghent, Columbia County, New York, in 1770. He was educated at Columbia Col lege, and studied law, but gave up the practice on account of ill health. He was a Representative in Congress, from 1801 to 1803 ; and having taken up his residence in Washington City, became the first Presi dent of the Bank of the Metropolis in 1814 ; he was also elected Mayor of Washington, and both as a public and private citizen did much to promote the prosperity of the seat of Government. While a member of Con gress he received, from President Jefferson, a commission as Major of Militia for the District of Columbia, which, with the fact that he married a Washington lady, was the cause of his change of residence. He died in Washington, March 7, 1846. Van Rensselaer, Henry. — He was born in New York ; entered West Point as a cadet in 1827 ; was commissioned a Lieutenant in 1831, but resigned the following year; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1841 to 1843. Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah. — He was born in 1741 ; graduated .it Princeton Col lege in 1758 ; was a patriot of the Revolu tion ; Lieutenant Governor of New York, from 1801 to 1803 ; a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; a member of Congress, from that State, from 1789 to 1791; He died in Al bany, February 22, 1810. Van Rensselaer, Solomon. — He was born in Rensselaer County, New York, in 1774 ; he served as an officer under General Wayne in 1794, and was wounded through the lungs, and received four wounds at the battle of Queenstown Heights. In 1799 he was promoted to the rank of Major. He was Adjutant General of New York, from 1801 to 1810, and in 1813. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1822, when he was appointed Postmaster at Albany. He died near Alba ny, April 23, 1852. Van Rensselaer, Stephen. — He was born in the city of New York, in November, 1764, and graduated at the University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1782; was elected a member of the New York Senate in 1795 ; was six years Lieutenant Gov ernor of New York ; a member of Congress, from 1822 to 1 829. It was by his casting vote in the New York Delegation that J. Q. Adams was elected President in February, 1825; was appointed, in 1810, one of the Canal Commissioners, and, for the last four teen years of his life, was President of the Board ; and during the last war with Eng land he commanded, with reputation, as Major General on the Niagara frontier. He was distinguished for his wealth and muni ficent charities, and enjoyed the inherited title of Patroon. He died at Albany, Jan uary 26, 1839. Van Rensselaer, Killian K. — He was born in 1763 ; was a member of Congress, from New York, from 1801 to 1811, after which he retired to private life ; and died in New York City, June 18, 1845. Vansant, Joshua. — He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855 ; was also for many years President of the Maryland Institute. Van Valkenburgh, Robert B. — Born in Steuben County, New York, September 4, 1821 ; adopted the profession of law ; 390 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. served three terms in the Legislature of New York ; when the Rebellion broke out he was placed by the Governor of New York in charge of affairs at Elmira, and there organized seventeen regiments for the war; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on the Militia. In 1862, and while in Congress, he took command, as Colonel, of the One Hundred and Seventh Regi ment New York Volunteers, and was present at the battle of Antietam. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committees on the Militia and Expenditures in the State Department. In 1865 he was appointed by President Johnson Acting Commissioner of Indian Affairs during the absence of the Commissioner. In December, 1865. he was appointed by President Johnson Min ister Resident to Japan. Van Winkle, Peter G. — Was born in the city of New Y'ork, September 7, 1808 ; removed to Parkersburg, now West Vir ginia, in 1835 ; was a member of the Vir ginia Constitutional Convention of 1850 ; also of the Wheeling Convention of 1861 ; and also of the Convention which formed the Constitution of West Virginia in 1862; was a member of the Legislature of that State from its organization to June, 1863 ; and in November of that year was elected a Senator in Congress, from West Virginia, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Finance, Pensions, and Post Offices and Post Roads. Van Wyck, Charles H. — He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Miieage ; also elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and appointed Chairman of the Committee on Government Contracts. While in Con gress he served in the volunteer service as the Colonel of a regiment, and in 1865 he was appointed a Brigadier General by brevet. Van Wyck, William W.— He was born in Dutchess County, New Yoik, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1825. Vamum, James Mitchell. — Was born in Dracut, Massachusetts, in 1749; gradu ated at Rhode Island College in 1769; studied law, and settled in East Green wich. In 1774 he accepted the command of a company called the ' ' Kentish Guards." In 1777 was promoted by Congress to the rank of Brigadier General. In 1779 he re signed his commission in the army, and the Legislature appointed him Major Gen eral of Militia. From 1780 to 1782 he was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress, after which service he retiuned to the practice of his profession. In 1786 he was again a Delegate to Congress, and served one year. He was then appointed Judge of the Northwest Territory. He died in 1790. Varnum, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1825 to 1831. He was a native of Essex County, Massachusetts ; educated at Har vard University ; practiced law for some years at Haverhill, Massachusetts ; was frequently a member of the State Legisla ture. He removed to Niles, in the State of Michigan, where he died, July 23, 1836, aged sixty-three years. Vamum, Joseph Bradley. — Born in 1759, in Dracut, Massachusetts; he was a General in the Revolutionary war ; and a Representative in Congress from 1795 to 1811, being four years Speaker, during the Tenth and Eleventh Congresses. He was chosen Senator in 1811, served till 1817, and was President pro tern, of the Senate. Of three conventions of Massachusetts he was a useful member. He died suddenly, September 11, 1821, being then Major General of a division of the militia. Venable, Abraham B. — He w-as a graduate of Princeton College in 1780 ; a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1791 to 1799; and a Senator of the United States from 1603 to 1804. He per ished in the conflagration of the theatre at Richmond, Virginia, December 26, 1811. Venable, Abraham W. — Bora in Prince Edward County, Virginia, October 17, 1799; graduated at Hampden Sidney College in 1816; studied medicine for two years, and then went to Princeton College, where he gradated in 1819 ; he then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in North Carolina in 1821. Hewas a Presidential Elector in 1832, and also in 1836; and a Representative iu Congress, from North Carolina, from 1847 to 1853. His father and six uncles were in the Revolutionary war, serving their country faithfully. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the so-called Confederate Con gress, having previously been elected a Presidential Elector. Verplanck, Daniel C— He was born in New Y'ork in 1761, and was a Repre- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 391 sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1802 to 1809. He subsequently served for many years as Judge of the County Court of Dutchess County, New York, resigning in 1828, and died near Fishkill, March 29, 1834. Verplanck Gulian C. — An American author, and born in the city of New York. He graduated at Columbia College in 1801 ; pursued the study of the law ; and, after his admission to the bar, he passed several years abroad, in Great Britain and on the continent. On his return home he became interested in politics, and in 1814 was a candidate of the "malcontents" in New York for the Assembly. In 1819 he wrote the "State Triumvirate, a Political Tale," being a satire on the political parties of the day, and other works of a similar descrip tion. In 1820 he was a prominent member of the New York Legislature, in which he was Chairman of the Committee on Edu cation. He soon after became Professor of the Evidences of Christianity in the Theo logical Seminary of the Protestant Episcb- pal Church in New York, and in 1824 he published his "Essays on the Nature and Uses of the various Evidences of Revealed Religion," a work written with simplicity and elegance. The following year ap peared his " Essay on the Doctrine of Con tracts, being an Inquiry how Contracts are affected, in Law and Morals, by Con cealment, Error, or Inadequate Price. " Be sides these works, he contributed much to various magazines, and, in conjunction with Mr. Bryant and Mr. Sands, he pub lished the Talisman, a sort of annual, three volumes of which appeared. From 1825 he was for eight years a member of Con gress, from the city of New York, and he was afterwards, for several years, a mem ber of the New York Senate. He also published, in 1833, a collection of his dis courses and addresses on various subjects, and in 1844-46 a handsome edition of Shakspeare. He has been a Regent of the University of New York from January, 1 826, to the present time. Verree, John P. — Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1819 ; is an iron manu facturer by occupation — the business of his whole life heretofore ; was for six years a member of the Philadelphia Select Council, and four years the presiding officer of that body; and was elected a Representative, from Penusylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress. Vibbard, C'hauncey. — Was born at Galway, Saratoga County, New York, Noveniber 11, 1811 ; received a common school education ; was employed for several years as a clerk in a store, and afterwards in a railroad office, in Albany : in 1848 he became the Superintendent of the Utica and Schenectady Railway Company ; and was afterwards called to the same position in the New York Central Railway Com pany, in which capacity he continued until elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Vining, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Delaware, from 1789 to 1792, and a Senator in Congress from 1795 to 1798, when he resigned. He had previously been elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1786. Vinton, Samuel F. — Born at South Hadley, Massachusetts, September 25, 1792. He graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1814; studied law iu Middletown, Connecticut, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1816, when he removed to Ohio, and practiced his profession with eminent success. He was first elected a Representative in Congress in 1823, and served fourteen years, when he declined a re-election ; he was re-elected in 1843, aud served eight years in succession, when he again declined a re-election, and retired to private life, where his ta'stes and wishes inclined him to remain. In 1841 he was also a Presidential Elector. While in Con gress, Mr. Vinton served as chairman of several of the most important committees. In 1862 he was appointed a Commissioner under the act emancipating the slaves in the District of Columbia, and died in Washington in May, 1862. Voorhees, Daniel W. — Was born in Fountain County, Indiana, September 26, 1828; graduated at the Indiana Asbury University in 1849 ; read law, and com menced the practice in 1851; in 1858 he was appointed United States District At torney for Indiana by President Buchanan, which office he held three years; in 1859 he was engaged in the defence of John E. Cook, at Harper's Ferry, for participation in the John Brown raid. In 1 860 he was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections, and was re elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same Committee. Occa- 392 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. sionally, by way of relieving the monotony of professional life, he is in the habit of addressing literary societies on subjects of general interest. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Appropriations, but his seat was suc cessfully contested by H. D. Washburn. Vose, Roger. — He graduated at Har vard University in 1790; was for many years Chief Justice of the Court of Com mon Pleas in New Hampshire ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1817 ; and died April 17, 1842. Vroom, Peter D. — He was born in New Jersey ; graduated at Columbia Col lege, New York ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1839 to 1841. He was also Governor of New Jersey from 1829 to 1832, and for a second term from 1833 to 1836 ; and a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1844. In 1852 he was a Presidential Elector, and in 1853 he was appointed Minister to Prus sia. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. "Wade, Benjamin P. — He was born in Feeding Hills Parish, Massachusetts, Oc tober 27, 1800; received a limited education, and commenced active life by teaching school and attending to agricultural pur suits in Ohio, to which State he removed when twenty-one years of age ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828, and held the various positions of Justice of the Peace, Prosecuting Attorney for Ash tabula County, State Senator, and Presi dent of a judicial circuit. In 1851 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, for the term ending in 1857 ; and he was re-elected for a second and third term, end ing in 1869, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Territories and of the Special Committee on the Conduct of the War, and as a member of the Committees on Foreign Relations and on the District of Columbia. "Wade, Edward. — He was born in West Springfield, Massachusetts, Novem ber 22, 1803, and received a common school education ; he removed with his father to Andover, Ashtabula County, Ohio, in 1821, where he remained until 1824, and engaged in clearing the land. He studied law in Albany and Troy, New York, and was admitted to the bar in Jefferson, Ohio, in 1827, and was elected Justice of the Peace in that county; in 1832 he removed to Unionville, and remained until 1837, and finally settled in Cleveland. He was | elected a Representative from Ohio in the Thirty-third Congress, to which position he has been re-elected, serving in the Thirty-sixth Congress on the Committee on Commerce. Wadsworth, James. — He was a Dele gate from Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1766. Wadsworth, Jeremiah. — He was a Delegate from Connecticut to the Conti nental Congress from 1786 to 1788, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1789 to 1795. Wadsworth, Peleg. — Was born in Duxbury, Massachusetts, May 6, 1748; graduated at Harvard College in 1769, and afterwards engaged in commercial pursuits. He joined the army as Captain of a com pany of minute men, at Roxbury, in the beginning of the war, and by his skill and courage rose rapidly in the service. He was second in command of the forces sent to Penobscot by Massachusetts in 1779, on which occasion he displayed great courage, and was taken prisoner. He rose to the rank of Brigadier General. After the war, in 1784, he established himself in Portland, Maine, in mercantile business; and was employed much in surveying, in which he was quite skilful. In 1792 he was elected a Senator in the Legislature of Massachu setts, and the same year was chosen the first Representative in Congress from his district. He was successively re-elected until 1806, when he declined a further nomination. In 1798 the citizens of Port land gave him a public dinner in appro bation of his conduct as theft Representa tive. In 1807 he removed to the county of Oxford, Maine, to improve a large tract of land granted to him by Government for his services. Here he passed the remainder of his days in retirement, enjoying the respect of a large circle of his friends and fellow- citizens. He died in 1829. Wadsworth, William H.— Was born in Maysville, Mason County, Kentucky, July 4, 1821 , but came of tup old family of "Wads worths who founded the city of Hartford, Connecticut. He received his education from the Maysville Seminary and the Augusta College of Kentucky; adopted the profession of law ; sat in the Senate of Kentucky in 1853 and 1855; was a Presidential Elector in 1860, pre siding over the Electoral College ; and was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. Re- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 593 elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands and the Joint Committee ou the Library. Wagener, D. D. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1841. He was a merchant, and for many years President of the Easton Bank. Died at Easton, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1860. Waggamahh, George A. — He was Secretary of State of Louisiana under three administrations ; held various other public positions ; and was a Senator in Congress from 1831 to 1835. He died at New Orleans, March 23, 1 843, from the effects of a wound received in a duel, aged fifty-three years. Wagner, Peter J. — He was bom in INew York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Wakeman, Abraham. — Born in Fair field, Connecticut, May 31, 1824. He received a district school education ; when sixteen years of age he removed to New Rochelle, New York, and taught school; he subsequently attended an academy in Herkimer County as pupil", working a part of the time on a farm to pay his expenses ; he then went into the wilderness and took charge of a saw-mill ; after that he went into the business of selling books by sub scription, travelling through much of the Union ; in 1844 he commenced the study of the law in Herkimer County, New York ; went to New York City in 1846, and was admitted to the bar in 1847 ; in 1850 he was elected to the Legislature; re-elected in 1851 ; in 1854 was elected an Alderman in New York, serving two years ; and in 1856 was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress. He has also fre quently served as a member of State con ventions. Walbridge, David S. — Born in Ben nington, Vermont, July 30, 1 802 ; received his education from the common schools of the vicinity; has devoted himself to the various employments of the farmer, the merchant, and the miller; he removed to Michigan in 1842 ; and was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from that State in 1854, and served until 1859. Walbridge, Henry S. — He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1851 to 1853. Walbridge, Hiram.— Born at Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York, February 2, 1821,; commenced life by learning the trade of a mechanic ; subsequently received a good education at the Ohio Unversity ; when twenty-three years of age was elected Brigadier General of the Ohio militia ; and removing to New York City, was elected a Representative in Congress from New York , serving from 1853 to 1855. In 1865 he was President of the Commercial Conven tion held in Detroit. Walden, Hiram. — He was born in Rutland County, Vermont, August 29, 1 800 ; received a limited . education, and having removed with his father to New- York, devoted himself to the business of cloth dressing and wool carding ; he took an interest in military affairs, and attained the office of Major General of militia; in 1836 he was elected to the State Legis lature ; in 1842 he was elected a Supervisor in the county of Schoharie; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1849 to 1851. Waldo, Lorin P. — Was born in Can terbury, Windham County, Connecticut, February 2, 1802 ; received a thorough English education in the common schools, and pursued the study of the classics to some extent under private instructors ; read law, and was admitted to practice in the courts of the State of Connecticut, in September, 1825; located in Tolland Coun ty, Connecticut, where he was State's At torney from 1837 to 1849 ; was two years Judge of the Court of Probate in his dis trict, and six years a member of the Legis lature of his State. In April, 1849, he was elected to the Thirty-first Congress, and served the term. In 1852 he was elected Commissioner of the School Fund of Connecticut ; was, in March, 1853, ap pointed, by President Pierce, Commis sioner of Pensions ; and in June, 1855, was elected, by the Legislature of Con necticut, to the office of Judge of the Supreme Court, which office he now holds. Waldron, Henry. — He was bom in Albany, New York, October 11, 1819; graduated at Rutgers College, New Bruns wick, New Jersey, in July, 1836 ; became a civil engineer by profession ; was elected to the Legislature of Michigan in 1843 ; and served as a Representative in Con gress during the years 1855, 1856, 1857, and 1858, and was a member of the Com mittee on Mileage. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories. 394 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD'S. Wales, George E. — He was bom in Windham County, Vermont; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ver mont, from 1825 to 1829. He also served six years in the State Legislature, and was Speaker in 1823 and 1824 ; and was Judge of Probate, for Hartford County, from 1843 to 1848. Wales, John. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Delaware, from 1849 to 1851, in place of John M. Clayton, re signed. Died December 3, 1863. Walker, Amasa. — He was elected a Representative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, for the unexpired term of G. F. Bailey, deceased. He was a Presidential Elector in 1860. Walker, Benjamin. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1801 to 1803. Walker, David. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1817 to 1820. Died March 1, 1820, having sent a request to Congress that his death should not be officially noticed, which request was complied with. Walker, Felix.— He was bom in Hampshire County, Virginia, July 19, 1753, and was a Representative in Con gress, from North Carolina, from 1817 to 1823; was the friend and companion of Daniel Boone, when he explored Ken tucky and founded Boonsborough ; he served as a soldier iu the Indian wars in the Carolinas; settled in Tryon County, North Carolina ; and was for many years in the State Legislature ; and subsequent ly removing to the State of Mississippi, he died therein 1630. Walker, Francis.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 1795. Walker, Freeman.— He was a Sena tor in Congress, from Georgia, from 1819 to 1821, and resigned. Walker, George.— He was a Senator in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1814 to 1815, by appointment of the Governor, and was succeeded by W. T. Barry, ap pointed by the Legislature. Walker, Isaac P.— He was a Sena tor in Congress, from Wisconsin, from 1843 to 1855, aud Chairman of the Com mittee on Revolutionary Claims. In 1841 he was a Presidential Elector. WaBier, John. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Virginia, during the year 1790, by appointment, but was superseded by J. Monroe. ¦Walker, John W.— He graduated at Princeton College in 1806 ; was a Senator in Congress, from Alabama, from 1819 to 1822; and died in April, 1823. He re signed his seat in Congress on account of ill health. It was said that he sometimes addressed the Senate when it was thought he would die before finishing. Walker, Percy. — Bom near Hunts ville, Alabama ; received an academic education, and in 1835 graduated in the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, and removed to Mobile. He served as an officer in a volunteer company during the Creek war. He afterwards studied law as a profession, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1342 ; he was elected by the Legislature to the office of State's Attorney for the Sixth Judicial Circuit, which he held four years. In 1839, 1847, and 1853, he represented Mobile County in the General Assembly; and in 1855 was elected a Representative, from Alabama, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. At the next election he declined being a candi date, and resumed the practice of law. Walker, Robert J.— Was bom at Northumberland, in the State of Pennsyl vania, in 1801. He entered the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, where he graduated in 181 9. On leaving college, he settled in Pittsburg, studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1821. He in terested himself in politics at a very early period, and became Chairman of a Demo cratic Committee, during a State election, when only twenty-two years of age. A year or two later he took part in the move ment in favor of nominating General Jack son to the Presidency, and was instru mental in bringing about the action of the Harrisburg Convention, which nominated Jackson for that office in 1824. In the spring of 1826 he moved to the State of Mississippi. He uniformly refused politi cal office until 1636, when he was chosen a Senator in Congress, serving until 1645. In that body he was one of the leaders of his party. In March, 1645, on President Polk's accession to office, he was called upon to take charge of the Treasury De partment, which he administered for four years. He subsequently visited England BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 395- where he met with flattering attentions. After having been for some years out of the pale of politics, he was appointed, by President Buchanan, in 1857, Governor of the Territory "of Kansas, which office he resigned. Walker, WiUiani A. — He was born in New Hampshire ; and was a Representa tive, in CongTess, from New Y'ork, from 1853 to 1855. Died at New York, Decem ber 18, 1861. Wall, Garret D. — Born in Monmouth County, New Jersey, March 10, 1783 ; re ceived an academical education, and in 1798 commenced the study of law at Trenton; in 1804 was licensed as an at torney, and in 1807 as counsellor at-law. Was appointed Clerk of the Supreme Court in 1812, which office he held for five years. He commanded a volunteer com pany at the defence of Sandy Hook in the last war ; and was Quartermaster General of the State from 1815 to 1837. In 1827 he was elected to the General Assembly. In 1829 was appointed United States Dis trict Attorney for New Jersey; and the same year elected Governor of the State, by the Legislature, but declined the ap pointment. He was a member of the United States Senate from 1835 to 1841. In 1843 his health was greatly impaired by a stroke of paralysis ; but in 1848 he was appointed Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals, which office he occupied until his death, which occurred in Burlington, New Jersey, November 22, 1850. His disease was dropsy on the chest. Wall, James W. — Was born in Tren ton, New Jersey, in 1820; his father, Garret D. Wall, having been a Senator before him ; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1839 ; studied law, and commenced the practice in Trenton; his first public position was that of Commissioner of Bank ruptcy ; in 1847 he settled in Burlington, and devoted some attention to literary pur suits ; in 1850 he was elected Mayor of Burlington; and in 1854 he visited Europe, and published a volume, entitled ' ' Foreign Etchings, or Visits to the Old World's Pleasant Places." During the early part of the Rebellion he wrote against the ad ministration in power for interfering with the freedom of the press, and was im prisoned for a few weeks in Fort La fayette, and on his release was welcomed home with great enthusiasm by his fellow- citizens ; and in January, 1863, he was elected a Senator in Congress, from New Jersey, for the unexpired term of John W. Thompson, deceased, but which seat was for a short time occupied by R. S. Field. Wall, 'William. — Was born in Phila delphia, March 20, 1801 ; served seven years as an apprentice to a ropemaker; removed to King's County, Long Island, in 1822, where he followed his business of rope-making so successfully that when he gave it up in 1 856 he had acquired a large fortune. While thus engaged in active business, he was called upon to fill a great number of local offices, such as Commis sioner of Highways, School Trustee, Su pervisor, Commissioner of Water-works, &c. ; and in 1860 he was elected a Repre sentative from New York to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Revolutionary Claims, and Expen ditures ou Public Buildings. Wallace, Daniel. — He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1853. Wallace, David. — He was born in Philadelphia, April 4, 1799 ; graduated at West Point in 1821, and served for a time as Professor of Mathematics. In 1828 he was a member of the Indiana Legislature ; elected Lieutenant Governor of the State in 1830 and in 1833; Governor of the State from 1837 to 1840; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1841 to 1843 ; and subsequently to his service in Congress was Prosecuting Attorney for the State ; a member of the State Constitu tional Convention ; and in 1856 was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas at Indianapolis, where he died, September 5, 1859. Wallace, James M. — He was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1815 to 1821. It is said he always protested against the initial M. in his name, but never got rid of it in the Journals of Congress. Wallace, John W. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, seiwing on the Committee on Claims. Wallace, William H. — Born in Miami County, Ohio, July 17, 1811; spent his early life in Indiana; removed to Iowa in 1837 ; was elected to the State Legislature of Iowa, and served as Speaker, and also as President of the State Council ; was ap- 396 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. pointed, by President Taylor, Receiver of Public Moneys at Fairfield, Iowa ; removed to Washington Territory in 1 853 ; served several sessions in the Territorial Legisla ture ; was appointed, in 1861, by Presi dent Lincoln, Governor of Washington Territory ; was elected a Delegate there from to the Thirty-seventh Congress ; was appointed the first Governor of Idaho Ter ritory ; and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, as a Delegate from Idaho. He was a member of the National Committee to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Walley, Samuel H. — Born in Boston, Massachusetts, August 31, 1805; fitted for college at Andover Academy; graduated at Harvard College in 1826 ; studied law ; officiated for twenty years as Treasurer of a savings bank in Boston for the benefit of seamen ; was also Treasurer for a long time of a railroad in Vermont, and one in New York ; he was also a member of the State Legislature for eight sessions, and Speaker of the House for two years ; and a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1 855. On his return from Washington he was the Whig candidate for Governor of Massachusetts, but was defeated; was a Bank Commissioner in 1858; and in 1859 became President of the Revere Bank of Boston. Wain, Robert. — He was a prominent merchant in Philadelphia, and a member of Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1798 to 1801, first for the unexpired term of John Swanwick, and was re-elected. Died January 24, 1836, aged seventy-one years. Walsh, Mike.— Bom in Yanghull, Ire land, but brought to this country when a child; spent his boyhood as a wanderer; conducted a paper in New Y'ork called the "Subterranean," in which he published certain libels, for which he was imprisoned two years ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1853 to 1855. He subsequently visited Europe, and also Mexico, and on March 17, 1859, was found dead in the yard of a public house in New York. The cause of his death is unknown. Walsh, Thomas Y.— He was a native of Maryland, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Walton, Charles W.— Was born in Mexico, Oxford County, Maine, December 9, 1819; was bred a printer ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1843; in 1847 was elected Attorney for Oxford County, which he held for four years ; re moving to Androscoggin County in 1855, was elected Attorney for that county in 1857, which office he held until 1860, when he was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. In May, in 1 862, he resigned his seat in Con gress, and was appointed, by the Governor, a Judge of the Supreme Court of Maine. Walton, E. P.— Bom at Montpelier, Vermont, Februaiy 17, 1812 ; studied law, but was a practical printer and editor, hav ing for several years edited the " Vermont Watchman ;" he served in the State Legis lature, as Representative, one term; and was then elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims, and Chairman of that on Printing. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Con vention of 1864. After leaving Congress he resumed the editorship of his journal in Montpelier, Vermont. Walton, George. — He was a native of Virginia ; born iu 1740 ; he served an ap prenticeship to the carpenter's trade, after the expiration of which he removed to Georgia, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1774. He was one of the four individuals who called a public meeting at Savannah to concert measures for the de fence of the country in 1774 ; was one of the Committee who prepared a petition to the King, and drew up the patriotic resolu tions adopted on that occasion. lie was active in promoting the Revolution at home, and in 1776 was a Delegate to Con gress, from Georgia, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and of the articles of Confederation. When the enemy attacked Savannah he was dangerously wounded and taken prisoner, but was re leased in 1779, and the same year was chosen Governor of the State ; in 1780 was again sent to Congress ; and in 1783 was appointed Chief Justice of the State; in 1787 was a Delegate to the Convention for framing the Constitution of the United States, but declined taking his seat; in 1789 he was a Presidential Elector; in 1793 was again Judge of the Supreme Court ; and in 1795 was elected to succeed James Jackson as a Senator in Congress, serving one year. He died Februaiy 2, 1804. J BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 397 Walton, Matthew. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1803 to 1807, and a Presidential Elec tor in 1809. Died January 18, 1819. Walworth, Reuben Hyde. — He was born at Bozrah, Connecticut, in October, 1789. He spent his earlier years on a farm, and had few advantages of education. He commenced the study of law at the age of seventeen, and when twenty was admitted to practice, and when twenty-two was li censed as an attorney of the Supreme Court of New York. He settled at Plattsburg in 1811, and held successively the offices of Master in Chancery, officer of militia dur- ing_ the siege of Plattsburg in 1814, and Adjutant General of the combined forces, having as such participated in the battles of Beekmanstqwn and Pike's Cantonment. He was a member of the House during the Seventeenth Congress, declined a re-elec tion, and was appointed a Circuit Judge in 1823 ; and in 1828 he was marie Chancellor of the State of New York, which he held for twenty years, when the office was abol ished. His opinions as Chancellor were published in fourteen volumes, while his other opinions occupy as many more. From Yale College he received the decree of LL.D. ¦Ward, Aaron. — He was born at Sing Sing, New York ; was educated at Mount Pleasant Academy, and adopted the pro fession of law. He served, in 1813, in the regular army as a Captain; was, for a time after the war, District Attorney for the County of Westchester, and subse quently attained the position of Major General of the New York militia. His terms of service as a Representative in Congress were from 1825 to 1829, from 1831 to 1837, and from 1841 to 1843. "Ward, Artemas. — Graduated at Har vard College in 1748. He was a Repre sentative in the Massachusetts Legislature ; a member of the Common Council of Bos ton; and a Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas for the County of Worcester. June 17, 1775, he was appointed Major General of the American army, and was intrusted with the command of the right wing of the troops stationed at Roxbury for the siege of Boston. He was a Dele gate to the Provincial Congress, and a Representative in the United States Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1791 to 1795. He was much esteemed by Wash ington, and although he resigned his com mission in April, 1776, yet at the request of the Commander-in-chief he continued some time longer in the service. He was a man of exemplary piety and incorrupti ble integrity. After a long and patient endurance of many sufferings, he died, October 28, 1800, aged seventy-three years. Ward Artemas. — He was a native of Massachusetts, and bom in 1763 ; grad uated at Harvard University in 1783 ; he studied law, and was admitted to practice, and soon became eminent in his profession. He was elected a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1817 ; in 1821 he was appointed Chief Jus tice of the Court of Common Pleas, which office he held for nineteen years. He died in Boston, October 7, 1847. He was hon ored with the degree of LL.D. from Har vard University. Ward, Elijah. — He was bom in Sing Sing, New York, September 16, 1816; re ceived an academic education, and was bred a merchant, chiefly in the city of New York, where he was President of the Mercantile Library Association in 1839 ; he studied law at the University of New York, and was admitted to the bar in 1843. He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Co lumbia. In 1 860 he was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals, and on Commerce. Ward, Hamilton. — He was born in Sal isbury, Herkimer county, New York, July 3, 1829 ; received a liberal education ; studied law and came to the bar at Coop erstown in 1851, settling, in the practice of his profession, at Belmont, Alleghany County; in 1856 he was elected District Attorney for said County, holding the of fice three years, and was re-elected in 1862 ; during that year, under an appointment of the Governor, he was active in raising and organizing the State troops ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty -ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims and on Ac counts. Ward, Jonathan. — He was a native of New York, and a Representative in Con gress, from 1815 to 1817, having been a State Senator, from Westchester County, from 1807 to 1810. Ward, Matthias. — He was bom in Elbert County, Georgia, but grew up to manhood in Madison County, Alabama. 398 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. He received an academic education ; was a school teacher for two years ; studied law, and became a citizen of the Republic of Texas in 1836. He served a number of years in the Congress of that Republic, and when it became a State, was elected to the Legislature as a Senator. He was a member of the two Conventions which nominated Mr. Pierce and Mr. Buchanan for the office of President ; in 1856 he was chosen President of the State Democratic Convention held at Austin ; and in 1858 was appointed a Senator in Congress, from Texas, for the term ending in 1863. Died at Raleigh, North Carolina, October 13, 1861. Ward, Samuel. — A native of Rhode Island ; was honorably associated in the struggle for American Independence. He was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress, from Rhode Island, from 1774 to 1776, and died in Philadelphia, March 25, 1776, while attending a session of Congress. Ward, Thomas. — Was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1813 to 1817. He died at Newark, New Jersey, February 4, 1842, aged eighty-three. Ward, William T. — He was born in Kentucky ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. WardweU, DanieL — Was born in Bristol, Rhode Island, in 1791, his father having fought in the Revolution; grad uated at Brown University in 1811 : soon afterwards removed to Rome, New York, where he studied law and was admitted to the bar ; was four times elected to the Le gislature of his adopted State; was, for several years, Judge of a County Court ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1837, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolu tionary Pensions. Ware, Nicholas.— He was a Senator in Congress, from Georgia, from 1821 to the time of his death, which occurred in New York City, September 7, 1824. Warfield Henry R.— Was born in Anne Arundel County, Maryland; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1825. On the morning of March 18, 1839, he was found dead in his bed at Frederick, Maryland. Warner, Hiram.— Born in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, October 29, 1802 ; he received a good common school educa tion, with some knowledge of the classics, and emigrated to Georgia at the age of seventeen, and there taught school for three years ; with his earnings he was enabled to study the profession of law, and was ad mitted to practice in 1825, and opened an office at Knoxville, in Crawford County. From 1828 to 1831 he was a Representa tive in the General Assembly, and declined a re-election. In 1833 he was elected by the Legislature one of the Judges of the Superior Courts of the State, and was re appointed in 1836, holding the office until 1840. From that time till 1845 hewas en gaged in a lucrative practice, and was that year appointed one of the judges of the Supreme Court, serving for eight years, and then resigned. In 1855 he was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Con gress, and declined a re-election in 1857. Warner, Samuel L. — Bom in Wethers- field, Connecticut, in 1829; received an academical education and settled in Mid dletown; prepared himself for the legal profession by a course of study at the Yale and Harvard law schools, coming to the bar in 1853 ; in the latter part of that year he was appointed Executive Secretary of State; in 1857 he was a member of the Connecticut Legislature ; in 1861 he was elected Mayor of Middletown, and re elected until 1865, when he was elected a Representative from Connecticut to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures and Expenditures in the Navy Department. Prior to 1861 he was identified with the Democratic party, and was a Delegate to and a Secretary of the Baltimore Convention of 1860. Warren, CorneHus. — Born in Putnam County, New York, in 1790, and died at Cold Spring, July 28, 1849. He was a member of Congress, from New York, from 1847 until his death. Warren, Edward A.— Bom in Greene County, Alabama, May 2, 1818 ; received a liberal education, and studied the profes sion of law. He served in the Mississippi Legislature in 1845 and 1846, and, in the Legislature of Arkansas in 1848 and 1849, as Speaker of the House. In 1850 he was elected State's Attorney for the Sixth Judi cial District of Arkansas ; and was a Rep resentative, from that State, in the Thirty- third Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth. He was a member of the Committees on the Militia, and Railroads and Canals. Warren, Lott.— Bom in Burke County, Georgia, October 30, 1797; commenced hfe as a clerk in a store; served in the Seminole war as a Second Lieutenant of BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 399 militia in 1818; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1821 ; in 1823 he was elected a Major of battalion; in 1824 went to the State Legislature ; in 1825 was ap pointed Solicitor General to fill a vacancy ; in 1830-he was sent to the State Senate ; in 1831 again elected to the Lower House; and he was a Representative in Congress, from 1839 to 1843. He. is still devoted to the profession of law. Washburn, Cadwallader C. — Born in the town of Livermore, Maine, April 22, 1818. He was a lawyer by profession ; removed to Wisconsin, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. He was a member of the Committees on Private Land Claims, and Expenditures on the Public Buildings. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims, and as a member of the Spe cial Committee of Thirty-three. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. In November, 1862, he was ap pointed, by President Lincoln, a Major General in the Union army. Washburn, Henry D. — He was bom in Windsor, Windsor County, Vermont, March 28, 1832 ; and during that year was removed by his father to Ohio ; was early apprenticed to the trade of a tanner, but not liking the business, became a school teacher, which occupatiohhe followed until his twentieth year ; studied law, and grad uated at the New York State and National Law School, in 1853. He subsequently settled in Indiana, aud in 1 854 he was ap pointed Auditor of Vermillion County ; elected to the same position in 1856, serv ing as such until 1861. In July of that year he raised a company for service in the war; was promoted to the command as Colonel of the Eighteenth Indiana Volun teers, in 1862 ; and in 1864 he was breveted a Brigadier General, and was mustered out of the service in 1865 ; and was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, having successfully con tested the seat claimed by D. W. Voorhees, serving on the Committee on Claims. Washburn, Israel, Jr.— Born June 6, 1813, at Livermore, County of Oxford, (now Androscoggin,) Maine. He received a classical education ; studied law, and in October, 1834, was admitted to the bar ; he commenced the practice of law in Orono, Penobscot County, December 1834, where he has since resided. He was a member of the Legislature in 1842, and elected to the Federal House of Representatives, from Maine, for the Thirty-second, Thirty- third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving in the latter Congress as a member of the Com mittee of Ways and Means. In 1860 he was elected Governor of Maine, and in 1863 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Collector of Portland. ¦Washburn, William B. — Hewas born in Winchendon, Massachusetts, January 31 , 1820 ; graduated at Yale College in 1844; has always been engaged in the manufacturing business ; was a member of the State Senate in 1850, and of the Lower House in 1854 ; was subsequently President of the Greenfield Bank ; and was elected a Representative, from Massachu setts, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions ana Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims and Revolutionary Pensions. Washburne, Elihu B. — Born in Liv ermore, Oxford County, Maine, September 23, 1816; served an apprenticeship in the printing office of the Kennebec Journal ; studied law at Harvard University, and, removing to the West, practiced at Galena, Illinois. He was elected a Representative to the Thirty-third Congress, from that State, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving on two occasions as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce. He was also elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, again serving as Chairman of the Commit tee on Commerce, and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving again as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce, as a member of the Joint Committee on the Library, and also as Chairman of the Spe cial Committee on Immigration. On ac count of his having served continuously for a longer period than any other member of the Thirty-eighth Congress, usage awarded to him the title of " Father of the House." He was the author, among many others, of the bill reviving the office of Lieutenant General, which was conferred on General Grant. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, again serving at the head of the Com mittee on Commerce, and as Chairman of the Special Committee on the death of President Lincoln, and as a member of those on the Rules, Reconstruction, Air-line Railroad to New York, and as Chairman of the Special Committee to Investigate the Memphis Riots. Two of his brothers also served in Congress, viz., Israel, jr., and Cadwallader C. Washburn. 400 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Washington, George. — He was bom at Bridge's Creek, Westmoreland County, Virginia, Februaiy 22, 1732, and was de scended from a family distinguished for its respectability and virtue. At the age of ten years he lost his father ; was educated in English literature and the general prin ciples of science by a private tutor ; and adopted the profession of a surveyor. When nineteen years of age, he was appointed an Adjutant, with the rank of Major ; in 1753 he was employed by Dinwiddie on a mis sion to the French army, in the valley of the Ohio, and made treaties with the In dians ; he served as an aide-de-camp under Braddock, and on the fall of that General, displayed great ability in saving the army ; in 1758 he performed an expedition to Fort du Quesne ; after which, with the rank of Colonel, he retired to the paternal estate of Mount Vernon and devoted himself to agri culture. He cultivated nine thousand acres of land ; employed about a thousand per sons, slaves and others, on his estate, whom he clothed with cloths made under his own superintendence ; and it is said that seven thousand bushels of wheat and ten thousand bushels of corn was not an uncommon crop for him to raise on his plantation. He frequently served in the Legislature of Virginia ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1774 and the early part of 1775 ; and on the break ing out of the war he was called to the chief command of .the Provincial troops, and the record of his services is a history of the war. He joined the army at Cam bridge in July, 1775; in 1776 he fought the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, and Princeton ; in 1 777 those of Brandywine and Germantown; in 1778 that of Monmouth ; and in 1781 he cap tured Cornwallis at Yorktown, and thereby virtually closed the war. When the treaty of peace was signed, he resigned his com mission and, universally beloved, retired to private life. He was elected the first Presi dent of the United States, and after having been re-elected and serving out his second term, he again retired to private life. In 1798 he was induced again to accept the command of the army, but it was merely to concentrate the efforts of his fellow citi zens for the promotion of the general good, and was another sacrifice to his high sense of duty. He died at Mount Vemon, after a short illness, of quinzy sore throat, De cember 14, 1799 ; was buried at that place with the honors due to the noble champion of the liberties of a happy and prosperous republic. The character of Washington stands alone among the great men of the world, as a pure man, a patriot, a wise statesman, a citizen, a ruler, a husband man, a general, and a Christian. His life has been written and commented upon by hundreds of writers, but the best biogra phies of him were published by John Mar shall, in five volumes ; by Washington Irving, also in five volumes, and by David Ramsay and George Bancroft ; and a copi ous selection from his manuscripts was edited by Jared Sparks, and published in ten volumes. His home at Mount Vernon is, to lovers of liberty and true greatness, a kind of Mecca ; and as the ' ' Father of his Country," his memory will be vene rated as long as the Republic endures. Washington, George C. — Born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, August 20, 1789, and died in Georgetown, District of Columbia, July 17, 1854. He was edu cated at Cambridge, and became a lawyer by profession, though partial to the pursuit of agriculture. At the time of his death, he was the oldest and nearest surviving male relative of his granduncle, General Washington. He represented Maryland in Congress, from 1827 to 1833, and from 1835 to 1837. He was also President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and a Commissioner for the settlement of Indian Claims. When General Scott was nomi nated for the Presidency, Mr. Washington was spoken of as the candidate for Vice President. ¦Washington, William H. — Bom in North Carolina ; graduated at Yale College in 1834, and was a lawyer by profession. He was in Congress from 1841 to 1843, and subsequently five or six years in the State Legislature. Watkins, Albert G. — He was born in Jefferson County, Tennessee, May 5, 1818 ; was educated at Holston College, Tennes see ; adopted the profession of law ; was elected to the Legislature, from his native county, in 1845 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; and was first elected a Represent ative in Congress in 1849, and re-elected to each succeeding Congress, excepting the Thirty-third, when he declined the nomi nation. He was a member of the Commit tees on Manufactures, and on the Militia. Watmough, John G. — He was bom on the banks of the Brandywine, Delaware, December 6, 1793, and educated at the University of Pennsylvania and Princeton. He served in the war of 1812, as a Lieu tenant in the Second Artillery, and while doing service on the frontiers, in 1813 and 1814, was wounded by receiving in his BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 401 body three musket-balls, the last of which was extracted in 1835; he resigned his commission in 1816, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, in 1831, where he remained four years, during the whole of which period his wounds were open and constantly giv ing him pain. His other public positions were those of aide-de-camp to General Gaines at New Orleans, and in the Creek Nation in 1814 and 1815; High Sheriff of Philadelphia City and County in 1835; and Surveyor of that port in 1 841 . During the latter part of his life he lived in retire ment, and died at Philadelphia, November 29, 1861. ¦Watson, Cooper K. — He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Watson, James. — He was a Senator in -Congress, from New York, from 1798 to 1800, when he resigned; had previously been a member of the Assembly of New- York during the years 1791, 1794, 1795, and 1796 ; was a State Senator in 1797. Watterson, Harvey M. — He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843. Watts, John.— He was born in New Y'ork in 1749, and died in New York City, September 3, 1836. He was a member of Congress from 1793 to 1795. Watts, John S. — He was born in Ken tucky, and elected a Delegate, from the Territory of New Mexico, to the Thirty- seventh Congress. Wayne, Anthony. — BorninEasttown, •Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1746. In 1773 he was elected a Representative in the General Assembly, where he took an active part against the claims of Great Britain. In 1775 he entered the army as Colonel, and in the battle at the Three Rivers, in June, 1776, received a wound in the leg, and at the close of the campaign he was made a Brigadier General. In the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth, and especially at Stony Point, he greatly distinguished himself, in the lat ter assault receiving a severe wound in the head. In 1781 he led the Pennsylvania fine, to form a j unction with Lafayette in Virginia, and engaged in the capture of Cornwallis ; after which he conducted the war in Georgia with equal success, receiv ing from the Legislature of that State a 26 valuable farm as a reward for his services, upon which he retired after the war. In 1787 he was a member of the Convention for framing the Constitution, and served as a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, in 1791, but his seat was vacated by a resolution of the House. In 1792 he was again called into military service, and suc ceeded St. Clair in the command of the army against the Indians, gaining a com plete victory over them in 1794, at the bat tle of the Miami ; he concluded a treaty, August 3, 1795, with the hostile tribes northwest of the Ohio. While in the ser vice of his country, having attained the rank of Major General, he died in a hut at Presque Isle, and was buried on the shore of Lake Erie, in December, 1796. Wayne, Isaac. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1825. i Wayne, James M. — He was bom in Savannah, Georgia. Having obtained an excellent preliminary education, under the instruction of a private tutor, he entered Nassau Hall, (now Princeton College,) where he counted among his fellow-students some of the leading men of the present day. On his return home, at the close of his col legiate course, he commenced the study of law with one of the most distinguished lawyers of Savannah ; but his father having died a few months afterwards, he left, by the advice of his friends, to prosecute his studies at the North. On his return home, he commenced the practice of his profes sion, and als^took much interest in poli tics. After three or four years, he was elected a member of the General Assembly, as an opponent of the "relief law," which had created much feeling throughout- the State. He was re-elected the following year, but declined being a candidate the third time. He was next Mayor of the city. On his resignation of that office, he was chosen Judge of the Superior Court, and served five years and a half. He was then elected a member of Congress, in the. session of 1829 and 1830, and served until 1835. He took a prominent position in the House as a debater, and also proved himself a good business member on various committees. He was a supporter of Presi dent Jackson, by whom he was appointed to a seat on the bench of the United States Supreme Court in 1835. He has proved himself a sound and accomplished jurist. He has especially devoted his attention to the subject of admiralty jurisprudence, and his opinion on points connected with that subject are everywhere cited as high au- 402 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. thority. In 1865 and 1 866, by invitation of the Faculty, he delivered an occasional lecture before the ¦ law students of Colum bian College. Weakley, Robert — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1809 to 1811, and in 1819 was appointed United States Commissioner to treat with the Chickasaws. ¦Webster, Daniel. — Bom in the town of Salisbury, New Hampshire, January 18, 1782. His opportunities for education were very deficient, and he was indebted for his earliest instruction to his mother. For a few months only, in 1796, he enjoyed the advantages of Phillips's Exeter Academy ; here his education for college commenced, and it was completed at Boscawen. He entered Dartmouth College in 1797, and graduated in 1801. Soon after he engaged in professional studies, first in his native village, and afterwards at Fryeburg, in Maine, where, at the same time, he had the charge of an academy, and was also a copyist in the office of the Register of Deeds. Having completed his legal studies, he was admitted to the bar of Suffolk, Mas sachusetts, in the year 1805. He com menced the practice of law in his native State and county ; in 1807 he removed to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and soon became engaged in a respectable but not lucrative practice. In 1812 he was chosen a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, and was re-elected. He removed to Boston in 1816, and was placed at once beside the leaders of the Massachusetts bar, having already appeared before the Supreme Court of the United States, at Washington. By his argument in the Dartmouth College case, carried by appeal to Washington, in 1617, he took rank among the most dis tinguished jurists in the country. In 1820 he was chosen a member of the Convention for revising the Constitution of Massachu setts. He was offered, about this time, a nomination as a Senator of the United States, but declined. In 1822 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from the city of Boston; he took his seat in December, 1823, and early in the session made his celebrated speech on the Greek Revolution, which at once established his reputation as one of the first statesmen of the age, and he was re-elected. In 1S26 he was again elected, and under the Pres idency of Mr. Adams, he was the leader of the friends of the administration, first in the House of Representatives, and after wards in the Senate, to which he was elected in 1827. His speech on the Pana ma Mission was made iu the first session of the Nineteenth Congress. When the tariff law of 1824 was brought forward he spoke against it on the ground of expe diency. He remained in the Senate a period of twelve years. In 1830 he made what is generally regarded the ablest of his parliamentary efforts, his second speech in reply to Colonel Hayne, of South Caro lina. Mr. Webster, although opposed to the administration of General Jackson, gave it a cordial support in its measures for the defence of the Union, in 1 832 and 1833, but opposed its financial system. In 1839 he made a short visit to Europe. His fame had preceded him, and he was received, in the Old World, with the atten tion due to his character and talents, at the French and English courts. On the accession of President Harrison, he was appointed Secretary of State, and was con tinued in this office by President Tyler. President Tyler's cabinet was broken up in 1842, but Mr. Webster remained in office till the spring of 1843, being desirous of putting some other matters, connected with our foreign relations, in a prosperous train. Mr. Webster returned to the Senate of the United States in 1845, and he re mained in that body until 1850, when hewas appointed Secretary of State, by President Fillmore. In December, 1850, the famous Hiilsemann letter was written. In 1851, by his judicious management of the Cuba question, he obtained of the Spanish Gov ernment the pardon of the followers of Lopez, who had been deported to Spain. About the same time he received from the English Government an apology for the in terference of a British cruiser with an American steamer, in the waters of Nica ragua. This was the second time that the British Government had made a similar concession at the instance of Mr. Webster. The first was in reference to the destruction of the " Caroline" at Sehlosser. He paid much attention to agriculture, and his re sidence, when not engaged in public busi ness at AVashington, was either at Marsh- field, in Massachusetts, or the place of his birth, in New Hampshire. The works of Mr. Webster were published in six volumes, with a biographical memoir by Edward Everett. He died October 23, 18)2, at Marshfield ; in that year his Private Life, by the compiler of this volume, was. pub lished ; and in 1857 two volumes of his Private Correspondence were published by his son, Fletcher Webster, subsequently killed in battle during the Rebellion. Webster, Edwin H — He was bom in Harford County, Maryland, March 31, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 403 1829 ; was educated at Dickinson College, and was a member of the Maryland Senate from 1855 to 1859, serving two years as the President of that body. In 1856 he was chosen a Presidential Elector. His term in Congress commenced with the Thirty-sixth Congress, as a Representative from Mary land, and he was re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Claims, and on Public Expenditures. For a time he rendered the State some service in a military capacity, and was Colonel of a Maryland regiment. In 1863 he was re elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committees of Claims, and on the Militia. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but in July 1865 was appointed by President Johnson Collector of Customs for the port of Baltimore. Webster, Taylor. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and having settled in Onio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1839. Weeks, John W. — He was a County Sheriff in New Hampshire from 1820 to 1825; a State Senator in 1827 and 1828; a Representative in Congress^from New Hampshire, from 1 829 to 1833 ; and Judge of Probate in Coos County, in 1854. Weeks, Joseph — He was born in Massachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1835 to 1839, having previously been for two years Judge of the County Court for Cheshire County. Weems, John C. — He was born in Calvert County, Maryland, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1826 to 1829. ' Weightman, Richard Hanson. — Born in Maryland, and educated at West Point; was a Captain in the Missouri Battalion of Light Artillery Volunteers in the Mexican war, and distinguished himself under Colo nel Donophan in the battle of Sacramento ; subsequently held the position of additional Paymaster ; and was a Delegate to Con gress, from New Mexico, from 1851 to 1853. Welch, John. — He was born in Jeffer son County, Ohio, October 28, 1805 ; was educated at Franklin College, Ohio ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1833 ; he was a member of the State Senate of Ohio in 1846 and 1847 ; and a Representa tive in Congress, from 1851 to 1853. He was subsequently one of the Trustees of the Ohio Unjugrsity. Welch, William W. — He was born in Norfolk, Connecticut, December 10, 1818; received the rudiments of his education at the common schools and from private in structors, and having turned his attention to the sci#ice of medicine, received the degree of M.D. from the medical institu tion of Yale College, in 1838; and, except ing when interrupted by his public duties, has ever been a practicing physician. He has twice been elected to the House of Representatives, and twice to the Senate of Connecticut ; and he was a Representa tive, from that State, dming the Thirty- fourth Congress. Welker, Martin, — He was bom in Knox County, Ohio, April 25, 1819; re ceived a good education by his own un aided efforts, while working on a farm or employed as clerk in a store; studied law, and came to the bar in 1840 ; from 1 846 to 1851 he was Clerk of the Court of Com mon Pleas for Holmes County ; in 1851 he was elected a Judge of the Common Pleas for the Sixth District, serving five years ; in 1857 he removed to Wooster, Wayne County, and was elected Lieutenant Gov ernor of Ohio, declining a renomination ; in 1861 he was appointed a Judge Advo cate, with the rank of Major, serving three months as a staff officer ; was soon after wards appointed Aide-de-Camp and Acting Judge Advocate General, with the rank of Colonel, under the Governor of the State : in 1862 he was an Assistant Adjutant General, and superintended the draft of the State; and in 1864 he was elected a Rep resentative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia and Revolutionary Pensions. Wellborn, M. J.— Bom in Georgia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1349 to 1851. Weller, John B.— He was bom in Ohio ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1845; was the first United States Commissioner to Mexico, under the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; and having taken up his residence in Cali fornia, was elected to the United States Senate, in 1851, for a long term ; and was subsequently elected Governor of Califor nia. _ In December, 1860, hewas appointed Minister to Mexico ; and was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1864. Welles, William H. — He was a Sen ator in Congress, from Delaware, from 404 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS 1799 to 1804, when he resigned, and again from 1813 to 1817; he died March 11, 1829. Wells, Alfred.— Born in Dagsboro', Sussex County, Delaw-are, May 27, 1814; adopted the profession of law, and settled at Ithaca, New Y'ork; and in 1858 was elected a Representative, from New- York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Militia. He has also held the positions of Deputy Clerk, District Attorney, and Judge of Tompkins County, New Y'ork. Wells, Daniel, Jr. — He was born in Maine; received a good English education ; removed to Wisconsin in 1836 ; became ex tensively engaged at Milwaukee in the business of banking and lumbering ; he was a representative in Congress, from Wisconsin, from 1853 to 1855. Wells, John. — He was born in New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Wells, John S. — He was a Senator in Congress, from New Hampshire, from January to March, in 1855, by executive appointment. He filled many local offices, and died at Exeter, New Hampshire, in 1860, aged fifty-six years. Wendover, Peter H. — He was born in New York City; was a member of the State Assembly, from the city of New Y'ork, in 1804 ; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1815 to 1821. Wentworth, John. — He was born in Sandwich, New Hampshire, March 5, 1815; and was the grandson of John Wentworth, jr., who was in the old Congress, and who signed the original Articles of Confedera tion for New Hampshire. He was educated at Dartmouth College, and shortly after graduating, in 1836, emigrated to the west and settled in Chicago, Illinois ; was among the first who took an interest in securing a city charter for the town ; and in a short time connected himself with the Chicago Democrat, which was long the official jour nal of the city, and which he conducted as proprietor and editor for twenty-five years. Before becoming fully engaged in politics he studied law, and, having, finished his course at Harvard, came to the bar in 1 841. In 1837 he became a member of the Board of Education and continued in that posi tion, when not in public life, for many years; and he was a Representative, from Illinois, to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty- ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first, and Thirty- second Congresses, serving on the Commit tees on Territories and Commerce. In 1857 and I860 he was Mayor ofj Chicago; was a member of the State Constitutional Con vention of 1861 ; in 1864 he was appointed one of the Police Commissioners of Chicago; and was subsequently re-elected for the sixth term to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ways and Means and Roads and Canals. Wentworth, John, Jr. — He was bom in Sommersworth, New Hampshire, July 17, 1745 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1768 ; studied law and adopted the pro fession, but upon the organization of Straf ford County, he received from his relative, Governor John Wentworth, the appoint ment of Register of Probate, which office he held until his death, which occurred at Dover, New Hampshire, January 10, 1787, from consumption, growing out of an at tack of small-pox. He settled at Dover early in life, and was for a while the only lawyer in his county. He was elected a Representative to the State Legislature, from 1776 i0 1780, when he took the place of his deceased father, also named John, in the Council, where he remained until 1784, his father having also been President of the first Revolutionary Assembly inNew Hamp shire, and also a Colonel in the army. He was a member of the State Senate from 1784 until his death; was an active mem ber of the Committee of Safety during the Revolution ; was a Delegate, from New Hampshire, to the Continental Congress in the years 1778 and 1779, serving four sessions, and was one-of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. He left a son named Paul, who was the father of John Wentworth, the Representative in Con gress from Illinois. Wentworth, Tappan. — He was born in Dover, New Hampshire, February 24, 1802; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1853 to 1855. He followed the law as a profession, and was President of the Common Council of Lowell in 1842 ; and served four years in the State Senate. Westbrook John. — He was bom iu Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. ¦Westbrook, Theodoric R. — He was a native of New York, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. A BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 405 Westcott, James D. — He was bom at Alexandria, Virginia, in May, 1802. He removed with his father to New Jersey, ¦ and was at an early age admitted to the bar of the Sunreme Court of that State, where he practiced his profession until 1829; and he afterwards held, for a short time, a position in the Consular Bureau of the State Department at Washington. He was appointed, by President Jackson, Sec retary of the Territory of Florida, and held the office four years, performing the duties of the Governor during his temporary ab sence. He was a member of the Territorial Legislature in 1832. He was appointed United States District Attorney for the Middle District of the Territory, which office he held until 1836. He was again a member of the Legislature, and a member of the Convention for framing a State Con stitution in 1838 and 1839. On the admis sion of Florida into the Union as a State, in 1845, he was elected a Senator in Con gress, and served until 1849. Westerlo, Rensselaer. — He w-as born iu New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1819. , Wethered, John. — He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Whaley, Kellian V. — Was born in Onondaga County, New York, May 6, 1821. While yet young, he removed with his father to Ohio, and received a limited education, and when twenty-one years old he settled in Western Virginia, devoting himself to the lumber and mercantile busi ness. When the Rebellion broke out he took the Union side of the question, and was elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pen sions. He afterwards acted as an aid to Govern6r Pierpoint, in organizing and equipping regiments, and was in command at the battle of Guyandotte, when he was taken prisoner, in November, 1861. After travelling with his captors sixty miles to wards Richmond, he made his escape at night when surrounded with guards, and after six days and nights spent in the mountains, suffering much from hunger, fatigue, and cold, he arrived safely at Cat- lettsburg, Kentucky, and was soon able to resume his seat in the House of Represent atives. He was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions, and as amember of the Committee on Agriculture. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims, and as amember of that on the Death of President Lincoln. He was also a mem ber of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lin coln to Illinois. Whallon, Reuben. — Born in New Jer sey, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1835, and died in Essex County, New York, April 15, 1343, aged sixty-six years. Wharton, Jesse. — He represented the State of Tennessee in Congress, from 1807 to 1809, and was a United States Senator in 1814 and 1815. He died at Nashville, July 22, 1833. Wharton, Samuel.— He was a Delegate from Delaware to the Continental Congress, from 1782 to 1783. Wheaton, Horace. — He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Wheaton, Laban. — He was born at Marshfield, Massachusetts, and graduated at Harvard University in 1 774. He studied both theology and law. He was a County Judge, and a Representative in Congress, from 1809 to 1817. He died at Norton, Massachusetts, March 23, 1846, aged nine ty-two years. Wheeler, Ezra. — He was born in Che nango County, New York, in 1 820 ; emi grated to Berlin, Wisconsin, in 1849 ; adopted the profession of law ; in 1852 he was elected to the Legislature of Wiscon sin ; in 1854 he was elected to the office of County Judge, holding the same for eight years ; and he was elected a Representa tive, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Wheeler, Grattan H.--He was a native of New York, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1831 to 1833. He was also a member of the State Assem bly, from Steuben County, for four years, and one year a member of the State Senate. Wheeler, John. — Born in 1823, at Dar by, Connecticut ; received a good commer cial education, and at the age of twenty entered the mercantile business in New 406 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. York City; he subsequently engaged in hotel keeping, which he followed at the time of his election, and during his service as a member of Congress, having been a Representative from 1853 to 1857, from New York. Wheeler, 'William A.— Born in Ma- lone, Franklin County, New Y'ork, in 1820 ; was a member of the class of 1842 of the University of Vermont, but did not gradu ate; adopted the profession of law ; in 1850 and 1851 he was elected to the State Legis- ture ; in 1857 and 1858 to the State Senate ; and in 1860 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress. He was for many years engaged iu the banking business, and was President of the Ogdensburg and Rouse's Point Railroad Company. Whipple, Thomas. — He was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts; was bred a physician, and served the State of New Hampshire, as a Representative in Congress, from 1821 to 1829. He died at Wentworth, New Hampshire, January 23, 1835, aged fifty years. ¦Whipple, "William. — Born in Kittery, Maine, in 1730 ; was educated at a common English school ; commenced active life as a sea captain ; in 1759 he settled at Ports mouth, New Hampshire, in the mercantile business ; in 1775 he was a member of the Provincial Congress; in 1776 of the Pro vincial Council ; and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1776 to 1779, and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. In 1777 he entered the army, served with distinction in several campaigns, and rose to be a Brigadier General ; in 1782 he w-as appointed Financial Receiver for New Hampshire, serving two years, when he resigned ; and also held the offices of Judge of the Superior Court, and Justice of the Peace and Quorum ; and was a Commis sioner on behalf of Connecticut to settle the land difficulties in Wyoming Valley. Died November 28, 1785. White, Addison. — He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. White, Albert S— Was born in Bloom ing Grove, Orange County, New York, Oc tober 24, 1803 ; graduated at Union College in 1822 ; studied law and was admitted to the bar at Newburg in 1825 ; removed to Indiana in 1829 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839 ; was a Senator in" Congress, from 1839 to 1845 ; during his service in Con gress, he was instrumental in securing grants of land for the Wabash and Erie Canal; and after leaving Congress, he abandoned politics and turned his attention to the railroad business, becoming Presi dent of the Wabash and Indianapolis, and of tho Lake Erie, Wabash and St. Louis Companies. Earlier in life he was for five years Clerk of the Indiana House of Rep resentatives ; and was elected a Represent ative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Foreign Affairs, and Chairman of a Select Committee on Emancipation. Af ter leaving Congress, he was appointed by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to settle certain claims against the Sioux Indians. In January, 1864, he wras appointed, by President Lincoln, Judge of the District Court of Indiana. He died in Stockwell, Indiana, September 4, 1 864. ¦White, Alexander. — He was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress, from North Carolina, from 1786 to 1788, and a Representative in Congress, from 1789 to 1793, and distinguished for his eloquence and patriotism. He died at Woodville, Virginia, in 1804, aged sixty-six years. White, Alexander. — He was born in Tennessee, and having settled in Alabama, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. White, Allison. — He was bom in Penn sylvania, December 21, 1816 ; received a common school education ; studied law and practiced his profession for twelve years. He was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from tho Fifteenth Congressional District of that State, and was Chairman of tho Committee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. White, Bartow W. — He was born in Westchester Couuty, New Y'ork ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 1827. White, Benjamin. — He was bom in Maine ; a farmer by occupation ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1844 and 1845. During the years 1841 and 1842 he was also a member of the Maine Legislature. White, Campbell P. — Was born in New York ; for many years a prominent BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 407 merchant in that city ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1835. He also took a leading part in the New York Convention of 1846. He died February 12, 1859, leaving an exalted reputation for abilities, and sterling quali ties of heart and manners. White, Chilton A. — Was born in Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio, Feb ruary, 1826; studied law with General Thomas L. Hamer, under whom he served one year as a private soldier in Mexico ; was admitted to the bar in 1848, and set tled in his native town. In 1852 and 1853 he was the Prosecuting Attorney for Brown County ; in 1859 and 1860 was chosen a Senator in the State Legislature ; but be fore the expiration of his second term he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures, and Expenditures in the Post Office Department. White, David. — He was one of the Judges of the Circuit Court of Kentucky, and represented that State in Congress, from 1823 to 1825. He died in Franklin County, Kentucky, February 17, 1835, aged fifty years. White, Edward D. — Governor of Louisiana, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1829 to 1834, and again from 1839 to 1843. His popu larity was great and well deserved. He died in New Orleans, April 18, 1847. White, Francis. — He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, his native State, from 1813 to 1815. "White, Hugh. — He was born in New York, followed the plough until he was nineteen years of age, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from his native State, from 1845 to 1851. White, Hugh Lawson. — He was born in Iredell County, North Carolina, October 30, 1773 ; removed with his father to Knox County, Tennessee, in 1786 -4 volunteered as a private soldier during the Indian hos tilities in 1792. In 1794 he went to Phila delphia, and pursued a course of mathe matical studies, and then went to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and studied law. He com menced the practice of his profession at Knoxville, in 1796. In 1801 he was ap pointed Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and served until 1807. In 1808 he was appointed District Attorney, and in 1809 was elected to the State Senate ; he again served six years in the Supreme Court as Judge, and in 1815 was chosen President of the State Bank of Tennessee. In 1820 he was again a member of the State Senate, and about that time was ap pointed, by President Monroe, a Commis sioner to adjust the claims of our citizens against Spain. He was elected a Senator in Congress, from 1825 to 1835, and from 1836 to 1840, serving on one occasion as President pro tern, of the Senate, and on important committees. At the election for President of the United States, in 1836, he received all the votes (twenty-six) of Geor gia and Tennessee. He resigned his seat in the Senate in 1839, having received in structions to vote against his own judg ment. Soon after reaching his home, in Knoxville, he died April 10, 1840. ¦White, James. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1792 to 1794. White, John. — He was born in 1805 ; served from 1835 to 1845, as a Representa tive in Congress from Kentucky, and was Speaker of the House during the Twenty- seventh Congress. He was Judge of the Nineteenth Judicial District at the time of his death, which occurred at Richmond, Kentucky, by suicide, September 22, 1845. His talents and attainments were of a high order. White, Joseph L. — Was born in Cherry Valley, New York ; studied law in Utica, and settled in Indiana ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. After leaving Con gress he settled in New York City, and practiced his profession with success. He subsequently entered into an India-rubber speculation, and while on a business visit to Nicaragua, he was shot by a drunken man, from the effects of which he died in January, 1861. White, Joseph M. — He was bom in Franklin County, Kentucky, and was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Florida, from 1823 to 1837, and died at St. Louis, Missouri, October 18, 1839, while on a visit to his brother. He was an eminent lawyer, and noted for his elo quence and acquirements. White, Joseph W. — Was born in Cam bridge, Guernsey County, Ohio, October 2, 1822 ; studied law, and came to the bar 408 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. in 1844 ; in 1845 and 1847 he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for his native county ; and was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Mileage and Ex penditures in the Treasury Department. White, Leonard. — Born in Haverhill, Massachusetts, in 1767. He was a fellow- student of John Quincy Adams, and at Harvard they were of the class of 1787. He was for many years Town Clerk and Treasurer, and represented his town in the Legislature, arid his district in Congress, from 1811 to 1813, and then he was ap pointed Cashier of the Merrimack Bank, which office he held until the infirmities of age obliged him to retire. He died in Haverhill, October 10, 1849. White, Phillips.— He was from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress, in 1782 and 1783. White, Phineas. — He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1797, and was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1821 to 1823. He was Register of Probate in the town of Pomfret, from 1800 to 1809; County Attorney in 1813; served eight years in the two branches of the State Legislature; and died in 1847, aged seventy-seven years. He was bom in Hampshire County, Massachusetts. White, Samuel. — Was a United States Senator, from Delaware, from 1801 until his death, which occurred at Wilmington, Delaware, November 4, 1809, aged thirty- nine years. Wliitcomb, James. — Was born in 1795. He removed with his father to Ohio, in 1806; had a country school education, and prepared himself for college by teaching school, and graduated at Transylvania University with the highest honors. He studied law, and settled in practice in Bloomington, Indiana, in 1824. In 1826 he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney, and in 1830 was chosen a member of the State Senate, and served five years. He was appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office in 1836; and in 1841 returned to the practice of his profession at Terre Haute, Indiana. In 1843 he was chosen Governor of the State, and was re-elected in 1846. He was elected a Senator of the United States in 1849, for the term ending in 1855, which position he held until his death, which occurred in New York, Oc tober 4, 1 852. He was much interested in the American Bible Society, of which as sociation he was Vice-President. Whitehill, James. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1814, when he resigned. He was also Judge of a County Court, and a General of militia. Died at Strasburg, Pennsylvania, March 5, 1822, at a very- advanced age. "Whitehill, John. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1807. Died in 1815 aged ninety-four years. "Whitehill, Robert. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805 to 1813, the. year in which he died. Whiteley, William G. — Born in New ark, New Castle County, Delaware ; grad uated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, in 1838. He was a lawyer by profession, and was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Con gress, from Delaware, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same Committee, and also on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. Whiteside, Jenkins — He was a Sen ator in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1809 to 1811, and died September 24, 1822. Whiteside, John. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 to 1819. Whitfield, J. W. — He was born in Tennessee, and was a Delegate, from the Territory of Kansas, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Whitman, Ezekiel. — Born in East Bridgewater, Massachusetts, March 11, 1776; graduated at Brown University in 1795 ; settled as a lawyer in the District of Maine in 1798; hewas Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and also of the Su preme Court of Maine, presiding as such for twenty-five years ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1809 to 1811, and from 1817 to 1821 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1821 to 1823. He was also a member of the Executive Council of Maine in 1815 and 1816, and a member of the Convention to form a Constitution in 1819. He is still living in the enjoyment of a happy old age. Whitman, Lemuel.- — He was a gradu ate of Yale College in 1800 ; was a Repre- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 409 sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1823 to 1824; and died at Farming- ton, November 18, 1841. Whitney, Thomas R. — He was born in New York City in 1804; served two years in the Assembly of that State, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1855 to 1857. He de voted much of his life to literary pursuits, having been at one time editor of the New York Sunday News, and was the author of a poem called the "Ambuscade," and a political work entitled "The American Policy Vindicated." He died April 12, 1858. Whittemore, Elias. — He was born in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827. Whittlesey, Elisha. — He was born in Washington, Connecticut, October 19, 1783 ; he spent a part of his boyhood on a farm; received an academical education ; studied law ; and in 1806 removed to the Western Reserve of Ohio, from which district he was a Representative in Congress from 1823 to 1839. Ho served in the war of 1812 as aide-de-camp to General E. Wads worth ; was for sixteen years a Prosecuting Attorney; and was elected to the State Legislature in 1820 and in 1821. He was appointed, by President Harrison, Auditor for the Post Office Department, aud, by President Taylor, was appointed First Comptroller of the Treasury, which office he continued to hold until the accession of President Buchanan. He was reappointed to the same position by President Lincoln in 1861. ¦Whittlesey, Frederick. — He was bom in Washington, Connecticut, in June, 1799; graduated at Yale College in 1818; studied law, and w-as admitted to the bar at Utica, New York, iu 1821 ; settled in Rochester in 1822 ; was a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1835; in 1839 he was chosen Vice-Chancellor of the Eighth Judicial District of New York, and retained the office eight years ; he was also a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State ; and in 1850 he was elected Professor of Law in Genesee College. He died in Rochester, New York, September 19, 1851. Whittlesey, Thomas T. — He was born in Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1817 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1836 to 1839. Whittlesey, W. A.— He was born in Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College ; studied law, and settled iu practice in Ohio; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1 851. Wick, William W. — Born in Canons- burg, Washington County, Pennsylvania, Februaiy 23, 1796. He received a classical education, and was pursuing a collegiate course when the death of his father threw him upon his own resources ; he then fol lowed the occupation of a teacher, and devoted his leisure hours to the study of medicine until 1818, when he wras induced to ad.opt the law as his profession, and prosecuted his studies with the Hon. Thomas Corwin,- and located, for practice, in Fayette County, Indiana, in 1820. He was that year Assistant Clerk of the House of Representatives, and in 1821 Assistant Secretary of the State Senate. In 1822 he- was chosen President Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit, and in 1825 became Secre tary of State; in 1829 he was Attorney for the State in the same circuit, from which office he retired in 1831, and was again President Judge for three years ; in 1839 he was elected a Representative in Con gress, and again in 1845 and 1847 ; in 1850 he was again chosen President Judge, and from 1853- to 1857 Postmaster at Indian apolis. He served in the militia of the State as Brigadier General, Quartermaster,. and Adjutant General. In 1857 he re sumed the practice of the legal profession. Wickes, EHphalet. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York,. from 1805 to 1807. Wickliffe, Charles A. — He was born in Bardstown, Kentucky, June 8, 1788; was educated at the Bardstown grammar school; studied law, and attained a high position at the bar. In 1812 he was ap pointed aide-de-camp to General Winlock, and during the same year was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected in 1813. He was at the battle of the Thames as aid to General Caldwell, after which he was again elected to the Legislature, where he continued until elected to Congress, from Kentucky, in 1823, and to which he was four times re-elected. He was for several sessions Chairman of the Commit tee on Public Lands. On his retirement from Congress, in 1833, he was again elected to the Legislature, and was Speaker in 1834 ; in 1836 he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky; on the death of Governor Clark, in 1839, he became Act ing Governor, and in 1841 was appointed 410 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Postmaster General by President Tyler. In 1845 he was sent by President Polk on a secret mission to Texas, to look after annexation ; in 1849 he was a member of the Convention called to revise the State Constitution; and in 1861 he once again became a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, having previously occupied a seat in the Peace Convention of February in that year, and served to the close of the Thirty-seventh Congress. He was also a Delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1864. Widgery, William. — He was a Lieu tenant of a privateer in the Revolutio/iary war; served in the Massachusetts Legis lature in 1789, 1791, 1793, 1794, and 1797 ; a State Councillor in 1806 and 1807; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1813 to 1822; and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813. He was bom in Philadelphia in 1753, and died iu Boston, August 7, 1822. Wigfall, Lewis T. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Texas, from 1859 until that State seceded, when he became identi fied with the Great Rebellion as a Briga dier General. Was expelled from the Senate in July, 1861. (Refused all ap peals for information.) "Wilbur, Isaac. — Born iu Rhode Isl and ; was, for many years, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, and in 1806 was Acting Governor. He was a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1807 to 1809. Wilcox, Jeduthun. — Born in New- Hampshire, in 1769, and died at Orford, in the same State, iu July, 1838. He was a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1817. Wilcox, John A. — He was born in North Carolina, and on removing to Mis sissippi, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Wilcox. Leonard.— He was a native, of New Hampshire; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1817 ; was a member of the State Legislature ; was a Judge of the Superior Court; and was a Senator in Congress, from New Hampshire, during the years 1842 and 1843. He died in 1850, aged fifty years. Wilde, Richard Henry. — He was born in the city of Dublin, September 24, 1789. His childhood was passed in Baltimore. His father having died, he obtained the rudiments of learning from his mother and a private tutor, and in his eleventh year was placed as a clerk in a store ; in 1802 he went with his mother to Augusta, Geor gia, and the twain obtained a living by merchandising, in a small way, the boy devoting all his leisure to books. Under many difficulties he studied law, and prac ticed with success ; also devoted himself to polite literature ; as an advocate- he rose to eminence ; was made Attorney General of Georgia; and, in 1815, was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from that State; was re-elected in 1823, and again in 1827, serving with maTked ability until 1835. After leaving Congress he visited Europe, and on his return devoted himself to litera ture, politics, and law. In 1843 he re moved to New Orleans, where he added to his reputation as a lawyer, and was elected Professor of Constitutional Law in the Uni versity of Louisiana. He died in New Orleans, September 10, 1847, leaving a reputation composed of the elements of the statesman, the orator, and the poet. One of his lyrics, entitled "My Life is Like a Summer Rose," attracted the praise of Lord Byron. His literary productions were quite numerous, and they all bear the impress of a gifted and highly educated mind. His principal work was a "Life of Tasso," which evinced his familiarity with Italian literature, and gave him a rank among the best scholars. Wilder, A. Carter. — He was born in Mendon, Worcester County, Massachu setts, March 18, 1828 ; in 1850 removed to Rochester, New York, and in 1857 to Kan sas, where he was engaged in mercantile pursuits ; was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1860 ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Kansas, to the Thirty-eighth Congress,, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Conven tion of 1864. Wildman, Zalmon. — He was from Danbury, Connecticut; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1836. He died at Washington, District of Columbia, De cember 10, 1835, before the expiration of his term. Wildrick Isaac. — He was born in New Jersey ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 411 Wiley, James S. — He was born in Maine; graduated at Waterville College in 1836; studied law; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1847 to 1849. Wilkin, James W. — Born in 1762; graduated at Princeton College, in 1785; was a member of the Legislature of New York in 1800 ; and held many other places in the gift of his fellow-citizens ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1819. He died* at Goshen, New York, February 23, 1845. Wilkin, Samuel J. — He was bom in New York ; graduated at Princeton College in 1812 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833; having been in the State Assembly, from Orange County, in 1824 and 1825. He was also the Whig candidate for Lieutenant Governor on the ticket with Millard Fill more. Died in Goshen, Orange County, New York, March 11, 1866, aged seventy- six years. Wilkins, William. — He was born in 1779 ; was a Senator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1834 ; a Rep resentative in Congress from 1 843 to 1844 ; Secretary of War, from 1844 to 1845, under President Tyler ; and was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia in 1834. He subsequently held the office of Judge of the United States District Court for Western Pennsylvania ; and died near Pittsburgh, June 23, 1865. Wilkinson, Morton S. — Was born in Skaneateles, Onondaga County, New York, January 22, 1819 ; received an academi cal education, working occasionally upon his father's farm; in 1837 he removed to Illinois, and was employed for two years upon the railroad works then commenced in that State ; returned to his native town, studied law, and was admitted to the bar, after which he removed to the West again, and settled at Eaton Rapids, in Michigan ; in 1847 he settled in Minnesota, and in 1849, when that Territory was organized, he was elected to the Legislature, and the laws adopted by the Territory as its code were of his draughting ; and in 1859 he was chosen a Senator in Congress, from Min nesota, for the term ending in 1865, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims, and as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Conven tion of 1864. Willey, Calvin.— Born at East Had- dam, Connecticut, September 15, 1776; he read law-, and was admitted to the bar in 1798; he served in the State Legislature and Senate a number of years, and was Postmaster at Stafford Springs eight years ; Judge of Probate for seven years ; in 1824 he was a Presidential Elector ; and a Sena tor in Congress from 1825 to 1831. He died at Stafford, Connecticut, August 23, 1858. Willey, Waitman T. — Was born on Buffalo Creek, Monongalia County, Vir ginia, October 18, 1811.; received a com mon school education, and graduated at Madison College in 1831 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1833; in 1841 he was elected Clerk of the Monongalia County Court; subsequently Clerk of the Circuit Court, holding the two fourteen years ; in 1850 he was elected to the Con vention to reform the Constitution of Vir ginia; in 1853 he delivered a series of lectures on Methodism, took part in va rious local societies, lectured on various topics, and wrote for the reviews ; in 1858 he was a Delegate to the National Conven tion of that year ; in the winter of 1 860-'61 he was a Delegate to the Richmond Con vention ; and in 1861 he was elected by the reorganized Legislature of Virginia a Senator in Congress ; and at the close of that year was a Delegate to the Wheeling Constitutional Convention ; and in 1863 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from West Virginia, serving on the Com mittees on Naval Affairs, the District of Columbia, and Engrossed Bills. In 1863 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Alleghany College of Pennsylva nia. In 1864 he was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1865 and ending in 1871. Williams, Benjamin. — He was a na tive of North Carolina ; a patriot of the Revolution ; and a member of Congress from 1793 to 1795. He also served many years in the State Legislature, and was twice elected Governor of North Carolina, in 1799 and 1807. He died in Moore. County, of that State. Williams, Christopher H. — He was bom in Tennessee ; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1843, and again from 1849 to 1853. Williams, David R. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1805 to 1809, aud again from 1811 to 1813, in which year he was ap- 412 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. pointed, by President Madison, Brigadier General. He was also Governor of South Carolina from 1814 to 1816. Williams, George H. — He was born in Columbia County, New York, March 23, 1823 ; received an academical educa tion in Onondaga County, studied law, and on being admitted to the bar in 1844 immediately emigrated to Iowa; in 1847 he was elected Judge of the First Judicial District of that State ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852; from President Pierce he received, in 1853, the appointment of Chief Justice of the Territory of Oregon, and was reappointed by President Buchanan in 1857, but resigned; was a member of the Constitutional Convention which preceded the formation of a State government ; and in 1864 he was elected a Senator in Con gress, from Oregon, for the term com mencing in 1865 and ending in 1871, serv ing on the Committees on the Judiciary, on Claims, on Private Land Claims, on Finance, and the Special Committee on the Rebellious States. He was also a mem ber of the National Committee to accom pany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Williams, Henry. — He was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, in November, 1804 ; adopted the profession of law ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, and from 1843 to 1845. Hewas also a Senator for two years ; and a Representative in the State Legislature for three years. Williams, Hezekiah. — He was bom in Woodstock, Windsor County, Vermont ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1820; studied law ; was Register of Probate from 1824 to 1838; a State Senator from 1839 to 1841 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1845 to 1849. He died October 24, 1856, aged fifty-eight years. Williams, Isaac, Jr. — He was a native of New Y'oTk ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1814 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1823 to 1825. Williams, James W. — He was a na tive of Maryland, and was for many years a prominent member of the Legislature of that State, being for a time Speaker of the House of Delegates. In May, 1841, he was elected to Congress as a Representa tive, and continued a member of that body until the time of his death, in De cember, 1 842. While on his way to Wash ington, December 2, 1843, he was stricken with paralysis, while in his carriage, and survived the attack but a short time. His age was about fifty-five years. Williams, Jared. — He was bom in Montgomery County, Maryland, March 4, 1766, and died in Frederick County, Vir ginia, January 2, 1831. In 1811 hewas elected to the House of Delegates of Vir ginia, and served a number of years ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1819 to 1825. In 1829 he was a Presidential Elector, voting for General Jackson, and was appointed, by the Electoral College, to transmit the vote to Washington. When not in public life, he was devoted to the pursuits of agricul ture. Williams, Jared W. — He was born in New Hampshire ; graduated at Brown University in 1818 ; settled as a lawyer in Lancaster; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841 ; and a Senator in Congress from 1853 to 1854, by appointment, in place of C. G. Atherton, deceased. He was Gover nor of New Hampshire from 1847 to 1849 ; served several terms in the State Legisla ture ; and died in Lancaster, New Hamp shire, September 29, 1864. Williams, John. — He was a Delegate, from North Carolina, to the Continental Congress from 1787 to 1788, and signed the Articles of Confederation. Williams, John. — He was a member of the New York Senate from 1777 to 1779, and from 1783 to 1795, from Wash ington County; of the Assembly from 1781 to 1782; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1795 to 1799. Williams, John. — He was a Senator in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1823, and was highly respected for his talents and character. He died at Knox ville, August 7, 1837. Williams, John. — He was born in New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. ¦Williams, Joseph L. — He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1843. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 413 Williams, Lemuel. — He graduated at Harvard University in 1765, and was a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1799 to 1805. He died in 1827. Williams, Lewis. — Bora in Surry County, North Carolina ; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1808; entered the House of Commons, of his native State, in 1813; was re-elected in 1814 ; and was a Representative in Con gress from 1815 to 1842, where, for his many good qualities and his long service, he was known as the "Father of the House." He died in Washington, while representing his State in Congress, Febru ary 23, 1842, aged nearly sixty years. He was for fifteen years Chairman of the Com mittee on Claims. Williams, Marmaduke. — Born April 6, 1772, in Caswell County, North Caro lina ; he was a lawyer by profession, and served as a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1803 to 1809. In 1810 he removed, with his family, to Madison County, Alabama, and thence to Tuscaloosa, in 181 8. He was repeatedly elected to the Legislature, and was a Dele gate, from Tuscaloosa County, to the Con vention which formed the State Constitu tion. Was a candidate for Governor, but defeated by William W. Bibb. In 1826 was appointed a Commissioner to adjust the unsettled accounts between Alabama and Mississippi, growing out of their terri torial relationship. In 1832 was elected Judge of the County Court, which office he held until April, 1 842, when he resigned, having attained the age of seventy, which the Constitution declares a disqualification for the bench. He died- in Tuscaloosa, October 29, 1850. Williams, Nathan. — He was born in New York ; served in the State Assembly, from Onondaga, in 1816, 1817, and 1818 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1805 to 1807. "Williams, Reuel. — Born in Hallowell (now Augusta,) Maine, June 2, 1783; had an academic education, and 'Was a lawyer by profession. He was a Representative and Senator in the Legislature of Maine for twelve years, and a Senator in Con gress, from 1837 to 1843. He received from Bowdoin College the degree of LL.D., and was a Trustee of that institution. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1836. Died at Augusta in 1862. Williams, Robert. — He was born in Caswell County, North Carolina, and bred to the law. He was the brother of Mar maduke Williams, and distinguished for his attainments : was an Adjutant General of North Carolina ; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1797 to 1803, and was appointed Commissioner of Land Titles in Mississippi Territory in 1803. He was also Governor of the Terri tory of Mississippi from 1805 to 1809. He. emigrated to Tennessee toward the close of his life, and died in Louisiana. Williams, Sherrod. — He was born i Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1841. Williams, Thomas. — Was born in Greensburg, Westmoreland County, Penn sylvania, August 28, 1 806 ; graduated at Dickinson College in 1825; studied law, and came to the bar in 1828 ; settled in Pittsburg, from which place he was sent, as Senator, to the State Legislature in 1838 and the three following years ; in 1860 he was re-elected to the lower House of the Legislature ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to tho Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress,' serving on the Committees on the Judiciary and on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. Williams, Thomas Hill. — Was a native of North Carolina, and read law, but re linquished the profession for a clerkship in the War Department at Washington. In 1805 he was appointed, by President Jef ferson, Register of the Land Office, and Commissioner for deciding Land Claims in the Territory of Mississippi ; he subse quently held the office for a few years of Collector at New Orleans ; and was a Sena tor in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1817 to 1831. Late in life he removed to Tennessee, and there died. Williams, Thomas H. — He emigrated to the northern part of Mississippi soon after the cession of Indian territory in that quarter, and held the office of a Senator in Congress, from Mississippi, during the years 1838 and 1839, by executive appoint ment. Williams, Thomas Scott. — Born at Wethersfield, Connecticut, June 26, 1777 ; graduated at Y'ale College in 1794 ; studied law at Litchfield ; was admitted to the bar in Windham Comity, in 1799, and com- 414 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. menced practice at Mansfield, whence he removed to Hartford in 1603. In 1809 he was appointed Attorney of the Board of Managers of the School Fund. He repre sented the town of Hartford in the General Assembly for seven terms, from 1813 to 1829 ; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1817 to 1819. In 1829 he was appointed an Asso ciate Judge of the Supreme Court of Errors, and in 1834 was appointed Chief Justice ; and in the same year he received the degree of LL.D. from Y'ale College. He was Mayor of the city of Hartford from 1831 to 1835. In 1847 he resigned his position as Chief Justice, his term having expired by constitutional limitation. He was for twenty years President of the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, and Vice President for a long time of the Insane Retreat at Hartford, and of the Board of Foreign Missions, and subsequently Presi dent of the American Tract Society. He lived in retirement at Hartford, until De cember 15, 1861, when he died, leaving a much-loved name for his benevolence. Williams, Thomas W. — Bom in Ston- ington, Connecticut, September 28, 1790 ; was educated at Plainfield and Stonington Academies ; received a commercial educa tion in New York City, and was engaged in mercantile business at New London, Connecticut, from 1609. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1 639 to 1 643 ; a member of the Legis- lature in 1646; and chosen Presidential Elector in 1848. Williams, William. — He was born in Lebanon. Windham County, Connecticut, April 8, 1731 ; graduated at Harvard Col lege in 1751 ; in 1755 hewas commissioned as a staff officer, and after one campaign among the Indians returned home and commenced the mercantile business. Soon after hewas elected Town Clerk, a member of the Assembly of Connecticut, and a Justice of the Peace, and was for nearly one hundred sessions member, Clerk, or Speaker of the House ot Representatives. At the commencement of the war he was a member of the Council of Safety; was one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde pendence; and a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from 1776 to 1776, and againinl763 and 1764. When the Govern ment Treasury was drained, he gave to his country what he called his "last mite, ' ' which amounted to more than §2,000, and he was very fortunate in obtaining dona tions from others. For forty years he held the more honorable local offices of his town and county ; and he was a member of the Convention which formed the first Consti tution of Connecticut. Died August 2, 1811, greatly lamented. Williamson, Hugh. — Bom in Pennsyl vania, December 5,- 1735, and died sud denly, May 22, 1819. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1757 ; studied divinity, and preached two years; in 1760 was appointed Professor of Mathe matics in the University of Pennsylvania ; resigned in 1764, and went to Edinburgh to study medicine ; on his return, in 1772, settled in practice in his profession in Phila delphia ; he again visited Europe, and had much to do with matters connected with the Revolution ; he subsequently engaged in commercial pursuits, and an accident took him to Edenton, North Carolina. With that State he was long and honorably identified. He served a number of years in the House of Commons ; also in the Con tinental Congress from 1782 to 1785, and from 1787 to 1788; was a Delegate to the Convention which formed the Constitution of the United States, and signed the same; and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1790 to 1793. In 1811 he published a work on the Cli mate of America; in 1S12 a History of North Carolina ; and he was associated with De Witt Clinton, in 1814, in forming the Literary and Philosophical Society of New Y'ork. He enjoyed the respect of all who knew him, and died universally la mented. Wlllianison, William D. — Born in Canterbury, Connecticut, July 31, 1779; graduated at Brown University in 1 804 ; studied and adopted the law as a profes sion, commencing practice, in 1807, at Bangor; he was for seven years in the Senate of Massachusetts, before the sepa ration of Maine ; also a Senator in the Maine Legislature in 1621 ; part of that year Acting Governor of Maine ; a member of Congress, from Maine, from 1S21 to 1823 ; Judge of Probate from 1827 to 1340 : and a Bank Commissioner from 1838 to 1841. Hewas theauthor, also, of aHistory of Maine. Died at Bangor, May 27, 1846. Willing, Thomas. — He was one of the first to talk about resisting the British in Pennsylvania ; was Chairman of a Revo lutionary meeting in June, 1774 ; and he was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress in 1775 and 1776. Willis, Francis. — He was born in Frederick County, Virginia, January 5, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 415 1825 ; received a good education ; and, removing to Georgia in 1784, he was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1791 to 1793. In 1811 he took up his residence in Tennessee, and led the life of a retired gentleman. He died in Maury County, Tennessee, January 25, 1829. WUloughby, Westel, Jr. — He was a Representative in Congress, from New- York, from 1816 to 1817. Wilmot, David. — Born at Bethany, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, January 20, 1814. He was educated at Bethany Academy, and at Aurora, Cayuga County, New York ; read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1834 ; he was a member of Con- fress from 1845 fo 185 1 ; and subsequently 'resident Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, which position he resigned, but to which he was re-elected. He was the author of a slavery proviso, which caused some excitement in Congress when he was a member. In 1861 he was elected a Senator in Congress, where he re mained until 1863, serving on the Com mittees on Foreign Affairs, on Claims, and on Pensions. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. In 1863 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Judge of the Court of Claims. Wilson, Alexander. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1804 to 1809. Wilson, Edgar C. — He was a native of Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. Died at Morgantown, Virginia, in May, I860. "Wilson, E. K. — He graduated at Prince ton College in 1789, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1827 to 1831. - Wilson, Henry. — He was bom in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1826. Died in Allen- town, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1826. "Wilson, Henry. — Born February 16, 1812, in Farmington, New Hampshire; was brought up on a farm; and when twenty-one went to Natick, Massachusetts, where he learned to make shoes. In 1840 he was elected to the Legislature of Massa chusetts, in which he served four years, and then four years in the State Senate, of which he was President two sessions. In 1852 he was the free soil candidate for Congress, but was defeated by a very small vote ; in 1853 he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention, and has since then taken an active part in political conventions ; and in 1855 he was elected a Senator in Congress to succeed Edward Everett, and was re-elected in 1859 for a long term. From 1842 to 1851 he was actively connected with the militia of Massachusetts as Major, Colonel, and Brigadier General. In 1861 he raised the Twenty-second Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, of which he became Colonel, and, after joining the Army of the Poto mac, was made a member of General Mc- Clellan's staff, on which he served until the meeting of Congress. Since the com mencement of the war he has been Chair man of the Committee of Military Affairs, which has had to pass on eleven thousand appointments and to devise most important measures of legislation during the rebellion. In 1856 he was challenged by Preston Brooks, of South Carolina, for pronounc ing his assault on Senator Sumner "mur derous, brutal, and cowardly," but he re plied that, while believing in the right of self-defence, he declined the challenge, as duelling, in his opinion, was a violation of law and the relic of a barbarous age. He was again re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1865, and ending in 1871, and was made Chairman of the Committee on Pensions, though continuing at the head of the Military Committee. He published a work entitled "Anti-Slavery Measures in Congress," and a History of the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Con gresses, as well as of the Congressional measures connected with the prosecution of the war for the Union. He was the originator of the bill abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia, and also that establishing the American Academy of Sciences. He was also one of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Wilson, Isaac. — During the war of 1812 he commanded a company of cavalry, and was in some the severest actions on the Northern frontier. He was subse quently elected a member of the Assembly of New York, aud also of the Senate. He was elected a Representative in Congress in 1823, and at the end of his term, his seat having been successfully contested by P. Adams, was appointed first Judge of Genesee County, aud held it until his re moval to Batavia, Illinois, where he died October 25, 1848. 416 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. ¦Wilson, James. — Born near St. An drews, Scotland, in 1742 ; received a classi cal education, and had for tutors Doctors Blair and Watts ; emigrated to Philadelphi a in 1766, and became an usher in that city : adopted the profession of law, and removed to Carlisle ; lived a year in Maryland, and then settled in Philadelphia ; was an active member of a war convention in 1773 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1778, in 1782-'83, and from 1785 to 1787 ; was a signer of the Declara tion of Independence ; on the commence ment of hostilities he was appointed a Colonel in the army, and was a Commis sioner to treat with the Indians. When not in Congress he acted as Advocate Gen eral for the French nation; was a Director in the Bank of North America; was a member of the Convention to form the Federal Constitution, and signed that in strument ; also of that to alter the Consti tution of Pennsylvania. In 1790 he was appointed Law Professor in the University of Philadelphia; received the degree of LL.D.; and died August 28, 1798, in Edenton, North Carolina, while upon a visit to that place. ¦Wilson, James. — Born in 1757; grad uated at Harvard University in 1789 ; was -a lawyer by profession ; and a Representa tive in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1809 to 1811. He died at Keene, New Hampshire, January 4, 1839. Wilson, James. — He was born in York County, now Adams County, Pennsyl vania, April 28, 1779; received a good English education ; in his fourteenth year he was bound to learn the trade of a cabi net-maker, in Maryland; from 1811 to 1822 he was a Justice of the Peace ; and was a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twen tieth Congresses, serving chiefly on the Committee on Claims. Soon after return ing to private life he was again elected a Justice of the Peace, the duties of w-hieh office he continued to fill until 1859. It is said of him that he never solicited a vote for office, nor attended a political meeting to promote his own advancement. Wilson, James. — He was bom in New Hampshire; was Speaker of the State House of Representatives in 1828, and in the Legislature a number of years ; prac ticed law at Keene; was a General of militia ; and a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1847 to 1849. He subsequently settled in California. ¦Wilson, James. — He was born in Craw- fordsville, Montgomery County, Indiana, April 9, 1822 ; graduated at Wabash Col lege in 1842 ; was admitted to the bar in 1845 ; went to Mexico in 1846 as a private in the Indiana regiment, and before his re turn home was promoted to the office of Quartermaster ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Com mittee on Elections. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. In 1866 he was appointed, by President Johnson, Minister Resident to Venezuela. Wilson, James F. — Was born in New ark, Ohio, October 19, 1S28 ; resided there until 1853, when he removed to Iowa ; in 1856 was elected a member of the Conven tion to revise the State Constitution; in 1857 he was appointed, by the Governor of the State, Assistant Commissioner of the Des Moines River Improvement; in 1857 he was elected to the State Legisla ture ; in 1859 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1861 was President of the Senate ; during that year he was elected a Representative, from Iowa, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, for the unexpired term of S. R. Curtis ; and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on the Judiciary. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, continuing at the head of the Judiciary, serving as Chairman also of that on Unfin- ishedBusiness, and as a member of the Com mittee on the Air-fine Railroad to New Y'ork. Wilson, James J. — Bom in Essex County, New Jersey ; for many years editor of the True American, at Trenton ; and he was a Senator in Congress, from New Jer sey, from 1815 to 1821, when he resigned, and was appointed Postmaster at Trenton, New Jersey. He was also for many years Clerk of the State Assembly, and died July 28, 1824. He was also at one time Adjutant General of the State, and always a man of influence. Wilson, John.— He was bom in 1777 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1799; studied law, and attained a high position in his profession ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819. He died at Belfast, Maine, July 9, 1848. .Wilson, John.— He was born in Y'ork District, South Carolina, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 417 from 1821 to 1S27; Elector in 1809. also a Presidential Wilson, Nathan. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1808 to 1809. Wilson, Robert. — He was appointed a Senator in Congress, from Missouri, taking his seat in 1861, and serving on the Com mittee on the Pacific Railroad. Continued in the position until November, 1 863. "Wilson, Stephen F. — He was born in Columbia, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, , September 4, 1821 ; spent his boyhood on a farm, and received his education at Wellsboro' Academy, where he was an as sistant teacher for one term ; he also, for a while, taught in a district school at Wells boro' ; studied and adopted the profession of law ; was a borough assessor for one year ; a school director for six years ; was a Senator in the State Legislature in 1863, and 1864, and though returned to the State Senate, was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty -uinth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Public Buildings and Grounds. Wilson, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1811 to 1813. Died January 24, 1826. Wilson, Thomas. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1817. Died at Erie, October 4, 1824, aged fifty -three years. Wilson, William. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1814 to 1819. Wilson, William. — He was bom in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1827. Windom, William. — Born in Belmont County, Ohio, May 10, 1827; received an academic education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1850 ; was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Knox Couuty in 1852 ; removed to Minnesota in 1353, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Public Lands and of the Special Commit tee of Thirty-three. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures ; and also to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Indian his college. He was a man of talents, and 27 Affairs, and of the Special Committee to visit the Indian Tribes of the West in 1865. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on tho Death of President Lincoln, and again at the head of tho Committee on Indian Affairs. Winfield, Charles H. — He was born in Crawford, Orange County, New Y'ork, April 22, 1822; studied law and came to the bar in 1846 ; he was for six years Dis trict Attorney for Orange County, from 1850 to 1856; and in 1862 hewas elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Re elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. In 1865 he was Chairman of the State Dem ocratic Convention, previous to its final organization. In the Thirty-ninth Con gress he served on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, and on Coinage, Weights, and Measures, and Ways and Means. Wing, Austin E. — He was born in Hampshire County, Massachusetts; was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Michigan, in 1832 ; resided at Monroe, and was for many years a leading man in all its local affairs. He died at Cleveland, Ohio, August 25, 1849. Wingate, Joseph F. — He was born in Massachusetts; was a member of the Legis lature of that State, in 1818 and 1819 ; Col lector of Customs at Bath, Maine, from 1820 to 1824 ; member of the Maine Legis lature in 1825 and 1826 ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1827 to 1831. Wingate, Paine. — He was born at Amesbury, Massachusetts, May 14, 1739 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1759 ; ordained as a Congregational minister at Hampton Falls, New Hampshire, in 1763 ; and afterwards removed to Stratham, and engaged in agricultural pursuits. He w-as appointed a member of Congress under the Confederation in 1787 ; after the adoption of the Constitution he was elected a mem ber of the United States Senate, in 1789, and sen-ed till 1793, when he was elected a Representative in Congress, in 1793, serving until 1795. In 1798 be was ap pointed a Judge of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, and continued in office till May, 1809, when he attained the age of seventy. He survived all others who were members of the United States Senate at the time of his taking his seat in that body upon its first organization ; and he was for some years the oldest graduate of 418 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. extensive information ; highly esteemed and respected for his character, and his honorable and useful life. He died at Stratham, New Hampshire, March 7, 1838. Winslow, "Warren. — He was bom in Fayetteville, North Carolina, January 1, 1810 ; entered Chapel Hill University, and graduated in 1827; having studied law, was soon afterwards admitted to the bar. In 1854 he was appointed, by President Pierce, a confidential agent to Madrid, on business connected with the Black Warrior affair ; during his absence abroad he was nominated for the Senate of North Carolina, was elected a member thereof, and placed in the chair of Speaker ; while in that posi tion, Governor Reid was elected to the United States Senate, and the duties of Governor devolved upon and were per formed by Mr. Winslow. He was elected, in 1865, to the Thirty-fourth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a mem ber of the Committees on Naval Affairs, and on the Library, and on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebel lions States. He was offered, by Presi dent Buchanan, the mission to Sardinia, but declined. He took part in the Rebel lion of 1861, in some military capacity, and was killed in battle in 1863. Winston, Joseph — Born in Virginia, in 1746. In 1760 joined a company of rangers, and marched to the frontier of the State ; in a battle on the Greenbrier, was twice wounded, and had a horse killed under him ; had a pension granted to him by the Legislature, for his gallantry in battle ; in 1766 removed to North Carolina ; took an active part in the Revolution; raised a regiment, and marched against the Cherokee Indians ; was appointed a Major in 1776, and had various actions with the iorces of the Tories ; commanded the right wing of the American troops m the battle of King's Mountain, and for his bravery had a sword voted to him by the Legisla ture; was elected to Congress in 1792, and again in 1803, and served till 1807. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1801. Winter, Elisha J.— He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1613 to 1615. Winthrop, Robert C. — Born in Bos ton, Massachusetts, May 12, 1809; grad uated at Harvard College in 1826, and studied law with Daniel Webster. He entered the Legislature of Massachusetts in 1835, and was Speaker of the House from 1338 to 1840; was a member of the United States House of Representatives, from 1840 to 1842, when he resigned on account of domestic circumstances, but was re-elected the same year, and continued in that body until 1850, having been Speaker during the Congress commencing in 1847. He was appointed to the Senate of the United States to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Mr. Webster, and served from 1850 to 1851. He was President of the Electoral College of Massachusetts which voted for General Scott ; and was President of the Historical Society of Mas sachusetts, and other literary and charita ble associations; also President of the Commissioners chosen by the City of Bos ton for building a Public Library. He de livered the Inaugural of the Franklin Statue in 1856, and also that of the Washington Monument in 1848. He subsequently pub lished a memoir of Nathan Appleton and the Life and Letters of John Winthrop. "Wise, Henry A. — Born December 3, 1 806, in Drummondtown, Accomac County, Virginia; graduated at Washington Col lege, Pennsylvania, at the age of nineteen; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Winchester, Virginia, in 1828 ; the same year removed to Nashville, Tennessee, and practiced his profession for two years, when, from local attachment, he returned to Accomac, and became a Representative in Congress, sen-ingfroml833tol844, when he resigned his seat for the mission to Brazil, which post he occupied until the fall of 1647. He was appointed Minister to France in 1843 and resigned, but the Senate did not con firm him, and he was immediately returned to Congress. In 1848 he was one of the Presidential Electors of Virginia. In 1850 he was a member of the Reform Conven tion of Virginia, which adopted the present Constitution of the .State. In 1852 he was again Presidential Elector; and in 1355 was elected Governor of Virginia, which office he held until I860. Served in the Great Rebellion as a Brigadier General. Widner, Henry. — He was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Con gress from 1774 to 1776. Witherell, James. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Vermont, during the years 1807 and 1806, and was in the latter year appointed Federal Judge in Michigan Territory. From 1798 to 1803 he was a member of the State Legislature ; two years a County Judge : and a State Councillor from 1802 to 1807. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 419 Witherspoon, John. — Born near Ed inburgh, Scotland, February 5, 1722, and was a lineal descendant of John Knox; graduated at the University of Edinburgh, in his twenty-first year, and was licensed as a preacher, assisting his father, who was also a preacher ; in 1746, while witnessing the battle of Falkirk; he was arrested and imprisoned; after his release he declined a number of calls from all parts of the kingdom, but in 1766, through the influ ence of Richard Stockton, he was elected President of Princeton College, and came to America. In this new sphere he was eminently successful ; at the commencement of the Revolution he espoused the Ameri can cause, and took an active part on com mittees and in conventions; he was a member of the first Constitutional Conven tion of New Jersey in 1776 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; and a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1776 to 1783, and signed the Articles of Confederation. He served in the Legisla ture, and at the same time frequently occu pied the pulpit; revisited Scotland in 1782; and on his return retired to private life. Died at Princeton, Noveniber 15, 1794. He left numerous literary, political, and theological writings ; was distinguished as an orator; and left a name that will be always affectionately remembered by the people of his adopted State. Witherspoon, Robert. — He was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1809 to 1811. Witte, William H.— He was born in New Jersey, and having settled in Penn sylvania, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1853 to 1855. Wolcott, Oliver. — He was the son of Roger Wolcott, an early Governor of Con necticut, and was born November 26, 1726; graduated at Yale College, in his twenty- first year; was immediately commissioned to command a company to defend the frontier ; afterwards studied medicine, and in 1751 was chosen Sheriff of Litchfield County. In 1774 he was appointed coun sellor, and held the office twelve years; he was one of the signers of the Declara tion of Independence, and of the Articles of Confederation ; a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress from 1775 to 1778, and from 1780 to 1784 ; as a military man he rose to the grade of Major General, and was present at the capture of Burgoyne; and in 1775 he was appointed Commis sioner of Indian Affairs for the Northern Department. In 1785 he was associated with Lee and Butler in negotiating a treaty with the Six Nations ; in 1786 hewas elected Lieutenant Governor of Connec ticut, holding the office ten years ; and he was Governor of Connecticut from 1796 until his death, which occurred in Decem ber, 1797, regretted by all who knew them. Wolf, George. — He was born in Allen Township, Northampton County, Penn sylvania, August 12, 1777. After pursu ing a course of classical education in his own county, he studied law, became emi nent, and engaged in a lucrative practice. In 1818 hewas elected a member of the Legislature of his native State; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1824 to 1829; Gov ernor of that State from 1829 to 1835 ; in 1836 was appointed First Comptroller of the United States Treasury; and subse quently Collector of Customs for Philadel phia, in which city he died of an affection of the heart, March 14, 1840. Wood, Abiel. — Hewas a distinguished merchant of Wiscasset, Massachusetts, and a member of Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1815. From 1807 to 1811, and in 1816, he was a member of the State Legislature ; a State Councillor in 1820 and 1821 ; and a member of the Constitu tional Convention of 1819. He died at Belfast, Maine, November, 1834, aged sixty-two years. Wood, Amos E. — Bom in Jefferson County, New York, in 1810 ; he removed with his father in 1825 to Portage County, Ohio. In 1833 he settled permanently in Woodville, Sandusky County; he twice represented his district in the lower branch of the Legislature, and once for a term of two years in the State Senate ; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1850 to 1852. He died in Fort Wayne, Indiana, November 19, 1850. He filled the unexpired term of R. Dickinson ; and the farm upon which he lived and died was cleared by his own hands. Wood, Benjamin. — He was born in Shelbyville, Kentucky, October 13, 1820 ; received a good English education ; has acquired some reputation as a novelist ; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Con giess, and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress. He has served on the Commit tees on Mileage, and on Invalid Pensions. Wood, Bradford R. — He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in 420 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1645 to 1847. Wood, Fernando.— Born in Philadel phia in 1812; and from the. humble em ployment of a segar maker, he rose to the position of a clerk in a counting-house, and was for many years a ship-owner and successful merchant in New Y'ork. He was a Representative in Congress, from New- York, from 1841 to 1643 ; and in 1654 was elected Mayor of the city of New York, and re-elected to that office. In 1662 he was elected for a second time a Representative, from New Y'ork, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Wood, John. — Bom in Philadelphia in 1616; w-as educated for the counting-room, in which he had an experience of twenty- five years, devoting himself chiefly to the manufacture of iron ; and never held any public position but that of Representative to the Thirty-sixth Congress, from Penn sylvania, to which he was elected eontrary to his wishes, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Wood, John J. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1627 to 1829. Wood, JohnM. — Hewas bom inMin- nisink, Orange Covin ty, New Y'ork, No vember 17, 1813; received a good common school education : was a member of the Legislature of Maine ; and was for years occupied as a constructor of railroads and other public works He was elected in 1854 a Representative from Maine, in the Thirty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress ; and was a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Died in Boston, December 2-1, 1864. Wood, Joseph. — He. was a Delegate, from Georgia, to the Continental Congress, from 1777 to 1779. Wood, Silas.— He was bom in Suffolk County, New York ; graduated at Prince ton College in 1769 ; was the author of a History of Long- LI and ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1619 to 1829.'" He died at Hunting ton, Suffolk County, Long Island, March 2, 1847, aged seventy-eight years. Woodbridge, Frederick E.— He was born in Vergennes, Vermont, August 29, 1818; graduated at the University of Ver mont in 1640 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1842 ; served three years in the State Legislature, two years in the State Senate, three years as State Auditor ; and in 1863 he was elected a Representative, from Vermont, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary and Private Land Claims. Wocdbridge, William. — Born in Nor wich, Connecticut, August. 20, 1780; and his father becoming one of the earliest emi grants to the Northwest Territory, he re moved to Marietta in 1791. He received his earliest education in Connecticut ; stud ied law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and was admitted to the bar, in Ohio, in 1806. Iu 16(17 he was elected to the Assembly of Ohio ; in 1603 was Prosecuting Attorney for his County, which office he held until 1614, and during the same period he was also a member of the State Senate. In 1814 he received, from President Madison, unexpectedly, the appointment of Secretary of the Territory of Michigan, and removed to Detroit ; and in 1819 he was elected the first Delegate, from Michigan, to Congress, where he was very active in promoting the interests of his constituents. In 1828 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Michigan Territory, and held the office four years ; in 1835 he was a member of the Convention called to form a State Con stitution ; in 1 637 he was elected to the State Senate of Michigan ; in 1839 he was chosen Governor of the State ; and he was a Senator in Congress, from 1641 to 1847. He was a working member on many im portant committees, and his reports and speeches were numerous : and Daniel Web ster, in a note to his speech in defence of the Ashburton Treaty, attributed to Mr. Woodbridge the first suggestion that was ever made to him for inserting in that treaty a provision for the surrender of fugi tives, under certain circumstances, upon the demand of foreign governments. For many years before his death he lived in retirement at Detroit. Died October 20. 1861. Woodbury, Levi. — Born in Frances- town, New Hampshire, December 22, 1769; he graduated at Dartmouth College in 1609 ; attended the Law School at Litch field ; continued to study law in Boston, Exeter, and Francestown, and entered upon the practice in 1612, in which he was successful. In 1816 he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of New Hamp shire, and in 1819 settled iu Portsmouth. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 421 In 1323 he was elected Governor of New Hampshire ; was Speaker of the State House of Representatives in 1825 ; was a Senator in Congress, from 1325 to 1831 ; was appointed Secretary of the Navy by President Jackson in 1831 ; was trans ferred to the Treasury Department, as Sec retary, in 1834, by President Van Buren, and served until 1841: he was again a Senator iu Congress, from 1841 to 1845, when he was appointed by President Polk a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was also tendered the appointment of Minister to England, but declined it. He received the degree of LL.D. from Dartmouth College* and the Wesleyan University of Connecticut, and was a member of various literary societies. He died at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, September 7, 1851. Woodcock, David. — He was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, and was a member of the New- Y'ork Assembly, from Seneca County, in 1814 and 1815, and from Tompkins County, in 1826 ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1821 to 1823, aud again from 1827 to 1629. Woodruff, George C. — Was born iu Litchfield, Connecticut, December], 1805; graduated at Y'ale College in 1825 ; studied law at the Litchfield School, and came to the bar in 1827 ; he was for fourteen years Postmaster of Litchfield ; was a Clerk and Representative in the State Legislature ; President for years of a bank ; Judge of Probate for several years ; and in 1861 he was elected a Representative, from Con necticut, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Public, Lands. Woodruff, John. — He was bom in Hartford, Connecticut, February 12, 1826; was a member of the Connecticut Legisla ture in 1854 ; in 1855 was elected a Repre sentative, from Connecticut, to the Thirty- fourth Congress ; re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office. Woodruff, Thomas M.— He was a resident of New York City, a furniture dealer by occupation, a member of Con gress from 1845 to 1847, and died some years ago. Woods, Henry. — He w-as a Represent ative in Congiess, from Pennsylvania, from 1790 to 1803. Woods, John. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 to 1817. Woods, John. — He was born in Dau phin County, Pennsylvania, in 1794, and removed with his father to Ohio in his in fancy. He was admitted to the bar in 1819, settled in Hamilton County, and at once took a high stand in his profession. Iu 1824 he was elected to Congress and served two terms. In 1829 he became the editor and publisher of the ' ' Hamilton Intelli gencer," and so continued until 1832, when he returned to his profession, which he successfully practiced until 1845, when he was elected Auditor of the State, which office he held for two terms. While Au ditor he did much to preserve the credit of the State. He died in Hamilton, Ohio, July 30, 1855. Woods, William. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from* 1323 to 1825, and a member of the State Assembly, from Steuben County, in 1828. Woodson, Samuel H. — Born in Jes samine County, Kentucky, October 24, 1815; graduated at Centre College, and became a lawyer by profession. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Missouri, in 1855 ; and a member of the Missouri General Assembly, in 1853 and and 1854 ; and was elected a Representa tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that State, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Indian Affairs. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. Woodson, Samuel H. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1820 to 1823, having been elected the first time for the unexpired term of Henry Clay, and re-elected to the next Congress. Woodward, Joseph A. — He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Woodward, William. — He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1815 to 1817. Woodworth, James H — He was born December 4, 1804, in Greenwich, Wash ington County, New York. He lived on a farm until twenty-one years of age ; re ceived a limited education at the schools in the vicinity, and removed to Fabius, Onon daga County, New York ; taught a village school for a few months, and then engaged in mercantile business. In 1827 he went to Erie County, Pennsylvania, residing 422 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. there four years, and removed to Chicago. Illinois, in 1333. In 1839 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1842 was amem ber of the Lower House. From 1645 to 1850 he was connected with the city govern ment of Chicago, being two years Mayor. He was a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Woodworth, William W. — He was born in Connecticut, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1845 to 1847. Worcester, Samuel T. — Born in Hol- lis, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, August 30, 1604 ; graduated at Cambridge University in 1830 ; for two years he was a Preceptor at the Weymouth Academy, Massachusetts ; he studied law at Cam bridge, and came to the bar in 1834 ; went to Ohio that year, and settled at Norwalk, in the practice of his profession; in 1846 and 1 849 he was elected to the State Senate ; in 1859 was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, which he held until elected . a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Elections, Accounts, and Agri culture. Word, Thomas J. — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1636 to 1839. Worrnan, Ludwig. — He was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania : was a tan ner by occupation ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1820 to 1822. Died in 1622. Wcrtendyke, J. R— Bom at Chestnut Ridge, in the Township'of Harrington, Ber gen County, New Jersey, November 27. 1818 ; graduated at Rutgers College in 1 639 ; and was for several years teacher of the classics and mathematics. He commenced the study of law iu 1649, and was admitted to the bar in 1 852 ; was Alderman of Jerse v City, where he practiced law; and was elected a Representative iu the Thirty-fifth Congress, from New Jersey, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Worthington, H. G— He was born in Cumberland, Maryland, February 9, 1828; received an academical education ; he stud ied law aud came to the bar in 1;51 ; and in that year he removed to California and settled in the practice of his profession in Tuolumne County, where he remained until 1856. He subsequently spent some time in Central America and Mexico, and then \ resumed his profession in California. In 1661 he was elected to the State Legislature I from the city and county of San Francisco. I In 1862 he removed to the Territory of ' Nevada, and settled in Austin; and on the j admission of Nevada as a State ho was j elected the first Representative therefrom, | taking his seat during the second session i of the Thirty-eighth Congress. j Worthington, J. T. H — He was born j in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1631 to 1833, and again from 1637 to 1841. Worthington, Thomas. — He was born in Jefferson County. Virginia, about 1769: emigrated to Ohio, and settled in Ross County in 1798. In 1803 he was a mem ber of" the State Constitutional Convention. He was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 1603 to 1607, and again from 1810 to 1614, when he resigned ; and from 1814 to 1618, he was Governor of Ohio. After his retirement from that office he was appointed a member of the first Board of Canal Com missioners, in which capacity he served until his death, which occurred in 1827. Worthington, Thomas C. — He was born in Prince George County, Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1625 to 1627. Died June 19, 1627. Wright, Augustus R. — Bom at Wrightsborough, Columbia County, Geor gia, June 16, 1813 ; commenced his educa tion at a grammar school; afterwards en tered Franklin College, but left in the latter part of the junior year without graduating. He is a lawyer by profession ; and at the age of twenty-nine, was elected Circuit Judge. He resigned before the expiration of the second term, and was elected a Rep resentative, from Georgia, to the Thirty- fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thir ty-fifth, serving as a member of the Com mittee on the District of Columbia. ^ Wright, Daniel B. — He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1653 to 1657. Wright, Edwin R V. — Bom in Hobo- ken, New Jersey, January 2, 1612; received an academical education ;' adopted the trade of a printer, and as early as 1835 edited and published a newspaper called the Jersey Blue. He studied law and came to the bar in 18:19 ; in 1843 he was elected to the State Senate, and was a leading advocate BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 423 of the present free school system of the State ; in 1 851 he was appointed District Attorney for Hudson County, and held the office for five years; he was also a Major General of Militia for several years, com manding the Second Division of the State ; was the candidate in 1 859 of the Democratic party for the office of Governor, but was defeated by a small majority ; and he was elected a Representative, from New Jersey, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Appropriations, and the Special Committee on the Death of Presi dent Lincoln. Wright, George H. — He was born in Concord, Massachusetts, June 4, 1817 ; spent seven years on a farm ; settled in Boston, as a merchant, in 1822 ; was con nected with the Boston Courier for two years, from 1837, after which he settled in Nantucket, in the whaling business ; went to California in 1849 ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, dur ing the years 1850 aud 1851. Wright, Hendrick B. — Born in Lu zerne County, Pennsylvania, April 24, 1 808 ; graduated at Dickinson College in 1829; studied law, and came to the bar in 1831 ; in 1834 he was appointed Deputy Attorney General for Luzerne County; was elected to the State Legislature in 1841 and 1842; re-elected in 1843, and made Speaker of the House ; he was a member of all the National Democratic Conventions between 1840 and 1860 ; and of that Convention which nominated Mr. Polk for President he was the President. In 1852 he was elected a Representative. from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-third Congress ; and he was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, to fill the vacan cy caused by the death of George W. Scranton, and was a member of the Com mittee on Military Affairs. Wright, John C. — He was born in 1 783 ; attained eminence as a lawyer, and early rose to the Supreme Bench of Ohio. His Law Reports are a part of all good libraries in the Western States. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1829, and was for many years the owner and editor of the Cincinnati Gazette. He took an active part, as Delegate from Ohio, in the Peace Congress of February, 1861, but died in Washington before the ad journment of that body, on the 13th of that month. Wright, John V. — Born in McNairy County, Tennessee, June 28, 1828; was a lawyer by profession ; was elected a Rep resentative to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- fifth Congresses, from his native State ; and was a member of the Committees on Revo lutionary Pensions, and Expenditures in the War Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Wright, Joseph A. — He was born in Pennsylvania, and having settled in In diana, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845 ; was Governor of Indiana from 1849 to 1857 ; and in 1857 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to Prussia. In 1862 he was appointed a Senator in Congress, from Indiana, in place of J. D. Bright, serving one session ; and in 1863 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Commissioner to attend the Hamburg Ex hibition, In 1865 he was appointed, by President Johnson, for the second time Minister to Prussia. Wright, Robert. — He was born in Kent County, Maryland; a Senator in Congress, from Maryland, from 1801 to 1806, when he resigned ; at one time member of the State Executive Council ; was Governor of Maryland from 1806 to 1809; a Represent ative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1810 to 1817 ; re-elected for the term from 1821 to 1823 ; and died September 7, 1826. Wright, Samuel G. — Born in 1787, and at the time of his death, was a member elect of Congress, from New Jersey. Died near Allentown, New Jersey, July 30, 1845. Wright, Silas. — Was born at Amherst, Massachusetts, May 24, 1795. He worked upon his father's farm, in Vermont, in the summer, and attended school in the winter. He prepared for and entered college in August, 1811, and graduated at Middle bury College in 1815. He read law in Washington County, New York, teaching school one or two winters to aid in de fraying his own expenses. In 1819, he settled, in the practice of the law, at Can ton, St. Lawrence County, New York, where he continued his residence until his death. He was soon made a Magistrate and Postmaster of his town, and Surrogate of his county. He early raised a uni formed militia rifle company, of which he was unanimously chosen Captain, from which position he rose to be Colonel of a rifle regiment, and became a Brigadier General of infantry in 1827. He was elected to the State Senate in November, 1823, and served until March 4, 1827, when 424 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. he resigned that office, having been elected to Congress in November, 1626. He took his seat in Congress in December, 1827. He was re-elected in November, 1626. Having been elected State Comptroller, January 27, 1,629, he resigned his seat in Congress before serving out his term. While in Congress, he served as a member of the Committee on Manufactures, and took an active part in the tariff investiga tions and discussions of 1626. He served as Comptroller from the time of his election until he was chosen United States Senator, in the early part of January, 1833, when he immediately took his seat in that body. He was re-elected in Februaiy, 1637, and again in February, 1843, and continued to serve until December, 1644, when he re signed. In November, 1644, he was elected Governor of New- Y'ork, and entered upon his duties, January 1, 1645. In 1647 he retired to private life, devoting himself to the cultivation of his farm, and enjoying the society of his early friends and neigh bors. On August 27, 1647, he died sud denly at his residence in Canton. While in the United States Senate he served most of his time on the Committee on Finance, and introduced the first Sub-Treasury bill, which became a law-. President Tyler of fered him a seat upon the bench of the Supreme Court, which he declined. By other Presidents he was offered seats in their cabinets and missions abroad, all of which he lefused. His last labor for the public was the preparation of an address for the State Agricultural Society, which, having been finished, was read to that body a short time after his death, by his friend, General Dix. He appeared twice in the Supreme Court of the United States to argue cases of high importance, and established in that tribunal a high reputa tion as a lawyer. Wright, Turbett.— He was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1781 to 1782. Wright, William.— Born m Clarks- town, Rockland County, New Y'ork, in 1791 ; removed to Newark, New Jersey, iu 1823; was elected Mayor of that city in the years 1640, 1641, 1842, and 1843; was a Representative in Congress from New- Jersey from 1643 to 1-47; was a candi date for Governor iu 1648, but was de feated; and in 1853 he was elected a Sen ator in Congress for the term ending in 1659, serving as Chairman of the Commit tee on Manufactures and that on the Con tingent Expenses of the Senate. In 1663 he w-as again elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1669, serving on the. Com mittees on Manufactures, Public Lands and Revolutionary Claims. Wurtz, John. — He was born in Morris County, New Jersey ; graduated at Prince ton College in 1 81 3 ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1625 to 1827. Died in Rome, Italy, April 23, 1661. Wynkoop, Henry. — He was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1763, and a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, 'from 1769 to 1791. Wynn, Richard — He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1793 to 1797, and again rrom 1602 to 1613. Wynns, Thomas. — He was born, lived, and died, in Hertford County, North Caro lina. He was a General of militia; a planter by occupation; served a number of years in the House of Commons and Senate ; and was a Representative in Con gress from 1603 to 1607. In 1801 and 1 809 he was a Presidential Elector. Died June 3, 1825. Wythe, George. — Born in Elizabeth City, Virginia, in 1726; was educated chiefly by his mother ; when thirty years of age he commenced the study of law, and soon came to the bar; w-as for a long time a member of the House of Burgesses ; was Chancellor of Virginia; in 1764 he was appointed to prepare a petition against the Stamp Act ; was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress from 1775 to 1777, and signed the Declaration of Independence ; he was also a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, but refused to sign the instrament; hewas the Chairman of a Committee to revise the Laws of Virginia, which he accomplished with credit ; in 1777 he was Speaker of the House of Delegates, and was appointed Judge of the Court of Chancery ; he owned a large number of slaves, to one of whom he taught the Latin and Greek languages, and subsequently manumitted the whole of them ; and the honor was awarded to him of having been the instructor of Thomas Jefferson. Died June 8, 16U6. Yancey, William L. — Born at Ogee- chee Shoals, Georgia, August 10, 1614 ; re ceived a good education in the Northern States ; studied law, and practiced in South Carolina; in 1637 he settled in Alabama, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 425 and edited the Cahawba Democrat and We- tumpka Argus ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1844 to 1847. Before entering Congress he had served in the Alabama Legislature, and since that time has served as a member of various political conventions, first at Balti more in 1848, then at Cincinnati in 1856, and at Charleston in 1860, in which he bore a conspicuous part. In 1856 he was a Presidential Elector. He subsequently visited Europe as an agent of the Southern States during the Great Rebellion of 1861 ; also held several other appointments and positions under the Confederate Govern ment, and died in July, 1863. Yancy, Bartlett. — He was born in Virginia, and educated at the University of North Carolina, where he was, for a time, a tutor. His first appearance in pub lic life was as a member of Congress from North Carolina, in 1813, where he served four years ; he served for many years in the State Legislature, and frequently as Speaker of the House; and his position as a lawyer was unsurpassed. He died in Caswell County, August 30, 1828. Yancy, Joel. — He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1627 to 1831. Yates, Abraham, Jr. — He was a Dele gate from New Y'ork to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788. Yates, John B.— He was born in New Y'ork, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New Y'ork, from 1815 to 1817, and was a member of the Assembly of that State in 1836, from Madison County. Yates, Richard. — He was born in Ken tucky in 1818 ; removed to Illinois ; grad uated at the Illinois College, and was bred to the profession of law. He frequently served in the State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Illi nois, from 1851 to 1855. In 1861 he was elected Governor of Illinois for four years, and participated extensively in the raising of troops for the National Army during the Rebellion; and was elected a Senator in Congress, from Illinois, for the term com mencing in 1865 and ending in 1871, hav ing been placed on the Committees on the District of Columbia, the Pacific Railroad, Territories, and Pensions. Yates, Peter W. — He was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Con gress from 1765 to 1787. Yeaman, George H. — He was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, November 1, 1829; received his early education under many difficulties ; studied law, and came to the bar in his twenty-third year, enter ing upon the practice of his profession at Owensboro, Davies County, Kentucky. In 1854 he was elected Judge of Davies County, and from that time until 1858 de voted his whole attention to the law, acquiring an extensive practice in the Cir cuit Court and Court of Appeals. In 1861 he was elected to the Legislature of Ken tucky, aud in 1862 he was engaged in raising a regiment for the Union service; but when J. S. Jackson resigned he was elected as his successor a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, sening on the Committee on Mili tary Affairs, and was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same Committee. In 1865 he was ap pointed, by President Johnson, Minister Resident to Denmark. Yell, Archibald. — He was born in Tennessee, and, removing to Arkansas, was appointed one of the Judges of the Territory, and elected a Representative in Congress from 1636 to 1839, and was re elected in 1845, serving only until 1846. He was also Governor of Arkansas in 1842 and 1844. He was killed at the battle of Buena Vista, having had command of a regiment of Arkansas mounted volunteers. Yorke, Thomas J. — He was bom in New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He was a candidate for election to the Twenty- sixth Congress, and, although he came with the Broad Seal of his State, he was not admitted. Yost, Jacob S. — He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Young, Augustus.— He was born in Arlington, Vermont, March 20, 1785, and was admitted to the bar in St. Alban's in 1810; he commenced practice at Stowe, and in about eighteen months removed to Craftsbury, which town he represented in the General Assembly during eight ses sions. He was four years State's Attorney for Orleans County, and Judge of Probate in 1830. In 1836 he was chosen State Senator, and was twice re-elected. He was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1841 to 1843, and declined 426 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. a re-election. In 1847 he removed to St. Alban's, and was for several years Judge of Franklin County Court. He subse quently devoted himself to literary and scientific pursuits, and being a learned geologist and mineralogist, was appointed, in 1856, State Naturalist. He died at St. Alban's, June 17, 1857. He was highly popular, possessed great talents, and his scientific books and tracts indicate that he was a great mathematician and a profound reasoner. Young, Bryan R. — He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1347. Young, Ebenezer. — Born in Killingly, Connecticut, in 1784, and graduated at Y'ale College in 1806. In 1823 he was elected to the State Senate, and twice re elected ; he was also two years Speaker of the House ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1835. He died at West Killingly, August 18, 1851. Young, John. — He was born in Chel sea, Orange County, Vermont, in 1802; when quite a boy he moved with his father to Livingston County, New Y'ork, and re ceived a common school education at Co- nesus ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1829; was in the State Legisla ture in 1831, 1844, and 1645; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Y'ork, from 1841 to 1643; Governor of the State from 1,847 to 1849 ; and Assistant Treasurer of the United States, in New Y'ork City, at the time of his death, which occurred April 23, 1852. Young, Richard M — He was a Presi dential Elector in 1829 ; a Senator in Con gress, from Illinois, from 1837 to 1843; aud Clerk of the United States House of Representatives in 1850 and 1851. Young, Timothy R— He Was born in New Hampshire ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1635 ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Illinois, from 1649 to 1651. Young, William S.— He was born in Nelson County, Kentucky ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that .State, from 1825 to 1627. Yulee, David L. — He was born in the West Indies, of Hebrew extraction, in 1811, but when quite young was removed to Virginia, where he received the rudi ments of a classical education. He emi grated to Florida in 1824, and though he studied law, he divided his time betiveen the practice of his profession and the pur suits of agriculture. He was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Florida, from 1841 to 1845, bearing the name of Levy, and as Yulee was a Delegate to the Convention which formed the State Con stitution ; and was elected a Senator in Congress in 1845, where he continued until 1861, officiating as Chairman of the Com mittee on Post Offices and Post Roads. He was also President of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad in Florida. Withdrew from the Senate to take part in the Rebellion of 1861, and at the close of the conflict he was confined in Fort Pulaski as a Prisoner of State. Zollicoffer, Felix K. — Born in Maury County, Tennessee, May 19, 1612, and received an academical education. He sen-ed for a few months in a printing office, and in 1829 took upon himself the management of a newspaper at Paris, Tennessee. In 1834 he was editor and publisher of the "Columbian Observer," in the same State ; in 1835 he was elected State printer, and re-elected in 1837; in 1842 he removed to Nashville, and edited the "Banner;" in 1843 he was elected Comptroller of the State Treasuiy, and w-as re-elected in 1845 and 1847 ; in 1849 was elected to the State Senate ; in 1 850 was a contractor for building the Suspen sion Bridge at Nashville ; in 1851 and 1852 again edited the " Nashville Banner ;" and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, in 1853, where he con tinued until the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving in the same as a mem ber of the Committee on Territories. He subsequently joined the Great Rebellion, and served as a General of Volunteers, and was killed at the battle of Somerset, Kentucky. He was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Zubly, John Joachim. — He was a native of Switzerland ; graduated at Prince ton College in 1770 ; settled in Savannah, Georgia, as a Presbyterian Minister ; was a Doctor of Divinity, and preached in the German, English, and French languages ; and, though elected as a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1775, was dis loyal to the American cause, and denounced on the floor of Congress as a traitor to the American cause. He died in Savannah in 17S1. AP P E I I) II. APPENDIX. SUCCESSIVE SESSIONS OF CONGRESS. STATEMENT Showing the Commencement and Termination of each Session of Congress held under the Present Constitution, with the Number of Days in each. "2 * HO o From — To M PI oUa a, o .a = s a Where held. O m !* K" { 1 March 4, 1789 Sept. 29, 1789 13 210 New- York. 1 ] 2 January 4, 1790 August 12, 1790 14 221 do. ( 3 Dec. 6, 1790 March 3, 1791 15 88 Philadelphia. 2i 1 Oct. 24, 1791 May 8, 1792 16 197 do. 2 Nov. 5, 1792 March 2, 1793 17 119 do. 3 ' 1 Dec. 2, 1793 June 9, 1794 18 190 do. 2 Nov. 3, 1794 March 3, 1795 19 121 do. 4 '¦ 1 Dec. 7, 1795 June 1, 1796 20 177 do. 2 Dec. 5, 1796 March 3, 1797 21 89 do. i 1 May 15, 1797 July 10, 1797 21 57 do. 5 1 2 Nov. 13, 1797 July 16, 1798 22 246 do. I 3 Dec. 3, 1798 March 3, 1799 23 91 do. 6! I Dec. 2, 1799 May 14, 1800 24 164 do. 2 Nov. 17, 1800 March 3, 1801 25 107 Washington. 7 • 1 Dec. 7, 1801 May 3, 1802 26 148 do 2 Dec. 6, 1802 March 8, 1803 27 88 do. - 1 Oct. 17, 1803 March 27, 1804 28 163 do. 2 Nov. 5, 1804 March 3, 1805 29 119 do. 9! 1 Dec. 2, 1805 April 21, 1806 30 141 do. 2 Dec. 1, 1806 March 3, 1807 31 93 do. 10 , 2 Oct. 26, 1807 April 25, 1808 32 182 do. Nov. 7, 1808 March 3, 1809 33 117 do. 1 May 22, 1809 June 28, 1809 33 38 do. 11 < 2 Nov. 27, 1809 May 1, 1810 34 156 do. 3 Dec. 3, 1810 March 3, 1811 35 91 do. 12 2 Nov. 4, 1811 July 6, 1812 36 245 do. Nov. 2, 1812 March 3, 1813 37 122 do. ( . 1 May 24, 1813 August 2, 1813 37 71 do. • 13 < 2 Dec. 6, 1813 April 18, 1814 38 134 do. 3 Sept. 19, 1814 March 3, 1815 39 166 do. 14 2 Dec. 4, 1815 April 30, 1816 4H 148 do. Dec. 2, 1816 March 3, 1817 41 92 do. 15 2 Dec. 1, 1817 April 30, 1818 42 141 do. Nov. 16, 1818 March 3, 1819 43 108 do. 430 AP PEXDIX. Statement of Sucassitc Sessions of Congrtss — Continued. 1 From — ' ¦ i ED I 0-2 Where held. 5 1 .« { , 1 Dec. 6, 1819 ! Mav 15, 1620 44 ' 162 Washington. iU 1 i 2 : Nov. 13, 1620 ! March 3, 1621 45 111 do 17 V 1 1 Dec. 3, 1621 ! May 8, 1822 , 46 157 do. J 2 [ Dec. 2, 1622 ' March 3, 1823 . 47 92 do. 16 ( 1 I Dec. 1, 1323 Mav 27, 1824 ! 48 178 do. 1 2 j Dec. 6, 1624 March 3, 1825 1 49 68 do. m j 1 Dec. 5, 1825 i Mav 22, 1326 i 50 169 do. !i 2 Dec. 4, 1826 , March 3, 1827 | 51 90 do. 20 I 1 Dec. 3, 1827 ! Mav 26, 1823 52 175 do. Dec. 1, 1,626 1 March 3, 1629 53 93 do. 01 1 Dec. 7, 1829 | May 31, 1830 ! 54 176 do. J 2 Dec. 6, 1630 1 March 3, 1831 1 55 63 do. ., 1 Dec. 5, 1831 July 16, 1832 56 j 225 do. .-. 2 Dec. 3, 1832 March 3, 1833 57 91 do. 1 »: ! 1 Dec. 2, 1833 I June 30, 1834 ! 58 211 do. 2 Dec. 1, 1834 March 3, 1835 : 59 93 do. 24 ' : 1 Dec. 7. 1835 j July 4, 1836 | 60 211 ' do. 0 Dec. 5. 1636 j March 3, 1637 61 89 1 do. ( ! i Sept. 4, 1637 October 16, 1637 62 43 ' do. j 25 < •> Dec. 4, 1637 ' July 9, 1838 62 216 do. ^ 1 3 Dec. 3, 1638 March 3, 1839 i 63 j 91 do. ¦V, ^ ! i Dec. 2, 1639 July 21, 1840 64 ! 233 do < o Dec. 7, 1340 ; March 3, 1641 | 65 87 do. ! i May 31, 1641 j Sept. 13, 1641 ' 65 ! 106 do. 27 <^ 0 Dec. 6, 1641 ! August 31, 1642 i 66 '¦ 269 do. ^ 3 Dec. 5, 1642 March 3, 1643 67 i 89 do. ¦>; < 1 Dec. 4, 1-43 June 17, 1844 66 196 do ~" < i ° Dec. 2, 1644 March 3, 1845 69 1 92 do. ,„, ) 1 1 Dec. 1, 1645 j August 10, 1846 70 253 do. j " ; o Dec. 7, 1846 March 3, 1647 71 67 do. 1 30 J 1 Dec. 6. 1647 August 14, 1646 72 254 1 do. 1 ¦ ( , 2 Dec. 4, 1648 March 3, 1849 73 90 | do. 31 J 1 1 Dec. 3, 1849 Sept. 30, 1850 74 302 do. < •j Dec. 2, 1350 March 3, 1651 75 92 j do. •;o S ! 1 Dec. 1, 1651 August 31, 1852 76 275 do. | 1 < 2 Dec. 6. 1652 March 3, 1653 77 66 do. , on \ ! l Dec. 5, 1653 August 7. 1854 78 246 do. '"J 'j. ¦J Dec. 1, 1654 March 3. 1855 79 90 do. ' 1 1 Dec. 3, 1655 August 1-, 1856 60 260 ' do. 34 j 2 August 21, 1656 ; August 3H, 16.56 61 10 | do. < ! 3 Dec. 1, 1856 March 3. 1657 62 93 do. '. .,- 1 1 Dec. 7. 1657 June 1. 1858 82 177 do. | o,. ^ 2 j Dec. 6, 1658 March 3, 1859 83 66 do. !.»{ 1 | Dec. 5, 1.859 June 18, 1660 64 ig6 do. 2 Dec. 3, 1860 March 4, 1661 65 93 ' do. i .- S 1 Julv 4, 1801 August C. 1661 65 34 ! do. | 1 37 - i < 2 Dec. 2, 1861 Julv 17, l8u2 66 226 do. 3 Dec. 1, 1862 March 4, 1663 67 94 \ do. -» < 1 : Dec. 7, 1803 i July 2. 1864 66 209 1 do. i °" < 2 Dec. 5, 1864 March 4, 1365 89 90 ; do. :, J 1 Dec. 4, 1805 July i 28. ]6mG 9U 237 i do. APPEND IX. 431 SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 1st Congress. F. A. Muhlenberg, Pennsylvania. 2d Jonathan Trumbull, Connecticut. 3d F. A. Muhlenberg, Pennsylvania. 4th Jonathan Dayton, New Jersey. 5th S Jonathan Dayton, " \ George Dent, pro tern., Maryland. 6th Theodore Sedgwick, Massachusetts. 7th Nathaniel Macon, North Carolina. 8th Nathaniel Macon, i . 9th Nathaniel Macon, " 10th Joseph B. Vamum, Massachusetts. 11th Joseph B. Varnum, *' 12th Henry Clay, Kentucky. 13th < Henry Clay, 1st session, \ Langdon Cheves, 2d " " South Carolina. 14th Henry Clay, Kentucky. 15th Henry Clay, " 16th $ Henry Clay, 1st session, \ John W. Taylor, 2d " " New York. 17th Philip P. Barbour, Virginia. 13th Henry Clay, Kentucky. 19th John W. Taylor, New York. 20th Andrew Stevenson, Virginia. 21st Andrew Stevenson, " 22d Andrew Stevenson, ( Andrew Stevenson, 1st session, .. 23d 1 John Bell, 2d " Tennessee. ( Hemy Hubbard, pro tern., New Hampshire 24th James K. Polk, Tennessee. 25th James K. Polk, " 26th E. M. T. Hunter, Virginia. 27 th John White, Kentucky. 23th '. Hannibal Hamlin, u 31!. Andrew Johnson, || Tennessee. PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE, PRO TEM. 1st Congress. John Langdon, New Hampshire. 2d ( Eichard Henry Lee, ( John Langdon, Virginia. New Hampshire. 3d < Ealph Izard, ( Henry Tazewell, South Carolina. Virginia. 4th " X Samuel Livermore, 1 William Bingham, New Hampshire. Pennsylvania. f William Bradford, Ehode Island. Jacob Eead, South Carolina. 5th " \ Theodore Sedgwick, Massachusetts. | John Lawrence, New- York. 1. James Eoss, Pennsylvania. f Samuel Livermore, New Hampshire- 6th " j Uriah Tracy, Connecticut. S John E. Howard, ^James Hillhouse, Maryland. Connecticut. 7th " <> Abraham Baldwin, ( Stephen E. Bradley, Georgia, Vermont. i John Browne, Kentucky. 8th li < Jesse Franklin, North Carolina. ( Joseph Anderson, Tennessee. 9th < Samuel Smith, 1 Samuel Smith, Maryland. "" 1 Samuel Smith, " 10th " 1 Stephen E. Bradley, Vermont. ( John Milledge, Georgia. I Andrew Gregg, Pennsylvania. 11th " < John Gaillard, South Carolina. ( John Pope, Kentucky. 12th " ( William H. Crawford, ( Joseph B. Vamum, Georgia. Massachusetts. 13th " John Gaillard, South Carolina. 14th John Gaillard, " 15th " J John Gaillard, " \ James Barbour, Virginia. 16th " { James Barbour, " \ John Gaillard, South Carolina. 17th " John Gaillard, u 18th " John Gaillard, I. 19th " Nathaniel Macon, North Carolina. 20th " $ Nathaniel Macon, (. ( Samuel Smith, Maryland. '' Resigned December 28, lc32. ^ Became President by death of Taylor. | Became President by death of Lincoln. t Became President by death of Harrison. § Died iu office. APPENDIX. 433 21st Congress. Samuel Smith, 22d ( Littleton W. Tazewell, ) Hugh L. White. 23d { George Poindexter, \ John Tyler, 24th " William E. King, 25th William E. King, 26th • William E. King, 27 th " < Samuel L. Southard, \ Willie P. Mangum, 28th " Willie P. Mangum, 29th " David E. Atchison, 30th " David E. Atchison, 31st William E. King, 32d William E. King, 33d David E. Atchison, 34 th " Jesse D. Bright, 35th " Benjamin. Fitzpatrick, 36th " S Jesse D. Bright, \ Solomon Foot, 37 th Solomon Foot, 38th " < Solomon Foot, \ Daniel Clark, 39th " La Fayette S. Foster, Maryland. Virginia.Tennessee. Mississippi.Virginia. Alabama. New Jersey. North Carolina. Missouri. Alabama.Missouri. Indiana. Alabama. Indiana. Vermont. New Hampshire. Connecticut. SECRETARIES OF THE SENATE. Samuel Allyne Otis [ Massachusetts - . Charles Cutts < New Hampshire Walter Lowrie ; Pennsylvania. .. Asbury Dickens : North Carolina. John W. Forney Pennsylvania, . . Time of appoint ment. 8 April, 1789 11 Oct., 1814 12 Dec, 1825 12 Dec, 1836 15 July, 1861 Expiration of ser vice. 18 April, 1814 12 Dec, 1825 5 Dec, 1836 15 July, 1861 CLERKS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, States. John Beckley Jonathan Williams Condy . . John Holt Oswald John Beckley Patrick Magruder Thomas Dougherty Matthew St. Clair Clarke . . . Walter S. Franklin Hugh A. Garland Matthew St. Clair Clarke . . . Caleb J. McNulty Benjamin B. French Thomas Jefferson Campbell . Eichard M. Young John W. Forney , William Cullom James C. Allen John W. Forney Emerson Etheridge. Virginia Pennsylvania . Pennsylvania . Virginia Maryland , Kentucky Pennsylvania .. Pennsylvania .. Virginia Pennsylvania .. Ohio New Hampshire Tennessee Illinois Pennsylvania .. Tennessee Illinois Pennsylvania .. Tennessee Time of appoint ment. Edward McPherson Pennsylvania 28 1 April 1789 15 May, 9 Dec, 1797 1800 7 Dec, 1801 26 Oct., 1807 30 Jan., 1815 3 Dec, 1822 2 Dec, 1833 3 Dec, 1838 31 May, 6 Dec, 18411843 18 Jan., 1845 7 Dec, 1847 17 April, 1 Dec, 18501851 4 Feb., 1856 6 Dec, 1857 3 Feb., 1860 4 July, 8 Dec, 18611863 Expiration of ser vice. 15 May, 9 Dec, 7 Dec, 26 Oct., 28 Jan., 3 Dec, 2 Dec, 20 Sep., 31 May, 6 Dec. , 18 Jan., 7 Dec, 13 April, 1 Dec, 4 Feb., 6 Dec, 3 Feb., 4 July, 8 Dec, 1797 180018011807 1815 1822 1833 1838 18411843 1845 18471850 18511856 1857 1860 1861 1853 434 A P P E X D I X CHAPLAINS TO CONGRESS. Showing the names of clergymen who have served as Chaplains to the Senate since 17311 ; also, the churches to which they belonged, in the order of their appointment. The initials opposite the name signify. B. for Baptist, C. for Congregationalist, D. for Dutch Reformed, E. for Episcopalian, L. for Lutheran, M. for Methodist, P. for Presbyterian, E. C. for Roman Catholic, U. for Universalist, Un. for Unitarian. Names. Church. Et. Eev. Bishop Samuel Provost.. E. Rev. Et. Rev. Bishop White E. Rev. Rt. Rev. Bishop Clagett E. Eev. Rev. Dr. E. Gantt E. Rev. Rev. A. T. MeCormick E. Rev. Rev. Dr. Gantt E. Rev. Rev. John J. Savers E. Rev. Rev. Dr. Gantt .' E. Rev. Rev. A. T. MeCormick E. Rev. Rev. E.Elliott P. Rev. Eev. M. Wilrner E. Eev. Eev. O. B. Brown B. Rev. Rev. Walter Addison E. Rev. Rev. J. Breckenridge P. Rev. Rev. Jesse Lee M. Rev. Rev. J. Glendy P. Eev. Rev. J. Glendy P. Eev. Rev. S. E. Dwight C. Rev. Rev. William Hawley E. Rev. Rev. John Clark...." P. Eev. Rev. B. Allison B. Rev. Rev. William Ryland M. Eev. Names. Churc C. P. Mcllvaine E. W. Staughton B. C. P. Mcllvaine E. W. Staughton B. W. Rvlaud M. H. V.'D. Johns E. J. P. Durbin M. C. C. Pise ll.C. T. W. Hatch E. E. Y. Higby E. Henry Slicer M. G. G. Cookman M. S. Tustin P. Henry Slicer M. CM. Butler E. Henry Slicer M. Henry C. Dean 11. StephenP.Hill B. R. E. Gurley P. Le Eoy Sunderland P. Dr. Thomas Bowman. M. Dr. E. H. Grav B. Names. Church. Shoioing the names of clergymen icho have served as Chaplains to the House of Repre sentatives since 1789. Names. Churc Eev. William Lynu, DD P. Eev. Samuel Blair P. Eev. Ashbel Green P. Rev. Thomas Lyell M. Rev. W. Parkinson B. Rev. W. Bentley C. Rev. W. Parkinson B. Rev. James Laurie p. Rev. J. Glendy p Rev. R.Elliott- p! Rev. 0. B. Brown B. Rev. Jesse Lee M. Rev. N. Sneathen JI. Rev. Jesse Lee JI Rev. 0. B. Brown B. Rev. 3. H. Cone B. Rev. B. Allison B. Rev. J. N. Campbell p. Rev. Jared Sparks ttd Rev. J. Breckenridge r. Rev. H. B, Bascom M. Rev.Rev. Rev.Rev. Eev.Eev. Rev.Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev.Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev. Rev.Rev.Rev. Reuben Post P. E. E. Gurley P. Reuben Post P. W. Hammett M. T. H. Stockton M. E.D.Smith P. T. H. Stockton M. O. C. Comstock B. S. Tustin P. L. E. Reese M. Joshua Bates C. T. W. Braxton B. J. W. French E. J. N. Maffit M. J. S. Tiffany E. J. S. Tinsley B. W. M. Daily M. W. H. Milburn M. W. S. S. Sprole P. E. R. Gurley V. L. F. Morgan M. APPENDIX. 435 Names. Church. Name s. Church. Rev. James Gallagher P. Rev. T. H. Stockton M. Rev. W. H. Milburn M. Rev W. H. Clianninp; U. Rev. Daniel Waldo C. Rev. Charles B. Boynton, DD-.. C. Rev. Daniel Waldo C. Note. — The Thirty-fifth Congress discontinued the usage of electing- Chaplains, and extended an invitation to the Clergy of the District of Columbia to alternate in opening the daily sessions by prayer, and iu preaching on the Sabbath ; which they continued to do until the Thirty -sixth Congress, but the Thirty -seventh Congress returned to the old practice. SUCCESSIVE ADMINISTRATIONS. FIRST ADMINISTRATION— 1789 to 1797.— Eight Years. President— George WASHINGTON, Virginia. Vice-President — JOHN Adams, Massachusetts. Secretaries of State* — Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, appointed September 26, 1739 ; Edmund Randolph, of Virginia, January 2, 1794 ; Timothy Pickering, of Massachu setts, December 10, 1795. Secretaries of the Treasury — Alexander Hamilton, of New York, September 11, 1789 ; Oliver Wolcott, of Connecticut, February 3, 1795. Secretaries of War and of the Nuvyi — Henry Knox, of Massachusetts, September 12, 1789; Timothy Pickering, of Massachusetts, January 2, 1794; James McHenry, of Maryland, January 27, 1796. Postmasters GeneralX — Samuel Osgood, of Massachusetts, September 26, 1789; Tim othy Pickering, of Massachusetts, November 7, 1791 ; Joseph Habersham, of Georgia, February 25, 1795. Attorneys General — Edmund Randolph, of Virginia, September 26, 1789, made Secre tary of State, January 2, 1794 ; William Bradford, of Pennsylvania, January 28, 1794 ; died. Charles Lee, of Virginia, December 10, 1795. SECOND ADMINISTRATION— 1797 to 1801.— Four Years. President — John Adams, Massachusetts. Vice-President — Thomas Jefferson, Virginia. Secretaries of State — Timothy Pickering, continued in office ; John Marshall, of Vir ginia, May 13, 1800. Secretaries of the Treasury — Oliver Wolcott, continued in office ; S. Dexter, of Massa chusetts, December 31, 1800. Secretaries of War — James McHenry, continued in office ; S. Dexter, of Masssaehu- setts, May 13, 1800; Roger Griswold, of Connecticut, February 3, 1801. Secretaries of the Navy — George Cabot, of Massachusetts, May 3, 1798, declined ; Ben- iamin Stoddert, of Maryland, May 21, 1798. Postmaster General — Joseph Habersham, continued. Attorney General — Charles Lee, continued. THIRD ADMINISTRATION— 1801 to 1809.— Eight Years. President — Thomas Jefferson, Virginia. Vice-Presidents — Aaron Burr, New York ; George Clinton, New York. Secretary of State — James Madison, of Virginia, March 5, 1801. Secretaries of the Treasury — S. Dexter, continued in office; Albert Gallatin, of Penn sylvania, January 26, 1802. Secretary of War — Henry Dearborn, of Massachusetts, March 4, 1801. * The Department of State was created by the Act of September 15, 1789, previously to which, by Act of July 27, 1789, it was denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs. t The "War Department, as created by Act of Congress of August 7, 1789, had also the superintendence of Naval Affairs. A separation took place in April, 1798, when a Navy Department was established. X From the organization of the Government down to the year 1829 the PostmaBters Genernl were not recognized as members of the Cabinet, but are herein printed as such for the sake of uniformity. 43G APPENDIX. Secretaries of the Navy — Benjamin Stoddert. continued in office ; Robert Smith, of Maryland, January 26, 1802; Jacob Crowninshield, of Massachusetts, March 2, 1805. Postmasters General — Joseph Habersham, continued in office; Gideon Granger, of Connecticut, January 26, 1802. Attorneys General — Theophilus Parsons, of Massachusetts, February 20, 1801, de clined; Levi Lincoln, of Massachusetts, March 5, 1801; resigned in 1805. Robert Smith, of Maryland, March 2, 1805; John Breckenridge, of Kentucky, December 25, 1805; Cfesar A. Rodney, of Pennsylvania, January 20, 1807. FOURTH ADMINISTRATION— 1809 to 1817.— Eight Years. President — James Madison, Virginia. Vice-Presidents— George Clintox, New York ; Elbridge Gerry, Massachusetts. Secretaries of State — Robert Smith, of Maryland, March 6, 1809 ; James Monroe, of Virginia, November 25, 1811. Secretaries of the Treasury — Albert Gallatin, continued in office ; George AY. Camp bell, of Tennessee, February 9, 1814 ; Alexander J. Dallas, of Pennsylvania, October 6, 1814. Secretaries of War — William Eustis, of Massachusetts, March 7, 1809; John Arm strong, of New York, January 19, 1813; James Monroe, of Virginia, September 26, 1814 ; William H. Crawford, of Georgia, March 2, 1815. Secretaries of the Navy — Paul Hamilton, of South Carolina, March 7, 1809 ; William Jones, of Pennsylvania, January 12, 1813; Benjamin W. Crowninshield, of Massachu setts, December 17, 1814. Postmasters General — Gideon Granger, continued in office ; R. J. Meigs, of Ohio, March 17, 1814. Attorneys General — Cresar A. Rodney, continued in office ; William Pinkney, of Maryland, December 11, 1811; Richard Rush, February 10, 1814. FIFTH ADMINISTRATION— 1817 to 1825— Eight Years. President — James Monroe, Virginia. Vice-President — Daniel D. Tompkins, New York. Secretary of State — John Q. Adams, of Massachusetts, March 3, 1817. Secretary of the Treasury — William H. Crawford, of Georgia, March 5, 1817. Secretaries of War — Isaac Shelby, of Kentucky, March 5, 1817, declined the appoint ment ; John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, December 16, 1817. Secretaries of the Navy — Benjamin W. Crowninshield, continued in office ; Smith Thompson, of New York, November 30, 1818; Samuel L. Southard, of New Jersey, December 9, 1823. Postmasters General — Return J. Meigs, continued in office ; John McLean, of Ohio, December 9, 1823. Attorney General — William Wirt, of Virginia, December 15, 1817. SIXTH ADMINISTRATION— 182.") to 1829. -Four Years. President— John Quixt'V Adams, Massachusetts. Vice-President — John C. Calhoun, South Carolina. Secretary of Slate— Henry Clay, of Kentucky, March 8, 1825. Secretary of the Treasury— Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania. March 7, 1325. Secretaries of (far— James Barbour, of Virginia, March 7, 1825: Peter B. Porter, of New York, May 26, 1828. Secretary of the Xavy— Samuel L. Southard, continued in office. Postmaster General— John McLean, continued in office. Attorney General — William Wirt, continued in office. SEVENTH ADMINISTRATION-1829 to 1837.— Eight Years. President — Andrew Jackson, Tennessee. Vice-Presidents— John C. Calhoi'N, South Carolina ; Martin Van Buren. New York. APPENDIX. 437 Secretaries of State — Martin Van Buren, of New York, March 6, 1829 ; Edward Livingston, of Louisiana, 1831 ; Loui3 McLane, of Delaware, 1833 ; John Forsyth, of Georgia, 1834. Secretaries of the Treasury — Samuel D. Ingham, of Pennsylvania, March 6, 1829; Louis McLane, of Delaware, 1831 ; William J. Duane, of Pennsylvania, 1833; Roger B. Taney, of Maryland, 1833, (not confirmed by the Senate;) Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire, 1834. Secretaries of War — John H. Eaton, of Tennessee, March 9, 1829; Lewis Cass, of Ohio, 1831. Secretaries of the Navy — John Branch, of North Carolina, March 9, 1829 ; Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire, 1831 ; Mahlon Dickerson, of New Jersey, 1834. Postmasters General — William T. Barry,* of Kentucky, March 9, 1829; Amos Ken dall, of Kentucky, 1835. Attorneys General — John M. Berrien, of Georgia, March 9, 1829 : Roger B. Taney, of Maryland, December 27, 1831 ; Benjamin F. Butler, of New York, June 24, 1834. Eighth administration— 1837 to isii.-four years. President — Martin Van Buren, New York. Vice-President— Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky. Secretary of State — John Forsyth, June 27, 1834. Secretary of the Treasury — Levi Woodbury, June 27, 1834. Secretary of War — Joel R. Poinsett, March 7, 1837. Secretaries of the Navy— Mahlon Dickerson, June 30, 1834; James K. Paulding, June 30, 1838. Postmasters General — Amos Kendall, May 1, 1835; John M. Niles, May 25, 1840. Attorneys General — Felix Grundy, of Tennessee, September 1, 1838; Henry D. Gil pin, of Pennsylvania, January 10, 1840. NINTH ADMINISTRATION— 1341 to 1845— Four Yeaes. President— General William Henry Harrison, Ohio. Died April 4, 1841. Vice-President — John Tyler, Virginia. President— John Tyler, Virginia, (from April 4, 1841.) Secretaries of State — Daniel Webster, March 5, 1841 ; Hugh S. Legare, May 9, 1843, died June 20, 1843; Abel P. Upshur, June 24, 1843, died February 28, 1844; John Nelson, acting, February 29, 1844 ; John C. Calhoun, March 6, 1844. Secretaries of the Treasury — Thomas Ewing, March 5, 1841 ; Walter Forward, Sep tember 13, 1841 ; George M. Bibb, June 15, 1844. Secretaries of War — John Bell, March 5, 1841; John C. Spencer, October 12, 1841, transferred to Treasury Department ; James M. Porter, March 8, 1843, rejected by the Senate; William Wilkins, February 15, 1844. Secretaries of the Navy — George E. Badger, March 5, 1841 ; Abel P. Upshur, Sep tember 13, 1841, transferred to Department of State; David Henshaw, July 24, 1843, rejected by the Senate ; Thomas W. Gilmer, February 15, 1844, died February 28, 1344 ; John Y. Mason, March 14, 1844. Postmasters General — Francis Granger, March 6, 1841 ; Charles A. Wickliffe, Sep tember 13, 1841. Attorneys General — John J. Crittenden, of Kentucky, March 5, 1841 ; Hugh S. Legard, of South Carolina, September 13, 1841, died; John Nelson, of Maryland, January 2, 1844. TENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1845 to 1849.— Four Years. President — James Knox Polk, Tennessee. Vice-President — George M. Dallas, Pennsylvania. Secretary of State — James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, March 5, 1845. * Before the accession of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency, the Postmaster General was looked upon as the head of a bureau, but President Jackson invited Mr. Barry to a seat in his Cabinet meetings, since wliich time the head of the Post Office Department has been considered a regular member of tho ¦Cabinet. 438 APPENDIX. Secretary of the Treasury — Robert J. Walker, of Mississippi, March 5, 1845. Secretary of War— William L. Marcy, of New York, March 5, 1845. Secretary of the Navy — George Bancroft, of Massachusetts, March, 1845; John Y. Mason, of Virginia, in 1346. Postmaster General — Cave Johnson, of Tennessee, March 5, 1845. Attorneys General — John Y. Mason, of Virginia, March 5, 1845 ; Nathan Clifford, of Maine, December 23, 1846; Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut, June 21, 1848. ELEVENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1849 to 1853.— Four Years. President — Zachary Taylor, Louisiana. Died July 9, 1850. Vice-President — Millard Fillmore, New York. President — Millard Fillmore, New York. Succeeded Zachary Taylor, on his death, July 9, 1850. Secretaries of State — John M. Clayton, of Delaware, March 7, 1849; Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts, July 20, 1850, died October 24, 1852; Edward Everett, of Massa chusetts, November, 1852. Secretaries of the Treasury — William M. Meredith, of Pennsylvania, March 7, 1849 ; Thomas Corwin, of Ohio, July 20, 1850. Secretaries of War — George W. Crawford, of Georgia, March 7, 1849 ; Charles II. Conrad, of Louisiana, August 15, 1850. Secretaries of the Nary — William B. Preston, of Virginia, March 7, 1849; William A. Graham, of North Carolina, July 20, 1850; John P. Kennedy, of Maryland, in 1352. Secretaries of the Interior. — Thomas Ewing, of Ohio, March 7, 1849 ; Alexander H. H. Stuart, of Virginia, September 12, 1850. Postmasters General — Jacob Collamer, of Vermont, March 7, 1849 ; Nathan K. Hall. of New York, July 20, 1850; Samuel D. Hubbard, of Connecticut, 1852. Attorneys General — Reverdy Johnsou, of Maryland, March 7, 1849; John J. Crit tenden, of Kentucky, July 20, 1850. TWELFTH ADMINISTRATION— 1853 to 1857.— Four Years. President — Franklin Pierce, Now Hampshire. Vice-President — William R. King, Alabama. Died April 18, 1853. Secretary of State — William L. Marcy, of New York, March 7, 1853. Secretary of the Treasury — James Guthrie, of Kentucky, March 7, 1353. Secretary of liar— Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, March 7, 1853. Secretary of the Nary— James C. Dobbin, of North Carolina, March 7, 1853. Secretary of the Interior — Robert McClelland, of Michigan, March 7, 1853. Postmaster General — James Campbell, of Pennsylvania, March 7, 1853. Attorney General— Oaleb Cushing, of Massachusetts, March 7, 1853. THIRTEENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1857 to 1-61.— Four Years. P res ident— James Buchanan, Pennsylvania. Vice-President— Jons C. Breckinridge, Kentucky. Secretaries of State -Lewis Cass, of Michigan, March, 1857 ; Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania, December, 1860. Secretaries of the Treasury— Howell Cobb, of Georgia, March, 1357; Philip F. 1 nomas, of Maryland, December, 1860; John A. Dix, of New York, January, 1861. Secretaries of Ifar— John B. Floyd, of Virginia, March, 1857; Joseph Holt, of Ken tucky, December, 1860. r Secretary of the Navy— Laac Toucey, of Connecticut, March, 1857. Secretary of the Interior— Jacob Thompson, of Mississippi, March ]>'57 Postmasters General— Aaron V. Brown, of Tennessee, March, 1857, died; Joseph Hoit, of Kentucky, March, 1859; Horatio King, of Maine, February 12, 1861. Attorneys General— Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania, March, 1857: Edwin M. Stanton, of Ohio, December, 1860. APPENDIX. 439 FOURTEENTH ADMINISTRATION— 1861 to 1809.— Eegjit Years. President — Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois. Died April 15, 1865. Vice-Presidents — Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine; Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, March 4, 1865. President — Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, succeeded Abraham Lincoln, on his death, April 15, 1865. Secretary of State — William H. Seward, of New York, March, 1861. Secretaries of the Treasury— Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, March, 1861 ; William P. Fessenden, of Maine, September, 1864 ; Hugh McCulloch, of Indiana, March, 1365. Secretaries of Wai — Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania, March, 1861 ; Edwin M. Stanton, of Ohio, January, 1862. Secretary of the Navy — Gideon Welles, of Connecticut, March, 1861. Secretaries of the Interior — Caleb B. Smith, of Indiana, March, 1861, resigned De cember, 1862; John P. Usher, of Indiana, January, 1863; James Harlan, of Iowa, May, 1865 ; O. H. Browning, of Illinois, appointed in July, 1866. Postmasters General — Montgomery Blair, of Maryland, March, 1861; William Den- nison, of Ohio, October, 1864; Alexander W. Randall, of Wisconsin, July, 1866. Attorneys General — Edward Bates, of Missouri, March, 1361 ; James Speed, of Kentucky, December, 1864 ; H. F. Stanbery, of Kentucky, July, 1866. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. The election of the President and of the Vice-President, by Colleges of Electors, chosen in each State, was first proposed in the Convention for the formation of the Constitution, by James Wilson, a delegate from Pennsylvania. It was adopted after a prolonged discussion, and was regulated by an Act of Congress, of March I, 1792. The Electors must be chosen within thirty-four days preceding the first Wednesday of December of the year in which an election of President and Vice-President fakes place. They must be equal in number to all the Senators and Representatives in Congress, but no Senator or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States can be appointed an Elector. The Electors were at first chosen in four different modes, viz. : by joint ballot of the State Legislature, by a concurrent vote of the two branches of the State Legislature, by the people of the State, voting by general ticket, and by the people, voting in districts. This latter mode was evidently that which gave the fairest expression to public opinion, by approaching nearest to a direct vote. But those States which adopted it were placed at the disadvantage of being exposed to a division of their strength, and neutralization of their vote ; while the Electors chosen by either of the other methods voted in a body on one side or the other, thus making the voice of the State decisively felt. This consideration induced the leading States of Massachu setts and Virginia, wliich originally adopted the district system, to abandon it in 1800. An Act of Congress was approved January 23, 1845, to establish a uniform time for holding elections for Electors in all the States of the Union, whereby they are appointed in each Stale on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in the month of November of the year in which they are to be appointed. Each State may also by law provide for the filling of any vacancy or vacancies which may occur in its College of Electors, when such College meets to give its electoral vote ; and when any State shall have held an election for the purpose of choosing Electors, and shall fail to make a choice on the day aforesaid, then the Electors may be appointed on a subsequent day, in such manner as the State shall by law provide. The Electors meet at the capitals of their respective States, on the first Wednesday of December, and vote by distinct ballots for President and Vice-President, one of whom shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. They make lists of the number of votes given, and of the persons voted for, which they transmit sealed, by a special messenger, to the President of the Senate at Washington. The Senate and House of Representatives, having met in convention on a day fixed, Ihe President of the Senate opens all the certificates, and the votes are counted. The 440 APPENDIX. person having the greatest number of votes for President is duly elected, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed. If no person have such a majority, then from the persons having the highest number, not exceeding three, in the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, and by ballot, the President. If the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice devolves upon them, before the 4th of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. Should the offices of President and Vice-President both become vacant, it then becomes the duty of the Secretary of State to communicate, information thereof to the Executive of each State, and to cause the same to be published in at least one news paper in every State, giving two months' previous notice that Electors of President shall be chosen or appointed in the several States, within thirty-four days next pre ceding the first Wednesday in December ensuing, when the choice of President must proceed as usual. FIRST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. George Washington was unanimously elected President, receiving 69 votes. John Adams was elected Vice-President, receiving 34 votes ; while John Jay had 9 votes, Robert H. Harrison 6, John Rutledge 6, John Hancock 4, George Clinton 3, Samuel Huntington 2, James Armstrong 1, Edward Telfair 1, and Benjamin Lincoln 1. The Electors were : New Hampshire. Benjamin Bellows, 1 . John Pickering, Caleb Davis, 1. Samuel Phillips, Jr., 2. Walter Spooner, 3. Francis Dana, Samuel Huntington. 1. Oliver Wolcott, '3 2. Thaddeus Burr, 4 David Brearley, 1. James Kinsey, 2. John Rutherford, Edward Hand, 1. George Gibson, 2. James O'Harra, 3. John Amdt, 2. John Parker, Massachusetts 4. Moses Gill, 5. Samuel Henshaw. 6. William Cushing, Connecticut. Richard Law, Ebenezer Thompson. 3. John Sullivan. David Sewall. 7. William Sever, 8. William Shepard. Jedediah Huntington New Jersey. John Neilson, Pennsylvania Erastus Wolcott. 5. Matthew Griswold. David Moore. 4. Matthias Ogden. 4. David Grier, 5. Collinson Read, 6. Samuel Potts. James Wilson. 7. Lawrence Keene, 8. Alexander Graydon. Gunning Bedford, 1. John Baning. John Rogers. 1 . George Plater,' 2. Robert Smith, Patrick Henry, 1 . John Pride, 2. Edward Stevens, 3. Zachariah Johnston, Delaware. Maryland George Mitchell. Philip Thomas. 3. William Tilghman, 5. Alexander C. Hanson, 4. William Richardson, 6. William Matthews. Virginia. 4. Anthony Walke. 5. James Wood, 6. David Stuart, W. Tikhugh. 7. John Harvie. :-. John Roane. APPENDIX. 441 South Carolina. Christopher Gadsden, Edward Rutledge. 1. Henry Laurens, 3. Charles C. Pinckney, 5. JohnF. Grimke. 2. Arthur Simkins, 4. Thomas Heyward, Jr., Georgia. George Handley, John Wilson. 1 . George Walton, 2. H. Osborne, 3. John King. SECOND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1793. George Washington was again unanimously elected President, receiving 132 votes. John Adams was elected Vice-President, receiving 77 votes ; while George Clinton had 50 votes, Thomas Jefferson 4, and Aaron Burr 1. The Electors were : Josiah Bartlett, 1. John T. Gilman, 2. John Pickering, Azor Orne, 1 . Samuel Holten, 2. Ebenezer Mattson, Jr. , 3. Thomas Dawes, 4. William Sever, 5. Increase Sumner, Arthur Fenner, 1. George Champlin, New Hampshire. Benjamin Bellows. 3. Jonathan Freeman, 4. Ebenezer Thompson. Samuel Huntington, Massachusetts. 6. Walter Spooner, 7. Moses Gill, 8. Solomon Freeman, 9. William Shepard, 10. Nathaniel Wells, Rhode Island. 2. William Greene. Connecticut. Francis Dana. 11. Thompson J. Skinner, 12. Daniel Cony, 13. Dwight Foster, 14. Peleg Wadsworth. Samuel J. Potter. 4. Elijah Hubbard, 5. Thomas Seymour, Vermont. 2. Paul Brigham. New York. 5. William Floyd, 6. Volkert Veeder, 7. Abraham Ten Eyck, New Jersey-. Thomas H. Sanderson, 1. Richard Stockton, 3. Joseph Bloomfield, I. Oliver Wolcott, 2. Thomas Grosvenor, 3. David Austin, Samuel Hitchcock, 1. Lot Hall, Jesse Woodhull, 1. Edward Savage, 2. Samuel Clark, 3. Johannes Bruyn, 4 . Abraham Yates, Jr. , John Davenport, Jr. 6. Sylvester Gilbert, 7. Martin Wait. Lemuel Chipman. David Van Ness. 8. Stephen Ward, 9. John Bay, 10. Samuel Osgood. 2. John W. Vancleve, William Henry, 1 . Joseph Heister, 2. Thomas Bull, 3. Thomas McKean, 4. Cornelius Coxe, 5. Henry Miller, James Sykes, 1. William Hill Wells. 4. Samuel Dick, Pennsylvania. 6. Robert Johnston, 7. John Wilkins, Jr., 8. John Boyd, 9. David Stewart, Delaware. Aaron D. Woodruff. 5. Franklin Davenport Robert Coleman. 10. James Morris, 1 1 . George Latimer, 12. Robert Hare, 13. Hugh Lloyd. Gunning Bedford. 442 A P P END IX. Mary-land. Alexander C. Hanson, J. Jehn E. Howard, 4. William Smith,* 2. Levin Winder, 5. Richard Potts, 3. Thomas Lee, 6. Samuel Hughes,* John Seney. 7. William Richardson, 8. Donaldson Yates. Virginia. John AVise, George Carrington. 1. Nathaniel Wilkinson, 8. Stephen T. Mason, 14. John Bowyer, 2, John Early, 9. John Roane, Jr., 15. Thomas Claiborne, a William O. Callis, 1(1. Moses Hunter, 1 6. Maxwell Armstrong, 4. Catesby Jones, 11. James Murdough, 17. Jtihn Pride, 5. Elias Langham, 12. Archibald Stuart, 18. Claiborne Watkins, 6. Daniel C. Brent, 13. Michael Bailey, 19. Tarlton Woodson. 7. John Dawson, North Carolina. Stephen Cahames John L. Taylor. 1. Alfred Moore, 5. Benjamin Smith, 8. Peter Dange, 2. John Mocon, 0. John M. Binford, 9. James Taylor, 3^ Joel Sane, 7. Matthew Lock, in. William Porter. 4. R. D. Spaight, South Carolina. Charles C. Pinck nev, John Chestnut. ]. Andrew Pickens, "3. John Barnwell, 5. Robert Anderson, ., John Hunter, 4. Edward Rutledge. 6. John Julius Pringle. Georgia. Benjamin Taliaferro, William Gibbons. 1. John King, 2. Seaborn Jones. Kentucky. R. C. Anderson, Charles Scott. 1 . Benjamin Logan, 2. Notify Conn. THIRD PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1797. John Adams was elected President, receiving the entire vote of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey ; and Del aware, with 10 scattering votes from other States, making 71 of the 140 votes cast. Thomas Jefferson was elected Vice-President, having the next highest number of votes, 63; while Thomas Pinkney had 58, Aaron Burr 39, Samuel Adams 15, Oliver Ellsworth 11, George Clinton 7, John Jay 5, James Iredell 3, Samuel Johnston 2, George Washington 2, John Henry 2, Charles C. Pincknev 1. The Electors were: John T. Gilman, Oliver Peabody, Ebenezer Thompson, Elijah Dewey. Elisha Sheldon, William Sever, i. Samuel Holton, 2. Edward H. Robbins, 3. Elbridge Gerry, 4. Ebenezer Mattoon, 5. Samuel Phillips, New Hampshire. 3. Benjamin Bellows, Vermont. 2. Oliver Gallup. Massachusetts. 6. Increase Sumner, 7. Thomas Dawes, 8. David Rosseter, 9. Nathaniel Wells, 10. Ebenezer Hunt, Timothy Farrar. 4. Timothy Walker. John Bridgmau. Stephen Longfellow. 11. Elisha May, 12. Joseph Allen, 13. Thomas Rice, 14. Ebenezer Bacon. ' Xor pi-p«?nt. APPENDIX. 445 Arthur Fenner, 1. George Champlin, Oliver Wolcott, ] . Jeremiah Wadsworth, _2. Heman Swift, 3. Elizur Goodrich, Lewis Morris 1. Richard Thorne, 2. Peter Cantine, Jr., 3. A. Ten Broeck, 4. Abijah Hammond, John Neilson, 1 . Aaron Ogdeu, 2. John Blackwood, Rhode Island. 2. William Greene. Connecticut. 4. William Hart. 5. Elias Perkins, New York. 5. A. Van Vechten, 6. William Root, 7. Peter Smith, New Jersey. 3. Jonathan Rhea, 4. William Colefax, Samuel J. Potter. Jonathan Trumbull. 6. Jesse Root, 7. Jonathan Sturges. R. Van Rensselaer. 8. St. John Honeywood, 9. Charles Newkirk, 10. Johannes Miller. Caleb Newbold. 5. Elisha Lawrence. Thomas McKean, 1. James Boyd, 2. Joseph Heister, 3. William Brown, 4. John Piper, 5. John Whitehill, Thomas Robinson, 1. Richard Bassett. John R. Plater, 1. Francis Deakins, 2. John Gilpin, 3. George Murdock, Pennsylvania. 6. William Irvine, 7. Peter Muhlenberg, 8. Robert Coleman, 9. Abraham Smith, Delaware. Maryland. 4. John Roberts, 5. John Lynn, 6. John Eccleston, John Smilie. 10. Samuel Miles, 11. Jacob Morgan, 12. William Maclay, 13. James Hanna. Isaac Cooper. John Archer. 7. Gabriel Duvall, 8. John Done. William Nimmo, 1 . Nathaniel Wilkinson, 2. David Saunders, 3. John Taylor, 4. Catesby Jones, 5. Wilson C. Nicolas, 6. D. Carroll Brent, 7. William Madison, James Martin, 1 . Gabriel Raysdale, 2. John Gray Blout, 3. John Hamilton, 4. William Edmunds, Edward Rutledge, 3. Andrew Pickens, 2. William Thomas, Virginia. 8. Levin Powell, 9. Benjamin Temple, 10. Moses Hunter, 11. Josiah Riddick, 12. Archibald Stuart, 13. John Mason, North Carolina. 5. James Bradley, 6. John Hamilton, 7. William Martin, South Carolina. 3. John Chesnut, 4. John Mathews, William Terry. 14. John Bowyer, 15. Robert Walker, 16. John Brown, 17. George Markham, 18. Robert Crockett, 19. Peter Johnson. Richard D. Spaight. 8. Evan Alexander, 9. Anthony Brown, 1 0. Sterling Harwell . Arthur Simkins. 5. Thomas Taylor, 6. John Rutledsre, Jr. 444 APPENDIX. Georgia. James Jackson, Charles Abercrombie. 1. Edward Telfair, 2. WillianrBarnett. Kentucky*. Stephen Ormsby, 1 . Isaac Shelby, 2. John Coburn. Caleb Wallace. Daniel Smith, 1. Joseph Greer. Tennessee. Hugh Neilson. FOURTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1801. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr having each received 73 of the 128 electoral votes cast, the choice devolved upon the House of Representatives. The 73 votes com prised all from the States of New York, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, South Caro lina, and Georgia, with 8 from Pennsylvania, 5 from Maryland, and 8 from North Carolina. John Adams had 65 votes, Charles C. Pinckney 64, and John Jay 1. The Electors were : Oliver Peabody, 1. John Prentice, 2. Timothy Farrar, New Hampshire. Benjamin Bellows. 3. Ebenezer Thompson. 4. Arthur Livermore. Vermont. Elijah Dewey, Roswell Hopkins. 1 . Jonathan Hunt, 2. William Chamberlain. Samuel Philips, 1. E. H. Robbins, 2. Samuel Sewall, 3. David Rosseter, 4. Theophilus Bradbury, 5. Ebenezer Hunt, Massachusetts. 6. John Hooker, 7. Walter Spooner, 8. Joseph Allen. 9. William Sever, 10. S. S. Wilde, Rhode Island. Francis Dana. 11. William Baylies, 12. Lemuel Weeks, 13. Thomas Dawes, 14. Andrew P. Fernald. George Champlin, Oliver Davis. I. Edward Manton, 2. William Greene. Jonathan Trumbull, 1 . John Treadwell, 4. 2. Tapping Reeve, 5. 3. Jesse Root, Isaac Ledyard, ! . Anthony Lispenard, 5. 2. Robert Ellis, 6. 3. P. Van Cortlandt, Jr., 7. 4. John Woodworth, Isaac Smith, 1. Thomas Sinnickson, 3. 2. M. Williamson, Jr., 4. Connecticut. Jonathan Ingersoll. Matthew Griswold, 6. J. O. Moseley, Jonathan Sturges, 7. Stephen M. Mitchell. New York. James Burt, J. Van Rensselaer, Gilbert Livingston New Jersey. Richard Stockton, William Griffith, Peter Van Ness. 8. Jacob Eaker, 9. Thomas Jenkins. 10. William Flovd. Samuel S. Smith 5. Joshua L. Howe! APPENf-DIX. 445 Frederick Kuhn, 1 . James Armstrong, 2. John Kean, ¦ 3. George Ege, 4. Jonas Hartzell, 5. John Hubley, Kensey Johns, 1 . Samuel White. Edmund Plowden, 1 . George Murdock, 2. John Gilpin, 3. Martin Kershner, Pennsylvania. 6. Gabriel Heister, 7. William Hall, 8. Presly Carr Lane, 9. Samuel W. Fisher, Delaware. Samuel Wetherill. 10. N. B. Boileau, 11. James Crawford, Sr. 12. Isaac Van Horn, 13. Robert Whitehill. Nathaniel Mitchell. Maryland. Francis Deakins. 4. Peny Spencer, 7. Nicholas B. Moore, 5. Gabriel Duvall, 8. Littleton Dennis. 6. William M. Robertson, George Wythe, 1. William Newsum, 2. Richard Brent, 3. William H. Cabell, 4. William Ellzey, 5. James Madison, Jr., 6. John Brown, 7. John Page, William Tate, 3. Joseph Winston, 2. William Martin, 3. Absalom Tatom, 4. Bryan Whitfield, John Hunter, 1. Paul Hamilton, 2. Andrew Love, John Morrison, 1. Dennis Smelt, John Cobum, 1. John Pope, Virginia. 8. John Preston, 9. Thomas Newton, 10. Hugh Holmes, 1 1 . Joseph Jones, 12. Archibald Stuart, 13. William B. Giles, North Carolina. 5. Spruce Macay, 6. Nathan Mayo, 7. Joseph Taylor, South Carolina. 3. Robert Anderson, 4. Joseph Blyth, Georgia. 2. David Blackshear. Kentucky'. 2. Isaac Shelby. Tennessee.- Walter Jones. 14. John Shore, 15. Creed Taylor, 16. John Bowyer, 37. Thomas Reade, Sr. 18. Daniel Coleman, 19. George Penn. Thomas Brown. 3. Thomas Wynns, 9. Gideon Alston, 10. John Hamilton. Arthur Simkins. 5. Theodore Gaillard, 6. Wade Hampton. Henry Graybill. Charles Scott. Daniel Smith, Robert Love. 1. John Locke. The House of Representatives, on which devolved the choice between Jefferson and Burr, voted to commence balloting on Wednesday, the eleventh day of February, to attend to no other business while the election was pending, and not to adjourn until a choice was effected. Seats were provided upon the floor for the President and the Senators, but during the act of balloting the galleries were cleared of spectators, and the doors were closed. Upon the first ballot New York, New Jersey, Penusylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee, (8,) voted for Thomas Jefferson ; New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, and South Carolina, (6,) voted for Aaron Burr; and the votes of Vermont and Maryland (the representatives of which were 'divided) were given blank. The balloting was con tinued, and the House remained in session, nominally without adjournment, for seven days, during which one hundred and four members were present. Some of them were so infirm or indisposed that it was necessary to provide beds for them, and one member, who was quite ill, was attended by his wife. On the thirty-sixth ballot, which was 446 A i-*lj> E N D i: taken on the afternoon of the seventeenth, the votes of Delaware and South Carolina were given blank, while those of Vermont and Maryland were given to Mr. Jefferson, and elected him. The Vice-Presidency, of course, devolved tipon Mr. Burr. FIFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1805. Thomas Jefferson was re-elected President, receiving 162 of the 176 votes cast. This comprised the entire electoral vote of all the States, except Connecticut, Delaware, and Maryland ; the two first of which threw their full vote for Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and the last gave 'nine votes for Mr. Jefferson and two for Mr. Pinckney. George Clinton was elected Vice-President by the same majority and vote, Rufns King receiving fourteen vote?. The Electors were : John Goddard, 1. Levi Bartlet, 3. 2. George Aldrich, 4. New Hampshire. Timothy Walker, Jonathan Steele, Robert Alcock. 5. William Tarlton. Josiah Wright, 1 . Samuel Shaw, 2. William Hunter, James Sullivan. 1 . Elbridge Gerry, 2. John Whiting, 3. James Bowdoin, 4. John Bacon, •". John Hathome, 6. William Heath, Vermont. 3 Ezra Butl er, Nathaniel Niles. 4. John Noves. Massachusetts. 7. Thomas Kitteridge, 8. John Woodman, •9. James Winthrop, 10. Charles Turner, 11. Edward Upham, 12. Thomas Fillebrown, Timothy Newell. 13. James Warren, 14. John Farley. 15. John Davis, 16. Jonathan Smith, 17. Josiah Deane. Constant Taber. 1 . James Aldrich, Rhode Island. James Helme. 2. Benjamin Remington. Jonathan Trumbnil, 1 . John Treadwell, 4. 2. David Smith, 5. 3. Oliver Ellsworth, Sylvester Benin o-. 1. James Fairlie, 7. 2. Thomas Brooks, 8. 3. Cornelius Bergen, 9. 4. Matthias B. Hildreth, 10. 5. John Herring, ] 1 . 6. William Flovd, 12 Connecticut. Asher Miller, David Daggett, New York. Lewis B. Sturges. 6. Sylvester Gilbert, 7. Joshua Huntinsrton. Ezra Thompson Jonas Earl, John Wood, Joseph Ellicott, Conrad I. Elmendorff, Henry Quackinboss, John Cramer. 13. Stephen Miller, 14. Adam Comstock. 15. Albert Pawling, 16. Abraham Bancker, 17. Isaac Sargent. Solomon Freligh, 1. Alexander Carmichael, 2. Moore Furman, Charles Thompson, J. William Montgomery, 7. 2. John Bowman, 8. 3, Matthew Lawler, 9. 4. William Brown, Hi, 5. Robert McMullen, 11. 6. George Smith, 12. New Jersey. Phineas Manning-, Jacob Hufty, Pennsylvania. William Brooke, Jacob Hostetter, Thomas Long, Jacob Bonnctt, Francis Swaine, James Montgomerv. Thomas Newbold. 5. William Rossell, 6. Abijah Smith. Casper Shaffner, Jr. 13. Henry Spering, 14. John Minor, 15. James Boyd, 16. John Hamilton, 37. Peter Frailey, 18. Nathaniel Irish APPENDIX. 447 Maxwell Bines, 1. George Kennard. John Pamham, 1. Joseph Wilkinson, 2. John Gilpin, 3. John Johnson, Delaware. Maryland. 4. William Gleaves, 5. Edward Johnson, 6. Perry Spencer, Thomas Fisher. Tobias E. Stansbury. 7. John Tyler, 8. Ephraim K. Wilson, 9. Frisby Tilghman. Virginia. i. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Richard Evers Le John Goodrich, Thomas Read, Edward Pegram, Creed Taylor, WilUam H. Cabell, John Taliaferro, Jr., George Penn, Richard Brent, e, 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. George Wythe, Hugh Holmes, John Taylor, James Dailey, Larkin Smith, James Allen, John Minor, North Carolina Richard Field. 16. Archibald Stuart, 17. William Ellzey, 18. James McFarlane, 19. William Dudley, 20. John Preston, 21. Mann Page, 2!. William McKinley. 1. o.3.' 4. Felix Walker, Peter Forney, Lemuel Sawyer, Joseph Williams, James Jones, 5.6. 7. 8. Montford Stokes, Reading Blount, Solomon Graves, Bryan Whitfield, South Carolina Robert Coclnan. 9. Joseph Taylor, 10. Samuel Ashe, Sr., 11. Joseph Johu Alston. 12. Gideon Alston. 1. 2. '_>•J. John Blake, John Gaillard, Arthur Simkins, Thomas Taylor, 4. 5. li. William Hill, Joseph Blythe, James Miles, Georgia. Samuel Warren. 7. Joseph Calhoun, 8. John Taylor. 1. 2. Edward Telfair, David Emanuel, John Rutherford, 3. Henry Graybill, Kentucky. James B. Maxwell. 4. David Cresswell. 1. 2. Charles Scott, John Coburn, Ninian Edwards, 3. 4. . Hubbard Taylor, Joseph Lewis, Tennessee. Isaac Shelby. 5. William Irvine, 6. William Roberts. David Deaderich, 1. Richard Mitchell, 2. George Ridley, William Gofortb, 1 . Nathaniel Massie. Ohio. William Martin. 3. Robert Houston. James Pritchard. SIXTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1809. James Madison was elected President, having received the entire electoral vote of Vermont, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Ohio, and 13 of the 19 votes of New York, 9 of the 11 of Maryland, and 11 of the 14 of North Carolina ; in all 122 of the 175 votes cast ; George Clinton received 6 votes of New York, and the balance (47) were given to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. George Clinton was elected Vice-President, receiving 113 votes, while Rufus King had 47, James Madison 3, and James Monroe 3. The Electors were: 448 A P P END IX. Jeremiah Smith, 1 . Oliver Peabody, 2. Benjamin West, Israel Smith, 1. Jonas Galusha, 2. James Tarbox, New Hampshire. Timothy Farrar. 3. Samuel Hale, 5. Robert Wallace. 4. Jonathan Franklin. Vermont. 3. John White, Samuel Shepardson. 4. William Cahoon. Caleb Strong, 1. Francis Dana, 2. Ebenezer Warren, 3. John Brooks, 4. Samuel Tobey, 5. Moses Brown, 0. Joshua Thomas, Massachusetts. 7. William Bartlett, 8. Lemuel Williams, 9. Ebenezer Bridge, 10. Andrew Fernald, 11. Benjamin Heywood, 12. Samuel Freeman, Daniel Dewey. 13. Josiah Stearns, 14. Samuel S. Wilde, 15. John Hooker, 16. Jeremiah Bailey, 17. John Barrett. Rhode Island. Thomas P. Ives, James Rhodes. 1. C. Fowler, 2. Thomas Noyes. Connecticut. Jonathan Trumbull, John Cotton Smith. 3. John Treadwell, 4. Jesse Root, 6. Frederick Wolcott, 2. Stephen T. Hosmer, 5. Roger Griswold, 7. Samuel W. Johnson. 3. David Daggett, Ambrose Spencer, 1 . Hemy Huntington, 2. Benjamin Mooers, 3. John W. Seaman, 4. Adam B. Vroman, 5. Henry Rutgers, li. Thomas Shanklaud, James Mott. 3. James Morgan, 2. Thomas Hendry, Charles Thomson, 1 . Thomas Leiper, 2. James Cowden, 3. Michael Leib, 4. William Wilson, 5. Joseph Engle, 6. Robert Griffen, James Booth, 1. Nicholas Ridgely. John R. Plater, 3. Robert Bowie, 2. Thomas W. Veazey, li. Edward Johnson. New York. 7. John Garretson, 8. William Hallock, 9. Ebenezer White, 10. Russel Atwater, 13. Thomas Lawrence, 32. Joseph Simonds New Jersey. 3. Amos Harrison, -!. George Burgin, Pennsylvania. 7. William Rodman, t. Jacob Hostetter, 9. Archibald Darrab, 30. David Fullerton, 31. Jacob Weygandt, 12. Peter Kenimell, Delaware. Henry Yates, Jr. 13. James Tallmage, 34. Hugh Jamison, 35. Jonathan Rouse, 36. Matthew Carpenter, 37. Micajah Petit. Benjamin Egbert. 5. David Welsh, (i. Abijah Smith. Adamson Tannehill. 13. Joseph Lefevre, 14. Joseph Huston, 15. Gabriel Heister, Jr., 16. William Montgomery, 17. George Hartman, 13. John McDowell. Daniel Eodnev. Maryland. Tubias E. Stansburv. 4. Richard Tilghnian, 7. John Tvler^ 5. John Johnson, 8. Hemy James Carroll, 4. Earl Perry Spencer. 9. Nathaniel Rochester. APPENDIX. 449 Joseph Goodwin, Sr., 1. Edward Pegram, Sr., 9. 2. Robert Nelson, 10. 3. Richard Field, 11. 4. Mann Page, 12. 5. Thomas Read, 13. 6. Richard Barnes, 14. 7. Joseph Eggleston, 15. 8. John T. Brooks, Virginia. Hugh Nelson, Hugh Holmes, George Penn, Osborn Sprigg, Philip N. Nicholas. James Allen, Spencer Roane, Benjamin Harrison. 16. Archibold Stuart, 17. John Roane, 18. Andrew Russell, 19. Robert Taylor, 20. John Preston. 21. Gustavus B. Horner, 22. William McKinley. Francis Locke, 1. Thomas Wynns, 2. Kemp Plummer, 3. Samuel Ashe, Sr. , 4. Joseph Taylor, Joseph Gist, 1. John Wilson, 2. Langdon Cheves, 3. John McMonies, John Rutherford, 3 . John Twiggs, 2. Christopher Clark, Samuel Hopkins, 3 . William Logan, 2. Robert Trimble, James Robertson, 1. William Martin, Nathaniel Massie. 1. Stephen Wood. North Carolina. Robert Cleveland. 5. Murdock McKenzie, 9. John Winslow, 6. Peter Forney, 10. Joseph Riddick, 7. Robert Love, 13. William Gaston, 8. James Rainey, 12. Henry I. Toole. South Carolina. 4. Paul Hamilton, 5. William Strother, 6. Samuel Mays, Joseph Bellinger. 7. William Zimmerman, 8. William Rouse. Georgia. 3. Henry Graybill, Kentucky. 3. Matthew Walton, 4. Hubbard Taylor, Tennessee. 2. James Sevier, Ohio. David Meriwether. 4. James E. Houston. Charles Scott. 5. Robert Ewing, 6. Christopher Greenup. Joseph Greer. 3. Baldwin Hale. Thomas McC'une. SEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1813. James Madison was re-elected President, having received the entire electoral vote of Vermont, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, and Louisiana, and six of the eleven votes of Maryland — in all 128 of the 217 votes cast; the balance (89) were given for De Witt Clinton, of New York. Elbridge Gerry was elected Vice-President, receiving 131 votes; while Jared Ingersoll had 86. The electors were : John Goddard, 1. Oliver Peabody, 2. Benjamin West, Nathaniel Niles, 1. Noah Chittenden, 2. William A. Griswold, 29 New Hampshire. 3. Samuel Hale, 4. Caleb Ellis, Vermont. 3. William Slade, 4. Elihu Luce, Timothy Farrar. 5. Nathan Taylor, 6. Jonathan Franklin. Josiah Wright. 5. John H. Andrus. 6. Mark Richards, 450 APPENDIX. William Heath, 1. Harrison G. Otis, 2. Joshua Thomas, 3. Nathan Dane, 4. David Scudder, 5. Jeremiah Nelson, 6. Lathrop Lewis, 7. Abraham Bigelow, Massachusetts. John W. Hurlburt. Nathaniel Goodwin, 15. Eleazer James, 9. John Walker, 10. Samuel Parris, 11. George Bliss, 12. Abiel Wood, 13. Benjamin Heywood, 34. Lemuel Paine. 16. James McLellan, 17. E. Williams, 18. William Crosby, 19. Isaac Maltbv, 20. Israel Thorndike. Rhode Island. Christopher Fowler, William Rhodes. 1. Samuel G. Arnold, 2. Ephraim Bowen, Nathaniel Terry, 1. Theodore Dwight, 2. James Gould, 3. David Daggett, Connecticut. Daniel Putnam. 4. Stephen T. Hosmer, 6. Jonathan Barnes, 5. Calvin Goddard, 7. S. B. Sherwood. New York. Joseph C. Yates, 1. Simeon De Witt, 2. Robert Jenkins, 3. Archibald Mclntyre, 4. M. S. Van Dercook, 5. John C. Hodgeboom, 6. George Palmer, Jr., 7. G. S." Mumford, 8. James Hill, 9. J. Delamontagnie, 10. William Kirby, 19. 11. P. Van Cortlandt, 20. 32. Henry Frey, 21. 13. John Chandler, 22. 14. Thomas H. Hubbard, 23. 15. Henry Huntington, 24. Hi. John Russell, 25. 17. John Wood worth, 26. 18. James S. Kipp, • >- David Van Ness. 39. David Boyd, Jotham Jayne, Cornelius Bergen, Jonathan Stanley, Jr. Joseph Perine, William Burnet, Chauncey Belknap, George Rosecrantz, John Dill. New Jersey. Matthew Whilden, William Griffith. 1 . William B. Ewing, 3. Franklin Davenport, 5. Jacob Losey, 2. Elias Conover, 4. Andrew Howell, 6. William McGill. Walter Franklin, 1. Daniel Mitchell, 2. David Fullerton, 3. Paul Cox, 4. Samuel Smyth, 5. Isaac Worrell, 6. Robert Smith, 7. Michael Baker, 8. Nathaniel Mickler, Pexnsynvania. 9. Joseph Engle, 10. Chas. Shoemaker, Jr 33. James Fulton, 12. James Mitchell, 13. Isaiah Davis, 14. John Murray, 15. John Whitehill, 16. Clement Paine, Hugh Glasgow. 17. Edward Crouch, 18. Joseph Reed, 39. Henry Allshouse, 20. 21. Alexander Dysart, James Stephenson. David Mead, Abia Minor. Delaware. James L. Clayton, James Sykes 1. Benjamin Blakiston, 2. Thomas Fisher. Maryland. Henrv H. Chapman, 3. Edward H. Calvert, 4. Thomas Worrell, 2. Thomas W. Veazey. 5. John Stephen, 3. Edward Johnson, 6. Edward Llovd, Tobias E. Stansbury. 7. Henry Williams, 8. Littleton Dennis, 9. Daniel Kenteh. APPEND IX. 451 Virginia. 1. 2. 3.4.5.6.7. 8. ¦ Richard Henry Lee, Benjamin Harrison, 9. Bobert Nelson, 10. Edward Pegram, 11. Mann Page, 12. Richard Field, 13. Walter Jones, 14. Thomas Read, 15. John T. Brooke, 16. Gustavus B. Horner. Matthew Cheatham, 17. W. G. Poindexter, Hugh Holmes, 18. Andrew Russell, William Armistead, 19. Spencer Roane, Daniel Morgan, 20. Charles Taylor, Charles Yancey, 21. Sthreshly Rennolds, Archibald Rutherford, 22. W. McKinley, George Penn, 23. Robert Taylor. Archibald Stuart, North Carolina 3. 2. 3.4. 5. William H. Murfr Redar Ballard, James Rainey, James Bright, Francis Locke, Thomas D. King, ee, 6. 7. 8. 9. Montford Stokes, James W. Clarke, Joseph Uniston, H. G. Burton, South Carolina, James Mebane. 10. Jonathan Hampton, 13. Thomas Davis, 32. Henry Massey, 33. Kemp Plummer. 1. 2. 3! James Campbell, John Johnson, John McCreary, Andrew Pickens, 4. 5.6. William Smith, William Caldwell, William Alston, Georgia. Reuben Starke. 7. Samuel Johnson, 8. Richard Singleton, 9. Sampson Butler. 1. 2. Daniel Stewart, Henry Graybill, Oliver Porter, 3.4. Charles Hams, Henry Mitchell, Kentucky. John Twiggs.5. John Rutherford, 6. John Howard. 3. 2. 3]4. Robert Ewing, William Casey, Robert Mosby, Samuel Murrell, Hubbard Taylor, 5. 6.7. Samuel Caldwell, Duval Payne, Richard Taylor, Tennessee. William Irvine. 8. Walker Baylor, 9. William Logan, 10. T. D. Owings. E. K. Dulany, 1. Henry Bradford, 2. Thomas Washington, John Jones, 1. Matthias Corwin, 2. D. Abbott (not p-.esent), Julien Poydras, 1 , Philemon Thomas. 3. James Trimble, 4. David McEwen, Ohio. 3. David Purviance 4. Thomas Ijams, Louisiana. William Trigg. 5. James McCampbell, 6. Thomas Johnson. James Pritchard. 5. James Dunlap, 6. John Hamm. Stephen A. Hopkins. EIGHTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1817. James Monroe was elected President, having received the entire electoral vote of every State except Massachusetts, Connecticut and Delaware — in all 183 of the 217 votes cast ; the remaining 34 being given for Rufus King. Daniel D. Tompkins was elected Vice-President, receiving 183 votes ; while John E. Howard had 22 votes, James Ross 5, John Marshall 4, and Robert G. Harper 3. The electors were: 452 APPENDIX. Thomas Mannicg 1. Benjamin Butler, 2. Jacob Tuttle, J. Robinson, 1. Apollos Austin, 2. Asaph Fletcher, Christopher Gore, 1. Prentiss Mellen, 2. Jonas Kendall, 3. Israel Tbomdike, 4. E. H. Robbins, 5. Benj. Pickman, Jr., 6. John Low, 7. David A. White, James Fenner, 1. Thomas Pitman, Jonathan Ingersoll, 1. Nathaniel Terry, 2. Elisha Sterling, 3. Seth P. Staples, New Hampshire. 3. William Badger, 4. Thomas C. Drew, Vermont. 3. Robert Holly, 4. John H. Cotton, Massachusetts. 8. S. Longfellow, Jr., 9. Joseph Locke, 10. William Abbot, 13. Thomas Dwight, 32. Timothy Boutelle, 13. Peter Bryant, 14. Luther Carey, Rhode Island. 2. Dutee Arnold. Connecticut. 4. Elijah Hubbard, 5. Jirah Isham, Richard H. Ayer. 5. Amos Cogswell, 6. Dan Young. James Roberts. 5. William Brayton. 6. Isaiah Fisk. Bezabeel Taft. 35. Daniel Howard, 16. William Phillips, 17. Wendell Davis, 18. Josiah Stebbins, 39. Seth Washburn, 20. Thomas H. Perkins Edward Wilcox. William Perkins. 6. Asa Willey, 7. S. W. Johnson. Henry Rutgers, 3. Lemuel Chipman, 2. Artemus Aldrich, 3. John W. Seaman, 4. Henry Becker, 5. Jacob Drake, 6. Aaron Searing, 7. James Farlie, 8. Israel W. Clark, 9. Augustus Wright, New York. 10. Daniel Root, 11. P. S. Van Orden, 12. Montgomerv Huut, 33. J. W Van Wyck, 34. Nicholl Fosdick, 15. J. D. Monell, 16. E.Edmonds, 17. John Blake, Jr., 18. George Petit, Alexander McNish. 19. Jacob Wertz, 20. Richard Townley, 21. Gabriel North, 22. Samuel Lawrence, 23. Charles E. Dudley, 24. Nathaniel Rochester, 25. Benjamin Smith, 26. AYorthy L. Churchel, 27. Samuel Lewis. Lewis Moore, 1. Aaron Kitchell, 2. Daniel Garrison, Paul Cox, 1. David Mitchell, 2. James Wilson, 3. John Geyer, 4. Gabriel Hcister. 5. Daniel Bussier, 6. James Meloy, 7. John Conrad, 8. James Banks, New Jersey. Charles Ogden. 3. David Welsh, 5. John Crowell, 4. William Rossell, Pennsylvania. 6. Robert McNeeley. M. Fackenthai. 9. William Brooke, 17. John Harrison, 30. Robert Clark, 18. Joseph Huston, 11. Isaac Anderson, 19. Jacob Hostotter, 12. Abiel Fellows, 20. Samuel Scott, 33. Matthew Roberts, 21. John Rea, 34. David Mmcband. 22. James Alexander 15. John Mohler, 23. William Gilliland 16. Thomas Patterson, Delaware. Thomas Robinson, Andrew Barratt. 1. Isaac Tunnell, 2. Nicholas Ridgely. APPENDIX. 453 William D. Beall, 1. Joseph Kent, 2. William C. Miller, 3. Edward Johnson, Maryland. 4. Benjamin Massy, 5. John Stephen, 6. Thomas Ennalls, George Warner. 7. John Buchanan, 8. Littleton Dennin, 9. Lawrence Brengle. George Newton, 3. Charles H. Graves, 2. Hugh Holmes, 3. John Pegram, 4. Archibald Rutherford, 5. John Purnall, 6. Archibald Stuart, 7. Joseph C. Cabell, 8. Andrew Russell, Virginia. 9. Charles Yancey, 10. Charles Taylor, 11. Spencer Roane, 32. Robert B. Starke, 13. Sthreshly Reynold: 14. William Archer, 35. Robert Taylor, 16. Benjamin Cook, John T. Brooke. 17. Isaac Foster, 18. William Brokenbrough, 19. Brazure W. Pryor, 20. Daniel Morgan, , 21. William Jones, 22. John Edie, 23. William Lee Ball. Robert Love, 1. Jesse Franklin, 2. John Hall, 3. Peter Forney, 4. Thomas Wynns, 5. Francis Locke, William Garrett, 1. Philemon Bradford, 2. Thomas Evans, 3. William McKeralls, North Carolina. 6. Joseph Riddick, 7. Abraham Phillips, 8. James Hoskins, 9. Alexander Gray. South Carolina. Nathaniel Jones. 10. Vine Allen, 11. Joseph Pukett, 32. Thomas D. King, 33. Thomas Ruffin. 4. Thomas Lee, 5. FrederickNanee, 6. John L. Wilson, James Duff. 7. John Thomas, 8. Joseph Reid, 9. Richard B. Screven. David Adams, 1. John Mcintosh, 2. John Clark, Georgia. 3. Jared Irwin, 4. John Rutherford, Charles Harris. 5. Henry Mitchell, 6. David Meriwether. Duvall Payne, 3. Hubbard Taylor, 2. William Logan, 3. Robert Trimble, 4. Alexander Adair, Alfred M. Carter, 1. Joseph Hamilton, 2. M. McClanohan, Kentucky. 5. Thomas Bodley, 6. Samuel Caldwell, 7. Willis A. Lee, Tennessee. David Campbell, Samuel Buchanan, Richard Taylor. 8. Samuel Murrell, 9. William Irvine, 30. Robert Ewing. Robert Allen. 5. Adam Huntsman, 6. James Baxter. John G. Young, 1. Aaron Wheeler, 2. Othniel Looker, Jesse L. Holman, 1 . Joseph Bartholomew. Ohio. 3. John Patterson, 4. Benjamin Haugh, Indiana. Abraham Shepherd. 5. William Skinner, 6. James Curry. Thomas H. Blake. Garrigues Flanjac, 1. John R. Grimes. Louisiana. Squire Lea. 454 A P P END IX. NINTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1823. James Monroe was re-elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of every State (228) except New Hampshire, of which one vote was thrown for John Quincy Adams. Daniel D. Tompkins was elected Vice-President, receiving 235 votes ; while Richard Stockton had 8 votes, Daniel Rodney 4, Robert G. Harper 3, and Richard Rush 1 . The Electors were : William Plumer, 3. David Barker, 2. Nathaniel Shannon, James Galusha, 1. Gilbert Denison, 2. Daniel A. A. Buck, John Adams, 3. William Phillips, 2. Thomas H. Blood, 3. William Gray, 4. Jonas Sibley, 5. Daniel Webster, James Fenner, 1. Dutee J. Pearce, New Hampshire. 3. William Fisk, 4. Ezra Bartlett, John Pendexter. 5. Samuel Dinsmoor, 6. James Smith. Vermont. Pliny Smith, Ezra Butler, William Slade, Jr., 5. Aaron Leland, 6. Timothy Stanley. Massachusetts. Seth Sprague. 6. Ezra Starkweather, 10. John Davis, 7. B. W. Crowninshield, 11. Samuel Dana, 8. Wendell Davis, 12. Joseph Woodbridge, 9. John Heard, 13. Ebenezer Mattoon. Rhode Island. 2. Dutee Arnold. Robert F. Noyes. Henry Seymour, 3. Samuel Welles, 2. William Cogswell, 3. William Moseley, William Floyd, 1. Hemy Rutgers, 2. John Walworth, 3. Abel Huntington, 4. Daniel McDougall, 5. Edward Severich, 6. Seth Wetrnore, 7. Isaac Lawrence, 8. Latham A. Burrows, 9. John Tanjee, Connecticut. Isaiah Loomis. 4. John Alsop, 6. S. W. Crawford, 5. Ebenezer Brockway, 7. Samuel H. Phillips. New York. John Baker. Ferrand Stranahan, 19. David Hammond, 30,11. Jacob Odell, 3 2. Hemy Wager, 33. Peter Waring, 34. Elisha Harnham, 15. Edward P. Livingston 36. Jonathan Collins, 37. Peter Millikin, 18. Samuel Nelson, 20. William B. Rochester, 21. Mark Spencer, 22. Charles Thompson, 23. Benjamin Knower, 24. Philetas Swift, 25. Gilbert Eddy, 26. James Brisban, 27. Howell Gardner. David Mills, 1. John Wilson, 2. Joseph Budd, New Jersey. 3. John Crowell, 4. Isaiah Shinn, Samuel L. Southard. 5, Aaron Vausyckel, 6. John L. Smith. Thomas Leiper, 1. Paul Cox, 2. William Clingan, 3. Daniel Groves, 4. George Barnitz, 5. Chandler Price, 6. James Griffen, 7. Pierce Crosby, 8. JohnMiley, Pennsylvania. 9. Andrew Gilkerson, 10. George Plumer, 11. John Hamilton, 12. George Hebb, 33. James Kerr, 34. Andrew Sutton, 35. William Mitchell, 16. Joseph Huston, James P. Sanderson. 37. D. W. Dingman, 38. Hugh Davis, 19. Gabriel Heister, 20. Patrick Farrelly, 21. John Todd, 22. Melchis Rahm, ceased, ) 23. Philip Benner. (Je- APPENDIX. 455 Delaware. Peter Robinson, 1. John Clark, James Forrest, 3. Robert W. Bowie, 2. John Forward, 3. John Stephen, William C. Holt, 1. Charles H. Graves, 2. Robert Shields, 3. John Pegram, 4. William Jones, 5. R. B. Stark, 6. John Taliaferro, 7. John Pumall, 8. John T. Brook,- Robert Love, 1. Jesse Franklin, 2. John Hall, 3. Michael McLeary, 4. George Outlaw, 5. Francis Locke, Nicholas Ridgely. 2. Andrew Barratt. Maryland. Elias Brown. 4. William R. Stuart, 7. William Gabby, 5. A. McKim, 8. Joshua Prideaux, 6. John Boon, 9. Michael C. Sprigg. Virginia. 9. B. T. Arthur, 30. Hugh Holmes, 11. William C. Rives, 12. W. Armstrong, Jr., 13. Charles Yancey, 14. Archibald Rutherford, 15. Joseph Martin, 36. Archibald Stuart, Thomas Brown. 17. W. Breckenbrough, 38. Andrew Russell, 19. Armistead Hoomes, 20. Samuel Blackburn, 21. James Hunter, 22. John Edie, 23. Robert Taylor. North Carolina. 6. C. E. Johnson, 7. Abraham Philips, 8. Lewis D. Wilson, 9. Alexander Gray, South Carolina. Kinborough Jones. 10. H. J. G. Ruffin, 13. B. H. Covington, 12. Thomas Kenan, 13. James Mebane. Benjamin James, Benjamin Rynalds. 3. L. M. Ayer, 4. John Dunovant, 7. Benjamin Dickson, 2. Isaac Smith, 5. Matthew J. Kirth, 8. William A. Ball, 3. John S. Glascock, Oliver Porter, 6. Rasha Cannon, Georgia. 9. Charles Miller. John Graves, 1. Henry Mitchell, 3. John Mcintosh, 5. David Meriwether, 2. John Rutherford, Samuel Murrel, 4. John Foster, Kentucky. 6. Benj amiu Whitaker, Martin D. Hardin. 3. E. M. Ewing, ¦ 5. John E. King, 8. Thomas Bodley, 2. Willis A. Lee, 6. Jesse Bledsoe, 9. Richard Taylor, 3. S. Caldwell, 7. John Pope, 10. Hubbard Taylor. 4. James Johnson, A. M. Carter, Tennessee. John Dickson. 3. J. Hamilton, Sr., 3. David Campbell, 5. John J. White. 2. German Lester, William Shannon, 4. Henry Small, Missouri. John S. Brickey. 1. William Christy. William Moody, 1. Joshua Wingate, Jr., 2. Joshua Gage, 3. Elisha Allen,Jeremiah Morrow, 3 . William H. Harrison, 2. James Kilbourne, Maine. Lemuel Trescott. 4. Josiah Prescott, 6. Levi Hubbard, 5. William Chadwick, 7. Samuel Tucker. Ohio. James Caldwell. 3. Alexander Campbell, 5. Robert Lucas, 4. John McLaughlin, 6. Lewis Dille. 456 APPENDIX. Nathaniel Ewing, 1. Daniel J. Caswell. James B. Moore, 1. Michael Jones. John Scott, 1. Henry Minor. Duncan Stewart, 1 . Theodore Stark. Philemon Thomas, 1. Daniel L. Todd. Indiana. Illinois. Alabama. Mississippi. Louisiana. John H. Thompson. A. F. Hubbard. George Phillips. Daniel Burnet. John R. Grymes. TENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1825. John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay were candidates, and the Electoral College not giving either of them the requisite majority (132 votes,) the choice again devolved upon the House of Representatives, when Mr. Adams was elected. Andrew Jackson received the entire electoral vote of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, North CaroUna, South Carolina, Tennessee, Indiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, 1 of the 36 votes of New York, 7 of the 11 votes of Maryland, 3 of the 5 votes of Louisiana, and 1 of the 3 votes of Illinois. John Quincy Adams received the entire vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connec ticut, and 26 of the 36 votes of New York, 1 of the- 3 votes of Delaware, 3 of the 11 votes Maryland, 2 of the 5 votes of Louisiana, and 1 of the 3 votes of Illinois. William H. Crawford received tho entire vote of Virginia and of Georgia, and 5 of the 36 votes of New York, 2 of the 3 votes of Delaware, and I of the 11 votes of Maryland. Henry Clay received the entire vote of Kentucky, Ohio, and Missouri, and 4 of the 36 votes of New York. John C. Calhoun was elected Vice-President, receiving 182 votes ; while Nathan Sanford had 30 votes, Nathaniel Macon 24, Andrew Jackson 13, Martin Van Buren 9, and Heury Clay 2. The Electors were : Josiah Bartlett, 3 . William Badger, 3. 2. Caleb Reith, 4. William Gray, 3. Levi Lincoln, 6. 2. Enos Foot, 7. 3. T. L. Winthrop, 8. 4. William Walker, 9. 5. N. Silsbee, Caleb Earle, 1. Stephen B. Cornel], Calvin Willey, 1. Oliver Wolcott, 3. 2. John Swathel, 4. Jonas. Galusha, 3 . Titus Hutchinson, 2. Dan Carpenter. New Hampshire. Samuel Quarles, Moses White, Massachusetts. John Endicot, Joseph Kettredge, Thomas Weston, Augustus Tower, Rhode Island. Charles Eldridge. Connecticut. Rufus Hitchcock, Lemuel White, Vermont. Joseph Burr, Asa Aldis, Abel Parker. 5. William Fisk, 6. Hall Burgin. Oliver Smith. 10. Cornelius Grinnell, 11. Jonathan Davis, 12. Hezekiah Barnard, 13. Edmund Cushing. Elisha Watson. David Keys. 5. David Hill, 6. Moses Warren. John Mason. 5. Jabez Proctor. AP P END IX. 457 New York. Nathan Thompsor i, William Townsend. 1. Darius Bentley, 13. Marinus Willett, 24. Clark Crandall, 2. Thomas Lawyer, 34. Phineas Coon, 25. Isaac Sutherland, 3. Micah Brooks, 35. Ebenezer Sage, 26. I. Sutherland, 4. E. B. Crandale, 16. Azariah Smith, 27. William Walsh, 5. Pierre A. Barker, 37. Richard Blanvelt, 28. J. Lansing, Jr., 6. Samuel Hicks, 38. Eleazer Burnham, 29. Alexander J. Coffin, 7. Joseph Sibley, 39. Abraham Stagg, 30. Benjamin Bailey, 8. Edward Savage, 20. Solomon St. John, 31. Benjamin Smith, 9. Timothy H, Porter, 21. John Drake, 32. Samuel Smith, 10. Benjamin Mooers, 22. Elisha B. Strong, 33. Elisha Dorr, 11. Samuel Russell, 23. James Drake, 34. Heman Cady. 32. Chester Patterson, Peter Wilson, New Jersey. John Buck. 3. Daniel Vliet, 3. Jacob Kline, 5. Joseph Kille, 2. James Cook, Thomas Leipgr, 4. James Parker, Pennsylvania. 6. J. W. Scott. William Beatty. 3. Cromwell Pearce, 10. Abraham Addams, 19. Adam King, 2. Valentine Giesey, 13. Joseph Engle, 20. Philip Benner, 3. Philip Peltz, 32. Isaac Smith, 21. John Rush, 4. John Reed, 33. John Pugh, 22. Henry Scheetz, 5. A. McCaraher, 34. William Thomson, 23. Peter Adams, 6. James Duncan, 15. Adam Ritscher, 24. Adam Light, 7. Daniel Sheffer, 36. Asa Mann, 25. James Ankrim 8. John Boyd, 37. Charles Kenny, 26. James Murray. 9. Daniel Raul, John Caldwell, 38. John Fogel, Delaware. Isaac Tunnell. 1. Joseph G. Rowland, Henry Brawner, 3. John C. Herbert, 2. Thomas Hope, 3. George Winchester, William C. Holt, 1. Charles H. Graves, 2. Ellison Currie, 3. John Cargill, 4. Robert Taylor, 5. W. H. Brodnax, 6. Isaac Foster, 7. Joseph Wyatt, 8. Daniel Morgan, Montfort Stokes, 1. Robert Love, 2. William A. Blount, 3. Peter Forney, 4. William B. Lockhart, 5. Vine Allen, Maryland. William Brown. 4. Samuel G. Osborn, 7. William Tyler, 5. Dennis Claude, 8. Littleton Dennis, 6. James Sangston, 9. Thomas Post. Virginia. 9. James Jones, 30. William Armstrong, 11. Charles Yancey, 12. Archibald Rutherford, 13. Joseph Martin, 14. John Bowyer, 15. Thomas M. Randolph, Robert Shield. 16. James Hoge, 17. W. Brockenbrough, 18. Andrew Russell, 19. John T. Somax, 20. Joseph H. Samuels, 21. William Jones, 22. William Marteney. North Carolina. William Martin. 6. Edward B. Dudley, 10. Walter J. Leake, 7. James Mebane, 13. William Drew, 8. A. H. Shepperd, 32. John M. Morehead, 9. John Giles, 13. Josiah Crudup. 458 APPENDIX. Robert Clendinen, 3 . John K. Griffen, 2. William Garrett, 3. Angus Patterson, Elias Beall, 1. Thomas Cumming, 2. John Mcintosh, 3. John Floyd, J. R. Underwood, 3. John E. King, 2. Joseph Allen, 3. Alney McLean, 4'. W. Moore, John Rhea, 1. T. A. Howard, 2. Joseph Brown, 3. W. E. Anderson, W. H. Harrison, 1. W. McFarland, 2. David Sloane, 3. Thomas Kirker, 4. Samuel Coulter, 5. James Heaton, William Nott, 1. James H. Shepherd, David Todd, 1. David Musick. South Carolina. Evan Benbow. 4. Eldred Simkins, 7. M. J. Keith, 5. Joseph W. Alston, 8. Thomas Benson, 6. William C. Pinckney. 9. William Laval. Georgia. 4. John Rutherford, 5. John Harden, Kentucky. 5. Young Ewing, 6. Thomas Bodley, 7. Benjamin Lecher, 8. D. Payne, Tennessee. 4. Joel Pihson, 5. B. C. Stout, 6. William Blout, Ohio. 6. S. Kingsbury, 7. Henry Brown, 8. Ebenezer Merry, 9. E. Buckingham, 10. James Cooley, Louisiana. 2. S. Heiriart, Missouri. William Matthews. 6. William Terrell, 7. Warren Jordan. Richard Taylor. 9. James Smiley, 10. J. J. Crittenden, 3 3 . Joshua Fry, .32. H. Taylor. William A. Sublett. 7. William Mitchell, 8. Robert H. Dyer, 9. Samuel Hogg. James Caldwell. 11. William Kendall, 12. JamesSteele, 13. William Skinner, 14. John Bigger. John B. Planche. 3. Pierre Lacoste. James Logan. Elias McNamee, 1. David Robb, Thomas Hinds, 1. James Patton. Indiana. John Can'. 2. Jonathan McCarty, 3. Samuel Milroy. Mississippi. Bartlett C. Barry. William Harrison, I. Henry Eddy.Reuben Safford, 3. Henry Chambers, James Campbell, 1. Thomas Fillebrown, 2. James Parker, 3. Nathaniel Hobbs, Illinois. Alabama. 2. John Murphy, Maine. 4. Benjamin ChandL., 5. Rev. Joshua Taylor, Alexander P. Field. James Hill. 3. William Fleming. Lemuel Trescott. 6. Benjamin Nourse, 7. Stephen Parsons. APPENDIX. 459 The choice between Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William H. Craw ford, the three highest on the list of those voted for by the Electoral College for Pres ident, devolved on the House of Representatives. Twenty-four members, one from each State, were appointed Tellers, and they announced as the result of the first ballot : For John Quincy Adams : Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Con necticut, Vermont, New York, Maryland, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Louisiana — 13 States. For Andrew Jackson: New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Caro lina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Indiana — 7 States. For William H. Craw ford : Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia — 4 States. The Speaker then declared that John Quincy Adams, having received a majority of the votes of all the States, was duly elected President. ELEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1829. Andrew Jackson was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Penn sylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, and Missouri, 1 of the 9 votes of Maine, 20 of the 36 votes of New York, and 5 of the 11 votes of Maryland — 178 in all; John Quincy Adams receiving the other 83 electoral votes. John C. Calhoun was re-elected Vice-President, receiving 171 votes ; while Richard Rush had 83 votes, and William Smith 7. The Electors were : Thomas Fillebrown, 1. Simon Nowell, 4. 2. Joseph Southwick, 5. 3. Joseph Prime, Maine. John S. Kimball. Levi Hubbard, 6. John Moore, James C. Churchill, 7. Ebenezer Farley. Vermont. Jonas Galusha, 1. Ezra Butler, 2. Josiah Dana, 3. John Phelps, 4. William Jarvis, Asa Aldis. 5. Apollos Austin. New Hampshire. George Sullivan, 1. Samuel Quarles, 2. Thomas Woolson, 3. Nahum Parker, 4. Ezra Bartlett, William Bixby. 5. Samuel Sparhawk, 6. William Lovejoy. Massachusetts. Thomas L. Winthrop, 1. Samuel Lathrop, 6. Samuel Jones, 2. Eliel Frost, 7. Baily Bartlett, 3. Jesse Putnam, 8. E. H. Robbins, 4. John Gilbert, 9. Nathan Chandler, 5. Stephen White, Rhode Island. Edmund Cushing. 10. Oliver Starkweather, 11. Jonathan Davis, 12. Bradford Dimmick, 13. Seth Sprague. Caleb Earle, 1. Stephen B. Cornell, 2. Charles Elbridge. Connecticut. Elisha Watson. Sylvester Norton, 1. Rufus Hitchcock, 2. Homer Boardman, 3. Moses Warren, 4. George Pratt, Roger Taintor. 5. Charles Hawley. 6. W. R. Kibbee. 46 0 APPENDIX. New York. Moses Rolph, Asaph Stow. 1. John Garrison, 13. Egbert Jansen, 24. Augustus Chapman, 2. A.D.W.Bruyn, 14. A. Mclntyre, 25. Thomas Blakeslee, 3. Benjamin Bailey, 15. John E. Russell, 26. Benjamin Cotton, 4. John Lloyd, 16. Salmon Childs, 27. Freeborn G. Jewett, 5. John Targee, 17. Peter Pine, 28. JohnBeall, 6. Alexander Coffin, 38. Peter H. Myers, 29. William Hildreth, 7. Gilbert Coutant, 39. J. C. Yates, 30. John Taylor, 8. Gilbert Eddy, 20. James Campbell, 31. James H. Guernsey, 9. Jacob Odell, 21. Elkanah Brush, 32. Charles Dayan, 10. A. Van Vechten, 22. Jesse Smith, 33. Shubal Dunham, 11. Morgan Lewis, 23! Rufus Crane, 34. Ebenezer Walden. 12. E. B. Shearman, New Jersey. Theodore Frelinghuysen, J. J. Ely. 1. A. Learning, 3. A. White, 5. Gabriel Hoff, 2. Abraham Brown, John B. Gibson, 4. T. Elmer, Pennsylvania. 6. C. Zabriskie. William Thompson. 1. William Findlay, 10. John Harper, 39. David Hottenstein, 2. Leonard Rupert, 11. John W. Cunning] 1am. 20. John M. Snowden, 3. Edward King, 12. John Scott, 21. Peter Frailey, 4. Jacob Gearhart, 13. George G. Leiper, 22. Robert Scott, 5. John Lisle, 14. William Piper, 23. Francis Baird, 6. George Barnitz, 15. Hemy Scheetz, 24. Henry Allshouse, 7. Jacob Holgate, 16. Valentine Giesey, 25. Henry Winters, 8. Jacob Heyser, 17. Adam Ritscher, 26. James Duncan. 9. Samuel Humes, Sr. , James Canby, 18. James Gordon, Delaware. David Hazard. 1. John Adams. Maryland William Fitzhugh , Jr. , Benjamin F. Forrest. 1. William Tyler, 4. Thomas Emory, 7. Elias Brown. 2. James Sewell, 5. Benjamin C. Howard, 8. Littleton Dennis. 3. John S. Sellman, G. T. R. Lockerman, 9. Henry Brawner. William C. Holt, 3. Wm. H. McFarland, 2. Ellysou Currie, 3. John Cargill, 4. John W. Green, 5. Thomas M. Nelson, 6. John Gibson, 7. Richard Logan, 8. George Rust, Robert Love, 1. Montfort Stokes 2. John Hall, 3. Peter Forney, 4. Joseph J. Williams, 5. John Giles, Sanders Glover, 3 . David R. Evans, 2. John McComb, 3. John Stewart, Virginia. 9. James Jones, 30. Jared Williams, 13. William Daniel, 32. Jacob D. Williamson 13. Joseph Martin, 14. John Bowyer, 15. William F. Gordcn, Robert McCandlish. 16. John E. George, 37. Wm. Brockenbrough, 38. Andrew Russell, 1 9. Garret Minor, 20. Joel Shrewsbury, 21. William Jones, 22. John McMillan. North Carolina. Josiah Crudup. 6. Kedar Ballard, 30. R. D. Spaight, 7. Abraham Phillips, 13. Walter F. Leake, 8. Louis D. Wilson, 12. E. B. Dudley, 9. John M. Morehead, 13. Willie P. Mangum. South Carolina. William Pope, 4. Arthur P. Hayne, 7. William Johnston, 5. David Sloan, 8. Henry L. Pinckney, 6. Green B. Colmi, 9. Wade Hampton, Jr. APPENDIX. 461 John Rutherford, 1. Robert R. Reed, 2. John Moore,* 3. David Blackshear, Thomas Miller, Enoch Parsons, Joseph Dunbar, Wiley P. Harris. John B. Planche, Thomas W. Scott, Solomon Graves, Alabama. 2. Thomas D. Crabb, Mississippi. Louisiana. 2. Placide Bossier, Tennessee. 4. Joseph Brown, 5. Benjamin C. Stout, 6. Willie Blount, Kentucky. Thomas S. Slaughter, Matthew Lyon, 5. Nathan Gaither, Benjamin Chapeze, 6. John Sterrett, Edmund Watkins, 7. Tunstall Quarles, John Younger, 8. Benjamin Taylor, Ohio. Ethan Allen Brown, George McCook, 6. George Sharp, John McElvain, 7. Henry Barrington, William Piatt, 8. Walter M. Blake, Samuel Herrick, 9. Thomas Gillespie, James Shields, 10. Benjamin Jones, Indiana. Benjamin V. Beckes, Jesse B. Durham, 2. William Lowe, Georgia. William Terrell. 4. Augustus S. Clayton, 6. John G^ Maxwell, 7. Oliver Porter. John A. Elmore. 3. William Y. Higgins. John Rhea, Samuel Bunch, Alfred Flournoy, Thomas McCorry, John Taylor, Alexander M. Houston. John Bull, Benjamin O'Fallon. Illinois. Missouri. William Downing. Alexander Mouton. 3. Trasimon Landry. William A. Sublett. 7. Andrew J. Marchbanks 8. Adam R. Alexander, 9. George Elliott. Reuben Munday. 9. Robert J. Ward, 10. Richard French, 13. Tandy Allen, 12. Thompson Ward. Robert Lucas. 11. Thomas L. Hamer, 12. William Hayne, 3 3. Valentine Keffer, 14. Hugh McFall. Ratliff Boon. 3. Ross Smiley. Richard M. Young. Augustus Jones. TWELFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 3833. Andrew Jackson was re-elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Caro lina, Georgia, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, and * John Moore declining to serve, Seaton Grantland was elected by the Legislature. 462 APPENDIX. Missouri, with three of the eight votes of Maryland — 219. Henry Clay, of Kentucky received the entire vote of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, and Kentucky, with five of the eight votes of Maryland — 49 ; John Floyd received the entire vote of South Carolina — 3 1 ; and William Wirt the entire vote of Vermont — 7. Martin Van Buren was elected Vice-President, receiving 1 89 votes ; while John Sergeant had 49 votes, William Wilkins had 30, Henry Lee had 31, and Amos Elmaker had 7. The Electors were : Maine. J. 2 3. Nathan Cutler, Isaac Lane, Silas Barnard, J. C. Churchill, 4. 5. 6. Elias Burgess, Joseph Sewall, Joseph Kelsey, Samuel Moore. , 7. Rowland H. Bridgham, 8. E. Fletcher. 1. 2t Benjamin Peirce, Phineas Parkhurst, Joseph Weeks, 3. 4. New Hampshire Samuel Collins, Moses White, John Holbrook. 5. John Taylor. 1. 2. James Tarbox, Nathan Leavenworth, John S. Pettibone, 3. 4. Vermont. Ezra Butler, Augustus Clarke, Amos Thompson. 5. William Strong. Charles Jackson, 1. Thomas H. Perkins, 2. James Byers, 3. Gideon Barstow, 4. Henry Shaw, Massachusetts. Ebenezer Moseley, James Richardson, Nathan Brooks, Jotham Lincoln, E. Mattoon. 9. Aaron Tufts, 10. Cornelius Grinnell, 13. Samuel Lee, 12. Nymphas Marston. Rhode Island. Samuel Ward King, 3. WiUiam Peckham, 2. Peleg Wilbur: Morris Woodruff, 1. John Baldwin, 2. Chester Smith, Connecticut. 3. Eli Todd, 4. Oliver H. Kine;, John D. Reynolds. 5. Erastus Sturges, 6. E. Jackson, Jr. Edward P. Liviu 1. Nathaniel Garron, 2. Theophilus S. Morgan, 3. Moses Ralph, 4. David Moulton, 5. Hemy Waring, 6. Ebenezer Wood, 7. Gideon Lee, 8. Peter Collier, 9. John Targee, 30. John Hyde, 11. Preserved Fish, 12. Thomas Humphrey, 13. J. W. Hardenbrook, 14. Joseph Reynolds-, New York. gston, lo. Abraham Miller, 16. Darius Bentlev, 17. William Taber, 18. Samuel Payne, 19. Samuel Hunter, 20. G. Curtis, 21. Peter Crispell, Jr. 22. Seth Thomas, 23. William Deitz, 24. Jonas Secly, 25. Samuel Anable, 26. Oliver Phelps, 27. James Woods, Amos Buck 28. Truman Spencer, 29. John N. Quackenbush, 30. Abel Baldwin, 31. Daniel D. Campbell, 32. James Sutherland, 33. John Gale, 34. Calvin T. Chamberlain, 35. Dudley Farlin, 36. Orris Crosby, 37. James B. Spencer, 38. M. A. Andrews, 39. John S. Veeder, 40. Asa Clark, Jr. Daniel Vliet. 3. Peter J. Terhune, 2. John M. Perrine, New Jersey. 3 Joseph Rogers, 4. James Newell, Aaron Vansyckel. 5. William Munroe, 6. William L. Stiles. A P P E N D IX. 463 Samuel McKean, 1. C. Garber, 2. William Swilland, 3. John T. Knight, 4. W.Brindle, 5. William Thomson, 6. Adam Light, 7. Edward King, 8. George Barnitz, 9. B. W. Richards, 10. D. Sheffer, Pennsylvania. 11. George W. Smick, 12. Frederick Orwan, 13. John Slaymaker, 14. George McCuUock, 15. Oliver Alison, 16. John Murray, 17. George G. Leiper, 18. David Gilman, 19. Henry Scheetz, David D. Wagoner. 20. David Frazier, 23. Adam Ritscher, 22. P. Mulvany, 23. William Addams, 24. J. Patten, 25. John Schall, 26. J. Y. Bauley, 27. J. Rooker, 28. Wilson Smith. 1 George Truitt, H. F. Hall. Delaware. C. P. Comegys. Maryland. R. H. Goldsborough, 1. J. S. Smith. 3. William Frick, 2. William B. Tyler, 4. Albert Constable, William Price. 5. U. S. Heath, 6. John L. Steele. George Loyall, 3 . John Cargill, 2. John Gibson, 3. James Jones, 4. J. Horner, 5. Thomas M. Nelson, 6. H. L. Opie, 7. Archibald Austin, Virginia. 8. James M. Mason, 9. Richard Logan, 10. John McMillan, 13. Joseph Martin, 12. J. D. Williamson, 13. William Jones, 14. Charles Beale, Samuel Blackwell. 15. W. H. Roane, 16. Thomas Bland, 17. Samuel Carr, 18. A. Russell, 39. L.T.Dade, 20. Philip N. Nicholas, 21. A. R. Harwood. A. W. Venable, 1. Robert Love, 2. I. I. Daniel, 3. George L. Davidson, 4. W. B. Lockhart, 5. Peregrine Roberts, North Carolina. : 6. F. Ward, 7. Thomas G. Polk, 8. R. D. Spaight, 9. Thomas Settle, 0. Watson. 10. Owen Holmes, 11. J. M. Morehead, 12. Henry Skinner, 13. William H. Leak. South Carolina. Robert J. Turnbull, 1. W. Thompson, Jr., 4. Thomas Lyles, 2. Samuel Cherry, 5. W. B. Seabrook, 3. William Dubose, 6. Thomas Dugan, Beverly Allen, 3. Elias Beall, 2. Henry Jackson, 3. David Blackshear, Georgia. 4. William Terrell, 5. W. B. Bullock, 6. John Whitehead, i Elij ah Watson. 7. Benjamin Hart, 3. Joseph S. Shelton, 9. Thomas Evans. Hemy Holt. 7. John Floyd. 8. Wilson Williams, 9. Seaton Grantland. M Aiken, 1. William Snodgrass, 2. J. G. Bostick, 3. Jesse Wallace, 4. Elliott Hickman, 5. W. B. A. Ramsey, Tennessee. 6. William Pillow, 7. Joseph McMillon, 8. Willie Blount, 9. William Stroud, Si- Daniel Bowman. 10. David Fentress, 11. John Heam, 12. B. Coleman, , 33. George Elliott. 464 AP P END IX. Joseph Eve, 1. Benjamin Hardin, 2. W. K. Wall, 3. M. P. Marshall, 4. J. L. Hickman, 5. M. V. Thompson, Kentucky. 6. William Ousley, 7. Burr Harrison, 8. Thomas Chilton, 9. John I. Marshall, Alney McLeon. JO. D. S. Patton, 11. E. M. Ewing, 12. M. Beatty, 13. Thompson M. Ewing Benjamin Tappan, 1. John M. Goodenow, 2. Valentine Keffer, 3. I. D. Morris, 4. Isaac Humphreys, 5. Mark T. Wills, 6. Alexander Elliott, 7. R. D. Forman, Ohio. 8. John Clianey, 9. Alexander McConnell 10. George Sharpe, 11. Michael Moore, 12. Fisher A. Blocksom, 13. John Lavwell, Joseph J. McDowell. 14. William S. Tracy, 15. George Marshall, 1 6. Jeremiah McLane, 17. Eli Baldwin, 38. H. J. Harman, 19. Jonathan Cilley. J. B. Planche, 1 . Thomas W. Scott, George Boon, 1. W. Armstrong, 2. Alexander J. Burnett, 3. James Blake, Alexander Mouton. 3. T. Landry. Louisiana. 2. W. H. Overton, Indiana. M. Crune. 4. John Ketchum, 6. Thomas Givins, 5. Arthur Patterson, 7. N. B. Palmer. William Dowsing, 3. Wiley P. Harris, James Evans, 1. John C. Alexander, Hemy King, 1. John J. Winston, 2. William P. Gould, Joel H. Haden, 1. William Blackey, Mississippi. 2. W. W. Cherry. Illinois. 2. Thomas Ray, Alabama. 3. William R. Pickett. 4. George Phillips, Missouri. 2. Hemy Shurlds. Samuel Hunter. Adams Dunlap. 3. Abner Flack. William Edmondson. 5. Theophilus Toulmin. John Hume. THIRTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION- -1837. Martin Van Buren was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, r>ew Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Lomi-iana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, Michi gan— 1/0. William H. Harrison received the entire vote of Vermont, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana— 73; Huo-h L. White, the vote of Georgia and of lennessee— 26 ; Dauiel Webster, the vote of Massachusetts— 14; and W. P Mangum, the vote of South Carolina— 11. Richard M. Johnson was chosen Vice-President by the Senate, no one having received a majority of the electoral votes, which stood : Richard M. Johnson, 147 ; Francis Granger, 77 ; John Tyler, 47; Willian Smith, 23. The Electors were : J lliam APPENDIX. 465 Reuel Williams, 1. Sheldon Hobbs, 2. Joseph Tobin, 3. Jonathan Smith, Maine. Shepherd Carey. 4. John Hamblen, 7. John H. Jarvis, 5. Benjamin Burgess, 8. S. S. Heagan. 6. William Thompson, New Hampshire. Jonathan Harvey, 1. Isaac Waldron," 2. G. Gilmore, 3. Tristam Shaw, 4. Ebenezer Carlton, Josiah Russell. 5. Stephen Galo. Vermont. Jabez Proctor. 1. S. Swift, 2. Titus Hutchinson, 3. David Crawford, 4. W. A. Griswold, Howe. 5. Edward Lamb. Massachusetts. Nathaniel Silsbee, 1. E. A. Newton, 2. Leverett Saltonstall, 3. Benjamin Walker, 4. Isaac C. Bates, 5. Loammi Baldwin, 6. Thomas Longlay, 7.. Samuel Lee, S. Bezabeel Taft, Jr., Samuel Appleton. 9. J. G. Kendall, 10. Howard Lothrop, 11. Charles W. Morgan, 32. Charles J. Holmes. Rhode Island. James Fenner, Henry Bull. 1. John D'Wolf, Lorain T. Pease, 2. B. B. Thurston. Connecticut. Luther Warren. 1. Alfred Bassett, 3. Julius Clark, 5. Moses Gregory, 2. Seth P. Beers, 4. R. P. Williams, New York. 6. Carlos Chapman. Cornelius W. Lawrence, John Cox. 1. Jacob Sutherland, 15. Lucas Hoes, 28. Elisha Doubleday, 2. Gideon Ostrander, 16. Whitcombe Phelps, 29. Frederick Lammons, 3. Moses Rolph, 17. Henry Koon, 30. Joseph Sibley, 4. John Targee, 38. David Munro, 31. Henry Ellison, 5. Jacob Crocheron, 19. Peter Wendell, 32. Samuel Benedict, Jr, 6. Jeremiah Anderson, 20. Daniel Dickey, 33. Parker Halleck, 7. Stephen Allen, 21. Herman Gansevroot, 34. Daniel H. Bissell, 8. James Hooker, 22. Peleg Slade, 35. George F. Falley, 9. Nathaniel P. Hill, 23. John Gale, 36. Thomas J. Wheeler, 10. Ichabod Bartlett, 24. Alanson M. Knapp, 37. Orville Hungerford, 11. Jeremiah Russell, 25. Walcott Tyrrell, 38. Guy H. Goodrich, 12. Augustus C. Welch, 20. Jared Willson, 39. Joshua Babcock, 13. Zadock Pratt, 27. David C. Judson, 40. Hiram Gardner. 14. Lyman Strabridge, William Stevens, New Jersey. Allison Ely. 1. John H. Hall, 3. William Brittan, 5. Josiah S. Worth, •2. Joshua Burr, 30 4. David Beevis, 6. J. Learning. 466 A P P ENDIX. Pennsylvania. James Thompson, Henrv Welsh. 1. Robert Patterson, 11 Gardner Furness, 20. Wallace M. Williams, 2. Thomas C. Miller, 12, Asa Mann, 21. Jacob Kern, 3.' Thomas D. Grover, 13, Oliver Allison, 22. James Power, 4. William Clark, 14. William R. Smith, 23. Jacob Dillinger, 5. Joseph Burden, 15, Henry Myers, 24. Robert Orr, ' G. John Mitchell, 16. S. L. Carpenter, 25. Paul Geiger, 7. John Naglee, 17. John B. Sterigere, 26. John Carothers, 8. Leonard Rupert, 18. Robert Patterson, 27. Calvin Blythe, 9. Samuel Badger, 19. Henry Chapman, 28. John P. Davis. 10. George Kriner, Delaware. William W. Morris, William Dunning. 1. H. F. Hall. EUas Brown, Maryland. David'Hoffman. 1. J. B. Ricaud, 4. J. M. Coale, 7. T. Burchenal. 2. George Howard, 5. Anthony Kimmel, 8. Thomas G. Pratt. 5! William Price, A. Smith, 6. Robert "W. Bowie, Virginia. Samuel Carr. 1. John Cargill, 8. A. S. Baldwin, 35. A. R. Harwood, 2. W. Holladay, 9. Richard Logan, 36. James Hoge, 3. James Jones, 10. J. D. Williamson, 37. John Moncure, 4. I. Horner, 11. A. Stuart, 38. John Gibson, 5. Wm. R. Baskerville, 12. D. B. Layne, 39. W. H. Roane, 6. H. L. Opie, 33. H. Hudgins, 20. Samuel L. Hays, 7. Archibald Austin, Robert Love, 14. A. Bierne, North Carolina 21. John Hindman. Josiah 0. Watson. 1. George Bower, 6. G. C. Marchant, 10. W. P. Ferrand, 2. Nathaniel Macon, 7. John Hill, 11. W. A. Morris, 3. John Wilson, s. L. D. Wilson, 12. Owen Holmes, 4. W. B. Lockhart, 9'. John Parker, 13. A. W. Venable. 5. A. Henderson, John Littlejohn, South Carolina, Thomas L. Gourdin. 1. Patrick Noble, 4. B. T. Elmore, 7. John Frampton, •1 Thomas Dugan, 5. Thomas F. Jones, 8. B. K. Hanegan, J D. J. McCord, George R. Gilmer, 6. R. H. Goodwin, Georgia. 9. John Maxwell. Thomas Stocks. 1. John W. Campbell, 4. William H. Holt, 7. Thomas Hamilton, 2. Howell Cobb, 5. E. Wimberly, 8. David Meriwether, 3. Gibson Clark, 6. Ambrose Baber, 9. C. Hines. William Smith, 1 . John McKinley, 2. John S. Hunter, Robert J. McKinn 1. John Netherland, 2. W. E. Anderson, 3. Alexander E. Smith, 4. Andrew J. Hoover, 5. James Park, Alabama. Robert H. Watkins. 3. Thomas D. King, 5. William R. Pickett. 4. William R. Hallett, Tennessee. T, 6. T. F. Bradford, 7. James A. Whiteside, 8. Neil S. Brown, 9. Asa Falkner, John Gordon. 10. S. D. Frierson, 11. Richard Cheatham, 12. L. P. Williamson. 13. William W. Lea. APPENDIX. 467 Kentucky". Burr Harrison, Thomas P. Wilson. 3. Henry Daniel, 6. Thomas Metcalf, 10. J. F. Ballinger, 2. William K. Wall, 7. E. Rumsey, 11. C. Tompkins, 3. Philip Triplett, 8. M. P. Marshall, 12. Robert P. Letcher, 4. Robert Wickliff, 9. Richard A. Buckner, 13. M. Beaty. 5. D. S. Patton, Benjamin Ruggles Ohio. W. C. Kirker. 1. Joshua Collett, 8. John Codding, 34. John P. Coulter, 2. Ira Belknap, 9. Isaiah Morris, 35. Abels Rennick, 3. George P. Torrence, 10. Jared P. Kirtland, 16. John L. Lacy, 4. Samuel Elliott, 13. Alexander Campbell, 17. Christian King, 5. Andrew McCleary, 32. D. Hasbough, 38. Andrew Donnelly, 6. Mordecai Bartley, 33. William Kendall, 19. Samuel Newell. 7. Elijah Huntington, Thomas Hinds, Mississippi. R. H. Grant. 1. B. W. Edwards, J. B. Planche, 2. H. G. Runnels. Louisiana. Alexander Mouton. ], T. U. Scott, John C. Clendenin 2. P. E. Bossier, Indiana. 3. T. Landry. Achilles Williams. I. Hiram Decker, ' 4. A. L. White, 6. M. G. Clark, 2. A. W. Morris, 5. Enoch McCarty, 7. A. P. Andrews. 3. Milton Stapp, Missouri. George F. Bollinger, William Monroe. 1. John Sappington, John Miller, 2. A. Bird. Arkansas. A. B. Anthony. 3. Joshua Morrison. Daniel Le Roy, Michigan. William H. Hoeg. 1. David C. McKinstry. John Wyatt, Illinois. Samuel Hachleton. 1. Samuel Leach, 2. John Pearson, 3. John D. Whitesides. FOURTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1841. William Henry Harrison was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, and Michigan — 234. Martin Van Buren received the entire vote of New Hampshire, Virginia, South Carolina, Illinois, Alabama, Mis souri, and Arkansas — 60. John Tyler was elected Vice-President, receiving 234 votes, while R. M. Johnson had 48, L. W. Tazewell 11, and James K. Polk 1. The Electors were : Isaac Ilsley, 1. Isaac Hodson, 2. E. Robinson, 3. Samuel Small, Maine. Thomas Fillebrown. 4. Benjamin P. Gilman, 7. Charles Trafton, 5. Rufus K. Goodenow, 8. Thomas Robinson. 6. J. Huse, 468 APPEND IX. Samuel Burns, 3. John Scott, 2. J. W. Weeks, Samuel C. Crafts, 1. Ezra Meech, 2. A. B. W. Tenney, Isaac C. Bates, 3. Peleg Sprague, 2. Sidney Willard, 3. Richard Houghton, 4. Ira M. Barton, Nicholas Brown, 1. George Engs, New Hampshire. 3. Samuel Hatch, 4. F. Holbrook, Vermont. 3. William Henry, 4. William P. Briggs, Massachusetts. 5. S. C. Phillips, 6. George Grinnel, Jr., 7. Samuel Mixter, 8. Joseph Tripp, Rhode Island. 2. William Rhodes. S. Perley. 5. Andrew Paine, Jr, John Conaut. 5. Joseph Reed Rufus Longley. 9. Thomas French, 3 0. John B. Thomas, 31. W. Wood, 32. J. Z. Goodrich. W. Weeden. H. Spencer, 3. James Brewster, 2. P. Pearl, James Burt, 1 . Abraham Rose, 2. H. Watson, 3. John T. Harrison, 4. G. P. Griffith, 5. John L. Lawrence, 6. A. Mclntyre, 7. Joseph Tucker, 8. E. Stimsou, 9. J. P. Phoenix, 10. Josiah Hand, 11. Richard S. Williams, 12. K. P. Cool, 13. P. Van Cortlandt, 14. Jonathan Wallace, Lewis Condict, 3. C. Stepton, 2. Samuel G- Wright, J. A. Sl-.ulze, 3. J. Ritner, 2. J. K. Zeilin, 3. L. Passmorc, 4. Robert Stimson, 5. J. P. Wetherell, 6. W. S. Hendrie, 7. Thomas P. Cope, 8. I. J. Boss, 9. F. Gillingham, 10. Peter Filbert, Benjamim Caulk, 1 . Peter J. Causey. Connecticut. 3. A. Larrabee, 4. P. Bierce, New York. 15. B. White, 16. H. P. Voorhies, 17. N. Dubois, 18. Thomas Burch, 19. Peter G. Sharp, 20. P. B. Porter, 21 . John I. Knox, 22. Albert Crane, 23. Peter Pratt, 24. Charles Bradish, 25. E. Merrick, 26. Gideon Lee, 27. J. Livingston, New Jersey. 3. James Sliff, 4. Thomas Newbold, Pennsylvania. 11. A. Ellmaker, 32. William Addams, 33. John Harper, 34. B. Connelly, Jr., 15. William Mcllvain, 16. Joseph Markle, 17. J. Dickson, 18. J. G. Fordyce, 19. J. McKeehan, Delaware. Reuben Booth. 5. J. Green, 6. J. S. Peters. Elisha Jenkins. 28. Gratfan H. Wheeler, 29. Isaac Ogden, 30. William Garbutt, 3 1 . Samuel Balcom, 32. P. L. Tracey, 33. I. I. Speed, Jr., 34. John Wheeler, 35. D. Hibbard, 36. Philo Orton, 37. John Williams, 38. H. R. Seymour, 39. B. D. Noxen, 40. Da-vis Hurd. John Runk. 5. J. M. Rverson, 6. Joshua Townsend. A. R. Mcllvain. 20. T. M. T. McKennan, 21. John Reed, 22. H. Denny, 23. A. B. Wilson, 24. Joseph Buffington, 25. N. Middleswarth, 26. Henry Black, 27. George Walker, 28. John Dick. H. F. Hall. APPENDIX. 469 Maryland. David Hoffman, 1. J. L. Kerr, 4. Richard J. Bowie, 2. George Howard, 5. Jacob A. Preston, 3. Theodore R. Lockerman, 6. James M. Coale, J. P. Kennedy. 7. W, T. Woolton, 8. Thomas A. Spence. A. Smith, J. J. Cargill, 2. Archibald Stuart, 3. James Jones, 4. William Tod, 5. William R. Baskeville, 6. A. Brockenbrough, 7. Charles Yancey, Virginia. 8. John Gibson, 9. J. B. Halybiiton, 10. J. D. Williamson, 11. J. T. Randolph, 12. William Taylor, 33. W. Holliday, 14. A. C. Chapman, Richard Logan. 15. J. Horner, 16. James Hoge, 17. Richard E. Byrd, 18. AVilliam Byers, 19. William A. Harris, 20. Benjamin Brown, 21. John Hurdman. James Welborn, Charles McDowell, J. B. Kelly, D. Ramsour, James Mebane, 5. A. Rencher, John Crawford, 1. J.J. Caldwell, 2. W. H. Cannon, 3. A. Mazyck, George R. Gilmer, 1. D. L. Clinch, 2. W. W. Ezzard, 3. J. W. Campbell, North Carolina. D. F. Caldwell. William W. Cherry, 10. Josiah Collins, James S. Smith, 11. William L. Long, Thomas F. Jones, 12. James W. Bryan, Charles Manly, 13. Daniel B. Baker. South Carolina. 4. J. Buchanan, 5. H. J. Johnson, 6. F. J. Goodwyn, Georgia. 4. C. B. Strong, 5. Joel Crawford, 6. E. Wimberly, L. Jeter. 7. W. McWillie, 8. J. Jenkins, 9. John L. Ashe. A. Miller. 7. Charles Dougherty, 8. J. Whitehead, 9. S. Grantlaud. Alabama. William K. Hallett, Joseph P. Frazier. 1. B. M. Lowe, 3. M. F. Rainey, 5. J. Murphy. 2. Benjamin Fitzpatrick, 4. Benjamin Reynolds, S. S. Prentiss, 1. J. J. Stewart, Mississippi. Thomas J. Word. 2. Henry Dickenson. E. H. Foster, 1. S. Jarnagin, 2. J. F. Morford, 3. Thomas D. Arnold, Tennessee. 5. William P. Senter, 6. James 0. Janes, 7. A. A. Anderson, Thomas J. Campbell. 9. J. H. Cahal, 10. G. A. Henry, 11. E. J. Shields, 4. Thomas L. Bransford, 8. D. W. Dickenson, 12.' George W. Gibbs. Richard A. Buckner, 3. James T. Morehead, 2. Thomas W. Riley, 3. Robert Patterson, 4. William H. Field, 5. Iredell Hart, Kentucky. 6. Daniel Breck, 7. James W. Irwin, 8. R. H. Menefee, 9. B. Y. Ousley, Charles G. Wintersmith. 10. M. P. Marshall, 11. James Harlan, 12. A. Beatty, 33. W. W. Southgate. 4T0 A PPENDIX. Ohio. AYilliam R. Putnam, 1. Alexander Mayhew, 8. Aquila Toland, 2. Henry Harter, 9. Perley B. Johnson, 3. A. Spafford, 10. John Dukes, 4. Joshua Collett, 11. Otho Brashear, 5. Abram Miley, 12. James Raquet, 6. Samuel F. Vinton, 13. C. S. Miller, ?. John I. Yanmeter, J. McCarty, Indiana. 3. J. W. Payne, 4. James H. Cravens, 2. Joseph L. White, 5. Caleb B. Smith, 3. Richard W. Thompson, A. W. Snyder, Illinois. 1. Isaac P. Walker. Thomas J. Drake, 9. James H. Ralston, Michigan. 3. J. Van Fossen. William De Buys, Louisiana. 3. J. Birnard, A. Byrd, o_ S. Lewis, Missouri. 3. E. Dobyns. John McClellen, o_ W. G. Meriwether. Arkansas. 1. John Miller. Reasin Beall. 14. John Carey, 15. David King, 36. Storm Rosa, 17. John Beatty, 18. John Augustine, 39. John Jameson. Joseph G. Marshall. 6. William Herod, 7. Samuel C. Sample. J. A. McClernand. 3. I. W. Eldridge. H. G. Wells. Jacques Dupre. 3. L. Banas. James Holnian. Samuel M. Rutherford. FIFTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1845. James K. Polk was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Louis iana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, and Michigan — 170. Henry Clay received the vote of Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio— 105. George M. Dallas was elected Vice-President, receiving 170 votes, while T. FreUnghuysen had 105. The Electors were : Maine. James W. Bradbury, 1. John Stickney, 4. Levi Morrill, 2. Ichabod Jordan, 3. Alfred Pierce, AYilliam Badger, 1. John McNeil, 2. E. Sawyer, Abbott Lawrence, 1. Lewis Strong, 2. Charles Allen, 3. N. Appleton, 4. AY. B. Calhoun, Benjamin Weaver. 1. Stephen Steere, 5. J. A. Lowell, New Hampshire. 3. E. R. Currier, Massachusett 5. J. P. Allen, 6. C. B. Rising, 7. Homer Bartlett, John Foster. 6. Thomas Bartlett, 7. Nathaniel Robinson. Isaac Hale. 4. J. L. Putnam. A. R. Thompson. 8. Elijah A'ose, 9. W. Baylies, 10. Seth Crowell. Rhode Island. John Greene. 2. N. F. Dixon, (the elder. ) APPENDIX 471 Connecticut. Clark Bissell, N. 0. Kellogg. 1. Charles W. Rockwell, 3. S. A. Foote, 4. Truman Smith. 2. Joseph L. Gladding, J. H. Harris, Vermont. C. Coolidge. 3. John Pick, 3. C. Townsley, 4. E. Fairbanks. 2. Benjamin Swift, New York. Benjamin F. Butler, John Nellis. 3. Daniel S. Dickenson, 13. J. J. Coddington, 24. John Lapham, 2. Clemence Whitaker, 14. Daniel Dana, 25. N.M.Martin, 3. Hugh Halsey, 15. Daniel Johnson, 26. J.D. Higgins, 4. A. Doane, 16. John Gillett, 27. J.K.Page, 5. H. Thompson, 17. J. Crawford, 28. R. H. Shankland, 6. Thomas H. Hubbard, 18. J. E. Bogardus, 29. John Savage, 7. George Douglass, 19. William Murrey, 30. J. Hascall, Jr., 8. L. Pettengill, 20. J. Boynton, 33. William Hedding, 9. Neil Cray, 21. Jacobus Hoerolnburgh, 32. Rufus H. Smith, 10. AVilliam Mason, 22. E. Johnson, 33. John Fay, 11. W. S. Havemayer, 23. J. L. Hogeboom, 34. A. Hogeboom. 12. H. Potts, J. B. Aycrigg, New Jersey. John Emly. 1. Charles Reeves, 3. E. Q. Keasbeg, 5. A. Godwin. 2. E. Y. Rogers, 4. James Stewart, Pennsylvania. Wilson McCandless, Jesse Sharp. 1. Asa Dimock, 9. John Hill, 17. James Woodburn, 2. N. W. Sample, 10. I. Brewster, 18. William Patterson, 3. G. F. Lehman, 11. Samuel E. Leech, 19. Hugh Montgomery, 4. AVilliam Heidenrich, 12. George Schnable, 20. A.Burke, 5. Christian Kneass, 33. Samuel Camp, 21. Isaac Aukeny, 6. Conrad Shimer, 34. N. B. Eldred, 22. John M. Gill, 7. William H. Smith, 15. William N. Irvine, 23. C.Meyers, 8. Stephen Baldy, Alfred Dupont, 16. John Matthews, Delaware. 24. Robert Orr. Thomas Davis. 1 . Enoch Spruance. Maryland. William M. Gaither, William Price. 1. James B. Ricaud, 3. Thomas S. Alexander, 5. H. E. Wright, 2. C. K. Stewart, 4. A. AV. Bradford, 6. Samuel Hambleton. John S. Millson, 1. Thomas Wallace, 2. Richard Coke, Jr., 3. R. H. Baptiste, 4. H. Bedinger, 5. AVilliam Daniel, Virginia. 6. G. B. Samuels, 7. A. Stuart, 8. James Hoge, 9. Thomas J. Randolph, 10. H.S.Kane, AV. H. Roane. 11. WiUiam Smith, 12. R. A. Thompson, 13. William P. Taylor, 14. Joseph Johnson, 15. William S. Morgan. North Carolina. William W. Cheny, 1. R.B.Gilliam, 4. M. Q. AVaddell, 2. W. H. Washington, 5. John Kern, 3. D.B.Baker, 6. A. H. Shepard, Josiah Collins. 7. James W. Osborne, 8. J. Horton, 9. John Baxter. 472 A P P ENDIX. F. H. Elmore, 1. J. D. Wetherspoon, 2. H.C.Young, 3. F.AV.Huey, South Carolina. 4. T.B. Skipper, 5. L. Boozer, F. AV. Pickens. 6. William Cairn, 7. R. De Treville. Georgia. Charles J. McDonald, Alfred Iverson. 1. B. Graves, 4. Charles Murphy, 7. William B. Wofforil, 2. H. V. Johnson, 5. William F. Sandford, 8. Eli H. Baxter. 3. R. M. Charlton, 6. George AV. Towers, Kentucky'. 1. 2. 3. 4. P. Triplett, ' B. M. Crenshaw, W. AAr. Southgate, Benjamin Hardin, W. R. Grigsby, 5.6. 7. I. K. Underwood, W. J. Gram, R.A.Patterson, Ohio. Greene Adams. 8. Leslie Coombs, 9. John Kincard, 10. L. AAr. Andrews. 1. o 4. 5. li. 7. Thomas Corwin, Bellamy Storer, Samson Mason, W. Bebb, D. J. Cory, A. Harlan, J. Scott, R. AV. Clark, 9. 10. 11.32. 13. 14. Peter Hitchcock. David Adams, 15. T. W. Bostwick, Joseph Olds, 16. A\\ R. Sapp, D.S.Norton, 17. J.W.Gill, W. AY. Conklin, 18. Cyrus Spink, James K. Holcombe, 19. J. H. Baldwin, H. Chapin, 20. AV. S. Perkins, J. Crooks, 21. John Fuller. Tennessee. 1. 2. 3. 4. John Bell, G. A. Hemy, J. H. Crozier, J. A. R. Nelson, D. L. Barringer, 5.6.7. 8. Robert L. Caruthers. R.H.Hynds, 9. H. L. Bransford, N. S. Brown, 3 0. AA'illiam T. Haskell, Thomas R. Jennings, 11. Robertson Topp. J. D. Tyler, Louisiana. 1. 2. G. Leonard, T. Landry, T. W. Scott, O A. E. Mouton, Mississippi. J. B.Planche. 4. S. AAT. Downes. 1. 2. A. Fox, J. AV. Matthews, Jos. Bell 3. H. S. Foote, Indiana. R. H. Boone. 4. Jefferson Davis. 1. 2.3. 4. James G. Reed, AVilliam A. Bowles, Elijah New-land, J. M. Johnston, Samuel E. Perkins, 5. (i. AVilliam AV. AVick, P. C. Dunning, Austin M. Puett, Illinois. G.N: Fitch. 8. H. AY. Ellsworth, 9. Charles AV. Cathcart, 10. John Gilbert. 1.2. 3] A. AV. Cavarly, J.D.Wood, John Dement, AViUis Allen, 5. Isaac N. Arnold, A. C. French, Michigan. AVilliam A. Richardson. 6. John Calhoun. 7. Norman H. Purple. 1. Lewis Beaufait, P. S. Paulding, 2. Charles P. Bush, George Redfield. 3. Samuel Axford. APPENDIX. 473 R.B.AArathall, 1. W.R.Hallett, 2. Dixon Hall, 3. Thomas S. Mays, AV. W.Izard, 1. AV. S.Oldham. James S. Green, 1. W.P.Hall, 2. William Shields, Alabama. 4. J. J. Winston, 5. J. A.Nooe, Arkansas. Missouri. 3. AV. C.Jones, 4. Franklin Cannon, Daniel Hubbard. 6. Jeremiah Clemens, 7. AVilliam B. Martin. Solon Borland. AVilliam A. Hall. 5. William L. Sublette. SIXTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1849. Zachary Taylor was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Mas sachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylva nia, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Florida — 163 votes. Lewis Cass received the entire vote of Maine, New Hamp shire, Virginia, South Carolina, Ohio, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Mis souri, Arkansas, Michigan, Texas, Iowa, and AVisconsin — 127 votes. Millard Fill more was elected Vice-President, receiving 163 votes ; while AVilliam 0. Butler received 127. The Electors were : Rufus Mclntire, 1. H.J.Anderson, 2. A. Wiswell, 3. O. L. Sanborn. Samuel Tilton, 1. Joseph H. Smith, 2. J. Eastman, Levi Lincoln, 1. E. Dwight, 2. D. Adams, 3. Albert Fearing, 4. Isaac Livermore, William Sprague, 3. J.T.Rhodes, Maine. 4. A. Masters, 5. E.L.Osgood, New Hampshire. 3. R. H.Ayer, Massachusetts. 5. B.F.Thomas, 6. M. Lawrence. 7. A. Howland, Rhode Island. 2. R. Babcock. Thomas D. Robinson. 6. Asa Clark, 7. D. R. Straw. Jesse Bowers. 4. Simeon AATarner. David Pingree. 8. H. A. S. Dearborn, 9. William Baylies, 10. AVilliam K. Easton. George G. King. T. W. AVilliams, 1. E.Jackson, Connecticut. ,2. J, McClellan, Solomon Olmsted. 3. J. B. Ferris. Erastus Fairbanks, 1. George T. Hodges, 2. A.Tracy, Vermont. A.L. Catlin, Timothy Follett. 4. E.Cleveland. 474 APPENDIX. H.H.Ross, 1. A.T.Rose, 2. George Benson, 3. J. M. Cross, 4. J. C. Cruger, 5. D.Lord, 6. T.D.Bull, 7. Jo. Hoxie, 8. J.S.Smith, 9. J. Whittemore, 10. Robert Dorian, 11. J.Seymour, 12. C.F.Crosby, John Runk, 1. J. Brick, 2. Robert V. Armstrong, New York. 13. J. McKie, 34. B.J.Clark, 35. S. Freeman, 16. J.A.Collier, 17. I.C. Duff, 18. J.Bradley. 19. AVilliam B. Welles, 20. Daniel Larkin, 21. Charles R. Barstow, 22. O.Poole, 23. D. Kellogg, New Jersey. 3. Charles Burroughs, 4. C. Howell, George Griswold. 24. B.F.Harwood, 25. S. Francher, 26. J. Davenport, 27. E.Sheldon, 28. D.E. Sill, 29. M. Butterfield, 30. William Kelchum, 31. E.D.Smith, 32. 0. P.Haskall, 33. Asa Chatfield, 34. Solomon Parmalee. Isaac V. Brown. 5. Peter I. Ackerman, Thomas M. T 1. John P. Sanderson, 2. AV. G.Hurly, 3. J. G. Clarkson, 4. Francis Tyler, 5. J. P. Wetherill, 6. H. Johnson, 7. J. M. Davis, 8. AVilliam Calder, Pennsylvania. McKennan, Charles Snyder. 9. Thomas AV. Duffield, 17. I. Landes, 10. William Mcllvaine, 13. J. Dungan, 12. Charles W. Fisher, 13. Daniel E. Hitner, 14. A.G. Curtin, 15. J.D.Steele, 16. Thomas R. Davidson, 18. Joseph Markle, 19. Joseph Schomacher, 20. David Agnew, 21. A.M. Loomis, 22. Thomas H. Sill, 23. Richard Irwin, 24. Samuel A. Purviance. P. Reybold, 1. G. H. AVright. W. L. Gaither, 1. Joseph S. Cottman, 2. J. P. Roman, J. S. Millson, 1. F. E. Rives, 2. Henry A. AVise, 3. H. L. Hopkins, 4. Thomas Sloane, 5. AV. P. Bocock, Delaware. Maryland. 3. J. M. S. Causin, 4. J. M. Starris, Virginia. 6. G. B. Samuels, 7. AV. M. Tredway, 8. John Letcher, 9. S. F. Leake, 10. John B. Floyd, Samuel Cotts. A. G. Ege. 5. B. C. AATicker, 6. J. C. Derickson. R. G. Scott. 11. J. S. Barbour, Sr., 12. A. G. Pendleton, 13. H. A. AATashington, 14. Samuel L. Haynes, 15. O. AV. Largefit. Kenneth Rayner, 1 . Edward Stanley, 2. AV. H. AVashington, 3. George Davis, North Carolina. 4. J. AAlnslow, 5. John Kerr, 6. Rawley Galloway, South Carolina. H. AV. Miller. 7. Jas. AY. Osborne, 8. Tod R. Caldwell, 9. John Baxton. Benjamin F. Perry, 1. Thomas Lehre, 4. AV. J. Hanna, 2. J. L. Manning, 5. N. R. Eaves, 3. P. C. Caldwell, Alexander Ervins. 6. J. B. Campbell, 7. Benjamin G. Allston. APPENDIX. 475 William Terrell, 1. H. W. Sharpe, 2 W Aiken 3. AVilliam H. Crawford, A. Dixon, 1. L. Lindsay, 2. J. L. Johnson, 3. F. E. McLean, 4. William Chenault, Georgia. 4. Asbury Hull, 5. A. W. Redding, 6. Y. P. King, Kentucky. 5. T. W. Lisle, 6. M. D. McHenry, 7. B. R. Young, Seaton Grantland. 7. William Moseley, 8. George Stapleton. M. V. Thomson. 8. Leslie Coombs, 9. A. Trumbo, 10. W. C. Marshall. James C. Jones, 1. T. A. R. Nelson, 2. A. G. Watkins, 3. R. B. Brabson, 4. John L. Goodall, Tennessee. John Netherland. 5. William Kercheval, 9. A. Goodrich, 6. S. E. Rose, 10. G. D. Searcy, 7. J. S. Brien, 11. C. H.AVilliams. 8. William Cullom, L. Byington, 1. J. Sniden, 2. George Kesling, 3. J. Kinney, 4. G. Volney Dorsey, 5. C. M. Godfrey, 6. S. Diffenderfer, 7. S. M. Littell, Jacques Joutant, 1. M. J. Carcia, 2. C. Adams, Jr., Ohio. 8. D. T. Swinney, 9. Lewis Anderson, 30. John Lidey, 11. William Lawrence, 12. William J. Fry, 13. Joseph Burns, 14. W. McDonald, Louisiana. 3. John Moore, Samuel Starkweather. 15. D. A. Starkweather, 16. J. B. Butler, 17. H. B. Payne, 18. A. Ives, 19. John Caldwell, 20. John Glover, 21. AranS. Murphy. J. P. Benjamin. 4. J. G. Campbell. J. A. Quitman, 1. D. B.Wright, 2. J. A. Ventress, Robert Dale Owen, 1. N. Albertson, 2. C. L. Dunham, 3. AVilliam M. McCarty, 4. Charles H. Test, I. Manning, 3. M. Sweney, 2. C. Lansing, 3. William Martin, John A. AVinston 1. J. E. Saunders, 2. Lewis M. Stone, 3. Francis S. Lyon, Mississippi. J. AV. Chalmers, 3. William McWillie, 4. G. AV. L. Smith. • J. C. Welborn, 1. Abraham McKinney, 2. B. T. Massey, Indiana. 5. James Ritchey, 6. George W. Carr, 7. I. M. Hanna, E. M. Chamberlain. 8. Daniel Mace, 9. G. N. Fitch, 10. A. J. Harlan. Illinois. Ferris Foreman. 4. H. W. Vandervier, 6. M. E. Hollister, 5. S. S. Hayes, 7. W. L. Furgerson. Alabama. Columbus W. Lee. 4. James Armstrong, 6. C. C. Clay, Jr., 5. J. J. Seibels, 7. James F. Dowdell. Missouri. 3. E. B. Ewing, 4. James H. Rolfe, G. D. Hall. 5. Tristam Polk. 476 APPENDIX. John Martin, 1. James Yell. John S. Barry, 1. Rix Robinson, Jackson Morton, 1. J. H. Mcintosh. Arkansas. Michigan. 2. H. C. Thurber, Florida. John S. Krane. L. M. Mason. 3. AA'illiam T. Howell. Samuel Spencer. James B. Miller, 1. AA7illiam C. Young, A. C. Dodge, 1. Joseph AVilliams, Texas. 2 M. A. Dooley. Iowa. 2. Lincoln Clark. AA'isconsin. F. Huebschmann, 1. AVilliam Dinwiddie, 2. D. P. Mapes. T- G. Brooks. J. J. Seiman. Samuel F. Nicholas. SEVENTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1853. Franklin Pierce was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Ala bama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, AAlsconsin, and California — 296. AArinfield Scott received the vote of Vermont, Massachusetts, Tennessee, and Kentucky — 12. AVilliam R. King was elected Vice-President, receiving 254 votes ; while AVilliam A. Graham had 42. The Electors were : R. Mclntire, 3. G. F. Shepley, 2. R. Lowell, H. Hubbard, 1. J. A. Douglass, Portus Baxter, 1. E. P. AValton, R. C. AVinthrop', 1. George Bliss, 2. J. Gardner, 3. R. G. Shaw, 4. George Coggswell, George Turner, 1. A. Eddy, Maine. 3, J. H. Fuller, 4. 0. Moses, New Hampshire. 2. S. AVebster, ATERMONT. 2. E. Kirkland, Massachusetts. J. H. AV. Page. 5. E. Torrey, 9. J. Coggin, 6. George A. Crocker, 10. R.Bullock, 7. Amos Lawrence, 11. E. R.Colt. 8. Daniel C. Baker, J. C. Talbot. 5. D. Richardson, 6. J. AV. Tabor. L. Jones. 3. N. B. Baker. A. P. Lyman. 3. L. Adams. Rhode Island. 2. J. Spink. A. Ballon. A PP END IX. 477 Connecticut. Thomas H. Seymour, 3, A. P. Hyde, 3. S. Bingham, 2. Charles Parker, S. B. Piper, 1. P. S. Crooke, 2. E. B. Litchfield, 3. R. T. Compton, 4. J. M. Marsh, 5. I. Murphy, 6. William H. Cornell, 7. G. F. Conover, 8. A. F. Vache, 9. E. Suffern, 10. Alexander Thompson, 11. Zadock Pratt, Peter D. A'room, 3. William S. Bowen, 2. G. Black, H. McCandless, 1 . N. B. Eldred, 2. Peter Logan, 3. George H. Martin, 4. I. Miller, 5. F. AV. IBockius, 6. R. McCoy, Jr., 7. A. Apple, 8. N. Strickland, 9. A. Peters, New York. 32. L. Van Buren, 13. J. Pierson, 14. J. W. Bishop, 15. C. Vosburgh, 16. Thomas Crook, 17. AV. C. Crain, 18. William Taylor, 19. C. S. Grinnell, 20. AV. C. Beardsley, 21. L. J. AValworth, 22. D. A. Ogden, New Jersey. 3. P. B. Kennedy, 4. J. N. Taylor, Pennsylvania. 10. D. Fister, 11. R. E. James. 12. J. McReynolds, 13. Pardon Damon, 14. H. C. Eyer, 15. J. Clayton. 16. Isaac Robinson, 17. H. Fetten, N. Belcher. 4. William F. Taylor. Charles O'Connor. 23. T. H. Hubbard, 24. T. G. McDowell, 25. S. G. Hathaway, 26. F. C. Divinny, 27. D. De Wolf, 28. D. Warners, 29. J. C. Collins, 30. T. B. Skinner, 31. William Vandervoort, 32. W. L. G. Smith, 33. Benjamin Chamberlain. William AVright. 5. E. A. Stevens. Robert Patterson. 18. J. Burnside, 19. M. McCaslin, 20. J. McDonald, 21. AV. S. Callahan, 22. A. Burke, 23. William Dunn, 24. J. S. McCalmont, 25. George K. Barrett. J. Merritt, 1. Henry Bacon. R. M. McLane, 1. J. Parren, 2. R. H. Alvey, M. Cooke, 1. T. Rives, 2. AV. E. Flournoy, 3. J. Goode, Jr., 4. R. G. Scott, 5. H. A. AVise, Delaware. Maryland. AVilliam I. Clark. 3. Carroll Spence, 4. C. J. M. Gwinne, Virginia. 6. R. L. Montague, 7. James Barbour, 8. R. Tucker, 9. George E. Denealc, C. Humphries. 5. J. A. Wickes, 6. E. K. AVilson. A. II. Dillard. 10. James McDowell, 13. J. B. Floyd, 12. M. H. Johnson, 13. Z. Kid well. James C. Dobbin, 1. Burton Craigo, 2. AV. F. Leak, 3. Robert P. Dick, G. Cannon, 1. J. H. Adams, 2. R. F. AV. Allsfon, North Carolina. 4. A. Rencher, 5. L. O. B, Branch, 0. Samuel J. Person, South Carolina. 3. I. F. Marshall, 7. M. E. Carn, AVilliam H. Thomas. 7. D. G. AV. Ward, 8. Thomas Bragg. Thonias P. Brockman. 5. W. D. Porter, 6. C. G. Memminger 478 APPENDIX. AVilson Lumpkin, 1. T. M. Foreman, 2. E. H. Clarke, 3. H. G. Lamar, Jesse Coe, 1. J. C. Smith. J. A. AA'inston, 1 . F. S. Lyon, 2. J. S. Seibels, 3. C. AV. Lee, E. C. AATilkinson, 1 W. II. Johnson, 2. O. R. Singleton, E. AVarren Moise, 1 . J. B. Planche, 2. Thomas O. Moore, George AV. Smyth, 1 . L. D. Evans. Georgia. H. V. Johnson. 4. H. A. Haralson, 7. R. AV. Flournoy, 5. I. E. Brown, 8. AVilliam Schley. 6. AVilliani L. Mitchell, Florida. McQueen Mcintosh. Alabama. E. Saunders. 4. L. M. Stone, 6. C. C. Clay, Jr., 5. James Armstrong, 7. J. S. Dowdell. Mississippi. A. M. Jackson. 3. J. H. E. Taylor, 5. Hiram Casseday. 4. U. S. Featherston, Louisiana. T. Landry, Texas. T. G. Davidson. 4. R. W. Richardson. R. S. Neighbors. H. M. Rector, 1. T. B. Flournoy, G. A. Henrv, 1. N. G. Taylor, 2. H. Maynard, 3. George Brown, 4. S. M. Fife, J. F. Bell, 1. L. Anderson, 2. J. S. McFarland, 3. J. G. Rogers, 4. Thomas E. Bramlette, Arkansas. 2. B. T. Duval. Tennessee. 5. J. Stokes, 6. J. M. Davidson, 7. E. R. Osborne, J. A. Carter. AAllliam T. Haskell. 8. J. A. McEwen, 9. A. G. Shrewsbuiy, 10. J. R. Moseby. Kentucky. Charles S. Morehead. 5. J. L. Holm, 8. J. Rodman, 6. C. F. Burnan, 9. L. M. Cox, 7. Thomas F. Marshall, 10. Thomas B. Stevenson. Ohio. AV. McLean, AA'illiam Palmer. 1. B. Burns, 8. H. J. Jewett, 15. Joseph Kyle, 2. J. B. Damble, 9. E. G. Dial, 36. J. Finley, 3. Charles Rule, 10. AV. O. Key, 17. F. Cleveland, 4. AVilliam Golden, 11. L. H. Steedman, 18. 8. D. Harris, 5. G. AV. Stokes, 12. C. H. Mitcbener, 19. E. T. Wilder, 6. 0. Keyser, 13. C. J. Orton, 20. E. H. Haines, 7. R. C. Cunningham, 14. E. T. McArtor, Michigan. 21. B. T. Johnson. J. S. Barry, ¦ P. J. Campau, 1. A. Edwards, 3. Salmer Sharpe, 4. John Stockton, 2. AArilliam McCauley, APPENDIX. 479 1. 2.3. 4. John Pettit, J. H. Lane, A. F. Morrison, J. F. Read, W. C. Larabee, 5. 6. 7. 8. Indiana. Jas. S. Athon, George B. Buell, Jas. S. Hester, Samuel A. Hall, Nathaniel -Balton. 9. E. Dumont, 10. A. H. Brown, 11. J. M. Talbott. 1. 2.3. J. A. McClelland, John Calhoun, E. G. Sanger, E. P. Ferry, 4. 5.6. Illinois. Vierby Benedict, D. L. Gregg, E. O'Melveny, Richard J. Hamilton. 7. Jas. Mahon, 8. Joseph Knox, 9. C. A. Warren. 1. 2. 3. E. D. Bevritt, H. F. Gary, AVm. D. McCracken, C. F. Jackson, 4. 5. Missouri. J. D. Stevenson, C. F. Holly, Alexander Kayser. 6. J. M. Gatewood, 7. Robert E. Acock. 1. J. E. Fletcher, A. Hall, 2, Iowa. AV. E. Leffingwell, George H. AVilliams. 1. M. M. Cothren, B. Brown, 2. AVlSCONSIN. Philo White, Charles Billinghurst. 3. S. Clark. 1. AAT. S. Sherwood, J. AV. Gregory, 2. California. Andrew Pico. Thomas J. Henley. EIGHTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1857. James Buchanan was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, Florida, Texas, and California — 373. John C. Fremont received the entire vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Michigan, Iowa, and Wisconsin — 114. Millard Fillmore received the vote of Maryland — 8. John C. Breckinridge was elected Vice-President, receiving 173 votes ; while AAr. L. Dayton had 114, and A. J. Donelson 8. The Electors were : Noah Smith, Jr., 1. James Morton, 2. Isaac Gross, W. H. H. Bailey, 3 . Daniel Clarke, AV. C. Bradley, 1. L. Brainard, Thomas Colt, 3. J. A7inson, 2. A. B. Wheeler, 3. G. R. Russell, 4. George Odiorne, Maine. 3. K. Crockett, 4. E. Swan, S. Perham. 5. A. P. Emerson, 6. M. H. Pike. New Hampshire. Thomas L. Whitton. Thomas M. Edwards, 3. J. H. White. George AV. Strong. 3. Portus Baxter. A^ermont. 2. John Porter, Massachusetts. Julius Rockwell. 5. L. B. Marsh, 9. J. S. C. Knowlton, 6. George H. Devereux, 10. Charles E. Forbes, 7. James M. Usher, 11. ITranklin Ripley. 8. J. Nesmith, 4S0 A P P E ND I X . Rhode Island. E. AY. Lawton, Isaac Saunders. 1. AVilliam P. Bullock, •> William D. Brayton. Connecticut. H. Dutton. J. Catlin. 1. Thomas Clark, 3. Wm. A Buckingham, 4. S. AY. Gold. 2, E. Spencer, New York. M. H. Grinnell, Tt iomas Carnley. 3. J. 8. AYadsworth, 32. H. H. A'an Dyck, 23. A. Davenport, •j E. Field, 3 3. J. S. Belcher, 24. Le Roy Morgan, 5! M. Tompkins, 34. J. C. Hulbert, 25. E. Burnham, 4. J. P. Jones, 15. D, D. Conover, 26. M. H. Lawrence, 5. J. P. Stanton. 36. J. D. Kingsland, 27. J. B. Williams, 6. E. Cooke, 37. S. Stilwell, 28. Isaac L. Endress, 7. James Kennedy, 38. D. Cady, 29. F. Clarke, 8. R. A. Barnard, 39. R. S. Hughston, 30. W. S. Mallory, 9. H. Raster, 20. W. S. Sayre, 31. AY. Keep, 10. J. G. McMurrav, 23. J. S. Lynch, 32. R.Wheeler, 13. J. Kelly, 22. D. H. Marsh, New Jersey. 33. Delos E. Sill. E. A. Stevens. G. F. Fort. 3. Benjamin F. Lee, o. D. A' on Fleet. 5. George AA". Savaj-'. 2. H. L. Little, 4. H. A. Ford, Pennsylvania. Charles E. Buckalew, AY . McCandless. 1. G. W. Nebin^er, 30. Isaac Stenker, 18. J. D. Roddy, 2. P. Butler, 31. F. AY. Hughes, 19. J. Turney. * 3. E. W.irtman, 12. T. Osterhout, 20. James A. T. Buchanan, 4. AViUiam H. AYitte, 13. A. Edinger, 21. WilUam Wilkins, ~, J. McNair, 14. E. AYilbur, 22. J. C. Campbell, 6. J. H. Brinton, 15. George A. Crawforc 1, 23. Thomas Cunningham, - D. Laury, 10. James Black, 24. J. Keattev, 8 Charles Kessler, 37. H. J. Stahle, 26. A'. Phelps. 9. James Patterson, Delaware. George C. Gordon H. Ridgeley. 1. Charles Wright. Maryland. J. D. Roman, James Wallace. 1. R. Goldsborough, 3. C. L. L. Leary, 5. F. A. Sehlev, S' E. H. AYebster, 4. Thomas Swanu, A'ieginia. 6. A. R. Sollers. E. AA". Massenbmj A. H. Dillard. 1. T. H. Campbell, 6. R. L. Montague, 10. A. G. Pendelton, 2. James Garland. - James Barbour, 11. J. B.Flovd, 3. J. Goode, Jr., 8. J. R. Tucker. 12. S.L.Hayes, 4. Alexander Jones, 9. J. J. Harris, 13. Sherrard Clemens. William B. Taliaferro. North Carolina. H. M. Shaw, 1. W.F.Martin. 2. WilUam P. Blow, 3. M.B.Smith, 4. G. H. Wilder, 5. S.E.Williams, 6. Thomas Settle, Jr S. P. Hill. 7. R.P. AYariug, 8. AY. AAr. Avery. APPENDIX. 481 South Carolina. J. A. Inglis, I. W.A.Owens, 2. B.T. Watts, W. H. Stiles, 1. J.L.Harris, 2. L. J. Gartrell, 3. Thomas M. Fournan, M. A. Long, 1. George W. Call. W. L. Yancey, 1. L.P.Walker, 2. J.G.Barr, 3. A. B. Meek, C. S. Tarpley, 1. J. F. Cushman, 2. J. A. Orr, C. J. Villerre, 1. T.Landry, 2. J.McVea, AVilliam R. Scurry, 1 A.J.Hood, L. H. Hempstead, 1. J. J. Green, 3. J.J.Pickens, 4. J. Chestnut, Jr., Georgia. 4. J. W. Lewis, 5. S.Hall, 6. J. P. Simmons, Florida. J. L. Noell. 5. F.AV. Pickens, 6. J. L. Manning. J. N. Ramsay. 7. J. P. Saffold, 8. T.W.Thomas. AV. D.Barnes. Alabama. 4. J. D. Bathers, 5. J. L. Pugh, Mississippi. 3. B.Matthews, 4. AVilliam M. Estelle, Louisiana. 3. T.O.Moore, Texas. 2. A. J. Hamilton. Arkansas. 2. J. McCoy. J. AV. A. Sandford. 6. W.O.Winston, 7. J. L.M.Curry. J. W. Matthews. 5. H.T.Ellett. AV. A. Elmore. 4. H.Cray. M. D. Ector. N. B. Burrow. W. H. Polk, 1. J. G. Harris, 2. E. L. Gardenhire, 3. S.Pawel, 4. E. A. Keeble, E. Hise, 1. J.W.Stevenson, 2. S. Cravens, 3. I.T.Hawkins, 4. B. Magoffin, C. B. Smith, 1. J.Perkins, 2. R. M. Corwine, 3. P. Odlin, 4. J. S.Conklin, 5. William Taylor, 6. E.P.Evans, 7. AV.H.P.Denny, Tennessee. 5. J. M. McKenry, 6. J.H.Thomas, 7. J. J. Brown, D.M.Key. 8. G. G. Poindexter, 9. J. D. C. Atkins, 10. D.M. Currin. Kentucky. J. A. Finn. 5. George W. AVilliams, 8. R. W. AVoolley, 6. Benjamin F. Rice, 9. R. H. Stanton. 7. William D. Reed, 10. Hiram Kelsey, Ohio. 8. J. R. Hubbell, 9. R. G. Pennington, 10. F. Cleaveland, 31. J.Welch, 12. D. Humphrey, 13. H. D.Cooke, 14. E.Pardee, J. B. Stallo. 15. J.M.Hodge, 16. Davis Green, 17. M. Pennington, 38. J. S. Herrick, 19. A.Wilcox, 20. J. Dumas, 21. A. E. Burs. 31 482 APPENDIX. F. C. Beaman, 1. H. Chamberlain, 2. AV.H.Withey, G. N. Fitch, 1. S.H.Buskirk, 2. J. M. Hanna, 3. W.T.Parrett, 4. I. S. McClelland, A. M. Herrington, 1 . M. L. Joslyn, 2. Hugh Maher, 3. E.HoUoway, D. F. Miller, 1. W.M.Stone, A. Olvera, 1. P. Delia Torre, J. B. Henderson, 1. W. Y. Slack, 2. J.N.Burns, 3. J. AV. Torbert, E. D. Holton, 1. I. H. Kuowlton, Michigan. 3. C.H.Miller, Indiana. 5. S. K.AVolfe, 6. O. Evarts, 7. S. W. Short, 8. F.P.Randall, Illinois. 4. I. P. Richmond, 5. S. AV. Moulton, 6. O. B.FickUn, Iowa. 2. H.O.Connor. California. 2. A.C.Bradford. Missouri. 4. J.T.Coffee, 5. F. Kenneth, AA'isconsin. 2. Billie AVilliams, 0. Johnsou. 4. Thomas J. Drake. M. M. Ray. 9. D.D.Jones. 10. S. Mickle, 11. E.Johnson. C. H. Constable. 7. W. A. J. Sparks, 8. J. A. Logan. H. T. Downev. George Freaner. J. B. Benjamin. 6. AV. D. McCracken, 7. L. Cooke. W. D. Mclndoe. 3. G. Menzel. NINETEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1861. Abraham Lincoln was elected President, receiving the vote of California, Connec ticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hamp shire, New Jersey, (4,) New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, A'ermont, and AA'isconsin — ISO. John C. Breckinridge received the vote of Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Caroline, and Texas — 72. John Bell received the entire vote of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia — 39. Stephen A. Douglas received the vote of Missouri and New Jersey (3) — 32. Hannibal Hamlin was elected ATice-President. receiving 180, while Joseph Lane received 72, Eward Eveiett 39, and Herschel A7. Johson 12. The electors were: AA'illiam "Willis, 1. Louis O. Cowan, 2. Daniel Howes, John Sullivan, 1. David Gillis, George Storey, 1 . James H. Mitchell, 2. John M. Forbes, 3. Charles Mattoon, 4. John G. Whittier, Maine. Abner Coburn. 3. George AAT. Pickering, 5. Andrew Peters, 4. AVilliam McGilvery, 6. William M. Reed. New Hampshire. Ebenezer Stevens. 2. Nathaniel Tolles, 3. Daniel Blaisdell. Massachusetts. Alfred Macv. 5. John Nesmith, 9. Aniasa AA'alker, 6. Charles B. Hall, 30. Peleg AV. Chandler, 7. Reuben A. Chapman, 13. Charles Field. 8. Gerry AY. Cochrane, APPENDIX. 483 Rhode Island. Thomas G. Turner, Latimer W. Ballou. 1. Elisha Harris, 2. David Buffurn. AVilliam Henry, 1. Joseph AVarner, Vermont. Henry G. Root. Edward A. Cahoon, 3. D. AV. C. Clarke. Connecticut. Chauncey F. Cleveland, 1. Samuel Austin, 3. Benjamin Douglas, 2. Augustus Brandegee, New York. William C. Bryant, Roger S. Baldwin. 4. Frederick AVood. 1. John A.King, 2. Andrew Carrigan, 3. Frederick Kapp, 4. AVilliam A. Darling, 5. Rufus H. King, John F. Winslow, N. Edson Sheldon, Henry Churchill, 67 8 9. Benjamin N.Huntington, 20. Jacob H. Ten Eyck 10. John J. Foote, 21. Robert S. Hale, 11. AVilliam Van Marter, 22. James R. Allaben, 32. Frank L. Jones, 13. Ezra M. Parsons, 14. John Greiner, Jr., 15. Edwards W. Fiske, 16. James Kelly, 17. AArashington Smith, 18. William H. Robertson, 19. Jacob B. Carpenter, James 0. Putnam. 23. Sherman D. Phelps, 24. Hiram Dewey, 25. John E. Seeley, 26. James S. Wadsworth, 27. Charles C. Parker, 28. James Parker, 29. Sigismund Kaufmann, 30. George M. Grier, 31. Abijah Beckwith, 32. James L. Voorhees, 33. Elisha S. AVhalen. William Cook, 3. Theodore Runyon, 2. Joseph C. Hornblower, James Pollock, 3. Edward C. Knight, 2. Robert P. King, 3. Hemy Bumm, 4. Robert M. Foust, 5. Nathan Hilles, 6. John M. Broomall, 7. James AV. Fuller, 8. David E. Stout, 9. Francis AV. Christ, Samuel Jefferson, 1. Robert B. Houston. E. Lewis Lowe, 1. Elias Griswold, 2. John Brooke Boyle, Thomas Bruce, 1. Lemuel J. Bowden, 2. John J. Jackson, 3. F.T.Anderson, 4. B.H.Shackelford, 5. A.B.Caldwell, Alfred M. Scales, 1 . John W. Moore, 2. AVilliam B. Rodman, 3. AVilliam A. Allen, New Jersey. 3. George H. Brown, 4. Edward AV. Ivins, Joel Parker. 5. Charles E. Elmer. Pennsylvania. Thomas M. Howe. 10. David Mumma, Jr., 18. Samuel Calvin 11. David Taggart, 12. Thomas R. Hull, 13. Francis B. Penneman 14. Ulysses Mercur, 15. George Bressler, 16. A. Brady Sharpe, 17. Daniel O. Gehr, 19. Edgar Cowan, 20. William McKennan, 21. John M. Kirkpatrick, 22. James Kerr, , 23. Richard P. Roberts, 24. Hemy Souther, 25. John Greer. Delaware. Maryland. 3. Joshua Vansant, 4. T. Parkin Scott, John Mustard. James L. Martin. 5. John Ritchie, 6. James S. Franklin. Virginia. 6. L. H. Chandler, 7. Joseph Christian, 8. WiUiam Lamb, 9. John R.Edmunds, North Carolina. 4. A. W. Venable, 5. J. R. McLean, 6. John M. Clement, Marmaduke Johnson. 10. James Lyons, 11. Richard B. Claybrook, 12. AVilliam IT. Anthony, 13. J. AV. Massie. Edward Naham Haywood. 7. J. A. Fox, 8. John A. Dickson. 484 APPENDIX. South Carolina. Andrew P. Calhoun, 1. Thomas Y. Simmes, 3. George P. Elliott, 2. John AA'illiams, 4. Tilman AA'atson, AVilliam E. Martin. 5. Joseph F. Gist, 6. Robert G. McCaw. A. H. Colquitt, 1. Peter Cone, 2. AVilliam M. Slaughter, 3. O.C.Gibson, Georgia. 4. Hugh Buchanan, 5. Lewis Tumlin, 6. Hardy Strickland, H. R.Jackson. 7. W.A.Lofton, 8. AA'illiam M. Mcintosh AY. H. AVadsworth, 1. Q.Q.Quigley, 2. S.A. Seavell, 3. William Sampson, 4. AA'. A. Hoskins, Bailie Peyton, J. AY. Deaderich, 0. P. Temple, Alfred Caldwell, S. S. Stanton, Frederick Hassaurek, 1. Benjamin Eggleston, 2. AVilliam M. Dickson, 3. Frank McAA'hiney, 4. John Riley Knox, 5. Dresden W. H. Howard, 6. John 51. Kellum, 7. Nelson Rush, 0. Rosseau, 1. Trasimond Landry, 2. B. B. Simmes, A.K.Blythc, 1. Thomas AY. Harris, 2. Richard Harrison, S 9.' 10. 11. 12.13. 14. Kentucky-. E. L. Aran Winkle. Phil Lee, 8. John M. Harlan, AVilliam M. Fulkerson, 9. John B. Huston, William C. Bullock, 10. AA'. S. Rankin. Tennessee. N. G. Taylor. Ed. J. Golloday, 8. John F. House, AVilliam F. Kercheval, 9. Alvin Hawkins, John C.Brown, 10. Benjamin D. Nabers Ohio. Joseph M. Root. Abraham Thomson, 15. Joseph Ankeny, John F. Henkle, Hezekiah S. Bundy, Daniel B. Stewart, Richard P. L. Baber, John Beatty, Willard Slocum, 16. Edward Ball, 17. John A. Davenport, 18. AVilliam K. Upham, 19. Samuel B. Philbrick, 20. George AA'. Brooke, 21 . Norman K. Mackenzie. Louisiana. 3. J.G.Olivier, Mississippi. 3. P.F.Liddell, 4. J. B. Chrisman, John L. Mansfield, 1. M. C. Hunter, 5. 2. Nelson Trusler, 6. 3. John Hanna, 7. 4. James N. Tyner, 8. Leonard Sweet, 3 . Lawrence AYeldon, 2. James Stark, 3. Henry P. H. Bromwell, David Hubbard, 3. J. S. Dickinson, 2. Ely S. Shorter, 3. C. A. Battle, Indiana. David O. Dailey, AVill Cumback, John AY. Ray, John H. Farquhar, Illinois. John M. Palmer, AVilliam B. Plato, Alabama. 4. J. AV. Garrott, 5. John S. Kennedy, B. Avegno. 4. AV. M. Levy. J. A. Green. 5. Livingston Minis. Cyrus M. Allen. 9. Reuben H. Riley, 10. Samuel A. Huff, 13. Isaac Jenkinson. Allen C. Fuller. 7. James C. Conkling, 8. Thomas G. Allen, 9. John Olney. John T. Morgan. 6. R. C. Brickell, 7. R. AY. Cobb. APPENDIX. 485. Missouri. John B. Henderson, 1. John B. Hale, 4. Mordecai Oliver, 2. James F. V. Thomson, 5. E. T. AVingo, 3. George G. Vest, Arkansas. William W. Floyd, 1. William W. Leake, 2. George W. Taylor. Michigan. Hezekiah G. AVells, 1. George W. Lee, 3. Philotas Hayden, 2. Edward Dorsch, Florida. Texas. 2. John A. Wharton. Iowa. Fitz Hemy Warren, 1. M. L. McPherson, 2. Charles Pomeroy. George W. Call, 3 . J. Myrick Gorrie. M. D. Graham, 3. A. T. Rainey, Robert S. Bevier. 6. Francis Hagan, 7. Richard H. Stevens. Theodric F. Sorrels. Rufus Hosmer. 4. Augustus Coburn. J. Patton Anderson. Thomas M. Waul. Joseph A. Chapline. AA'alter D. Mclndoe, 1. J. Allen Barber, Charles A. Washburn, 1. Charles A. Tuttle, Stephen Miller, 1. Clark W. Thompson, T. J. Dryer, 1. AVilliam II. AVatkins. AVisconsin 2. AVilliam W. Vaughan California. 2. Antonio M. Pico. Minnesota. 2. Charles McClure. Oregon. Bradford Rixford. 3. Herman Linderman. AV. H. AA'eeks. William Pfaender. B. J. Pengra. TWENTIETH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION— 1865. Abraham Lincoln was elected President for a second term, receiving the votes of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Missouri, Kansas, AVest Virginia, Oregon, California, and Nevada — 212. George B. McClellan received the vote of New Jersey, Delaware, and Kentucky — 21. Andrew Johnson was elected Vice-President, receiving 212 ; while George H. Pen dleton received 21. The Electors were: John B. Brown, 1. R. M. Chapman, 2. John N. Swasey, Maine. Abner Stetson. 3. Going Hathem, 5. B. P- Gilman. 4. AVilliam P. Frye, New Hampshire. Daniel M. Christie, AVilliam H. Y. Haskett. 1. A. H. Dunlap, 2. Allen Giffin, 3. Henry 0. Kent. 486 APPENDIX. Edward Everett, 3 . Richard Borden, 2. John M. S. AVilliams, 3. Stephen M. AVeld, 4. JohnAA7ells, R. B. Cranston, 1. Rouse Babcock, Daniel Kellogg, S. M. Dorr, John T. AA'ait, 1. James G. Batterson, 2. Frederick A. Benjamin, Horace Greeley, 1 . Obadiah Browne, 2. George Ricard, 3. Thomas B. Asten, 4. Guy R. Pelton, 5. Charles L. Beale, 6. Cornelius L. Allen, 7. Allen C. Churchill, 8. John R. Knox, 9. John E. Seelev. 10. AVilnam Bristol, 11. James S. T. Stranahan, AVilliam Paterson, 1. Thomas McKeen, 2. F. S. Lathrop, Massachusetts. 5. Artemas Hale, 6. John G. AVhittier, 7. Levi Lincoln, AA'hiting Griswold. 8. George Putnam, 9. George L. Davis, 30. AVilliam S. Clarke. Rhode Island. AA'illiam L. Slater. 2. Simon Henry Greene. A'ermont. 2. R. Fletcher, A. L. Catlin. 3. James AA". Simpson. Connecticut. Oliver F. AYinchester. 3. Samuel C. Hubbard, 4. Sabin L. Sayles. New York. Preston 12, 13,14, 15,16. 17. 18.39. 20.21. Abram J. Dittenhoefer, Isaac T. Smith, Alexander Davidson, Thaddeus Hait, Alonzo AA7". Morgan, Ebenezer Blakeley, Thomas Kingsford, Jedediah Dewey, Joseph Candee, AA'illiam H. McKinney, King. George Opdyke, James W. Taylor, John Tweddle, Hiram Horton, John Clarke, George AY. Bradford, Myron H. Weaver, John P. DarUng, James AUey, John W. Stebbins. New Jersey-. Furman L. Mulford. AVilliam P. McMichael, 5. Charles R. Cornwall. John McGregor, Morton McMichael, 1. R.P.King, 2. AA'illiam H. Kern, 3. Robert Parke, 4. Edward Halliday, 5. Charles H. Shriner, 6. D. AY. AA'oods, 7. Samuel B. Dick, 8. Everard Bierer, A7ictor DuPont, 1. Harberson Hickman. AY. J. Albert, 3. AV. H. W. Farrow, 2. Isaac Nesbit, 9. 30.11. 32. 33. 34. 15. 10. Pennsylvania. Morrison Coates, Barton H. Jenks, AA'illiam Taylor, Charles F. Read, John P. Clark, Isaac Benson, John P. Penney, Richard H. Corgell, Delaware. Thomas Cunningham. 17. Henry Humm, 18. CM. Runk, 19. John A. Hiestarn, 20. EUas AA'. Hale, 21. D . McC onaugley , 22. John Patton, 23. C.McJunkin, 24. J. AA7. Blanchard. Ayers Stockly. Maryland. Henry H. Goldsborough. 3. AA7illiam Smith Reese, 5. P. Stockett Matthews. 4. George W. Sands, Thornton F. Marshall, 1. T. A. Duke, 4. 2. William Barbour, 5. 3. G. S. Shanklin, 6. Kentucky'. B. C. Ritter, B. F. Bullode, H. Taylor, John B. Huston. 7. F. L. Cleveland, 8. A. H.AYard, 9. G. W. Dunlap. APPENDIX. 487 Ohio. John M. Connell, 1. John K. Green, 2. Stephen Johnston, 3. Henry W. Smith, 4. AVilliam Sheffield, 5. James R. Stanberg, 6. Lorenzo Danford, 7. Abner Kellogg, David S. Gooding, 1. James C. Dennis, 2. Leonidas Sexton, 3. Jonathan J. AVright, 4. James B. Belford, John P. Buhn. 8. Stanley Matthews, 14. Lewis B. Yunckel, 9. William L. AValker 15. Mills Gardner, 10. Ozias Bowen, 16. Jacob Scraggs, 11. George A. AValker, 17. Henry F. Page, 12. John H. McCombs, '18. Frederick AV. AVood, 13. John McCook, 19. Seth Marshall. Indiana. R. AV. Thompson. 5. John M. Wallace, 9. Timothy R. Dickinson, 6. Cyrus T. Nixon, 10. H. R. Pritchard, 7. Benjamin F. Claypool, 11. Robert P. Davidson. 8. John Osborn, John Dougherty, 1. Benjamin M. Prentiss, 2. M.T.Hopkins, 3. AVilliam Walker, 4. James C. Conkling, 5. N.M.McCurdy, Illinois. 6. James S. Poage, 7. Thomas AV. Harris, 8. Zelotes S. Clifford, 9. John V. Farwell, 10. Henry S. Baker, Francis A. Hoffman. 11. Austin S. Miller, 12. John J. Bennett, 13. Franklin Blades, 14. John A7. Eustace. C. D. Drake, 1. Lucien Eaton, 4. 2. Harrison J. Lindenbower, 5. 3. J.C.Parker, 6. Robert R. Beecher, 1. Thomas D. Gilbert, 3. 2. 0. D. Conger, 4. William W. Field, 1. George C. Northrop, 3. 2. Henry J. Turner, 4. Charles Benjamin Dar 1. John Van Volkenburg, 3. 2. G. C.Mudgett, 4. AA'arner Oliver, 1. C. Maclay, 2. Charles H. Lindsley, 1. J. G.Betze, 2 Missouri. Barnabas Smith, W. Smith Ingham, Joseph C. Kilian, Michigan. F. Walldorf, George W. Back, Wisconsin. Jonathan Bowman, Henry F. Belitz, Iowa. win, Samuel S. Burdett, B. T. Hunt, California. Samuel Brannan, Minnesota. J. W. Morford. S. 0. Scofield. 7. G.R.Smith, 8. C. Carpenter, 9. Thomas G. C. Fagg. Marsh Giddings. 5. Christian Eberbach, 6. J. Eugene Teuney. Henry L. Blood. 5. Allen Warden, 6. Alexander S. McDill. William Thompson. 5. Frank W. Palmer, 6. Henry C. Henderson. William W. Crane. 3. J. G. McCallum. J. N. Murdoch. R. McBratney, 1. Chester Thomas. James F. Gazley, 1. George L. Wood. Kansas. Oregon. W. F. Cloud. H. N. George. 488 APPENDIX. West Virginia. Ellery R. Hall, AVilliam E. Stevenson. 1. J.H.Atkinson, 2. Edward C. Bunker, 3. Robert S. Brown. Nevada. Alexander AA'. Baldwin, Stephen T. Gage. [This State was entitled to a third Elector, but the person chosen died before attend ing the College of Electors.] THE SUPREME COURT OF THE EXITED STATES. CHIEF JUSTICES. John Jay, of New York, appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, September 26, 1789. Nominated April 16, and confirmed April 19, 1794, Envoy Extraordinary to England. Resigned as Chief Justice. Successor appointed July 1, 1795. John Rutledge, of South Carolina, appointed July 3, 1795, in recess of Senate, in place of John Jay, resigned, and presided on the bench at August Term, 1795. Nomi nated December 10, and rejected by the Senate December 15, 1795. William Cushing, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed, &c, January 27, 1796, in place of John Jay, resigned. Declined the appointment. Hewas then an Associate, Justice. Oliver Ellsworth, of Connecticut. Nomination confirmed and appointed, &c, March 4, 1796, in place of W. Cushing, declined. Appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to France, Februaiy 27, 1799. He presided on the bench at the August Term, 1799. Proceeded on his mission to France, November 3, 1799. Resigned as Chief Justice. Successor appointed December 19, 3800. John Jay, Governor of New York. Nomination confirmed and appointed, &c, December 39, 3800, in place of OUver Ellsworth, resigned. Declined the appointment. John Marshall, Secretary of State." Nomination confirmed January 27, and ap pointed, &c., January 31, 3803, in place of John Jay, decUned. Died in 1835. Roger B. Taney, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed, &c, March 15, 1836, in the place of John Marshall, deceased. Died in AA'ashington City, October 12, 1864. Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, appointed and confirmed December 6, 1864, in the place of R. B. Taney, deceased. ASSOCIATE JUSTICES John Rutledge, of South Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed Septem ber 26, 1789. Resigned, and Thomas Johnson appointed. William Cushing, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed September 26, and ap pointed September 27, 1789. Died, and Levi Lincoln appointed. James Wilson, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed September 26, and ap pointed September 29, 1789. Died, and Bushrod AA7ashingtou appointed. John Blair, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed September 26, and appointed Sep tember 30, 1789. Resigned, and Samuel Chase appointed. Robert H. Harrison, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed September 26, 1789. Resigned, and James Iredell appointed. * John Marshall, Secretary of State, was nominated to the Senate as Chief Justice, January 20, 1801, was confirmed on the 57th. commissioned on the 31st, and presided on the bench of the Supreme Court from the 4th to the 9th of February, or during February Term, 1801. From a message of the President to Congress, accompanied by a report from John Marshall, Secretary of State, dated February 27, 1801, it appears that he also continued to act in the latter capacity until that day, and, from other circumstances, that he continued to act as such until March 3, 1801, on which day the then administration terminated. A P P EN D I X. 489 James Iredell, of North Carolina. Appointed in recess of Senate, in placo of Robert H. Harrison, resigned. Nomination confirmed and appointed February 10, 1790. Died, and Alfred Moore appointed. Thomas Johnson, of Maryland. Appointed August 5, 1791, in recess of Senate, in place of John Rutledge, resigned. Nomination confirmed and appointed November 7, 1791. Resigned, and WilUam Paterson appointed. William Paterson, Governor of New Jersey. Nomination confirmed and ap pointed March 4, 1793, in place of Thomas Johnson, resigned. Died, and Brockholst Livingston appointed. Samuel Chase, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 27, 1796, in place of John Blair, resigned. Died, and Gabriel Duval appointed. Bushrod AVashington, of Virginia. Appointed September 29, 1793, in recess of Senate, in place of James Wilson, deceased. Nomination confirmed and appointed December 30, 1798. Died, and Henry Baldwin appointed. Alfred Moore, of North Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed Decem ber 10, 1799, in place of James Iredell, deceased. Resigned, and AVilliam Johnson appointed. William Johnson, of South Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 26, 1804, in place of Alfred Moore, resigned. (Confirmed and appointed Col lector of the Customs Februaiy 22, 3819, and declined the appointment.) Died in 1834, and James M. Wayne appointed. Thomas Todd, of Kentucky. Nomination confirmed March 2, and appointed March 3, 1807. Brockholst Livingston, of New York. Appointed November 10, 1806, in recess of Senate, in place of William Paterson, deceased. Nomination confirmed and ap pointed December 17, 1806. Died, and Smith Thompson appointed. Levi Lincoln, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 3, 3833, in place of AVilliam Cushing, deceased. Declined the appointment, and John Quincy Adams appointed. John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed February 22, 1811, in place of Levi Lincoln, declined. Declined the appointment, and Joseph Story, appointed. Joseph Story, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed November 18, 1811, in place of John Quincy Adams, declined. Died, and Levi Woodbury ap pointed. Gabriel Duval, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed November 18, 3811, in place of Samuel Chase, deceased. Resigned, and Philip P. Barbour ap pointed. Smith Thompson, of New York. Appointed September 1, 3823, in recess of the Senate, in place of Brockholst Livingston, deceased. Nomination confirmed and ap pointed December 9, 1823. Died, and Samuel Nelson appointed. Robert Trimble, of Kentucky. Nomination confirmed and appointed May 9, 1826, in the place of Thomas Todd, deceased. Died, and John McLean appointed. John McLean, of Ohio. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 7, 1829, in the place of Robert Trimble, deceased. Died April 4, 1861. Henry Baldwin, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 6, 1830, in place of Bushrod AVashington, deceased. Died, and R. C. Grier, appointed. James M. Wayne, of Georgia. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 9, 1835, in place of William Johnson, deceased. Philip P. Barbour, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 15, 1836, in place of Gabriel Duval, resigned. Died, and P. V. Daniel appointed. John Catron, of Tennessee. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 8, 1837. Died May 30, 1865. William Smith, of Alabama. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 8, 1837. Declined the appointment, and John McKinley appointed. John McKinley, of Alabama. Appointed April 22, 3837, in recess of the Senate, in place of William Smith, declined. Nomination confirmed and appointed September 25, 1837. Peter V. Daniel, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 3, 1843, in place of Philip P. Barbour, deceased. Samuel Nelson, of New York. Nomination confirmed and appointed February 14, 1845, in place of Smith Thompson, deceased. 490 APPENDIX. Levi AVoodbury, of New Hampshire. Appointed September 20, 1845, in recess of the Senate, in place of Joseph Story, deceased. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 3, 1846. Died September 7, 1853. Robert C. Grier, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed and appointed August 4, 1846, in place of Henry Baldwin, deceased. Benjamin Bobbins Curtis, of Massachusetts. Appointed during the recess of the Senate, iu place of Levi AVoodbury, deceased. Nomination confirmed and appointed December 20, 1853. Resigned. James A. Campbell, of Alabama. Appointed Mar;h 22, 3853. Resigned May 1, 1863. Nathan Clifford, of Maine. Appointed January 28, 1858. Noah H. Sway'NE, of Ohio. Appointed January 4, 3862. Samuel H. Miller, of Iowa. Appointed July 16, 1862. David Davis, of Illinois. Appointed December 8, 1862. Stephen J. Field, of California. Appointed March 10, 1363. CLERKS OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. John Tucker, of Massachusetts, appointed Februaiy 3, 1790. Resigned. Samuel Bayard, of Delaware, appointed August 1, 1791. Resigned. Elias B. Caldwell, of New Jersey, appointed August 35, 3800. Died. William Griffith, of New Jersey, appointed Februaiy 9, 1826. Died. AVilliam T. Carroll, District of Columbia, appointed January 20, 1327. T. Wesley Middleton, District of Columbia, appointed in 3862. Present in cumbent. REPORTERS OF DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT. Alexander J. Dallas, reported from 3789 to 1800, inclusive. William Crancit, Henry Wheaton, Richard Peters, Jr., Benjamin C. Howard, Jeremiah S. Black, John AVilliam Wallace, 1803 to 3835, 3836 to 3827, 3828 to 1842, 1843 to 3862, 1862 to 1864, 1864. Present incumbent. MARSHALS OF THE UNITED STATES ATTENDANT ON THE SUPREME COURT. Under the construction of the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Marshals of all the Districts were required to attend the sessions of the Supreme Court, until, by the Act of June 9, 1794, the Marshal of the District alone in which the Court shall sit was required to attend its sessions. A P P E N D 1 X. 491 David Lenox, Marshal of the District of Pennsylvania, attended from January 28, 1794, to February, 1801. Daniel Carroll Brent, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from August 3, 3803, to August, 3808. Washington Boyd, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from February, 1, 1808, to August, 1818. Tench Ringgold, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from November 30, 1818, to August, 1831. Henry Ashton, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from February 4, 1831, to Februaiy, 3834. Alexander Hunter, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from March 6, 1834, to December, 3848. Robert Wallace, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from December 5, 1848, to December, 1849. Richard AA7allach, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from December 4, 1849, to May, 1853. Jonah D. Hoover, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from May 31, 1853, to April, 1858. William Selden, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from April 1, 1858, to 1861. Ward H. Lamon, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from 1861 to June, 1865. D. S. Gooding, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from June, 1865. [Court meets first Monday in December, at AVashington.] UNITED STATES COURT OF CLAIMS. Chief Justice Joseph Casey. Judge Edward G. Loring. Judge David Wilmot. Judge Ebenezer Peck. Judge C. C. Nott. MINISTERS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. A LIST OF DIPLOMATIC APPOINTMENTS MADE BETWEEN 1789 AND 3866, BOTH INCLUSIVE. An asterisk prefixed to a uamo indicates that the individual has been a member of Congress, and that furtlier information concerning him may be found, under the proper head, in the body of the work. En. Ex. and Min. Pleu. signifies Envoy Extraordinary and Minister I'lenipotentiary. Name. Adams, Charles F Adams, John Q. * Adams, John Q. *. Adams, John Q. *. Adams, John Q. *. Adams, John Q. *. Allen, Heman Alvord, Dennis R. Anderson, Charles E. Audersou, Richard C* En. Ex. ami Min. PI™ i Great Britain . . Minister Resident „... Netherlands... Minister Plenipotentiary Portugal .do..do. .do..du. Prussia . Russia . . Eu. Ex. and Min. Plen * Great Britain Minister Plenipotentiary . Secretary of Legation .. -do do Minister Plenipotentiary . Chili Great Britain . France Colombia When ap pointed. 18611794 1796 3797 18091815 18231805 18361823 Authorized in 1795 to exchange tho ratifi cations of Jay's treaty of 1794 with Great Britain; in 1797, to negotiate concerning the renewal of the treaty between the United States and Sweden ; in 1813, jointly with Albert Gallatin and James A. Bayard, to meet, under the mediation of Russia, a Minister from Great Britain, and negotiate a treaty of peace; in 1814, jointly with James A. Bayard, Albert Gallatin, Henry Clay, and Jonathan Russel, to negotiate a treaty with Great Britain at Ghent. Appointed in 3826, jointly with John Sergent, En. Ex. and Min. Plen. to the Assembly of American Nations pro posed to be held at Panama. Angel, Benjamin F- Appleton, John* . . Appleton, John" ... Appleton, John* ... Appleton, J. A Appleton, John J . . Appleton, John J .. Appleton, John J._. Appleton, John J .. Armstrong, John* . Ashboth, Alexander, Aulick, John H Baber, Ambrose - . Bacon, John E Bagby, Arthur P.* Bainbridge, Williai Balestier, Joseph. . Bancroft, George.. Banks, AV.AV Barbour, James* Barlow, Joel , Barnard, Daniel D.* . Barringer, Daniel M.' Barrow, Washington* Barry, William T.*-. Barton, Seth. Barton, Thomas P. . . Minister Resident Charge' d'Affaires Secretary of Legation Chargfi d'Affaires Minister Plenipotentiary . Secretary of Legation do do Charge d'Affaires do do Minister Plenipotentiary . Minister Resident — Captain U. S. Navy. Cbarge d'Affaires Secretary of Legation Envoy and Minister Plenipo tentiary Captain U. S. Navy Special Agent En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Secretary of Legation . . . En. Ex. and Min. Plen.. Minister Plenipotentiary - En. Ex. and Min. Plen.. do do Charge' d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen . . Charge d'Affaires Secretary of Legation . . . Sweden Bolivia Great Britain. ....do Russia Portugal .... Spain Two Sicilies.. Sweden France Argentine Confeder ation Japan Sardinia . Russia- . ...do... Algiers . Great Britain - Brazil Great Britain- France Prussia Spain Portugal Chili . . . France . 185718481853 18551860 1819 3822 382538261804 3866 1853 384118583848 38151849 3846 1857 1828183 3 3850 3849 1843 183518471833 Appointed, jointly with James Bowdoin, Com. Plen. and Ex. to negotiate a treaty with Spain. Authorized to negotiate a treaty with Japan. Appointed, jointly with AA7. Shaler and S. Decatur, to negotiate a treaty with Algiers. Authorized to negotiate treaties with Siam, Anam, and Bruni. In 1849 authorized, jointly with Richard Rush, to negotiate a postal treaty with Great Britain and France. to oto Ministers to Foreign Countries — Continued. Cilice ilayard, James A. Minister Plenipotnliaiy Bayard, Jnmes A. * I En. Ex. and Min. Plen . Bayard, Richard II.* ; Charge d'Affaiios Baylies, Francis* ! do do Bedinger, Hemy" j do do Bedinger, Henry* Minister Resident. Bcelen, Frederic A. Beelen, Frederic A. Belmont, Augustus. Benton, Alien A Eergh, Henry Bidlack, Benjamin A *. Bigelow, John Bigelow, Johu Bigler, John. Bissell, AVilliam It.*... Blackford, AVilliam M. Blatchford, R. M Blceeker, Hermanns* . Blow, Henry T.* Blunt, Joseph Borden, James AV Borland, Solon* Boulware, AA7illiam. Secretary of Legation do do Charge d'Affaires Minister Resident Secretary of Legation Charge d'Affaires Charge d'Affaires ad interim. En. Ex. and Min Pleu do do Charge d'Affaires do do Minister Resident Charge d'Affaires Minister Resident Commissioner do En. Ex. and Min. Plen Charg6 d'Affaires Two Sicilies Place. France . Russia Belgium Buenos Ayres . . . Denmark ....do Central America . Chili Netherlands Now Granada. ... Russia New Granada France Franco Chili Buenos Ayres, New Granada Rome Netherlands A7enezucla' China Hawaii Central America... When ap pointed. 1801 1815 185018321853 18541853185418531861 1863 18451864186518571853 3842 3862 1839 3861 1851 1858 1853 1841 Remarks. Appointed in 3833, jointly with J. Q. Adams and Albert Gallatin, to negotiate with Great Britain, under the mediation of Russia ; aud in 1814, with Jonathan Russell, John Q. Adams, Henry Clay, and Albert Gallatin, to negotiate treaties with Great Britain at Ghent. Appointed Envoy to Russia; declined. Appointed and confirmed in December, soon after the death of AV. L. Dayton. Appointment declined. Authorized to negotiate treaties with Nic aragua and Honduras. Bowdoin, James Com. Plen. and I Bowlin, James B.* Bowlin, James B.* Boyd, James McHenry. Breckinridge, John C*. Brent, Thomas L. L Brent, Thomas L. L Brent, Thomas L. L Brent, AVilliam, Jr Brodhead, John R Brown, Ethan A Brown, George Brown, James* Brown, John P Brown, John P Brown, John P.. Brown, Neil S. Browning, AA7. A Bryan, John A Buchanan, James* Buchanan, James" Buchanan, James M - - - . Buekalcw, Charles R. * . . Bmlingame, Anson* Burlingame, Anson Burton, Allen A Butler, Anthony Butler, Edward G. AV... Calhoun, AA'illiam R Cambreling, Churchill C. Cameron, Simon* Campbell, G. AV.* Campbell, James H.* ... Campbell, Lewis D.* Carmichael, AVilliam Minister Resident Commissioner Secretary of Legation , En. Ex. aud Minister.. Secretary of Legation do do Charge d'Affaires . do do Secretary of Legation Charge d'Affaires Commissioner En. Ex. and Min. Plen.. Dragoman. .'. ....do Secretary and Dragoman . En. Ex. and Min. Plen .. Secretary of Legation - . . Charge d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen . . En. Ex. and Min. Plen .. Minister Resident do do Minister Plenipotentiary. — do do Minister Resident Secretary of Legation. . . . do do do do En. Ex. and Min. Plen . Minister Plen. and Ex . En. Ex. and Min. Plen . Minister Resident En. Ex. and Min. Plen . Charge d'Affaires. Spain . New Granada Paraguay Great Britain Spain ....do Portugal do Buenos Ayres Great Britain Brazil Sandwich Islands. France Turkey '.'.'.'.iio'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'Y.y. Russia Mexico Peru Russia Great Britain Denmark Ecuador Austria China U. S. of Colombia. Russia Prussia France Russia ...do ....do Sweden & Norway- Mexico Spain 1804185418581846 1855 1814 1822 1825384418461830184338233836 3842 38581850 18601844183238533858 1858 38633861186118561856 18571840 1862 18181864 38651790 Appointed, jointly with John Armstrong, to negotiate a treaty with Spain Appointment declined. Appointed in 3819 to exchange ratifica tions of a treaty with Spain. Died in AVashington, March 2, 1866. Authorized in 1853 to negotiate a treaty with Bavaria; in 3854, to negotiate a treaty with Hanover. Transferred to China. *B*0 to Authorized, jointly with AVilliam Short, to negotiate with Spain concerning the navigation of the River Mississippi, &c. Ministers to Foreign Countries — Continued. Carr, Dabney S Cartter, D. K.* , Cass, Lewis* Cass, Lewis, Jr Cass, Lewis, Jr Cat heart, James 1. . .. Cathcart, James L ... Cathcnrt, James L - .. Cavery, Z. B Cazneau, W. L Chandler, Joseph R.* Chase, Franklin Chauneey, Isaac Chew, AVilliam AV . Chinn, Thomas W (_:lark, Franklin 11 . Clarke, Beverly L.. Clarke, Beverly L.. Clay, Cassius M ... Clay, Green Clay, Henry* Clay, James B.' Clay, JohnR.. Clay, John R — Clay, John K . . . Clay, John It. - Clay, John 3-J. . Clay, John R. . Minister Resident do do En. Ex. and Min. Plen Charge d'Affaires Minister Resident Consul Consul General Consul Secretary of Legation Commissioner Minister Resident Consul General Captain United States Navy. Seeretary of Legation . . . Charge d'Affaires Secretary of Legation. . - Minister Resident do do Min. Plen. and En. Ex . Secretary of Legation . . . Min. Plen. and Ex Charge d'Affaires Secretary of Legation — Charge d'Affaires Sceutary of Legation — do do Chargd d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen . Turkey Bolivia Franco Papal States . . . Pontifical States Tripoli Algiers Tunis Peru Dominican Rep. Two Sicilies Mexico Algiers Russia Two Sicilies. Brazil Guatemala . ,. Honduras. . . Russia Italy Ghent Portugal . Russia ...do.... Austria . . liussia. .. Peru ....do When ap pointed. 38431863183638491854179718021803 18551854 1853180418163837 3849 18511858 18581861 1861 1814 1849183018361838 184518471853 In 1797, authorized, jointly with S. O'Brien and AA7. Eaton, to negotiate a treaty with Tripoli. Authorized, jointly with AVilliam Shaler, to conclude a treaty with Algiers. Authorized, jointly with John Q. Adams, Jonathan Russell, James A. Bayard, and Albert Gallatin, to negotiate a treaty with Great Britain. Clay, Thomas H_... Clemson, Thomas G. Clifford, Nathan*... Clifford, Nathan*... Coggeshall, William T. Cogswell, Joseph G-. . Collins, Samuel P Conklin, Alfred* Cook, Edwin F Cooley, James Corwin, Thomas* Corwin, William II Corwin, AVilliam II.. Cox, Ferdinand Cox, SamuelS.* Crawford, AVilliam H. Czapkey, L. J Cripps, John Crosby, E. 0 Cramp, AVilliam.. Culver, Erastus D. Curtin, Jeremiah- . Cushing, Caleb*. . Cushing, Caleb Cushing, Couitland. Cushman, John F Dallas, George M.* Dallas, George M.* Dallas, Philip N-.- Dana, Francis* Dana, John AV Daniel, John M Minister Resident Charge d'Affaires Commissioner En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Minister Resident Secretary of Legation. Consul En. Ex. and Min. Plen Secretary of Legation Charge d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen Secretary of Legation Charge d'Affaires ad interim. Secretary of Legation do do Minister Plenipotentiary Consul General Secretary of Legation. Minister Resident Charge^ d'Affaires Minister Resident Secretary of Legation- Commissioner En. Ex. and Min. Plen . Charge d'Affaires Minister Resident En. Ex, and Min. Plen. ...do do Secretary of Legation.. En. Ex. and Min, Plen. Minister Resident do do Honduras . Belgium - . Mexico ... ...do Ecuador Spain Morocco . Mexico Chili Peru Mexico ....do ....do Brazil Peru France Danubian Principal ities. Mexico Guatemala Chili Venezuela T - . Russia China China Ecuador Argentine Confede ration. Russia Great Britain ....do France Bolivia Sardinia 186318441848 1848 3866184238543e52386538263861 38633865 38513855 1833 3866 38531861 3844 3862 3865 38433843 3850 38593837385638563797 1854 3854 Appointed, with A. H. Sevier, Commis sioners, with the rank of Envoy Ex traordinary and Minister Plenipoten tiary, to treat jointly or severally with Mexico. Appointment declined. Special duties, of a diplomatic character, were assigned to him. *c to Resigned, in 1866. In 1844, authorized to negotiate with Japan. Declined the appointment. Ministers to Foreign Countries — Continued. CDCO Office. Davezac, Augusto j Secretary of Legation Davezac, Auguste | Charge d'Affaires Davezac, Auguste do do Davezac, Auguste. . . Davie, William R... Davis, John C. B . - - Davis, John AV. * .. . Dayton, AVilliam L.* Dearborn, Henry, Sr. do do Eu. Ex. and Min. Res. . Secretary of Legation. . Commissioner Min. Plen. and En. Ex. En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Deas, AVilliam Allen j Charge d'Affaires Decatur, Stephen Captain United States Navy. Depew, Cliauncey M Minister Resident De AVitt, Charles G. Dickerson, Mahlon* Dickinson, Andrew B... Dickinson, Andrew 11... Dillon, Romain Dimitry, Alexander Charge d'Affaires Eu. Ex. and Min. Plen. Minister Resident Minister and En. Ex... Secretary of Legation.. Minister Resident Dix, John A.* Dodge, Augustus C*. Donelson, Andrew J. Donelson, Andrew J. Donelson, Andrew J. Drycr, Thomas J . Eavnes, Charles.. . Fumes, Charles — Minister Resident En. Ex. and Min. Plen . C h ar g<5 d 'Affaires En. Ex. aud Min. Plen. do do Commissioner do Cbarg6 d'Affaires . Netherlands .. ...do Two Sicilies . . Netherlands . . France Great Britain. China France Portugal Great Britain . Algiers Japan Central America Russia Nicaragua ....do Brazil Costa Rica and Ni caragua. Netherlands Spain Texas Prussia Federal Government of Germany. Sandwich Islands. ....do Venezuela When ap pointed. 1829 38313833 184537993849 184838611822 37953815 186518331834 1861 1863 1858135918661855181418461848 186118491854 Died in Paris, December 2, 1864. Authorized, jointly with AVilliam Shaler and William Bainbridge, to negotiate a treaty. Declined. *«^aft ',to oCo Ministers to Foreign Countries— Continued. Mann, AVilliam G-... Marling, John L Marriott, James G . ¦ - Marsh, George P.* . . . Marsh, George P.*... Marshall, Humphrey* Marshall, John* Martin, Jacob L. .. Martin, John J Mason, John Mason, John Y.* .. Massey, Thomas E. Maxcy, Virgil Maxwell, John S. . . McAfee, R. B McBride, James McCall, Edward M McCluny, Alexander K . McCurdy, Charles J McLane, Louis* McLane, Louis* McLane, Robert M.*... McLane, Robert M.*... Meade, Richard K.* Meade, Richard K.* Medary, Samuel Melville, Gansevoort Meyer, Brantz Middleton, Arthur, Jr. . Middleton, Arthur, Jr.. Office. Secretary of Legation . . . Minister Resident Secretary of Legation . . . Minister Resident Min. Plen. and En. Ex. Commissioner En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Charge' d'Affaires Secretary of Legation do do En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Secrelary of Legation. . . Charge d'Affaires Secretary of Legation . . . Charge d'Affaires Minister Resident Minister Resident Charge d'Affaires ...do do En. Ex. and Min. Plen. do do Commissioner En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Charg6 d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen . do do Secretary of Legation . . . do do do do do do Brazil Guatemala . Peru Turkey Italy China France Papal States Peru Mexico Franco Chili Belgium .... Russia New Granada Hawaiian Islands. ...do Bolivia Austria Great Britain ...do China Mexico Sardinia Brazil Chili Great Britain Mexico Spain do . . When ap pointed. 1854 1854 1853 1849 186118521797 1848 3853182338533853 1837 384218333863 18661B49 185038293845 1853 1859185318571853 1845 18411833 1836 O Appointed jointly with Charles C. Pinck ney and Francis Dana. Died in Paris October 3, 1859. In 1836 appointed with full power to treat with Ecuador. fa, 8s*Cto Resigned in 1860. Middleton, Henry* Miller, Horace H.. Miller, William. .. Minor, William T. Monroe, James* .. Monroe, James* . . Moore, Thomas P.* Moran, Benjamin Morgan, Christopher Morgan, George AV Morgan, Thomas J Morris, Edward J. * Morris, Edward J.* Morris, Gouverneur* Morris, Gouverneur' Morris, Isaac E Motley, John L Motley, John L Muhlenberg, Henry A.* Murphy, Henry C.*.- ... Murphy, AA7illiam S Murphy, AVilliam S Murphy, AV. AV Murray, AVilliam A7.*. Murray, William V.* Navoni, Nicholas Nelson, Hugh* Nelson, John* Nelson, Thomas A. R . Nelson, Thomas H En. Ex. and Min. Plen.. Charg6 d'Affaires do do Consul General Minister Plenipotentiary . do do, En. Ex. and Min. Plen Secretary of Legation Consul General Minister Resident Secretary of Legation Charg6 d'Affaires Minister Resident Commissioner Minister Plenipotentiary Commissioner Secretaiy of Legation En. Ex. and Min. Plen do do Minister Resident Special and Confidential Agent. Charge d'Affaires . Consul General . . . Minister Resident En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Dragoman Minister Plenipotentiary. Charge' d'Affaires Commissioner En. Ex. and Min. Plen.. Russia Bolivia Guatemala . . Havana France Great Britain Colombia Great Britain Cuba Portugal Brazil Two Sicilies Turkey Great Britain France New Granada Russia Austria ...do Netherlands Central Am. Confed eration. Texas Hanseatic and Free Cities Netherlands , France Turkey Spain Two Sicilies. China Chili 18201852182518643794 1803 1829 18571863 385818471850 18633789 1792 38433841 ' 1861 18381857 3843 3843186117971799183118233833 38531861 Appointed in 1803, jointly with Robert R. Livingston, to negotiate with France, and with Charles Pinckney, to nego tiate with Spain. In 1806 appointed, jointly with AVilliam Pinckney, Commissioner Plenipoten tiary and Extraordinary to negotiate with Great Britain. U"Bto Resigned in 1840. Appointed, jointly with Oliver Ellsworth and Patrick Henry. o Ministers to Foreign Countries — Continued. Niles, Nathaniel Niles, Nathaniel Niles, Nathaniel O'Brien, Smith Ogle, Andrew J.* . . , O'Sullivau, John L O'Sullivan, John L Owen, Robert D.*... Owen, Robert D.* .. Page, Thomas J Palmer, Robert M . Parker, Peter Parker, Peter Parrott, William S . . Partridge, James R . Peck, H. E Peden, James A . Peden, James A . Pendleton, John S.* Pendleton, John S.* Pennington, AV. S . Perry, H. S Perry, Horatio J . . . Peyton, Bailie* Piatt, Donn Oflie.'. Secretary of Legation . Special Agent Charg*) d'Affaires Consul General Charge d'Affaires do do Minister Resident Charge d'Affaires Minister Resident Lieutenant U. S. Navy Minister Resident. Secretary and Interpreter Commissioner Secretary of Legation Minister Resident Commissioner and Consul Gen eral. Charge d'Affaires Minister Resident .do .do. ChargS d'Affaires Secretary of Legation . . do do do do En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Secretary of Legation . . France Sardinia ...do Algiers Denmark . . . Portugal Two Sicilies. ....do Argentine Confede ration. China ....do Mexico San Salvador Hayti Buenos Ayres ....do Argentine Confede ration Chili France Spain do Chili France When ap pointed. 1830 1838 3848 1797185218541854185318541853 1861 3845 1855 1341 1863 1865 18541854 18513841 18611861184918491854 Tti-mai-ks. Died before accepting the appointment. Authorized, jointly with R. C. Schenck and J. S. Pendleton, to negotiate with Paraguay, and in 1854 to exchange ratifications. In 1852 appointed, with R. C. Schenck, to negotiate treaties with Uruguay and Paraguay. Authorized to negotiate with Paraguay, & c. Pickens, Francis AV. Pickett, John C Pickett, John C Pike, James S Pinckney, Charles* .. Pinckney, Charles* .. Pinckney, Charles C . Pinckney, Charles C. Pinckney, Thomas. Pinckney, Thomas . Pinkney, AVilliam* . Pinkney, William*. Pinkney, AVilliam* . Pinkney, AVilliam* . Pinkney, AVilliam* . Poinsett, Joel R.*.. Polk, AVilliam H.x Pollard, Richard.. Porter, David Porter, David Porter, David Potter, John F.*.. Powers, James M... Preble, AVilliam P.. . Preston, AVilliam* . . . Promt, George H.*. Pruyn, Robert II... Pryor, F. Roger* . . . Raguet, Condy Randall, A. W Randolph, John* Reed, AVilliam B.... En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Secretary of Legation Charge' d'Affaires Minister Resident Secretary of Legation Minister Plenipotentiary . ... do do En. Ex. and Min. Plen.. Minister Plenipotentiary En. Ex. and Min. Plen Commissioner Plen. and Ex traordinary. Minister Plenipotentiary do do....' En. Ex. and Min. Plen Minister Resident En. Ex. and Min. Pleu Charge d'Affaires . do do Consul General. .. Charge' d'Affaires. Minister Resident- Consul General. .. Charge d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen . do do do do Minister Resident Special Agent Charge' d'Affaires Minister Resident Ex. Ex. and Min. Plen. do do Russia Colombia Peru Bolivian Con federation. Netherlands Russia Spain France ...do Great Britain. Spain Great Britain. ...do ...do Russia Two Sicilies. Mexico Two Sicilies Chili Algiers Turkey ...do British North Ame rica. Two Sicilies Netherlands Spain Brazil Japan Greece Brazil Rome Russia China 1858 1829 183818611838 3801 1796 3797 37921794 1806 18061808181618161825 13451834183018311839186418441828185818433801185538251861 1830 1857 In 1838 authorized to negotiate with Ecuador. In 1797 appointed, jointly with John Marshall and Francis Dana, and subse quently Elbridge Gerry, to negotiate with France. Appointed, jointly with Jame3 Monroe, to negotiate with Great Britain. Iu 1827 appointed, jointly with John Sergeant, Envoy to the Congress at Panama. St. *3 *0i>to O Ministers to Foreign Countries — Continued. Name. Office. Place. When ap- pointed. Remarks. 18431846 1852 18611842 3829 3849 38331861 1833 1826 1823 38403866 3848 1837 181738361847 3834 379618583849186318461838 1848 Rich William Great Britain En. Ex. and Min. Plen ...do Cochin China, Siam, and Muscat. Robinson, Christopher* En. Ex. and Min. Plen Special Agent Secretary of the Mission to Panama. Rodney, Caesar A.* Minister Plenipotentiary Buenos Ayres Rowan, John* Charge d'Affaires Secretary of Legation Two Sicilies Great Britain ....do ....do En. Ex. and Min. Plen Minister Plenipotentiary Appointed, jointly with John Q. Adams, Henry Clay, and Albert Gallatin, to negotiate with Great Britain. Chili Sanford, Henry S Saunders, Romulus M.* Minister Resident En. Ex. and Min. Plen Consul Gautemala Authorized to negotiate with the Repub lic of Central America. CnOCO *0*ahito Schenck, Robert C*. Schroeder, Francis . Schroeder, Francis. Schurz, Carl Seaton, Gales Seebles, J. J Seebles, J. J Semple, James* . Sergeant, John*. Severance, Luther* .. Severe, Ambrose H.* . Seward, George F Seymour, Thomas II.* Shaler, William Shannon, James Shannon, Wilson* .. Sheldon, Daniel Shields, Benjamin G. Short, AVilliam Short, AVilliam Short, AVilliam Shufeldt, Robert AV.. Sickles, Dauiel E.* . . .Sickles, Daniel E.*.. Slidell, John* Slidell, John* Slidell, Johu* Smith, Buckingham . Smith, Delaron Smith, John A Smith, John A Smith, John A Smith, John A Smith, John C Ex. Ex. and Min. Plen. Charg6 d'Affaires Minister Resident En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Secretary of Legation. . Charge' d'Affaires Minister Resident Charg6 d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Commissioner ....do Consul General Eu. Ex. and Min. Plen . Commissioner Charge' d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Secretary of Legation . . . Charg6 d'Affaires do do Minister Resident do do Consul General Secretary of Legation . . . Minister Resident En. Ex. and Min. Plen. do do do do Secretary of Legation . . . Special Agent Secretary of Legation. - . do do do do do do Mnister Resident Brazil Sweden ....do Spain Federal Government of Germany. Belgium ....do New Granada Panama Sandwich Islands . Mexico China Belgium Algiers Central America Mexico France Venezuela France Netherlands Spain Cuba Great Britain Netherlands Mexico ....do Central America Spain Ecuador Great Britain Spain France Russia Bolivia 185218491854186118491853185418373826 38531848186118531815183218441816 18451790 179217941861185518661843384538531855184418151825 1828 18291858 Authorized to negotiate with Uruguay and Paraguay. Appointed, jointly with Joel R. Poinsett, to the Assemblage of Nations at Pa- Appointed, jointly with Isaac Chaurcey, to negotiate a treaty. Appointed, in 1794, jointly with AVilliam Carmichael, to negotiate with Spain. ta. *a to Ministers to Foreign Countries— Continued. Smith, John S. Smith, Nicholas Smith, T. B Smith, AV.* Smith, WilliamS.*.... Somerville, William C . . Soul§, Pierre* Spence, Carroll Stanton, Stephen K Starkweather, David A.* Steele, J. Nevitt* Steel, AVilliam H Stevenson, Andrew* Stiles, AVilliam II.* . Stockton, John P.*.. Squier, Ephraim G.. Squire, Ephraim G-. Sumpter, Thomas* . . Sumpter, Thomas* . . Taylor, Bayard Taylor, Edward T. . . Ten Eyck, Anthony. Thayer, AV. S Thompson, AVaddy*. Thornton, James B.. Throop, Enos T.* Tod, David Todd, Charles S. Secretary of Legation. Minister Resident Secretary of Legation . . . Minister Plenipotentiary. Secretary of Legation .*. . Charge d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen . . Minister Resident Secretary of Legation. . . En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Charge d'Affaires do do En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Charge' d'Affaires Minister Resident Charge d'Affaires Commissioner Secretary of Legation Minister Plenipotentiary. Secretary of Legation ---do do Commissioner Consul General En. Ex. and Min. Plen.. Charge' d'Affaires Charge d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen ...do..'.. . Place. Mexico . Two Sicilies . Brazil do ! Russia Greece Mexico Portugal . Russia Sweden Spain Turkey Russia Chili Venezuela . . . Austria Great Britain . Austria Pontifical States Gautemala Peru France Portugal Russia Colombia Sandwich Islands Egypt Mexico Peru When ap, pointed. 182738663850 37971812182518533853 384838543850 1849 1836 18451858 1849 18621801 180918621828 1845 186118421836 183818471841 I— ' © RemarkB. Appointed Secretary to the Joint Missiou at Tacubaya. Authorized Greece. 1838 to negotiate with Is to Accredited to San Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Honduras. Died in office. Authorized Bolivir. to negotiate a treaty with Trescot, AA'illiam H Trist, Nicholas P Trist, Nicholas P Trousdale, AVilliam Tudor, AVilliam Turpin, Edward A Vail, Aaron Vail, Aaron Vail, Aaron Van Alen, John T Van Buren, M. * Van Ness, Cornelius P A7 an Valkenburgh, Robert B.* A7enable, William E Vroom, Peter D.* Walker, Robert J. * AValsb, Charles S Walsh, Robert M Walsh, Robert M Walsh, Robert M AVard, John E AVarren, Fitz Henry AVarren, John E AVashburn, C. A AVatterson, Harvey M.* . AVatts, Beaufort T , AVatts, Beaufort T AVatts, Beaufort T AVebb, James AVatson... AVebb, James Watson... AVebster, Fletcher AVeller, John B.* Wells, H.G AVest, Edward AVheaton, Henry Secretary of Legation — Special Agent Commissioner En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Charg6 d'Affaires Minister Resident Secretary of Legation . . . Chargti d'Affaires Secretary of Legation.. Charge d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen . do do Minister Resident Secretary of Legation . . . En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Commissioner Secretary of Legation .... do do do do Special Envoy En. Ex. and Min. Plen.. Minister Resident Secretary of Legation Minister Resident Special Agent Secretary of Legation Charge d'Affaires Secretary of Legation Charg6 d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen.. Secretary of Legation Minister Plenipotentiary. Minister Resident Charge d'Affaires do do Great Britain . Spain Mexico Brazil ...do Venezuela Great Britain . ....do ....do Ecuador Great Britain. Spain Japan Brazil Prussia China Spain Brazil Mexico Costa Rica China Guatemala Central America. Paraguay Buenos Ayres Colombia ....do Russia Austria Brazil China Mexico Honduras Peru Denmark 1852183318471853 1827 18581831183238363849 3833 38291865 1854 3853 3853 3825 1841 1848385238581865 1852 1861 3853 38243827 3828 384938633843 1860386338543827 Did not leave the United States to enter upon his mission. *e to Authorized, in 1836, to negotiate treaties with the States of the Zollverein and the Hanoverian Union, Ministers to Foreign Countries— Continued. AVheaton, Henry . Wheaton, Henry. Wheeler, John H AVhidden, Benjamin F. AVhite, Philo Wickliffe, Robert J... AVilber, J. B AVilkins, AVilliam.* ... Williams, James AAllliams, John Williams, John G. A. .. AVilliams, S. AA7ells Wilson, C. L... AVilson, James.* AVise, Henry A. * AVise, O. Jennings AVise, O. Jennings AVood, Bradford R AVoodbury, Charles L .. AVoodside, Jonathan F . AVright, Edward H AVright, John C AVright, Joseph A.* Yancey, Benjamin C . Yeaman, George H* . . to Office. Charge' d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Minister Resident Commissioner and C. G. Chargfi d'Affaires do do Secretary of Legation . . . En. Ex. and Min. Plen. Minister Resident Chargfi d'Affaires Charge d'Affaires Inter, and Sec. of Legation . Secretary of Legation Minister Resident En. Ex. and Min. Plen Secretary of Legation do do Minister Resident Charg6 d'Affaires do do Secretary of Legation do do En. Ex. and Min. Res Minister Resident. do do Prussia . ...do... Nicaragua Hayti Ecuador Sardinia France Russia Turkey Federation of the C. States of America. A7euezuela China England Venezuela Brazil Prussia France Denmark BoUvia Denmark Prussia ...do .do. Argentine Confed. Denmark When ap pointed. 3835 3837 18541862 18531848 1857 38343858 1825 1835185518611866184418531855186118541835 1850 18651858 1858 1865 Remarks. Authorized, in 3837, to negotiate treaties and exchange ratifications with the Zoll verein States. In 1843 authorized to ne gotiate with Mechlenberg, Oldenburg, Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Hesse-Cassel, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Baden. *fl>,to Appointment declined. Appointed again to the same position in 1865. APPENDIX. 513 THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. proceedings in the congress op the united colonies respecting "a declaration op independence, by the representatives op the united states op america, in congress assembled." Saturday, June 8, 1776. Resolved, That the resolutions respecting independency be referred to a Committee of the whole Congress. , The Congress then resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole; and, after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported, that the Committee have taken into consideration the matter to them referred, but not having come to any resolution thereon, directed him to move for leave to sit again on Monday. Resolved, That this Congress will, on Monday next, at 10 o'clock, resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into further consideration the resolutions referred to them. Monday, June 10, 1776. Agreeable to order, the Congress resolved itself into a Committee of the AVhole, to take into their further consideration the resolutions to them referred ; and, after some time spent thereon, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee have had under consideration the matters referred to them, and have come to a resolution thereon, which they directed him to report. The resolution agreed to in Committee of the AVhole being read — Resolved, That the consideration of the first resolution be postponed to Monday, the first day of July next ; and in the meanwhile, that no time be lost, in case the Congress agree thereto, that a Committee be appointed to prepare a declaration to the effect of the said first resolution, which is in these words : "That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States ; that they are absolved from all allegi ance to the British crown ; and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." Tuesday, June 11, 1776. Resolved, That the Committee for preparing the Declaration consist of five. The members chosen, Mr. Jefferson, Mr. John Adams, Mr. Franklin, Mr. Sherman, and Mr. R. R. Livingston. Tuesday, June 25, 1776. A declaration of the Deputies of Pennsylvania, met in Provincial Conference, was laid before Congress and read, expressing their willingness to concur in a vote of Con gress declaring the United Colonies free and independent States. Friday, June 28, 1776. "Francis Hopkinson, one of the Delegates from New Jersey, attended and produced the credentials of their appointment," containing the following instructions: "If you shaU judge it necessary or expedient for this purpose, we empower you to join in declar ing the United Colonies independent of Great Britain, entering into a confederation for union and common defence," &c. Monday, July 1, 1776. •'A resolution of the Convention of Maryland, passed the 28th of June, was laid before Congress and read," containing the following instructions to their deputies in Congress : "That the deputies of said Colony, or any three or more of them, be author- 33 514 APPENDIX. ized and empowered to concur with the other United Colonies, or a majority of them, in declaring the United Colonies free and independent States; in forming such further compact and confederation between them," &c. The order of the day being read : Resolved, That this Congress will resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into consideration the resolution respecting independency. That the Declaration be referred to said Committee. The Congress resolved itself into a Committee of the AVhole. After some time the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee had come to a resolution, which they desired him to report, and to move for leave to sit again. The resolution agreed to by the Committee of the AVhole being read, the determina tion thereof was, at the request of a Colony, postponed until to-morrow. Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, resolve itself into a Committee of the AVhole, to take into consideration the Declaration respecting independence. Tuesday. July- 2, 1776. The Congress resumed the consideration of the resolution repoited from the Com mittee of the AVhole, which was agreed to as follows : Resolved, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, Free and Inde pendent States ; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection[between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved. Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole; and after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee have had under consideration the Declaration to them referred ; but not having had time to go through the same, desired him to move for leave to sit again. Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration respecting inde pendence. Wednesday, July 3, 1776. Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a Committee of the AA'hole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration ; and after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee, not baviDg yet gone through it, desired leave to sit again. Resolved, That this Congress will, to-morrow, again resolve itself into a Committee of the AA'hole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration of Independence. Thursday, July 4, 1776. Agreeable to the order of the day, the Congress resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into their further consideration the Declaration ; and after some time, the President resumed the chair, and Mr. Harrison reported that the Committee had agreed to a Declaration, which they desired him to report. The Declaration being read, was agreed to as follows : A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OP THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires tnat they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. AVe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights ; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed ; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall APPENDIX. 515 seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established, should not be changed for light and transient causes ; and accordingly, all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present king of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having, in direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world : He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained ; and when so sus- pended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the Legislature; a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and dis tant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise ; the State remaining, in the meantime, exposed to all the danger of invasion from without, and convulsions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States: for that purpose, obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners ; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislature. He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power. He has combined, with others, to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitu tion, and unacknowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation : For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment, for [any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States : For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : For imposing taxes on us without our consent : For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury: For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences : For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, establish ing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies : For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable 'laws, and altering, fundamentally, the powers of our governments : For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. 516 APPENDIX. He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun, with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections among us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction, of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms ; our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts made by their legislature to extend an unwarrant able jurisdiction over us. AA7e have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigra tion and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must, there fore, acquiesce in the necessity which demands our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace, friends. We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Con gress assembled, appeafing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and, of right, ought to be, free and independent States ; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that, as free and independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do. And, for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. The foregoing Declaration was, by order of Congress, engrossed and signed by the following members : John Hancock. Josiah Bartlett, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Stephen Hopkins, Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, New Hampshire. AA'illiam AVhipple, Massachusetts Bay. Robert Treat Paine, Rhode Island. AA'illiam Ellery. Connecticut. William AVilliams, New York. Matthew Thornton. Elbridge Gerry. • Oliver AVolcott. William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, New Jersey. Lewis Morris. Richard Stockton, John AA'itherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark. APPENDIX. 517 Robert Harris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, Csesar Rodney, Samuel Chase, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, William Hooper, Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr. Button Gwinnett, Pennsylvania. John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, Delaware. George Read, Maryland. AVilliam Paca, Virginia. Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jr., North Carolina. Joseph Hewes, South Carolina. Thomas Lynch, Jr., Georgia, Lyman Hall, George Taylor James Wilson, George Ross. Thomas McKean. Thomas Stone. Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton. John Penn. Arthur Middleton. George Walton. Resolved, That copies of the Declaration be sent to the several assemblies, conven tions, and committees, or councils of safety, and to the several commanding officers of the Continental troops ; that it be proclaimed in each of the United States, and at the head of the army. 518 APP ENDIX. SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED, JULY 4, 1776. The following List of Members of the Continental Congress, who signed the Declara tion of Independence, (although the names are included in the general list of that Con gress, from 1774 to 1788,) is given separately, for the purpose of showing the places and dates of their birth and the time of their respective deaths, for convenient reference: Names of the signers Delegated from— Adams, John Adams, Samuel Bartlett, Josiah Braxton, Carter Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton Chase, Sanmel Clark, Abraham Clymer, George ' Ellery, William Floyd, William Franklin, Benjamin Gerry, Elbridge Gwinnett, Button Hall, Lyman Hancock, John Harrison, Benjamin Hart, John Heyward, Thomas, Jr Hewes, Joseph Hooper, William Hopkins, Stephen.. Hopkinson, Francis Huntington, Samuel Jefferson, Thomas Lee, Francis Lightfoot Lee, Richard Henry Lewis, Francis Livingston, Philip Lynch , Thomas, Jr McKean, Thomas Middleton, Arthur Morris, Lewis Morris, Robert ' Morton, John Nelson, Thomas, Jr Paea, William Paine, Robert Treat Penn, John Read, George Rodney, Csesar Ross, George Rush, Benjamin, M.D Rutledge, Edward Sherman, Roger Smith, James Stockton, Richard Stone, Thomas Taylor, George Thornton, Matthew Walton, George Whipple, William Williams, William Wilson, JameB Witherspoon, John Wolcott, Oliver Wythe, George Braintree, Mass Oct. 19, 1735 Boston, Mass Sept. 27, 1722 Amesbury, Mass in Nov., 1729 Newington, "Va Sept. 10,1736 Annapolis, Md Sept. 20, 1737 Somerset Co., Md April 17, 1741 Elizabethtown, N. J.. Feb. 15,1726 Philadelphia, Pa iu 1739 Newport, R. I Dec. 22,1727 Suffolk Co., N. Y Dec. 17,1734 Boston, Mass Jan. 17,1706 Marblehead, Mass July 17, 1744 England in 1732 Connecticut in 1731 Braintree, Mass in 1737 Berkeley, Va Hopewell. N. J about 1715 St. Luke's, S. C in 1746 Kingston, N. J in 1730 Boston, Mass June 17, 1742 Scituate, R. I Mar. 7, 1707 Philadelphia, Pa in 1737 Windham, Conn July 3, 1732 Shadwell, Ya April 13, 1743 Stratford, Va Oct. 14, 1734 Stratford, Va Jan. 20,1732 Landaff, Wales in Mar., 1713 Albany, N. Y Jan. 15,1716 St. George's, S. C Aug. 5,3749 Chester Co., Pa Mar. 19,1734 Middleton Place, S. C-in 1743 Morrisania, N. Y in 1726 Lancashire, Eng Jan., 1733-4 Ridley, Pa in 1724 York, Va Dec. 26, 1738 Wye Hill, Md Oct. 31,1740 Boston, Mass in 1731 Caroline Co., Va May 17,1741 Cecil Co., Md in 1734 Dover, Del in 1730 New Castle, Del in 1730 Byberry, Pa Dec. 24,1745 Charleston, S. C in Nov., 1749 Newton, Mass Aprill9, 1721 Ireland Princeton, N. J Oct. 1,1730 Charles Co. , Md in 1742 Ireland in 1716 Ireland in 1714 Frederick Co., Va in 1740 Kittery, Me ia 1730 Lebanon, Conn April 8, 1731 Scotland about 1742 Yester, Scotland Feb. 5, 1722 Windsor, Conn Nov. 26, 1726 Elizabeth City Co., Va. 1726 Massachusetts ... Massachusetts - - . New Hampshire . Virginia Maryland Maryland New Jersey Pennsylvania R.I. andProv. PI New York Pennsylvania Massachusetts . Georgia Georgia Massachusetts . Virginia New Jersey .. . South Carolina North Carolina North Carolina . . R. I.andProv. PI. New Jersey Connecticut Virginia Virginia Virginia New York New York South Carolina .. Delaware South Carolina .. New York Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Virginia Maryland Massachusetts . .. North Carolina .. Delaware Delaware Pennsylvania Pennsylvania South Carolina .. Connecticut Pennsylvania New Jersey Maryland Pennsylvania New Hampshire . Georgia New Hampshire . Connecticut Pennsylvania New Jersey Connecticut Virginia JulyOct. May Oct. Nov.June Sept., Jan. Feb. Aug.April Nov.May Feb., Oct. April, March Nov. Oct.,July MayJan.JulyApril,June Dec. June Lost at JuneJan.Jan. May April,Jan.MayOct. July. April Jan.JulyJulyFeb.Oct.Feb.JuneFeb.Nov.Aug.Aug.Nov.Dec.June 4, 1826 2, 1803 19, 1795 10, 1797 14,183219, 1811 1794 23, 1813 15, 1820 4,1821 17, 1790 23, 1814 27, 17771790 8, 1793 1791 17801809 10, 1779 1790 13, 1785 9, 1790 5, 1796 4, 18261797 19, 1794 30, 1803 12,1778 sea, 1779 24, 1817 1,1787 22, 1798 8, 1806 1777 4, 1789 1799 11, 1804 26, 18091798 1783 1779 19, 1813 23, 1800 23, 1793 11, 1*06 28, 1781 5, 1787 23, 1781 24, 1803 2, 1805 28, 1785 2. 1811 28, 1798 15, 1794 1, 1797 8,1806 APPENDIX. 519 DELEGATES TO THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. FROM 1774 TO 1788. New Hampshire. Bartlett, Josiah 1775-79 Blanchard, Jonathan 1783-'84 Folsoin, Nathaniel 1774-75 Do 1777-78 Do 1779-'30 Foster, Abiel 1783-'85 Frost: George 1777-79 Gilman, John Taylor 1782-83 Gilman, Nicholas 1786-88 Langdon, John 1775-77 Do 1786-W Langdon, "Woodbury 1779-80 Livermore, Samuel 1780-*83 Do 1785-'86 Long, Pierce 1784-86 Peabody, Nathaniel 1 779-80 Sullivan, John 1774-75 Do 1780-'81 Thornton, Matthew 1 776-78 Wentworth, John, Jr 1778-79 Whipple, William- 1776-79 White, Phillips 1782-83 Wingate, Paine 1787-'88 Massachusetts. Adams, John 1774-78 Adams, Samuel 1774-82 Cushing, Thomas 1774-76 Dana, Francis 1776-78 Do 1784-'84 Dane, Nathan 1785-'88 Gerry, Elbridge 1776-'81 Do 1782-'85 Gorham, Nathaniel 1 782-83 Do 1785-'87 Hancock, John 1775-80 Do 1785-'86 Higginson, Stephen 1782-'83 Holten, Samuel 1778-'80 Do 1782-'83 Do 1784-'85 Do 1786-'87 Jackson, Jonathan 1782-'82 King, Rufus 1784-'87 Lovell, James 1776-'82 Lowell, John 1782-'83 Osgood, Samuel 1780-'84 Otis, SamuelA 1787-'88 Paine, Robert Treat 1774-78 Partridge, George 1779-'82 Do 1783-'85 Sedgwick, Theodore 1785-88 Sullivan, James 1782-'82 Thacher, George 1787-'88 Ward, Artemas 1780-81 Rhode Island. Arnold, Jonathan 1782-84 Arnold, Peleg 1787-'89 Collins, John 1778-'83 Cornell, Ezekiel 1780-'83 Ellery, William 1 776-'8 1 Do 1 783-'85 Hazard, Jonathan J 1787-'89 Hopkins, Stephen 1774-80 Howell, David 1782-'85 Manning, James 1785-'86 Marchant, Henry 1777-80 Do 1783-'84 Miller, Nathan 1785-'86 Mowry, Daniel 1780-82 Varnum, James M 1780-'82 Do 1786-'87 Ward, Samuel 1774-76 Connecticut. « Adams, Andrew 1777-'80 Do 1781-'82 Cooke, Joseph P 1784-'88 Deane, Silas 1774-76 Dyer, Eliphalet 1774-79 Do 1780-'83 Edwards, Pierpont 1787-'88 Ellsworth, Oliver 1777-'84 Hillhouse, William 1783-'86 Hosmer, Titus 1775-76 Do 1777-79 Huntington, Benjamin 1780-'84 Do 1787-'88 Huntington, Samuel 1776-'84 Johnson, William S 1784-'87 Law, Richard 1777-78 Do 1781-'84 Mitchell, Stephen M 1783-'84 Do 1785-'86 Do 1787-'88 Root, Jesse 1778-'83 520 A P P END IX. Sherman, Roger 1774-'84 Spencer, Joseph 1778-79 Strong, Jedediah 1782-'84 Sturges, Jonathan 1785-87 Tread well, John 1785-'86 Trumbull, Joseph 1774-75 Wadsworth, James 1783-84 Do 1785-'86 "Wadsworth, Jeremiah 1787-'8S Williams, William 1776-78 Do 1783-'64 Wolcott, Oliver 1775-78 Do 1 780-'84 New York. Alsop, John 1774-76 Benson, Egbert 1784-'85 Do 1786-'88 Boerum, Simon 1774-77 Clinton, George 1775-77 De Witt, Charles 1783-'85 Dnane, James 1774-84 Duer, William 1777-78 Floyd, William 1774-77 Do 1778-83 Gansevoort, Leonard 1787— '88 Hamilton, Alexander 1782-'83 Do 1787-88 Haring, John 1774-75 Do 1785-'88 Jay, John 1774-77 Do 1778-79 Lansing, John 1784-8S Lawrance, John ] 785-87 Lewis, Francis 1777-79 Livingston, Philip 1774-78 Livingston, Robert R ] 775-77 Do 1779-'81 Livingston, Walter 1784-65 Low, Isaac 1774-75 L'Hommedieu, Ezrai 1779-83 Do 1 787-'88 Morris, Gouverneur 1777-'80 Morris, Lewis ] 775-77 McDougall, Alexander 1781-'82 Do 1784-'85 Paine, Ephraim 1784-85 Piatt, Zephaniah ] 784-'86 Schuyler, Philip 1775-75 Do 1 778-81 Scott, John Morin 1780-'83 Smith, Melancthon 1785-88 Wisner, Henry 1774-70 Yates, Abraham, Jr 1787-'8S Yates, Peter W 1785-87 New Jersey. Beatty, John 17H:l-'85 Boudinot, Elias 1777-78 Do 1781-84 Burnett, W 1780-'81 Cadwallader, Lambert 1784-87 Clark, Abraham 1776-'82 Do 1787-'88 Condict, Silas 1781-'84 Cooper, John 1776-76 Crane, Stephen 1774-76 Dayton, Elias 1787-'88 De Hart, John 1774-76 Dick, Samuel 1783-'84 Elmer, Jonathan 1776-78 Do 1781-'84 Do 1787-'88 Fell, John 1778-'80 Frelinghuysen, Frederick 1778-79 Do 1782-'83 Henderson, Thomas 1779-'80 Hopkinson, Francis 1776-77 Hornblower, Josiah 1785-'8G Houston, "William C 1779-'82 Do 1784-'85 Kinsey, James 1774-75 Livingston, William 1774-76 Neilson, John 1778-79 Scheurman, J 1786-87 Scudder, Nathaniel 1777-79 Sergeant, Jonathan D 1776-'77 Smith, Richard 1774-76 Stewart, Archibald 1784-'85 Stockton, Richard 1776-77 Synimes, John C 1785-'86 Witherspoon, John 1776-'83 Pennsylvania. Allen, Andrew 1775-76 Armstrong, John. 1778-'80 Do 1787-'88 Atlee, Samuel 1778-'82 Bayard, John. 1785-87 Biddle, Edward 1774-76 Do 1778-79 Bingham, William 1787-'88 Clarkson, Matthew 1785-86 Clingan, William .' 1777-79 Clymer, George 1776-78 Do 1780-'83 Dickinso u, John 1774-76 Fitzsimnions, Thomas 1782-'83 j Franklin, Benjamin 1775-76 Galloway, Joseph 1 774-75 | Gardner, Joseph 1784-'85 Hand, Edward 1784-85 | Henry, AVilliam 1784-'8fi j Humphreys, Charles 1774-76 Ingersoll, Jared 1780-'81 ! Ir wine, William 1 786-'88 ! Jackson, David 1785-86 j Matlack, Timothy ]780-'81 McClene, James 1778-80 Meredith, Samuel 1787-'88 Mifflin, Thomas 1774-76 Do 1782-'84 Morris, Charles 1783-84 APPENDIX. 521 Morris, Robert 1776-78 Montgomeiy, Joseph 1780-'84 Morton, John 1774-77 Muhlenberg, Frederick A 1778-'80 Peters, Richard 1782-'83 Pettit, Charles 1785-87 Read, J 1787-'88 Reed, Joseph 1777-78 Rhodes, Samuel 1774-75 Roberdeau, Daniel 1777-79 Boss, George 1774-77 Rush, Benjamin 1776- 77 Searle, James 1778-'80 Shippen, William 1778-'80 Smith, James 1776-78 Smith, Jonathan B 1777-78 Smith, Thomas 1780-82 St. Clair, Arthur 1785-'87 Taylor, George 1776-77 Willing, Thomas 1 775-76 Willson, James 1775-78 Do 1782-'83 Do 1785-'87 Wynkoop, Hemy 1779-'83 Delaware. Bedford, Gunning 1783-85 Do 1786-'87 Bedford, Gunning, Jr 1785-86 Dickinson, John 1776-77 Do 1779-'80 Dickinson, Philemon 1782-'83 Evans, John. .* 1776-77 Kearney, Dyre 1786-83 McComb, Eleazer 1782-'84 Mitchell, Nathaniel 1786-'88 McKean, Thomas 1774-76 Do ]778-'83 Patton, John 1785-'86 Peery, William 1785-'36 Read, George 1774-77 Rodney, Caesar 1774-76 Do 1777-78 Do 1783-'84 Rodney, Thomas 1781-'83 Do 1785-'87 Sykes, James 1777-78 Tilton, James 1783-'85 Van Dyke, Nicholas 1777-'82 Vining, John 1784-'86 Wharton, Samuel 1782-'63 Maryland. Alexander, Robert 1775-77 Carmichael, William 1778-'80 Carroll, Charles 1776-78 Carroll, Daniel 1780-'84 Chase, Jeremiah T 1783-'84 Chase, Samuel 1774-78 Do 1784-'85 Contee, Benjamin 1787-88 Forbes, James 1778-'80 Forrest, Uriah 1786-'87 Goldsborough, Robert 1774-75 Hall, John 1775-76 Do 1783-'84 Hanson, John 1781-'83 Harrison, William 1785-'87 Hemsley, William 1782-'84 Henry, John 1778-'81 Do 1784-'87 Hindman, "William 1784-'87 Howard, John E 1787-'88 Jenifer, D., of St. Thomas 1778-'82 Johnson, Thomas 1775-77 Lee, Thomas Sim 1783-'84 Lloyd, Edward 1783-'84 Martin, Luther 1784-85 McHenry, James 1783-'86 Paca, William 1774-79 Plater, George 1778-'81 Potts, Richard 1781 -'82 Ramsay, Nathaniel 1785-87 Ridgely, Richard 1785-'86 Rogers, John 1775-76 Ross, David 1786-^87 Rumsey, Benj amin 1776-78 Scott, Gustavus 1784-^85 Seney, Joshua 1787-88 Smith, William 1777-78 Stone, Thomas 1775-79 Do 1784-'85 Tilghman , Matthew 1774-77 Wright, Turbett 1781-'82 Virginia. Adams, Thomas 1778-'80 Banister, John 1778-79 Bland, Richard 1774-76 Bland, Theodoric 1780-'33 Braxton, Carter 1776-76 Brown, John 1787-'88 Carrington, Edward 1785-'86 Fitzhugh, William 1 779-'80 Fleming, William 1779-'81 Grayson, William 1784-'87 Griffin, Cyrus 177S-'81 Do 17S7-'88 Hardy, Samuel 1783-85 Harrison, Benjamin 1774-78 Harvie, John 1778-79 Henry, James 1780-81 Hemy, Patrick 1774-76 Jefferson, Thomas 1 775-77 Do 1783-^85 Jones, Joseph 1777-78 Do * 1780-'83 Lee, Arthur 1781-'84 Lee, Francis Lightfoot 177y- 80 Lee, Henry 1785",on Lee, Richard Henry 1774-80 Do ¦I784-,qI Madison, James, Jr 1780-83 522 APPENDIX. Madison, James, Jr 1786-'88 Mercer, James ]779-'80 Mercer, John F 1782-85 Monroe, James 1783-'86 Nelson, Thomas 1775-77 Do 1779-'80 Page, Mann 1777-77 Pendleton, Edmund 1774-75 Randolph, Edmund 1779-'82 Randolph, Peyton ..1774-75 Smith, Merewether 1776-'62 Washington, George 1774-75 Wythe, George 1775-77 North Carolina. Ashe, John B 1787-88 Bloodwortb, Timothy 1786-'S7 Blount, William 1782-'83 Do 1786-'87 Burke, Thomas 1777-'81 Burton, Robert ¦ 1787-88 Caswell, Richard 1774-76 Cumming, William 1784-84 Harnett, Cornelius 1777-80 Hawkins, Benjamin 1781-'84 Do 1786-87 Hewes, Joseph 1774-77 Do 1779-'80 | Hill, Whitmill ]778-'81 Hooper, William 1774-77 Johnston, Samuel 1780-'82 Jones, Allen 1779-80 Jones, Willie 1780-'31 Nash, Abner 1782-'84 I Do 1785-86 Penn, John 1775-76 Do 1777-'80 Sitgreaves, John 1784-85 Sharpe, William ]779-'82 Spaight, Richard D ]783-'85 Swan, John 1787-'88 Williams, John 1778-79 "Williamson, Hugh 1782-'85 Do 1787-'88 White, Alexander 1786-88 South Carolina. i Bee, Thomas 1780-82 Beresford, Richard 1783-85 Bull, John 1 764-87 Cutler, Pierce 1787-'88 Drayton, William Henry 1776-79 Eveleigh, Nicholas I781-'82 Gadsden, Christopher 1774-76 Gervais, John L. 1782-'83 Heyward, Thomas, Jr 1776-78 Huger, Daniel 1786-88 Hutson, Richard 1778-79 Izard, Ralph 1 782-'83 Kean, John 1785-'87 Kinloch, Francis 1 780-'81 Laurens, Henry 1777-'80 Lynch, Thomas 1774-76 Lynch, Thomas, Jr 1776-77 Matthews, John 1778-'82 Middleton, Arthur 1776-78 Do 1781-'83 Middleton, Henry 1774-76 Motte, Isaac 1780-'82 Parker, John 1786-'88 Pinckney, Charles 1777-78 Do 1784-'87 Ramsay, David 1782-'84 Do 1785-'86 Read, Jacob 1783-'85 Rutledge, Edward 1774-77 Rutledge, John 1774-77 Do 1782-'83 Trapier, Paul 1777-78 Tucker, Thomas T 1787-'88 Georgia. Baldwin, Abraham 1785-'88 Brownson, Nathan 1776-78 Bullock , Archibald * 1775-76 Clay, Joseph 1778-'80 Few, William 1780-'82 Do 1785-'88 Gibbons, William 1784-'86 Gwinnett, Button 1776-77 Habersham, John 1785-'86 Hall, Lyman 1775-79 Houston, John 1775-77 Houston, William 1784-'87 Howley, Richard 1780-'81 Jones, Noble AVimberly 1775-76 Do I781-'83 Langworthy, Edward 1777-79 Pierce, AV 1786-'87 Telfair, Edward 1777-79 Do 1780-'83 Walton, George 1776-79 Do 1780-'81 Wood, Joseph 1777-79 Zubly, John J 1775-76 APPENDIX. 523 PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. FROM 1774 TO 1788. « FROM. ELECTEP. Peyton Randolph Virginia September 5, 1774. Hemy Middleton South Carolina October 22, 1774. Peyton Randolph Virginia May 10, 1775. John Hancock Massachusetts May 24, 1775. Henry Laurens South Carolina November 1, 1777. John Jay New York December 10, 1778. Samuel Huntington Connecticut September 28, 1779. Thomas McKean Delaware July 10, 1781. John Hanson i Maryland November 5, 1781 . Elias Boudinot New Jersey November 4, 1782. Thomas Mifflin Pennsylvania November 3, 1783. Richard Henry Lee Virginia November 30, 1784. Nathaniel Gorham Massachusetts June 6, 1786. Arthur St. Clair Pennsylvania February 2, 1787. Cyrus Griffin . .¦ Virginia January 22, 1788. SESSIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. The sessions of the Continental Congress were commenced as follows: September 5, 1774, also May 10, 1775, at Philadelphia; December 20, 1776, at Baltimore; March 4, 1777, at Philadelphia; September 27, 1777, at Lancaster, Penn sylvania; September 30, 1777, at York, Pennsylvania; July 2, 1778, at Philadelphia; June 30, 1783, at Princeton, New Jersey ; November 26, 1783, at Annapolis, Maryland ; November 1, 1784, at Trenton, New Jersey; January 11, 1785, at New York, which, from that time, continued to be the place of meeting until the adoption of the Constitu tion of the United States. From 1781 to 1788 Congress met annually on the first Mon day in November, pursuant to the Articles of Confederation. 524 APPENDIX. ARTICLES OP CONFEDERATION. TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, WE, THE UNDERSIGNED, DELEGATES OF THE STATES AFFIXED TO OUR NAMES, SEND GREETING: Whereas the delegates of the United States of America in Congress assembled did, on the fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-seven, and in the second year of the independence of America, agree to certain articles of confederation and perpetual Union between the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro lina, and Georgia, in the words following, viz : Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between the States of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Article 1. Tho style of this confederacy shall be, "The United States of America." Art. 2. Each State retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States in Congress assembled. Art. 3. The said States hereby severally enter iuto a firm league of friendship with each other for their common defence, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare ; binding themselves to assist each other against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretence whatever. ART. 4. The better to secure and perpetuate mutual friendship and intercourse among the people of the different States in this Union, the free inhabitants of each of these States, paupers, vagabonds, and fugitives from justice excepted, shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the several States ; and the people of each State shall have free ingress and regress to and from any other State, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, impositions, and restrictions, as the inhabitants thereof respectively, provided that such restrictions shall not extend so far as to prevent the removal of property imported into any State to any other State, of which the owner is an inhabitant ; provided also, that no imposition, duties, or restriction, shall be laid by any State on the property of the United States or either of them. If any person guilty of or charged with treason, felony, or other high misdemeanor, in any State, shall flee from justice, and be found iu any of the United States, he shall, upon demand of the Governor or Executive power of the State from which he fled, be delivered up aud removed to the State having jurisdiction of his offence. Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these States to the records, acts, and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates of every other State. Art. 5. For the more convenient management of the general interests of the United States, delegates shall be annually appointed in such manner as the Legislature of each State shall direct to meet in Congress on the first Monday in November in every year, with a power reserved to each State to recall its delegates or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead for the remainder of the year. No State shall be represented in Congress by less than two, nor by more than seven members ; and no person shall be capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any term of six years ; nor shall any person, being a delegate, be capable of holding any office under the United States, for which he, or another for his benefit, receives any salary, fees, or emoluments of any kind. Each State shall maintain its own delegates in a meeting of the States, and while they act as members of the committee of the States. In determining questious in the United States in Congress assembled, each State shall have one vote. Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Congress ; and the members of Congress shall be protected in APPENDIX. 525 their persons from arrests and imprisonments during the time of their going to and from and attendance on Congress, except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace. Art. 6. No State, without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, shall send any embassy to, or receive any embassy from, or enter into any conference, agreement, alliance, or treaty, with any king, .prince, or state ; nor shall any person holding any office of profit or trust under the United States, or any of them, accept of. any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state ; nor shall the United States in Congress assembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility. No two or more States shall enter into any treaty, confederation, or alliance whatever, between them, without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, speci fying accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into and how long it shall continue. No State shall lay any imposts or duties which may interfere with any stipulations in treaties entered into by the United States in Congress assembled, with any king, prince, or state, in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by Congress to the courts of France and Spain. No vessel-of-war shall be kept up in time of peace by any State, except such number only as shall be deemed necessary by the United States in Congress assembled for the defence of such State or its trade ; nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any State in time of peace except sucb number only as in the judgment of the United States in Congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts necessary for the defence of such State ; but every State shall always keep up a well-regulated and disci plined militia, sufficiently armed and accoutred, and shall provide and have constantly ready for use, in public stores, a due number of field-pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition, and camp equipage. No State shall engage in any war without the consent of the United States in Con gress assembled, unless such State be actually invaded by enemies or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being formed by some nation of Indians to invade such State, and the danger is so imminent as not to admit of a delay till the United States in Congress assembled can be consulted; nof shall any state grant commissions to any ships or vessels-of-war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of war by the United States in Congress assembled, and then only against the kingdom or state, and the subjects thereof, against which war has been so declared, and under such regulations as shall be established by the United States in Congress assembled, unless such State be infested by pirates, in which case vessels-of-war may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or until the United States in Congress assembled shall determine otherwise. Art. 7. When land forces are raised by any State for the common defence, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each State respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such State shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which first made the appointment. Art. 8. All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the com mon defence or general welfare, and allowed by the United States in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasuiy, which shall be supplied by the several States in proportion to the value of all land within each State granted to or surveyetl for any person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as the United States in Congress assembled shall from time to time direct and appoint. The taxes for paying that proportion shall belaid and levied by the author! ty and direction of the legislatures of the several States, within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled. Art. 9. The United States in Congress assembled shall have the sole and exclusive right and power of determining on peace and war, except in the cases mentioned in the sixth article — of sending and receiving ambassadors — entering into treaties and alli ances ; provided, that no treaty of commerce shall be made whereby the legislative- power of the respective States sjiall be restrained from imposing such imposts and duties on foreigners as their own people are subjected to, or from prohibiting the exportation or importation of any species of goods or commodities whatsoever — of establishing rules for deciding in all cases w-hat captures on land or water shall be legal, and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the service of the United States shall be divided or appropriated— of granting letters of marque and reprisal in times of peace— appointing courts for the trial of piracies and felonies committed on the high 526 AP P ENDIX. seas, and establishing courts for receiving and determining finally appeals in all cases of captures : provided, that no member of Congress shall be appointed a judge of any of the said courts. The United States in Congress assembled shall also be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differences now subsisting or that hereafter may arise between two or more States concerning boundary, jurisdiction, or any other cause whatever; which authority shall always be exercised in the manner following : whenever the legislative or execu tive authority or lawful agent of any State in controversy with another shall present a petition to Congress, stating the matter in question, and praying for a hearing, notice thereof shall be given by order of Congress to the legislative or executive authority of the .other State in controversy, and a day assigned for the appearance of the parties, by their lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint by joint consent commission ers or judges to constitute a court for hearing and determining the matter in question ; but if they cannot agree, Congress shall name three persons out of each of the United States, and from the list of such persons each party shall alternately strike out one, the petitioners beginning, until the number shall be reduced to thirteen; and from that number not less than seven nor more than nine names, as Congress shall direct, shall, in the presence of Congress, be drawn out by lot; and the persons whose names shall be so drawn, or any five of them, shall be commissioners or judges, to hear and finally determine the controversy, so always as a major part of the judges, who shall hear the cause, shall agree in the determination : and if either party shall neglect to attend at the day appointed, without showing reasons which Congress shall judge sufficient, or being present shall refuse to strike, the Congress shall proceed to nominate three per sons out of each State, and the secretary of Congress shall strike in behalf of such party absent or refusing ; and the judgment and sentence of the court to be appointed in the manner before prescribed, shall be final and conclusive ; and if any of the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of such court, or to appear, or defend their claim or cause, the court shall nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence or judgment, which shall in like manner be final and decisive, the judgment or sentence and other proceed ings, being in either case transmitted to Congress, and lodged among the acts of Con gress for the security of the parties concerned: provided, that every commissioner, before he sits in judgment, shall take an oath, to be administered by one of the judges of the supreme or superior court of the State, where the cause shall be tried, "well and truly to hear and determine the matter in question, according to the best of his judg ment, without favor, affection, or hope of reward:" provided also, that no State shall be deprived of territory for the benefit of the United States. All controversies concerning the private right of soil, claimed under different grants of two or more States, whose jurisdiction as they may respect such lands and the States which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or either of them being at the same time claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall, on the petition of either party to the Congress of the United States, be finally determined, as near as may be, in the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different States. The United States in Congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective States — fixing the standard of weights and measures through out the United States — regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians not members of any of the States ; provided that the legislative right of any State with in its own limits be not infringed or violated — establishing and regulating post offices from one State to another throughout all the United States, and exacting such postage on the papers passing through the same, as may be requisite to defray the expenses of the said office — appointing all officers of the land forces in the service of the United States excepting regimental officers — appointing all the officers of the naval forces, and commissioning all officers whatever in the service of the United States— making rules for the government and regulation of the said land and naval forces, and directing their operations. The United States in Congress assembled shall have authority to appoint a committee to sit in the recess of Congress, to be denominated "a Committee of the States," and to consist of one delegate from each State ; and to appoint such other committees and civil officers as may bo necessary for managing the general affairs of the United States, under their direction — to appoint one of their number to preside, provided that no person be allowed to serve in the office of president more than one year in any term of three years— to ascertain the necessary sums of money to be raised for the service of the United States, APPENDIX. 527 and to appropriate and apply the same for defraying the public expenses — to borrow money or emit bills on the credit of the United States, transmitting every half year to the respective States an account of the sums of money so borrowed or emitted — to build and equip a navy — to agree upon the number of land forces, and to make requisitions from each State for its quota, in proportion to the number of white inhabitants in such State; which requisition shall be bindin g, and thereupon the legislature of each State shall appoint the regimental officers, raise the men, and clothe, arm, and equip them, in a soldier-like manner, at the expense of the United States ; and the officers and men so clothed, armed, and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the United States in Congress assembled : but if the United States in Congress assembled, shall, on consideration of circumstances, judge proper that any State should not raise men or should raise a smaller number than its quota, and that any other State should raise a greater number of men than the quota thereof, such extra number shall be raised, officered, clothed, armed, and equipped, in the same manner as the quota of such State, unless the legislature of such State shall judge that such extra number cannot safely be spared out of the same ; in which case they shall raise, officer, clothe, arm, and equip, as many of such extra number as fliey judge can be safely spared. And the officers and men so clothed, armed, and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the United States in Congress assembled. The United States in Congress assembled shall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque and reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses necessary for the defence and welfare of the United States or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on the credit of the United States, nor appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels-of-war to be built or purchased, or the number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander-in-chief of the army and navy, unless nine States assent to the same; nor shall a question on any other point, except for adjourning from day to day, be determined, unless by the votes of a majority of the United States in Congress assembled. The Congress of the United States shall have power to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place within the United States, so that no period of adjournment be for a longer duration than the space of six months ; and shall publish the journal of their proceedings monthly, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their judgment require secresy ; and the yeas and nays of the delegates of each State on any question shall be entered on the journal, when it is desired by any delegate; and the delegates of a State, or any of them, at his or their request, shall be furnished with a transcript of the said journal, except such parts as are above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of the several States. ART. 10. The committee of the States, or any nine of them, shall be authorized to execute, in the recess of Congress, such of the powers of Congress as the United States in Congress assembled, by the consent of nine States, shall from time to time, think expedient to vest them with ; provided that no power be delegated to the said committee, for the exercise of which, by the articles of confederation, the voice of nine States in the Congress of the United States assembled is requisite. Art. 11. Canada, acceding to this confederation, and joining in the measures of the United States, shall be admitted into, and entitled to, all the advantages of this Union ; but no other colony shall be admitted into the same unless such admission be agreed to by nine States. Art. 12. All bills of credit emitted, moneys borrowed, and debts contracted, by or under the authority of Congress, before the assembling of the United States, in pursuance of the present confederation, shall be deemed and considered as a charge against the United States, for payment and satisfaction whereof the said United States and the public faith are hereby solemnly pledged. Art. 13. Every State shall abide by the decision of the United States in Congress assembled, on all questions which, by this confederation, are submitted to them. And the articles of this confederation shall be inviolably observed by every State, and the Union shall be perpetual; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of them, unless such alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the United States, and be afterward confirmed by the legislature of every State. And whereas it has pleased the great Governor of the world to incline the hearts of the legislatures we respectively represent in Congress, to approve of and to authorize us to ratify the said articles of confederation and perpetual Union : know ye, that we, the ' undersigned delegates, by virtue of the power and authority to us given for that purpose, 528 AP P E N D IX. do, by these presents, in the name and in behalf of our respective constituents, fully and entirely ratify and confirm each and every of the said articles of confederation and perpetual Union, and all and singular the matters and things therein contained ; and we do further solemnly pledge and engage the faith of our respective constituents, that they shall abide by the determinations of the United States in Congress assembled, on all questions which, by the said confederation, are submitted to them ; and that the articles thereof shall be inviolably observed by the States we respectively represent ; and that the Union be perpetual. In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands, in Congress. Done at Philadel phia, in the State of Pennsylvania, the ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy -eight, and in the third year of the independence of America. New- Hampshire. Josiah Bartlett, John Wentworth, Jr. Massachusetts Bay. John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Elbridge Gerry, Francis Dana, James Lovell, Samuel Holton. Rhode Island. William Ellery, Henry Marchant, John Collins. Connecticut. Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, Oliver Wolcott, Titus Hosmer, Andrew Adams. New York. James Duane, Francis Lewis, William Duer, Gouverneur Morris. New Jersey'. John Witherspoon, Nath. Scudder. Pennsylvania. Robert Morris, Daniel Roberdeau, Jonathan Bayard Smith, William Clingan, Joseph Reed. ' Delaware. Thomas M'Kean, John Dickinson, Nicholas Van Dyke. Maryland. John Hanson, Daniel Carroll. Virginia. Richard Henry Lee, John Banister, Thomas Adams, John Harvie, Francis Lightfoot Lee. North Carolina. John Penn, Cornelius Harnett, John Williams.South Carolina. Henry Laurens, WilUam Henry Drayton, John Matthews, Richard Hutson, Thomas Heyward, Jr. Georgia. George Walton, Edward Telfair, Edward Langworthy. APPENDIX. 529 CONSTITUTION UNITED STATES OF AMERICA We the People of the United Slates, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. ARTICLE I. Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Sect. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the seveial States, and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty- five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may 6e included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meet ing of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such a manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Repre sentative ; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Planta tions one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eig^ht, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, aud Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment. Sect. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years ; and each Senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 34 530 APPENDIX. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States ; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law. Sect. 4. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Repre sentatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. Sect. 5. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for dis orderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one- fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. Sect. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest, during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House they shall not be questioned in any other place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office. Sect. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. A P P END IX. 531 Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a, question of adjournment,) shall be presented to the President of the United States ; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations pre scribed in the case of a bill. Sect. 8. The Congress shall have power To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay tho debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States ; To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes ; To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures ; To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States ; To establish post-offices and post-roads ; To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries ; To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations ; To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning cap tures on land and water ; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years ; To provide and maintain a navy ; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces ; To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress ; To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not ex ceeding ten miles square), as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings ; and To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. Sect. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now ex isting shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another ; nor shall vessels bound to or from one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no person holding any 532 APPENDIX. office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State. Sect. 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligations of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspec tion laws ; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships-of-war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. ARTICLE II. Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows : Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. [*The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two per sons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the Gov ernment of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole num ber of Electors appointed ; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote ; ,a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-President.] The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been * This clause within brackets has been superseded and annulled by the 12th amendment on page 537 APPENDIX. zoo elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the execution of his office he shall take the following'oath or affirm ation : " I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Con stitution of the United States." Sect. 2. The President shall be Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into th« actual ser vice of the United States ; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the Executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of law, or in the Heads of Departments. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. SECT. 3. He shallfrom time to time give to the Congiess information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjourn ment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. Sect. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. ARTICLE III. Section 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensa tion, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. Sect. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers, and Consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more States ; between a State and citizens of another State ; between citizens of different States ; be tween citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States ; and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects. In all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers, and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdic tion, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury ; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. Sect. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 534 APPENDIX. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. ARTICLE IV. Section 1 . Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, rec ords, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. Sect. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the Executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up to be removed to the State having juris diction of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Sect. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State ; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regula tions respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Sect. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion ; and on applica tion of the Legislature, or of the Executive, (when the Legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. ARTICLE V. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall pro pose amendments to this Constitution, or on the application of the Legislatures of two- thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conven tions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro posed by the Congress : Provided, that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses of the ninth section of the first article ; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. ARTICLE VI. All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adoption of this Consti tution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation. This Constitution and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary not withstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. APPENDIX. 535 ARTICLE VII. The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establish ment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. Done in Convention by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty- seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names. George Washington, President, and Deputy from Virginia. John Langdon, Nathaniel Gorham, William S. Johnson, Alexander Hamilton. William Livingston, William Paterson, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Morris, Thomas Fitzsimmons, James Wilson, George Read, John Dickinson, Jaco. Broom, James McHenry, Daniel Carroll, John Blair, William Blount, Hugh Williamson, J. Rutledge, Charles Pinckney, William Few,Attest : New Hampshire. Massachusetts. Connecticut. New York. New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Delaware. Maryland. Virginia. North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia. Nicholas Gilman. Rufus King. Roger Sherman. David Brearley, Jonathan Dayton. Thomas Mifflin, George Clymer, Jared Ingersoll, Gouvemeur Morris. Gunning Bedford, Jr., Richard Bassett. Daniel Jenifer, of St. Thomas. James Madison, Jr. Richard D. Speight. Charles C. Pinckney, Pierce Butler. Abraham Baldwin. William Jackson, Secretary. 536 APPENDIX. STATE RATIFICATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION. The Constitution was adopted September 17, 1787, by the Convention appointed in pursuance of the resolution of the Congress of the Confederation of February 21, 1787, and was ratified by the Conventions of the several States as follows, viz. : By Convention of Delaware December 7, 1787. By Convention of Pennsylvania December 12, 1787. By Convention of New Jersey December 18, 1787. By Convention of Georgia January 2, 1788. By Convention of Connecticut *.... January 9, 1788. By Convention of Massachusetts February 6, 1788. By Convention of Maryland April 28, 1786. By Convention of South Carolina May 23, 1788. By Convention of New Hampshire June 21, 1788. By Convention of Virginia June 26,1788. By Convention of New York July 26,1788. By Convention of North Carolina November 21, 1789. By Convention of Rhode Island May 29,1790. ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF, THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OP AMEBIC A, proposed by congress, and ratified by the legislatures of the several. states, pursuant to the fifth article of the original constitution. ARTICLE I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. ARTICLE II. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. ARTICLE III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ARTICLE TV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. APPENDIX. 537 ARTICLE V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. ARTICLE VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. ARTICLE VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be other wise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. ARTICLE VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and un" usual punishments inflicted. ARTICLE IX. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. ARTICLE X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people. ARTICLE XL The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced br prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. ARTICLE XII. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and trans mit sealed to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of amember or members from two-thirds of the (states, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House ot Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve. upon them before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability ottne President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall Be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of tho whole number ol Electors ap 538 APPEND IX. pointed; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. ARTICLE XIII. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legisla tion. THE FOLLOWING- IS PP.EFIXED TO THE FIRST TEN* OF THE PRECEDING A MEND MENTS. CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW YORK, ON WEDNESDAY, THE FOURTH OF MARCH, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINE. The Conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added ; and as extend ing the ground of public confidence in the Government will best insure the beneficent ends of its institution — Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitu tion, viz : Articles in addition to, and amendment of, the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the Fifth Article of the original Constitution. The first ten amendments of the Constitution were ratified by the States as follows, viz : By New Jersey November 20, 1789. By Maryland December 19, 1789. By North Carolina December 22, 1789. By South Carolina January 19, 1790. By New Hampshire January 25, 1790. By Delaware January 28, 1790. By Pennsylvania March 10,1790. By New York March 27, 1790. By Rhode Island June 15, 1790. By Vermont Noveniber 3, 1791. By Virginia < December 15, 1791 . * It may be proper here to state that twelve articles of amendment were proposed by the First Con gress, of which but ten were ratified by the States— the first and second in order not having been ratified by the requisite number of States. These two were as follows : Article First.— After the first enumeration required by the First Article of the Constitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the number shall amount to one hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress that there shall not be less than one hundred Representatives, nor less than one Representative for every forty thousand persons, until the number of Representatives shall amount to two hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Con gress that there shall not be less than two hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representative to every fifty thousand persons. Article Second. — No law varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representa tives shall take effect until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. APPENDIX. 539 THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE ELEVENTH OF THE PRECEDING AMEND MENTS. THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, IN THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, ON MONDAY, THE SECOND OF DECEMBER, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY-THREE. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the following article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States; which, when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislatures, shall be valid as part of the said Constitution, viz : THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED. TO THE TWELFTH OF THE PRECEDING AMEND MENTS. EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, IN THE TERRITORY^ OF COLUMBIA, ON MONDAY, THE SEVENTEENTH OF OCTOBER, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND THREE. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That in lieu of the third paragraph of the first section of the Second Article of the Constitution of the United States, the following be proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States ; which, when ratified by three-fourths of the Legislatures of the several States, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitu tion, to wit : The ten first of the preceding amendments were proposed at the first session of the First Congress of the United States, September 25, 1789, and were finally ratified by the constitutional number of States, December 15, 1791. The eleventh amendment was proposed at the first session of the Third Congress, March 5, 1794, and was declared, in a message from the President of the United States to both Houses of Congress, dated January 8, 1798, to have been adopted by the constitutional number of States. The twelfth amendment was proposed at the first session of the Eighth Congress, December 12, 1803, and was adopted by the constitutional number of States in 1804, according to a public notice thereof by the Secretary of State, datedt September 25 of the same year. THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE THIRTEENTH OF THE PRECEDING AMEND MENTS. THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE SECOND SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, DIS TRICT OF COLUMBIA, ON THE FIRST DAY OF FEBRUARY, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIVE. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the following article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as an amendment to the 540 APPENDIX. Constitution of the United States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of said Legis latures, shall be valid, to all intents and purposes, as a part of said Constitution, namely : This amendment was declared adopted on the 18th day of December, 1865, at which time it had been duly ratified by the Legislatures of the States of Illinois, Rhode Island, Michigan, Maryland, New York, West Virginia, Maine, Kansas, Massachusetts, Penn sylvania, Virginia, Ohio, Missouri, Nevada, Indiana, Louisiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Vermont. Tennessee, Arkansas, Connecticut, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina, and Georgia — in all, 27 States. ORGANIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS. STATE DEPARTMENT. This Department is managed by the Secretary of State, and one Assistant Secretary. DIPLOMATIC BRANCH. This branch has charge of all correspondence between the Department and other diplomatic agents of the United States abroad, and those of foreign powers accredited to this Government. In it all diplomatic instructions sent from the Department, and communications to Commissioners under treaties of boundaries, &c, are prepared, copied, and recorded ; and all of like character received are registered and filed, their contents being first entered in an analytic table or index. CONSULAR BRANCH. This branch has charge of the correspondence, &c, between the Department and the Consuls and Commercial Agents of the United States. In it instructions to those offi cers, and answers to their despatches and to letters from other persons asking for con sular agency, or relating to consular affairs, are prepared and recorded. THE DISBURSING AGENT. He has charge of all correspondence and other matters connected with accounts rolating to any fund with the disbursement of which the Department is charged. THE TRANSLATOR. His duties are to furnish such translations as the Department may require. He also records the commissions of Consuls and Vice-Consuls, when not in English, upon which exequaturs are issued. CLERK OF APPOINTMENTS AND COMMISSIONS. He makes out and records commissions, letters of appointment, and nominations to the Senate ; makes out and records exequaturs, and records, when in English, the com missions on which they are issued. Has charge of the library. CLERK OF THE ROLLS AND ARCHIVES. He takes charge of the rolls, or enrolled acts and resolutions of Congress, as they are received at the Department from the President ; prepares the authenticated copies there of which are called for ; prepares for, and superintends their publication, and that of treaties, in the newspapers and in book form ; attends to their distribution throughout the United States, and that of all documents and publications in regard to which this duty is assigned to the Department; writing and answering all letters connected there with. Has charge of all Indian treaties, and business relating thereto. APPENDIX. 541 CLERK OF TERRITORIAL BUSINESS— THE SEAL OF THE DEPARTMENT. He has charge of the seals of the United States and of the Department, and prepares and attaches certificates to papers presented for authentication ; has charge of the terri torial business ; immigration and registered seamen ; records all letters from the Depart ment other than the diplomatic and consular. CLERK OF PARDONS AND PASSPORTS. He prepares and records pardons and remissions, and registers and files the petitions and papers on which they are founded. Makes out and records passports ; keeps a daily register of all letters, other than diplomatic and consular, received, and of the disposition made of them ; prepares letters relating to this business. SUPERINTENDENT OF STATISTICS. He superintends the preparation of the "Annual Report of the Secretary of State on Foreign Commerce," as required by the Acts of 1842 and 1*56. ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE. The Attorney General of the United Stales is at the head of this office, and has an Assistant Attorney General. Its ordinary business may be classified under the following heads : 1. Official opinions on the current business of the Government, as called for by the President, by any head of Department, or by the Solicitor of the Treasuiy. 2. Examination of the titles of all land purchased, as the sites of arsenals, custom houses, light-houses, and all other public works of the United States. 3. Applications for pardons in all cases of conviction in the courts of the United States. 4. Applications for appointment in all the judicial and legal business of the Govern ment. 5. The conduct and argument of all suits in the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Government is concerned. 6. The supervision of all other suits arising in any of the Departments when referred by the head thereof to the Attorney General. To these ordinary heads of the business of the office has been added the direction ot all appeals on land claims in California. INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. This Department is in charge of the Secretary of the Interior, and one Assistant Secretary, who have the supervision and management of the following branches of the public service : THE PUBLIC LANDS. The chief of this office is called the Commissioner of the General Land Office. It is charged with the survey, management, and sale of the public domain, and the issuing of titles therefor, whether derived from confirmation of grants made by former govern ments, by sales, donations, of grants for schools, military bounties, or public improve ments, and likewise the revision of Virginia military bounty land claims, and the issuing of scrip in lieu thereof. Tho Land Office, also, audits its own accounts. PENSIONS. The Commissioner of this bureau is charged with the examination and adjudication of all claims arising under the various and numerous laws passed by Congress granting bounty land or pensions for the military or naval service in the Revolutionary and subse quent wars in which the United States have been engaged. 542 APPENDIX. INDIANS. This bureau is in charge of a Commissioner of Indian Affairs, who has control of all business connected with the Indian tribes. PATENT OFFICE. To this bureau, whose head is called a Commissioner, is committed the execution and performance of all "acts and things touching and respecting the granting and issuing of patents for new and useful discoveries, inventions, and improvements ;" and the col lection of statistics. An act of Congress provided that all books, maps, charts* and other publications heretofore deposited in the Department of State, according to the laws regulating copy rights, should be removed to the Department of the Interior, which is charged with all the duties connected with matters pertaining to copyright ; which duties have been assigned by the Secretary of the Interior to the Patent Office, as belonging most appro priately to this branch of the service. Besides the above principal branches of this Executive Department, the organic act of 1849 transferred to it, from the Treasury Department, the supervision of the accounts of the United States Marshals and Attorneys, and the Clerks of the United States Courts, the management of the lead and other mines of the United States, and the affairs of the Penitentiary of the United States in the District of Columbia ; and from the State De partment, the duty of taking and returning the Censuses of the United States, and of supervising and directing the acts of the Commissioner of Public Buildings. The Hos pital for the Insane of the Army and Navy and of the District of Columbia is also under the management of this Department. It also has jurisdiction over what is called the Returns Office, where all the contracts made by the Government are deposited for reference. Under act of February 5, 1859, "providing for keeping and distributing all public documents, all the books, documents, &c, printed or purchased by the Government," the Annals of Congress, American State Papers, American Archives, Jefferson's and Adams's works, are transferred to this Department from the State Department, Library of Congress, and elsewhere. These works are distributed to those who are by law entitled to receive them, and to such "colleges, public libraries, athenaeums, literary and scientific institutions, boards of trade, or public associations," as shall be designated by the members of Congress. AGRICULTURE. This branch of public business is in charge of a Commissioner and has been re organized into a Department, and is independent of the Interior Department, of which it was formerly a subordinate bureau. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. The Treasuiy Department is in charge of the Secretary of the Treasury, and two Assistant Secretaries, and the following is a brief indication of the duties of the several bureaus : SECRETARY'S OFFICE. The Secretary is charged with the general supervision of the fiscal transactions of the Government, and of the execution of the laws concerning the commerce and navigation of the United States. He superintends the survey of the coast, the light- house establish ment, the marine hospitals of the United States, and the construction of certain public buildings for custom-houses and other purposes. FIRST COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE. He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering accounts for the civil and diplomatic service, as well as the public lands, and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. SECOND COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE. He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the accounts of the Army and Navy, and of the Indian and Pension bureaus, of the public service, and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. APPENDIX. 543 OFFICE COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS. He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the accounts of the customs revenue and disbursements, and for the building and repairing custom-houses, &c, and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. FIRST AUDITOR'S OFFICE. He receives and adjusts the accounts of the customs revenue and disbursements, appro priations and expenditures on the account of the civil list and under private acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the Commissioner of the Customs and the First Comptroller, respectively, for their decision thereon. SECOND AUDITOR'S OFFICE. He receives and adjusts all accounts relating to the pay, clothing, and recruiting of the army, as well as armories, arsenals and ordnance, and all accounts relating to the Indian Department, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. THIRD AUDITOR'S OFFICE. He receives and adjusts all accounts for subsistence of the army, fortifications, Mili tary Academy, military roads, and the Quartermaster's Department, as well as for pen sions, claims arising from military services previous to 1816, and for horses and other property lost in the military service, under various acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. FOURTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE. He receives and adjusts all accounts for the service of the Navy Department, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. FIFTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE. He receives and adjusts all accounts for diplomatic and similar services performed under the direction of the State Department, and reports the balances to the First Comp troller for his decision thereon. SIXTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE. He receives and adjusts all accounts arising from the service of the Post Office Depart ment. His decisions are final, unless an appeal be taken in twelve months to the First Comptroller. He superintends the collection of all debts due the Post Office Department, and all penalties and forfeitures imposed on postmasters and mail contractors for failing to do their duty ; he directs suits and legal proceedings, civil and criminal, and takes all such measures as may be authorized by law to enforce the prompt payment of moneys due to the department ; instructing United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks in all matters relating thereto ; and receives returns from each term of the United States Courts of the condition and progress of such suits and legal proceedings ; has charge of all lands and other property assigned to the United States in payment of debts due the Post Office Department, and has power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the United States. TREASURER'S OFFICE. He receives and keeps the moneys of the United States in his own office, and that of the depositaries created by the Act of August 6, 1846, and pays out the same upon war rants drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury, countersigned by the First Comptroller, and upon wan-ants drawn by the Postmaster General, countersigned by the Sixth Auditor, and recorded by the Register. He also holds public moneys advanced by war rant to disbursing officers, and pays out the same upon their checks. REGISTER'S OFFICE. He keeps the accounts of public receipts and expenditures ; receives the returns and makes out the official statement of commerce and navigation of the United States ; and 544 APPENDIX. receives from the First Comptroller and Commissioner of Customs all accounts and vouch ers decided by them, and is charged by law with their safe-keeping. SOLICITOR'S OFFICE. He superintends all civil suits commenced by the United States, (except those arising in the Post Office Department, ) and instructs the United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks in all matters relating to them and their results. He receives returns from each term of the United States Courts, showing the progress and condition of such suits; has charge of all lands and other property assigned to the United States in payment of debts, (except those assigned in payment of debts due the Post Office Department,) and has power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the United States. LIGHT-HOUSE BOARD. Secretary of the Treasuiy ex-officio President. This board directs the building and repairing of light-houses, light-vessels, buoys, and beacons, contracts for supplies of oil, &c. UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY. It has one Superintendent, who is also Superintendent of Weights and Measures. All the charts of the Government emanate from this office. INTERNAL REVENUE OFFICE. A Commissioner, who has charge of all matters connected with the Tax Laws. COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY. The head of this office has charge of everything connected with the issuing of money. BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION. This office is in charge of a Supervising Architect and two assistant architects. UNITED STATES .MINT. This establishment is located in Philadelphia, but is under the jurisdiction of the Treasury Department. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. The direction and management of the Post Office Department are assigned by the Constitution and laws to the Postmaster General. That its business may be the more conveniently arranged and prepared for his final action, it is distributed among several bureaus, as follows : The Appointment Office, in .charge of the First Assistant Post master General ; the Contract Office, in charge of the Second Assistant Postmaster Gen eral ; the Finance Office, in charge of the Third Assistant Postmaster General ; and the Inspection Office, in charge of the Chief Clerk. APPOINTMENT OFFICE. _ To this office are assigned all questions which relate to the establishment and discon tinuance of post offices, changes of sites and names, appointment and removal of post masters, and route and local agents, as, also, the giving of instructions to postmasters. Postmasters are furnished with marking and rating stamps and letter balances by this bureau, which is charged also with providing blanks and stationery for the use of the Department, aud with the superintendence of the several agencies established for sup plying postmasters with blanks. To this bureau is likewise assigned the supervision of the ocean mail steamship lines, and of the foreign and international postal arrangements. CONTRACT OFFICE. To this office is assigned the business of arranging the mail service of the United States, and placing the same under contract, embracing all correspondence and proceed- APPENDIX. 54c ings respecting the frequency of trips, mode of conveyance, and times of departures and arrivals on all the routes ; the course of the mail between the different sections of the country, the points of mail distribution, and the regulations for the government of the domestic mail service of the United States. It prepares the advertisements for mail pro posals, receives the bids, and takes charge of the annual and occasional mail lettings, and the adjustment and execution of the contracts. All applications for the establish ment or alteration of mail arrangements, and the appointment of mail messengers, should be sent to this office. All claims should be submitted to it for transportation service not under contract, as the recognition of said service is first to be obtained through the Con tract Office as a necessary authority for the proper credits at the Auditor's office. From this office all postmasters at the ends of routes receive the statement of mail arrange ments prescribed for the respective routes. It reports weekly to the Auditor all con tracts executed, and all orders affecting accounts for mail transportation ; prepares the statistical exhibits of the mail service, and the reports of the mail lettings, giving a statement of each bid ; also of the contracts made, the new service originated, the cur tailments ordered, and the additional allowances granted within the year. FINANCE OFFICE. To this office are assigned the supervision and management of the financial business of the Department, not devolved by law upon the Auditor, embracing accounts with the draft offices and other depositories of the Department, the issuing of warrants and drafts in payment of balances, reported by the Auditor to be due to mail contractors and other persons, the' supervision of the accounts of offices under orders to deposit their quarterly balances at designated points, and the superintendence of the rendition by postmasters of their quarterly returns of postages. It has charge of the dead-letter office, of the issuing of postage stamps and stamped envelopes for the prepayment of postage, and of the accounts connected therewith. To the Third Assistant Postmaster General all postmasters should direct their quar terly returns of postage ; those at draft offices their letters reporting quarterly the net proceeds of their offices ; and those at depositing offices their certificates of deposit ; to him should also be directed the weekly and monthly returns of the depositaries of the Department, as well as all applications and receipts for postage stamps and stamped envelopes, and for dead letters. INSPECTION OFFICE. To this office is assigned the duty of receiving and examining the registers of the arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates of the service of route agents, and reports of mail failures ; of noting the delinquencies of contractors, and preparing cases thereon for the action of the Postmaster General ; furnishing blanks for mail registers, and reports of mail failures ; providing and sending out mail-bags and_ mail-locks and keys, and doing all other things which may be necessary to secure a faithful and exact performance of all mail contracts. All cases of mail depredation, of violation of law by private expresses, or by the forg ing or illegal use of postage stamps, are under the supervision of this office, and should be reported to it. All communications respecting lost money, letters, mail depredations, or other viola tions of law, or mail-locks and keys, should be directed, " Chief Clerk, Post Office Department. " All registers of the arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates of the service of route agents, reports of mail failures, applications for blank registers, and reports of failures, and all complaints against contractors for irregular or imperfect service, should be directed, "Inspection Office, Post Office Department." 35 546 APPENDIX. NAVY DEPARTMENT. The duties of this Department are distributed through the Secretary's office and eight bureaus, viz : Bureau of Yards and Docks ; Bureau of Navigation ; Bureau of Ord nance ; Bureau of Construction and Repair; Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting; Bureau of Provisions and Clothing ; Bureau of Steam Engineering ; and Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. SECRETARY'S OFFICE. The Secretary of the Navy has charge of everything connected with the naval estab lishment, and all the duties of the several bureaus are performed under his authority, and their orders are considered as emanating from him. The Secretary issues all in structions to commanders of squadrons and vessels ; appointments of officers ; commis sions ; requisitions for money, &c. The general superintendence of the Marine Corps attaches to the Secretary, and the orders of the commandant of that corps are approved by him. He is assisted in his duties by one Assistant Secretary. BUREAU OF YARDS AND DOCKS. This bureau has charge of the navy yards, including the docks, wharves, buildings, and machinery ; the regulation of labor, and the general police of the yard. The Naval Asylum is attached to this bureau. BUREAU OF NAVIGATION. This bureau has charge of the maps, charts, navigating instruments, flags, signals, &c. The Naval Academy, Naval Observatory, and Nautical Almanac are attached to it. BUREAU OF ORDNANCE. This bureau has charge of ordnance and ordnance stores, the manufacture and pur chase of cannon, guns, powder, shot, shell, &c. BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION AND REPABS. This bureau has charge of the construction and repair of all vessels-of-war. BUREAU OF EQUIPMENT AND RECRUITING. This bureau has charge of the enlistment of men for the navy ; the equipment of vessels, including anchors, cables, rigging, sails, coal, &c. BUREAU OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING. All provisions for the use of the navy, clothing, and small stores, come under the charge of this bureau. BUREAU OF STEAM ENGINEERING. The construction and repair of steam engines for the navy, whether in the navy yards or on contract, come under this bureau. BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY. Everything relating to medicines and medical stores, treatment of sick and wounded, management of hospitals, &c, come within the superintendence of this bureau. MARINE CORPS. This corps is attached to the navy, and the immediate supervision of all the duties connected with it is vested in a colonel commandant, whose orders for duty are approved by the Secretary of the Navy. Attached to the corps is one quartermaster, two assist ant quartermasters, one adjutant and inspector, and one paymaster, with the duties usually appertaining to such offices. APPENDIX. 547 WAR DEPARTMENT. This Department is in charge of the Secretary of War, and one regular Assistant. The following bureaus are attached to this Department : COMMANDING GENERAL'S OFFICE. The duties of this officer comprise the arrangement of the military forces, and the superintendence of the recruiting service ; he attends to the discipline of the army ; orders courts-martial ; and it is his province to see that the laws and regulations of the army are enforced. This office is usually located in Washington, but wherever it may he, it is called the Headquarters of the Army. ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE. In this office are kept all the records which refer to the personnel of the army, the rolls, &c, and where all military commissions are made out ; all orders which emanate irom Headquarters or the War Department proper, pass through this office; and here are received all the annual returns from the army and militia of the United States. QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE. The objects of this bureau are to insure an efficient system of supply, and to give facility and effect to the movements and operations of the army. It also has control of the barracks, and furnishes the clothing and all transportation that may be required for the army. PAYMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE. All the disbursements in money are made to the army from this office. COMMISSARY-GENERAL'S OFFICE. This office is charged with the duty of purchasing and issuing all rations to the army. SURGEON-GENERAL'S OFFICE. All matters connected with medicine and surgery, are under the control of this office, as well as the management of the sick and wounded, and also all the hospitals. ENGINEER'S OFFICE. In addition to a general direction of all matters connected with the Engineer Corps of the army, this office is also charged with the care of the Military Academy at West Point. TOPOGRAPHICAL BUREAU. This bureau has charge of all topographical operations and surveys for military pur poses, and for purposes of internal improvement, and of all maps, drawings, and docu ments relating to those duties. ORDNANCE BUREAU. This office is charged with the control of the arsenals and armories, and has the superintendence of the manufacture of the arms and cannon, and the custody of all ordnance stores. BUREAU OF REFUGEES AND FREEDMEN. This office is in charge of a Major-General of the army, who has several assistants, including a Commissioner and a Commissary of Subsistence. To the above should be added the Bureau of Military Justice, that of the Inspector- General, and that of the Signal Corps of the Army, whose several duties will be readily understood. 548 APPENDIX. THE SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES OF THE A M E R I C A N U N I 0 N . THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES THAT FORMED AND CONFIRMED THE UNION, 1!Y THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION, ARE AS FOLLOWS : NEW HAMPSHIRE. First settled at Dover and Portsmouth, in 1623, by the Puritans. Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same juris diction until September 18, 1679, when a separate charter and government was granted. A Constitution was formed January 5, 1776, which was altered in 1784, and was further altered and amended February 13, 1792. This State ratified the Constitution of the United States, June 21, 1788. Area, 9,280 square miles. Population in 1850, 317,97(1; 1860, 326,073. MASSACHUSETTS. First settled at Plymouth, by English Puritans from Holland, who landed December 22, 1620. Chartered March 4, 1629; also chartered January 13, 1630; an explanatory charter granted August 20, 1726; and more completely chartered October 7, 1731. Formed a Constitution March 2, 1780, which was altered and amended November 3, 1820, and on several occasions since that time. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, February 6, 1788. Area, 7,800 square miles. Population in 1850,994,514; I860, 1,231,066. RHODE ISLAND. First settled at Providence, iu 163G, by Roger Williams. Was chartered by Parliament in 1644; by King Charles II in 1663, which charter was abrogated in 1776. Had an unwritten Constitution until 1842, when a written Constitution was adopted. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, May 29, 1790. Area, 1,306 square miles. Population in 1850, 147,545: M>0, 174,621. CONNECTICUT. First settled at Windsor, in 1635, by Puritans. Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same juris diction until April 23, 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which continued in force until a Constitution was formed, September 15, 1818. Ratified the Constitution of tho United States, January 9 1788. Area, 4,674 square miles. Population in 1650, 370,792 ; I860, 460,147. NEW YORK. First settled on Manhattan Island in 1614. Granted to Duke of York March 20, J664, April 26, 1664, and June 24, Kitil. Newly patented February 9, 1674; formed a Constitution April 20, 1777, which was amended October 27, 1801, and fmther amended November 10, 1821. A new Constitution was formed in 1816. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, July 26, 1788. Area, 50,519 square miles. Population in 1850, 3,097,394; 1860, 3,880,735. AP P EN D I X . 549 NEW JERSEY. First settled at Bergen, in 1620, by the Dutch. Held under the same grants as New York ; separated into East and West Jersey March 3, 1677. The government surrendered to the Crown in 1702, and so continued until the formation of a Constitution, July 2, 1770. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 18, 1787. Area, 8,320 square miles. Population in 1850, 489,555: I860, 672,035. PENNSYLVANIA. First settled on the Delaware' River, in 1682, by William Penn. Chartered Februaiy 28, 1681; formed a Constitution September 2*, 1776: amended September 2, 1790, and in 1838, and 1857. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 12, 1787. Area, 46,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 2,311,786: I860, 2,906,115. DELAWARE. First settled at Cape Henlopen, in 1627, by Swedes and Fins. Embraced in the charter and continued under the government of Pennsylvania until the formation of a Constitution, September 20, 1776 ; a new Constitution formed June J2, 1792, and amended in 1831. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 7, 1787. Area, 2.120 square miles. Population in 1850. 91,532; I860, 112,216. MARYLAND. First settled at St. Mary, in 1634, by Roman Catholics. Chartered June 20, 1632 ; formed a Constitution August 14, 1776, which was amended in 1795 and 1799, and further amended in November, 1812 and 1851. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, April 28, 1788. Area, 11,124 square miles. Population in 1850, 583,034 ; 1860, 687,049. New Constitution abolishing slavery adopted in September, 1854. VIRGINIA. First settled at Jamestown, in 1607, by the English. Chartered April 10, 1606, May 23, 1609, and March 12, 1612; formed a Constitution July 5, 1776; amended, January 15, 1830. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, June 26. 1788. Area, 38,352 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,421,661 ; 1860, 1,261,397. NORTH CAROLINA. First settled at Albemarle, in 1650, by the English. Chartered March 20, 1663, and June 30, 1665; formed a Constitution December 18, 1776, which was amended in 1835. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, NovenibM, 21,23, 2, li 4, I, 17881788 17901788 1788 178717871787 17661788 1789 1788 178H 17911792 .. .do do June J, 1796 . . . do do Nov. 29, 1802 ...do do April 8,1812 ...do do Dec. 11, 1816 ...do do Dec. 10, 1617 . . . do do Dec. 3, 1818 ...do clo Dee. 14, 1819 Population. Ratio of repre sentation at time of ad mission. 141,899 378,717 69,110 238,141 340, 120 184,139 434,373 59, 096 319,728748, 308 393, 751 249, 073 82, 548 65, 539 73, 077 77, 202 J 41,915 [ 70, 556 I 63, 897 75,512 J 34,620 | 144,317 33, 000 33, 000 33, 000 35, 090 35, 000 35, 000 35, 000 Representatives before next apportionment. 8 I 04H I (i 1(1 First Censu Do. Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.Do. Do.Do. l),i. Do. Do. See Williams's taken in August, 179(1. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do.Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. History of Vermont. Census of 1790. No census of Territory previous to admission. Teiritorial census. See American State Papers, Mis., vol. i, p. 147. See American State Papers, Mis., vol. i, p. 325. Census of 1610. No census of Territory previous to admission. Territorial census. See American State Papers, Mis., vol. ii, p. 277. Territorial census. See American State Papers, Mis., vol. ii, p. 407. Territorial census. See Niles's Register, vol. xiv, p. 359. Census of 1820. Maine j do . Missouri do. Arkansas j do . Michigan j do . .do. .do..do. .March 15, 1820 .Aug. 10,1821 .June 15,1836 Florida . . . Texas Wi.SCOllMtl Iowa California . Minnesota. Oregon Kansas West Virginia . .. Nevada .do..do. .do. ....do.....do. ....do. .do..do. .do. .do. .do Jan. 26,1837 .do..do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do..do. .do. ..March 3,1845 ..Dec. 29,1845 ..May 29,1848 . Dw. 26,1646 . Sept. 9, 1850 .Mav 11,1858 .Feb. 12,1859 .Dec. 6,1859 .Dec. 31,1862 .Oct. 31,1864 298, 335 66, 580 52, 240 200, 000 54, 477 250, 000 210,596 81,920 107,000150,042 52, 465 107, 206 393, 234 40, 000 35, 000 35, 000 47, 700 17,700 70, 680 70, 080 70, 680 70, 680 70, 680 93, 420 93, 420 93, 420 127, 000 127,000 Census of 1620. Census of 1820. Territorial census. See Ex. Docs. H. R., vol. iv, No. 144, 1st sess. 24th Cong. Estimated population Dec. 1836. See Docs. H. R., vol. ii, No. 68, 2d sess. 24th Cong. Census of 1840. No census of Territory previous to admission. See American Almanac for 1844. . Territorial census of 1847. See Ex. Doc. H. R., 1st sess. 30th Cong., No. 55, vol. V. Territorial census of 1844. See American Almanac for 1846. Estimated population. See Sen. Mis. Docs., vol. i, No. 68, 1st sess. 31st Cong. Territorial Census. See Annual Rep. of Sec'y of the Interior, 1 st sess. 35th Cong. Census of 1860. Census of 1860. Census of 1860. Estimated in 1863. ft b Oi -3 558 A P P END IX. THE STATE AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS, SINCE THE ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. MAINE. FROM TO William King , 1820 1822 Albion K. Parris 1822 1827 Enoch Lincoln 1827 1829 Jonathan G. Hunton 1829 1831 Samuel E. Smith 1831 1834 Robert P. Dunlap 1 834 1838 Edward Kent 1 838 1839 John Fairfield 1839 1840 Edward Kent 1840 1841 John Fairfield 1841 1843 Edward Kavanaugh, (acting). 1843 1844 Hugh J. Anderson 1844 1847 JohnW. Dana 1847 1850 John Hubbard 1850 1853 William G. Crosby 1853 1855 Anson P. Morrill 1855 1856 Samuel Wells 1856 1857 Hannibal Hamlin 1857 1857 Joseph H. Williams 1657 1858 Lot M. Morrill 1858 1859 Lot M. Morrill, (re-elected) .... 1 859 1860 Israel Washburne, Jr 1 860 1862 Abner Coburn 1862 1863 Samuel Cony 1863 1867 Salary, 1,500. Term, one year. Seat of Government, Augusta. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Josiah Bartlett 1792 1794 John Taylor Gilman 1794 1 805 John Langdon 1805 1809 Jeremiah Smith 1809 1810 John Langdon 1810 1812 William Plumer 1812 1813 John Taylor Gilman 1813 1816 William Plumer 1816 1819 Samuel Bell 1819 1823 Levi Woodbury 1823 1824 David L. Morrill 1824 1827 Benjamin Pierce 1827 1828 John Bell 1828 1830 Matthew Harvey 1830 1831 Joseph M. Harper 1831 1831 Samuel Dinsmoor 1831 1834 William Badger 1834 1836 Isaac Hill 1836 1839 John Page 1839 1642 FROM TO Henry Hubbard 1842 1844 John H. Steele 1844 1846 Anthony Colby 1846 1847 Jared W. Williams 1847 1849 Samuel Dinsmoor 1 849 1852. Noah Martin 1852 1854' Nathaniel B. Baker 1854 1855 Ralph Metcalf 1855 1856 Ralph Metcalf 1 856 1857 William Haile 1857 1858 William Haile, (re-elected) ...1858 1859 William Haile, (re-elected) ...1859 1860 Ichabod Goodwin I860 1861 Nathaniel S. Berry 1862 1863 Joseph A. Gilmore 1 863 1 865 Frederick Smyth 1865 1866 Salary, $1,000. Term, one year. Seat of Government, Concord. VERMONT. Moses Robinson 1789 1790 Thomas Chittendgn 1790 1797 Isaac Tiehenor 1797 1807 Israel Smith 1807 1808 Isaac Tiehenor 1808 1809 Jonas Galusha 1809 1813 Martin Chittenden 1813 1815 Jonas Galusha 1815 1820 Richard Skinner 1820 1823 C. P. Van Ness 1823 1826 Ezra Butler 1826 1828 Samuel C. Crafts 1828 1831 William A. Palmer 1831 1835 Silas A. Jenison 1835 1841 Charles Paine 1841 1843 John Mattocks 1843 1844 William Slade 1844 1846 Horace. Eaton 1846 1849 Charles Coolidge 1849 1850 Charles K. Williams 1850 1852 Erastus Fairbanks 1852 1853 John S. Robinson 1853 1854 Stephen Royce 1854 1856 Ryland Fletcher 1856 1858 Hiland Hail 1858 1859 HilandHall, (re-elected) 1859 I860 Erastus Fairbanks 1860 1861 Frederick Holbrook 1861 1863 APPENDIX. 559 FROM TO J. Gregory Smith 1863 1865 Paul Dillingham 1865 1866 Salary, 1,000. Term, one year. Seat of Government, Montpelier. MASSACHUSETTS. John Hancock 1789 1794 1 Samuel Adams 1794 1797 Increase Sumner 1797 1799 Moses Gill, (acting) 1799 1800 CalebStrong 1800 1807 James Sullivan 1807 1808 Levi Lincoln, (acting) 1808 1809 Christopher Gore 1809 181 0 Elbridge Gerry 1810 181 2 Caleb Strong 1812 1816 JohnBrooks 1816 1823 WilUam Eustis 1823 1825 Marcus Morton, (acting) 1825- 1825 Levi Lincoln 1 825 1 834 JohnDavis 1834 1836 S. Y. Armstrong, (acting) 1836 1836 Edward Everett 1836 1840 Marcus Morton 1840 1841 John Davis 1641 1843 Marcus Morton 1843 1844 George N. Briggs 134 1 1851 George S. Boutwell 1851 1 853 John H. Clifford 1853 1854 Emory Washburn 1854 1855 Henry J. Gardner 1855 1858 Nathaniel P. Banks 1858 1860 John A. Andrew 1860 1866 Alexander H. Bullock 1 866 1867 Salary, $3,500. Term, one year. Seat of Government, Boston. RHODE ISLAND. Arthur Fenner 1790 1805 Henry Smith, (acting) 1805 1806 Isaac Wilbur, (acting) 1906 1807 James Fenner 1807 1811 William Jones 1811 1817 Nehemiah R. Knight ....1817 1821 William C. Gibbs 1821 1824 James Fenner 1824 1831 Lemuel H. Arnold 1831 1833 John B. Francis 1833 1838 WilUam Sprague 1838 1839 Samuel W. King, (acting) .... 1839 1840 Samuel W. King 1840 1843 James Fenner 1843 1845 Charles Jackson 1845 1846 Byron Diman 1846 1847 ElishaHarris 1847 1849 Henry B. Anthony 1849 1851 Philip Allen 185 1 1852 Wm. BeachLawrence,(acting).1852 1852 Philip Allen 1852 1853 FROM TO Francis M. Dimond 1853 1854 William W. Hoppin 1 654 1857 Elisha Dyer 1 857 1859 Thomas G. Turner 1859 1860 William Sprague 1860 1863 John R. Bartlett, (acting) ....1861 1862 William C. Cozzens, (acting) .1862 1863 James G. Smith 1863 1866 Ambrose E. Burnside 1866 1867 Salary, ,$1,000. Term, one year. Seats of Government, Newport and Providence, alternately. CONNECTICUT. Samuel Huntington 1785 1796 Oliver Wolcott 1796 1798 Jonathan Trumbull 1798 1809 John Treadwell 1809 1811 Roger Griswold 1811 1813 John Cotton Smith 1813 1818 Oliver Wolcott 1818 1827 Gideon Tomlinson 1827 1 831 JohnS. Peters 1831 1833 Henry W. Edwards 1833 1834 Samuel A. Foote 1834 1835 Henry W. Edwards 1835 1838 William W. Ellsworth 1838 1842 Chauncey F. Cleveland 1842 1844 Roger S. Baldwin 1844 1846 Isaac Toucey 1846 1847 Clark Bissell 1847 1849 Joseph Trumbull 1849 1850 Thomas H. Seymour 1850 1853 C. H. Pond, (acting) 1853 1854 Henry Dutton 1854 1855 William T. Minor 1 855 1 857 Alexander H. Holley 1857 1 858 William A. Buckingham 1858 1866 JosephR. Hawley 1866 1867 Salary, 81,100. Term, one year. Seats of Government, Hartford an Haven, alternately. NEW YORK. George Clinton 1789 John Jay 1795 George Clinton 1801 Morgan Lewis 1 804 Daniel D. Tompkins 1807 John Tayler, (acting) 1816 De Witt Clinton 1817 Joseph C. Yates 1822 De Witt Clinton 1824 Nathaniel Pitcher 1827 Martin Van Buren 1828 Enos T. Throop - 1830 William L. Marcy 1832 William H. Seward 1838 William C. Bouck 1842 d New 17951801 1804 1807 181618171822 1824 18271828 183018321638 18421844 560 APPENDIX. FROM TO Silas Wright 1844 1846 John Young 1846 1848 Hamilton Fish 1848 1850 Washington Hunt 1850 1852 Horatio Seymour 1852 1854 Myron H. Clark 1854 1856 JohnA. King.' 1856 1858 Edwin D. Morgan 1858 1862 Horatio Seymour 1862 1864 Reuben E. Fenton 1864 1 867 Salary, $4,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Albany. NEW JERSEY. William Livingston 1789 1794 William Paterson 1794 1794 Richard Howell 1 794 1 801 Joseph Bloomfield 1801 1812 Aaron Ogden 1812 1813 William S. Pennington 1813 1815 Mahlon Dickerson 1815 1817 Isaac H. Williamson 1817 1829 Peter D. Vroom 1829 1832 Samuel L. Southard 1832 1833 Elias P. Seely 1833 1833 Peter D. Vroom 1833 1836 Philemon Dickerson 1836 1837 William Pennington 1837 1843 Daniel Haines 1 843 1844 Charles C. Stratton 1844 1848 Daniel Haines 1848 1851 George F. Fort 1851 1854 Rodman M. Price 1854 1857 William A. Newell 1857 1860 Charles S. Olden ...I860 1863 Joel Parker 1863 1866 Marcus L. Ward 1 866 1 869 Salary, $3,000. Term, three years. Seat of Government, Trenton. PENNSYLVANIA. Thomas Mifflin 1790 1799 Thomas McKean 1799 1808 Simon Snyder 1608 1617 William Findlay 1817 1 620 Joseph Heister 1620 1823 John Andrew Slmlze 1823 1829 George Wolf 1829 1835 Joseph Ritner 1635 1839 David R. Porter 1839 1845 Francis R. Shrink 1 845 1 848 William F. Johnston ] 848 1852 William Bigler J 852 1 855 James Pollock 1 655 1 658 William F. Packer 1658 1861 Andrew G. Curtin 1861 1867 Salary, §3,500. Term, three years. Seat of Government, Harrisburg. DELAWARE. FROM TO Joshua Clayton 1783 1796 Gunning Bedford 1 796 1797 Daniel Rogers 1797 1798 Richard Bassett 1798 1801 James Sykes, (acting) 1801 1802 David Hall 1802 1805 Nathaniel Mitchell 1 805 1808 George Truett 1808 1811 Joseph Haslett 1811 1814 Daniel Rodnev 1814 1817 John Clarke. ." 1817 1820 Jacob Stout, ( acting) 1820 1821 John Collins 1821 1822 Caleb Rodney, (acting) 1822 1823 Joseph Haslett 1823 1824 Samuel Paynter 1 824 1827 George Poindexter 1 827 1830 David Hazzard 1830 1833 Caleb P. Bennett 1833 1837 Cornelius P. Comegys 1837 1840 William B. Cooper 1840 1844 Thomas Stockton 1 844 18 16 Joseph Maul, (acting) 1846 1846 William Temple 1846 1846 William Thorp 1846 1851 William H. Ross 1851 1855 Peter F. Causey 1 855 1859 William Burton 1859 1863 William Cannon 1863 1865 Gove Saulsbury 1 865 1867 Salary, $1,333£. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Dover. MARYLAND. John Eager Howard 1768 1792 George Plater 1792 1792 Thomas Sim Lee 1792 1794 John H. Stone 1794 1797 John Henry 179V 1796 Benjamin Ogle 1798 1801 JohnF. Mercer 1801 1803 Robert Bowie 1803 1805 Robert Wright 1805 1809 Edward Lloyd 1809 1811 Robert Bowie 1811 1812 Levin Winder 1812 1815 C. Ridgely 1815 1818 C.W. Goldsborough.... 1818 1819 Samuel Sprigg 1819 1822 Samuel Stevens 1822 1826 Joseph Kent.... 1826 1829 Daniel Martin 1829 1830 T. K. Carroll 1830 1831 Daniel Martin 1831 1831 George Howard, (acting) 1831 1832 George Howard 1832 1833 James Thomas 1833 1 836 Thomas W. Veasav 1836 1838 William Gravson '. 1836 1841 APPEND I X. 561 FROM TO Francis Thomas 1841 1844 Thomas G.Pratt 1844 1848 Philip F. Thomas 1848 1851 EnochL. Lowe 1851 1854 Thomas W.Lygon 1854 1858 Thomas H. Hicks 1858 1862 Augustus W. Bradford 1 862 1666 Thomas Swan 1866 1868 Salary, $3,600, with a furnished house. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Annapolis. VIRGINIA. Beverly Randolph 1 788 1791 Henry Lee 1791 1794 Robert Brooke 1794 1796 James Wood 1796 1799 James Monroe 1799 1802 John Page 1802 1805 William H. Cabell 1805 1 808 John Tyler 1808 1811 James Monroe 1811 1811 George W. Smith 1811 1812 James Barbour 1812 1814 Wilson C.Nicholas 1814 1816 James P. Preston 1816 1819 Thomas M. Randolph 1819 1822 James Pleasants 1822 1825 John Tyler 1825 1827 William B. Giles 1827 1830 John Floyd 1830 1834 Littleton W. Tazewell 1834 1836 Windham Robertson, (acting). 1836 1837 David Campbell 1837 1840 Thomas W. Gilmer 1840 1841 John Rutherford 1841 1842 John M. Gregory 1842 1843 James McDowell 1843 1846 William Smith 1846 1849 JohnB. Floyd 1849 1852 Joseph Johnson 1852 1856 Henry A. Wise 1856 1860 John Letcher 1860 1864 Francis H. Pierpoint 1 864 1868 Salary $3,000. Term, three years. Seat of Government, Richmond. NORTH CAROLINA. Alexander Martin 1789 1792 Richard D. Spaight 1 792 1 795 Samuel Ashe 1795 1798 William R. Davie 1798 1799 Benjamin Williams 1799 1802 James Turner 1802 1805 Nathaniel Alexander 1805 1807 Benjamin Williams 1807 1808 David Stone 1808 1810 Benjamin Smith 1810 1811 William Hawkins 1811 1814 36 FROM TO William Miller 1814 1817 JohnBranch 1817 1820 Jesse Franklin 1820 1821 Gabriel Holmes 1821 1 824 Hutchins G. Burton 1824 1 827 James Iredell 1827 1828 John Owen 1828 1830 Montfort Stokes 1830 1832 David L.Swain 1832 1835 Richard D. Spaight 1 835 1837 Edward B. Dudley 1837 1841 John M. Morehead 1841 1845 William A. Graham 1845 1849 Charles Manly 1849 1851 DavidS. Reid 1851 1855 Thomas Bragg 1855 1859 John W.Ellis 1859 1861 Z.B.Vance 1861 1865 Wm. W.Holden, (Provisional). 1865 1865 Jonathan Worth 1865 1867 Salary, $2,000, with a furnished house. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Raleigh. SOUTH CAROLINA. Charles Pinckney 1789 Arnoldus Vanderhorst 1792 Willian Moultrie 1794 Charles Pinckney 1796 Edward Rutledge 1798 John Drayton, (acting) 1800 John Drayton, (acting) 1800 James B. Richardson 1802 Paul Hamilton 1804 Charles Pinckney 1806 John Drayton 1808 Henry Middleton 1810 Joseph Alston 1812 David R. Williams 1 814 Andrew Pickens 1816 JohnGeddes 1818 Thomas Bennet 1820 John L.Wilson 1822 Richard I. Manning 1 824 John Taylor 1826 Stephen D. Miller 1828 James Hamilton 1830 Robert Y. Hayne 1832 George McDuffie 1834 Pierce M. Butler 1836 Patrick Noble 1838 B. K. Hennegan, (acting) 1840 J. P. Richardson 1840 James H. Hammond 1842 William Aiken 1844 David Johnson '846 W.B. Seabrook 1848 John H. Means !850 John L. Manning 1852 James H.Adams J 854 R. F. W. Alston 18ob 17921794179617981800180018021804 1806 18081810 181218141816 18181820 18221824182618281830 1832183418361838184018401842 1844184618481850 18521854 18561858 562 APPENDIX. FROM TO William H. Gist 1858 1860 Francis W. Pickens 1 860 1862 M.L.Bonham 1862 1864 Benj. F. Perry, (Provisional) . . 1865 1866 James L. On- 1866 1869 Salary, $3,500. Term, two years . Seat of Government, Columbia. GEORGIA. George Walton 1789 1790 Edward Telfair 1790 1793 George Matthews 1793 1796 Jared Irwin 1796 1798 James Jackson 1798 1801 David Emanuel, (acting) 1801 1801 Josiah Tatnall 1801 1802 John Milledge 1802 1806 Jared Irwin 1806 1809 David B.Mitchell 1809 1813 Peter Early 1813 1815 David B. Mitchell 1815 1817 WilUam Rabun 1817 1819 Matthew Talbot, (acting) 1819 1819 John Clarke 1819 1823 George M. Troup 1823 1827 John Forsyth 1827 1829 George R. Gilmer 1829 1631 Wilson Lumpkin 1831 1835 William Schley 1835 1837 George R. Gilmer. 1837 1839 Charles J. McDonald 1839 1843 George W. Crawford 1843 1 847 George W. B. Towns 1847 1851 Howell Cobb 1851 1853 Herschel V. Johnson 1853 1 857 Joseph E. Brown 1857 1865 James Johnson, (Provisional). 1865 1865 Charles J. Jenkins 1 865 1 867 Salary, $3,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Milledgeville. FLORIDA.TERRITORY. AVilliam P. Duvall 1822 1834 JohnH. Eaton 1834 1836 Richard K. Call. 1836 1844 John Branch 1844 1 S45 STATE. William D. Moseley ] 345 ] 849 Thomas Brown ...*.... 1849 1853 James E. Broome 1853 1857 Madison S. Perry 1 857 1861 John Milton 1861 1864 William Marvin, (Provisional) . 1 865 1866 David S. Walker 1866 1 868 Salary, $1,500. Term four years. Seat of Government Tallahassee. ALABAMA. FROM TO William W. Bibb 1819 1820 Thomas Bibb 1820 1821 Israel Pickens 1821 1825 John Murphy 1825 1829 Gabriel Moore 1829 183] JohnGayle 1831 1835 Clement C. Clay 1835 1837 Arthur P. Bagby 1837 1841 Benjamin Fitzpatrick 1841 1845 Joshua L. Martin 1845 1847 Reuben Chapman 1847 1849 Henry W. Collier 1849 1853 JohnA. Winston 1853 1857 Andrew B. Moore 1857 1861 Re-elected 1 861 1863 Thomas H. Watts 1863 1865 Lewis E. Parsons, (Provisional) 1865 1865 R. M. Patton 1865 1867 Salary, $2,500. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Montgomery. MISSISSIPPI. territory. Winthrop Sargent 1798 1802 W. C. C. Claiborne 1802 1805 Robert Williams 1805 1809 David Holmes 1 809 1817 state. David Holmes 1817 1819 George Poindexter 1819 1821 Waiter Leake ; 1821 1825 David Holmes 1825 1827 Gerard C. Brandon 1827 1831 Abraham M. Scott 1831 1833 Hiram G. Runnels 1833 1 835 Charles Lynch 1835 1837 Alexander G. McNutt 1837 1841 Tilgham M. Tucker 1841 1843 Albert G. Brown 1843 1848 Joseph W. Mathews : . 1848 1850 John A. Quitman 1850 1851 John J. Guion, (acting) 1851 1851 James Whitfield 1851 1852 Henry S. Foote 1852 1854 John J. MacRae 1854 1858 William Mc Willie 1858 1860 John J. Pettus 1860 1862 Jacob Thompson 1862 Wm. L. Sharkey, (Provisional)1865 1866 Benjamin J. Humphries 1866 1868 Salary, $3,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Jackson. A PPENDIX. 563 LOUISIANA. TERRITORY" OF ORLEANS. FROM TO William C. C. Claiborne 1804 1812 STATE. William C. C. Claiborne 1812 1816 James Villare 1816 1820 Thomas B. Robertson 1820 1822 H. S. Thibodeaux, (acting) . . . 1822 1824 Henry Johnson 1824 1828 Peter Derbigny 1828 1829 A. Bauvais, (acting) 1829 1830 Jacques Dupre, (acting) 1830 1830 Andre B. Roman 1830 1834 Edward D. White 1834 183S Andre B.Roman 1838 1841 Alexander Manton 1841 1845 Isaac Johnson 1845 1850 Joseph Walker 1850 1854 PaulO. Hebert 1854 1858 R. C. Wickliffe 1858 1860 Thomas O. Moore 1860 1864 Michael Hahn 1864 1864 James M. Wells 1864 1868 Salary, $4,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Baton Rouge. TEXAS. J. Pinckney Henderson 1846 1847 George T. Wood 1847 1849 P. H. Bell 1849 1853 Edward M. Pease 1853 1857 H. G.Runnels 1857 1859 SamHouston 1859 1861 F. R. Lubbeck 1861 1865 A. J. Hamilton, (Provisional) .1865 1866 J. W. Throckmorton I860 1868 Salary, $3,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Austin. ARKANSAS. TERRITORY. James Miller 1819 1825 George Izard 1825 1829 John Pope 1829 1835 William S. Fulton 1835 1836 STATE. James S. Conway 1836 1840 Archibald Yell 1840 1844 Samuel Adams, (acting) 1844 1844 Thomas S. Drew 1844 1848 John S.Roane 1848 1852 Elias N. Conway 1852 1860 Henry M. Rector I860 1864 FROM TO Isaac Murphy 1864 1 868 Salary, $2,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Little Rock. TENNESSEE. John Sevier 1796 1801 Archibald Roane 1801 1803 John Sevier 1803 1809 WiUieBlount 1809 1815 Joseph McMin 1815 1821 William Carroll 1821 1827 Samuel Houston 1827 1829 William Carroll 1829 1835 Newton Cannon 1835 1839 James K.Polk 1839 1841 James C. Jones 1841 1845 Aaron V. Brown 1845 1847 NeilS. Brown, 1847 1849 William Trousdale 1 849 1 851 William B. Campbell 1851 1853 Andrew Johnson 1853 1857 IshamG. Harris 1857 2861 Andrew Johnson, (military) -.1862 1864 W. G. Brownlow 1865 1867 Salary, $2,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Nashville. KENTUCKY. Isaac Shelby 1792 1790 James Garrard 1796 1804 Christopher Greenup 1804 1808 Charles Scott 1808 1812 Isaac Shelby 1812 1816 George Madison 1816 1816 G. Slaughter, (acting) 1816 1820 John Adair 1820 1824 Joseph Desha 1824 1828 Thomas Metcalfe 1828 1832 John Breathitt 1832 1834 J. T. Morehead, (acting) 1834 1836 James Clark 1836 1837 C. A. Wickliffe, (acting) 1839 1840 Robert P. Letcher 1840 1844 William Owsley 1844 1848 John J. Crittenden 1848 1850 John L. Helm, (acting) 1850 1851 Lazarus W. Powell 1851 1855 Charles S. Morehead 1855 1859 Beriah Magoffin 1859 1801 J.F.Robinson 1861 1863 Thomas E. Bramlette 1863 1 6(37 ' Salary, $2,500. Term, four years. Scat of Government, Frankfort. OHIO. TERRITORY. Arthur St. Clair 1788 1 803 564 APPEND IX. FROM TO Edward Tiffin 1803 1807 Thomas Kirker, (acting) 1807 1807 Samuel Huntington 1808 1810 Return J. Meigs 1810 1814 Othneil Looker, (acting) 1814 1814 Thomas Worthington 1814 1818 Ethan Allen Brown 1818 1622 Allen Trimble, (acting) 1822 1822 Jeremiah Morrow 1822 1 826 Allen Trimble 1826 1 830 Duncan McArthur 1830 1832 RobertLucas 1832 1836 Joseph Vance 1836 1838 Wilson Shannon 1836 1840 Thomas Corwin 1840 1842 Wilson Shannon 1842 1844 Thomas W. Bartley, (acting). .1844 1S44 Mordecai Bartley 1 844 1846 WilUam Bebb 1646 1848 Seabury Ford 1846 1850 Reuben Wood 1850 1853 William Medill 1853 1856 Salmon P. Chase 1856 I860 William Dennison 1860 1362 David Tod 1862 1864 John Brough 1864 1865 Charles Anderson, (acting) 1865 1866 Jacob D. Cox 1866 1868 Salary, $1,800. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Columbus. MICHIGAN. TERRITORY. William Hull 1805 1814 Lewis Cass 181 4 1831 George B. Porter 1831 1834 Stevens T. Mason, (acting). ..1834 1835 J. S. Horner, (acting) 1835 1836 STATE. Stevens T. Mason 1836 1840 William Woorlbridge 1840 1841 J. W. Gordon, (acting) 1841 1842 John S. Barry 1842 1846 Alpheus Felch 1846 1647 W. L Greenley, (acting) 1847 1848 Epaphroditus Ransom 1 848 1 850 John S. Barry 1850 1853 Robert McClelland 1853 1 853 A. Parsons, ( acting) 1853 1 855 Kinsley S. Bingham 1855 1857 Kinsley S. Bingham 1857 1859 Moses Wisner 1859 1861 Austin Blair 1861 1865 Henry H. Crapo 1865 1867 Salary, $1,500. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Lansing. INDIANA. TERRITORY. FnOM TO Benjamin Howard 1811 STATE. Jonathan Jennings 1816 1822 WilUam Hendricks 1822 1825 James Brown Ray 1825 1831 Noah Noble 1831 1837 David Wallace 1837 1840 Samuel Bigger .' 1840 1843 James Whitcomb 1843 1848 Paris C. Dunning* 1848 1849 Joseph A. Wright 1849 1857 Ashbel P. Willard 1857 Died Henry S. Lane 1861 1861 O. P.Morton 1861 1867 Salary, $1,500, with a furnished house. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Indianapolis. ILLINOIS. TERRITORY. Ninian Edwards 1809 1816 STATE. Shadrach Bond 1818 Edward Coles 1822 Ninian Edwards 1826 John Reynolds 1830 Joseph Duncan 1834 Thomas Carlin 1838 Thomas Ford 1842 Augustus C. French 1 846 Joel A. Matteson 1 853 William II. Bissell 1857 Richard Yates 1860 Richard J. Oglesby 1865 Salary, $1,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Springfield. MISSOURI.TERRITORY. Benjamin Howard William Clark 1822 182C183018341838 18421846 1853 185718601865 1869 STATE. Alexander McNair 1820 Frederick Bates 1824 John Miller 1826 Daniel Dunklin 1832 L. W. Boggs 1836 Thomas Reynolds 1840 John C. Edwards 1844 Austin A. King 1848 Sterling Price 1853 Trusten Polk 1857 Hancock Jackson, f acting) . . .1857 R. M. Stewart 1857 1824 1826 18321836 18401844184S 18531857 185718571861 ' Dnrinj the unexpired term of Governor Whitcomb, elected in ] 8-18 to tho United States Senate. A PPEND IX. 565 FROM TO Claiborne F. Jackson 1861 1861 H. R. Gamble 1861 1864 Thomas C. Fletcher 1864 1868 Salary, $2,500, with a furnished house, Term, four years. Seat of Government, Jefferson City. IOWA. Ansel Briggs 1846 1850 Stephen Hempstead 1850 1854 James W. Grimes 1854 1858 Ralph P. Lowe 1858 1860 S. J. Kirkwood 1860 1864 Wm. M.Stone 1864 1868 Salary, $2,200. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Des Moines City. WISCONSIN. TERRITORY. Henry Dodge 1836 1841 James D. Doty 1841 1844 Nathaniel P. Tallmadge 1844 ] 845 Henry Dodge 1845 1848 STATE. Nelson Dewey 1848 1 851 Leonard J. Farwell 1851 1853 William A. Barstow 1853 1855 Coles Bashford 1855 1857 Alexander W. Randall 1857 1861 Edward Solomon 1861 1863 James T. Lewis 1863 1866 Lucius Fairchild 1 866 1 868 Salary, $1,200. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Madison. CALIFORNIA. Peter H. Burnett 1849 1851 John McDougall, (acting) .... 1851 1852 JohnBigler 1852 1856 J. Neely Johnson 1856 1858 John B. Weller 1858 1 860 M.S. Latham 1860 1862 JohnG. Downev I860 1862 Leland Stanford" 1861 1 863 Frederick F. Low 1863 1 868 Salary, $7,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Sacramento. MINNESOTA. TERRITORY'. Alexander Ramsey 1849 1853 Willis A. Gorman 1853 1857 Samuel Medary 1857 1858 STATE. FROM Henry H. Sibley 1858 Alexander Ramsey 1858 Stephen Miller 1863 William R. Marshall 1866 Salary, $2,500. Term, two years. Seat of Government, St. Paul. 1858186218661868 OREGON. TERRITORY. James Shields August 14,1848 Joseph Lane August 18, 1848 John P. Gaines September 9, 1850 Joseph Lane March 16, 1853 John W. Davis September 6, 1853 George L. Curry October 24, 1854 STATE. John Whittaker from 1859 to 1862 A. C. Gibbs from 1862 to 1866 Salary, $1,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Salem. KANSAS. TERRITORY. A. H. Reeder June 29,1854 John L. Dawson July 28, 1855 Wilson Shannon August 1 0, 1855 John W. Geary July 30,1856 R.J. Walker March 30, 1 857 J. W. Denver February 24, 1858 F. P. Stanton December 1 , 1858 STATE. Charles Robinson January 30, 1861 Thomas Carney from 1861 to 1864 S. J. Crawford from 1864 to 1868 Salary, $2,500. Term, four years. WEST VIRGINIA. Arthur I. Boreman from 1861 to 1867 Salary, $2,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, WheeUng. NEVADA. TERRITORY. James W.Nye from 1861 to 1864 STATE. H. G. Blaisdell from 1864 to 1868 Salary, $4,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Virginia City. 566 A P P END I A . TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. James S. Calhoun January 9, 1851 William Carr Lane July 15, 1852 Solon Borland April 18, 1853 David Merri wether May 6, 1 853 Abraham Rencher August 17, 1857 Henry Connelly 1861 Robert Mitchell 1865 Salary, $3,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Santa Fe. TERRITORY OF UTAH. Brigham Young September 28, 1850 Edward J. Steptoe December 2], 1854 Alfred Cummings July 1 1 , 1857 S. S. Harding 1861 James D. Doty 1864 Charles Durkee 1865 Salary, $2,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Fillmore City. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. Isaac I. Stevens March 17, 1853 J. Patton Anderson March 15, 1857 Fayette McMullen May 15, 1857 Richard D. Gholson 1861 WilUam Pickering 1861 Salary, $3,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Olympia. NEBRASKA TERRITORY. William O. Butler June 29, 1854 Francis Burt August 2, 1854 Mark W. Izard December 20, 1854 Wm. A. Richardson . ..May 30, 1857 Samuel W. Black 1861 Alvin Saunders 1861 Salary, $2,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Omaha Citv. TERRITORY OF COLORADO. John Evans 1861 Alfred Cummings 1865 Salary, $2,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Denver City. TERRITORY OF DAKOTA. William Jayne 1861 Newton Edwards 1863 Salary, $1,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Yancton. TERRITORY OF ARIZONA. John A. Gurley 1862 JohnN. Goodwin 1863 M. M. Crocker, (military) 1864 Richard C. MeCormick 1 866 Salary, $3,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Prescott. TERRITORY OF IDAHO. William H. Wallace 1863 Caleb Lyon, of Lyonsdale 1864 David W. Ballard 1866 Salary, $2,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Lewiston. TERRITORY OF MONTANA. Sidney Edgerton 1864 Francis Meagher 1865 Green Clay Smith 1866 Salary, $2,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Virginia City. APPENDIX. 567 EIGHT OF SUFFRAGE IN EACH STATE. MAINE. The right of suffrage is nearly universal, being granted to all male citizens of twen ty-one years of age and upwards, who have resided in the State for three months next preceding the election. Paupers, persons under guardianship, and Indians not taxed, are excepted. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Right of suffrage granted to all males of twenty-one years of age and upwards, excepting paupers, and persons excused from paying taxes at their special request. VERMONT. Right of suffrage extends to all males of twenty-one years of age and upwards,' who have resided one year in the State next preceding the election, and are of a quiet and peaceable behavior. MASSACHUSETTS. Right of suffrage extends to all males of twenty-one years of age and upwards (paupers and persons under guardianship excepted), who have resided within the Com monwealth one year, and within the town or district in which they may claim a right to vote, six months next preceding any election, and who have paid a State or county tax assessed upon them within two years next preceding such election ; and also to every citizen who may be by law exempted from taxation, and who may be, in all other respects, qualified as above mentioned. CONNECTICUT. Must be of age, have gained a settlement in the State six months, done military duty, paid a State tax, and taken the prescribed oaths. RHODE ISLAND. In this State there are two classes of voters. The first embraces male citizens of the United States, 21 years of age, residents in State one year, in town six months, and owning real estate of the value of $134. The second class embraces native male citi zens of the United States, 21 years of age, and residents in town where voting two years and six months. They must also have their names registered, have paid a tax of one dollar or performed military duty one day. But persons of this class are not per mitted to vote for city council of Providence or upon a proposition to impose taxes or further expenditure of money, unless they shall have paid a tax on property valued at $134. NEW YORK. Right of suffrage extends to all males of twenty-one years of age, inhabitants of the State for the last year, and residents of the county for the last six months. A colored man must have resided in the State three years, and hold a freehold of two hundred and fifty dollars, free of all incumbrance. NEW JERSEY. The language of the Constitution on this point is, that all persons of full age shall have a right to vote, who are worth fifty pounds, proclamation money, clear estate in the same, and have resided in the county in which they claim to vote for twelve months immediately preceding the election. By a special act of the Legislature, every white male inhabitant of lawful age, and who has paid a tax, is considered worth fifty pounds, and therefore entitled to vote. 568 APPENDIX. PENNSYLVANIA. A citizen of the State one year, and paid a State and county tax. Persons qualified, between the ages of twenty -one and two, may vote, although they have paid no taxes. DELAWARE. The right of suffrage the same as in Pennsylvania. MARYLAND. Must be of age, one year in the State, and six months in the county, preceding the election at which he offers to vote. VIRGINIA. Right of suffrage extends to every white male citizen of the Commonwealth, of the age of twenty-one years, or who has a joint interest to the amount of twenty-five dol lars, and having been a housekeeper one year, and been assessed with a part of the revenue of the Commonwealth, within the preceding year, and actually paid the same. NORTH CAROLINA. A citizen of the State one year, who has paid taxes, may vote for members of the House of Commons, but must own fifty acres of land to vote for Senators, and must be of age. SOUTH CAROLINA. Right of suffrage is granted to every free white male citizen, of the age of twenty- one years, resident two years, a freeholder of fifty acres of land, or has paid a tax the ¦ preceding year, of three shillings sterling, towards the support of Government. GEORGIA. The right of suffrage extends to all citizens who have attained the age of twenty-one years, and six months' residence in the county where he offers his vote, and must have paid all taxes imposed on him. ALABAMA. A citizen of the United States, of age, one year in the State, and three months' resi dence in the county where he offers his vote. MISSISSIPPI. A citizen of the United States, of age, residence in this State one year, and in the county six months, aud having done mifitary duty or paid taxes. LOUISIANA. Residence in the county where he offers his vote one year, and having paid taxes within the last six months, and being of twenty-one years of age. TENNESSEE. A citizen of the United States, of age, and six months' residence in the county where he offers his vote. KENTUCKY. The right of suffrage extends to every free male white citizen of the age of twenty- one years, who has resided in the State two years, or in the county where he votes, one year next preceding. OHIO. Right of suffrage extends to white male inhabitants above twenty-one years, who have resided in the State one year immediately preceding the election, and who have paid a State or county tax. AP P END IX. 569 INDIANA. Right of suffrage is granted to all male citizens of the age of twenty-one years and upwards who have resided iu the State a year immediately preceding an election. ILLINOIS. Residence in the State six months, but can only vote in the county where he actually resides. MISSOURI. A citizen of the United States, aud one year's residence in the State next preceding the election, and three months in the county. Constitution of 1865 excludes the blacks from voting. MICHIGAN. Twenty-one years of age, aud six months' residence next preceding election. ARKANSAS. Same as Michigan. FLORIDA. Twenty-one years of age, two years in the State, and six months in the county. He must also be a militia soldier. TEXAS. Every white person who is a citizen of the United States, has attained the age of" twenty-one years, and resided in the State one year is a qualified voter. IOWA. Must have attained the age of twenty-one' years, resided in the State six months, and in the county where be votes sixty clays. WISCONSIN. White men and certain Indians, who have attained the age of twenty -one years, and resided in the State one year. CALIFORNIA. White men and Mexicans, who are twenty-one years of age, and have resided in the State six months, and in tin- county of residence thirty days. MINNESOTA. Every white male person aud certain Indians, of the age of twenty-one years, who have been in the United States one year, and in the State four months. OREGON. A native or naturalized citizen, who has attained the age of twenty-one years, and resided six months in the State, but no negro, Chinaman, or mulatto can vote. KANSAS. Must have attained the age of twenty-one years, and resided in the State six months preceding the election. WEST VIRGINIA. Each white male citizen, with the usual exceptions, who has attained the age of twenty-one years, and has lived in the State one year, and thirty days in the county in which he offers his vote. NEVADA. Must have attained the age of twenty-one years, and resided in the State six months. 570 APPENDIX. QUALIFICATIONS FOR GOVERNORS, SENATORS, AND REP RESENTATIVES IN EACH STATE. MAINE. Governor. — A native citizen of the United States, five years a citizen of the State, and thirty years of age. Senators. — Five years a citizen of the United States, one year of the State, and twenty-five years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the United States five years, an inhabitant of the State one year, and twenty-one years of age. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Governor. — A citizen of the United States seven years, an estate of £500, (one-half a i'ree-hold, ) and thirty years of age. Senators. — Residence in the State seven years, a freehold estate of £200, and thirty years of age. Representatives. — Two years an inhab itant of the State, and an estate of £100, (one-half a freehold. ) VERMONT. Governor. — A citizen of the State four years. Senators. — A qualified voter, and thirty years of age. Representatives. — Persons most noted for wisdom and virtue, and who have resided in the State two years. MASSACHUSETTS. Governor. — A citizen of the State seven years, an estate of £1,000, and of the Christian religion. Senators. — Five years a citizen of the State, a freehold of £300, or ratable estate of £600. Representatives. — A citizen of the State one year, and a freehold of £ 100, or ratable estate of £200. RHODE ISLAND. Governors, Senators, and Representatives. — Their qualifications are not specified in the State Constitution only to the extent that they must make oath to support the State and Federal Constitutions. CONNECTICUT. Governor. — A voter, and thirty years of age. Senators. — A qualified voter. Repre sentatives. — A qualified voter. NEW YORK. Governor. — A native citizen of the United States, five years a citizen of the State, a freeholder, and thirty years of age. Senators. — A qualified voter, and "a freeholder. Representatives. — No qualifications. NEW JERSEY. Governor. — A resident of the State. No Senate ; the duties performed by the Legis lative Council. Representatives. — A citizen of the State one year, and real or personal estate of £500, proclamation money. PENNSYLVANIA. Governor. — A citizen of the State seven years, and thirty years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the State four years, and of the district where chosen the last year, and twenty- five years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the State three years, and for the last year a citizen of the city or county where chosen. APPENDIX. 571 DELAWARE. Governor.— A citizen of tho United States twelve years, of the State the last six years, and thirty years of age. Senators.— A citizen of the State three years, a freehold of two hundred acres, or £1,000, and twenty-seven years of age. Representatives.— A citizen of the State three years, and twenty-four years of age. MARYLAND. Governor. — A resident of the State above five years, and thirty years of age. Senators. — A resident of the State three years, and twenty -five years of age. Representatives. — Resident in the county where chosen one year, and twenty-one years of age. VIRGINIA. Governor. — A native citizen of the United States, citizen of the State five years, and thirty years of age ; ineligible for three years after the first term. Senators. — A resident and freeholder in the district where chosen, and thirty years of age. Representatives. — A resident, and freeholder in the county where chosen, and twenty -five years of age. NORTH CAROLINA. Governor. — A resident in the State five years, freehold in the State of more than £1,000, and thirty years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the county where chosen one year, and three hundred acres of land. Representatives. — A citizen of the county where chosen one year, one hundred acres of land in fee or for the term of his life. SOUTH CAROLINA. Governor. — A citizen of the State ten years, an estate of £1,500 sterling, clear of debt, and thirty years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the State five years, a resident of the district where chosen, and an estate of £300 sterling; or, not being a resident, an estate of £1,000, and thirty years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the State three years, a resident, and an estate of five hundred acres of land, ten negroes, or £150 sterling in real estate ; or, not being a resident, an estate of £500 sterling. GEORGIA Governor. — A citizen of the United States twelve years, and of the State six years, an estate of five hundred acres of land, and other property amounting to $4,000 more than debts due, and thirty years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the United States nine years, and of the State three years, a freehold of $500, or taxable property of $1,000 more than debts due, all legal taxes paid, and twenty-five years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the United States seven years, and of the State three years, a freehold of $250, or taxable property of $500 more than debts due, and all legal taxes paid. ALABAMA. Governor. — A native citizen of the United States, and a citizen of the State four years, thirty years of age, and ineligible for more than four successive years. Senators. — A citizen of the United States, of the State two years, and of the district where chosen one year, and twenty-seven years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the United States, of the State two years, and of the county where chosen one year, and twenty- one years of age. MISSISSIPPI. Governor.— A citizen of the United States twenty years, and of the State five years, a freehold estate of $2,000, and thirty years of age: ineligible for more than four suc cessive years. Senators.— A citizen of the United States and of the State four years, the last year residing in the district where chosen, and thirty years of age. Representa tives.— A citizen of the United States and of the State two years, the last year residing in the county where chosen, a freehold estate of $500, and twenty-one years of age. 572 APPENDIX. LOUISIANA. Governor. — A citizen of the United States and of the State six years, an estate of $5,000, and thirty-five years age. Senators. — A citizen of the United States, of the State four years, and in the district where chosen one year, an estate of $1,000, and twenty-seven years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the United States, of the State two years, and of the county where chosen one year, an estate in land of $500, and twenty-one years of age. TENNESSEE. Governor.— A citizen of the United States and of the State seven years, and thirty years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the United States, three years' residence in the State, and in the county where chosen one year, and thirty years of age. Representa tives. — A citizen of the United States and of the State three years, residence in the county where chosen one year, and twenty -one years of age. KENTUCKY. Governor. — A citizen of the United States and of the State six years, thirty-five years of age, and ineligible for more than one term in seven years. Senators. — A citizen of the United States, of the State six years, and of the district where chosen the last year, and thirty-five years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the United States, of the State two years, and of the county where chosen the last year, and twenty-four years of age. OHIO. Governor. — A citizen of the United States twelve years, an inhabitant of the State four years, and thirty-five years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the United States, and of the district where chosen two years, having paid a State and county tax, and thirty years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the United States, an inhabitant of the State, and a resident in the county where chosen one year, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty-five years of age. INDIANA. Governor. — A citizen of the United States ten years, and of the State five years, aud thirty years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the United States, of the State two years, and of the district where chosen the last year, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty-five years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the United States, and of the State and county where chosen one year, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty- one years of ago. ILLINOIS. Governor. — A citizen of the United States thirty years, and of the State two years, thirty years of age, and ineligible for two successive terms. Senators. — A citizen of the United States, and of the district where chosen the last year, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty-five years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the United States, and an inhabitant of the State and county where chosen, having paid a State oj' county tax, and twenty-one years of age. MISSOURI. Governor. — A native citizen of the United States, a resident of the State four years, and thirty-five years of age. Senators. — A citizen of the United States, of the State four years, and of the district where chosen one year, having paid a State or county tax, and thirty years of age. Representatives. — A "citizen of the United States, of the State two years, and of the county where chosen one year, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty-four years of age. MICHIGAN. Governor. — A citizen of the United States five, years, and a resident of the State the last two years. Senators. — A citizen of the United States, and a qualified voter in the county where chosen. Representatives. — Same as the Senators. appendix. 573 ARKANSAS. Governor. — A native citizen of the United States, or a resident of tho State ten years previous to the adoption of the Constitution, and four years preceding the election. Senators.- — A citizen of the United States, a resident of the State one year, and thirty years of age. Representatives. — A citizen of the United States, a resident of the county where chosen, and twenty-five years of age. FLORIDA. Governor. — Must be thirty years of age, have been a citizen of the United States for ten years, or an inhabitant of Florida at the time of the adoption of the Constitution, and a resident of the State five years preceding the day of election. Senators.— A citi zen of the United States, a resident of the State for two years, one year a resident of the district in which he resides, and must be twenty-five years of age. Represent atives. — Must have attained the age of twenty-one years, and in other particulars quali fied as are the Senators. TEXAS. Governor. — Must be thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and have been a resident of the State for three years preceding his election. Senators. — Must have attained the age of thirty years, be a citizen of the United States, a resident in the State for three years preceding his election, and one year in the district where he resides. Representatives. — Must be a citizen of the United States, have resided in the State two years, in his district one year, and have attained the age of twenty-one, years. IOWA. Governor. — Must be thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the State for two years. Senators. — Must be twenty-five years of age, a citizen of the United States, a resident of the State for one year, and of the district where he resides at least sixty day6. Representatives. — Must be twenty-one years of age, and in other respects possess the qualifications of Senators. WISCONSIN. Governor.— No person except a citizen of the United States, and a qualified elector of the State, shall be eligible to this office. Senators and Representatives. — No person shall be eligible to the Legislature who shall not have resided in the State one year, and be a qualified elector in the district where he resides. CALIFORNIA. Governor. — Must be twenty-five years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a. resident of the State for two years. Senators and Representatives.— Must be qualified electors, residents of the State one year, and of their districts six months. MINNESOTA. Governor.— Must be a citizen of the United States, twenty-five years of age, and a resident of the State for one year. Senators and Representatives.— Shall be qualified voters of the State, and shall have resided one year in the State, and six months in the district from which they are elected. OREGON. Governor.— Must be a citizen of the United States, thirty years of age, and three years a resident of the State. Senators and Representatives.— Must be twenty-one years of age, citizens of the United States, and residents of their several districts tor one year preceding their election. 1 6 KANSAS. Governor —Must be thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and \\&\o resided two years in the State. Senators -Must be twenty-five years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the State for one year. Representatives.— Mv»t be twenty-one yeais of age, and possess the other qualifications of benators. 574 APPENDIX. WEST VIRGINIA. Governor. — His qualifications are not specified in the Constitution of the State. Senators and Representatives. — Must have been residents of the district or county where chosen for one year next preceding the election. NEVADA. Governor. — Must be twenty-five years of age and a citizen of the State two years. Senators and Representatives. — Their qualifications are not specified in the Constitution of the State, excepting so far as being qualified electors. CONCLUDING NOTE. In a work of this kind, containing so many thousand proper names, it is almost im possible not to commit an occasional error ; and I earnestly request that those who may consult the volume, and can furnish me with corrections, will promptly do so, and thereby benefit the public and place me under obligations. Any additional facts will also be thankfully received. Address, CHARLES LANMAN, Georgetown, District of Columbia. INDEX BY STATES TO NAMES OF SENATORS, REPRESENTATIVES, AND DELEGATES. Alabama. Abercrombie, James 1 Alston, "William J 7 Bagby, Arthur P 16 Baylor, E. E. B 24 Belser, James E 27 Bowdon, Franklin AV 39 Bragg, John 42 Chambers, Henry 68 Chapman, Reuben 69 Clay, Clement C 75 Clay, Clement C, jr 76 Clemens, Jeremiah 78 Clopton, David .'. 79 Cobb, Williamson K. W 80 Cotteral, J. L. T 87 Crabb, George W 89 Crowell, John 93 Curry, J. L. M 94 Dargan, Edward S 98 Dellet, James 106 Dowdell, James F > 113 Fitzpatrick, Benjamin 133 Gayle.John 145 Harris, Sampson W 169 Hilliard, Henry W 182 Houston, George S 188 Hubbard, David 192 Inge, Samuel "W 197 King, William E 2 17 Lawler, Joab 224 Lewis, Dixon H 231 Lyon, Francis S 240 Mardis, Samuel W 244 Martin, Joshua L 247 McConnell, Felix G 252 McKinley, John 256 Moore, Gabriel 267 ¦Moore, Sydenham 268 Murphy, John 376 Owen, George W 286 Payne, Winter W 292 Phillips, Philip 297 Pickens, Israel, (see North CaroUna) 298 Pugh, James L 308 Shields, Benjamin G - 340 Shorter, Eli S 340 Smith, WilliamR 350 Stallworth, James A 355 Walker, John W 394 Walker, Percy 394 White, Alexander 406 Yancey, William L 121 Ai-lcaiissis. Ashley, Chester 13 Bates, James W - S3 Borland, Solon 37 Conway, Henry W 45 Cross, Edward 92 Fulton, William S 141 Greenwood, A. B 151 Hindman, Thomas C 1 82 Johnson, Robert Wr 205 Mitchell, Charles B 265 Newton, Thomas W 279 Rust, Albert 327 Sebastian, W. K 333 Sevier, Ambrose I-1 335 Warren, Edward A 398 Yell, Archibald 42." California. Bidwell, John 30 Brodenck, David C 45 Burch, John Chilton 53 Cole, Cornelius 82 Conness, John 85 Denver, James W 107 Fremont, John Charles 139 Gilbert, Edward 146 Gwin, William M : ... 158 Haun, H. P 172 Herbert, Philip T 178 Higby, William 180 Latham, Milton S 223 Marshall, Edward C 245 McCorkle. Joseph W 252 McDougall, James A 253 McKibbin, Joseph C 256 McRuer, Donald C 258 Phelps, Timothy G 297 Sargent, Aaron A 329 Scott, Charles L 332 Shannon, Thomas B 337 Weller, JohnB., (see Ohio) 403 AVright, George H 423 Connecticut. Abbott, Joel - 1 Adams, Andrew 1 Allen, John 5 Arnold, Samuel 12 Baldwin, John 18 Baldwin, Roger Sherman 18 Baldwin, Simeon 18 Belcher, Nathan 26 Betts, Thaddeus 29 Bishop, William D 32 Boardman, Elijah 35 Boardman, William W 36 Booth, Walter 36 Brace, Jonathan 40 Brandegee, Augustus 42 Brockway, John H 45 Burnham, Alfred A 55 Burrows, Daniel :i6 Butler, Thomas B 57 Catlin, George S 66 Champion. Epaphroditus 68 Chapman, Charles 69 Clark, Ezra, ir <3 Cleveland, Chauneey F 78 Ooit, Joshua *:- Cooke, Joseph V °6 Daggett, David "6 576 IND EX. Dana, Samuel AV 98 Davenport , James 99 Davenport, John 99 Dean, Sidney 104 Deane, Silas 104 Deming, Henry C 106 Dixon, James 110 Dyer, Eliphalet 117 Dwight, Theodore 116 Edmond, AVilliam 118 Edwards, Henry AV 119 Edwards, Pierpont 120 Ellsworth, Oliver 122 Ellsworth, William AV 122 English. James E 124 Ferry, Orris S 129 Foote, Samuel A 135 Foster, Lafayette S 137 Fowler, Orin 137 Gilbert, Sylvester 146 Gillette, Francis 147 Goddard, Calvin 149 Goodrich, Chauncey 150 Goodrich, Elizur 150 Griswold, Roger 156 Haley, Elisha 160 Hillhouse, James 181 Hillhouse, William 182 Holmes, Uriel 186 Holt, Orrin 186 Holten, Samuel 186 Hosmer, Titus 188 Hubbard, John H '192 Hubbard, Samuel Dickinson 192 Huntington, Benjamin 195 Huntington, Ebenezer 195 Huntington, Jabez AV 196 Huntington, Samuel 196 Ingersoll, Colin M 197 Ingersoll, Ralph J 197 Ingham, Samuel 197 Jackson, Ebenezer, jr 199 Johnson, William S 206 Judson, Andrew T 208 Lanman, James 222 Law, Lyman 224 Law, Richard 224 Learned, Amasa 227 Loomis, Dwight 236 Mervin, Orange 261 Miner, Ph'meas 265 Mitchell, Stephen M 266 Xile6, JohnM 280 Osborne, Thomas B 285 Perkins. Elias 294 Phelps, Elisha 296 Phel ps, Lauucelot 297 Pitkin, Timothy 301 Plant, David 301 Pratt, James T 306 Rockwell, John A 322 Root, Jesse 324 Russ, John 327 Seymour, Origen S 336 Seymour, Thomas H 336 Sherman, Roger 339 Sherwood, Samuel B 340 Simons, Samuel 342 Smith, John Cotton 347 Smith, Nathan 348 Smith, Nathaniel 348 Smith, Perry 348 Smith, Truman 349 Spencer, Joseph 354 Sterling, Am-el 358 Stevens, James 358 Stewart, John 360 Stoddart. Ebenezer 361 Storrs, William L 362 Sturgis. Jonathan 365 Sturgis, Lewis Bun* 36ti Strong, Jedediah 364 Swift, Zephaniah 367 Tallmadge, Benjamin - 369 Terry, Nathaniel 373 Tomlinson, Gideon 379 Toucey, Isaac 380 Tracy, Uriah ."- 380 Treadwell, John 381 Trumbull, Jonathan 382 Trumbull, Joseph 383 Trumbull, JoBeph 383 Tweedy, Samuel 384 Wadsworth, James 392 Wadsworth, Jeremiah 392 Waldo, Lorin P 393 Warner, Samuel L 398 AVelch, William W 403 Whitman, Lemuel 408 Whittlesey, Thomas T 409 Wildman, Zalmon 410 Willey, Calvin 411 Williams, Thomas Scott 413 AVilliams, Thomas W - 414 Williams, William 414 AVoIcott, Oliver 419 Woodruff, George C 421 Woodruff, John 421 Young. Ebenezer 426 Delaware. Basset, Richard 22 Bates, Martin W 23 Bayard, James A 23 Bayard, James A 23 Bayard, Richard H 24 Bedford, Gunning 25 Broome, James M 47 Clayton, John M 77 Clayton, Joshua 77 Clayton, Thomas..-- 77 Comegys, Joseph P 83 Cooper, Thomas 86 Dickinsou , John 109 Evans, John 125 Fisher, George P 132 Hall, Willard 161 Horsev, Outerbridge 188 Houston, John W 189 Johns, Kensey 203 Kearney, Dyrc 210 Lattimer, Henry 223 McComb, Eleazer 252 McKean, Thomas 255 Milligan, John J 264 Mitchell, Nathaniel 266 Naudain, Arnold 277 Nicholson, John A 280 Patton,. John 291 Peery, AVilliam 293 Read, George 313 Riddle, George Read 318 Ridgeley, Henry M 318 Robinson, Thomas -. 321 Rodney, Caesar 322 Rodney, C-esnr A 322 Rodney, Daniel 322 Rodney, George B 322 Rodney, Thomas 322 Saulsb'ury, Willard 329 Smithers, Nathaniel B 350 Spruance, Presley 355 Sykes, James 368 Temple, AVilliam 372 Tilton, James 378 Van Dyke, Nieholus 388 Van Dyke, Nicholas 388 Vining, John 391 AVal"*, John 394 / .V D E X . O 1 I Welles, AVilliam H 403 Wharton, Samuel 405 White. Samuel 408 Whiteley, AVilliam G 408 Florida. Brockenbrough , AVilliam H 45 Cabell. Edward C 58 Call, Richard K 60 Downing, Charles 113 Hawkins, George S 173 Hernandez, Josepb M 178 Mallory, Stephen R 242 Maxwell, Augustus E 250 Morion, Jackson 373 Westcott, James D 405 White, Joseph M 407 Yulee, David L -126 Georgia. Alford, Julius C 4 Bailey, David J 16 Baldwin, Abraham 17 Baruett. William 20 Berrien, John MeP 29 Bibb, AVilliam AV 29 Black, Edward J 32 Brownson, Nathan 50 Bryan, Joseph — 50 Bullock, Archibald .32 Bu loch, AA'illiam B 52 Carey, George 62 Carncs, Thomas P 63 Chapp-U, A.H 69 Uhai lton, Robert M 69 Chastaiu, Edward AV 70 Clay, Joseph 77 Clayton, Augustin S 77 Cleavelana, J. F 78 Clinch, Duncan L 78 Cobb, Howell 80 Cobb, Howell 80 Cobb, Thomas AV 80 Coffee, John 81 Colquitt, Alfred II 83 Colquit, W.T H3 Cook, Zadock 86 Cooper, Mark A 86 Crawford. George AV 90 Crawford, Joel 91 Crawford, Martin J 91 Crawford, William H 91 Cuthbert. Alfred 95 Cuthbert, John A 95 Dawson, AVilliam C 103 Dent, WilliamB.W 107 Early, Peter 117 Elliot, John 121 Few, William 130 Floyd, John 134 Forsyth, John 135 Fort, Tomlinson 135 Foster, Nathaniel G 137 Foster, Thomas F 137 Gamble, Roger L 142 Gartrell, Lucius J 144 Gibbons, AVilliam 146 Gilmer, George R 147 Glascock, Thomas 1 48 Grantland, Seaton 152 Gunn, James 158 Gwinnett, Button 158 Habersham, Joseph 159 Habersham. Richard AV 159 Hacket. Thomas C 159 Hall, Boiling 160 Hall. Lyman 1 6 L Hammond, Samuel Ki4 Haralson, Hugh A 165 37 Hardeman, Thomas, jr 166 Haynes, Charles E 174 Hill, Joshua igi I-Iillyer, Junius 182 Houston, John 189 Houston, William 139 Holsey, Hopkins 186 Howley, Richard 191 Iversou, Alfred 199 Jitcksou, Jabez 199 Jackson, James 199 Jackson , James 200 Jackson, Joseph W 200 Johnson, Hersciiell V 204 Johnson, James 204 Jones, George 206 Jones, James 207 Jones, John J 207 Jones, John W 207 Jones, Noble Wimberly 20S Jones, Seaborn 208 King, John P 216 King, T. Butler 216 Lamar, Henry G 220 Langw m-thy, Edward 222 Love, Peter E 237 Lumpkin, Johu II 237 Lumpkin, AVilson 239 Mathews, George 249 Mead, Cowles 259 Meriwether, David 261 Meriwether, I. A 261 Meriwether, James ' 261 Milledge John 262 Millen, John 262 Murphy, Charles 276 N'ewman, Daniel 279 Nisbet, E. A 280 Owen, Allen F 286 Owens, George W 287 Pierce, W 300 Prince, Oliver H 308 Reese, David A 315 Reid, Robert R 31 5 Schley, William 331 Seward, James L 335 Smelt, Dennis 345 Spalding, Thomas 352 Stephens. Alexander H 357 Stiles. William H 360 Tait, Charles 368 Taliaferro, Benj imin 368 Tatnall, Edward F 370 Tatnall, Josiah 370 Telfair, Edward 372 Telfair, Thomas 372 Ten-ill, William 372 Thompson, Wiley 377 Toombs, Robert 379 Towns, George AV. B 380 Trippe, Robert P 382 Troup, George M 382 Underwood, John W. H 385 Walker, Freeman 394 AValker, John 394 AValtou, George 396 Warner, Hiram 398 AVarren. Lott 398 Wayne, Anthony 401 AVayne, James M 401 Wellborn, M. J 403 Wilde, Richard Henry 410 Willis, Francis 414 Wood, Joseph 420 Wrieht, Augustus II 422 Zubly, John Joachim 426 KUinoia. Allen, James C 5 Allen, William J -¦ 6 >78 INDEX. Allen, Willis C Arnold, Isaac N 12 Baker, David J 17 Baker, Edward D 17 Baker, Jehu 17 Bissell, William H 32 Bond, Shadrack 36 Breese, Sidney 43 Bromwell, Henry P. H 46 Browning, Orville II 49 Campbell, Thompson 62 Casey, Zadock 65 Cook, Burton C Bo Cook, Daniel P 85 Cullom, Shelbey M 93 Douglas, Stephen A '. 113 Duncan, Joseph 115 Eden, John R ] 18 Edwards, Ninian 119 Ewing, William L. D 127 Farnsworth, John F 127 Ficklin, Orlando B 130 Fouke, Philip B 137 Harding, Abner C 106 Harding, Benjamin F 166 Harris, Charles M 168 Harris, Thomas L 169 Hodges, Charles D 183 Hoge, Joseph P 184 Ingersoll, Ebon C 197 Kane, Elias K 209 Kellogg, William 211 Knapp, Anthony L 218 Knox, James 219 Kuykendall, Andrew J 220 Lincoln, Abraham 23 L Logan, John A 235 Lovejoy, Owen 237 Marshall, Samuel S 246 May, William L 250 McClernand, John A . . - 252 McLean, John 257 McRoberta, Samuel 258 Moloney, Richard S 266 Morris, Isaac N 271 Morrison, J. L. B 272 Morrison, William R 272 Moulton, Samuel W 274 Norton, Jesse O 282 Pope , Nathaniel 303 Reynolds, John 315 Richardson, William A 317 Robinson, James C 321 Robinson, John M 321 Ross, Lewis W 324 Semple, James 334 Shaw, Aaron 337 Shields, James 340 Smith, Robert 348 Stephenson, Benjamin 357 Stuart, John T 265 Thomas, Jesse B. , (see Indiana) 374 Thornton, Anthony 377 Trumbull, Lyman 383 Turner, Thomas J 384 AVashburne, Ellihu B 399 Wentworth, John 404 Woodworth, James II 421 Yates, Richard. 425 Young, Richard M 426 Young, Timothy R 426 Eauliana. Albertson, Nathaniel 3 Barbour, Lucien 19 Blake, Thomas H 34 Boon, Ratliff 36 Brenton. Samuel 44 Bright, Jesse D 44 Brown, William J 49 Call, Jacob 60 Carr, John 63 Case, Charles 65 Cathcart, Charles W 66 Chamberlain, Ebenezer M 67 Colfax, Schuyler 82 Cravens, James A 90 Cravens, James H 90 Cumback, William 94 Davis, John G- 101 Davis, John W 101 Defrees, Joseph D 105 Dumont, Ebenezer 114 Dunham, Cyrus L 115 Dunn, George G 115 Dunn, George H 115 Dunn, William McKee 115 Eddy, Norman 118 Edgerton, Joseph Ketcham 118 Embree, Elisha ." ' 123 English, William H 124 Ewing, John 126 Farquhar, John H 127 Fitch, G.N 132 Foley, James B 134 Gorman, Willis A 152 Graham, AVilliam 152 Gregg, James M 154 Halloway, David P 161 Hanna, Robert 165 Hannegan, Edward A 165 Harlan. Andrew J 167 Harrington, Henry W 168 Hendricks, Thomas A 177 Hendricks, William 177 Henly, Thomas J 177 Herod, William 179 Hill, Ralph 181 Holman, William S 185 Howard, Tilghman A 190 Hughes, James 193 Jennings, Jonathan 203 Julian, George W 209 Kennerly, Andrew 212 Kerr, Michael C 213 Kilgore, Kavid 215 Kinuard, George L 217 Lane, Amos 221 Lane, Henry S 221 Lane, James H 221 Law, John 223 Lockhart, James 235 Mace, Daniel 24 L McCarty, Jonathan 251 McDowell, James Foster 253 McGaughey, Edward W 254 Miller, S mith 264 Mitchell, William 266 Niblack, William E 279 Noble, James 281 Orth, GodloveS 285 Owen, Robert Dale 286 Parke, Benjamin 289 Parker, Samuel W 290 Pettit, John 296 Pettit, John U 296 Porter, AlbertG 304 Prince, William 308 Proffit, George H 308 Raviden, James 312 Rockhill, AVilliam ,322 Sample, Samuel C 309 Scott, IIarvr-\-D 332 Shanks, John P. C 337 Slade, Charles 343 Smith, Caleb B 345 Smith, Oliver Hampton 348 Smith, Thomas 349 Snyder, Adam W 350 / Ar D EX. 579 Stilwell, Thomas N 360 Taylor, Waller 371 Test, John 373 Thomas, Jesse B., (see Hlinois) 374 Thompson, Richard W 376 Tipton, Johu 373 Turpie, D 384 Voorhees, Daniel A\r 391 Wallace, David 395 AVashburn, Henry D 399 White, Albert S 406 AVhitcorab, James 408 AVick, AVilliam AV ¦ 409 AVilson, James 416 AVright, Joseph A 423 Sowa, Allison, AVilliam B 7 -Chipman, William AV 72 Clark, Lincoln 71 Cook, John B 86 Curtis, Samuel R 94 Davis, Timothy 102 Dodge, Augustus C Ill ^Grimes, James AV 155 Grinnell, Josiah B 156 Hall, Augustus 160 Harlan, James 167 Hastings, L. Clinton 172 Henn, Bernhart 177 Hubbard, Asahel W 191 Jones, George W 206 Kasson, John A 209 Kirkwood, Samuel J 218 Leffler, Shepherd 229 Miller, Daniel F - - 263 Price, Hiram 307 "Thompson, William 377 Thorington, James 377 Vandever, AVilliam 388 AVilson, James F 416 Kansas. Clarke, Sidney 75 Conway, Martin F 85 Lane, James H 221 Parrott. Marcus J 290 Pomerov, Samuel C 303 Ross, E." G 324 Moisfiaicky. Adair, John 1 Adams, Green 2 Allen, Chilton 4 Anderson, Lucien 8 Anderson, Richard C, jr 9 Andernon, Simeon II 9 Anderson, William C 9 Andrews, Landaff W 9 Barry, AVilliam T 21 Beatty, Martin 25 Bedinger, George M 25 Bell, Joshua F 27 Bibb, George M 29 Bledsop, Jesse 35 Boyd, Linn 39 Boyle, John 40 Breck, Daniel 43 Breckinridge, James D 43 Breckinridge, John - - 43 Breckinridge, John C 43 Bristow, F. M 45 Brown, John 48 Brown, William 49 Buckner, Aylett 51 Buckner, Richard A 51 Bullock, Wingfield 53 Burnett, Henry C 55 Butler, William O 57 Caldwell, George A 59 Calhoun, John 59 Campbell, John 61 Campbell, John P 61 Casey, Samuel L 65 Chambers, John 68 Chilton, Thomas 71 Chrisman, James S 72 Christie, Henry 72 Clark, Beverly S 73 Clark, James 74 Clay, Brutus J 75 Clay, Henry 76 Clay, James B 77 Coleman, Nicholas D 82 Cox, Anleder M 88 Crittenden, John J 92 Daniel, Henry 98 Davis, Amos 100 Davis, Garret 100 Davis, Thomas T 102 Desha, Joseph 107 Dixon, Archibald 110 Duncan, Garnett 115 Dunlap, George AV 1 15 Duval, AVilliam P 116 Edwards, John 1 19 Elliott, John M 121 Ewing, Presley 126 Fletcher, Thomas 1 33 Fowler, Johu 137 French, Richard 140 Gaines, John P 141 Gaither, Nathan 141 Graves, AVilliam J 153 Green, Willis 154 Greenup, Christopher 154 Grey, Benjamin E 155 Grider, Henry 155 Guthrie, James 158 Hardin , Benjamin 16G Hardin, Martin D 166 Harding, Aaron 166 Harlan. James 167 Hawes, Albert C 173 Hawes, Richard 173 Hawkins, Joseph W 173 Henry, John F 177 Henry, Robert P 178 Hill, ClementS 180 Hopkins, Samuel 187 Howard, Benjamin 190 Jackson, James S 200 Juwett, Joshua H 203 Johnson, Francis 203 Johnson , James 204 Johnson, James L 204 Johnson, John T 204 Johnson, Richard M 205 Kincaid, John 215 Lecoinpto, Joseph 227 Letcher, 1 tobert P 231 Logan, William 236 Love, James 237 Lyon, Chittenden 240 Lyon, Matthew (see Vermont) 240 Mallory, Robert 242 Marshall, Humphrey 245 Marshall, Humphrey 245 Marshall, Thomas A 246 Marshall, Thoma3 F 246 Martin, John P 247 Mason , John C -. ~f° McDowell, Joseph 1 2o3 Mctlatton, Robert 254 McHenry, John II £-54 McKee, Samuel ^ McKoe, Samuel *-°5 >so INDEX. McLean, Alncy 257 McLean, Fiuis E 257 Menifee, Richard H 260 Menzies, John AV 260 Meiiwetber, David 261 Metcalf, Thomas 261 Montgomery, J homas 267 Moore, Labau S 268 Moore, Thomas P 268 Morehead, Charles S 269 Morehead, James T 269 Murray, John L 276 New, Anthony 278 Orrasby, Stephen 285 Orr, Alexander D 285 Ow.-U-v, Bryan Y 287 Pry ton , Samuel 0 296 Pope, John 303 Pope, Patrick II 304 Powell, Lazarus AAr 306 Preston, AVilliam 307 Quarles, Tunstall 309 Randall, AVilliam II 311 Ritter. Burwell C 319 Robertson, George 321 RobinsoD, John L 321 Rousfeeau, LovellH 325 Rowan, J ohn 325 Rumsey, Edward 326 Sanford, Thomas 329 Sharpe, Solomon P 337 Shanklin, G eorge S 337 Simmy, AVilliam E -. 342 Smith, Green Clay 346 Smith, John Speed 347 Southgate, AA'illiam W 352 Speed, Thomas 3o3 Sprigg, James C 355 Stanton. Richard II 35C Stevenson, John W 359 Stone, James 362 Stone, James W 362 Swope, Samuel F 368 Tal bot, Albert G 368 Talbot, Isbam 368 Taul, Micah 370 Thomasson, AVilliam P 375 Thompson, J. B 375 Thompson, Philip 376 Thrnston, Buckner 377 Thurston, John B 378 Tibbatts, John AV 378 Tompkins, Christopher 379 Trimble, David 3^2 Ti iinble, Lawrence S 382 Triplett, Philip 382 Trumbo, Andrew 382 Underwood, Joseph R 385 Cnderwood, AVarner L 3t6 AVadsworth, William H 3L>2 AValker, David 3y4 Walker, George 394 AValton, Matthew 397 AVard, AVilliam T 398 AVhitc, Addison 4U6 AVhite, David 407 Wickliffe, Charles A 409 AViiliams, Sherrod 413 AVoodson , Samuel II 421 Yancy, Joel 425 Yeaman, George H 425 Youug, Bryan R 42'i Young, AVilliam S 426 Louisiana. Barrow, Alexander 21 Benjamin, Judah P 27 Bonier, Peter E 37 Bouligney, Dominique 38> Bouligney, John Edmond 38 Brent, William L 44 Brown, James 48 Bullard. Henry Adams 52 Butler, Thomas 57 Chinn, Thomas AV 71 Claiborne, AVilliam C. C, (see Tennessee).. 73 Clarke, Daniel 75 Conrad, Chailes M 85 Davidson, Thomas G 100 Davis, Samuel B 102 Dawson, John B 103 Destrihan , John Noel 107 Downs, Solomon W 113 Dunbar, William 115 Eustis, George, jr 125 Flanders, Benjamin F 133 Fromentin, Eligius 140 Garland, Rice 143 Gayarre, Charles E. A 144 Gurley, Henry H * 158 Hahn, Michael 159 Harmanson, John H 167 Hunt, Theodore G 194 Johnson, Henry 203 Johnston, Josiah S 2G6- Kelly, William 211 Labranch, Alcea 220 Landrum, John M 221 Landry, J. Ari&tide 221 La Sere, Emile 223 Magruder, Allan B 242 Moore, John 268 Mor.-e, Isaac Edwards 273 Moutoti, Alexander ^74 Nicholas, R. C 279 Overton, AValter H 286 Penn, Alexander G 293 Perkins, John, jr 295 Porter, Alexander 304 Posey, Thomas 304 Poydras, Julian 306 Ripley, Eleazar AV 319 Robertson, Thomas B 321 Saudidge, John M 329 Slidell, John 344 Smith, JohnB 347 Soule, Pierre _ 351 St. Martin, Louis 360 Taylor, Miles 371 Thibodeaux, B. G 373 Thomas, Philemon. 374 Waggamann, George A 393 AVhitc, Edward D 407 Maine, Abbott, Nehemiah 1 Allen , Elisha H 5 Anderson, Hugh J 8 Anderson, J8 Davenport, Franklin 99 Dayton, Elias ." 103 Dayton, Jonathan 103 Dayton, AVilliam L J03 Dick, Samuel L08 Dickerson, Mahlon 108 Dickerson, Philemon 108 Dickerson, Philemon 108 Edsall, Joseph E 119 Elmer, Ebenezer 122 Elmer, Jonathan 122 Elmer, Lucius Q. C 123 Farlee, Isaac G 127 Fell, John 129 Field, Richard S 130 Fowler, Samuel 138 Frelinghuysen, Frederick 139 Frelinghuysen, Theodore 139 Garrison, Daniel 144 Gregory, Dudley S 154 Halsted, William 162 Hampton, James G 164 Hart, John 171 Hay, Andrew K 173 Helms, AVilliam ] 75 Henderson. Thomas 17? Holcomb, George 184 Hopkinson, Francis 187 Hornblower, Josiah ] 88 Houston, William C J 89 Hufty, Jacob 193 Hughes, Thomas H 193 Huyler, John 196 Iralay, James H 197 Kille, Joseph 210 King, James G 215 Kinney, Charles _ 217 Kinsey, James 217 Kirkpatrick, Littleton 218 Kitchcll, Aaron 218 Lambert, John 220 Lee, Thomas 229 Lilly, Samuel ^31 Linn, James 233 Linn, John 233 Livingston, AVilliam ' 234 Matlack, James 249 Maxwell, George C 250 Maxwell, J. P. B 250 Mcllvaine, Joseph 254 Middleton, George 262 Miller, Jacob 263 Morgan, James 270 Mott, James 274 NVilson, John 277 ¦ Newbold, Thomas 278 I Newel], AVilliam A 278 Nixon, John 1 280 j Ogden, Aaron 283 1 Parker, James 289 Paterson, AVilliam 291 Pennington, Alexander C. M 294 Pennington, AVilliam 294 Perry, Nehemiah 295 Pierson, Isaac 300 Price, Rodman M 307 Randolph, James F 311 Randolph, Joseph Fitz 312 Riggs, Jetur R 319 Robbins, George R 320 Rogers, Andrew J 322 Ruuk, John 326 Rutherford, John 327 Ryall, D. B 328 Schenck, Ferdinand S 331 Schureman, James 332 Scudder, Johu A 333 Scudder, Nathani.-l 333 Sergeant, Jonathan D 335 Shinn, AVilliam N - 340 Stiitiivk7H 71 71 737474 74 74 74~A 7979 79 79 81 81 81 82 83 Collin, John F 83 Collins, Ela 83 Collins, William 83 Comstock, Oliver C 84 Conger, Harmon S 84 Conkling, Alfred *4 Conkling, Frederick A ^ Conkling, Roscoe 84 Cook, Bates 8<> Cook, Thomas B 86 Cooper, AVilliam 87 Corning, Erastus ¦ 87 Cowles, Henry B 88 Craig, Hector '-'¦' 3SS INDEX. Cramer, John 90 Crocheron, Henry 92 Crocheron, Jacob 92 Cruger, Daniel 93 Culver, EraslusD 93 Cumming, Thomas W 94 Curtis, Edward 94 Cushman, John Painel 95 -Cutting, Francis B 96 Dana, Amasa 97 Darling, William A 98 Davis, KichardD 101 Davis, Thomas T 102 Day, Rowland 103 Dayan Charles 103 Dean, Gilbert 1 04 DeGraff, John 1 105 Deitz, AVilliam 105 Delaplaine, Isaac C 1 06 DeMott, John 106 Denning, William 106 Denoyelles, Peter 106 Dewitt, Charles 107 De Witt, CharlesG 107 De Witt, Jacob H 107 Dickinson, Daniel S 108 Dickinson, JohnD 109 Dickson, John 109 Dickson, Samuel 109 Diven, Alexander S HO Dix, John A HO Dodd, Edward HI Dodge, William E 112 Doe, Nicholas B 112 Doig, Andrew AV 112 Doubleday, Ulysses F H2 Dowse. AVilliam 113 Drake, John R 113 Duane, James 114 Dudley, Charles E 114 Duell, R. Holland 114 Duer, AVilliam 114 Duer AVilliam 114 Dwinuell, Justin 117 Eager, Samuel W H' Earll, Jonas, jr 117 Earll, Nehemiah 117 Eaton, Lewis 117 Edwards, Francis S 1-*-^ Edward, John 1 19 Effner, Valentine 120 Egbert, Joseph 120 Ellkott, Benjamin 121 Ellis, Cheselden 122 Ellsworth, SamuelS 122 Elmendorf, Lucas 122 Ely, Alfred 123 Ely, John 123 Embtt, James 123 Evans, David E 1 25 Faxlin, Dudley 127 Fay, John 128 Fenton, Reuben E 129 Ferris, Charles G 129 Fillmore, Millard 130 Finch, Isaac 131 Fine, John 131 Fish, Hamilton 131 Fisher, George 132 Fisk, Jonathan 132 Fitch, Asa 1 132 Flagler, Thomas T I33 Floyd, CharlesA 133 Floyd, JnhnG 134 Floyd, William 134 Foote, Ch arles A 134 Ford, AVilliam D i 135 Fosdick, Nicoll 136 Foster, A. Lawrenco 136 Foster, Henry A 136 Franchot, Richard 138 Frank, Augustus ]3Q Frost, Joel 140 Fuller, Philo C 140 Fuller, William K 141 Gallup, Albert 143 Ganesvoort, Leonard 143 Ganson, John 143 Gardenier, Barent 143 Garnsez, Daniel G 144 G arrow, Nat haniei 144 Gates, Seth Merrill 144 Gcbhard, John 145 Gcddes, James 145 German, Obadiah 145 Gilbert, Ezekiel 1 146 Gilbert, William A 146 Gillet, Ransom H 147 Glenn, Henry 148 Gold, Thomas R. 149 Goodwin, Henry C 150 Goodyear, Charles 151 Gordon, James 151 Gordon, Samuel 151 Gott, Daniel 152 Gould, Herman D 152 Graham, James H 152 Granger, Amos P 152 Granger, Frauci3 152 Grant, Abraham P 152 Gray, Hiram 1 53 Greeley, Horace 153 Green, Byram 153 Greig, John - - 155 Grinnell, Moses H 156 Griswold, Gaylord 150 Griswold, John A 156 Gross, Ezra C 1 57 Grosvenor, Thomas P 157 Grover, Martin 157 Guy on, James, jr 158 Hackley, Aaron, jr 159 Haight, Edward 159 Hale, Robert S 160 Hall, George ' 160 Hall, Nathan K - 161 Hallock, John, jr 16! Hallowav, Ransom 162 Halsev, Jehiel H 162 Halsey, Nicoll 162 Halsey, Silas.. 162 Hamilton, Alexander 162 Hammond, Jabez D 163 Hand, Augustus C 165 Hard, Gideon 166 Haring, John 166 Harris, Ira 168 Harris, John 169 Hart, Emanuel B 171 Hart, Roswell 171 Hasbrouck, Abraham 171 Hasbrouck, Abraham B 171 Hasbrouck, Josiah 171 Hascall, Augustus P 171 Haskin, John B 172 Hastings. George 172 Hatch, Israel T 172 Hathaway, Samuel G 172 Hathorn, John 172 Havens, Jonathan N 172 Haven, Solomon G 173 Hawkins, Joseph 173 Hawkes, James 173 Haws, J. H. Hobart 173 Hay den, Moses 173 Hazeltine, Abner 174 Herkimer, John 178 Herrick, Anson 179 Herrick, Richard P 179 Hoard, Charles B 183 Hobart, John Sloss 183 Hobbie. Selah R 183 INDEX. 389 Hoffman, Michael... 184 Hoffman, Ogden 184 Hogan, William 184 Hogeboom. James L 184 Holley, John M 185 Holmes, Elias B 185 Holmes, Sidney T 186 Hopkins, Samuel SI 187 Horton, Thomas R 188 Hosford, Jedediah 188 Hosmer. Hezekiah L 1,^8 Hotehkiss, Giles W 188 Houek, Jacob, jr ltrS Hough-William J 183 Howe, Thomas Y., jr 191 Howell, Edward 191 Howell. Xathanicl.. 191 Hubbard, Demas, ir 193 Hubbard. Thomas H 1 92 Hubbel, Edwin N 193 Hubbell, William S 193 Hughes, Charles 193 Hughston, Jonas A 193 Huguenin, Daniel 193 Hulbnrd, Calvin T 193 Humphrey, Charles 194 Humphrey, James 194 Humphrey, James M 184 Humphrey, Reuben 194 Hungerford, Orville 194 Hunt, Hiram P 194 Hunt, Washington 194 Hunter, William G 195 Huntington, Abel 195 Irvine, William 198 Irving, William 198 Ives, Willard 199 Jackson, David S 199 Jackson, Thomas B 200 Jackson, W. T 2U0 Jay, John 391 Jeukins, Lemuel 202 Jenkins, Timothy 203 Jewett, Freeborn G 203 Johnson, Jeromus 204 Johnson, Noadiah 204 Johnston, Charles 206 Jones, Daniel T 206 Jones, Morgan 208 Jones, Nathaniel 208 Kalbfleisch. Martin 209 Keese, Richard 210 Kellogg, Charles 211 Kellogg, Orlando 211 Kelly, John 311 Kelsey, William H 311 Kemble, Gouvernenr 211 Kempshall, Thomas 211 Kent, Moss 213 Kenyon, WilliamS 213 Kernan, Francis 213 Kerrigan. James E 213 Ketchami John H 214 King, John 216 King, John A 216 King, Perkins 216 King, Prerton 216 King Rufus 216 King, Rufus H 216 Kirkland, Joseph 218 Kirkpatrick, William 218 Kirtland, Dorrance 218 Knickerbocker, Herman 219 Lafflin, Addison H 220 Lansing, Gerrit Y -23 Lansing, John 222 Lansing. William E 222 Lawrence, Cornelius Van Wyck 224 Lawrence, John 2^5 Lawrence, John W 225 Lawrence, Samuel 225 Lawrence, Sidney 225 Lawrence, William T 226 Lawyer, Thomas 226 Lay, George W 326 Lee, Gideon 227 Lee, Henry B 228 Lee, Joshua 228 Lee, i\I. Lindloy 228 LefferH John 229 Lent, James 230 Leonard, M> ses G 230 Leonard, StephenB 230 Lewis, Abner 231 Lewis, Francis 331 L'Hominedieu, Ezra 331 Linn, Archibald L 232 Litchfield, Eli»ha 233 Littlejohn, De Witt C 233 Livingston, Edward 233 Livingston, Henry Walter 234 Living.ton, Philip 234 Livingston, Robert Le Roy 234 Livingston, Robert R 234 Livingston, Walter , 234 Loomis. Arphaxad 236 Lord, Frederick W 237 Love, Thomas C 237 Lovett, John 237 Low, Isaac 238 Lyman, Joseph S 239 Lyon, Caleb, of Lyonsdale 240 Maclay, William B 241 Magee, John 242 Mallory, Meredith 242 Mann, Abijab, jr 243 Marcy, William Larned 244 Markell, Henry 244 Markell, Jacob 244 Martin, Frederick S 246 Martindale, Henry C 247 Marvin, Dudley 247 Marvin, James M 247 Marvin, Richard P 247 Mason, William 248 Masters, Josiah 249 Mathews, Vincent 249 Matteson, Orasmus B 249 Maurice, James 250 Maxwell, Thomas 250 Maynard, John 250 McCarty, Andrew Z 251 McCarty, Richard 251 McClellan, Robert 251 McCord, Andrew 252 McDougall, Alexander 253 McKeon, James Badell 255 McKeon, John 256 McKissock, Thomas 256 McManus, William 257 McVean, Charles 258 Meigs, Henry 259 Motcalf, Ariinah 2fil Miller, John 263 Miller, Killian 263 Miller, Morris S 263 Miller, Rutger B 264 Miller, Samuel F 264 Miller, William S 264 Mitchell, Charles F 263 Mitchell, Henry 265 Mitchell, Samuel Latham 266 Moffit, Hosea 266 Monell, Robert 266 Montanya, J. L. D 267 Moore, Ely 267 Morgan, Christopher 269 Morgan, Edwin B ~69 Morgan, Edwin D 269 Morgan, John 1 270 Morri-t, Daniel ~^ Morris, Gouverneu r 271 590 I X DE X . Morris, Lewis 272 Morris, Thomas 272 Morse, O. A -¦-.- 273 Moseley, William A 274 Mullen, Joseph 275 Mumford, Gurdon S 275 Munroe, James 275 Murphy, Henry C 275 Murray, Ambrose S 276 Murray, William -. 276 Nelson, Homer A - 277 Nelson, William 278 Nicholson, John 280 Nicoll, Henry 280 Niven, Archibald C 280 Noble, William H 281 North, William 281 Norton, Ebenezer F 281 Oakley, Thomas Jackson 282 Odell, MosesF 283 Ogden, David A 283 Olin, Abraham B.., 281 Oliver, Andrew 284 Oliver, William M 284 Page, Sherman 287 Paine, Ephraim 288 Palen, Rufus 288 Palmer, Beriah 288 Palmer, George W 288 Palmer, John 288 Parker, Amasa J 289 Parker, John M 2X9 Partridge, Samuel 291 Patterson, John 291 Patterson, Thomas J 291 Patterson, Walter 29 i Patterson, William 291 Paulding, William, jr 292 Peck, Jared V 292 Peck, Luther C 293 Peckham, Ruf us W 293 Peek, Hermanus 293 Pelton, Guy R 293 Pendleton, Edmund 293 Perkins, Bishop 294 Petrie, George 295 Phelps, Oliver 297 Phoenix, J. Philips 298 Pierson, Jeremiah H 300 Pierson, Job 300 Pitcher, Nathaniel 301 Piatt, Jonas 301 Piatt, Zephaniah 301 Pomeroy, Theodore M 303 Pond, Benjamin 303 Porter, James 304 Porter, Peter B 304 Porter, Timothy II -304 Post, Jotham, jr 304 Pottle, Emory B 305 Powers, Gershom 306 Pratt, Zadock 306 Prentiss, John H 306 Pringle, Benjamin 308 Pruyn, John V. L 308 Purely, Smith M 309 Putnam, Harvey 309 Radford, William 310 Patbbun, George 312 Raymond, Henry J 312 Reed, Edward C 314 Reynolds, Gideon 315 Reynolds, John II 315 Reynolds, Joseph 316 Richards, Johu 317 Richmond, Jonathan 318 Riggs, Lewis 319 Riker, Samuel 319 Risley, Elijah 319 Robbie, Reubeu 320 Robinson, Orville 321 Rochester, William B 321 Rogers, Charles 323 Rogers, Edward 323 Roosevelt, James I -. 323 Root, Erastus 323 Rose, Robert L 324 Rose, Robert S 324 Ross, Henry H 324 Rowe, Peter 325 Ruggles, Charles II ,. 326 Rumsey, David, jr 326 Russell, David 327 Russell, Jeremiah .* 327 Russell, Johu 327 Russell, Joseph 327 Russell, William F 327 Sackett, William A 328 Sage, Ebenezer. 328 Sage, Russell 328 Sailly, Peter 328 Sammons, Thomas 329 Sandford, John 329 Sandford, Jonah •- 329 Sands, Joshua 329 Sanford, Nathan 329 Savage, John 330 Schenck, Abraham H 331 Schermerhoru, Abraham M 331 Schoolcraft, John L -' 331 Schoonmaker, Cornelius C 332 Schoonmaker, Marius 332 Schureman, Martin G- .' 332 Schuyler, PhUip 332 Schuyler, Philip J '. 332 Scott, John Morin 333 Scudder, Treadwell 333 Seaman, Henry J 333 Searing, John A 333 Sedgwick, C. B 334 Selden, Dudley 334 Seward, William II 336 Seymour, David L 336 Seymour, William 336 Sharpe, Peter 337 Sherman, J. W 33S Sherman, Socrates N 340 Sherrill, Eliakim 340 Sherwood, Samuel 340 Shipherd, ZebulonR.... 340 Sibley, Mark H 341 Sickles, DanielE 341 Sickles, Nicholas 341 Silvester, Peter 341 Silvester, Peter H .- 341 Simmons, G eorge A 342 Slingerland, Johu 1 344 Smith, Albert 345 Smith, Edward Henry 346 Smith, Gerritt 346 Smith, Johu 347 Smith, Melancthon 348 Smith, Williams 350 Snow, William W 350 Soule, Nathan 351 Spaulding, Elbridge G 352 Spencer, Ambrose 353 Spencer, Elijah 353 Spencer, James B 353 Spencer, John C 353 Spinner, Francis E 354 Starkweather, George A 356 Stebbius, Henry G 356 Steele, JobnB.' 357 Stephens, Abraham P 357 Sterling, Micah 358 Stetsou, Lemuel 358 St. John, Daniel B 360 Storrs, Henry R 362 Stow. Silas 363 IND EX. 591 Stower, John G 363 Stranahan, J. S. T 363 Street, Randall S 364 Strong, James 364 Strong, Selah B 364 Strong, Stephen 364 Strong, TheronR 364 Sutherland, Josiah 367 Swart, Peter 367 Taber, Thomas 368 Tabor, Stephen 368 Talbot, Silas 368 Tallmadge, Frederick A 369 Tallmadge, James, jr 369 Tallmadge, Nathaniel P 369 Taylor, Asher 370 Taylor, George 370 Taylor, John J 371 Taylor, John W 371 Taylor, Nelson 371 Taylor, William 371 Teller, James 372 TenEyck, Egbert 372 Thomas, David 374 Thompson, Joel 376 Thompson, John 376 Thompson, John 376 Throop. Enos T 377 Thurman, John R 377 Tibbetts. George 378 Titus, Obadiah 378 Tomlinson, Thomas A 379 Tompkins, Caleb 379 Tompkins, Daniel D 379 Townsend, Dwight 380 Townsend, George 380 Townsend, James 380 Tracy, Albert H 380 Tracy, PhineasL 380 Tracy, Uri 380 Tredwell, Thomas 381 Turrell, Joel 384 Tuthill, Selah 384 Tweed, William M 384 Tyson, Jacob 385 Underbill, Walter 385 Vail, Henry 386 Valk. William "W 387 Van Aernam, Henry 387 Van Allen, James (,» 387 Van Allen, John E 387 Van Buren, John 387 Van Buren. Martin 387 Van Cortlandt, Philip 388 Vau Cortlandt, Pierrie, jr 388 Vanderpool, Aaron 388 Vanderveer, Abraham 388 Van Gaasbeck, Peter 388 Van Horn, Burt 388 Van Houton, Isaac B 389 Van Ness, John P 389 Van Rensselaer, Henry 389 Vau Rensselaer, Jeremiah 389 Vau Rensselaer, Solomon 389 Van Rensselaer, Stephen 389 Van Rensselaer, Killian K 389 Van Valkenburgh, Robert B 339 Van Wyck, Charles H 390 Van Wyck, William W 390 Verplanck, Daniel C 390 Verplanck, Gulian C 391 Vibbard, Chauucey 391 Wagner, Peter J /. 393 Wakeman, Abraham 393 Walbridge, Henry S 393 Walbridge, Hiram 393 Walden, Hiram 393 Walker, Benjamin 394 Walker, William A 395 Wall, WilUam 395 Walsh Mike 396 Walworth, Reuben Ilvde 397 Ward, Aaion ". 397 Ward, Elijah 397 Ward, Hamilton 397 Ward, Jonathan 397 Wardwell, Daniel 398 Warren, Cornelius 398 Watson, James 401 Watts, John 401 Wells, Alfred 404 Wells, John 404 Wcndover, Peter H 404 Westbrook, Theodoric R 404 Westerlo, Renssalaer 405 Whallon, Reuben 405 Wheaton, Horace 405 Wheeler. Grattan H 405 Wheeler, John 406 Wheeler, William A 406 White, Bartow W 406 White, Campbell!' 406 White, Hugh 407 White, Joseph L 407 Whitney, Thomas R 409 Whittemore, Ellas 409 Whittlesey, Frederick 409 Wickes, Eliphalet 409 Wilder, A.Carter 410 Wilkin, James W 411 Wilkin, SamuelJ 411 Williams, Isaac, jr 412 Williams, John 412 Williams, John 412 Williams, Nathan 413 Willoughby, Westel, jr 415 Wilson, Isaac 415 Wilson, Nathan 417 Windfleld, Charles H 417 Winter, Elisha J 418 Wisner, Henry 418 Wood, Benjamin 419 Wood, BradfordR 419 Wood, Eernando 420 Wood, John J 420 Wood, Silas 420 Woodcock, David 421 Woodruff, Thomas M 421 Woods, William 421 Woodworth, William W 422 Wright, Silas ' 423 Yates, Abraham, jr 425 Yates, John B 425 Yates, Peter W 425 Young, John 426 iVoi'th Carolina. Alexander, Evan 4 Alexander, Nathaniel 4 Alston, Willis ^ Alston, Willis, jr 7 Arrington, Archibald 13 Ashe, John Baptiste 13 Ashe, WilliamS 13 Badger, George E 15 Barringer, Daniel L 21 Barringer, Daniel Moreau 21 Bethune, Laughlin 29 Biggs, Asa , 30 Blackledge, William ' 33 Blackledge, William S 33 Bloodworth, Timothy 35 Blount, Thomas 3o Boyden, Nathaniel 40 Bragg, Thomas 42 Branch, John **-. Branch, Lawrence O'Brien 42 Brown, Bedford fl Bryan, John 1 1 o0 592 / X D F X . Bryan, Joseph H 50 Bryan, Nathan 50 Bryde, Archibald M 50 Burgess, Dempscy 53 Burke, Thomas 54 Burton, Robert 56 Bynam, Jesse A 58 Caldwell, Greene W 59 Carson, Samuel P 64 Caswell, Richard 66 Clark, James AV 74 Clarke, Henry S 75 Clingman, Thomas L 79 Conner, Henry W 85 Craige, Burton 89 Crudup, Josiah 93 Culpepper, John 93 Cumming, William 94 Daniel, John R, J 98 Davidson, William 100 Dawson, William J 103 Deberry, Edmund 105 Dickens, Samuel 108 Dixon, Joseph Henry Ill Dobbin, James C Ill Dockery, A ill Donnell, Richard S 112 Dudley, Edward B 114 Edwards, Weldon N 120 Fisher, Charles 132 Forney, Daniel M 135 Forney, Peter 135 Franklin, Jesse 138 Franklin, Meshack 139 Gartlin, Alfred 144 Gaston, AVilliam 144 Giles, John 146 Gillespie, James 147 Gilmer, John A 148 Graham, James 152 Graham, AVilliam A 152 Grove, AVilliam B 157 Hall, Thomas H 161 Harnett, Cornelius 167 Hawkins, Benjamin 173 Hawkins, M. T 173 Haywood, AVilliam H., jr 174 Henderson, Archibald 176 Hewes, Joseph 179 Hill, John 181 Hill, Wbitmill 181 Hill, William H 18L Hines, Richard 182 Holland, James 185 Holmes, Gabriel 185 Hooks, Charles 186 Hooper, AA'illiam 186 Iredell. James 198 Johnston, Charles 206 Johnston, Samuel 206 JoneB, Allen 206 Jones, Roland X!08 Jones, Willie 208 Kenao, Thomas 211 Kennedy, William 212 Kerr, John 213 Leach, James M 227 Locke, Francis 235 Locke, Matthew 235 Loug, John 23G Love, William C 237 Macon, Nathaniel 241 Mangum, Willie P 242 Martin, Alexander 246 McDowell, Joseph 253 McFurlau, Duncan 254 McKay, James J 255 McNeil, Archibald 257 Mebane, Alexander 259 Mitchell, Anderson 265 Montgomery, AVilliam 267 Moreheari, I. T 269 Mumford, George 275 Murfree, AVilliam H 276 Nash, Abner 277 Outlaw, David 286 Outlaw, George C 286 Owen, James 286 Paine, Robert T 288 Pearson, Joseph 292 Perm, John 294 Pettigrew, Ebenezer 296 Pickens, Israel, (see Alabama.) 298 Potter, Robert 305 Purviance, Samuel D 309 Puryear, Richard C 309 Rayner, Kenneth 313 Rende, Edwin G 313 Reid, DavidS 315 Rencber, Abraham 315 Rogers, Sion H 323 Ruffin, Thomas 325 Saunders, Romulus M 330 Sawyer, S. T 330 Scales. A lfred M., jr 331 Settle, Thomas 335 Shadwick, William 337 Sharpe, AVilliam 337 Shepard, Charles B 338 Shepai d, AVilliam B 338 Shepperd, Augustus H 339 Sitgreaves, John 343 Slocum, Jesse 344 Smith, James S 346 Smith, AVil Ham N. H 350 Suaight, Richai d D 352 Spaight, Richard D 352 StanJord, Richard 355 Stanley, Edward 355 Stanley, John 355 Steele, John 357 Stewart, James 359 Stokes, Montford 361 Stone, David 362 Strange, Robert 363 Swan, John 367 Tate, Magnus 370 Tatum, Absalom 370 Turner, Daniel 383 Turner, James 384 A'ance, Robert B 388 Vance, Zebulon B 388 A'enable, Abraham AV 390 AValkcr, Felix 394 Washington, William H 400 White, Alexander 406 AViiliains, Benjamin 411 Williams, John 412 AVilliams, Lewis 413 AVilliam s, Marmaduke 413 AVilliainw, Robert 413 Williamson. Hugh 414 AVinslow, Warren 418 Winston, Joseph 418 Wyuns, Thomas 424 Yancey, Bartlett 425 Ohio. Albright, Charles J 3 Alexander, James, jr 4 Alexander, John 4 Allen, John W 5 A lien, William 6 Allen, William 6 Andrews, Sherlock J 10 A:Jiley, James M 13 Ball.Edward 18 Barber, Lovj 19 Barrcre, Nelson 21 INDEX. 593 Bartley, Mordecai 03 Beall, Rezin 25 Beecher, Philemon 26 Bell, Hiram 26 Bell, James M 26 Bell, John 26 Bingham, John A 31 Blake, Harrison G 34 Bliss, George 35 Bliss, Philemon 35 Bond, AVilliam Key 36 Brinkerhoff, Henry R 45 Brinkerhoff, Jacob 45 Brown, Ethan A 48 Brush, Henry 50 Buckland, Ralph P 51 Bundy, Hezekiah S 53 Burnett, Jacob 54 Burns, Joseph 55 Busby, George H 56 Cable, Joseph 58 Caldwell, James 59 Campbell. Alexander 61 Campbell, John W 61 Campbell, Lewis D 61 Canby, Richard S 62 Carey, John 62 Cartter, David K 64 Chambers, David 67 Chaney, John 68 Chase, Salmon P 70 Clarke, Reader Wright 75 Clendenen, David 78 Cockerell, Joseph R 81 Coffin, Charles G 81 Cooke, Eleutheros 86 Corwin, Moses B 87 Corwin, Thomas 87 Cowen, Benjamin S 88 Cox, SamuelS 88 Crane, Joseph H 90 Creighton, AVilliam 91 Crowell, John 93 Cummins, John D 94 Cunningham, Francis A 94 Cutler, William P 96 Davenport, John 99 Day, Timothy C 103 Dean, Ezra 104 Delano, Columbus 105 Dickinson, Rudolphus 109 Disney, David T 110 Doane, William Ill Duncan, Alexander. 115 Duncan, Daniel 115 Eckley, Ephraim R 118 Edgerton, Alfred P 118 Edgerton, Sidney 118 Edward, Thomas O 120 Eggleston, Benjamin 120 Ellison, Andrew 122 Emrie, J. Reece 123 Evans, Nathan 125 Ewing, Thomas 127 Faran, James J 127 Fearing, Paul 128 Finck, William E 131 Findlay, James 131 Fisher, David 132 Florence, Elias 133 Fries, George - 140 Galloway, Samuel 142 Garfield, James A 143 Gaylord, James M 145 Gazley, James W 145 Giddings, Joshua R 146 Goode, Patrick G 149 Goodenow, John M 150 Green, Frederick W 153 GriKwold, Stanley 156 38 Groesbeck, AVilliam S 157 Gurley, John A 158 Hall, Lawrence AV 160 Hamer, Thomas L 162 Hamlin, Edward S 163 Hai'lan, Aaron 167 Harper, Alexander 167 Harrison, John S 170 Harrison, Richard A 170 Harrison, AVilliam Henry 170 Hastings, John 172 Hayes, Rutherford B 173 Helmick, William 175 Herrick, Samuel 179 Hitchcock, Peter 182 Hoagland, Moses 182 Horton, Valentine B 188 Howard, William 190 Howell, Elias 191 Hubbell, James R 192 Hunter, William F 195 Hunter, William H 195 Hutchins, John 196 Hutchins, AVells A 196 Irvin, William AV 198 Jennings, David 203 Johnson, Harvey A 203 Johnson, John 204 Johnson, Perley B 204 Johnson, William 205 Jones, Benjamin 206 Kennon. William 212 Kerr, Joseph 213 Kilbourn, James 214 Kilgore, Daniel 21 5 Lahm , Samuel 220 Lawrence, AVilliam 225 Lawrence, William 225 Leadbetter, D. P 227 Leavitt, Humphrey H 227 Le Blond, Francis C 227 Leiter, Benjamin F 230 Lindsley, AVilliam D 232 Long, Alexander 236 Lytle, Robert T 241 Martin, Charles D 246 Mason, Samson 248 Mathews, James 249 Mathiot, Joshua 249 McCauslen, William C 251 McDonald, Joseph E 253 McKinney, John F 256 McLean, John 257 McLean, William 257 McLene, Jeremiah 257 Medill, William 259 Meigs, Return J 260 Miller, John K 263 Miller, Joseph 263 Mitchell, Robert 266 Moore, Heman A 268 Moore, Oscar F 268 Morris, Calvary 270 Morris, James R 271 Morris, Jonathan D 271 Morris, Joseph 272 Morris, Thomas 272 Morrow, Jeremiah 273 Mott, Richard.' 274 Muhlenberg, Francis Samuel 274 Newton, Eben 279 Nichols, MatthiasH 279 Noble, Warren P 281 Nugen, Robert H ;-- 282 01ds,EdsonB 283 O'Neill, John 284 Parish, Isaac 288 Patterson, John 291 Patterson, AVilliam 291 Pendleton. George H 293 594 IN D EX. Pendleton, Nathaniel Greene 293 Perrill, Augustus L 295 Plants, Tobias A 301 Potter, Emery D 305 Pugh, George Ellis 308 Riddle, Albert G 318 Ridgwa}', Joseph 318 Ritchey, Thomas 318 Root, Joseph M 324 Ruggles, Benjamin 326 Russell, AVilliam 327 Sapp, AVilliam R 329 Sawyer, AVilliam 330 Schenck, Robert C 331 Shannon, Thomas 337 Shannon, AVilson 337 Shellabarger, Samuel 338 Sheplor, Matthias 339 Sherman, John 339 Shields, James 340 Sloane, John 344 Sloane, Jonathan 344 Smith, John 347 Spalding, Rufus Paine 352 Spangler, David 352 Stanberry, AVilliam 355 Stanton, Benjamin 355 Starkweather, David A 356 St. John, Henry 360 Stokely, Samuel 361 Stone, Alfred P 362 Storer, Bellamy 362 Stuart, Andrew 365 Swearingen, Henry 367 Sweeny, George 367 Sweetzer, Charles 367 Tappan, Benjamin 369 Taylor, John L 371 Taylor, Jonathan 371 Theaker, Thomas C 373 Thompson, John 376 Thurman, Allen G 377 Timn, Edward 378 Tilden, Daniel R 378 Tompkins, Cydnor B 379 Townsend, N. S 380 Trimble, Cary A 382 Trimble, AVilliam A 382 A'allandigham, Clement L 387 Vance, Joseph 388 Van Metre, John J 389 Vinton, Samuel F 391 AVade, Benjamin F 392 AVade, Edward 392 AVatson, Cooper K 401 AVebster, Taylor 403 Welch, Johu 403 AVelker, Martin 403 AVeller, John B 403 AVhite, Chilton A 407 AVhite, Joseph AV 407 AVhittlesey, Elisha 409 AVhittlesey, AV. A 409 AVilson, AVilliam 417 AVood, AmosE 419 Woods, John 421 Worcester, Samuel T 422 AVorthington, Thomas 422 AVrigh t, John C 423 Ore goai. Grover, Lafayette 157 Henderson, John H. D 176 Lane, Joseph 221 McBride, John R 251 Nesmith, James AV 278 Shiel, George K 340 Smith, Delazon 345 Stark, Benjamin 356 Stcut, Lansing 363 Thurston, Samuel R 378 Williams, George H 412 Pennsylvania . Addams, William 3 Ah ], John A 3 Allen, Andrew 4 Allison, James 7 Allison, John 7 Allison, Robert 7 Ancona, Sydenham E 7 Anderson, Isaac 8 Anderson, Samuel 9 Anthony, Joseph B 10 Armstrong, James 11 Ash, Michael W 13 Atl&e, Samuel 15 Babbitt, Elisha 15 Baily, Joseph 16 Baldwin, Henry 18 Banks, John 18 Barclay, David 20 Bard, David 20 Barker, Abraham A 20 Barlow, Stephen 20 Barnard, Isaac D 20 Barnitz, Charles A 20 Bayard, John 24 Beatty, AVilliam 25 Beaumont, Andrew 25 Beeson, Henry W 26 Bibighaus, Thomas M 29 Biddle, Charles John 29 Biddle, Edward 30 Biddle, Richard 30 Bidlack, Benjamin A 30 Bigler, AVilliam 31 Bingham, William 31 Binney, Horace 32 Blackj Henry 32 Black, James 33 Blair, Samuel S 34 Blanchard, John 34 Boden, Alexander 36 Boude, Thomas 37 Boudinot, Elias 37 Boyer, Benjamin M 40 Bradshaw, Samuel C 41 Brady, Jasper E 42 Breck, Samuel 43 Bridges, Samuel A 44 Brodhead, Richard 45 Broom , Jacob 47 Broomall, John M . . 47 Brown, Charles 48 Brown , Jeremiah 48 Brown, John 49 Brown, Robert 49 Buchanan, Andrew 50 Buchanan, James 50 Bucher, John C 51 Buekalew, Charles R 5L Buffington, Joseph 52 Burd, George 53 Burnside, Thomas 55 Butler, Chester ^ 57 Cadwalader, John 58 Cadwallader, Lambert 58 Calvin, Samuel 60 Cameron, Simon 60 Campbell, James H.1 61 Campbell, John H 61 Casey, Joseph 65 Chambers, George 67 Chandler, Joseph R 68 Chapman, Henry 69 Chapman, John 69 Clark, M. S 74 INDEX. 595 Clark, William 74 Clark-son, Matthew 75 Clay, Joseph 77 Clingan, William 78 Clymer, George 79 Coffroth, Alexander H 81 Conrad, Frederick 85 Conrad, John S5 Cooper, James 88 Cooper, Thomas B 86 Coulter, Richard 87 Covode, John 88 Cowan, Edgar 88 Crawford, Thomas H 91 Crawford, AVilliam 91 Crouch, Edward 92 Culver, Charles Vernon 93 Curtis, Carlton B 94 Dallas, George Mifflin 96 Danner, Joel B 9S Darlington, Edward 99 Darlington, Isaac ^ 99 Darlington, AVilliam 99 Darragh, Cornelius 99 Davies, Edward 100 Davis, John 101 Davis, Roger 102 Davis, AVilliam M 102 Dawson, John L 103 Denison. Charles 106 Dennison, George 106 Denny, Harmer 107 Dewart, Lewis 107 Dewart, AA'illiam L 107 Dick, Johu 108 Dickey, Jesse C 108 Dickey, John 108 Dickinson, John, (see Delaware) 109 Dimmick, Milo M 110 Dimmick, AVilliam H 110 Dimock, Davis, jr 110 Drum, Augustus 114 Eckert, George N 118 Edie, John R 118 Edwards, John 119 Edwards, Samuel 120 Ege, George 120 Ellis, William C 122 Erdman, Jacob 124 Evans, Joshua 125 Everhart, AVilliam 126 Ewing. John H 126 Farelly, Patrick 127 Findlay, John 131 Findlay, AVilliam 131 Fiadley, William 131 Fitzsimmons, Thomas 133 Florence, Thomas B 133 Ford, James 135 Fornance, Joseph 135 Forrest, Thomas 135 Forward, Chauncey 135 Forward, AV alter 136 Foster, Henry D 136 Franklin, Benjamin 138 Freedley, John 139 Frey, Joseph - 140 Frick, Henry 140 Frv, Jacob, jr 140 Fuller. George 140 Fuller; Henry M 140 Fullerton, David 141 Galbraith, John 141 Gallatin, Albert 142 Galloway, Joseph 142 Gamble, James 142 Gardner, Joseph 143 Garvin, William S 144 Gerry, James 145 Gillis, JamesL 147 Gilmore, Alfred 148 Gilmore, John 148 Glasgow, Hugh 148 Gloninger, Johu 148 G-lossbrenner, Adam J . . . , 148 Green, Iunis 153 Gregg, Andrew 154 Grifliu, Isaac 155 Gross, Samuel 157 Grow, Galusha A 157 Gustine, Amos 158 Hahn, John 159 Hale, James T 159 Hall, Chapin 160 Hamilton, John 163 Hammond, Robert H 164 Hampton, Moses 164 Hand, Edward 165 Hanna, John A 165 Harper, Francis J 167 Harper, James 1 67 Harris, Robert 169 Harrison, S. S 170 Hartley, Thomas 171 Hemphill, Joseph 176 Henderson, Joseph 176 Henderson, Samuel 177 Henry, Thomas 178 Henry, AVilliam 178 Hibshmau. Jacob 180 Hickman, John 180 Hiester, Daniel 175 Hiester, Daniel 175 Hi°ster, Isaac Ellmaker 175 HieBter, John 175 Hiester, Joseph 175 Hiester, William 175 Hill, Thomas 181 Hoge, John 184 Hoge, AVilliam 184 Hook, Enos 186 Hopkinson, Joseph 187 Horn, Hemy 188 Hornbeck, John AV 188 Hostetter, Jacob 188 Howe, John AV 191 Howe, Thomas M 191 Hubley, Edward B 193 Humphreys, Charles 194 Humphreys, Jacob 194 Hyneman, John M 1 96 Ihrie, Peter 196 Ingersoll, Charles J 197 Ingersoll, Jared 197 Ingersoll, Joseph R 197 Ingham, Samuel D 198 Irvin, Alexander 198 Irvin, James 198 Irvine, AVilliam 198 Irwin, Jared 1^° Irwin, Thomas 198 Irwin, William AV 1-J8 Isaacs, Jacob C .- --- 1™ Jack, AVilliam 199 Jackson, David 199 Jacobs, Israel "jjjj James, Francis ~^U Jenkins, Robert 202 Jenks, Michael H 202 Johnson, Philip *"J Jones, J. Glancy, *»? Jones, Owen ~JJ? Junkin, Benjamin T ~™ Keim, George May ~J^ Kelly, AVilliam D ~J" Kelly, James ~f ^ Kerr, John *}2 Killinger, John AV ~|? King, Henry ^ Kittera, John W 218 596 INDEX. Kittera, Thomas 218 Klingensmith, John, jr 218 Knight, Jonathan 219 Koontz, William H 219 Kremcr, George 219 Kubns, Joseph H 220 Kunkel, John C 220 Kurtz, William H 220 Lacdck, Abner 220 Landy, James 221 Laporte, John 222 Lawrence, George V 225 Lawrence, Joseph 225 Lazear, Jessee 226 Leet, Isaac 229 Lefevre, Joseph 229 Lehman, William E 229 Leib, Michael 230 Leib, Owen D 230 Leidy, Paul 230 Leiper, George G 230 Levin, Lewis C 231 Logan, George 235 Logan, Henry 235 Longneeker, Henry C 236 Lower, Christian 238 Lowrie, Walter 238 Lucas, JohnB. 0 - 238 Lyle, Aaron 239 Maclay, Samuel 241 Maclay, AVilliam 241 Maclay, William 241 Maclay, William P 241 Mann, Job 243 Mann, Joel K 243 Marchand, Albert G 243 Marchand, David 243 Markley, Philip S 244 Marks, William 244 Marr, Alem 244 Matlack, Timothy 249 McAllister, Archibald 251 McClean, Moses 251 McClenachan, Blair 251 McClene, James 2ol McCoy, Robert 252 McCreedy, William 252 McCulloch, George 252 McCulloch, John 252 McCulloch, Thomas G 252 Mcllvaine, Abraham R 254 McKean, Samuel 255 McKennan, Thomas M. T 255 McKenty, Jacob K 255 McKnight, Robert 256 McLauahan, James X 256 McNair, John 257 McPherson, Edward 258 McSherry, James 258 Mercur, Ulysses 260 Meredith, Samuel 261 Middleswarth, Ner 261 Mifflin, Thomas 262 Miller, Daniel H 263 Miller, George F 263 Miller, Jesse 263 Miller, William H 264 Millward, John 264 Millward, William 264 Milnor, James 264 Milnor, William 265 Miner, Charles 265 Mitchell, James S 265 Mitchell, John 265 Montgomery, Daniel, jr 267 Montgomery, John G 267 Montgomery, Joseph 267 Montgomery, William 267 Montgomery, William 267 Moore, Henry D 267 Moore, Robert 268 Moore, Samuel 268 Moorhead, James Kennedy 268 Morris, Charles 270 Morris, Edward Joy 271 Morris, Robert 272 Morris, Samuel W 272 Morrison, John A 272 Morton, John 273 Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus 274 Muhlenberg, Henry Augustus 275 Muhlenberg, Henry Augustus 275 Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel 275 Murray, John 276 Murray, Thomas 276 Myers, Amos 276 MyerB, Leonard, 276 Naylor, Charles 277 Nes, Henry 278 Newhard, Peter 278 Ogle, Alexander 283 Ogle, Andrew J 283 Ogle, Charles 283 O'Neill, Charles 284 Orr, Robert 285 Packer, Asa 287 Parker, Andrew -. 289 Patterson, Thomas 291 Patton, John 291 Pawling, Levi 292 Paynter, Lemuel 292 Pearee, John J 292 Peters, Richard 295 Pettit, Charles 296 Petriken, David 296 Phillips, Henry M 297 Phillips, John 297 Pbilson, Robert 298 Piper, William 301 Pitman. Charles W 301 Plumer, Arnold 302 Plumer, George 302 Pollock, James 303 Porter, John 304 Potter, William W 305 Potts, David, jr 305 Pugh, John 309 Purviance, Samuel A 309 Ramsay, Robert 310 Ramsey, William 310 Ramsev, William S 311 Randall, Samuel J 311 Rea, John 313 Read, J 313 Read, AlmonH 313 Reed, Charles M 314 Reed, Joseph 314 Reed, Robert R 314 Rcilly, Wilson 315 Reily, Luther 315 Rhodes, Samuel 316 Richards, Jacob : 317 Richards, John 317 Richards, Matthias 317 Ritchie, David 319 Ritter, John 319 Robbins, John, jr 320 Roberdeau, Daniel 320 Roberts, Anthony E 320 Roberts Jonathan 320 Robison, David F 321 Rodman, William 322 Rogers, Thomas J 323 Ross, George 324 Ross, James 324 Ross, John 324 Ross, Thomas 325 Ross, Thomas R 325 Rush, Benjamin 326 Russell, James M 327 INDEX. 597 Uussell, Samuel 307 Say, Benjamin 330 Schwarts, John 332 Scofield, Glenni W 332 Scott, John 332 Scott, Thomas 333 Scranton, George AV 333 Searle, James 333 Sergeant, John 334 Seybert, Adam 330' Sheffer, Daniel 338 Shippen, William 340 Sill, Thomas H 341 Simonton, William 34-3 Sitgreaves, Samuel 343 Slaymaker, Amos 344 Sniilie, John 345 Smith, George 34G Smith, James 34fi Smith, John T 348 Smith, Jonathan B 348 Smith, Samuel 349 Smith, Samuel A 349 Smith, Thomas 349 Smith, Thomas 349 Snyder, John 351 Spangler, Jacob 352 St. Clair, Arthur 356 Stephens, Philander 357 Stephenson, James S 358 Sterigere, John B 358 Stevens, Thaddens ." 358 Stewart, Andrew 359 Stewart, John 359 Stewart, William 360 Stiles, John D 360 Straub, Christian M 364 Strohm, John 364 Strong, William 364 Strouse, Myers 365 Sturgeon, Daniel 365 Sutherland, Joel B 367 Swannick, John 367 Tannehill, Adamson 369 Tarr, Christian 370 Taylor, George 370 Thayer, M. Russell 373 Thomas, Richard 375 Thcmpson, James 375 Thomson, Alexander 377 Todd, John 378 Todd, Lemuel 379 Toland, George AV 379 Tracy, II. W 380 Trout, Michael C 382 Tyson.Job R 385 Udree. Daniel 385 Van Home, Espy 389 Van Horne, Isaac 389 Verree, John P 391 Wagener, D. D 393 AVallace, James M 395 Wallace, John AV 395 Wain, Robert 396 Watmough, John G 400 AVayne, Isaac 401 AVestbrook, John 404 White, Allison 406 AVhitehill, James 408 AVhicehill, John 408 Whitehill, Robert 408 Whiteside, John 408 Wilkins, William 411 AVilling, Thomas 414 Williams, Thomas 413 AVilmot, David 415 Wilson, Henry 415 Wilson, James 416 Wilson, James 416 AVilson, Stephen F 417 Wilson, Thomas 417 Wilson, William 417 AVi.te, AVilliam H "V... ....'. 419 AVolfe, George "" 419 Wood, John 420 Woods, John * 401 Wormau, Ludwig 422 AVright, Hendrick B 423 Wurtz, John 424 AVynkoop, Henry ''" 424 Yost, Jacob S 425 Khodc Island. Allen, Philip 6 Anthony, Henry B 10 Arnold, Jonathan 12 Arnold, Lemuel H 12 Arnold, Peleg 12 Arnold, Samuel G 12 Baker, Caleb 17 Boss, John L 37 Bourne, Benjamin 38 Bradford, AVilliam 41 Bray ton, AVilliam D 42 Brown, John 49 Browne, George H 49 Burgess, Tristam 53 Burrill, James 56 Champlin, Christopher G 68 Clarke, John H . , 75 Collins, John 83 Cornell, Ezekial „ 87 Cranston, Henry Y 90 Cranston, Robert B 90 Davis, Thomas 102 De Wolfe, James 108 Dixon, Nathan F Ill Dixon, Nathan F Ill Durfee, Job 116 Durfee, Nathaniel B 116 Eddy, Samuel 118 Ellery, Christopher 121 Ellery, AVilliam 121 Fenner, James !.. 129 Foster, Theodore 137 Francis, John B 138 Greene, Albert C 154 Greene, Ray 1 54 Hazard, Jonathan 174 Hazard, Nathaniel . 174 Hopkins, Stephen 187 Howell, David 191 Howell, Jeremiah B 191 Howland, Benjamin 191 Hunter, AVilliam 195 Jackson, Richard, jr 200 James, Charles T 200 Jenckes, Thomas A 202 King, George G 215 Knight, Nehemiah 219 Knight, Nehemiah R 219 Malbone, Francis 242 Manning, James 243 Marchaut, Henry 243 Mason, James B 247 Mathewson, Elisha 249 .Miller, Nathan 263 Mowry, Daniel, jr 274 Pearce, Dutee J 292 Potter, Elisha R 305 Potter, Elisha R., jr 305 Potter, Samuel J 305 Robins, Asher 320 Robinson, Christopher 321 Shaw, Henry M 338 Sheffield, AVilliam P 338 Simmons, James F 342 Sprague, William 354 Sprague, AVilliam 354 598 / N D E X . Stanton, Joseph 356 Thurston, Benjamin B 357 Tillinghast, Joseph L 378 Tillinghast, Thomas 378 Varnum, James M 390 AVard, Samuel 398 Wilbur, Isaac 410 South Carolina. A iken , AVilliam 3 Alston, Lemuel J ^ 7 Ashmore, John D 14 Barnwell, Robert 20 Barnwell, R. AV 20 Bee, Thomas 26 Bellinger, Joseph 27 Benton, Samuel 28 Beresford, Richard 28 Black, James A 33 Blair, James 33 Bonham, Milledge L 36 Boyce, William AV 39 Brevard, James 44 Brooks, Preston S 46 Bull, John 52 Burke, Edanus 53 Burt, Armistead 56 Butler, Andrew Pickens 56 Butler, Pierce 57 Butler, Samson H 57 Butler, William 57 Butler, AVilliam 57 Caldwell, Patrick C o9 Calhoun, John C '. 59 Calhoun, John E 59 Calhoun, Joseph 60 Campbell, John 61 Campbell, Robert B 61 Campbell, Thomas F 62 Carter, John 64 Casey, Levi 65 Chappell, John J 69 Chestnut, James, jr 71 Cheves, Langdon 71 Clowney, W. K 79 Colcock, AVilliam F 82 Davis, AVarren R 102 Desaussure, AVilliam F 107 Drayton, AVilliam 113 Drayton, AVilliam Henry 113 Earle, Elias 117 Earle, John B 117 Earle, Samuel 117 Elmore, Franklin Harper 123 Ervin, James 124 Evans, David R 125 Evans, Josiah J 125 Eveleigb, Nicholas 125 Farrow, Samuel 128 Felder, John M 129 Gadsden, Christopher 141 Gaillard, John 141 Gervais, John L 145 Gillon, Alexander 147 Gist, Joseph 148 Gourdin, Theodore 152 Govan, A. R 152 Grayson, AVilliam J 153 Griffin, John K 155 Hammond, James H 163 Hampton, AVade 164 Harper, AVilliam 168 Hayne, Arthur P 174 Hayne, Robert Y 174 Heyward, Thomas 179 Holmes, Isaac E 185 Huger, Benjamin 193 Huger, Daniel 193 Huger, Daniel Elliot 193 Hunter, John 195 Hutson, Richard 196 Izard, Ralph 199 Kean, John 210 Keitt, Lawrence M 210 Kershaw, John 214 Kinloch, Francis 217 Laurens, Henry 223 Legare, Hugh Swinton 229 Lowndes, Thomas 238 Lowndes, AVilliam 238 Lynch, Thomas 239 Lunch, Thomas, jr 239 Manning, Richard I : .- 243 Marion, Robert 244 Martin, William D 247 Matthews, John 249 Mayraut, William 251 McCreary, John 252 McDuffie, George 253 McQueen, John 258 McReady, James 258 Middleton, Arthur 261 Middleton, Henry 262 Middleton, Henry 262 Miles, AV. Porcher 262 Miller, Stephen D 264 Mitchell, Thomas R ¦ 266 Moore, Thomas 268 Moote, Isaac 274 Nesbitt, AVilson 278 Nott, Abraham 282 Nuckolls, AVilliam C 282 Orr, James L 285 Overstreet, James 286 Parker, John 289 Pickens, Andrew 298 Pickens, Francis AV 298 Pinckney, Charles 300 Pinckney, H. L 300 Pinckney, Thomas 300 Poinsett, Joel R 302 Preston, AVilliam C 307 Ramsay, David 310 Read, Jacob 313 Rhett, Robert Barnwell 316 Richardson, John P 317 Richardson, John S 317 Rodgers, James 322 Rutledge, Edward 327 Rut ledge, John 328 Simkins, Eldred 341 Simpson, Richard F 312 Sims, Alexander D 342 Singleton, Thomas D 342 Smith, AVilliam 349 Smith, AVilliam 349 Sumter, Thomas 367 Sumter, Thomas D 367 Taylor, Johu 370 Thompson, AVaddy 377 Trapier, Paul 381 Tucker, Starling 383 Tucker, Thomas T 383 AVallace, Daniel 395 AVilliams, David R 411 AVilson, John 416 AVitherspoon, Robert 419 AVoodward, Joseph A 421 AVoodward, AVilliam 421 AVynn, Richard 424 Tennessee. Alexander, Adam R 4 Allen, Robert 6 Anderson, Alexander £ Anderson, Joseph 8 Anderson, Joseph M 8 Arnold, Thomas D 13 / A" D E X . 599 Ashe, John B 13 Atkins, John D. C 14 Avery, "William T 15 Barrow, Washington 21 Bell, John 26 Blackwell, Julius "\V 33 Blair, John 33 Blount, "William 35 Blount, William G 35 Bowen, Johu H 39 Brabson, Reese B 40 Bridges, George "W 44 Brown, Aaron V 47 Brown, Milton 49 Bryan, Henry H 50 Bugg, Robert M 52 Bunch, Samuel 53 Campbell, Brookins 61 Campbell, George W 61 Campbell, Thomas J 62 Campbell, William B 62 Cannon, Newton 62 Carter, William B 64 Caruthers, Robert L 64 Chase, Lucien B 70 Cheatham, Richard 71 Churchwell, William M 72 Claiborne, Thomas 73 Claiborne, William C. C, (see Louisiana) .. . 73 Clements, Andrew J 78 Cocke, John 81 Cocke, William 81 Cocke, WilliamM 81 Cooper, Edmund 86 Crockett, David 92 Crockett, John W 92 Crozier, John 93 Cullom, Alvan 93 Cullom, William 93 Desha, Robert 107 Dickinson, David W 109 Dickson, William 109 Dunlap, WilliamC 115 Eaton, JohnH 117 Etheridge, Emerson 124 Ewing, Andrew 126 Ewing, Edwin H ' 126 Fitzgerald, WilUam 132 Forrester, J. B 135 Foster, Ephraim H 136 Fowler, J. S 137 Gentry. Meredith P 145 Grundy, Felix 157 Harris, Isham G 169 Harris, Thomas K 169 Haskell, William T 172 Hatton, Robert 172 Hawkins, Isaac R 173 Henderson, Bennett H 176 Hill.HughL.W 180 Hogg, Samuel 184 Humphreys, Perry W 194 Huntsman, Adam 196 luge, William M 197 Jackson, Andrew 199 Jarnagin, Spencer 201 Johnson, Andrew 203 Johnson, Cave 203 Jones, Francis 206 Jones, George W 207 Jones, James C 207 Lea, Luke 226 Lea, Pryor 226 Leftwitch, John W 229 Marable, John H 243 Marr, George W. L 244 Martin, Barclay 246 Maury, Abraham P 250 Maynard, Horace 250 McClellan, Abraham 251 McKee, John _ 255 Miller, Pleasant M 263 Mitchell, James C 265 Nelson, Thomas A. R 278 Nicholson, Alfred O. V 280 Patterson, David T 291 Peyton, Bailey 296 Peyton, Joseph H 296 Polk, James Knox 302 Polk, William" H 303 Powell, Samuel 306 Quarles, James M 309 Ready, Charles 313 Reynolds, James B 315 Rhea, John 316 Rivers, Thomas 319 Sanford, James T 329 Savage, JohnH 330 Senter, William T 334 Sevier, John 335 Shields, Ebenezer J 340 Smith, Daniel 345 Smith, Samuel A 349 Sneed, William H 350 Standifer, James 355 Stanton, Frederick P 355 Stokes, William B 362 Stone, William 362 Tayolr, Nathaniel G 371 Thomas, D. B 374 Thomas, Isaac 374 Thomas, James Houston 374 Turney, Hopkins L 384 Watkins, Albert G 400 Watterson, Harvey M 401 Weakley, Robert 402 Wharton, Jesse 405 White, HughLawson 407 White. James 407 Whiteside, Jenkins 408 Williams, Christoper H 411 Williams, John 412 Williams, Joseph L 412 Wright, JohnV 423 Zollicoffer, FelixK 426 Texas. Bell, Peter H 27 Bryan, Guy M 50 Evans, Lemuel D * . . . 125 Hamilton, Andrew J 162 Hamilton, James 162 Hemphill, Johu 176 Henderson, J. Pinckney.... 177 Houston, Sam 189 Howard, Volney E 190 Kaufman, David S 200 Pilsbury, Timothy 300 Reagan, John H 314 Rusk, Thomas J 326 Scurry, Richardson 333 Smyth, George W 350 Ward, Matthias 397 Wigfall, Lewis T 4-10 "Vermont. Allen, Heman 5 Allen, Heman 5 Bartlett, Thomas.jr 22 Baxter, Portus 23 Bradley, Stephen R 41 Bradley, William C 41 Brainard, Lawrence 42 Buck, Daniel 51 Buck, Daniel Azro A 51 Butler, Ezra 57 Cahoou, William 59 Chamberlain, William 67 GOO INDEX. Chase, Dudley 69 Chipman, Nathaniel 71 Chittenden, Martin 72 Collamer, Jacob 82 Crafts, Samuel C 89 Deming, Benjamin F 106 Dillingham, Panl, jr 109 Edmunds, George F 119 Elliot, James 121 Everett, Horace 126 Fisk, James 132 Fletcher, Isaac 133 Foot, Solomon 134 Hall, Hilaud 160 Hebard, William 175 Henry, William 178 Hodges, George T 183 Hubbard, Jonathan H 192 Hunt, Jonathan 194 Hunter, William 195 Janes, HenryF 201 Jewett, Luther 203 Keyes, Elias 214 Langdon, Channcey 222 Lyon, Asa 239 Lyon, Matthew, (see Kentucky) 240* Mallary, RollinC 242 Marsh, Charles 244 Marsh, George P 244 Mattocks, John 249 Meacham, James 259 Meecb, Ezra 259 Miner, Ahiman L 265 Morrill, Justin S 270 Morris, Lewis R 272 Niles, Nathaniel 280 Noyes, John 282 Olin, Gideon 284 Olin, Henry 284 Paine, Elijah 287 Palmer, William A 288 Peck, Lucius B 293 Phelps, SamuelS 297 Poland, Luke P 302 Prentiss, Samuel 306 Rich, Charles 317 Robinson, Jonathan 321 Robinson, Moses 321 Royce, Homer E 325 Sabin, Alvah.-T 328 Seymour, Horatio 336 Shaw, Samuel 338 Skinner, Richard 343 Slade, William 343 Smith, Israel 346 Smith, John 347 Strong, William , 364 Swift, Benjamin 367 Tiehenor, Isaac 378 Tracy, Andrew 380 Upham, William 386 Wales, George E 394 Walton, E. P 396 White, Phineas .' . 408 Witherell, James 418 Woodbridge, Frederick E 420 Young, Augustus 425 Virginia. Adams, Thomas 3 Alexander, Mark 4 Allen, John J 5 Allen, Robert 6 Archer, William S 11 Armstrong, William 12 Atkinson, Archibald 14 Austin, Archibald 15 Averett, Thomas H 15 Baker, John 17 Ball, William Lee 18 BaniBter, John 18 Banks, Linn...-. 19 Barbour, James 19 Barbour, John S 19 Barbour, Philip P 19 Barton, Richard W 22 Bassett, Burwell 22 Bayly, ThomasHenry 24 Bayly, Thomas M 24 Beale, James M. H 24 Beale, R. L. T 24 Bedinger, Henry 25 Birne, Andrew 32 Blair, Jacob B. , (see West Virginia) 33 Bland, Theodoric 34 Bland, Richard 34 Bocock, Thomas S 36 Botts, John M 37 Bouldin, James W 38 Bouldin, Thomas T 38 Bowden, Lemuel J 38 Braxton, Carter 42 Breckinridge, James 43 Brent, Richard 44 Brown, John 48 Brown. William G-, (see West Virginia) 49 Burwell, William B 56 Cabell, Samuel J 58 Caperton, Hugh 62 Carlile, Johns 63 Carrington, Edward 63 Cary, George B 65 Caskie, John S 65 Chapman, Augustus A 69 Chilton, Samuel 71 Chinn, Joseph AV 71 Claiborne, John : 72 Claiborne. Nathaniel H 73 Claiborne, Thomas 73 Clark, Christopher 73 Clay, Matthew 77 Clemens, Sherrard 78 Clopton. John 79 Coke, Richard 82 Coles, Isaac 82 Colston, Edward 83 Craig, Robert 89 Crump, John 93 Daveu port, Thomas 99 Dawson, John 102 De Jarnette, Daniel C 105 Doddridge, Philip Ill Draper, Joseph 113 Drumgoole, George C 114 Edmuudson, Henry A 119 Eggleston, Joseph 121 Eppes, John W 124 Estill, Benjamin 124 Evans, Thomas 125 Faulkner, Charles J 128 Fitzhugh, William 133 Fleming, William 133 Flournoy, Thomas S 133 Floyd, John 134 Fullton, AndrewS 141 Fulton, JohnH 141 Garland, David S 143 Garland, James 143 Garnett, James M 143 Garnett, Muscoe R. H 143 Garnett, Robert S 143 Gholson, J ames H 146 Gholson, Thomas 146 Giles, William Brauch 146 Gilmer, ThomasW 148 Goggia, William L 149 Goode, Samuel 149 Goode, William O 149 Goodwin, Petersbn 151 INDEX. 601 Gordon, William F 151 Gray, Edward 153 Gray, John C 153 Grayson, William 153 Griffin, CyniB 155 Griffin, Samuel , 155 Griffin, Thomas 155 Hancock, George 165 Hardy, Samuel A 166 Harris, John T ,.. 169 Harris, William A _ 170 Harrison, Benjamin 170 Harrison, Carter B , 170 Harvie, John , 171 Hawes, Aylett 1,73 Hay mond, Thomas S 174 Hays, Samuel 174 , Heath,. John ..' -.. 175 Henry, James 177 Henry, Patrick 178 Hill, John . 181 Holladay, Alexander R 185 Holleman, Joel 185 Hopkins, George W .' 187 Hubard, Edmund W - 191 Hungerford, John O 194 Hunter, Robert M. T 195 Jackson, Edward B 199 Jackson, John G - '- 200 Jefferson, Thomas . 201 Jenkins, Albert G. - 202 Johnson, James 204 Johnson, Joseph 204 Johnston, Charles C 206 Jones, James 207 Jones, John W. 207 Jones, Joseph 208 Jones, Walter 208 Kidwell, Zedekiah 214 Leake, Shelton F 227 Lee, Arthur 227 Lee, Francis Lightfoot 227 Lee, Henry _ 228 Lee, Richard Henry 228 Lee, Thomas Bland 228 Leffier, Isaac 229 Leftwich, Jabez 229 Leigh, Benjamin Watkins 230 Letcher, John 230 Lewis, Joseph, jr 231 Lewis, William J 231 Lewia, Thomas 231 Love, John 237 Loyall, George - 238 Lucas, Edward 238 ' Lucas, William 238 Macbir, James 241 Madison, James 241 Mallory, E/ancis 242 Marrow, Jt>hn 244 Marshall, John 245 Mason, Armistead Thomson 247 Mason, James M 247 Mason, John Y *4° Mason, Stevens Thomson 248 Maxwell, Lewis 250 McCarty, William M 251 McCoy, William 252 McComas, AVilliam 252 McDowell, James 253 McKinley, William 256 McMullen, Fayette 257 Meade, Richard K 259 Mercer, Charles Fenton- 260 Mercer, James -.- -¦ *<* Merrill, Orsamus C 261 Millgon, John S 2°* Monroe, James 266 Moore, Andrew 267 Moore, S. McD 268 39 Moore, Thomas S. .; 268 Morgan, Daniel 269 Morgan, William S 270 Morton, Jeremiah .... 273 Nelson, Hugh ...; 377 NelBon, Thomas [.'.'. 277 Nelson, Thomas M. 278 Novell, Joseph '. 278 Newman, Alexander 278 Newton", Thomas 279 Newton, Willoughby „ . 279 Nicholas, John " 279 Nicholas, Wilson C 279 Page, John 287 Page, Mann 287 Page, Robert 287 Parker, Josiah 289 Parker, Richard , 289 Parker, Richard E 290 Parker, Severn E 290 Patton, John M , . . . 292 Pegram, John 293 Pendleton, Edmund 293 Pendleton, John S 293 Pennybacker, Isaac S : 294 PindalL James 301 Pleasants, James 301 Powell, Alfred H 305 PowelL Cuthbert 305 Powell, Levin 306 Powell, Paulua 306 Preston, Francis 307 Preston, William B 307 Pryor, Roger A 308 Randolph, Edmund 311 Randolph, John, of Roanoke 311 Randolph, Peyton 312 Randolph, Thomas M 312 Rives, Francis E 320 RiveB, William C 320 Roane, John 320 Roane, John J 320 Roane, John T..-. 320 Roane, William H 320 Robertson, John ".. 321 Rutherford, Robert 'i 327 Samuel, Green B 329 Seddon, James A 333 Segar, Joseph E - 334 Sheffey, Daniel ,.; 338 Smith, Arthur 345 Smith, Ballard 345 Smith,John 347 Smith, Merewether.-.: 348 Smith, William 350 Smith, WilUam 350 Smyth, Alexander 350 Snodgrass, John Fryall 350 Steenrod. Lewis - 357 Stephenson, James 358 Stevenson, Andrew 359 Stratton, John 363 Strother, George F 364 Strother, James F 364 Stuart, Alexander H. H 365 Stuart, Archibald 365 Summers, George W 366 Swearingen, Thomas V 367 Swoope, Jacob 368 Taliaferro, Benjamin 368 Taylor, John ,....' 370 Taylor, Robert 371 Taylor, William 371 Taylor, William 372 Tazewell, Henry 372 Tazewell, Littleton W 372 Thompson, George W 375 Thompson, Philip R 376 Thompson, Robert A 376 Treadway, William M ' 381 602 INDEX. Trezvant, James , . 381 Trigg, Abram 381 Trigg, John , 382 Tucker, George "... 383 Tucker, Henry St. George 383 Tyler, John 1 385 Van Winkle, Peter G 390 Venable, Abraham B 390 Walker, John 394 Walker, Francis 394 Washington, George 400 White, Francis 407 Willey, Waitman T 411 Williams, Jared 412 "Wilson, Alexander 415 Wilson, Edgar C , 415 Wilson, ThomaB 417 Wise, Henry A 418 Wythe, George 424 Went Virginia. Blair, Jacob B. , (see Virginia) : 33 Brown, William G. , (see Virginia) 49 Hubbard, Chester D 191 Latham, George R 223 Van Winkle, P. G., (see Virginia) 390 Whaley, Kellian V 405 Willey, Waitman T. , (see Virginia), .... 411 "Wisconsin. Billingshurst, Charles , , 31 Brown, James S 48 Cobb, Amasa 80 Cole, Orasmus , 82 Darling, Mason C 98 Dodge, Henry Ill Doolittle, J. R 112 Doty, James D 112 Durkee, Charles 116 Eastman, Benjamin C 117 Eldredge, Charles A 121 Hanchett, Luther 164 Howe, Timothy O 191 Larrabee, Charles H 223 Lynde, William P 239 Macy, JohnB 241 Martin, Morgan L 247 Mclndoe, Walter D 254 Paine, Halbert E 288 Potter, John F 305 Sawyer, Philetus 330 Sloan, A. Scott 344 Sloan, Ithamar C 344 Tweedy, JohnH 384 Walker, Isaac P 394 Washburn, Cadwallader C 399 WellB, Daniel, jr , , . . 404 Wheeler, Ezra 405, Territory of Arizona. Goodwin, John N., (see Maine) 151 Poston, Charles D 304 Territory of Colorado. Bennett, Hiram P 27 Bradford, Allen A 41 Territory of Dakota. Burleigh, Walter A 54 Jayne, William 201 Todd, John B. S 378 Territory of Idaho. Holbrook, E.D 184 Wallace, William H., (see Washington Ter ritory) 395 Territory of Montana. MoLean, Samuel 257 Territory of Nebraska. Chapman, Bird B qq Daily, Samuel G 96 Easterbrook, Experience 117 Ferguson, Fenner 129 Hitchcock, Pbineas W 182 Territory of New Mexico* Chavez, J. Francisco 70 Gallegos, Jose Manuel 142 Otero, Miguel A 285 Perea, Francisco 294 Watts, JohnS 401 Weightman, Richard Hanson 403 Territory of Utah. Bernhisel, John M 28 Hooper, W. H 186 Kinney, John Fitch 217 Territory of Washington. Anderson, J. P 8 Cole, George E 82 Denney, Arthur A 106 Lancaster, Columbia 221 Stevens, Isaac I 358 Wallace, William H 395 INDEX TO APPENDIX. Successive sessions of Congress .' 429 Speakers House of Representatives 431 Presidents of the Senate 431 Presidents of the Senate pro tern 432 Secretaries of the Senate 433 Clerks House of Representatives 433 Chaplains to Congress 434 Successive Administrations " 435 Presidential Electors 439 Supreme Court of the United States 488 Clerks of the Supreme Court 490 Reporters of Supreme Court 490 Marshals attendant on Supreme Court 490 Ministers to Foreign Countries 492 Declaration of Independence 513 Signers Declaration of Independence 518 Delegates to the Continental Congress 519 Presidents Continental Cou£.ress 523 Sessions Continental Congress 523 Articles of Confederation 524 The Constitution of the United States 529 Organization of Executive Departments 540 States and Territories of the Union 548 Origin of the names of States 553 Progress of Population of the United States. 555 Ratio of Representation 556 State and Territorial Governors 558 Right of Suffrage in each State 567 Qualifications of Governors, Senators, and Representatives 570 Concluding note 574 I ''¦£'.'.