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BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME
OF THE
Henry W. Scott, Jr. Fund

Pimbleys
Dictionary of Heraldry

TOGETHER WITH AN

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT

By
ARTHUR FRANCIS PIMBLEY

BALTIMORE:
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR
1908

COPYRIGHT, 1908,
By ARTHUR FRANCIS PIMBLEY.

PREFACE.
Armorial bearings, at first personal and afterward becoming
hereditary, were supposed to have lost their usefulness with the
fading of the age of chivalry. Their real use and importance, it is
true, died with the passing of the armor-incased knight; neverthe
less, heraldry remains a live institution, and will so continue as
long as civilization and refinement last. If. any doubt is felt of its
vitality, we have but to view the evidence of it in the New World.
For instance, the design of our national emblem, the Stars and
Stripes, is taken from the arms of the immortal George Washing
ton, who bore "Argent, two bar gules, in chief three mullets of the
second." The arms of the State of Maryland are those of the
Calverts, Barons of Baltimore and sometime Lords Proprietary of
the Province of Maryland. Other States have adopted armorial
bearings peculiar to their location or resources, such as the Indian
and cactus of Florida, the badger of Wisconsin, the wheat field of
Iowa and the mining implements of Colorado. In America also we
have a large number of genealogical and hereditary societies.
There is likewise a wide and general desire on the part of Americans
to trace their pedigrees to their Old World ancestors, and to assume
the arms belonging to them.
This ever-increasing interest in. heraldry in the New World, as
well as the scarcity of modern works on subjects heraldric, have
induced the author to publish a work containing all the words,
phrases, terms and tinctures belonging to the study of heraldry,
together with a proper division or classification of arms, rules of
blazonry, illustrations of the principal armorial bearings, different
forms of the shield, etc.
The Author.

PREFATORY NOTES.
In the Dictionary of Heraldry the definitions are given
as briefly as possible consistent with their completeness, and set
forth in as plain and simple form as the subject will permit, techni
cal terms being done away with so far as practicable, and few
abbreviations being used.
The author has attempted to trace the etymological history of
each word, and when this proved futile the form of orthography
adopted has been that recognized by the College of Arms.
It has been said by some writers that "there is no standard of
pronunciation." The highest authority is the one in vogue, and
the author has adopted the current pronunciation for the standard.
In the case of compound words, they will be found under the
first element of the compound. For example, Arms of Adoption
will be found under Arms; counter-vair under Counter, instead of
after Counterpointe.
A word described as French does not mean merely that it is
from the French. As a matter of fact, nearly every word in
9
heraldry is French or of French origin. A French word, however,
having an equivalent in English is marked thus: [French]. For
example, Dgmembre' in English blazonry would be Dismembered.

ABBREVIATIONS.

Arg. — Argent.
An. — Azure.
Bart., Bt. — Baronet.
G. B. — Companion of the Bath.
C. D. 8. O. — Companion of the Distinguished
Service Order.
Chap. — Chapter.
O. I. — Order of the Crown of India.
C. I. E. — Companion of the Order of the
Indian Empire.
C. M. G. — Companion of the Order of St.
Michael and St. George.
C. R. — Keeper of the Rolls.
C. 8. — Clerk of the Signet.
C. 8. I. — Companion of the Star of India.
Er. — Ermine.
O. C. B. — Grand Cross of the Bath.
G. C. B. — Grand Cross of the Guelphs of
Hanover.
G. C. L. B. — Grand Cross of the Legion of
Honor.
G. C. M. G.— Grand Cross of St. Michael
and St. George.
G. O. 8. I. — Grand Commander of the Star
of India.
Gu. — Gules.
B. C. — Heralds' College.
Her. — Heraldry, heraldic.
K. B. — Knight of the Bath.
K. G. B. — Knight Commander of the Bath.
K. G. B. — Knight Commander of the Guelphs
of Hanover.
K. C. M. G. — Knight Commander of St.
Michael and St. George.
K. C. S.— Knight of the Order of Charles
III of Spain.

K. C. S. J. — Knight ComWnder of the Star
of India.
K. G. — Knight of the Garter.
K. G. G. — Knight Grand Cross.
K. G. G. B. — Knight Grand Cross of the
Bath.
K. O. .F.— Knight of the Golden Fleece.
K. G. B. — Knight of the Guelphs of Han
over.
K. L. B. — Knight of Leopold of Belgium.
K. L. E. — Knight of the Legion of Honor.
K. M.— Knight of Malta.
I Kn. N. 8. — Knight of the Loyal Northera
Star (Sweden).
I Knt., Knt. — Knight.
j K. P.— Knight of St. Patrick.
! K. 8. — Knight of the Sword (Sweden).
K. T.— Knight of the Thistle.
K. T. 8. — Knight of the Tower and Sword
(Portugal).
L. C. B. — Lord Chief Baron.
LcL. — Lord.
Ldp. — Lordship.
M. H. — Most Honorable.
Ppr. — Proper.
P. S. — Privy Seal.
Pt.^Potent.Pur. — Purpure.
Rt. Bon. — Right Honorable.
8a. — Sable.
U. K. A. — Ulster King-at-Arms.
V. O. — Victoria Cross.
Vis. — Viscount.
V. R. — Queen Victoria, (Latin, Victoria
Reginia.)
Vr. — Vair.
Ft— -Vert.

A DICTIONARY OF
HERALDRY.

Abased — This term is used (1) when the
wings, for instance, instead of being ex
panded, with their apices pointing out
ward, either look down toward the point
of the shield, or else are shut ; (2) when
a chevron, fesse or another ordinary is
borne lower than its usual situation.

WINGS ABASED.
Abasement — [See abased.]
Abatelement— (Ab-a-te"'-le-mang) A mark
of disgrace affixed to an escutcheon. [See
ABATEMENT.]
Abatement — Abatements are real or im
aginary marks of disgrace affixed to an
escutcheon on account of some flagrantly
dishonorable action on the part of the

bearer. There is scarcely an instance on
record, however, of such marks of dis
grace having been actually affixed to an
escutcheon. (Some times called rebate-
men ts.)
Abyss — The center of an escutcheon. For
example, to bear a fleur-de-lis in abyss is
to have it placed in the middle of the
shield free from any other bearing.
Abyssal — Pertaining to an abyss.
Accident — (Ac'-ci-dent) An additional
mark on a coat of arms, which may he
retained or eliminated without altering
its essential character.
Accolade — (Ac'-co lade) The ceremony by
which in mediaeval times one was dubbed
a knight. Antiquaries are not agreed on
what this was. It has been made an
embrace around the neck, a kiss or a
slight blow upon the cheek or shoulder.
"The new attorney-general having stooped
down without objection to the usual acco
lade."— Townsend's Lives of 12 Emin
ent Judges: Lord Eldon.
Accolle — (Ac-col'-le) Gorged or collared,
as lions, dogs and other animals some
times are in escutcheons.
Wreathed, entwined or joined together,
as two shields sometimes are by their
sides. The arms of a husband and wife
were often thus placed. (Gloss, of Her
aldry, 18i7.)

Accompanied — Affrontee.

Used substantively: (1) An animal with
a crown on its head or a collar around its
neck ; (2) two shields united to each
other by their sides; (3) a key, baton,
- mace, sword or other implement or wea
pon placed saltirewise behind the shield.
(Ibid.)
Accompanied — (Ac-com'-pan-ied) Be
tween. For example, accompanied by
four crescents, would mean between four
crescents.
Accompaniment — ( Ac-com'-pan-i-ment)
Any additions made to a shield by way
of ornament, as supporters, etc.
Accost — [See accosted.]
Accosted — (Ac-cost'-ed) Applied to a
charge supported on both sides by other
charges. Example : A pale accosted by
six mullets. This term is also applied to
two animals proceeding side by side.
Accoutre — (Ak-ku'-ter) To dub a knight.
*'One was accoutred when the cry began,
Knight of the Silver Moon, Sir Marmadan,
His vow was (and he will perform his vow),
Armed at all points, with terror on his brow.
To judge the land, to purge atrocious crimes. "
Coivper: A nti-Thelyphthora.
Achievement — ( A-chieve'-ment) A com
plete heraldic composition, showing a
shield with its quarterings, impalements,
supporters, crest, motto, etc. This term
is applied especially to a funeral es
cutcheon, exhibiting the rank and family
of a deceased nobleman or gentleman,
which at his death is placed in front of
his house or in some other prominent
place. [This is commonly called hatch
ment. ]
Acorned — (A'korned) An oak with acorns
on it. (Placed on an escutcheon.)
Addition — Something added to a coat of
arms as a mark of honor, such as, for
instance, a bordure, a quarter, a canton,
a gyron or a pile. [Opposed to abate
ment.] "They clepe us drunkards, and with swinish
phrase
Soil our addition; and indeed it takes
From our achievements."
— Shakespeare: Bamlet, 1, i.

Addorsed — (Ad-dor'st) Used as an ad
jective: Two animals on a coat of arms
set or turned back to back. This term is
occasionally used for other figures capa
ble of being placed back to back.

Adosse — The French word sometimesused
for ADDOBSED.
Adoption — Arms of Adoption. [See un
der Arms.]
Adoptive — Adoptive arms are those held
by a person not by right of descent or in
virtue of himself, but merely by the gift
or consent of another.
Adorned — (Ad-orn'ed) Ornamented or
furnished with a charge.
Adumbration — ( Ad-um-bra'-tion) A fig
ure on a coat of arms traced in outline
only, or painted in a darker shade of the
same color as the field on which it is rep
resented. Families who had lost their
estates, but not their armorial bearings,
are said to have occasionally adopted
this method of indicating their peculiar
position. (Also called transparency.)
Affrontee — (Af-fron'-ta) Two animals on

Addorse — ( Ad-dor'se )
back.

To place back to

AFFKONTEE.

Agacella — Anime .

a coat of arms facing each other.
Face to face, as contradistinguished
from back to back. [See addorsed.]
Confronting one another is a phrase
sometimes used in this connection.
A micella — (Ag-a-cel'la) An antelope, or
a tiger with horns and hoofs.
Aignisce — (Ag-wis-se') Sharply pointed.
Applied especially to a cross on an
escutcheon which has its four angles
sharpened, but still terminating in ob
tuse angles. It differs from the cross
fitchce in that whereas the latter tapers
by degrees to a po\nt, the former does so
only at the ends.
Ailettes — (Ai'-lettes) Small escutcheons
fastened to the shoulders of armed
knights. (Sometimes called emerasses.)
They were of steel ; were introduced in
the reign of Edward I, and were the an
cestor of the modern epaulet.
Aisle — (I-la) Winged.

-A dog. Specifically, a hunting

Alannd- dog.
Albany — One of the herald's of the Lord
Lyon's Court. Scotland.
Alberia — (Al-ber'-i-a) A plain shield;
without ornament or armorial bearings.
Allerlon — ( Al-ler'-i-on) An eagle without
beak or feet, and with wings expanded,
their points turned downward. (Denoting
imperialists vanquished and disarmed.)

ALLERION.
Alliance —Arms of alliance. [See under
Arms.
Allocameluss — ( Al-Io-ca-mel'-us) The ass-
camel, a mythical animal compounded of
the camel and the ass. This was used as
a crest by the Eastland Company.

Allnmee — (Al-lu'-may') This term isused
to describe the eyes of animals when they
are depicted sparkling or red.

Allnsive ¦
Arms.]

-Allusive Anns. [See under

Alternate — Alternate quarters: A term
applied to the first and fourth quarters
on an escutcheon, which are generally of
the same kind. Also applied to the. sec
ond and fourth, which also similarly re
semble each other.
Ambulant — This signifies walking; co-
ambulant, walking together.
Amethyst — (Am'-eth-yst) The term ap
plied to the color called purpure when
describing the armorial bearings of peers.
Amphisien coc'katrice — ( Am-phis'i-en
cock'-a-trice) A name for the mythical
animal called the Basilisk. It resembles
a cockatrice, but is two-beaded, the sec
ond head being affixed to its tail.
Anchor — In heraldry the anchor is an em
blem of hope.
Anchored Cross — In this cross the four
extremities resemble the flukes of an an
chor. It is also called anchry or ancre.
It is emblamatic of hope through the
cross of Christ.

soul

ANCHORED CROSS.
"Which hope we have as an anchor of the
both sure and steadfast."— //>b. iv. 19.

Ancient (Anshent) — The guidon used
at funerals. A small flag ending in a
point.
Anime — (An-e-may') Of a. different tinc
ture from the animal itself. The term is
used when wild animals are represented

Annodated — Arm.

with Are proceeding from their mouths.
Also called incensed.
Annodated — (An'-no-dated) Bowed, em-
bowed or bent like the letter S.
Annulate — (An'-u-lat) Having a ring or
annulet. (Used specifically of a cross
with its extremities thus fretted.)
Annnlet — (An'-u-let) A ring borne on an
escutcheon. Originally it stood as the
symbol of nobility and jurisdiction, being
the gage of royal favor and protection.
In describing arms the color of the an
nulet should always be expressed.
H When used as a difference, the an
nulet represents the fifth son.

ANNULET.
Anserated Cross— (An'-ser-a-ted) A cross
with one of its extremities shaped like
the heads of lions, eagles, etc.
Ante — (An'-tay') Engrafted or joined into
each other in any way, as by dovetails,
swallowtails or rounds.
Antelope — Agacella is the heraldic ante
lope. Brooke, Lord Cobham, had for a
dexter supporter an agacella, horned,
tusked and armed or.
Apaume — (A-pa'u-me) Appalmed. A
hand opened so as to exhibit the palm.
A baronet of Englane' or Ireland bears
a sinister hand couped gules on an in-
escutcheon or a canton. It is blazoned
"argent, a sinister band, couped at the
wrist, and apaume, gules."
Apple of Grenada — The pomegranate.
Appointee — (Ap-poi'n-tay) Pointed. Ap
plied to things which touch at the points
or ends, as two swords touching each
other at their points or tips.

Aqnilate — (Ak'-wil-ate) To adorn with
eagles' heads.
Aquilated — (Ak'-wil-ated) Adorned with
eagles' heads. (Used almost exclusively
in the past participle.)
Arbalest — [See arblast.]
Arblast — A crossbow, consisting of a steel
bow set in a shaft of wood and furnished
with a string and trigger. It was not a
poular weapon, as it required no strength
or manliness in its use. (Also written
arbalist, arbalest and arbalet.)
Arched — Signifies that an ordinary on an
escutcheon is bent or bowed. (Sometimes
called Archy.)
Archy — [See arched.]
Argent — (Ar'-jent) White. The silvery
color on coats of arms. In the arms of
princes it is sometimes called lune, and
in those of peers pearl. In engravings
it is generally represented by the natural
color of the paper. It represents purity,
innocence, beauty or gentleness.
"He beareth gules upon his shield,
A chevron argent in the field."
— Tales of a Wayside Inn.

ARGENT.
Used as an adjective: Of the coloring
of coats armor.
"Rinaldo flings
As swift as fiery lightning kindled new;
His argent eagle with her silver wings,
In field of azure, fair Erminia knew,"
— Fairfax.
Arm — The human arm is sometimes used
in emblazoning. Tremaine of Colacombe
bore gules, three dexter arms conjoined

Armed — Arms.

at the shoulder, flexed in triangle or,
fisted argent.
The arm is often found as part of the
crest. [See cubit arm.]
Armed — (1) Furnished with arms. (2)
Adding to anything that which will give
it greater strength or efficiency. (3) The
term armed of applies to a beast of prey
when his teeth and claws are differently
colored from the rest of his body. It ap
plies also to predatory birds when their
talons and beaks are differently colored
from the rest of the body.
(4) Armed at all points, in cays gone
by, meant a man covered with armor ex
cept his face.
Armor — Coat Armor. [The same as coat
of arms.]
Armor Buckle — A lozenge-shaped buckle.
Armorial — (Ar-mo'ri-al). As an adjec
tive: Pertaining or relating to heraldic
arms. As substantive: A hook containing
coats of arms. Thus the phrase occurs,
"the French armorial," "the Spanish ar
morial," etc.
Armorist— One well acquainted with coats
of arms ; skilled in heraldry. (Bailey.)
Armory — From the word armor, apper
taining to coats of arms.
Arms — Arms or Armories were so called
because originally displayed upon de
fensive arms, and coats of arms because
¦•rmerly embroidered upon the surcoat
or camis worn over the armor. The term
coat of arms, once introduced, was after
ward retained, even when displayed else
where than on the coat. In the days
when knights were so encased in armor
that no means of identifying them was
left, the practice was introduced of paint
ing their insignia of honor on theirshield
as an easy method of distinguishing
them. Originally these were granted only
to individuals, but were afterward made
hereditary by King Richard I, during his
crusade to Palestine. They may be di
vided into two general classes: (1) Pub
lic, as those of kingdoms, provinces,
bishoprics, corporate bodies, etc., and (2)
private, being those of private families.
These two classes are again separated
into many subdivisions, founded mainly

on the different methods by which they
were granted.
Akms of Adoption — This term is used
in a case where the last representative
of an aristocratic family adopts an out
sider to assume his armorial bearings
and inherit his estates.
Arms of Alliance — Arms which came
into a man's possession by matrimonial
alliances, as the arms of his wife which
are impaled with his own, and those of
heiresses, which he in like manner quar
ters. To illustrate : When Gilbert Tal
bot (who died in 1274) married Gwenl-
lian, heiress of the Welsh Prince Rhys
ap Griffith, he laid aside his paternal
coat — "bendy of 10 pieces, agent and
gules" — and adopted that of the lady —
"gules, a lion rampant or, within a bor
der engrailed of the field" — as still used
by the Earls of Shrewsbury.
Arms of Assumption — Those arms
which a person may legitimately assume.
Arms of Attribution — Arms that are
fictitious, such as indulged in to an ab
surd extent by the heralds of the fifteenth
and sixteenth centuries.
"Almost all the older genealogists atV
tribute coats of arms to ancestors long be
fore they were in use. On the tomb of
Queen Elizabeth are emblazoned the arms
of William the Conqueror and Matilda of
Flanders, and of Henry I and Matilda of
Scotland, all, of course, pure inventions. It
is only of very late years, .since a critical
spirit has found its way even into heraldry,
that these absurdities have been exposed."—
Ency. Brit., vol. xi (1902).
Arms of Community — Those borne by
corporations, religious houses, colleges,
cities and boroughs, inns of court, guilds
and the cinque ports, some of which go
back to an early period.
Arms of Concession — Arms granted
by a sovereign to commemorate some
great deed. The heart on the arms of
the Douglases is in memory of the mis
sion of .Tames Lord Douglas with the
heart of Robert Bruce to the Holy Land.
The families of De la Warr, Pelham,
Vane and Fane bear arms in allusion to
the share their ancestors had in the cap
ture of John of France at Poitiers.
Arms of Dominion — Are those be-

Arms — Arms.

longing to empires, kingdoms, principali
ties, states, etc., officially used by the
ruler de facto. The origin of some of
these arms is obscure, such as the three
legs conjoined in triangle of the Isle of
Man and the lion of Scotland. Occasion
ally the arms of dominion were those of
an early sovereign or governor. Thus
the lions of England belonged to the
Plantagnet kings. In theUnited States the
Stars and Stripes, now so well known
throughout the world, had their origin in
the coat of arms of the first President,
the immortal George Washington, whose
English ancestors bore "argent, two bars
gules, in chief three mullets of the sec
ond." The arms of the State of Mary
land are those borne by Cecililus Calvert,
second Lord Baltimore, Lord Proprietary
of the colony.
Arms of Family — 'Those received by
some distinguished person and borne
with modifications by all his descend
ants. Arms of Honor — The same as Arms
of Concession.
Arms of Office — Those borne by hold
ers of certain offices which designate that
office. For instance, the ancestors of the
Dukes of Ormond, being hereditary but
lers of Ireland, bore three covered cups.
Garter, the principal king-at-arms of
England, bears "argent, a cross gules, on
a chief azure a crown or, encircled with
a garter of the order buckled and nowed
between a lion of England and a lily of
France." Arms of Patronage — (1) Arms borne
by the lesser gentry which were derived
from the arms of the greater ; arms on
which there is some mark of subjection
or dependence. (2) Arms to indicate the
connection between the follower and bis
feudal lord. (3) Arms added to the fam
ily arms as a token of superiority, right
or jurisdiction.
Arms of Pretension— Arms quartered
by a sovereign belonging to a state over
which he does not hold authority. Nearly
all the earlier European sovereigns bore
arms of this character. The kings of
England, from Edward III until 1801, in
the reign of George III, bore the lilies of
France. The treaty of Amiens (January
1, 1801) stipulated that this quartering

of the French arms should be abandoned.
Arms of Succession — The same as
Feudal Arms.
Arms Royal— The personal arms borne
by the sovereign of a country, as distin
guished from those borne by him in his
official capacity, being those of the coun
try over which he rules. As set forth in
Arms of Dominion, the personal arms of
a ruler sometimes become those of the
country. On the other hand, neither the
arms of Baiiol, Bruce nor Stuart ever be
came the arms of Scotland. Cromwell
placed his arms on an escutcheon of pre
tense over those of the commonwealth,
and William of Nassau did the same
with those of England.
Allusive Arms — (Called also canting
or punning arms, and by the French
Armes parlantes) are those in which the
charges suggest the bearer's name. Thus
were the castle and lion for Castile and
Leon, the fers de eheval of Ferrers, the
corbeau or raven for Corbet, the herons
of Heron, the falcon of Falconer, the
swine's head of Swinbourne, the hammers
of Hammerton and the swallows (hiron-
delles) of Arundel. Allusive arms were
treated with respect until the time of
James I, when they fell into disrepute.
Assumptive Arms — This now applies
to arms which have been appropriated
without proper authority. Originally,
however, the term had a different mean
ing, as see the following :
"* * * Assumptive arms are such as a
person has a title to bear, by virtue of
some action done or performed by him,
which by birth he could not wear; as if a
peTson that has naturally no coat should,
in lawful war, take 'a prince or nobleman
prisoner, he has from that time a right to
bear the arms of such prisoner by virtue of
that military law that the dominion of
things taken in lawful war passes to the
conqueror."— Dyeh: Diet. (1758).
Canttng Arms — The same as Allusive
A rms. Feudal Arms — The arms borne by the
possessors of certain lordships or estates.
Paternal Arms — Those that descend
by custom to the male heir. The descend
ants of females (heiresses) can only
quarter their arms, except by special
license.

Arriswise — Avellane Cross.

ArrisTvise — (Ar'-ris-wise) With one an
gle facing; showing the top and two sides.
Said of a rectangular bearing, such as an
altar.
Arrondee — (Ar-ron'-dy) Made round.
Arrondell — -A swallow.
Arrow — The arrow is frequently displayed
in heraldry, either singly or in sheaves.
Ashen Keys — The seed vessels of the ash
tree. Occasionally represented on an
escutcheon.

ashen keys.
Aspect — The position which an animal oc
cupies with regard to the eye of the spec
tator. It may be (1) full aspect, that is,
full-faced, looking toward the spectator ;
(2) passant, with its side toward him;
(3) trian aspect, neither the one or the
other, but between the two.
Aspectant — (As-pect'-ant) A term ap
plied to two birds facing each other, or
looking at each ofne'r.
Aspecting — [The same as aspectant.]
Aspersed — (As-per'sed) Strewn or pow
dered with a number of small charges.
[See seme.]
Assanltant — (As-sa'ult-ant) Assailant.
Applied to a predatory animal when rep
resented on the escutcheon as if leaping
on its prey.
Assumption — Arms of Assumption. [See
under arms.]
Assumptive — Assumptive Arms. [See

under arms.]
Assurgent — ( As-sur'-gent) Rising ou.t of.
At Gaze — Applied to the hart, buck, stag:
or hind when represented full-faced, or
with the face directly to the front.
Athole — One of the pursuivants of the
Office of Arms, Ireland.
Attire — (At-ti're) The single horn of a
stag. (The plural attires is used for two
horns.)
Attired — Ornamented with horns or an
tlers. Applied to the stag or hart. A
reindeer is represented with double at
tires — one pair erect and the other droop
ing. (Boutell: English Heraldry.)
"Attired is a term used among heralds
when they have occasion to speak of the
horns of a buck or stag." — Bullokar:
Eng. Expos. (1656).

Attribution — Arms of Attribution.
under arms.]

[See

Angmentation — Arms of Augmentation
of Honor — A grant from a sovereign of
an additional charge on a coat of arms
to commemorate some great deed or a
notable event. [See Arms of Concession,
under arms. ]
Aulned — (awn'd) Awned ; bearded (Used
of ears of corn.)
An vol — [French.] On the wing. (Said of
a bird. [Volant.]
Avellane Cross — (A-vel'-lane) A cross

Averdant — Banneret.

resembling four filberts.

AVELLANE CROSS.
Averdant — (A-ver'-dant) Covered with
green herbage. The term is used special
ly of a mount in base. (Gloss, of Heraldry .)

A verlye — ( Av'-ar-lie )
persed, which see.

The same as as-

Aversant — ( A-ver'-sant) Turned away.
Applied to a hand of which only the back
can be seen. Sometimes called dorsed.
Awned — [See aulned.]
Axe — [See battle axe.]
Aylet — (Ay'-let) A name used to desig
nate the Cornish chough (Fregilus gracu-
lus), a bird belonging to the crow family.
Ayrant — [See eyrant.]
Azure — Bright blue. Used especially in
describing the escutcheons of gentlemen
beneath the degree of baron. The same
color on a nobleman's coat is called sap
phire, from the stone, and that on the
coat of a sovereign prince Jupiter, from
the planet of that name. Engravers rep
resent azure in heraldry by horizontal
lines.

B.

Bachelor — A member of the oldest, but
now the lowest, order of knighthood in
Great Britain.
Formerly a Bachelor meant a knight
without a sufficient number of vassals to
have his banner carried before him in
battle.

Badge — A distinctive mark ; a cognizance.
It is somewhat similar to a
crest, but was not placed on
a wreath, nor was it worn
on the helmet. The badge
was a possession of princes,
noblemen and other gentle
men of rank, and to this day
is retained by some of Badge of the
those houses. The badge Prince of Wales
of the Plantagenets was the broom plant
(Planta genista); the line of Lancaster
had a red rose, while the badge of the
house of York was a white rose.
In former times badges were embroi
dered on the sleeves of the servants and
retainers, and the practice is still in use
to some extent. -
In the time of Henry IV the terms
livery and badge seem to have been syn
onymous.
Badger — (Bad'-ger) A mammalian ani
mal found in England and on the Conti
nent. It is often used in heraldry. It
is sometimes called a gray and also a
brock.
Bagwin — (Bag'-win) A mythical animal,
having the tail of a horse, and with
long horns curved over the ears.
Balls — Balls, occasionally tasselled, are
sometimes shown on charges.
Ballet — (Bal'-lay) A bearing which con
sists of bezants, plates, hurts, etc., dis
tinguished from each other by their
color.

Bande — (Ban'-dy)
the term in bend.

The French word for

Banded — (B.ind'-ed) When agarhisbound
together with a band of a different tinc
ture it is described as banded of that
tincture.
Bandrol — (Band'-rol) A small streamer
depending from the crook of a crozierand
folding over the staff. (Universal Diet.)
The small silk flag which occasionally
hangs from a trumpet. (Johnson.)
Banner — A square flag, generally embroi
dered with the owner's arms. No one be
low the rank of knight banneret is en
titled to a banner.
Banneret — Knight Banneret. The insti
tution is an ancient one, and its mem-

Bar — Barry.

bers, who had the privilege of leading
their retainers in battle under their own
flag, ranked next in order below the
Knights of the Garter, provided they
were created on the battle field by the
King ; otherwise they took rank after
baronets. The order is now extinct.
Bar — An ordinary which crosses the shield
horizontally. It differs from a fesse in
that it occupies only one-fifth of the field.
There is room for but four bars on a
shield.

bars.
Bars Gemel — Bars placed parallel to
each other. A bar with closets placed in
couples. In Bar — Charges arranged in two or
more rows. It differs from in fesse in
that the latter term signifies charges in
a single row.
Barbed — Bearded. Used specifically of the
arrow ; also, of the five leaflets in the
compound leaf of some roses.
Barbel — (Bar'-bel) A "bearded ' fish found
abundantly in the Thames and Lea. It
is an early heraldic bearing.
Barded — A horse in harness is said to be
barded and caparisoned. Originally a
barded horse was one protected by metal
trappings, such as those ridden by knights
in mediaeval times. The armor covered
the neck, breast and shoulders.
Barnacle — An instrument for pinching a
horse's nose for the purpose of restrain
ing bim.
Baron — A nobleman of the lowest order of
the English peerage.
Baroness — The wife of a baron, or a

woman who holds the baronial dignity in
her own right.
Baron and Feme — Applied when the
coats of arms of a man and his wife are
borne per pale in the same escutcheon.
When the wife is not an heiress her arms
occupy the sinister side, and the hus
band's the dexter. If she is an heiress,
the husband bears her arms on an es
cutcheon of pretense.
Baronet — Tl^e lowest British titled order
that is hereditary. They are supposed to
take precedence immediately after the
barons, but In reality their rank is in
ferior to that of the Knights of the Gar
ter. The badge of a baronet is, sinister,
a hand gules ("a bloody hand") in a field
argent.
Barred — Supplied with bars ; placed be
tween bars. [Bar.] [Barry.]
Barring — The same as earry or barruly.
(Chaucer.)
Barrulet — (Bar'-rul-et) The barrulet is
one-fourth of a bar, and occupies a twen
tieth part of the field ; never borne singly.
Sometimes called a bracelet. When used
in couples barrulets are bars gemel.
Barrnlly — [The same as barry.]
Barry — (Bar'-ry) The division of the field
by horizontal lines into a certain number
of equal parts.
Barry Bendy — Signifies a field divided
barwise and bendwise, the tinctures be
ing countercharged.

BARRY bendy.
Barry Bendy Sinister — A combina
tion of barry and bendy sinister.
Barry Bendy Dexter and Sinister —

10

Bars Gemel — Bearing.

A combination of barry and bendy dexter
and sinister. (Sometimes called barry
lozengy.) Barry Lozengy — The same as barry
pily. Barry Pily — Divided into an equal
number of pieces by piles placed hori
zontally across the shield.
Bars gemel — (jem'-el) Two horizontal
bars on a field close to each other ; a pair
of bars.

bars gemel.
Barwise — Arranged horizontally in two
or more rows.
Base — The lower part of a shield. Spe
cifically, the width of a bar parted off
from the lower part of the shield by a
line horizontally drawn. (Sometimes
called base-bar, baste and plain point.)
Base-bar — [See base.]
Basilisk — (Bas'-i-lisk) A fabulous animal
which was believed to be so deadly that
even its breath was fatal to those who
came near it. It somewhat resembled the
Cockatrice, differing, however, in that it
had two heads, the second being at the
extremity of its tail. This additional
head is the cause of it sometimes being
called amphisien cockatrice.
Basket — A winnowing basket.
Baston — [See baton.]
R«t — The Bat figures to some extent in
heraldry, often called a reremouse.
Bath — Order of the Bath. An English or
der of knighthood, which was Instituted
by Henry IV in 1399, and revived by
George I in 1725. It derives its name
from the fact that candidates for initia

tion were required to bathe the night be
fore investiture.
Baton — (Bat'-on) The Baton, or, more
fully, the Baton Sinister, is a diminutive
of the bend sinister, of which it is one-
fourth the width. It is a rare hearing,
and generally denotes illegitimacy. Some
times, though erroneously, called a fissure.

11 pi
IS

IH
^.iraMnl]*/ \\\\M II

BATON SINISTER.
Battering-ram — A bearing representing
the engine used in ancient times to beat
down the walls of besieged places. It
was a large beam, with a head of iron,
sometimes made to resemble the head of
a ram. The battering-ram is borne by
the Earls of Lindsey.
Battle-axe — A weapon like an axe, for
merly used in battle, hence it became
conspicuous in heraldry.
Battled — (Bat'-tled) A chief, chevron,
fesse, etc., borne on one side in the form
of the battlements of a castle.
Battled-embattled — [See qrady.]
Bayard — A bay horse.
Beaked — When the beak and legs of a
bird are of a different tincture from the
body it is said to be beaked and mem-
bered of that tincture.
Bear — The bear is one of the beasts of
heraldry. Early examples are the arms
of Beresford and of Fitz Urse.
Bearer — The supporter of a shield on an
escutcheon.
Bearing — A charge ; any single charge or
emblem included within an escutcheon
(Generally used in the plural, as "ar-
morial bearings.")

Beauseant — Bevelled.

11

Beanseant — (Bo'-ze-aunt) The banner
borne by the Knights Templar In the thir
teenth century. It was of cloth, sable
and argent.
Bebally — A word used by some of the old
writers for party per pale. (Parker:
Gloss, of Her.)
Becque — [See beque.]
Bee — Sometimes made use of in heraldry.
Sir Robert Peel used bees in his arms,
and so did Sir Richard Arkwright.
Belie — (Bel'-ic) A term sometimes used
for gules. (Universal Diet.)
Bell — Church bells, have been made use of
in heraldry, though not frequently. The
same can be said of hawks' bells.
Belled — When a falcon or a hawk has
bells affixed to its legs it is said to be
belled.
Belt — A badge of knighthood.
Bend — One of the ordinaries. It is formed
of two lines, and is drawn from the dexter
chief to the sinister base point of the
escutcheon. It generally occupies one-
fifth of the field ; but formerly it was
one-fifth only when plain, and one-third
when charged.

BEND.
The bend is said to have been derived
from the border on a woman's cap known
as a bend. It is possible that its origin
was a representation of the baldric. Ac
cording to some, the origin was a scaling
ladder. In the beginning of heraldry the
bend was a mark of cadency, but later be
came an honorable ordinary.
"The diminutives of the bend are the
bendlet, garter or gartier, which is half
its width ; the cost or cottice, which is

one-fourth ; and the riband, which is one-
eighth." — Gloss, of Her.
Bend Sinister — An ordinary resem
bling the bend in form, but extending
from the sinister chief to the dexter base.
The diminutives of the bend sinister are
the scarpe, which is half its width ; and
the baton, half as wide as the scarpe and
couped. In Bend — When bearings are placed
bendwise the term in bend is used.
Per Bend — [See party per bend, under
Party.]
Bending — The same as bendy. (Chaucer.)
Bendlet — A diminutive of the bend. Gen
erally it is half the width of the bend ;
but sometimes it appears much narrower.
In ancient heraldry a bendlet azure on a
a coat was a mark of cadency.
"Bendlets are occasionally enhanced or
placed in chief sinister." — (Glos. of Ber.)
Bendy — An escutcheon havingbends which
divide it diagonally into four, six or
more parts is called bendy. The lines
are drawn in the same direction described
under bend ; when drawn in the contrary
direction they are styled bendy sinister.
Bendy Barry — See Barry Bendy.
Bendy Lozengy — Having each lozenge
placed in bend.
Bendy Piley — Divided into an equal
number of pieces by piles placed bend-
wise across the escutcheon.
Beque — (Bee'-kay) Beaked. This term is
used of a bird having its bill of a color
different from that of the body. [See
beaked. ]

BEQUE.
Bevelled — [See bevilled.]

12

Bevilled— Bird.

Bevilled — (Bev'-illed) When the outward
lines of an ordinary turn in a sloping di
rection.

bevilled.
Bevilways — At a bevil. This term is used
of charges or anything similar.
Ber.ant — (Be-zanf) A gold roundlet, rep
resenting a coin of that name. It is sup
posed to have been introduced into Eng
lish heraldry by the Crusaders, who had
received the gold coin while in the East.

bezants.
[See also roundel.]
[For Cross Bezant, see under cross.]
Beannte — (Be-zan'-tay ) Covered or stud
ded with bezants ; seme of bezants.
Bicapitated — < By-cap'-i-ta-ted) Having
two heads, such as the two-headed eagle
on the arms of Russia, as well as on those
of Austria.
Bicorporate — (By-cor'-por-ate) Having
two bodies; having the hinder parts in
duplicate, with one head and one pair of
forepaws.
Big — [See bigg.]
Bigg — Barley. Specifically, the barley

common in the north of Scotland, having
six rows of seed. Bigland of Bigland
bore "Azure, two ears of bigg or." (Also
written big.)
Billhead — The head of a bill. Generally
borne on a charge. (The bill was a war
instrument — a species of halberd.)
Billet — (Bill'-et) (1) An oblong square,
supposed to represent a sheet of paper
folded in the form of a letter. Its pro
portion is two squares.

billet.
A .staff as a billet

(2)
tricked, meanin
(Gloss, of Her.)

raguled and
ed staff in pale.

Billetty— (Bill'-et-ty) Semg of billets.
Billetty Couxter-billetty — Barry
and paly, the divisions of the former be
ing as wide again as those of the latter.
Bird — Birds figure to a large extent in her
aldry, and represent the contemplative
as well as active life. Among those used
with the greatest frequency are the fol
lowing :

Eagle,

Sheldrake

Falcon

Raven,

Swan,

Rook,

Peacock,

Owl,

Pelican,

Cock,

Ostrich,

Popinjay,

Stork,

Cough ,

Heron,

Shoveller,

Cormorant,

Swallow.

Among the terms applied to birds are
Mcmbered. Armed, Closed, Disclosed, Ris
ing and Volant.
Bird and bantling — A Lancashire
term, applied to the well-known crest of
the Stanleys of an eagle preying on a
child.

Bird-bolt — Boar.

13

Bird-bolt- flat end.

-A short arrow with a broad,

BIRD-BOLT.
Bitted — Said of a horse when borne with
a bit of a different tincture from the ani
mal itself, when it is said to be bitted of
that color. This term is also used to de-
» scribe a horse's head with bit and rein ;
as, "Three horses' heads couped, bitted
and reined or."
Black — This color in heraldry is known
as sable.
Blackamoor— A negro. Channing of Fox-
cote bore : "Argent, three blackamoors'
heads couped sable, capped or, fretty
gules."
Bladed — (Bla'ded) A term used when the
stalk of any grain is of a color different
from the ear.
Blanch — White. [Argent.]
"Nor who, in field or foray slack,
Saw the blanche lion e'er fall black?"
— Scott: Lay of the Last Minstrel
Blasted — When a tree is leafless it is said
to be blasted.
Blaze — To emblazon ; to blazon. (Con
tracted from blazon.)
Blazing star — A comet.
Blazon — (Bla'-zon) To describe a coat of
arms ; to give an accurate description.
"Proceed unto the beasts that are given
in arms, and teach me what I ought to ob
serve in their blazon."— Peacham.
"The coat of arms of which I am not
herald enough to blazon into English."—
Addison.
H The word blazon comes from the Ger
man word blasen, to blow as with a horn,

because in the age of heraldry the style
and arms of each knight were so pro
claimed on public occasions.
Blazoned — That which is blazoned ; a
blazoned coat of arms.
"Now largesse, largesse, Lord Marmion,
Knight of the crest of gold !
A blazoned shield, in battle won."
— Scott: Marmion.
Blazoner— One who blazons coatsof arms.
Blazonry — The art of blazoning ; to de
scribe a coat of arms in the technical lan
guage of heraldry. The rules of blazon are
remarkable for their precision, simplicity,
brevity and completeness. The proper
order of describing arms is ; First, give
the field, its color (or arrangement of
colors, if more than one), and the char
acter of partition lines when parted;
second, the charges, and first those of
most importance, their name, number and
position (when an animal, its attitude) ;
third, marks of difference, cadency, bar
onet's badge, etc.
Blaznre — [From blazon.]
"The blazure of his armes was gules."
Berners: Froissart, chap. 281.
Blemish — [See blemished.]
Blemished — (Blem'-ished) Having an
abatement or rebatement. (Used of a
sword with its point broken.)
Blighted — The same as blasted.
Block Brnsh — A bunch of the plant
Butcher's Broom (Ruscus aculeatus). It
is borne by the butchers' company of
London.
Blood Color — Sanguine. (Not to be con
fused with BLOODY.)
Bloody — Gules.
Bloody Hand — A hand tinctured gules.
The device of Ulster, hence borne by
baronets.
Bine — This color in heraldry is known as
azure.
Bine Mantle — One of the pursuivants in
the College of Arms.
Boar — The boar is one of the ancient
charges of heraldry. With the exception
of the lion, it is the only beast borne' in
the roll of Henry HI.

14

Boltant — Bretage.

Boltant — (Bolt'-ant) Bolting; springing
forward. (Used of a hare or rabbit.)
Bolting — [See boltant.]
Bomb-shell — A fire ball ; a projectile of
oval shape.
Bonnet — The velvet cap within a coronet.
Border — [See bordure.]
Uordure — (Bor'-dure) The border of an
escutcheon, occupying one-fifth of the
shield. It is sometimes the mark of a
younger branch of * family ; and, again,
when charged, may refer to maternal de
scent, especially in ancient heraldry.
When used in an impaled coat the bor
dure is not continued around the inner
side.

bordure.
"In blazoning arms the bordure is
placed over all ordinaries except the
chief, the quarter and the canton. It
has no diminutives, but may at times be
surmounted by another of half its width.
When a bordure is bezants, billette or has
similar markings, the number of jezants
or billets, unless otherwise mentioned, is
always eight." — (Gloss, of Her.)
Border Compony — This should be com
posed of 16 pieces. It implies augmenta
tion, or, in more recent times, illegitimacy.
Bote-roll — The same as crampit.
Bottoned— (Bot'-toned) Having bottonies,
buttons, round buds or knots. They are
generally displayed in threes. The term
is essentially the same as treffled ( tre-
foiled).
Bottony — (Bot'-ton-y) A bud-like projec
tion, of which threearegenerallytogether.
Cross Bottony — A cross of which each

limb terminates in three bud-like prom
inences, presenting a slight resemblance
to the trefoil.

cross bottony.
Bouget — (Bou'-jet) A bucket for carrying
water. It is an early charge, and is iden
tified with the names of Ros and Rose.
[See water budget.]
Bonrdonnee — (boor'-don-nay') With the
extremity shaped like the handle of a pil
grim's staff ; as, a cross bonrdonnee. This
was the original cross on the arms of
Jerusalem, now blazoned "A cross potent."
Bow — The bow occurs in heraldry occa
sionally, though not as frequently as
might have been expected, considering it
was once an essential weapon of war.
Bozon — The same as bird-bolt.
Braced — Interlaced. (Also written brazed.)

Braeelet-

braced.
-The same as

BARRULET.

Brazed — Braced; interlaced. [Interfret-
ted. ]
Bretasre-(Bret'-is) Having embattlements
on each side.

Brick — Cadency.

15

Brick — Somewhat resembling a billet, but
showing its thickness in perspective.

Broad Arrow — The bead represents a
pheon, except the engrailing, or jagging,
on the inner edge is wanting.
Brock — [See badger.]
Broom Plant — The badge of the Plan-
tagenets.
Budget — [See water budget.]
Bufluloe — A name applied by some of the
earlier writers to the common bull.
Buffler — A wild bull.
Bnllet — (Bul'-let) A name sometimes given
to the ogress or pellet.
Bute — One of the pursuivants of the Lord
Lyon's Court, Scotland.

Cabled — The same as cablee.

cross cables.
"Cabled is applied to a cross formed of

the two ends of a ship's cable ; sometimes
also to a cross covered over with rounds
of rope ; more properly called a cross
corded." — Rees: Cyclopedia.

Cablee- ends.

-A cross composed of two cable

Caboched — See [caboshed.]
Caboshed — (ka-boshf) The head of a
beast borne full-faced, and without any
neck showing.
"Caboched, caboshed or cabossed * * »
is where the head of a beast is cut off be
hind the ears by a section parallel to the
face ; or by a perpendicular section, in
contradistinction to couped. which is
done by a horizontal line ; besides that, it
is farther .from the ears than cabossing.
The head, in this case, is placed full-
faced, or affrontee, so that no part of the
neck can be visible. This bearing is by
some called trunked."— fleese: Cyclopedia.
Cabossed — [See caboshed.]
Cadence — (Ca'-dence) The different steps
in the descent of a family.
Cadency — (Ca'-den-cy) As the original
object of armorial bearings was to dis
tinguish one iron-encased warrior from

MARKS OF CADENCY.
another, it was also necessary to provide
distinctive bearings for different mem
bers of a family all entitled to bear the
paternal arms. This gave rise to the use
of Marks of Cadency, or differences

16

Cadet— Cat.

(called by the French brisure.) They are
as follows :
l-Lable, 6— Fleur-de-lis,
2— Oescent, 7— Rose,
3— Muret, 8— Cross Moline,
4-Mar'let, 9— Octofoil.
5— Annulet,
The eldest son (during the lifetime of his
father) bears a lable of three points ; the
second son, a crescent ; the third, a mul
let ; the fourth, a martlet ; the fifth, an
annulet ; the sixth, a fleur-de-lis ; the
seventh, a rose ; the eighth, a cross mo
line ; the ninth, an octofoil. A younger
son of a younger son places a mark upon
a mark. Thus the ninth son of a ninth
sou would place an octofoil upon an octo
foil.
Cadet— A younger brother ; a junior branch
of a family.
Calf — The Calf appears in heraldry occa
sionally. Le Vele of Tortworth bore "Ar
gent, on a bend sable three calves or,"
and Calverley, "Argent, on a fesse gules
three calves or."
Calthrop — (Cal'-throp) An implement of
war, four-spiked, and when thrown on
the ground one point always stood up
right. Also known as caltrop and cheval-
trap.

CALTHROP.
Caltrap — [See calthrop.]
Calvary Cross — A cross mounted on three
steps. The steps allude to the three Chris
tian graces — Faith. Hope and Charity.
Camelopardel — (Cam-el-o-par'-del) An
imaginary beast, with neck and head like
a camel, spotted like a pard, with two
straight horns similar to those of a
giraffe.
Campane — (Cam-pa'ne) A bell
shaped object.

bell-

Campaned — (Cam-pa'ned) Bearing bells,
or furnished with bells. (Campane and
Campaned are terms that are little used.)
Cannet — (Can'-net) A charge of duc'ts
represented without beaks or feet.
Canting Arms — The same as Allusive
Anns, which see, under arms.
Canton — (Can"-ton) A division of thefleld
placed in the upper dexter corner. It is
classed by some heraldic writers as one
of the honorable ordinaries ; but, strictly
speaking, it is a diminutive of the Quar
ter, being two-thirds the area of that or
dinary- However, in the roll of Henry
III the quarter appears in several coats
which in later rolls are blazoned as can
tons. The canton, like the quarter, is an
early bearing, and is always shown with
straight lines.

Canton Sinister — A canton placed on
the sinister side of the shield.
Cantoned — (Can'-toned) Applied to a
shield in which the four spaces around a
cross or saltier are filled with any pieces.
Cap of Maintenance — The cap of state
carried before a sovereign at his corona
tion. Occasionally used as a bearing on
a shield.
Cat — The Cat figures in heraldry as the
Musion, the Catamount, Cat-a-mountain,
Wildcat and just plain cat.
The Keate family bore "Argent, three
mountain cats passant In pale sable."
The musion was the emblem of Bur
gundy, and, according to a fable of the
day, the arms of an imprisoned cat were
granted to the knight who took prisoner
Gundemar of Burgundy.

Catamount — Chess-rook.

17

Catamount — [ See cat. ]
Cat-a-mountain — [See CAT.]
Chabot — [See chalbot.]
Chafant — (Cbaf'-ant) Applied to a boar
when depicted as enraged.
Chain — The chain was borne by the kings
of Navarre, the arms being blazoned :
"Gules, a trellis of chains or, in cross
saltire."
Chalbot — (shal'-bot) The heraldic name
of the fish commonly known as Bullhead
or Miller's Thumb.
Chamber — The cylindrical part of ord
nance is blazoned as Chamber. Example :
"Three chambers sable, fired proper."
Champ — The field or ground of a field.
"The champe of his field was gules."—
Lydgaie.
Champain — (Cham'-pain) A mark ofdis-
honor in the coat of arms of one who has
killed an opponent after he has asked
for quarter.
Chancellor — A functionary in an order
of knighthood. For example, the Chan
cellor of the Order of the Garter, who
acts in the capacity of secretary of that
order.
Chapeau — (shap'-o) A cap of state borne
by a duke.
Chaperon — (shap'-er-on) An ornamental
hood worn by the Knights of the Garter
when in full dress.
Chaperonnet — (shap-er-on'-net) A small
hood.
Chapournet — (shap-our'-net) A chaper
onnet borne in arms dividing the chief
by a bow-shaped line.

CHAPOURNET.

Chaplet — A garland or wreath ; a head
band of leaves borne in coats of arms in
token of great military prowess. The
chaplet made its first appearance in the
roll of Edward II.
Charge — To place upon an escutcheon.
Charge — Anything occupying the field in
an escutcheon. There are two kinds of
charges — proper and common.
Proper Charges — So called because
they peculiarly belong to the art of
heraldry- [See ordinary.]
Common Charges — Those charges
which have been imported into heraldry
from all quarters, representing an array
of objects, natural and artificial, from
reptiles and insects to the human being
and celestial figures.
"The charge is that which is borne
upon the color, except it be a coat di
vided only by partition." — Peacham.
Charged— A charge placed upon the field.
Chausse — (sho'-say) This term denotes
a section in base formed by a line from
the extremity of the base ascending to
the side of the escutcheon, joining it at
about the fesse point.
Cheeky — (check'-y) A field divided into
small squares, of different tinctures, re
sembling a chess-board. Usually made
up of seven squares in the top line, and
in depth according to the length of the
shield.

checky.
Checquy — [See checky.]
Chess-rook — A bearing which resembles

18

Chester — Cleche.

the rook, or castle, in chess.

CHESS-ROOK.
Chester — One of the heralds of the Col
lege of Arms.
Cheval Trap — [See calthrop.]
Chevalier — (shev'-a-lier) A horseman
armed at all points.
Cheveron — [See chevron.]
Chevron — (shev'-ron) One of the honor
able ordinaries. It is rafter-shaped, and
its breadth is one-fifth of the field. Its
diminutives are the Chevronel , which is
one-fifth of its breadth ; and the Couple-
close, one-quarter. When repeated up to
three they may be chevrons or chevron-
els; exceeding three, the bearing is chev
ronny, unless the number is specified.

CHEVRON.
Chevron Couped— Applied to a chevron
which does not reach the sides of an
escutcheon. Chevron in Chief — One which rises
to the top of the shield.

Chevronel — (shev'-ron-el) A diminutive
of the chevron, being half its breadth.
Chevronne — [See chevronny.]
Chevronny — (shev'-ron-ny) A shield laid
out in partitions chevronwise.
Chief — The head or upper part of the
shield, containing a third of the field, and
is divided off by one line, either straight
or crenelle (indented). When one chief
is borne upon another it is called sur
mounting.

chief.
In Chief — Anything borne in the chief.
On Chief — When' the chief is charged
with anything.
Chief Point — The uppermost part of the
shield, and can be either dexter, middle
or sinister.
Chiinrern — (ki-me'-ra) A modification of
some existing animal, such as the winged
lion of St. Mark, the dragon, etc.
Chongh — (shuff) [See aylet.]
Cinouefoil — (sink'-foil) A five-pointed
leaf; usually borne without a stem.
Clarenceux — (Clar'-en-saw) The title of
the second King-of-Arms. He ranks next
to Garter.
Clnrion— (klar'-i-un) An instrument some
what resembling a trumpet. The clarion
borne by Granville, however, resembles
the pan-pipe.
Cleche — (clay'-shay) A cross charged with
another of the same design, but having

Clouee — Compartment.

19

the same color as the field, leaving only
a narrow border of the first cross visible.
(Can be used of other bearings.) [Com
pare with VOIDED.]

cross cleche.
Clouee — (klu'ay) [French.] Saifl of the
fretty when nailed at the joints.
Close — The wings of a bird close to the
body.
Closed — Applied to a bird borne with
wings folded close to the body.
Closet — A diminutive of the bar, being
one-quarter the breadth of that bearing.

Closeted — Inclosed within closets ;
plied with closets.
Coambulant — Walking together.

sup-

Coat — Coat of Arms, Coat-Armor, Cote-
Armure, etc. — Originally armorial bear
ings were embroidered on the surcoat of
the wearer. The term is now used for
the escutcheon, or shield, when arms are
displayed. [For further information on
coats of arms see arms.]
Cock — This fowl is generally borne as a
crest, but occasionally appears on tbe
shield. When the beak, comb, wattles and
spur are given, he is said to be beaked,
wattled (or jewlapped) and armed.
Cockatrice — A fabulous animal supposed
to have been produced from a cock's egg
hatched by a serpent. [See basilisk.]
Co-erectant — (co-erect'-ant) Applying to
things set up side by side.
Coeur — Tbe heart of tbe shield. The same
as the center or fesse point.
Cognizance — [See badge.]

Collar — An ornament for the neck worn
by a knight or other member as a badge
of that order.
Collared — The same as gorged.
College of Arms — (Or Heralds' Col
lege) is located on Queen Victoria street,
E. C, London, a royal corporation found
ed by King Richard III. It consists at
present of the Earl Marshal, his secre
tary, a Registrar, three Kings at Arms —
Garter, Clarenceux and Norry — and the
following Heralds : Chester, Lancashire,
York, Somerset, Richmond and Windsor.
There are also four Pursuivants — Rouge
Croix, Bluemantle, Rouge Dragon and
Portcullis — besides. various other officers.
This institution determines all questions
relating to arms and grants of armorial
bearings. The office of Earl Marshal is
, now hereditary, being held by the Dukes
of Norfolk. The corresponding college
for Scotland is know as Lyon Court, and
that of Ireland Office of Arms.
Color — For the colors of heraldry see
TINCTURE.
Combatant — (com'-bat-ant) A term ap
plied to beasts borne face to face, as In
the attitude of fighting.
(Also written Combattant.)

COMBATANT.
Community — Arms of Community. [See
under arms.
Companion — A term applied to a certain
grade of members in some of the knightly
orders, as, a Companion of the Bath.
Companionship — The rank of a knight
companion of certain orders.
Compartment — The partitions and quar-
terings of the escutcheon according to
the coat in it.

20

Compone — Coronet.

Compone — [See compony.]
Componed — [See compony.]
Compony — (com-po'ny) A border, bend,
etc., composed of a row of squares con
sisting of colors and metals. (Sometimes
written compone'.)

compony.
Compony Counter-compony— The same
as above, but arranged in two rows.
Composed — Arms Composed are the addi
tion by a gentleman to his own armorial
bearings of a portion of those borne by
his wife. The practice is now obsolete,
the device of marshalling the arms of
one's wife with bis own having rendered
its continuance unnecessary. (Gloss, of
Her.)
Concaved — When ordinaries, etc., are
bowed in the form of an arch they are
sometimes referred to as concaved.

Concession — Arms of Concession.
under arms.]

[See

Confronte— (kon'-frun'-tay') Face toface;
two animals facing each other.

confronts.

Conger — (kon'-ger) An eel. Specifically,
the large sea eel found on the coast of
Britain.
Contourne — ( kon'-toor'-nay ' ) [French. ]
Turned in a direction not the usual one.
Applied to a lion or other animal statant,
passant, courant, etc., with its face to the
sinister side of the escutcheon. (Some
writers use the word "counter" in this
sense.)
Contre— (con'-tre) [French] Used, in com
position, to describe several bearings
when they cut the shield in a contrary
and opposite manner. Example : Contre-
chevron, alluding to two chevrons oppo
site to each other — where color opposes
metal and metal opposes color.
Contey — (co'-ney) This is the heraldic
rabbit. (Also written cony, coni, conni
and conig.)
Corbeau — The same as CORBIE.
Corbie — (kor'-by) A raven ; a crow. (AUa
written corby.)
Corby — The same as corbie.
Cordal — (cord'-al) A string of the robe of
state, composed of silk and gold threads,
twisted like a cord, and having a tassel
at the end.
Corded — Bound or wound round with
cords.
Cordon — (cor'-don) A ribbon worn across
the breast by knights of some orders.
Cork — One of the heralds of the Office of
Arms, Ireland.
Corned — When the horns of a beast, such
as the bull, are of a different tincture
from that of the body he is then said to
be corned of that tincture. [See armed 3.]
Cornished — (corn'-ished) Adorned witha
cornish or molding.
Coronet — An inferior sort of crown worn
by nobles. The Prince of Wales' coronet
consists of a circle of gold, jeweled, edged
above with four crosses patee and as
many fleur-de-lis, and closed with four
bars and an orb and cross. A duke's cor
onet is bordered with eight strawberry
leaves ; that of a marquis with four, al
ternating with four pearls ; that of an

Cost — Counterpoint*.

21

earl has eight strawberry leaves alter
nating with eight pearls ; the viscount
uses pearls only, but of an indefinite num
ber, while the baron is restricted to four
pearls only.
X The bishops of England have no coro
net, but ensign their arms with a mitre.
Cost — One of the subordinaries, being a
diminutive of the bend. When borne in
pairs it is called Cottise.
Cotise — [See cottise.]
Cotised — [See cottised.]
Cottise — (cot'-tise) The same as cost.
Cottised — (cot'-tised) A term applied to
ordinaries when borne between two eot-
tises.
Couchant — (couch'-ant) Applied toanan-
imal lying down, with head raised.

couchant.
If This term differs from dormant in
that in tbe latter sense the beast is rep
resented sleeping.
Couche — (coo-shey') [French.] Said of
anything lying sideways, as a chevron
couche=si chevron placed sideways.
Counter — In an opposite direction ; con
trary to the usual position. Sometimes
used to denote an animal facing the sinis
ter side of the shield. [In this sense see
Contourne. ]
Counter-attired — Applied to the dou
ble horns of animals when borne two
one way and two another — in opposite di
rections. Counter - chevronne — Chevronny di
vided palewise. (Said of the field.) The
equivalent of chevronnfi, of chevronny.

Counter-compony — A border, bend,
etc., which is composed of two rows of
checkers of alternate tinctures.
Counter -couchant — Animals borne
couchant, their heads being in opposite
directions. Counter-courant — Said of two ani
mals borne courant, and with their heads
in opposite directions.
Counter-embattled — Applied to an
ordinary embattled on both sides.
Counter-ermine — The contrary of er
mine, being a black field with white spots.
[See Ermines.]
Counter-fleury— A term used to show
that the flowers adorning an ordinary
stand opposite to each other.
Counter-passant — Applied to two an
imals borne passant going in contrary
ways. Counter-potence — Said of potences
when placed opposite each other.
Counter-quartered — When each quar
ter of an escutcheon is again quartered.
Counter-salient — Applied to two an
imals borne salient in opposite directions.
Counter-trippant — Animals trippant
in opposite directions.

Counter-tripping-
ter-trippant. Counter-vair — A variety of vair, in
which the cups or bells are arranged base
to base and point to point.
COUNTER-VAIRY-
vair.

¦The same as Coun-

-The same Counter-

Counterchanged — A term which denotes
that the field is of two tinctures, metal
and color ; that part of the charge which
lies in tbe metal being of color, and that
part which lies in the color being metal.
Connterpaled — A term used of an es
cutcheon which 'is divided into an equal
* number of pieces palewise by a line fesse-
wise, the tinctures above and below the
fesse line being eounterchanged.
Connterpointe — (-point-e1) Made use of
to describe two chevrons which meetwith
their points in the center of the shield,

22

Couped — Crest.

counter to each other.
contrepointe.)

(The French use

COUNTERPOINTE.
Couped — (koop'd) Said of an animal hav
ing the head or any limb cut clean off
from the body.
U A head couped is a head having the
appearance of being cut off with a sharp
knife.

COUPED.
Couple-close — One of the diminutives of
the chevron, beingone-quarterthebreadth
of that ordinary. It is borne in pairs,
inclosing the chevron. (Sometimes wri-
ten couple-closs. )
Couple-closed — Inclosed by tbe couple-
close ; as, "A chevron couple-closed.
Coward — Said of beasts represented with
the tail between the legs.
Crainpit — The cramp-iron of a scabbard.
Cramponee — (cramp-on'-ay) A crosshav-
ing at each end a cramp or crampoon.

CRAMPONEE.
Crenellated — (cre'-nel-la-ted) An ordi
nary indented as with crenelles.
Crescent — A bearing resembling the half
moon with the points turned up. When
used as a mark of cadency it denotes the
second son.

CRESCENT.
H When the points of the crescent face
dexter it is increscent; toward sinister,
decrescent.
Crest — Originally the crest was the orna-

Crined — Cross.

23

ment of the helmet, or headpiece, and
also afforded protection against a blow.
In the early roles it was scarcely noticed,
but in later armorial grants it came into
general use. Crests, like arms, were some
times allusive. Thus, Grey of Wilton
used a gray, or badger, and Lord Wells a
bucket and chain. In the early days of
the crest it was confined to persons of
rank, but in latter times it has been In
cluded in every grant of arms.
H A coronet or helmet below the crest
is not a mark of rank.
Crined — Used to describe an animal hav
ing its hair of a different tincture.
Croisant — (crois'-ant) A cross the ends
of which terminate in crescents.
Cross — One of the earliest and noblest of
the "honorable ordinaries. When borne
plain it is blazoned simply as a cross.
There are, however, more than a hun
dred varieties, some of the better known
being the following :
Anchored, Fitchee,
Avellane, Flory,
Bezant, Formee,
Bottony, Moline,'
Cablee, Patee,
Calvary, Potent,
Chain, Recercelee
Cleche, Voided.
Crosslet,
Cross anchored — A cross in which
the limbs terminate in anchors.

cross anchored.
Cross Avellane — Ending in filbert
husks. Cross bezant — A cross composed of
bezants joined together.
Cross bottany — With the limbs term

inating in budlike prominences.

cross bottony.
Cross cablee — A cross made up of
two cables.

cross cablee.
Cross corded— A cross bound or wound
round with cords. (This term is some
times applied, though erroneously, to the
Cabl6e.) Cross cleche — A cross charged with
another cross, of the same color of the
field, so large that only a narrow border
of the first cross remains visible.
Cross crosslet — A cross having the
three upper ends terminating in three lit
tle crosses. It is usualy borne in num-

cross crosslet.

24

Cross — Crossbow.

hers, but this is not always the case.
Cross fitchee — Sharpened at tbelow-
er part ; pointed like a dagger. The arms
of the See of Canterbury represent four
crosses patee fitchee.

cross fitchee.
Cross fleury — Adorned at the ends
with flowers, generally tbe fleur-de-lis.
Cross fourchee — Having the ends
forked as branches, with the ends termi
nating abruptly, as if cut off.

cross fourchee.
Cross formee— -Resembling the cross
patee, but differing in that its extremi
ties reach the edge of the field.
Cross moline — So called because its
shape resembles a millfind (the iron
clamp of the upper millstone). It is
borne both inverted and rebated, and
sometimes saltirewise or in saltire. When
used as a mark of cadency it represents
the eighth son.
Cross of Calvary (or Cross of the
Crucifixion) — Represented mounted on
three steps.
Cross of St. George — A plain red
cross on a white field. It would be bla
zoned "Argent, a cross gules."

Cross patee — The emblem of the
Knights of St. John, and is known as the
Croix de Malthe. It spreads out at the
ends. Cross patonce — This has expanded
ends like the cross patee, but each termi
nates in three points.
Cross pommee — With the ends termi
nating in single balls.

cross pommee.
Cross potent — One which has its ends
T-sbaped, or resembling a crutch. (Also
written potence.)
Cross raguly — A notched or jagged
cross.

cross raguly.
Cross recercelee — A cross whose
ends are split and curled outward. It is
usually voided.
Cross urdee — Differs from an ordi
nary cross only in that the extremities
are drawn to a sharp point instead of be
ing cut straight.
Cross voided — A cross in outline only.
Cross-bar — Sometimes used to designate
the bar sinister ; a mark of illegitimacy.
Crossbow — [See arblast.]

Crossed — Debruised.

25

Crossed — Borne crosswise.
Crosswise — In the figure of a cross. (Es
sentially the same as crossed.)
Crown — The crown of a sovereign prince
is usually closed at the top byfourarched
bars, called diadems, and surmounted by
a globe and cross.
H A crown placed below the crest does
not denote the rank of the bearer.
Iron crown — A crown which, besides
its gold and jewels, contains a thin circle
of iron, said to have been made from a
nail of Christ's cross. It was first used
at the coronation of the Lombird kings
in A. D. 591. Napoleon I was crowned
with it at Milan in 1805.
Crowned — Surmounted by a crown. Some
times a beast, generally the lion, is
crowned royally or ducally.
Crucilly — (cru'sil-ly) Said of a charge or
field strewn with crosses.
Crusade — One of several expeditions of
Christian knights against the Mohamme
dans in the Holy Land. There were seven
distinct crusades.
Crusader — One who took part in the cru
sades.
Cubit arm — An arm cut off at the elbow.
Cuppa — (kup'-pa) A fur composed of any
metal and color. Also called Potent-
counter-potent.
Currant — The same as courant. (Univer
sal Diet.)
Curvant — (kurv'-ant) Curved ; bowed.
Cygnet royal — ("sig'-net) A swan gorged

cygnet royal.
with a ducal coronet, and a chain at
tached thereto, being reflexed over the
back.

D.

Damasked— (dam'-askd) A field orchacge
covered with smallsquares. [SeeDiAPER.]
Dancette — (daN'-sa'-tay') Divided into
large zigzags; resembling the zigzag mold
ing peculiar to Norman architecture.
H Dancette i differs from indented in
that the former has deeper and wider
notches.
Daney — (dan'sy) The same as dancette.
Dauphin — (dau'-fin) [French.] The title
of the eldest son of the king of France
or the heir apparent to the throne under
the old monarchy. [Dolphin.]
H The title is said to have come from
the following circumstance: Humbert
II Lord of Vinne, who bore for a crest a
dolphin (O. Fr. daulphin), in the ninth
century, bequeathed his lordsHip as an
appanage to the French throne on con
dition that tbe eldest son always bore
the title of Dauphin of Viennois.
Debased — Turned over ; inverted.
Debased heraldry— Unheraldic. There
are a number of examples that could be
placed under this head. For instance,
one grant of arms shows negroes working
on a plantation; another has Chinamen
carrying cinnamon ; a Bishop of Elybore,
among other things, three kings, on be
zants, crowned, robed sable, doubled er
mine, a covered cup in the right hand
and a sword in the left, both or ; the
grant to Lord Nelson, as well as some of
his officers, were altogether unheraldic.
Debruised— (de-bruzd') Applied to a bend
when placed over an animal in such a
manner as to seem to restrain its freedom.

debruised.

26

Dechausse — Diaper.

Dechausse — (day-sho'-say) [French.] The
same as dismembered.
Decked — Said of a bird when its feathers
are trimmed or edged with a small line
of another color.
Declinant— (dek'-lin-ant) Used indescrib-
ing a serpent whose tail is represented
straight downward. (Also called Dec-
livant. )
Declivant — (dek'-liv-ant) The same as
declinant.
Decouple— (de-koup'-lay) [French.] Part
ed; severed. (The same as uncoupled.)
Decrement — (dec're-ment) The wane of
tbe moon from full to last quarter. [See
DECRESCENT.]
Decrescent — (de-kres'-sent) Said of the
moon when in her decrement. When the
crescent is borne with its points toward
the sinister side of the shield it is termed
decrescent.
Defamed — An epithet applied to an ani
mal which has lost its tail.
Degraded — This word describes a cross

cross degraded and conjoined.
that has steps at each end, diminishing
as they ascend toward the center.
Cross degraded and conjoined — A
plain cross having degraded steps joined
to the sides of the shield.
Delf — One of the abatements ; a mark of
disgrace, indicating that a challenge has
been revoked or one's word broken. The
delf is represented by a square-cut sod of
earth, turf. etc. [See also abatement.]
Delve — (delv) The same as billet.

Demembre — (da-mem'-bray) [French.]
The same as dismembered.
Demi — Said of any charge borne half, as
a demi-lion. (Also written demy.)
Demi-garter — [See perclose.]
Dent — Indented. (Universal Diet.)
Dentelle — (den-tel') [French.] The same
as indented.
Depressed — The same as debruised.
Descending — Said of an animal or bird
the head of which is represented turned
toward the base of tbe shield.
Descent — Coming down from above. Ex
ample : A lion in descent=with his head
toward the base point and his heels
toward one of the corners of the chief, as
if in the act of leaping down from some
high place.
Detriment — (det'-ri-ment) Used some
times to describe tbe moon on the wane
or in eclipse.
Developed — Unfurled, as colors flying.
Device — An emblem, intended to represent
a family, person, action or quality, with
a suitable motto. It generally consists
in a metaphorical similtude between the
thing representing and the person or
thing represented.
Devouring — The same as vorant.
Dexter — The right ; situated on the right.
The dexter side of the shield is that op
posite the left hand of the spectator.
Dexter chief point — A point in the
upper right-hand corner of the shield.

dexter chief point.
Diaper — (di'-a-per) A ground pattern, usu
ally in squares or lozenges.

Diapered — Displayed.

27

Diapered — (di'-a-perd) A shield diapered
is one covered with a ground pattern,
generally of squares or lozenges, with a
flower scroll work or other ornament in
each compartment. The idea is supposed
to have been copied from the linen cloths
of Ypress.

"gigiairjrjigjp* JBpigiajIgiiflliB)![pigiigiipipia'iail jpigtSligliailtillsli pligSllgli5l(gliDi| iligilgllgligilangii liSHgiyijjrQiiBii &Dii2iiaiiail

diapered.
H While there are a number of early ex
amples of diapered shields, it cannot be
called strictly heraldic.
Diadem — An arch rising from the rim of
a crown and uniting with other arches to
form a center, which serves to support
the globe and cross or fleur-de-lis as a
crest.
Difference — Some figure of mark added

MARKS OF DIFFERENCE.
to a coat of arms to distinguish one fam
ily from another. Modern marks of dif

ference, or Marks of Cadence, are :
1— Lable, 6-Fleur-de-lis,
2— Crescent, 1— Rose,
3— Mullet, 8— Cross Moliue,
4— Martlet, 9— Octofoil.
5 — Annulet,
Differenced — Marked or distinguished by
a difference.
Dimidiate — (di-mid'-i-ate) To represent
the half of any charge.
Dimidiation — [See dimidiate.]
Diminution — (di-mi-nu'-shon) The defac
ing of some particular point in an es
cutcheon.
Diminntive — (di-min'-u-tive) Something
smaller than the regular size ; on a small
er scale. For instance, the diminutive of
the Bend is the Bendlet, being half its
width.
Dingwall — One of the pursuivants of the
Lord Lyon's Court, Scotland.
Disarmed — Applied to a bird or beast de
prived of claws, teeth or beak.
Disclosed — A term used to describe a bird
when its wings are spread open on each
side, but the points downward.

DISCLOSED.
Disclosed elevated — The same as dis
closed, except that the points are ele
vated.
Dismembered — Applied to birds having
neither feet nor legs ; also, to animals
"whose members are separated.
Displayed— Said of any bird of prey borne

28

Distillatory — Dwale.

erect, with the wings expanded. Applied
especially to the eagle.

displayed.
H This term is not to be confused with
DISCLOSED.
Distillatory — (dis-til'-la-tory) A charge
borne by the Distillers' Company, and
usually blazoned : "A distillatory double
armed, on a fire, with two worms and
bolt receivers." (Ogilvie.)
IJThe distillatory is an apparatus used
for distillation.
Disveloped — (dis-vel'-opd) Displayed, as
a standard or colors when open and fly
ing. (Universal Diet.)
Dog — The dog figures in heraldry in vari
ous forms and under different names.
The alaund, or hunting dog, seems to
have been the most popular. Lord Dacre
used it as a supporter. Henry VIII had
his arms and badge placed on the collars
of his hunting dogs. In the brass of Sir
Brian Stapleton at Ingham the knight
rests his foot on a dog. Tbe earls of
Shrewsbury use the talbot. or mastiff, to
support their shield. Burton of Falde
bore three talbots' beads erased or, while
Mauleverer of Allerton Mauleverer had
three greyhounds on his shield.
H The dog is generally blazoned as a
talbot.
Dolphin — (dol'-fin) The dolphin is herald-
ically a fish, irregardless of what it may
be zoologically or astronomically. When
used as a charge it may be extended and
natant or hauriant, etc. Fishacre of
Fishacre bore "Gules, a dolphin natant
argent." The dolphin was the emblem of
the Dauphins of France. [See also dau
phin.]

Dominion — [See Arms of Dominion, un
der ARMS.]
Dormant — In a sleeping posture.

DORMANT.
Dorsed — The same as aversant.
Doubling — The lining of robes of state;
also the mantlings borne around tbe
achievement of arms.
Dragon — The dragon is of ancient date
and played a prominent part in early ro
mance, though little used in English her
aldry. He is usually depicted with four
legs and wings, a long barbed tail, usu
ally knotted, and a body protected by
scales. When the dragon is drawn with
out wings he is called a lindworm ; with
out feet, a serpent ; when he hangs by the
head, it represents a conquered dragon.
Dragonnee — (dra-gon'-nay) A fabulous
beast, the upper part resembling a lion,
and the lower part the wings and tail of
a dragon.
Drops — The same as guttes.
Dublin — One of the heralds of the Office
of Arms, Ireland.
Ducal coronet — The head attire of a
duke, consisting of a circle of chased
gold, with eight strawberry leaves on its
upper edge, a cap of crimson velvet, ter
minating at the top with a gold tassel.
When a coronet is used in a crest it is
generally the ducal.
Duke — The highest rank in the peerage of
Great Britain.
Dwale — (dwal) — The tincture sable, or
black, when blazoned according to the
fantastic system in which plants are sub
stituted for the tinctures. (Webster.)

Eagle— Embattled.

29

Eagle — The Eagle plays an important part
in heraldry in almost every part of the
globe. Its earliest rise to popularity,
however, was in Germany, where, after
it became the emblem of the empire, it
was adopted by some the princes and
many of the nobles. A double-headed eagle
is also the emblem of Russia and Aus
tria. On the role of Henry III the eagle
appears but twice, but in the roll of Ed
ward II there are forty-three example of
it. Nobles of tbe Holy Roman Empire
place their shields on the breast of an
eagle, examples of which may be seen in
the arms of the Duke of Marlborough, the
Earl of Denbigh and Lord Arundel of
Wardour. The imperial eagle is invariably repre
sented as two-headed. th» origin of which
is obscure. Charlemagne is said to have
used it to signify that in his hands was
the government of both the Roman and
German empires.

bicapitated.
(Two-headed Eagle.)
The eagle is generally borne displayed ;
that is, upright, breast to the front, and
legs, tail and wings expanded (common
ly called a "spread eagle").
U The Bald Eagle, adopted as the na
tional emblem of the United States, is a
large and powerful bird, with a far
greater spread of wing than the Euro
pean white-tailed species.
Eared — Applied to animals borne with the
ears of a different color from that of the
body. In such a case the animal is said
to be "eared of" such a color or metal.

Earl — The title of an English noble, the
third in rank, coming next below a mar
quis. Earl's coronet — The head attire of
an earl, sometimes used in blazonry. The
crest of Davidson in Carlisle Cathedral
shows a bird rising out of an earl's coro
net. This in unusual, however. Gen-
¦ erally a ducal coronet is used.
Earl Marshal — An English office of
great antiquity, and is now hereditary
with the Dukes of Norfolk. Tbe Earl
Marshal is the head of the College of
Arms, which institution determines all
questions relating to arms and grants of
armorial bearings.
Earl Marshal's Court — An institu
tion formerly existing in England, pre
sided over by the Earl Marshal, in which
all questions and disputes concerning
coats of arms were settled. It has since
been abolished.
Edged — Applied to an ordinary to denote
that the edging is placed only between
the ordinary and the field, and not where
it joins the escutcheon.
Effiare — (af-fa'-ray) [French.] Said of an
animal when represented as rearing on
its hind legs from fright or rage.
Eight-foil — A grass that has eight leaves.
[See octofoil.]
Elevated — Applied to tbe wings of a bird
when upright and expanded.
Embattled — Indented like a battlement.

embattled.
The notch in a parapet is called an
embrasure, and tbe intermediate piece of
masonry a merlon. When a second and
smaller merlon is placed on tbe first tbe
battlement is said to be stopped.

30

Emblazon — Engrailed.

Embattled counter-embattled — Em
battled on both faces of the ordinary.
Embattled grady — One embattlement
upon another.
Emblazon — To blazon; to place and ar
range figures armorial.
Einblazoner — One who blazons.
Emblazonment — The act or art of bla-
zouing; blazonry.
Emblazonry — Heraldic representations
or decorations.
Embordered — (-bor'-derd) having a bor
der of the same tincture as the field.
Embordnred — (-bor'-durd) The same as
embordered.
Embowed — (-bow'd) Bent or bowed.
Embraced — Braced together ; bound or
tied together.
Embraznre — [See EMBATTLED.]
Embroidery — A term applied to a hill or
mount with several copings or rises and
falls.
Embrued — (-brud') Said of the mouths
of beasts when bloody from devouring
their prey ; also applied to a weapon rep
resented as covered or sprinkled with
blood.
Emerald — Green. [See vert.]
Empaled — (-paled') This is a term used
to describe a shield in which coats of
arms are placed side by side, each occu
pying one-half the escutcheon. The shield
is divided by a line down the center (per
pale). The arms of the husband are
placed on the dexter side, and those of
the wife on the sinister. [Empalement.]
Empalement — Two coats of arms placed
on a shield palewise.
Enaluron — (en-a-lu'ron) Applied to a
bordure charged with eight birds.
Enarehed — Arched.
Enarmeil— Represented with horns, hoofs,
etc., of a different color from that of the
body.
Enclave — (in-kla've) [French.] Anything
which Is represented as let into some

thing else, particularly when the bearing
.so let in is square.
Endorse — One of the diminutives of the
pale, being one-eighth the breadth of that
ordinary. The endorse is used only in
pairs — one on each side of the pale. This
subordinary, like the pallet, was unknown
in ancient heraldry.

Endorsed- each side.

-A pale having an endorse on

Entiled — Used to describe a sword drawn
as transfixing the head of a man or ani
mal, a coronet or other object.
Englante— (an-glan'-tay) [French.] Bear
ing acorns or something similar.
Englislet — (eng'-lis-let) An escutcheon of
pretense.
Engoulee — (an-goo'-lay) An epithet ap
plied to a bend, cross, saltire, etc., when
the ends enter the mouths of lions, tigers
or other animals.

engoulee.
Engrail — (-grail') To indent in curved
lines ; to make ragged at the edges ; to
spot as with hail.
Engrailed— Indented in a series of curves.

engrailed.

Engr ailment — Ermines.

31

This is applied to one of the partition
lines, as well as to some bends, etc.
"Polwheel beareth a saultier engrailed."
— Carew.
Engrailment — The state of being en
grailed or indented in curved lines.
Enhanced — (en-hansd') Applied to an or
dinary when removed from its proper po
sition and placed higher up in the field.
Enleve — (an-lev'-S) [French.] Raised or
elevated.
Enmanche — (an-man'-shay [French.]
Covered with or resembling a sleeve. Said
when the chief has lines drawn from the
center of the upper edge to the sides to
about half the breadth of the chief.
[Maunch.]
Enraged— In a leaping posture. It is some
times used to describe the position of a
horse which in the case of other animals
would be saliant.
Ensign — To distinguish by a mark or orn
ament^ such as a crown, coronet, mitre,
etc. A bishop, for instance, ensigns his
arms with a mitre.
Prelates of the Roman Catholic Church
ensign their shields with a hat, the tas
sels of which indicate their rank. A car
dinal has four rows of red tassels, an
archbishop four rows of green tassels, a
bishop has three rows and an abbot two,
the latter's hat being black. Prelates
and legates place a patriarchal cross in
pale behind their shield.
A staff is sometimes said to beensigned
with a flag.
Ensigned — [See ensign.]
Ente — (an-tay') [French.] Applied to an
engrafted emblazonment. (Also written
antt.)
Entoured — (en-toord') Said of a shield
decorated with branches.
Entwined — The same as enveloped.
Entwisted — The same as enveloped.
Enurny — (en-ur'-ny) A term used to de
scribe a bordure charged with eight ani
mals of any kind.
U When birds are used enalurion is the
proper term.

Enveloped — Applied to charges around
which serpents are entwined. Also used
in the case of laurel or other plants.
Environed — (-vi'-rond) Encircled; bound
round or about.
Erased — (e-ras'd) A term applied to the
head of an animal or other bearing hav
ing the appearance of being forcibly torn
off, leaving jagged or uneven ends.

erased.
U Erased is the opposite of couped, the
latter meaning cut off even, straight.
Eradicated — A tree torn up by its roots.
Ericins — [See hedgehog.]
Ermelin — [See ermine.]
Ermine — (er'-min) One of the furs used
in blazoning, representing the skin of the
little animal of that name. A field of
ermine is white with black spots of a
particular shape.

• * •
"f* ^ $ ^
.* * * *

ERMINE.
The animal ermine is scarcely known
in heraldry, although its fur is widely
borne.
Ermines — The reverse of Ermine, being
white spots on a black field. (Sometimes
described as counter-ermine.)

32

Erminites — Estoile .

Erminites — (er-min'-ites) The same as
Ermine, but with one red hair on each
side of the ermine spots.
Erminois — (er'-min-wa) The same as Er
mine, except that the field is gold and
tbe spots black.
Escarbuncle — (es'-kar-bun-k'l) A charge
or bearing supposed to represent the
precious stone carbuncle, being a cross
of eight rays set with knobs and the arms
ending in fleur-de-lis. In another repre
sentation of this bearing the ends are
connected by cross-bars. (Also called
Carbuncle.)
Escallop — es-kol'-up) The figure of a
scallop shell. This was originally worn
to signify that the wearer had made a
pilgrimage to the shrine of St. James,
Compostella, Spain. Later on it was
placed on the shield to show that the
bearer or an ancestor had been a Cru
sader or had made a long pilgrimage.
Escallopee — (es-kol'-lo-pay) [French.]
An escutcheon or a bearing which is cov
ered with curved lines resembling scallop
shells. These lines should represent the
shells as overlapping each other.

ESCALLOPEE.
Escalloped — (es-kol'-oped) The same as
escallopee.
Escartel — (es-kar'-tel) To cut or notch in
a square form or across.
Escartelee — (-kar'-tel-ee) Cut or notched
in a square form or across.
Esclatte — (es-lclat'-ty) A term applied to
anything shivered by a battle axe.
Escrol — (es-krol') The same as scroll.

Escutcheon — (es-kuch'-un) The shield,
on which all lines are drawn and charges
delineated; the background on which coat
armor is represented ; known in blazon
as the field. It originally represented
the war shield of a knight, upon which
his arms were displayed.

escutcheon.
Escutcheon of Pretense — A small
shield bearing the arms of an heiress
placed in the center of her husband's
shield, instead of being impaled with his
arms.
Escntcheoned — (es-kuch'-und) Having a
coat of arms ; supplied with an escutch
eon ; placed in an escutcheon.
Esquire— Formerly an armor-bearer or at
tendant upon a knight.
Essorant — (es'-so-rant) Said of a bird
represented with its wings half open, as
if preparing to take flight.
Estoile — (es'-twal) [French.] A starwith
six wavy points. It is different from a

ESTOILE
mullet, the later having only five points,
and these are straight.

Estoilee — Fish.

33

Extendant- DISPLAYED.

Estoilee — (es'-twal-ee) [French.] A star
with four long rays in the form of a
cross, tapering from the center to the
points. (Also called a Cross Estoilee.)
•(ex-tend'-ant) The same as
(Wings extended.)
Eyed — A term made use of in speaking of
the spots in a peacock's tail.
Eyrant — (i'-rant) Applied to
other birds in their nests.

Faillis — (fail'-Iis) [French.] A fracture
in an ordinary, as if it were broken or a
splinter taken from it.
Falcon— The Falcon makes its appearance
frequently in heraldry. When it is borne
with jesses (leather thongs about its
legs), a hood and bells, it is said to be
"jessed, hooded and belled." When rep
resented as feeding, it is "at prey." The
falcon is also known as a gerfalcon, pere
grine falcon and tiercelet.
The lure was a bunch of feathers by
which the bird was taught to return.
False — Said of a charge when the central
area is removed.
Family — Arms of Family. [See under
ARMS.]
Feathered— Applied to an arrow in which
the feather is of a different tincture from
the shaft.
Per de cheval — A horseshoe.
Per de moline — The same as millrind.
Fess — [See fesse.]
Fesse — (fes) One of the ordinaries. A

strip or band placed horizontally across
the shield, occupying one-third of the
field. Its diminutives are the bar, the
barrulet and the closet.
H The term fessey is never used.
Fesse line — The line constituting the
fesse.

Fesse point-
sbield.

-The exact center of the

Fesseways — The same as fessewise.
Fessewise — In the. sape of a fesse ; after
the manner of a fesse.
Fetterlock— Sometimes borne as a charge.

fetterlock.
"A fetterlock and a shaeklebolt azure —
what may that meanV—Ivanhoe.
Feudal — Feudal Arms. [See under arms.]
Fiched — [See fitchee.]
Field — The surface of a shield upon which
the charges or bearings are blazoned ; or,
of each separate coat when the shield is
quartered or impaled.
Fillet — (fil'-let) A bearing equaling in
breadth one-fourth of the chief. It is a
narrow strip laid upon the chief, a little
above its lower margin. Guillim men
tions the fillet as the diminutive of the
chief.
Fimbriated — (fim'-bri-a-ted) Ornamented
with a narrow border or hem of another
tincture.
Fireball— A charge resembling tbe ancient
war instrument of that name, which was
an oval-shaped projectile made of canvas
and filled with combustible composition.
Fish — Fishes do not appear frequently in

34

Fissure — Fleury.

heraldry, and are rarely seen in the
earlier coats. Among those used are :
Barbel, Luce,
Chalbot, Roach,
Conger, Trout,
Dolphin, Whale.
Herring,
[The above are all heraldically fish,
irregardless of their position in any other
science.] The fish may be borne natant, horizon
tal ; haurient, vertical; embowed, bent.
Fissure — (fi'-sure) Tbe fourth part of the
bend sinister. [See baton.]
Fitehed — [See fitchee.]
Fitchee — (fitsh'y) Pointed likea dagger ;
sharpened at the lower extremity. Fitchee
is generally applied to crosses that taper
from the center downward. Fitchee at
the foot is used when the tapering begins
near the bottom of the cross.

cross fitchee.
Fitchy — [See fitchee.]
Flamant — (flam'-ant) Flaming, burning.
blazing; a torch; a firebrand.
Flanch — The segment of a circle taken

flanches.
out of the two sides or flanks of the I

shield, the margin of which forms the
cord. (Also written flasque, flanque and
flaunch.) 11 The flanch is always used in pairs —
one on each side. Its diminutive is the
voider. Neither is of great antiquity.
Flasque — The same as flanch.
Flauneh — [See flanch.]
Flectant — (flect'-ant) Bent serpentine
fashion, like tbe letter S. (Essentially
the same as embowed.)
Fleeted — [See embowed.]
Fleur-de-lis — ( flur'-de-lee' ) Heraldically
this is a flower, and stands at the head
of the flowers of heraldry. Its origin is
unknown, one "authority" claiming that
it was brought down from heaven by an
angel for the arms of France. It is also
said to mean the flower of Louis (Fleur
de Louis), and was certainly used by
Louis VII. It is undoubtedly the "flower
of the lily."

FLEUR-DE-LIS.
Originally the royal banner of France
was seme of lis (completely covered with
fleur-de-lis) ; but from the time of Charles
VI it has consisted of three golden fleur-
de-lis on a blue field.
Tbe fleur-de-lis did not at first meet
with much favor in England, and did not
become popular, in fact, until its assump
tion by Edward III. The French quar
tering in the English royal arms was
abolished by George IV on his accession.
When used as a difference the fleur-de-
lis represents tbe sixth son.
Fleurette — [See fleury.]
Flenry — (flu'ry) A bearing adorned with
fleur-de-lis, trefoils, etc. (Also written
flory. floretty, flury and fleurettee.)

Flexed— Fretted.

35

Fleury Cross — (Cross Fleury.) A
cross adorned with fleur-de-lis, trefoils,
etc. A cross whose ends terminate in
flowers. (Also called a B'lourished Cross.)
Flexed — Bent, as an arm or limb. [Em
bowed.]
Floretty — The same as fleury.
Flory — -The same as fleury.
Flotant — (flo'-tant) Flying or streaming
in the air, as a flag flying to the breezes.
When applied to a bird it is the same as
VOLANT.

Flourished — [See fleury.]
Koldage— ( f old-ige ) Applied to leaves hav
ing several foldings and turnings, one
from the other.
Formee — (for-may') A cross having the
arms expanding toward the ends and flat
at tbe outer edges. It differs from the
cross patee in that the extremities of the
formee reach the edge of the field.
Fountain — A bearing resembling tbe
roundel. It is a disk divided by six lines
wavy, tinctured argent and azure, to rep
resent water.
Fourchee— (foor'-shay) Applied to across

cross fourchee.

having the ends forked as branches, and
with the ends of the branches terminat
ing abruptly as if cut off.
Fracted — (fract'-ed) Having a part dis
placed, as a chevron fracted.

FRACTED.
Fraise — A strawberry leaf.
Free — A term applied to a horse when rep
resented in a field.
Fret — A bearing composed of bars crossed
and interlaced, representing a trellis.
This was originally borne fretty. Usual
ly composed of eight pieces. When the
joints are nailed it is clouee.

Fretted— Applied to charges interlaced

36

Fretten — Gemelled.

with each, other.
Fretten — The same as fretted.
Fretty — Applied to a bordure of eight, ten
or more pieces, each reaching the ex
tremity of the shield, and interlaced
after the manner of the fret.
H The fret of eight parts was original
ly blazoned as fretty. For instance, Mal-
travers bore "Sable, fretty or." This
later became "Sable, a fret or."
Fructed — (fruct'-ed) Bearing fruit. Ap
plied to a tree or plant when so repre
sented.
Funeral escutcheon — [See hatch
ment.]
Fnriosant — (fur-i-os'-ant) An epithet ap
plied to a bull or other animal when rep
resented as in a rage or fury. (Also
called Rangant. )
Furnished — Said of a horse when borne
bridled, saddled and completely capari
soned.
Fusil — (fu'-sil) An elongated lozenge. The
word comes from the French fusean=&
spindle, and the bearing is supposed to
represent a distaff charged with yarn.

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fag
FUSIL.
"Fusils must be made long, and small
in the middle. In the ancient coat of
Montague [Montacute?], 'Argent, three
fusils in fesse gules.' " — Peacham.
It has been said the Perceys derived
their fusils from their lordship of Spin-
dleton.
G.
Gamb — The whole foreleg of a lion or
other beast. If couped or erased near
tbe middle joint is is called a paw.
Gambe — [See gamb.]
Garb — A sheaf of wheat. This was a popu
lar bearing, especially in Cheshir-e. Some
times it is banded of a different color.
H When the garb is used to designate
any other grain this must be specified.
Gardant — Applied to a beast represented
full-faced, or looking at the spectator,
whether the animal be rampant, passant
or otherwise. A beast of the chase — such
as the hart, stag or hind — when depicted
in this attitude is described as at gaze.
Garnished — (gar'-nished) Applied to any
charge provided with an ornament.
Garter — The same as bendlet.
Garter King-at-Arms — The principal
king-at-arms in England, by whom arms
are granted and conferred under the au
thority of the Earl Marshal. The office
was created by Henry V, in 1420.
Order of the Garter — This is the
most illustrious order of British knight
hood. It was instituted at Windsor by
Edward III in 1348. It consists of the
sovereign and 25 companions, of whom
the Prince of Wales is always one. In
more recent times foreign princes have
been admitted. The knights place the
initials "K. G." after their names, which
take precedence of all other titles except
those of royalty.
Gauntlet — Originally a glove of leather,
covered with plate metal to correspond
with the other parts of the armor. It
was at first worn without separate fingers.
Gaze — [See AT gaze.]
Gemel — (gem'-el) Parallel bars. [Bab.]
Gemelled — Supplied with bars gemel;
placed between barrulets. [Barrulet.]
[Bars gemel.]
Genuant — Griffon.

37

Genuant — (jen'-u-ant) Kneeling.
Gerb — [See garb.]
Gerbe — The French word sometimes used
for garb.
Gerfalcon — [See falcon.]
Gobonated — (go'-bo-nat-ed) Applied to a
bordure, bend, etc., divided into equal

GOBONATED.
parts forming squares, gobbets. (Called
also gobong or gobony. [Essentially the
same as compony.]
Gobone — [See gobonated.]
Gobony — [See gobonated.]
Gold — This metal in heraldry is known
as or.
Golden balls — The three golden balls
now universally seen as the pawnbrokers'
sign were taken from the arms of Lom-
hardy, Lombards having been the first
bankers and money lenders in London.
Golden Fleece — Order of the Golden
Fleece. — An order of knighthood insti
tuted by Philip the Good, Duke of Bur
gundy. It now belongs to both Spain
and Austria.
Gonfalon — (gon'-fa-lon) A banner fixed
in a frame made to turn like a ship's
vane ; with streamers or tails, generally
three.
Gore — A charge consisting of two curved
lines — one from sinister chief point; the
other from base middle point, meeting in

an acute angle at the fesse point.

GORE.
Gorged — An animal or bird is said to be
gorged when represented with a crown
or something similar around its neck. It
is then blazoned as "gorged with a
crown," etc.
Goshawk — A bird often used in falconry,
and somethings seen as a charge. Ridley
of Blaydon bore three goshawks argent.
Gradient — (gra'-di-ent) Applied to a tor
toise represented as walking.
Grady — Steps or degrees, or one battle
ment upon another. (Also called bat-
tled-embattled and embattled grady.)
Gray — A badger.

Green- VERT.

-This color in heraldry is known as

Grieee — A step ; one of the steps upon
which crosses are sometimes placed.
Griffon — A fabulous beast, generally drawn
with the body, legs and tail of a lion, the

GRIFFON.
head of a cock or an eagle, a pair of
wings and long, sharp claws. When rep-

38

Grittie — Gyronny.

resented on his hind legs he is segreant.
Griffon- male — A griffon without
wings and having large ears.
Grittie — Said of a field when composed
equally of metal and color.
Gryphon — [See griffon.]
Gnardant — [See gardant.]
Guelphic Order — (guel'-fick) An order
of knighthood instituted for Hanover on
August 12, 1815, by George IV of Eng
land, while still Prince Regent.

to give the color of

Gule — To color red ;
gules to.
Gules — (guelz) Red. This color on en
graved escutcheons is represented by ver
tical lines. "The showery arch
With listed colors gay — or, azure, gules —
Delights and puzzles the beholder's eye."
— J. Philips: Cider, it.
Gusset — An abatement ; a mark of dis
grace. It somewhat resembles a gusset,
and is formed by a line drawn from
either dexter or sinister chief point one-
third across the shield, thence descend
ing perpendicularly to the base. When

gusset.
on the dexter side of the escutcheon it is
an abatement for adultery ; when on the
sinister, for drunkenness. In this con
nection it is scarcely necessary to say
that the gusset has been rarely used.
(Sometimes called a gore.)
Gutte — A drop. It is pear shaped, with
a tail like a tear on funeral drapery, or
like a Rupert's drop. [See also guttee.]
Guttee— (gut'-tee) A shield sprinkled with
guttes, or drops. Like the roundel, their
name changes with the color, as follows :
Or, guttee d'or ; gules, guttee de sang ;

argent, guttee de l'eau ; sable, guttee de
poix ; azure, guttee de larmes ; vert,
guttee d'huile.

Gutty — [See guttee.]
Gme — A roundel tinctured sanguine, rep
resenting an eyeball. [See also roundel.]
Gyron — (gi'-ron) A subordinary. consist
ing of two straight lines, drawn from any
given part of the field, meeting in as
acute angle in the fesse point, it is •

GYRON.
Spanish ordinary, and is surposed to
come from the word giron, a gusse..
The gyron, which is an old bearing, is
seldom used singly.
Gyronny — (gi'-ron-ny) A field divided

Habited — Hedgehog.

39

into gyrons, generally eig sections.
When more than eight, the numoer must
be specified. For example : Bassing-
bourne — "Gyronny of 12, or and azure."

H.

Habited — Used to describe a man when
borne clothed.
Hand — The human hand plays its most
prominent part in heraldry as the device
of Ulster and the badge of baronets.
Dexter hand — The right.
Sinister hand — Tbe left.
Harbored — Applied to the hart, stag, etc.,
when lying down. The same as couch
ant In beasts of prey.)
Harrington knot — Another name for
the fret.
Harp — The harp is the emblem of Ireland.
Its origin as the badge of Erin is obscure,
but probably alludes to the instrument
of Brian Boroimhe.
Harpy — The heraldic Harpy is a vulture
with the head and breast of a woman.
Hart — The Hart, like the stag, is an old
bearing, though not of the earliest. John
Trie, son and heir of Alicia de Hertley,
bore "a hart's head caboched."
Hatchment — A black panel, lozenge-
shaped or square, but hung corner-wise.
on which the arms of a deceased person

hatchment.
are displayed ; usually hung on the walls
of his or her house.
The rules governing "the arrangement

of the hatchment are: For a bachelor.
his entire achievement on a black ground.
For a single woman, her arms are placed
upon a lozenge, bordered with knotted
ribbons, also on a black ground. For a
married man (as seen in the illustration),
his arms impale those of his wife, unless
she be an heiress, when they are placed
on an escutcheon of pretense, the crest
and other appendages added, the dexter
half of the ground being black and the
sinister white. For a wife, the same as
for a husband, except the sinister half is
black and the dexter white. For a wid
ower, the same as for a married man, ex
cept the whole ground is black. For a
widow, the husband's arms are given
with her own, but upon a lozenge. In
case there have been two wives or two
husbands, tbe ground is divided into
three parts per pale, the background of
the survivor being white. When the de
ceased is a military or naval officer, col
ors and military or naval emblems are
sometimes placed behind the arms.
"His obscure funeral:
No trophy, sword or hatchment o'er his bones."
— Shakespeare.
Hatchment is the same as achieve
ment. The word is a corruption of atcb-
ment, a shortened form of atchievement
(achievement). "By pulling down several atchieve-
ments (commonly called hatchments)."
— Wood: Fasti Oxon.
Haurient — (hfiu'-ri-ent) Applied to a fish
when borne palewise, or uprignt, as if
putting its head out of the water to draw
or suck in air.
Hansse— (hos'-say) [French.] The same
as ENHANCED.
Hawk's lure — [See LURE.]
Heart — The human heart is sometimes
borne. A case in point is the arms of
the Douglas family in allusion to the
mission of James Lord Douglas to tbe
Holy Land with the heart of Robert
Bruce. Douglas : "Argent, a man's heart
gules, ensigned by a royal crown proper,
on a chief azure two mullets of the first."
Hedprehos — Also known in heraldry as
the herisson and the ericus. The family
of Heriz bore "Azure, three hedgehogs
or. The Maxwells bear the hedgehog for
the lordship of Herris.

40

Helm — Humettee.

Helm — That part of a coat of arms which
bears the crest.
Helmet — The helmet is borne above tbe
shield and beneath the crest. Like the
coronet, it denotes the rank of the wearer.
Those used by English heralds are: (1)
For sovereigns and princes of tbe blood,
borne full-face, with six bars, all of gold ;
(2) for the nobility, of steel, with five
bars of gold, shown somewhat in profile ;
(3) for baronets and knights, of steel,
full-faced and open ; (4) for an esquire
or gentleman, of steel, with tbe visor
closed, and represented in profile.
There is a further distinction made by
some heraldic writers, being a silver hel
met, in profile, with gold ornament, and
four silver bars, for the lesser nobility,
or those ranking below a marquis.
The various distinctions of the helmet
are supposed to have been introduced
after the Restoration.
Herald — An officer whose duties, among
other things, consist of deciding on the
proper badges or coat armor of the no
bility ; to grant, record and blazon arms ;
record genealogies, etc. The three prin
cipal English heralds are called Kings-
of-Arms lor king-at arms).' The princi
pal herald of Scotland is* called Lyon
King-of-Arms ; of Ireland, Ulster King-
of-arms. The Lancaster herald is In
spector of regimental colors.
Heraldic — (her-al'-dic) Of or pertaining
to heralds or heraldry.
Heraldical — Heraldic.
Heraldically — In a heraldic manner ; ac
cording to tbe rules of heraldry.
Heraldry — The art or science of blazon
ing or describing in proper terms coats
of arms. It treats also of the history
and meaning of armorial bearings, rules
governing their use and transmission,
and their connection with titular rank,
family dignities and genealogies.
Heralds' College — [See College of
arms.]
Heraldship — The office or aVgrnity of a
herald.
Heurt — [See hurt.]
Herisson — (her'-is-son) A hedgehog.

Heron — The heron is found in early coats
of arms, being one of the few birds en
titled to this distinction. The family of
Heron of Chipchase and Ford, according
to the roll of Henry III, bore "Gules,
three herons argent."
Herring — This fish is seen in the roll of
Edward II.
Hirondelle — A swallow.
Honor point — The point immediately
above the center of the shield, dividing
the upper portion into two equal parts.
Hood — The blinding cap on the head of a
hawk (in falconry) to make him sit quiet
ly on his perch.
Hooded — Applied to a hawk or other bird
of prey when borne with a hood over its
head.
Horned — Applied to animals represented
with horns of a different color from the
animal itself, or from the proper color of
the horns. For instance, a bull with red
horns would be described as hornedgules.
Horse — The horse does not appear in early
examples of heraldry, although the
winged horse is seen as the badge of the
Order of the Temple. A bay horse is
known as a bayard, while the gray horse
is a liard. When the horse is displayed
caparisoned ; when in the field, he is free.
in harness he is said to be barded and
Horseshoe — Sometimes used as a bearing,
one of tbe earliest examples being that of
William de Ferrars, sixth earl of Derby.
(Also called fer de cheval.)
Hornet — [See humettee.]
Hnmettee — (hu-met'-tay) Said of an or-

HUMETTEE.
dinary when cut off, or couped, so that
its extremities do not reach the sides of
the shield.

Hunting Horn — Inclave.

41

Hunting horn — A bearing representing
the bugle used in the chase.
Hurst — A charge representing a small
group of trees, generally borne upon a
mount or base.
Hurt — A roundel tinctured azure ; a blue
ring. Some claim that it represents a
wound or hurt, while others say it is a
representation of the hurtleberry. [See
alSO ROUNDEL.]
Hurty — Sown with hurts ; a field covered
with hurts, without regard to number.

Icicle — (i'sik-kl) A charge resembling a
drop ; the same as the guttee except that
it is reversed.
Illegitimacy— The Marks of Illegitimacy
are varied, and in early examples are
scarcely to be distinguished from marks
of difference. The earliest known in
stance in English heraldry is the six
lionceis borne by William Longspee, de
rived from his father, Henry II. Sir
John Lovell le Bastard (in the roll of
Edward II) bore Lovell, with a label
azure. The cognizance of the Black
Prince, the three ostrich plumes, became
a part of the arms of his natural son,
Sir Roger Clarendon. Arthur Viscount
Lisle, son of Edward IV, placed a baton
over his father's arms. In some cases
a baton sinister was used, and sometimes
it was a border. The descendants of
Charles II use the wbqle arms with a
baton sinister or border'; those of Wil
liam IV tbe baton. With the house of
Bourbon tbe baton distinguished tbe
cadets, while tbe baton sinister marked
the illegitimates.
Impale — (im-pale') To join two coats of
arms palewise. (Also written empale.)
Impalement^ — The marshaling or arrang
ing of two coats of arms on one shield,
divided palewise, or by a vertical line.
When a husband impales his arms with
those of his wife, his generally occupy
the dexter side, while the wife's take tbe
sinister. This was not always the case,

however. In the impaled shield of John
of Gaunt his wife, daughter of Peter of
Castile and Leon, occupies the dexter ;
and the same is true of William Dalziel.

impalement.
Bishops, deans, heads of colleges, etc.,
sometimes impale their own arms with
those of their office.
(Also written empalement.)
Impresa — (im-pree'sii) [Italian.] A de
vice, a motto ; an Impress.
In — In bar — [See under Bar.]
In bend — [See under Bend.]
In chief — [See under Chief.]
In orle — [See under Orle.]
Incensant — ( in-sen'-sant ) Applied to the
boar when borne i'n a furious or angry
position.

INCENSANT.
Incensed — (-sen'sd) A term applied to
the eyes of any wild creature when rep
resented with fire issuing from them.
Inclave — (-klave') A form resembling
dovetail joints. This is applied to the
lines of division on the borders of ordi
naries.

42

Increscent — Interfretted.

Increscent — A term denoting the cres
cent when represented with its horns
toward the dexter side of the shield.
Inde — (in'-dey) A name sometimes given
to azure in ancient blazonry. The only
reason or excuse for the use of the word
seems to be that azure represents sap
phire, and India was tbe principal source
of supply for those gems.
Indented — Notched like the teeth of a
saw. Applied to partition lines, as well
as to some of the ordinaries. It differs
from the dancette in that the notches in
indented are smaller and apply only to
the outer edge, whereas dancette affects
the whole ordinary.

y\r

I

JWyiCiUliw

INDENTED.
Indentee — (-dent'ee) [French.] Having
indents, not joined to each other, but set
apart.
Indentilley — (-dent'-il-lpy) An ordinary
having long inr'ents. somewhat resem
bling piles conjoined.
Indorse — [See ENDORSE.]
Indorsed — [See endorsed.]
Inescutcheon— (-es-kuch'-un) A small

INE.XC'UTCHEOX.
escutcheon, or shield, borne within and
upon the greater shield. When voided it

becomes an orle. It is smaller than the
escutcheon of pretense. The inescutch
eon can be seen in some of the earliest
coats.
Tnfamed  Applied to a lion or other
beast which has lost its tail.
Inflamed — Applied to anything represent
ed as burning or in flames. [Flamant.]

INFLAMED.
Interchangeably posed — Said of bear
ings placed across each other, as three
fishes the head of each appearing between
the tail of the other ; three swords with
hilts in like position ; three arrows, etc.

INTERCHANGEABLY POSED.
Interfretted — . Linked together ; inter-

INTERFRETTED.

Interlaced — Knight.

43

laced. Said of any charges or bearings
linked together, as interlaced crescents,
interlaced keys, etc.
Interlaced — The same as interfretted.
Inveckee — (-veck'ey) A word sometimes
employed by heraldic writers to describe
double arching.
Inveeted — (-vek'-ted) The opposite of en
grailed. Having a border or outline with
the points turning inward toward tbe
ordinary and the convexity toward the
field.
Invertant — The same as inverted.
Inverted— In a contrary direction ; turned
the wrong way, as a pair of wings with
the points downward.
Invexed — Arched or enarched.
Islay — One of the heralds of the Lord
Lyon's Court, Scotland.
Iron Cross — Order of the Iron Cross — A
Prussian order of knighthood, instituted
in 1813.
Issuant — (ish'-u-ant) Issuing or coming
out of. A charge represented as issuing

ISSUANT.
from another charge. When an animal
is represented as issuant only the upper
half is depicted.

J.

Jamb — [See gamb.]
Jelloped — (jel'-lopd) Said of the comb
and gills of the cock when of a different
color from the body. (Also written jow-
lopped. [Wattled.]

Jessant — (jes'-sant) Springing up or
shooting forth, as a plant. Also ap
plied to an animal, in the same sense as
issuant.
Jessant-de-lis — Used to describe the
head of a leopard having a fleur-de-lis
passing through it.
Jessed — Having jesses on. (Said of a
hawk). Ti The jesse, used in falconry, was a
short strap of leather or silk with which
hawks were tied by the leg and on which
the leash was attached.
Jowlopped — [See jelloped.]

K.

King-of-Arms — An officer who has juris
diction over armory, etc. There are three
in England— Garter, the principal ; Clar-
enceaux, whose jurisdiction extends south
of the Trent ; and Norry, who officiates
north of that river. The King-of-Arms
for Scotland is called Lyon ; and for Ire
land, Ulster. The office of King-of-Arms
is one of great antiquity.
Kintyr — One of the pursuivants of the
Lord Lyon's Court, Scotland.
Knight — One who holds the 'dignity of
knighthood, conferred by tbe sovereign,
entitling tbe holder to the title of Sir
prefixed to his name. Unlike a baronet.
however, the dignity is not hereditary.
The wife of a knight is legally entitled to
the designation of Dame, but by common
consent is addressed as Lady.
Formerly a candidate for knighthood
had to go through certain ceremonies or
religious rites, preparing himself by fast
ing and prayer and by watching his arms
alone all nighht in a chapel.
Knight Bachelor — The lowest order
of knighthood ; also the oldest.

Knight Banneret.—
next below the Garter.

A knightly order
[See Banneret.]

Knight Errant — A knight who wan
dered about the country in quest of ad
ventures for the purpose of displaying
his prowess.

44

Label — Lion.

L.

Label — A bearing closely resembling the
strap with pendants which from the sad
dle crossed the horse's chest. It is the
oldest mark of difference, but sometimes
borne as a charge. As a difference it
was used generally by the princes of tne
royal house. Tbe number of points did
not necessarily mean anything, although
the label of three points was supposed to
represent the heir during tbe lifetime of
his father; five points, during the life
time of his grandfather : seven points,
while the great-grandfather still lived,
etc. According to the modern system,
the elder son of an elder son places a
label upon a label.

Lattice — A bordure formed of perpendicu
lar and horizontal bars, interlaced or
otherwise.

"zxzs-ii

LABEL.
Lace d'amonr — {leese dfi'moor) A cord
of running knots surrounding the arms
of widows and unmarried women. (Uni
versal Diet.)
Lambrequin — ( lam'-ber-kin) The point
ot a lable.
ISWk. mantle is sometimes referred to
as a lambrequin. (In this connection see
MANTLE.)
Lampasse — (lam-pas-see') [French.] The
same as la.ngued.
Lancaster — One of the six heralds ot tlie
College of Aims.
Lance — Shakespeare's father was granted
arms as follows: "Or, on a bend sable
•a lance of the field."
Lnngned — (langai Tongued ; having the
tongue visible. Applied to the tongue of
a bird or beast when of a different tinc
ture from that of the body.

^5$g$

LATTICE.
Laver — A green vegetation, a bunch of
which is held in tbe mouth by the liver
on the arms of Liverpool.
Leaf — Tbe leaves common to heraldry are
the strawberry, hazel, oak and elm.
Legged — Tbe same as membered.
Leopard — .The real spotted leopard is
neither an early nor a common bearing.
Sometimes called a pard.
Leopard — The title of one of the heralds
under Henry Y,
Leo-parde — "A lion as a leopard." The
early heralds seem to have gotten tbe
lion confused with the leopard, and when
describing him in any attitude except
passant he wras leo-parde.
Leonced — [See lionced.]
Liard — A gray horse.
Limbeck — [See distillatory.]
Lion — The Lion is the most popular beast
* in heraldry. He appears in the arms of
Great Britain, Denmark, Spain, Holland,
Bohemia, Saxony and numerous lesser
countries. As early as 1127 Henry I
used the lion as an ornament on a shield.
Of the D18 bannerets of Edward II. 225
bore lions. The early English heralds
seem to have confused the lion with the
leopard. While never drawn spotted as
the real leopard, be was described in
most attitudes as leo-parde, or a lion as
a leopard The lion is drawn in about 30 atti-

Lionced — Lyon King-of-Arms.

45

tudes, but it is seldom he is seen in other
than rampant or passant.
Lion's whelp — The same as lioncelle.
Lion of England — In allusion to the
lions on the arms of Great Britain. In
English heraldry a lion passant gardant
or is generally blazoned as "a lion of
England."
Lionced — (li'unst) A bearing adorned
with lions' heads, as, for instance, across
with its ends terminating in lions' heads.
Lioncel — [See lioncelle.]
Lioncelle — (li'un-sel) A small lion. Spe
cifically, the lioncelle is one of several
borne in the same arms.
Liver — A fabulous bird, after which Liv
erpool is supposed to have derived its
name. It resembles the cormorant. The
arms of Liverpool are blazoned : "Ar
gent, a liver sable, billed and legged
gules, holding in his bill a bunch of laver
vert."

LIVER.
"The liver was a foolish invention to
account for the name [of Liverpool].
There was the 'pool,' which accounted
for the last syllable, and there was the
bird on tbe seal or shield, which, in the
absence of other information, was sup
posed to indicate the prefix. A stuffed
bird has from time immemorial been pre
served in the Town Hall, supposed to be
a specimen of the genus liver. It is, in
reality, an immature cormorant, which
has nbt attained its final dark plumage."
— Sir J. A. Picton, in Notes and Queries,
May 3, 1884.
Lodged — Applied to the buck, hart, hind,
etc., when represented lying down.
% The same attitude of the lion or sim
ilar beast is couchant.
Lord Lyon — [See Lyon King-of-Arms.]

Lowered — Applied to ordinaries abated
from their common position.
Lozenge — (loz'enj) 1. A diamond-shaped
bearing, usually with its upper and lower
angles slightly acute.
2. The form of tbe escutcheon upon
which women place their arms. Spe
cifically, for spinsters and widows.
II As the shield was used in war, it was
peculiar to men, and the female had no
part therein ; hence an unmarried woman
from earliest times placed her arms on a
lozenge, perhaps in allusion to the fusil,
or distaff ; when married, she shares the
shield of her husband.
Lozengee — [See lozengy. ]
Lozengy — (loz'en-jy) A bearing or the
field divided into lozenge-shaped compart-

LOZENGY.
ments of different tinctures, the lines be
ing drawn in the direction of the bend
and bend sinister.
Luce — A fish ; a full-grown pike.
Lure — (lur) A bunch of feathers. (The
lure was used in falconry to recall the
hawks.)
Lymphad — (lim'-fad) A galley; an an
cient vessel, having one mast. It is not
uncommon in Scottish heraldry ; is the
feudal ensign of the lordship of Lome,
being quartered by the Dukes of Argyll,
and is also borne by the Clan Campbell.
Lyon Court — The office or court of Lyon
King-of-Arms ; the Scottish college of
arms.
Lyon King-of-Arms — A Scottish offi
cial (also called Lord Lyon) who derives
his title from the lion rampant on the
arms of Scotland. He has authority to
inspect the arms and ensigns armorial of

46

Made — Metal.

all noblemen and gentlemen in the king
dom ; to give proper arms to those en
titled to bear them ; to matriculate such
arms, and to fine those bearing arms
which are not matriculated. He is as
sisted by heralds, pursuivants and mes-
sengers-at-arms.

M.

Made — (mak'l) The same as mascle.
Majesty — A term used to describe an
eagle crowned and holding a scepter.
Maltese cross — A cross formed of four
arrow heads meeting at the points. It
was the badge of tbe Knights of Malta,
and its eight points are said to symbol
ize tbe eight beatitudes.
Man — The full human figure is a rare bear
ing, but can be seen occasionally. When
displayed naked, be is salvage; when
clothed, habited.
Manehe — [See maunch.]
Mantiger — (man'-ti-ger) A monster with
the body of a lion or tiger and a human
face, usually with a scorpion's tail and
long spiral horns. (Also written Man-
ticbor and Mantieor. )
Mantle — »The cloak or robe behind the
shield, sufficiently large to include the
entire arms. Those of sovereigns are of
gold doubled with ermine, and are called
pavilions.
Mantling — [See MANTLE.]
Marchmont — One of the heralds of the
Lord Lyon's Court, Scotland.
Marcassin — ( mar-kas'-sin) [French.] A
young wild boar.
Marined — ma-reend') An animal having
the lower part of the body like a fish.
Marquis — A nobleman in England, rank
ing next below a duke.
Mara — The name of the color gules (red)
on tbe arms of sovereign princes.
Marshal — To dispose or arrange in order
such coats of arms as have to be in- j
eluded in one shield. !

Marshaling — The act of arranging two
or more coats on one shield.
Martlet— (mart'-let) A fanciful birdsome-
what resembling a swallow, but having
short tufts of feathers in the place of
legs. When used as a difference it de
notes the fourth son.
Mascle — (mas'-kl) a lozenge-shaped bear
ing, perforated or voided. When used in
numbers it becomes mascuh

MASCLE.
Mascnly — (mas'-ku-ly) A field covered
with mascles conjoined, resembling net
work.
Massacre — (mas'-sa-ker) When tbe an
tlers of a stag are attached to a fragment
of the skull bone it is called a massacre.
Masoned — (ma'-sond) Applied to a field
or charge which is divided with lines re
sembling a wall or building of stones.
Maul — A heavy wooden hammer.
Maunch — (maunsh) A bearing represent
ing a sleeve with long hanging ends.
Membered — A term applied to a bird
when its legs are of a different tincture
from that of the bird itself.
Merchants' marks — Certain marks or
bearings used by merchants of England,
such as the block and brush (butchers'
broom) of tbe Butchers' Company; the
distillatory, of the Distillers' Company,
etc. They are not to be considered strict
ly heraldic, but were protected by law,
and are occasionally seen on merchants'
tombs and in architecture.
Merlon — [See embattled.]
Metal — [For the metals of heraldry see
under tincture.]

Millrind — Muzzled.

47

Millrind — A hearing supposed to repre
sent the iron which holds a millstone by
being set into its center.
Millrynd — [See millrind.]
Miter — The headdress of a bishop, some
times used as a charge, either singly or
in numbers.

Mitry — (mi'try) Charged with eight mi
ters. Said of a bordure.)
Modulata — [See bottony.]
Moline — [See Cross Moline, under cross.]
Moon — Tbe moon in heraldry is always
borne as a crescent, usually with the
cavity upward.- When tbe cavity is
toward the dexter side of the shield, it is
increscent; when toward sinister, de
crescent.
Mooted — Torn up by tbe roots ; eradicated.
Morion — A steel cap ; a kind of helmet,
shaped something like a hat, and having
no beaver or visor.
Morne — (mor'nay) Without teeth, tongue
or claws. (Said of a lion.)
Motto — A word or sentence carried on the
scroll, and supposed to have some con
nection with the name of the bearer, tbe
deeds of his ancestors or as setting forth
some guiding principle or idea. Mottos,
like arms, were sometimes punning, as
Caxendo tutus, the motto of the Caven
dishes ; Yer non semper viret, of the
Vernons. The Scotch borderers, whose
chief delight in life seemed to be that of
harrying their neighbors by moonlight,
used stars and crescents for their arms
and adopted such mottos as Watch weel
(Halyborton) and Reparabit cornua

Phoebe (Scott of Harden).
The motto is the successor of the war-
cry, which was common in the days when
each chief tenant and baron under the
crown brought into the field and led his
own tenants and retainers. The royal
cry of the English was "St. George for
England ;" the common Highland cry
was "Claymore," while Seyton had "St.
Bennett and Set on."
Mound — A ball or globe forming part of
the regalia of a king or emperor. It is
surmounted by a cross and represents
sovereign authority.
Mount — The representation of a mound
or hill, covered with grass, occupying the
base of the shield. It is generally borne
with a tree or trees on it. When de
picted green it is blazoned as a mount
vert. Mount-greced — A mount cut in the
form of steps.
Mount-mounted — A mount with a bill
upon it.
Mounted — 1. Applied to a horse when de
picted bearing a rider.
2. When a cross or similar bearing is
placed upon steps, as a cross mounted
upon greces, or degrees.
Mullet — A bearing resembling a five-point
ed star. It is sometimes called a spur
rowel, but it was in use long before tbe
rowelled spur. When used as a difference
it denotes the third son.
Muraille — (mu-rail'-ley) Walled; ma
soned and embattled.

Murrey- GUINE.

(mur'-ry) The same as san-

Musehetor — (mus'-che-tor) One of the
arrow-headed marks used in depicting
ermine, but without the three round dots
employed in blazing that fur.
Musca — (mus'-ka) Tbe common housefly.
In some coats, however, this becomes a
butterfly.
Musion — A cat.
Muzzled — Having a muzzle. Said of an
animal, such as a bear, borne with a
muzzle.

48

Naiant — Office.

N.

Naiant — (na'-yant) [French.] Tbe same
as natant.
Naissant — (nas'-sant) Rising or coming
forth. Applied to any living creature
represented as issuing out of a fesse or
other ordinary.
Natant — (nay'-tant) Represented hori
zontally across the field, as if swimming
toward the dexter side of the shield. Ap
plied to any fish excepting the flying fish
.and shell fish.

NATANT.

Naval crown — A crown formed with the
stern and square sails of ships placed al
ternately upon the circle or fillet.
Navel point — The point in the shield be
tween the middle base point and the
fesse point. (Also called thenombril.)

Nebule — [See nebily.]

Nebuly — (neb'-u-ly) 1. Composed of un
dulations, like the wavy edges of clouds.

neruly.
2. A shield or bearing divided by such
lines. 3. A wavy line of partition, or by

which ordinaries and subordinaries may
Le bounded.
Noinbril— (nom'bril) A point in the shield
between the fesse point and the middle
base point. (Also called the navel point.)
Vorroy — The third English King-at-Arms.
He has jurisdiction north of the Trent.
Jioired — (nowd) Knotted ; tied in a knot,
as a serpent or the tail or a lion.

SOWED.
"Ruben is conceived to bear three bars
wave, Jude a lyon rampant, Dan a serpent
nowed."— Browne: Vulgar Errours.
Nowy — (now'y) A term applied to a pro
jection in the middle of a cross or other
ordinary.
iVowyed — (now'yed) Applied to a projec-

nowyed.
tion not in tbe center of a. cross, but in
its branches.

0.

Octofoil — A double quatrefoil ; a leaf of
eight points. When used as a difference
it denotes the eighth son.
Office — Arms of Office. [See under arms.]

Ogress — Pall.

49

Ogress — (o'gress) A black ball or pellet.
[See roundel.]
Onde — (on'dey) [French.] Wavy; curved
and recurved like waves. [Unde.]
Ondy — [See onde.]
Opinicns— (o-pin'-i-kus) An imaginaryan-
imal having tbe bead and wings of a
griffon or eagle, a short tail like that of
a camel and tbe body of a lion.
The Opinicus is sometimes borne with
out wings.
Or — Gold. In engraving it is denoted by
small dots or points spread all over the
•bearing or field.
"Azure, an eagle rising or, the sun
In dexter chief." —Tennyson.
Orange — [See roundel.]
X3"£he color of orange in heraldry is
known as tenne.
Orb — A globe encircled, bearing a cross;
a mound.
Ordinary — A charge or bearing of simple
form. The ordinaries, or, as they are
called by the majority of heraldic writers,
honorable ordinaries, are nine in number,
as follows :
Chief, Cross,
Pale, Saltire,
Fesse, Pile,
Chevron, Quarter.
Bend,
The honorable ordinaries are said to
represent the clamps or fastenings of tbe
shield, becoming ornamental from paint
ing or gilding. Each has one or more
diminutives.
Organ rest — [See rest.]
Orle — (orl) 1. One of the subordinaries;
in the form of a fillet, within tbe border,
but some distance from it.
"His arms were augmented with an orle of
lion's paws."— F«!icr; Worthies, i, 120.
2. The wreath or chaplet surmounting
or encircling tbe helmet of a knight and
bearing the crest. (Webster.)
In orle — Said when the charges are
placed round the escutcheon, leaving tbe
middle of the field vacant, or occupied by
something else. (Said of bearings ar
ranged on the shield in the form of an
orle. )

Oi-mond — One of the pursuivants of tbe
Lord Lyon's Court,- Scotland.
Oundy — [See undy.]
Out of — Signifies rising from, as "out of
a ducal coronet an eagle."
Overt — (o'vert) Applied to the wings of a
bird, etc., when spread open on each side
of its head, as if taking flight.

Pale — One of the nine honorable ordinar
ies. It is a vertical line, set upright in
the middle of the shield and occupying

PALE.
one-third of the field. It seldom contains
more than three charges.
Tarty per pale — [See under Party.]
Palewise — In the manner of a pale or
pales ; divided by perpendicular lines ; to
divide the field palewise.
"Hath behind it palewise an abbot's crosier."
— Wood: Fasti Oxon, i, 12.
Pall — A figure having the form of the let-

50

Pallet — Passant.

ter Y. It consists of half a pale issuing
from the base, and conjoined in tbe fesse
point with half a saltire from the dexter
chief and sinister chief.
Pallet— (pal'-let) A diminutive of the pale,
being one-fourth of its breadth. (Some
writers say one-half.)
Palletted — (pal'-let-ted) Being conjoined
by a pallet ; as "A chevron palletted."

palletted.
Palmer's staff — A branch of a palm tree
carried by a palmer in token of bis hav
ing been to the Holy Land.
Paly — (pale'y) A field divided into four or
more equal parts by perpendicular lines
of two tinctures alternating. The num-

PALY.
ber should always be specified ; as, "Paly
of six argent and gules."
Paly bendy — When tbe divisions are
again cut by diagonal lines, either dexter
or sinister.

Pa pa gay — (pap'-a-gay) A popinjay.
early bird in English heraldry.
Pard — A leopard.
Parted — [See party.]

An

Partition — One of the several divisions
made in a coat when the arms of several
families are borne on one shield, from in
termarriage, etc. [In this connection see
QUARTERING.] Partition lines — The lines by which
a shield may be divided. They are close
ly allied to the ordinaries for which they
are named. When a field is divided in
the direction of an ordinary it is said to
be "party per" that ordinary ; as, party
per pale, party per bend, etc. Unless
otherwise specified, the partition lines
are straight ; they may, however, be
drawn in a variety of ways, such as undy,
embattled, dancette, etc.
Party — Parted : divided. Used in reference
to any division of a field or charge. When
the field is divided toward an ordinary it
is said to be "party per" that ordinary.
Party per bend — When the field is di
vided by a line running diagonally from
the dexter chief to the sinister base.

tarty ter pale.
Tarty per chief — Divided by a hori
zontal line one-third the distance of the
field from the top of the shield. (Party
per chief is rare.)
Party per cross — This is called Quar
terly.

-Divided by a perpen-

PARTY I'ER pale-
dicular line.
Party per fesse — Divided by a hori
zontal line in tbe center of the shield.
Passant — (pas'-sant) Walking; said of
any animal, except beasts of the chase,
when represented as walking, with tbe
dexter paw raised.
£3TThe same attitude in tbe case of
a stag, hart, etc., would be trippant.

Patee — Pike.

51

Patee — (pa'-tay') Spreading out at the
extremity ; applied principally to a cross.
(Also written pate and pattee. )

-Paternal Arms. [See under

Paternal ARMS.]
Putonce — (pay-tons) Applied to a cross
having expanded ends, like the cross
patee, each end terminating in three
points.
Patriarchal cross — (pa'tri-ar'kal) A
cross in which the shaft is twice crossed,
tbe lower arms being longer than the
upper.
Patronage — Arms of Patronage. [See un
der ARMS.]
Patte — [See tatee.]
Pavilion — (pay-vil'-yun) A sort of man
tling or cloak in the form of a tent in
vesting the coat of arms of u sovereign.
I Mantling.]
Pa von — (pay'-von) A flag borne by a
knight in the Middle Ages, upon which
his arms were displayed. It was of tri
angular form, smaller than the pennon,
and affixed to the upper part of his lance.
Pean — (peen) One of the furs. The ground
is sable, with the spots or tufts or.
Pearl — The same as argent.
Pelican — (pel'-i-kan) While this bird is
occasionally seen in arms, it is more
common as a crest. When represented
as wounding herself, she is vulning ;
when feeding her young, in her piety.
Pelham bore "Azure, three pelicans vuln
ing themselves proper."

pelican in her piety.
Pelican in her piety — A pelican rep
resented in the act of wounding ber

breast to feed her young with her own
blood. This came from a fabulous tale
in natural history told in the Middle
Ages, and which made the bird the adopt
ed symbol of the Redeemer.
Pellet— (pel'-let) A black roundel. (Also
called ogress and gunstone.) [See also
roundel.]
Penned — (pend) Having wings. (Applied
to a hawk's lure. [See lure.]
Pennon — A small flag or streamer half
the size of the guidon.
Per — By ; by means of ; by way of.
Perclose — (per'-kloz) The lower part of
the garter with the buckle, etc. (Also
called tbe demi-garter.)
Perculaced — (per'-ku-last) The same as
lattice.
Peregrine falcon — [See falcon.]
Pheon — (fee'on) A bearing representing
the bead of a broad arrow or javelin,
with long barbs which are engrailed on
the inner edge.

pheon.
H The pheon was, like the modern
mace, carried before royalty by a ser-
geant-at-arms. It became a royal mark,
and is still used in Great Britain to de
note crown property, being termed the
Broad R, or broad arrow.
Pick — An instrument used in the chase ;
a spike ; a pike.
Pierced — Applied to any bearing which
is perforated so as to show tbe field un
der it.
Pike — A military weapon, consisting of a
long, narrow lance head fixed to a pole.
It was used by musketeers to repel cav
alry.

52

Pile— Potent.

Pile— One of the honorable ordinaries, hav
ing the form of a wedge, issuing from
the chief, with the point ending with the
lower point of the shield. When borne
plain it contains one-third of the chief
in breadth: when charged, two-thirds.
The pile is a very early bearing, and its
origin is obscure. It has no diminutives.

pile.
Per rn.E — Applied to an escutcheon
which is divided by lines in the form of
the pile.
Plate — A roundel tinctured argent. [See
alSO ROUNDEL.]
Plenitude — (plen'-i-tude) Fullness. When
the moon is represented full it is de
scribed as "the moon in her plenitude."
Plie — The same as close.
Ploye — (plwa-ye') Bowed and bent.
Poing — (pwan) The fist; the hand closed,
as distinguished from apaume.
Point — 1. One of the several parts denot-

POINTS.
ing the local positions on the escutcheon
of any figure or charges. The principal
points are :

A.— Dexter chief,
B.— Middle chief.
C— Sinister chief.
D.— Honor, or color.
E,— Fesse (center).

F.— Nombril (navel).
G.— Dexter base.
H.— Middle base.
J.— Sinister base.

2. A small part of the base of a shield
variously marked off.
Point in point — When the base some
what resembles the pile.
Pointed — Said of a cross when its ends
are so cut ; as, a cross pointed.
Pomey — (pom'y) A figure representing an
apple ; it is always of a green color. A
roundel tinctured vert.
Pommee — (pom'-may') A cross havingthe
ends terminating in single balls.

cross pommee.
Poinmette — <(po'-may-tay') A cross hav
ing two balls or buttons' at each end.
Pommeled— Having a pommel, as a sword
or dagger.
Poritant — The same as portate.
Portate — (por'-tat) Borne bendwise ; di
agonally across the escutcheon. Ex
ample : A cross porta1e=n cross lying
as if carried on a person's shoulder.
Portcullis — The same as lattice.
Portcullis — One of the pursuivants of the
College of Arms.
Pose — (po'-zay') Said of a lion, horse or
other beast when represented standing
still, with all four feet on the ground.
Potence — (po'-tens) A cross having ends
that resemble the head of a crutch.
Potent — (po'-tent) One of the heraldic
furs, composed of patches, supposed to
represent crutch heads ; the color is usu
ally argent and azure alternating. If
otherwise, this should be specified. Potent
is a variety of vair. and in early times
was often blazoned "vair-potent."
Counter-potent — A fur differing from

Potented — Quarter.

53

potent only in the arrangement of the
patches. (Also written potent counter-
potent, potency counter-potency and po
tency in point.)
Cross potent — [See potence.]
Potented — Applied to a bearing when the
outer edges are T-shaped, or formed into
potents.
Powdered — The same as seme.
Prancing — Applied to a horse represent
ed rearing.
Prester John — A mythical descendant of
Ogier the Dane. In the Middle Ages he
was believed to rule as a Christian sov
ereign and priest in tbe interior of Asia.
Tl A representation of the Prester John
may be seen on the arms of the See of
Chichester.
Pretense — Escutcheon of Pretense. [See
under escutcheon.]
Pretension — Arms of Pretension. [See
under arms.]
Prey — At prey is applied to the falcon
when represented feeding.
Preyant — The same as preying.
Preying — Applied to any beast or bird of
prey when represented standing on and
in a proper position for devouring its
prey.
Pride — A term applied to the peacock,
turkey cock and other birds which spread
their tails in a circular form and drop
their wings; as, "A peacock in his pride."
Prince — Heraldically speaking, the title
of prince belongs to dukes, marquises and
earls of Great Britain ; but in ordinary
usage it is restricted to members of the
royal family.
Trince of Wales — The official title of
the heir apparent to the throne of Eng
land. Princes op the blood — The younger
sons of a sovereign.
Prince Royal — Tbe eldest son of a
sovereign.
Proper — Represented in its natural color.
Said of charges; as, "a lion proper."
Pwrne — (pur'-f'l) To ornament with a bor
dure of ermines, etc.

Pnrfled — . (pur'-feld) Trimmed or gar
nished. Applied to the studs and rims of
armor, being gold ; as, "a leg in armor
purfled or.
Purnew— (pur'-flu) A border of fur shaped
exactly like vair. When of one row only,
it is called purflewed ; when of two, coun-
ter-purflewed ; when. of three, vair.
Purple — This color in heraldry is known
as purpure.
Pnrpure — (pur'-pure) Purple. It is rep
resented in engraving by diagonal lines
declining from the right top of the shield
to the left base (from sinister chief to
dexter base).
Pursuivant — (pur'-swe-vftnt) An official
in the English College of Arms. There
are four pursuivants — Rouge Croix, Blue
Mantle, Rouge Dragon and Portcullis.
There were formerly six pursuivants at
tached to the court of Lyon King-of-
Arms, in Scotland — Unicorn, Carrick,
Bute, Kintyre, Ormond and Dingwall.
The last three have been abolished.
Pye — The popinjay ; the woodpecker.

Quarter — One of the ordinaries (also
called franc-quartier), occupying one-
fourth of the shield, and usually placed
in dexter chief. If placed in sinister
chief, this must be specified. The di
minutive of the quarter is the canton,
of two-thirds its area.

quarter.
Quarter — To add to other arms on a

54

Quartered — Rampant.

shield: to bear as an appendage to the
hereditary arms.
2. To be quartered.
Grand quarter — The same as sub-
quarter. Sub-quarter — A quarter set aside in
quartering arms out of the regular order
for tbe royal arms or for an heiress when
her quarterings are not broken.
Quartered — A term sometimes applied to
the cross when voided in the center ; as
"a cross quartered.
Quartering — The arrangement of two or
more coats of arms on one shield to form
one bearing, as, for instance, the royal
arms of England, where those of the sev
eral countries are conjoined ; when a man
inherits from both father and mother the
right to bear arms ; when an alliance of
one family with the heiress of another is
to be perpetuated.
£^When only two coats are quartered
on one shield, as in the case of marriage,
the first and fourth quarters display tbe
arms of tbe husband ; the second and
third, those of the wife.

\

SI

3

^

QUARTERS.
1— First, or dexter chief, quarter.
2— Second, or sinister chief, quarter.
3— Third, or dexter base, quarter.
4— Fourth, or sinister base, quarter.
tCv"ln quartering arms, the shield may
be divided into as many squares as nec
essary, and the first coat (that of tbe
bearer) may be repeated or not to make
up an even number.
Quarterly — Placed in quarters; an es
cutcheon divided into quarters.
Quntrefoil — (kwa'-ter-foil) A four-leaved
grass. This is frequently seen in heraldry.
Quarter- pierced — .Said of a cross when
the central square is removed ; as, a cross
quarter-pierced.

Quene — (ku) The tail of a beast.
Queue fuechee — The same as double
queued.
Queued — (ku'd) Tailed; having a tail of a
different tincture.
Double queued — Having a double tail,
as a lion. Sometimes the tails are placed
saltirewise.
Quilled — (kwiid) This term is used in de
scribing a feather when the quill differs
in color from the rest.
Quinque vulnera — (kwin'-kwe vul'-ne-ra)
The five wounds of the crucifixion. This
is an ecclesiastical bearing.

Radiant — Edged with rays or beams ; giv
ing off rays ; as, "A sun radiant."
Ragged — [See raguly.]
Ragulated — [See raguly.]
Raguled — [See raguly.]
Raguly — (ray-gul'y) Notched or jaggedin
an irregular diagonal manner. Said of
a line or bearing having such an edge.

cross raguly.
Rampant — (ramp'-ant) Said of a beast
•of prey, as a lion, rising with fore paws
in the air, as if attacking. Tbe right
fore leg and right hind leg should be
raised higher than the left. Unless other
wise specified, the animal faces dexter.
Counter-rampant — Said of two ani
mals rampant iu opposite directions.

Rangant — Renverse .

55

(Sometimes used to denote a beast ram
pant toward sinister.)
Rampant gardant — The same as ram
pant, but with the animal looking full-
faced. Rampant passant — Said of an animal
when walking with the dexter fore paw
raised somewhat higher tnan the mere
passant position.
Rampant regardent — In a rampant
position and looking behind.
Rampant sejant — A beast in a sitting
posture, with tbe fore legs raised.
Rangant — The same as puriosant.
Range — (ran'-zhay) [French.] Arranged
in order.
Raping — Applied to any ravenous beast
represented devouring its prey.
Rnvissant — (rav'-is-sant) [French.] In a
half-raised position, as if about to spring
on prey. (Said of the wolf and such
beasts when in the attitude saliant.)
Ray — A ray of the sun. [See sun.]
Rayonee — [See radiant.]
Rayonnant — [See radiant.]
Rayonned — [See radiant.]
Razed — The same as erased.
Rebate — A diminution or abatement of a
bearing, as when tbe point of a weapon
is broken off, or a part of a cross cut off.
Rebated — Having the points cut short or
broken off.
Rebending — Bent first one way and then
tbe other, like the letter S. [Recurv-
ant.]
Rebus — A pictorial suggestion on a coat
of arms of the name of the owner ; a
bearing or bearings containing an allu
sion to tbe owner's name. Thus the Arches
family bore three arches; the Dobe.ll
family, a doe between three bells. [See
also Allusive Arms, under arms.]
Recercelee — [See Cross Recercelee, under
cross.]
Reclinnnt — (re-klin'-ant) The same as
declinant.

Recouped — Tbe same as couped.
Rectangled — When the line of length is
apparently cut off in its straightness by
another straight line, which at the inter
section makes a right angle, it is then
termed rectangled.
Recursant — (re-kur'-sant) Said of an
eagle displayed, with the back toward
the spectator.

recursant.
Recursant volant in pale — An eagle
represented flying upward, with its back
toward the spectator.

Recurvant — ( re-kurv'-ant)
recurved, like the letter S.

Curved and

Red — This color in heraldry is known as
gules.
Reflected — Curved or turned round, as
the chain or line from the collar of an
animal thrown over his back.
Regardant — Said of an animal whose
face is turned toward the tail in an at
titude of vigilance ; looking backward.
Reined — Said of a horse when tbe reins
are of a different color from the animal.
[Bitted.]
Removed — [See fracted.]
Rempli — (ran-plee') [French.] Said of
the chief when filled with any other color
or metal, leaving only a border of tbe
first tincture visible.
Renverse — (ren-vers') Reversed; turned
contrary to tbe natural position; with
the head down ; set upside down ; as, "A
chevron renverse."

56

Repassant — Roundel.

Repassant — (re-pass'-ant) A lion or other
animal passant, facing the sinister side
of the shield.
1i Some writers use this term to de
scribe beasts passant, one facing dexter
and tbe other sinister. In this connec
tion see counter-passant, under counter.
Reremouse — (rere'-mouse) a bat.
Reserved — Contrary to tbe usual way or
position. (Univers. Diet.)
Resignant — (rez'-ig-nant) [French] Con
cealed. Said of a lion when his tail can
not be seen.
Respectant — (re-spekt'-ant) Two animals
borne face to face.
£S"Rampant beasts of prey so borne
are said to be combatant.
Rest — A bearing the origin and meaning
of which have been disputed. By some
it is said to represent a spear rest, and
perhaps this is correct. By others it is
taken for a musical instrument of some
kind. Hence it is sometimes called an
organ rest.

REST.
Retorted — Said of serpents when wreathed
one in another, or fretted in the form of
a knot.
Retracted — Applied to charges when one
is shorter than the other.
Reversed — A coat of arms or escutcheon
turned upside down. This was done by
way of ignominy, as in the case of a
traitor.
Revertant — Bent and rebent.
Reverted — Bent or curved twice in oppo
site directions, like the letter S ; revert
ant.

Ribbon — A diminutive of the bend, being
one-eighth its size, and often used as a
difference. When couped or cut short it
becomes a baton.
Richmond — One of the heralds of the
College of Arms.
Ringed — Provided with a ring or rings.
(Said of the falcon.)
* In the days of falconry it was the
custom to slip over the claws of the young
falcon a Silver ring, which could not af
terward be removed.
Rising — A bird represented as if in the
act of taking flight ; rising from the
ground.
It iron — (riz'on) The grain of oats.
Roach — A fish.
Rompee — [See rompu.]
Rompu — (rom'pu) Fracted ; broken ; part
ed asunder, as a chevron, bend, etc.
Rose — The Rose, which is popular in Eng
lish heraldry, is generally borne singly
and full-faced, with five petals, barbs and
seeds.
Ross — One of the heralds of the Lord
Lyon's Court, Scotland.
Rothesay — One of the heralds of the Lord
Lyon's Court, Scotland.
Rondle — [See roundel.]
Rook — A rook in heraldry is the bird of
that name common in Great Britain. It
resembles the crow, hut is smaller. When
the piece in chess known as a rook is
borne it is blazoned a chess-rook. They
are sometimes seen on the same arms, as
in the case of Rook of Kent : "Argent,
on a chevron engrailed between three
rooks sable, as many chess-rooks of the
first."
Rouge Croix — (roozh' kroi') One of the
pursuivants in the College of Arms.
Rouge Dragon — (roozh' drag'-on) One
of the pursuivants in the College of
Arms.
Roundel — A subordinary in the form of a
circle. If of a metal it is a simple disk ;
if of a color, it is convex, half a globe.
It takes its name from its color, unless

Rousant — Saltire wise .

57

in case of counter-changes, which follow
the tinctures of the field, or when the
roundel is of fur or of equal tinctures,
as "a roundel ermine,'" "a roundel
checky or and azure." Otherwise roun-

roundels.
dels have distinguishing names, accord
ing to their tinctures. They are seldom
borne singly, and are as follows :
When or they are Bezants.
When argent they are Plates.
When gules they are Torteaux,
When azure they are Hurts.
When yert they are Pommes.
When pnrpure they are Golpes.
When sable they are Pellets.
When tenne they are Oranges.
When sanguine they are Guzes.
The pellet is sometimes called a gun-
stone or ogress.
False roundel — This was a name
given in early lists for the annulet. Thus
tbe arms of Vipont were blazoned "Gules.
six false roundels or."
Ronsnnt — (rouz'-ant) Rising. Said of a
bird in the attitude of rising ; preparing
to take flight. Sometimes this term is
applied to a bird in profile, as a swan
with wings addorsed.
Rowel — [See mullet.] i
Royal arms — [See Arms Royal, under
ARMS.]
Rudented — The same as cabled.
Rustre — (rus'-ter) A lozenge pierced round
in the center, and exposing the field
through it.

s.

Sable — The tincture black. In engraving
it is represented by perpendicular and
horizontal lines crossed.
St. Andrew's cross — A cross made in
the form of the letter X. [See saltire.]
St. Patrick — The title of one of the pur
suivants of the Office of Arms, Ireland.
There are three pursuivants bearing this
title, designated as Nos. 1, 2 and 3.
Saliant — (sa'-li-ant) Leaping; springing.
Applied to the lion or other beast repre
sented in a leaping posture — his fore feet
in dexter chief and his bind feet in sin
ister base."
Salient — [See saliant.]
Saltant — (sal'-tant) Springing forward;
in a leaping position. Applied especially
to the squirrel, weasel, rat; also applied
to tbe cat, greyhound and monkey.
Saltier — [See saltire.]
Saltire — (sal'-teer) One of the honorable
ordinaries. It is made in tbe form of a
St. Andrew's cross, or the letter X. Its
breadth should be one-third of the field.
The saltire is popular in Scottish her
aldry.

saltire.
Saltirewise — In the manner of a sal
tire ; when the shield is divided by two
lines drawn in the direction of a bend
and a bend sinister and crossed at the
center. Long-shaped charges, such as
swords, oars, batons, etc., placed In the
direction of the saltire are said to be
borne saltirewise.

5S

Salvage — Slipped.

Salvage — Said of a man when borne nude.
Thus, "Three salvage men ambulant."
Sanglier — (sang'-ll-er) [French.] A wild
boar.
Sanguine — (san'-gwin) A dark red color.
It is represented in engraving by diag
onal lines crossing each other.
Sapphire — The same as azure.
Saturn — Black ; representing sable in
blazoning the arms of sovereign princes.
Scallop — The same as escallop.
Scarf — A small ecclesiastical banner hang
ing down from the top of a crosier.
Scarp — (skarp) A diminutive of the bend
sinister, occupying the same position as
that bearing, but being only half its
breadth. It is supposed to represent an
officer's shoulder belt or scarf.
Scrape — [See scarp.]
Scroll — The ribbon-like appendage to a
crest or escutcheon, un which the motto
is inscribed.
Scutcheon — [See escutcheon.]
Sea lion — A monster consisting of the up
per part of a lion combined with the tall
of a fish.
Seruse — Tbe same as torteau.
Seeded — Represented with seeds of a dif
ferent tincture, such as tbe rose, lily,
etc., when it is said to be seeded of that

Segreant— (se'-gre'-ant) Said of a griffon
when depicted standing on its hind legs,
with the wings elevated and addorsed.
Sejant — In a sitting posture. Applied to
the lion, cat, etc.
Sejant addorsed — Said of two ani
mals sitting back to back.
Sejant affrovtb — Full-faced, sitting.
with the fore paws extended sideways.
Sejant rampant— [See rampant se
jant.]
Sejeant — [See sejant.]
Seme— (sem'ay) A field or charge pow
dered or .sprinkled with small charges,
such as stars, crosses, etc. (Sometimes
called powdered.)

Shack bolt — A fetter, such as might be
put on the wrists or ankles of prisoners.
Shackle bolt — Tbe same as shack bolt.
Shake fork — A bearing somewhat resem
bling the pall in form, but the ends,
which have points like the pile, do not
touch the edges of the shield.

shake fork.
Shelclrnke — A water fowl somewhat
larger than the ordinary duck. It has
been said that this bird was introduced
into English heraldry to accommodate
Sheldon, Lord Mayor of London in 1676.
lie bore "Sable, a fesse between three
sheldrakes argent."
Shield — The escutcheon or field on which
are placed tbe bearings of coats of arms.
There are various forms, mostly taken
from the shapes in vogue when shields
were used in warfare. Maiden ladies and
widows have no shield, but place their
arms on a lozenge. [Lozenge.] [Es
cutcheon.] [For different forms of shield see Il
lustrated Supplement.]
Shoveller — A river duck. It has a broad
bill and beautifully variegated feathers.
Sinister — (sin'-ls-ter) The left side of the
shield — the side opposite the right hand
of the spectator. Applied to the escutch
eon, as the sinister chief point, sinister
base point, etc.
Sinople — (sin'-o-pl) The Continental term
for vert (green).
Slashed — A term used to describe the
opening or gashings in a sleeve when
the puffing is of a different tincture. It
is then slashed of such a. tincture.
Slipped — Applied to a flower or branch
depicted as torn from the stalk.

Snowdown — Star.

59

Snowdown — One of the heralds of the
Lord Lyon's Court, Scotlaud
Soarant — A word used by some modern
heraldic writers as a synonym of vo
lant.
Sol — A term implying or (gold) in blazon
ing the arms of sovereign princes.
£S*Using the planets in blazoning the
arms of emperors, kings and princes
arose in the sixteenth century through
the foolish fancy of some heraldic writers,
as did the use of precious stones for the
arms of peers.
Somerset — One of the heralds of the Col
lege of Arms.
Soustenu — (soos'-ten-u) A chief appar
ently supported by a small part of the
escutcheon beneath it of a different tinc
ture from the chiel (tself, and reaching,
as the chief does, from side to side ; be
ing, so to speak, a small part of the chief
of another color, and supporting tbe real
chief.
Soutenu — [See soustenu.]
Spade iron — The iron part, or shoeing, of
a spade.
Spancelled — (span'-seld) Said of a horse
that has the fore and hind feet fettered
by means of fetterlocks fastened to the
ends of a stick.
Spayade — (spa'-yade) A stag in his third
year.
Spear — The spear was an ancient instru
ment of war and hunting, and was in
troduced into heraldry under various
forms. Generally called a lance.
Spear head — The metal point of the
spear : a common bearing among the
Welsh.
Speckled — Spotted ; speckled over with
another tincture.
Spectant — (spek'-tant) The attitudeofan
animal looking upward with nose bend-
wise. Also applied to an animal at gaze,
or looking forward. (Sometimes called
in full aspect.)
Speller — A branch shooting out from the
first part of a buck's horn at the top.
Sperver — A tent.

Splendor — Glory ; brilliance. Said of the
sun when represented with a human face
and environed with rays. It is then a
Sun in splendor.
Spread eagle — An eagle bavingthe wings
and legs extended on both sides. [Dis
played.]
Springing — Leaping. Applied to beasts
of the chase in the same sense as saliant
to beasts of prey. Also applied to fish
when placed in bend.
Spur rowel — The mullet is often called a
spur rowel, which it is supposed to rep
resent. However, tbe mullet was in use
long before the rowelled spur.
Stainand — (stain'-and) Applied to the
sanguine and tenn£ when used in the
figures called abatements=marks of dis
grace.
Standard — A flag or ensign. The ancient
military standard consisted of a symbol
carried on a pole, like the Roman eagle.
In mediaeval times the standard, instead
of being square like the banner, was
elongated, but much larger, becoming
narrow and rounded at tbe end, which
was slit, unless the standard belonged
to a prince of the blood royal. The
standard, which ranged in size from
eleven yards for an emperor to four yards
for a baron, was usually divided into
three portions — one containing the arms
of the knight, another for his cognizance
or badge, and the other for his crest —
these being divided by bands, on which
was inscribed his war cry or motto, the
whole being fringed with his livery or
family colors.
"Knights bannerets are made in the field,
with the ceremouie of cutting of the point
of bis standard, and making it as it were a
banner."— Sm ith : Commonwealth, bk. i,
chap, xviii.
The English royal standard of today is
properly a banner, being square, with its
entire field covered solely by the national
arms.
Star — An estoile. It differs from the mul
let in that it usually has six rays wavy,
and is seldom pierced. When more than
six points are displayed, the number
must be specified. Usually, .when more
than six, the points alternate straight
and wavy.

60

Statant — Surmounted.

Standing. (The

Statant — (stay'-tant)
same as pose.)
Stone bill — A wedge.

Stopped — [See embattled.]
Snbordinary — A bearing not so common
and of less importance than the ordinary,
or honorable ordinary. According to one
writer, any ordinary occupying less than
one-fifth of the field is deemed a subor-
dinary. Again, different writers place
different bearings among the subordi
naries. The following list, however, many
recognized authorities agree on:
Bordure, Fusil,
Flanch, Mascle,
Fret, Rustre,
Inescutcheon, Roundel,
Gyron, Gutte,
Lozenge, Billet,
Orle, Cheeky,
Tressure, Voider.
Subvertant — (sub-vert'-ant) Reversed;
turned upside down ; contrary to the
natural position or usual way of bearing.
Subverted — [See subvertant.]

Succeedant- another.

-Succeeding or following one

Succession — Arms of Succession. The
same as Feudal Arms, which see, under
arms.
Sun — The Sun is seen in heraldry occa
sionally. When represented as giving
light, it is blazoned a sun radiant; when
depicted with a human face, it is a sun
in splendor, or a sun in his splendor.
Louis XIV used it as his cognizance.
Jean de la Hay bore "Argent, a sun in
his splendor gules." Ralph de la Hay
differenced this coat by bearing only a
ray of the sun. John de Fontibus, Bishop
of Ely, bore tbe sun, moon and seven
stars. gWWhen the ray only is used, it gener
ally issues from dexter chief.
Sunburst — A flag having a sun in splen
dor on a green field. This is said to have
been the flag of the pagan Irish. It is
frequently alluded to in Irish national
poetry. "On the front ranks before,
Dathi the sunburst bore,"
— Fate of King Dathi.

Supercharge — (-charj) 1. To place one
figure upon another.
2. As a noun: One charge placed upon
another charge ; as, a rose upon a fesse.
Supported — Applied to a bearing that has
another under it by way of support ; as,
a chief supported.
Supporter — A figure on each side of a
shield, apparently supporting it. They
may be men, beasts or birds — sometimes
real, sometimes fabulous, as the lion and
unicorn in the arms of Great Britain.
The origin of the supporters is un
known. Some writers have set forth
that they originated in the ceremonial
bearing of the knightly shield to tourna
ments and jousts by squires. It is prob
able, however, that they arose from tbe
ornaments of the seal engraver and be
came heraldic from tbe practice of quar
tering. Supporters are now borne by all peers
of Great Britain, Knights of the Garter,
Knights Grand Cross of the Bath, Nova
Scotia baronets and chiefs of Scottish
clans, and are also borne by many mu
nicipalities and the principal mercantile
companies of London.
Sur-ancree — A cross with double anchor
flukes at each end.

sur-ancree cross.
Surcharged — One charge placed upon or
within another.
Surginnt — The same as rousant or ris
ing.
Surmonnted — Partly covered. Said of an
ordinary when it has another charge of
a different tincture laid over it.
,t3TWben it is an animal which has a
charge laid over it, the term used is
debruised.

Surtout — Teutonic cross.

61

Surtout — (sur'-too) [French.] A shield
of pretense ; an inescutcheon placed upon
a shield of arms. The arms of William
III were so disposed of.
Suspectant — Looking upward. (The same
as SPECTANT.
Swallow — This bird, which is also known
as the hirondelle, is an early bearing.
One of the best known of the early ex
amples is the arms of the Arundells of
Wardour, who bore "Sable, six swallows
argent."
Swan — The swan was the cognizance of
the Bohuns. Sometimes it is borne whole,
sometimes only the bead, like tbe arms
of the Guests. When gorged with a
ducal coronet having a gold chain at
tached to it, it is called a cygnet-royal.
Swift — The dolphin.
Sweep — The balista or engine anciently
used for casting stones into fortresses.
Sword — The sword of heraldry is two-
handed.

Tabard — Originally a light vestment worn
over the armor embroidered with the
arms of the wearer. The tabard is now
worn only by 'heralds and pursuivants-at-
arms, and is embroidered with the arms
of the sovereign.
Talbot — A dog. Specifically a hound
whose race is nearly, if not quite, extinct.
His color was pure white, with large
head, broad muzzle and long ears. Tal
bot is the family name of the Earls of
Shrewsbury, who had a talbot forabadge
and two talbots for supporters.
Talent — The same as bezant.
Targant — [See torqued.]
Tan — The cross of St. Anthony, also called
the Cross Tan. It derives its name from
its resemblance to the Greek letter tau.
This cross is somewhat similar to the
cross potent.
Tawney — [See tenne.]
Tawny — [See tenne.]

Tegnlated — (teg'-u-la'ted) Composed of
small plates as of horn or metal, over
lapping. (Used in ancient armor.)
Templar — A member of the order called
Templars, Knights Templar, Knights of
the Temple, etc. It was founded in 1118
or 1119 by nine Christian knights, the
original object of the organization being
to maintain free passage for the pilgrims
visiting the Holy Land. Baldwin II King
of Jerusalem gave them part of his pal
ace, and they kept their arms in the Tem
ple, hence their name of Templars.
Tenant — Held ; holding.
Tenanted — Tallied or let Into another
thing ; one bearing worked into another
bearing ; having something let in ; as, a
- cross tenanted^having rings let into its.
extremities.
Tenne — (ten'-nay) A tincture of a bright
brown, which is considered to represent
orange color. This color is almost un
known in English heraldry. In engrav
ing it is represented by diagonal lines
from sinister to dexter, traversed by hor
izontal ones — a compound of purpureand
azure.
Tent — Tbe representation of a tent used
as a bearing. [See also pavilion.]
Tergant — (ter'-gant) Showing the back
part; as, an eagle tergant displayed. [In
this connection compare recursant.]
Terras — The representation of ground at
the bottom of the base of tbe shield, gen
erally tinctured vert.
Teutonic cross — A name sometimes given
to the cross potent from the fact of its

teutonic cross.
having been the original badge assigned
by Emperor Henry VI to the knights of
the Teutonic Order.

62

Teutonic Order — Tincture.

Teutonic Order — A religious military or
der of knights established near tbe end
of the twelfth century somewhat like the
Templars and Hospitallers, being com
posed in the main of Teutonic crusaders.
It attained high power, but declined in
the fifteenth century, and was finally
abolished by Napoleon in 1809.
Thane — A title of dignity or honor among
the Anglo-Saxons. There were two or
ders — the king's thanes, or those who at
tended at his court and held lands im
mediately from him, and ordinary thanes,
or lords of the manor. After the Nor
man conquest thanes and barons were
classed together, tbe title falling into
disuse in tbe reign of Henry II.
Thistle — The Order of the Thistle, a Scot
tish order or knighthood, was instituted
by James VII (James II of England) in
1687. It fell into abeyance during the
reign of William and Mary, but was re
vived by Queen Anne in 1703.
Thunderbolt — The thunderbolt is repre
sented in heraldry by a twisted bar in
pale, inflamed at the ends, surmounting
two jagged darts in saltire, between two
wings expanded, and usually has streams
of fire issuing from the center.

Tiara — The trl)
popes of Rome.

thunderbolt. crown worn by the

Tierce — (ter-say') Divided into three
equal parts of three different tinctures.
(Said of the field when so divided.)
Tiercelet — (ters'-let) A falcon.
Tiger — The heraldic tiger has the body
of a wolf, the tail of a lion and is stud
ded with tufts of hair. It is not an early
bearing, nor is it often seen.

Timber — 1. A row of ermine in a noble
man's coat.
2. The helmet, miter, coronet, etc.,
when placed over the arms in a complete
achievement. '&. (As a verb) To surmount or deco
rate the coat of arms.
"A purple plume timbers his stately crest,"
— Sylvester.
Timbre — (tim'-ber) [French.] The crest
which in an achievement is shown on the
top of a helmet.
Tincture — (tink'-tur) Tbe name given to
the colors, metals and furs used in her
aldry. The tinctures may be classed as
follows : metals.
Or (gold, yellow) Argent (silver, white)
COLORS.
Azure (blue) Sable (black)
Gules (red)- Vert (green) *
Purpure (purple)
Of later introduction are sanguine (dark
red) and tenne (orange). They are. how
ever, almost unknown in English heraldry.
FURS.
Ermine Vair-en-point
Eimines Counter-vair
Erminois Pean
Erminites Potent
Vair Counter-potent

FDRS.
Ermine (a) — Represents the skin of

Tirret — Torteau.

63

that little animal, and is white powdered
with black spots.
Ermines (C) — A black field, with white
spots. Erminois (D) — The field is gold and the
spots sable.
Erminites — The same as ermine, except
that the two lateral hairs of each spot
are red.
Vair (b) — Similar in shape to small
escutcheons, the wings representing the
fore legs and the point the tail. The skins
are arranged alternately white and blue.
If other colors are used they must be
specified. V air-en-point — A variety of vair, tbe
point of one escutcheon being placed op
posite to the base of the one below.
Counter-vair (H) — Another variety of
vair, those of tbe same color being placed
base to base and point to point. (Vair
was originally drawn bell-shaped, as seen
inE.) Pean (F) — The reverse of erminois, be
ing golden spots on a black field.
Potent (I) — The skins are T-shaped,
resembling somewhat a gallows or a
crutch head. It is akin to vair, and is
sometimes blazoned "vair-potent."
Counter-potent (G) — A variety of po
tent, being placed point to point. (Also
called potent counter-potent.)
The practice of representing the sev-

3 -"sssc Ty*^»^ {
colors and metals.
a, Or ; 5, Argent ; c, Azure ; d. Gules ;
e, Purpure ; f, Sable ; g. Vert ;
h, Sanguine ; i, Tenne.

era! colors by lines and marks, which
dates from the sixteenth century, is as
follows: Argent — A plain white surface.
Or — Small dots.
Azure — Horizontal lines.
Gules — Vertical lines.
Purpure — Diagonal lines from sinister
to dexter.
Vei t — Diagonal lines from dexter to
sinister. Sable — Vertical and horizontal lines.
Sanguine — Diagonal lines from right
to left and left to right (in saltire).
Tenne — Diagonal lines from sinister to
dexter and horizontal (a compound of
purpure and azure).
A foolish practice arose during the
sixteenth century of blazoning the arms
of princes and peers by precious stones
and planets. Tbe system was as follows :
Or— topaz, Sol.
Argent-— pearl, Luna.
Azure — sapphire, Jupiter.
Gules— ruby. Mars.
Purpure — amethyst. Mercury.
Sable— diamond, Saturn.
Vert— emerald, Venus.
Tirret — (tir'-ret) A manacle.
Topaz — (to'-paz) The name given to the
metal or when borne by peers.
Torce — The same as wreath.
Torgant — [See torqued.]
Torqued — (torkt) Twisted; wreathed;
bent. This term is used to describe a
dolphin haurient, twisted into a form
nearly resembling the letter S.

TORQUED.
Tortean — (tor'to) A roundel tinctured
gules. (Plural, torteaux.) [See also
ROUNDEL.]

64

Tourne — Triple pile.

Tourne — (toor'nay') [French.] The same
as CONTOURNE Or REGARDANT.
Transfixed — Pierced by an arrow or simi
lar weapon. Said of an animal.
Transfluent — (-flu'ent) PassiDg or flow
ing through the arches of a bridge. (Said
of water when so represented.)
Transmuted -
CHANGED.

¦ The same as counter-

Transpierced — [Transfixed.]
Transposed — (-pozd') Reversed; changed
to a position the opposite of the proper
or usual position ; as, a pile transposed.
Traversed — (trav'-ersd) Turned to the
sinister side of tbe shield.
Treflee— (tray'-flay') Having athree-lobed
extremity or extremities, as a cross.
[Cross bottony.] Ordinaries, such as
the bend, are sometimes borne tre'fle'e —
that is, with trefoils issuing from the
side.
Trefoil — (tree'-foil) A charge represent
ing tbe three-leaved clover. Like the
rose, it is generally, though not always,
borne without a stalk.
Trefoiled — The same as treflee.
Treille — (trel) Cross-barred work ; lattice
work. It differs from fretty in that the
pieces do not interlace under and over,
but cross athwart each other, being nailed
at the joints. (Also called trellis.)

Trellis — The same as treille.
Tressure — (tresh'-ur) A kind of border
or hem, being, in fact, a diminutive of
the orle, of which it is one-half its
breadth. It passes around the field, fol

lowing the shape and form of the escutch
eon, whatever shape it may be ; usually
borne double. Being used in tbe royal
arms of Scotland, it is naturally popular
in Scottish heraldry.
Tressure fleury — A tressure orna
mented with fleur-de-lis on one side, with
their ends inward.
Tressure fleury-counter-fleury — A
double tressure ornamented with fleur-
de-lis on both sides, the flowers being re
versed alternately. In the arms of Scot
land, as in nearly all examples, the
flower is divided by the border.
Tressured — Provided with a tressure ;
arranged in the form or occupying the
place of a tressure.
"The tressured fleur-de-lis he claims
To wreath his shield, since royal James."
— Sir Walter Scott.
Trian — (tri'an) The aspect of an animal
when neither affronte nor gardant, but
midway between those positions.
Triarchee — (tri-ar'shee) Formed of three
arches ; having three arches.
Trick — To draw in outline, as with a pen ;
to delineate without color, as coats of
arms. "They forget they are in the statute, the
raseles; they are blazoned there; there they
are tricked, they and their pedigrees. "—Ben
Johnson: Poetastci , i, 1.
Tricorporal — (-kor'-po-ral) Three bodies
conjoined to one head, as a lion ; the
bodies of three beasts represented issuing
from the dexter, sinister and base points,
and conjoined to one head in tbe center
of the shield.
Tricorporate — The same as tricorporal.
Trien — (tri'-en) Three. The word is made
use of by some heralds in tbe phrase a
trien of fish — three fish.
Triparted — Parted into three pieces ; hav
ing three parts or pieces. This can be
applied to the field or to the ordinaries
and charges ; as, triparted in pale, across
triparted, etc.
Triple crown — The crown or tiara worn
by tbe popes of Rome.
Triple pile— A truncated pile, ending in
three projections.

Triple plume — Unguled.

65

Triple plume — The device of the Prince
of Wales.
Trippant — (trip'-pant) Having the right
forefoot lifted, the other three remain
ing on the ground, as if trotting. This
term is applied to beasts of chase, as a
buck, hart, etc., and is the same as pas
sant, which is applied to beasts of prey.
Counter-trippant — Two animals borne
trippant contrary ways, as if passing
each other.
Tripping — The same as trippant.
Triton — (tri'-ton) A variety of sea shell.
Tronconee demembre — (tron-kon-ay'
de-mem'-bray) [French.] Separated; ap
plied to a bearing, such as a cross, cut
in pieces and separated, but still retain
ing its original form.

tronconee demembre.
Truncheon — (trun'shun) A baton, orstafl!
of authority.
The truncheon is the official badge of
the Earl Marshal. It is a golden rod,
tipped with black enamel, being blazoned
at one end with the arms of the sover
eign, and at the other with those of the
Earl.
Trun'ked — (trunkt) 1. When the trunk of
a tree is of a tincture different from the
branches it is said to be trunked of such
a tincture. 2. Applied to a tree which has been
shorn of its branches and separated from
its roots.
Tuberated — Knotted or swelled orit.
Tnrnstile — A revolving frame in A foot
path to prevent the passage of horses
or cattle, but admitting that of a person.
A representation of this is occasionally
seen as a bearing.

Tusked— (tuskt) Having tusks of a dif
ferent tincture from that of the body.
Said of an elephant, boar, etc. Example :
If a boar was white with red tusks, he
would be blazoned "A boar argent, tusked
gules."
Twyfoil — Having only two leaves.
Tyrwhit — The lapwing.

u.

Ulster badge — The badge of the province
of Ulster, Ireland — a sinister hand,
couped at the wrist apaumg gules. ("A
bloody hand"). This was assigned by
James I as the badge to the baronets who
were to colonize Ulster. It is now borne
by all baronets of England and Ireland.

ULSTER BADGE.
Ulster King-at-Arms — The chief her-
. aldic officer for Ireland. The office was
created by Edward VI in 1552.
Unde — (un'-dy) Waving or wavy. This
term is applied to ordinaries or lines of
division. (Also written undy ; the French
call it onde'.)
Undy — The same as unde.
Unescutcheoned — (-es-kuch'-und) With
out an escutcheon ; without a coat of
arms. "To this loved cemetery, here to lodge,
With unescutcheoned privacy interred."
— Wordsworth.
Ungued — [See unguled.]
Unguled — Having hoofs of a tincture dif
ferent from that of the body. (Said of
a horse, stag, etc.

66

Unicorn — Vert.

Unicorn — (u'ni-korn) A fabulous animal,
with the head, neck and body of a horse,
a beard like that of a goat, the legs of a
buck, the tail of a lion, and a long taper
ing horn, spirally twisted, in the middle
of the forehead. The royal arms of Scot
land had unicorns for supporters until
the union with England, in 1603. The
sinister supporter of the present arms of
Great Britain is, "A unicorn argeni,
armed, crined and unguled or, gorged
with a coronet of crosses patee and fleur-
de-lis, with a chain affixed passing be
tween the fore legs and reflected over the
back of the last."
Unicorn — One of the pursuivants of the
Lord Lyon's Court, Scotland.
Unifoil — A plant with only one leaf.
Urdee — (ur'-dey) Pointed. The cross ur
dee is an ordinary cross with the ends
drawn to a sharp point instead of being
cut straight.

cross urdee.
Urinant — (ur'-in-ant) The opposite of
haurient. This term is applied to the
dolphin or other fish when represented
with the head downward and the tail
erect.
Urvant — (ur'-vant) Turned or bowed up
ward.
Urved — [See urvant.]

Vair — One of the furs of heraldry, com
posed of a number of pieces cut to re
semble little shields, and arranged al
ternately argent and azure. When of

different tinctures they must he specified ;
as, "vairy argent and vert." Other va
rieties of vair are : vair-en-point, where
the point of one shield, or skin, is placed
opposite to the base of the one below;
counter-vair, where those of tbe same
color are placed base to base and point
to point. (Vair was originally drawn
bell-shaped.) Vair-potent — The same as potent.
Vaire — (vai'ry) The same as vairy.
Vairy — Checkered or charged with vair.
Vambraced — (vam'-braced) Armed with
a vambrace. *\ The vambrace was the portion of ar
mor which covered the arm from the el
bow to tbe wrist.
Variated — [See varriated.]
Varment — (var'-met) The escallop when
represented without tbe ears.
Varriated — ( var'-ri-ated) A bearing cut
in the form of vair ; as, a bend varriated
on the outsides.
Varries — Separate pieces of vair, the form
resembling a small shield or escutcheon.
Varrys — [See varries.]
Varvelled — When the leather thongs
which tie on the bells to the legs of
hawks are borne flotant, with rings at
the ends, the bearing is then termed
jessed, belled and varvelled.
Velloped — (vel'-opd) Having gills of a
different tincture from that of the bird
itself. Applied to a cock when so borne.
[WATTLED.]
Venus — When blazoning arms of princes
by planets, as some foolish heralds have
done, Venus represents the tincture vert.
Verdoy — (ver'-doi) Applied to a bordure
charged with leaves, fruits, flowers, etc. ;
as, a bordure verdoy of trefoils.
Vergette — (ver'-jet) A small pale: a pal
let ; also, a shield divided with pallets.
Versant — (ver'-sant) Erected or elevated.
Vert — The tincture green. In engraving
it is expressed by diagonal lines from
dexter chief to sinister base. In fanciful
blazonry vert is also known as emerald
and Venus.

Vertant — Water budget.

67

Vertant — (ver'-tant) Formed like the let
ter S. I The same as flected and re
flected.]
Vigilant — Applied to a cat when repre
sented as on the lookout for prey.
Virole— (vi-role') The hoop, ring or mouth
piece of a bugle or bunting horn.
Viroled — (vi-rold') Furnished with a vi
role or viroles. Said of a bugle or horn
when borne with rings of a different
tincture from the bugle itself.
Viscount — (vi'-kount) In Great Britain,
the fourth rank of nobility, being above
a baron and below an earl.
Visitation — An official visit made by a
king-at-arms to take note of all armorial
bearings within his jurisdiction. These
visitations were made about every thirty
years. A provincial king-at-arms. either
personally or by deputy, would visit the
principal town of his province or county
and summon all the gentry to come for
ward and record their respective pedi
grees and show title to their armorial
bearings, all of which data would later
be recorded at the College of Heralds.
The first regular commission of visitation
was issued by Henry VIII in 1528-9, but
there had been visitations of one form or
another as early as 1412. The last visi
tation took place early in the reign of
James II.
Visor — That part of a helmet in old ar
mor which protected the face, and which
could be lifted up or down at pleasure.
Visored — With the visor down, or closed.
Voided — Having the inner part cut away,
leaving a narrow border, with the tinc-

cross voided.
ture of the field showing in the vacant
space : a bearing in outline only.

Voider — One of the subordinaries, being
a diminutive of the flanch. It resembles
the flanch. but is smaller and has a flat
ter curve.
• In defensive armor the voider was a
uusset piece, of plate or mail, which was
used to cover an unprotected space at
the elbow or knee joints.
Vol — A pair of wings ; two wings con
joined and displayed in base.
Volant — Represented as flying, or having
the wings spread as in flight. Applied
to a bird ; as, an eagle volant.
Vorant — (vor'-ant) Devouring. Appliedto
an animal depicted devouring another.
Vnlned — (vulnd) Wounded. Applied to
an animal or bird depicted as wounded
and bleeding ; as, a leopard vulned.
Vulning— Wounding ; in the act of wound
ing. This term is applied more particu
larly to the pelican, which, when shown
in profile, is generally represented as
wounding her breast. [Pelican in her
piety.]

w.

Water budget— (buj'et) A bearing which
represents tbe ancient water budget, or

WATER BUDGET.
bucket, consisting of two leather vessels
connected by a stick or yoke and carried
over the shoulder. They were used by
soldiers for carrrying water on long
marches, and were also utilized by water
carriers to convey water from the con
duits to the houses of the citizens.
Tbe water budget is an early and fre
quent bearing in English heraldry-

68

Watery — York.

Watery — A term sometimes used to ex
press unde. *
Wattle — The fleshy lobe that grows un
der the throat of a domestic fowl.
Wattled and combed — When the gills
and comb are of a different tincture from
that of the body. (Said of the cock. )
Waved — The same as unde.
Wavy — The same as unde.
Welt — A narrow border to an ordinary or
charge.
Whelk — The ordinary sea shell.
Whelk's shell — The same as whelk.
White — This color in heraldry is known
as ARGENT.
White Cross Knight — A Hospitaller.
These knights wore a white cross to dis
tinguish them from the Knights Tem
plar, who wore a red cross.
White spur — A kind of esquire. (Cowel.)
Wildcat — [See cat.]
Windsor — The name of one of the six
heralds in tbe College of Arms.
Winged — Depicted as having wings ; or
having wings of a different tincture from
the body.
Winged lion — This was the symbol of
St. Mark, and was adopted as the her
aldic device of the Venetian republic,
when St. Theodore was supplanted as the
patron saint of Venice by St. Mark. The
bearing may be blazoned : "Azure, a
winged Hon sejant gardant, with a glory
or ; in his fore paws an open book, there

on 'Pax tibi, Marc, Evangelista Mens,'
over the dexter page a sword erect, all
proper."
Wiver — [See wyvern.]
Wivern — [See wyvern.]
Wood — The same as hurst.
Wreath — The roll or chaplet above the
shield, supporting the crest. It is sup
posed to represent a twist of two silken
cords, one tinctured like the principal
metal, the other like the principal color,
in the arms. Wreaths may also be cir
cular, but the straight wreath is by far
the more common.
Wyvern — An imaginary animal — a two-

WYVERN.
legged dragon, tbe body passing off into
a long tail barbed at the end and gen
erally borne nowed or knotted.

York — Tbe name of one of the six heralds
in tbe College of Arms.

AN ILLUSTRATED

SUPPLEMENT.

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

71

ABASED.
(Page 1.)

WINGS ABASED.
(Page 1.)

AFFRONTEE.
(Page 2.)

ALLERION
(Page 3.)

72

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

ANCHORED CROSS.
(Page s.)

ASHEN KEYS.
(Page 7.)

ANNULET.
(Page .',.)

ATTIRED.
(Page 7.)

AVELLANE CROSS.
(Page 7.)

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

73

^^

BARBED ARROW.
(Page 9.)

BARRY BENDY.
(Page 9.)

BARS GEMEL.
(Page 10.)

BATON SINISTER.
(Page 10.)

cHil., ..„:»,... ...\U

BARS.
(Page s.)

BATTERING RAM.
(Page 10.)

74

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

BEND.
(Page 11.)

BEND SINISTER.
(Page 11.)

BEVILLED.
(Page 12.)

BEZANTS.
(Page IS.)

BEQUE.
(Page 11.)

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

75

HI*

i/m

BICORPORATE.
(Page It.)

-«5r
BORDURE.
(PageH.)

BILLET.
(Page It.)

BIRD-BOLT.
(Pane IS.)

BOTTONY.
(Page 11,.)

BRACED.
(Pageli.)

76

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

BRICKS.
(Page 13.)

CALTHROP.
(Page 16.)

CABLEE.
(Page IS.)

CALVARY CROSS.
(Page 16.)

CABOSHED.
(Page 13.)

CANTON
(Page 16.)

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

77

CHAPOURNET.
(Page 17.)

CHECKY.
(Page 17.)

CHESS-ROOK.
(Page 17.)

CHEVRON.
(Page 18.)

Illillllllll

CHIEF.
(Page 18.)

CLECHE.
(Page 18.)

78

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

COMBATANT.
(Page is.)

COTTISE.
(Page 21.)

COMPONY.
(Page 20.)

CORDED.
(Page to.)

COUCHANT
(Page 21.)

COUNTERPALED.
(Page 21.)

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

79

COUNTERPOINTE.
(Page 21.)

COUPED.
(Page 22.,)

COUNTER-CHANGED.
(Page 21.)

COURANT.
(Said of any beast represented running.)

COUNTER-COURANT.
(Page 21.)

CRAMPONEE.
(Page 22.;

80

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

CRESCENT.
(Page 22. J

CREST.
(Page 22.)

DECRESCENT.
(Page 26.;

CROSS CROSSLET.
, (Page 23.)

INCRESCENT.
(Page 1,2.)

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

81

DEBRUISED.
(Page 23.)

'jaiQiginjrjiriiiajt!@S0iaiiairiii5li¦Ejia.'S'SliaiaiQ*jEHsirajisjiaiigiisii feiiQipigiiQilsiiDiSPlBllallgl!gi|anp|R ©iBllgiigliailgiipIn
>B!gii2naiiaiioiE/
DIAPERED.
(Page 27.)

DEGRADED.
(Page 26. j
A Cross Degraded is one furnished
with steps ; a Cross Degraded and Con
joined is a plain cross, its ends termi
nating in steps joined to the sides of the
shield.

1- i. i.
MARKS OF DIFFERENCE.
(Page 27.)

DEXTER CHIEF POINT.
(Page 26.)

DISCLOSED.
(Page SI.)

82

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

DISPLAYED
(Page 27.)

DORMANT.
(Page 28.)

EMBATTLED.
(Page 29J

ENGOULEE.
(Page SO.)

DRAGON.
(Page 28.)

ENGRAILED.
(Page SO.)

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

83

ENHANCED.
(Page SI.)

'"f* 1^ ^ ^

ERMINE.
(Paffe &TJ

ESCALLOPEE.
(Pope St.)

ESTOILE.
(Page St.)

FESSE.
(Page S3.)

FETTERLOCK.
(Page S3.)

84

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

FITCHEE.
(Page 31,.)

FLANCHES.
(Page 31,.)

FLEUR-DE-LIS.
(Page S!,.)

FLOTANT.
(Page S3.)

FOURCHEE.
(Page 35.)

FRACTED.
(Page 35.)

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

85

FUSILS CONJOINED.
(Page 36.)

FRETTED.
(Page 35.)

FUSIL.
(Page 36.)

IN/

GARDANT.
(Page 86.;

AT GAZE.
(Page 7.)

86

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

GOBONATED.
(Page S7.)

GUSSET.
(Page 38.)

GORE.
(Page S7.)

% $ I H

GUTTEE.
(Po^e 38.;

GRIFFON.
(Page S7.)

GYRON.
(Page 38.;

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

87

GYRONNY.
(Page S8.)

HARRINGTON KNOT.
(Page S9.)

HATCHMENT.
(Page 39.;

II 111
iBllliU
IliSiSMi

HUMETTEE.
(Page 40.)

IMPALEMENT.
(Page 1,1.)

INCENSANT.
(Page il.)

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

INCLAVE
(Page 1,1.)

INDENTED.
(Page it.)

INESCUTCHEON.
(Page >,2.)

INFLAMED.
(Page 1,2.)

INTERCHANGEABLY POSED.
(Page 1,2.)

INTERFRETTED.
(Page 1,2.)

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

89

INVECTED.
(Page Ifi.)

LANCE.
(Page 1,1,.)

ISSUANT.
(Page iS.)

EEB

LATTICE.
(Page 1,1,.)

LIVER.
(Page 1,5.)

90

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

LODGED.
(I'age 1,5.)

LOZENGY
(Page 1,3.)

LYMPHAD.
(Page 1,5.)

MARTLET.
(Page 1,6.)

MASCLE
(Page 1,6.)

MAUNCH
(Page i6.)
The above example is from the seal
of John de Hastings (1291).

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

91

MITERS.
(Page i7.)

NOMBRIL,
(Page ifi.)

NATANT.
(Page i8.)

NOWED.
(Page i8.)

NEBULY.
(Page 1,8.)

NOWYED.
(Page lfl.)

92

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

OR.
(Page 49.)

ORLE.
(Page 1,9.)

PALE.
(Page 49.)

PALL.
(Page 49.)

PALLETTED.
(Page 50.)

PALY.
(Page 50.)

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

93

PARTY PER BEND.
(Page 50.)

PARTY PER CROSS.
(Page 50.)
[This is called Quarterly.]

PARTY PER PALE.
(Page 50.)

PASSANT.
(Page 50.)

PARTY PER FESSE.
(Page 50.)

CROSS PATEE.
(Page 51.)

94

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

PELICAN IN HER PIETY.
(Page 51.)

B D E
P
H

POINTS.
(Page 52.;

PHEON.
(Page 51.)

POINT IN POINT.
(Page 52.)

PILE.
(Page 52.;

POMMEE.
(Page 52.)

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

95

POSE
(Page 52.;

POTENT.
(Page 52.;

QUARTER.
(Page 53.)

\

%

3

V

QUARTERS.
(Page 51,.)

QUARTERLY.
(See Quartering, page 5^.;

wm

#C

QUARTERLY.
(Page 51,.)

96

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

lb

QUARTER-PIERCED.
(Page 51,.)

RAGULY.
(Page 51,.)

RAMPANT.
(Page 54-)

RAMPANT GARDANT.
(Page 55.)

RAMPANT REGARDANT.
(Page 55.)

RAMPANT SEJANT.
(Page 55.;

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

97

RECERCELEE.
(Page 24.)

REST.
(Page 56.)

RECURSANT.
(Page 55.;

REGARDANT PASSANT.
(Page 55.)

ROUNDELS.
(Page 5fi.;

98

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

SALIANT.
(Page 57J

SALTIRE.
(Page 57.;

SALTIRES HUMETTEE.
(Page 57.;

SEJANT.
(Page 58.;

SHAKE FORK.
(Page 58.;

SPEAR HEAD.
(Page 59.)

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

99

SHIELDS.

1.

1. Norman shield. 2. An early example of the long-pointed kite-shaped
shield. 3. Pear or heart shaped shield. 4 and 5. Fanciful variations.
6. Lozenge shield, used by women. (See Shield, page 58.)

100

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

SUN IN SPLENDOR.
(See Sun, page 60.)

SUPPORTERS.
(Page 60.)

!-•-•••.••*.

X&X&X&&

SURMOUNTED.
(Page 60.)

TAU CROSS.
(Page 61.)

SUR-ANCREE.
(Page 60.) ,

TEUTONIC CROSS.
(Page 61.)

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

101

COLORS AND METALS.
a, -Or ; 6, Argent ; c, Azure ; d, Gules ;
e,' Purpure ; f, Sable ; g, Vert ; h,
Sanguine ; i, Tenng.
(For Tinctures see pages 62 and 63.)

FURS.
K, Ermine ; b, Vair ; c, Ermines ; d, Er
minois ; e, original form of Vair ;
F, Pean ; g, Counter-potent ; h,
Counter-vair ; i, Potent.

THUNDERBOLT.
(Page 62.)

TORQUED.
(Page 63.)

102

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

TRANSFIXED.
(Page 64.;
The above illustration is also^known
as a Stag of St. Hubert.

TRANSPOSED.
(Page 6^.;

TRESSURE.
(Page 6-U

n y

1

1 1

TRIPARTED.
(Page 64-)

TREILLE.
(Page 64.;

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

103

TRONCONEE DEMEMBRE
(Page 65.;

TURNSTILE.
(Page 65.)

ULSTER BADGE.
(Page 65.)

CROSS URDEE.
(Page 66.;

URVANT.
(Page 66.)

VARVELLED.
(Page 66.)

104

ILLUSTRATED SUPPLEMENT.

CROSS VOIDED.
(Page 67.;

VOIDER.
(Page 67.)

VOLANT.
(Page 67.;

WATER BUDGET.
(Page ffl.)

WREATHS
(Page 68.)
There are a number of forms of the
wreath, but tbe straight one is by far
the more common.

WYVERN.
(Page 68.)

¦iinmi.n ,