^mMUfUfin^fUBtss

Bought with the income
of the
Matthew C. D. Borden Fund

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op

St. (ieor(^e's parisl;.

HISTOEY

ST. GEORGE'S PARISH,
IN THE
COUNTY OF SPOTSYLVANIA, AND
DIOCESE OF VIEGINIA,

EEV. PHILIP SLAUGIITEE, D. D.,
Latk Histokiogbaphee of the Diocese.
edited by
E. A. BEOCK,
WITH A
BIOGRAPHY OP THE AUTHOR.
AND A
Continuation, Embkacing the Histoby op
ST. GEOEGE'S AND TRINITY CHURCHES
To THE Pebseht Time.

RICHMOND, VA. :
J. W. EANDOLPH & ENGLISH,
1890.

Copyriglited by
J. W. Randolph & Emgush.
1890.

Ciir

V

15^

PREFACE.

IN the infancy of a country, but little care is taken in
preserving the materials of its history. The minds
of the first settlers are generally absorbed iu arrange
ments for the protection of life, the acquisitiim of pro-
peiiy, aud in provisions for their jiersonal comfort. But
when in the progress of time the rights of persons and
of I'l-operty are established upon a secure basis, men
have more leisure for thought and investigation. The
history of the cotintiy now becomes an interesting sub
ject of study. We love to trace existing institutions to
thtir rude beginnings, and to mark the successive steps
of their development, until they assumed their present
forms. Everything which can throw light upon the po
litical, religious, and social state, is diligently sought.
Eare old books are collected and highly prized, musty
records are examined, and the smallest fragments of co-
temporaiy history become precious in our eyes.
This spirit of inquin* gives rise to historical societies,
in which persons of kindred tastes and pursuits meet to
gether, and each contributing his mite to the common
stock of knowledge, receives it return the benefit of the
labors of all. Virginia, although the eldest in the sister
hood of states, has been behind some of the younger
members of the family in efforts for the illustration of
her historj'. We are happy to know, ho^wever, that
there has been of late an awakening of interest in this
subject, as indicated in the revival of the Historical So-

IV PliKFACK.

ciety — in the increased demand for the old ¦works of
Hackldyt, Poechas, Smith, Stitu, Beveuley, and others,
and in the appearance of the two new histories of Howi-
60N aud Campbell. There is a fair prospect now that
this spirit of inquiry will go on, until all the sources of
our history are explored, when some master-workman
will take the materials, and build an iuimortal fabric,
worthy of the theme.
The author of this unpretending series of tracts, de
sires to maka an humble contribution to the department
of Church history. He does not intend to write a history
of the Christian religion in Virginia. This would open
a wide field of discussion, for which he has neither
strength nor taste. His plan only embraces the Protes
tant Episcopal Church in Virginia. He does not even
profess to give a general history of it. This has been
already very ably done by Dr. Hawks. He only proposes
to write a separate historj' of the old parishes, founded
upon the parish records, with an occasional illusti-ation
from other sources. This enables him to go into details
which would be inconsistent ¦with the jilan, and beneath
the dignity of a general history. He is aware that these
details are tiresome and uninteresting to the general
reader, but he does not esjiect these tracts to have more
than a local interest and a limited circulatitm. In his
judgment itis these very details which gives them value,
and to omit them, would be to defeat the very end for
which he ¦writes. There are many persons in almost
every parish ¦n'ho take the livtliest interest in the most
trifling incidents when associated in their minds with a
cause that is dear to them They wish to know every
thing about the history of those old churches in which
tlieir fathers and mothers wereba|itised and buried, Mud
¦we have seen the faces of more than one beam with joy,

PREFACE. y
when told for the firat time, that those from ¦whom they
are descended were ministers, or communicants, or
vestrymen of the Church.
There may be those who have but little respect for
such feelings, and who would not condescend to minister
to their gratification. The author differs in opinion
¦with these persons, and rather sympathises -with the
venerable Bishop Moore, who says in the report of one
of his early Episcopal visitations, "I have seen whole
congregations at the bare mention of the glory wliich
once irradiated the Church in Virginia, burst into tears,
and perfectly electrify my mind.''
1847.

SUCCESSION or
Bettors ol St. CfSftorge's ^arlshr
FREDERICKSBURG.

1. Eev. Theodosius Staige, Eector from 1726, to No
vember, 1728. During a vacancy of four months, the
Eev. Mr. De Butts preached seven sermons.
2. Eev. Eodham Kenner, from March, 1729, to October.
1730. During a vacancy of two years and three
months, Mr. Kenner preached once a fortnight, and
the Eev. Francis Pearl preached eleven sermons.
3. Eev. Patrick Henry, from January, 1733, to AprU,
1734. During the vacancy, the Eev. Mr. Smith
preached two sermons. Eev. Mr. Smith was pro
posed to the vestry by the governor, but refused,
October, 1734.
4. Eev. James Marye, from October, 1735, to 1767.
5. Eev. James Marye, Jr., from January, 1768, to 1780.
6. Eev. Thomas Thornton, from January, 1788, to July,
1791.
7. Eev. John WoodviUe, from January, 1792, to Decem
ber, 1793.
8. Eev. James Stephenson, from April, 1794, to July»
1805.
9. Eev. Abner Waugh, from Januarj% 1806, to July,
1806.
10. Eev. Samuel Low, Sr., from July, 1808, to April,

SUCCESSION OF EECTOEB. Vll
1810. A vacancy of 18 months. One year of this
time, Mr. Low, living in King George county,
preached once in every three weeks.
11. Eev. George Strebeck, from November, 1811, to Feb
ruary, 1813. Vacancy of 8 months.
12. Eev. Edward C. McGuire, D. D., from October, 1813,
to October, 1858.
13. Eev. Alfred M. Eandolph, D. D., from October,
1858, to November, 1862.
14. Eev. Magruder Maury, from 1864, to June, 1871.
15. Edmund C. Murdaugh, D. D., from October, 1877,
to April 3, 1879.
16. Rev. Robert J. McBride, from July 2, 1879, to March
26th, 1883.
17. Rev. John K. Mason, from May 15th, 1883, to De
cember 1st, 1890, when he became Assistant Rector
St. James Church, Eichmond.

A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
or
REV. PHILIP SLAUGHTER, D. D.

"Not harsh and rugged are the ways
Of hoar antiquity, but strewn with flowers." — Waeton.
" Of ancient writ unlocha the learned store.
Consults the dead, and lives past ages o'er." — Pope.

Few men have been more inspiring ia stimulating
their fellows in this State, with regard for its past his
tory, and in quickening into active fruition their inhe
rent veneration and pious sensibilities, than the subject
of this sketch.
Eichly endowed, as he was, -with the persuasive charms
of the orator, and so possessed ¦with that insatiate zeal to
know, to guide, and to instruct, which neither the infirmi
ties of age could quench, nor physical anguish scarce
restrict, he -wrought, to the very end, with such potency
and excellence, that in pulpit or page, there was per
ceptible in his latest utterances, no diminution in quality.
Beloved sage! — he was taken to the bosom of the
Father in full mental panoply, and ¦with plans of pecu
liar usefulness and beneficence stiU in progress.
The Slaughter family can be traced back to 1485,
when the name was spelled Schlostre. There are three
different branches of it located severally in Hertford
shire, Gloucestershire, and Worcestershire, England,

EEV. PHILIP SLAUGHTEE, D. D. IX
bearing the similar arms.* The name has been vari
ously spelled and pronounced : Rev. Edmund F. Slafter,
A. M., D. D., Boston, Mass., conjectures that the ortho
graphy of his o^wn name has undergone a transforma
tion to conform to a prevailing local pronunciation.
John Slaughter was a grantee of land in eastern Vir
ginia, as early as 1635. There are subsequent grants
or record to Eichard, John, Martin, George, and Eobert
Slaughter severally. The earliest of his family, as noted
by Dr. Slaughter, appear in the foUo^wing mention:
"We Umit our notice to the two brothers, who were first
transplanted in this parish in the eighteenth century;
Eobert and Francis Slaughter were the first Church
wardens of St. Mark's parish, Culpeper County, chosen
by the first vestry in 1731. "f Robert Slaughter married
about the close of the 17th, or beginning of the 18th
century, a daughter of Cadwalader Jones, of Essex county,
who appears as a Justice of the Peace of Rappahannock
County in 1680.|
Robert Slaughter had issue seven sons: 1st, Robert;
2nd, WiLLiam ; 3rd, Thomas ; 4th, Francis ; 5th, James ;
6th, Lawrence; 7th, George, who, with their descend
ants intermarried with the famihes of Briscoe, Crane,
Stanton, Pickett, Martin, BoUing, Stringfellow, Hamil
ton, Thornton, Brock, Marye, and others Hke worthy.
The fifth son of Robert Slaughter, James Slaughter,
¦"commanded a regiment at the battle of Great Bridge,"
* This data was communicated to me by Dr. Slaughter, who held
that his ansestors were of the Hertfordshire branch, with the fol
lowing arms : Ar. a saltire az : Crest, out of a ducal coronet, or. an
-eagle's head, a/r. wings expanded, sa.
t A history of St. Mark's Parish, etc., p. 157.
X A gallant representative of the family and name in the Revo- .
-lutionary war, was Captain Cadwalader Jones.

X A BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCH OF
the first engagement of the revolution in Virginia. He
married Susan, daughter of Major Phihp Clayton, who
migrated to Culpeper county from New Kent, by the
way of that of Essex.
The eldest of the issue of Col. James and Susan (Clay
ton) Slaughter, was PhUip, born December 4th. 1758;
died, 1849; entered Capt. John Jameson's company of
Minute men from Culpeper county in 1775, and marched
with it to WiUiamsburg to reclaim the powder seized
by Dunmore. Having been discharged, Philip Slaughter
re-entered school, but in the spring of 1776, he again
entered the service in Col. John Jameson's troop of cav
alry, enlisting for three years. Before it marched, how
ever, he was appointed by the Committee of Safety of
Culpeper a lieutenant in Capt. Gabriel Long's company
of riflemen, which joined the army under General Wash
ington in New York. In 1777 this company was at
tached to the 11th Virginia Regiment on Continental
Estabhshment, commanded by the celebrated Daniel
Morgan. Lieutenant Slaughter was promoted to cap
tain in 1778, and served gallantly tkroughout the war,
being in the momentous battles of Brandywine, German-
town, and others. He was one of those who endured
such bitter hardships at VaUey Forge. His mess-mates
were the two Porterfields, John and Robert, Lieutenant
Johnson, and Lieutenant John MarshaU (subsequently
the Chief Justice). He married first a daughter of
French Strother, (by whom he had issue), and secondly,
January 19th, 1803, Elizabeth Brock, ¦widow of WUliam
Brock, (son of Colonel Joseph Brock), daughter of Col.
Thomas Towles, of Spotsylvania county, and neice of
Colonel Larkin Smith. Captain Philip Slaughter had
issue by his second marriage, two sons and two daugh
ters: Thomas T., M. D., married twice, first, Jane,

EEV. PHILIP SLAUGHTEE, D. D. XI
daughter of Chapman Reynolds, secondly, Miss Brad
ford, with issue by both marriages; Mary S., married
Eobert A. Thompson, (grandson of Eev. John Thomp
son), and had issue, among whom was the -vTife of Gen
eral E. O. C. Ord, U. S. Army; Philip, and Anne Mer
cer, married first Edward Eobertson, secondly, PhiUp,
son of Col. John S. Slaughter, and had issue by both
marriages.* It wiU thus be seen, that the springs of
life of Philip Slaughter, were worthily enkindhng. He
was born at the seat of his father, "Springfield," in Cul
peper county, October 26th, 1808. His earlier educa
tion was by tutors at home, among whom were John
Eobertson, father of Hon. Wm. J. Eobertson, formerly
of the Court of Appeals of Virginia, and Eev. Samuel
Davies Hoge, the father of the eminent divine, Eev.
Moses D. Hoge, D. D., Richmond, Va. At the age of
fourteen, Philip Slaughter entered the Classical Academy
of which John Bruce was head master, at Winchester,
Va. In March, 1825, he matriculated at the University
of Virginia. He was admitted to the Bar in 1828, but
relinquished the practice of law in less than five years,
to devote himself to the ministry. He entered the Theo
logical Seminary of Virginia, in October, 1833, and was
ordained Deacon by Bishop WUliam Meade, May 25th,
1834, in Trinity Church, Staunton, Va. His flrst charge
was in Middleburg, Prince WUham County. In July
1835, he was ordained Priest by Bishop Richard Chan-
ning Moore, in St. Paul's Church, Alexandria, Va. In
January, 1836, he took charge of Christ Church, George-
to^wn, D. C. ; removed, in 1840, to Meade and Johns' par
ishes, Va., and in 1843 took charge of St. Paul's Church,
* Those who may be interested in the families cited, or who are
of the ramified lineage, may consult further the genealogies in
the History of St. Mark's Parish.

Xll A BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCH OF
Petersburg, Va., succeeding Rev. Nicholas Hamner
Cobbs, D. D., subsequently. Bishop of the Diocese of
Alabama, and who was preceded in the rectorship by
Eight Rev. Wm. Meade. He fiUed with great accepta
bility and usefiUness this ministry, and cemented vrith
his flock enduring ties of affection. Failing health,
however, constrained him to resign his beloved charge,
and seek recuperation in travel. He accordingly spent
the years 1848 and 1849 in Em-ope.
Returning to Virginia, and stiU too feeble, physically,
for constant service in the ministry, he estabhshed in
1850, in Richmond, the Virginia Colonizationist, which
he edited vsdth signal zeal and abUity untU 1855. One of
the results of this earnest labor, was the enhsting of the
State Legislature in the cause of African Colonization,
and securing large appropriations in its behalf. As his
health permitted, he freely expended his rich gifts in the
"service of his Sa-viour, and employed them in the salvation
of his f eUow-men and the upbuUding of God's Church in
his native State of Virginia. The work of his active
ministry was short, but wonderfuUy brUliant and effec
tive. He had all the personal magnetism, the fire, and
the spiritual power of Whitefield. Great crowds at
tended on his ministiy, and conversions were numbered
by the hundred. He preached for days at a time in the
principal cities of the State — in Norfolk, in Petersbm-g,
in Fredericksburg, in WUliamsburg, where the Rev. Dr,
Minnigerode, the honored rector emeritus, of St. Paul's
Church, Richmond, then a young professor in the col
lege of WUUam and Mary, was impressed and brought
to Christ, and in various other cities he preached ¦with
great success, and reaped a great harvest of souls for
the Lord of the harvest. The churches in many of these
cities stUl feel the effects of the stirring sermons which

EEV. PHILIP SLAUGHTEE, D. D. XIU
came from the burning lips of this son of Thunder. His
spiritual sons and daughters in the Lord are legion, and
¦will rise up everywhere to caU him blessed."*
In 1856, he returned to his home in Culpeper county,
near Cedar Mountain, and built a church on his o^wn
lands, in which he preached gratuitously to his neigh
bors and their slaves, untU the church was destroyed
by the Federal soldiers during the late war. Having
been despoUed of personal property, his library destroyed
and his home desolated, he took refuge in Petersburg,
Virginia, and estabhshed there. The Army and Navy
Messenger, a rehgious paper for distribution among the
soldiers of the Southern Confederacy. He ministered
to them also, as his strength permitted, ¦visiting and
preaching to them in camp and hospital. The war be
ing ended, he returned to his home, which had been
made habitable by the generosity of his warm, personal
friend, the late and revered philanthropist, WiUiam
Wilson Corcoran. The churches in the vicinity of his
home having aU been either destroyed or so damaged
as to debar their being used as places of worship, he
fitted up a recess chancel in the parlor of his residence,
¦with rehcs preserved from the investments of two of
his former churches, and for a time officiated there.
Later, he took charge of Slaughter parish, Culpeper
county, and suppHed its two churches as his health
would admit. In May, 1879, he was elected by the Con
vention, Historiographer of the Episcopal Diocese of Vir
ginia, which position he held at the time of his death,
June 12th, 1890.
His final illness was of brief duration, and as has been
'Tribute by Rev. ^Wm. T. Roberts, rector of Emmanuel Church,
-Harrisonburg, Va., Southern Ghurcliman, July 10, 1890.

XIV A BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCH OF
remarked, the summons came to him in the fullness of
his mental activity.
In one of his last letters to Rev. Joseph Packard,
D. D., he wrote: "your letter found me up to my eyes in
work — answering questions from aU over the United
States, from Canada, England and France." His daugh
ter also adds to the present writer: " In his case, Ufe was
so fuU and -vigorous to the day that he was taken Ul, that
it seems more hke the cutting off a man in his prime,.
than the fading out of one weary with the toUs of
life."* As in other noble instances in which the predominant
animus has been the good of others, subordinating thought
of self, the hfe of Dr. Slaughter was touching in its ex
emplifications of simplicity, self-denial and generosity.
In his home he was most tender and considerate as hus
band and father. The desolation of war, -with him, in
volved not only res angusta clomi, but for a time inade
quate domestic service, during which, many duties to
which he was wholly unaccustomed were cheerfuUy un
dertaken by him.
Rev. Dr. Jos. Packard, of the Theological Seminary of
Virginia, thus aptly presents the personal characteristics
of Dr. Slaughter: "No one who knew him can forget the
warmth of his friendship, the charm of his conversa
tion, his hterary taste, shown in his famUiarity -with the
best English hterature and poetry, laid up in a remark
ably extensive memory, and, above aU, to use his own lan
guage in writing of Rev. Dr. May, ' in the constant shin
ing of the hght and the savor of the salt that was in
him, in the brotherly kindness which beamed from his
* Mrs. Sophy M. Slaughter, in a letter dated July 23rd, 1890,
The -writer is indebted to Mrs. Slaughter for Idndly aid in the
preparation of this sketch.

EEV. PHILIP SLAUGHTEE, D. D. XV
eye, flowed from his hps, and emanated from his own
demeanor.'" His zeal and enthusiasm in historical re
search was unbounded, and his delight at the discovery
and addition to the treasury of history of any material
and directive fact, magnetic. The -writer enjoyed the
privUege of his friendship and his regard for many
years, during which correspondence with him was fre
quent. His warming words of sympathy and of en
couragement have been truly a benison of comfort and
of sustenance to the present -writer, which has to him
been above price in trusts and tasks, oftentimes be-wilder-
ing in the self-dependence which they constrained.
Doubtless, honorary membership in many historical so
cieties were conferred on Dr. Slaughter. The writer
has cognizance of three in which he held cherished
fraternity: the Virginia Historical Society, the Wis
consin Historical Society, and the New England His
torical Geneaological Society, Boston, Massachusetts.
The degree of D. D. was conferred on him by WUham
and Maty CoUege, July 4th, 1874.
The following resolutions, by bodies to which Dr.
Slaughter was pecuharly endeared, find fitting record.
Other hke actions have not reached the writer :
At a meeting of the vestry of Slaughter Parish, Culpeper
County, June 13th, upon the announcement of the death of the
Rev. Dr. Slaughter, rector emeritus of the parish, the foUowing
minute was adopted and ordered to be spread upon the parish re
cords :
The life service of the Rev. Dr. Slaughter is so inseparably
identified with the last half century's history of the diocese of Vir
ginia, that he is an " epistle written and known of all men, " and to
this vestry, therefore, there only remains the privilege of paying
their grateful tribute to his faithful work in their behalf at a time
when his vigilance and pastoral care was of vital value.
The existence of this parish, -with Emmanuel Church within its
limits and Calvary just outside, is largely due to his invaluable

XVI A BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCH OF
jninistrations and his great influence with a people to whom ha
was bound by hereditary ties, as well as by those of deep venera
tion and love.
After his retirement from active parish work, as rector emeritus,
he ever maintained his tender interest in it, and was ever ready
¦with wise counsel and advice.
Among the multitude who rise up and call him blessed, none
can do so more heartily than the people of the parish which bears
Ms honored name. ' ' Si qumris monumentum adspice. "
F. L. ¦WILLIS,

At a called meeting of the vestry of St. Stephen's Church, held
in the vestry-room, on Thursday, 12th of June, 1890, the death of
the Rev. Philip Slaughter, D. D. , having occurred at 8 A. M. this
day, ou motion the following resolutions, as expressive of the feelings
of the vestry, and as a tribute to the great worth and Chi-istian
character of Dr. Slaughtei', were offered and unanimously adopted
and directed to be spread on the minutes of the vestry.
Whereas, in the death of the Rev. Philip Slaughter, D. D., His
toriographer of the church in the diocese of Virginia, the church
has been called to mourn the loss of an eminent son, a, faithful
presbyter, a learned historian, one whose varied talents were
adorned by a long life of devotion to the Church of Christ, and
by his humble Christian life, led in imitation of the Master, full
of years and full of honors, having been called from his earthly
to his heavenly home, -we, the rector and vestry of St. Stephen's
Church, St. Mark's parish, desire to place on record our apprecia
tion of his services afld our expression of the great loss the church
in Virginia has sustained ; therefore, be it
Besolmd, 1. That in the death of the Rev. Philip Slaughter,
D. D. , the church has sustained an irreparable loss — learned, pious,
and dewted to the cause of Christ — his removal from our midst
will be felt throughout the church.
2. As presbyter and Historiographer of the church of ¦Virginia
he leaves an honored name, calUng forth the affection and esteem
of his contempories, his literary works an invaluable legacy to the
church. 3. Pull of years and full of honors he has served his day and
generation faithfully and well. Ripe for the harvest, he has been
garnered by the Master and has entered upon his eternal reward,
leaving an illustrious example for future generations.

EEV. PHILIP SLAUGHTEE, D. D. XVII
4. That the rector and vestry of St. Stephen's Church, in a
body, attend the funeral of Dr. Slaughter, to be held to-morrow
evening, at 5 o'clock, at Calvary Church, in Culpeper.
5. That a copy of these resolutions be sent to the family of Dr.
Slaughter, as an expression of our sympathy, as a iody, -with them.
in their bereavement, and also to the Southern Churchman news
paper for publication.
Dr. Slaughter married June 20th, 1834, Anna Sophia,
daughter of Dr. Thomas Semmes, Alexandria, Virginia,
who survives him, with one daughter, of an issue of two,
Mrs. Sophia M. Slaughter, who married a cousin, Mr.
Thomas T. Slaughter.
A hst is appended, of the publications of Dr. Slaugh
ter, the basis of which is a memorandum prepared by
him, from memory, not long before his death. It is
manifestly not definitely comprehensive. From it may
be apprehended that the happy offices of the zealous and
hfe-long devotion of Dr. Slaughter, have been signaUy
important. It ¦wUl hardly be doubted that the pubhca-
tion of his histories of Bristol and of St. George's
Parishes in 1846 and 1847, the pioneers in such f amUiar
Ulustration, was the stimulant, not only to the preserva
tion of kindred original material, but to the embalming
in the magazines of the church of such essential narrative.
From among such useful contributors. Rev. John CoUina
McCabe, D. D., and Rev. Lewis P. Clover, D. D. are re-
caUed. In the preparation of that invaluable repertory,
" The Old Churches and Families of Virginia," Dr.
Slaughter was directly instrumental. He more than
once informed the present writer that the preparation
of such a work was a cherished design vrith him, but
that his feeble health demanding a trans- Atlantic voyage,
determuied the relinquishment of the pious task to
Bishop Meade, to whom also was surrendered what ma
terial had been coUected by him for the purpose.

xvm A BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCH OF

PUBLICATIONS OF DR. SLAUGHTER.
¦While at the Bab, A Foueth or July Obation. Delivered at
Stevensburg, Va,
Addeess foe the Chuech at Oulpepee, Va.
Addeess foe the Oephan Asylum at Feedebicksbueg, Va.
"The three preceding out of print, and dates not precisely re
collected. "
A Histoby op Beistol Paeish, with a tribute to the memory of
the oldest Rectors, and an Appendix, containing the Epitaphs
of some of its early Officers and Friends. By Rev. Philip
Slaughter, the present incumbent. 8vo. Richmond, Va.
B. B. Minor, Publisher. 1846.
Second Edition of Same, -with Genealogies of Families con
nected therewith, and Historical Illustrations. 18mo. Ran
dolph & English, Richmond, Va. 18mo. 1879.
FuNEEAL Discoubse ON Rev. Andbew Syme, D. D., who died,
October 26th, 1845.
Faeewell Seemon befobe the Congeegation of St. Paul's
Chuech, Petebseubg, Va. 1846.
HiSTOKY OF St. Geobge's Paeish, in the County of Spotsylvania,
AND Diocese Vieginia. New York. 8vo. 1847.
Addeess befobe the Viegikia Histoeical Society. Reminis
cences OP Notable Peesons and Places in Eubope. Janu
ary 10th, 1850. Virginia Historical Register. Vol. III. p.
29., et seq.
The Vieginian Histoey op Afeican Colonization. First published
in the Southern Literary Messenger, and reprinted from its
forms. B. B. Minor, Richmond. Va. Royal, 8vo. 1855.
Man and Woman ; or the Law of Honor applied to the solution of
the problem, "^Why are so many more ¦Women than Men
Christians ?" By the Bev. Philip Slaughter, Rector of Calvary
Church, Culpeper County, Virginia. ^With an Introduction
lyy A. T. Bledsoe, LL. D., of the University of Virginia
[Motto.] " Marcellus dedicated a temple to Vu-tue, and near it
placed another dedicated to Honor ; the temple of Virtue was
the passage to the temple of Honor. " Liv. i. 2. [4tK edition.]
Philadelphia. J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1860.
CoEECioN AND CONCILIATION. A scrmou preached at Manassas.
1861.
" DivEES Teacts fob the Soldiebs of the Coneedeeate States
Aemy. " 1861.
Life of Randolph Faiefax. 18mo. 3rd edition. Baltimore
Md. 1862.
Addeess Deliveeed at the Semi-Centennial of the Episcopal
Seminaey of the Diocese op Vieginia, held on the 24th and

EEV. PHILIP SLAUGHTEE, D. D. XIX
25th of September, 1873 — the deceased Professors of the
Seminary. 8vo. Baltimore. 1873.
A Histoby op St. Mark's Paeish, Culpepee County, Vieginia.
¦With Notes on Old Churches and Old Families, and Illustra
tions of the manners and customs of the Olden Time. By
Bm. Philip Slaughter, Rector of Emmanuel Church, Cul
peper County, Virginia. 18mo. [Baltimore.] 1877.
Memoie of Col. Joshua Fey. Sometime professor in ¦WUliam
and Mary College, Va. , and Washington's Senior in command
of Virginia Forces, 1754, etc., etc. With an Autobiography
of his son. Rev. Henry Fry, and a census of their Descend
ants. 8vo. [Baltimore.] 1880.
HisTOEic Chtjeches op Vieginia. A Monograph, contributed to
the Centennial History of the Episcopal Churches of the
United States. By Right Rev. Wm. Stevens Perry, D. D.
1882.
A Hunt foe A Happy Man ; and the Mighty Powee op Mothees.
Translated, or rather paraphrased, from the French [of Rous
seau'], with variations and additions. 8vo. Richmond, Va.
1883.
A Bbief Sketch of the Life of William Geeen, LL. D,, Jurist
and Scholar, with some Personal Reminiscences of him,
also a Historical Tract, by Judge Greene, and some curi
ous Letters upon the Origin of the Proverb, " Vox Popidi
Vox Lei." 8vo. Richmond. 1883.
Views feom Cedae Mountain in the 50th Yeae op my Ministey.
8vo. 1884.
Addeess — ' ' The Colonial Chuech in Virginia. " Addeesses and
Papeeb bepoee the Centennial Council op the Peotestant
EspisooPAL Chuech of the Diocese of Vieginia, at its meet
ings in St. Paul's and St. John's Churches, Richmond, May
20-24, 1885. 8vo. New York. Thomas Whittaker. 1885.
BioGBAPHY OP Right Rev. Wm. Meade, D. D. In "Memorial
Biogi-aphies of Deceased Members of the New England His
torical and Genealogical Society. " Boston. Vol. IV. 1885.
Cheistianity the Key to the Chaeactee op Washington. A Dis
course delivered before the Ladies of the Mt. Vernon Associa
tion, at Pohick Church, Fairfax County, Va. 8vo. New
York. 1886.
Addeess befobe the Minute Men op Culpepee County Va.
8vo. 1886.
Memoie op Rev. Geobge A. Smith, D. D. 8vo. 1889.
"Di-VEBs Otheb Sebmons and Pamphlets." Outline of the
History of St. Patrick's Parish, Prince Edward County, Vir
ginia. Sermon on All Saints Day. Sermons on Temperance
and other Subjects, Magazine, and Newspaper Articles, Re
ports as Historiographer ; [the last in the Southern Church^
man, October 2nd, 2890], etc., etc.

J?a.AI^itk, o:fI^ii<S.Tal7^ier, A^.I

Aicncrra ^ i 4Tr.

A HISTORY

ST. GEORGE'S PARISH.

IN the year 1608, Capt. John Smith, who is so
identified with the fortunes of the infant colony
of Virginia, conceived and executed an explor
ing expedition worthy of the romantic age of the
cavaliers. In an open boat ¦with only fourteen com
panions, he explored the majestic Chesapeake, and
the noble rivers which empty themselves into the
bosom of that "Mother of Waters."* During this
perilous voyage he visited the falls of the Rappa
hannock, and instead of the generous welcome
which the stranger now receives from the hospita
ble dwellers upon this beautiful river, he was greeted
¦with the war-whoop, by the fierce Manahoacks, who
then roamed in proud independence upon its ¦wooded
banks. t
From that period the red man was doomed to
retire before the. streams of white population, which
¦* The Indian word, Chesapeake, means Mother of Waters.
t Smith's Account of the Voyage.

2 A HISTOET OF
soon began to pour along the vaUies of the great
rivers, until in less than a century they extended
their frontier to those primitive rocks, over which
the fresh water falls to meet the tides of the sea.
For the protection of this frontier, forts were es
tablished at the falls of the principal rivers.
Accordingly, an act was passed by the " Grand
Assembly" in 1676, establishing a fort at or near
the falls of the Eappahannock, to be " garrisoned
by one hundred and eleven men, out of Gloucester
county, of whom Major Lawrence Smith was to be
chief commander."'*
A few years afterwards, certain pri'vileges ¦«-ere
conferred upon Major Smith, upon condition that
he would have "in readiness, upon all occasions, at
beat of drum, fifty able-bodied men well-armed, at
or near the fort, and two hundred more men -within
the space of a mile along, and a quarter of a mUe
back from the river, prepared always to march
twenty miles from the fort in any direction."!
The Indians, who had been driven into the moun
tains and beyond the Potomac, had of late insinu
ated themselves into the white settlements, and
committed depredations which awakened so pro
found a feeling of resentment in the minds of the
people as to have led to the famous rebellion of
Bacon. it
* 2d Hening's Statutes at Large.
1 2d Hening.
{ On a Sabbath moming, in the county of Stafford, some per
sons on their way to church saw a white man lying athwart his-

The Indian and civil wars of this period gave a
temporary check to the population of the Colony,
but so soon as they were over, the tide again flowed
towards the west, overleaping that "primitive ledge,"
which says to the tide of the sea, "hitherto thou
shalt go, but no further ; and here shall thy proud
waves be stayed."
That gallant old cavalier. Governor Spotswood,
at the head of the young chivalry of Virginia, had
now consummated the devoutest wish of his heart,
in transcending the blue ridge of mountains which
had so long enchanted his -vision, and opening a
way to those fertile vallies of the west, along which
succeeding generations have been swarming in
crowds as resistless and unreturning as the travel
lers to eternity.'* Hitherto the counties of Essex,
1720. King William, and King and Queen
Alex. Spotswood, -^^^ exercised jurisdiction over the
7th Geo. I tract of country about the falls, and
along the head waters of the Eap
pahannock. But now the convenience and safety
threshold, chopped on his head and arms with Indian hatchets.
When asked who did that, he exclaimed, " Loegs," " Doegs," and
died. From this Englishman's blood did rise Bacon's Rebellion,
with the foUowing misoiiefs which overspread all Virginia; — See
Histoby op Bacon's Rebellion, by T. M., a Burgess from
Stafford county.
* The county of Spotsylvania was named after Governor Spots-
wood, who resided in it for some time. See in the Appendix
some account of his family, and of this expedition across the
mountains.

4: A HISTOEY OF
of the people demanded the erection of a new county,
and accordingly the foUo^wing act was passed by the
House of Burgesses in the year 1720.
"The frontiers towards the high mountains being
exposed to danger from the Indians, and the late
settlements of the French to the west^n'ard of the
high mountains, therefore be it enacted, that Spot
sylvania county bounds upon Snow creek up to the
mill, thence to the North Anna river, thence up the
said river as far as convenient, and thence by a line
to be run over the high mountains to the river on
the northwest side thereof, so as to include the
northern passage through said mountains, — thence
down the said river until it comes against the head
of the Eappahannock, and down this river to Snow
creek ; which tract of land from the first of May,
1721, shall become a county by the name of Spot
sylvania." By the same act, the whole county was
made one parish, which was called St. George.
The inhabitants were freed from public le'vies for
ten years, and an appropriation of £500 was made
for a church, a court-house, a prison, a pillory and
stocks, which, in the legislation of the times, were
always associated as the necessary requisites of a
good government.'*
The Governor fixed the seat of justice at Ger-
manna, where the first court sat on the 1st day of
August, 1722, when Augustine Smith, John Talia
ferro, John Waller, Wm. Hansford, Eichard John
son, and Wm. Bledsoe, were sworn as justices of
¦* 4th Hening pp. 77, 78.

ST. GEOEGe's PAEISH. 5
the peace, John Waller as clerk, and WUliam Bled
soe, as Sheriff.* In the records of the county
court of Spotsylvania there are some amusing en
tries -«hich serve to illustrate the complex system
of government then in operation. The curious
reader vnR be interested in a case of lay-baptism,
which we copy from the record. Thomas Moseley
and John Shelton were committed by Larkin Chew,
upon information of Thomas Chew, church-warden,
for taking upon themselves to baptize the child of
one Ann Alsop. They were required to give bond
and security for their good beha-vior, and in default
of appearing to answer at the next court, were or
dered to be committed to jad, and receive thirty-
one lashes on their bare backs, sixteen in the even
ing, and fiiteen the next moming. At this term
of the court there were thirteen presentments by
the grand jury of absentees from public worship.
Public opinion, however, seems to have been in
advance of the legislation of the times upon the
rights of conscience, as it appears from the record
that only one of these cases was prosecuted to
execution. Here is the entry. "1724. Information brought
by Thomas Chew, church-warden, against John
Digg, for absenting himself from the place of divine
worship : he is fined ten shillings, or one hundred
pounds of tobacco, or must receive corporal pun
ishment in lieu thereof, as the law directs."
"" Howe, Historical Collections of Virginia, p. 475.

6 A HISTOET OF
The first meeting of the vestry
1726. of St. George's Parish, of which we
Hugh Drysdale, ^^^^ ^ record,* was held in June,
Lieut. Gov. , , , , -r»
1726, at the lower church on Eap
pahannock, and was composed of the follo-wing
persons, -viz. : Eev. Theodosius Staige, minister ;
Augustine Smith, and John Grayson,t church-ward
ens; John TaHaferro, Francis Thornton, Thomas
Chew, William Hansford, Stephen Sharp, and
. George Wheatle. Among the duties imposed by
law in these times upon the vestry was the super
intendence of the processioning of land, and the
cultivation of tobacco. The vestry -^vas required
to divide the parish into so many precincts as to
them shall seem convenient, and to appoint two
intelligent, honest freeholders, in each precinct, to
see such processioning performed. The proceed
ings incident to this duty occupy a large space in
the records of the vestry. These proceedings are
not without interest to the antiquarian, as they de
scribe many localities as they were long ago, and
recite the names of many, of the ancestors of the
"¦ This record was found by Mr. John Minor, of this town, in
Williamsburg. It doubtless contained, originaUy, the proceed
ings of the Veatry from the first erection of the parish. It is now
mutilated — the proceedings from 1722 to 1726 being torn out.
fThe father of Col. Wm. Grayson, of the Revolution, mem
ber of the Virginia Convention of 1788, and United States Sena
tor, was Rev. Spenoe GrayAon. It has been conjectured that he
was a relative of President James Monroe, whose father was
Spenoe Monroe. Both Spenoe Monroe and Spence Grayson were
of Scotch lineage. It is probable that John Grayson of the text
was a near relative, perhaps a brother of Rev. Spence Grayson.

ST. GEOEGE S PAEISH.

present generation, who encountered great perils
and privations in subduing those lands on which
their descendants now repose -with none to make
them afraid. Those -nho take pleasure in such re
searches must refer to the original records, which
are too voluminous to be pubhshed. The reports
of the processioners and counters of tobacco plants
in this parish for the years 1726, "I, '8, and '9 are
curious, as bringing to our minds the former inhab
itants of that region of country lying upon the head
waters of the Mattapony and Eappahannock rivers,
" even to the great mountains," and including the
present counties of Spotsylvania, Culpeper, Eap
pahannock, and parts of Orange and Green. So
full is the enumeration of names, and so minute the
description of the couiltry, that one who is familiar
-with it can people it with a past generation, as
signing to many of them their estates, and designat
ing the social circle in which they probably moved.
I shall confine myself generally to such extracts
from the books of the vestry as tend to illustrate
our civil and church history, -with an occasional in
cident thro-wing light upon the social state, and ex
hibiting our fathers and mothers, not in the dim
outhne of general history, but as they appeared to
each other, in their o-wn dress and ways and modes
of speech.
It has been already said that the Governor had
fixed the seat of justice at Germanna, a viUage
iounded by him, and named from some Germans
sent over by Queea Anne, upon whom the General

8 A HISTOET OF
Assembly conferred some peculiar privileges, allow
ing- them to entertain a minister of their own, and
exempting them from taxation for ten years.* This
act of humane and liberal legislation deserves to be
held in lasting remembrance.
The Eev. Hugh Jones, a cotemporary historian,
describing Germanna, says : "Here, he (Col. Spots-
wood) has servants and workmen of most handycraft
Trades, and he is building a Church, a Court-House,
and a Dwelling-House for himself, and, with his Ser
vants, Negroes, has cleared Plantations about it, pro
posing great Encouragement for People to come and
settle in that uninhabited Part of the world lately
divided into a county."t
In the year 1732 Col. Byrd, of Westover, describ
ing a visit which he made to" Gov. Spotswood, then
residing at Germanna, tells us " that the famous town
of Germanna consists of Col. Spotswood's enchanted
castle on one side of the street, and a baker's dozen
of ruinous tenements on the other, where so many
German families had dwelt years ago, but are now
removed higher to the fork of the river, to land of
¦"The following is the lar^guageof the Act: "Because foreign
Protestants may not understand English readily, if any such
shaU entertain a minister of their own, they and their tythables
shaU be free for ten years."— 4th Hening. These Protestants
were not Episcopalians.
t Present State of Virginia, by Hugh Jones, London,
MDCOXXIV, p. 59, quoted by Howe in his Historical Collections.
This rare work may be seen in the Ubrary at Cambridge ; in the
Franklin Library, at Philadelphia ; and in the library of Peter
Force, Esquire, Washington, D. C.

ST. geoege's paeish. 9
their own.-* There had also," he says, "been a chapel
about a bow-shot from the Col.'s house, at the end of
an avenue of cherry trees, but some pious people had
lately burnt it down, with intent to get another
nearer their own home." At this time there seems to have
a. d. 1728. been three churches in the parish,
Sir Wm. Gooch, j_ r^ j.i
' one at Germanna, one near the pres-
Gcvernor. , . , ,
eiit Site of Fredericksburg, and the
third at Mattapony, which was called the "Mother
Church," probably because it was the place of wor
ship for the inhabitants of the frontier before the
parish of St. George was erected. At a meeting of
the vestry in 1728, Col. John Waller was directed to
provide a set of books and plate for each of these
congregations. In the year 1727 an act of Assembly had been
passed founding the town of Fredericksburg, which
was named from Prince Frederick, Father of George
the II. This town was established upon petition
of the citizens of Spotsylvania, for reasons which are
set forth in the preamble to the act, which is as fol
lows : " Whereas great numbers of people have of
late seated themselves upon the Eappahannock and
the branches thereof above the falls, and great quan
tities of tobacco are every year brought down to the
upper landings upon said river, and it is necessary
that the poorer part of said inhabitants should be
¦* These were doubtless the ancestors of the German people in
Madison county, which Ues in the fork of the Rappahannock, de
scribed by Col. Byrd.

10 A HISTOET OF
supplied from thence ¦with goods and merchandize in
exchange for such commodities, but for want of some
good place where traders may cohabit, and good
houses are greatly wanted upon some navigable part
of said river near the falls for the safe keeping of
such commodities as are brought thither, and for the
entertainment of those who repair thither from re
mote places with carriages drawn by oxen or horses,
therefore be it enacted, that fifty acres of land, par
cel of a tract belonging to John Eoyster and Eobert
Buckner, of the county of Gloucester, commonly
known as the lease land lying upon the south side of
the Eappahannock, shall be vested in John Eobin
son, Henry Willis, Aug. Smith, John Taliaferro,
John Waller, and others, and their successors, who
are hereby appointed trustees for building a town
upon said land; and the said trustees shall lay out
the said fifty acres in lots and streets, not exceeding
half an acre of ground in each lot, and also set apart
certain portions for a church and church yard," &c.*
In 1742 and in 1759, the boundaries of the town
were enlarged by acts of Assembly. When Freder
icksburg was founded, there was a ware-house upon
its site. It is worthy of remark, that the persons
who were appointed trustees of the town were mem
bers of the vestry of St. George's Parish, as were
most of the justices of the county courts in early
times. The Eev. Mr. Staige had ceased to be the rector
-of the parish in November, 1728, and the Eev. Law-
'* Hening's Statutes.

ST. geoege's paeish. 11
rence De Butts having proposed to leave his parish
in Westmoreland, and take charge of St. George's,
the Hon. John Eobinson was desired to intercede
with the Governor for his assent to this arrangement.
This arrangement was not effected, for in March,
1728, '9, we find the following record upon the
books of the Vestry.
" The Eev. Eodham Kenner* having produced his
honor the Governor's letter to the church-wardens
of this parish, to supply our present occasions, re
solved, that the Hon. John Eobinson and Col. Wal
ler be requested to return thanks to his honor the
Governor, and that an agreement be made with Mr.
Kenner to take charge of the parish at the rate of
16,000 pounds of tobacco, and cask according to law."
In the Colonial Church the surplice was worn by
all the clergy, — indeed it was required by law.
Since the revolution this becoming and appropriate
dress has fallen into disuse, except in the cities,
where it is still worn. So important was this canoni
cal habit deemed at the time of which we now write,
that we find the Vestry in June, 1729, instructing
Mr. John Taliaferro to send to England as soon as
possible for three surplices for the three churches in
this parish.
"¦ Son of Capt. Rodham Kenner, member of the House of Bur-
,gesses from Northumberland County, l6a2-6, and father of Rod
ham Kenner, member from Northumberland County, of the Vir
ginia Convention of 1776. The late Hon. Duncan F. Kenner, of
Louisiana, was of this lineage, so also is the distinguished Garrard
family of Kentucky, in which the name Kenner is a favored pre.
nomen, the name Kenner Garrard frequently occurring.

12 A HISTOEY OF
There being no glebe in the parish at this time,
the minister, the Eev. Mr. Kenner, resided at Ger
manna, and was allowed, in addition to his regular sal
ary, the sum of 4,500 pounds of tobacco for his board,
instead of a glebe, to which he was entitled by law.
During the present year (1729) the church-ward
ens purchased a glebe, for which they gave 22,500
pounds of tobacco, and erected upon it a parsonage,
24 by 48 feet, for the further sum of 4,500 pounds
of tobacco. In the deed conveying this property to
the Vestry, which is on record in the county court
of Spotsylvania, it is described as lying on the south
side of the river Po, about a mile above the falls of
the same.
1730. As greab inconvenience had begun to arise
from the extent of the territory over which the par
ishioners of St. George had diffused themselves, an
act was passed by the " Grand Assembly" in January,
1730, dividing the parish by a line from the mouth
of the Eapid Ann to the mouth of Wilderness run —
thence up the said run to the bridge, thence south
west to Pamunkey river — all above said line to be
erected into a new parish, and called St. Mark's, and
the remainder to retain the name of St. George's.
1731-2. It was now that the first church in Fred
ericksburg was built upon the sight of the present
Episcopal Church. As there are many persons now
living who have a distinct recollection of the old
church, and as the parishioners of St. George have it
in contemplation to erect a new one, a minute detail
of the materials of which the old church was con-

ST. geoege's paeish. 13
structed, and of the order of architecture then fash
ionable, will not be without interest.
On the tenth of April, 1732, Col. Henry Willis
contracted to build two new churches, one at Fred
ericksburg, and the other at Mattapony, of the fol
lowing materials and style of workmanship, for each
of which he was to receive 75,000 pounds of tobacco.
These were the terms of the contract : " Each church
is to be underpinned with a brick or stone wall, two
feet above the surface of the earth, and eighteen
inches thick, to be fourteen feet pitch from the upper
part of the sills to the plate; each church is to have
ten windows, seven feet by three, each pane of good
crown glass from London, and eighteen panes in each
sash ; to be well shingled with good cypress shingles
the floors to be well laid with good pine plank, with
out any sap, an inch and a half thick at least ; the roof
to be overjetted twelve inches, with a handsome mo-
dillion cornice ; the rafters to be five inches by four ;
the studs nine by four ; the posts nine by twelve ; the
braces nine square ; the plates twelve by nine ; the
sills twelve square; the sleepers nine by six; the
summers and girders of the under floor to be sup
ported by brick or stone ; the pews to be wainscoated,
and the walls also, as high as the pews; the doors,
windows, and cornice to be three times well painted
and laid with white lead ; all the rest of the outside
to be well tarred ; each church to be well plastered
and whitewashed with lime; the whole to be well,
Bufliciently, and completely done and finished in a
workmanlike manner, with the best materials."

14 A HISTOET OF
Twenty-five years after, viz., in 1756, an addition
was made to these churches, the full width of each
church, and thirty-two feet in length, so as to give
them the form of a T.
A. D. 1732. It was just previous to the erection
of this church, that Col. Byrd visited Fredericksburg,.
on his return from Gov. Spotswood's at Germanna,
to Westover, his own home.
"Col. Willis," he says, "walked me about his to'wn
of Fredericksburg. It is pleasantly situated on the
south side of the Eappahannock, about a mile below
the falls. Sloops may come up and lie close to the
wharf, within twenty yards of the public warehouses,
which are built in the form of a cross. Just by the
wharf is a quarry of white stone, that is very soft in
the ground and hardens in the air. There are several
other quarries within the limits of the town sufficient
to build a large city. The only edifice of stone yet
built, is the prison, whose walls are strong enough
to hold Jack Shephard, if he had been transported
thither. Though this be a commodious and beauti
ful situation for a town, with the advantages of a
navigable river and wholesome air, the inhabitants
are very few.
" Besides Col. Willis, who is the top man of the
place, there are only one merchant, one tailor, a
smith, and an ordinary keeper; though I must not
forget Mrs. Levistone, who acts here in the double
capacity of a doctress and a coffee woman, and were
this a populous city, she is qualified to exercise two
other callings. It is said that the court-house and

ST. geoege's PAEISH. 1^
the church are going to be built here, and then both
religion and justice will help to enlarge the place."*
The Eev. Mr. Kenner had ceased to be regular
minister of the Parish since October, 1730. He
nevertheless continued to officiate occasionally during
the succeeding vacancy of two years and three months
as did also the Eev. Francis Pearl, who preached
eleven sermons.
In January, 1732-3, the vestry got rid of Mr.
Kenner in a very unceremonious way, by giving him
notice that he need not give himself any further
trouble to come and preach in this parish. The
Eev. gentleman perhaps deserved his fate, if we are
to believe Col. Byrd, whose testimony is to be taken
with some few grains of allowance, as he seldom
suffered an occasion to pass of cracking a joke at the
expense of the clergy.
He tells us that during his sojourn in Fredericks
burg, as the guest of Col. Willis, " Parson Kenner
edified us with his company, who left this parish for
another, without any regard to the poor souls he had
half saved, of the flock he had abandoned."
1732-3. The Eev. Patrick Henry ,t having pro
duced letters from the Governor and the commissary,
was received as Minister of the Parish. Messrs.
Willis and Waller were deputed to return thanks to
his honor.
1733, October. At a meeting of the Vestry in
this month, Joseph Brock, Sheriff, presented an or-
* Col. Byed's Progress to the Mines — a most entertaining book.
t Uncle of the orator.

16 A HISTOET OF
der of the Hon. Wm. Gooch, "his Majesty's Lt.
Governor, and Commander-in-Chief of this dominion
of Virginia," setting forth that the freeholders of
the south side of the Parish objected to the location
of a new church near the river Po, upon the ground
of its inconvenience to those who were to bear the
chief burden of its erection. The Governor required
tlie Vestry to attend to him in council, at the gen
eral court, in October, for a full hearing of the alle
gations of the petitioners, and in the meantime or
dered all further proceedings towards building the
¦church to be suspended. After a respectful con
sideration of the matters involved in the Governor's
order, the vestry delegated Zachary Lewis, their at
torney, to attend his honor in council, and shew the
reasons of their procedure in the premises, wliich
reasons were, that the greatest number of parishion
ers who were not convenient to the church on Eap
pahannock were most convenient to the site which
they had chosen; that this site was near the glebe;
that the church was nearly finished; and that the
charge of building it had been levied upon the people.
This case is cited to show, that although the theory
of the government was arbitrary and anti-republican,
and the Church in law was subject to the state, yet
that the popular element often prevailed over the
forms of law ; so that in truth the people enjoyed a
large amount of practical freedom both in Church
and State.
At the same meeting of the Vestry, Col. Waller
was desired to send to England for pulpit cloths and

ST. geoege's paeish. 17
cushions for each church in the parish, to be of crim
son velvet with gold tassels, each cloth having a
cypher -with the initials St. G. P. He was also di
rected to send for two silver chalices.
A. D. 1734. The year 1734 furnishes another
instance of the triumph of the people over the Gov
ernor's prerogative. The Eev. Patrick Henry hav
ing resigned his charge in April, Sir William Gooch
sent a Eev. Mr. Smith with a letter of commenda
tion to the Vestry. Mr. Smith preached two ser
mons in the parish, after hearing which, the Vestry
appointed a committee to inform the Governor that
Mr. Smith's preaching was so generally disliked in
the parish that they could not receive him as their
minister. Whether Mr. Smith's preaching was ob
jected to for its faithfulness, or the contrary, does
not appear in the record, nevertheless the fact proves
that the churchmen of that day were not in such a
state of indifferentism, as to be content with any
minister whom the Governor might please to send
them. 1734-5. Mr. Zachariah Le-wis was appointed to
address the Governor, to permit the Eev. James
Marye, of Goochland, to leave his parish and take
charge of St. George's, he being anxious to do so,
and being approved by the Vestry and people of the
parish. Mr. Marye accordingly was inducted into
the parish in October, 1735.
The reader may perhaps be amused and instructed
by the following account, which is transcribed from
the Vestry-book.

18

A HISTOET OF

St. George's Pa/rish,

Br.
Lbs. of Tobacco. 16,000 1,0001,000
2,000

To Rev. James Marye, his salary per year
To George Carter, Reader at Mattapony
To R. Stuart, Reader at Rappahannock
To Readers at Germanna and the Chapel
To Zachary Lewis, for prosecuting all suits for parish,
per annum ....... 500
To Mary Day, a poor woman  350
To Mrs. Livingston, for salivating a poor woman, and
promising to cure her again if she should be
sick in twelve month . . . . . 1, 000
To James Atkins, a poor man  550
To M. Bolton, for keeping a bastard child a year . 800
To Sheriff, for Quit-rents of Glebe land ... 350
To John Taliaferro for three surpUces . . . 5,000
To Wm. PhiUps, Reader at the Mountain . . . 325
To John Gordon, sexton at Germanna ... 5, 000
To John Taliaferro, for keeping a poor girl six months 1, 000
To Edmund Herndon, for maintaining Thomas Moor 800
Cr. 1,500 tythables, at 22 lbs. of tobacco, per poU . 33,000
175 tythables employed in Spotswoods iron works, ex
empted by law from paying tythes.
The history of the parish for the next twenty
years is unusually barren of interesting events.
Those worthy of being noted may be summed up in
a few words, viz., the building of two chapels; one
at the best spring, near Col. Moore's ridge-quarter,
and the other at Wm. Lee's old field, places not very
easy to be identified at this day.
In 1751, the first bell was put in the church at
Fredericksburg ; it was the gift of John Spotswood.
In 1753, additions were made to the churches in
Fredericksburg and at Mattapony.

ST. geoege's paeish. 19
In 1754, dials were provided in the church-yards,
to regulate the times of going into church, which
was 11 o'clock from the 10th of March to the 10th
of September, and 11^ from the 10th of September
to the 10th of March.
In 1755, the Legislature passed an act, directing
the vestry of each parish to purchase or rent a tract
of land for the maintenance and employment of the
poor, each of whom was required to wear, in an open
manner, a badge, with the name of the parish ta
which they belonged, cut in blue, red, or green cloth.
In obedience to this order, the Vestry of St.
George's rented a house with one hundred acres of
land attached, and this was the first " poor house "
in the county of Spotsylvania.*
1762. Roger Dixon was permitted to have choice
of any pew in the church, except the two already
granted to Benjamin Grymes, upon condition that
he should pay to the parish fifteen hundred pounds
of tobacco, and agree not to raise the pew higher
than the other pews.t
1767. The Eev. James Marye, who had been
rector of the parish for thirty-two years, departed
this life in 1767. This gentleman was a French
Protestant, who took refuge in England in 1726, and
sought the protection of the Bishop of London. The
Bishop of London, who, at that time exercised episco-
* This was the old Glebe house, which had been sold to Benja
min Grymes.
t It was the custom in some of the old churches in Virginia, to
laise the pews so high, that the occupants were not visible.

20 a HISTOET OF
pal jurisdiction in the colonies, sent him to Virginia.
During his residence in London he married in 1728
Miss Letitia Staige, the daughter of an English clergy
man, and soon after embarked for America. From the
time of the revocation of the edict of Nantes, a large
number of Protestants fled to England. A number
of these were sent to Virginia by the Government of
Great Britain, and settled upon the upper James
Eiver. In the years 1700 and 1705, the House of
Burgesses passed acts for their relief, erecting them
into a distinct parish, exempting them from parish
levies, and allowing their own ministers to lead their
devotions in their own language. "And never," in
the language of Dr. Hawks,* " did any people better
repay the hospitable kindness of the land which af
forded them a refuge. No man in America need
ever blush to own himself their descendant; for
among these are to be found, in Virginia and the
Carolinas, some of the brightest ornaments of the
pulpit, the bench, and the halls of legislation." It
was upon James river, in the county of Goochland,
that the Eev. Mr. Marye had his first parish, St.
James' Northam. From thence he moved to Spot
sylvania, and officiated as Eector of the parish of St.
George's for thirty-two years. From his first com
ing to the county until the death of his wife, he re
sided at the Glebe, and then he moved to the vicinity
of Fredericksburg, where he Sied in 1767, and where
his remains now repose, without even a stone to in-
*nistory of the Church in Virginia, by the Rev. F. L. Hawks,
D. D.

ST. geoege's paeish. 21
dicate the place where they lie. He was succeeded
by his son, who was born in Goochland, in the year
1731. In an old commentary upon the Bible, which
belonged to the Eev. James Marye, senior, and now
ia the possession of Yeamans Smith, Esquire, who
married his granddaughter, there is a register of
births, from which I copy the following notice of
the birth of the present subject of my narrative :
" 1731, Sept' ye 8th, at 29 minutes after 11 o'clock
in the night, was born James Marye, the son of James
and Letitia Mary Anna. He was baptized Octo. ye
10th, by me, his father, William Eandolph and James
Holeman god-fathers, and the widow Eandolph god
mother." The Eev. James Marye, junior, was educated at
William and Mary College ; he went to England for
ordination, and when he returned, took charge of a
parish in the county of Orange, where he resided at
the death of his father, whom he succeeded as minis
ter of St. George's in Jan., 1768.*
1768. The collector was ordered to pay Dr.
Hugh Mercer t one thousand pounds of tobacco, for
services rendered.
Joseph Brock J and Edmund Herndon were in-
* For the most of the above facts, I am indebted to Mrs. Yea
mans Smith, who, as also her sister, the widow of the late vener
able and Rev. Mr. Dunn, were daughters of the Rev. James
Marye, Jr.
t Afterwards General, and who f eU at Princeton, June 12, 1777.
J Col. Joseph Brock married Mary Beverley, daughter of John
Chew, and from them was descended Capt. Joseph Brock, U. S.
Army.

22 A HISTOET OF
Btructed to contract for building a church, fifty-six
feet long, and twenty-six feet wide, near Burbridge's
bridge. This church is still standing, and for a num
ber of years after the revolution regular Episcopal
services were held in it. It is now, we believe, oc
cupied exclusively by other denominations of Chris
tians. 1772. The church-yard at Fredericksburg, as
originally laid out by law, extended from the Maia
street to Princess Anne street. The ground on the
Main street proving unsuitable for a place of burial,
application was made to the General Assembly by
the vestry, for power to dispose of that part of the
lot. Accordingly, the Legislature passed an act, in
the year 1772, empowering the vestry to sell so
much of the church-yard as had not been used for a
burying-ground, and directing that the money aris
ing from the sale should be applied towards purchas
ing a more convenient piece of ground in the town
of Fredericksburg, for the purpose aforesaid. This
sale was effected, but it is believed that the money
arising from it was lost to the church in the troub
lous times of the revolution.*
1769-70. In March, 1769-70, the parish was
again divided by the river Po, where it is intersected
by the line of Caroline County, thence up the said
river to the mouth of Eobinson run, thence up the
said run until it intersects the line of Orange county.
All that part of the parish lying between the rivers
Po and Eappahannock to retain the name of St.
• Bee Dr. MoGuibe'b Centennial Sermcm,

23
"George, and the remainder to be a distinct parish,
and called Berkley.
In 1770, the church in Fredericksburg was re
paired, and a gallery erected.
In 1776, an act of Assembly was passed, repealing
all the laws of Parliament, requiring conformity to
the Episcopal Church, and exempting dissenters from
contributing to its support.
In 1784, a bill was enacted by the Legislature,
entitled a bill making provision for teachers of the
Christian religion. Under this law, each denomina
tion of Christians had the privilege of being incor
porated. The Episcopal church immediately ap
plied for an act of incorporation. Accordingly, a
bill for its incorporation was introduced by Patrick
Henry, and passed.
1785. Agreeably to the law incorporating the
Episcopal church, the members of the church in
this parish elected, by ballot, on the 28th of March,
the following persons to serve as vestrymen, viz.:
John Chew, John Steward, Mann Page, Thomas
Colston, Thomas Crutcher, Daniel Branham, Thomas
Sharp, and James Lewis.
1787. In consideration of donations made to the
church in Fredericksburg by the father of Col. Lewis
Willis, it was unanimously agreed in the Vestry,
that the pew which Col. Willis formerly held should
be vested in him.
At the same time, a committee was appointed to
choose a minister for the parish, which had been va
cant for seven years, and also to devise ways and

24 A HISTOET OF
means for his support. Accordingly, on the 1st of
December, the Eev. Thomas Thornton was unani
mously elected rector of St. George's Parish, and
entered upon his duties upon the first of January
following. In obedience to instructions, the committee of
" Ways and Means " published in the Virginia Her
ald, an appeal to the friends of the church, of which
the following is a copy : " As nothing can be more
instrumental in promoting morality and rehgion
than a constant attendance at church, especially in
towns where there are a number of unhappy, idle»
and profligate people, who may be influenced by the
good example of their neighbors, and thereby be re
claimed from idleness ; and as the benevolent inhabi
tants of this town, and the friends of the Episcopal
Church in the vicinity, have hitherto liberally con
tributed to the support of a worthy and assiduous
clergyman, a good clerk and sexton, they are humbly
requested to sign notes, payable quarterly, for the
ensuing year, which notes are deposited by order of
the Vestry in the hands of the church-wardens, ready
for their signature. It is hoped that many who have
frequented the church this year, and have neither
contributed to the repairs of the church nor the sup
port of the minister, will subscribe liberally for the
ensuing year. " Chaeles Moetimee,* ) Chiirch-
" Thomas Colston, ) Wardens."
* Dr. Charles Mortimer was one of the signers of the Westmore
land resolutions against the Stamp Act, Feb. 27, 1766.

ST. geoege's paeish. 25
The result of this appeal was the collection of
£169 Is. 6d. The document is curious, as being
one of the earliest devices of the voluntary system,
after the breaking down of the establishment by the
revolution. The ministry of Mr. Thornton seems to have
given an impulse to the prosperity of the parish, as,
soon after his accession, an application was made to
the corporation of the town for leave to build an
addition to the church, for the reason that the con
gregation had become too large for the ediflce. By
reference to the records of the common council, I
find that this petition was granted in 1789, and that
the addition was ordered to be made on the south
side of the church so as to form the church into a
cross. During Mr. Thornton's ministry. General Wash
ington visited his mother at Fredericksburg. On
Sunday, in accordance with the uniform habit, he at
tended the Episcopal Church, and so great was the
crowd drawn together by his presence, that some of
the timbers in the gallery which had not been well
adjusted, settled into their places with a slight crash,
which excited great alarm for fear the church was
falling, and the congregation made their escape
through doors and windows in great confusion. The
alarm was at last quieted by Mr. Callender the clerk,,
who explained the cause of it.*
*This incident is related upon the authority of Judge Lomax,
of Fredericksburg, who was present, and though but a boy at that
time, has a distinct remembrance of the scene.

26 A HISTOEY OF
Four pews in the gallery were appropriated to the
use of the professors and students in the Fredericks
burg academy, which for many years was in high re
pute as a classical institution, and stiU maintains its
reputation under the care of its present amiable and
able master, Thomas H. Hanson.
As an example of the manner in which all notices
of Episcopal visitations were given in these times, the
following is republished from the Virginia Herald.
"On Saturday last I received a letter from the
Eight Eeverend Father in God, James Madison,
Bishop of Virginia, signifying his intention of visit
ing the church in this town, on Sunday the 11th of
September, when all persons who desire to be eon-
flrmed, may have an opportunity of receiving that
pious and necessary institution from his hands."
"Thomas Thoenton.
"August 15th, 1791."
Mr. Thornton soon after left the parish, and died
ultimately at Dumfries. The obituary below is taken
from a cotemporary newspaper.
" Died, in Dumfries, on the 25th ult., in the 76th
year of his age, the Eev. Thomas Thornton, late
Eector of this parish. He possessed steady faith,
rational benevolence, and unaffected piety. With
the dignity of the minister he associated the familiar
ity of the man, and was truly an ornament to human
nature. In his sermons he was accurate and persua
sive, more attentive to sense than to sound, to eleva
tion of sentiment than loftiness of style, expatiating
on the evidences of Christianity when infidelity pre-

27
Tailed, and strongly urging the practice of Christian
morality when vice predominated. His amiable
qualities secured him universal respect, and his death
is now the theme of universal lamentation."
1792. We have now to record the first instance
of a popular election in the history of St. George's
Parish. When the church had become vacant by the resig
nation of Mr. Thornton, an advertisement was in
serted in the Virginia Herald, inviting the subscrib
ers to the Episcopal Church, to meet at the town-
house and elect a clergyman to fill the vacancy.
We learn from the same source, that ninety-six
votes were cast for the Eev. John Woodville, and
thirty-four for the Eev. Thomas Davis : whereupon
Mr. Woodville was proclaimed by Benjamin Day,
"the Senior Church Warden, to be duly elected. His
connection with this Parish was but of short dura
tion, and we regret that we have no record of his
ministrations. The only two notices of him which
we have been able to find, are in the Virginia Her
ald. In a description of a masonic procession on the
28th of June, 1792, from their lodge to the church,
his name is mentioned, and he is said to have de
livered a well adapted discourse on the occasion. In
a poem of this date, apparently written by a clergy
man in apology for levity of conversation with which
he had been reproached, these lines occur, which give
"the Eev. Mr. Woodville credit for a quality of which
his whole life was a beautiful illustration.
"Deny him not those aids -within his reach.
But let him laugh, and modest WoodvUle preach. "

28 A HISTOEY OF
Mr. Woodville resigned his charge in 1793, and
removed to Culpeper, where he lived to a good old
age, as Eector of St. Mark's Parish, and principal of
a grammar school. Some of the author's earliest re
collections are associated with this good old man,
whose pure character, and modest, blameless man
ners, made him an object of universal veneration and
respect.* 1794. On the sixth of January, 1794, the people
assembled at the market-house, and the Eev. James
Stephenson was unanimously elected minister of the
parish. It was during Mr. Stephenson's administra
tion that those two excellent institutions, the male
and female charity schools, were established. The
first meeting of subscribers to the former, was held
at Benson's hotel, on the twenty-fifth of January,
1795, at which Benjamin Day, Charles Yates, Elisha
Hall, William Lovell, Fontaine Maury,, George
French, and Daniel Henderson were present.
This institution was incorporated in 1796, and in
the following year it was invested by act of Assembly
with certain property which had been devised by a
benevolent gentleman named McPherson, for the
use of the poor, and in 1799, it received a further
accession to its means of usefulness in the funds of
the Fredericksburg academy, which, upon the petition
of the trustees of the same, was conferred upon the
charity school.
* Mr. WoodvUle was Professor of Humanity in the Fredericks
burg academy when Mr. GUbert Harrow was Professor of Mathe_
matics. These gentlemen were required to undergo an examina
tion by Bishop Madison in the classics, and in the sciences.

ST. geoege's paeish. 29
The female school had its origin in the counsels of
a few benevolent ladies of Fredericksburg, in the
year 1802. It was incorporated in 1808, but was
dependent chiefly on the yearly contributions of the
humane, until it received the benefactions of Miss
Sophia Carter, of Berea, in the county of Prince
William, who devised to it the munificent legacy of
ten thousand dollars.
The chief design of these institutions is to instruct
their pupils in the rudiments of an English educa
tion, and in the principles of the Christian religion.
Among the excellent arrangements for their religious
culture, they are required to go regularly to Church,
and to be catechised by the minister, for which they
are to be prepared by their teachers.
The successive pastors of the church seem to have
taken a laudable interest in these schools, and were
in the habit of preaching annual sermons in their be
half. By a notice in a newspaper of that date, we
observe that the annual sermon in May 1799, was
preached by the Eev. James Stephenson, on which
occasion the collection was £37. The laity, too, were
not without sympathy in this noble charity, for we
learn from the newspaper of the day, that it was the
favorite theme of the young orators when taking
their first flight. Accordingly in 1808, we are told
that an impressive and eloquent oration was delivered
by L. L. Lomax in its behalf. In 1827, the Eev. Mr.
McGuire, in his report to the convention, says, " that
the charity schools connected with the church, are of
a highly interesting character. About forty-five

30 A HISTOET OF
children are educated in them, some of whom are
clothed and boarded. These excellent institutions
share largely of the spiritual care and pecuniary as
sistance of the congregation, while, as objects of
general favor and of general good, they derive from
other sources a part of their support."
It is a grateful office to record the names and re
count the deeds of those who founded, and of those
who have cherished, institutions, which have poured
the light of sacred knowledge into the minds of hun
dreds of immortal beings, who, without this blessed
agency, had perhaps lived and died in ignorance and
degradation. May their memories be ever green and
fragrant ia the minds of those who survive, and may
he, the sign of whose office was, that he preached
the Gospel to the poor, keep ever open, and freshly
flowing, for the use of generations yet unborn, these
streams of mercy, which make "glad the city of our
God." 1802. There is but one more incident in the his
tory of Mr. Stephenson's connection with the parish
which we have been able to collect, and for that, we
are indebted to the Virginia Herald of 1802.
"The anniversary of St. John the Evangelist was
celebrated on Friday last by the masons of Fred
ericksburg. About eleven o'clock, they moved in
grand procession to the church, where an appropri
ate discourse was delivered by Brother James Steph
enson, after which the procession moved to Brother
Wm. Herndoa's, where the day was spent in the ut
most harmony and brotherly affection." This was

31
probably the last official act of Mr. Stephenson, as
shortly afterwards he was confined by protracted ill
ness in Culpeper, from which, it is believed that, he
was never sufficiently restored to resume his official
duties. 1808. Upoa petition of the subscribers to the
Eev. Mr. McConochie (a Presbyterian minister), he
was permitted to occupy the church when not wanted
for Episcopal services.
The indisposition of Mr. Stephenson continuing,
the following correspondence ensued, which explains
the occasion of his resignation.
"Feedebicksbueg, July 'iith, 1805.
"Deae Sie: — In conformity to a resolution of the
trustees of your church, at a meeting on the 24th
inst., we beg leave to express the just sense enter
tained of your past services, and the sincere regret
that your indisposition has so long deprived us of
their continuance.
"It has been intimated that you had expressed
yourself doubtful of your health's enabling you to
perform those clerical duties so justly appreciated;
though from motives of personal consideration, the
trustees feel a repugnance in the discharge of this
duty, yet the welfare of our church, requiring every
attention that can promote it, and well Jjnowing your
unremitted zeal for its interest, we flatter ourselves
that you will excuse the request we now make, of be
ing informed of your intention of continuing in the
office of your present appointment.

32 A HISTOEY OF
"With sentiments of affectionate regard, we are
very respectfully, dear sir, your ob't servants,
"William Tayloe,
" James Beown,
Church- Wardens."
Answer.
"Culpepee, July 29th, 1805.
"Gentlemen: — Your letter of the 25th current
came to hand yesterday, and I am requested, by my
husband, to make his acknowledgements for the
sentiments therein contained, both in regard to his
past services and health. As to the latter, he has but
little hope of its being established so far as to enable
him to perform the duties of a parish ; but he begs
you will believe that the zeal he has hitherto mani
fested towards your church is still alive, and to hear
of its welfare will ever be grateful to him. He
therefore recommends it to the trustees, to provide a
minister as soon as they can, and that he may be one
every way suitable, is his sincere -wish.
"With much respect and esteem,
" I am. Gentlemen, Yours, &c.,
"Feances Stephenson."
This venerable minister survived this correspond
ence several years, and departed this life in June
1809. The following brief obituary, in the Virginia
Argus, furnishes the intelligence :
" Died on Friday last, in Culpeper, after a tedious
indisposition, the Eev. James Stephenson, a gentle-

ST. geoege's paeish. 33
man much and deservedly esteemed by an extensive
acquaintance."* 1805. The Rev. Abner Waugh was chosen to
supply Mr. Stephensoa's place, in 1805, and took
charge of St. George's parish in 1806. In July fol
lowing, Mr. Waugh resigned his charge, in conse
quence of extreme indisposition rendering him incom
petent to discharge its duties. Soon after his resig
nation, he retired to Hazlewood, from whence he ad
dressed to his late parishoners the following commu
nication : "Hazlewood, August Mh, 1806.
" Impressed -with a high sense of their friendly re
gards and general attention to him during his resi
dence and want of health among them, the Eev.
Abner Waugh begs them to receive his acknowledg
ments. Loss of health, and, consequently, loss of
power of being any longer useful, compelled him to
relinquish his prospects in Fredericksburg. In bid
ding the citizens farewell, he wishes them, individ
ually and generally, as much comfort, ease, and hap
piness in this life, as may be consistent with a more
exalted degree of happiness hereafter."
Mr. Waugh did not long survive this parting bene-
* The Rev. Mr. Stephenson married Miss Littlepage, a lady of
fine inteUectual endo-wments. The Hon. Andrew Stephenson, of
Richmond, is their son. The Rev. Mr. WoodvUle married a daugh
ter of the Rev. Mr. Stephenson.
[There must be an error in the spelling of the name, as Ste
phenson, certainly the son cited, speUed his name Stevenson, as
did his son, Hon. John W. Stevenson, Governor of, and United
States Senator from, Kentucky. — Editoe.]

34 A HISTOEY OF
diction, as we learn from the accompanying obituary,
extracted from the Virginia Herald :
"Died, at the seat of Col. John Taylor, in the
county of Caroline, on Saturday last, after a long in
disposition, -which he bore vsdth Christian resignation,
the Eev. Abner Waugh, late minister of the Protes
tant Episcopal Church in this town."*
1808. In July, 1808, the Rev. Samuel Low suc
ceeded Mr. Waugh. Mr. Low seems to have been a
very acceptable minister, who, by his popular ad
dress, made many friends, and awakened no small
interest in behalf of the Church. His private de
meanor during his residence in Fredericksburg, ac
cording to the testimony of successive vestries, was
uniformly exemplary; his public ministry, zealous,
able, and eloquent; and his prospects of a long ca
reer of usefulness full of promise. But the reverend
gentleman had committed an error years before,
which, however it may be regarded from many points
of worldly observation, when brought to the light of
Holy Scripture, was a sin of a high grade, and of most
deplorable consequences.t
In the midst of popularity and apparent useful
ness, the evil report overtook him ; and although at
first, in his infatuation, he was disposed to cover the
"During Mr. Waugh's incumbency, Mr. Thomas Colston, an old
respected member of the Vestry, died, and devised £500 to be in
vested for the use of the church — the annual interest of which
was to be appropriated to the minister's salary. The successive
Rectors of the parish have regularly received this appropriation.
t His offence consisted in marrying a second -wife before he had
obtained a legal divorce from his first.

ST. geoege's paeish. 35
offence and even to plead justification, yet a manly
and faithful letter from the church-wardens seems to
have dispelled the allusion, and to have awakened
him to a proper sense of his situation. In his reply
he says, "perhaps long and confirmed habit, some
self-love, with other palliating circumstances, may
have made me view the principal transgression of my
past life in a light less reprehensible than that in
which it deserves to be considered. I persuade my-
seK that a merciful God, who knows my frame, and
remembers I am but dust, views the great and manifold
distresses I have suffered in consequence of that trans
action as some atonement, and that my future endea
vors to walk worthy of my high vocation will, through
the merits of our Redeemer, be a full expiation."
Mr. Low soon after moved to King George county,.
but continued to officiate in this parish once, in three
weeks for twelve months, and then tendered his resig
nation, which was accepted. We have no informa
tion of his future history, but trust that he fulfilled
his own expectations in walking worthy of that high
vocation which his gifts qualified him to adorn, and
realized the hopes of the vestry, when they told him
"that while they could not palliate what they deemed
to be the great error of his life, yet they believed he
would repair it by his future usefulness."
In Nov. 1811, the Rev. George Strebeck was
elected to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resigna
tion of Mr. Low. The only event of which there is
a record in the proceedings of the vestry during the
incumbency of Mr. Strebeck of sufficient interest to

36 A HISTOEY OF
deserve historical notice, is the appointment of a
committee to obtaia subscriptions to build a new
church. The old church, the details of whose build
ing we have given so minutely in the former part of
this tract, and which had now been standing nearly
a century, had been for some years yielding to the
ravages of decay. Sundry propositions had been
made for its repair, and at length Messrs. Bernard,
Stone, Day, and Mercer were appointed to open a sub
scription for build a new church, but Mr. Strebeck left
the parish and the diocese before anything was done.
Hitherto we have been writing of generations that
are past and gone, the materials of whose history are
few and unsatisfactory. These materials consist
chiefly of the church records, which treat for the
most part of statistical details, which of course are
wanting in the freshness and animation of life.
Writing history by such lights, is like walking among
the tombs and reading the epitaphs of the silent
dwellers there, instead of conversing with li^ving be
ings, and learning their story from their own lips in
their own burning words. Our narrative, therefore,
is a sort of chronological skeleton of facts and dates,
instead of showing, as we could have wished, the
"body of the times," except when we meet with
some precious fragment of contemporary history, or
with some venerable patriarch whose long hfe over
laps several generations, and whose memory, like an
electric telegraph, linking the past with the present
transmits to us in a moment of time the impressions
of by-gone days.

ST. geoege's paeish. 37
Our materials make us sufficiently acquainted with
the boundaries of parishes and the number of their
tythables ; the names of the ministers, with the dates
of their births and of their deaths ; the statistics of
baptisms and of burials; the sites of the churches,
with their order of architecture and materials of con
struction; with all, indeed, that pertains to the out
ward organization of the church, its temporal aspects
and relations. But as to its spiritual state, we are
left almost entirely in the dark.
But we now emerge from the darkness which has
so long hung over our pathway, and begin to see
with our own eyes and hear with our own ears. Let
us then endeavor to supply for those who are to
come after us, the defects we have been lamenting
in those who have gone before. We have now
reached a period at which it is convenient to pause
for a few moments, and take a brief retrospect of the
past. Although there were many things in the his
tory of the Church before the American revolution
to be deplored, arising from a union of Church and
State, from the defective character of many of the
clergy, who were sent to the colony, and from tho
want of Episcopal supervision, so essential in our
Church to good discipline, and from other causes, yet,
it is an undeniable fact, which we affirm upon the
authority of eye-witnesses, both within and without
the Church, that the state of rehgion after the revo
lution was even more deplorable than before.*
* See D. Jaebatt's AutoUography, and Semplb's History of the
's, as quoted in Hawks'.

38 A HISTOEY OF
This arose from a variety of causes, among the
most prominent of which were, the distracting and
demoralizing effects of war, even in the most right
eous cause, the angry controversies about the church
property, the prevalence of an infldel philosophy
among the higher classes, and the outbreak of a ma-
hgnant fanaticism among the lower order of the peo
ple. These causes had reduced the state of rehgion
among all denominations of Christians to a point of
sad declension.
But there were other facts which especially af
fected the prosperity of tbe Episcopal Church in Vir
ginia. She was associated in popular opinion with that
form of government which for its abuses and usurpa
tions had just been indignantly thrown off by the
people, and although a majority of those illustrious
men who led our battles in council and in the fleld,
including the Father of his Country, were her de
voted adherents, yet there were few whose minds
were sufficiently calm and discriminating to separate
two things which had been so long and intimately
connected, and there was neither leisure nor inclina
tion for an investigation of the true and independ
ent grounds upon which she rested her claims to rev
erence and respect. Under these circumstances, her
constitution, her liturgy, her ministry and members,
became the objects of a torrent of popular prejudice
and abuse, which had well nigh driven her out of the
land. The Church had been so long accustomed to
lean upon the secular arm for support, that when it

ST. geoege's paeish. 39
was rudely withdra^wn, she could with difficulty walk
alone. And when in this state she was turned out
to contest the field with those who had been always
accustomed to rely on their own resources, she was
for awhile unequal to the conflict. The stoutest
hearts trembled for the ark of God, the timid fled,
while only those who had the spirit of martyrdom
adhered to her fallen fortunes. These with the eye
of faith pierced the thick clouds that lowered upon
her, and saw the dawning of a brighter day, never
doubting but that the time would come when the
cloud would pass away, and, in the language of Jar-
ratt, "the Old Church would arise out of the dust
and again be a praise in the land." Such was the
state of things generally in the Diocese at the time
of which we now write, but there were some causes,
already briefly alluded to, which made the prospect
in the parish of St. George particularly gloomy and
unpromising. Such were the circumstances under which the Rev.
Edward C. McGuire became the rector of the parish
in October, 1813.
By the influence of the present Bishop of Virginia,
and a few other kindred spirits, a Convention (the
first for many years) had been assembled in 1812,
and an effort made for the resuscitation of the Church.
By the advice of Mr. Meade, whose instructions he
had enjoyed during his preparation for the ministry,
Mr. McGuire chose his present field of labor. When
he took charge of the parish, it is believed there were

40 A HISTOEY OF
not more than eight or ten communicants of the
Church in Fredericksburg.
Young and inexperienced he could no doubt with
deep feeling utter the words of St. Paul, " Brethren
I come to you not with excellency of speech or of
wisdom, but in weakness and in fear and in much
trembling." But with a sincere affection for the
Church at whose altars he ministered, with an ex
perimental knowledge of the gospel, he was commis
sioned to preach, with a lively compassion for the
souls he saw perishing around him, and with a firm
reliance upon the promise of him who had said, "My
word shall not return unto me void," he was not dis
couraged. Sad as was the decleasioa of the Church in Vir
ginia, there was still much latent sensibility ia the
miads of the people to her former glory.
There were chords in many hearts which vibrated
when that key was touched; insomuch that Bishop
Moore, in reporting one of his first visitations of the
Diocese, says, " I have seen congregations at the men
tion of the glory which once irradiated the Church
in Virginia, burst into tears and perfectly electrify
my mind." Accordingly, soon after Mr. McGuire
commenced his ministrations, he had the happiness
of seeing his congregation greatly increased, and the
higher and purer joy of hearing broken and contrite
spirits asking what they should do to be saved, and
of seeing new communicants bending around the
altar. In May, 1814, the corner stone of the present

ST. geoege's PAEISH. 41
church ediflce was laid, and in 1816, he reported to
the Convention, and the addition of sixty or seventy
members to the communion. At the same Conven
tion, Bishop Moore, in describing an Episcopal visita
tion of St. George's parish, says, "he had consecrated
a handsome brick edifice there and confirmed sixty
persons," and adds, " the zeal of the members of that
church entitles them to the love and veneration of
their brethren, and the pious and indefatigable ex-
ertioas of the miaister meet my warmest commenda
tion. From all that I have seen, his labors have re
ceived the sanction of his God."
This congregation seems to have received the con
verting and sanctifying influence of the Holy Spirit
in an eminent degree for a series of years. The gen
eral tone of the reports to the annual convention for
a number of years was, "the gentle dews of God's
blessing continue to fall regularly upon us," until in
1823, these were succeeded by plentiful showers of
divine grace, from which the rector anticipated a
valuable accession of piety and influence to the cause
of evangelical truth, and an acceptable mite to that
revenue of glory which is accruing to the great Head
of the Church from the progress of true religion
upon earth. From this period until 1831, the parish
of St. George experienced many tokens of the kind
and gracious remembrance of the Lord, and the
parishoners exhibited an encouraging fruitfulness in
those good works which ever distinguish and adorn
the followers of the Redeemer.
In 1831 this growing interest seems to have

42 A HISTOEY OF
reached its climax in a deeply interesting revival of
religion. In his report of that year the rector says :
"we have rarely enjoyed more manifest proofs of the
faithfulness of Him who has said ' My word shall not
return unto me void.' A large accession to our com
munion, and the increasing number of those who,
around the family altar, offer the sacriflce of prayer
and praise with morning light and evening shade, is
of great advantage to the cause of truth and good
ness among us, while the greater number of those
who go up to the house of God, have suggested the
enlargement of our church." Bishop Meade soon
after visited this parish, and his reports to the Con
vention of 1832, of the results of this deeply inter
esting work of grace, is so full and graphic that we
transcribe every word of it.
" From Culpeper," says the Bishop, " I proceeded
in company with the Rev. Z. Meade to Fredericks
burg where a Spiritual feast awaited us. For some
months before, the religious state of that parish had
been deeply interesting. The rector traces the com
mencement of that happy revival with which his peo
ple have been blessed, to serious impressions made
upon the minds of some of the young members of
his congregation, at the Convention in Norfolk.
These impressions were soon communicated to others,
and spread from heart to heart, until a general and
very deep concern pervaded the congregation. Meet
ings for religious exercises became more frequent in
the church, in the lecture room, and in private houses-
The anxieties of souls hungering and thirsting after

43
righteousness loudly called for every effort from the
minister, and the pious members of the church. The
result was such as must give joy to every friend of
religion. God perfected praise out of the mouth of
babes; young men and maidens were converted to
the Lord ; even the old were born again ; the zeal of
Christians was stirred up; infidelity was removed;
vice stood abashed ; scoffers became mute. All ages,
characters, and classes, fiocked to the house of God
as a place of deep and all-absorbing interest. Such
was the condition of tlie congregation in Fredericks
burg when I was called upon to assist in the admis
sion of a number of new converts to all the priv
ileges of the Church of God.
" It was indeed a most delightful and triumphant
season to myself and the brethren attendant on the
occasion. Often did we meet together with people
who evidently felt it to be good to be there, who de
lighted to sing together in psalms, and hymns, and
spiritual songs, making melody in their hearts to the
Lord. " We felt that it was good for ourselves to be there,
that our truth and zeal might be improved. On Sun
day we were privileged to hear the renewal of solemn
baptismal vows in the rite of confirmation, by more
than seventy persons, from the age of flfteen to three
score years and ten. We have good reason to be
lieve that these vows were made in sincerity and
truth, with enlightened understandings, and sanctifled
affections. No methods were used to produce a
spurious excitement, and hurry to an open profession

44 A HISTOEY OF
of religion, those who might be under its influence.
Such a revival as this may God grant to aU our
churches." In the foregoing address. Bishop Meade says that
the rector ascribed the beginning of this good work
to impressions made upon the minds of some young
members of his flock, at the Convention at Norfolk.
Although this was doubtless the immediate occasion
of bringing out into open profession the latent re
ligious sensibilities of many hearts, yet it is clear,
from the history of the parish, that there had been
for a number of years a regular progression towards
this result, and that the grain which was now gath
ered into the garner, was the fruit of good seed sown
in a good soil, and which needed but a reviving
shower, to make the field white to the harvest.
From 1832 to the present time the state of the
Parish had been one of uniform prosperity. While
the religious sensibility of the congregation has not
been so great as at former periods, and while the
number of communicants has been diminished by
deaths and removals, yet the growth of the parish in
outward things has been steadily onward. During
this period it has furnished to the church at home
several faithful ministers, three of whom, the Rev.
Francis McGuire, the Rev. W. T. Leavell, and the
Rev. Edw. McGuire, Jr., are now laboring diligently
in the Diocese, while one, the Rev. Charles Taliaferro,
has gone to reap his reward. It has also sent to the
foreign field two devoted missionaries, the Rev.
Launcelot Minor, and Mrs. Susan Savage, who, hav-

45
ing flnished their course with joy, do now rest from
their labors.
There are those it may be who regard the enter
prise of these young soldiers of the cross, as a relig
ious romance — an idle crusade against the principali
ties and powers of darkness in benighted Africa;
who deem their early deatli upoa a foreign shore,
and in aa uafriendly clime, as an unnecessary and
wasteful expenditure of human life, and their lives a
costly sacrifice to the cause of missions. These are
the natural reasonings of natural minds, but the
Christian can have no sympathy with them. Not
that Christianity blunts the sensibihties of the human
heart. Never was heart so full of sympathy as that
of Christ. He was as intensely human as he was di
vine. And if he wept at the grave of a friend, so
may we, without sin, shed tears at the tombs of those
we love. The present writer feels that he has some
claim, over and above that of a common humanity
and brotherhood in Christ, to mingle his sympathies
with those of the surviving relatives and friends of
these two martyr missionaries. It was his privilege
to know them personally, and he begs to be indulged
¦with a brief tribute to their memories.
Mrs. Susan Savage was the daughter of John Met
calfe, Esquire, of Fredericksburg. She made an early
profession of religion, and her walk was worthy of her
high vocation. She " adorned herself in modest ap
parel, not with gold, and pearls, and costly array;
but which becometh women professing godliness,
with good works." These qualities commended her

46 A HISTOEY OF
to him who was the pioneer of our African Missions,.
as a person meet and fit to be a companion of his.
labors. In the year 1838, she was married to the
Rev. Dr. Savage. On the 12th of December, of the
same year, she sailed with her husband for Africa?
and on the 16th of April, 1839, she died.
Who that remembers that open face, that cheerful
voice, those artless manners, that kind and gentle
heart which so endeared her to the social and domes
tic circles in which she moved, but will drop a tear
at the early blighting of her bloom, beneath the
scorching sun of Africa ?
The Rev. Launcelot Byrd Minor was the sou of
General John Minor, and of Lucy Landon, daughter
of Landon Carter, of Cleve. He was born at Topping
Castle, in the county of Caroline, in September, 1813.
He was educated at Kenyon College, and studied
theology in the seminary of Virginia. While a stu
dent at Kenyon College, he became a subject of the
renewing of the Holy Ghost, and soon afterward de
termined to devote himself to the ministry. Having
resolved to be a minister, it was easy for one who
knew his tastes to conclude that he would be a mis
sionary. For while he was tenderly attached to his
relatives, and had a keen relish for the society of kin
dred spirits, yet he deeply sympathized with " the
outcasts of society," and comtemplated with lively
interest the mysterious fate of the red and of the
black man.
Often would his miad waader away from present
sceaes, and he would roam in imagination over the-

ST. geoege's PAEISH. 47
great mountains, and along the majestic rivers of the
West, and hold converse with the native sons of the
forest in their own wild homes. And, although he did
not neglect nor undervalue the appointed means of
grace, yet he loved to commune with the Deity in
the great temple of Nature, and offer the sacrifice of
praise upon her rocky altars. He delighted to trace
the footsteps of God upon all his works, and there
was not a fossil nor a flower that he did not make
tributary to his devotion. With these tastes, coin-
cidiug as they did with his coavictioas of duty, it was
inevitable that he should be a missionary. This
point once settled, and it was easy for those who
were familiar with his history to coaclude that Africa
would be the chosen field of his labors. From his
boyhood he had been familiar with the scheme of
African colonization. Often had he listened with a
beating heart to the story of that uohappy laud, and
so deeply were his sympathies excited, that he would
appropriate the little pecuniary rewards with which
his youthful industry was encouraged to the Coloni
zation Society.
It would seem as if the providence of God had
been training him for this special work. When
therefore, the African mission was presented to the
students, during his term at the seminary, we are
not surprised, that, after a prayerful consideration,
he offered himself for this field of labor. In 1836
he was ordained, and not long after sailed for Africa.
After laboring faithfully for two years, he returned
to the United States to recruit his health. On the

48 A HISTOEY OF
23d of January, 1840, he was married to Miss Mary
Stewart, of Baltimore; sailed, with his wife, from
Norfolk, on the 15th of February, and arrived at
Cape Palmas on the 5th of April. For three years
more he devoted himself to his work -with unremit
ting zeal. Our space will not allow us to recount
his labors. All who saw them testify that they
were labors of love. His health had been gradually
giving way for some time, until the 29th of May,
1843, when he finished his career with joy. Among
his last words were these, " I do not regret having
come to Africa;" and fit words they are to be en
graven on a missionary's tomb, expressing as they
do a noble testimony to the power of Christian faith
to illuminate the dark vaUey of the shadow of death.
The present writer was a fellow student -with Mr.
Minor in the seminary, was intimate -with him, and
loved him as a brother. There was a noble disinter
estedness about him, a high disdain of every thing
that was mean, a singleness of eye, a manly courage,
and a firmness of purpose, blended with a humanity
and gentleness which excited the admiration of all
who knew him.
He had a heart warm with every generous emo
tion, and a hand open as day to melting charity.
He loved to visit the sick, to feed the hungry, to clothe
the naked, to preach the gospel to the poor ; and al
though his careeer on earth was short, it is believed
that there are hundreds of those who experienced
his kindness that will bless and cherish his memory.
Such is a brief sketch of the brief career of these

ST. geoege's PAEISH. 49
young missionaries; and shall it be said they have
hved in vain? If the blood of the martyrs be the
seed of the Church, who can tell but that from the
graves of Launcelot Minor and of Susan Savage there
yet may spring a " noiseless band of heavenly soldiery,"
who, in the full armor of the gospel, will carry the
war into Africa, and plant the ensigns of the gospel
"high on the pagan hills, where Satan sits en
camped ? " The time may come.
Their names shall beat the alarm, like Ziska's drum.
On reviewing the history of St. George's Parish,
we see many reasons for devout thankfulness and
congratulation. We should be thankful to God, who
put it into the hearts of our fathers to bring the
Christian religion along with them to this new world.
We should cherish with gratitude the memory of
those pious pioneers who organized parishes, built
churches, and sustained a ministry, by which means
were handed down to us those institutions to which
we are indebted for all our present blessings and fu
ture hopes. And above all, we should adore the for
bearance of God, who watched over the Church in
the wilderness, and although the fire upon the altar
often burned low, and the glory above the Mercy-
seat had sometimes nearly departed, did not remove
the candlestick from its place nor suffer its light to be
utterly extinguished.
In comparing the leanness of many preceding
years with the abundant harvest of the present cen
tury, no devout man can restrain the exclamation,
4

50 A HISTOEY OF
"Lo, what hath God wrought!" So surprisiag is
the change, that, in the coatemplatioa of it, no words
are so apt to express our feelings as those of the
Psalmist, " When the Lord turned again the captiv
ity of Jacob, we were like them that dream; then
was our mouth filled with laughter, and our tongue
with singing. Then said they among the heathen,
the Lord hath done great things for them, yea, the
Lord hath done great things for us, whereof we are
glad." In meditating upon this subject, it becomes an in
teresting inquiry, by what means was this revolution
wrought? In our judgment, the answer is plain: it
is to be ascribed to the revival of clearer views of
Evangelical truth, and a more lively and earnest ex
hibition of it. It was an honor put by God upon
the preaching of the gospel "in simplicity and godly
sincerity," and upon the diligent use of all scriptural
methods of pressing truth directly and pungently
upon the hearts and consciences of the people. The
men who have been instrumental in effecting these
changes in society, have been uniformly characterized
by dwelling with great emphasis and frequent repe
tition upon the great doctrines of human depravity,
the necessity of a new birth by the Holy Ghost, and
justification by a faith in Christ, which is lively and
fruitful in all the works of the spirit. Of this truth
the parish of St. George, under the ministry of the
Rev. Dr. McGuire, is an encouraging example. Such
a ministry generally raises up a number of subordi
nate agencies, such as Sunday and charity schools,

ST. GEOEGE S PAEISH. 51
Bible classes, missionary and other societies, which a
late modern writer calls those " wheels in the intri
cate mechanism of society, which are bearing the
earth along from its wintry and torpid position, un
der the influence of serener heavens and an awaken
ing spring."
Accordingly, Dr. McGuire * tells us in his reports
to the annual convention, that when his church was
most prosperous, they cherished vnth zeal and affec
tion the Sunday school, from which much precious
fruit has been realized ; " the bible classes, to which
"no small share of the spiritual improvement of the
congregation is to be ascribed ; " " the missionary so
ciety, which had done great good in supplying desti
tute congregations, and in settling several ministers
permanently in parishes;" the education society,
"which rendered important aid to the seminary;"
and the charity schools, "which gave a Christian edu
cation to the poor." The Common Prayer Book So
ciety was also "active and useful," and, ia the lan
guage of Dr. McGuire, " there prevailed many evi
dences of a true love for the church."
More than thirty-three years have now elapsed
since Dr. McGuire took charge of this parish. Dur
ing that time he has baptized 807 persons, of whom
50 were adults; he has joined together in matrimony
524 persons ; buried 473 ; admitted to the holy Com
munion 444, of whom 294 have removed or died,
leaving him a flock of 150 communicants, of whom
*In 1838 the degree of D. D. was conferred upon Rev. E. C.
McGuire, by Kenyon College.

52 A HISTOEY OF
he is the honored and beloved pastor, who still de-
hghts to lead them into green pastures and by the
still waters.
There is apparently but one thing wanting to the
outward prosperity of this congregation, and that is,
room for its growth. The present church edifice is
too small for the congregation. There is a number
of families who are excluded from its courts for want
of room. This ought aot to be. It is a grievous
fault in many of our parishes. It was the sign of
Christ's office that he preached the gospel to the
poor, and his ambassadors should have the privilege
of going into the highways, and proclaiming to every
poor wanderer from the fold of Christ, " there yet
is room in the courts of the Lord's house on earth,
as well as in the many mansions of our Father in
Heaven." We cannot expect the fullness of God's
blessing, so long as in the structure and arrangement
of our places of worship we have respect of persons.
For if there come into our assemblies a man with
a gold ring and in goodly apparel, and there come
in also a poor man in vile raiment, and we have re
spect to him that weareth the gay clothing, and say
unto him, sit thou here in a good place; and say
unto the poor man, stand thou there, are we not par
tial in ourselves ? We are happy in being able to
state that the rector and parishoners of St. George
are making most praiseworthy efforts to erect a
building that will supply this defect, and at the same
time be a suitable offering to God, and a beautiful
ornament to the town. There are those who say.

ST. GEOEGE S PAEISH. 53
that God is a Spirit, and if worshipped in spirit and
in truth, this may be done as acceptably in oue place
as aaother. This, ia a certaia important sense, is
true, and yet holy men of old, as well under the law
as under the gospel, moved either by the express
command of God or by the secret inspiration of his
spirit, and acting agreeably to their own reason and
sense of the natural decency of things, have erected
houses of worship, and separated them from all
worldly uses, in order to fill men's minds with greater
reverence for his glorious Majesty, and affect their
hearts with more devotion in his service; which
pious works have been approved and graciously ac
cepted by our heavenly Father.*
Again there are some Christian people who think
that they may very consisteatly dwell ia houses of
cedar, may clothe themselves in purple aud fiae linen,
and fare sumptuously every day, and that any house
is good enough for God. Such was not the opinion
of David, the man after God's own heart, who said,
with a feeling of shame, " See, now I dwell in a
house of cedar, but the ark of God dwelleth in cur
tains." And Solomon, the wisest of men, executed
his father's pious design, and built a house for God
at an immense cost, and of the rarest and most pre
cious materials. And God hallowed the work, per
vading it with his presence, and filling it with his
visible glory.
We trust that the parishoners of St. George wiU
go on in the good work which they have begun, and
* Office of Consecration.

54 A HISTOET OF ST. GEOEGE's PAEISH.
build such a house for God as will fill men's minds
with greater reverence for his glorious Majesty — as
will be a fit monument of their thankfulness for the
great things which God has done for them — a suit
able reward to their venerable pastor for his life
long devotion to their service — a temple into whose
gates their children and children's children may enter
with thanksgiving, and worship the God of their
fathers in the burning words of our old Liturgy.

The following votes of thanks by the Vestry were omitted under
their proper heads :
1789. To Dr. Ch. Mortimer, for an organ.
1818. To Wm. A. Knox, for an ornamental chandelier.
1827. To John Gray, for handsome service of plate for Com
munion table.
1829. To Bazil Gordon, for baptismal font.
1845. A rector's library was established by the congregation,
for the use of the successive pastors of the church.

APPENDIX.

APPENDIX

AN ACCOUNT OF GOVBENOE SPOTSWOOD'S
EXPEDITION TO THE MOUNTAINS.
By the Rev. Hugh Jones, A Contempoeaey Histoeian.
"Go^vEENOE Spotswood, when he undertook the great
•discovery of a passage over the moimtains, attended
with a sufficient guard of pioneers and gentlemen, ¦with
a supply of pro-visions, passed these mountains and cut
his Majesty's name upon a rock upon the highest of them,
naming it Mt. George, and in complaisance to him, the
gentlemen called the mountain next to it Mt. Alexander.
For this expedition, they were obliged to pro-vide a great
quantity of horse-shoes, things seldom used in the east-
em parts of Virginia, where there are no stones. Upon
which account, the Governor upon his return presented
each of his companions with a golden horse-shoe, some
of which I have seen, covered with valuable stones, re-
sembhng heads of naUs, with the inscription on one side,
'Sic juvat trancendere montes.' This he instituted to
encourage gentlemen to venture backward and make
discoveries and settlements, any gentlemen being en
titled to wear this golden shoe who could prove that he
had drank his Majesty's health on Mt. George. He
built a fort caUed Fort Christina, not so far back, where
I have seen seventy-seven Indian children at school at a
time at the Governor's sole expense. The children

58 APPENDIX.
could read and say their catechism and prayers tolerably
weU. But this pious design being laid aside through
opposition of pride and interest, Mr Griffin was removed
to the coUege to teach the Indians placed there by the
benefactions of Mr. Boyle. The Indians so loved and
adored him, that I have seen them hft him up in their
arms, and they would have chosen him king of the Sa-
poney nation."

THE SPOTSWOOD GENEALOGY.

The foUowing genealogy is given upon the authority
of a venerable lady (stiU li-ving), who is the granddaugh
ter of Lady Spotswood.
Governor Spotswood married a Miss Brayne, in Eng
land. He had two sons, Robert and John. Eobert
(not John, as is said by Dr. Caruthers) was supposed to
have been killed by the Indians. John married Miss
Dandridge, and was the father of General Alexander
and John Spotswood, of the revolution.
The Governor had two daughters, Kate and Dorothea,
the former of whom married a Mr. Moore, and the latter
a Dandridge. The Indian woman, called Wirgina by some authors,
was named Catena. After Governor Spotswood's death,
she hved with General Alexander Spotswood, of New-
post, and then with Francis Thornton, of Fall HiU,
where she died and was buried. When the family
passed Germanna on their way to Culpeper, Catena

APPPENDIX. 59
would leave the carriage and wander over the scenes of
her youth. She nursed General Alexander Spotswood,
and whenever he met her in after hfe, he would throw
his arms about her and embrace her.
Lady Spotswood, the Governor's widow, married the
Eev. Mr. Thompson, of Culpeper, who was a very hand
some and accomphshed gentleman. Lady Spotswood
had been induced to break an engagement -with Mr.
Thompson, upon the ground that it would be a diminu
tion of her honor and the dignity of her famUy to marry
a person in the station of a clergyman. To remove this
objection the foUowing letter was written, which is now
pubhshed as a hterary curiosity, as weU as for the grati
fication of the numerous relatives of the distinguished
couple.''' "Madam, "By diligently perusing your letter, I perceive there
is a material argument, which I ought to have answered;
upon w'^'^ your strongest objection, against compleating
my happiness would seem to depend, viz. That you
wou'd incur y® censures of y® world for marrying a per
son of my station and character. By which I under
stand that you think it a diminution to your honor and
y8 Dignity of your Family to marry a person in y« sta
tion of a Clergyman. Now, if I can make it appear that
y« ministerial office is an employment, in its nature y'=
most honorable, and in its effects y^ most beneficial to
mankind, I hope your objections wUl immediately van
ish, y* you -will keep me no longer in suspense, and
misery, but consummate my happiness.
"I make no doubt. Madam, but y* you -wiU readily
• I am indebted for the original letter to Mr. Murray Forbes, of
Falmouth, who is allied by marriage to the famUy.

60 APPENDIX.
grant y* no man can be employed in any work more hon
orable, than what immediately relates to y"= King of
Kings and Lord of Lords, and to y^ salvation of souls,
immortal in theh nature and redeemed by the Blood of
the Son of God. The powers committed to their care
caimot be exercised by y* greatest Princes of
Heb. earth, and it is y'= same work in kind and in y*
i. 14. same in the Design of it, w*'' y* of y" blessed
Angels, who are ministering spirits for those who
shaU be Heirs of Salvation. It is the same Business y* y*
Son of God discharged when he condescended to dweU
amongst men. Which engages men in y^ greatest acts of
doing Good, in turning sinners from j" errors of their
ways, and by aU wise and prudent Means, in gaining souls
unto God. And the faithful and diligent Discharge of
this holy Function gives a Title to y^ highest Degree of
Glory in the next world ; for they y* be wise, shaU
Daniel, shine as y^ brightness of y'' Firmament, and
xii. 3. they y* turn many to Eighteousness as y* stars
for ever and ever.
"All nations, whether learned or ignorant, whether
civil or barbarous, have agreed in this as a dictate of
natural Eeason, to express their Eeverence for y^ Deity,
and their Affection to EeUgion, by bestowing extraordi
nary Pri-vileges of Honour upon such as administer in
holy things, and by providing hberaUy for then- Main
tenance. And y* y"* Honor due to the holy Fimction
flows from y'^ Law of Nature, appear^ from hence: y' in
ys earliest Times y"* civil and sacred Authority were
united in the same Person. Thus Melchisedeck was
King- and Priest of Salem; and among y^ Egyp-
Mn. 3. tians y""- Priesthood was joined with y« Crown.
The Greeks accounted y® Priesthood of equal
Dignity with Kingship ; ^"^ is taken notice of by Aristo-

APPENDIX. 61
tie in several places of his pohticks. And among y«
Latins we have a Testimony from VirgU, y* at
Ex. y" same time Anias was both Priest and King.
xxiv. 6. Nay, Moses himseM, who was Prince of Israel
before Aaron was consecrated, officiated as
Priest in y* solemn sacrifice by w°^ y"= Covenant with Is
rael was confirmed.
"And y" primitive Christians always expressed a mighty
value and esteem for their Clergy, as plainly appears by
Ecclesiastical History. And even in our Days, as bad
as j^ World is, those of y« Clergy who hve up to y''
Dignity of theh profession, are generally reverenced and
esteemed by aU religious and weU disposed Men.
"From aU which, it evidently appears, y* in aU Ages
and Nations of y« World, whether Jews, Heathens, or
Christians, great Honour and Dignity has been always
conferred upon y^ Clergy. And therefore, Dear Madam,
from hence you may infer how absurd and ridiculous,
those Gentlemen's Notions are, who wou'd fain persuade
you y* marrying with y^ Clergy wou'd derogate from y"
Honour and Dignity of your FamUy. Whereas, in strict
reasoning the contrary thereof wou'd rather appear, and
y* it would very much tend to support y® Honour and
Dignity of it. Of this, I hope you'U be better convinced,
when you consider the Titles of Honour and Eespect
y* are given to those who are invested w*^ y^ ministerial
Function amply displayed in y^ Scriptures. Those in
vested w'^y* character are caUed y^ Ministers of Christ,
Stewards of y« Mysteries of God, to whom they have com
mitted y^ Word of Reconcihation, y® Glory of Christ,
Ambassadors for Christ, in Christ's stead, Co-workers
-with him. Angels of the Churches. And when it is
moreover declared y* whosoever despiseth them, depiseth
not Man but God. AU which Titles shew y* upon many

62 APPENDIX.
accounts they stand called, appropriated and devoted to
God himself. And therefore, if a Gentleman of this
sacred and honourable character should be married to a
Lady, though of y"^ greatest extraction and most exceUent
personal qualities (which I'm sensible you're endowed
-vdth), can be no disgrace to her, nor her f amUy, nor
draw y^ censures of y'^ world upon either, for such an ac
tion. And therefore D"^ Madam, your argument being
refuted you can no longer consistently refuse to consum
mate my happiness.
JOHN THOMPSON."
3Iay, 174:2.

EXECUTIVES OF VIEGINIA, 1710-1775.

1710, June 23, — Col. Alexander Spotswood, Lieutenant-
Governor.
1723, Sept. 27. — Hugh Drysdale, Lieutenant-Governor;
died July 22, 1726.
1726, July 22.— Col. Eobert Carter, President of the
Council. Acting Lieutenant-Governor.
1727, Oct. 23. — Sir WUliam Gooch, Lieutenant-Governor.
1740. — Between September 16, and December 5, land
patents signed respectively by Sir Wm. Gooch
and James Blair, D. D., the latter as President of
the Council, are of record; the latter was acting
Lieutenant-Governor during tho absence of Sir
"Will. Gooch, in command of the expedition
against Carthagena. The last patent signed
by James Blair, was ou Julj^ 25, 1741.

APPENDIX. 63
1741, July.— Sh Wm. Gooch.
1741, June 20. — John Eobinson, President of the Coun
cU, Acting Lieutenant-Governor; died, 1751.
1751, Feb.- — Lewis BurweU, President of the CouncU,
Acting Lieutenant-Governor.
1751, Nov. 20. — Eobert Dinwiddie, Lieutenant-Governor.
1758, Jan. — John Blair, President of the CouncU, Act
ing Lieutenant-Governor.
1758, June 7, — Francis Fauquier, Lieutenant-Governor,
appointed February 10, 1758.
1767, Sept. 11.— John Blair, President of the CouncU,
Acting Lieutenant-Governor.
1768, Oct. 28. — Norbourne Berkley, Baron de Botetourt,
Governor, died October 15, 1770.
1770, Oct. 15. — WUliam Nelson, President of the Coun
cU, Acting Governor.
1771, Aug. — John Murray, Earl of Dunmore, Governor;
appointed July 1771 ; fled June 1775 from the
seat of Government.

SUCCESSION OF VESTEYMEN OP ST. GEOEGE'S
PAEISH,
From 1726 to 1847.

(Tlie name of each Member is meerted, -with the date of his first election.)
1725-6.
Augustine Smith, WUliam Hansford,
WilUam Grayson, H. Sharpe,
John Waller, John Taliaferro.
Thomas Chew, 1726-7.
George Wheatle, Francis Thornton.

64

APPENDIX.

Church Wardens.

1728.
Goodrich Lightf oot.
Larkin Chew,
Z. Lewis,
Hon. John Robinson.
March, 1728-9.
Henry Beverley. 1729.
Ambrose Grayson. 1731.
Henry Beverley,
Edward Hickman. 1732.
John Chew,
F. Taliaferro, I 1733.
John WaUer, Jr. 1739.
Wm. Robinson. 1741.
Rice Curtis,
WUliam Battaley,
John Taliaferro, Jr.,
{vice, J. T., deceased.)
1741.
Richard Tutt,
(vice, Grayson, deceased,)
John Thornton,
Rice Curtis, Jr., 1745.
Wm. Waller. 1746.
Edward Herndon, (collector.)
1749.
Robert Jackson. 1751.
John Spotswood. 1753.
Fielding Lewis.

1757.
Joseph Brock. 1759.
Roger Dixon,
Richard Brooke,
Charles Lewis. 1760.
Charles Carter. 1762.
John Lewis. 1766.
Charles Washington,
Wm. Dangerfield. 1768.
Charles Dick,
Joseph Jones,
Edward Herndon. 1770.
Thomas Fox,
Lewis WiUis,
Thomas Colston,
Thomas Minor,
Michael Robinson,
WUliam Wood,
James Tutt. 1779.
Maun Page. 1780.
George Thornton. 1784.
Thomas Strachan,
John Chew,
John Steward,
Thomas Crutcher,
D. Branham,
John Julian. 1785.
J. W. WUUs,
James Lewis,

APPENDIX.

65.

G. Stubblefield,
Benjamin BaUard,
Thomas Sharpe. 1787.
John Legg,
Charles Mortimer,
Charles Urquhart,
Benjamin Day. 1789.
Francis Thornton, Jr.,
George Weedon,
Ed. Carter,
R. B. Chew,
George French,
W. S. Stone. 1790.
John Herndon,
Thomas Strachan,
Ed. Herndon,
Beverley Stubblefield,
John Welch,
Edward Herndon, Jr.,
John Wright. 1791.
WUliam Stanard. 1793.
WiUiam Lovell,
Charles Yates,
David Blair,
Samuel Greenhow,
Fontaine Maury. 1794.
EUsha Hall. 1802.
James Brown,
William Taylor,
John Chew,
Hugh Mercer,
Godlove HeiskeU,
Thomas Good-wyn, S

William Smith,
Robert Patton,
David Henderson,
David C. Ker. 1803.
Jacob Kuhn. 1805.
John Minor. 1806.
Charles L. Carter. 1808.
WiUiam S. Stone,
Benj amid Botts,
John Scott,
John Lewis. 1809.
Dabney Herndon,
John Taliaferro,
Z. Lucas,
Robert Wellford, M. D.,
James Smock. 1810.
John Smith, Jr. ,
WUUam Bernard,
G. W. B. Spooner,
James Carmichael, M. D.,
Horace Marshall. 1811.
Robert S. Chew,
Francis Taliaferro. 1813.
Robert Lewis. 1814.
Churchill Jones,
George HamUton,
John MundeU,
Alexander F. Rose,
R. Johnston,
John Crump,
Charles Austin.

66

APPENDIX.

1815.
WiUiam A, Knox. 1816.
John Gray,
R. T. Thorn,
John Hart,
WilUam F. Gray,
WUliam Storke,
F. J. Wyatt. 1820.
John Metcalfe. 1821.
John T. Lomax.
H. O. Middleton. 1823.
Larkin Johnston. 1624.
George Rothrock, Jr.,
Yeamans Smith. 1826.
Thomas H. Hanson. 1828.
Archibald Hart,
(vice, Robert Lewis.)

John Coakley.
Reuben T. Thom.j
Thomas F. Knox.t
James Cooke.
WilUam Pollock.
J. J. Young.

1829.
WiUiam M. Blackford,
(vice, H. Mercer.) 1881.
G. W. Basset,
(vice, A. Hart,)
Murray Forbes,
(vice, W. A. Knox.) 1834.
E. H. Carmichael. 1836.
Thomas F. Knox. 1837.
R. B. Maury. 1839.
John Coakley. 1843.
James Cooke. 1844.
R. C. L. Moncure. 1845.
WiUiam PoUock. 1847.
J. B. Picklen.
1847 to 1865.*
John F. Scott.
F. W. Johnston.
Alexander K Phillips.
Elliott M. Braxton.
WiUiam T. Hart.
Monroe Kelly.

* The editor, upon application to the officers of the church, was informed
that the vestry-booli for the period 1847-1865 had been lost, but he was kindly
supplied with the above comprehensive list, by Mr. David Sterling Forbes,
to whom he is also indebted for subsequent data to the present time. The
elections for vestrymen were held annually on Easter Monday.
t Reuben T. Thom, was first elected in 1816. He died, May 7, 1868, having
seired fifty-two years in the vestry.
X Thomas F. Knox, was fiirst elected in 1836. He died June 24, 1890, havinf^
jserved fifty-four years, and as Senior Warden from July 9, 1874:.

APPENDIX.

67

Douglas H. Gordon.
Dr. Brodie S. Herndon.
R. C. L. Moncure.
W. S. Barton.
Murray Forbes.*
J. B. Ficklen.
Montgomery Slaughter.
John R. Taylor.
Robert Minor.
John S. Hayes.
John Waterhouse.
WUliam Henry Fitzhugh,

Dr. W. S. Scott.
Charles E Tackett.
Horace B. HaU.
J. Temple DosweU.
A. WeUington Wallace.
H. S. Doggett.
J. F. Thompson.
J. Arthur Taylor.
David Sterling Forbes.
A. B. Tapscott.
P. P. Burr.
John G. Mason.
Robert T. Knox.

AprU 17, 1865.
Reuben T. Thom, Senior Warden.
John S Hayes, Junior Warden.
WUliam Pollock.
James Cooke.
Thomas F. Knox.
John Coakley.
Douglas H. Gordon.
Joseph B. Ficklen.
John James Young.
Montgomery Slaughter.
Dr. John R. Taylor.
Dr. Brodie S. Herndon,
Treasurer and Registrar.

AprU 21, 1865.
WUliam T. Hart,
(vice, John Coakley, resigned.)
July, 1865.
Alexander K. Phillips
(vice. Dr. James Cooke.)
August 16, 1865.
John Coakley,
(vice, Dr. John R. Taylor.
August 28, 1865.
Dr. Fayette W. Johnstone,
(vice, Wm. Pollock, deceased.)
AprU 9, 1866.
Captain Robert D. Minor.
John Waterhouse, new member.

*At a meeting of the vestry, held February 10, 1864, the following pre
amble and resolutions were adopted :
"Whereas, it has pleased the Great Head of the Church, to remove from our
midst, one among the oldest and most venerable members of our vestry,
Murray Forbes, Esq. Therefore
Eesolved, That we, the wardens of St. George's Church, do hereby place
upon record our high appreciation of his worth, as a wise and judicious ad
viser for the welfare of the Church, and that while we deplore his loss, we
yet entertain the strong assurance of his acceptance with the Divine Master.
B. T. Thom,
John Coakley. Wardejit.
Murray Forbes was the father of the late Hon. John Murray Forbes, of
Warrenton, Va., and of David Sterling Forbes, Esq.

68 APPENDIX.
AprU 22, 1866. AprU 17, 1876.
WilUam H. Fitzhugh, Dr. James F. Thompson,
Wm. S. Barton, new members. Horace B. Hall, new member.
June 7, 1866. AprU 21, 1877.
Dr. James Cooke, vice. Captain Dr. J. F. Thompson, Registrar.
R. D. Minor, removed from Hon. E. M. Braxton, resigned.
Fredericksburg. August 6, 1877.
May 11, 1868. Hugh S. Doggett, (vice, Dr. F. W.
John F. Scott, Johnstone, resigned. )
(vice, R. T. Thom.) Hon. E. M. Braxton, (vice, W. H.
Nov. 30, 1868. Fitzhugh, resigned.
Wm. Henry Fitzhugh, Warden. John James Young, Treasurer.
March 29, 1869. October 1, 1877.
John Coakley, Senior Warden. Major J. T. DosweU, (vice, W. S.
Wm. H. Fitzhugh, Junior War- Barton, resigned.)
den. November 5, 1877.
F. W. Johnstone, Treasurer. Marshall C. Hall, Treasurer, (mc^,
Hon. R. C. L. Moncure, new John J. Young, resigned. )
member.' December 3, 1877.
1871. A. Wellington Wallace,
Major Elliott M. Braxton, new (vice, Monroe Kelley.)
member. AprU 18, 1881.
AprU 13, 1874. J. Arthur Taylor, (vice, A. Wel-
Monroe Kelly, of Falmouth, (vice, lington Wallace, resigned. )
J. B. Ficklen, Sr., deceased.) AprU 10, 1882.
Dr. Wm. S. Soott, (vice. Dr. Jas. David SterUng Forbes, (vice, J. B.
Cooke, deceased.) Ficklen, Jr., resigned.
Charles E. Tackett, (vice, John Aubin D. Tapscott, new member.
Coakley, deceased, July, 1874.) March 26, 1883.
April 3, 1875. Judge A. WeUington Wallace.
Thomas F. Knox, Senior War- Peter P. Burr, new member.
den. AprU 4, 1884.
John J. Young, Junior Warden. Douglas H. Knox, (vice, M. C.
F. W. Johnstone, Treasurer. Hall, resigned.)
Monroe KeUey, Registrar. April 11, 1887.
J. B. Ficklen, Jr., John G. Mason, (vice, P. P. Burr,
(vice, Wm. H. Fitzhugh.) died, August 20, 1866.)
• Died, August 26, 1882.

APPENDIX. 69
AprU 2, 1888. Robert T. Knox, Junior Warden,
Robert T. Knox, (vice, John G. also Chairman of Committee of
Mason, resigned.) AiTangements for the 95th
AprU 7, 1890. CouncU of the Protestant Epis-
John James Young, Senior War- copal Church of Yirginia, held
den, (vice, Thomas Fitzhugh in St. George's Church.
Knox,* resigned.)

The foUowing votes of thanks by the 'Vestry, are of record :
March 4, 1878. To Mrs. Ann EUza Fitzhugh Ficklen, for a
gift of $500. 00, towards painting the exterior of the church.
March 3, 1880. To Mrs. Agnes Gordon Knox Soutter,* New
York City, for a handsome surplice.
To Major J. T. DosweU, for a beautiful black walnut case for
the Communion Plate.
•Thomas Fitzhugh Knos, had been paralyzed in December, 1889. His
resignation was through his sons, as follows :
" Our father desires us to say to the vestry, that he does not wish them any
longer to bestow empty privileges upon him, but to elect some one else in his
place, who can attend to the meetings, and actively serve the church, which
his age and feebleness forbid his doing. With deepest love and interest for
St. George's, kindest feelings to aU of the vestry and people, and the highest
appreciation and affection for its faithful and able pastor. Rev. John K. Mason,
and the earnest hope that he may long be a blessing and honour to our congre
gation, he sunders the tie of 64 years standing. [He was elected Easter,
1836]. Asking God's guidance and blessing on the vestry, now and always.
K. T. Knox,
Jaites S. Knox."
The resignation of the venerable vestryman was received and Major J. T,
DosweU appointed to communicate to him the expression of the Vestry of
their heartfelt appreciation of his long and faithful services, and their tender
regard for him personally.
tMrs. Agnes Gordon Knox Soutter, is the daughter of William A. Knox,
Esq., formerly Senior Warden of St. George's Church, and m which she took
. her first communion, in 1843.

70 APPENDIX.
LAY DELEGATES TO THE CONVENTION,
From 1785 to 1890.

1785.— Joseph Brock. 1826.— Yeaman Smith.
1787.— Thomas Ryan. 1827.— John Gray.
1789.— Francis Thornton, Jr. 1828.— WUliam M. Blackford.
— John Legg. 1829. — John Gray.
1791.— Lewis Willis. 1830.— John Gray.
1796.— WiUiam LoveU. 1831.— John Gray.
1812.— WUUam S. Stone. 1832.— G. W. Bassett.
1814.— Hugh Mercer. 1833.— G. W. Bassett.
1815. — Benjamin Day. 1834. — John Gray.
1816.— WUUam A. Knox. 1835.— John Gray.
1817.— Benjamin Day. 1936.— R. T. Thom.
1818.— Robert Lewis. 1837.— John Gray.
1819 —John Gray. 1838.— John Gray.
1820.— Robert Lewis. 1839.— John Gray.
1821.— Williams. Stone. 1841.— John Metcalfe.
1822.— Hugh Mercer. 1842.— John Gray.
1823.— Robert Lewis. 1843.— WUUam PoUock.
1824.— Yeaman Smith. 1844. —William Pollock.
1825.— George HamUton. 1845.— WUUam PoUock.
1846.*— William PoUock.
1866.— J. B. Ficklen, Alexandria.
1867.— W. S. Barton, Staunton.
1868. — John Coakley, Lynchburg.
1869. — R. C. L. Moncure, Fredericksburg.
1870.— J. B. Ficklen, Norfolk.
1873.— R. C. L. Moncure, Wiochester.
1874.— R. C. L. Moncure, Charlottesville.
1875.— W. S. Barton, Richmond.
1876. — F. W. Johnstone, Alexandria.
1877. — Alexander K. PhilUps, Staunton.
1878. — Alexander K. Phillips, Lynchburg.
1879. — R. 0. L. Moncure, Fredericksburg.
•The Church has no lists of the Lay Delegates to the Conventions tiots.
1847 to 1866, since which period, the places in which the Conventions have
been held are also given.

APPENDIX. 71

1880.— R. C. L. Moncure, Petersburg.
1881.— Horace B. HaU, DanviUe.
1882.— Horace B. HaU, Norfolk.
1883.— Thomas F. Knox, Richmond.
1884.- Thomas F. Knox, Winchester.
1885. — Horace B. HaU, Richmond.
1886.— David S. Forbes, Charlottesville.
1887. — Hugh S. Doggett, Alexandria.
1888. — Aubin D. Tapscott, Staunton.
1889. — Aubin D. Tapscott, Lynchburg,
1890.— A. W. Wallace, Fredericksburg.

TRINITY CHURCH,
ST. GEORGE'S PARISH.*

Trinity Church, Fredericksburg, Va., was organized
on the 7th day of July, 1877; the foUowing committee
being chosen for that purpose, -viz :
Judge W. S. Barton, Judge J. B. Jett, Geo. B. Scott,
John L. Stansbury, Geo. B. Pearson, E. B. Shepherd,
John P. Tackett, John S. Berry, Dr. John E. Taylor,
Wm. K. Howard, Monroe KeUey, P. W. Johnston, W. E.
Mason. F. W. Johnston was appointed Secretaiy.
The Eev. E. C. Murdaugh, D. D., was invited, and ac
cepted charge of the congregation, and continued its
Eector up to the time of his death, which occurred on
the 6th of November, 1886.
The congregation of Trinity leased from the Method
ists the buUding known as Hanover Church for the term
of two years from 7th August, 1887, free of rent, on
condition that aU necessary repairs be made by said con
gregation. Di-vine service was celebrated for the iirst time on
Sunday morning, 12th August, 1877. The Church was
admitted into the Diocese at the Lynchburg Convention,
May, 1878. The present church, a new one, was erected
and opened for divine service for the first time, on
* This account has been kindly furnished by George B. Pearson
Esq., one of the founders, and the present Treasui-er of Truiity
Church.

TRINITY OHUECH, ST GEOEGe's PAEISH. 73
Christmas day, 1881. After the death of the Eev. E. O.
Murdaugh, D. D., the Eev. J. G. Shackleford was elected
on the 7th March, 1887, to fiU the vacancy. He accepted,
and took charge on the 1st of May, 1887, at which time
the church was burdened with a debt of $3,000. Through
the energy and zeal of this earnest sei-vant of God, as
sisted by the ladies of the congregation, this debt was
hquidated, and the church consecrated on the 12th of
February, 1890, by the Eight Eev. Francis M. Whittle,
D. D., LL. D., a large congregation being present. The
Eev. J. G. Shackleford resigned his charge on the 14th
of February, 1890, to accept a caU tendered from Fre
mont, Ohio, since which time the church has been with
out a rector.
LIST OF VESTEYMEN TO DATE.
Judge J. B. Jett, Geo. B. Scott, John L. Stansbury,
Judge Wm. S. Barton, E. B. Shepherd, F. W. Johnston,
W. Key Howard, Dr. John E. Taylor, John F. Tackett,
Geo. B. Pearson, Monroe KeUey, John S. Berry, W. R.
Mason, Wm. B. Goodrich, Wm. G. Turner, Ohver Wat
son, W. H. Eichards, Judge Henry Souther, J. D. Mur
daugh, John F. Scott.
LIST OF LAY-DELEGATES.
Judge Wm. S. Barton, Judge J. B. Jett, Lynchburg,
1878.
Judge Wm. S. Barton, Dr. Jqhn E. Taylor, Fredericks
burg, 1879."
Judge Wm. S. Barton, Judge J. B. Jett, Petersburg,
1880.
Judge Wm. S. Barton, Monroe KeUey, Dan-viUe, 1881.
Judge Wm. S. Barton, Monroe KeUey, NorfoUi, 1882.
Judge Wm. S. Barton, Monroe KeUey, Eichmond, 1883.

74 TEINITT CHUECH, ST. GEOEGE's PAEISH.
Judge Wm. S. Barton, W. Key Howard, Winchester,
1884.
Judge Wm. S.^ Barton, W. Key Howard, Eichmond,
1885.
Judge Wm. S. Barton, Monroe KeUey, CharlottesvUle,
1886.
Judge Wm. S. Barton, John L. Stansbury, Alexandria,
1887.
Judge Wm. S. Barton, John S. Berry, Staimton, 1888.
Judge Wm. S. Barton, John S. Berry, Lynchburg, 1889.
Judge Wm. S. Barton, W. Key Howard, Fredericks
burg, 1890.

INDEX.

INDEX.

African Colonization, Efforts of
Dr. Slaughter for, xu.
Bacon's RebeUion, 3.
Brock, Col. Joseph, x, 21, 64,
70.
Burbridge's Bridge, Church
near, 22.
Byrd, Col. Wm. His Visit to
Fredericksburg, 10.
Carter, Miss Sophia, Benefac
tion of, 29.
Colston, Thomas, Bequest of,
to St. George's Parish, 34.
DosweU, Major J. T., 68, 69.
Episcopal Church, Causes Af
fecting it after the Revolu
tionary War, 38.
Executives of Virginia, 1710-
1776, 62.
Ficklen, Mrs. Ann Eliza Fitz
hugh, Gift of, 69.
Forbes, David SterUng, 66.
Forbes, John Murray, 67.
Forbes, Murray, Resolutions
of Respect to, 70.
Fredericksburg, Visit of Capt.
John Smith to, 1 ; Founding
of, 9; First Church in, 12;
Mention of, 14; Church
yard of, 22; Female School
Founded at, by Miss Sophia
Carter, 29.

Germanna Settlement, 4, 7.
Gifts to the Church, 34, 54, 69.
Grayson, Rev. John, 6.
Grayson, Col. WilUam, 6.
Jones, Captain Cadwalader, ix.
Kenner, Rev. Rodham, An
cestry of, 11.
Knox, Thomas Fitzhugh, Ser
vices of, 66, 69.
Lay Delegates to the Episco
pal Convention, 1785-1890,
71.
Low, Rev. Samuel, 34.
McGuire, Rev. E. C, D. D., 39.
Marye, Rev. James, Notice of,
19.
Mercer, Gen. Hugh, 21.
Minor, Rev. Launcelot Byrd,
Notice of, 46,
Moore, Bishop R. C, 41.
Mortimer, Dr. Charles, 24.
Murdaugh, Rev. E. C, D. D.,
72.
Pearson, George B., 72.
Rectors of St. George's Parish
and of St. Paul's Church, vi;
of Trinity Church, 72, 73.
Religious Privileges, 16.
St. George's Parish, First Ves
try of, 6 ; Account of Annual
Expenses, 18; First Church
Bell of, 18; Ministers and

78

INDEX.

Missionaries from, 44; Gifts
to, 34, 54, 69 ; Vestrymen of,
63 ; Lay Delegates from,
70.
St. Paul's Church, Building of,
40; Progress of, 51.
Savage, Mrs. Susan, Notice of,
45.
Semmes, Dr. Thomas, xvii.
Slafter, Rev. Edmund F., A.
M., D. D., ix.
Slaughter — Orthography and
Pronunciation of the Family
Name, ix.
Slaughter, Capt. Philip, Revo
lutionary Services of, x.
Slaughter, Rev. PhUip, D. D.,
Biographical Sketch of, viii ;
Oratorical Gift of, xii; Min
istrations of, to Confederate
Soldiers, xiii; Characteristics
of, xiv; Resolutions of Re
spect to, XV ; List of Publi
cations of, xviii.
Smith, Capt. John, 1.
Smith, Capt. Lawrence, 2.

Spotswood, Governor : His tra
montane Expedition, 3, 57.
Spotswood Genealogy, 58.
Stevenson, Rev. James, 28;
Death of, 32; Descendants
of, 33.
Strebeck, Rev. George, 35.
Sun-dials, 19.
Thompson, Rev. John, Letter
of, to Lady Spotswood, 57.
Thornton, Rev. Thomas, No
tice of, 26.
Trinity Church, History of, 72;
Ministers of, 72, 73; Vestry
men of, 73; Lay Delegates
from, 73.
Vestrymen of St. George's Par
ish, 1726-1890, 63.
Virginia Executives, 1710-1776,
62.
Washington, George, Visit of,
to his Mother in Fredericks
burg, 25.
Waugh, Rev. Abner, 33.
WUlis, Col. Henry, 10.
WoodvUle, Rev. George, 28.

FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS.

Order is heaven's first law. — Popb.
A majority of mankind dig their graves with their teeth. — Ean-
DOUH. He tried the luxury of doing good. — Cbabbe.
My friends, lead a good life, and merit heaven. — Pope Pics IX.
The PhUosopher's stone is, pay as you go. — Rakdolpb.
Truth crushed to earth, shall rise again. — Bbtant.
He tempers the wind to the shorn lamb. — Stebne.
"Where ignorance is bliss, 'tis folly to be wise. — Gbat.
Just men alone are free, the rest are slaves. — Chapin.
A fat kitchen leaves a lean wiU. — Rakuolph.
Blessings on him who invented sleep. — Sancho Panza.
A fool must now and then be right by chance. — Cowpee.
'Tis best to educate the heart before the head. — Randoijph.
A wise and good mother is a child's best friend. — Randolph.
A man can do without money and books, but a civiUzed man
can't do -without cooks. — Lucni-E.
Any one who ridicules or abuses your religion, is your worst
enemy. — Randolph.
And still the wonder grew that one small head could carry all
he knew. — Goldsmith.
No man or woman is good or bad at all times. It depends upon
circumstances. — Randolph.
A proverb tells us that most men are physicians or fools at forty,
and sometimes both. — Randolph.
Public or private education, -without pure religion, ^ good morals
and manners, is a great evil. — Randolph.
AU young wives should ask their husbands to smoke a pipe-
He cannot quarrel while smoking. — Randolph.
Bat for doing great injustice to the fishes, I would recommend
that all medicine be poured into the sea. — De. Holmes.
Our Saviour said, "Where two or three are gathered together
iu my name, there am I in the midst of them." — Matthew, ch.
rviu. 20.
Over-eating, ice-wnter, ice^tea send ice-cream, are the causes of
more sickness and death than brandy, rum, whiskey, or -wine.—
Randolph. Fools are those who work hard to make money and oppress the
poor, instead of helping the sick and needy, and by so doing merit
heaven — Randolph.
A physician is usually an educated gentleman, who takes medi
cine of which he knows little, and pours into a body of which he
knows less, to cure a disease of which he knows nothing. — 'Vol-
TAIEE.

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